Widening Participation to an IB Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Finkel, Ed

2012-01-01

The global economy demands globally educated workers and citizens. About 1,300 schools in the United States--and a total of about 3,200 in 141 countries worldwide--have turned to the International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum as their ticket to educating students who are worldly-wise. But only 25 or 30 percent of students in IB World Schools are…

Developing skills for youth in the 21st century: The role of elite International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme schools in China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wright, Ewan; Lee, Moosung

2014-04-01

There is a growing body of research suggesting that schools need to respond to changing social and economic dynamics by prioritising "21st-century skills". Proponents of this view, who have been termed "the 21st century skills movement", have called for greater emphasis on cognitive and non-cognitive skills development, alongside the learning of subject content and technical skills. This paper explores the potential of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) schools to respond to this mandate in China, one of the fastest-growing markets for International Baccalaureate® (IB) schools globally. The authors' research team undertook a multi-site case study of five elite IBDP schools in China. Their findings revealed confidence among interviewees that the IB educational philosophy was conducive to 21st-century skills development, especially through the provision of the three IBDP "Core Requirements", which are Creativity, Action, Service (CAS), Extended Essay (EE) and Theory of Knowledge (TOK). Despite this confidence, concerns remain about the implementation of the IB educational philosophy in the context of IBDP schools in China.

The Denationalization of Education and the Expansion of the International Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Resnik, Julia

2012-01-01

This study explores the expansion of international education focusing on International Baccalaureate (IB) schools in England, France, Israel, Argentina, and Chile. As a whole, conditions such as economic globalization and neoliberal education policies favor the expansion of IB schools. Certain national contexts and educational traditions encourage…

The IB Diploma and UK University Degree Qualifications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frank-Gemmill, Gerda

2013-01-01

In recent years the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma has become widely accepted as a university-entry qualification in the UK, but there has been little quantitative research into the achievements of IB students at degree level. This study investigates IB students from one selective independent school who entered UK universities between…

The International Baccalaureate and "Growth Scepticism": A "Social Limits" Framework

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2011-01-01

The number of schools offering the programmes of the International Baccalaureate (IB) hit 3000 in July 2010. Since 2004 the IB has aimed for further growth within a "wider access" and "greater impact" paradigm. A "further" 7000 schools are expected to be involved by 2020. However, there is now considerable concern about growth, especially within…

International Education: The International Baccalaureate, Montessori and Global Citizenship

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brunold-Conesa, Cynthia

2010-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) programs and Montessori education both claim to promote values associated with global citizenship in order to help prepare students for new challenges presented by an increasingly globalized world. While the IB's secondary programs are widespread in international schools, Montessori programs at that level are…

Teacher and Student Perceptions of the International Baccalaureate Program: A First Year Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culross, Rita R.; Tarver, Emily T.

2007-01-01

This study examined the perceptions of teachers and students during the first year of implementation of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program at a high school. The research team interviewed all IB teachers and students regarding their decision to teach/enroll in IB; how IB differed from teaching/taking regular courses; and other…

The International Baccalaureate in the USA and the Emerging "Culture War"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2009-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) has undergone rapid growth and largely unhindered expansion over the past four decades. It has moved beyond its European nexus and the three IB programmes now have a relatively large presence in the USA, especially among public high schools. The IB gathered federal funding in 2003, and a concerted attack has…

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in Mexico as Preparation for Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saavedra, Anna Rosefsky; Lavore, Elisa; Flores-Ivich, Georgina

2016-01-01

In this study we analyse the relationship between Mexican students' enrolment in the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) and their college preparedness using a case-study methodology. We found that from the Mexican schools that offer the IB DP, most IB students are fairly successful in their college applications, such that the…

An International Model of World-Class Education: The International Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Ian

2012-01-01

This article posits that world-class education is international education, as defined by UNESCO, and presents International Baccalaureate (IB) programmes as examples of this phenomenon. It begins with the IB's 1960s origins in international schools, which educated the children of globally mobile parents who worked principally in the UN and its…

Planning Mobile Futures: The Border Artistry of International Baccalaureate Diploma Choosers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doherty, Catherine; Mu, Li; Shield, Paul

2009-01-01

This paper reports on a study of students choosing the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma over state-based curricula in Australian schools. The IB Diploma was initially designed as a matriculation certificate to facilitate international mobility. While first envisaged as a lifestyle agenda for cultural elites, such mobility is now widespread…

Optimising Meritocratic Advantage with the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Australian Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doherty, Catherine

2012-01-01

This paper explores two of the tensions Tarc identifies in the history of the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma: firstly, between its design for meritocratic competition and its internationalist vision and, secondly, between the IB as a global commodity and its localised interpretations. Using data from three case studies of Australian…

Expanding the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in Japan: The Role of University Admissions Reforms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sanders, Justin; Ishikura, Yukiko

2018-01-01

In 2011, the Japanese government, in partnership with the International Baccalaureate (IB) Organization, embarked on an ambitious agenda of increasing the number of schools offering the IB Diploma Programme (DP) in Japan. One of the biggest challenges in this initiative is improving the recognition of the IB Diploma as an acceptable and sought…

Working to My Potential: The Postsecondary Experiences of CPS Students in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coca, Vanessa; Johnson, David; Kelley-Kemple, Thomas; Roderick, Melissa; Moeller, Eliza; Williams, Nicole; Moragne, Kafi

2012-01-01

In 1997, Chicago Public Schools (CPS) announced an ambitious plan to open 13 International Baccalaureate Diploma Programs (IBDP) in neighborhood high schools throughout the city. Hoping to replicate the success achieved in the long-standing IB program at Lincoln Park High School, the scale of the IB experiment was unmatched by any other school…

The International Baccalaureate and a Framework for Class Consciousness: The Potential Outcomes of a "Class-for-Itself"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2010-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) examination system in early 2010 was on offer in 2700 schools in 139 countries. Since 1999, the Geneva-registered IB has created a platform for image consolidation, product standardization, and technological linkage. Out of this has emerged a globally branded "IB World", educating the "IB Learner", using an…

The International Baccalaureate Career Programme: A Case Study of College and Career Readiness Policy Goals

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lakes, Richard D.; Donovan, Martha K.

2018-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) is noted in school reform policy circles as the gold standard of academic excellence. While the presence of IB as a sought-after education vendor has grown in the past decade, the organization has attempted to shake off its image as an elite agency serving only private international schools with its…

Development and Validation of the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile Questionnaire (IBLPQ)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Walker, Allan; Lee, Moosung; Bryant, Darren A.

2016-01-01

The Learner Profile (LP) frames International Baccalaureate (IB) learning outcomes across the three programme levels and, as such, plays a key role in measuring the success of the rapidly growing number of IB schools in the Asia-Pacific Region. Our aim was to develop an instrument to measure the IBLP and validate the instrument through a series of…

Transactions in Transformation: the Challenge of Interdisciplinary Understanding in an International Baccalaureate World School.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Forde, N. J.

2017-12-01

This poster will consider the extent to which students understanding of geoscience are enhanced by interdisciplinary curricular offerings, as well as how teacher instructional practices are influenced in the process. The poster will cite examples from a two programme bilingual International Baccalaureate (IB) world school in Hong Kong where students' opportunities to learn about the world come in a number of forms both within and beyond the mainstream curriculum. The IB Middle Years (IB MYP) and Diploma (IB DP) Programmes encourage interdisciplinary learning. The IB's Approaches to Teaching and Learning (AtTL) provides students and teachers with a framework for best practice for learning how to learn, as well specific teacher practices for the planning and delivery of courses. Most importantly, approaches to teaching which are based on inquiry, focused on conceptual understanding, and rooted in global and local contexts are categorized with approaches to learning which focus on the development of research skills as well as social and self management skills. Through the examination of IB curricular offerings such as the `Interdisciplinary Unit' (IDU) for IB MYP and `Group 4 Science Project' for IB DP, as well as examples taken from the unique `Shuyuan' enrichment programme offered at this school, the poster will consider the interdisciplinary environment from the student and teacher perspective, and the extent to which interdisciplinary learning takes students further in their overall understanding of science and humanities in the real world. In addition, the poster will consider the effect on teacher instructional practices and professional learning needs for schools undertaking interdisciplinary teaching and learning. The poster concludes that for high quality interdisciplinary understanding to take place, these experiences should be planned both vertically and horizontally and collaborative planning for teachers needs to be prioritized. In addition, exploring

Class of 2015 Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Exam Participation and Performance. Memorandum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Navarro, Maria V.

2016-01-01

This memorandum describes the Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) exams participation and performance of 2013 to 2015 public school graduates in Montgomery County Public Schools (MCPS) and the state of Maryland. The results are disaggregated by demographics and high schools. Students in the MCPS Class of 2015 continued to…

Which Preparatory Curriculum for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Is Best? The Challenge for International Schools with Regard to Mathematics and Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corlu, M. Sencer

2014-01-01

There are two mainstream curricula for international school students at the junior high level: the International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP) and the Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE). The former was developed in the mid-1990s and is currently being relaunched in a 21st-century approach.…

The International Baccalaureate in the United States: From Relative Inactivity to Imbalance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2011-01-01

The International Baccalaureate[R] (IB) examination system has grown exponentially in the United States from 268 schools involved in 1999 to 1,090 schools in 2009. The fact that 49,100 students of a total of 87,800 students in 122 countries were from U.S. schools in 2009 has posed problems in strategic planning, assessment and training, the…

International Mindedness in Practice: The Evidence from International Baccalaureate Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hacking, Elisabeth Barratt; Blackmore, Chloe; Bullock, Kate; Bunnell, Tristan; Donnelly, Michael; Martin, Susan

2018-01-01

International Mindedness is an overarching construct related to multilingualism, intercultural understanding and global engagement (Hill, 2012). The concept is central to the International Baccalaureate (IB) and sits at the heart of its education policies and programmes. The aim of this research study was to examine systematically how schools…

Summary Brief: International Baccalaureate Standards Development and Alignment Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conley, David T.; Ward, Terri

2009-01-01

Although the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme is offered by many high schools in the United States and considered to be challenging and rich in content, the curriculum has not been analyzed to determine its alignment with college readiness standards or state educational standards in the U.S. The research methodology employed by…

Academic Civic Mindedness and Model Citizenship in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme. Working Paper WR-1044-IBO

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saavedra, Anna Rosefsky

2014-01-01

Originally founded as a private means for diplomats' children to earn an internationally recognized high school diploma, today the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) serves students from a variety of backgrounds in 144 countries. The IB mission and Learner Profile--consisting of ten attributes to foster in students--suggest…

Making a Connection in the International Baccalaureate English Classroom: Using Multimodal Projects to Better Understand Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cicione, Phillip M.

2012-01-01

The main focus of this dissertation is the literacy practices of students in a high school International Baccalaureate (IB) English classroom. The students demonstrated their meaning of texts that were studied as part of the curriculum in order to prepare them for their Formal Oral Commentaries. This was a mandated assessment of the IB English…

Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs: A "Fit" for Gifted Learners?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hertberg-Davis, Holly; Callahan, Carolyn M.; Kyburg, Robin M.

2006-01-01

Although limited research exists on the appropriateness of Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) Programs for gifted secondary learners, these courses serve as the primary methods of meeting the needs of gifted students in most high schools. This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach to investigate how…

Academic Civic Mindedness and Model Citizenship in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Saavedra, Anna Rosefsky

2016-01-01

This study uses interview and survey methods to describe the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme's (DP) development of students' "academic civic mindedness" and "model citizenship" at four public schools in California. Results indicate that the DP pedagogy enables students to develop many of the skills that are…

SREB States Maintain Lead in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Collins, Crystal

2009-01-01

The Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states lead the nation in student participation in Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) programs. The region also continued to match the nation in the success rates of high school students on AP exams in 2008. SREB's "Challenge to Lead" Goals for Education recognize the…

Challenges for a New Bilingual Program: Implementing the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme in Four Colombian Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lochmiller, Chad R.; Lucero, Audrey; Lester, Jessica Nina

2016-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) has expanded in Latin America. Drawing from a larger multi-sited qualitative case study, we examined the challenges associated with the implementation of the IB Primary Years Programme (PYP) in a Colombian and bilingual context. Findings highlight (1) the intersecting nature of challenges associated with the…

What Is the "International" in the International Baccalaureate?: Three Structuring Tensions of the Early Years (1962-1973)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tarc, Paul

2009-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) emerged in the 1960s after a significant demand arose for an internationally recognized secondary school-leaving diploma among a subset of the international school community. In tension with the practical demands of producing and sustaining a mobile diploma were underlying liberal-humanist visions of a…

Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Examination Results in Texas, 2009-10. Document No. GE11 601 07

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Texas Education Agency, 2011

2011-01-01

This report reviews Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) examination participation and performance in Texas during the 2009-10 school year. Campus-, district-, and state-level examination results for students in Texas public schools are presented, as well as state-level examination results for students in Texas public and…

Intersection of Principles: How "This We Believe" and International Baccalaureate® Align

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dever, Robin; Raven, Sara

2017-01-01

Schools that teach within the context of the International Baccalaureate® (IB) Middle Years Program approach learning through a global lens. They focus on how subjects relate to a larger, international context and connect topics together so that students can have a deeper understanding of knowledge. To further support and promote this approach to…

A Summary of Research on the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: Perspectives of Students, Teachers, and University Admissions Offices in the USA

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Culross, Rita; Tarver, Emily

2011-01-01

This is the summary of a series of research studies into the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) in the USA, beginning with the investigation of how the first class of IB DP graduates in an individual school perceived the impacts and benefits of the programme, through further investigations of teacher perceptions of the…

Moral Education and the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Oord, Lodewijk

2013-01-01

This article analyses elements of moral education in the educational programmes offered by the International Baccalaureate (IB). Particular reference is made to the IB learner profile, a list of 10 virtues which, the IB claims, are fostered through its educational programmes. This approach is evaluated in the light of existing ideas concerning…

The Development of the International Baccalaureate in Spanish Speaking Countries: A Global Comparative Approach

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Resnik, Julia

2016-01-01

This paper compares the development of International Baccalaureate (IB) schools in four different settings: Argentine, Chile, Spain and Ecuador. The global comparative approach used in this study, based on actor-network theory (ANT), allows us to analyse the connections and interactions between global actors and the plurality of national,…

The Impact of AP and IB Programs on High Stakes College Admissions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chodl, Joseph

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the impact on undergraduate college admissions decisions at selective U.S. colleges and universities of student enrolment in the Advanced Placement (AP) or International Baccalaureate (IB) programs of international schools. A total of 30 interviews were conducted by the researcher with admissions personnel…

Global Education under Attack: International Baccalaureate in America

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2012-01-01

The three main programmes of the Geneva-registered International Baccalaureate (IB) have grown enormously since the 1990s and have seemingly found their "home" in the United States. However, the IB has provoked opposition, initially from concerned parents, and lately by conservative agencies. This book charts the growth of the IB in America and…

M-DCPS Student Performance in International Baccalaureate and Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education Programs. Research Brief. Volume 1102

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blazer, Christie

2011-01-01

This Research Brief summarizes the performance of M-DCPS students participating in the International Baccalaureate (IB) and Cambridge Advanced International Certificate of Education (AICE) programs. Outcome data are provided for the eight M-DCPS schools offering the two programs and corresponding examinations. Participation in international…

Intellectually Gifted Females and Their Perspectives of Lived Experience in the AP and IB Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vanderbrook, Carrie M.

2006-01-01

The Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) programs serve as popular choices for many intellectually gifted high school students. This article describes an aspect of a larger study that examined 5 intellectually gifted females' perceptions of their educational experience while enrolled in one of the programs. Using the…

Seeing the Forest for the Trees: The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme Exhibition and Global Citizenship Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, Nicholas

2016-01-01

The purpose of this research was to determine the depth and scope of Global Citizenship Education (GCE) through the International Baccalaureate (IB) Primary Years Programme (PYP) exhibition. The small-scale qualitative study describes how a fifth-grade cohort and teachers at The International School of Azerbaijan uncover GCE in situ. Drawing on…

Expanding Access, Participation, and Success in International Baccalaureate Programmes: Year 1 Documentation Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Corcoran, Thomas B.; Gerry, Gail B.

2010-01-01

In fall 2009, the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation funded a three-year project (IB Access Project) with International Baccalaureate (IB) to increase participation of minority students and students in poverty in the Middle Years Programme (MYP) and Diploma Programme (DP). The IB Access Project seeks to do four things: (1) Improve teacher practice…

Lesher Middle School: Commitment by Choice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Principal Leadership, 2012

2012-01-01

This article features Lesher Middle School, a school of choice, as are all of the schools in the Poudre School District in Ft. Collins, Colorado. In 2004, it was a traditional junior high school with a declining enrollment that housed an application-based International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme (IB MYP) that resulted in tracking…

Which preparatory curriculum for the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme is best? The challenge for international schools with regard to mathematics and science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Corlu, M. Sencer

2014-12-01

There are two mainstream curricula for international school students at the junior high level: the International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP) and the Cambridge International General Certificate of Secondary Education (IGCSE). The former was developed in the mid-1990s and is currently being relaunched in a 21st-century approach. The latter programme of study was developed by University of Cambridge International Examinations in 1985 and has become popular in recent years among British domestic and international schools worldwide due to the clarity of its learning content. The prevailing uncertainty about which curriculum is best to prepare students for the IB Diploma Programme represents a challenge for international schools. The purpose of the current study is to develop a methodology through causal models which can explain the relationship between student performance in the IGCSE and the Diploma Programme with regard to mathematics and science. The data evaluated here consisted of external examination scores of students who attended a private international high school between the years 2005 and 2012. Two structural equation models were developed. The first model employed a maximum likelihood estimation, while the second model used a Bayesian estimation with a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method. Both models fit the data well. The evidence suggests that the IGCSE provides a good foundational preparation for the Diploma Programme in mathematics and science.

IB Offering Certificate for Careers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robelen, Erik W.

2012-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) organization, best known in the United States for its prestigious two-year diploma program for juniors and seniors, will enter new terrain this fall as it formally rolls out an initiative centered on a variety of career pathways that includes engineering, culinary arts, and automotive technology. The move comes…

Determinants of High Schools' Advanced Course Offerings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iatarola, Patrice; Conger, Dylan; Long, Mark C.

2011-01-01

This article examines the factors that determine a high school's probability of offering Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. The likelihood that a school offers advanced courses, and the number of sections that it offers, is largely driven by having a critical mass of students who enter high school with…

Apples and Oranges: Comparing the Backgrounds and Academic Trajectories of International Baccalaureate (IB) Students to a Matched Comparison Group

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

May, Henry; Rodriguez, Awilda; Sirinides, Philip M.; Perna, Laura W.; Yee, April; Ransom, Tafaya

2013-01-01

As a critical step in understanding the impacts of IB, the analyses presented in this report examined the selection mechanisms behind IB participation across Florida, the state with the second highest representation of IB programs in the nation. We use longitudinal student and school-level data from 1995 through 2009 from the Florida K-20…

Politics and Pedagogy: Discursive Constructions in the IB "Theory of Knowledge--Guide"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Nigel V.; Morgan, Mandy

2010-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) curriculum is increasingly popular in both national and international secondary education settings. The "Theory of knowledge" (TOK) course is cast as the prime example of the international globalised values the IB Diploma represents. This article argues that such a positioning is contested within the TOK…

On the International Baccalaureate and Its Language Programme with Emphasis on Finnish B.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Svensson, Pirkko Forsman

The International Baccalaureate (IB), a 2-year diploma program for students aged 16-19, gives access to higher education on a world-wide basis; it also allows for various national education systems. The program is available in English, French, and Spanish. It is supervised by the IB organization, a non-profit educational foundation with…

Perceptions of the International Baccalaureate (IB) in Canadian Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fitzgerald, Saira

2017-01-01

This article presents the results of the first Canada-wide survey on how university admissions personnel view the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP) in relation to other curricula. The purpose of this study was twofold: (i) to move beyond anecdote and discover how Canada compares with universities in the UK and Australia/NZ, and…

The Rise and Decline of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in the United Kingdom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2015-01-01

The three main programmes of the Geneva-registered International Baccalaureate (IB) have grown substantially worldwide over the past decade, although the programmes have found a natural "home" in the United States. This paper charts the growth of the IB in the United Kingdom (UK) revealing that involvement there, mainly in England and…

Elite International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme Schools and Inter-Cultural Understanding in China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Ewan; Lee, Moosung

2014-01-01

The number of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) schools has increased rapidly in China in recent years. However, access to schools offering the IBDP remains restricted to a relatively elite minority of China's population due to enrolment barriers for Chinese nationals and relatively high school fees. An implication is that…

The Growth of the International Baccalaureate[R] Diploma Program: Concerns about the Consistency and Reliability of the Assessments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2011-01-01

The International Baccalaureate[R] (IB) world, known as "the IB World," is doubling in size every five years. The IB has become a complex educational product, but offers high levels of consistency and reliability in terms of delivery and assessment. However, since late 2008, a number of concerns have been raised about the quality and manageability…

Students' perceptions of the non-academic advantages and disadvantages of participation in Advanced Placement courses and International Baccalaureate programs.

PubMed

Foust, Regan Clark; Hertberg-Davis, Holly; Callahan, Carolyn M

2009-01-01

In-depth interviews of students with qualitative analysis of the responses were used to explore perceptions of the non-academic advantages and disadvantages of Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) program participation, and differences between the AP and IB programs in those perceptions. Results revealed that benefits of participation, including pride in completing more challenging work, similarity and special bonds among participants, better treatment (more respect and responsibility) from teachers, better overall class atmosphere, and preference for AP and IB courses were consistent across schools and between programs. Also consistent were the disadvantages students reported, with marked differences in the intensity of disadvantages between the AP and IB programs. Specifically, as the amount of time students spent in homogeneously grouped settings increased, so did the workload, the intensity of the perceived social/emotional disadvantages of the workload, the perceived range of negative feelings between participants and non-participants, and the perceived negativity of participant strereotypes.

With World Growing Smaller, IB Gets Big

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cech, Scott J.

2007-01-01

The perception that the Geneva, Switzerland-based International Baccalaureate Organization's academic programs offer just what American students need in today's more globally competitive environment seems to be catching on. After decades of obscurity and slow expansion, the pace of growth in IB--including courses of study for the primary and…

The Negotiation of the Relationship between Home and School in the Mind of Grade 6 Students in an International School in Qatar

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frangie, Maha

2017-01-01

This paper aims at deepening the understanding of how the relation between home and school is negotiated in the mind of Grade 6 students attending an International Baccalaureate (IB) school in Qatar. Students reported mainly frustration and confusion. The Thematic Coding Analysis used in the study revealed two strategies students use to negotiate…

A Review of the Linkage between Student Participation in the International Baccalaureate Continuum and Student Learning Attributes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bryant, Darren A.; Walker, Allan; Lee, Moosung

2016-01-01

Given the rapid growth in the number of students completing the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme and the potential for students to be educated entirely through IB programmes, it is important to understand associations between programme participation and cognitive and non-cognitive learning attributes. Through a mixed methods…

Advanced High School Biology in an Era of Rapid Change: A Summary of the Biology Panel Report from the NRC Committee on Programs for Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in American High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, William B.

2002-01-01

A recently released National Research Council (NRC) report, "Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools", evaluated and recommended changes in the Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), and other advanced secondary school science programs. As part of this study,…

Focus & Higher Standards for Secondary Schools.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

International Baccalaureate North America, Inc., New York, NY.

The International Baccalaureate (IB) program, in which students in the last 2 years of high school can earn a diploma recognized for university admission throughout the world and for course credit at colleges and universities in Canada and the United States, is described. Information about the program is provided in the following areas: (1)…

The Effects of Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs on Student Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Luo, Samia Merza

2013-01-01

This study compared student academic achievement in two college readiness programs, Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) and attempted to determine how well program participation predict student performance compared to variables such as SES, parent education level, GPA, gender, and SAT II scores. Finally, the research…

An Empirical Method for Deriving Grade Equivalence for University Entrance Qualifications: An Application to A Levels and the International Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Green, Francis; Vignoles, Anna

2012-01-01

We present a method to compare different qualifications for entry to higher education by studying students' subsequent performance. Using this method for students holding either the International Baccalaureate (IB) or A-levels gaining their degrees in 2010, we estimate an "empirical" equivalence scale between IB grade points and UCAS…

Students' Perceptions of the Social/Emotional Implications of Participation in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs. Research Monograph Series. RM09238

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foust, Regan Clark; Hertberg-Davis, Holly; Callahan, Carolyn M.

2009-01-01

Using qualitative methods, the researchers explored student perceptions of the social and emotional advantages and disadvantages of Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) program participation, differences between the AP and IB programs in those perceptions, and whether or not students report experiencing a "forced-choice…

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme and the Construction of Pedagogic Identity: A Preliminary Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cambridge, James

2010-01-01

Bernstein (1999, 2000) proposes that contrasting educational discourses construct contrasting retrospective, prospective, decentred (market) and decentred (therapeutic) pedagogic identities. In different times and geographical locations the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) has been projected onto a variety of pedagogic…

Birds of a Feather: Senior International Baccalaureate International Schools Leadership in Service

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gardner-McTaggart, Alexander

2018-01-01

This article presents original research into International Baccalaureate international schools' directors in Western Europe, based on multiphase contact with six director participants over two years and employing an aspect of critical-phenomenology. Successful leadership in this context responds to market demands with a commodification of Anglo…

Choosing Your Niche: The Social Ecology of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Australia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Doherty, Catherine; Luke, Allan; Shield, Paul; Hincksman, Candice

2012-01-01

The International Baccalaureate's (IB) branding and reputation targets academic high achievers aiming for university entrance. This is an empirical examination of the growing popularity of this transnational secondary credential amongst local populations in Australia, focusing on its uptake across the community, and the discourses underpinning its…

Relationships among Stress, Coping, and Mental Health in High-Achieving High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suldo, Shannon M.; Shaunessy, Elizabeth; Hardesty, Robin

2008-01-01

This study investigates the relationships among stress, coping, and mental health in 139 students participating in an International Baccalaureate (IB) high school diploma program. Mental health was assessed using both positive indicators (life satisfaction, academic achievement, academic self-efficacy) and negative indicators (psychopathology) of…

A study of International Baccalaureate science teachers' choices in curriculum and instruction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jauss, Lanett S.

This study was designed to investigate the choices International Baccalaureate (IB) science teachers make in curriculum and instruction. Data was gathered via a survey completed by IB science teachers who had attended either an April, 2007 workshop in Reston, Virginia or a January, 2008 IB roundtable discussion in Kansas City, Missouri. Surveys solicited the different choices IB science teachers make for options, Internal Assessment (IA) activities, Theory of Knowledge (TOK) emphasis, and demographics. Teachers' reasons for their option choices were also analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS descriptive statistics, Pearson's product-moment correlations, and linear regression. It was found that IB science teachers' most frequent reasons for their option choices were related to ease, interest, background, and available resources. IB science teachers used a variety of IA activities, with hands-on activities and worksheets being most frequent. IB science teachers did not emphasize inquiry, although they did include some aspects of it among their choices. IB science teachers preferred to use activities they design or those designed by other teachers. Years of teaching experience, both total and IB, were correlated to the level of use of some TOK tenets.

The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme after 30 Years: A Critical Inquiry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunnell, Tristan

2011-01-01

The International Baccalaureate (IB) Middle Years Programme (MYP) was first created in 1980. This article charts its historical origins and growth. It offers a critical overview of the operation of the MYP revealing both its geographical distribution disparities and the current picture in terms of external moderation of student work. There are…

Measuring College Success for International Baccalaureate Diploma and Certificate Candidates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Jennifer Coles

2018-01-01

This quantitative study was conducted at a private international high school. The study purpose was to investigate United States college trends comparing International Baccalaureate Diploma Program candidates and International Baccalaureate Non-Diploma Program candidates from the same school in Asia. Data was collected for the Classes of 2007-2012…

Changes in Stress and Psychological Adjustment during the Transition to High School among Freshmen in an Accelerated Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suldo, Shannon M.; Shaunessy-Dedrick, Elizabeth

2013-01-01

This study determined whether participation in an accelerated curriculum (specifically, the International Baccalaureate [IB] program) upon entry to high school is associated with increases in stress and/or associated with psychological problems. Data from self-report questionnaires were collected at two time points (summer after eighth grade, fall…

Going Global, for Rich and Poor

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathews, Jay; Mathews, Linda

2012-01-01

International Baccalaureate (IB) programs are turning up in a diverse mix of school districts, an attempt to add rigor and depth. For rich and for poor, for big schools and small ones, IB has become a way to add rigor and depth to public school curricula. But each school district has adapted IB for its own needs. Some use it in all schools for all…

Development and Initial Validation of the Student Rating of Environmental Stressors Scale: Stressors Faced by Students in Accelerated High School Curricula

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suldo, Shannon M.; Dedrick, Robert F.; Shaunessy-Dedrick, Elizabeth; Roth, Rachel A.; Ferron, John

2015-01-01

High school students in accelerated curricula face stressors beyond typical adolescent developmental challenges. The Student Rating of Environmental Stressors Scale (StRESS) is a self-report measure of environmental stressors appropriate for students in Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) courses. We developed the StRESS…

The Effect of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate Exam Scores upon College GPA and College Choice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farmer, Daniel Raymond

2017-01-01

This quantitative, causal-comparative and correlational study analyzed students' academic performance in college based on whether the student was classified as an International Baccalaureate student, an Advanced Placement student, or a non-accelerated student (those who did not participate in IB or AP) and how that choice of academic program…

Chinese Students' Adjustment to the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: Experiences of an Australian High School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gan, Adrian

2009-01-01

The research project upon which this article is based aimed to give a voice to the experiences of unaccompanied Chinese mainland students undertaking the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) in an Australian high school. Eleven students aged 18-20 participated. All students completed a written questionnaire (in either English or…

Semester abroad opportunities in baccalaureate nursing programs.

PubMed

Read, Catherine Y

2011-01-01

An experience of studying abroad enhances undergraduate nursing education by broadening the student's perspective about different cultures, heightening awareness of a global society and foreign customs and traditions, stimulating interest in international work and research, fostering personal development, building skill in a foreign language, and serving as a bridge between theory and practice. Despite a large number of published reports about international experiences for nursing students, little is known about the number of baccalaureate programs that offer a semester abroad or the percent of students who participate. A mailed paper-and-pencil survey was completed by 382 administrators of baccalaureate nursing programs listed in the American Association of Colleges of Nursing database. Eighty-nine schools (23.3%) offer a semester study abroad opportunity. Of those, 39 (44%) offer clinical nursing courses taught by nursing faculty. Most (76%) of the 89 schools reported that only 0%-5% of students participated in the semester abroad program. Despite the small number of baccalaureate programs that offer a semester abroad experience and the small percentage of students who participate, respondents listed a large number and variety of advantages and offered strategies that facilitate their programs. Curricular innovations that allow 17%-26% of juniors in the baccalaureate nursing program at Boston College to study abroad for a semester are elucidated. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An Exploration of Virginia Law on Recognition, University Officials, and Perceptions of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daly, Kimberley

2012-01-01

This study investigated how university officials at five public universities in the Commonwealth of Virginia responded in the aftermath of a law concerning credit policies for International Baccalaureate (IB) and Advanced Placement (AP) examinations. Mandated by the Code of Virginia § 23-9.2:3.8, this policy is unique in the area of AP and IB…

"Having It All" at Sleep's Expense: The Forced Choice of Participants in Advanced Placement Courses and International Baccalaureate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Foust, Regan Clark; Hertberg-Davis, Holly; Callahan, Carolyn M.

2008-01-01

The gifted can suffer from too many demands on their time and attention. This qualitative study tested the theory that advanced placement (AP) and international baccalaureate (IB) participants may feel forced to choose between academic success and social acceptance. The results, however, did not support the theory. Not only did gifted students not…

The scope and variety of combined baccalaureate-MD programs in the United States.

PubMed

Eaglen, Robert H; Arnold, Louise; Girotti, Jorge A; Cosgrove, Ellen M; Green, Marianne M; Kollisch, Donald O; McBeth, Dani L; Penn, Mark A; Tracy, Sarah W

2012-11-01

The landscape of combined baccalaureate-MD programs has changed substantially in the last two decades but has not been documented in detail. The authors review the current state of these programs and discuss opportunities for future study of their evolving role and potential impact.In 2011, using a definition of baccalaureate-MD program built on prior research, the authors reviewed Association of American Medical Colleges sources and medical school Web sites to identify and characterize 81 active programs. In addition, they surveyed the 57 medical schools offering those programs; 31 schools with 39 programs responded. The resulting database inventories the number and distribution of programs; institutional affiliations; missions or goals; length; size; admissions criteria; curricula; and retention requirements.Since the inception of combined programs in 1961, their number and curricular length have increased. Pressures that spurred earlier programs remain evident in the goals of today's programs: attract talented high school or early college students, especially from diverse backgrounds; prepare physicians to meet societal needs; and offer an enriched premedical environment. Baccalaureate educational activities achieve program goals through special courses, medical experiences, community service, and learning communities tailored to students' needs. Admission and retention criteria are comparable to those of traditional medical schools.Combined baccalaureate-MD programs have evolved along several paths during the last half century and have enriched the baccalaureate experiences of medical students. Shifting expectations for the selection and education of future physicians warrant focused research on these programs to document their effectiveness in addressing those expectations.

The Information Search Process (the ISP) and the Research Essay. How One School Library Supports Student Learning by Using the ISP as the Framework for the Extended Essay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reynolds, Helen

2010-01-01

Queensland Academy for Health Sciences (QAHS) is a senior secondary high school offering the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP). As part of the Diploma, students are required to complete a referenced research essay of four thousand words. For most, this will be their first experience of such a challenging undertaking.…

Interpreting and Implementing the IB Learner Profile in an Internationalised School in China: A Shift of Focus from the "Profile as Text" to the "Lived Profile"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poole, Adam

2017-01-01

This article presents findings from a case study that explored the way Sophie, an expatriate International Baccalaureate Diploma art teacher in an internationalised school in Shanghai, China, interpreted and implemented the International Baccalaureate Learner Profile. The findings challenge the view that the Profile exerts a regulatory force on…

Advanced Coursework Rates by Ethnicity: An 11-Year, Statewide Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fowler, Janis C.

2013-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine advanced coursework completion rates, Advanced Placement (AP)/International Baccalaureate (IB) testing rates, AP/IB exam passage rates, and the percentage of AP/IB exam scores at or above the criterion that may exist among Texas public high school students from 2001 to 2012 to ascertain (a) the…

Post-Infectious IBS (IBS-PI)

MedlinePlus

... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ...

I Think, Therefore I.B.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frutiger, Doug

1991-01-01

Describes the economics course that makes up part of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program at a Georgia high school. Emphasizes the international outlook of the program with its focus on international economic relationships and comparisons. Includes discussion of sections on international trade, economic growth and development, and…

Equality or Equity, Player or Guardian? The Dutch Government and Its Role in Providing Access Opportunities for Government Sponsored International Secondary Education, 1979-2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prickarts, Boris

2010-01-01

This article focuses on the Dutch government's International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Programme (DP) Pilot, allowing Dutch pre-university students to take part in the IB DP. Is it likely to create "equal", or rather "equitable", access opportunities for government-sponsored Dutch international secondary schools? The article…

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in U.S. Catholic High Schools: An Answer to the Church's Call to Global Solidarity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, John

2012-01-01

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme provides an academically challenging curriculum that when combined with moral and religious formation prepares graduates of Catholic secondary schools to succeed in college and to live as Christian citizens in an interconnected global society. Although the financial cost of the program is high,…

The Male-Female Gap in Post-Baccalaureate Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stevenson, Adam

2009-01-01

I investigate the nexus of gender, student ability, and post-baccalaureate (PB) program quality. This is the first general empirical study of graduate and professional educational investment to consider inter-field differences in quality and gender composition. A primary goal of this dissertation is to establish whether admissions policy can…

The IRSC Baccalaureate Transition Team: Leading Change in a Culture of Communication, Collaboration, and Creativity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massey, Edwin R.; Locke, Mary G.; Neuhard, Ian P.

2009-01-01

No other Florida community college has successfully developed and launched nine baccalaureate degree programs at one time. Indian River State College accomplished this goal--and gained Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS) Level II accreditation--in 12 months by establishing a college-wide Baccalaureate Transition Team within a…

Tutoring deaf students in higher education: a comparison of baccalaureate and sub-baccalaureate student perceptions.

PubMed

Lang, Harry G; Biser, Eileen; Mousley, Keith; Orlando, Richard; Porter, Jeff

2004-01-01

Seventy-three deaf college students completed a survey examining perceptions about tutoring outcomes and emphases, characteristics of tutors, and responsibilities associated with learning through tutoring. The comparisons revealed that while baccalaureate and sub-baccalaureate students have many similar perceptions about tutoring, there are also some striking differences. In particular, as compared to the sub-baccalaureate students, baccalaureate students have a stronger preference for focusing on course content and for working with tutors who actively involve them during the tutoring sessions. In addition, baccalaureate students prefer to decide the focus of the tutoring themselves while sub-baccalaureate students tend to leave the decision to the tutor. The results of the analyses with three scales measuring perceptions of tutoring dimensions are summarized and recommendations for the selection and preparation of tutors, as well as for future research, are provided.

Using "Competing Visions of Human Rights" in an International IB World School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tolley, William J.

2013-01-01

William Tolley, a teaching fellow with the Choices Program, is the Learning and Innovation Coach and head of history at the International School of Curitiba, Brazil (IB). He writes in this article that he has found that the "Competing Visions of Human Rights" teaching unit, developed by Brown University's Choices Program, provides a…

Advanced Academic Participation: A Longitudinal Analysis of Ethnicity Gaps in Suburban Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kettler, Todd; Hurst, Luke T.

2017-01-01

Participation in advanced academic programs such as Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) has been associated with higher student achievement and college readiness. In addition, AP and IB are widely recommended and implemented as services for gifted and talented students. Students who participate in these programs tend to be…

Chapman-Cook' complex reading comprehension test: better performances for aged participants in comparison with youngers for level of schooling lower than baccalaureate.

PubMed

Goize, Marine; Dellacherie, Delphine; Pincin, Pauline; Henry, Audrey; Bakchine, Serge; Ehrlé, Nathalie

2018-06-01

We studied the comprehension abilities of healthy participants with a French version of the Chapman-Cook Speed of Reading Test. The objective was to assess the effect of gender, age and educational level on chronometric performances and errors. In this test, the task is to cross out an inappropriate word within short passages. In the original version, the participant is told to perform as quickly as possible during 150 seconds. The score is usually the number of passages correctly completed within this time limit. In the present study, we measured the time to achieve the first 10 passages, the first 14 passages corresponding to the first page and the total (29 passages) corresponding to the two pages. The number of errors was also considered. The normative sample included 150 participants (63 males; 87 females) with three educational level (47: superior to baccalaureate; 21: baccalaureate and 78: inferior to baccalaureate). Age was between 20 and 69 years old, divided in 5 age groups, without neurological or psychiatric disease, or cognitive abnormal development. All were French native speaking and have been schooling in France. For time completion, no effect of gender was found, but a significant and unexpected effect of age was shown according to educational level. Whereas the age groups obtained similar times for educational levels superior to baccalaureate, an age effect was demonstrated for the educational level inferior to baccalaureate. Participants over 40 years of age were faster than younger participants with the same educational level and similar than all age groups of higher educational level. On the contrary, young participants were slower compared to those with high educational levels and all older participants without baccalaureate. This surprising result is discussed.

Human Rights Education and the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Froman, Nica

2015-01-01

In 2003, the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP)--a program implemented in thousands of schools globally--introduced a human rights course (Makivirta, 2003). This curriculum is the first of its kind to hold potential widespread influence on human rights education in the formal education sector. In this study, I analyze the…

IBS Diet

MedlinePlus

... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ...

Teaching and Learning vs. "Doing School": The Impact of Rigorous Curriculum on Student Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarva, Carly Kristin

2013-01-01

"I think what I learned in the IB [International Baccalaureate] program...well, in a way I felt like--have you read Great Expectations? When Pip gets the stipend from the mysterious person and he's walking out and the clouds are lifting up and he can see all the possibilities--that's how I felt with the IB program." -Student reflection…

The Community College Baccalaureate Movement: Cutting-Edge Dissertation Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hrabak, Michael R.

2009-01-01

In this review of dissertations, the researcher presents summaries of 10 of the most recent and cutting-edge dissertations focusing on the ever-growing and complex field of the community college baccalaureate movement. These studies focus on the gamut of specific legislation, case studies of particular programs and schools, financing of such…

A Descriptive Analysis of the 2-Year to 4-Year Criminal Justice Baccalaureate Degree Program at the Miami Dade College, School of Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman Lerner, Debbie

2017-01-01

A critical review and structured analysis of data spanning a ten-year period will be provided. The chapter submitted will present a descriptive analysis of the conversion of the 2-year to 4-year Criminal Justice Baccalaureate degree program at the Miami Dade College, School of Justice. Miami Dade College, the largest degree-granting educational…

Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate: Do They Deserve Gold Star Status?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Byrd, Sheila

2007-01-01

For many people committed to strong academic standards, the "advanced" high school courses offered through the College Board's Advanced Placement program and, increasingly, the Diploma Programme of the International Baccalaureate Organisation (IBO) represent the curricular gold standard for secondary education. Admissions directors and…

The Relationship between Thinking Style Differences and Career Choices for High-Achieving Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kim, Mihyeon

2011-01-01

The intent of this study was to present information about high-achieving students' career decision making associated with thinking styles. We gathered data from two International Baccalaureate (IB) programs and a Governor's School Program with a sample of 209 high-school students. The findings of this study demonstrated that the effect of program…

Advanced high school biology in an era of rapid change: a summary of the biology panel report from the NRC Committee on Programs for Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in American High Schools.

PubMed

Wood, William B

2002-01-01

A recently released National Research Council (NRC) report, Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools, evaluated and recommended changes in the Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), and other advanced secondary school science programs. As part of this study, discipline-specific panels were formed to evaluate advanced programs in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Among the conclusions of the Content Panel for Biology were that AP courses in particular suffer from inadequate quality control as well as excessive pressure to fulfill their advanced placement function, which encourages teachers to attempt coverage of all areas of biology and emphasize memorization of facts rather than in-depth understanding. In this essay, the Panel's principal findings are discussed, with an emphasis on its recommendation that colleges and universities should be strongly discouraged from using performance on either the AP examination or the IB examination as the sole basis for automatic placement out of required introductory courses for biology majors and distribution requirements for nonmajors.

Advanced High School Biology in an Era of Rapid Change: A Summary of the Biology Panel Report from the NRC Committee on Programs for Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in American High Schools

PubMed Central

2002-01-01

A recently released National Research Council (NRC) report, Learning and Understanding: Improving Advanced Study of Mathematics and Science in U.S. High Schools, evaluated and recommended changes in the Advanced Placement (AP), International Baccalaureate (IB), and other advanced secondary school science programs. As part of this study, discipline-specific panels were formed to evaluate advanced programs in biology, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. Among the conclusions of the Content Panel for Biology were that AP courses in particular suffer from inadequate quality control as well as excessive pressure to fulfill their advanced placement function, which encourages teachers to attempt coverage of all areas of biology and emphasize memorization of facts rather than in-depth understanding. In this essay, the Panel's principal findings are discussed, with an emphasis on its recommendation that colleges and universities should be strongly discouraged from using performance on either the AP examination or the IB examination as the sole basis for automatic placement out of required introductory courses for biology majors and distribution requirements for nonmajors. PMID:12669097

Introduction to IBS

MedlinePlus

... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ...

The California Community College Baccalaureate Degree Pilot Program: A Case Study of Baccalaureate Degree Implementation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yeager, Susan Cadavid

2017-01-01

This case study examined the implementation of a baccalaureate degree at Skyline Community College--one of the 15 California community colleges authorized to offer baccalaureate degrees established as part of a pilot program enacted by the California Legislature via Senate Bill 850 (2014). The study explored the policies and procedures in place at…

Supporting High School Students in Accelerated Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Suldo, Shannon M.; O'Brennan, Lindsey; Storey, Elizabeth D.; Shaunessy-Dedrick, Elizabeth

2018-01-01

Although Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate (AP/IB) students may not be the most obvious group of adolescents in need of extra supports, this population has salient and unique risk factors in need of specialized services, such as elevated perceived stress levels. The heightened academic demands placed on these students is an…

The Vocational Baccalaureate: A Gateway to Higher Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gendron, Benedicte

2009-01-01

Access to the baccalaureate and higher education in France has become more democratic. The introduction of the vocational baccalaureate has been part of this process, but remains a modest step forward given the very low take-up of vocational baccalaureate courses. If vocational education pathways in France are to become true gateways to higher…

The Emergence of the International Baccalaureate Diploma in Ontario: Diffusion, Pilot Study and Prospective Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tarc, Paul; Beatty, Luke

2012-01-01

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Program (IBDP), created in the field of international schools in the late 1960s, has made considerable in-roads into publicly-funded schooling in many educational jurisdictions of the Anglo-West. Although the IBDP did not enter into the Ontario public system until 1991, there are now forty-four (and growing)…

Registered Nurse Persistence in Baccalaureate Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krov, Kathleen Nadler

2010-01-01

There is a need to increase the number of baccalaureate prepared registered nurses to safely meet the complex healthcare needs of citizens of the United States. Since there is no research on the characteristics of registered nurse students persisting in baccalaureate education, this quantitative descriptive case study was designed to identify the…

Progress in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate in SREB States. Challenge to Lead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaye, Rebecca Daugherty

2006-01-01

Southern Regional Education Board (SREB) states lead the nation in student participation in Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs. SREB states know that getting students engaged in a challenging high school curriculum is the most important step they can take to promote college readiness. Advanced Placement (AP) courses and…

The University-Center Baccalaureate Degree in California: A Multiple Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rhoades, Jeffrey T.

2014-01-01

The community college baccalaureate and the university-center baccalaureate models are gaining traction in the state of California as alternatives to addressing the need for greater access to baccalaureate degree programs and to increase the baccalaureate-educated workforce. Little is known about the characteristics and factors associated with the…

Baccalaureate nursing education at extension sites: a survey.

