Solitary fibrous tumour/haemangiopericytoma of the spinal cord.

PubMed

Flores-Justa, Ana; López-García, Elena; García-Allut, Alfredo; Reyes-Santías, Rosa María

2018-03-17

Solitary fibrous tumours/haemangiopericytomas (SFT/HPC) are fibroblastic mesenchymal neoplasms that harbour a genetic fusion of NAB2/STAT6. There are few reported cases in the central nervous system (CNS), of which spinal tumours are minority. We present a case of a 63-year-old woman with progressive paraparesis and a sensory level of T6. On the MRI we detected an intradural extramedullary lesion on T9-T10. We performed a laminectomy with an intraoperative ultrasound study in which we observed a heterogeneous lesion with an infiltrating pattern affecting the medulla at several points, and resection of the lesion. Immunohistological findings revealed positivity for vimentin, CD34 and STAT6; Ki-67 was 2%. A final diagnosis of SFT/HPC with SFT phenotype was made. SFT/HPC of the CNS is a rare neoplasm that should be taken into account in the differential diagnosis of these kinds of lesions, as clinical and MRI findings often lead to errors in diagnostic approach. The support of intraoperative ultrasound can assist in surgical decision-making. Copyright © 2018 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Uncommon presentation of a rare tumour - incidental finding in an asymptomatic patient: case report and comprehensive review of the literature on intrapericardial solitary fibrous tumours.

PubMed

Czimbalmos, Csilla; Csecs, Ibolya; Polos, Miklos; Bartha, Elektra; Szucs, Nikolette; Toth, Attila; Maurovich-Horvat, Pal; Becker, David; Sapi, Zoltan; Szabolcs, Zoltan; Merkely, Bela; Vago, Hajnalka

2017-09-02

A solitary fibrous tumour is a rare, mainly benign spindle cell mesenchymal tumour most commonly originating from the pleura. An intrapericardial location of a solitary fibrous tumour is extremely unusual. We present a case of an asymptomatic patient with a slow-growing massive benign cardiac solitary fibrous tumour. A 37-year-old asymptomatic female patient was referred to our hospital with an enlarged cardiac silhouette found on her screening chest X-ray. The echocardiographic examination revealed pericardial effusion and an inhomogeneous mobile mass located in the pericardial sac around the left ventricle. Cardiac magnetic resonance (MRI) examination showed an intrapericardial, semilunar-shaped mass attached to the pulmonary trunk with an intermediate signal intensity on proton density-weighted images and high signal intensity on T2-weighted spectral fat saturation inversion recovery images. First-pass perfusion and early and late gadolinium-enhanced images showed a vascularized mass with septated, patchy, inhomogeneous late enhancement. Coronary computed tomography angiography revealed no invasion of the coronaries. Based on the retrospectively analysed screening chest X-rays, the mass had started to form at least 7 years earlier. Complete resection of the tumour with partial resection of the pulmonary trunk was performed. Histological evaluation of the septated, cystic mass revealed tumour cells forming an irregular patternless pattern; immunohistochemically, the cells tested positive for vimentin, CD34, CD99 and STAT6 but negative for keratin (AE1-AE3), CD31 and S100. Thus, the diagnosis of an intrapericardial solitary fibrous tumour was established. There has been no recurrence for 3 years based on the regular MRI follow-up. Intrapericardial SFTs, showing slow growth dynamics, can present with massive extent even in completely asymptomatic patients. MRI is exceedingly useful for characterizing intrapericardial masses, allowing precise surgical planning, and

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of Central Nervous System: Clinical and Prognostic Study of 24 Cases.

PubMed

Jiang, Nian; Xie, Yuan-Yang; Chen, Wen; Peng, Ze-Feng; Yuan, Xian-Rui; Li, Xue-Jun; Feng, Cheng-Yuan; Wang-Gou, Si-Yi

2017-03-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors that occasionally occur in the central nervous system (CNS). It is difficult to fully understand their clinical characteristics, partly due to a limited number of reported cases. We reviewed 24 patients admitted to our institution between 2009 and 2016 with CNS solitary fibrous tumors. We reviewed and analyzed patient profiles, such as demographics, presentations, imaging studies, extent of resection, and adjuvant treatment. Differences between malignant and benign SFTs were assessed using the χ2 test or Student's t-test. Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to estimate the disease-free survival (DFS) rate. The multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed to evaluate the possible predictive value of the DFS rate of the previously mentioned covariates. A total of 13 men and 11 women were enrolled in the study (the average age was 43). The median follow-up time was 58 months. Twenty-one patients underwent gross total resection (GTR), and 3 patients received a subtotal resection (STR). The tumors in 15 patients (62.5%) were atypical or malignant. One patient (4.2%) suffered SFT-related death (multiple organ failure by tumor metastasis), and 3 patients (12.5%) experienced tumor recurrence. We found that a large tumor size (≥10 cm, P < 0.001) and STR (P < 0.001) were negatively associated with the DFS rate. CNS SFTs are rare, slow-growing, less aggressive, and recrudescent tumors. Complete resection is the most effective therapy. Large tumor size and STRs might shorten DFS time. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Characteristic endobronchial ultrasound image of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor.

PubMed

Chen, Fengshi; Yoshizawa, Akihiko; Okubo, Kenichi; Date, Hiroshi

2010-09-01

Hemangiopericytomatous pattern is characteristic of hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor (HPC/SFT) and certain histological features might indicate a malignant potential, but the behavior of HPC/SFT is unpredictable. Endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS) is a useful diagnostic device in that the ultrasonographic image can be viewed and the EBUS-transbronchial needle aspiration can obtain a biopsied sample. We herein report a patient undergoing multiple surgical resections of recurrent HPC/SFT. A 74-year-old man had undergone right upper lobectomy for HPC/SFT 15 years ago. He received a partial resection of the left lung and a resection of the anterior mediastinal mass for its recurrences 13 years and six years ago, respectively. He had also undergone surgery for gastric carcinoma two years ago. He then presented with a tumor measuring 3 x 4 cm in the subcarinal area. Preoperative EBUS revealed a tumor with abundant thin-walled vessel-like structures, which was consistent with HPC/SFT. The tumor was completely resected and was finally diagnosed as low-grade malignant HPC/SFT.

Rare Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Pediatric Neck: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Cox, Eric L; Schwartz, Erich J; Korkigian, Shant A

2017-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are a rare type of mesenchymal-derived tumor not commonly found in the pediatric population, especially in the head and neck. Tumors of this nature are most commonly seen in the adult population and are identified with unique immunohistochemical markers, specifically signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) and hematopoietic progenitor cell antigen (CD34). Including SFTs in the differential diagnosis while working up a mass can be difficult considering their relatively non-descript appearance on imaging and the low yield immunohistochemical staining that must be ordered to confirm diagnosis. The current literature identifies only a handful of cases of SFTs occurring in the pediatric population, with a majority arising from the pleura. We present the case of a 13-year-old male who underwent radical excision of a left occipital triangle neck mass after radiological and pathological workup failed to conclusively make a diagnosis. Postoperative pathologic analysis revealed it to be an SFT. Due to the exceptionally rare presentation of SFTs in pediatric patients, the aim of this case report is to discuss diagnostic measures, solitary fibrous tumor etiology, as well as a recent risk stratification system used for the evaluation of postoperative disease progression. Our hope is that clinicians will include SFTs in their differential diagnosis when working up a neck mass in the pediatric population. PMID:28484679

Solitary fibrous tumor of the prostate: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Moureau-Zabotto, Laurence; Chetaille, Bruno; Bladou, Franck; Dauvergne, Pierre-Yves; Marcy, Myriam; Perrot, Delphine; Guiramand, Jérôme; Sarran, Anthony; Bertucci, François

2012-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), usually described in the pleura, is exceedingly rare in the prostate. We report a 60-year-old man with prostatic SFT revealed by obstructive urinary symptoms, and detected by ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a prostatic origin. CT-guided tumor biopsy diagnosed a SFT. A cystoprostatectomy was performed. Pathologic examination showed a 15-cm tumor arising from the prostate and showing histological criteria suggestive of aggressiveness. The surgical resection margins were tumor-free. The patient was then regularly monitored and is still alive in complete remission, 28 months after surgery. In conclusion, we report a new exceptional case of prostatic SFT. We review the literature and discuss the challenging issues of misdiagnosis, prognosis and treatment.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Prostate: Case Report and Review of the Literature

PubMed Central

Moureau-Zabotto, Laurence; Chetaille, Bruno; Bladou, Franck; Dauvergne, Pierre-Yves; Marcy, Myriam; Perrot, Delphine; Guiramand, Jérôme; Sarran, Anthony; Bertucci, François

2012-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT), usually described in the pleura, is exceedingly rare in the prostate. We report a 60-year-old man with prostatic SFT revealed by obstructive urinary symptoms, and detected by ultrasonography. Computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging suggested a prostatic origin. CT-guided tumor biopsy diagnosed a SFT. A cystoprostatectomy was performed. Pathologic examination showed a 15-cm tumor arising from the prostate and showing histological criteria suggestive of aggressiveness. The surgical resection margins were tumor-free. The patient was then regularly monitored and is still alive in complete remission, 28 months after surgery. In conclusion, we report a new exceptional case of prostatic SFT. We review the literature and discuss the challenging issues of misdiagnosis, prognosis and treatment. PMID:22379473

A giant mesentery malignant solitary fibrous tumor recurring as dedifferentiated liposarcoma- a report of a very rare case and literature review.

PubMed

Liu, Yang; Ishibashi, Haruaki; Sako, Shozou; Takeshita, Kazuyoshi; Li, Yan; Elnemr, Ayman; Yonemura, Yutaka

2013-11-01

We report a case of a 59-year-old woman with a very rare giant mesentery malignant solitary fibrous tumor that recurred as dedifferentiated liposarcoma. The woman was admitted to the hospital because of low abdominal pain. Radiological and biopsy findings revealed a multi-lobulated giant malignant solitary fibrous tumor that had invaded the inferior vena cava, abdominal aorta, and superior mesentery vessels. The tumor was completely removed during the first cytoreductive surgery. Histopathologically, tumor had a heterogeneous cell population, composed of spindle cells with fibrous collagen proliferation. The spindle cells were not arranged in a specific pattern. Immunohistochemistry revealed that the tumor cells were positive for CD34, CD99, Bcl-2, and smooth muscle actin( SMA) and negative for CD117, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), CAM5.7, S100, desmin, and caldesmon. The tumor recurred 9 months after surgery, and another cytoreductive surgery was then performed. The postoperative histopathological appearance of the invaded area indicated a well-differentiated liposarcoma. Formation of tumorous bone was also noted in the same area, in addition to atypical mesenchymal cells and multi-vacuolated lipoblasts in the area of the well-differentiated liposarcoma. Proliferated spindle cells arranged in a storiform pattern were found in the area adjacent to the tumor. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that the tumors cells were positive for SMA, HHF-35, and caldesmon and negative for CD117, CD34, and S100. A diagnosis of dedifferentiated liposarcoma was made.

Malignant fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor (so-called "lipomatous hemangiopericytoma"): clinicopathologic analysis of 14 cases.

PubMed

Lee, Jen-Chieh; Fletcher, Christopher D M

2011-08-01

Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor is a rare variant of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Generally regarded as benign, very few fat-forming SFTs with malignant histologic features have been reported. Here, we report 14 histologically malignant fat-forming SFTs to better characterize this subset. Seven patients were female and 7 were male, with ages ranging 20 to 93 years (median, 57 y). Five tumors were located in the lower limb, 3 in the trunk, 3 in abdominopelvic locations, 2 in the head and neck region, and 1 in the upper limb. The tumor size ranged from 3.4 to 20 cm (median, 8.6 cm). Histologically, all exhibited at least focal hypercellularity; 12 tumors had mitoses >4/10 high-power fields (range, 2 to 37; median, 8), 12 showed at least moderate atypia, and 8 showed necrosis. It should be noted that 7 tumors contained only mature adipose tissue, whereas 5 contained multivacuolated lipoblasts and 2 had areas resembling atypical lipomatous tumor (ALT). Immunohistochemically, CD34 and CD99 were positive in most cases (11 of 14 and 8 of 10, respectively); MDM2 and CDK4 were both negative in all 4 cases tested (including both tumors with ALT-like areas). Follow-up data from 10 cases (median duration, 47.5 mo; range, 5 to 76) showed 2 patients with multiple metastases (both to lung and bones, and 1 each to breast and to soft tissue), both of whom died of disease. In conclusion, fat-forming SFTs exhibiting malignant histologic features have potential for aggressive behavior. The presence of lipoblasts and/or ALT-like areas, although described in some "benign" examples of fat-forming SFT, seems much more common in the malignant subset and may prompt a careful search for morphologic evidence of malignancy in any case of fat-forming SFT.

Primary intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumours

PubMed Central

Lin, Xia; Xiang, Yingming; Shi, Hongcan; Zhang, Fangbiao

2018-01-01

Due to the extreme rarity of primary intrapulmonary solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs), their clinical course, imaging characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis are poorly understood. The present study therefore assessed the diagnosis and management of primary intrapulmonary SFTs and systematically reviewed previously reported cases in the literature. A total of 5 patients who underwent resection for primary intrapulmonary SFTs were enrolled in the present study and their clinical course, tumour characteristics, management and survival were assessed in this retrospective study. Relevant studies regarding primary intrapulmonary SFTs were searched using PubMed and tumour characteristics, clinicopathologic features, therapeutic strategy and survival outcomes were reviewed. Of the 5 cases, all were males, with a mean age of 57.6 years (range, 37–68 years). All patients were asymptomatic and were identified incidentally on routine computed tomography examination. A total of 3 patients underwent thoracotomy and 2 patients underwent video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. All tumours were completely resected. Postoperative haemorrhage occurred in 1 patient and he received surgical intervention for haemostasis. The average hospital stay was 15 (4–22) days, and no mortality occurred. The mean length of the postoperative follow-up was 37.6 (1–67) months. One patient was lost to follow-up, and 4 patients were asymptomatic. A total of 19 studies were identified from database searches. They included a total of 45 patients: Twenty-three males and 22 females (mean age, 59.4 years; range, 7–81 years). A total of 12 patients were asymptomatic, and pain and coughing were the major symptoms. Five, one, two, four, and 17 tumours occurred in the right upper lobe, right middle lobe, right lower lobe, left upper lobe and left lower lobe, respectively. A total of 39 patients underwent surgery, 1 patient underwent radiotherapy, and 1 patient underwent radiofrequency ablation

Solitary Fibrous Tumor – Less Common Neoplasms of the Pleural Cavity

PubMed Central

Vejvodova, Sarka; Spidlen, Vladimir; Mukensnabl, Petr; Krakorova, Gabriela; Molacek, Jiri

2016-01-01

Purpose: solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) represent a heterogeneous group of primary pleural neoplasms with a low incidence rate and of which the biological origin, which consists of mesenchymal cells, is uncertain. Methods: The authors present herewith a retrospective analysis of 22 patients with SFTs who were diagnosed and surgically treated between the years 2000–2015. The preoperative tumors were successfully verified morphologically by transthoracic core needle biopsy under CT control in 27.3% of patients. Surgical approaches were either posterolateral thoracotomy or videothoracoscopy. The follow-up median was 45 months (range 1–188 months). Results: Twenty tumors were surgically removed radically, two tumors were found to be unresectable due to the considerable tumor size. From histological point of view 81.8% of tumors were SFT with low malignant potential, 18.2% of tumors with high malignant potential. Despite the radical extirpation of the SFT, it relapsed in two patients. Conclusion: The gold standard of SFT treatment is radical surgical removal; however, patients at risk of recurrence require additional follow-ups. The results of adjuvant therapy in recurrent and malignant forms of SFTs are the subject of discussion and further study. PMID:28049955

[Diagnostic value of STAT6 immunohistochemistry in solitary fibrous tumor/meningeal hemangiopericytoma].

PubMed

Zhang, Xialing; Cheng, Haixia; Bao, Yun; Tang, Feng; Wang, Yin

2016-02-01

To investigate the diagnostic role of STAT6 immunohistochemistry in solitary fibrous tumors (SFT)/meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPC). Evaluated the expression of STAT6, vimentin, CD34, EMA, PR, S-100, CD56, GFAP and Ki-67 in a cohort of 37 SFT/meningeal HPC, 30 meningiomas and 30 schwannomas by immunohistochemistry staining. All SFT/meningeal HPC demonstrated nuclear positivity for STAT6, and the proportion of positive tumor cells ranged from 60% to 95%, with no significant difference cases.Vimentin was strongly positive in all cases. CD34, EMA and PR positivity was found in 32 cases, 1 case and 4 cases, respectively.S-100 protein, CD56 and GFAP were negative; Ki-67 labeling index was 1%-8%. However, the meningiomas and schwannomas were negative for STAT6. STAT6 is a relatively specific biomarker for SFT/meningeal HPC, and may be used in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of SFT/meningeal HPC, especially for the atypical cases, and allows the precise pathologic diagnosis of SFT/meningeal HPC.

Radiologic-pathologic findings of solitary fibrous tumor of the prostate presenting as a large mass with delayed filling-in on MRI.

PubMed

Bhargava, Puneet; Lee, Jean Hwa; Gupta, Saurabh; Seyal, Adeel Rahim; Vakar-Lopez, Funda; Moshiri, Mariam; Dighe, Manjiri Kiran

2012-01-01

We report a case of a solitary fibrous tumor of prostate presenting with urinary retention and a large prostate mass. We describe the clinical presentation, magnetic resonance imaging findings, and histopathology of this rare, benign tumor. Although clinical and radiologic appearances embrace various differential diagnoses including sarcoma, this mass was confirmed by histologic analysis following surgical resection. We report this rare, benign tumor to help the radiologist suggest the diagnosis when presented with a similar case.

Embolic Brain Infarcts: A Rare Fatal Complication of Preoperative Embolization of a Massive Solitary Fibrous Tumor of the Pleura

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Patel, Shreyas R., E-mail: Shrey000@gmail.com; Vachhani, Prasann; Moeslein, Fred

Solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura (SFTP) is a rare intrathoracic neoplasm, often giant in size and highly vascular, which can make surgical resection very challenging. Preoperative percutaneous embolization before surgical removal can significantly reduce the risk of uncontrollable intraoperative hemorrhage. However, a rare potential life threatening complication could result from embolization of SFTP and must be taken into consideration. This report describes a 69-year-old female with a large right thoracic SFTP, who underwent preoperative angiography and embolization and developed diffuse embolic brain infarcts immediately after the administration of polyvinyl alcohol particles.

Trans-sacral resection of a solitary fibrous tumor in the pelvis: report of a case.

PubMed

Katsuno, Hidetoshi; Maeda, Koutarou; Hanai, Tsunekazu; Sato, Harunobu; Masumori, Koji; Koide, Yoshikazu; Matsuoka, Hiroshi; Noro, Tomohito; Takakuwa, Yasunari; Hanaoka, Ryouta

2011-11-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) develop most commonly in the pleura, although they have occasionally been reported to arise in the pelvic cavity. We report a case of an SFT presenting as a painless nodule in the pelvis of a 56-year-old woman. Histologically, the tumor was composed of spindle-shaped cells arranged without pattern, with short and narrow fascicles and interspersed bundles of thick collagen, and numerous blood vessels with a focally hemangiopericytoma-like appearance. Immunohistochemically, the tumor cells strongly expressed vimentin, CD34, and bcl-2. The tumor was excised via a trans-sacral approach, without preoperative transcatheter embolization, and the patient remains well more than 2 years after her operation. To our knowledge, this is the first case of an SFT in the pelvis, which was excised completely via a trans-sacral approach.

Intracranial solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas: first report of malignant progression.

PubMed

Apra, Caroline; Mokhtari, Karima; Cornu, Philippe; Peyre, Matthieu; Kalamarides, Michel

2018-06-01

OBJECTIVE Meningeal solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas (MSFTs/HPCs) are rare intracranial tumors resembling meningiomas. Their classification was redefined in 2016 by the World Health Organization (WHO) as benign Grade I fibrohyaline type, intermediate Grade II hypercellular type, and malignant highly mitotic Grade III. This grouping is based on common histological features and identification of a common NAB2-STAT6 fusion. METHODS The authors retrospectively identified 49 cases of MSFT/HPC. Clinical data were obtained from the medical records, and all cases were analyzed according to this new 2016 WHO grading classification in order to identify malignant transformations. RESULTS Recurrent surgery was performed in 18 (37%) of 49 patients. Malignant progression was identified in 5 (28%) of these 18 cases, with 3 Grade I and 2 Grade II tumors progressing to Grade III, 3-13 years after the initial surgery. Of 31 Grade III tumors treated in this case series, 16% (5/31) were proved to be malignant progressions from lower-grade tumors. CONCLUSIONS Low-grade MSFTs/HPCs can transform into higher grades as shown in this first report of such progression. This is a decisive argument in favor of a common identity for MSFT and meningeal HPC. High-grade MSFTs/HPCs tend to recur more often and be associated with reduced overall survival. Malignant progression could be one mechanism explaining some recurrences or metastases, and justifying long-term follow-up, even for patients with Grade I tumors.

Solitary fibrous tumor of the breast: A case report and the review of the literature.

PubMed

Salemis, Nikolaos S

2018-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) are rare mesenchymal neoplasms. They were first described as spindle-cell tumors originating from the pleura, but they may arise in any anatomical site. SFT of the breast is an exceedingly rare clinical entity. Our literature review yielded only 21 cases reported so far. We describe a case of a SFT of the breast in a premenopausal patient who presented with a gradually enlarging palpable breast mass. Diagnostic evaluation and management are discussed along with a review of the relevant literature. There are no pathognomonic imaging findings of SFT of the breast. Complete surgical resection with clear margins is the gold standard of treatment. Thorough immunohistochemical analysis is crucial to obtain a definitive diagnosis. Although most SFTs run an indolent course, in some cases the clinical behavior can be unpredictable and a long-term follow-up for all patients is therefore mandatory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Head and Neck: A Multi-Institutional Clinicopathologic Study.

PubMed

Smith, Steven C; Gooding, William E; Elkins, Matthew; Patel, Rajiv M; Harms, Paul W; McDaniel, Andrew S; Palanisamy, Nallasivam; Uram-Tuculescu, Cora; Balzer, Bonnie B; Lucas, David R; Seethala, Raja R; McHugh, Jonathan B

2017-12-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) of the head and neck are uncommon. Lesions previously diagnosed in the head and neck as hemangiopericytomas (HPCs), giant cell angiofibromas (GCAs), and orbital fibrous histiocytomas (OFHs) are now recognized as within the expanded spectrum of SFTs. To better understand the clinicopathologic profile of head and neck SFTs, we performed a multi-institutional study of 88 examples. There was no sex predilection (F:M ratio 1.2), and the median patient age was 52 years (range: 15 to above 89 y). The sinonasal tract and orbit were the most common sites involved (30% and 25%), followed by the oral cavity and salivary glands (15% and 14%). Original diagnoses included HPC (25%), SFT (67%), and OFH (6%), with 1 SFT and 1 OFH noted as showing GCA-like morphology. On review, the predominant histologic pattern was classic SFT-like in 53% and cellular (former HPC-like) in 47%; lipomatous differentiation (8%) and GCA-like pattern (7%) were less prevalent. Subsets demonstrated nuclear atypia (23%), epithelioid morphology (15%), or coagulative necrosis (6%). Infiltrative growth (49%) and osseous invasion (82%) were prevalent among evaluable cases. Of the 48 SFTs with follow-up (median: 43 mo), 19 showed recurrence (40%). Of these, 4 patients were alive with disease and 4 dead of disease. Size and mitotic rate were negative prognosticators using a joint prognostic proportional hazards regression model. Three patients experienced metastasis, to lungs, parotid, bone, and skull base, including one case showing overtly sarcomatous "dedifferentiation." As a group, SFTs present in a wide anatomic and morphologic spectrum in the head and neck. Only rare examples metastasize or cause death from disease. However, the fairly high local recurrence rate underscores their aggressive potential and highlights the importance of prospective recognition.

Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor of the kidney: a case report and literature review

PubMed Central

Chen, Yanyang; Wang, Fen; Han, Anjia

2015-01-01

Fat-forming solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare soft tissue tumor. Herein, we reported a 30-year-old woman was found to have a solid mass measuring 60×45 mm in the right kidney on an abdominal computed tomography scan. The tumor was well-circumscribed and composed of cellular nodules with the classic SFT admixed with clusters and lobules of mature adipocytes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed that the tumor cells were diffusely and strongly positive for CD34 and Bcl-2, focally and weakly positive for CD99 and EMA. Mature adipocytes were positive for S-100 protein. Ki-67 expression was found in approximately 2% of tumor cells. However, tumor cells were negative for cytokeratin, S-100 protein, HMB-45, Melan-A, SMA, and CD117. We made the pathological diagnosis of fat-forming SFT of the right kidney. The differential diagnosis includes angiomyolipoma, liposarcoma, spindle cell lipoma, sarcomatoid renal cell carcinoma, synovial sarcoma, and gastrointestinal stromal tumor. The patient was alive and well without evidence of recurrence or metastasis at 19 months after tumor resection. PMID:26339447

Giant solitary fibrous tumor of the diaphragm: a case report and review of literature

PubMed Central

Ge, Wei; Yu, De-Cai; Jiang, Chun-Ping; Ding, Yi-Tao

2014-01-01

A young gentleman presented with difficulty in breathing. Computed tomography (CT) scan showed a huge mass located between the heart and stomach, which might have rooted in the diaphragm. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with enhanced three dimensional construction showed a lobulated, heterogeneous soft tissue mass with short T1 weighted imaging signal and flake long T2-weighted imaging (T2WI). Tumor-enhanced scanning demonstrated heterogeneous contrast enhancement. The preliminary diagnosis was intra-abdominal huge mass and considering sarcoma. Resection was conducted where the base of the tumor was located in the diaphragm oppressing the left liver lobe and heart. The base of the tumor, together with partial surrounding of the diaphragm, pericardium base, and the left lateral hepatic segment, was resected. The defect in the diaphragm and pericardium was repaired by patching, and thoracic close drainage and abdominal drainage were placed following the surgical operation. The pathological report showed giant solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). This case report may provide a reference resource for the diagnosis and treatment of SFT located in the diaphragm. PMID:25674285

Endoscopic-modified medial maxillectomy and its limitation for a solitary fibrous tumor of the lacrimal sac and nasolacrimal duct.

PubMed

Moriyama, Munehito; Kodama, Satoru; Hirano, Takashi; Suzuki, Masashi

2017-06-01

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is an uncommon neoplasm that usually arises from the pleura. Recently, SFTs have been reported in the head and neck region located in subsites such as the orbit. SFTs of the lacrimal sac are extremely rare, with only six cases reported in the English literature. We describe a SFT arising from the right lacrimal sac and extending along the nasolacrimal duct into the nasal cavity. Although, the tumor could not be removed by endoscopic-modified medial maxillectomy (EMMM) alone, combined approach with EMMM and a small external incision achieved the complete removal of the tumor. The patient has remained disease-free 24 months after surgery. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solitary Fibrous Tumor in the Round Ligament of the Liver: A Fortunate Intraoperative Discovery

PubMed Central

Beyer, Laura; Delpero, Jean-Robert; Chetaille, Bruno; Sarran, Anthony; Perrot, Delphine; Moureau-Zabotto, Laurence; Guiramand, Jérôme; Bertucci, François

2012-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms of fibroblastic origin, most commonly found in the pleura. Numerous extrathoracic locations have been reported during the last 2 decades. Herein, we report the first case of an SFT in the round ligament of the liver. A 46-year-old Caucasian man presented with a 12-month history of abdominal pain. An ultrasonography-guided microbiopsy first revealed a desmoid tumor. After failure of first- and second-line medical treatments (celecoxib and tamoxifen, then imatinib), histological reexamination was suspicious for a low-grade sarcoma. MRI was also suspicious for a malignant process. Hence, surgery was decided. Laparotomy found a huge and well-limited tumor that, unexpectedly, was appended to the round ligament of the liver and free from any other intra-abdominal contact. The tumor was easily removed. Excision was monobloc and macroscopically complete. Histological analysis diagnosed an SFT arising from the round ligament of the liver. No adjuvant treatment was given. Ten months after surgery, the patient is alive without any signs or symptoms of relapse. This is the first report of SFT arising from the round ligament of the liver. It illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing such tumors. Whilst diagnosis of SFT is rare, it should be kept in mind to allow early diagnosis and complete surgical resection, which provide the best chance for recovery. PMID:22666211

Solitary fibrous tumor in the round ligament of the liver: a fortunate intraoperative discovery.

PubMed

Beyer, Laura; Delpero, Jean-Robert; Chetaille, Bruno; Sarran, Anthony; Perrot, Delphine; Moureau-Zabotto, Laurence; Guiramand, Jérôme; Bertucci, François

2012-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are mesenchymal neoplasms of fibroblastic origin, most commonly found in the pleura. Numerous extrathoracic locations have been reported during the last 2 decades. Herein, we report the first case of an SFT in the round ligament of the liver. A 46-year-old Caucasian man presented with a 12-month history of abdominal pain. An ultrasonography-guided microbiopsy first revealed a desmoid tumor. After failure of first- and second-line medical treatments (celecoxib and tamoxifen, then imatinib), histological reexamination was suspicious for a low-grade sarcoma. MRI was also suspicious for a malignant process. Hence, surgery was decided. Laparotomy found a huge and well-limited tumor that, unexpectedly, was appended to the round ligament of the liver and free from any other intra-abdominal contact. The tumor was easily removed. Excision was monobloc and macroscopically complete. Histological analysis diagnosed an SFT arising from the round ligament of the liver. No adjuvant treatment was given. Ten months after surgery, the patient is alive without any signs or symptoms of relapse. This is the first report of SFT arising from the round ligament of the liver. It illustrates the difficulty in diagnosing such tumors. Whilst diagnosis of SFT is rare, it should be kept in mind to allow early diagnosis and complete surgical resection, which provide the best chance for recovery.

Intramedullary Solitary Fibrous Tumor--A Benign Form of Hemangiopericytoma? Case Report and Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Bruder, Markus; Tews, Dominique; Mittelbronn, Michel; Capper, David; Seifert, Volker; Marquardt, Gerhard

2015-07-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are benign tumors of the soft tissue occurring anywhere in the human body but arise predominantly in the visceral pleura. SFTs of the central nervous system are rare, especially when they occur within the spinal cord. We present a case of an 83-year-old female patient presenting with acute spastic paralysis of the lower extremities after a history of progressive weakness and incontinence. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings were typical for meningioma, but an intradural, mainly intramedullary tumor was found at the first operation. A second operation was performed under neurophysiological monitoring, and complete removal of the tumor was achieved. Neurological conditions improved after the procedure, but the patient remained paraparetic. Histological and immunohistochemical findings revealed an SFT. There is evidence that SFTs and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are not different entities but should be considered as different graduations of a common spectrum. The extent of resection is a prognostic factor for recurrence-free survival in SFT; therefore we recommend surgery with complete resection whenever possible depending on the results of mandatory intraoperative neurophysiological monitoring in these cases. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

'Papillary' solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma with nuclear STAT6 expression and NAB2-STAT6 fusion.

PubMed

Ishizawa, Keisuke; Tsukamoto, Yoshitane; Ikeda, Shunsuke; Suzuki, Tomonari; Homma, Taku; Mishima, Kazuhiko; Nishikawa, Ryo; Sasaki, Atsushi

2016-04-01

This report describes clinicopathological findings, including genetic data of STAT6, in a solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma (HPC) of the central nervous system in an 83-year-old woman with a bulge in the left forehead. She noticed it about 5 months before, and it had grown rapidly for the past 1 month. Neuroradiological studies disclosed a well-demarcated tumor that accompanied the destruction of the skull. The excised tumor showed a prominent papillary structure, where atypical cells were compactly arranged along the fibrovascular core ('pseudopapillary'). There was rich vasculature, some of which resembled 'staghorn' vessels. Mitotic figures were occasionally found. Whorls, psammoma bodies, or intra-nuclear pseudoinclusions were not identified. By immunohistochemistry, CD34 was strongly positive in the tumor cells, and STAT6 was localized in their nuclei. By reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), an NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene, NAB2 exon6-STAT6 exon17, was detected, establishing a definite diagnosis of SFT/HPC. 'Papillary' SFT/HPC needs to be recognized as a possible morphological variant of SFT/HPC, and should be borne in mind in its diagnostic practice.

Suprarenal solitary fibrous tumor associated with a NF1 gene mutation mimicking a kidney neoplasm: implications for surgical management

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is a rare spindle cell neoplasm, usually occurring in the pleura. Pararenal SFT, mimicking an adrenal gland or renal tumor, as here described, is extremely rare. We report a case of a right suprarenal SFT, incidentally discovered by abdominal ultrasound in a 54-year-old woman carrying a point neurofibromatosis 1 (NF1) gene mutation. Preoperative diagnostic work-up was ineffective in evaluating its origin, and an open radical right nephrectomy was therefore undertaken. Immunohistochemical assay showed a positivity for CD34, CD99 and Bcl-2, so suggesting a diagnosis of SFT. According to our knowledge, the association between this type of tumor and NF1 gene mutation has never been described. In cases of pararenal tumors, a more detailed preoperative diagnosis could be useful to better plan the extension of resection, allowing, in selected cases, nephron-sparing surgery. More studies are needed to better analyze the relationship between NF1 gene mutation and SFT. PMID:24708790

Solitary Fibrous Tumors of the Orbit and Central Nervous System: A Case Series Analysis

PubMed Central

Brum, Marisa; Nzwalo, Hipólito; Oliveira, Edson; Pelejão, Maria Rita; Pereira, Pedro; Farias, João Paulo; Pimentel, José

2018-01-01

Introduction: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) is rarely diagnosed in clinical practice. Since its initial descriptions in the central nervous system (CNS) and the orbits, very few case reports and small case series have expanded their clinical and pathological characterization. We sought to describe a cases series of SFT from a single laboratory of neuropathology belonging to a tertiary university hospital. Methods: Retrospective clinical and histopathological description of eight cases of CNS and orbital SFT diagnosed over a 21-year period of time. Results: Median age was 47.3 years and four were males. Clinical presentation was related to local mass effect in all. Tumors occurred in the orbits (5/62.5%), intracranial dura attached (2), and the spinal medulla (1). The neuropathology showed the presence of hemangiopericytoma type (2), classic type (3), and mixed type (3). Histological anaplasia was present in two cases. Widespread/total immunoreactivity for vimentin, CD34, and Bcl-2 was present in all. Gross total removal was conducted in the majority (6/75%) and subtotal removal in 2 (25%). Three patients were submitted to adjuvant treatment (radiosurgery and radiotherapy). Recurrence occurred in four patients, 13–120 months after surgical intervention. Anaplasia was present in one case of recurrence. Conclusion: Our case series confirms the clinical and neuropathological diversity of CNS and orbital SFTs. Studies with longer follow-up periods are necessary to better understand the clinical behavior and prognosis of the SFT in the CNS and orbits. PMID:29682031

Hepatic hemangiopericytoma/solitary fibrous tumor: a review of our current understanding and case study.

PubMed

Bokshan, Steven L; Doyle, Majella; Becker, Nils; Nalbantoglu, Ilke; Chapman, William C

2012-11-01

In 2002, the World Health Organization reclassified the soft tissue tumors known as hemangiopericytoma (HPC) as a variant of solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). As this classification system is still debated and has not been universally applied, the following account will provide an updated review of our understanding of those tumors still classified as HPC in the literature with special emphasis on hepatic HPC/SFT. HPC is a soft tissue neoplasm of mesenchymal origin first described by Stout and Murray in 1942. HPC constitutes 1 % of all vascular neoplasms and has been thought to coexist with trauma, prolonged steroid use, and hypertension. Although its presentation may be variable, intrahepatic HPC often presents with the patient's increasing awareness of a painless mass. Marked hypoglycemia may also accompany the neoplasm. Recent evidence suggests that uncontrolled growth may result from a loss of imprinting with overproduction of IGF-II in addition to alternative promoter usage. Diagnostic modalities including imaging, biopsy, and biochemical assays may be used to detect the presence of HPC. As most lesions are benign and slow growing, the prognosis is relatively favorable with 10-year survival between 54 and 70 %. Current mainstays of treatment include hepatic resection when possible especially with the use of adjuvant radiotherapy. Chemotherapeutic approaches have been poorly studied and are generally reserved for inoperable cases. Antiangiogenic compounds such as temozolomide and bevacizumab provide an exciting avenue of treatment. Finally, a case study will be reviewed highlighting diagnosis, treatment, and spectrum nature of hepatic HPC.

[Diagnosis and differential diagnosis for solitary fibrous tumor in the abdomen and pelvis by CT].

PubMed

Liu, Huaping; Li, Wenzheng; Yi, Xiaoping; Pei, Yigang; Liu, Hui; Zhao, Wei; Liu, Wenguang; Hou, Jiale; Ghimire, Obin

2017-04-28

To study the CT features for solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) in the abdomen and pelvis and to improve the diagnostic accuracy.
 Methods: Fourteen patients with SFT were collected in our hospital from January, 2011 to December, 2015. Characteristic of images were analyzed and compared for 10 SFT, which located outside the abdominal organs with extragastrointestinal stromal tumors (EGIST), leiomyosarcoma, and schwannoma.
 Results: Necrosis and cystic formation were frequently present in SFT in the abdomen and pelvis. CE-CT showed serpentine vessels along the periphery, while pattern of enhancement was map-like inhomogeneous progressive. Comparing with the EGIST or schwannoma, the difference of CT value in non-contrast and the arterial phase were statistically significant (P<0.05). The numbers of peritumoral circuity vessel were significantly different between SFT and EGIST (χ²=18.27, P<0.008) or between SFT and schwannoma (χ²=19.25, P<0.008). Comparing with the leiomyosarcoma or schwannoma, SFT located outside the abdominal organs. We found that tumor necrosis rate was significantly different between SFT and leiomyoscarcoma (χ²=8.00, P<0.008).
 Conclusion: SFT in the abdomen and pelvis show certain CT characteristics. The CT value in non-contrast and at the arterial phase, tumor necrosis rate, and serpentine vessels along the periphery were pivotal in differentiating SFT from leiomyosarcoma, EGIST and schwannoma.

Chirped solitary pulses for a nonic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on a continuous-wave background

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Triki, Houria; Porsezian, K.; Choudhuri, Amitava; Dinda, P. Tchofo

2016-06-01

A class of derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation with cubic-quintic-septic-nonic nonlinear terms describing the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses through a nonlinear medium with higher-order Kerr responses is investigated. An intensity-dependent chirp ansatz is adopted for solving the two coupled amplitude-phase nonlinear equations of the propagating wave. We find that the dynamics of field amplitude in this system is governed by a first-order nonlinear ordinary differential equation with a tenth-degree nonlinear term. We demonstrate that this system allows the propagation of a very rich variety of solitary waves (kink, dark, bright, and gray solitary pulses) which do not coexist in the conventional nonlinear systems that have appeared so far in the literature. The stability of the solitary wave solution under some violation on the parametric conditions is investigated. Moreover, we show that, unlike conventional systems, the nonlinear Schrödinger equation considered here meets the special requirements for the propagation of a chirped solitary wave on a continuous-wave background, involving a balance among group velocity dispersion, self-steepening, and higher-order nonlinearities of different nature.

FNA cytology of solitary fibrous tumors and the diagnostic value of STAT6 immunocytochemistry.

PubMed

Tani, Edneia; Wejde, Johan; Åström, Kristina; Wingmo, Inga-Lill; Larsson, Olle; Haglund, Felix

2018-01-01

Solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare mesenchymal tumors commonly located in the pleura, soft tissues, or meninges and are characterized by the NGFI-A-binding protein 2 (NAB2)-signal transducer and activator of transcription 6 (STAT6) fusion gene. Recent studies have indicated that nuclear STAT6 immunohistochemistry is a specific marker for SFTs. The authors reviewed fine-needle aspiration (FNA) specimens from extracranial SFTs diagnosed at their institution between 1993 and 2017. Histologic blocks and available formalin-fixed smears of FNA specimens from SFTs were investigated for STAT6 immunoreactivity using a monoclonal antibody. STAT6 immunocytochemistry was also investigated in schwannomas and spindle cell lipomas. Cytopathologic and clinical characteristics were described. Nineteen benign and 9 malignant SFTs were identified. Both benign and malignant SFTs had a female predominance (female-to-male ratio, 2.8:1 and 1.25, respectively). Localization varied, and approximately one-half of the extrapleural tumors were located in the extremities and frequently were intramuscular. Benign and malignant primary tumors had limited differences in cytologic presentation, the most notable feature being nuclear pleomorphism. Cytomorphologic features included low-to-moderate cellularity of mixed oval, elongated, round, and stellate cells with pink collagenous stroma and hypercellular clusters with infrequent atypia. In metastatic SFTs, the cytopathology was suggestive of sarcoma. Immunohistochemistry revealed nuclear STAT6 immunoreactivity in SFTs (n = 5) with cytoplasmic reactivity in cytologic mimickers. Benign and malignant SFTs have common cytopathologic features, and the ability to distinguish between them is limited. Nuclear STAT6 immunoreactivity is a valuable cytologic marker for SFTs. Cancer Cytopathol 2018;126:36-43. © 2017 American Cancer Society. © 2017 American Cancer Society.

Phenotypical and molecular distinctness of sinonasal haemangiopericytoma compared to solitary fibrous tumour of the sinonasal tract.

PubMed

Agaimy, Abbas; Barthelmeß, Sarah; Geddert, Helene; Boltze, Carsten; Moskalev, Evgeny A; Koch, Michael; Wiemann, Stefan; Hartmann, Arndt; Haller, Florian

2014-11-01

Sinonasal haemangiopericytoma (SN-HPC) is a rare sinonasal mesenchymal neoplasm of perivascular myoid cell origin. Solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) occurs only very rarely in the sinonasal tract. SFT and soft tissue HPC have been considered a single entity. Recently, recurrent gene fusions involving NAB2-STAT6 resulting in differential expression of STAT6 were characterized as central molecular events in SFT. However, no data exist for NAB2-STAT6 status or STAT6 expression in SN-HPC. We examined six SN-HPCs and two sinonasal SFTs by immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR for NAB2-STAT6 fusions. SN-HPC affected three females and three males (mean age: 72 years). They expressed smooth muscle actin, lacked strong CD34 reactivity and were negative for nuclear STAT6 expression. RT-PCR analysis confirmed the absence of NAB2-STAT6 fusions in all cases. Conversely, both sinonasal SFTs (in males aged 39 and 52 years) displayed classical features of pleuropulmonary and soft-tissue SFTs (uniformly CD34-positive with strong nuclear expression of STAT6). RT-PCR revealed NAB2-STAT6 fusions in both cases. These findings confirm the molecular and phenotypical distinctness of these two entities. While SN-HPC is a site-specific sinonasal neoplasm of as yet unknown molecular pathogenesis, sinonasal SFTs show phenotypical and molecular identity to their pleural/extrapleural counterparts. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

[Solitary Fibrous Tumor: a Rare Cause of Recurrent Severe Hypoglycemia].

PubMed

Kühn-Velten, Ute; Hohmann, Christian; Strauss, Tim; Heizmann, Oleg; Klöppel, Günter

2018-06-01

 A 73-year-old woman was admitted to hospital early in the morning by an emergency doctor in initially unclear comatose conditions with a blood glucose of 24 mg/dl. There were no important previous diseases requiring any medication. She was in good physical state.  Except for a lowered breath sound on the right side of the chest the physical findings were normal. Endocrinologic tests, diagnostic imaging (Chest-x-ray, ultrasonography of abdomen and pleura, abdominal and thoracic CT) and fine needle biopsy suggested a non-islet-cell-tumor on the right side of the pleura as cause of hypoglycemia.  Resection of the tumor resulted in normoglycemia and the pathologic examination of the tumor specimen revealed a solid fibrous tumor. A solid fibrous tumor is a relatively common cause of the rare syndrome of non-islet-cell-tumor hypoglycemia. It shows typical endocrinologic findings, which immediately help to clarify the differential diagnosis with other causes of severe hypoglycemia. Early thorough endocrinologic testing is therefore paramount for the recognition of this distinct hypoglycemic disease which is related to the release of IGF-2, respectively Big-IGF-2, from the tumor cells. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Challenges in diagnosis and management of giant solitary fibrous tumour of pleura: a case report.