PubMed

Tiffany, J C; Burson, J Z

1986-03-01

The use of extension sites in baccalaureate nursing education has increased significantly since 1978. This survey found that the majority of extension sites were developed for RNs although large numbers of generic students are also served. The use of extension sites ranges from delivering selected courses away from the lead campus to delivering an entire program. Extension sites may be located on other university campuses or may be found in a store front setting or other community agency. Administrative control of extension sites emanates from the lead campus. Faculty participation in faculty activities, such as school of nursing or university committees, is expected. The degree to which this is accomplished, however, may vary. In order to maintain program integrity, the curriculum must remain the same regardless of where it is implemented. One of the primary ways of doing this is to use the same syllabi, texts and, in many cases, the same exams. Faculty may be stationary at established extended sites or may travel from the lead campus to teach, carrying with them educational materials. Extension sites are a phenomenon of the here and now. They provide a way of delivering baccalaureate nursing education to students who might otherwise be denied this level of education. Extension sites may be operationally cumbersome, challenging, and costly, but they are meeting a need. With the advent of more sophisticated telecommunications and the continued demand for baccalaureate level education, the possibility exists for even greater variation and potential for this type of program.

Forging Professional Learning Communities: The Role of External Agency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sperandio, Jill; Kong, Peggy A.

2018-01-01

This article explored the effects of external agency on the establishment of professional learning communities (PLCs). The research was undertaken in the context of schools that have chosen to adopt the Primary Years Programme (PYP) of the International Baccalaureate (IB) worldwide. The study employed a two-stage qualitative sequential design…

Additional Language Teaching within the International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme: A Comparative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lebreton, Marlène

2014-01-01

The International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme supports the learning of languages and cultures, but the role of the additional language within this programme is often unclear. There remains a great variability in schools regarding the frequency of lessons and the way that the additional language is taught within the Primary Years…

Baccalaureate Dental Hygiene Education: Creating a Reality.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wayman, Dona E.

1985-01-01

Inherent in the meaning of baccalaureate dental hygiene education is the offering of upper-division courses in the theory and practice of dental hygiene itself. Restructuring the associate programs as strictly two-year, lower-division programs would require standardization of baccalaureate programs as strictly upper-division curricula. (MLW)

The International Baccalaureate Diploma Program and Gifted Learners: A Comparative Study of Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Frost, Denise Stewart

2011-01-01

The problem is that some secondary schools use the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program to service gifted students even though it was not developed as a gifted model. The purpose of the study is to determine if gifted identified students benefit more or less academically than students not identified as gifted as a result of their…

The Work Experience Component of an Ontario College Baccalaureate Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donohue, Marguerite M.; Skolnik, Michael L.

2012-01-01

Community colleges in Canada began offering baccalaureate programs in the 1990s. Presently community colleges in four of the five largest provinces of Canada are eligible to submit applications to the relevant government ministry or agency for baccalaureate programs. The authors estimate that about 135 baccalaureate programs are now being offered…

Faculty and student perceptions about attendance policies in baccalaureate nursing programs.

PubMed

Ruth-Sahd, Lisa A; Schneider, Melissa A

2014-01-01

To understand perceptions of faculty and students about attendance policies in baccalaureate nursing programs. Classroom attendance is an issue of debate across academic disciplines. A mixed-methods study was conducted using qualitative data from a stratified random sample of 65 accredited baccalaureate nursing programs; 591 students and 91 faculty from 19 schools responded. Sixty-two percent of faculty thought students who missed class exhibited unprofessional behavior; 69 percent believed students who missed class were less successful in the clinical setting. Students (57 percent) and faculty (66 percent) believed there should be an attendance policy. Twenty-nine students reported needing a break in workload (16.8 percent) or did not find class time valuable (11.8 percent). Variability exists in student and faculty beliefs regarding attendance policies. Understanding these viewpoints and utilizing creative teaching approaches will facilitate learning and create an environment of teamwork and mutual respect.

Programs that Internationalize Nursing Curricula in Baccalaureate Schools of Nursing in the United States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindquist, Gay J.

1986-01-01

Results of a national survey of baccalaureate nursing programs are presented concerning programs for study abroad, international exchange programs, and other approaches to internationalizing nursing curricula, including courses dealing with health care and nursing in foreign countries. (Author/MSE)

An Innovative Baccalaureate Degree: Applied versus Traditional

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arney, Janna B.; Hardebeck, Suzanne; Estrada, Joselito; Permenter, Vivian

2006-01-01

The bachelor of applied arts and sciences (BAAS) degree is a baccalaureate program designed to meet the needs of nontraditional students by allowing technical hours to be transferred for credit to a baccalaureate degree. To determine if the university was positively serving the needs of its constituents, salaries of BAAS graduates were compared to…

Charlotte, N.C.'s Project L.I.F.T.: Ranson IB Middle School Launches an Opportunty Culture. An Opportunity Culture Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barrett, Sharon Kebschull; Han, Jiye Grace

2015-01-01

Principal Alison Harris is blunt in describing what she confronted on her arrival to Ranson IB Middle School in 2011. "I was placed in what many people would call an impossible situation," she says. During her initial visit to the school in 2009-10, she watched as students changed classes--while teachers pressed against the lockers to…

Intercultural Competence of Students in International Baccalaureate World Schools in Turkey and Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demircioglu, Serife; Cakir, Cemal

2016-01-01

This study investigates intercultural competence of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) students and non-IBDP students and whether it is affected by some variants such as grade, gender, nationality, being a native speaker of English, living in an English speaking country and travelling abroad. The data is gathered from the…

Guidelines and Criteria to Assess Singing and Music Training in Baccalaureate Music Theater Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleming-DeBerger, Rachelle

2011-01-01

Within the last twenty years there have been a growing number of prospective students interested in pursuing musical theater (MT) training in colleges and universities throughout the United States. To meet this demand, the number of schools offering baccalaureate MT degrees has also grown. However, information on how to assess the music and…

Faculty role modeling of professional writing: one baccalaureate nursing program's experience.

PubMed

Newton, Sarah E

2008-01-01

According to The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice (American Association of Colleges of Nursing, 1998), professional writing is an important outcome of baccalaureate nursing education. Most baccalaureate nursing programs in the United States expect formally written student papers to adhere to the style requirements outlined in the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association (APA, 2001). It is essential for the baccalaureate nursing faculty members who evaluate student papers to be role models for the desired writing behaviors to facilitate student attainment of professional writing outcomes. However, to what extent nursing faculty members' writing behaviors and knowledge of the APA style requirements impact student writing outcomes is not known because the issue has not been addressed in the literature. The purpose of this article is to describe one Midwestern baccalaureate nursing program's faculty development efforts to assess faculty familiarity with the APA style requirements and how such knowledge may impact baccalaureate nursing students' writing outcomes.

Motivating Factors behind Latinas Earning a Baccalaureate Degree

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizaga Marron, Aryca

2014-01-01

Two concerns served the impetus for this study. Limited literature has created a research gap exploring why Latinas earn baccalaureate degrees from extended universities, and the community central to the study has been lagging behind state and national baccalaureate degree attainment. The researcher employed mixed-methods to describe motivating…

Increasing Time to Baccalaureate Degree in the United States. NBER Working Paper No. 15892

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bound, John; Lovenheim, Michael F.; Turner, Sarah

2010-01-01

Time to completion of the baccalaureate degree has increased markedly in the United States over the last three decades, even as the wage premium for college graduates has continued to rise. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of the High School Class of 1972 and the National Educational Longitudinal Study of 1988, we show that the…

Moving to higher ground: Closing the high school science achievement gap

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mebane, Joyce Graham

The purpose of this study was to examine the perceptions of West High School constituents (students, parents, teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors) about the readiness and interest of African American students at West High School to take Advanced Placement (AP) and International Baccalaureate (IB) science courses as a strategy for closing the achievement gap. This case study utilized individual interviews and questionnaires for data collection. The participants were selected biology students and their parents, teachers, administrators, and guidance counselors at West High School. The results of the study indicated that just over half the students and teachers, most parents, and all guidance counselors thought African American students were prepared to take AP science courses. Only one of the three administrators thought the students were prepared to take AP science courses. Between one-half and two-thirds of the students, parents, teachers, and administrators thought students were interested in taking an AP science course. Only two of the guidance counselors thought there was interest among the African American students in taking AP science courses. The general consensus among the constituents about the readiness and interest of African American students at West High School to take IB science courses was that it is too early in the process to really make definitive statements. West is a prospective IB school and the program is new and not yet in place. Educators at the West High School community must find reasons to expect each student to succeed. Lower expectations often translate into lower academic demands and less rigor in courses. Lower academic demands and less rigor in courses translate into less than adequate performance by students. When teachers and administrators maintain high expectations, they encourage students to aim high rather than slide by with mediocre effort (Lumsden, 1997). As a result of the study, the following suggestions should

The Technical Baccalaureate: Providing Excellence in Vocational Education?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Acquah, Daniel K.; Malpass, Debra

2017-01-01

Proposals for a technical baccalaureate have received cross-party support in England. The technical baccalaureate is intended to deliver the necessary training to enable young people to fill the UK's skills gap in intermediate-level occupations in STEM and other sectors. This paper explores how to design and implement a high-quality technical…

Establishment of an Off-Campus Baccalaureate Nursing Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ostmoe, Patricia M.

In an effort to prepare more baccalaureate level nurses for the rural areas of central Wisconsin and to accommodate the educational needs of geographically bound nontraditional students, a basic baccalaureate nursing program was established at an off-campus site. This University of Wisconsin-Eau Claire program is offered in cooperation with two…

The Experiences of Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Diploma Program Participants: A Systematic Review of Qualitative Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Park, Kelly; Caine, Vera; Wimmer, Randolph

2014-01-01

Enriched high school curricula like the Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Diploma programs are endorsed as "pathway programs" for postsecondary-bound students. Program participation is perceived to have benefits that appeal to a broad stakeholder group of universities, administrators, teachers, students, and parents. In…

Relaxation Techniques to Manage IBS Symptoms

MedlinePlus

... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ... IBS Patients' Experience and Unmet Needs IBS and Holidays Personal Stories IBS Awareness Month IBS Awareness Month ...

Teaching experiences of second degree accelerated baccalaureate nursing faculty.

PubMed

Cangelosi, Pamela R

2013-11-19

Despite the extraordinary growth of accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs, little research has been conducted about the experiences of faculty teaching these students. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this study explored the experiences of 14 accelerated second degree baccalaureate faculty from the eastern region of the United States. The data revealed that many faculty teaching second degree students feel unprepared and want guidance on how to teach these students, which was identified in the theme, Figuring It Out On My Own. This article describes this study and the implications of this theme for faculty recruitment and retention in accelerated second degree baccalaureate nursing programs.

Year 3 Magnet Schools Assistance Program Annual Progress Report, 2009-10. E&R Report No. 10.09

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brasfield, Jon; Cárdenas, Virginia

2010-01-01

The three Magnet Schools Assistance Program (MSAP) schools: East Garner International Baccalaureate Magnet Middle School (EGMMS), Garner International Baccalaureate Magnet High School (GMHS), and Southeast Raleigh Leadership and Technology Magnet High School (SRMHS) have shown progress on MSAP performance measures during the 3rd year of the grant.…

Critical Reflections on Modern Elite Formation and Social Differentiation in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Outhwaite, Deborah; Ferri, Giuliana

2017-01-01

This paper investigates the changes in educational policy in England regarding the implementing of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (henceforth IBDP) into post-16 (sixth form) education. The aim is to illustrate the unique trajectory of the IBDP in England: from its adoption in schools and colleges across the country, to its…

Gastrointestinal (GI) permeability is associated with trait anxiety in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

FAP and IBS affect 10-15% of school age children and bear many physiological similarities to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults (e.g., functional pain, visceral hyperalgesia). Animal models of IBS have suggested a relationship between neonatal stress and increased GI permeability later in life...

Aspirations and Tensions in Developing International Mindedness: Case Study of Two Students in an IB School in an Indian Ocean Island Nation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poonoosamy, Mico

2016-01-01

International mindedness is considered by many educational researchers and organizations as a determining feature in international education. This article used data as part of a PhD case study inquiry to explore how international mindedness is developed by two students in an IB school in an Indian Ocean Island Nation. Through a qualitative…

First-year success in a nursing baccalaureate plan of study: A descriptive research study.

PubMed

Ott, Vivian; Thomas, Jessica A; Fernando, Harshini

2018-08-01

Predicting students' aptitude for post-secondary success remains a widely studied topic. This descriptive study explored demographic variables contributing to success in quantitative courses required by the nursing degree plan. Identification of an "at risk" student profile may inform interventions with which to support attainment of an academic degree. The purpose of this study was to examine the associations between demographic characteristics and successful completion of baccalaureate nursing courses thought to enhance quantitative reasoning skills: first-year math, first-year chemistry, and second-year pathopharmacology nursing. This retrospective analysis accessed 4521 academic records of students who took these three courses at a United States university sometime between Fall 2008 and Fall 2015. De-identified student data included course grades, gender, full-time study, income, marital status, first generation, secondary school (also known as high school) location, dual credit, and high school and university grade point averages. Descriptive statistical analysis was conducted to describe the important features of the data. Of the 4521 records, 2556 undergraduates (57%) passed the courses in which they were enrolled. Among successful students, females outnumbered males (66%), ages ranged from 20 to 24 years, 86% were classified as low income, 54% fit the designation of first generation, and 12% earned dual credit (university credit during secondary school). Our data demonstrate a positive relationship between dual credit and success, with the strongest correlation (0.62) noted for students in pathopharmacology. In the baccalaureate-nursing plan of study, courses thought to enhance students' quantitative reasoning skills remain difficult for some to successfully complete. We conclude that the more successful students tend to be older, have a higher income, and a higher high school grade point average, while those less successful are directly out of high

Intercultural Competence of English Language Teachers in International Baccalaureate World Schools in Turkey and Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demircioglu, Serife; Çakir, Cemal

2015-01-01

The study explores the opinions and attitudes of International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) English language teachers from Turkey, the USA, the UK, New Zealand and Spain on intercultural language teaching. 16 teachers from Turkey, 15 teachers from the USA, 11 teachers from the UK, 10 teachers from New Zealand and 8 teachers from Spain,…

Voices of faculty of second-degree baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Cangelosi, Pamela R; Moss, Margaret M

2010-03-01

The limited research related to accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing programs primarily focuses on curricular issues or student experiences. The purpose of this study was to focus on the experiences of faculty teaching these students. Using a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, 14 second-degree faculty from the East Coast region of the United States were interviewed to understand their experiences teaching accelerated second-degree baccalaureate nursing students and how these experiences helped or hindered their teaching and learning practices with these students. The challenges associated with teaching these students were identified in the themes At the Top of My Game and Teaching to Think Like a Nurse. This article describes this study and the implications for teaching accelerated second-degree baccalaureate students. Copyright 2010, SLACK Incorporated.

[Validation of the IBS-SSS].

PubMed

Betz, C; Mannsdörfer, K; Bischoff, S C

2013-10-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder characterised by abdominal pain, associated with stool abnormalities and changes in stool consistency. Diagnosis of IBS is based on characteristic symptoms and exclusion of other gastrointestinal diseases. A number of questionnaires exist to assist diagnosis and assessment of severity of the disease. One of these is the irritable bowel syndrome - severity scoring system (IBS-SSS). The IBS-SSS was validated 1997 in its English version. In the present study, the IBS-SSS has been validated in German language. To do this, a cohort of 60 patients with IBS according to the Rome III criteria, was compared with a control group of healthy individuals (n = 38). We studied sensitivity and reproducibility of the score, as well as the sensitivity to detect changes of symptom severity. The results of the German validation largely reflect the results of the English validation. The German version of the IBS-SSS is also a valid, meaningful and reproducible questionnaire with a high sensitivity to assess changes in symptom severity, especially in IBS patients with moderate symptoms. It is unclear if the IBS-SSS is also a valid questionnaire in IBS patients with severe symptoms because this group of patients was not studied. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Psychology Baccalaureates at Work: Major Area Subspecializations, Earnings, and Occupations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rajecki, D. W.

2012-01-01

A Census Bureau national survey identified baccalaureates aged up to 64 years having major area subspecializations labeled "psychology," "industrial/organizational (I/O) psychology," and "counseling psychology." Median 2009 earnings of all such types of baccalaureate psychology alumni were well below the distribution mean of the 153 fields in the…

The Adult Learner and the Applied Baccalaureate: Emerging Lessons for State and Local Implementation. In Brief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bragg, Debra D.; Townsend, Barbara K.; Ruud, Collin M.

2009-01-01

In the nation's changing economy, there is an increasing necessity for baccalaureate level education for jobs that have never before required that level of education. One potential solution to issues related to baccalaureate attainment and workforce development is the applied baccalaureate degree. Applied baccalaureate degrees have arisen from a…

Baccalaureate education in nursing and patient outcomes.

PubMed

Blegen, Mary A; Goode, Colleen J; Park, Shin Hye; Vaughn, Thomas; Spetz, Joanne

2013-02-01

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of registered nurse (RN) education by determining whether nurse-sensitive patient outcomes were better in hospitals with a higher proportion of RNs with baccalaureate degrees. The Future of Nursing report recommends increasing the percentage of RNs with baccalaureate degrees from 50% to 80% by 2020. Research has linked RN education levels to hospital mortality rates but not with other nurse-sensitive outcomes. This was a cross-sectional study that, with the use of data from 21 University HealthSystem Consortium hospitals, analyzed the association between RN education and patient outcomes (risk-adjusted patient safety and quality of care indicators), controlling for nurse staffing and hospital characteristics. Hospitals with a higher percentage of RNs with baccalaureate or higher degrees had lower congestive heart failure mortality, decubitus ulcers, failure to rescue, and postoperative deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism and shorter length of stay. The recommendation of the Future of Nursing report to increase RN education levels is supported by these findings.

Hypnosis for IBS

MedlinePlus

... the treatment options for IBS. Other psychological methods, cognitive therapy in particular, are also effective options. Hypnosis may ... Medications Probiotics and Antibiotics Psychological Treatments Understanding Stress Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Relaxation Techniques for IBS Take Part in Online ...

Consolidated Transfer Report. Transfer Policy and Upper-Division Baccalaureate Capacity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2006

2006-01-01

Transfer is a primary strategy for providing access to baccalaureate-level education in Washington State. For thousands of students, transfer is an effective and efficient way to complete their studies. About 41 percent of the 16,800 students awarded degrees at Washington public baccalaureate institutions in the 2000-2001 academic year had…

Postsecondary Progression of 1993-94 Florida Public High School Graduates: 2002 Update.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Florida State Council for Education Policy, Research and Improvement, Tallahassee.

This status report documents the postsecondary progress of the 1993-1994 Florida public high school graduating class through the spring term of 2001, or 7 years after high school graduation. The two major outcomes addressed were baccalaureate degree completion and the time/credit hours to baccalaureate degree completion. The study focused on…

Factors that Influence Participation of Students in Secondary Science and Mathematics Subjects in IB Schools Outside of the United States and Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Straffon, Elizabeth

The purpose of this study was to investigate factors that affect the extent of international secondary students' participation in International Baccalaureate science and mathematics courses. The factors examined were gender, home region, size, percent host culture and age of the program, and coeducational and legal status of the school. Participation in math and science subjects was determined by analyzing the level and number of courses taken by students taking International Baccalaureate exams in 2010. Chi-Square and Cramer's V analysis were used to measure the effect of categorical variables on student participation and One-Way ANOVA and Bonferroni comparison of means were used to analyze the quantitative variables. All categorical variables were statistically significant (p<.01). Home region was the most important factor affecting participation in both math and science. Students from East, Southeast and South-Central Asia; and Eastern Europe have greater participation in math. The highest science participation came from students in East, Southern and Western Africa; and Southeast Asia. Top participators in science came from Australia/New Zealand, Northern Europe, East Africa and South-Central and Western Asia. State schools showed higher math and science participation. Science and math participation was also greater in all-male schools though associations were weak. Boys participated more than girls, especially in math. All quantitative variables were statistically significant. The program size had the largest effect size for both math and science with larger programs showing more participation at the higher level. A decreasing trend for age of the program and percent host culture was found for math participation. Three years of participation data were collected from an international school in Western Europe (n = 194). Variables included the influence of parent occupation, math preparedness (PSAT-Math), student achievement (GPA), and the importance of

▼ Eluxadoline for IBS-D.

PubMed

2017-08-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a chronic relapsing gastrointestinal problem characterised by intestinal pain and associated alterations of defecation and/or bowel habit (constipation: IBS-C or diarrhoea: IBS-D). 1,2 Opioid receptors in the gut have a role in gastrointestinal motility, secretion and sensation. 3 Τ Eluxadoline (Truberzi-Allergan) is a locally acting, mixed opioid receptor agonist/antagonist licensed for the treatment of IBS-D in adults. 4 Here, we consider the evidence for eluxadoline and how it fts with current management strategies for IBS-D. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

The Role of the Community College in Baccalaureate Attainment at a Private Liberal Arts College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cejda, Brent D.

1999-01-01

The different roles that community colleges play in baccalaureate attainment are defined. Data is presented on 577 baccalaureate graduates who used credits earned at a community college toward their four-year degree. The findings support the contention that aggregate data masks community college contributions to baccalaureate education. Contains…

Factors that Influence Faculty Intentions to Support the Community College Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kielty, Lori

2010-01-01

An increasing number of community colleges in the United States are becoming baccalaureate-granting institutions. Proponents of the community college baccalaureate (CCB) argue that the CCB provides students with access to higher education, while others argue the CCB will compromise the community college's core values. The purpose of this study…

Anxiety and IBS revisited: ten years later.

PubMed

Popa, Stefan-Lucian; Dumitrascu, Dan Lucian

2015-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with high prevalence of psychological and psychiatric disorders. However, the association between IBS and each of its subtypes (diarrhea IBS-D, constipation IBS-C, mixed IBS-M) with anxiety still remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to perform a comparative analysis of the association between anxiety and IBS on a period of ten years. PubMed was searched for studies analyzing IBS and anxiety, published at 10 years interval. The study presents a comparative analysis of the articles that were published between 2003-2005 and 2013-2015, investigating the correlation between anxiety and IBS. The initial search identified 220 articles, from which 156 were published between 2013 and 2015, and 64 were published between 2003 and 2005. Of these articles, 15 articles were included in the review. Out of these 15 articles, 10 articles analyzed the correlation between anxiety-depression status in IBS patients using specific questionnaires, 2 articles analyzed genetic variables in IBS, 1 article analyzed serotonin and monoamine oxidase levels in IBS, 1 article analyzed serum levels of IL-1β and IL-10 in IBS, 1 article analyzed somatostatin and vasoactive intestinal peptide levels in IBS. The result was a review of 15 studies that analyzed the association between IBS and anxiety. IBS is a heterogeneous disorder caused by numerous psychological, immunological, infectious, endocrine and genetic factors. In recent years, the number of studies concentrating on genetic factors, cytokines and hormones has increased in comparison with the 2003-2005 period, when clinical investigation, using mainly questionnaires was the essential method. Also, the total number of papers investigating anxiety and IBS, considerably increased. The recent studies have confirmed the fact that IBS symptoms are often exacerbated during stressful events and the psychiatric treatment has a positive effect on gastro-intestinal symptomatology.

Prevalence of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), Migraine and Co-Existing IBS-Migraine in Medical Students.

PubMed

Perveen, Irin; Parvin, Rukhsana; Saha, Madhusudan; Bari, Md Shafiqul; Huda, Md Nazmul; Ghosh, Mridul Kanti

2016-11-01

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) and migraine frequently co-exist. Stress is a major contributing factor for both. Our medical students are subjected to stress related to the implicit responsibility of courses. But the prevalence of IBS, migraine and co-existing migraine in medical students is not known. To estimate the prevalence of migraine, IBS and co-existing IBS and migraine among medical students. A Cross-Sectional Survey. Self-reported questionnaire based study, was conducted in which migraine was defined according to International Headache Society (IHS) criteria while IBS by both Asian criteria and Rome III criteria. Both preclinical (n=142) and clinical students (n=151) of four medical colleges (government and private) of Dhaka and Sylhet district participated in the study. Statistical Analysis: Student's t-test and chi-square test were used to compare the distributions of continuous data and categorical data respectively with significance level set at 0.05 or less. Among the 293 students (mean age 21.09 ± 2.24 years) volunteered in the study (Males= 177), 14 (4.8%, 11 males, 3 females, p = 0.175) met the criteria for IBS with comparable prevalence among preclinical and clinical (4.2% vs. 5.3%, p = 0.787) students from both private and government institutions (2.1% vs. 7.2%, p = 0.055). IBS-D was the most prevalent subtype (n = 8, M = 6) and abdominal pain relieved by defecation (n = 11), was the most prevalent symptom. Fifty percent (n = 7) of IBS patients considered their bowel habit as normal. Among the 221 (75.4%) students with headache, only 51 (17.4%, 20 males and 31 females, p = 0.001) were diagnosed of migraine, with comparable prevalence among preclinical and clinical students (16.2% vs. 18.5%, p = 0.645). Only 17 (33%) subjects with migraine had accompanying aura. Common triggers were stress (n = 43), lack of sleep (n = 42), and daily life events. Twelve (23.5%) subjects with migraine had migraine-associated frequent disability. Only two female

Perceptions and Reflections of Administrators: Community Colleges Transitioning to Baccalaureate Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bemmel, Edwin P.; Floyd, Deborah L.; Bryan, Valerie C.

2009-01-01

Community colleges in a number of states are expanding their roles to include baccalaureate degree programming. While the lower cost for delivery of these programs is often a motivating reason for community college baccalaureate, other factors also make these programs attractive alternatives. This article reports the findings of a case study that…

Take the IBS Test

MedlinePlus

... Committed to Quality in Patient Care TAKE THE IBS TEST Do you have recurrent abdominal pain or ... have a real and treatable medical condition called irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Your doctor now has new information and ...

Post Program Earnings Differences between the Associate in Applied Science and Applied Baccalaureate Degrees: Companion Report to "Applied Baccalaureate Degrees: Policy and Outcomes Evaluation." Research Report 15-3

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, 2015

2015-01-01

Gainful employment and earnings to support a family living are significant policy goals of the applied baccalaureate program. Therefore, employment is an important metric to study; however, there are limitations in the data and process used in past reports that make understanding the true impact of applied baccalaureate programs on an individuals'…

Students' Perceptions of Baccalaureate Completion Programs at Community Colleges: A Qualitative Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schmitigal, Linda

2010-01-01

The purpose of this research is to understand the perceptions of baccalaureate-seeking, community college students regarding their academic preparation as they transfer to university courses. The literature supports both the need to help students persist to baccalaureate degrees and the difficulty transfer students face in this process. However,…

Issues Associated with Developing a Dental Hygiene Baccalaureate Completion Program in Florida

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Rebecca M.

2011-01-01

The American Dental Hygienists' Association (ADHA) and the American Dental Education Association (ADEA) supported the notion that the baccalaureate degree should be the entry-level degree for the dental hygiene profession. There was also clear evidence that there was a national shortage of baccalaureate-earned-minimum dental hygiene educators.…

Community College Students Who Earned Baccalaureate Degrees in Maryland, 1981 to 1987.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, Mike; And Others

Data are presented on the characteristics of community college transfer students who earned baccalaureate degrees in Maryland between 1981 and 1987. Tables and graphs cover the transfer status (i.e., native, community college transfer, four-year college transfer, or out-of-state transfer) of baccalaureate recipients, of graduates who were Maryland…

IBS for non-gaussian distributions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fedotov, A.; Sidorin, A.O.; Smirnov, A.V.

In many situations distribution can significantly deviate from Gaussian which requires accurate treatment of IBS. Our original interest in this problem was motivated by the need to have an accurate description of beam evolution due to IBS while distribution is strongly affected by the external electron cooling force. A variety of models with various degrees of approximation were developed and implemented in BETACOOL in the past to address this topic. A more complete treatment based on the friction coefficient and full 3-D diffusion tensor was introduced in BETACOOL at the end of 2007 under the name 'local IBS model'. Suchmore » a model allowed us calculation of IBS for an arbitrary beam distribution. The numerical benchmarking of this local IBS algorithm and its comparison with other models was reported before. In this paper, after briefly describing the model and its limitations, they present its comparison with available experimental data.« less

Education and Job Satisfaction: Are Baccalaureate Nurses More Satisfied with Their Jobs?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wright, Virginia B.; And Others

A study was done to learn about relative job satisfaction among nurses with baccalaureate degrees compared to nurses with associate nursing degrees. A job satisfaction survey was mailed in the summer of 1988 to a selected sample of 480 nursing graduates of a regional southeastern university. Seventy-two baccalaureate and 50 associate degree nurses…

Sources of stress for students in high school college preparatory and general education programs: group differences and associations with adjustment.

PubMed

Suldo, Shannon M; Shaunessy, Elizabeth; Thalji, Amanda; Michalowski, Jessica; Shaffer, Emily

2009-01-01

Navigating puberty while developing independent living skills may render adolescents particularly vulnerable to stress, which may ultimately contribute to mental health problems (Compas, Orosan, & Grant, 1993; Elgar, Arlett, & Groves, 2003). The academic transition to high school presents additional challenges as youth are required to interact with a new and larger peer group and manage greater academic expectations. For students enrolled in academically rigorous college preparatory programs, such as the International Baccalaureate (IB) program, the amount of stress perceived may be greater than typical (Suldo, Shaunessy, & Hardesty, 2008). This study investigated the environmental stressors and psychological adjustment of 162 students participating in the IB program and a comparison sample of 157 students in general education. Factor analysis indicated students experience 7 primary categories of stressors, which were examined in relation to students' adjustment specific to academic and psychological functioning. The primary source of stress experienced by IB students was related to academic requirements. In contrast, students in the general education program indicated higher levels of stressors associated with parent-child relations, academic struggles, conflict within family, and peer relations, as well as role transitions and societal problems. Comparisons of correlations between categories of stressors and students' adjustment by curriculum group reveal that students in the IB program reported more symptoms of psychopathology and reduced academic functioning as they experienced higher levels of stress, particularly stressors associated with academic requirements, transitions and societal problems, academic struggles, and extra-curricular activities. Applied implications stem from findings suggesting that students in college preparatory programs are more likely to (a) experience elevated stress related to academic demands as opposed to more typical adolescent

The Role of Genetics in IBS

PubMed Central

Saito, Yuri A.

2011-01-01

IBS is a common disorder that has been shown to aggregate in families, to affect multiple generations, but not in a manner consistent with a major Mendelian effect. Relatives of an individual with IBS are two to three times as likely to have IBS, with both genders being affected. The estimated genetic liability ranges between 1–20%, with heritability estimates ranging between 0–57%. Although the role of childhood events such as nasogastric tube placement, poor nutrition, abuse, and other stressors have been clearly associated with IBS, these factors have not been studied in families and are unlikely to completely explain the clustering of bowel dysfunction observed in family studies. Furthermore, the familial clustering of IBS does not appear to be explained by psychological traits, based on family studies as well as candidate gene studies of functional variants associated with other psychiatric disorders. To date, over a hundred genetic variants in over 60 genes from various pathways have been studied in a number of candidate gene studies with several positive associations reported. These findings suggest that there may be distinct, as well as shared, molecular underpinnings for IBS and its subtypes. Much new and confirmatory work remains to be performed to elucidate the role of specific genetic variants in IBS development, as well as the specific ways the genes and environment interact to result in IBS susceptibility. PMID:21333900

Novel Therapies in IBS-D Treatment.

PubMed

Nee, Judy; Zakari, Mohammed; Lembo, Anthony J

2015-12-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal disease characterized by abdominal pain and change in bowel habits. IBS diarrhea predominant (IBS-D), which is arguably the most common subset of IBS, is also associated with rectal urgency, increased frequency, abdominal bloating, and loose to watery stools. Current treatments for diarrhea include mu-opioid agonists (i.e., loperamide, lomotil) and bile acid sequestrants (i.e., cholestyramine) while treatments for abdominal pain include antispasmodics (i.e., hyoscyamine, dicyclomine) and tricyclic antidepressants (i.e., amitriptyline). There are currently 3 FDA-approved treatments for IBS-D, which have been shown to improve both abdominal pain and diarrhea. Alosetron was initially approved by FDA 2000; however, its use is now limited to women with severe IBS-D symptoms refractory to other treatment. Eluxadoline, a mixed mu-opioid agonist, and rifaximin, a broad spectrum gut specific antibiotic, were both FDA approved in 2015. Eluxadoline has been shown to relieve abdominal pain and stool consistency in appropriate candidates. While large trials already showed the efficacy of rifaximin in treating non-constipated IBS for bloating, stool consistency, and abdominal pain, the recent TARGET 3 trial demonstrates that retreatment is also effective. While these new treatments significantly expand options for patients suffering from IBS-D, there is likely to remain a need for additional safe and effective therapies.

Educating Bright Students in Urban Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cortes, Kalena E.; Moussab, Wael S.; Weinstein, Jeffrey M.

2013-01-01

Our study analyzes the impact of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme, a college-preparatory educational program designed for higher-achieving students, on high school academic achievement in Chicago Public Schools. We exploit exogenous variation in the offering of the program across schools over time with a difference-in-differences…

Hours to Graduation: A National Survey of Credit Hours Required for Baccalaureate Degrees.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pitter, Gita Wijesinghe; And Others

In the context of an increased emphasis on accountability in higher education and time taken to earn a baccalaureate degree, the Board of Regents of the State University System of Florida conducted a national survey of 75 public universities concerning the minimum credit hours required for the baccalaureate degree for various disciplines. The…

The Phenomenon of Learning: The Lived Experience of Distance Education Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Della Vecchia, Elaine T.

2010-01-01

The complex profession of nursing requires the practitioner to be knowledgeable, skilled, and autonomous. It is estimated that only 34.2% of today's nurses hold degrees at the baccalaureate level and above. Growing evidence indicating baccalaureate-degreed nurses are better prepared to meet the demands of this complex profession has led to…

Alternative Approaches to the Baccalaureate Psychology Thesis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Terry, Roger L.

1983-01-01

Undergraduate theses are an excellent method of providing paraprofessional research experience for psychology students. Describes some of the problems (and their remedies) in conducting and advising baccalaureate psychology theses, many of which were published or read at professional meetings. (CS)

The current impact of entry-level associate and baccalaureate degree education on the diversity of respiratory therapists.

PubMed

Becker, Ellen A; Nguyen, Xuan T

2014-12-01

Transitioning from an associate degree to a baccalaureate degree for respiratory therapists has been suggested as a new entry-level educational standard. One potential risk for this change is that it may limit the diversity of potential applicants for entry-level education. A diverse workforce is important to achieve the goal of reducing healthcare disparities. This study evaluated characteristics of therapists who completed associate and baccalaureate degree entry-level education. A secondary analysis of data collected from the 2009 AARC Respiratory Therapist Human Resource Survey explored relationships between the choice of entry-level associate or baccalaureate education and variables of gender, race, salary, career advancement, and job satisfaction. There were no differences between therapists with entry-level associate and baccalaureate degrees in gender, race, number of additional healthcare credentials, numbers of life support credentials, wages, delivering respiratory care by protocol, and job satisfaction. There were significantly higher percentages of advanced academic degrees, desire to pursue a higher academic degree, registered respiratory therapist credentials, total National Board for Respiratory Care credentials, and leadership roles for therapists with baccalaureate entry-level degrees. Current entry-level associate and baccalaureate degree graduates have similar gender and race proportions. This finding challenges concerns that an entry-level baccalaureate degree would decrease the diversity of the respiratory therapist workforce. Copyright © 2014 by Daedalus Enterprises.

Does a low FODMAP diet help IBS?

PubMed

2015-08-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common condition that can have a significant impact on a person's quality of life. The cause of IBS is unknown but several mechanisms have been proposed including visceral hypersensitivity, central sensitisation, abnormal gut motility and altered gut microbiota. IBS is challenging to manage and many patients report insufficient symptomatic relief from treatment. Approximately 60% of patients identify food as a trigger for their symptoms, and there has been interest in exclusion diets for managing IBS. Dietary adaptation is a common self-management strategy for patients with IBS, with many self-diagnosing intolerance to specific foods. This may lead to patients adopting over-restrictive or inappropriate diets. In recent years, a diet low in poorly absorbed short-chain carbohydrates, known collectively as FODMAPs (fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols), has been advocated for the treatment of IBS. Here, we discuss the background to the FODMAP diet and review the evidence supporting its use for people with IBS. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Gastrointestinal (GI) permeability correlates with trait anxiety and urinary norepinephrine/creatinine (CR)ratio in children with functional abdominal pain (FAP)and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) but not in controls

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

FAP and IBS affect 10–15% of school age children and bear many similarities to irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults (e.g., functional pain, visceral hyperalgesia). Animal models of IBS have suggested a relationship between neonatal stress/anxiety and increased GI permeability later in life. We h...

Small intestinal permeability is increased in diarrhoea predominant IBS, while alterations in gastroduodenal permeability in all IBS subtypes are largely attributable to confounders.

PubMed

Mujagic, Z; Ludidi, S; Keszthelyi, D; Hesselink, M A M; Kruimel, J W; Lenaerts, K; Hanssen, N M J; Conchillo, J M; Jonkers, D M A E; Masclee, A A M

2014-08-01

Intestinal permeability has been studied in small groups of IBS patients with contrasting findings. To assess intestinal permeability at different sites of the GI tract in different subtypes of well-characterised IBS patients and healthy controls (HC), and to assess potential confounding factors. IBS patients and HC underwent a multi-sugar test to assess site-specific intestinal permeability. Sucrose excretion and lactulose/rhamnose ratio in 0-5 h urine indicated gastroduodenal and small intestinal permeability, respectively. Sucralose/erythritol ratio in 0-24 h and 5-24 h urine indicated whole gut and colonic permeability, respectively. Linear regression analysis was used to assess the association between IBS groups and intestinal permeability and to adjust for age, sex, BMI, anxiety or depression, smoking, alcohol intake and use of medication. Ninety-one IBS patients, i.e. 37% IBS-D, 23% IBS-C, 33% IBS-M and 7% IBS-U and 94 HC were enrolled. Urinary sucrose excretion was significantly increased in the total IBS group [μmol, median (Q1;Q3): 5.26 (1.82;11.03) vs. 2.44 (0.91;5.85), P < 0.05], as well as in IBS-C and IBS-D vs. HC. However, differences attenuated when adjusting for confounders. The lactulose/rhamnose ratio was increased in IBS-D vs. HC [0.023 (0.013;0.038) vs. 0.014 (0.008;0.025), P < 0.05], which remained significant after adjustment for confounders. No difference was found in 0-24 and 5-24 h sucralose/erythritol ratio between groups. Small intestinal permeability is increased in patients with IBS-D compared to healthy controls, irrespective of confounding factors. Adjustment for confounders is necessary when studying intestinal permeability, especially in a heterogeneous disorder such as IBS. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Integrated Baseline System (IBS). Version 1.03, System Management Guide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, J.R.; Bailey, S.; Bower, J.C.

This IBS System Management Guide explains how to install or upgrade the Integrated Baseline System (IBS) software package. The IBS is an emergency management planning and analysis tool that was developed under the direction of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This guide includes detailed instructions for installing the IBS software package on a Digital Equipment Corporation (DEC) VAX computer from the IBS distribution tapes. The installation instructions include procedures for both first-time installations and upgrades to existing IBS installations. To ensure that the system manager has the background necessary for successful installation of the IBS package, this guide alsomore » includes information on IBS computer requirements, software organization, and the generation of IBS distribution tapes. When special utility programs are used during IBS installation and setups, this guide refers you to the IBS Utilities Guide for specific instructions. This guide also refers you to the IBS Data Management Guide for detailed descriptions of some IBS data files and structures. Any special requirements for installation are not documented here but should be included in a set of installation notes that come with the distribution tapes.« less

Endocannabinoid and cannabinoid-like fatty acid amide levels correlate with pain-related symptoms in patients with IBS-D and IBS-C: a pilot study.

PubMed

Fichna, Jakub; Wood, Jodianne T; Papanastasiou, Malvina; Vadivel, Subramanian K; Oprocha, Piotr; Sałaga, Maciej; Sobczak, Marta; Mokrowiecka, Anna; Cygankiewicz, Adam I; Zakrzewski, Piotr K; Małecka-Panas, Ewa; Krajewska, Wanda M; Kościelniak, Piotr; Makriyannis, Alexandros; Storr, Martin A

2013-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder, associated with alterations of bowel function, abdominal pain and other symptoms related to the GI tract. Recently the endogenous cannabinoid system (ECS) was shown to be involved in the physiological and pathophysiological control of the GI function. The aim of this pilot study was to investigate whether IBS defining symptoms correlate with changes in endocannabinoids or cannabinoid like fatty acid levels in IBS patients. AEA, 2-AG, OEA and PEA plasma levels were determined in diarrhoea-predominant (IBS-D) and constipation-predominant (IBS-C) patients and were compared to healthy subjects, following the establishment of correlations between biolipid contents and disease symptoms. FAAH mRNA levels were evaluated in colonic biopsies from IBS-D and IBS-C patients and matched controls. Patients with IBS-D had higher levels of 2AG and lower levels of OEA and PEA. In contrast, patients with IBS-C had higher levels of OEA. Multivariate analysis found that lower PEA levels are associated with cramping abdominal pain. FAAH mRNA levels were lower in patients with IBS-C. IBS subtypes and their symptoms show distinct alterations of endocannabinoid and endocannabinoid-like fatty acid levels. These changes may partially result from reduced FAAH expression. The here reported changes support the notion that the ECS is involved in the pathophysiology of IBS and the development of IBS symptoms.

TSH elevations as the first laboratory evidence for pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib).

PubMed

Molinaro, Angelo; Tiosano, Dov; Takatani, Rieko; Chrysis, Dionisios; Russell, William; Koscielniak, Nikolas; Kottler, Marie-Laure; Agretti, Patrizia; De Marco, Giuseppina; Ahtiainen, Petteri; Christov, Marta; Mäkitie, Outi; Tonacchera, Massimo; Jüppner, Harald

2015-05-01

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia because of resistance toward parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the proximal renal tubules are the most prominent abnormalities in patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib). In this rare disorder, which is caused by GNAS methylation changes, resistance can occur toward other hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that mediate their actions through G protein-coupled receptors. However, these additional laboratory abnormalities are usually not recognized until PTH-resistant hypocalcemia becomes clinically apparent. We now describe four pediatric patients, first diagnosed with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism between the ages of 0.2 and 15 years, who developed overt PTH-resistance 3 to 20 years later. Although anti-thyroperoxidase (anti-TPO) antibodies provided a plausible explanation for hypothyroidism in one of these patients, this and two other patients revealed broad epigenetic GNAS abnormalities, which included loss of methylation (LOM) at exons AS, XL, and A/B, and gain of methylation at exon NESP55; ie, findings consistent with PHP-Ib. LOM at GNAS exon A/B alone led in the fourth patient to the identification of a maternally inherited 3-kb STX16 deletion, a well-established cause of autosomal dominant PHP-Ib. Although GNAS methylation changes were not detected in additional pediatric and adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (23 pediatric and 39 adult cases), hypothyroidism can obviously be the initial finding in PHP-Ib patients. One should therefore consider measuring PTH, along with calcium and phosphate, in patients with unexplained hypothyroidism for extended periods of time to avoid hypocalcemia and associated clinical complications. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Pediatric IBS: an overview on pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.

PubMed

Chogle, Ashish; Mintjens, Stijn; Saps, Miguel

2014-04-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common disorder in children and adults. The pathogenesis and pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood. The biopsychosocial model, which conceptualizes chronic pain as a dysregulation of the gut-brain-homeostasis with peripheral and central factors mutually influencing each other, is the most accepted framework to explain IBS. Twin and family aggregation studies suggest a genetic component that does not exclusively explain the higher prevalence of IBS in certain families. Social learning (environmental factors) and maladaptive coping predispose children to develop IBS with greater disability and more frequent medical consultations. Early-life events constitute an additional risk factor for the development of IBS and other functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Children with a history of cow's milk protein hypersensitivity or abdominal surgeries have a higher prevalence of IBS and other FGIDs years later. IBS frequently follows an episode of acute gastrointestinal inflammation (infectious or non-infectious). This article discusses the importance, known pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical approach, and evidence-based therapeutic options for the management of IBS in children and adolescents. Copyright 2014, SLACK Incorporated.

Occupational Health Content in Baccalaureate Nursing Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keller, Marjorie J.; May, W. Theodore

A 4-year project was conducted at the University of Tennessee College of Nursing to identify occupational health nursing content essential in baccalaureate education for professional nursing. In the process of determining content, a review of relevant literature was made, and a theoretical framework was developed which consisted of an integration…

IBS suppression lattice in RHIC: theory and experimental verification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fedotov,A.V.; Bai, M.; Bruno, D.

Intra-beam scattering (IBS) is the limiting factor of the luminosity lifetime for Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) operation with heavy ions. Over the last few years the process of IBS was carefully studied in RHIC with dedicated IBS measurements and their comparison with the theoretical models. A new lattice was recently designed and implemented in RHIC to suppress transverse IBS growth, which lowered the average arc dispersion by about 20% [1]. This lattice became operational during RHIC Run-8. We review the IBS suppression mechanism, IBS measurements before and after the lattice change, and comparisons with predictions.

Educational Preparation for the Role of the School Nurse: Perceptions of School Nurses in Washington State

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newell, Mary E.

2013-01-01

The purpose of this quantitative research study was to identify the perceptions of currently practicing school nurses regarding their baccalaureate nursing education and determine if they felt adequately prepared to effectively practice in the role of a school nurse. A descriptive, quantitative on-line survey was conducted of Washington State…

Paternal uniparental isodisomy of the entire chromosome 20 as a molecular cause of pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib).

PubMed

Bastepe, Murat; Altug-Teber, Ozge; Agarwal, Chhavi; Oberfield, Sharon E; Bonin, Michael; Jüppner, Harald

2011-03-01

Pseudohypoparathyoridism type Ib (PHP-Ib) typically defines the presence of end-organ resistance to parathyroid hormone in the absence of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Patients affected by this disorder present with imprinting defects in the complex GNAS locus. Microdeletions within STX16 or GNAS have been identified in familial cases with PHP-Ib, but the molecular cause of the GNAS imprinting defects in sporadic PHP-Ib cases remains poorly defined. We now report a case with sporadic PHP-Ib for whom a SNPlex analysis revealed loss of the maternal GNAS allele. Further analysis of the entire genome with a 100K SNP chip identified a paternal uniparental isodisomy affecting the entire chromosome 20 without evidence for another chromosomal abnormality. Our findings explain the observed GNAS methylation changes and the patient's hormone resistance, and furthermore suggest that chromosome 20 harbors, besides GNAS, no additional imprinted region that contributes to the clinical and laboratory phenotype. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

TSH elevations as the first laboratory evidence for pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib)†

PubMed Central

Molinaro, Angelo; Tiosano, Dov; Takatani, Rieko; Chrysis, Dionisios; Russell, William; Koscielniak, Nikolas; Kottler, Marie-Laure; Agretti, Patrizia; De Marco, Giuseppina; Ahtiainen, Petteri; Christov, Marta; Mäkitie, Outi; Tonacchera, Massimo; Jüppner, Harald

2014-01-01

Hypocalcemia and hyperphosphatemia because of resistance towards parathyroid hormone (PTH) in the proximal renal tubules are the most prominent abnormalities in patients affected by pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (PHP-Ib). In this rare disorder that is caused by GNAS methylation changes, resistance can occur towards other hormones, such as thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), that mediate their actions through G protein-coupled receptors. However, these additional laboratory abnormalities are usually not recognized until PTH-resistant hypocalcemia becomes clinically apparent. We now describe four pediatric patients, first diagnosed with subclinical or overt hypothyroidism between the ages of 0.2 and 15 years, who developed overt PTH-resistance 3-20 years later. Although anti-TPO antibodies provided a plausible explanation for hypothyroidism in one of these patients, this and two other patients revealed broad epigenetic GNAS abnormalities, which included loss of methylation (LOM) at exons AS, XL and A/B, and gain of methylation at exon NESP55, i.e. findings consistent with PHP-Ib. LOM at GNAS exon A/B alone led in the fourth patient to the identification of a maternally inherited 3-kb STX16 deletion, a well-established cause of autosomal dominant PHP-Ib. Although GNAS methylation changes were not detected in additional pediatric and adult patients with subclinical hypothyroidism (23 pediatric and 39 adult cases), hypothyroidism can obviously be the initial finding in PHP-Ib patients. One should therefore consider measuring PTH, along with calcium and phosphate, in patients with unexplained hypothyroidism for extended periods of time to avoid hypocalcemia and associated clinical complications. PMID:25403028

Tracking student progress in a baccalaureate nursing program: academic indicators.

PubMed

Brennan, A L; Best, D G; Small, S P

1996-01-01

Identification of students "most likely to succeed" has long been a goal of educational institutions, from the perspective of both identifying valid and reliable admission criteria and decreasing attrition rates within a program. In this study, scholastic performance prior to admission to a baccalaureate nursing program was examined in relation to students' level of achievement in courses and their progression in the first two years of the program. Although their incoming averages indicated that both classes of students were at "low risk" for failure in university, only 60% of the 89 students in the two classes were progressing without interruption. Students who did well in high school tended to continue to do well in prerequisite university courses and later in nursing. Students who were behind in their class at the end of Year 1 or Year 2 in the nursing program had significantly lower mean averages on high school credits and on prerequisite university courses. These findings have implications for the admission and counselling of students and lead to the recommendation that similar studies across nursing programs and a prospective longitudinal study within the sampled program be carried out to validate and expand upon study findings.

Lessons Learnt from Post-Infectious IBS

PubMed Central

Sarna, Sushil K.

2011-01-01

The development of IBS symptoms – altered bowel function and abdominal cramping in a subset of adult subjects exposed to severe enteric infections opened up an unprecedented opportunity to understand the etiology of this poorly understood disorder. Perhaps, for the reasons that these symptoms follow a severe enteric infection, and mucosal biopsy tissues are readily available, the focus of most studies thus far has been to show that mild/low-grade mucosal inflammation persisting after the initial infection has subsided causes the IBS symptoms. Parallel studies in non-infectious IBS patients, who did not have prior enteritis, showed similar mild mucosal inflammation. Together, these studies examined the mucosal infiltration of specific immune cells, increase of select inflammatory mediators, mast cell and enterochromaffin cell hyperplasia, and epithelial permeability. In spite of the fact that the data on these topics were not consistent among different studies and clinical trials with prednisone, fluoxetine, and ketotifen failed to provide relief of IBS symptoms, the predominant conclusions were that mild mucosal inflammation is the cause of IBS symptoms. However, the circular smooth muscle cells, and myenteric neurons are the primary regulators of gut motility function, while primary afferent neurons and CNS play essential roles in induction of visceral hypersensitivity – no explanation was provided as to how mild mucosal inflammation causes dysfunction in cells far removed. Accumulating evidence shows that mild mucosal inflammation in IBS patients is in physiological range. It has little deleterious effects on cells within its own environment and therefore it is unlikely to affect cells in the muscularis externa. This review discusses the disconnect between the focus on mild/low-grade mucosal inflammation and the potential mechanisms and molecular dysfunctions in smooth muscle cells, myenteric neurons, and primary afferent neurons that may underlie IBS

The incidence of technological stress among baccalaureate nurse educators using technology during course preparation and delivery.

PubMed

Burke, Mary S

2009-01-01

The concept of technology-related stress was first introduced in the 1980s when computers became more prevalent in the business and academic world. Nurse educators have been impacted by the rapid changes in technology in recent years. A review of the literature revealed no research studies that have been conducted to investigate the incidence of technological stress among nurse educators. The purpose of this descriptive-correlational study was to describe the technological stressors that Louisiana baccalaureate nurse educators experienced while teaching nursing theory courses. A researcher-developed questionnaire, the nurse educator technostress scale (NETS) was administered to a census sample of 311 baccalaureate nurse educators in Louisiana. Findings revealed that Louisiana baccalaureate nurse educators are experiencing technological stress. The variable, perceived administrative support for use of technology in the classroom, was a significant predictor in a regression model predicting Louisiana baccalaureate nurse educators' technological stress (F=14.157, p<.001).

Developing Vocational Competences during Secondary School?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behle, Heike

2017-01-01

Purpose: Using the example of an amalgamated secondary school qualification (International Baccalaureate Career-related Programme--IBCP), in which both vocational education and training (VET) and academic subjects are taught, the paper aims to discuss the use of skills and knowledge gained during the IBCP for post-secondary school activities.…

International Mindedness through the Looking Glass: Reflections on a Concept

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Castro, Paloma; Lundgren, Ulla; Woodin, Jane

2015-01-01

The aim of this article is to report and reflect on a research project involving the conceptualization of the term "International Mindedness", which is used across a range of International Baccalaureate (IB) global and local contexts. The research process involved both a critical analysis of IB official documents and a literature review…

The Two-Year College as a First Choice, Second Chance Institution for Baccalaureate-Degree Holders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Townsend, Barbara K.

2009-01-01

This study focused on degree-seeking baccalaureate-degree holders at one two-year technical institute in the Midsouth to determine why they chose to study at the two-year college and how they compared their two-year college experience with their baccalaureate educational experience. Findings indicated the technical college was their first choice…

Differences in STEM Baccalaureate Attainment by Ethnicity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koledoye, Kimberly; Joyner, Sheila; Slate, John R.

2011-01-01

In this study, we examined the extent to which differences were present in the science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) baccalaureate attainment of Black students and of Hispanic students at 82 Texas 4-year colleges from 2008 to 2009. A custom download of data files was conducted on the Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System in…

Professional nursing values among baccalaureate nursing students in Hong Kong.

PubMed

Lui, May H L; Lam, Lai Wah; Lee, Iris F K; Chien, Wai Tong; Chau, Janita P C; Ip, Wan Yim

2008-01-01

The development of a nursing code of professional conduct is to guide nurses to make appropriate clinical decision, in particular when facing ethical dilemma. It is of paramount importance that nurse educators understand baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of the importance of the code of professional conduct and the level of difficulties in implementing this code while preparing them for future practicing nurses. The Code of Professional Conduct in Hong Kong has been developed to guide nursing practice for over two decades. Nevertheless, no study has examined Hong Kong baccalaureate nursing students' perception about this professional code. The aim of this paper was to examine the perceptions of 263 baccalaureate nursing students about this professional code using a cross sectional survey design. The results indicated that most items in the professional code were rated as important and "provide safe and competent care" was rated as the most important one. A few areas that the students perceived as difficult to implement were discussed and future research was recommended. The significant differences identified among students from different years of study also highlighted areas for consideration in planning educational program to further equip students with the ability to deal with challenges in professional practice.

The Development of a Clinical Nurse Scholar in Baccalaureate Education.

PubMed

Beal, Judy A; Riley, Joan M

2015-01-01

The purpose of this national study was to explore the vision of chief academic officers for baccalaureate nursing education. We invited chief academic nursing officers, randomly selected from a representative sample of accredited baccalaureate nursing programs to participate in the study. Audiotaped interviews were conducted in focus groups at professional meetings or by telephone and were transcribed verbatim. Data collection continued until thematic saturation was reached (N = 29). Analysis of the findings revealed themes that described future vision for baccalaureate education that provides guidance to faculty as they develop curriculum. An overarching theme "We are all Stewards of the Profession" and three supporting themes emerged: "Learning Pathways are Varied," "Faculty Need to Grow," and "New Pedagogies Need to Focus on the Development of 'Who I Am' as a Clinical Scholar." Findings point to a future where diverse learning pathways are integrated throughout the curriculum. The curriculum of tomorrow will place greater emphasis on the development of professional identity as a nurse and calls for expanded stewardship for nursing education. Deans recommended that investing time and resources into well-designed faculty development programs will help all faculty, regardless of appointment, to adapt to changing student needs and rapidly evolving practice environments. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

At Issue: The Relationship between Student Loans and Low-Income Students' Baccalaureate Attainment: A Literature Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yu, Hongwei

2014-01-01

The study conducts a review on the linkage between student loans and low-income students' baccalaureate degree achievement. Specifically, this study synthesizes literature on low-income students' borrowing patterns, low-income students' baccalaureate degree achievement, as well as the relationship between these two topics. Future research should…

Unequal Access to Rigorous High School Curricula: An Exploration of the Opportunity to Benefit from the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perna, Laura W.; May, Henry; Yee, April; Ransom, Tafaya; Rodriguez, Awilda; Fester, Rachél

2015-01-01

This study explores whether students from low-income families and racial/ethnic minority groups have the opportunity to benefit in what is arguably the most rigorous type of credit-based transition program: the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP). The analyses first describe national longitudinal trends in characteristics of…

HBCUs and Chemical Engineering: Analysis of Baccalaureate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reeves, Sheena; Thompson, Audie

2018-01-01

Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) provide significant STEM degrees to African Americans. Initiatives toward increasing diversity in STEM fields have been implemented by government and industry leaders. HBCUs annually award over 20% of all African American baccalaureate chemical engineering degrees. This speaks volume to the…

Baccalaureate Degrees at Ontario Colleges: Issues and Implications

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Panacci, Adam G.

2014-01-01

This paper identifies and examines major issues and implications of the proposal to substantially increase the number of applied baccalaureate degrees offered by Ontario's Colleges of Applied Arts and Technology, including increasing four-year applied degree offerings and introducing three-year applied degrees. Currently, provincial legislation…

Social problem-solving in Chinese baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Fang, Jinbo; Luo, Ying; Li, Yanhua; Huang, Wenxia

2016-11-01

To describe social problem solving in Chinese baccalaureate nursing students. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a cluster sample of 681 Chinese baccalaureate nursing students. The Chinese version of the Social Problem-Solving scale was used. Descriptive analyses, independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance were applied to analyze the data. The final year nursing students presented the highest scores of positive social problem-solving skills. Students with experiences of self-directed and problem-based learning presented significantly higher scores in Positive Problem Orientation subscale. The group with Critical thinking training experience, however, displayed higher negative problem solving scores compared with nonexperience group. Social problem solving abilities varied based upon teaching-learning strategies. Self-directed and problem-based learning may be recommended as effective way to improve social problem-solving ability. © 2016 Chinese Cochrane Center, West China Hospital of Sichuan University and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Implications of Pharmacogenomics to the Management of IBS.

PubMed

Camilleri, Michael

2018-04-27

The objectives are to review the role of pharmacogenomics in drug metabolism of medications typically used in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) focusing predominantly on cytochrome P450 metabolism. Other aims are to provide examples of genetic variation of receptors or intermediary pathways that are targets for IBS drugs and to critically appraise the situations where precision medicine is impacting health in IBS. Pharmacogenomics impacts both pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Although large clinical trials have not incorporated testing for genetic variations that could impact the efficacy of medications in IBS, there are therapeutic advantages to inclusion of pharmacogenomics testing for individual patients, as has been demonstrated particularly in the treatment with central neuromodulators in psychiatry practice. Clinical practice in IBS is moving in the same direction with the aid of commercially available tests focused on drug metabolism. Specific mechanisms leading to pathophysiology of IBS are still poorly characterized, relative to diseases such as cancer and inflammatory bowel disease, and, therefore, pharmacogenomics related to drug pharmacodynamics is still in its infancy and requires extensive future research. With increased attention to pharmacogenomics affecting drug metabolism, it is anticipated that pharmacogenomics will impact care of IBS. Copyright © 2018 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bringing NMR and IR Spectroscopy to High Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bonjour, Jessica L.; Hass, Alisa L.; Pollock, David W.; Huebner, Aaron; Frost, John A.

2017-01-01

Development of benchtop, portable Fourier transform nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and infrared (IR) spectrometers has opened up opportunities for creating university-high school partnerships that provide high school students with hands-on experience with NMR and IR instruments. With recent changes to the international baccalaureate chemistry…

Thoughts About Health Policy Content in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs.

PubMed

Waddell, Ashley; Adams, Jeffrey M; Fawcett, Jacqueline

2016-10-01

We describe a framework used to analyze health policy content in baccalaureate nursing program courses that combines the conceptual model for nursing and health policy and the Adams influence model to account for knowledge and skills needed for health policy work. Our analysis of health policy content in courses in one baccalaureate nursing program focused on what policies were emphasized and how educational content supported the development of personal influence. The analysis revealed course content focused on public sources of health policies and lack of overt course content about policies from organizational and professional sources. Additionally, we identified little course content about the development of personal influence skills except for communication and message articulation components. As the nursing profession continues to build influence in the policy arena, educators must continue to prepare future nurses for such work. © The Author(s) 2016.

Foreign Language Training in U.S. Undergraduate IB Programs: Are We Providing Students What They Need to Be Successful?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Jim

2017-01-01

A growing number of U.S. business schools now offer an undergraduate degree in international business (IB), for which training in a foreign language is a requirement. However, there appears to be considerable variance in the minimum requirements for foreign language training across U.S. business schools, including the provision of…

Non-absorbed Antibiotics for IBS

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-16

absorbed antibiotic rifaximin for nonconstipated irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This effort adds to the body of literature from other, smaller studies that...have demonstrated clinical efficacy for IBS with rifaximin . Non-absorbed antibiotics have been endorsed by the American College of Gastroenterology... rifaximin 400 mg three times daily for 10 days or placebo. During the initial 2 weeks of therapy and the subsequent 10 weeks of follow-up rifaximin

Advances in IBS 2016: A Review of Current and Emerging Data.

PubMed

Schoenfeld, Philip S

2016-08-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic intermittent abdominal pain and associated diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or both. IBS can significantly impact patient function and quality of life. The diagnosis of IBS is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, the exclusion of concerning features, and selected tests to exclude organic diseases that can mimic IBS. The pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, and new contributing factors have been identified over the past decade. Altered gut immune activation, intestinal permeability, and the intestinal and colonic microbiome may be important factors. Poorly absorbed carbohydrates have been implicated in triggering IBS symptoms. Increasing evidence supports the benefit of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). Although there are several randomized controlled trials of probiotics in IBS, they are typically poorly designed and have not consistently demonstrated efficacy. Until recently, there were few effective treatments for IBS-D. Data from recent clinical trials support the use of rifaximin, eluxadoline, and peppermint oil. Options for the treatment of IBS-C include lubiprostone and linaclotide.

Advances in IBS 2016: A Review of Current and Emerging Data

PubMed Central

Schoenfeld, Philip S.

2016-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is characterized by chronic intermittent abdominal pain and associated diarrhea (IBS-D), constipation (IBS-C), or both. IBS can significantly impact patient function and quality of life. The diagnosis of IBS is based on the presence of characteristic symptoms, the exclusion of concerning features, and selected tests to exclude organic diseases that can mimic IBS. The pathophysiology of IBS remains incompletely understood, and new contributing factors have been identified over the past decade. Altered gut immune activation, intestinal permeability, and the intestinal and colonic microbiome may be important factors. Poorly absorbed carbohydrates have been implicated in triggering IBS symptoms. Increasing evidence supports the benefit of a diet low in fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs). Although there are several randomized controlled trials of probiotics in IBS, they are typically poorly designed and have not consistently demonstrated efficacy. Until recently, there were few effective treatments for IBS-D. Data from recent clinical trials support the use of rifaximin, eluxadoline, and peppermint oil. Options for the treatment of IBS-C include lubiprostone and linaclotide. PMID:28070176

Diagnosis of IBS: symptoms, symptom-based criteria, biomarkers or 'psychomarkers'?

PubMed

Sood, Ruchit; Law, Graham R; Ford, Alexander C

2014-11-01

IBS is estimated to have a prevalence of up to 20% in Western populations and results in substantial costs to health-care services worldwide, estimated to be US$1 billion per year in the USA. IBS remains difficult to diagnose due to its multifactorial aetiology, heterogeneous nature and overlap of symptoms with organic pathologies, such as coeliac disease and IBD. As a result, IBS often continues to be a diagnosis of exclusion, resulting in unnecessary investigations. Available methods for the diagnosis of IBS-including the current gold standard, the Rome III criteria-perform only moderately well. Visceral hypersensitivity and altered pain perception do not discriminate between IBS and other functional gastrointestinal diseases or health with any great accuracy. Attention has now turned to developing novel biomarkers and using psychological markers (so-called psychomarkers) to aid the diagnosis of IBS. This Review describes how useful symptoms, symptom-based criteria, biomarkers and psychomarkers, and indeed combinations of all these approaches, are in the diagnosis of IBS. Future directions in diagnosing IBS could include combining demographic data, gastrointestinal symptoms, biomarkers and psychomarkers using statistical methods. Latent class analysis to distinguish between IBS and non-IBS symptom profiles might also represent a promising avenue for future research.

Baccalaureate Origins of Education Doctorates around the World.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bautista, Edna R.

This study focused on which countries (besides the United States) produced the most doctorates in the education field, based on data provided by the National Research Council. The study combined the baccalaureate origins of education doctorates with the rankings of countries, and considered each country's cultural, social, economic, and political…

Integrating the fundamentals of care framework in baccalaureate nursing education: An example from a nursing school in Denmark.

PubMed

Voldbjerg, Siri Lygum; Laugesen, Britt; Bahnsen, Iben Bøgh; Jørgensen, Lone; Sørensen, Ingrid Maria; Grønkjaer, Mette; Sørensen, Erik Elgaard

2018-06-01

To describe and discuss the process of integrating the Fundamentals of Care framework in a baccalaureate nursing education at a School of Nursing in Denmark. Nursing education plays an essential role in educating nurses to work within healthcare systems in which a demanding workload on nurses results in fundamental nursing care being left undone. Newly graduated nurses often lack knowledge and skills to meet the challenges of delivering fundamental care in clinical practice. To develop nursing students' understanding of fundamental nursing, the conceptual Fundamentals of Care framework has been integrated in nursing education at a School of Nursing in Denmark. Discursive paper using an adjusted descriptive case study design for describing and discussing the process of integrating the conceptual Fundamentals of Care Framework in nursing education. The process of integrating the Fundamentals of Care framework is illuminated through a description of the context, in which the process occurs including the faculty members, lectures, case-based work and simulation laboratory in nursing education. Based on this description, opportunities such as supporting a holistic approach to an evidence-based integrative patient care and challenges such as scepticism among the faculty are discussed. It is suggested how integration of Fundamentals of Care Framework in lectures, case-based work and simulation laboratory can make fundamental nursing care more explicit in nursing education, support critical thinking and underline the relevance of evidence-based practice. The process relies on a supportive context, a well-informed and engaged faculty, and continuous reflections on how the conceptual framework can be integrated. Integrating the Fundamentals of Care framework can support nursing students' critical thinking and reflection on what fundamental nursing care is and requires and eventually educate nurses in providing evidence-based fundamental nursing care. © 2018 John Wiley

A mechanistic multicentre, parallel group, randomised placebo-controlled trial of mesalazine for the treatment of IBS with diarrhoea (IBS-D).

PubMed

Lam, Ching; Tan, Wei; Leighton, Matthew; Hastings, Margaret; Lingaya, Melanie; Falcone, Yirga; Zhou, Xiaoying; Xu, Luting; Whorwell, Peter; Walls, Andrew F; Zaitoun, Abed; Montgomery, Alan; Spiller, Robin

2016-01-01

Immune activation has been reported in the mucosa of IBS patients with diarrhoea (IBS-D), and some small studies have suggested that mesalazine may reduce symptoms. We performed a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial of 2 g mesalazine twice daily versus placebo for 3 months in patients with Rome III criteria IBS-D. Primary outcome was daily average stool frequency during weeks 11-12; secondary outcomes were abdominal pain, stool consistency, urgency and satisfactory relief of IBS symptoms. Participants were randomised after a 2-week baseline stool diary. All participants completed a 12-week stool diary and at the end of each week recorded the presence of 'satisfactory relief of IBS symptoms'. 136 patients with IBS-D (82 women, 54 men) were randomised, 10 patients withdrew from each group. Analysis by intention to treat showed the daily average stool frequency during weeks 11 and 12 were mean (SD), 2.8 (1.2) in mesalazine and 2.7 (1.9) in the placebo group with no significant group difference, (95% CI) 0.1 (-0.33 to 0.53), p=0.66. Mesalazine did not improve abdominal pain, stool consistency nor percentage with satisfactory relief compared with placebo during the last two-weeks follow-up. This study does not support any clinically meaningful benefit or harm of mesalazine compared with placebo in unselected patients with IBS-D. More precise subtyping based on underlying disease mechanisms is needed to allow more effective targeting of treatment in IBS. NCT01316718. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

The evolution of a baccalaureate program for registered nurses.

PubMed

MacLean, T B; Knoll, G H; Kinney, C K

1985-02-01

Many collegiate schools of nursing are attempting to meet the needs of ever increasing numbers of RNs who are returning to school for the purpose of earning the baccalaureate degree. As non-traditional learners their professional and personal needs vary. Mechanisms have been developed and evaluated to assist the assessment of prior knowledge and skills. Support systems and program changes have been put in place to facilitate accomplishment of the goals of the RN student. The authors discuss ten years' experience with one RN-BSN program, and describe procedures for advance placement credit and special RN courses. Descriptive data and success measures of the 198 graduates of the original curriculum are presented as well as support systems and program changes that proved helpful. More than half of the graduates assumed positions with managerial responsibility. They were more active in professional organizations and nearly half had completed or were enrolled in graduate study. Nearly two-thirds responded positively about their derived benefits of the program listing specific courses, self-confidence, and improvement in critical thinking as some of the gains. Many noted an increased awareness of the need for nurses to work collectively in the pursuit of professional issues. This potential for development of strong leadership from this group in nursing is seen as an asset to our profession.

Intestinal Microbiota And Diet in IBS: Causes, Consequences, or Epiphenomena?

PubMed Central

Rajilić-Stojanović, Mirjana; Jonkers, Daisy M; Salonen, Anne; Hanevik, Kurt; Raes, Jeroen; Jalanka, Jonna; de Vos, Willem M; Manichanh, Chaysavanh; Golic, Natasa; Enck, Paul; Philippou, Elena; Iraqi, Fuad A; Clarke, Gerard; Spiller, Robin C; Penders, John

2015-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous functional disorder with a multifactorial etiology that involves the interplay of both host and environmental factors. Among environmental factors relevant for IBS etiology, the diet stands out given that the majority of IBS patients report their symptoms to be triggered by meals or specific foods. The diet provides substrates for microbial fermentation, and, as the composition of the intestinal microbiota is disturbed in IBS patients, the link between diet, microbiota composition, and microbial fermentation products might have an essential role in IBS etiology. In this review, we summarize current evidence regarding the impact of diet and the intestinal microbiota on IBS symptoms, as well as the reported interactions between diet and the microbiota composition. On the basis of the existing data, we suggest pathways (mechanisms) by which diet components, via the microbial fermentation, could trigger IBS symptoms. Finally, this review provides recommendations for future studies that would enable elucidation of the role of diet and microbiota and how these factors may be (inter)related in the pathophysiology of IBS. PMID:25623659

Intestinal microbiota and diet in IBS: causes, consequences, or epiphenomena?

PubMed

Rajilić-Stojanović, Mirjana; Jonkers, Daisy M; Salonen, Anne; Hanevik, Kurt; Raes, Jeroen; Jalanka, Jonna; de Vos, Willem M; Manichanh, Chaysavanh; Golic, Natasa; Enck, Paul; Philippou, Elena; Iraqi, Fuad A; Clarke, Gerard; Spiller, Robin C; Penders, John

2015-02-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a heterogeneous functional disorder with a multifactorial etiology that involves the interplay of both host and environmental factors. Among environmental factors relevant for IBS etiology, the diet stands out given that the majority of IBS patients report their symptoms to be triggered by meals or specific foods. The diet provides substrates for microbial fermentation, and, as the composition of the intestinal microbiota is disturbed in IBS patients, the link between diet, microbiota composition, and microbial fermentation products might have an essential role in IBS etiology. In this review, we summarize current evidence regarding the impact of diet and the intestinal microbiota on IBS symptoms, as well as the reported interactions between diet and the microbiota composition. On the basis of the existing data, we suggest pathways (mechanisms) by which diet components, via the microbial fermentation, could trigger IBS symptoms. Finally, this review provides recommendations for future studies that would enable elucidation of the role of diet and microbiota and how these factors may be (inter)related in the pathophysiology of IBS.

Experience with IBS-suppression lattice in RHIC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Litvinenko,V.N.; Luo, Y.; Ptitsyn, V.

An intra-beam scattering (IBS) is the limiting factor of the luminosity lifetime for RHIC operating with heavy ions. In order to suppress the IBS we designed and implemented new lattice with higher betatron tunes. This lattice had been developed during last three years and had been used for gold ions in yellow ring of the RHIC during d-Au part of the RHIC Run-8. The use of this lattice allowed both significant increases in the luminosity lifetime and the luminosity levels via reduction of beta-stars in the IPS. In this paper we report on the development, the tests and the performancemore » of IBS-suppression lattice in RHIC, including the resulting increases in the peak and the average luminosity. We also report on our plans for future steps with the IBS suppression.« less

Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX and Malignancy

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-09-01

provide a unique microenvironment supporting the accumulation of more platelets and the elaboration of a fibrin - rich network produced by coagulation...process and can initiate the formation of a platelet - rich thrombus by tethering the platelet to a thrombogenic surface. Several ligands binding to GP Ib... Platelet Glycoprotein Ib-IX and Malignancy PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Jerry Ware, Ph.D

More negative self-esteem and inferior coping strategies among patients diagnosed with IBS compared with patients without IBS--a case-control study in primary care.

PubMed

Grodzinsky, Ewa; Walter, Susanna; Viktorsson, Lisa; Carlsson, Ann-Kristin; Jones, Michael P; Faresjö, Åshild

2015-01-28

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a chronic, relapsing gastrointestinal disorder, that affects approximately 10% of the general population and the majority are diagnosed in primary care. IBS has been reported to be associated with altered psychological and cognitive functioning such as mood disturbances, somatization, catastrophizing or altered visceral interoception by negative emotions and stress. The aim was to investigate the psychosocial constructs of self-esteem and sense of coherence among IBS patients compared to non-IBS patients in primary care. A case-control study in primary care setting among IBS patients meeting the ROME III criteria (n = 140) compared to controls i.e. non-IBS patients (n = 213) without any present or previous gastrointestinal complaints. The data were collected through self-reported questionnaires of psychosocial factors. IBS-patients reported significantly more negative self-esteem (p < 0.001), lower scores for positive self-esteem (p < 0.001), and lower sense of coherence (p < 0.001) than the controls. The IBS-cases were also less likely to report 'good' health status (p < 0.001) and less likely to report a positive belief in the future (p < 0.001). After controlling for relevant confounding factors in multiple regressions, the elevation in negative self-esteem among IBS patients remained statistically significant (p = 0.02), as did the lower scores for sense of coherence among IBS cases (p = 0.04). The more frequently reported negative self-esteem and inferior coping strategies among IBS patients found in this study suggest the possibility that psychological therapies might be helpful for these patients. However these data do not indicate the causal direction of the observed associations. More research is therefore warranted to determine whether these psychosocial constructs are more frequent in IBS patients.

The Evolution of Workforce Baccalaureate Degrees in Florida

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bilsky, Judith; Neuhard, Ian; Locke, Mary G.

2012-01-01

The State of Florida has been challenged to keep up with the demand for baccalaureate degree production for more than half a century. Fueled first by veterans of World War II and the Korean Conflict, and later by significant and sustained population growth over many decades, Florida's postsecondary infrastructure has struggled to keep pace with…

Total costs of IBS: employer and managed care perspective.

PubMed

Cash, Brooks; Sullivan, Sean; Barghout, Victoria

2005-04-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common gastrointestinal motility disorder that typically affects persons of working age and is costly to employers. The financial burden attributable to the direct (use of healthcare resources) and indirect (missed days from work [absenteeism] and loss of productivity while at work [presenteeism]) costs of IBS is similar to that of other common long-term medical disorders, such as asthma, migraine, hypertension, and congestive heart failure. The symptoms of IBS are significantly bothersome and place a substantial burden on the personal and working lives of patients. As with other long-term medical conditions that have a significant impact on productivity, directed efforts by employers can address IBS in the workplace and thereby potentially decrease its impact. In this article, the symptoms of IBS and its impact on patients and on society as a whole are discussed; options are outlined by which employers can help reduce the total costs of IBS, including lost productivity (both absenteeism and presenteeism), in the workplace.

Selection of dental hygiene as a career: associate degree students compared with baccalaureate students.

PubMed

DeVore, P L; Whitacre, H L; Cox, S S

1993-01-01

One of the most significant issues in the dental hygiene profession is the recruitment of qualified applicants. Throughout the decade of the 80s, a dramatic decline in enrollment has occurred in dental hygiene programs across the nation. According to recent demographic reports, there are fewer individuals in the age group where dental hygiene students are traditionally recruited and no significant change is expected. Therefore, in order to maintain and improve the pool of students preparing for a career in dental hygiene, it is critical that an attempt be made to understand the forces which lead students to choose the health care profession. A study was conducted using baccalaureate alumni and three classes in the baccalaureate degree dental hygiene program at The Ohio State University in order to determine why they had chosen the career of dental hygiene. This study was subsequently expanded to include students enrolled in eight associate degree dental hygiene programs in Ohio. The results from the survey indicate that career decisions are made at varying points in the educational process. Dentists and dental hygienists account for half of the influence in the decision process with high school guidance counselors having negligible influence. Nearly all respondents chose working with people as the top career benefit. Those findings point to the importance of involving dental and dental hygiene professionals in the recruitment process and the necessity to provide appropriate information to others who may provide career counseling.

Implementation of an intraoperative clinical experience for senior level baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Mott, Jason

2012-04-01

Perioperative nursing is a specialty that has been eliminated from many nursing education programs. With the loss of perioperative clinical experiences, the number of students pursuing a career in perioperative nursing after graduation has declined. A faculty member at one Midwestern school of nursing developed and implemented a perioperative clinical experience for senior-level baccalaureate nursing students in a critical care nursing course. This program, developed with the assistance of four local hospitals and the college of nursing, included an eight-hour OR orientation and 56 clinical hours. Students were placed in the OR under preceptor guidance and supervision. Feedback from evaluations was positive and provided recommendations for improving the program, in particular, to allow more clinical hours and more hands-on experience for the students. Copyright © 2012 AORN, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Disturbed Sleep on Gastrointestinal and Somatic Pain Symptoms in IBS

PubMed Central

Patel, Ami; Hasak, Stephen; Cassell, Benjamin; Ciorba, Matthew A.; Vivio, Emily E.; Kumar, Mrudula; Gyawali, C. Prakash; Sayuk, Gregory S.

2016-01-01

Summary Background Sleep disturbances are common, and perhaps are even more prevalent in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Aim To determine the effect of measured sleep on: 1) IBS symptoms the following day, and IBS-specific quality of life (IBS-QOL), and 2) non-GI pain symptoms. Methods IBS patients’ sleep patterns were compared to healthy individuals via wrist-mounted actigraphy over 7 days. Daily bowel pain logs (severity, distress; 10-point Likert), stool pattern (Bristol scale) and supporting symptoms (e.g., bloating, urgency; 5-point Likert) were kept. Validated measures, including the GI Symptom Rating Scale-IBS, Visceral Sensitivity Index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the IBS-Quality of Life were collected. Mediation analysis explored the relationship between sleep, mood, and bowel symptoms. Results 50 subjects (38.6±1.0years old, 44 female; 24 IBS and 26 healthy controls) completed sleep monitoring. IBS patients slept more hours per day (7.7±0.2 vs 7.1±0.1, p=0.008), but felt less well-rested. IBS patients demonstrated more waking episodes during sleep (waking episodes; 12.1 vs 9.3, p<0.001). Waking episodes predicted worse abdominal pain (p≤0.01) and GI distress (p<0.001), but not bowel pattern or accessory IBS symptoms (p>0.3 for each). Waking episodes negatively correlated with general- and IBS-specific QOL in IBS (r= −0.58 and −0.52, p<0.001 for each). Disturbed sleep effects on abdominal pain were partially explained by mood as an intermediate. Conclusion Sleep disturbances are more common in IBS, and correlate with IBS-related pain, distress, and poorer IBS-related QOL. Disturbed sleep effects extend beyond the bowel, leading to worse mood and greater somatic pain in IBS patients. PMID:27240555

The fundamental ribosomal RNA transcription initiation factor-IB (TIF-IB, SL1, factor D) binds to the rRNA core promoter primarily by minor groove contacts.

PubMed

Geiss, G K; Radebaugh, C A; Paule, M R

1997-11-14

Acanthamoeba castellanii transcription initiation factor-IB (TIF-IB) is the TATA-binding protein-containing transcription factor that binds the rRNA promoter to form the committed complex. Minor groove-specific drugs inhibit TIF-IB binding, with higher concentrations needed to disrupt preformed complexes because of drug exclusion by bound TIF-IB. TIF-IB/DNA interactions were mapped by hydroxyl radical and uranyl nitrate footprinting. TIF-IB contacts four minor grooves in its binding site. TIF-IB and DNA wrap around each other in a right-handed superhelix of high pitch, so the upstream and downstream contacts are on opposite faces of the helix. Dimethyl sulfate protection assays revealed limited contact with a few guanines in the major groove. This detailed analysis suggests significant DNA conformation dependence of the interaction.

IBS Treatment Options

MedlinePlus

... also consider... The use and benefits offered by cognitive-behavioral therapy Consulting with your doctor about the use of ... Medications Probiotics and Antibiotics Psychological Treatments Understanding Stress Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Relaxation Techniques for IBS Take Part in Online ...

Institutional Repositories: The Experience of Master's and Baccalaureate Institutions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Markey, Karen; St. Jean, Beth; Soo, Young Rieh; Yakel, Elizabeth; Kim, Jihyun

2008-01-01

In 2006, MIRACLE Project investigators censused library directors at all U.S. academic institutions about their activities planning, pilot testing, and implementing the institutional repositories on their campuses. Out of 446 respondents, 289 (64.8 percent) were from master's and baccalaureate institutions (M&BIs) where few operational…

IBS-like symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis

PubMed Central

Gracie, David J; Ford, Alexander C

2015-01-01

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic gastrointestinal disorders that, until recently, have been considered dichotomous conditions falling on either side of a functional-organic divide. However, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, akin to those of IBS, are observed in up to one in three patients with quiescent UC. Whether these lower gastrointestinal symptoms are secondary to coexistent IBS or occult UC disease activity is uncertain, but when objective evidence of disease activity is lacking, escalation of conventional pharmacotherapy in such patients is often ineffective. The etiologies of both UC and IBS remain unclear, but dysregulation of the enteric nervous system, an altered microbiome, low-grade mucosal inflammation, and activation of the brain–gut axis is common to both; this suggests that some overlap between the two conditions is plausible. How best to investigate and manage IBS-type symptoms in UC patients remains unclear. Studies that have assessed patients with UC who meet criteria for IBS for subclinical inflammation have been conflicting in their results. Although evidence-based treatments for IBS exist, their efficacy in UC patients reporting these types of symptoms remains unclear. Given the disturbances in gut microbiota in UC, and the possible role of the brain–gut axis in the generation of such symptoms, treatments such as probiotics, fecal transfer, antidepressants, or psychological therapies would seem logical approaches to use in this group of patients. However, there are only limited data for all of these therapies; this suggests that randomized controlled trials to investigate their efficacy in this setting may be warranted. PMID:25733921

IBS-like symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis.

PubMed

Gracie, David J; Ford, Alexander C

2015-01-01

Ulcerative colitis (UC) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are chronic gastrointestinal disorders that, until recently, have been considered dichotomous conditions falling on either side of a functional-organic divide. However, persistent gastrointestinal symptoms, akin to those of IBS, are observed in up to one in three patients with quiescent UC. Whether these lower gastrointestinal symptoms are secondary to coexistent IBS or occult UC disease activity is uncertain, but when objective evidence of disease activity is lacking, escalation of conventional pharmacotherapy in such patients is often ineffective. The etiologies of both UC and IBS remain unclear, but dysregulation of the enteric nervous system, an altered microbiome, low-grade mucosal inflammation, and activation of the brain-gut axis is common to both; this suggests that some overlap between the two conditions is plausible. How best to investigate and manage IBS-type symptoms in UC patients remains unclear. Studies that have assessed patients with UC who meet criteria for IBS for subclinical inflammation have been conflicting in their results. Although evidence-based treatments for IBS exist, their efficacy in UC patients reporting these types of symptoms remains unclear. Given the disturbances in gut microbiota in UC, and the possible role of the brain-gut axis in the generation of such symptoms, treatments such as probiotics, fecal transfer, antidepressants, or psychological therapies would seem logical approaches to use in this group of patients. However, there are only limited data for all of these therapies; this suggests that randomized controlled trials to investigate their efficacy in this setting may be warranted.

Ladders to Success: Enhancing Transfer from Technical Associate in Science Degrees to Baccalaureates. AIR 1999 Annual Forum Paper.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pitter, Gita Wijesinghe

This paper describes the collaborative activities which have developed since 1998 Florida legislation that required stronger articulation between Associate in Science (AS) programs at state community colleges and baccalaureate programs at universities. Three major models of AS to baccalaureate articulation are evaluated: (1) a statewide career…

Advancing Pre-Health Humanities as Intensive Research Practice: Principles and Recommendations from a Cross-Divisional Baccalaureate Setting.

PubMed

Singer, Sarah Ann; Weed, Kym; Edwell, Jennifer; Jack, Jordynn; Thrailkill, Jane F

2017-12-01

This essay argues that pre-health humanities programs should focus on intensive research practice for baccalaureate students and provides three guiding principles for implementing it. Although the interdisciplinary nature of health humanities permits baccalaureate students to use research methods from the natural sciences, social sciences, and humanities, pre-health humanities coursework tends to force students to adopt only one of many disciplinary identities. Alternatively, an intensive research approach invites students to critically select and combine methods from multiple (and seemingly opposing) disciplines to ask and answer questions about health problems more innovatively. Using the authors' experiences with implementing health humanities baccalaureate research initiatives at The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, the authors contend that pre-health humanities programs should teach and study multiple disciplinary research methods and their values; examine how health humanities research might transfer across disciplines; and focus on mentoring opportunities for funding, presenting, and publishing research. These recommendations have the potential to create unprecedented research experiences for baccalaureate students as they prepare to enter careers within and beyond the allied health professions.

A Swedish national adoption study of risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

PubMed

Waehrens, Rasmus; Zöller, Bengt; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina; Pirouzifard, MirNabi

2017-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clusters in families, but the familial risk of IBS has not been determined in adoptees. Studying adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents is a strong study design for separating genetic from environmental causes of familial clustering. This nationwide study aimed to separate the biological (genetic) and familial environmental contribution to the familial transmission of IBS. We performed a family study for Swedish-born adoptees born from 1951 until 1995, and their biological and adoptive parents. The Swedish Multigeneration Register was linked to the Hospital Register (inpatients and outpatients) for the period 1964-2012 and the Swedish Outpatient Care Register for 2001-2012, and the Swedish Primary Healthcare register for 1989-2012. ORs for IBS were calculated for adoptees with an affected biological parent with IBS compared with adoptees without a biological parent with IBS. The OR for IBS was also determined in adoptees with an adoptive parent with IBS compared with adoptees without an adoptive parent with IBS. Heritability h 2 (±SE) was also determined. The ORs for IBS were 1.67 in adoptees (95% CI 1.06 to 2.62) of biological parents diagnosed with IBS. The ORs for IBS were 0.88 in adoptees (95% CI 0.48 to 1.63) of adoptive parents diagnosed with IBS. The heritability was 19.5%±8.5%. The present study indicates that biological (genetic) factors are important for the familial clustering of IBS. The heritability calculated is in the range from twin studies and suggests that heritability may be estimated in adoptees.

Patients of the future: a survey of school nurse competencies with implications for nurse executives in the acute care settings.

PubMed

Newell, Mary E

2013-01-01

School nursing in the United States has been in existence for many decades but has become increasingly more complex, as student health needs have escalated and the role itself has expanded in scope of practice. Given the changes in health care delivery mandated by the Patient Safety and Affordable Care Reform Act, and the increasing complexity of school nursing practice, it is important to determine whether nurses who enter this area of practice are educationally prepared to do so. The objective of this study was to determine the perceptions of currently practicing school nurses regarding their baccalaureate nursing education and whether they felt adequately prepared to effectively practice as a school nurse. The survey The Perceptions of School Nurses' Educational Preparation: Survey of Washington State School Nurses was sent to school nurses in Washington State. This was a descriptive, quantitative online survey that asked school nurses to assess their initial nursing education and whether their baccalaureate preparation adequately prepared them for this specialty role. There are a total of 17 school nurse standards, and 8 of the standards (47%) were identified as minimally achieved upon graduation. In addition, school nurses self-assessed gaps in their ongoing continuing educational needs, such as needing additional education regarding special education laws (81%), 504 accommodations (90.5%), diabetic care (76%), and delegation skills (68.6%). The findings from this study have illustrated the need for additional didactic and clinical practicum components that could be incorporated into baccalaureate nursing programs to better prepare graduates for school nursing practice in Washington State. Participants were able to identify areas in need of further education within their baccalaureate program, and also during their orientation to the role and responsibilities of a school nurse. Nurse executives must be able to use this knowledge to support staff nurses with an

Exclusion of the GNAS locus in PHP-Ib patients with broad GNAS methylation changes: evidence for an autosomal recessive form of PHP-Ib?

PubMed

Fernández-Rebollo, Eduardo; Pérez de Nanclares, Guiomar; Lecumberri, Beatriz; Turan, Serap; Anda, Emma; Pérez-Nanclares, Gustavo; Feig, Denice; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Bastepe, Murat; Jüppner, Harald

2011-08-01

Most patients with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (AD-PHP-Ib) carry maternally inherited microdeletions upstream of GNAS that are associated with loss of methylation restricted to GNAS exon A/B. Only few AD-PHP-Ib patients carry microdeletions within GNAS that are associated with loss of all maternal methylation imprints. These epigenetic changes are often indistinguishable from those observed in patients affected by an apparently sporadic PHP-Ib form that has not yet been defined genetically. We have now investigated six female patients affected by PHP-Ib (four unrelated and two sisters) with complete or almost complete loss of GNAS methylation, whose healthy children (11 in total) showed no epigenetic changes at this locus. Analysis of several microsatellite markers throughout the 20q13 region made it unlikely that PHP-Ib is caused in these patients by large deletions involving GNAS or by paternal uniparental isodisomy or heterodisomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20). Microsatellite and single-nucleotide variation (SNV) data revealed that the two affected sisters share their maternally inherited GNAS alleles with unaffected relatives that lack evidence for abnormal GNAS methylation, thus excluding linkage to this locus. Consistent with these findings, healthy children of two unrelated sporadic PHP-Ib patients had inherited different maternal GNAS alleles, also arguing against linkage to this locus. Based on our data, it appears plausible that some forms of PHP-Ib are caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation(s) in an unknown gene involved in establishing or maintaining GNAS methylation. Copyright © 2011 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.

Exclusion of the GNAS Locus in PHP-Ib Patients With Broad GNAS Methylation Changes: Evidence for an Autosomal Recessive Form of PHP-Ib?