PubMed

Tan, Jessica H Y; Hsu, Anne A L

2016-08-08

Majority of patients with solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura (SFTP) are asymptomatic. Acute presentation with symptoms resulting from mass effect due to rapid expansion of tumour size has not been reported before. This report chronicles the case of a giant SFTP in a 76-year-old lady who presented with acute onset of haemoptysis, left-sided pleuritic chest pain and hoarseness of voice. Her chest radiograph showed a large left upper hemithorax mass with an ipsilateral effusion. Computed tomography (CT) scan of the thorax confirmed the presence of a pleural-based mass lesion in the left apex measuring 9.7 cm with close apposition to the aortic arch. The mass demonstrated neovascularization and there was also presence of a moderate-sized heterogeneous-appearing left pleural effusion. Thoracocentesis yielded deeply haemoserous pleural fluid with a pleural aspirate hematocrit closely approaching that of peripheral blood hematocrit and alongside a 2 unit decrease in haemoglobin, was indicative of a haemothorax. Repeat CT 10 days from initial presentation showed reduction in size of the left apical mass as well as resolution of the left effusion. This was consistent with the occurrence of an intra-tumoural bleed resulting in rapid increase in the size of the SFTP, causing rupture of superficial blood vessels on the tumour surface (haemothorax) and consequential compression of the lung parenchyma (haemoptysis) and left recurrent laryngeal nerve (hoarseness of voice). The patient eventually underwent an uneventful surgical resection. A benign SFTP can present acutely with compressive symptoms as a result of spontaneous intra-tumoural bleed causing sudden increase in its size. It is important to allow temporal regression of these acute changes before deciding on surgical resectability.

CT diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant varieties of solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura

PubMed Central

You, Xiaofang; Sun, Xiwen; Yang, Chunyan; Fang, Yong

2017-01-01

Abstract To investigate computed tomography (CT) characteristics of benign and malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs). Preoperative CTs for 60 SFTP cases (49 benign and 11 malignant) with subsequently confirmed diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed. Tumor morphologies included mounded or mushroom umbrella-shape (19 cases, 31.7%), quasi-circular or oval-shape (30 cases, 50%), and growth resembling a casting mould (12 cases, 20%). Maximum tumor diameters were 1.1 to 18.9 cm (average: 6.4 ± 4.8 cm). Fifty-seven cases had clear boundaries, and 3 had partially coarse boundaries. Twenty-seven cases showed homogeneous density; 33, “geographic”-patterned inhomogeneous density; 6, calcifications; 12, intratumor blood vessels; and 3, thick nourishing peritumoral blood vessels. Pleural thickening (regular and irregular) was found adjacent to tumors in 4, compression of adjacent ribs with absorption and cortical sclerosis in 2, and location adjacent to ribs with bony destruction in 1. Four cases had a small amount of lung tissue enfolded along the boundary, 2 had multiple peritumoral pulmonary bullae, and 9 had small ipsilateral pleural effusions. Compared with benign and malignant SFTPs were larger (P < .001), had inhomogeneous density, and were more commonly associated with intratumor blood vessels and pleural effusions (P < .01). CT revealed characteristic patterns in SFTPs, including casting mould-like growth, rich blood supply, and “geographic”-patterned enhancement. In addition, larger tumor size, inhomogeneous intensities, abundant intratumor blood vessels, and pleural effusions were more common with malignancy. Lastly, multislice CT angiography can reveal feeding arteries and help guide surgical management. PMID:29245313

CT diagnosis and differentiation of benign and malignant varieties of solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura.

PubMed

You, Xiaofang; Sun, Xiwen; Yang, Chunyan; Fang, Yong

2017-12-01

To investigate computed tomography (CT) characteristics of benign and malignant solitary fibrous tumors of the pleura (SFTPs).Preoperative CTs for 60 SFTP cases (49 benign and 11 malignant) with subsequently confirmed diagnoses were retrospectively analyzed.Tumor morphologies included mounded or mushroom umbrella-shape (19 cases, 31.7%), quasi-circular or oval-shape (30 cases, 50%), and growth resembling a casting mould (12 cases, 20%). Maximum tumor diameters were 1.1 to 18.9 cm (average: 6.4 ± 4.8 cm). Fifty-seven cases had clear boundaries, and 3 had partially coarse boundaries. Twenty-seven cases showed homogeneous density; 33, "geographic"-patterned inhomogeneous density; 6, calcifications; 12, intratumor blood vessels; and 3, thick nourishing peritumoral blood vessels. Pleural thickening (regular and irregular) was found adjacent to tumors in 4, compression of adjacent ribs with absorption and cortical sclerosis in 2, and location adjacent to ribs with bony destruction in 1. Four cases had a small amount of lung tissue enfolded along the boundary, 2 had multiple peritumoral pulmonary bullae, and 9 had small ipsilateral pleural effusions. Compared with benign and malignant SFTPs were larger (P < .001), had inhomogeneous density, and were more commonly associated with intratumor blood vessels and pleural effusions (P < .01).CT revealed characteristic patterns in SFTPs, including casting mould-like growth, rich blood supply, and "geographic"-patterned enhancement. In addition, larger tumor size, inhomogeneous intensities, abundant intratumor blood vessels, and pleural effusions were more common with malignancy. Lastly, multislice CT angiography can reveal feeding arteries and help guide surgical management.

Efficacy of trabectedin in malignant solitary fibrous tumors: a retrospective analysis from the French Sarcoma Group.

PubMed

Khalifa, J; Ouali, M; Chaltiel, L; Le Guellec, S; Le Cesne, A; Blay, J-Y; Cousin, P; Chaigneau, L; Bompas, E; Piperno-Neumann, S; Bui-Nguyen, B; Rios, M; Delord, J-P; Penel, N; Chevreau, C

2015-10-15

Advanced malignant solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are rare soft-tissue sarcomas with a poor prognosis. Several treatment options have been reported, but with uncertain rates of efficacy. Our aim is to describe the activity of trabectedin in a retrospective, multi-center French series of patients with SFTs. Patients were mainly identified through the French RetrospectYon database and were treated between January 2008 and May 2013. Trabectedin was administered at an initial dose of 1.5 mg/m(2), q3 weeks. The best tumor response was assessed according to the Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors 1.1. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate median progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The growth-modulation index (GMI) was defined as the ratio between the time to progression with trabectedin (TTPn) and the TTP with the immediately prior line of treatment (TTPn-1). Eleven patients treated with trabectedin for advanced SFT were identified. Trabectedin had been used as second-line treatment in 8 patients (72.7 %) and as at least third-line therapy in a further 3 (27.3 %). The best RECIST response was a partial response (PR) in one patient (9.1 %) and stable disease (SD) in eight patients (72.7 %). Disease-control rate (DCR = PR + SD) was 81.8 %. After a median follow-up of 29.2 months, the median PFS was 11.6 months (95 % CI = 2.0; 15.2 months) and the median OS was 22.3 months (95 % CI = 9.1 months; not reached). The median GMI was 1.49 (range: 0.11-4.12). Trabectedin is a very promising treatment for advanced SFTs. Further investigations are needed.

NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene analysis in two cases of meningeal solitary fibrous tumor/hemangiopericytoma with late distant metastases.

PubMed

Nakada, Satoko; Minato, Hiroshi; Takegami, Tsutomu; Kurose, Nozomu; Ikeda, Hiroko; Kobayashi, Masako; Sasagawa, Yasuo; Akai, Takuya; Kato, Takashi; Yamamoto, Norio; Nojima, Takayuki

2015-10-01

We present two cases of meningeal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma (HPC) with immunohistochemistry of STAT6 and analysis of NAB2-STAT6 fusion genes. Case 1 was a 37-year-old male with a left middle fossa tumor; case 2 was a 68-year-old female with a cerebellar tumor. They showed late metastasis to the lung or bone 8 or 13 years, respectively, after the first surgery. Histology of both primary and metastatic tumors showed a cellular hemangiopericytomatous pattern with nuclear atypia. The primary tumors showed nuclear staining of STAT6, but both metastatic tumors showed nuclear and cytoplasmic STAT6. DNA sequencing revealed two kinds of NAB2-STAT6 fusion genes. One consisted of exon 6 of NAB2, intron 6 of NAB2, and the middle of exon 17 of STAT6 (observed in the primary and metastatic tumors of case 1); the other consisted of exon 6 of NAB2 and the beginning of exon 17 of STAT6 (observed in the metastatic tumor of case 2). The primary tumor of case 2 had both fusion genes. To the best of our knowledge, we are the first to report NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene analysis in primary and metastatic meningeal SFT/HPCs and a case showed different fusion gene status in the metastatic tumor.

[Solitary fibrous tumors and hemangiopericytomas of the meninges: Immunophenotype and histoprognosis in a series of 17 cases].

PubMed

Savary, Caroline; Rousselet, Marie-Christine; Michalak, Sophie; Fournier, Henri-Dominique; Taris, Michaël; Loussouarn, Delphine; Rousseau, Audrey

2016-08-01

The 2007 World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the central nervous system distinguishes meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPC) from solitary fibrous tumors (TFS). In the WHO classification of tumors of soft tissue and bone, those neoplasms are no longer separate entities since the discovery in 2013 of a common oncogenic event, i.e. the NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion. A shared histopronostic grading system, called "Marseille grading system", was recently proposed, based on hypercellularity, mitotic count and necrosis. We evaluated the immunophenotype and histoprognosis in a retrospective cohort of intracranial HPC and TFS. Fifteen initial tumors and 2 recurrences were evaluated by immunohistochemistry for STAT6, CD34, EMA, progesterone receptors and Ki67. The pronostic value of the WHO and the Marseille grading systems was tested on 12 patients with clinical follow-up. Initial tumors were 11 HPC and 4 SFT. STAT6 and CD34 were expressed in 16/17 tumors, EMA and progesterone receptors in 2 and 5 cases, respectively. The Ki67 labelling index was 6.25% in HPC and 3% in SFT. Half of the tumors recurred between 2 years and 9 years after initial diagnosis (mean time 5 years). No statistical difference in the risk of recurrence was associated with either grade (WHO or Marseille), in this small cohort. The diagnosis of HPC and TFS is facilitated by the almost constant immuno-expression of STAT6, and this justifies their common classification. The high rate of recurrence implies a very long-term follow-up because the current grading systems do not accurately predict the individual risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

ALDH1 is an immunohistochemical diagnostic marker for solitary fibrous tumours and haemangiopericytomas of the meninges emerging from gene profiling study

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Solitary Fibrous Tumours (SFT) and haemangiopericytomas (HPC) are rare meningeal tumours that have to be distinguished from meningiomas and more rarely from synovial sarcomas. We recently found that ALDH1A1 was overexpressed in SFT and HPC as compared to soft tissue sarcomas. Using whole-genome DNA microarrays, we defined the gene expression profiles of 16 SFT/HPC (9 HPC and 7 SFT). Expression profiles were compared to publicly available expression profiles of additional SFT or HPC, meningiomas and synovial sarcomas. We also performed an immunohistochemical (IHC) study with anti-ALDH1 and anti-CD34 antibodies on Tissue Micro-Arrays including 38 SFT (25 meningeal and 13 extrameningeal), 55 meningeal haemangiopericytomas (24 grade II, 31 grade III), 163 meningiomas (86 grade I, 62 grade II, 15 grade III) and 98 genetically confirmed synovial sarcomas. Results ALDH1A1 gene was overexpressed in SFT/HPC, as compared to meningiomas and synovial sarcomas. These findings were confirmed at the protein level. 84% of the SFT and 85.4% of the HPC were positive with anti-ALDH1 antibody, while only 7.1% of synovial sarcomas and 1.2% of meningiomas showed consistent expression. Positivity was usually more diffuse in SFT/HPC compared to other tumours with more than 50% of tumour cells immunostained in 32% of SFT and 50.8% of HPC. ALDH1 was a sensitive and specific marker for the diagnosis of SFT (SE = 84%, SP = 98.8%) and HPC (SE = 84.5%, SP = 98.7%) of the meninges. In association with CD34, ALDH1 expression had a specificity and positive predictive value of 100%. Conclusion We show that ALDH1, a stem cell marker, is an accurate diagnostic marker for SFT and HPC, which improves the diagnostic value of CD34. ALDH1 could also be a new therapeutic target for these tumours which are not sensitive to conventional chemotherapy. PMID:24252471

Solitary fibrous tumour of pleura: CT differentiation of benign and malignant types.

PubMed

Gupta, A; Souza, C A; Sekhon, H S; Gomes, M M; Hare, S S; Agarwal, P P; Kanne, J P; Seely, J M

2017-09-01

To analyse and compare the computed tomography (CT) features of benign and malignant types of histopathologically proven cases of solitary fibrous tumours of pleura (SFTP). Retrospective analysis of preoperative CT images of 28 cases of histopathologically proven and classified SFTP from three participating institutions was performed. Patient demographics and lesion characteristics including size, borders, presence of a pedicle, extension into the fissure, attenuation, enhancement, pleural effusion, and calcifications were recorded and correlated with the final histopathological diagnosis. Type and results of preoperative biopsy were also recorded. Follow-up imaging and the clinical charts were reviewed to identify recurrence. Out of 28 cases (15 women and 13 men), 18 were proven to be benign and 10 were malignant. The mean age of patients was 58.1±15.9 and 66.5±11.8 years (p=0.1564) for benign and malignant tumours, respectively. The median (interquartile range) diameter was 6.05 (3.2-10.9) cm for benign and 15.7 (7.1-17.5) cm for malignant type tumours (p=0.0291). Tumours had lobulate borders in 28% (5/18) of benign cases and in 80% (8/10) of malignant cases (p=0.0163). Extension into adjacent fissure was seen in 22% (4/18) of benign lesions and 40% (4/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.40). A pedicle was present in 17% (3/18) of benign and 10% (1/10) of malignant lesions (p=1). Heterogeneous attenuation was present in 61% (11/18) of benign and 90% (9/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.19). Calcification was present in 17% (3/18) of benign tumours and in 70% (7/10) of malignant tumours (p=0.0113). Pleural effusion was present in 6% (1/18) of benign and 40% (4/10) of malignant lesions (p=0.04). Only 1/13 preoperative fine-needle aspirates yielded diagnosis of SFTP. Preoperative diagnosis of SFTP was made in all cases (11/11) with core biopsies. At follow-up (1-10 years, mean 3 years), local recurrence occurred in 3/6 (50%) patients with malignant SFTP and in none of the

Validation of nuclear STAT6 immunostaining as a diagnostic marker of meningeal solitary fibrous tumor (SFT)/hemangiopericytoma.

PubMed

Berghoff, Anna S; Kresl, Philip; Bienkowski, Michal; Koelsche, Christian; Rajky, Ursula; Hainfellner, Johannes A; Preusser, Matthias

NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion is a molecular characteristic of solitary fibrous tumors (SFT) and hemangiopericytoma, underscoring their definition as one diagnostic entity. NAB2-STAT6 fusion is associated with nuclear relocation of STAT6 protein that can be detected by immunohistochemistry. We evaluated the diagnostic value of STAT6 expression in meningeal tumors. 77 meningeal tumors (17/77 (22.0%) SFT/hemangiopericytoma, 11/77 meningothelial meningioma, 10/77 atypical meningioma 8/77 chordoid meningioma, 9/77 fibroblastic meningioma, 10/77 transitional meningioma, 3/77 rhabdoid meningioma and 9/77 anaplastic meningioma) were included. STAT6 immunohistochemistry was performed on FFPE specimens using a fully automated slide-staining system and anti-STAT6 antibody SC-20:sc621. Two independent observers analyzed all specimens blinded to histological diagnoses, and a third observer was consulted in case of discordancy. STAT6 immunohistochemistry yielded an exclusively nuclear immunostaining signal. 16/17 (94%) SFT/hemangiopericytoma specimens presented with clear-cut, wide-spread, and moderate to strong staining in tumor cell nuclei and were rated as STAT6-positive. In only 1 SFT case with weak and focal nuclear STAT6 immunostaining signal, STAT6 expression was rated discordant (observer 1: STAT6-negative, observers 2 and 3: STAT6-positive). All non-SFT/hemangiopericytoma cases were unanimously rated as STAT6-negative. In 76/77 (98.7%) cases the evaluation of STAT6 immunostaining results was in agreement among observers. STAT6 immunohistochemistry is a robust method to verify diagnosis of SFT/hemangiopericytoma and should therefore be included in the diagnostic work-up of meningeal tumors. In singular cases, weak and focal STAT6 expression may lead to false-negative evaluation and may prompt further molecular work-up.
.

Spatiotemporal optical dark X solitary waves.

PubMed

Baronio, Fabio; Chen, Shihua; Onorato, Miguel; Trillo, Stefano; Wabnitz, Stefan; Kodama, Yuji

2016-12-01

We introduce spatiotemporal optical dark X solitary waves of the (2+1)D hyperbolic nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE), which rules wave propagation in a self-focusing and normally dispersive medium. These analytical solutions are derived by exploiting the connection between the NLSE and a well-known equation of hydrodynamics, namely the type II Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP-II) equation. As a result, families of shallow water X soliton solutions of the KP-II equation are mapped into optical dark X solitary wave solutions of the NLSE. Numerical simulations show that optical dark X solitary waves may propagate for long distances (tens of nonlinear lengths) before they eventually break up, owing to the modulation instability of the continuous wave background. This finding opens a novel path for the excitation and control of X solitary waves in nonlinear optics.

Nuclear relocation of STAT6 reliably predicts NAB2-STAT6 fusion for the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumour.

PubMed

Koelsche, Christian; Schweizer, Leonille; Renner, Marcus; Warth, Arne; Jones, David T W; Sahm, Felix; Reuss, David E; Capper, David; Knösel, Thomas; Schulz, Birte; Petersen, Iver; Ulrich, Alexis; Renker, Eva Kristin; Lehner, Burkhard; Pfister, Stefan M; Schirmacher, Peter; von Deimling, Andreas; Mechtersheimer, Gunhild

2014-11-01

Nuclear relocation of STAT6 has been shown in tumours with NAB2-STAT6 fusion, and has been proposed as an ancillary marker for the diagnosis of solitary fibrous tumours (SFTs). The aim of this study was to verify the utility of STAT6 immunohistology in diagnosing SFT. A total of 689 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tumours comprising 35 pleural SFTs and 654 other mesenchymal tumours were investigated for STAT6 expression using immunohistochemistry. Nine dedifferentiated liposarcomas (DDLSs) and five SFTs were also examined for the presence of NAB2-STAT6 fusion at the protein level using the proximity ligation assay (PLA), and for copy number variants (CNVs) with the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation450 array. Thirty-four of 35 SFTs showed strong nuclear STAT6 expression. Furthermore, five of 68 DDLSs, two of 130 undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcomas and one of 63 cases of nodular fasciitis showed moderate to strong nuclear STAT6 expression. The PLA indicated the presence of NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein in SFTs, but signal was also detected in some DDLSs. Copy number analysis showed an overall low frequency of chromosomal imbalances in SFTs, but complex karyotypes in DDLSs, including amplification of STAT6 and MDM2 loci. The detection of nuclear relocation of STAT6 with immunohistochemistry is a characteristic of SFTs, and may serve as a diagnostic marker that indicates NAB2-STAT6 fusion and helps to discriminate SFTs from histological mimics. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst in a young dog.

PubMed

Roode, Sarah C; Shive, Heather R; Hoorntje, Willemijn; Bernard, Jennifer; Stowe, Devorah M; Pool, Roy R; Grindem, Carol B

2018-05-21

A 20-month-old female spayed Staffordshire Terrier (22.3 kg) presented to the Orthopedic Surgery Service at North Carolina State University Veterinary Teaching Hospital for evaluation of a 6-week history of toe-touching to nonweight-bearing lameness in the right hind limb. Radiographs of the right stifle revealed a multiloculated lytic lesion of the distal femur, with a large open lytic zone centrally, numerous osseous septations peripherally, and focal areas of cortical thinning and loss. An aspirate of the right distal femoral lesion yielded mildly cloudy serosanguineous fluid. Cytologic examination of the fluid revealed a pleomorphic population of discrete cells that exhibited marked anisocytosis and anisokaryosis and a variable nucleus to cytoplasm (N:C) ratio, which were interpreted as probable neoplastic cells, with few macrophages, and evidence of hemorrhage. Given the clinical signs of pain, lesion size, and concern for malignant neoplasia, amputation of the right hind limb was performed. Histologically, the lesion had undulating walls 1-3 mm thick with a continuous outer layer of dense fibrous tissue and an inner layer composed of reactive cancellous bone with no cortical compacta remaining. Remnants of thin fibrous or fibro-osseous septa projected from the bony wall into the cyst lumen. The final histologic diagnosis was a benign multiloculated solitary (unicameral) bone cyst of the distal right femur. Based on the histopathologic findings, it was speculated that the cells identified on cytology were a mixture of developing osteoclasts, osteoblasts, endothelial, and stromal cells. This is the first report describing the cytologic examination of a solitary bone cyst in veterinary medicine. © 2018 American Society for Veterinary Clinical Pathology.

A reappraisal of hemangiopericytoma of bone; analysis of cases reclassified as synovial sarcoma and solitary fibrous tumor of bone.