PubMed Central

Fernández-Rebollo, Eduardo; de Nanclares, Guiomar Pérez; Lecumberri, Beatriz; Turan, Serap; Anda, Emma; Pérez-Nanclares, Gustavo; Feig, Denice; Nik-Zainal, Serena; Bastepe, Murat; Jüppner, Harald

2013-01-01

Most patients with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib (AD-PHP-Ib) carry maternally inherited microdeletions upstream of GNAS that are associated with loss of methylation restricted to GNAS exon A/B. Only few AD-PHP-Ib patients carry microdeletions within GNAS that are associated with loss of all maternal methylation imprints. These epigenetic changes are often indistinguishable from those observed in patients affected by an apparently sporadic PHP-Ib form that has not yet been defined genetically. We have now investigated six female patients affected by PHP-Ib (four unrelated and two sisters) with complete or almost complete loss of GNAS methylation, whose healthy children (11 in total) showed no epigenetic changes at this locus. Analysis of several microsatellite markers throughout the 20q13 region made it unlikely that PHP-Ib is caused in these patients by large deletions involving GNAS or by paternal uniparental isodisomy or heterodisomy of chromosome 20 (patUPD20). Microsatellite and single-nucleotide variation (SNV) data revealed that the two affected sisters share their maternally inherited GNAS alleles with unaffected relatives that lack evidence for abnormal GNAS methylation, thus excluding linkage to this locus. Consistent with these findings, healthy children of two unrelated sporadic PHP-Ib patients had inherited different maternal GNAS alleles, also arguing against linkage to this locus. Based on our data, it appears plausible that some forms of PHP-Ib are caused by homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation(s) in an unknown gene involved in establishing or maintaining GNAS methylation. PMID:21523828

Differences between diploma and baccalaureate dental hygiene education in British Columbia: a qualitative perspective.

PubMed

Sunell, S; McFarlane, Rdd; Biggar, H C

2017-08-01

The British Columbia Ministry of Health in Canada approved a new registration category for dental hygienists in 2012. This category included four abilities that registrants were required to demonstrate at a 4th-year baccalaureate degree level. To identify the differences, if any, between diploma and bachelor's degree education with regard to the 4 legislated abilities focused on the process of care for clients with complex needs and/or disabling conditions including client safety, referrals and interprofessional collaboration. Registrants who had entered practice with a diploma and then gained a baccalaureate degree were invited to participate in an online survey including closed- and open-ended questions. The study was a mixed-method design where the qualitative data were nested concurrently in the open-ended questions; the data were analysed through thematic analysis using grounded theory methods. Respondents (n = 123; 51%) indicated their client care had improved with baccalaureate education due to increased knowledge, increased understanding and increased abilities to make judgements with a particular emphasis on evidence-based decisions. These more advanced abilities provided them with increased confidence for taking action particularly in interprofessional contexts and increased the quality of their decision-making thus leading to better care for clients. Respondents described their dental hygiene services as generally being of a higher standard and specifically in the 4 legislated abilities as a direct result of baccalaureate education. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Pathway to a Baccalaureate in STEM Fields: Community Colleges a Viable Route and Does Early STEM Momentum Matter?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Xueli

2015-01-01

This study examines the effect of beginning at a community college on baccalaureate success in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. In addition, drawing upon a new concept of "STEM momentum," this research explores whether and how STEM baccalaureate success is related to early STEM momentum, as well as whether…

Integrals for IBS and beam cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burov, A.; /Fermilab

Simulation of beam cooling usually requires performing certain integral transformations every time step or so, which is a significant burden on the CPU. Examples are the dispersion integrals (Hilbert transforms) in the stochastic cooling, wake fields and IBS integrals. An original method is suggested for fast and sufficiently accurate computation of the integrals. This method is applied for the dispersion integral. Some methodical aspects of the IBS analysis are discussed.

Integrals for IBS and Beam Cooling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burov, A.

Simulation of beam cooling usually requires performing certain integral transformations every time step or so, which is a significant burden on the CPU. Examples are the dispersion integrals (Hilbert transforms) in the stochastic cooling, wake fields and IBS integrals. An original method is suggested for fast and sufficiently accurate computation of the integrals. This method is applied for the dispersion integral. Some methodical aspects of the IBS analysis are discussed.

Graduation Odds and Probabilities among Baccalaureate Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morrison, Michael C.

2013-01-01

Graduation outcomes are analyzed at public and private baccalaureate colleges and universities in the United States. The purpose is to determine the effect of institutional characteristics on a binary indicator of college graduation. The effect of the percentage of Pell grant recipients on graduation outcomes is of primary interest, controlling…

The Development of a Post-Baccalaureate Certificate Program in Molecular Diagnostics

PubMed Central

Williams, Gail S.; Brown, Judith D.; Keagle, Martha B.

2000-01-01

A post-baccalaureate certificate program in diagnostic molecular sciences was created in 1995 by the Diagnostic Genetic Sciences Program in the School of Allied Health at the University of Connecticut. The required on-campus lecture and laboratory courses include basic laboratory techniques, health care issues, cell biology, immunology, human genetics, research, management, and molecular diagnostic techniques and laboratory in molecular diagnostics. These courses precede a 6-month, full-time practicum at an affiliated full-service molecular laboratory. The practicum includes amplification and blotting methods, a research project, and a choice of specialized electives including DNA sequencing, mutagenesis, in situ hybridization methods, or molecular diagnostic applications in microbiology. Graduates of the program are immediately eligible to sit for the National Credentialing Agency examination in molecular biology to obtain the credential Clinical Laboratory Specialist in Molecular Biology (CLSp(MB). This description of the University of Connecticut program may assist other laboratory science programs in creating similar curricula. PMID:11232107

A Swedish national adoption study of risk of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

PubMed Central

Waehrens, Rasmus; Sundquist, Jan; Sundquist, Kristina; Pirouzifard, MirNabi

2017-01-01

Objectives Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) clusters in families, but the familial risk of IBS has not been determined in adoptees. Studying adoptees and their biological and adoptive parents is a strong study design for separating genetic from environmental causes of familial clustering. This nationwide study aimed to separate the biological (genetic) and familial environmental contribution to the familial transmission of IBS. Methods We performed a family study for Swedish-born adoptees born from 1951 until 1995, and their biological and adoptive parents. The Swedish Multigeneration Register was linked to the Hospital Register (inpatients and outpatients) for the period 1964–2012 and the Swedish Outpatient Care Register for 2001–2012, and the Swedish Primary Healthcare register for 1989–2012. ORs for IBS were calculated for adoptees with an affected biological parent with IBS compared with adoptees without a biological parent with IBS. The OR for IBS was also determined in adoptees with an adoptive parent with IBS compared with adoptees without an adoptive parent with IBS. Heritability h 2 (±SE) was also determined. Results The ORs for IBS were 1.67 in adoptees (95% CI 1.06 to 2.62) of biological parents diagnosed with IBS. The ORs for IBS were 0.88 in adoptees (95% CI 0.48 to 1.63) of adoptive parents diagnosed with IBS. The heritability was 19.5%±8.5%. Conclusions The present study indicates that biological (genetic) factors are important for the familial clustering of IBS. The heritability calculated is in the range from twin studies and suggests that heritability may be estimated in adoptees. PMID:29119001

Prospective Payment and Baccalaureate Nursing Education: Projections for the Future.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Van Ort, Suzanne; And Others

1989-01-01

Changes in the health care delivery system and projected changes in baccalaureate nursing education anticipated in the wake of implementation of the prospective payment system for health care services are examined. The discussion is based on the results of a national survey. (MSE)

``But you're just a physics booster!'' -- Why political advocacy for high school physics is crucial

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cottle, Paul

2010-10-01

There is no shortage of research-based arguments supporting the importance of high school physics. A study from the University of South Florida demonstrates the importance of high school physics for the preparation of future STEM professionals [1]. A white paper from the National Academy of Education [2] states that the usual biology-chemistry-physics sequence in high school is ``out of order'' and points out that students in 9th grade biology classes are taught concepts that make no sense to them because they ``know little about atoms and next to nothing about the chemistry and physics that can help them make sense of these structures and their functions.'' Nevertheless, in Florida the high school physics-taking rate has been declining for several years and a large fraction of the International Baccalaureate programs do not even offer IB Physics. I will argue that physicists must collectively advocate in the political arena for the expansion and improvement of high school physics. I will also provide a few examples of collective actions by scientists that may have influenced the formulation of the new high school graduation requirements in Florida. Finally, I will argue that we must lobby our colleagues in the Colleges of Education to devote their scarce resources to recruiting and training teachers in the physical sciences. [4pt] [1] W. Tyson, R. Lee, K.M. Borman, and M.A. Hanson, {Journal of Education for Students Placed at Risk} 12, 243 (2007). [0pt] [2] National Academy of Education White Paper ``Science and Mathematics Education,'' (http://www.naeducation.org/Science/and/Mathematics/Education/White/Paper.pdf).

Graduate School Choice: An Examination of Individual and Institutional Effects

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

English, David; Umbach, Paul D.

2016-01-01

Using the 2000/01 Baccalaureate & Beyond Longitudinal Study (B&B:00/01), this paper employs multilevel modeling to test a conceptual model of graduate school choice that draws significantly from human capital theory while incorporating the salient concepts of cultural and social capital. The model posits that the graduate school choice…

Work Values Evolution in a Baccalaureate Student Nurse Population

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dietrich, Marie C.

1977-01-01

Differences related to degree aspiration, desired nursing career specialty, and other nursing-related biographical variables were found among the four classes of a sample of 408 full-time non-RN female subjects in a baccalaureate nursing program. These differences were associated with shifts in the work values patterns of the subjects. (Author)

IBS simulation with different RF configurations in RHIC

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, C.; Fedotov, A.; Minty, M.

It is a crucial task to understand the beam emittance growth during RHIC cycle and the underlying causes. One would benefit not just for the current operation of RHIC, also for the design of eRHIC. This report focuses on the Intra-Beam Scattering (IBS) contribution to the emittance growth of the proton beam with two different configurations of RF system. The answers to these questions will be given in the end of the report; can IBS explain the emittance growth all alone? What’s the difference of IBS growth rates for different RF configurations?

International Mindedness: Conceptualizations and Curriculum in an International School in Brazil

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dewey, Nelson Peter

2017-01-01

This dissertation is a qualitative, single case study of an international school in Brazil that explores how school administrators and teachers conceptualize international mindedness, and how it is developed within the curriculum of the International Baccalaureate Diploma Program. I provide a rich description of the context, developing four themes…

Baccalaureate nursing students' perspectives of peer tutoring in simulation laboratory, a Q methodology study.

PubMed

Li, Ting; Petrini, Marcia A; Stone, Teresa E

2018-02-01

The study aim was to identify the perceived perspectives of baccalaureate nursing students toward the peer tutoring in the simulation laboratory. Insight into the nursing students' experiences and baseline data related to their perception of peer tutoring will assist to improve nursing education. Q methodology was applied to explore the students' perspectives of peer tutoring in the simulation laboratory. A convenience P-sample of 40 baccalaureate nursing students was used. Fifty-eight selected Q statements from each participant were classified into the shape of a normal distribution using an 11-point bipolar scale form with a range from -5 to +5. PQ Method software analyzed the collected data. Three discrete factors emerged: Factor I ("Facilitate or empower" knowledge acquisition), Factor II ("Safety Net" Support environment), and Factor III ("Mentoring" learn how to learn). The findings of this study support and indicate that peer tutoring is an effective supplementary strategy to promote baccalaureate students' knowledge acquisition, establishing a supportive safety net and facilitating their abilities to learn in the simulation laboratory. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Patient educational media preferences for information about irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

PubMed

Halpert, Albena; Dalton, Christine B; Palsson, Olafur; Morris, Carolyn; Hu, Yuming; Bangdiwala, Shrikant; Hankins, Jane; Norton, Nancy; Drossman, Douglas A

2008-12-01

To identify the educational media preferences of patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). The IBS-Patient Education Questionnaire (PEQ) was administered to a national sample of IBS patients. Frequencies of item endorsements were compared and meaningful clinical differences were used to identify differences among subgroups. 1,242 patients completed the survey, mean age 39.3 years, 85% female, IBS duration 6.9 years, 79% had seen an MD for IBS within 6 months, and 92.6% used the web for medical information. The most desired source of education was "my doctor" (68%), followed by Internet (62%) and brochure (45%). Notably, patients favored an increase in use of media in the future (past vs. future): doctor (43 vs. 68%); Internet (36 vs. 62%); and brochures (26 vs. 45%). IBS patients expect more education than they have received. Understanding IBS patients' learning preferences can be highly valuable in the development or implementation of educational interventions.

Blastocystis sp. in Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)--Detection in Stool Aspirates during Colonoscopy.

PubMed

Ragavan, Nanthiney Devi; Kumar, Suresh; Chye, Tan Tian; Mahadeva, Sanjiv; Shiaw-Hooi, Ho

2015-01-01

Blastocystis is one of the most common gut parasites found in the intestinal tract of humans and animals. Its' association with IBS is controversial, possibly as a result of irregular shedding of parasites in stool and variation in stool detection. We aimed to screen for Blastocystis in colonic stool aspirate samples in adult patients with and without IBS undergoing colonoscopy for various indications and measure the interleukin levels (IL-8, IL-3 and IL-5). In addition to standard stool culture techniques, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques were employed to detect and subtype Blastocystis. All the serum samples collected were subjected for ELISA studies to measure the interleukin levels (IL-8, IL-3 and IL-5). Among 109 (IBS n = 35 and non-IBS n = 74) adults, direct stool examination and culture of colonic aspirates were initially negative for Blastocystis. However, PCR analysis detected Blastocystis in 6 (17%) IBS and 4 (5.5%) non-IBS patients. In the six positive IBS patients by PCR method, subtype 3 was shown to be the most predominant (3/6: 50%) followed by subtype 4 (2/6; 33.3%) and subtype 5 (1/6; 16.6%). IL-8 levels were significantly elevated in the IBS Blasto group and IBS group (p<0.05) compared to non-IBS and non-IBS Blasto group. The level of IL-3 in were seen to be significantly higher in than IBS Blasto group and IBS group (p<0.05) compared to non-IBS. Meanwhile, the IL-5 levels were significantly higher in IBS Blasto group (p<0.05) compared to non-IBS and non-IBS Blasto group. This study implicates that detecting Blastosystis by PCR method using colonic aspirate samples during colonoscopy, suggests that this may be a better method for sample collection due to the parasite's irregular shedding in Blastocystis-infected stools. Patients with IBS infected with parasite showed an increase in the interleukin levels demonstrate that Blastocystis does have an effect in the immune system.

Abdominal bloating is the most bothersome symptom in irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C): a large population-based Internet survey in Japan.

PubMed

Kanazawa, Motoyori; Miwa, Hiroto; Nakagawa, Ayako; Kosako, Masanori; Akiho, Hiraku; Fukudo, Shin

2016-01-01

Abdominal bloating is a common symptom in patients with irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C). However, it is not included among the required items in the Rome III diagnostic criteria for IBS. Little is known about an impact of abdominal bloating seen in patients with IBS-C. Using a large population-based sample, the aim of the present study was to investigate what is the most bothersome symptom in subjects with IBS-C. An Internet survey of 30,000 adults drawn from the general public throughout Japan was conducted to identify subtypes of IBS using the Rome III diagnostic questionnaire. Consecutively, the screened subjects with IBS-C and the same number of age- and sex-matched non-IBS subjects who were randomly selected as controls were asked to answer a questionnaire on the degree of anxiety they experienced in their daily lives, thoughts about bowel habit, and their dominant gastrointestinal symptoms together with exacerbation factors (for IBS-C only). The screening survey showed that the prevalence of overall IBS was 16.5 % (female 17.4 %, male 15.5 %) and that 2.8 % met the criteria for IBS-C, 4.5 % for IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D) and 8.2 % for mixed IBS (IBS-M). Seven hundred and fifty-nine of 835 (90.9 %) subjects with IBS-C and 746 of 830 (89.9 %) control subjects completed the consecutive questionnaire. IBS-C subjects felt a higher degree of anxiety in their daily lives (p < 0.01) and considered bowel habit to be an indicator of health (p < 0.01) to a greater extent than control subjects. In IBS-C, the degree of anxiety was significantly associated with abdominal discomfort (p < 0.01), pain (p < 0.01) and bloating (p = 0.02), but not with the frequency of bowel habit (p > 0.1). Abdominal bloating was the most bothersome symptom (27.5 %), which was more likely to occur after a meal (52.2 %), at work/school (29.2 %) and during times of stress (26.8 %). Only 4.5 % of IBS-C subjects reported abdominal pain as the

Effects of omitting elective neck irradiation to nodal Level IB in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients with negative Level IB lymph nodes treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy: a Phase 2 study.

PubMed

Li, Mei; Huang, Xiao-Guang; Yang, Zhi-Ning; Lu, Jia-Yang; Zhan, Yi-Zhou; Xie, Wen-Jia; Zhou, Dong-Jie; Wang, Li; Zhu, Di-Xia; Lin, Zhi-Xiong

2016-09-01

To investigate the need for elective neck irradiation (ENI) to nodal Level IB in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) with negative Level IB lymph nodes (IB-negative) treated by intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT). We conducted a Phase 2 prospective study in 123 newly diagnosed IB-negative patients with NPC treated by IMRT, who met at least 1 of the following criteria: (1) unilateral or bilateral Level II involvement with 1 of the following: Level IIA involvement or any Level II node ≥2 cm/with extracapsular spread; (2) ≥2 unilateral node-positive regions. Bilateral Level IB nodes were not contoured as part of the treatment target and treated electively. Level IB regional recurrence rate; pattern of treatment failure; 3-year overall survival (3y-OS), 3-year local control (3y-LC) and 3-year regional control (3y-RC) rates; toxicities; and dosimetric data for planning target volumes, organs at risk, Level IB and submandibular glands (SMGs) were evaluated. Two patients developed failures at Level IB (1.6%). The 3y-LC, 3y-RC and 3y-OS rates were 93.5%, 93.5% and 78.0%, respectively. Bilateral Level IB received unplanned high-dose irradiation with a mean dose (Dmean) ≥50 Gy in 60% of patients. The average Dmean of bilateral SMGs was approximately 53 Gy. ENI to Level IB may be unnecessary in IB-negative patients with NPC treated by IMRT. A further Phase 3 study is warranted. Based on the results of this first Phase 2 study, we suggest omitting ENI to Level IB in Ib-negative patients with NPC with extensive nodal disease treated by IMRT.

The lived experience of part-time baccalaureate nursing faculty.

PubMed

Gazza, Elizabeth A; Shellenbarger, Teresa

2010-01-01

Hiring part-time nursing faculty may impact students, faculty careers, and the institution. Yet, little has been studied, particularly in nursing, regarding the experiences of these faculty. This hermeneutic phenomenological study seeks to understand the lived experience of being a part-time faculty member in a baccalaureate nursing program. Through purposive and snowball sampling, nine nursing faculty in part-time positions in northeastern baccalaureate nursing programs participated in in-depth personal interviews. Four themes were uncovered during data analysis, including achieving the dream, a group divided, for the love of the students, and jump in and figure it out. Results of the study seem to indicate that the experience of being a part-time faculty differs in several ways from being a full-time faculty. Understanding part-time faculty experiences provides insight into faculty needs, issues, and concerns while facilitating the development of research-based recruitment and retention strategies. Recommendations for those involved in nursing education, including nursing faculty and administrators, are provided. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A Correlational Study Examining Demonstrated Emotional Intelligence and Perceptions of School Climate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anderson, Chris James

2016-01-01

A quantitative study with a correlational design, this research investigated whether certified teachers' ratings of their school leader's demonstrated emotional intelligence behaviors correlated with the teacher's perceptions of school climate. A sample of 42 graduate and post baccalaureate students from a Mid-Atlantic region college accessed a…

Motility response to colonic distention is increased in postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS).

PubMed

Kanazawa, M; Palsson, O S; van Tilburg, M A L; Gangarosa, L M; Fukudo, S; Whitehead, W E

2014-05-01

Acute intestinal infection leads to persistent intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility and pain hypersensitivity after resolution of the infection in animal models. We investigated whether postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is associated with abnormalities in phasic contractions of the colon, smooth muscle tone, and pain sensitivity compared to non-PI-IBS (NI-IBS) or healthy controls (HC). Two hundred and eighteen Rome III-positive IBS patients and 43 HC participated. IBS patients were designated PI-IBS, if their IBS symptoms began following an episode of gastroenteritis characterized by two or more of: fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Pain threshold to phasic distentions of the descending colon was assessed using a barostat. Colonic motility was assessed with the barostat bag minimally inflated to the individual operating pressure (IOP), at 20 mmHg above the IOP, and following a test meal. IBS symptom severity and psychological symptoms were assessed by the IBS Severity Scale (IBS-SS) and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Twenty two (10.1%) met criteria for PI-IBS. Both IBS and HC groups showed a significant increase in motility index during intraluminal distention and following meals. The magnitude of the response to distention above (orad to) the balloon was significantly greater in PI-IBS compared with NI-IBS (p < 0.05) or HC (p < 0.01). Differences between PI-IBS and NI-IBS were not significant for IBS symptom severity, pain threshold, barostat bag volumes, or any psychological score on the BSI-18. Patients with PI-IBS have greater colonic hypercontractility than NI-IBS. We speculate that sustained mild mucosal inflammation may cause this colonic irritability. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Baccalaureate Accounting Student Mentors' Social Representations of Their Mentorship Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roy, Vicky; Brown, Patricia A.

2016-01-01

Mentorship has been shown to enhance engagement, participation, and understanding of the workplace through the development of soft-skills and leadership capacity. This research identifies and describes the social representations of second and third year Baccalaureate accounting students relating to their experiences in mentoring first year…

Improving Transfer Student Baccalaureate Completion through Higher Education Centers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gonzalez, Jeffery Mark

2013-01-01

According to the National Center for Education Statistics (Aud et al., 2013), only 10.6% of students who started at a two-year institution in the 2003-2004 year successfully completed a baccalaureate degree from a four-year institution within six years. Two- and four-year institutions are looking for new strategies to improve transfer student…

Strategic Decision Making in Community Colleges: An Exploration of Issues Relevant to Decision Making to Confer Community College Baccalaureate Degrees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Currier, Charles W.

2012-01-01

This qualitative case study explores the process community college senior administrators employ when assessing the complex strategic decision to confer community college baccalaureate degrees. Strategic opportunities, such as conferring baccalaureate degrees, occur infrequently thus community college leaders must be prepared to act quickly and…

Community College Baccalaureate: A Fixed Effects, Multi-Year Study of the Influence of State Policy on Nursing Degree Production

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daun-Barnett, Nathan

2011-01-01

For the past 10 years, a growing number of community colleges in the US have begun to offer baccalaureate degrees across a range of targeted programmes including business, education, and nursing. This study examines whether community college baccalaureate policies result in an increased production of nurses--currently a policy priority in nearly…

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib associated with novel duplications in the GNAS locus.

PubMed

Perez-Nanclares, Gustavo; Velayos, Teresa; Vela, Amaya; Muñoz-Torres, Manuel; Castaño, Luis

2015-01-01

Pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1b (PHP-Ib) is characterized by renal resistance to PTH (and, sometimes, a mild resistance to TSH) and absence of any features of Albright's hereditary osteodystrophy. Patients with PHP-Ib suffer of defects in the methylation pattern of the complex GNAS locus. PHP-Ib can be either sporadic or inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern. Whereas familial PHP-Ib is well characterized at the molecular level, the genetic cause of sporadic PHP-Ib cases remains elusive, although some molecular mechanisms have been associated with this subtype. The aim of the study was to investigate the molecular and imprinting defects in the GNAS locus in two unrelated patients with PHP-Ib. We have analyzed the GNAS locus by direct sequencing, Methylation-Specific Multiplex Ligation-dependent Probe Amplification, microsatellites, Quantitative Multiplex PCR of Short Fluorescent fragments and array-Comparative Genomic Hybridization studies in order to characterize two unrelated families with clinical features of PHP-Ib. We identified two duplications in the GNAS region in two patients with PHP-Ib: one of them, comprising ∼ 320 kb, occurred 'de novo' in the patient, whereas the other one, of ∼ 179 kb in length, was inherited from the maternal allele. In both cases, no other known genetic cause was observed. In this article, we describe the to-our-knowledge biggest duplications reported so far in the GNAS region. Both are associated to PHP-Ib, one of them occurring 'de novo' and the other one being maternally inherited.

Post-infectious IBS, tropical sprue and small intestinal bacterial overgrowth: the missing link.

PubMed

Ghoshal, Uday C; Gwee, Kok-Ann

2017-07-01

Evidence is emerging that IBS, a hitherto enigmatic disorder thought to be predominantly related to psychological factors, has a microorganic basis in a subset of patients with the disease. Post-infectious IBS (PI-IBS), commonly of the diarrhoea-predominant subtype (defined as new development of IBS following acute infectious diarrhoea), is one such condition known to occur in up to 10-30% individuals after acute gastroenteritis. However, following acute infectious gastroenteritis, patients can also develop post-infectious malabsorption syndrome (PI-MAS), popularly known as tropical sprue. As no study on PI-IBS has rigorously excluded tropical sprue by appropriate investigations, including small intestinal biopsy, the frequency of tropical sprue among patients with PI-IBS is not known. Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) has been suggested to be associated with IBS in general, and in particular diarrhoea-predominant IBS, including PI-IBS. SIBO is also known to be associated with tropical sprue. As both IBS, particularly the subset probably associated with SIBO, and tropical sprue improve with antibiotic treatment, we provide evidence and an explanatory model to support a link among these disorders.

Integrated Baseline System (IBS), Version 1. 03. [Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bailey, B.M.; Burford, M.J.; Downing, T.R.

The Integrated Baseline System (IBS), operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is a system of computerized tools for emergency planing and analysis. This document is the user guide for the IBS and explains how to operate the IBS system. The fundamental function of the IBS is to provide tools that civilian emergency management personnel can use in developing emergency plans and in supporting emergency management activities to cope with a chemical-releasing event at a military chemical stockpile. Emergency management planners can evaluate concepts and ideas using the IBS system. The results of that experience can then be factoredmore » into refining requirements and plans. This document provides information for the general system user, and is the primary reference for the system features of the IBS. It is designed for persons who are familiar with general emergency management concepts, operations, and vocabulary. Although the IBS manual set covers basic and advanced operations, it is not a complete reference document set. Emergency situation modeling software in the IBS is supported by additional technical documents. Some of the other LBS software is commercial software for which more complete documentation is available. The IBS manuals reference such documentation where necessary. IBS is a dynamic system. Its capabilities are in a state of continuing expansion and enhancement.« less

Education, licensure, and certification of school nurses: position statement.

PubMed

2013-07-01

It is the position of the National Association of School Nurses (NASN) that every school-age child deserves a school nurse who has a baccalaureate degree in nursing from an accredited college or university and is licensed as a registered nurse through the state board of nursing. These requirements constitute minimal preparation needed to practice at the entry level of school nursing (American Nurses Association [ANA] & NASN, 2011). Additionally, NASN supports state school nurse certification, where required, and promotes national certification of school nurses through the National Board for Certification of School Nurses.

Impact of learning adaptability and time management disposition on study engagement among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Liu, Jing-Ying; Liu, Yan-Hui; Yang, Ji-Peng

2014-01-01

The aim of this study was to explore the relationships among study engagement, learning adaptability, and time management disposition in a sample of Chinese baccalaureate nursing students. A convenient sample of 467 baccalaureate nursing students was surveyed in two universities in Tianjin, China. Students completed a questionnaire that included their demographic information, Chinese Utrecht Work Engagement Scale-Student Questionnaire, Learning Adaptability Scale, and Adolescence Time Management Disposition Scale. One-way analysis of variance tests were used to assess the relationship between certain characteristics of baccalaureate nursing students. Pearson correlation was performed to test the correlation among study engagement, learning adaptability, and time management disposition. Hierarchical linear regression analyses were performed to explore the mediating role of time management disposition. The results revealed that study engagement (F = 7.20, P < .01) and learning adaptability (F = 4.41, P < .01) differed across grade groups. Learning adaptability (r = 0.382, P < .01) and time management disposition (r = 0.741, P < .01) were positively related with study engagement. Time management disposition had a partially mediating effect on the relationship between study engagement and learning adaptability. The findings implicate that educators should not only promote interventions to increase engagement of baccalaureate nursing students but also focus on development, investment in adaptability, and time management. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IBS FOR ION DISTRIBUTION UNDER ELECTRON COOLING.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

FEDOTOV,A.V.; BEN-ZVI,I.; EIDELMAN, YU.

Standard models of the intra-beam scattering (IBS) are based on the growth of the rms beam parameters for a Gaussian distribution. As a result of electron cooling, the core of beam distribution is cooled much faster than the tails, producing a denser core. In this paper, we compare various approaches to IBS treatment for such distribution. Its impact on the luminosity is also discussed.

New insights into visceral hypersensitivity —clinical implications in IBS

PubMed Central

Zhou, QiQi; Verne, G. Nicholas

2012-01-01

A subset of patients with IBS have visceral hypersensitivity and/or somatic hypersensitivity. Visceral hypersensitivity might have use as a clinical marker of IBS and could account for symptoms of urgency for bowel movements, bloating and abdominal pain. The mechanisms that lead to chronic visceral hypersensitivity in patients who have IBS are unclear. However, several working models may be considered, including: nociceptive input from the colon that leads to hypersensitivity; increased intestinal permeability that induces a visceral nociceptive drive; and alterations in the expression of microRNAs in gastrointestinal tissue that might be delivered via blood microvesicles to other target organs, such as the peripheral and/or central nervous system. As such, the chronic visceral hypersensitivity that is present in a subset of patients with IBS might be maintained by both peripheral and central phenomena. The theories underlying the development of chronic visceral hypersensitivity in patients with IBS are supported by findings from new animal models in which hypersensitivity follows transient inflammation of the colon. The presence of somatic hypersensitivity and an alteration in the neuroendocrine system in some patients who have IBS suggests that multisystemic factors are involved in the overall disorder. Thus, IBS is similar to other chronic pain disorders, such as fibromyalgia, chronic regional pain disorder and temporomandibular joint disorder, as chronic nociceptive mechanisms are activated in all of these disorders. PMID:21643039

Emerging treatments in neurogastroenterology: eluxadoline - a new therapeutic option for diarrhea-predominant IBS.

PubMed

Lacy, B E

2016-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. The global prevalence of IBS is estimated to be as high as 15%. For many patients, IBS is a chronic disorder which can significantly reduce quality of life. Just as important as the effects on any one individual, IBS also places a significant impact on the population as a whole with its negative effects on the health care system. Irritable bowel syndrome is categorized into one of three main categories: IBS with diarrhea, IBS with constipation, and IBS with mixed bowel habits. Patients with diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) comprise a substantial proportion of the overall IBS population. A number of therapeutic options exist to treat the symptoms of abdominal pain, bloating, diarrhea, and fecal urgency, including non-pharmacologic therapies such as dietary changes and probiotics, or pharmacologic therapies such as loperamide and alosetron. However, many patients have persistent symptoms despite these therapies. This unmet need led to the development of eluxadoline, a mu-opioid receptor agonist/delta-opioid receptor antagonist/kappa-receptor agonist. Approved by the FDA in May 2015, this medication shows promise in the treatment of diarrhea-predominant IBS for both men and women. This monograph will briefly review the impact of IBS, discuss current treatments for IBS-D, and then focus on the pharmacology, clinical efficacy and safety of eluxadoline. Potential mechanisms related to rare events of acute pancreatitis or elevated liver tests will be discussed. © 2015 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Quality of life in patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), assessed using the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) measure after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide: results of an international prospective observational cohort study in Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China.

PubMed

Hou, Xiaohua; Chen, Shengliang; Zhang, Yali; Sha, Weihong; Yu, Xiaofeng; Elsawah, Hesham; Afifi, Afifi Fahmy; El-Khayat, Hisham Raafat; Nouh, Alaa; Hassan, Mohamed Fathalla; Fatah, Ayman Abdel; Rucker Joerg, Isabel; Sánchez Núñez, Juan Manuel; Osthoff Rueda, Rodolfo; Jurkowska, Grazyna; Walczak, Michal; Malecka-Panas, Ewa; Linke, Krzysztof; Hartleb, Marek; Janssen-van Solingen, Gwendolyn

2014-11-01

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) has a substantial impact on health-related quality of life (HR-QoL) but high-quality data pre- and post-treatment using the IBS-Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) measure are limited. The objective of this study was to evaluate the changes from baseline of the IBS-QOL scores, symptom scores and health economic data in IBS patients, after 4 and 8 weeks of treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide. This was a prospective observational cohort study in patients with IBS, diagnosed using the Rome III criteria in four countries (Poland, Egypt, Mexico and China). A total of 607 patients were enrolled. At baseline, the IBS-QOL total scores were 52.0 in Poland, 48.9 in Egypt, 51.9 in Mexico, 76.4 in China and 56.4 overall. Increases in IBS-QOL total score were statistically significant at Weeks 4 and 8 overall and in each country (overall: 11.8 at Week 4, 24.3 at Week 8; p < 0.001). Improvements were shown in all IBS-QOL subscales and scores. Symptoms and health economic outcomes were improved. Furthermore, the favourable safety profile of these treatments was confirmed in this study. This study demonstrated that IBS patients have a substantially reduced HR-QoL and that treatment with mebeverine hydrochloride or pinaverium bromide improved HR-QoL.

Randomised controlled trial of mesalazine in IBS

PubMed Central

Barbara, Giovanni; Cremon, Cesare; Annese, Vito; Basilisco, Guido; Bazzoli, Franco; Bellini, Massimo; Benedetti, Antonio; Benini, Luigi; Bossa, Fabrizio; Buldrini, Paola; Cicala, Michele; Cuomo, Rosario; Germanà, Bastianello; Molteni, Paola; Neri, Matteo; Rodi, Marcello; Saggioro, Alfredo; Scribano, Maria Lia; Vecchi, Maurizio; Zoli, Giorgio; Corinaldesi, Roberto; Stanghellini, Vincenzo

2016-01-01

Objective Low-grade intestinal inflammation plays a role in the pathophysiology of IBS. In this trial, we aimed at evaluating the efficacy and safety of mesalazine in patients with IBS. Design We conducted a phase 3, multicentre, tertiary setting, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial in patients with Rome III confirmed IBS. Patients were randomly assigned to either mesalazine, 800 mg, or placebo, three times daily for 12 weeks, and were followed for additional 12 weeks. The primary efficacy endpoint was satisfactory relief of abdominal pain/discomfort for at least half of the weeks of the treatment period. The key secondary endpoint was satisfactory relief of overall IBS symptoms. Supportive analyses were also performed classifying as responders patients with a percentage of affirmative answers of at least 75% or >75% of time. Results A total of 185 patients with IBS were enrolled from 21 centres. For the primary endpoint, the responder patients were 68.6% in the mesalazine group versus 67.4% in the placebo group (p=0.870; 95% CI −12.8 to 15.1). In explorative analyses, with the 75% rule or >75% rule, the percentage of responders was greater in the mesalazine group with a difference over placebo of 11.6% (p=0.115; 95% CI −2.7% to 26.0%) and 5.9% (p=0.404; 95% CI −7.8% to 19.4%), respectively, although these differences were not significant. For the key secondary endpoint, overall symptoms improved in the mesalazine group and reached a significant difference of 15.1% versus placebo (p=0.032; 95% CI 1.5% to 28.7%) with the >75% rule. Conclusions Mesalazine treatment was not superior than placebo on the study primary endpoint. However, a subgroup of patients with IBS showed a sustained therapy response and benefits from a mesalazine therapy. Trial registration number ClincialTrials.gov number, NCT00626288. PMID:25533646

Financial Condition and Tuition in Private Nonprofit Baccalaureate Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peruso, Dominick F., Jr.

2012-01-01

The rate of tuition inflation at U.S. colleges and universities is alarming and threatens both access and choice. Private nonprofit baccalaureate colleges often possess the highest tuition rates but routinely face financial challenges. This study was designed to better understand the relationship between tuition and financial condition for the…

A 10-year retrospective study of teaching nursing diagnosis to baccalaureate students in Italy.

PubMed

Palese, Alvisa; De Silvestre, Daniele; Valoppi, Graziella; Tomietto, Marco

2009-01-01

The aim of this 10-year retrospective study was to evaluate the impact of teaching nursing process to students at different levels of baccalaureate education, using the North American Nursing Diagnosis Association International (NANDA-I) Taxonomy. Nursing care plans written between 1996 and 2006 by 3,784 students who had completed a baccalaureate course in nursing process at a university in northern Italy were evaluated. At least three of the four steps of the nursing process were included in the evaluation: assessing, planning, intervening, and evaluating. An average of 6.3 (range 0-31; +/-3.9; median 6) problems were identified in each care plan. Of these, 5.1 (range 0-29; +/-3.06; median 5) were related to nursing diagnoses concerning either an actual problem or the risk of developing a problem; the remaining 1.2 (range 0-20; +/-1.9; median 0) diagnoses were concerned either with collaborative problems or with potential complications. The students demonstrated significant improvement in accurately identifying 75 diagnostic titles from the NANDA-I Taxonomy as they progressed through their first, second, and third years of baccalaureate study. These findings suggest that the ability to use the NANDA-I Taxonomy accurately is acquired over time. Thus, the theory and practice of using nursing process should be introduced in a formal course during the first year of baccalaureate nursing education and should be reinforced throughout the remaining courses. Students can then progressively improve their knowledge, critical thinking abilities, and use of the NANDA-I Taxonomy during their second and third years of study. Teaching strategies to reinforce students' learning are recommended.

Integrated Baseline System (IBS) Version 2.0: Utilities Guide

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burford, M.J.; Downing, T.R.; Williams, J.R.

1994-03-01

The Integrated Baseline System (IBS) is an emergency management planning and analysis tool being developed under the direction of the US Army Nuclear and Chemical Agency. This Utilities Guide explains how you can use the IBS utility programs to manage and manipulate various kinds of IBS data. These programs include utilities for creating, editing, and displaying maps and other data that are referenced to geographic location. The intended audience for this document are chiefly data managers but also system managers and some emergency management planners and analysts.

Motility Response to Colonic Distention is Increased in Post-infectious Irritable Bowel Syndrome (PI-IBS)

PubMed Central

Kanazawa, Motoyori; Palsson, Olafur S.; van Tilburg, Miranda A.L.; Gangarosa, Lisa M.; Fukudo, Shin; Whitehead., William E.

2015-01-01

Background Acute intestinal infection leads to persistent intestinal smooth muscle hypercontractility and pain hypersensitivity after resolution of the infection in animal models. We investigated whether post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) is associated with abnormalities in phasic contractions of the colon, smooth muscle tone and pain sensitivity compared to non-PI-IBS (NI-IBS) or healthy controls (HC). Methods 218 Rome III positive IBS patients and 43 healthy controls participated. IBS patients were designated PI-IBS if their IBS symptoms began following an episode of gastroenteritis characterized by 2 or more of: fever, vomiting, or diarrhea. Pain threshold to phasic distentions of the descending colon was assessed using a barostat. Colonic motility was assessed with the barostat bag minimally inflated to the individual operating pressure (IOP), at 20 mmHg above the IOP, and following a test meal. IBS symptom severity and psychological symptoms were assessed by the IBS Severity Scale (IBS-SS) and the Brief Symptom Inventory-18 (BSI-18). Key Results Twenty-two (10.1%) met criteria for PI-IBS. Both IBS and HC groups showed a significant increase in motility index during intraluminal distention and following meals. The magnitude of the response to distention above (orad to) the balloon was significantly greater in PI-IBS compared with NI-IBS (p<0.05) or HC (p<0.01). Differences between PI-IBS and NI-IBS were not significant for IBS symptom severity, pain threshold, barostat bag volumes, or any psychological score on the BSI-18. Conclusions & Inferences Patients with PI-IBS have greater colonic hypercontractility than NI-IBS. We speculate that sustained mild mucosal inflammation may cause this colonic irritability. PMID:24602083

Post-Baccalaureate Reverse Transfer Students in Iowa: 2006 to 2008

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leigh, Rachel A.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this descriptive, exploratory study investigates the number of students who hold a bachelor's degree or higher attending Iowa's fifteen community colleges between fiscal years 2006 and 2008. This group of students is referred to as post-baccalaureate reverse transfer (PBRT) students in the literature and in this paper. This study…

Assessing Baccalaureate Advertising Education Outcome Utilizing Marketing Education Curriculum Development Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ganahl, Dennis J.; Ganahl, Richard J., III

The purpose of this paper is to compare and contrast the mission and scope of professional/baccalaureate advertising education with Marketing Education curriculum and instruction strategies to enhance advertising students' outcome. Sixty-five colleges and universities with advertising education departments, sequences, or areas of emphasis…

Administrator and Faculty Perspectives Regarding Community College Baccalaureate Degrees in Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Petrosian, Anahid

2013-01-01

This quantitative correlational study examined administrator and faculty perspectives regarding factors that may have contributed to the development of community college baccalaureate degrees in Texas. It was hypothesized that factors such as student need, workforce need, college relations, and college mission were linearly and positively…

Benefits and Challenges of Service-Learning in Baccalaureate Social Work Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schelbe, Lisa; Petracchi, Helen E.; Weaver, Addie

2014-01-01

Service-learning is a pedagogical approach that integrates students' classroom instruction with community experience. This article discusses qualitative results from a national survey examining service-learning in Council on Social Work Education--accredited baccalaureate programs. Almost 80% of the 202 program respondents required…

The Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate Programs: The Graduates' Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Shannon Saxby

2009-01-01

This study was designed to solicit the perspectives of AP and IB graduates who have completed at least one semester of postsecondary education about their experiences while in their respective programs. This study was also conducted to determine whether these IB graduates report that they were better prepared for postsecondary studies than…

The effects of a hardiness educational intervention on hardiness and perceived stress of junior baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Jameson, Paula R

2014-04-01

Baccalaureate nursing education is stressful. The stress encompasses a range of academic, personal, clinical, and social reasons. A hardiness educational program, a tool for stress management, based on theory, research, and practice, exists to enhance the attitudes and coping strategies of hardiness (Maddi, 2007; Maddi et al., 2002). Research has shown that students who completed the hardiness educational program, subsequently improved in grade point average (GPA), college retention rates, and health (Maddi et al., 2002). Little research has been done to explore the effects of hardiness education with junior baccalaureate nursing students. Early identification of hardiness, the need for hardiness education, or stress management in this population may influence persistence in and completion of a nursing program (Hensel and Stoelting-Gettelfinger, 2011). Therefore, the aims were to determine if an increase in hardiness and a decrease in perceived stress in junior baccalaureate nursing students occurred in those who participated in a hardiness intervention. The application of the Hardiness Model and the Roy Adaptation Model established connections and conceptual collaboration among stress, stimuli, adaptation, and hardi-coping. A quasi-experimental non-equivalent control group with pre-test and post-test was used with a convenience sample of full-time junior level baccalaureate nursing students. Data were collected from August 2011 to December 2011. Results of statistical analyses by paired t-tests revealed that the hardiness intervention did not have a statistically significant effect on increasing hardiness scores. The hardiness intervention did have a statistically significant effect on decreasing perceived stress scores. The significant decrease in perceived stress was congruent with the Hardiness Model and the Roy Adaptation Model. Further hardiness research among junior baccalaureate nursing students, utilizing the entire hardiness intervention, was recommended

2-Alkynoic fatty acids inhibit topoisomerase IB from Leishmania donovani.

PubMed

Carballeira, Néstor M; Cartagena, Michelle; Sanabria, David; Tasdemir, Deniz; Prada, Christopher F; Reguera, Rosa M; Balaña-Fouce, Rafael

2012-10-01

2-Alkynoic fatty acids display antimycobacterial, antifungal, and pesticidal activities but their antiprotozoal activity has received little attention. In this work we synthesized the 2-octadecynoic acid (2-ODA), 2-hexadecynoic acid (2-HDA), and 2-tetradecynoic acid (2-TDA) and show that 2-ODA is the best inhibitor of the Leishmania donovani DNA topoisomerase IB enzyme (LdTopIB) with an EC(50)=5.3±0.7μM. The potency of LdTopIB inhibition follows the trend 2-ODA>2-HDA>2-TDA, indicating that the effectiveness of inhibition depends on the fatty acid carbon chain length. All of the studied 2-alkynoic fatty acids were less potent inhibitors of the human topoisomerase IB enzyme (hTopIB) as compared to LdTopIB. 2-ODA also displayed in vitro activity against Leishmania donovani (IC(50)=11.0μM), but it was less effective against other protozoa, Trypanosoma cruzi (IC(50)=48.1μM) and Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense (IC(50)=64.5μM). The antiprotozoal activity of the 2-alkynoic fatty acids, in general, followed the trend 2-ODA>2-HDA>2-TDA. The experimental information gathered so far indicates that 2-ODA is a promising antileishmanial compound. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet improves symptoms in adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to standard IBS diet: A meta-analysis of clinical studies.

PubMed

Varjú, Péter; Farkas, Nelli; Hegyi, Péter; Garami, András; Szabó, Imre; Illés, Anita; Solymár, Margit; Vincze, Áron; Balaskó, Márta; Pár, Gabriella; Bajor, Judit; Szűcs, Ákos; Huszár, Orsolya; Pécsi, Dániel; Czimmer, József

2017-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional digestive tract disorders, e.g. functional bloating, carbohydrate maldigestion and intolerances, are very common disorders frequently causing significant symptoms that challenge health care systems. A low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet is one of the possible therapeutic approaches for decreasing abdominal symptoms and improving quality of life. We aimed to meta-analyze data on the therapeutic effect of a low-FODMAP diet on symptoms of IBS and quality of life and compare its effectiveness to a regular, standard IBS diet with high FODMAP content, using a common scoring system, the IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS). A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library as well as in the references in a recent meta-analysis. Adult patients diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome II, Rome III, Rome IV or NICE criteria were included in the analysis. Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated from studies that contained means, standard deviation (SD) or mean differences and SD of differences and p-values. A random effect model was used because of the heterogeneity (Q test (χ2) and I2 indicator). A p-value of less than 0.05 was chosen to indicate a significant difference. The literature search yielded 902 publications, but only 10 were eligible for our meta-analysis. Both regular and low-FODMAP diets proved to be effective in IBS, but post-diet IBS-SSS values were significantly lower (p = 0.002) in the low-FODMAP group. The low-FODMAP diet showed a correlation with the improvement of general symptoms (by IBS-SSS) in patients with IBS. This meta-analysis provides high-grade evidence of an improved general symptom score among patients with irritable bowel syndrome who have maintained a low-FODMAP diet compared to those on a traditional IBS diet, therefore showing its superiority to regular IBS dietary therapy. These

RN Baccalaureate Education: A Process-Product Evaluation, 1979-1983. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobsen, Marilyn-Lu W.; Sabritt, David

Processes and outcomes associated with baccalaureate education for registered nurses were studied longitudinally as part of the Sleuthing Nursing Pathways Project. Participants included about 500 registered nurses who entered the Bachelor of Science in Nursing (BSN) programs at the University of Kentucky, the University of Louisville, Northern…

Assessing the Need for Community College Baccalaureate Degree Programs in Mississippi

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Johannah Bell

2010-01-01

This study involved assessing the professional and personal opinions of Mississippi community college students, faculty and administrators regarding the need for community college baccalaureate degree programs in Mississippi. The goal of this study was to determine if students, faculty and administrators at Mississippi community colleges believed…

Factors Influencing Clinical Performance of Baccalaureate Nursing Majors: A Retrospective Audit.