PubMed

Verbeke, Sofie L J; Fletcher, Christopher D M; Alberghini, Marco; Daugaard, Søren; Flanagan, Adrienne M; Parratt, Tim; Kroon, Herman M; Hogendoorn, Pancras C W; Bovée, Judith V M G

2010-06-01

Hemangiopericytoma (HPC) was first described as a neoplasm with distinct morphologic features, presumably composed of pericytes. In soft tissue, it is accepted that most such lesions are solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs), monophasic synovial sarcomas (SSs), or myofibromatoses. It is unclear whether HPC of bone exists. We reviewed 9 primary "HPC" of bone from 4 institutions diagnosed between 1952 and 2002. Immunohistochemistry was performed for CD31, CD34, von Willebrand factor, smooth muscle actin, keratin AE1/AE3, and epithelial membrane antigen. There were 4 male and 5 female patients between 21 and 73 years. All tumors were located within bone, either sited within spine or extremities. All tumors showed thin-walled branching vessels surrounded by undifferentiated spindle or round cells. These cells showed variation in their morphologic pattern: 6 tumors showed a pattern-less architecture and varying cellularity, consistent with SFT; 3 of 5 cases examined were CD34-positive. Three tumors showed more densely packed sheets and fascicles of poorly differentiated cells, resembling SS, of which 2 showed focal staining for keratin AE1/AE3 or epithelial membrane antigen. Fluorescent in-situ hybridization confirmed the presence of SS18 rearrangement in 1 of 2 tumors examined. In conclusion, similar to their soft-tissue counterpart, HPC-like features in bone are a nonspecific growth pattern rather than a true diagnosis. We confirm the existence of 2 entities: SFT and SS of bone. Both are characterized by distinct morphology and immunohistochemical profile. SFT of bone is located within spine and has a better prognosis, whereas SS of bone is located within long bones having a poor prognosis.

Solitary giant neurofibroma of the mental nerve: a trauma-related lesion?

PubMed

da Rosa, Marina R P; Ribeiro, André Luis Ribeiro; de Menezes, Sílvio A F; Pinheiro, João J V; Alves-Junior, Sérgio M

2013-05-01

Neurofibroma is a benign neoplasm derived from peripheral nerves whose etiology is still unclear. It may present as a solitary lesion or be associated with other diseases such as neurofibromatosis type I and II syndrome. This paper aims to report an extremely rare case of a solitary giant neurofibroma of the mental nerve whose etiology was related to a local trauma. A 14-year-old female patient presented an extensive left facial mass with a size of 7 × 5 × 4 cm, located between the teeth 33 and 37 in the mandible region. It has begun to grow 3 months after a local trauma. Imaging studies were suggestive of a soft-tissue lesion, with minimal bone changes and maintaining the integrity of the mandibular canal and mental foramen. Histopathological tests showed spindle cells with undulated and hyperchromatic nuclei, and sparse cytoplasm in a stroma composed of dense fibrous connective tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive expression for the proteins S-100 and vimentin, confirming the diagnosis of neurofibroma. The patient underwent surgical removal of the lesion by intraoral approach and evolved with an excellent cosmetic result and no signs of recurrence after 2 years of follow up. We report a rare case of solitary giant neurofibroma whose etiology was related to a local trauma. To our knowledge, this is the first report of a mental nerve neurofibroma. Although the etiology remains unclear, we suggest the investigation of local trauma as a possible etiologic factor for solitary neurofibromas of the jaw.

Solitary Kidney

MedlinePlus

... Solitary Kidney Your Kidneys & How They Work Solitary Kidney What is a solitary kidney? When a person has only one kidney or ... ureter are removed (bottom right). What are the kidneys and what do they do? The kidneys are ...

Solitary Plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Grammatico, Sara; Scalzulli, Emilia; Petrucci, Maria Teresa

2017-01-01

Solitary plasmacytoma is a rare disease characterized by a localized proliferation of neoplastic monoclonal plasma cells, without evidence of systemic disease. It can be subdivided into solitary bone plasmacytoma if the lesion originates in bone, or solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma if the lesion involves a soft tissue. The incidence of solitary bone plasmacytoma is higher than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma. Also, the prognosis is different: even if both forms respond well to treatment, overall survival and progression-free survival of solitary bone plasmacytoma are poorer than solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma due to its higher rate of evolution in multiple myeloma. However, the recent advances in the diagnosis of multiple myeloma can better refine also the diagnosis of plasmacytoma. Flow cytometry studies and molecular analysis may reveal clonal plasma cells in the bone marrow; magnetic resonance imaging or 18 Fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography could better define osteolytic bone lesions. A more explicit exclusion of possible occult systemic involvement can avoid cases of misdiagnosed multiple myeloma patients, which were previously considered solitary plasmacytoma and less treated, with an unavoidable poor prognosis. Due to the rarity of the disease, there is no uniform consensus about prognostic factors and treatment. Radiotherapy is the treatment of choice; however, some authors debate about the radiotherapy dose and the relationship with the response rate. Moreover, the role of surgery and chemotherapy is still under debate. Nevertheless, we must consider that the majority of studies include a small number of patients and analyze the efficacy of conventional chemotherapy; few cases are reported concerning the efficacy of novel agents.

Vlasov Simulation of Electrostatic Solitary Structures in Multi-Component Plasmas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Umeda, Takayuki; Ashour-Abdalla, Maha; Pickett, Jolene S.; Goldstein, Melvyn L.

2012-01-01

Electrostatic solitary structures have been observed in the Earth's magnetosheath by the Cluster spacecraft. Recent theoretical work has suggested that these solitary structures are modeled by electron acoustic solitary waves existing in a four-component plasma system consisting of core electrons, two counter-streaming electron beams, and one species of background ions. In this paper, the excitation of electron acoustic waves and the formation of solitary structures are studied by means of a one-dimensional electrostatic Vlasov simulation. The present result first shows that either electron acoustic solitary waves with negative potential or electron phase-space holes with positive potential are excited in four-component plasma systems. However, these electrostatic solitary structures have longer duration times and higher wave amplitudes than the solitary structures observed in the magnetosheath. The result indicates that a high-speed and small free energy source may be needed as a fifth component. An additional simulation of a five-component plasma consisting of a stable four-component plasma and a weak electron beam shows the generation of small and fast electron phase-space holes by the bump-on-tail instability. The physical properties of the small and fast electron phase-space holes are very similar to those obtained by the previous theoretical analysis. The amplitude and duration time of solitary structures in the simulation are also in agreement with the Cluster observation.

Clinicopathological differences between variants of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene in solitary fibrous tumors of the meninges and extra-central nervous system.

PubMed

Nakada, Satoko; Minato, Hiroshi; Nojima, Takayuki

2016-07-01

Investigations on the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene in solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) have increased since its discovery in 2013. Although several SFTs reported without NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene analysis, we reviewed 546 SFTs/HPCs with NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene analysis in this study and investigated differences between the gene variants. In total, 452 cases tested positive for the NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene, with more than 40 variants being detected. The most frequent of these were NAB2 exon 6-STAT6 exon 16/17/18 and NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2/3, with the former occurring most frequently in SFTs in meninges, soft tissues, and head and neck; the latter predominated in SFTs in the pleura and lung. There was no difference between the histology of SFTs and fusion gene variants. A follow-up analysis of SFTs showed that 51 of 202 cases had a recurrence, with 18 of 53 meningeal SFTs having a local recurrence and/or metastasis within 0-19 years. In meninges and soft tissue, SFTs with the NAB2 exon 6-STAT6 exon 16/17/18 tended to recur more frequently than SFTs with the NAB2 exon 4-STAT6 exon 2/3. Clinicopathological data, including yearly follow-ups, are required for meningeal SFTs/HPCs to define the correlation of variants of NAB2-STAT6 fusion gene.

Solitary-Functional Play and Solitary-Pretend Play: Another Look at the Construct of Solitary-Active Behavior Using Playground Observations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nelson, Larry J.; Hart, Craig H.; Evans, Cortney A.

2008-01-01

Although the construct of solitary-active behavior calls for the aggregation of solitary-functional play and solitary-pretend play, there is little empirical support for combining them into one construct. Furthermore, little work has been done in early childhood to examine these behaviors on the playground. The purpose of this study was to observe…

Generation of internal solitary waves by frontally forced intrusions in geophysical flows.

PubMed

Bourgault, Daniel; Galbraith, Peter S; Chavanne, Cédric

2016-12-06

Internal solitary waves are hump-shaped, large-amplitude waves that are physically analogous to surface waves except that they propagate within the fluid, along density steps that typically characterize the layered vertical structure of lakes, oceans and the atmosphere. As do surface waves, internal solitary waves may overturn and break, and the process is thought to provide a globally significant source of turbulent mixing and energy dissipation. Although commonly observed in geophysical fluids, the origins of internal solitary waves remain unclear. Here we report a rarely observed natural case of the birth of internal solitary waves from a frontally forced interfacial gravity current intruding into a two-layer and vertically sheared background environment. The results of the analysis carried out suggest that fronts may represent additional and unexpected sources of internal solitary waves in regions of lakes, oceans and atmospheres that are dynamically similar to the situation examined here in the Saguenay Fjord, Canada.

Grading of meningeal solitary fibrous tumors/hemangiopericytomas: analysis of the prognostic value of the Marseille Grading System in a cohort of 132 patients.

PubMed

Macagno, Nicolas; Vogels, Rob; Appay, Romain; Colin, Carole; Mokhtari, Karima; Küsters, Benno; Wesseling, Pieter; Figarella-Branger, Dominique; Flucke, Uta; Bouvier, Corinne

2018-03-30

The finding that meningeal solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) and meningeal hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are both characterized by NAB2-STAT6 gene fusion has pushed their inclusion in the WHO 2016 Classification of tumors of the central nervous system (CNS) as different manifestations of the same entity. Given that the clinical behavior of the CNS SFT/HPC spectrum ranges from benign to malignant, it is presently unclear whether the grading criteria are still adequate. Here, we present the results of a study that analyzed the prognostic value of an updated version of the Marseille Grading System (MGS) in a retrospectively assembled cohort of 132 primary meningeal SFTs/HPCs with nuclear overexpression of STAT6. The median patient follow-up was 64 months (range 4-274 months); 73 cases (55%) were MGS I, 50 cases (38%) MGS II and 9 cases (7%) were MGS III. Progression-free survival (PFS) and disease-specific survival (DSS) were investigated using univariate analysis: the prognostic factors for PFS included MGS, extent of surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy and mitotic activity ≥5/10 high-power field (HPF). Moreover, MGS, radiotherapy, mitotic activity ≥5/10 HPF, and necrosis were the prognostic factors measured for DSS. In multivariate analysis, extent of surgery, mitotic activity ≥5/10 HPF, MGS I and MGS III were the independent prognostic factors measured for PFS while necrosis, MGS III and radiotherapy were the independent prognostic factors for DSS. In conclusion, our results show that assessing the malignancy risk of SFT/HPC should not rely on one single criterion like mitotic activity. Therefore, MGS is useful as it combines the value of different criteria. In particular, the combination of a high mitotic activity and necrosis (MGS III) indicates a particularly poor prognosis. © 2018 International Society of Neuropathology.

Fatty metamorphosis and other patterns in fibrous dysplasia

PubMed Central

Shidham, Vinod B; Chavan, Ashwini; Rao, R Nagarjun; Komorowski, Richard A; Asma, Zeenath

2003-01-01

Background Interpretation of small biopsy fragments from suspected lesions of fibrous dysplasia with unusual clinical and / or radiological features may be challenging due to wide histomorphological spectrum of stromal appearances. Awareness of these variations should improve diagnostic confidence. Methods We retrospectively studied 26 cases of fibrous dysplasia (F- 19, M- 7; Ages ranged from 10 to 53 years) with confirmed diagnosis. The sites of the lesions were skull bones (9), humerus (1), femur (8), tibia (2), fibula (3), talus (1), mandible (1), and maxilla (1). Results Different stromal patterns, variably admixed with the classical pattern, were observed in 58%(15/26) of the cases. 20%(3/15) of these had more than one pattern. Focal fatty metamorphosis as groups of fat cells in the central portion of the lesion in the stroma of fibrous dysplasia between osseous trabeculae was observed in 23%(6/26) cases. Other patterns included myxoid stroma in 16%(4/26), collagenization of stroma in 12%(3/26), stroma rich pattern (with paucity of trabeculae) in 12%(3/26), foci of few foam cells in 23% (6/26), and calcified spherules in 12%(3/26). Focal osteoblastic rimming of trabeculae was observed only in 4%(1/26). Conclusions Various stromal variations and previously unreported fatty metamorphosis were frequently observed in fibrous dysplasia. PMID:12946277

Meningeal hemangiopericytoma and solitary fibrous tumors carry the NAB2-STAT6 fusion and can be diagnosed by nuclear expression of STAT6 protein.

PubMed

Schweizer, Leonille; Koelsche, Christian; Sahm, Felix; Piro, Rosario M; Capper, David; Reuss, David E; Pusch, Stefan; Habel, Antje; Meyer, Jochen; Göck, Tanja; Jones, David T W; Mawrin, Christian; Schittenhelm, Jens; Becker, Albert; Heim, Stephanie; Simon, Matthias; Herold-Mende, Christel; Mechtersheimer, Gunhild; Paulus, Werner; König, Rainer; Wiestler, Otmar D; Pfister, Stefan M; von Deimling, Andreas

2013-05-01

Non-central nervous system hemangiopericytoma (HPC) and solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) are considered by pathologists as two variants of a single tumor entity now subsumed under the entity SFT. Recent detection of frequent NAB2-STAT6 fusions in both, HPC and SFT, provided additional support for this view. On the other hand, current neuropathological practice still distinguishes between HPC and SFT. The present study set out to identify genes involved in the formation of meningeal HPC. We performed exome sequencing and detected the NAB2-STAT6 fusion in DNA of 8/10 meningeal HPC thereby providing evidence of close relationship of these tumors with peripheral SFT. Due to the considerable effort required for exome sequencing, we sought to explore surrogate markers for the NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein. We adopted the Duolink proximity ligation assay and demonstrated the presence of NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein in 17/17 HPC and the absence in 15/15 meningiomas. More practical, presence of the NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein resulted in a strong nuclear signal in STAT6 immunohistochemistry. The nuclear reallocation of STAT6 was detected in 35/37 meningeal HPC and 25/25 meningeal SFT but not in 87 meningiomas representing the most important differential diagnosis. Tissues not harboring the NAB2-STAT6 fusion protein presented with nuclear expression of NAB2 and cytoplasmic expression of STAT6 proteins. In conclusion, we provide strong evidence for meningeal HPC and SFT to constitute variants of a single entity which is defined by NAB2-STAT6 fusion. In addition, we demonstrate that this fusion can be rapidly detected by STAT6 immunohistochemistry which shows a consistent nuclear reallocation. This immunohistochemical assay may prove valuable for the differentiation of HPC and SFT from other mesenchymal neoplasms.

Two-color walking Peregrine solitary waves.

PubMed

Baronio, Fabio; Chen, Shihua; Mihalache, Dumitru

2017-09-15

We study the extreme localization of light, evolving upon a non-zero background, in two-color parametric wave interaction in nonlinear quadratic media. We report the existence of quadratic Peregrine solitary waves, in the presence of significant group-velocity mismatch between the waves (or Poynting vector beam walk-off), in the regime of cascading second-harmonic generation. This finding opens a novel path for the experimental demonstration of extreme rogue waves in ultrafast quadratic nonlinear optics.

Slug, Twist, and E-Cadherin as Immunohistochemical Biomarkers in Meningeal Tumors

PubMed Central

Nagaishi, Masaya; Nobusawa, Sumihito; Tanaka, Yuko; Ikota, Hayato; Yokoo, Hideaki; Nakazato, Yoichi

2012-01-01

The overexpression of Twist and Slug and subsequent down-regulation of E-cadherin facilitate the acquirement of invasive growth properties in cancer cells. It is unclear which of these molecules are expressed in mesenchymal tumors in the central nervous system. Here, we investigated 10 cases each of hemangiopericytoma, solitary fibrous tumor, meningothelial, fibrous, angiomatous, and atypical meningiomas, and 5 cases of anaplastic meningioma for Slug, Twist, E-cadherin, and N-cadherin immunoexpression. Nuclear Slug expression was observed in 9/10 (90%) hemangiopericytomas and 5/10 (50%) solitary fibrous tumors, but not in any meningiomas, except for 1 case. Similarly, nuclear Twist expression was more extensive in hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors than meningiomas. In contrast to Slug and Twist, the positive expression of E-cadherin was observed in 39/45 (87%) meningiomas, but not in any hemangiopericytomas or solitary fibrous tumors (P<0.0001). The fraction of tumor cells expressing E-cadherin in meningeal tumors was negatively correlated to those of Twist (P = 0.004) and Slug (P<0.0001). The overexpression of Slug and Twist with down-regulation of E-cadherin was characteristic findings in hemangiopericytomas and solitary fibrous tumors, but not in meningiomas. The immunohistochemical profiles of the two tumor groups may be useful as diagnostic markers in cases that present a differential diagnosis challenge. PMID:23029385

Cross Sectional Imaging of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium.

PubMed

Schäfer, Max-Ludwig; Koch, Arend; Streitparth, Florian; Wiener, Edzard

2017-12-01

Background  Although a wide range of processes along the neurocranium are of a benign nature, there are often difficulties in the differential diagnosis. Method  In the review CT/MRI scans of the head were evaluated retrospectively regarding solitary lesions along the neurocranium. The majority of the lesions were histologically proven. Results  The purpose of the review is to present typical pathologies of the neurocranium and provide a systematic overview based on 12 entities, their locations, prevalence and radiological characteristics. Conclusion  Processes, which primarily originate from the neurocranium have to be differentiated from secondary processes infiltrating the neurocranium. For this important diagnostic feature, MRI is typically essential, while the definitive diagnosis is often made on the basis of the medical history and the typical appearance on computer tomography. Key Points   · There are often difficulties in the precise differential diagnosis of solitary lesions along the neurocranium. Typical solitary pathologies of the neurocranium based on 12 entities were presented. Both magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography are often essential for an exact differential diagnosis.. Citation Format · Schäfer M, Koch A, Streitparth F et al. Cross Sectional Diagnosis of Solitary Lesions of the Neurocranium. Fortschr Röntgenstr 2017; 189: 1135 - 1144. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart · New York.

Cylindrical fast magnetosonic solitary waves in quantum degenerate electron-positron-ion plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdikian, A.

2018-02-01

The nonlinear properties of fast magnetosonic solitary waves in a quantum degenerate electron-positron (e-p) plasma in the presence of stationary ions for neutralizing the plasma background of bounded cylindrical geometry were studied. By employing the standard reductive perturbation technique and the quantum hydrodynamic model for the e-p fluid, the cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (CKP) equation was derived for small, but finite, amplitude waves and was given the solitary wave solution for the parameters relevant to dense astrophysical objects such as white dwarf stars. By a suitable coordinate transformation, the CKP equation can be solved analytically. An analytical solution for magnetosonic solitons and periodic waves is presented. The numerical results reveal that the Bohm potential has a main effect on the periodic and solitary wave structures. By increasing the values of the plasma parameters, the amplitude of the solitary wave will be increased. The present study may be helpful in the understanding of nonlinear electromagnetic soliton waves propagating in both laboratory and astrophysical plasmas, and can help in providing good agreement between theoretical results and laboratory plasma experiments.

Why fibrous proteins are romantic.

PubMed

Cohen, C

1998-01-01

Here I give a personal account of the great history of fibrous protein structure. I describe how Astbury first recognized the essential simplicity of fibrous proteins and their paradigmatic role in protein structure. The poor diffraction patterns yielded by these proteins were then deciphered by Pauling, Crick, Ramachandran and others (in part by model building) to reveal alpha-helical coiled coils, beta-sheets, and the collagen triple helical coiled coil-all characterized by different local sequence periodicities. Longer-range sequence periodicities (or "magic numbers") present in diverse fibrous proteins, such as collagen, tropomyosin, paramyosin, myosin, and were then shown to account for the characteristic axial repeats observed in filaments of these proteins. More recently, analysis of fibrous protein structure has been extended in many cases to atomic resolution, and some systems, such as "leucine zippers," are providing a deeper understanding of protein design than similar studies of globular proteins. In the last sections, I provide some dramatic examples of fibrous protein dynamics. One example is the so-called "spring-loaded" mechanism for viral fusion by the hemagglutinin protein of influenza. Another is the possible conformational changes in prion proteins, implicated in "mad cow disease," which may be related to similar transitions in a variety of globular and fibrous proteins. Copyright 1998 Academic Press.

Solitary water wave interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Craig, W.; Guyenne, P.; Hammack, J.; Henderson, D.; Sulem, C.

2006-05-01

This article concerns the pairwise nonlinear interaction of solitary waves in the free surface of a body of water lying over a horizontal bottom. Unlike solitary waves in many completely integrable model systems, solitary waves for the full Euler equations do not collide elastically; after interactions, there is a nonzero residual wave that trails the post-collision solitary waves. In this report on new numerical and experimental studies of such solitary wave interactions, we verify that this is the case, both in head-on collisions (the counterpropagating case) and overtaking collisions (the copropagating case), quantifying the degree to which interactions are inelastic. In the situation in which two identical solitary waves undergo a head-on collision, we compare the asymptotic predictions of Su and Mirie [J. Fluid Mech. 98, 509 (1980)] and Byatt-Smith [J. Fluid Mech. 49, 625 (1971)], the wavetank experiments of Maxworthy [J. Fluid Mech. 76, 177 (1976)], and the numerical results of Cooker, Weidman, and Bale [J. Fluid Mech. 342, 141 (1997)] with independent numerical simulations, in which we quantify the phase change, the run-up, and the form of the residual wave and its Fourier signature in both small- and large-amplitude interactions. This updates the prior numerical observations of inelastic interactions in Fenton and Rienecker [J. Fluid Mech. 118, 411 (1982)]. In the case of two nonidentical solitary waves, our precision wavetank experiments are compared with numerical simulations, again observing the run-up, phase lag, and generation of a residual from the interaction. Considering overtaking solitary wave interactions, we compare our experimental observations, numerical simulations, and the asymptotic predictions of Zou and Su [Phys. Fluids 29, 2113 (1986)], and again we quantify the inelastic residual after collisions in the simulations. Geometrically, our numerical simulations of overtaking interactions fit into the three categories of Korteweg-deVries two

Solitary waves: a possible mechanism for rapid fluid transport in low permeability porous media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appold, Martin; Joshi, Ajit

2014-05-01

Elastic porous media in which the rate of fluid pressure generation is high relative to the rate of fluid pressure diffusion and whose permeabilities are a sensitive function of effective stress may generate solitary waves manifest as discrete pulses of elevated pore pressure and porosity that can travel at velocities that are orders of magnitude greater than the velocities of the pore fluids in the background Darcian flow regime. Solitary waves may thus be important vehicles for fluid transport through porous media whose permeabilities are otherwise too low to allow significant rates of flow. Solitary waves have been hypothesized for diverse geologic settings and processes, including magmatic hydrothermal ore formation, magma transport, fault slip in accretionary wedges and at transform plate boundaries, and primary hydrocarbon migration in sedimentary basins. The present study has focused on solitary waves as agents of oil and methane transport through numerical simulation of their origin and behavior. The results show solitary waves to have limited capacity for transporting oil for several reasons: (1) the rate of fluid pressure generation by typical mechanisms like compaction disequilibrium and hydrocarbon formation is too low to allow solitary waves to form unless permeability is exceptionally low (10-24 to 10-25 m2), (2) solitary waves are only able to ascend no more than 1-2 km before dissipating to ambient pressure and porosity values, (3) the waves are too small and the frequency of their formation is too low to account for the amount of oil observed in the reservoirs that they have been hypothesized to feed. Solitary waves have been found to be more effective at transporting methane because of its lower density and viscosity compared to oil, provided that a mechanism for rapid pressure generation exists and permeabilities are very low. If those conditions exist, then solitary waves can ascend over two kilometers at rates on the order of 100's of meters

The Origin of Fibrous Calcite Veins: Aragonite?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Elburg, M. A.; Bons, P. D.

2005-12-01

Truly fibrous calcite veins occur mainly in carbonaceous shales and are characterised by high length:width ratios of their fibres (>10). Previous studies on their Sr isotopic geochemistry (Elburg et al., 2002: Geol. Soc. London Spec. Publ. 200, 103-118; Hilgers and Sindern, 2005: Geofluids, in press) have shown that some of the material could be derived from the local wall rock. These studies also showed that the veins were always enriched in Sr compared to the calcite in the host rocks. Aragonite can contain significantly more Sr than calcite, while it also tends to have a fibrous crystal habit. It is therefore possible that the fibrous habit of these veins, which now consist of calcite, are a reflection of their initial aragonitic mineralogy, rather than of any special tectonic regime during their formation. This idea was investigated by analysing the major and trace element geochemistry of selected fibrous and non-fibrous calcite veins from Arkaroola (northern Flinders Ranges, Australia). The fibrous vein analysed for major elements contains less than 1% MgCO3, whereas calcite in the host rock, with which it is in Sr isotopic equilibrium, contains 18% MgCO3. Calcite can contain significant Mg, whereas the aragonitic structure cannot accomodate this ion, so this result is consistent with the idea of an original aragonitic mineralogy of the veins. The fibrous veins show an enrichment in the middle rare earth elements (REE) compared to the calcite in the host rock and blocky veins. In a Post-Archean Average Shale normalised diagram, Eu is more strongly enriched compared to its neighbouring elements in the fibrous veins, but not in the host calcite, blocky veins, or in the silicate fraction of the host rock, suggesting more reducing conditions during fibrous vein formation. This data cannot be used as direct evidence for the fibrous veins' aragonitic mineralogy. It does, however, show that significant differences exist between calcite in host rocks, blocky and

Solitary Play: Some Functional Reconsiderations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Nancy V.; And Others

1974-01-01

Solitary play in six kindergarten children was observed and coded for frequency and type in order to resolve iscrepancies in a Sex Birth Order interaction. Several facts concerning solitary play as indicative of independence and maturity are noted. (Author/ED)

A survey of nutrition and health status of solitary and non-solitary elders in taiwan.

PubMed

Hsieh, Y M; Sung, T S; Wan, K S

2010-01-01

To compare the effects of living alone versus living in a group setting on the health, nutrition, personal cognition and general living function of a group of elderly Taiwanese. We also hypothesized that older adults living alone would have poorer indices of function and health than would elderly persons living in a group setting. We conducted a cross-sectional validation study of 360 men and women older than 65 y. The subjects were 120 solitary (living alone) elders and 240 were non-solitary elders. Both groups completed a series of questionnaires, including the Nutrition Screening Initiative (NSI), Mini Nutritional Assessment (MNA), Activities of Daily Living (ADLs/Barthel scales), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADLs/Lawton scales), Short Portable Mental State Questionnaire (SPMSQ), and Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS). The participants were then administered by specially trained field workers. Blood samples were taken and body mass index, and mid-arm and calf circumferences were measured. The results for each group were statistically analyzed. A p-value < 0.05 was considered significant. The nutritional and health status of the solitary elders, especially males, was poor compared to that of the non-solitary elders. In the solitary elders group, the average scores on the NSI, MNA, ADL, IADL, SPMSQ, and GDS were: 4.6, 23.7, 95.6, 7.6, 0.5, and 13%, respectively. Solitary elders, especially males, have a significantly increased risk of poor nutrition (MNA < 24), poor health status, impaired cognition, and impaired activities of daily living.

Aging and body size in solitary bees

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Solitary bees are important pollinators of crops and non-domestic plants. Osmia lignaria is a native, commercially-reared solitary bee used to maximize pollination in orchard crops. In solitary bees, adult body size is extremely variable depending on the nutritional resources available to the develo...

Fibrous-Ceramic/Aerogel Composite Insulating Tiles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

White, Susan M.; Rasky, Daniel J.

2004-01-01

Fibrous-ceramic/aerogel composite tiles have been invented to afford combinations of thermal-insulation and mechanical properties superior to those attainable by making tiles of fibrous ceramics alone or aerogels alone. These lightweight tiles can be tailored to a variety of applications that range from insulating cryogenic tanks to protecting spacecraft against re-entry heating. The advantages and disadvantages of fibrous ceramics and aerogels can be summarized as follows: Tiles made of ceramic fibers are known for mechanical strength, toughness, and machinability. Fibrous ceramic tiles are highly effective as thermal insulators in a vacuum. However, undesirably, the porosity of these materials makes them permeable by gases, so that in the presence of air or other gases, convection and gas-phase conduction contribute to the effective thermal conductivity of the tiles. Other disadvantages of the porosity and permeability of fibrous ceramic tiles arise because gases (e.g., water vapor or cryogenic gases) can condense in pores. This condensation contributes to weight, and in the case of cryogenic systems, the heat of condensation undesirably adds to the heat flowing to the objects that one seeks to keep cold. Moreover, there is a risk of explosion associated with vaporization of previously condensed gas upon reheating. Aerogels offer low permeability, low density, and low thermal conductivity, but are mechanically fragile. The basic idea of the present invention is to exploit the best features of fibrous ceramic tiles and aerogels. In a composite tile according to the invention, the fibrous ceramic serves as a matrix that mechanically supports the aerogel, while the aerogel serves as a low-conductivity, low-permeability filling that closes what would otherwise be the open pores of the fibrous ceramic. Because the aerogel eliminates or at least suppresses permeation by gas, gas-phase conduction, and convection, the thermal conductivity of such a composite even at

Diffraction-induced instability of coupled dark solitary waves.

PubMed

Assanto, Gaetano; MacNeil, J Michael L; Smyth, Noel F

2015-04-15

We report on a novel instability arising from the propagation of coupled dark solitary beams governed by coupled defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger equations. Considering dark notches on backgrounds with different wavelengths, hence different diffraction coefficients, we find that the vector dark soliton solution is unstable to radiation modes. Using perturbation theory and numerical integration, we demonstrate that the component undergoing stronger diffraction radiates away, leaving a single dark soliton in the other mode/wavelength.

Electron-acoustic solitary waves in dense quantum electron-ion plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Misra, A. P.; Shukla, P. K.; Bhowmik, C.

2007-08-15

A quantum hydrodynamic (QHD) model is used to investigate the propagation characteristics of nonlinear electron-acoustic solitary waves (EASWs) in a dense quantum plasma whose constituents are two groups of electrons: one inertial cold electrons and other inertialess hot electrons, and the stationary ions which form the neutralizing background. By using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, which governs the dynamics of EASWs, is derived in both spherical and cylindrical geometry. The effects of cold electrons and the density correlations due to quantum fluctuations on the profiles of the amplitudes and widths of the solitary structures are examinedmore » numerically. The nondimensional parameter {delta}=n{sub c0}/n{sub h0}, which is the equilibrium density ratio of the cold to hot electron component, is shown to play a vital role in the formation of both bright and dark solitons. It is also found that the angular dependence of the physical quantities and the presence of cold electrons in a quantum plasma lead to the coexistence of some new interesting novel solitary structures quite distinctive from the classical ones.« less

Progressive solitary sclerosis

PubMed Central

Kaufmann, Timothy J.; Weinshenker, Brian G.; Kantarci, Orhun H.; Schmalstieg, William F.; Paz Soldan, M. Mateo; Flanagan, Eoin P.

2016-01-01

Objective: To report patients with progressive motor impairment resulting from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion in cerebral, brainstem, or spinal cord white matter that we call progressive solitary sclerosis. Methods: Thirty patients were identified with (1) progressive motor impairment for over 1 year with a single radiologically identified CNS demyelinating lesion along corticospinal tracts, (2) absence of other demyelinating CNS lesions, and (3) no history of relapses affecting other CNS pathways. Twenty-five were followed prospectively in our multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic and 5 were identified retrospectively from our progressive MS database. Patients were excluded if an alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment was found. Multiple brain and spinal cord MRI were reviewed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical details. Results: The patients' median age was 48.5 years (range 23–71) and 15 (50%) were women. The median follow-up from symptom onset was 100 months (range 15–343 months). All had insidiously progressive upper motor neuron weakness attributable to the solitary demyelinating lesion found on MRI. Clinical presentations were hemiparesis/monoparesis (n = 24), quadriparesis (n = 5), and paraparesis (n = 1). Solitary MRI lesions involved cervical spinal cord (n = 18), cervico-medullary/brainstem region (n = 6), thoracic spinal cord (n = 4), and subcortical white matter (n = 2). CSF abnormalities consistent with MS were found in 13 of 26 (50%). Demyelinating disease was confirmed pathologically in 2 (biopsy, 1; autopsy, 1). Conclusions: Progressive solitary sclerosis results from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion. Future revisions to MS diagnostic criteria could incorporate this presentation of demyelinating disease. PMID:27638926

Consolidation and densification methods for fibrous monolith processing

DOEpatents

Sutaria, Manish P.; Rigali, Mark J.; Cipriani, Ronald A.; Artz, Gregory J.; Mulligan, Anthony C.

2006-06-20

Methods for consolidation and densification of fibrous monolith composite structures are provided. Consolidation and densification of two- and three-dimensional fibrous monolith components having complex geometries can be achieved by pressureless sintering. The fibrous monolith composites are formed from filaments having at least a first material composition generally surrounded by a second material composition. The composites are sintered at a pressure of no more than about 30 psi to provide consolidated and densified fibrous monolith composites.

Guided solitary waves.

PubMed

Miles, J

1980-04-01

Transversely periodic solitary-wave solutions of the Boussinesq equations (which govern wave propagation in a weakly dispersive, weakly nonlinear physical system) are determined. The solutions for negative dispersion (e.g., gravity waves) are singular and therefore physically unacceptable. The solutions for positive dispersion (e.g., capillary waves or magnetosonic waves in a plasma) are physically acceptable except in a limited parametric interval, in which they are complex. The two end points of this interval are associated with (two different) resonant interactions among three basic solitary waves, two of which are two-dimensional complex conjugates and the third of which is one-dimensional and real.

A reevaluation of the primary diagnosis of hemangiopericytoma and the clinical importance of differential diagnosis from solitary fibrous tumor of the central nervous system.

PubMed

Hayashi, Yutaka; Uchiyama, Naoyuki; Hayashi, Yasuhiko; Nakada, Mitsutoshi; Iwato, Masayuki; Kita, Daisuke; Higashi, Ryo; Hirota, Yuichi; Kai, Yutaka; Kuratsu, Jun-ichi; Hamada, Jun-ichiro

2009-01-01

Hemangiopericytomas (HPCs) are rare neoplasms with relatively high rates of recurrence and extracranial metastasis. Though the differential diagnoses from angiomatous meningiomas and from solitary fibrous tumors (SFTs) are both important, the latter diagnosis is somewhat more important in light of the benign prognosis of SFTs and the difficulties in distinguishing SFTs from HPCs. Newly developed immunohistochemical methods reveal differences in the specific immunohistochemical features of HPCs and SFTs. To elucidate whether SFTs have been misdiagnosed as HPCs in the past, our group used recent immunohistochemical methods to re-evaluate tissues that had been originally diagnosed as HPCs. We also compared the clinical features of these cases. Thirteen sequential cases of HPC diagnosed in Kanazawa University Hospital and Kumamoto University Hospital between 1970 and 2006 were retrospectively analyzed by immunohistochemical staining for CD34, Bcl-2, epithelial membrane antigen (EMA), vimentin, and S100 protein, and by measurement of the MIB-1 labeling index (LI). The cases were then re-evaluated and newly diagnosed based on the results of the immunohistochemical stainings. The clinical course of each case was also evaluated. Four of the 13 cases were newly diagnosed as SFTs and eight were reconfirmed as HPCs, based on the immunohistochemical studies for CD34, Bcl-2, and reticulin staining. One case was newly diagnosed as meningioma on the basis of a strong EMA positivity. The MIB-1 LI was less than 1% in 12 of the cases. In two cases, one case of HPC and the other of meningioma, the MIB-1 LI was relatively high, 8% and 4% respectively. All eight of the HPCs recurred, and 5 of the HPC patients died of the disease. Only one case of the SFTs recurred. Our study suggests that a relatively high percentage of the tumors diagnosed as HPCs in the past may have in fact been intracranial SFTs. Immunohistochemical examinations of CD34, Bcl-2, and reticulin stains are keys for the

Risk factor analysis for the recurrence of resected solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura: a 33-year experience and proposal for a scoring system.

PubMed

Tapias, Luis F; Mino-Kenudson, Mari; Lee, Hang; Wright, Cameron; Gaissert, Henning A; Wain, John C; Mathisen, Douglas J; Lanuti, Michael

2013-07-01

Surveillance after resection of solitary fibrous tumours of the pleura (SFTP) remains undefined. This study reviews our experience with surgical treatment of SFTP to determine the specific risk factors to predict recurrence. A retrospective review of 59 patients surgically treated for SFTP during the years 1977-2010 was conducted. Clinico-pathological factors for recurrence were analysed by Kaplan-Meier and Cox proportional hazard methods. The mean age was 57 ± 14 years. There were 32 (54%) men. Among 32 (54%) symptomatic patients, chest pain (22%), cough (19%) and dyspnoea (17%) were most frequent. The mean tumour size was 7.3 ± 6.7 cm, and 14 patients had SFTPs larger than 10 cm. An SFTP was pedunculated in 38 (67%) cases and had a visceral origin in 40 (68%). Paraneoplastic syndromes were observed in 3 (5%) patients. On histopathologic analysis, 4 (7%) presented ≥ 4 mitosis/10 high-power fields (HPFs), 8 (15%) atypia, 14 (24%) hypercellularity and 6 (10%) necrosis. After a mean follow-up of 8.8 ± 7.0 years, we observed 8 (14%) recurrences; median time to recurrence was 6 years (range 2-16 years). Two (3%) patients received adjuvant therapy. We constructed a predictive score for recurrence by assigning one point to each of the six variables: parietal (vs visceral) pleural origin, sessile (vs pedunculated) morphology, size >10 cm (vs <10 cm), the presence of hypercellularity, necrosis and mitotic activity ≥ 4/HPF (vs <4). A score of ≥ 3 best predicted recurrence (sensitivity: 100%, specificity: 92%, area under receiver operating characteristic curve = 0.966, P < 0.0001). With a score of ≥ 3, recurrence-free survival was 80%, 69, 23 and 23% at 3, 5, 10 and 15 years, whereas a score of <3 was 100% up to 15 years. Our scoring system was superior in predicting malignant behaviour and recurrence compared with England's criteria or de Perrot staging. The proposed scoring system is simple, easily obtained from existing pathological description and reliably

Consolidation and densification methods for fibrous monolith processing

DOEpatents

Sutaria, Manish P.; Rigali, Mark J.; Cipriani, Ronald A.; Artz, Gregory J.; Mulligan, Anthony C.

2004-05-25

Methods for consolidation and densification of fibrous monolith composite structures are provided. Consolidation and densification of two- and three-dimensional fibrous monolith components having complex geometries can be achieved by pressureless sintering. The fibrous monolith composites are formed from filaments having at least a first material composition generally surrounded by a second material composition. The composites are sintered in an inert gas or nitrogen gas at a pressure of no more than about 30 psi to provide consolidated and densified fibrous monolith composites.

Electron beam-plasma interaction and electron-acoustic solitary waves in a plasma with suprathermal electrons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Danehkar, A.

2018-06-01

Suprathermal electrons and inertial drifting electrons, so called electron beam, are crucial to the nonlinear dynamics of electrostatic solitary waves observed in several astrophysical plasmas. In this paper, the propagation of electron-acoustic solitary waves (EAWs) is investigated in a collisionless, unmagnetized plasma consisting of cool inertial background electrons, hot suprathermal electrons (modeled by a κ-type distribution), and stationary ions. The plasma is penetrated by a cool electron beam component. A linear dispersion relation is derived to describe small-amplitude wave structures that shows a weak dependence of the phase speed on the electron beam velocity and density. A (Sagdeev-type) pseudopotential approach is employed to obtain the existence domain of large-amplitude solitary waves, and investigate how their nonlinear structures depend on the kinematic and physical properties of the electron beam and the suprathermality (described by κ) of the hot electrons. The results indicate that the electron beam can largely alter the EAWs, but can only produce negative polarity solitary waves in this model. While the electron beam co-propagates with the solitary waves, the soliton existence domain (Mach number range) becomes narrower (nearly down to nil) with increasing the beam speed and the beam-to-hot electron temperature ratio, and decreasing the beam-to-cool electron density ratio in high suprathermality (low κ). It is found that the electric potential amplitude largely declines with increasing the beam speed and the beam-to-cool electron density ratio for co-propagating solitary waves, but is slightly decreased by raising the beam-to-hot electron temperature ratio.

Transversally periodic solitary gravity–capillary waves

PubMed Central

Milewski, Paul A.; Wang, Zhan

2014-01-01

When both gravity and surface tension effects are present, surface solitary water waves are known to exist in both two- and three-dimensional infinitely deep fluids. We describe here solutions bridging these two cases: travelling waves which are localized in the propagation direction and periodic in the transverse direction. These transversally periodic gravity–capillary solitary waves are found to be of either elevation or depression type, tend to plane waves below a critical transverse period and tend to solitary lumps as the transverse period tends to infinity. The waves are found numerically in a Hamiltonian system for water waves simplified by a cubic truncation of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann operator. This approximation has been proved to be very accurate for both two- and three-dimensional computations of fully localized gravity–capillary solitary waves. The stability properties of these waves are then investigated via the time evolution of perturbed wave profiles. PMID:24399922

Patient-derived solitary fibrous tumour xenografts predict high sensitivity to doxorubicin/dacarbazine combination confirmed in the clinic and highlight the potential effectiveness of trabectedin or eribulin against this tumour.

PubMed

Stacchiotti, S; Saponara, M; Frapolli, R; Tortoreto, M; Cominetti, D; Provenzano, S; Negri, T; Dagrada, G P; Gronchi, A; Colombo, C; Vincenzi, B; Badalamenti, G; Zuco, V; Renne, S L; Collini, P; Morosi, C; Dei Tos, A P; Bello, E; Pilotti, S; Casali, P G; D'Incalci, M; Zaffaroni, N

2017-05-01

Preclinical models that mimic pathological and molecular features of solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) represent an important tool to select effective regimes and novel compounds to be tested in the clinic. This study was aimed at developing two preclinical models of SFT, assessing their predictive value in the clinic and selecting potential novel effective treatments. Two dedifferentiated-SFT (D-SFT) models obtained from patients' biopsies were grown in immunodeficient mice. The antitumour activity on these models of doxorubicin, dacarbazine (DTIC), ifosfamide (monotherapy or combination), trabectedin and eribulin was tested. Twelve SFT patients were treated with doxorubicin and DTIC. Response by RECIST, progression-free survival and overall survival were retrospectively evaluated, distinguishing malignant-SFT (M-SFT) and D-SFT. Two D-SFT patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) that represent the first available preclinical in vivo models of SFT were developed and characterised. Doxorubicin/DTIC, DTIC/ifosfamide, doxorubicin/ifosfamide combinations consistently induced better antitumour activity than the single-agents. Particularly, doxorubicin/DTIC combination caused a max tumour volume inhibition >80% in both models. Doxorubicin/DTIC combo showed activity also in the case-series. Best RECIST responses were: 6 responses (M-SFT = 2 of 7, D-SFT = 4 of 5), 1 stable disease, 5 progressions, with a 6-month median progression-free survival (M-SFT = 6, D-SFT = 10 months). The PDXs were very sensitive to trabectedin and eribulin. Doxorubicin plus DTIC combination was effective in our two D-SFT mice models and appeared to be active also in the clinic, especially in high-grade D-SFT patients. Among additional drugs tested in the PDXs, trabectedin and eribulin were highly effective, providing a rational to test these drugs in D-SFT patients. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solitary pulmonary nodule

MedlinePlus

Lung cancer - solitary nodule; Infectious granuloma - pulmonary nodule; SPN ... such as aspergillosis , coccidioidomycosis , cryptococcosis , or histoplasmosis Primary lung cancer is the most common cause of cancerous (malignant) ...

Spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in Titan's atmosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Selim, M. M.