PubMed

Johnston, Sandra; Fox, Amanda; Coyer, Fiona Maree

2018-06-01

Transition of nursing student to new graduate depends on successful completion of clinical work placement during an undergraduate course. Supporting students during the clinical placement is imperative. This study examined associations between grade point average, domestic or international status, course entry qualification, and single or dual nursing degree to successful completion of clinical placement. A retrospective audit of 665 students in a baccalaureate nursing program was conducted to examine factors influencing clinical performance of baccalaureate nursing students. A significant association between entry qualification, lower grade point average, international status, and receipt of a constructive note was found: χ 2 = 8.678, df = 3, p = .034, t(3.862), df = 663, p ⩽ .001, and Fisher's exact test = 8.581, df = 1, p = .003, respectively. Understanding factors that affect clinical performance may help early identification of students at risk and allow for supportive intervention during placement and subsequent program completion. [J Nurs Educ. 2018;57(6):333-338.]. Copyright 2018, SLACK Incorporated.

A sense of belonging and perceived stress among baccalaureate nursing students in clinical placements.

PubMed

Grobecker, Patricia A

2016-01-01

The rigorous efforts students put into baccalaureate nursing programs to become a professional nurse is compounded by their need to have a sense of belonging in their clinical placements. In addition, the students' perceived stress may contribute to their physiological and psychological wellbeing undermining academic achievements and confidence. A sense of belonging and perceived stress have research history in psychological and sociological realms; but not used together in the nursing profession as applied in clinical placements. The Perceived Stress Scale is a psychological instrument used globally; however, the Belongingness Scale-Clinical Placement Experience (BES-CPE) measurement tool has not been used in published research in the United States. A descriptive correlational research design examining the relationship between a sense of belonging and perceived stress among baccalaureate nursing students in clinical placements. Three measurement tools were used for data collection: BES-CPE, Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10) and demographic questionnaire. Students were able to access the online survey through SurveyMonkey®. A national study was conducted using 1296 volunteer nursing students from the National Student Nurses Association (NSNA) database. These nursing students were currently enrolled in a baccalaureate nursing program, 18years of age and completed at least one clinical experience. The findings from this study revealed a statistically significant low inverse relationship (r=-.277) between a sense of belonging and perceived stress among baccalaureate nursing students in their clinical placements. The findings also supported the use of BES-CPE as a reliable and valid measurement tool for nursing students in clinical placements. The results of this study supported the concept of a sense of belonging as a fundamental human need, having a positive influence and impact on students' learning, motivation and confidence. In contrast, perceived stress has

Motivational Factors in Registered Nurses Completing a Baccalaureate Completion Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alonzo, Amanda L.

2009-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study was to investigate what motivates associate degree (AND) and diploma prepared registered nurses (RN) to pursue a baccalaureate degree (BSN) through an RN-to-BSN program. Studies have shown that the educational level of nurses has direct impact on the safety and quality of care provided to patients.…

A Baccalaureate Education Curriculum to Prepare Dental Hygienists for Expanded Public Health Practice.

PubMed

Rowley, Lisa J; Stein, Susan M

2016-06-01

A baccalaureate dental hygiene education program was intentionally designed and implemented to prepare dental hygienists to work in expanded public health practice. Expanded practice dental hygienists (EPDH) in Oregon practice without the supervision of a dentist to provide dental hygiene services for underserved patients with limited access to dental care. Ten competencies were identified for the successful EPDH, and then these competencies were incorporated into the curriculum of a baccalaureate dental hygiene program. When recent graduates of the innovative program were surveyed, results indicated that they felt well prepared for expanded practice, they had a high level of interest in working as an EPDH, and all were planning to apply for an expanded practice permit. Two graduates and their unique contributions to individuals in need are profiled. Intentional preparation of dental hygienists for expanded public health roles suggested the need for a baccalaureate curriculum designed specifically for that purpose. Advocacy and collaboration among educators, legislators, and administrators in Oregon led to the development and implementation of such an innovative dental hygiene education program at Pacific University. Graduates are likely to pursue opportunities working as EPDHs. Further research will document the viability of this purposefully designed curriculum to prepare dental hygienists to help meet the public need for optimal oral health. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Motivators and barriers to returning to school: RN to BSN.

PubMed

Romp, Celeste R; Kiehl, Ermalynn M; Bickett, Anette; Bledsoe, Sarah F; Brown, Debbie S; Eitel, Stephanie B; Wall, Mary Patricia

2014-01-01

With national emphasis on increasing baccalaureate-prepared nurses, the role of the staff development educator of promoting lifelong learning is ideal for advising and mentoring non-bachelor's-prepared nurses to return to school. However, an understanding of the motivators and barriers for nurses to return to school is essential for success. A descriptive correlational research study was completed to determine the motivators and barriers of returning to school for registered nurses without a bachelor's degree.

HLA class Ib in pregnancy and pregnancy-related disorders.

PubMed

Persson, Gry; Melsted, Wenna Nascimento; Nilsson, Line Lynge; Hviid, Thomas Vauvert F

2017-08-01

The HLA class Ib genes, HLA-E, HLA-F, and HLA-G, were discovered long after the classical HLA class Ia genes. The elucidation of their functions had a modest beginning. However, their basic functions and involvement in pathophysiology and a range of diseases are now emerging. Although results from a range of studies support the functional roles for the HLA class Ib molecules in adult life, especially HLA-G and HLA-F have most intensively been, and were also primarily, studied in relation to reproduction and pregnancy. The expression of HLA class Ib proteins at the feto-maternal interface in the placenta seems to be important for the maternal acceptance of the semi-allogenic fetus. In contrast to the functions of HLA class Ia, HLA-G possesses immune-modulatory and tolerogenic functions. Here, we review an accumulating amount of data describing the functions of HLA class Ib molecules in relation to fertility, reproduction, and pregnancy, and a possible role for these molecules in certain pregnancy complications, such as implantation failure, recurrent spontaneous abortions, and pre-eclampsia. The results from different kinds of studies point toward a role for HLA class Ib, especially HLA-G, throughout the reproductive cycle from conception to the birth weight of the child.

Is a Baccalaureate in Nursing Worth It? The Return to Education, 2000–2008

PubMed Central

Spetz, Joanne; Bates, Timothy

2013-01-01

Objective. A registered nurse (RN) license can be obtained by completing a baccalaureate degree (BSN), an associate degree (AD), or a diploma program. The aim of this article is to examine the return to baccalaureate education from the perspective of the nurse. Data Sources. National Sample Survey of Registered Nurses, 2000, 2004, and 2008. Study Design. The effect of education on RN wages is estimated using multivariate regression, both for initial education and for completing a second degree. The coefficients are used to calculate lifetime expected earnings. Multinomial logistic regression is used to examine the relationship between education and job title. Principal Findings. Lifetime earnings for nurses whose initial education is the BSN are higher than those of AD nurses only if the AD program requires 3 years and the discount rate is 2 percent. For individuals who enter nursing with an AD, lifetime earnings are higher if they complete a BSN. The BSN is associated with higher likelihood of being an advanced practice registered nurse, having an academic title, and having a management title. Conclusions. Because baccalaureate education confers benefits both for RNs and their patients, policies to encourage the pursuit of BSN degrees need to be supported. PMID:24102422

Functional gastrointestinal disorders among adolescents with poor sleep: a school-based study in Shanghai, China.

PubMed

Zhou, Hui-Qing; Yao, Min; Chen, Guang-Yu; Ding, Xiao-Dong; Chen, Yan-Ping; Li, Ding-Guo

2012-12-01

This study aimed to determine whether functional gastrointestinal disorders are more common among adolescents with self-reported poor sleep. Junior middle school and senior high school students (n = 1,362) were recruited from schools in Shanghai. Students completed two questionnaires: the questionnaire for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adolescents and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index. The prevalence of poor sleep was 34.29% [95% confidence interval (CI) = 31.77-36.81] and there was no significant difference between genders (P = 0.991). The tendency towards poor sleep increased with age, with age group yielding a significant effect (P = 0.001). In junior middle school and senior high school students, the propensity towards poor sleep was 30.10% (95% CI = 27.08-33.12%) and 42.11% (95% CI = 37.67-46.55%), respectively. Among students with poor sleep, the prevalence of IBS was 19.70% (95% CI = 16.09-23.31). After adjusting for age, sex, night pain, and psychological factors, IBS was significantly more common in students with poor sleep (odds ratio = 1.92; 95% CI = 1.07-2.58). We conclude that IBS is prevalent in students with poor sleep. Poor sleep was independently associated with IBS among adolescents in Shanghai China.

Interaction between preprandial and postprandial rectal sensory and motor abnormalities in IBS.

PubMed

Törnblom, Hans; Van Oudenhove, Lukas; Tack, Jan; Simrén, Magnus

2014-09-01

Rectal sensory and motor interactions in patients with IBS have not been studied in detail. The aim of this study was to evaluate fasting and postprandial rectal sensorimotor characteristics and their interactions in IBS compared with healthy controls. We included 274 patients with IBS and 34 controls. All subjects underwent a rectal barostat study before and 60 min after a standardised liquid meal (800 kcal; 60% fat). Sensory thresholds, intensity of sensations, viscerosomatic referral and compliance were measured. During 15 min before the first distension sequence and until 50 min after meal intake, rectal balloon volumes were registered in 5 min intervals at operating pressure to quantify rectal tone. Mixed models were used to analyse the rectal tone response over time. Rectal sensory thresholds and compliance were decreased and viscerosomatic referral areas increased in patients with IBS compared with controls. Meal intake increased rectal sensitivity, compliance and referral areas in patients and controls and the same proportions of patients were hypersensitive to distension before and after meal intake. There was a higher basal rectal tone in IBS and a significantly different rectal tone response after meal intake in patients with IBS compared with controls and, interestingly, also in IBS with rectal hypersensitivity (defined in the preprandial state), compared with normosensitive patients. Meal intake affects rectal sensorimotor function in IBS and health. Importantly, the rectal tone responses to a high-caloric meal are different between patients with IBS and controls, as well as between hypersensitive and normosensitive patients with IBS. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) diet improves symptoms in adults suffering from irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) compared to standard IBS diet: A meta-analysis of clinical studies

PubMed Central

Varjú, Péter; Farkas, Nelli; Hegyi, Péter; Garami, András; Szabó, Imre; Illés, Anita; Solymár, Margit; Vincze, Áron; Balaskó, Márta; Pár, Gabriella; Bajor, Judit; Szűcs, Ákos; Huszár, Orsolya; Pécsi, Dániel

2017-01-01

Background Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and functional digestive tract disorders, e.g. functional bloating, carbohydrate maldigestion and intolerances, are very common disorders frequently causing significant symptoms that challenge health care systems. A low Fermentable Oligosaccharides, Disaccharides, Monosaccharides and Polyols (FODMAP) diet is one of the possible therapeutic approaches for decreasing abdominal symptoms and improving quality of life. Objectives We aimed to meta-analyze data on the therapeutic effect of a low-FODMAP diet on symptoms of IBS and quality of life and compare its effectiveness to a regular, standard IBS diet with high FODMAP content, using a common scoring system, the IBS Symptom Severity Score (IBS-SSS). Methods A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE and the Cochrane Library as well as in the references in a recent meta-analysis. Adult patients diagnosed with IBS according to the Rome II, Rome III, Rome IV or NICE criteria were included in the analysis. Statistical methods Mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated from studies that contained means, standard deviation (SD) or mean differences and SD of differences and p-values. A random effect model was used because of the heterogeneity (Q test (χ2) and I2 indicator). A p-value of less than 0.05 was chosen to indicate a significant difference. Results The literature search yielded 902 publications, but only 10 were eligible for our meta-analysis. Both regular and low-FODMAP diets proved to be effective in IBS, but post-diet IBS-SSS values were significantly lower (p = 0.002) in the low-FODMAP group. The low-FODMAP diet showed a correlation with the improvement of general symptoms (by IBS-SSS) in patients with IBS. Conclusions This meta-analysis provides high-grade evidence of an improved general symptom score among patients with irritable bowel syndrome who have maintained a low-FODMAP diet compared to those on a traditional IBS diet

School-College Articulation: What Can SHEEO Agencies Do?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davidson, Kerry

Issues concerning articulation between high school and college are discussed, along with the role of the State Higher Education Executive Officers (SHEEO) agency. The situation in Louisiana is used as illustration. One important consideration is communicating clearly the meaning of general education within the baccalaureate degree, based on…

Degrees Conferred by Schools and Colleges of Pharmacy, 1987-1988.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Penna, Richard P.; Sherman, Michael S.

1989-01-01

Data and statistics, gathered by the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy, on the degrees conferred by U.S. pharmacy schools are presented. Data on entry level degrees, post-baccalaureate PharmD, graduate degrees, gender, and ethnic minorities are analyzed. (Author/MLW)

Assessing the Potential to Expand Community College Baccalaureate Programs in Texas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daugherty, Lindsay; Goldman, Charles A.; Butterfield, Lindsay; Miller, Trey

2014-01-01

Many workforce-development needs, particularly those requiring baccalaureate degrees, remain unmet in some areas of Texas. Employers and students are calling for additional programs to develop workplace skills and to provide opportunities for career advancement. On May 22, 2013, the Texas Legislature approved a bill mandating a study on whether…

Applied Baccalaureate Degrees: Policy and Outcomes Evaluation. Research Report 15-2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington State Board for Community and Technical Colleges, 2015

2015-01-01

Washington's community and technical colleges (CTCs) play an important role in producing baccalaureate degree graduates in the state. They expand opportunities for both graduates and employers, build upon professional-technical associate degrees, and provide a clear pathway for students who may be place bound or have difficulty finding a transfer…

Do Community Colleges Provide a Viable Pathway to a Baccalaureate Degree?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Bridget Terry; Kurlaender, Michal

2009-01-01

Community colleges have become an important entryway for students intending to complete baccalaureate degrees. However, many question the viability of the transfer function and wonder whether students suffer a penalty for starting at 2-year institutions. The authors examined how the outcomes of community college entrants compared with those of…

Appalachian Bridges to the Baccalaureate: How Community Colleges Affect Transfer Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Decker, Amber K.

2011-01-01

Statement of the problem. Too few community college students who intend to transfer and earn a baccalaureate degree actually do. This is a problem because postsecondary education is a key factor in economic mobility, and community colleges enroll a disproportionate number of nontraditional, part-time and low-income students. Although individual…

Motivating Factors of Nontraditional Post-Baccalaureate Students Pursuing Initial Teacher Licensure

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bunn, Gary; Wake, Donna

2015-01-01

This study examines the motivating factors that prompted post-baccalaureate students to change careers and to pursue an initial teaching license. Researchers collected survey data from 346 nontraditional teaching candidates who were part of either an initial licensure master's degree program or a statewide nontraditional licensure program.…

Imi Ho'ola post-baccalaureate program: recruitment, retention, and graduation of Asian American and Pacific Islander students in medicine.

PubMed

Judd, N L; Sing, P M

2001-09-01

Imi Ho'ola has been a successful model for training underrepresented minorities and disadvantaged individuals in medicine at the University of Hawai'i. This program has 28 years of experience assisting students to prepare for, qualify for, and complete the M.D. program, thereby producing medical doctors and other health professionals for Hawai'i, Guam, American Samoa, the U.S. Associated Pacific Islands (USAPI), and the continental U.S. Recently, Imi Ho'ola has expanded its outreach efforts to create an educational pathway for local high school and college students encouraging them to pursue higher education and health careers. A description of the Imi Ho'ola is presented with emphasis on its post-baccalaureate curriculum begun in 1995.

Comparison of the Rome IV and Rome III criteria for IBS diagnosis: A cross-sectional survey.

PubMed

Bai, Tao; Xia, Jing; Jiang, Yudong; Cao, Huan; Zhao, Yong; Zhang, Lei; Wang, Huan; Song, Jun; Hou, Xiaohua

2017-05-01

The aims of this study were to investigate the proportion of clinical irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) at a tertiary hospital in China, to compare the Rome III and Rome IV criteria with regard to IBS diagnosis, to describe the agreement between the Rome III and Rome IV criteria, and to identify differences between Rome IV-positive and -negative IBS patients. A cross-sectional survey was performed among outpatients in the gastrointestinal (GI) department of a tertiary hospital. The patients were categorized as having IBS using Rome III and Rome IV criteria. In total, 1,376 (91.7%) patients completed a GI symptom questionnaire. Among them, 352 were suspected of having IBS and 175 were diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III or Rome IV criteria. In particular, 170 (12.4%) patients were diagnosed with IBS using the Rome III criteria, and 84 (6.1%) patients were diagnosed using the Rome IV criteria. Rome IV IBS patients experienced more pain symptoms (P<0.01) and showed higher IBS severity scores. In contrast, no significant differences were noted for demographic characteristics, stool frequency, IBS subtype, disease course, operation history or GI infection history between Rome IV IBS patients and IBS patients not diagnosed with the Rome IV criteria. Rome IV-positive IBS patients represented approximately half of Rome III-positive IBS patients at a tertiary hospital in China. More specifically, Rome IV-positive IBS was mainly a subgroup of Rome III-positive IBS with more serious symptoms. © 2016 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Integrated Baseline System (IBS), Version 1.03. User guide: Chemical Stockpile Emergency Preparedness Program

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bailey, B.M.; Burford, M.J.; Downing, T.R.

The Integrated Baseline System (IBS), operated by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA), is a system of computerized tools for emergency planing and analysis. This document is the user guide for the IBS and explains how to operate the IBS system. The fundamental function of the IBS is to provide tools that civilian emergency management personnel can use in developing emergency plans and in supporting emergency management activities to cope with a chemical-releasing event at a military chemical stockpile. Emergency management planners can evaluate concepts and ideas using the IBS system. The results of that experience can then be factoredmore » into refining requirements and plans. This document provides information for the general system user, and is the primary reference for the system features of the IBS. It is designed for persons who are familiar with general emergency management concepts, operations, and vocabulary. Although the IBS manual set covers basic and advanced operations, it is not a complete reference document set. Emergency situation modeling software in the IBS is supported by additional technical documents. Some of the other LBS software is commercial software for which more complete documentation is available. The IBS manuals reference such documentation where necessary. IBS is a dynamic system. Its capabilities are in a state of continuing expansion and enhancement.« less

Psychometric assessment of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Symptom Event Log.

PubMed

Rosa, Kathleen; Delgado-Herrera, Leticia; Zeiher, Bernie; Banderas, Benjamin; Arbuckle, Rob; Spears, Glen; Hudgens, Stacie

2016-12-01

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) can considerably impact patients' lives. Patient-reported symptoms are crucial in understanding the diagnosis and progression of IBS-D. This study psychometrically evaluates the newly developed IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Symptom Event Log (hereafter, "Event Log") according to US regulatory recommendations. A US-based observational field study was conducted to understand cross-sectional psychometric properties of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log. Analyses included item descriptive statistics, item-to-item correlations, reliability, and construct validity. The IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log had no items with excessive missing data. With the exception of two items ("frequency of gas" and "accidents"), moderate to high inter-item correlations were observed among all items of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log (day 1 range 0.67-0.90). Item scores demonstrated reliability, with the exception of the "frequency of gas" and "accidents" items of the Diary and "incomplete evacuation" item of the Event Log. The pattern of correlations of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log item scores with generic and disease-specific measures was as expected, moderate for similar constructs and low for dissimilar constructs, supporting construct validity. Known-groups methods showed statistically significant differences and monotonic trends in each of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary item scores among groups defined by patients' IBS-D severity ratings ("none"/"mild," "moderate," or "severe"/"very severe"), supporting construct validity. Initial psychometric results support the reliability and validity of the items of the IBS-D Daily Symptom Diary and Event Log.

New insights in IBS-like disorders: Pandora's box has been opened; a review.

PubMed

Borghini, Raffaele; Donato, Giuseppe; Alvaro, Domenico; Picarelli, Antonio

2017-01-01

The most complained gastrointestinal symptoms are chronic diarrhea, bloating and abdominal pain. Once malignancies and inflammatory bowel diseases are excluded, irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the so called "IBS-like disorders" should be taken into account. The relationship between IBS as defined by Rome IV criteria and these clinical conditions is sometimes obscure, since many IBS patients identify food as a possible trigger for their symptoms. Here, we discuss IBS and the most common IBS-like disorders (celiac disease, non-celiac gluten sensitivity, fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs), lactose intolerance, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO), α-amylase/trypsin inhibitor (ATIs), nickel allergic contact mucositis), focusing on epidemiologic, clinical, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects. Given the lack of specificity of symptoms, clinical investigation will be facilitated by awareness of these disorders as well as new specific diagnostic tools.

What Competencies Do Sub-Baccalaureate Degrees Teach? Retrospective Reports from College Graduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ng, Chenny; Rosenbaum, James E.

2018-01-01

Sub-baccalaureate degrees represent a growing and distinctive sector of American higher education. However, policymakers and community colleges lack a clear understanding of the specific competencies learned in these programs that are useful in graduates' careers. In particular, they overlook non-academic skills. This study uses qualitative…

Noncognitive Variables to Predict Academic Success among Junior Year Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smith, Ellen M. T.

2017-01-01

An equitable predictor of academic success is needed as nursing education strives toward comprehensive preparation of diverse nursing students. The purpose of this study was to discover how Sedlacek's (2004a) Noncognitive Questionnaire (NCQ) and Duckworth & Quinn's (2009) Grit-S predicted baccalaureate nursing student academic performance and…

Critical thinking dispositions and learning styles of baccalaureate nursing students from China.

PubMed

Zhang, Huan; Lambert, Vickie

2008-09-01

Although considerable information exists regarding the learning styles and critical thinking dispositions of nursing students from Western countries, limited comparable information exists within China. The purposes of this study were to assess the learning styles and critical thinking dispositions of Chinese baccalaureate nursing students and to identify the relationships among the learning styles, critical thinking dispositions, and demographics. The sample consisted of 100 Chinese baccalaureate nursing students enrolled at two universities. The data were obtained through a Demographic Data Questionnaire, the California Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory, and the Index of Learning Styles. The primary learning style dimensions were found to be reflective, sensing, visual, and global, while the critically thinking abilities was found to be weak. A number of positive and negative correlations were found among the demographics, learning styles, and critical thinking dispositions. These findings suggest further examination on how to increase nursing students' critical thinking skills based upon their preferred learning styles.

They (Don't) Care about Education: A Counternarrative on Black Male Students' Responses to Inequitable Schooling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harper, Shaun R.; Davis, Charles H. F., III

2012-01-01

Little is known about Black male students who graduate from high school, enroll in college, aspire to earn degrees beyond the baccalaureate, and espouse commitments to various career pathways in the field of education (teaching, school administration, education research, the professoriate, education policy, and so forth). What compels these men to…

Faculty Perspectives on Effective Integration of Simulation into a Baccalaureate Nursing Curriculum

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Howell, Linda Jane

2017-01-01

Research shows that use of high fidelity simulation (HFS) as a teaching strategy requires extensive amounts of faculty time and financial resources for faculty development and equipment. This project study addressed the challenges encountered in the integration of HFS into a Midwestern metropolitan baccalaureate nursing program. The purpose of…

Therapeutic Potential of Zataria multiflora Boiss in Treatment of Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

PubMed

Mahboubi, Mohaddese

2018-01-15

Irritable Bowel syndrome (IBS), the most common chronic functional gastrointestinal disorder, is categorized as IBS-C and IBS-D, which are equivalent to Ghoolenj Rihi and Maghs Rihi in Iranian traditional medicine. One of the main applications of Zataria multiflora Boiss in traditional medicine is its efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract with symptoms such as IBS. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of Zataria multiflora essential oil in management of IBS. We used all the accessible references (electronic and published books, theses, and reports) to write this article. The results of our investigation show that the majority of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analyses exhibited carvacrol and thymol as the main components of Zataria multiflora essential oil, and 60 drops oral daily dose of Z. multiflora essential oil (2%) can relieve the symptoms of IBS without any adverse effects. The pharmacological studies confirmed the analgesic, anti-inflammatory, antispasm and antiulcer effects of Z. multiflora essential oils and main components. According to the results of studies, oral Z. multiflora essential oil (2%) is a good candidate for management of IBS, but more studies are required to better understand its efficacies.

Anxiety and depression comorbidities in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Fond, Guillaume; Loundou, Anderson; Hamdani, Nora; Boukouaci, Wahid; Dargel, Aroldo; Oliveira, José; Roger, Matthieu; Tamouza, Ryad; Leboyer, Marion; Boyer, Laurent

2014-12-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been associated with high prevalence of psychological disorders. However, it remains unclear whether IBS and each of its subtypes (predominant diarrhea IBS-D, constipation IBS-C, mixed IBS-M) are associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms levels. This study aimed to determine the associations of IBS and each of its subtypes with anxiety and/or depression. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis using five electronic databases (PubMed, PsychINFO, BIOSIS, Science Direct, and Cochrane CENTRAL). We selected case-control studies comparing anxiety and depression levels of patients with IBS to healthy controls, using standardized rating scales. Outcomes were measured as random pooled standardized mean differences (SMD). Ten studies were included in our analysis (885 patients and 1,384 healthy controls). Patients with IBS had significant higher anxiety and depression levels than controls (respectively, SMD = 0.76, 95 % CI 0.47; 0.69, p < 0.01, I2 = 81.7 % and SMD = 0.80, 95 % CI 0.42; 1.19, p < 0.01, I2 = 90.7 %). This significant difference was confirmed for patients with IBS-C and -D subtypes for anxiety, and only in IBS-D patients for depression. However, other IBS subtypes had a statistical trend to be associated with both anxiety and depressive symptomatology, which suggests a lack of power due to the small number of studies included. Patients with IBS had significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression than healthy controls. Anxiety and depression symptomatology should be systematically checked and treated in IBS patients, as psychological factors are important moderators of symptom severity, symptom persistence, decisions to seek treatment, and response to treatment.

Impact of Nursing Learning Environments on Adaptive Competency Development in Baccalaureate Nursing Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laschinger, Heather K. Spence

1992-01-01

Kolb's experiential learning theory was used as a framework to study 179 generic baccalaureate students' perceptions of the different types of learning environments and adaptive competencies. Clinical experience and preceptorships contributed more to competency development than did nursing or nonnursing classes. (JOW)

Staff Report to the Senior Department Official on Recognition Compliance Issues. Recommendation Page: Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

The Association of Advanced Rabbinical and Talmudic Schools, Accreditation Commission (AARTS) accredits advanced rabbinical and Talmudic institutions that grant postsecondary degrees such as the baccalaureate, master's, doctorate, first rabbinic, and first Talmudic degrees. AARTS-accredited schools offer a program of Talmud and related studies.…

Sensitivity to wheat, gluten and FODMAPs in IBS: facts or fiction?

PubMed

De Giorgio, Roberto; Volta, Umberto; Gibson, Peter R

2016-01-01

IBS is one of the most common types of functional bowel disorder. Increasing attention has been paid to the causative role of food in IBS. Food ingestion precipitates or exacerbates symptoms, such as abdominal pain and bloating in patients with IBS through different hypothesised mechanisms including immune and mast cell activation, mechanoreceptor stimulation and chemosensory activation. Wheat is regarded as one of the most relevant IBS triggers, although which component(s) of this cereal is/are involved remain(s) unknown. Gluten, other wheat proteins, for example, amylase-trypsin inhibitors, and fructans (the latter belonging to fermentable oligo-di-mono-saccharides and polyols (FODMAPs)), have been identified as possible factors for symptom generation/exacerbation. This uncertainty on the true culprit(s) opened a scenario of semantic definitions favoured by the discordant results of double-blind placebo-controlled trials, which have generated various terms ranging from non-coeliac gluten sensitivity to the broader one of non-coeliac wheat or wheat protein sensitivity or, even, FODMAP sensitivity. The role of FODMAPs in eliciting the clinical picture of IBS goes further since these short-chain carbohydrates are found in many other dietary components, including vegetables and fruits. In this review, we assessed current literature in order to unravel whether gluten/wheat/FODMAP sensitivity represent 'facts' and not 'fiction' in IBS symptoms. This knowledge is expected to promote standardisation in dietary strategies (gluten/wheat-free and low FODMAP) as effective measures for the management of IBS symptoms. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/

Clostridium perfringens Iota-Toxin: Mapping of Receptor Binding and Ia Docking Domains on Ib

PubMed Central

Marvaud, Jean-Christophe; Smith, Theresa; Hale, Martha L.; Popoff, Michel R.; Smith, Leonard A.; Stiles, Bradley G.

2001-01-01

Clostridium perfringens iota-toxin is a binary toxin consisting of iota a (Ia), an ADP-ribosyltransferase that modifies actin, and iota b (Ib), which binds to a cell surface protein and translocates Ia into a target cell. Fusion proteins of recombinant Ib and truncated variants were tested for binding to Vero cells and docking with Ia via fluorescence-activated cytometry and cytotoxicity experiments. C-terminal residues (656 to 665) of Ib were critical for cell surface binding, and truncated Ib variants containing ≥200 amino acids of the C terminus were effective Ib competitors and prevented iota cytotoxicity. The N-terminal domain (residues 1 to 106) of Ib was important for Ia docking, yet this region was not an effective competitor of iota cytotoxicity. Further studies showed that Ib lacking just the N-terminal 27 residues did not facilitate Ia entry into a target cell and subsequent cytotoxicity. Five monoclonal antibodies against Ib were also tested with each truncated Ib variant for epitope and structural mapping by surface plasmon resonance and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Each antibody bound to a linear epitope within the N terminus (residues 28 to 66) or the C terminus (residues 632 to 655). Antibodies that target the C terminus neutralized in vitro cytotoxicity and delayed the lethal effects of iota-toxin in mice. PMID:11254604

The effect of PDIA3 gene knockout on the mucosal immune function in IBS rats.

PubMed

Zhuang, Zhao-Meng; Wang, Xiao-Teng; Zhang, Lu; Tao, Li-Yuan; Lv, Bin

2015-01-01

To observe the changes of intestinal inflammation on PDIA3 gene knockout IBS rats and its effect on immune function. 36 SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control group (n = 8); IBS- empty virus group (IBS-GFP, which); IBS-PDIA3 knockout group (n = 12); IBS- the control group (n = 12). After modeling, colon and ileocecal tissue pathology in each group were observed separately. Changes of immune and inflammatory markers were measured. At the same time, ultrastructural changes in each group were observed by electron microscopy. Compared with the IBS control group, inflammation was reduced significantly in IBS-PDIA3 knockout group. IgE, IL-4 and IL-9 and the level of intestinal trypsin type were decreased significantly. Furthermore, mast cell degranulation and PAR 2 receptor reduced significantly. PDIA3 may play an important role in the development of IBS by mediating through immune responses of mucosal abnormalities. However, the mechanism needs to be confirmed in further study.

MLCK-mediated intestinal permeability promotes immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice.

PubMed

Long, Y; Du, L; Kim, J J; Chen, B; Zhu, Y; Zhang, Y; Yao, S; He, H; Zheng, X; Huang, Z; Dai, N

2018-04-11

Alterations in intestinal permeability regulated by tight junctions (TJs) are associated with immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is an important mediator of epithelial TJ. The aim of this study is to investigate the role of MLCK in the pathogenesis of IBS using a post infectious IBS (PI-IBS) mouse model. Trichinella spiralis-infected PI-IBS mouse model was used. Urine lactulose/mannitol ratio was measured to assess intestinal epithelial permeability. Western blotting was used to evaluate intestinal TJ protein (zonula occludens-1) and MLCK-associated protein expressions. Immune profile was assessed by measuring Th (T helper) 1/Th2 cytokine expression. Visceral sensitivity was determined by abdominal withdrawal reflex in response to colorectal distension. Eight weeks after inoculation with T. spiralis, PI-IBS mice developed decreased pain and volume thresholds during colorectal distention, increased urine lactulose/mannitol ratio, elevated colonic Th1/Th2 cytokine ratio, and decreased zonula occludens-1 expression compared to the control mice. MLCK expression was dramatically elevated in the colonic mucosa of PI-IBS mice compared to the control mice, alongside increased pMLC/MLC and decreased MLCP expression. Administration of MLCK inhibitor and TJ blocker both reversed the increased intestinal permeability, visceral hypersensitivity, and Th1-dominant immune profile in PI-IBS mice. MLCK is a pivotal step in inducing increased intestinal permeability promoting low-grade intestinal immune activation and visceral hypersensitivity in PI-IBS mice. MLCK inhibitor may provide a potential therapeutic option in the treatment of IBS. © 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Constructing Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Ethical Experiences of Classroom Lessons and Clinical Practice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knowles, Amy J. B.

2014-01-01

Ethics is an integral component of the nursing profession. This phenomenological study aimed to describe how baccalaureate nursing students experience learning ethics both in the classroom and clinical setting. The interviews in this study were conducted with eight second semester senior nursing students. Four themes emerged from analyses of the…

The Lived Experience of Applied Science Graduates Who Complete the Applied Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kujawa, Tricia A.

2012-01-01

The enrollment and transfer behaviors of college students are diverse. As a result college students travel various pathways to the baccalaureate degree. The purpose of this qualitative study was to better understand the lived experience of students who entered higher education through an associate of applied science (AAS) program and then…

Accelerated Learning Options: Moving the Needle on Access and Success. A Study of State and Institutional Policies and Practices

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Western Interstate Commission for Higher Education, 2006

2006-01-01

This document was designed to inform members of the policy, education, and research communities about existing state and institutional policies and practices associated with four accelerated learning programs: Advanced Placement (AP), dual/concurrent enrollment, the International Baccalaureate (IB) Diploma Program, and Tech-Prep. This effort was…

Down-regulation of the IbEXP1 gene enhanced storage root development in sweetpotato

PubMed Central

Bae, Jung Myung

2013-01-01

The role of an expansin gene (IbEXP1) in the formation of the storage root (SR) was investigated by expression pattern analysis and characterization of IbEXP1-antisense sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas cv. Yulmi) plants in an attempt to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying SR development in sweetpotato. The transcript level of IbEXP1 was high in the fibrous root (FR) and petiole at the FR stage, but decreased significantly at the young storage root (YSR) stage. IbEXP1-antisense plants cultured in vitro produced FRs which were both thicker and shorter than those of wild-type (WT) plants. Elongation growth of the epidermal cells was significantly reduced, and metaxylem and cambium cell proliferation was markedly enhanced in the FRs of IbEXP1-antisense plants, resulting in an earlier thickening growth in these plants relative to WT plants. There was a marked reduction in the lignification of the central stele of the FRs of the IbEXP1-antisense plants, suggesting that the FRs of the mutant plants possessed a higher potential than those of WT plants to develop into SRs. IbEXP1-antisense plants cultured in soil produced a larger number of SRs and, consequently, total SR weight per IbEXP1-antisense plant was greater than that per WT plant. These results demonstrate that SR development was accelerated in IbEXP1-antisense plants and suggest that IbEXP1 plays a negative role in the formation of SR by suppressing the proliferation of metaxylem and cambium cells to inhibit the initial thickening growth of SRs. IbEXP1 is the first sweetpotato gene whose role in SR development has been directly identified in soil-grown transgenic sweetpotato plants. PMID:22945944

School Program Selection: Why Schools Worldwide Choose the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sperandio, Jill

2010-01-01

School improvement and reform efforts frequently involve the adoption of a new curriculum program. This article examines the factors that influence program selection when schools have freedom to choose as opposed to having programs mandated by district, state, or national education authorities. Survey and document analysis are used to examine the…

Key factors of successful JIT integration with IBS - An overview

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asri, Mohammad Azwanie Naim Mohammad; Nawi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd; Nadarajan, Santhirasegaran

2016-08-01

The Just-In-Time (JIT) philosophy has been used for many decades to increase productivity through waste elimination process. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the knowledge by addressing the transportation and material delivery activities in Industrialized Building System (IBS) and integrating JIT to improve the performance of those activities. The literature review has been conducted through relevant database. It was found that there is a need for more holistic approach to be adopted to integrate JIT in IBS project. This paper discusses the key success factors for effective integration between JIT and IBS in the context of transportation and material delivery activities.

General Education Requirements in a Community College Baccalaureate RN-to-BSN Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krupp, Jason Bentley

2012-01-01

Increasing demand for nurses with bachelor degrees, the growing culture of accountability in higher education, and the community college baccalaureate phenomena provided the impetus for this study. This ex-post facto quantitative study examined the graduation rates and time to degree of 240 students who were enrolled in a bachelor of science in…

The Effects of Technology on Student Engagement in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Amoia-Watters, Laraine

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of incorporating technology into a sophomore level baccalaureate nursing class and to explore students' perceptions on the use of technology in the classroom in relation to their perceived learning and their perceived interaction with classmates. This study evaluated the use of technology…

Accountability among Baccalaureate Nursing Students: Definitions, Perceptions, and Engagement Practices of Accountability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ort, Jennifer Ann

2016-01-01

To ensure optimal patient care an especially high level of accountability is required when entering the workforce. The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore, describe, and define perceptions of accountability as described by sophomore and senior nursing students in two baccalaureate nursing programs. The research questions aimed to (a)…

Exploring Baccalaureate Social Work Students' Self-Efficacy: Did It Change over Time?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahn, Bonnie; Boykin, Lolita; Hebert, Corie; Kulkin, Heidi

2012-01-01

This study explored baccalaureate social work students' self-efficacy at a rural southern university. Bandura's concept of self-efficacy is used as a theoretical base for the study. Students (N = 43) in introductory social work courses and in the field practicum course completed the Foundation Practice Self Efficacy Scale. Following The Council on…

IBS and FAPS in children: a comparison of psychological and clinical characteristics.

PubMed

Rutten, Juliette M T M; Benninga, Marc A; Vlieger, Arine M

2014-10-01

It has been suggested that different subcategories of childhood abdominal pain-related functional gastrointestinal disorders (AP-FGIDs) are not separate clinical entities, but represent variable expressions of the same FGID. The aim of the present study was to compare clinical and psychological characteristics of children with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), functional abdominal pain (FAP), and functional abdominal pain syndrome (FAPS). A total of 259 children, ages 8 to 18 years, fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS or FAPS were included in a randomized controlled trial evaluating the effect of hypnotherapy. At inclusion, questionnaires assessed demographics, clinical features, abdominal pain frequency and intensity, depression and anxiety, somatization, health-related quality of life, pain beliefs, and coping strategies. No differences were found between children with IBS and those with FAPS with respect to the main outcomes: frequency and intensity of abdominal pain, symptoms of depression and anxiety, somatization, health-related quality of life, pain beliefs, and coping strategies. A significantly higher percentage of patients with IBS had a positive family history for AP-FGIDs (56.8% vs 37.8%; P = 0.00). Characteristics of patients with IBS subtypes did not differ. Patients with FAP or FAPS differed only with respect to problem-focused coping strategy (2.21 ± 0.61 vs 2.52 ± 0.49; P = 0.00). Pediatric patients with IBS and those with FAPS have similar psychosocial profiles. These results may explain why treatment response of psychological therapies in these AP-FGIDs is similar. These results may indicate that pediatric IBS and FAPS are different expressions of 1 underlying functional disorder, but similarities in psychosocial characteristics do not exclude the possibility that these disorders are different entities, because these similarities can exist between disorders of various causes. Therefore, future research is required on the role of other

Phenotyping of subjects for large scale studies on patients with IBS.

PubMed

Boeckxstaens, G E; Drug, V; Dumitrascu, D; Farmer, A D; Hammer, J; Hausken, T; Niesler, B; Pohl, D; Pojskic, L; Polster, A; Simren, M; Goebel-Stengel, M; Van Oudenhove, L; Vassallo, M; Wensaas, K-A; Aziz, Q; Houghton, L A

2016-08-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a complex condition with multiple factors contributing to its aetiology and pathophysiology. Aetiologically these include genetics, life-time events and environment, and physiologically, changes in motility, central processing, visceral sensitivity, immunity, epithelial permeability and gastrointestinal microflora. Such complexity means there is currently no specific reliable biomarker for IBS, and thus IBS continues to be diagnosed and classified according to symptom based criteria, the Rome Criteria. Carefully phenotyping and characterisation of a 'large' pool of IBS patients across Europe and even the world however, might help identify sub-populations with accuracy and consistency. This will not only aid future research but improve tailoring of treatment and health care of IBS patients. The aim of this position paper is to discuss the requirements necessary to standardize the process of selecting and phenotyping IBS patients and how to organise the collection and storage of patient information/samples in such a large multi-centre pan European/global study. We include information on general demographics, gastrointestinal symptom assessment, psychological factors, quality of life, physiological evaluation, genetic/epigenetic and microbiota analysis, biopsy/blood sampling, together with discussion on the organisational, ethical and language issues associated with implementing such a study. The proposed approach and documents selected to be used in such a study was the result of a thoughtful and thorough four-year dialogue amongst experts associated with the European COST action BM1106 GENIEUR (www.GENIEUR.eu). © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Work-related stressors experienced by part-time clinical affiliate nursing faculty in baccalaureate education.

PubMed

Whalen, Kathleen S

2009-01-01

This descriptive and multivariate correlational study identifies work-related situations that were perceived as stressful in a sample of part-time clinical affiliate nursing faculty (n = 91) from a western state who teach in baccalaureate programs. The most stressful conditions include being physically and emotionally drained; working outside regular hours; dealing with the number of role expectations; and receiving inadequate monetary compensation. Subjects reported other specific stressful situations related to their work with clinical agencies, universities, and students. The researcher also examined the relationships between selected background factors (number of years of clinical teaching experience, clinical teacher education, and holding a second job), role stress, and job satisfaction. Even though this sample had a high job satisfaction rating, the variable, role stress, was shown to significantly predict job satisfaction. Lastly, implications for nurse educators in baccalaureate programs are explored.

The enhancement of stress-related memory by glucocorticoids depends on synapsin-Ia/Ib

PubMed Central

Revest, J-M; Kaouane, N; Mondin, M; Le Roux, A; Rougé-Pont, F; Vallée, M; Barik, J; Tronche, F; Desmedt, A; Piazza, P V

2010-01-01

The activation of glucocorticoid receptors (GR) by glucocorticoids increases stress-related memory through the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway and the downstream transcription factor Egr-1. Here, using converging in vitro and in vivo approaches, respectively, GR-expressing cell lines, culture of hippocampal neurons, and GR genetically modified mice (GRNesCre), we identified synapsin-Ia/Ib as one of the effectors of the glucocorticoid signaling cascade. Stress and glucocorticoid-induced activation of the GR modulate synapsin-Ia/Ib through two complementary mechanisms. First, glucocorticoids driving Egr-1 expression increase the expression of synapsin-Ia/Ib, and second, glucocorticoids driving MAPK activation increase its phosphorylation. Finally, we showed that blocking fucosylation of synapsin-Ia/Ib in the hippocampus inhibits its expression and prevents the glucocorticoid-mediated increase in stress-related memory. In conclusion, our data provide a complete molecular pathway (GR/Egr-1/MAPK/Syn-Ia/Ib) through which stress and glucocorticoids enhance the memory of stress-related events and highlight the function of synapsin-Ia/Ib as molecular effector of the behavioral effects of stress. PMID:20368707

The Impact of Baccalaureate Medical Humanities on Subsequent Medical Training and Practice: A Physician-Educator's Perspective.

PubMed

Barron, Lauren

2017-12-01

This reflective essay is an attempt to organize trends in feedback I have observed during ten years of coursework, conversations, and correspondence with former students associated with the Medical Humanities Program at Baylor University. Over the years, recurrent themes arise when speaking with alumni about whether and how their medical humanities experience intersects with their current training. I have identified five particular domains in which baccalaureate medical humanities training affects students' subsequent healthcare professions training and practice: context and complementarity, clinical relevance, reflective practice, professional preparedness and vocational calling. I created an instrument of open-ended questions for each of these categories and posted it to social media with an invitation for alumni to respond. This informal survey was conceived as an exploratory exercise with the intent to help generate a foundation for more formal qualitative research in these five domains. In this essay, I offer my own reflections together with those of former students on the impact of baccalaureate-level medical humanities training in order to illustrate the benefits in each domain for subsequent healthcare training and practice. The need for qualitative research that explores the impact of baccalaureate medical humanities merits collaboration between multiple centers of investigation across many disciplines, and across the divide between premedical and medical educators.

Factors Contributing to the Upward Transfer of Baccalaureate Aspirants Beginning at Community Colleges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Xueli

2012-01-01

This study examined factors associated with the upward transfer of baccalaureate aspirants beginning at community colleges. Based on data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 and the Postsecondary Education Transcript Study, a sequential logistic regression analysis was conducted to predict bachelor's degree-seeking community…

Filling the gap: Developing health economics competencies for baccalaureate nursing programs.