2016-03-01

Propagation of spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary waves in positive and negative ion plasmas with superthermal electrons is investigated. The effects of perturbations of the azimuthal and zenith-angle as well as the radial coordinate on the solitary wave profile are reported. The existence domains and the characteristics of the spherical solitary pulses are examined. The solitary excitations are found to be strongly dependent on the plasma parameters; the mass ratio of the positive-to-negative ions, electrons superthermality, and the spherical geometry. The role of superthermal electrons in formation of the spherical nonlinear ion-acoustic solitary excitations for two ion mass groups in Titan's upper atmosphere is investigated.

The cruel and unusual phenomenology of solitary confinement.

PubMed

Gallagher, Shaun

2014-01-01

What happens when subjects are deprived of intersubjective contact? This paper looks closely at the phenomenology and psychology of one example of that deprivation: solitary confinement. It also puts the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement to use in the legal context. Not only is there no consensus on whether solitary confinement is a "cruel and unusual punishment," there is no consensus on the definition of the term "cruel" in the use of that legal phrase. I argue that we can find a moral consensus on the meaning of "cruelty" by looking specifically at the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement.

Skull infarction in a patient with malignant fibrous histiocytoma.

PubMed

Nagle, C E; Morayati, S J; LeDuc, M A

1987-09-01

The authors describe a case of a skull infarction initially suspected to be an isolated, remote metastasis in a patient diagnosed with soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma. Osseous malignant fibrous histiocytoma has been reported to occur within a bone infarction but the presence of a benign bone infarction remote from a soft tissue malignant fibrous histiocytoma has not been reported previously. Bone infarctions and malignant fibrous histiocytomas are briefly reviewed.

Branches of electrostatic turbulence inside solitary plasma structures in the auroral ionosphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Golovchanskaya, Irina V.; Kozelov, Boris V.; Chernyshov, Alexander A.

2014-08-15

The excitation of electrostatic turbulence inside space-observed solitary structures is a central topic of this exposition. Three representative solitary structures observed in the topside auroral ionosphere as large-amplitude nonlinear signatures in the electric field and magnetic-field-aligned current on the transverse scales of ∼10{sup 2}–10{sup 3} m are evaluated by the theories of electrostatic wave generation in inhomogeneous background configurations. A quantitative analysis shows that the structures are, in general, effective in destabilizing the inhomogeneous energy-density-driven (IEDD) waves, as well as of the ion acoustic waves modified by a shear in the parallel drift of ions. It is demonstrated that the dominatingmore » branch of the electrostatic turbulence is determined by the interplay of various driving sources inside a particular solitary structure. The sources do not generally act in unison, so that their common effect may be inhibiting for excitation of electrostatic waves of a certain type. In the presence of large magnetic-field-aligned current, which is not correlated to the inhomogeneous electric field inside the structure, the ion-acoustic branch becomes dominating. In other cases, the IEDD instability is more central.« less

The cruel and unusual phenomenology of solitary confinement

PubMed Central

Gallagher, Shaun

2014-01-01

What happens when subjects are deprived of intersubjective contact? This paper looks closely at the phenomenology and psychology of one example of that deprivation: solitary confinement. It also puts the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement to use in the legal context. Not only is there no consensus on whether solitary confinement is a “cruel and unusual punishment,” there is no consensus on the definition of the term “cruel” in the use of that legal phrase. I argue that we can find a moral consensus on the meaning of “cruelty” by looking specifically at the phenomenology and psychology of solitary confinement. PMID:24971072

[Etiologic spectrum of solitary constitutional syndrome].

PubMed

Hernández Hernández, J L; Matorras Galán, P; Riancho Moral, J A; González-Macías, J

2002-07-01

To know the spectrum of diseases responsible for the solitary constitutional syndrome in our setting. This syndrome was defined as a clinical picture characterized by the presence of asthenia, anorexia, and weight loss of at least 5% of body weight in the last six months, not associated with any other symptom or sign suggesting the diagnosis of an organ or system disease. All patients diagnosed of the solitary constitutional syndrome (328) in a tertiary-care level teaching hospital between January 1991 and December 1996. Fifty-two (170) percent of patients with solitary constitutional syndrome were males and 48% (158) females. The mean age was 65.4%, ranging from 15 to 97 years. The average of the monthly estimated weight loss was 3 to 4 kilograms. A total of 115 (35%) malignant neoplasms and 5 (1.5%) benign tumors were diagnosed. The most common malignant tumors corresponded to the digestive tract (51.3% of the total malignant tumors). The second cause in frequency of the solitary constitutional syndrome corresponded to psychiatric diseases, with a total of 80 patients (24.3%). A total of 116 non-neoplastic organic diseases were detected, with digestive tract diseases --mainly peptic disease-- being the most common cause in this group. After follow-up, only in twenty cases were we unable to detect the underlying disease responsible for the syndrome. In nine of these, the solitary constitutional syndrome was self-limited. Forty-four percent of patients had at least another concomitant disease and in 24% of patients more than one associated condition was found. The most common diseases responsible for the solitary constitutional syndrome were, by decreasing frequency, malignant tumors, psychiatric disorders, and non-malignant organic diseases located in the digestive tract. A better knowledge of the etiological spectrum of this syndrome might be useful for a more efficient management of these patients.

Solitary states for coupled oscillators with inertia.

PubMed

Jaros, Patrycja; Brezetsky, Serhiy; Levchenko, Roman; Dudkowski, Dawid; Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Maistrenko, Yuri

2018-01-01

Networks of identical oscillators with inertia can display remarkable spatiotemporal patterns in which one or a few oscillators split off from the main synchronized cluster and oscillate with different averaged frequency. Such "solitary states" are impossible for the classical Kuramoto model with sinusoidal coupling. However, if inertia is introduced, these states represent a solid part of the system dynamics, where each solitary state is characterized by the number of isolated oscillators and their disposition in space. We present system parameter regions for the existence of solitary states in the case of local, non-local, and global network couplings and show that they preserve in both thermodynamic and conservative limits. We give evidence that solitary states arise in a homoclinic bifurcation of a saddle-type synchronized state and die eventually in a crisis bifurcation after essential variation of the parameters.

Solitary states for coupled oscillators with inertia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jaros, Patrycja; Brezetsky, Serhiy; Levchenko, Roman; Dudkowski, Dawid; Kapitaniak, Tomasz; Maistrenko, Yuri

2018-01-01

Networks of identical oscillators with inertia can display remarkable spatiotemporal patterns in which one or a few oscillators split off from the main synchronized cluster and oscillate with different averaged frequency. Such "solitary states" are impossible for the classical Kuramoto model with sinusoidal coupling. However, if inertia is introduced, these states represent a solid part of the system dynamics, where each solitary state is characterized by the number of isolated oscillators and their disposition in space. We present system parameter regions for the existence of solitary states in the case of local, non-local, and global network couplings and show that they preserve in both thermodynamic and conservative limits. We give evidence that solitary states arise in a homoclinic bifurcation of a saddle-type synchronized state and die eventually in a crisis bifurcation after essential variation of the parameters.

Numerical study on transient harbor oscillations induced by successive solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Junliang; Ji, Chunyan; Liu, Yingyi; Ma, Xiaojian; Gaidai, Oleg

2018-02-01

Tsunamis are traveling waves which are characterized by long wavelengths and large amplitudes close to the shore. Due to the transformation of tsunamis, undular bores have been frequently observed in the coastal zone and can be viewed as a sequence of solitary waves with different wave heights and different separation distances among them. In this article, transient harbor oscillations induced by incident successive solitary waves are first investigated. The transient oscillations are simulated by a fully nonlinear Boussinesq model, FUNWAVE-TVD. The incident successive solitary waves include double solitary waves and triple solitary waves. This paper mainly focuses on the effects of different waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves on the relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. These wave parameters include the incident wave height, the relative separation distance between adjacent crests, and the number of elementary solitary waves in the incident wave train. The relative separation distance between adjacent crests is defined as the ratio of the distance between adjacent crests in the incident wave train to the effective wavelength of the single solitary wave. Maximum oscillations inside the harbor excited by various incident waves are also discussed. For comparison, the transient oscillation excited by the single solitary wave is also considered. The harbor used in this paper is assumed to be long and narrow and has constant depth; the free surface movement inside the harbor is essentially one-dimensional. This study reveals that, for the given harbor and for the variation ranges of all the waveform parameters of the incident successive solitary waves studied in this paper, the larger incident wave heights and the smaller number of elementary solitary waves in the incident tsunami lead to a more uniform relative wave energy distribution inside the harbor. For the successive solitary waves, the larger relative separation distance

Interaction for solitary waves in coasting charged particle beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu, Shi-Wei; Hong, Xue-Ren; Shi, Yu-Ren

2014-03-15

By using the extended Poincare-Lighthill-Kuo perturbation method, the collision of solitary waves in a coasting charged particle beams is studied. The results show that the system admits a solution with two solitary waves, which move in opposite directions and can be described by two Korteweg-deVries equation in small-amplitude limit. The collision of two solitary waves is elastic, and after the interaction they preserve their original properties. Then the weak phase shift in traveling direction of collision between two solitary waves is derived explicitly.

Electrostatic solitary waves generated by beam injection in LAPD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, L.; Gekelman, W. N.; Lefebvre, B.; Kintner, P. M.; Pickett, J. S.; Pribyl, P.; Vincena, S. T.

2011-12-01

Spacecraft data have revealed that electrostatic solitary waves are ubiquitous in non-equilibrium collisionless space plasmas. These solitary waves are often the main constituents of the observed electrostatic turbulence. The ubiquitous presence of these solitary waves in space motivated laboratory studies on their generation and evolution in the Large Plasma Device (LAPD) at UCLA. In order to observe these structures, microprobes with scale sizes of order of the Debye length (30 microns) had to be built using Mems technology. A suprathermal electron beam was injected into the afterglow plasma, and solitary waves as well as nonlinear wave packets were measured. The solitary waves are interpreted as BGK electron holes based on their width, amplitude, and velocity characteristics. The ensuing turbulence, including the solitary waves and wave packets, exhibits a band dispersion relation with its central line consistent with the electrostatic whistler mode. One surprise brought by the laboratory experiments is that the electron holes were not generated through resonant two-stream instabilities, but likely through an instability due to parallel currents. The characteristics of the LAPD electron holes and those observed in space will be compared to motivate further theoretical, simulation, and experimental work.

Cystic fibrous dysplasia in the long bone.

PubMed

Bahk, Won-Jong; Kang, Yong-Koo; Rhee, Seung-Koo; Chung, Yang-Guk; Lee, An-Hee; Bahk, Yong-Whee

2007-10-01

Prominent osteolysis associated with "ground glass" density of fibrous dysplasia may indicate cystic change or sarcomatous transformation. This complication has been reported only sporadically in the long bones. This article presents clinical, radiographic, and pathologic findings, and outcome of simple curettage and bone graft observed in a series of 8 patients with prominent cystic fibrous dysplasia of the long bone. Magnetic resonance imaging features provide a basis for separation of benign cystic change from malignant transformation. However, biopsy is necessary to distinguish nonspecific cystic degeneration from secondary aneurysmal bone cyst. Simple curettage with allo-chip-bone graft is an effective treatment for cystic fibrous dysplasia.

Locally Aggressive Fibrous Dysplasia Mimicking Malign Calvarial Lesion.

PubMed

Ogul, Hayri; Keskin, Emine

2018-05-01

Fibrous dysplasia is an unusual benign bone tumor. It is divided into 3 groups as monostotic, polyostotic, and craniofacial form. The authors reported an unusual patient with fibrous dysplasia with an aggressive radiologic appearance.

Orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiguo; Qin, Yinghao; Zhao, Yan; Guo, Boling

In this paper, we consider the Kundu equation which is not a standard Hamiltonian system. The abstract orbital stability theory proposed by Grillakis et al. (1987, 1990) cannot be applied directly to study orbital stability of solitary waves for this equation. Motivated by the idea of Guo and Wu (1995), we construct three invariants of motion and use detailed spectral analysis to obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Kundu equation. Since Kundu equation is more complex than the derivative Schrödinger equation, we utilize some techniques to overcome some difficulties in this paper. It should be pointed out that the results obtained in this paper are more general than those obtained by Guo and Wu (1995). We present a sufficient condition under which solitary waves are orbitally stable for 2c+sυ<0, while Guo and Wu (1995) only considered the case 2c+sυ>0. We obtain the results on orbital stability of solitary waves for the derivative Schrödinger equation given by Colin and Ohta (2006) as a corollary in this paper. Furthermore, we obtain orbital stability of solitary waves for Chen-Lee-Lin equation and Gerdjikov-Ivanov equation, respectively.

Method for distributing chemicals through a fibrous material using low-headspace dielectric heating

DOEpatents

Banerjee, Sujit; Malcolm, Earl

2002-01-01

System and method for diffusing chemicals rapidly and evenly into and through fibrous material, such as wood. Chemicals are introduced into the fibrous material by applying the chemicals to the fibrous material. After treating the fibrous material with the chemicals, the fibrous material is maintained under low-headspace conditions. Thermal energy or dielectric heating, such as microwave or radio frequency energy, is applied to the fibrous material. As a result, the chemicals are able to distribute evenly and quickly throughout the fibrous material.

Collision of Identical Solitary Waves in Hertzian Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sen, Surajit; Manciu, Marian; Hurd, Alan J.

2000-03-01

We consider a chain of elastic beads, which repel upon contact according to the non-linear Hertz potential. We further assume that the chain is under zero loading, i.e., the grains have zero initial overlap. We show via careful numerical solution of the equations of motion that an impulse propagates as a solitary wave and that the collision of identical solitary waves propagating in opposite directions along the chain spawns a hierarchy of multiple weak solitary waves [1]. [1] M. Manciu, S. Sen and A.J. Hurd, Phys Lett A (submitted).

Heat Transfer in High-Temperature Fibrous Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran

2002-01-01

The combined radiation/conduction heat transfer in high-porosity, high-temperature fibrous insulations was investigated experimentally and numerically. The effective thermal conductivity of fibrous insulation samples was measured over the temperature range of 300-1300 K and environmental pressure range of 1.33 x 10(exp -5)-101.32 kPa. The fibrous insulation samples tested had nominal densities of 24, 48, and 72 kilograms per cubic meter and thicknesses of 13.3, 26.6 and 39.9 millimeters. Seven samples were tested such that the applied heat flux vector was aligned with local gravity vector to eliminate natural convection as a mode of heat transfer. Two samples were tested with reverse orientation to investigate natural convection effects. It was determined that for the fibrous insulation densities and thicknesses investigated no heat transfer takes place through natural convection. A finite volume numerical model was developed to solve the governing combined radiation and conduction heat transfer equations. Various methods of modeling the gas/solid conduction interaction in fibrous insulations were investigated. The radiation heat transfer was modeled using the modified two-flux approximation assuming anisotropic scattering and gray medium. A genetic-algorithm based parameter estimation technique was utilized with this model to determine the relevant radiative properties of the fibrous insulation over the temperature range of 300-1300 K. The parameter estimation was performed by least square minimization of the difference between measured and predicted values of effective thermal conductivity at a density of 24 kilograms per cubic meters and at nominal pressures of 1.33 x 10(exp -4) and 99.98 kPa. The numerical model was validated by comparison with steady-state effective thermal conductivity measurements at other densities and pressures. The numerical model was also validated by comparison with a transient thermal test simulating reentry aerodynamic heating

Solitary Wave in One-dimensional Buckyball System at Nanoscale

PubMed Central

Xu, Jun; Zheng, Bowen; Liu, Yilun

2016-01-01

We have studied the stress wave propagation in one-dimensional (1-D) nanoscopic buckyball (C60) system by molecular dynamics (MD) simulation and quantitative modeling. Simulation results have shown that solitary waves are generated and propagating in the buckyball system through impacting one buckyball at one end of the buckyball chain. We have found the solitary wave behaviors are closely dependent on the initial temperature and impacting speed of the buckyball chain. There are almost no dispersion and dissipation of the solitary waves (stationary solitary wave) for relatively low temperature and high impacting speed. While for relatively high temperature and low impacting speed the profile of the solitary waves is highly distorted and dissipated after propagating several tens of buckyballs. A phase diagram is proposed to describe the effect of the temperature and impacting speed on the solitary wave behaviors in buckyball system. In order to quantitatively describe the wave behavior in buckyball system, a simple nonlinear-spring model is established, which can describe the MD simulation results at low temperature very well. The results presented in this work may lay a solid step towards the further understanding and manipulation of stress wave propagation and impact energy mitigation at nanoscale. PMID:26891624

Finite Element Studies of Solitary Waves in Granular Chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Musson, Ryan W.

Solitary wave propagation in a monodisperse metallic granular chain was simulated using the finite element method. The model was built to address a discrepancy between numerical and experimental results from Lazaridi and Nesterenko (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 26 [3] 405-408 1985). In their work, solitary waves were generated in a chain of particles through impact of a piston, and results were quantified by comparing the chains' reactions to a rigid wall. Their numerical calculations resulted in a solitary wave with a force amplitude of 83 N, while it was measured experimentally to be 71 N. In the present work, the configuration of the granular chain and piston was duplicated from Lazaridi and Nesterenko (J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys., 26 [3] 405-408 1985). Qualitatively similar solitary waves were produced, and von Mises stress values indicated that localized plastic deformation is possible, even at low piston impact velocities. These results show that localized plastic deformation was a likely source of dissipation in experiments performed by Lazaridi and Nesterenko. Solitary wave response was investigated in the same metallic granular chain-piston system using LS-DYNA. A power-law hardening material model was used to show that localized plastic deformation is present in the metallic granular chain, even for an impact velocity of 0.5 m/s. This loss due to plastic deformation was quantified via impulse, and it was shown that the loss scales nearly linearly with impact velocity. Therefore, metallic grains may not be suitable for devices that require high amplitude solitary waves. There would be too much energy lost to plastic deformation. The response of an aluminum oxide granular chain was subsequently compared to that of a steel chain because ceramics are inherently elastic. It was shown that solitary waves travel faster and the initial peak is slightly lower when compared to a steel chain. The response of granular chains to impulse loading was investigated as a

Reflective Coating on Fibrous Insulation for Reduced Heat Transfer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hass, Derek D.; Prasad, B. Durga; Glass, David E.; Wiedemann, Karl E.

1997-01-01

Radiative heat transfer through fibrous insulation used in thermal protection systems (TPS) is significant at high temperatures (1200 C). Decreasing the radiative heat transfer through the fibrous insulation can thus have a major impact on the insulating ability of the TPS. Reflective coatings applied directly to the individual fibers in fibrous insulation should decrease the radiative heat transfer leading to an insulation with decreased effective thermal conductivity. Coatings with high infrared reflectance have been developed using sol-gel techniques. Using this technique, uniform coatings can be applied to fibrous insulation without an appreciable increase in insulation weight or density. Scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy, and ellipsometry have been performed to evaluate coating performance.

Electrospun Fibrous Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering: Viewpoints on Architecture and Fabrication.

PubMed

Jun, Indong; Han, Hyung-Seop; Edwards, James R; Jeon, Hojeong

2018-03-06

Electrospinning has been used for the fabrication of extracellular matrix (ECM)-mimicking fibrous scaffolds for several decades. Electrospun fibrous scaffolds provide nanoscale/microscale fibrous structures with interconnecting pores, resembling natural ECM in tissues, and showing a high potential to facilitate the formation of artificial functional tissues. In this review, we summarize the fundamental principles of electrospinning processes for generating complex fibrous scaffold geometries that are similar in structural complexity to the ECM of living tissues. Moreover, several approaches for the formation of three-dimensional fibrous scaffolds arranged in hierarchical structures for tissue engineering are also presented.

Fibrous Protein Structures: Hierarchy, History and Heroes.

PubMed

Squire, John M; Parry, David A D

2017-01-01

During the 1930s and 1940s the technique of X-ray diffraction was applied widely by William Astbury and his colleagues to a number of naturally-occurring fibrous materials. On the basis of the diffraction patterns obtained, he observed that the structure of each of the fibres was dominated by one of a small number of different types of molecular conformation. One group of fibres, known as the k-m-e-f group of proteins (keratin - myosin - epidermin - fibrinogen), gave rise to diffraction characteristics that became known as the α-pattern. Others, such as those from a number of silks, gave rise to a different pattern - the β-pattern, while connective tissues yielded a third unique set of diffraction characteristics. At the time of Astbury's work, the structures of these materials were unknown, though the spacings of the main X-ray reflections gave an idea of the axial repeats and the lateral packing distances. In a breakthrough in the early 1950s, the basic structures of all of these fibrous proteins were determined. It was found that the long protein chains, composed of strings of amino acids, could be folded up in a systematic manner to generate a limited number of structures that were consistent with the X-ray data. The most important of these were known as the α-helix, the β-sheet, and the collagen triple helix. These studies provided information about the basic building blocks of all proteins, both fibrous and globular. They did not, however, provide detailed information about how these molecules packed together in three-dimensions to generate the fibres found in vivo. A number of possible packing arrangements were subsequently deduced from the X-ray diffraction and other data, but it is only in the last few years, through the continued improvements of electron microscopy, that the packing details within some fibrous proteins can now be seen directly. Here we outline briefly some of the milestones in fibrous protein structure determination, the role of the

Morphogenesis of the fibrous sheath in the marsupial spermatozoon

PubMed Central

Ricci, M; Breed, WG

2005-01-01

The spermatozoon fibrous sheath contains longitudinal columns and circumferential ribs. It surrounds the axoneme of the principal piece of the mammalian sperm tail, and may be important in sperm stability and motility. Here we describe its assembly during spermiogenesis in a marsupial, the brush-tail possum, and compare its structural organization with that of eutherian mammals, birds and reptiles. Transmission electron microscopy showed that possum fibrous sheath assembly is a multistep process extending in a distal-to-proximal direction along the axoneme from steps 4 to 14 of spermiogenesis. For the most part, assembly of the longitudinal columns occurs before that of the circumferential ribs. Immunohistochemical and immunogold labelling showed that fibrous sheath proteins are first present in the spermatid cytoplasm; at least some of the proteins of the sheath precursors differ from those in the mature fibrous sheath. That immunoreactivity develops after initiation of chromatin condensation suggests that fibrous sheath proteins, or their mRNAs, are stored within the spermatid cytoplasmic lobule prior to their assembly along the axoneme. These findings are similar to those in laboratory rats, and thus suggests that the mode of fibrous sheath assembly evolved in a common ancestor over 125 million years ago, prior to the divergence of marsupial and eutherian lineages. PMID:16050902

A solitary bronchial papilloma with unusual endoscopic presentation: case study and literature review

PubMed Central

Paganin, Fabrice; Prevot, Martine; Noel, Jean Baptiste; Frejeville, Marie; Arvin-Berod, Claude; Bourdin, Arnaud

2009-01-01

Background Solitary endobronchial papillomas (SEP) are rare tumors and most of them are described by case report. A misdiagnosis is common with viral related papillomas. A histopathological classification has recently permitted a major advancement in the understanding of the disease. Case Presentation We report a case of a mixed bronchial papilloma with an unusual endoscopic presentation. The literature was extensively reviewed to ascertain the unusual characteristics of the current case. A 39-year of age male was referred to our institution for the investigation of a slight hemoptysis. Routine examination was normal. A fibroscopy revealed an unusual feature of the right main bronchus. The lesion was a plane, non-bleeding, non-glistering sub-mucosal proliferation. No enhanced coloration was noticed. Biopsies revealed a mixed solitary bronchial papilloma. In situ HPV hybridization was negative. Endoscopic treatment (electrocautery) was effective with no relapse. Conclusion This lesion contrasts with the data of the literature where papilloma were described as wart-like lesions or cauliflower tumors, with symptoms generally related to bronchial obstruction. We advise chest physicians to be cautious with unusually small swollen lesions of the bronchi that may reveal a solitary bronchial papilloma. Endoscopic imaging can significantly contribute to the difficult diagnosis of SEP by pulmonary physicians and endoscopists. PMID:19689808

Histologic changes in thyroid nodules after percutaneous ethanol injection in patients subsequently operated on due to new focal thyroid lesions.

PubMed

Pomorski, Lech; Bartos, Magdalena

2002-02-01

This paper reports macro- and microscopic changes in hyperfunctioning thyroid nodules (HTN), initially diagnosed as solitary, in patients treated with percutaneous ethanol injection (PEI). In 78 patients, benign solitary HTN were diagnosed by clinical and hormonal examination. High resolution ultrasonography confirmed the solitary nodule. The results of fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB), performed twice, ruled out malignancy of the nodule. The patients were referred for PEI treatment. At 1-year follow-up, newly formed thyroid nodules, whose volumes increased, were detected in five patients (6.4%) with HTN, initially diagnosed as solitary. Therefore, these patients were operated on. Subtotal thyroidectomy was performed. At the intraoperative macroscopic evaluation, a hard fibrous solid mass was found in place of three nodules (n1, n2, n3) following PEI treatment. The middle area of the cut surface of PEI-treated nodules (n4 and n5) in the other two patients was firm and haemorrhagic, surrounded by a fibrous mass. Histolopathologic examination of n1, n2 and n3 revealed fibrosis and hyalinosis. Examination of n4 and n5 showed haemorrhagic necrosis in the middle of the nodules surrounded by fibrous tissue.

Stable solitary waves in super dense plasmas at external magnetic fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghaani, Azam; Javidan, Kurosh; Sarbishaei, Mohsen

2015-07-01

Propagation of localized waves in a Fermi-Dirac distributed super dense matter at the presence of strong external magnetic fields is studied using the reductive perturbation method. We have shown that stable solitons can be created in such non-relativistic fluids in the presence of an external magnetic field. Such solitary waves are governed by the Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equation. Properties of solitonic solutions are studied in media with different values of background mass density and strength of magnetic field.

Fibrous minerals from Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rossi, Manuela; Nestola, Fabrizio; Ghiara, Maria R.; Capitelli, Francesco

2016-08-01

A survey on fibrous minerals coming from the densely populated area of Campania around the Somma-Vesuvius volcanic complex (Italy) was performed by means of a multi-methodological approach, based on morphological analyses, EMPA/WDS and SEM/EDS applications, and unit-cell determination through X-ray diffraction data. Such mineralogical investigation aims to provide suitable tools to the identification of fibrous natural phases, to improve the knowledge of both geochemical, petrogenetic and regional mineralogy of Somma-Vesuvius area, and to emphasize the presence of minerals with fibrous habit in all volcanic environments. The survey also fits well in the calls of health and environment of Horizon 2020 program of the European Commission (Climate Action, Environment, Resource Efficiency and Raw Materials).

Transmission and reflection of strongly nonlinear solitary waves at granular interfaces.

PubMed

Tichler, A M; Gómez, L R; Upadhyaya, N; Campman, X; Nesterenko, V F; Vitelli, V

2013-07-26

The interaction of a solitary wave with an interface formed by two strongly nonlinear noncohesive granular lattices displays rich behavior, characterized by the breakdown of continuum equations of motion in the vicinity of the interface. By treating the solitary wave as a quasiparticle with an effective mass, we construct an intuitive (energy- and linear-momentum-conserving) discrete model to predict the amplitudes of the transmitted solitary waves generated when an incident solitary-wave front, parallel to the interface, moves from a denser to a lighter granular hexagonal lattice. Our findings are corroborated with simulations. We then successfully extend this model to oblique interfaces, where we find that the angle of refraction and reflection of a solitary wave follows, below a critical value, an analogue of Snell's law in which the solitary-wave speed replaces the speed of sound, which is zero in the sonic vacuum.

Transmission and Reflection of Strongly Nonlinear Solitary Waves at Granular Interfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tichler, A. M.; Gómez, L. R.; Upadhyaya, N.; Campman, X.; Nesterenko, V. F.; Vitelli, V.

2013-07-01

The interaction of a solitary wave with an interface formed by two strongly nonlinear noncohesive granular lattices displays rich behavior, characterized by the breakdown of continuum equations of motion in the vicinity of the interface. By treating the solitary wave as a quasiparticle with an effective mass, we construct an intuitive (energy- and linear-momentum-conserving) discrete model to predict the amplitudes of the transmitted solitary waves generated when an incident solitary-wave front, parallel to the interface, moves from a denser to a lighter granular hexagonal lattice. Our findings are corroborated with simulations. We then successfully extend this model to oblique interfaces, where we find that the angle of refraction and reflection of a solitary wave follows, below a critical value, an analogue of Snell’s law in which the solitary-wave speed replaces the speed of sound, which is zero in the sonic vacuum.

Experimental evidence of solitary wave interaction in Hertzian chains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santibanez, Francisco; Munoz, Romina; Caussarieu, Aude; Job, Stéphane; Melo, Francisco

2011-08-01

We study experimentally the interaction between two solitary waves that approach one another in a linear chain of spheres interacting via the Hertz potential. When these counterpropagating waves collide, they cross each other and a phase shift in respect to the noninteracting waves is introduced as a result of the nonlinear interaction potential. This observation is well reproduced by our numerical simulations and is shown to be independent of viscoelastic dissipation at the bead contact. In addition, when the collision of equal amplitude and synchronized counterpropagating waves takes place, we observe that two secondary solitary waves emerge from the interacting region. The amplitude of the secondary solitary waves is proportional to the amplitude of incident waves. However, secondary solitary waves are stronger when the collision occurs at the middle contact in chains with an even number of beads. Although numerical simulations correctly predict the existence of these waves, experiments show that their respective amplitudes are significantly larger than predicted. We attribute this discrepancy to the rolling friction at the bead contact during solitary wave propagation.

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy in patients with a solitary kidney.

PubMed

Süelözgen, Tufan; Budak, Salih; Celik, Orcun; Yalbuzdag, Okan; Mertoglu, Oguz; Isoglu, Selcuk; Yoldas, Mehmet; Ilbey, Yusuf Ozlem

2014-12-30

The results of percutaneous nephrolithotomy applied to 716 patients in our clinic between January 2008 and January 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Age, gender, urinary calculi size (mm(2)), urinary calculi localization, ESWL history, operation duration (min), fluoroscopy duration (sec), access type, reason of solitary kidney, hemoglobin drawdown (g/dl) and operation success of the patients with a solitary kidney were recorded. The patients having no preoperative and postoperative non contrast abdominal tomography were excluded from the study. Fifteen of nineteen patients (79%) were men and 4 of them (21%) were women. The average age of the patients was 42.52 ± 16.72 (14-72). Ten patients had anatomical solitary kidney and nine patients had physiological solitary kidney. In fact counter kidney was non functional in 9 patients (47%) whereas there was agenesis in 2 (11%) and outcome of nephrectomy in 8 (42%) patients. In our study, presence of residual stone less than 4 mm at 1st month postoperative non contrast abdominal tomography was accepted as a successful result and accordingly our success rate was detected as 84%. Mean urinary calculi size was 405 ± 252.9 mm(2); urinary calculi localization was pelvic, lower pole, upper-middle pole, middle-lower pole and staghorn in 11 (58%), 4 (21%), 1 (5%), 1 (5%) and 1 (5%) patients, respectively; previous ESWL history was 16%; operation duration was 55.47-± 28.1 min and fluoroscopy duration 131.10 ± 87.6 sec; access type was subcostal in 79%, supracostal in 10.5% and multiple in 10.5%; hemoglobin drawdown was 1.75 ± 0.97 mg/dl. PNL can be effectively and safely administered for the treatment of solitary kidney. In the treatment of large urinary calculi in patients with a solitary kidney, PNL has some advantages such as short surgery duration, less complication, acceptable hemoglobin drawdown and high success rates. According to our study, PNL operation in patients with a solitary kidney is a good option for

Numerical study of interfacial solitary waves propagating under an elastic sheet

PubMed Central

Wang, Zhan; Părău, Emilian I.; Milewski, Paul A.; Vanden-Broeck, Jean-Marc

2014-01-01

Steady solitary and generalized solitary waves of a two-fluid problem where the upper layer is under a flexible elastic sheet are considered as a model for internal waves under an ice-covered ocean. The fluid consists of two layers of constant densities, separated by an interface. The elastic sheet resists bending forces and is mathematically described by a fully nonlinear thin shell model. Fully localized solitary waves are computed via a boundary integral method. Progression along the various branches of solutions shows that barotropic (i.e. surface modes) wave-packet solitary wave branches end with the free surface approaching the interface. On the other hand, the limiting configurations of long baroclinic (i.e. internal) solitary waves are characterized by an infinite broadening in the horizontal direction. Baroclinic wave-packet modes also exist for a large range of amplitudes and generalized solitary waves are computed in a case of a long internal mode in resonance with surface modes. In contrast to the pure gravity case (i.e without an elastic cover), these generalized solitary waves exhibit new Wilton-ripple-like periodic trains in the far field. PMID:25104909

Oxidative stress inhibition and oxidant activity by fibrous clays.

PubMed

Cervini-Silva, Javiera; Nieto-Camacho, Antonio; Gómez-Vidales, Virginia

2015-09-01

Fibrous clays (sepiolite, palygorskite) are produced at 1.2m tonnes per year and have a wide range of industrial applications needing to replace long-fibre length asbestos. However, information on the beneficial effects of fibrous clays on health remains scarce. This paper reports on the effect of sepiolite (Vallecas, Spain) and palygorskite (Torrejón El Rubio, Spain) on cell damage via oxidative stress (determined as the progress of lipid peroxidation, LP). The extent of LP was assessed using the Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances assay. The oxidant activity by fibrous clays was quantified using Electron-Paramagnetic Resonance. Sepiolite and palygorskite inhibited LP, whereby corresponding IC50 values were 6557±1024 and 4250±289μgmL(-1). As evidenced by dose-response experiments LP inhibition by palygorskite was surface-controlled. Fibrous clay surfaces did not stabilize HO species, except for suspensions containing 5000μgmL(-1). A strong oxidant (or weak anti-oxidant) activity favours the inhibition of LP by fibrous clays. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowman, Nicholas K.; Hoefer, M. A.; El, G. A.

2014-07-01

The free interface separating an exterior, viscous fluid from an intrusive conduit of buoyant, less viscous fluid is known to support strongly nonlinear solitary waves due to a balance between viscosity-induced dispersion and buoyancy-induced nonlinearity. The overtaking, pairwise interaction of weakly nonlinear solitary waves has been classified theoretically for the Korteweg-de Vries equation and experimentally in the context of shallow water waves, but a theoretical and experimental classification of strongly nonlinear solitary wave interactions is lacking. The interactions of large amplitude solitary waves in viscous fluid conduits, a model physical system for the study of one-dimensional, truly dissipationless, dispersive nonlinear waves, are classified. Using a combined numerical and experimental approach, three classes of nonlinear interaction behavior are identified: purely bimodal, purely unimodal, and a mixed type. The magnitude of the dispersive radiation due to solitary wave interactions is quantified numerically and observed to be beyond the sensitivity of our experiments, suggesting that conduit solitary waves behave as "physical solitons." Experimental data are shown to be in excellent agreement with numerical simulations of the reduced model. Experimental movies are available with the online version of the paper.

Unstable solitary-wave solutions of the generalized Benjamin-Bona-Mahony equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McKinney, W.R.; Restrepo, J.M.; Bona, J.L.

1994-06-01

The evolution of solitary waves of the gBBM equation is investigated computationally. The experiments confirm previously derived theoretical stability estimates and, more importantly, yield insights into their behavior. For example, highly energetic unstable solitary waves when perturbed are shown to evolve into several stable solitary waves.

Perforated Solitary Diverticulitis of the Ascending Colon

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-06-01

postoperative day 6. DISCUSSION Diverticuli of the right colon exist in approximately 1% to 5% of patients with diverticular disease .1-3 They are...ORIGINAL REPORTS Perforated Solitary Diverticulitis of the Ascending Colon CPT David S. Kauvar, MC, USA, MAJ, Jayson Aydelotte, MC, USA, and MAJ...Michael Harnisch, MC, USA Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, Fort Sam Houston, Texas KEY WORDS: solitary colon diverticulum

Enzymes in bast fibrous plant processing.

PubMed

Kozlowski, Ryszard; Batog, Jolanta; Konczewicz, Wanda; Mackiewicz-Talarczyk, Maria; Muzyczek, Malgorzata; Sedelnik, Natalia; Tanska, Bogumila

2006-05-01

The program COST Action 847 Textile Quality and Biotechnology (2000-2005) has given an excellent chance to review the possibilities of the research, aiming at development of the industrial application of enzymes for bast fibrous plant degumming and primary processing. The recent advancements in enzymatic processing of bast fibrous plants (flax, hemp, jute, ramie and alike plants) and related textiles are given. The performance of enzymes in degumming, modification of bast fibres, roving, yarn, related fabrics as well as enzymatic bonding of lignocellulosic composites is provided.

Expanding the spectrum of malignant progression in solitary fibrous tumors: a study of 8 cases with a discrete anaplastic component--is this dedifferentiated SFT?

PubMed

Mosquera, Juan-Miguel; Fletcher, Christopher D M

2009-09-01

Dedifferentiation is a well recognized, if sometimes controversial, form of tumor progression in certain types of soft tissue and bone sarcoma, and confers a worse prognosis when compared with the low-grade counterpart. To date, dedifferentiation has not been described in solitary fibrous tumor (SFT). Among 948 cases of both intrathoracic and extrathoracic SFTs in our files accessioned between 1988 and 2008, we identified 8 cases of conventional SFT with a discrete anaplastic component, which we believe represents dedifferentiation. These occurred in 3 men and 5 women, 40 to 76 years old (median 60 y), and measured 3.4 to 20.0 cm (median 8.5 cm). Two cases were intrathoracic, 2 were located in the deep soft tissue of thigh, and single cases were located in the omentum, scalp, retroperitoneum, and abdominal wall. In addition to typical features of benign-appearing SFT there was an abrupt transition to nondistinctive high-grade sarcoma in all cases. The latter included epithelioid, round cell, and/or spindle cell components with increased mitotic activity, necrosis, and cystic degeneration. By immunohistochemistry, 7 of 8 cases were CD34 positive in the usual SFT areas, whereas 5 showed loss of CD34 in the poorly differentiated component. Six of 7 cases stained for p53 and p16 showed either negative or scattered positive cells in well-differentiated SFT areas, in contrast to positive or stronger and more diffuse staining in the high-grade component. Follow-up information available in 7 patients ranged from 1 to 58 months (mean 24 mo). Three patients with the largest tumors (9.0, 17.0, and 20.0 cm) died of disease, whereas 3 patients whose tumors measured 8.0 cm or less were treated by surgical excision only, and show no evidence of disease but with only limited follow-up. One patient with an 11.5 cm intrathoracic tumor is alive with disease at 58 months after recurrence and metastasis. We describe, apparently for the first time, what seems, at least in our view, to

Electrospun poly(methyl methacrylate) fibrous mat showing piezoelectric properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nobeshima, Taiki; Ishii, Yuya; Sakai, Heisuke; Uemura, Sei; Yoshida, Manabu

2018-05-01

A piezoelectric effect, such as actuation behavior with voltage application, could be observed from a poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) fibrous mat fabricated by electrospinning. This fibrous mat increased or decreased its thickness in accordance with the polarity of the applied voltage, which appears to be an inverse piezoelectric effect. The appearance d T constant was as large as 8.5 nm/V owing to the softness of the fibrous structure, and the coupling constant K T = 0.31 indicated its efficient piezoelectric property. This piezoelectric behavior was repeatedly observed to be stable at room temperature. In addition, the polarization components of the fibrous mat, which are considered to be the origin of its piezoelectric effect, and its relaxation behavior were confirmed from the results of thermally stimulated current measurements.

Orbitotomy for retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma in a dog.

PubMed

Lassaline, Mary E; Gelatt, Kirk N; Brooks, Dennis E; Ellison, Gary W

2005-01-01

A retrobulbar malignant fibrous histiocytoma was diagnosed in a 12-year-old castrated male Keeshond dog. The mass was excised with a lateral orbitotomy and zygomatic arch resection. Vision was preserved in the affected eye, and no recurrence was noted up to 10 months postoperatively. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma originates from primitive mesenchymal stem cells. The malignant fibrous histiocytoma seen in our patient was most consistent with the storiform-pleomorphic variant, given the storiform arrangement of spindle cells, the presence of histiocytoid cells, and a mixed inflammatory infiltrate, without giant cells. The metastatic potential of malignant fibrous histiocytoma in general, and the storiform variant in particular, is unknown. Seventeen months later the dog was presented to the referring veterinarian with anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss and bilateral purulent nasal exudates. The dog was euthanized without necropsy.

Evaluation of polyacrylonitrile electrospun nano-fibrous mats as leukocyte removal filter media.

PubMed

Pourbaghi, Raha; Zarrebini, Mohammad; Semnani, Dariush; Pourazar, Abbasali; Akbari, Nahid; Shamsfar, Reihaneh

2018-07-01

Removal of leukocytes from blood products is the most effective means for elimination of undesirable side effects and prevention of possible reactions in recipients. Micro-fibrous mats are currently used for removal of leukocytes from blood. In this study, samples of electrospun nano-fibrous mats were produced. The performance of the produced electrospun nano-fibrous mats as means of leukocytes removal from fresh whole blood was both evaluated and compared with that of commercially available micro-fibrous mats. In order to produce the samples, polyacrylonitrile (PAN) nano-fibrous mats were made under different electrospinning conditions. Mean fiber diameter, pore characterization and surface roughness of the PAN nano-fibrous mats were determined using image processing technique. In order to evaluate the surface tension of the fabricated mats, water contact angle was measured. The leukocyte removal performance, erythrocytes recovery percent and hemolysis rate of the nano-fibrous mats were compared. The effectiveness of nano-fibrous mats in removing leukocyte was established using both scanning electron microscope and optical microscope. Results showed that for given weight, the fabricated nano-fibrous mats were not only more efficient but also more cost-effective than their commercial counterparts. Results confirmed that changes in mean fiber diameter, the number of layer and weight of each layer in the absence of any chemical reaction or physical surface modification, the fabricated nano-fibrous mats were able to remove 5-log of leukocytes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 1759-1769, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Phase portrait analysis of super solitary waves and flat top solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steffy, S. V.; Ghosh, S. S.

2018-06-01

The phase portrait analysis of super solitary waves has revealed a new kind of intermediate solution which defines the boundary between the two types of super solitary waves, viz., Type I and Type II. A Type I super solitary wave is known to be associated with an intermediate double layer while a Type II solution has no such association. The intermediate solution at the boundary has a flat top structure and is called a flat top solitary wave. Its characteristics resemble an amalgamation of a solitary wave and a double layer. It was found that, mathematically, such kinds of structures may emerge due to the presence of an extra nonlinearity. Although they are relatively unfamiliar in the realm of plasma physics, they have much wider applications in other physical systems.

Electrospun nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte for secondary lithium battery applications

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Padmaraj, O.; Rao, B. Nageswara; Jena, Paramananda

2014-04-24

Hybrid nanocomposite [poly(vinylidene fluoride -co- hexafluoropropylene) (PVdF-co-HFP)/magnesium aluminate (MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4})] fibrous polymer membranes were prepared by electrospinning method. The prepared pure and nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte membranes were soaked into the liquid electrolyte 1M LiPF{sub 6} in EC: DEC (1:1,v/v). XRD and SEM are used to study the structural and morphological studies of nanocomposite electrospun fibrous polymer membranes. The nanocomposite fibrous polymer electrolyte membrane with 5 wt.% of MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4} exhibits high ionic conductivity of 2.80 × 10{sup −3} S/cm at room temperature. The charge-discharge capacity of Li/LiCoO{sub 2} coin cells composed of the newly prepared nanocomposite [(16more » wt.%) PVdF-co-HFP+(5 wt.%) MgAl{sub 2}O{sub 4}] fibrous polymer electrolyte membrane was also studied and compared with commercial Celgard separator.« less

Solitary waves in a peridynamic elastic solid

DOE PAGES

Silling, Stewart A.