PubMed

Platt, Maia; Kwasky, Andrea; Spetz, Joanne

2016-01-01

The need for greater involvement of the nursing profession in cost containment efforts has been documented extensively. More thorough education of nurses in the subject of health economics (HE) is one of the factors that could contribute toward achievement of that goal. The project's main contribution is the development of the unique list of essential HE competencies for baccalaureate nursing students. The proposed competencies were developed and validated using the protocol by Lynn (1986) for two-stage content validation of psychometric instruments. An additional validation step that included a nationwide survey of nurse administrators was conducted to measure the value they place on the health economics-related skills and knowledge of their employees. A set of six HE competencies was developed. Their validity was unanimously approved by the panel of five experts and additionally supported by the survey results (with individual competencies' approval rates of 67% or higher). The incorporation of economic thinking into the nationwide standards of baccalaureate nursing education, and professional nursing competencies, will enhance the capacity of the nursing workforce to lead essential change in the delivery of high-value affordable health care nationwide. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Fostering Global Citizenship Education for Teachers through Online Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harshman, Jason R.; Augustine, Tami A.

2013-01-01

This article is based on a study involving 126 International Baccalaureate (IB) teachers in more than 30 countries who, through the use of asynchronous online discussion forums, shared how they teach and simultaneously reflected upon how they conceptualize global citizenship. Data analysis revealed that participants developed new understandings…

The impact of irritable bowel syndrome on daily functioning: Characterizing and understanding daily consequences of IBS.

PubMed

Ballou, S; Keefer, L

2017-04-01

Despite the well-documented economic and psychosocial burden of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), few studies have focused on the impact of IBS on daily activities. This study aims to quantitate impairment in daily activities among IBS patients and to evaluate the relationship between impairment, IBS, quality of life, and psychiatric symptoms. A total of 179 participants meeting ROME-III criteria for IBS completed an online research survey evaluating the following variables: (i) the impact of IBS on daily activities, (ii) comorbid psychiatric diagnoses, (iii) symptom severity, (iv) quality of life, and (v) symptom-specific cognitive affective factors related to IBS. This sample reported a high degree of impairment due to IBS, with 76% of the sample reporting some degree of IBS-related impairment in at least five different domains of daily life. Rates of impairment were significantly higher for participants who met criteria for anxiety, depression, and/or panic disorder. This study contributes to existing literature by demonstrating a high level of daily impairment among patients with IBS, particularly those who meet criteria for anxiety, depression, and panic disorder. These findings support the importance of integrated psychosocial and medical care for IBS patients, and highlight the utility of evaluation and intervention for behavioral avoidance/impairment especially among those who exhibit signs or symptoms of psychiatric diagnoses. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Moral sensitivity, moral distress, and moral courage among baccalaureate Filipino nursing students.

PubMed

Escolar-Chua, Rowena L

2018-06-01

Moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage among healthcare professionals have been explored considerably in recent years. However, there is a paucity of studies exploring these topics among baccalaureate nursing students. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between and among moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of undergraduate baccalaureate nursing students. The research employed a descriptive-correlational design to explore the relationships between and among moral distress, moral sensitivity, and moral courage of undergraduate nursing students. Participants and research context: A total of 293 baccalaureate Filipino nursing students who have been exposed to various clinical areas participated in the study. Ethical considerations: Institutional review board approval was sought prior to the conduct of the study. Self-determination was assured and anonymity and confidentiality were guaranteed to all participants. Results indicate that a majority of the nursing students in the clinical areas encounter morally distressing situations that compromise quality patient care. However, despite the fact that they want to do what is in the best interest of their patients, their perception of being the inexperienced among the healthcare team drives the majority of them to ignore morally distressing situations to avoid conflict and confrontation. Another interesting finding is that 79.20% of the respondents hardly consider quitting the nursing profession even if they frequently encounter morally distressing situations. Analysis also shows associations between moral distress intensity and frequency ( r = 0.13, p < 0.05) and moral distress intensity and moral sensitivity ( r = 0.25, p < 0.05). The dimensions of moral courage are also related to both moral distress and moral sensitivity. Results of the study imply that moral distress is a reality among all healthcare professionals including nursing students and requires more

Depression, stress, emotional support, and self-esteem among baccalaureate nursing students in Thailand.

PubMed

Ross, Ratchneewan; Zeller, Richard; Srisaeng, Pakvilai; Yimmee, Suchawadee; Somchid, Sujidra; Sawatphanit, Wilaiphan

2005-01-01

Nursing students are valuable human resources. Detection of potential depression among nursing students is crucial since depression can lead to low productivity, minimized quality of life, and suicidal ideas. Identifying factors affecting depression among students can help nursing educators to find ways to decrease depression. The purpose of this study was to examine rates of depression and the associations between depression and stress, emotional support, and self-esteem among baccalaureate nursing students in Thailand. This correlational, cross-sectional study recruited 331 baccalaureate Thai nursing students. Students completed three instruments that had been translated into Thai: The Center for Epidemiology Studies Depression Scale, Perceived Stress Questionnaire, and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale. Another instrument created in Thai was used to measure emotional support. Results revealed that, when using the standard definition, 50.1% of the students were depressed. Stress was positively related to depression, whereas emotional support and self-esteem were negatively related to depression.

Increased colonic bile acid exposure: a relevant factor for symptoms and treatment in IBS.

PubMed

Bajor, Antal; Törnblom, Hans; Rudling, Mats; Ung, Kjell-Arne; Simrén, Magnus

2015-01-01

Bile acids may play a role in the pathogenesis of IBS. We investigated the potential effects of bile acids entering the colon and its role in the symptom pattern in IBS. We measured 75Se-labelled homocholic acid-taurine (75SeHCAT) retention, and serum levels of 7α-hydroxy-4-cholesten-3-one (C4) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF) 19 in patients with IBS (n=141) and control subjects (75SeHCAT n=29; C4 and FGF19 n=435). In patients with IBS stool frequency and form, as well as GI symptom severity were registered, and in a proportion of patients colonic transit time and rectal sensitivity were measured (n=66). An 8-week open-label treatment with colestipol was offered to patients with 75SeHCAT <20%, and the effect of treatment was evaluated with IBS severity scoring system and adequate relief of IBS symptoms. Compared with controls, patients with IBS had lower 75SeHCAT values (p=0.005), higher C4c levels (C4 corrected for cholesterol) (p<0.001), but similar FGF19 levels. Abnormal 75SeHCAT retention (<10%) was seen in 18% of patients, whereas 23% had elevated C4c levels. Patients with IBS with 75SeHCAT retention <10% had more frequent stools, accelerated colonic transit time, rectal hyposensitivity, a higher body mass index, higher C4c and lower FGF19 levels. Colestipol treatment improved IBS symptoms (IBS severity scoring system 220±109 vs. 277±106; p<0.01), and 15/27 patients fulfilled criteria for treatment response (adequate relief ≥50% of weeks 5-8). Increased colonic bile acid exposure influences bowel habit and colonic transit time in patients with IBS. A high response rate to open label treatment with colestipol supports this, but placebo-controlled studies are warranted. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

End-of-Life and Palliative Care Issues in Medical and Nursing Schools in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dickinson, George E.

2007-01-01

Medical and nursing schools in the United States have traditionally had a limited emphasis on end-of-life care. The present study is a comparison of these 2 professional programs' current offerings on death education. Data were gathered via a mailed survey from the 122 medical schools in 2005 and the 580 baccalaureate nursing programs in 2006.…

EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES OF IBS (INTRA-BEAM SCATTERING) IN RHIC AND COMPARISON WITH THEORY.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

FEDOTOV, A.V.; FISCHER, W.; TEPIKIAN, S.

A high-energy electron cooling system is presently being developed to overcome emittance growth due to Intra-beam Scattering (IBS) in RHIC. A critical item for choosing appropriate parameters of the cooler is an accurate description of the IBS. The analytic models were verified vs dedicated IBS measurements. Analysis of the 2004 data with the Au ions showed very good agreement for the longitudinal growth rates but significant disagreement with exact IBS models for the transverse growth rates. Experimental measurements were improved for the 2005 run with the Cu ions. Here, we present comparison of the 2005 data with theoretical models.

The Community College Baccalaureate: Assessing Student Perceptions at One Rural Mississippi Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nail, Edana Leigh

2013-01-01

The demand for Community College Baccalaureate (CCB) degrees is rising due to increasing costs of educational obtainment resulting in decreased access. Also, universities are not always accessible geographically or academically to many students. Many students are limited in time and financial resources, and have family and job responsibilities,…

Nerve growth factor and diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D): a potential therapeutic target?

PubMed

Xu, Xiao-juan; Liu, Liang; Yao, Shu-kun

2016-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a common functional gastrointestinal disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain or discomfort associated with abnormal bowel habits. Diarrhea-predominant IBS (IBS-D) is a major subtype of IBS, the predominant manifestations of which are abdominal pain and diarrhea. The pathogenesis of IBS-D remained unknown until recently. The effects of psychosocial stress, central hypervigilance, neuroendocrine abnormality, disturbed gastrointestinal motility, mucosal immune activation, intestinal barrier dysfunction, visceral hypersensitivity (VH), altered gut flora, and genetic susceptibility may be involved in its development. Recently, increased attention has been placed on the neural-immune-endocrine network mechanism in IBS-D, especially the role of various neuroendocrine mediators. As a member of the neurotrophin family, nerve growth factor (NGF) has diverse biological effects, and participates in the pathogenesis of many diseases. Basic studies have demonstrated that NGF is associated with inflammatory- and stress-related VH, as well as stress-related intestinal barrier dysfunction. The aim of this study is to summarize recent literature and discuss the role of NGF in the pathophysiology of IBS-D, especially in VH and intestinal barrier dysfunction, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target in IBS-D.

Chronic Constipation and Constipation-Predominant IBS: Separate and Distinct Disorders or a Spectrum of Disease?

PubMed

Siah, Kewin T H; Wong, Reuben K; Whitehead, William E

2016-03-01

Rome III diagnostic criteria separate patients with idiopathic chronic constipation into mutually exclusive categories of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) or functional constipation (FC). However, several experts think that these conditions are not different disorders, but parts of a continuum. To shed light on this issue, we examined studies that compared IBS-C with FC with respect to symptoms, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment response. When the Rome III requirement that patients meeting criteria for IBS cannot also be given a diagnosis of FC is suspended, most patients meet criteria for both, and, contrary to expectation, IBS-C patients have more symptoms of constipation than patients with FC. No symptoms reliably separate IBS-C from FC. Physiologic tests are not reliably associated with diagnosis, but visceral pain hypersensitivity tends to be more strongly associated with IBS-C than with FC, and delayed colonic transit tends to be more common in FC. Although some treatments are effective for both IBS-C and FC, such as prosecretory agents, other treatments are specific to IBS-C (eg, antidepressants, antispasmodics, cognitive behavior therapy) or FC (eg, prucalopride, biofeedback). Future studies should permit IBS-C and FC diagnoses to overlap. Physiologic tests comparing these disorders should include visceral pain sensitivity, colonic transit time, time to evacuate a water-filled balloon, and anal pressures or electromyographic activity from the anal canal. To date, differential responses to treatment provide the strongest evidence that IBS-C and FC may be different disorders, rather than parts of a spectrum.

Chronic Constipation and Constipation-Predominant IBS: Separate and Distinct Disorders or a Spectrum of Disease?

PubMed Central

Siah, Kewin T. H.; Wong, Reuben K.

2016-01-01

Rome III diagnostic criteria separate patients with idiopathic chronic constipation into mutually exclusive categories of constipation-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-C) or functional constipation (FC). However, several experts think that these conditions are not different disorders, but parts of a continuum. To shed light on this issue, we examined studies that compared IBS-C with FC with respect to symptoms, pathophysiologic mechanisms, and treatment response. When the Rome III requirement that patients meeting criteria for IBS cannot also be given a diagnosis of FC is suspended, most patients meet criteria for both, and, contrary to expectation, IBS-C patients have more symptoms of constipation than patients with FC. No symptoms reliably separate IBS-C from FC. Physiologic tests are not reliably associated with diagnosis, but visceral pain hypersensitivity tends to be more strongly associated with IBS-C than with FC, and delayed colonic transit tends to be more common in FC. Although some treatments are effective for both IBS-C and FC, such as prosecretory agents, other treatments are specific to IBS-C (eg, antidepressants, antispasmodics, cognitive behavior therapy) or FC (eg, prucalopride, biofeedback). Future studies should permit IBS-C and FC diagnoses to overlap. Physiologic tests comparing these disorders should include visceral pain sensitivity, colonic transit time, time to evacuate a water-filled balloon, and anal pressures or electromyographic activity from the anal canal. To date, differential responses to treatment provide the strongest evidence that IBS-C and FC may be different disorders, rather than parts of a spectrum. PMID:27231446

Bromination of Phenol

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talbot, Christopher

2013-01-01

This "Science note" examines the bromination of phenol, a reaction that is commonly taught at A-level and IB (International Baccalaureate) as an example of electrophilic substitution. Phenol undergoes bromination with bromine or bromine water at room temperature. A white precipitate of 2,4,6-tribromophenol is rapidly formed. This…

Baccalaureate Time-to-Degree for Montana University System Two-Year College Transfer Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, Thomas Patrick

2017-01-01

Two-year college transfer education has been promoted as a cost-effective path for achieving the baccalaureate, but increased time-to-degree could nullify this assumption. The Montana University System (MUS) recently expanded the mission for its two-year college system by adding the transfer function. This non-experimental quantitative research…

Language Requirements for Baccalaureate Degrees in AACSB-Accredited Schools: Deans' Opinions.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arn, Joe; Rogers, Betty S.

1998-01-01

A survey of 422 deans of accredited business schools found that 71% support foreign language requirements for undergraduate business study; only 54% currently have them; 53% of private schools and 34.5% of public schools have requirements. Spanish is most beneficial and available, followed by Japanese and Chinese. (SK)

IBS: an illustrator for the presentation and visualization of biological sequences.

PubMed

Liu, Wenzhong; Xie, Yubin; Ma, Jiyong; Luo, Xiaotong; Nie, Peng; Zuo, Zhixiang; Lahrmann, Urs; Zhao, Qi; Zheng, Yueyuan; Zhao, Yong; Xue, Yu; Ren, Jian

2015-10-15

Biological sequence diagrams are fundamental for visualizing various functional elements in protein or nucleotide sequences that enable a summarization and presentation of existing information as well as means of intuitive new discoveries. Here, we present a software package called illustrator of biological sequences (IBS) that can be used for representing the organization of either protein or nucleotide sequences in a convenient, efficient and precise manner. Multiple options are provided in IBS, and biological sequences can be manipulated, recolored or rescaled in a user-defined mode. Also, the final representational artwork can be directly exported into a publication-quality figure. The standalone package of IBS was implemented in JAVA, while the online service was implemented in HTML5 and JavaScript. Both the standalone package and online service are freely available at http://ibs.biocuckoo.org. renjian.sysu@gmail.com or xueyu@hust.edu.cn Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

IBS: an illustrator for the presentation and visualization of biological sequences

PubMed Central

Liu, Wenzhong; Xie, Yubin; Ma, Jiyong; Luo, Xiaotong; Nie, Peng; Zuo, Zhixiang; Lahrmann, Urs; Zhao, Qi; Zheng, Yueyuan; Zhao, Yong; Xue, Yu; Ren, Jian

2015-01-01

Summary: Biological sequence diagrams are fundamental for visualizing various functional elements in protein or nucleotide sequences that enable a summarization and presentation of existing information as well as means of intuitive new discoveries. Here, we present a software package called illustrator of biological sequences (IBS) that can be used for representing the organization of either protein or nucleotide sequences in a convenient, efficient and precise manner. Multiple options are provided in IBS, and biological sequences can be manipulated, recolored or rescaled in a user-defined mode. Also, the final representational artwork can be directly exported into a publication-quality figure. Availability and implementation: The standalone package of IBS was implemented in JAVA, while the online service was implemented in HTML5 and JavaScript. Both the standalone package and online service are freely available at http://ibs.biocuckoo.org. Contact: renjian.sysu@gmail.com or xueyu@hust.edu.cn Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:26069263

Student nurses as school nurse extenders.

PubMed

Rossman, Carol L; Dood, Florence V; Squires, Darcy A

2012-12-01

The severe underuse of school nurses leaves students with unaddressed health needs that impact their safety and learning ability. An undergraduate pediatric clinical focusing on nursing students and the role of a school nurse in an elementary school setting can be a unique approach to combining the needs of school children and educating student nurses. One school of nursing created such a project to help address these needs and collect data on the activities student nurses performed in school nurse role and their impact on student health. This project serves as both a practice improvement project and an innovation in pediatric clinical education. The purposes of this project were to quantify baccalaureate nursing student activities related to the school nurse role and to evaluate the results that have the potential to impact on student health in an urban elementary school. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Associations between baccalaureate nursing students' perceptions of educational environment and HESI scores and GPA.

PubMed

Payne, Leslie K; Glaspie, Tina

2014-06-01

Students' perceptions of their educational environment have been found to be related to their approaches to learning and learning outcomes. Educational environment is just beginning to be researched in nursing education with the vast majority of studies focusing on the clinical educational environment. Perception of educational environment has been shown to influence student implementation of a specific learning style and influences educational outcomes such as program completion and GPA. There is a need for sound research that explores the relationship, if any, between perceptions of environment and outcomes. To explore the relationship between baccalaureate nursing student (BSN) perception of educational environment (SPEE) and objective learning outcomes. Retrospective correlational descriptive study. Private School of Nursing in the Southwest. Convenience sample of 62 graduating baccalaureate students. All graduating BSN students were invited to complete the Dundee Ready Education Environment Measure (DREEM) through the online survey application Qualtrics. A total of 62 students completed the DREEM survey. These results were compared with each student's GPA and HESI score. A total of 62 students completed the survey for an overall response rate of 57%. There was no correlation between total SPEE and nursing grade point average (NGPA) or HESI exit scores. Based on this study at this institution, it appears that students' performance was not influenced by SPEE. One of the major implications of this study is the possibility that an "acceptable" SPEE (one that is neither exceptional nor terrible) may not significantly influence student outcomes. Exploring this relationship has theoretical as well as practical implications as educators seek to determine the effectiveness of educational interventions. Student perception of learning environment is measured in various ways at the majority of institutions. It has been assumed that an educational environment that is

Tight junctions and IBS--the link between epithelial permeability, low-grade inflammation, and symptom generation?

PubMed

Piche, T

2014-03-01

In this issue of Neurogastroenterology and Motility, Dr Ewa Wilcz-Villega and colleagues report low expression of E-cadherin, a tight junction protein involved in the regulation of paracellular permeability, in the colonic mucosa of patients with the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with predominance of diarrhea (IBS-D) or alternating symptoms (IBS-A). These findings constitute an improvement in our knowledge of epithelial barrier disruption associated with IBS. There is mounting evidence to indicate that a compromised epithelial barrier is associated with low-grade immune activation and intestinal dysfunction in at least a proportion of IBS patients. During the last 10 years of research, much interest has focused on the increase in the number of different types of immune cells in the gut mucosa of IBS patients including: mast cells, T lymphocytes, and other local cells such as enteroendocrine cells. The inflammatory mediators released by these cells or other luminal factors could be at the origin of altered epithelial barrier functions and enteric nervous system signaling, which lead to gut hypersensitivity. A current conceptual framework states that clinical symptoms of IBS could be associated with structural and functional abnormalities of the mucosal barrier, highlighting the crucial importance of elucidating the contributory role of epithelial barrier defects in the pathogenesis of IBS. More importantly, disruption of the epithelial barrier could also participate in the generation of persistent abdominal pain and discomfort mimicking IBS in patients with inflammatory bowel diseases considered in remission. This mini review gives a brief summary of clinical and experimental evidence concerning the mechanisms underlying epithelial barrier defects in IBS. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Changes, Challenges, and Opportunities for Student Services at One Baccalaureate Degree-Granting Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Martinez, Edna

2018-01-01

Objective: The objective of this study was to explore organizational changes within the area of student services at one baccalaureate degree-granting community college. Method: Data were collected via in-depth semistructured interviews with faculty and administrators, observations, and organizational documents. Results: Analysis revealed extensive…

Evaluation of the Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire in diarrheal-predominant irritable bowel syndrome patients

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-d) significantly diminishes the health-related quality of life (HRQOL) of patients. Psychological and social impacts are common with many IBS-d patients reporting comorbid depression, anxiety, decreased intimacy, and lost working days. The Irritable Bowel Syndrome Quality of Life (IBS-QOL) questionnaire is a 34-item instrument developed and validated for measurement of HRQOL in non-subtyped IBS patients. The current paper assesses this previously-validated instrument employing data collected from 754 patients who participated in a randomized clinical trial of a novel treatment, eluxadoline, for IBS-d. Methods Psychometric methods common to HRQOL research were employed to evaluate the IBS-QOL. Many of the historical analyses of the IBS-QOL validations were used. Other techniques that extended the original methods were applied where more appropriate for the current dataset. In IBS-d patients, we analyzed the items and substructure of the IBS-QOL via item reduction, factor structure, internal consistency, reproducibility, construct validity, and ability to detect change. Results This study supports the IBS-QOL as a psychometrically valid measure. Factor analyses suggested that IBS-specific QOL as measured by the IBS-QOL is a unidimensional construct. Construct validity was further buttressed by significant correlations between IBS-QOL total scores and related measures of IBS-d severity including the historically-relevant Irritable Bowel Syndrome Adequate Relief (IBS-AR) item and the FDA’s Clinical Responder definition. The IBS-QOL also showed a significant ability to detect change as evidenced by analysis of treatment effects. A minority of the items, unrelated to the IBS-d, performed less well by the standards set by the original authors. Conclusions We established that the IBS-QOL total score is a psychometrically valid measure of HRQOL in IBS-d patients enrolled in this study. Our analyses suggest that

Educational Experiences and the Professional Reintegration of Registered Nurses Returning for Baccalaureate Degrees

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Einhellig, Katrina

2012-01-01

The purpose of this phenomenological research study was to understand the experiences of RN to BSN graduates within their educational experience and their subsequent reintegration into professional practice. The goal of the study was to elucidate the experiences of nurses as they returned for a baccalaureate degree in order to more fully…

Fecal incontinence in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS): Prevalence and associated factors in Swedish and American patients

PubMed Central

Simrén, Magnus; Palsson, Olafur S.; Heymen, Steve; Bajor, Antal; Törnblom, Hans; Whitehead, William E.

2016-01-01

Background Fecal incontinence (FI) is a prevalent but poorly recognized problem in the general population with profound negative effects on daily life. The prevalence of FI in IBS and its association with clinical, demographic and pathophysiological factors are largely unknown. Methods One US (n=304) and one Swedish (n=168) patient cohort fulfilling Rome III criteria for IBS completed Rome III diagnostic questions on FI and IBS symptoms, and questionnaires on IBS symptom severity, quality of life, anxiety and depression, and work productivity impairment. The patients also underwent assessments of colorectal sensitivity and motility. Key Results FI ≥ one day per month was reported by 19.7% (USA) and 13.7% (Sweden) of IBS patients. These proportions rose to 43.4% and 29.8% if patients with less frequent FI were included. FI prevalence was higher in older age groups, with a clear increase above age 40. IBS patients with FI reported greater overall IBS symptom severity, more frequent and loose stools, and greater urgency. Negative effects of FI on quality of life, psychological distress, and work productivity were demonstrated. No associations were found between colorectal physiology and FI. Conclusions & Inferences FI is common in IBS patients, and similar to previous general population reports, the major risk factors for FI in IBS are older age, rectal urgency, and loose, frequent stools. When IBS patients have comorbid FI, the impact on quality of life, psychological symptoms, and work impairment appears greater. PMID:27581702

Shining Light on Higher Education's Newest Baccalaureate Degrees and the Research Needed to Understand Their Impact

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bragg, Debra D.; Soler, Maria Claudia

2016-01-01

This chapter discusses methods and measures that are needed to conduct research on newly developing Applied Baccalaureate degrees that enable students to transfer applied college credits heretofore considered terminal to bachelor's degree programs.

Growth hormone deficiency in monozygotic twins with autosomal dominant pseudohypoparathyroidism type Ib.

PubMed

Sano, Shinichiro; Iwata, Hiromi; Matsubara, Keiko; Fukami, Maki; Kagami, Masayo; Ogata, Tsutomu

2015-01-01

Pseudohypoparathyroidism (PHP) is associated with compromised signal transductions via PTH receptor (PTH-R) and other G-protein-coupled receptors including GHRH-R. To date, while GH deficiency (GHD) has been reported in multiple patients with PHP-Ia caused by mutations on the maternally expressed GNAS coding regions and in two patients with sporadic form of PHP-Ib accompanied by broad methylation defects of maternally derived GNAS differentially methylated regions (DMRs), it has not been identified in a patient with an autosomal dominant form of PHP-Ib (AD-PHP-Ib) accompanied by an STX16 microdeletion and an isolated loss of methylation (LOM) at exon A/B-DMR. We studied 5 4/12-year-old monozygotic twins with short stature (both -3.4 SD) and GHD (peak GH values, <6.0 μg/L after arginine and clonidine stimulations). Molecular studies revealed maternally derived STX16 microdeletions and isolated LOMs at exon A/B-DMR in the twins, confirming the diagnosis of AD-PHP-Ib. GNAS mutation was not identified, and neither mutation nor copy number variation was detected in GH1, POU1F1, PROP1, GHRHR, LHX3, LHX4, and HESX1 in the twins. The results, in conjunction with the previous finding that GNAS shows maternal expression in the pituitary, suggest that GHD of the twins is primarily ascribed to compromised GHRH-R signaling caused by AD-PTH-Ib. Thus, resistance to multiple hormones including GHRH should be considered in AD-PHP-Ib.

International Education and IB Programmes: Worldwide Expansion and Potential Cultural Dissonance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Drake, Barry

2004-01-01

It has been suggested that the International Baccalaureate Organization could be expected to "influence" as many as 100 million people in the foreseeable future. This article focuses on some of the cultural dissonances that may be produced from attempts to "clone" on to non-Eurocentric models, educational systems and methodologies designed to…

A Study on The Effectiveness of a Pilot Inquiry-Based Middle School Science Program on Non- Cognitive Outcomes and Academic Achievement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dionisio, Rui Meira

The randomized research study assessed the effect of an inquiry-based science (IBS) program on non-cognitive outcomes and academic achievement. The study was the result of a grant that was awarded by Professional Resources in Science and Mathematics (PRISM), a program affiliated with Montclair State University in conjunction with Bristol-Myers Squibb, and part of the New Jersey Statewide Systemic Initiative (NJSSI). The NJSSI is a partnership of schools, districts, colleges and universities, science centers, businesses, and museums dedicated to improving the teaching and learning of science, mathematics, and technology in New Jersey. The quantitative research study utilized an IBS instructional program titled Science and Technology Concepts for Middle Schools (STC/MS) and was implemented in two middle schools within the same suburban school district. This study examined the effect of IBS classrooms on learning outcomes specifically related to gender and special education. Evaluation of student learning outcomes was conducted through the administration of three instruments: the Academic Self-Concept (ASC) scale, unit assessments, and NJASK 8 Science. The ASC scale and unit assessments were administered as a pretest and posttest in IBS classrooms. NJASK 8 Science scale scores were obtained through reporting of student performance data from the New Jersey Department of Education to the district. The quantitative analysis in this study provided evidence that IBS classrooms had a positive effect on academic achievement. Overall, students in IBS classrooms performed better than students in traditional classrooms on unit assessments. Additionally, male students and special education students in IBS classrooms outperformed students in traditional classrooms on unit assessments.

Examining an Evolution: A Case Study of Organizational Change Accompanying the Community College Baccalaureate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McKinney, Lyle; Morris, Phillip A.

2010-01-01

This study examined the nature and degree of organizational change that occurs when community colleges offer their own baccalaureate degree programs. Utilizing qualitative research methodology, we investigated how executive administrators at two Florida colleges managed this momentous change process and how this transformation has affected their…

The Doctorate Production and Baccalaureate Origins of African Americans in the Sciences and Engineering.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solorzano, Daniel G.

1995-01-01

Reviews the status of black doctorate production from U.S. universities during the 1980s, updating baseline information and examining the baccalaureate origins of African American doctorates. Black students continue to be underrepresented, especially in science and engineering, and gender differences persist. The role of historically black…

Characterization of IBS-like symptoms in patients with ulcerative colitis in clinical remission.

PubMed

Jonefjäll, B; Strid, H; Ohman, L; Svedlund, J; Bergstedt, A; Simren, M

2013-09-01

Gastrointestinal symptoms compatible with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are common in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. It has been suggested that these symptoms are a reflection of occult inflammation rather than coexisting IBS. The aim of this study was to characterize IBS-like symptoms in patients with Ulcerative Colitis (UC) in clinical remission by assessing inflammatory markers, psychological symptoms, and quality of life. Ninety-four patients with new onset of UC were followed prospectively during 3 years with yearly follow-up visits. The patients completed self-administrated questionnaires. Fecal calprotectin was used as an inflammatory biomarker. Remission was defined as a total Mayo-score ≤2 and an endoscopic subscore ≤1, with no relapse during the 3-month period prior to visit. The prevalence of patients that fulfilled Rome II criteria for IBS among UC patients in remission was 11% at visit 1, 23% at visit 2, and 17% at visit 3. When comparing UC patients in remission with and without IBS-like symptom, patients with IBS-like symptoms had more severe gastrointestinal symptoms, tendencies toward more severe psychological symptoms and reduced levels of quality of life, but the calprotectin levels did not differ between the two groups. IBS-like symptoms are common in patients with UC in clinical remission and these fluctuate over time. The symptoms are associated with poor psychological well-being and reduced quality of life, and do not seem to be a reflection of low-grade inflammatory activity. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme and Its Effect on Students in Poverty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kobylinski-Fehrman, Margaret Julia

2013-01-01

The achievement gap between middle class white students and black or Hispanic students living in low income households continues to be a persistent problem in education even ten years since the authorization of No Child Left Behind in 2001. This study examined the International Baccalaureate Middle Years Programme and how students from low income…

Reflections on the Status of Women Faculty: Part-Timers in Baccalaureate Nursing Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hawkins, Joellen W.; And Others

The use of part-time faculty in baccalaureate nursing programs and the views of part-timers about part-time employment were studies in two phases. The first phase was a descriptive exploration of the use of part-time faculty conducted in 1979 using questionnaires completed by administrative officers. Responses from administrators of 91…

Economics and Business Coursework by Undergraduate Students: Findings from Baccalaureate and Beyond Transcripts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bosshardt, William; Walstad, William B.

2017-01-01

The Baccalaureate and Beyond study from the National Center for Education Statistics at the U.S. Department of Education contains a nationally representative set of transcript data from colleges and university graduates in the 2007-2008 academic year, the latest year for which such data are available. The authors use the transcript data to analyze…

Impact of parental-rearing styles on irritable bowel syndrome in adolescents: a school-based study.

PubMed

Xing, Zhouxiong; Hou, Xiaohua; Zhou, Kan; Qin, Diyuan; Pan, Wen

2014-03-01

A strong association between family function and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) has been observed. Parental rearing styles, as a comprehensive mark for family function, may provide new clues to the etiology of IBS. This study aimed to explore which dimensions of parental rearing styles were risk factors or protective factors for IBS in adolescents. Two thousand three hundred twenty adolescents were recruited from one middle school and one high school randomly selected from Jiangan District (an urban district in Wuhan City). Data were collected using two Chinese versions of validated self-report questionnaires including the Rome III diagnostic criteria for pediatric IBS and the Egna Minnen Beträffande Uppfostran: One's Memories of Upbringing for perceived parental rearing styles. Ninety-six subjects diagnosed as pediatric IBS were compared with 1618 controls. The IBS patients reported less both paternal and maternal emotional warmth (all P < 0.01) and more both paternal and maternal punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection (only for father) (all P < 0.01) than the controls. Furthermore, the IBS patients had higher total scores of parental rearing styles (all P < 0.001) than the controls. With univariate logistic regression, standardized regression coefficients and odds ratios of parental rearing variables were calculated. Multivariate logistic regression revealed that paternal rejection (P = 0.001) and maternal overinterference (P = 0.002) were independent risk factors for IBS in adolescents. Parental emotional warmth is a protective factor for IBS in adolescents and parental punishment, overinterference, rejection, and overprotection are risk factors for IBS in adolescents. © 2013 Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Foundation and Wiley Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

A descriptive study of baccalaureate nursing students' responses to suicide prevention education.

PubMed

Pullen, Julie M; Gilje, Fredricka; Tesar, Emily

2016-01-01

Internationally, little is known regarding the amount of educational content on suicide in undergraduate nursing curriculum. The literature conducted found few published research studies on implementation of suicide prevention instruction in baccalaureate nursing curriculum, even though various international healthcare and nursing initiatives address suicide prevention. The aim was to describe senior baccalaureate students' responses to an evidence-based suicide prevention gatekeeper training program entitled Question-Persuade-Refer implemented in a required course. This is a multi-method descriptive study. Data were collected utilizing a pre-post-survey questionnaire administered to 150 students in four classes of a psychiatric nursing course over a two-year period. The quantitative data were statistically significant (p < 0.000) indicating an overall positive rating of the training. From the qualitative data, the main theme was 'becoming capable intervening with persons at risk for suicide'. Students responded very positively to the evidence based suicide prevention gatekeeper training program. The instruction addresses various national initiatives and strategies filling a void in nursing curriculum, as well as empowering students to engage in suicide prevention interventions. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

An Evidence-Based Look at Misconceptions in the Treatment of Patients with IBS-D

PubMed Central

Lacy, Brian E.; Chey, William D.; Chang, Lin

2013-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is the most common functional gastrointestinal disorder and affects up to 12% to 15% of adults in the United States, with a higher prevalence among women and those younger than 50 years. IBS adversely impacts quality of life and medical expenditures, with significant costs arising from healthcare visits and reduced workplace productivity. Recent studies have shown that the adverse effects of IBS are so significant that many patients are willing to accept risks of adverse events from effective treatment to gain symptom relief. Alosetron is a 5-HT3 receptor antagonist approved by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for women with severe diarrhea-predominant IBS that has not responded to traditional therapies. Alosetron yields overall improvements in IBS symptoms in 51% of patients vs 36% treated with placebo, with efficacy continuing undiminished over the course of a 48-week randomized, controlled trial. In real-world clinical practice, patients receiving alosetron had significant improvements in multiple IBS-related clinical parameters, including the new FDA IBS-diarrhea composite endpoint, lower gastrointestinal symptoms, fecal incontinence, and quality of life. Ischemic colitis and complications of constipation have been rare in occurrence. After nearly a decade of alosetron use under the risk management plan, adjudication of ischemic colitis and complications of constipation cases indicate that their incidence rates have remained low and stable. PMID:24872792

Increased production of BDNF in colonic epithelial cells induced by fecal supernatants from diarrheic IBS patients.

PubMed

Wang, Peng; Chen, Fei-Xue; Du, Chao; Li, Chang-Qing; Yu, Yan-Bo; Zuo, Xiu-Li; Li, Yan-Qing

2015-05-22

Colonic brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) plays an essential role in pathogenesis of abdominal pain in diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D), but regulation on its expression remains unclear. We investigated the role of fecal supernatants (FSN) from IBS-D patients on regulating BDNF expression in colonic epithelial cells of human and mice. Using human Caco-2 cells, we found that IBS-D FSN significantly increased BDNF mRNA and protein levels compared to control FSN, which were remarkably suppressed by the serine protease inhibitor. To further explore the potential mechanisms, we investigated the impact of protease-activated receptor-2 (PAR-2) on BDNF expression. We found a significant increase in PAR-2 expression in Caco-2 after IBS-D FSN stimulation. Knockdown of PAR-2 significantly inhibited IBS-D FSN-induced upregulation of BDNF. Moreover, we found that phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, not NF-κB p65, contributed to PAR-2-mediated BDNF overexpression. To confirm these results, we intracolonically infused IBS-D or control FSN in mice and found that IBS-D FSN significantly elevated colonic BDNF and visceral hypersensitivity in mice, which were both suppressed by the inhibitor of serine protease or antagonist of PAR-2. Together, our data indicate that activation of PAR-2 signaling by IBS-D FSN promotes expression of colonic BDNF, thereby contributing to IBS-like visceral hypersensitivity.

"Why Wait Years to Become Something?" Low-Income African American Youth and the Costly Career Search in For-Profit Trade Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holland, Megan M.; DeLuca, Stefanie

2016-01-01

Increasing numbers of low-income and minority youth are now pursuing shorter-duration sub-baccalaureate credentials at for-profit trade and technical schools. However, many students drop out of these schools, leaving with large debts and few job prospects. Despite these dismal outcomes, we know very little about students' experiences in for-profit…

Eluxadoline Efficacy in IBS-D Patients Who Report Prior Loperamide Use.

PubMed

Lacy, Brian E; Chey, William D; Cash, Brooks D; Lembo, Anthony J; Dove, Leonard S; Covington, Paul S

2017-06-01

Irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D) is often managed with over-the-counter therapies such as loperamide, though with limited success. This analysis evaluated the efficacy of eluxadoline in patients previously treated with loperamide in two phase 3 studies. Adults with IBS-D (Rome III criteria) were enrolled and randomized to placebo or eluxadoline (75 or 100 mg) twice daily for 26 (IBS-3002) or 52 (IBS-3001) weeks. Patients reported loperamide use over the previous year and recorded their rescue loperamide use during the studies. The primary efficacy end point was the proportion of patients with a composite response of simultaneous improvement in abdominal pain and reduction in diarrhea. A total of 2,428 patients were enrolled; 36.0% reported prior loperamide use, of whom 61.8% reported prior inadequate IBS-D symptom control with loperamide. Among patients with prior loperamide use, a greater proportion treated with eluxadoline (75 and 100 mg) were composite responders vs. those treated with placebo with inadequate prior symptom control, over weeks 1-12 (26.3% (P=0.001) and 27.0% (P<0.001) vs. 12.7%, respectively); similar results were observed over weeks 1-26. When daily rescue loperamide use was imputed as a nonresponse day, the composite responder rate was still higher in patients receiving eluxadoline (75 and 100 mg) vs. placebo over weeks 1-12 (P<0.001) and weeks 1-26 (P<0.001). Adverse events included nausea and abdominal pain. Eluxadoline effectively and safely treats IBS-D symptoms of abdominal pain and diarrhea in patients who self-report either adequate or inadequate control of their symptoms with prior loperamide treatment, with comparable efficacy and safety irrespective of the use of loperamide as a rescue medication during eluxadoline treatment.

Exploring the undergraduate experience of Latina students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors: Motivators and strategies for achieving baccalaureate attainment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carbajal, Sandy C.

Drawing from Latino/a Critical Race Theory and the related Community Cultural Wealth (CCW) model, I concentrate on three forms of CCW---aspirational, navigational, and resistance capital---for this qualitative study on the undergraduate experience of Latina students in Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) majors, focusing on strategies and achieving baccalaureate attainment. I interviewed ten Latina students and asked them questions regarding their educational experiences in STEM majors, what contributed to their degree completion, and the strategies they employed for achieving baccalaureate attainment. I identified and described six themes within the study (the underrepresentation of Latinas in STEM majors, the lack of preparation by academic programs for upper division courses, motivators, involvement, time management, and support networks) that, when combined, contributed to participants' degree attainment. This study concludes with implications for policy and practice that would allow universities to better assist Latinas in STEM majors to achieve baccalaureate attainment.

The Influence of Leadership Practices on Faculty Job Satisfaction in Baccalaureate Degree Nursing Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afam, Clifford C.

2012-01-01

Using a correlational, cross-sectional study design with self-administered questionnaires, this study explored the extent to which leadership practices of deans and department heads influence faculty job satisfaction in baccalaureate degree nursing programs. Using a simple random sampling technique, the study survey was sent to 400 faculty…

Stressors Experienced by Nursing Students Enrolled in Baccalaureate Second Degree Accelerated Registered Nursing Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bell, Charlene

2017-01-01

A mounting concern throughout the country is a current and growing nursing shortage. In order to meet the growing demand of nurses, many colleges have created baccalaureate second degree accelerated registered nursing programs. Stressors, experienced by nursing students in these accelerated programs, may affect their retention. A deeper…

Immersed boundary peridynamics (IB/PD) method to simulate aortic dissection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhalla, Amneet Pal Singh; Griffith, Boyce

2016-11-01

Aortic dissection occurs when an intimal tear in the aortic wall propagates into the media to form a false lumen within the vessel wall. Rupture of the false lumen and collapse of the true lumen both carry a high risk of morbidity and mortality. Surgical treatment consists of either replacement of a portion of the aorta, or stent implantation to cover the affected segment. Both approaches carry significant risks: open surgical intervention is highly invasive, whereas stents can be challenging to implant and offer unclear long-term patient outcomes. It is also difficult to time optimally the intervention to ensure that the benefits of treatment outweigh its risks. In this work we develop innovative fluid-structure interaction (FSI) model combining elements from immersed boundary (IB) and peridynamics (PD) methods to simulate tears in membranes. The new approach is termed as IB/PD method. We use non-ordinary state based PD to represent material hyperelasticity. Several test problems are taken to validate peridynamics approach to model structural dynamics, with and without accounting for failure in the structures. FSI simulations using IB/PD method are compared with immersed finite element method (IB/FE) to validate the new hybrid approach. NIH Award R01HL117163 NSF Award ACI 1450327.

Detection of the High-Level Aminoglycoside Resistance Gene aph(2")-Ib in Enterococcus faecium

PubMed Central

Kao, Susan J.; You, Il; Clewell, Don B.; Donabedian, Susan M.; Zervos, Marcus J.; Petrin, Joanne; Shaw, Karen J.; Chow, Joseph W.

2000-01-01

A new high-level gentamicin resistance gene, designated aph(2")-Ib, was cloned from Enterococcus faecium SF11770. The deduced amino acid sequence of the 897-bp open reading frame of aph(2")-Ib shares homology with the aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes AAC(6′)-APH(2"), APH(2")-Ic, and APH(2")-Id. The observed phosphotransferase activity is designated APH(2")-Ib. PMID:10991878

Ideas and Evidence in Science.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Talbot, Chris

2000-01-01

Describes how some of the Theory of Knowledge (ToK) requirements, which is a central part of the International Baccalaurate (IB) Diploma program, for the natural sciences component can be addressed through case studies from the history of chemistry and related subjects. Provides examples for the 'Ideas and evidence in science' which can be useful…

The severity of inflammation at onset of ulcerative colitis is not associated with IBS-like symptoms during clinical remission.

PubMed

Jonefjäll, Börje; Simrén, Magnus; Öhman, Lena; Lasson, Anders; Svedlund, Jan; Strid, Hans

2015-09-01

Symptoms compatible with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) are common in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) in clinical remission. It has been suggested that these symptoms might arise due to post-inflammatory changes comparable with post-infectious IBS. The aim was to study factors at new onset of UC that predict development of IBS-like symptoms during clinical remission. In total, 98 patients with new onset of UC were followed prospectively for 3 years with yearly follow-up visits. Data from the first visit at the onset of UC were compared between a group of patients who fulfilled the criteria for IBS while in remission (UCR+IBS) during follow-up and a group who did not (UCR-IBS). Among the UC patients, 87 met the criteria for clinical remission and 25 (29%) of these reported IBS-like symptoms in remission during follow-up. There was no difference in inflammatory disease activity at the initial flare or in the prevalence of previous IBS symptoms when comparing UCR+IBS and UCR-IBS patients. The UCR+IBS patients reported more severe gastrointestinal symptoms, including abdominal pain, during their primary flare. The severity and extent of inflammation at onset of UC do not seem to affect the development of IBS-like symptoms in UC patients during clinical remission. The high prevalence of IBS-like symptoms is not explained by pre-existing IBS. UCR+IBS patients reported more severe gastrointestinal symptoms at disease onset, which might indicate a more sensitive gastrointestinal tract in this category of patients. Copyright © 2015 European Crohn’s and Colitis Organisation (ECCO). Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

sPLA2 IB induces human podocyte apoptosis via the M-type phospholipase A2 receptor

PubMed Central

Pan, Yangbin; Wan, Jianxin; Liu, Yipeng; Yang, Qian; Liang, Wei; Singhal, Pravin C.; Saleem, Moin A.; Ding, Guohua

2014-01-01

The M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R) is expressed in podocytes in human glomeruli. Group IB secretory phospholipase A2 (sPLA2 IB), which is one of the ligands of the PLA2R, is more highly expressed in chronic renal failure patients than in controls. However, the roles of the PLA2R and sPLA2 IB in the pathogenesis of glomerular diseases are unknown. In the present study, we found that more podocyte apoptosis occurs in the kidneys of patients with higher PLA2R and serum sPLA2 IB levels. In vitro, we demonstrated that human podocyte cells expressed the PLA2R in the cell membrane. After binding with the PLA2R, sPLA2 IB induced podocyte apoptosis in a time- and concentration-dependent manner. sPLA2 IB-induced podocyte PLA2R upregulation was not only associated with increased ERK1/2 and cPLA2α phosphorylation but also displayed enhanced apoptosis. In contrast, PLA2R-silenced human podocytes displayed attenuated apoptosis. sPLA2 IB enhanced podocyte arachidonic acid (AA) content in a dose-dependent manner. These data indicate that sPLA2 IB has the potential to induce human podocyte apoptosis via binding to the PLA2R. The sPLA2 IB-PLA2R interaction stimulated podocyte apoptosis through activating ERK1/2 and cPLA2α and through increasing the podocyte AA content. PMID:25335547

Molecular Characterization and Growth Association of Two Apolipoprotein A-Ib Genes in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio)

PubMed Central

Wang, Xinhua; Yu, Xiaomu; Tong, Jingou

2016-01-01

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is functionally involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in vertebrates. In this study, two isoforms of apoA-Ib in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were characterized. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that C. carpio ApoA-Ib is relatively conserved within cyprinid fishes. During embryonic development, C. carpio apoA-Ib was first expressed at the stage of multi-cells, and the highest mRNA level was observed at the stage of optic vesicle. A ubiquitous expression pattern was detected in various tissues with extreme predominance in the liver. Significantly different expression levels were observed between light and heavy body weight groups and also in the compensatory growth test. Seventeen and eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in matured mRNA of the C. carpio apoA-Ib.1 and apoA-Ib.2, respectively. Two of these SNPs (apoA-Ib.2-g.183A>T and apoA-Ib.2-g.1753C>T) were significantly associated with body weight and body length in two populations of common carp. These results indicate that apoA-Ib may play an important role in the modulation of growth and development in common carp. PMID:27649163

Molecular Characterization and Growth Association of Two Apolipoprotein A-Ib Genes in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio).

PubMed

Wang, Xinhua; Yu, Xiaomu; Tong, Jingou

2016-09-16

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is functionally involved in the transportation and metabolism of lipids in vertebrates. In this study, two isoforms of apoA-Ib in common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) were characterized. Sequence comparison and phylogenetic analysis showed that C. carpio ApoA-Ib is relatively conserved within cyprinid fishes. During embryonic development, C. carpio apoA-Ib was first expressed at the stage of multi-cells, and the highest mRNA level was observed at the stage of optic vesicle. A ubiquitous expression pattern was detected in various tissues with extreme predominance in the liver. Significantly different expression levels were observed between light and heavy body weight groups and also in the compensatory growth test. Seventeen and eight single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were identified in matured mRNA of the C. carpio apoA-Ib.1 and apoA-Ib.2, respectively. Two of these SNPs (apoA-Ib.2-g.183A>T and apoA-Ib.2-g.1753C>T) were significantly associated with body weight and body length in two populations of common carp. These results indicate that apoA-Ib may play an important role in the modulation of growth and development in common carp.

Baccalaureate Success of Vertical Transfer Students: The Impact of Geography, Gender, Age, and Risk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Freeman, Melissa L.; Conley, Valerie Martin

2008-01-01

This exploratory study examined the impact of location (rural vs. non-rural) and individual characteristics such as age, gender, and risk factors on baccalaureate attainment of vertical transfer students. Descriptive findings indicate that overall few students (12%) who began in a two-year institution transferred to a four-year institution.…

Epidemiology of Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in Medical Students of Northern India.

PubMed

Basandra, Sumeena; Bajaj, Divyansh

2014-12-01

Dyspepsia and Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) are perhaps one of the most common gastrointestinal diseases universally. The prevalence of dyspepsia ranges from 7-40% while the prevalence of IBS ranges between 3-22% in population based studies worldwide. This study was conducted to estimate the prevalence, socio-demographic and lifestyle associated risk factors of Dyspepsia and IBS among medical college students of urban Delhi, Northern India. It is a cross-sectional study and was carried out from January to March 2014 at Maulana Azad Medical College, New Delhi, India. A total of 210 students from a Medical College were asked to complete a semi-structured questionnaire based on identification and socio-demographic data, questions pertaining to lifestyle and Rome III criteria. Of the valid 200 subjects, 90(45%) were males and 110(55%) were females, with a mean age of 20.43± 1.05 y. Majority of the subjects (diagnosed with uninvestigated dyspepsia and IBS) were in the age group of 18-20 y with female gender having higher odds for both. The prevalence of dyspepsia was 18% while that of IBS was 16.5%.Consumption of fatty food, cigarettes and low physical activity were observed as most significant correlates. Rome III criteria enables symptom based diagnosis of dyspepsia and IBS.The prevalence of dyspepsia and IBS in college students from Delhi is observed to be higher. Association with lifestyle related factors highlights the importance of modifications in their prevention.

6 Tips: IBS and Complementary Health Practices

MedlinePlus

... as anxiety, depression, disability, and quality of life. Probiotics . Probiotics such as Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus are live microorganisms ... There is some preliminary evidence that suggests some probiotics may improve symptoms of IBS, such as abdominal ...

Faculty Leadership in Baccalaureate Study Abroad Programs: The Relationship between Faculty Preparedness and Intercultural Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MacDonald, Carla J.

2012-01-01

The dissertation describes projected research to investigate whether a relationship exists between faculty in baccalaureate education who lead short term study abroad programs (SAPS) and their levels of intercultural competency. Specifically, the research collected considers whether a connection exists between those faculty who received…

Support from Chief Executives to Sponsored Programs Administration at Baccalaureate Universities in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Zoya

2012-01-01

This research study examined support to sponsored programs administrators (SPAs, or research administrators) at baccalaureate universities from their chief executives. Support to SPAs strengthens the shared purpose of the university, enabling SPAs to serve as effective organizational representatives in business transactions pertaining to grants…

Measuring IBS patient reported outcomes with an abdominal pain numeric rating scale: results from the proof cohort

PubMed Central

SPIEGEL, B.; BOLUS, R.; HARRIS, L. A.; LUCAK, S.; NALIBOFF, B.; ESRAILIAN, E.; CHEY, W. D.; LEMBO, A.; KARSAN, H.; TILLISCH, K.; TALLEY, J.; MAYER, E.; CHANG, L.

2009-01-01

Background Controversy exists about how to effectively measure patient reported outcomes in IBS clinical trials. Pain numeric rating scales (NRS) are widely used in the non-IBS pain literature. The FDA has proposed using the NRS in IBS. Aim To test the psychometrics of an abdominal pain NRS in IBS. Methods We analyzed data from a longitudinal cohort of Rome III IBS subjects. At entry, subjects completed a 10-point NRS, bowel symptoms, IBS severity measurements (IBSSS, FBDSI), health related quality of life indices (IBS-QOL, EQ5D), and the worker productivity activity index (WPAI). We repeated assessments at 3 months along with a response scale to calculate the minimal clinically important difference (MCID). Results There were 277 subjects (82% women; age=42±15) at baseline and 90 at 3 months. The NRS correlated cross-sectionally with IBSSS (r=0.60; p<0.0011), FBDSI (r=0.49; p<0.0001), IBS-QOL (r=0.43; p<0.0001), EQ5D (r=0.48; p<0.0001), presenteeism (r=0.39; p<0.0001), absenteeism (r=0.17; p=0.04), and distension (r=0.46; p<0.0001), but not stool frequency or form. The MCID was 2.2 points, correlating with a 29.5% reduction over time. Conclusions An abdominal pain NRS exhibits excellent validity and can be readily interpreted with an MCID in patients with IBS. These data support the use of the NRS in IBS clinical trials. PMID:19751360

Reduced E-cadherin expression is associated with abdominal pain and symptom duration in a study of alternating and diarrhea predominant IBS.

PubMed

Wilcz-Villega, E; McClean, S; O'Sullivan, M

2014-03-01

Increased intestinal permeability and altered expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins may be implicated in the pathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). This study aimed to investigate the expression of adherens junction (AJ) protein E-cadherin and TJ proteins zonula occludens (ZO)-1 and claudin (CLD)-1 and associations with IBS symptoms. Junctional proteins were immunostained in cecal biopsy tissue of Rome II IBS patients (n = 34) comprising both alternating (IBS-A) and diarrhea predominant (IBS-D) subtypes, and controls (n = 12). IBS symptom duration, abdominal pain severity and stool frequency were assessed for IBS patients. Protein expression was determined by immunofluorescence. E-cadherin and ZO-1 protein expression was significantly lower (p = 0.03 and p = 0.016, respectively) in the cecal surface epithelium of the IBS group comprising both IBS-A and IBS-D subtypes. CLD-1 expression was not significantly altered compared with controls. On subtype analysis, ZO-1 expression was significantly reduced in both IBS-A and IBS-D compared with controls, whereas E-cadherin was reduced only in IBS-A. Lower E-cadherin expression was associated with longer symptoms duration specifically in IBS-A patients (rs = -0.76, p = 0.004). Reduced E-cadherin associated with abdominal pain severity in the overall IBS group (rs = -0.36, p = 0.041), but this association was unrelated to IBS subtype. E-cadherin protein expression in the cecum was significantly lower in IBS-A compared with controls and associated with longstanding symptoms. E-cadherin was further associated with abdominal pain severity in the IBS group overall, but unrelated to IBS subtype. Altered E-cadherin expression may provide novel insights into mechanisms underlying intestinal barrier dysfunction in IBS. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

An Examination of Accelerated and Basic Baccalaureate Nursing Students' Perceptions of Clinical Decision Making

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krumwiede, Kelly A.

2010-01-01

Developing decision-making skills is essential in education in order to be a competent nurse. The purpose of this study was to examine and compare the perceptions of clinical decision-making skills of students enrolled in accelerated and basic baccalaureate nursing programs. A comparative descriptive research design was used for this study.…

Job Satisfaction of Nurse Educators in a Collaborative Baccalaureate Nursing Program in Western Canada.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Beverley

A study identified the factors that influenced the job satisfaction of nurse educators involved in a change to a collaborative baccalaureate nursing program in the province of Manitoba, Canada. The total population of nurse educators from both hospital-based and university-based institutions (n=42) was surveyed. Data were collected using an…

Experiential Teaching Increases Medication Calculation Accuracy Among Baccalaureate Nursing Students.

PubMed

Hurley, Teresa V

Safe medication administration is an international goal. Calculation errors cause patient harm despite education. The research purpose was to evaluate the effectiveness of an experiential teaching strategy to reduce errors in a sample of 78 baccalaureate nursing students at a Northeastern college. A pretest-posttest design with random assignment into equal-sized groups was used. The experiential strategy was more effective than the traditional method (t = -0.312, df = 37, p = .004, 95% CI) with a reduction in calculation errors. Evaluations of error type and teaching strategies are indicated to facilitate course and program changes.

The clinical potential of ramosetron in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome with diarrhea (IBS-D).

PubMed

Min, Yang Won; Rhee, Poong-Lyul

2015-05-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a highly prevalent functional bowel disorder. Serotonin (5-HT) is known to play a physiological and pathophysiological role in the regulation of gastrointestinal function. In experimental studies, 5-HT3 receptor antagonists have been reported to slow colon transit, to blunt gastrocolonic reflex, and to reduce rectal sensitivity. Alosetron and cilansetron, potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, have proven efficacy in the treatment of IBS with diarrhea (IBS-D). However, alosetron was voluntarily withdrawn due to postmarketing reports of ischemic colitis and complications of constipation, and cilansetron was never marketed. Currently alosetron is available under a risk management program for women with severe IBS-D. Ramosetron is another potent and selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist, which has been marketed in Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan. In animal studies, ramosetron reduced defecation induced by corticotrophin-releasing hormone and had inhibitory effects on colonic nociception. In two randomized controlled studies including 957 patients with IBS-D, ramosetron increased monthly responder rates of patient-reported global assessment of IBS symptom relief compared with placebo. Ramosetron was also as effective as mebeverine in male patients with IBS-D. In a recent randomized controlled trial with 343 male patients with IBS-D, ramosetron has proved effective in improving stool consistency, relieving abdominal pain/discomfort, and improving health-related quality of life. Regarding safety, ramosetron is associated with a lower incidence of constipation compared with other 5-HT3 receptor antagonists and has not been associated with ischemic colitis. Although further large prospective studies are needed to assess whether ramosetron is effective for female patients with IBS-D and to evaluate its long-term safety, ramosetron appears to be one of the most promising agents for patients with IBS-D.

Critical Success Factors for Lean Thinking in the Application of Industrialised Building System (IBS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yunus, Riduan; Noor, Siti Rahimah Mohd; Halid Abdullah, Abd; Nagapan, Sasitharan; Hamid, Abdul Rahim Abdul; Tajudin, Saiful Azhar Ahmad; Rohani Mat Jusof, Siti

2017-08-01

Productivity in the manufacturing process of building components can be increased by optimising each advantage that is available in each activity. Identification of critical success factors (CSFs) for lean thinking in the Industrialised Building System (IBS) will be able to minimise cost and reduce time needed to complete a project. The focus of lean thinking in construction is on the production process and the client’s requirement. In developing countries such as Malaysia, the integration of lean thinking in IBS applications is still low and there is a shortage of comprehensive strategies to integrate lean thinking. As key stakeholders, feedback from contractors, manufacturers, developers and the local authority will be able to help the identification of CSFs in integrating lean thinking in IBS applications. The data was collected through a questionnaire survey and analysed quantitatively. There are 31 CSFs for lean thinking in IBS which have been identified in this study. A conceptual model was developed to assist researchers in investigating the influences of CSFs for lean thinking in IBS applications. This study will assist construction players to improvise their manufacturing process in the implementation of IBS to eliminate unnecessary activities and focus instead on significant processes without generating physical and non-physical waste.

The communication in industrialised building system (IBS) construction project: Virtual environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pozin, Mohd Affendi Ahmad; Nawi, Mohd Nasrun Mohd

2017-10-01

Large portion of numbers team organization in the IBS construction sector is known are being fragmented. That is contributed from a segregation of construction activity thus create team working in virtually. Virtual team are the nature when teams are working in distributed area, across culture and time. Therefore, teams can be respond to the task without relocating to the site project and settle down a problem through information and communication technology (ICT). The emergence of virtual team are carry out by advancements in communication technologies as a medium to improve project team communication in project delivery process on IBS construction. Based on literature review from previous study and data collected from interviewing, this paper aim to identified communication challenges among project team members according to current project development practices in IBS construction project. Hence, in attempt to develop effective communication through the advantages of virtual team approach for IBS construction project. In order to ensure the data is gathered comprehensively and accurately, the data was collected from project managers by using semi structured interview method. It was found that virtual team approach could be enable competitive challenges on complexity in the construction project management process.

Adjuvant treatment of stage IB NSCLC: the problem of stage subset heterogeneity.

PubMed

Calhoun, Royce; Jablons, David; Lau, Derick; Gandara, David R

2008-04-30

While 5-year survival rates in patients with stage IB non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) are historically modest (40% to 67%), adjuvant chemotherapy trials including this subgroup have shown little evidence of chemotherapeutic benefit. This article reviews the available data regarding adjuvant chemotherapy following surgically resected stage IB NSCLC, framed within the context of present and future proposed definitions of this diagnosis. The discussion addresses limitations of the current staging system and how this contributes to the mixed results seen with adjuvant treatment. In addition, the authors consider current treatment options for stage IB NSCLC and review planned clinical trials for stage I disease designed to exploit new pharmacogenomic findings.

Participating in the International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme: Developing International Mindedness and Engagement with Local Communities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Belal, Susie

2017-01-01

Although the rapidly expanding International Baccalaureate Diploma Programme (IBDP) is a well-recognized program perceived to offer best practices in education, including developing international mindedness in students and engaging with the local communities, there is little empirical evidence to support these outcomes. This mixed methods case…

Teaching/learning strategies for the essentials of baccalaureate nursing education for entry-level community/public health nursing.

PubMed

Callen, Bonnie; Smith, Claudia M; Joyce, Barbara; Lutz, Jayne; Brown-Schott, Nancy; Block, Derryl

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article is to describe teaching/learning strategies for each of the 15 Essentials of Baccalaureate Nursing Education for Entry-Level Community/Public Health Nursing (ACHNE, 2009). Carper's ways of knowing serve as foundations for creating classroom and clinical experiences that focus on clinical action with community as client. Each community/public health essential is defined with relevance to community/public health nursing practice. Five teaching/learning strategies have been delineated for each essential with suggestions of teaching resources and/or target population application. Teaching/learning strategies that focus on community as client, population health, and the essential knowledge and competencies of C/PH nursing will help ensure preparation of baccalaureate prepared nurses with knowledge and skills to improve the health of populations. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Development and pilot testing of an integrated, web-based self-management program for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS).

PubMed

Dorn, S D; Palsson, O S; Woldeghebriel, M; Fowler, B; McCoy, R; Weinberger, M; Drossman, D A

2015-01-01

Although essential, many medical practices are unable to adequately support irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patient self-management. Web-based programs can help overcome these barriers. We developed, assessed, and refined an integrated IBS self-management program (IBS Self-care). We then conducted a 12-week pilot test to assess program utilization, evaluate its association with patients' self-efficacy and quality of life, and collect qualitative feedback to improve the program. 40 subjects with generally mild IBS were recruited via the Internet to participate in a 12-week pilot study. Subjects found the website easy to use (93%) and personally relevant (95%), and 90% would recommend it to a friend. Self-rated IBS knowledge increased from an average of 47.1 on a 100-point VAS scale (SD 22.1) at baseline to 77.4 (SD: 12.4) at week 12 (p < 0.0001). There were no significant changes in patient self-efficacy (Patient Activation Measure) or quality of life (IBS -Quality of Life Scale). The IBS Self-Care program was well received by users who after 12 weeks reported improved knowledge about IBS, but no significant changes in self-efficacy or quality of life. If applied to the right population, this low cost solution can overcome some of the deficiencies of medical care and empower individuals to better manage their own IBS. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Ostomate-for-a-Day: A Novel Pedagogy for Teaching Ostomy Care to Baccalaureate Nursing Students.

PubMed

Kerr, Noël

2015-08-01

The literature describing successful pedagogies for teaching ostomy care to baccalaureate nursing students is limited. This qualitative study investigated the potential benefits of participating in an immersive simulation that allowed baccalaureate nursing students to explore the physical and psychosocial impact of ostomy surgery. Junior-level nursing students attended a 2-hour interactive session during which they learned about preoperative stoma site marking and practiced the maneuvers on a peer. Students then wore an ostomy appliance for the next 24 hours, completed tasks simulating ostomy self-care, and submitted a three- to four-page reflection on the experience. These data were coded using the iterative process of constant comparison described by Glaser. Six major themes were identified: Accommodation for Activities of Daily Living, Coping with Annoyances, Body Image and Feelings, Disclosure, Insights for Teaching, and Empathy. Each participant affirmed the value of the experience. Suggestions for future research studies are discussed. Copyright 2015, SLACK Incorporated.

A TBP-containing multiprotein complex (TIF-IB) mediates transcription specificity of murine RNA polymerase I.

PubMed

Eberhard, D; Tora, L; Egly, J M; Grummt, I

1993-09-11

TIF-IB is a transcription factor which interacts with the mouse ribosomal gene promoter and nucleates the formation of an initiation complex containing RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We have purified this factor to near homogeneity and demonstrate that TIF-IB is a large complex (< 200 kDa) which contains several polypeptides. One of the subunits present in this protein complex is the TATA-binding protein (TBP) as revealed by copurification of TIF-IB activity and TBP over different chromatographic steps including immunoaffinity purification. In addition to TBP, three tightly associated proteins (TAFs-I) with apparent molecular weights of 95, 68, and 48 kDa are contained in this multimeric complex. This subunit composition is similar--but not identical--to the analogous human factor SL1. Depletion of TBP from TIF-IB-containing fractions by immunoprecipitation eliminates TIF-IB activity. Neither TBP alone nor fractions containing other TBP complexes are capable of substituting for TIF-IB activity. Therefore, TIF-IB is a unique complex with Pol I-specific TAFs distinct from other TBP-containing complexes. The identification of TBP as an integral part of the murine rDNA promoter-specific transcription initiation factor extends the previously noted similarity of transcriptional initiation by the three nuclear RNA polymerases and underscores the importance of TAFs in determining promoter specificity.

A TBP-containing multiprotein complex (TIF-IB) mediates transcription specificity of murine RNA polymerase I.

PubMed Central

Eberhard, D; Tora, L; Egly, J M; Grummt, I

1993-01-01

TIF-IB is a transcription factor which interacts with the mouse ribosomal gene promoter and nucleates the formation of an initiation complex containing RNA polymerase I (Pol I). We have purified this factor to near homogeneity and demonstrate that TIF-IB is a large complex (< 200 kDa) which contains several polypeptides. One of the subunits present in this protein complex is the TATA-binding protein (TBP) as revealed by copurification of TIF-IB activity and TBP over different chromatographic steps including immunoaffinity purification. In addition to TBP, three tightly associated proteins (TAFs-I) with apparent molecular weights of 95, 68, and 48 kDa are contained in this multimeric complex. This subunit composition is similar--but not identical--to the analogous human factor SL1. Depletion of TBP from TIF-IB-containing fractions by immunoprecipitation eliminates TIF-IB activity. Neither TBP alone nor fractions containing other TBP complexes are capable of substituting for TIF-IB activity. Therefore, TIF-IB is a unique complex with Pol I-specific TAFs distinct from other TBP-containing complexes. The identification of TBP as an integral part of the murine rDNA promoter-specific transcription initiation factor extends the previously noted similarity of transcriptional initiation by the three nuclear RNA polymerases and underscores the importance of TAFs in determining promoter specificity. Images PMID:8414971

Tegaserod in the treatment of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) with constipation as the prime symptom

PubMed Central

Layer, Peter; Keller, Jutta; Loeffler, Helena; Kreiss, Andreas

2007-01-01

Irritable bowel syndrome with constipation (IBS-C) as the predominant bowel symptom is a prevalent disorder, characterized by recurring abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, and constipation, and imposes a significant socio-economic burden. Traditional treatments generally address just one of the multiple IBS symptoms. The efficacy and safety profile of tegaserod, a serotonin 5-HT4 receptor agonist, has been demonstrated in several randomized, placebo-controlled, and open-label trials. This review discusses the major clinical trials of tegaserod, which have involved 8948 IBS patients. Overall, data reveal that tegaserod is an effective treatment for IBS-C, providing statistically significant relief of overall and multiple individual IBS-C symptoms (abdominal pain/discomfort, bloating, and constipation) in both placebo-controlled and “real-life” open-label settings. Repeat treatments with tegaserod were also shown to be effective, which is noteworthy given the chronic and episodic nature of IBS. Moreover, tegaserod was associated with improvements in patients’ quality of life and work productivity. Data also indicate that tegaserod is well tolerated over the short-term (4 weeks), long-term (12 months), and repeated treatments. Diarrhea is the only adverse event consistently associated with tegaserod and was generally mild and transient. Overall, tegaserod has been demonstrated to offer effective and well-tolerated treatment of IBS-C, providing patients with meaningful symptom relief. PMID:18360619

The Persistence Pyramid: Factors Related to Persistence for Low-Income Students in Baccalaureate Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Opatz, Leslie Joseph

2013-01-01

Low-income students earn bachelor's degrees at significantly lower rates than their high-income peers. This qualitative study interviewed 21 Fall 2008 full-time first-year Pell Grant recipients in May 2012 when almost all were near the point of baccalaureate degree completion at a large urban doctoral-granting institution with very high research…

Identifying Academic & Social Risk Factors of Baccalaureate Nursing Students Using the College Persistence Questionnaire

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Betts, Kelly J.; Shirley, Janet A.; Kennedy, Robert

2017-01-01

Background: Student success in a baccalaureate nursing program is of utmost importance at a southern College of Nursing (CON).CON faculty wanted to understand better what academic/ social risk factors attributed to attrition in the first year of the nursing program. The purpose of this study was to determine academic and social risk factors…

Purification, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of Enterococcus faecium aminoglycoside-2′′-phosphotransferase-Ib [APH(2′′)-Ib

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Walanj, Rupa; Young, Paul; Baker, Heather M.

2005-04-01

APH(2′′)-Ib is an enzyme responsible for high-level gentamicin resistance in E. faecium isolates. Native crystals of this enzyme have been prepared and preliminary X-ray diffraction experiments have been undertaken. Bacterial resistance to the aminoglycoside antibiotics is primarily the result of deactivation of the drugs. Three families of enzymes are responsible for this activity, with one such family being the aminoglycoside phosphotransferases (APHs). The gene encoding one of these enzymes, APH(2′′)-Ib, has been cloned and the protein (comprising 299 amino-acid residues) expressed in Escherichia coli, purified and crystallized in the presence of 16%(w/v) PEG 3350 and gentamicin. The crystals belong tomore » the monoclinic space group P2{sub 1}, with approximate unit-cell parameters a = 79.7, b = 58.8, c = 81.4 Å, β = 98.4°, and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis is consistent with the presence of two molecules in the asymmetric unit. Synchrotron diffraction data to approximately 2.65 Å resolution were collected from a native APH(2′′)-Ib crystal at beamline BL9-2 at SSRL (Stanford, CA, USA). Selenium-substituted crystals have also been produced and structure determination is proceeding.« less

Conflicting Agendas: Critical Thinking versus Science Education in the International Baccalaureate "Theory of Knowledge" Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zemplen, Gabor A.

2007-01-01

The article investigates the "Theory of Knowledge" course of the "International Baccalaureate Organization." After a short overview of the aims and objectives of the course, the assessment criteria and a popular textbook are investigated. Shortcomings concerning the treatment of the natural sciences are highlighted and the problem is generalised…

Serum Tryptophan Metabolite Levels During Sleep in Patients With and Without Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS).

PubMed

Heitkemper, Margaret M; Han, Claire Jungyoun; Jarrett, Monica E; Gu, Haiwei; Djukovic, Danijel; Shulman, Robert J; Raftery, Daniel; Henderson, Wendy A; Cain, Kevin C

2016-03-01

Poor sleep and stress are more frequently reported by women with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) than by healthy control (HC) women. The pathophysiology linking poor sleep and stress to gastrointestinal symptoms remains poorly understood. We used a metabolomic approach to determine whether tryptophan (TRP) metabolites differ between women with and without IBS and whether the levels are associated with sleep indices and serum cortisol levels. This study sample included 38 women with IBS and 21 HCs. The women were studied in a sleep laboratory for three consecutive nights. On the third night of the study, a social stressor was introduced, then blood samples were drawn every 20 min and sleep indices were measured. Metabolites were determined by targeted liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry in a sample collected 1 hr after the onset of sleep. The ratios of each metabolite to TRP were used for analyses. Correlations were controlled for age and oral contraceptive use. Melatonin/TRP levels were lower (p = .005) in the IBS-diarrhea group versus the IBS-constipation and HC groups, and kynurenine/TRP ratios tended to be lower (p = .067) in the total IBS and IBS-diarrhea groups compared to HCs. Associations within the HC group included melatonin/TRP with polysomnography-sleep efficiency (r = .61, p = .006) and weaker positive correlations with the other ratios for either sleep efficiency or percentage time in rapid eye movement sleep (r > .40, p = .025-.091). This study suggests that reductions in early nighttime melatonin/TRP levels may be related to altered sleep quality in IBS, particularly those with diarrhea. © The Author(s) 2015.

Supply Chain Management on IBS Implementation in Klang Valley Construction Industry: Challenges and Issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Azrizal Fauzi, Mohd; Hasim, Sulaiman; Awang, Anizah; Ridzuan, Ahmad Ruslan Mohd; Nur Yunus, Juzailah

2017-12-01

Industrialized Building System (IBS) is a system where the components of the building are manufactured in a factory and it will be transported to the site to form the structures. The supply chain management (SCM) is a system where the delivery flows of the IBS products from manufacturers to the site. The aim of this research is to identify the major challenges and to analyze the issues on IBS implementation in SCM in Klang Valley from the manufacturers perspective. The methodology used in this paper is based on primary data through questionnaire and interview. Questionnaires were sent to the Manufacturers. It can be concluded that this paper attempts to present more on the challenges and issues that those companies of manufacturers faced during their success journey in finding integration in their supply chain. The main contributions of this paper are integrating all the supply chain integration challenges and issues on IBS. Therefore, these contributions will be helpful for the organization of manufacturers and IBS players that establish the integration in their SCM.

Improved platelet survival after cold storage by prevention of glycoprotein Ibα clustering in lipid rafts

PubMed Central

Gitz, Eelo; Koekman, Cornelis A; van den Heuvel, Dave J.; Deckmyn, Hans; Akkerman, Jan W.; Gerritsen, Hans C.; Urbanus, Rolf T.

2012-01-01

Background Storing platelets for transfusion at room temperature increases the risk of microbial infection and decreases platelet functionality, leading to out-date discard rates of up to 20%. Cold storage may be a better alternative, but this treatment leads to rapid platelet clearance after transfusion, initiated by changes in glycoprotein Ibα, the receptor for von Willebrand factor. Design and Methods: We examined the change in glycoprotein Ibα distribution using Förster resonance energy transfer by time-gated fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy. Results Cold storage induced deglycosylation of glycoprotein Ibα ectodomain, exposing N-acetyl-Dglucosamine residues, which sequestered with GM1 gangliosides in lipid rafts. Raft-associated glycoprotein Ibα formed clusters upon binding of 14-3-3ζ adaptor proteins to its cytoplasmic tail, a process accompanied by mitochondrial injury and phosphatidyl serine exposure. Cold storage left glycoprotein Ibα surface expression unchanged and although glycoprotein V decreased, the fall did not affect glycoprotein Ibα clustering. Prevention of glycoprotein Ibα clustering by blockade of deglycosylation and 14-3-3ζ translocation increased the survival of cold-stored platelets to above the levels of platelets stored at room temperature without compromising hemostatic functions. Conclusions We conclude that glycoprotein Ibα translocates to lipid rafts upon cold-induced deglycosylation and forms clusters by associating with 14-3-3ζ. Interference with these steps provides a means to enable cold storage of platelet concentrates in the near future. PMID:22733027

Streptococcus sanguinis Class Ib Ribonucleotide Reductase

PubMed Central

Makhlynets, Olga; Boal, Amie K.; Rhodes, DeLacy V.; Kitten, Todd; Rosenzweig, Amy C.; Stubbe, JoAnne

2014-01-01

Streptococcus sanguinis is a causative agent of infective endocarditis. Deletion of SsaB, a manganese transporter, drastically reduces S. sanguinis virulence. Many pathogenic organisms require class Ib ribonucleotide reductase (RNR) to catalyze the conversion of nucleotides to deoxynucleotides under aerobic conditions, and recent studies demonstrate that this enzyme uses a dimanganese-tyrosyl radical (MnIII2-Y•) cofactor in vivo. The proteins required for S. sanguinis ribonucleotide reduction (NrdE and NrdF, α and β subunits of RNR; NrdH and TrxR, a glutaredoxin-like thioredoxin and a thioredoxin reductase; and NrdI, a flavodoxin essential for assembly of the RNR metallo-cofactor) have been identified and characterized. Apo-NrdF with FeII and O2 can self-assemble a diferric-tyrosyl radical (FeIII2-Y•) cofactor (1.2 Y•/β2) and with the help of NrdI can assemble a MnIII2-Y• cofactor (0.9 Y•/β2). The activity of RNR with its endogenous reductants, NrdH and TrxR, is 5,000 and 1,500 units/mg for the Mn- and Fe-NrdFs (Fe-loaded NrdF), respectively. X-ray structures of S. sanguinis NrdIox and MnII2-NrdF are reported and provide a possible rationale for the weak affinity (2.9 μm) between them. These streptococcal proteins form a structurally distinct subclass relative to other Ib proteins with unique features likely important in cluster assembly, including a long and negatively charged loop near the NrdI flavin and a bulky residue (Thr) at a constriction in the oxidant channel to the NrdI interface. These studies set the stage for identifying the active form of S. sanguinis class Ib RNR in an animal model for infective endocarditis and establishing whether the manganese requirement for pathogenesis is associated with RNR. PMID:24381172

A prospective study of the psychobehavioral factors responsible for a change from non-patient irritable bowel syndrome to IBS patient status

PubMed Central

Fujii, Yasushi; Nomura, Shinobu

2008-01-01

Background To investigate non-patient irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) change to IBS and to determine factors predictive of the onset of IBS, individual biological factors, psychological factors, behavioral factors, and environmental factors were examined. Methods The subjects were 105 non-patient IBS (male = 59, female = 46, average age:21.49 ± 2.37), including 68 of the diarrhea-predominant type and 37 of the constipation-predominant type selected from 1,409 university and technical college students by use of a questionnaire based on the Rome II diagnostic criteria. The subjects were followed for three years, and various characteristics and IBS symptoms were serially observed (12 times). The IBS incidence rate was calculated. Results During the three years, 37 non-patient IBS (35.24%) changed to IBS: 28 diarrhea-predominant type and 9 constipation-predominant type. All IBS symptoms disappeared in 26 non-patient IBS subjects (24.76%). According to quantification method II (discriminant analysis), seven factors (stressor, two kinds of stress coping styles, cognitive appraisal, eating habits, sleeping time, and psychologically abuse) were adopted as a predictive model for IBS incidence and were confirmed as predictive of IBS. Conclusion The results of this research show that non-patient IBS is a changeable state that can change into IBS or persons without symptoms. Most of the non-patient IBS subjects who became asymptomatic had had symptoms for six months or less. Furthermore, the longer a non-patient IBS subject had symptoms, the higher the risk of a change to IBS became. The findings suggest the usefulness of identifying and approaching non-patient IBS as early as possible to prevent the onset of IBS. It must be noted that the persons surveyed in the present study had only the diarrhea-predominant and constipation-predominant types. Therefore, the findings of the present study are limited only these two types. Further study including the mixed type is needed. PMID

Financing of Public Baccalaureate Institutions in Michigan: A Staff Report Analyzing Trends from 1965-1974.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agor, Weston H.

The focus of this study is primarily on the financing of public baccalaureate institutions in Michigan for the entire decade 1965-1974, drawing primarily on HEGIS (Higher Education General Information Survey) data submitted to the State Department of Education by the institutions themselves. The Education Agencies Program Section of the Department…

Growing a Professional Identity: A Grounded Theory of the Educational Experience of Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodolf, Dawn M.

2013-01-01

Nursing students experience high levels of stress while enrolled in baccalaureate nursing programs. Research has focused on the contributors of stress such as the responsibilities of patient care, the overwhelming amount of information, high stakes methods of evaluation, and rigorous course schedules. Little research has been found on the personal…

Prognostic factors of pathologic stage IB non-small cell lung cancer.

PubMed

Yano, Motoki; Sasaki, Hidefumi; Moriyama, Satoru; Kawano, Osamu; Hikosaka, Yu; Fujii, Yoshitaka

2011-01-01

In pathologic IB (pIB) non-small cell lung cancer, especially in adenocarcinoma, adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur is widely recognized as being effective. The aim of this study was to determine the prognostic factors of pIB disease. Sixty patients who were diagnosed with pIB disease between 2004 and 2007 were retrospectively analyzed. Of 60 patients, 22 (36.7%) opted for surgery plus adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur, whereas 38 (63.3%) opted for surgery only. The oral administration dose of uracil-tegafur was 400 mg/body. Compliance of adjuvant chemotherapy with uracil-tegafur was 65.5% in 12 months, 57.3% in 24 months. Adjuvant chemotherapy was interrupted in 11 patients because of the recurrence of disease in 3 patients and adverse reaction in 8 patients. Anorexia was the most common adverse reaction. The larger tumor diameter (5 cm<) and p2 pleural invasion were the worse prognostic factors in disease free survival in a univariate analysis and a multivariate analysis (hazard ratio = 0.26 and 0.25; p = 0.028 and 0.032, respectively). The prognosis of the patients with pleural invasion and a tumor diameter >5 cm was poor, and these, partly support the forthcoming classification.

[Therapeutic outcomes in patients with cervical cancer FIGO stage IB1].

PubMed

Kornovski, Y; Ismail, E; Kaneva, M

2012-01-01

To establish overall and disease-free survival (OS and DFS) for patients with FIGO IB1 stage cervical cancer for median period of follow-up of 41 months. Between 11.2002-11.2011 110 women with histologically confirmed cervical cancer IB1 stage were operated on by the author. Surgery was radical hysterectomy class III (Piver) and pelvic lymphonodulectomy (ovariectomy was optionally). 76 patients were submitted to adjuvant RT (TGT- 52 - 54 Gy). The period of follow-up ranges from 2 to 104 monts, median 41 monts. The acturial OS and DFS in patients with cervical cancer IB1 stage were estimated as 90% and 90.9%, respectively. Eleven patients had died for the period of follow-up and in 10 occurred local or distant recurrences. The time to develop recurrences was estimated as 16.81 months. Four patients developed local recurrences and six--distant metastases. Surgical and combined therapy of cervical cancer patients IB1 stage leads to high rate OS and DFS--90% and 90.9%, respectively. The incidence rate of distant metastases (5.5%)--in six patients in this stage makes pelvic lymph node dissection crucial and the presence of LM in gluteal and presacral lymph nodes requires paraaortic lymph node dissection.

Stimulation of ANP secretion by 2-Cl-IB-MECA through A(3) receptor and CaMKII.

PubMed

Yuan, Kuichang; Bai, Guang Yi; Park, Woo Hyun; Kim, Sung Zoo; Kim, Suhn Hee

2008-12-01

Adenosine is a potent mediator of myocardial protection against hypertrophy via A(1) or A(3) receptors that may be partly related to atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) release. However, little is known about the possible involvement of the A(3) receptor on ANP release. We studied the effects of the A(3) receptor on atrial functions and its modification in hypertrophied atria. A selective A(3) receptor agonist, 2-chloro-N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (2-CI-IB-MECA), was perfused into isolated, beating rat atria with and without receptor modifiers. 2-CI-IB-MECA dose-dependently increased the ANP secretion, which was blocked by the A(3) receptor antagonist, but the increased atrial contractility and decreased cAMP levels induced by 30muM 2-CI-IB-MECA were not affected. The 100muM 2-(1-hexylnyl)-N-methyladenosine (HEMADO) and N(6)-(3-iodobenzyl) adenosine-5'-N-methyluronamide (IB-MECA), A(3) receptor agonist, also stimulated the ANP secretion without positive inotropy. The potency for the stimulation of ANP secretion was 2-CI-IB-MECA>IB-MECA=HEMADO. The inhibition of the ryanodine receptor or calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) attenuated 2-CI-IB-MECA-induced ANP release, positive inotropy, and translocation of extracellular fluid. However, the inhibition of L-type Ca(2+) channels, sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-reuptake, phospholipase C or inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate receptors did not affect these parameters. 2-CI-IB-MECA decreased cAMP level, which was blocked only with an inhibitor of CaMKII or adenylyl cyclase. These results suggest that 2-CI-IB-MECA increases the ANP secretion mainly via A(3) receptor activation and positive inotropy by intracellular Ca(2+) regulation via the ryanodine receptor and CaMKII.

Perceptions of simulation-assisted teaching among baccalaureate nursing students in Chinese context: Benefits, process and barriers.

PubMed

Zhang, Jun

To explore the subjective learning experiences of baccalaureate nursing students participating in simulation sessions in a Chinese nursing school. This was a qualitative descriptive study. We used semi-structured interviews to explore students' perception about simulation-assisted learning. Each interview was audio-taped and transcribed verbatim. Thematic analysis was used to identify the major themes or categories from the transcript and the field notes. Only 10 students were needed to achieve theoretical saturation, due to high group homogeneity. Three main themes which were found from the study included 1. Students' positive views of the new educational experience of simulation; 2. Factors currently making simulation less attractive to students; and 3. The teacher's role in insuring a positive learning experience. Simulation-assisted teaching has been a positive experience for majority nursing students. Further efforts are needed in developing quality simulation-based course curriculum as well as planning and structuring its teaching process. The pedagogy approach requires close collaboration between faculty and students. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Lifestyle and psychological factors related to irritable bowel syndrome in nursing and medical school students.

PubMed

Okami, Yukiko; Kato, Takako; Nin, Gyozen; Harada, Kiyomi; Aoi, Wataru; Wada, Sayori; Higashi, Akane; Okuyama, Yusuke; Takakuwa, Susumu; Ichikawa, Hiroshi; Kanazawa, Motoyori; Fukudo, Shin

2011-12-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional gastrointestinal disorder comprising abdominal pain, abdominal discomfort, and disordered defecation. The prevalence of IBS is 10-15% in the general population. This study investigated the prevalence of IBS and the relationship between IBS and stress, lifestyle, and dietary habits among nursing and medical school students. A blank self-administrated questionnaire was used to survey 2,639 students studying nursing or medicine. This questionnaire asked about IBS symptoms, lifestyle, dietary intake, life events, anxiety, and depression. The questionnaires were collected from 2,365 students (89.6%) and the responses of 1,768 students (74.8%) were analyzed. The prevalence of IBS was 35.5% as a whole, 25.2% in males and 41.5% in females. Significantly higher stress scores (anxiety and depression) and life events were found in the IBS group than in the non-IBS group. Sleep disorders and the time spent sitting were also higher in males with IBS. In the IBS group, females ate less fish, fruit, milk, and green-yellow vegetables, and more processed food products than the non-IBS group (p = 0.001, p = 0.002, p = 0.032, p = 0.037, p < 0.001). The rates of missed meals and irregular mealtimes were significantly higher in females in the IBS group (p = 0.001, p = 0.013). The prevalence of IBS was higher among nursing and medical students, and further interventional studies are needed to improve IBS symptoms.

A purified transcription factor (TIF-IB) binds to essential sequences of the mouse rDNA promoter.

PubMed Central

Clos, J; Buttgereit, D; Grummt, I

1986-01-01

A transcription factor that is specific for mouse rDNA has been partially purified from Ehrlich ascites cells. This factor [designated transcription initiation factor (TIF)-IB] is required for accurate in vitro synthesis of mouse rRNA in addition to RNA polymerase I and another regulatory factor, TIF-IA. TIF-IB activity is present in extracts both from growing and nongrowing cells in comparable amounts. Prebinding competition experiments with wild-type and mutant templates suggest that TIF-IB interacts with the core control element of the rDNA promoter, which is located immediately upstream of the initiation site. The specific binding of TIF-IB to the RNA polymerase I promoter is demonstrated by exonuclease III protection experiments. The 3' border of the sequences protected by TIF-IB is shown to be on the coding strand at position -21 and on the noncoding strand at position -7. The results suggest that direct binding of TIF-IB to sequences in the core promoter element is the mechanism by which this factor imparts promoter selectivity to RNA polymerase I. Images PMID:3456157

SYMPOSIUM REPORT: An Evidence-Based Approach to IBS and CIC: Applying New Advances to Daily Practice

PubMed Central

Chey, William D.

2017-01-01

Many nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic therapies are available to manage irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and chronic idiopathic constipation (CIC). The American College of Gastroenterology (ACG) regularly publishes reviews on IBS and CIC therapies. The most recent of these reviews was published by the ACG Task Force on the Management of Functional Bowel Disorders in 2014. The key objective of this review was to evaluate the efficacy of therapies for IBS or CIC compared with placebo or no treatment in randomized controlled trials. Evidence-based approaches to managing diarrhea-predominant IBS include dietary measures, such as a diet low in gluten and fermentable oligo-, di-, and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAPs); loperamide; antispasmodics; peppermint oil; probiotics; tricyclic antidepressants; alosetron; eluxadoline, and rifaximin. Evidence-based approaches to managing constipation-predominant IBS and CIC include fiber, stimulant laxatives, polyethylene glycol, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, lubiprostone, and guanylate cyclase agonists. With the growing evidence base for IBS and CIC therapies, it has become increasingly important for clinicians to assess the quality of evidence and understand how to apply it to the care of individual patients. PMID:28729815

Lactulose Breath Test Gas Production in Childhood IBS Is Associated With Intestinal Transit and Bowel Movement Frequency.

PubMed

Chumpitazi, Bruno P; Weidler, Erica M; Shulman, Robert J

2017-04-01

In adults with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), bacterial gas production (colonic fermentation) is related to both symptom generation and intestinal transit. Whether gas production affects symptom generation, psychosocial distress, or intestinal transit in childhood IBS is unknown. Children (ages 7-17 years) with pediatric Rome III IBS completed validated psychosocial questionnaires and a 2-week daily diary capturing pain and stooling characteristics. Stool form determined IBS subtype. Subjects then completed a 3-hour lactulose breath test for measurement of total breath hydrogen and methane production. Carmine red was used to determine whole intestinal transit time. A total of 87 children (mean age 13 ± 2.6 [standard deviation] years) were enrolled, of whom 50 (57.5%) were girls. All children produced hydrogen and 51 (58.6%) produced methane. Hydrogen and methane production did not correlate with either abdominal pain frequency/severity or psychosocial distress. Hydrogen and methane production did not differ significantly by IBS subtype. Methane production correlated positively with whole intestinal transit time (r = 0.31, P < 0.005) and inversely with bowel movement frequency (r = -0.245, P < 0.05). Methane production (threshold 3 ppm) as a marker for identifying IBS-C had a sensitivity of 60% and specificity of 42.9%. Lactulose breath test total methane production may serve as a biomarker of whole intestinal transit time and bowel movement frequency in children with IBS. In children with IBS, lactulose breath test hydrogen and methane production did not, however, correlate with abdominal pain, IBS subtype, or psychosocial distress.

39. VIEW OF CHRYSLER WORKERS LOADING A SATURN IB BOOSTER ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

39. VIEW OF CHRYSLER WORKERS LOADING A SATURN IB BOOSTER INTO THE EAST POSITION ON THE STATIC TEST TOWER. AS THE MAIN CONTRACTOR OF THE SATURN IB BOOSTER, CHRYSLER TOOK OVER OPERATIONS OF THE EAST POSITION OF THE STATIC TEST TOWER IN 1963. THAT SAME YEAR, THE WEST POSITION OF THE TEST TOWER WAS MODIFIED (AS SEEN IN THE PHOTO) FOR RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT TESTS OF THE SATURN V BOOSTER'S ENGINE, THE F-1. MARCH 1963, MSFC PHOTO LAB. - Marshall Space Flight Center, Saturn Propulsion & Structural Test Facility, East Test Area, Huntsville, Madison County, AL

African-American Academic Nurse Leader's Role in Persistence of African-American Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Kesha Marie

2017-01-01

African-American baccalaureate nursing students have a limited persistence to graduation. This constructivist grounded theory study was designed to generate a substantive theory, emerged from these data, that explained and provided insight the African-American academic nurse leader's role in the persistence to graduation of African-American…

Factors Contributing to the Upward Transfer of Baccalaureate Aspirants Beginning at Community Colleges. WISCAPE Working Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wang, Xueli

2010-01-01

Incorporating the psychological perspective, this study examines factors associated with the upward transfer of baccalaureate aspirants beginning at community colleges. Based on data from the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 and the Postsecondary Education Transcript Study, the study tests a logistic regression model to predict…

The Sophie Davis School of Biomedical Education: The First 20 Years of a Unique BS-MD Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roman, Stanford A., Jr.; McGanney, Mary Lou

1994-01-01

A study assessed the extent to which the City University of New York medical school's innovative integrated baccalaureate/preclinical degree program has met its objectives of expanding access to medical careers among inner-city youth, especially minorities, and encouraging pursuit of primary care specialties among graduates. Results suggest…

FODMAPs alter symptoms and the metabolome of patients with IBS: a randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

McIntosh, Keith; Reed, David E; Schneider, Theresa; Dang, Frances; Keshteli, Ammar H; De Palma, Giada; Madsen, Karen; Bercik, Premysl; Vanner, Stephen

2017-07-01

To gain mechanistic insights, we compared effects of low fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides and monosaccharides and polyols (FODMAP) and high FODMAP diets on symptoms, the metabolome and the microbiome of patients with IBS. We performed a controlled, single blind study of patients with IBS (Rome III criteria) randomised to a low (n=20) or high (n=20) FODMAP diet for 3 weeks. Symptoms were assessed using the IBS symptom severity scoring (IBS-SSS). The metabolome was evaluated using the lactulose breath test (LBT) and metabolic profiling in urine using mass spectrometry. Stool microbiota composition was analysed by 16S rRNA gene profiling. Thirty-seven patients (19 low FODMAP; 18 high FODMAP) completed the 3-week diet. The IBS-SSS was reduced in the low FODMAP diet group (p<0.001) but not the high FODMAP group. LBTs showed a minor decrease in H 2 production in the low FODMAP compared with the high FODMAP group. Metabolic profiling of urine showed groups of patients with IBS differed significantly after the diet (p<0.01), with three metabolites (histamine, p-hydroxybenzoic acid, azelaic acid) being primarily responsible for discrimination between the two groups. Histamine, a measure of immune activation, was reduced eightfold in the low FODMAP group (p<0.05). Low FODMAP diet increased Actinobacteria richness and diversity, and high FODMAP diet decreased the relative abundance of bacteria involved in gas consumption. IBS symptoms are linked to FODMAP content and associated with alterations in the metabolome. In subsets of patients, FODMAPs modulate histamine levels and the microbiota, both of which could alter symptoms. NCT01829932. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.

The ties that bind: perceived social support, stress, and IBS in severely affected patients.

PubMed

Lackner, J M; Brasel, A M; Quigley, B M; Keefer, L; Krasner, S S; Powell, C; Katz, L A; Sitrin, M D

2010-08-01

This study assessed the association between social support and the severity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms in a sample of severely affected IBS patients recruited to an NIH-funded clinical trial. In addition, we examined if the effects of social support on IBS pain are mediated through the effects on stress. Subjects were 105 Rome II diagnosed IBS patients (F = 85%) who completed seven questionnaires which were collected as part of a pretreatment baseline assessment. Partial correlations were conducted to clarify the relationships between social support and clinically relevant variables with baseline levels of psychopathology, holding constant number of comorbid medical diseases, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and education. Analyses indicated that social support was inversely related to IBS symptom severity. Social support was positively related with less severe pain. A similar pattern of data was found for perceived stress but not quality of life impairment. Regression analyses examined if the effects of social support on pain are mediated by stress. The effects of social support on bodily pain were mediated by stress such that the greater the social support the less stress and the less pain. This effect did not hold for symptom severity, quality of life, or psychological distress. This study links the perceived adequacy of social support to the global severity of symptoms of IBS and its cardinal symptom (pain). It also suggests that the mechanism by which social support alleviates pain is through a reduction in stress levels.

Critical ICT-Inhibiting Factors on IBS Production Management Processes in the Malaysia Construction Industry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ern, Peniel Ang Soon; Kasim, Narimah; Hamid, Zuhairi Abd; Chen, Goh Kai

2017-10-01

Industrialized Building System (IBS) is one of the approaches that had been introduced as an alternative to conventional building method where it becomes the new strategy of enhancing the sustainable construction in current industries while spearheading a huge advancement of benefits with green constructions into the existing industries. The IBS approach is actively promoted through several strategies and incentives as an alternative to conventional building methods. Extensive uptakes of modern Information Communication Technology (ICT) applications are able to support the different IBS processes for effective production. However, it is argued that ICT uptake at the organisational level is still in its infancy. This raises the importance to identify critical inhibitors which are inhibing the effective uptake of ICT in the IBS production management process. Critical inhibitors to ICT uptake were identified through questionnaire survey with the IBS industry stakeholders. The mean index and critical t-values are generated with the use of the quantitative tool, Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The top ten priority ranked inhibitors reflect the Cost, People and Process elements to ICT uptake. High costs in acquiring the technologies and resistance to change were some main concerns from the findings.

Curriculum considerations for enhancing baccalaureate learning for international students.

PubMed

Pardue, Karen T; Haas, Barbara

2003-01-01

International students studying nursing in the United States present unique teaching opportunities and challenges. Student language, culture, and academic expectations are major factors for faculty to consider in delivering international education. An RN to BSN program provides baccalaureate completion study for registered nurses residing in Israel. Students can choose to complete the final semester in the United States. Israeli nursing students demonstrate a strong collectivistic orientation to their academic work. Issues related to English language fluency and academic paper preparation were identified. Success in international teaching endeavors is facilitated when faculty carefully evaluate course materials and assignments. Clarity of language, cultural expectations, and availability of academic resources are important considerations for promoting student success.

Improving Access to the Baccalaureate: Articulation Agreements and the National Science Foundation's Advanced Technological Education Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zinser, Richard W.; Hanssen, Carl E.

2006-01-01

This article presents an analysis of national data from the Advanced Technological Education (ATE) program regarding articulation agreements for the transfer of 2-year technical degrees to baccalaureate degrees. Quantitative and qualitative data are illustrated to help explain the extent to which ATE projects improve access to universities for…

Antibodies to CBir1 are Associated with Glycogen Storage Disease Type Ib

PubMed Central

Davis, Michael K.; Valentine, John F.; Weinstein, David A.; Polyak, Steven

2009-01-01

Objectives Glycogen storage disease (GSD) type Ib is a congenital disorder of glycogen metabolism that is associated with neutropenia, neutrophil and monocyte dysfunction, and an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that mimics a Crohn's disease phenotype. The enteric microflora is implicated in the pathogenesis of IBD; however, its role in the development of GSD-associated IBD is unknown. Antibody reactivity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae antibodies (ASCA), Escherichia coli outer membrane porin C (anti-OmpC) and bacterial flagellin (anti-CBir1) have been associated with Crohn's disease in the general population, but they have an undetermined association in children and adults with GSD-Ib. Our goal was to examine the association of ASCA, anti-OmpC and anti-CBir1 with the clinical features of GSD-Ib enterocolitis. Methods A retrospective review identified 19 GSD-Ib patients with or without a known diagnosis of enterocolitis. Radiographic, endoscopic and serologic data were collected and assays for ASCA, anti-OmpC, and anti-CBir1 obtained. Results Seven patients had combined radiographic, endoscopic, and histological evidence of intestinal inflammation; the majority had ileocolonic involvement. Seventeen of 19 (89%) patients had elevated anti-CBir1 levels (6/7 in the IBD group and 11/12 in the no clinical evidence of IBD group). Thirteen of 19 (68%) had elevated anti-OmpC levels (5/7 in the IBD group and 8/12 in the no clinical evidence of IBD group). Eleven of 19 (58%) patients had elevated ASCA IgA levels (4/7 in the IBD group and 7/12 in the no clinical evidence of IBD group). Conclusion Nearly all of the GSD type Ib patients had elevated anti-CBir1 levels. The antibody did not differentiate those with and without a diagnosis of GSD-Ib-associated IBD. Seroreactivity to flagellin may represent immune dysfunction rather than active enterocolitis in this patient population. Long-term follow-up of the group without known IBD is required to determine if these antibodies can

Integrated schools, segregated curriculum: effects of within-school segregation on adolescent health behaviors and educational aspirations.

PubMed

Walsemann, Katrina M; Bell, Bethany A

2010-09-01

We examined the extent to which within-school segregation, as measured by unevenness in the distribution of Black and White adolescents across levels of the English curriculum (advanced placement-international baccalaureate-honors, general, remedial, or no English), was associated with smoking, drinking, and educational aspirations, which previous studies found are related to school racial/ethnic composition. We analyzed data from wave 1 of the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, restricting our sample to non-Hispanic Blacks (n=2731) and Whites (n=4158) who from 1994 to 1995 attended high schools that enrolled Black and White students. White female students had higher predicted probabilities of smoking or drinking than did Black female students; the largest differences were in schools with high levels of within-school segregation. Black male students had higher predicted probabilities of high educational aspirations than did White male students in schools with low levels of within-school segregation; this association was attenuated for Black males attending schools with moderate or high levels of within-school segregation. Our results provide evidence that within-school segregation may influence both students' aspirations and their behaviors.

Development of students' critical thinking: the educators' ability to use questioning skills in the baccalaureate programmes in nursing in Pakistan.

PubMed

Saeed, Tanveer; Khan, Shehla; Ahmed, Azra; Gul, Raisa; Cassum, Shanaz; Parpio, Yasmin

2012-03-01

To enhance the Critical Thinking skills of educators associated with the nursing baccalaureate programmes in Pakistan. By focusing on the type and level of questions asked by the educators. Ninety-one faculty members from 14 out of 17 schools participated in the study. Data on the faculty's questioning skills was obtained through classroom observations and field notes. The duration of the observations was 45-60 minutes. Using Bloom's Taxonomy for cognitive thinking, questions were categorised into high and low categories. Most of the questions (68.9 %) asked by the participants were of lower levels, while some (5.37 %) were ambiguous. In many instances, the participants did not allow a sufficient wait-time for students to think and respond. The findings suggest that educators must learn to use the questioning strategy effectively. They should ask higher level questions if they wish to inculcate Critical Thinking in students.

How the Change in IBS Criteria From Rome III to Rome IV Impacts on Clinical Characteristics and Key Pathophysiological Factors.

PubMed

Aziz, Imran; Törnblom, Hans; Palsson, Olafur S; Whitehead, William E; Simrén, Magnus

2018-06-08

The diagnostic criteria for irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) have recently been updated from Rome III to Rome IV. Whereas in Rome III a diagnosis of IBS entailed chronic abdominal pain or discomfort at least 3 days per month, in Rome IV the term discomfort has been removed and the frequency of abdominal pain increased to at least 1 day per week. We examined how this change in IBS criteria impacts on clinical characteristics and pathophysiological factors. A total of 542 Swedish subjects with Rome III IBS completed a baseline questionnaire enquiring for the number of abdominal pain days in the last 10 days; this was subsequently used as a surrogate marker to identify Rome IV IBS, in that (a) those with 0 or 1 day of pain were classed as Rome IV-negative, and (b) those with ≥2 days of pain were classed as Rome IV-positive. Comparisons were made between Rome IV-positive and -negative IBS groups for demographics, IBS subtype, gastrointestinal and psychological symptoms, somatisation, fatigue, disease-specific quality of life, rectal sensitivity, and oro-anal transit time. Overall, 85% of Rome III IBS patients fulfilled the Rome IV criteria for IBS, but 15% did not. Rome IV-positive subjects were significantly more likely to be female, have poorer quality of life, greater pain severity, bloating, somatisation, fatigue, and rectal sensitivity than Rome IV-negative subjects. There were no differences in severity of anxiety or depression, IBS subtypes, bowel habit dissatisfaction, or oro-anal transit time. Finally, increasing number of pain days correlated positively with symptoms and visceral hypersensitivity. Most Rome III-positive IBS patients seeking healthcare fulfil the Rome IV IBS criteria. They constitute a more severe group than those who lose their IBS diagnosis.

Protein Structure and Function: An Interdisciplinary Multimedia-Based Guided-Inquiry Education Module for the High School Science Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bethel, Casey M.; Lieberman, Raquel L.

2014-01-01

Here we present a multidisciplinary educational unit intended for general, advanced placement, or international baccalaureate-level high school science, focused on the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their connection to function and disease. The lessons are designed within the framework of the Next Generation Science Standards to make…

Bound and Determined: Perceptions of Pre-Med Seniors Regarding Their Persistence in Preparing for Medical School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Richardson, Tobin; Mulvihill, Thalia; Latz, Amanda O.

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine factors related to the persistence of university seniors pursuing a baccalaureate degree and preparing for medical school admission. This topic is important as a vast majority of students who begin their undergraduate studies identifying as "pre-med" change this objective early in their academic…

The impact of structural empowerment and psychological capital on competence among Chinese baccalaureate nursing students: A questionnaire survey.

PubMed

Liao, Rui-xue; Liu, Yan-hui

2016-01-01

Competence in nursing has been increasingly addressed. However, studies from the international literature have demonstrated that graduate nurses are not ready and they are not competent to provide safe and effective nursing care. Therefore, it is important to assess nursing students' competence and to explore the relevant factors for improving nursing students' competence and the quality of nursing care. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the influence of structural empowerment (an environmental resource) and psychological capital (an intrapersonal resource) on baccalaureate nursing students' competence. The study was designed as a cross-sectional survey. A total of 300 senior baccalaureate nursing students in China practicing in five major tertiary teaching hospitals were invited to participate in the current survey. A total of 286 students completed the survey and were evaluated statistically. Thus, the response rate was 95.3%. The results of the study indicate that nursing students have medium-high levels of competence, and medium-high levels of structural empowerment and psychological capital. Students with perceived higher levels of structure empowerment and psychological capital were more likely to achieve higher levels of competence. Structural empowerment and psychological capital were significantly and positively correlated with students' competence. The findings implicate that nursing managers and educators should not only promote interventions to enhance competence of baccalaureate nursing students but also focus on creating a supportive clinical learning environment and strengthen their positive intrapersonal resource. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Evolution of WebCT in a Baccalaureate Nursing Program: An Alice in Wonderland Reflection

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Donato, Emily; Hudyma, Shirlene; Carter, Lorraine; Schroeder, Catherine

2010-01-01

The use of WebCT in the Laurentian University Bachelor of Science in Nursing program began in 2001 when faculty were eager to explore different modes of delivery for fourth-year courses. Since then, the use of WebCT within the baccalaureate program has increased substantively. This paper outlines the developmental growth of the use of this…

The ties that bind: perceived social support, stress, and IBS in severely affected patients

PubMed Central

LACKNER, J. M.; BRASEL, A. M.; QUIGLEY, B M.; KEEFER, L.; KRASNER, S. S.; POWELL, C.; KATZ, L. A.; SITRIN, M. D.

2016-01-01

Background This study assessed the association between social support and the severity of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) symptoms in a sample of severely affected IBS patients recruited to an NIH-funded clinical trial. In addition, we examined if the effects of social support on IBS pain are mediated through the effects on stress. Methods Subjects were 105 Rome II diagnosed IBS patients (F = 85%) who completed seven questionnaires which were collected as part of a pretreatment baseline assessment. Key Results Partial correlations were conducted to clarify the relationships between social support and clinically relevant variables with baseline levels of psychopathology, holding constant number of comorbid medical diseases, age, gender, marital status, ethnicity, and education. Analyses indicated that social support was inversely related to IBS symptom severity. Social support was positively related with less severe pain. A similar pattern of data was found for perceived stress but not quality of life impairment. Regression analyses examined if the effects of social support on pain are mediated by stress. The effects of social support on bodily pain were mediated by stress such that the greater the social support the less stress and the less pain. This effect did not hold for symptom severity, quality of life, or psychological distress. Conclusions & Inferences This study links the perceived adequacy of social support to the global severity of symptoms of IBS and its cardinal symptom (pain). It also suggests that the mechanism by which social support alleviates pain is through a reduction in stress levels. PMID:20465594

Do Community Colleges provide a Viable Pathway to a Baccalaureate Degree? NBER Working Paper No. 14367

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Long, Bridget Terry; Kurlaender, Michal

2008-01-01

Community colleges have become an important entryway for students intending to complete a baccalaureate degree. However, many question the viability of the transfer function and wonder whether students suffer a penalty for starting at a two-year institution. This paper examines how the outcomes of community college entrants compare to similar…

Community College Transfer and the Pathway to a Baccalaureate Degree: The Lived Experiences of Transfer Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Stephannie Rae

2018-01-01

Many students who start at the community college with the intention of transferring and earning a baccalaureate degree fail to accomplish this goal. This study, using IPA methodology, explored the experiences of seven community college transfer students currently enrolled at a public 4-year institution to identify how community college transfer…

Characterization of Tn6238 with a New Allele of aac(6′)-Ib-cr

PubMed Central

Quiroga, María P.; Orman, Betina; Errecalde, Laura; Kaufman, Sara

2015-01-01

Here, we report that the genetic structure of Tn1331 remained conserved in Argentina from 1989 to 2013 (72 of 73 isolates), with the exception being the plasmid-borne Tn1331-like transposon Tn6238 containing a new aac(6′)-Ib-cr allele recovered from a colistin-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae clinical isolate. A bioinformatic analysis of aac(6′)-Ib-like gene cassettes suggests that this new aac(6′)-Ib-cr allele emerged through mutation or homologous recombination in the Tn1331 genetic platform. Tn6238 is a novel platform for the dissemination of aminoglycoside and fluoroquinolone resistance determinants. PMID:25691640

Gastrointestinal permeability (GIPerm) is increased in family members of children with functional abdominal pain (FAP) and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Increased GIPerm has been described in children with FAP/IBS and adults with IBS. We sought to determine if baseline GIPerm is increased and if ibuprofen induces a greater increase in GIPerm in parents and siblings of children with FAP/IBS vs. control families without children with FAP/IBS. Site spe...

The Multiple Modes of Ideological Becoming: An Analysis of Kindergarteners' Appropriation of School Language and Literacy Discourses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lee, Soo Won; Hassett, Dawnene D.

2017-01-01

This study explores Mikhail Bakhtin's notion of ideological becoming (IB) in a bilingual (Korean and English) kindergarten classroom. For Bakhtin, IB is the process of appropriating authoritative discourse as one's own dialogic interactions. In our study, we view the literacy and language discourses of schooling as one type of authoritative…

Possible Involvement of Avoidant Attachment Style in the Relations Between Adult IBS and Reported Separation Anxiety in Childhood.

PubMed

Ben-Israel, Yuval; Shadach, Eran; Levy, Sigal; Sperber, Ami; Aizenberg, Dov; Niv, Yaron; Dickman, Ram

2016-12-01

Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in adults as well as separation anxiety disorder (SAD) and recurrent abdominal pain (RAP) in childhood are associated with anxiety and somatization. Our aim was to examine possible associations between IBS in adulthood and SAD in childhood. Patients with IBS and healthy subjects completed a demographic questionnaire, the Separation Anxiety Symptom Inventory (SASI), the Somatization Subscale of Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL-90-R), the Attachment Style Questionnaire, and a retrospective self-report questionnaire regarding RAP. Compared with controls, patients with IBS were characterized by an avoidant attachment style and scored higher on the SCL-90-R scale regarding the tendency to somatization (25.35 ± 7.47 versus16.50 ± 4.40, p < 0.001). More patients with IBS (25% versus 7.5%) reported RAP in childhood, but contrary to prediction, also had significantly lower SASI scores. Adults with IBS were characterized by somatization, insecure attachment style and recalled higher rates of RAP and surprisingly less symptoms of SAD in childhood. Based on these results, an etiological model for IBS is suggested, in which an avoidant attachment style and a tendency to somatization play an important role in the development of IBS. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Self-Regulated Learning: Examining the Baccalaureate Millennial Nursing Student's Approach.

PubMed

Robb, Meigan K

2016-01-01

Pre-licensure baccalaureate nursing programs are facing the demand to retain and graduate students with the skills needed for the complex health care environment. Nursing faculty are challenged to identify the best pedagogical methods for educating the current generation of students. The influence of student-centered approaches is documented in the literature. However, the effective use of these methods requires a collaborative partnership. The cognitive, self-regulated approaches used by millennial nursing students is not well understood. This article describes the findings of a study that examined the relationship between self-regulated approaches to learning, self-efficacy, independent study behaviors, and grade point average.

Identification of a small molecule inhibitor of the aminoglycoside 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib] using mixture-based combinatorial libraries.

PubMed

Tran, Tung; Chiem, Kevin; Jani, Saumya; Arivett, Brock A; Lin, David L; Lad, Rupali; Jimenez, Verónica; Farone, Mary B; Debevec, Ginamarie; Santos, Radleigh; Giulianotti, Marc; Pinilla, Clemencia; Tolmasky, Marcelo E

2018-05-01

The aminoglycoside, 6'-N-acetyltransferase type Ib [AAC(6')-Ib] is the most widely distributed enzyme among AAC(6')-I-producing Gram-negative pathogens and confers resistance to clinically relevant aminoglycosides, including amikacin. This enzyme is therefore an ideal target for enzymatic inhibitors that could overcome resistance to aminoglycosides. The search for inhibitors was carried out using mixture-based combinatorial libraries, the scaffold ranking approach, and the positional scanning strategy. A library with high inhibitory activity had pyrrolidine pentamine scaffold and was selected for further analysis. This library contained 738,192 compounds with functionalities derived from 26 different amino acids (R1, R2 and R3) and 42 different carboxylic acids (R4) in four R-group functionalities. The most active compounds all contained S-phenyl (R1 and R3) and S-hydromethyl (R2) functionalities at three locations and differed at the R4 position. The compound containing 3-phenylbutyl at R4 (compound 206) was a robust enzymatic inhibitor in vitro, in combination with amikacin it potentiated the inhibition of growth of three resistant bacteria in culture, and it improved survival when used as treatment of Galleria mellonella infected with aac(6')-Ib-harboring Klebsiella pneumoniae and Acinetobacter baumannii strains. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. and International Society of Chemotherapy. All rights reserved.

The Role of High School Research Experiences in Shaping Students' Research Self-Efficacy and Preparation for Undergraduate Research Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Swan, Amy K.; Inkelas, Karen Kurotsuchi; Jones, Jill N.; Pretlow, Joshua; Keller, Tierney F.

2018-01-01

The effects of undergraduate research participation are well documented, but less is known about students' pathways into undergraduate research participation. This mixed-methods study explored the role of an International Baccalaureate research project in students' development of research self-efficacy in high school, and how this development…

[Effect of Tongxie Yaofang on endogenous metabolites in serum of IBS model rats].

PubMed

Li, Kai; Kuang, Hai-Xue; Yin, Yue; Zhang, Jie-Yu; Wang, Zhi; Zhang, Qiu-Yue; Wang, Jian-Wei

2017-03-01

To evaluate the effect of Tongxie Yaofang on cardiac endogenous metabolism in irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) rats by using metabolomics method, find its potential biomarkers, analyze the metabolic pathways, and explore the pharmacological effects, mechanisms of action and syndrome essence of syndrome model. Forty Wistar rats were used to establish IBS models, and then randomly divided into four groups： model control group and Tongxie Yaofang treatment groups (high, medium, low dose). Another 10 rats were used as normal group. The rats in Tongxie Yaofang-treated(low, medium and high dose) groups were orally administrated with Tongxie Yaofang extracts once a day for 2 weeks, respondingly with the doses of 0.203,0.406,0.812 g•mL⁻¹. The rats in normal group and model control group were given with equal volume of saline once a day for 2 weeks. On the 0 and 15th days, serum was collected and each sample extract was analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF-MS. Eight potential biomarkers were identified and 8 major metabolic pathways were found to be related with IBS diseases neurotransmitter metabolism, inflammatory immunity, brain function and energy metabolism, etc. Tongxie Yaofang had certain pharmacological effects on IBS, and its mechanism may be related to serotonergic synapse, tryptophan metabolism, cysteine and methionine metabolism, glycerophospholipid metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism and so on, which might be the biological basis of IBS liver-spleen deficiency syndrome. Copyright© by the Chinese Pharmaceutical Association.

Language Ideologies in a U.S. State-Funded International School: The Invisible Linguistic Repertoires of Bilingual Refugee Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solano-Campos, Ana

2017-01-01

In this study, I investigated language ideologies in a state-funded International Baccalaureate Primary Years Programme school in the United States. I conducted ethnographic observations, focus groups, and interviews in a fourth grade classroom in one of the largest refugee resettlement areas in the country. Findings indicate that although the…

Travel Tips Help IBS Sufferers Enjoy Their Vacations

MedlinePlus

... can feel more in control when traveling." IFFGD's travel tips include: Allow enough time in the morning to get to the airport ... Heartache 2004-0929 Norton Honored 2004-0525 IBS Travel Tips ... Real World 2001-1119 Heartburn or Heart Attack Commentary ...

The Impact of Attaining the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma on Academic Performance in Bioscience Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yhnell, Emma; Wood, Heather; Baker, Mathew; Amici-Dargan, Sheila; Taylor, Chris; Randerson, Peter; Shore, Andrew

2016-01-01

Since the introduction of the Welsh Baccalaureate Advanced Diploma Qualification (WBQ) in 2003, an increasing number of students are applying to higher education institutions (HEIs) with this qualification. The advanced-level WBQ is regarded as equivalent to one General Certificate of Education A-Level (GCE A-Level). This study assesses the impact…

Comparison of medical costs generated by IBS patients in primary and secondary care in the Netherlands.

PubMed

Flik, Carla E; Laan, Wijnand; Smout, André J P M; Weusten, Bas L A M; de Wit, Niek J

2015-11-26

Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) is a functional somatic syndrome characterized by patterns of persistent bodily complaints for which a thorough diagnostic workup does not reveal adequate explanatory structural pathology. Detailed insight into disease-specific health-care costs is critical because it co-determines the societal impact of the disease, enables the assessment of cost-effectiveness of existing and new treatments, and facilitates choices in treatment policy. In the present study the aim was, to compare the costs and magnitude of healthcare consumption for patients diagnosed with Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) in primary and secondary care, compare these costs with the average health care expenditure for patients without IBS and describe these costs in further detail. Reimbursement data for patients diagnosed with IBS by a general practitioner (GP) or specialist between 2006 and 2009 were extracted from a healthcare insurance company and compared to an age and gender matched control group of patients without IBS. Using a case-control design, direct medical costs for GP consultations, specialist care and medication prescriptions were calculated. Data of 326 primary care and 9274 secondary care IBS patients were included in the analysis. For primary care patients, the mean total annual health care costs for the three years after diagnosis compared to the three years before diagnosis, increased with 486 Euro after IBS was diagnosed, whereas for secondary care patients, these costs increased with 2328 Euro. Total health care costs remained higher in the three years after the initial diagnosis when the patient is treated in secondary care, compared to primary care. This increase was significant for hospital specialist costs and medications, but not for GP contacts. For controls, there was no significant difference in mean total annual health costs in the three years before and the three years after the diagnosis and also no significant difference in cost

Streptococcus agalactiae serotype Ib as an agent of meningitis in two adult nonpregnant women.

PubMed

Martins, E R; Florindo, C; Martins, F; Aldir, I; Borrego, M J; Brum, L; Ramirez, M; Melo-Cristino, J

2007-11-01

Two temporally and geographically clustered cases of meningitis caused by Streptococcus agalactiae expressing the infrequent Ib serotype are reported. Characterization by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multilocus sequence typing revealed that the isolates were identical and represented the widely distributed ST10/ST8 lineage associated with serotype Ib.

IBS Patients Show Frequent Fluctuations between Loose/Watery and Hard/Lumpy Stools: Implications for Treatment

PubMed Central

Palsson, Olafur S.; Baggish, Jeffrey S.; Turner, Marsha J.; Whitehead, William E.

2013-01-01

Aims To determine how variable stool consistency is in patients with irritable bowel (IBS) and assess the relationship between stool consistency and gastrointestinal symptoms. Methods Individuals with a physician diagnosis of IBS were recruited by advertisement. Enrollment questionnaires included the Rome III Diagnostic Questionnaire and IBS Symptom Severity Scale. Then 185 patients meeting Rome criteria for IBS rated the consistency (using the Bristol Stool Scale) of each bowel movement (BM) for 90 days and whether the BM was accompanied by pain, urgency, or soiling. Each night they transferred BM ratings from a paper diary to an internet form and also reported the average daily intensity of abdominal pain, bloating, bowel habit dissatisfaction, and life interference of bowel symptoms. Only the longest sequence of consecutive days of diary data was used in analysis (average of 73 days). Results Patients were 89% female with average age 36.6 years. 78% had both loose/watery and hard/lumpy stools; the average was 3 fluctuations between these extremes per month. The proportion of loose/watery stools correlated r=.78 between the first and second months and the proportion of hard/lumpy stools correlated r=.85 between months. Loose/watery stools were associated with more BM-related pain, urgency, and soiling than hard/lumpy or normal stools; however, IBS-C patients had significantly more BM-unrelated abdominal pain, bloating, dissatisfaction with bowel habits, and life interference than IBS-D. Questionnaires overestimated the frequency of abnormal stool consistency and gastrointestinal symptoms compared to diaries. Conclusions Stool consistency varies greatly within individuals. However, stool patterns are stable within an individual from month to month. The paradoxical findings of greater symptom severity after individual loose/watery BMs vs. greater overall symptom severity in IBS-C implies different physiological mechanisms for symptoms in constipation compared to

An analysis of high-performing science students' preparation for collegiate science courses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Walter, Karen

This mixed-method study surveyed first year high-performing science students who participated in high-level courses such as International Baccalaureate (IB), Advanced Placement (AP), and honors science courses in high school to determine their perception of preparation for academic success at the collegiate level. The study used 52 students from an honors college campus and surveyed the students and their professors. The students reported that they felt better prepared for academic success at the collegiate level by taking these courses in high school (p<.001). There was a significant negative correlation between perception of preparation and student GPA with honors science courses (n=55 and Pearson's r=-0.336), while AP courses (n=47 and Pearson's r=0.0016) and IB courses (n=17 and Pearson's r=-0.2716) demonstrated no correlation between perception of preparation and GPA. Students reported various themes that helped or hindered their perception of academic success once at the collegiate level. Those themes that reportedly helped students were preparedness, different types of learning, and teacher qualities. Students reported in a post-hoc experience that more lab time, rigorous coursework, better teachers, and better study techniques helped prepare them for academic success at the collegiate level. Students further reported on qualities of teachers and teaching that helped foster their academic abilities at the collegiate level, including teacher knowledge, caring, teaching style, and expectations. Some reasons for taking high-level science courses in high school include boosting GPA, college credit, challenge, and getting into better colleges.

Does Education Have Any Influence on Symptom Score of IBS Patients: A Randomized Controlled Study.

PubMed

Sarkar, S K; Tarafder, A J; Chowdhury, M; Alam, M S; Mohsin, M

2016-04-01

Despite much research, the pathophysiology of IBS remains poorly understood. So it is very difficult to treat. There is no standard treatment for IBS. Because IBS symptoms can be elicited or exacerbated by diet and stress, this suggests that patient education regarding his or her illness might be beneficial to patients in managing their symptoms. This study was done to see the short term effects of outpatient education in relation to change of symptom score in IBS patients. This is a prospective randomized comparative study. In this study a total of 80 patients were included. Forty patients were given only pharmacological management with Mebevarine hydrochloride 135mg thrice daily half an hour before meal and Amitryptline 10mg at night for six months and another forty were given education in addition to the same pharmacological treatment. In both the study group [medical management only versus medical management with education] changes of symptoms and quality of life of patients of IBS were assessed by using previously used, specially designed symptoms scoring system and a validated IBS-QOL instrument. There was no significant difference in severity of symptoms between only drug treatment group (118.973) and education plus drug treatment group (119.57) before treatment. The difference of improvement between the education group and without education group was not statistically significant (P>0.05), though the subsidence of pain in both the group before and after treatment was statistically significant (P<0.01).

Preinduced intestinal HSP70 improves visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in PI-IBS mouse model.

PubMed

Lan, Cheng; Sun, Xiao-Ning; Zhou, Xu-Chun; Yang, Bo; Huang, Bai-Li; Deng, Tao-Zhi; He, Zhou-Tao; Han, Xiang-Yang

2016-03-01

To investigate the impact of the preinduced intestinal heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on the visceral hypersensitivity and abnormal intestinal motility in a post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) mouse model. Eighty-four female C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to four groups: control group (n = 21) and induction + PI-IBS group (n = 21), PI-IBS group (n = 21) and induction group (n = 21). The mice in PI-IBS group were infected in vivo with Trichinella spiralis by oral administration. The visceral hypersensitivity and intestinal motility were evaluated respectively with abdominal withdrawal reflex and colon transportation test. The intestinal HSP70 protein and mRNA level was measured by Western blot and real-time PCR. Meanwhile, the intestinal proinflammatory cytokines IL-10 and TNF-α level was detected by ELISA. Compared with their counterparts in PI-IBS group, the animals in the Induction + PI-IBS group show significantly increased intestinal level of HSP70 and obviously ameliorative clinical figures, including abdominal withdrawal reflex score, intestine transportation time and Bristol scores (P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the intestinal post-inflammatory cytokines remarkably changed, including increased IL-10 level and decreased TNF-α level (P < 0.05). Intestinal HSP70 may play a potential protective role through improving the imbalance between the intestinal post-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines in PI-IBS. Copyright © 2016 Hainan Medical College. Production and hosting by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fear of GI symptoms has an important impact on quality of life in patients with moderate-to-severe IBS.

PubMed

Lackner, Jeffrey M; Gudleski, Gregory D; Ma, Chang-Xing; Dewanwala, Akriti; Naliboff, Bruce

2014-11-01

Because irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) is a functional medical condition for which there is no curative therapy, treatment goals emphasize relieving gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms and optimizing the quality of life (QOL). This study sought to characterize the magnitude of the associations between QOL impairment, fear of IBS symptoms, and confounding variables. Subjects included 234 Rome III-diagnosed IBS patients (mean age, 41 years, 79%, female) without comorbid organic GI disease who were referred to two specialty care clinics of an National Institutes of Health trial for IBS. Subjects completed a testing battery that included the IBS-specific QOL (IBS-QOL), SF-12 (generic QOL), the UCLA GI Symptom Severity Scale, the Visceral Sensitivity Index, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Brief Symptom Inventory. Multiple linear regression was used to develop a model for predicting QOL. Data supported an overall model that included sociodemographic, clinical (e.g., current severity of GI symptoms), and psychosocial (e.g., fear of GI symptoms, distress, neuroticism) variables, accounting for 48.7% of the variance in IBS-QOL (F=15.1, P <0.01). GI symptom fear was the most robust predictor of IBS-QOL (β=-0.45 P <0.01), accounting for 14.4% of the total variance. Patients' fear that GI symptoms have aversive consequences, is a predictor of QOL impairment that cannot be fully explained by the severity of their GI symptoms, overall emotional well-being, neurotic personality style, or other clinical features of IBS. An understanding of the unique impact that GI symptom fears have on QOL can inform treatment planning and help gastroenterologists to better manage more severe IBS patients seen in tertiary care clinics.

Pharmacokinetic properties of IB1001, an investigational recombinant factor IX, in patients with haemophilia B: repeat pharmacokinetic evaluation and sialylation analysis.

PubMed

Martinowitz, U; Shapiro, A; Quon, D V; Escobar, M; Kempton, C; Collins, P W; Chowdary, P; Makris, M; Mannucci, P M; Morfini, M; Valentino, L A; Gomperts, E; Lee, M

2012-11-01

IB1001 trenacog alfa is an investigational recombinant factor IX (FIX) for the treatment and prevention of bleeding in individuals with haemophilia B. To compare the pharmacokinetics (PK) of IB1001 with nonacog alfa in individuals with haemophilia B and to assess the relationship between sialylation and PK of IB1001 (NCT00768287). A randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority, cross-over study conducted in participants aged ≥ 12 years weighing ≥ 40 kg, with severe or moderately severe haemophilia B (FIX activity ≤ 2 IU dL (-1) ). PK parameters were derived using observed FIX concentration levels and actual PK sampling times, and repeated in a subset of participants who had received IB1001 prophylaxis for 4-18 months. A retrospective analysis was conducted in subgroups according to the sialylation levels of IB1001 (50.8, 57.8-59.0%, or 71.7%). In the 32 adolescent and adult males evaluated, there were no clinically meaningful differences in PK parameters between those receiving IB1001 75 IU kg(-1) or nonacog alfa. The lower limit of the one-sided 95% confidence interval for the ratio of AUC(0-t) and AUC(0-∞) (IB1001/nonacog alfa) was 0.90, establishing non-inferiority. Terminal phase half-lives were similar (29.7 ± 18.2 h for IB1001 and 33.4 ± 21.2 h for nonacog alfa). The PK results were stable for up to 18 months of IB1001 exposure; the impact of sialylation levels was not clinically meaningful. There were no clinically meaningful PK differences between IB1001 and nonacog alfa. IB1001 was well tolerated and without safety concerns. The non-inferiority of IB1001 to nonacog alfa supports IB1001 becoming a useful alternative recombinant agent for the management of haemophilia B. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Blastocystis specific serum immunoglobulin in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) versus healthy controls.

PubMed

Nagel, Robyn; Traub, Rebecca J; Kwan, Marcella M S; Bielefeldt-Ohmann, Helle

2015-09-15

Blastocystis species are common enteric human parasites and carriage has been linked to Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS), particularly diarrhoea-predominant IBS. The spectrum of immune reactivity to Blastocystis proteins has been reported previously in symptomatic patients. We investigated differences in serum immunoglobulin profiles between patients with IBS, both positive and negative for Blastocystis carriage, and healthy controls (HC). Forty diarrhoea-predominant IBS patients (26 patients positive for Blastocystis sp., 14 negative patients) and forty HC (24 positive, 16 Blastocystis-negative) were enrolled. Age, gender, ethnicity and serum immunoglobulin A (IgA) levels were recorded and faecal specimens were analysed using smear, culture and polymerase chain reaction amplification of ribosomal DNA. Sera were tested in Western blots and the reactivities compared to known targets using monoclonal antibodies Blastofluor® (Blastocystis specific antibody), MAb1D5 (cytopathicto Blastocystis cells), anti-promatrix metalloprotease-9 (anti-MMP-9) and SDS-PAGE zymograms. Levels of serum IgA were significantly lower in Blastocystis carriers (p < 0.001) but had no relationship to symptoms. Western blots demonstrated serum IgG antibodies specific for Blastocystis proteins of 17,27,37,50,60-65, 75-90, 95-105 and 150 kDa MW. Reactivity to the 27, 50 and 75-95 kDa proteins were found more frequently in the IBS group compared to the HC's (p < 0.001) and correlation was greater for Blastocystis-positive IBS patients (p < 0.001) than for negative IBS patients (p < 0.05). MAb1D5 reacted with proteins of 27 and 100 kDa, and anti-MMP-9 with 27, 50 and 75-100 kDa proteins. Bands were seen in zymograms around 100 kDa. Low serum IgA levels are associated with Blastocystis carriage. All IBS patients were more likely to demonstrate reactivity with Blastocystis proteins of 27 kDa (likely a cysteine protease), 50 and 75-95 kDa MW compared to HC. The presence of

Long-term clincopathological characteristics of alpacas naturally infected with bovine viral diarrhea virus type Ib

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: Substantial bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV)-related production losses in North American alpaca herds have been associated with BVDV type Ib infection. Objectives: To classify and differentiate the long-term clinicopathological characteristics of BVDV type Ib infection of alpaca crias,...

The Effects of a Hardiness Educational Intervention on Hardiness and Perceived Stress of Baccalaureate Nursing Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jameson, Paula R.

2012-01-01

Despite the known benefits of hardiness education, no published research has been found on the effects of hardiness education with nursing students. Thus, the purposes of this study were first to determine if an increase in hardiness and a decrease in perceived stress in baccalaureate nursing students occurred in those who participated in a…

Responders vs clinical response: a critical analysis of data from linaclotide phase 3 clinical trials in IBS-C.

PubMed

Lacy, B E; Lembo, A J; Macdougall, J E; Shiff, S J; Kurtz, C B; Currie, M G; Johnston, J M

2014-03-01

US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) set a rigorous standard for defining patient responders in irritable bowel syndrome-C (IBS-C; i.e., FDA's Responder Endpoint) for regulatory approval. However, this endpoint's utility for health-care practitioners to assess clinical response has not been determined. We analyzed pooled IBS-C linaclotide trial data to evaluate clinically significant responses in linaclotide-treated patients who did not meet the FDA responder definition. Percentages of FDA non-responders reporting improvement in abdominal pain, bowel function and/or global relief measures were determined using pooled data from two linaclotide Phase 3 IBS-C trials. 1602 IBS-C patients enrolled; 34% of linaclotide-treated and 17% of placebo-treated patients met the FDA Responder Endpoint (p < 0.0001). Among FDA non-responders at week 12, 63% of linaclotide-treated patients reported their abdominal pain was at least somewhat relieved, compared with 48% of placebo-treated patients. For stool frequency, 62% of linaclotide-treated patients reported that they were at least somewhat improved at week 12, compared with 46% of placebo-treated patients. For global IBS symptoms, 65% of linaclotide-treated patients reported at least some IBS-symptom relief, 43% reported adequate relief of IBS symptoms, and 57% reported being satisfied with linaclotide treatment, vs placebo rates of 48%, 34%, and 41% respectively. Most linaclotide-treated IBS-C patients who were FDA non-responders reported some improvement in abdominal pain and stool frequency, and global relief/satisfaction. In addition to the FDA Responder Endpoint, differing response thresholds and symptom-specific change from baseline should be considered by clinicians for a complete understanding of clinical response to linaclotide and other IBS-C therapies. © 2013 Ironwood Pharmaceuticals. Neurogastroenterology & Motility published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The impact of physical complaints, social environment, and psychological functioning on IBS patients' health perceptions: looking beyond GI symptom severity.

PubMed

Lackner, Jeffrey M; Gudleski, Gregory D; Thakur, Elyse R; Stewart, Travis J; Iacobucci, Gary J; Spiegel, Brennan Mr

2014-02-01

In the absence of a reliable biomarker, clinical decisions for a functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorder like irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) depend on asking patients to appraise and communicate their health status. Self-ratings of health (SRH) have proven a powerful and consistent predictor of health outcomes, but little is known about how they relate to those relevant to IBS (e.g., quality of life (QOL), IBS symptom severity). This study examined what psychosocial factors, if any, predict SRH among a cohort of more severe IBS patients. Subjects included 234 Rome III-positive IBS patients (mean age=41 years, female=78%) without comorbid organic GI disease. Subjects were administered a test battery that included the IBS Symptom Severity Scale, Screening for Somatoform Symptoms, IBS Medical Comorbidity Inventory, SF-12 Vitality Scale, Perceived Stress Scale, Beck Depression Inventory, Trait Anxiety Inventory, and Negative Interactions Scale. Partial correlations identified somatization, depression, fatigue, stress, anxiety, and medical comorbidities as variables with the strongest correlations with SRH (r values=0.36-0.41, P values <0.05). IBS symptom severity was weakly associated with SRH (r=0.18, P<0.05). The final regression model explained 41.3% of the variance in SRH scores (F=8.49, P<0.001) with significant predictors including fatigue, medical comorbidities, somatization, and negative social interactions. SRH are associated with psychological (anxiety, stress, depression), social (negative interactions), and extraintestinal somatic factors (fatigue, somatization, medical comorbidities). The severity of IBS symptoms appears to have a relatively modest role in how IBS patients describe their health in general.

Needs assessment as a marketing strategy: an experience for baccalaureate nursing students.

PubMed

Colangelo, R; Goldrick, B

1991-04-01

A marketing needs assessment was undertaken as a community health project for baccalaureate nursing students. The objective of the project were: (1) to conduct a needs assessment utilizing the concepts of marketing in health planning, and (2) to identify health needs of a community based on active participation by members of the community. Through a collaborative effort with a community health agency, students were able to integrate the principles of marketing and participative decision-making into a learning experience. The results of the needs assessment provided the agency with valuable information for strategic planning.

Factors, Practices, and Policies Influencing Students' Upward Transfer to Baccalaureate-Degree Programs and Institutions: A Mixed Methods Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

LaSota, Robin Rae

2013-01-01

My dissertation utilizes an explanatory, sequential mixed-methods research design to assess factors influencing community college students' transfer probability to baccalaureate-granting institutions and to present promising practices in colleges and states directed at improving upward transfer, particularly for low-income and first-generation…

Localization and characterization of an alpha-thrombin-binding site on platelet glycoprotein Ib alpha.

PubMed

De Marco, L; Mazzucato, M; Masotti, A; Ruggeri, Z M

1994-03-04

Glycoprotein (GP) Ib alpha is required for expression of the highest affinity alpha-thrombin-binding site on platelets, possibly contributing to platelet activation through a pathway involving cleavage of a specific receptor. This function may be important for the initiation of hemostasis and may also play a role in the development of pathological vascular occlusion. We have now identified a discrete sequence in the extracytoplasmic domain of GP Ib alpha, including residues 271-284 of the mature protein, which appears to be part of the high affinity alpha-thrombin-binding site. Synthetic peptidyl mimetics of this sequence inhibit alpha-thrombin binding to GP Ib as well as platelet activation and aggregation induced by subnanomolar concentrations of the agonist; they also inhibit alpha-thrombin binding to purified glycocalicin, the isolated extracytoplasmic portion of GP Ib alpha. The inhibitory peptides interfere with the clotting of fibrinogen by alpha-thrombin but not with the amidolytic activity of the enzyme on a small synthetic substrate, a finding compatible with the concept that the identified GP Ib alpha sequence interacts with the anion-binding exosite of alpha-thrombin but not with its active proteolytic site. The crucial structural elements of this sequence necessary for thrombin binding appear to be a cluster of negatively charged residues as well as three tyrosine residues that, in the native protein, may be sulfated. GP Ib alpha has no significant overall sequence homology with the thrombin inhibitor, hirudin, nor with the specific thrombin receptor on platelets; all three molecules, however, possess a distinct region rich in negatively charged residues that appear to be involved in thrombin binding. This may represent a case of convergent evolution of unrelated proteins for high affinity interaction with the same ligand.