2016-06-23

The propagation of large amplitude nonlinear waves in a peridynamic solid is ana- lyzed. With an elastic material model that hardens in compression, sufficiently large wave pulses propagate as solitary waves whose velocity can far exceed the linear wave speed. In spite of their large velocity and amplitude, these waves leave the material they pass through with no net change in velocity and stress. They are nondissipative and nondispersive, and they travel unchanged over large distances. An approximate solution for solitary waves is derived that reproduces the main features of these waves observed in computational simulations. We demonstrate, by numericalmore » studies, that waves interact only weakly with each other when they collide. Finally, we found that wavetrains composed of many non-interacting solitary waves form and propagate under certain boundary and initial conditions.« less

Microstructure of cotton fibrous assemblies based on computed tomography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jing, Hui; Yu, Weidong

2017-12-01

This paper describes for the first time the analysis of inner microstructure of cotton fibrous assemblies using computed tomography. Microstructure parameters such as packing density, fractal dimension as well as porosity including open porosity, closed porosity and total porosity are calculated based on 2D data from computed tomography. Values of packing density and fractal dimension are stable in random oriented fibrous assemblies, and there exists a satisfactory approximate linear relationship between them. Moreover, poles analysis indicates that porosity represents the tightness of fibrous assemblies and open poles are main existence.

[Solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid gland carcinomas].

PubMed

Zivaljevic, V; Zivic, R; Diklic, A; Krgovic, K; Kalezic, N; Vekic, B; Stevanovic, D; Paunovic, I

2011-08-01

Thyroid gland carcinomas usually appear as afunctional and hypofunctional lesions on thyroid scintigrams, but some rare cases of thyroid carcinoma with scintigraphic hyperfunctional lesions have also been reported. The aim of our retrospective study was to elucidate the frequency of carcinomas in patients operated for solitary hyperfunctional thyroid nodules and to represent their demographic and clinical features. During one decade (1997/2006), 308 patients were operated for solitary hyperfunctional thyroid nodules in the Centre for Endocrine Surgery in Belgrade. Malignancy was revealed in 9 cases (about 3 %) by histopathological examination. In 6 cases papillary microcarcinomas were found adjacent to dominant hyperfunctional adenomas, while in 3 cases (about 1 %) real hyperfunctional carcinomas were confirmed. Follicular carcinoma was diagnosed in 2 cases and papillary carcinoma in one. All 3 patients were preoperatively hyperthyroid. In both patients with follicular carcinoma we performed lobectomies. In the third case we carried out a total thyroidectomy considering the intraoperative frozen section finding of a papillary carcinoma. According to our results the frequency of solitary hyperfunctioning thyroid carcinomas is about 1 %, so that the possibility that a hyperfunctional nodule is malignant should be considered in the treatment of such lesions. © Georg Thieme Verlag KG Stuttgart ˙ New York.

Determinants of impaired quality of life in patients with fibrous dysplasia.

PubMed

Majoor, Bas C J; Andela, Cornelie D; Bruggemann, Jens; van de Sande, Michiel A J; Kaptein, Ad A; Hamdy, Neveen A T; Dijkstra, P D Sander; Appelman-Dijkstra, Natasha M

2017-04-27

Fibrous dysplasia is a rare bone disorder, commonly associated with pain, deformity and fractures, which may significantly impact on quality of life. In this study we evaluate quality of life in patients with fibrous dysplasia using the Short Form-36 and the Brief Pain Inventory questionnaires. Data were compared with those of the general Dutch population. Out of 138 patients from a cohort of 255 patients with fibrous dysplasia that were sent questionnaires assessing quality of life and pain, the response rate was 70.3%, with 97 patients, predominantly female (65%), completing the questionnaires. Monostotic fibrous dysplasia was predominant (n = 62, 64%). Fibrous dysplasia patients had significantly lower quality of life outcome scores than the general Dutch population for all tested domains of the Short Form-36 except for the "Mental health" and the "Role emotional" domains. More severe forms of fibrous dysplasia, had the more severe Short-Form-36 quality of life outcomes, but there was no significant difference in Brief Pain Inventory domains between different subtypes of fibrous dysplasia. Quality of life was lower in patients with higher disease burden, as reflected by high skeletal burden scores (p = 0.003) and high levels of P1NP (p = 0.002). We demonstrate impairments in all domains of quality of life, except for 'Mental health' and 'Role emotional' domains, across the wide spectrum of fibrous dysplasia including its milder forms. We identified high skeletal burden scores, reflecting disease severity, as the most consistent predictor of impaired quality of life. Our findings hold significant clinical implications as they draw attention to the clinically unmet need to address quality of life issues in the management of patients with all subtypes of fibrous dysplasia, including its milder forms.

Fibrous microcapsules and methods of assembly and use thereof

DOEpatents

Stupp, Samuel; Rozkiewicz, Dorota

2015-01-27

The present invention relates to assembly of peptide amphiphiles and biopolymers into fibrous microcapsules, and uses thereof. In particular, the present invention provides devices, compositions, and methods for interfacial self-assembly of peptide amphiphiles and biopolyments into fibrous microcapsules, and uses thereof.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible: A rare case report

PubMed Central

Sharma, Naresh Kumar; Singh, Akhilesh Kumar; Pandey, Arun; Verma, Vishal

2015-01-01

Plasmacytoma is a monoclonal, neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells that usually arises within bone marrow or soft tissue sites. It can involve either a single bone (solitary) or multiple bones. Solitary plasmacytoma has a predisposition for the red marrow-containing axial skeleton and is most frequently seen in the thoracic vertebrae, followed by the ribs, sternum, clavicle, or scapula. Its presence in the jaws is extremely rare. We present a case of a 54-year-old female with a well-defined radiolucency of the body region of the mandible later diagnosed as solitary plasmacytoma. PMID:26668458

Numerical analysis of internal solitary wave generation around a Island in Kuroshio Current using MITgcm.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kodaira, Tsubasa; Waseda, Takuji

2013-04-01

became wider compared to the KdV solution described by Grimshaw (2002). This is predicted because higher order analytical solution for 2-layer fluids, i.e. the eKdV solution, gives broader solitary wave shape than that of the KdV solution because of the cubic nonlinear term. When we look at the surface velocity distribution, a parabolic shape corresponding to internal solitary wave is clearly seen. According to the fully nonlinear theoretical model for internal wave between two fluids having background linear shear flow profiles (Choi and Camassa1999), the shape of internal wave is influenced by the velocity shear as well. However, we could not clarify the effect of vertical shear because there is no fully nonlinear analytical solution for large amplitude internal wave in continuously stratified fluid. Second series of simulations with uniform flow going through Gaussian Bell topography show that internal solitary wave shows up from sides of the topography. This generation is similar to the one developed in lee side of sill topography by tidal flow. With broader bell topography, generated internal waves become larger. This makes sense because forcing region is wider. A horizontal shape of the internal solitary wave is not parabolic but the two bending line forms from the sides of the island. However, no solitary wave in front of the island develops. Our results imply that vertical shear profile is needed for the formation of the depression type internal solitary, and explains the parabolic bright line observed in the SAR image

Solitary-wave solutions of the Benjamin equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Albert, J.P.; Bona, J.L.; Restrepo, J.M.

1999-10-01

Considered here is a model equation put forward by Benjamin that governs approximately the evolution of waves on the interface of a two-fluid system in which surface-tension effects cannot be ignored. The principal focus is the traveling-wave solutions called solitary waves, and three aspects will be investigated. A constructive proof of the existence of these waves together with a proof of their stability is developed. Continuation methods are used to generate a scheme capable of numerically approximating these solitary waves. The computer-generated approximations reveal detailed aspects of the structure of these waves. They are symmetric about their crests, but unlikemore » the classical Korteqeg-de Vries solitary waves, they feature a finite number of oscillations. The derivation of the equation is also revisited to get an idea of whether or not these oscillatory waves might actually occur in a natural setting.« less

Solitary waves in dimer binary collision model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ahsan, Zaid; Jayaprakash, K. R.

2017-01-01

Solitary wave propagation in nonlinear diatomic (dimer) chains is a very interesting topic of research in the study of nonlinear lattices. Such waves were recently found to be supported by the essentially nonlinear granular lattice and Toda lattice. An interesting aspect of this discovery is attributed to the realization of a spectrum of the mass ratio (the only system parameter governing the dynamics) that supports the propagation of such waves corresponding to the considered interaction potential. The objective of this exposition is to explore solitary wave propagation in the dimer binary collision (BC) model. Interestingly, the dimer BC model supports solitary wave propagation at a discrete spectrum of mass ratios similar to those observed in granular and Toda dimers. Further, we report a qualitative and one-to-one correspondence between the spectrum of the mass ratio corresponding to the dimer BC model and those corresponding to granular and Toda dimer chains.

Solitary mammals provide an animal model for autism spectrum disorders.

PubMed

Reser, Jared Edward

2014-02-01

Species of solitary mammals are known to exhibit specialized, neurological adaptations that prepare them to focus working memory on food procurement and survival rather than on social interaction. Solitary and nonmonogamous mammals, which do not form strong social bonds, have been documented to exhibit behaviors and biomarkers that are similar to endophenotypes in autism. Both individuals on the autism spectrum and certain solitary mammals have been reported to be low on measures of affiliative need, bodily expressiveness, bonding and attachment, direct and shared gazing, emotional engagement, conspecific recognition, partner preference, separation distress, and social approach behavior. Solitary mammals also exhibit certain biomarkers that are characteristic of autism, including diminished oxytocin and vasopressin signaling, dysregulation of the endogenous opioid system, increased Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) activity to social encounters, and reduced HPA activity to separation and isolation. The extent of these similarities suggests that solitary mammals may offer a useful model of autism spectrum disorders and an opportunity for investigating genetic and epigenetic etiological factors. If the brain in autism can be shown to exhibit distinct homologous or homoplastic similarities to the brains of solitary animals, it will reveal that they may be central to the phenotype and should be targeted for further investigation. Research of the neurological, cellular, and molecular basis of these specializations in other mammals may provide insight for behavioral analysis, communication intervention, and psychopharmacology for autism.

Solitary Learner in Online Collaborative Learning: A Disappointing Experience?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ke, Fengfeng; Carr-Chellman, Alison

2006-01-01

Research suggests that the solitary learner's learning preferences might be a mismatch with collaborative instructional settings. A question is therefore posed: "In online learning environments that require collaboration, how do solitary learners experience their own learning?" It is important to answer this question to understand and…

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor: a report of five cases and literature review.

PubMed

Zhang, Zhicheng; Yang, Jun; Li, Mingchao; Cai, Wei; Liu, Qingquan; Wang, Tao; Guo, Xiaolin; Wang, Shaogang; Liu, Jihong; Ye, Zhangqun

2014-12-01

Paratesticular fibrous pseudotumor is a rare benign tumor that originates from intrascrotal tissue, such as tunica vaginalis, epididymis, or spermatic cord. Five cases of fibrous pseudotumor in our hospital were reviewed retrospectively, and the clinical manifestations were analyzed. Three cases of unilateral nodules, comprising one case located in the tunica vaginalis and two cases located in the epididymis, underwent local excision of the unilateral nodule. Two cases of diffuse incrassation in the tunica vaginalis underwent right radical orchiectomy. Postoperative pathological examination showed that all were fibrous pseudotumors. An average follow-up of 26 months showed uneventful results without recurrence for all patients. Fibrous pseudotumor is not a neoplasm but a reactive fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia. Definitive diagnosis requires pathological examination. Radical orchiectomy should be avoided when possible, and local excision should be performed because of the lack of obvious evidence of potential malignancy.

Malignancy in solitary solid cold thyroid nodule.

PubMed

Fariduddin, M; Amin, A H; Ahmed, M U; Karim, S S; Moslem, F; Kamal, M

2012-04-01

Solitary thyroid nodule is a common endocrine problem. The main concern of solitary thyroid nodule lies in excluding the malignancy & to operate on as few patients as possible. Other than history & clinical examination, hormone assessment, USG of thyroid gland, radionuclide scan & FNAC were used to differentiate malignant nodules from benign ones. In this study 127 cases with solitary thyroid nodule of all age group & both sexes were included from Endocrine & Thyroid clinic of BSMMU. They were clinically & biochemically euthyroid & had cold nodule on radionuclide scan. USG & FNAC were done & subsequently they underwent surgical procedure. On the basis of postoperative histopathological report the specimens were divided into benign & malignant groups. All the nodules were cold among which 104 were solid & 23 were mixed in consistency. Of the 104 solid cold nodules histopathology revealed 36(34.6%) malignant & 68(65.4%) benign cases. From the 23 mixed cold solitary nodule 5(21.7%) appeared malignant & 18(78.3%) were benign. So malignancy was higher in solid cold group than the mixed cold one but this was not statistically significant (p=0.673). FNAC was done & it revealed that 83(65.5%) cases were benign, 10(7.8%) cases were suspicious & 34(26.7%) were malignant. Finally histopathology showed 41(32.3%) cases were positive & 86(67.7%) cases were negative for malignancy.

Treatment Option Overview (Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone)

MedlinePlus

... Treatment Research Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version General Information About Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone Go to Health Professional Version Key Points Osteosarcoma ...

Self-similarity of solitary waves on inertia-dominated falling liquid films.

PubMed

Denner, Fabian; Pradas, Marc; Charogiannis, Alexandros; Markides, Christos N; van Wachem, Berend G M; Kalliadasis, Serafim

2016-03-01

We propose consistent scaling of solitary waves on inertia-dominated falling liquid films, which accurately accounts for the driving physical mechanisms and leads to a self-similar characterization of solitary waves. Direct numerical simulations of the entire two-phase system are conducted using a state-of-the-art finite volume framework for interfacial flows in an open domain that was previously validated against experimental film-flow data with excellent agreement. We present a detailed analysis of the wave shape and the dispersion of solitary waves on 34 different water films with Reynolds numbers Re=20-120 and surface tension coefficients σ=0.0512-0.072 N m(-1) on substrates with inclination angles β=19°-90°. Following a detailed analysis of these cases we formulate a consistent characterization of the shape and dispersion of solitary waves, based on a newly proposed scaling derived from the Nusselt flat film solution, that unveils a self-similarity as well as the driving mechanism of solitary waves on gravity-driven liquid films. Our results demonstrate that the shape of solitary waves, i.e., height and asymmetry of the wave, is predominantly influenced by the balance of inertia and surface tension. Furthermore, we find that the dispersion of solitary waves on the inertia-dominated falling liquid films considered in this study is governed by nonlinear effects and only driven by inertia, with surface tension and gravity having a negligible influence.

Widespread occurrence of honey bee pathogens in solitary bees.

PubMed

Ravoet, Jorgen; De Smet, Lina; Meeus, Ivan; Smagghe, Guy; Wenseleers, Tom; de Graaf, Dirk C

2014-10-01

Solitary bees and honey bees from a neighbouring apiary were screened for a broad set of putative pathogens including protists, fungi, spiroplasmas and viruses. Most sampled bees appeared to be infected with multiple parasites. Interestingly, viruses exclusively known from honey bees such as Apis mellifera Filamentous Virus and Varroa destructor Macula-like Virus were also discovered in solitary bees. A microsporidium found in Andrena vaga showed most resemblance to Nosema thomsoni. Our results suggest that bee hives represent a putative source of pathogens for other pollinators. Similarly, solitary bees may act as a reservoir of honey bee pathogens. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The Mouse Solitary Odorant Receptor Gene Promoters as Models for the Study of Odorant Receptor Gene Choice

PubMed Central

Degl'Innocenti, Andrea

2016-01-01

Background In vertebrates, several anatomical regions located within the nasal cavity mediate olfaction. Among these, the main olfactory epithelium detects most conventional odorants. Olfactory sensory neurons, provided with cilia exposed to the air, detect volatile chemicals via an extremely large family of seven-transmembrane chemoreceptors named odorant receptors. Their genes are expressed in a monogenic and monoallelic fashion: a single allele of a single odorant receptor gene is transcribed in a given mature neuron, through a still uncharacterized molecular mechanism known as odorant receptor gene choice. Aim Odorant receptor genes are typically arranged in genomic clusters, but a few are isolated (we call them solitary) from the others within a region broader than 1 Mb upstream and downstream with respect to their transcript's coordinates. The study of clustered genes is problematic, because of redundancy and ambiguities in their regulatory elements: we propose to use the solitary genes as simplified models to understand odorant receptor gene choice. Procedures Here we define number and identity of the solitary genes in the mouse genome (C57BL/6J), and assess the conservation of the solitary status in some mammalian orthologs. Furthermore, we locate their putative promoters, predict their homeodomain binding sites (commonly present in the promoters of odorant receptor genes) and compare candidate promoter sequences with those of wild-caught mice. We also provide expression data from histological sections. Results In the mouse genome there are eight intact solitary genes: Olfr19 (M12), Olfr49, Olfr266, Olfr267, Olfr370, Olfr371, Olfr466, Olfr1402; five are conserved as solitary in rat. These genes are all expressed in the main olfactory epithelium of three-day-old mice. The C57BL/6J candidate promoter of Olfr370 has considerably varied compared to its wild-type counterpart. Within the putative promoter for Olfr266 a homeodomain binding site is predicted. As a

On the interaction of small-scale linear waves with nonlinear solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Chengzhu; Stastna, Marek

2017-04-01

In the study of environmental and geophysical fluid flows, linear wave theory is well developed and its application has been considered for phenomena of various length and time scales. However, due to the nonlinear nature of fluid flows, in many cases results predicted by linear theory do not agree with observations. One of such cases is internal wave dynamics. While small-amplitude wave motion may be approximated by linear theory, large amplitude waves tend to be solitary-like. In some cases, when the wave is highly nonlinear, even weakly nonlinear theories fail to predict the wave properties correctly. We study the interaction of small-scale linear waves with nonlinear solitary waves using highly accurate pseudo spectral simulations that begin with a fully nonlinear solitary wave and a train of small-amplitude waves initialized from linear waves. The solitary wave then interacts with the linear waves through either an overtaking collision or a head-on collision. During the collision, there is a net energy transfer from the linear wave train to the solitary wave, resulting in an increase in the kinetic energy carried by the solitary wave and a phase shift of the solitary wave with respect to a freely propagating solitary wave. At the same time the linear waves are greatly reduced in amplitude. The percentage of energy transferred depends primarily on the wavelength of the linear waves. We found that after one full collision cycle, the longest waves may retain as much as 90% of the kinetic energy they had initially, while the shortest waves lose almost all of their initial energy. We also found that a head-on collision is more efficient in destroying the linear waves than an overtaking collision. On the other hand, the initial amplitude of the linear waves has very little impact on the percentage of energy that can be transferred to the solitary wave. Because of the nonlinearity of the solitary wave, these results provide us some insight into wave-mean flow

Crossing of identical solitary waves in a chain of elastic beads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manciu, Marian; Sen, Surajit; Hurd, Alan J.

2001-01-01

We consider a chain of elastic beads subjected to vanishingly weak loading conditions, i.e., the beads are barely in contact. The grains repel upon contact via the Hertz-type potential, V~δn, n>2, where δ>=0, δ being the grain-grain overlap. Our dynamical simulations build on several earlier studies by Nesterenko, Coste, and Sen and co-workers that have shown that an impulse propagates as a solitary wave of fixed spatial extent (dependent only upon n) through a chain of Hertzian beads and demonstrate, to our knowledge for the first time, that colliding solitary waves in the chain spawn a well-defined hierarchy of multiple secondary solitary waves, which is ~ 0.5% of the energy of the original solitary waves. Our findings have interesting parallels with earlier observations by Rosenau and colleagues [P. Rosenau and J. M. Hyman, Phys. Rev. Lett. 70, 564 (1993); P. Rosenau, ibid. 73, 1737 (1994); Phys. Lett. A 211, 265 (1996)] regarding colliding compactons. To the best of our knowledge, there is no formal theory that describes the dynamics associated with the formation of secondary solitary waves. Calculations suggest that the formation of secondary solitary waves may be a fundamental property of certain discrete systems.

Bulk solitary waves in elastic solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Samsonov, A. M.; Dreiden, G. V.; Semenova, I. V.; Shvartz, A. G.

2015-10-01

A short and object oriented conspectus of bulk solitary wave theory, numerical simulations and real experiments in condensed matter is given. Upon a brief description of the soliton history and development we focus on bulk solitary waves of strain, also known as waves of density and, sometimes, as elastic and/or acoustic solitons. We consider the problem of nonlinear bulk wave generation and detection in basic structural elements, rods, plates and shells, that are exhaustively studied and widely used in physics and engineering. However, it is mostly valid for linear elasticity, whereas dynamic nonlinear theory of these elements is still far from being completed. In order to show how the nonlinear waves can be used in various applications, we studied the solitary elastic wave propagation along lengthy wave guides, and remarkably small attenuation of elastic solitons was proven in physical experiments. Both theory and generation for strain soliton in a shell, however, remained unsolved problems until recently, and we consider in more details the nonlinear bulk wave propagation in a shell. We studied an axially symmetric deformation of an infinite nonlinearly elastic cylindrical shell without torsion. The problem for bulk longitudinal waves is shown to be reducible to the one equation, if a relation between transversal displacement and the longitudinal strain is found. It is found that both the 1+1D and even the 1+2D problems for long travelling waves in nonlinear solids can be reduced to the Weierstrass equation for elliptic functions, which provide the solitary wave solutions as appropriate limits. We show that the accuracy in the boundary conditions on free lateral surfaces is of crucial importance for solution, derive the only equation for longitudinal nonlinear strain wave and show, that the equation has, amongst others, a bidirectional solitary wave solution, which lead us to successful physical experiments. We observed first the compression solitary wave in the

Differential Properties of Venom Peptides and Proteins in Solitary vs. Social Hunting Wasps

PubMed Central

Lee, Si Hyeock; Baek, Ji Hyeong; Yoon, Kyungjae Andrew

2016-01-01

The primary functions of venoms from solitary and social wasps are different. Whereas most solitary wasps sting their prey to paralyze and preserve it, without killing, as the provisions for their progeny, social wasps usually sting to defend their colonies from vertebrate predators. Such distinctive venom properties of solitary and social wasps suggest that the main venom components are likely to be different depending on the wasps’ sociality. The present paper reviews venom components and properties of the Aculeata hunting wasps, with a particular emphasis on the comparative aspects of venom compositions and properties between solitary and social wasps. Common components in both solitary and social wasp venoms include hyaluronidase, phospholipase A2, metalloendopeptidase, etc. Although it has been expected that more diverse bioactive components with the functions of prey inactivation and physiology manipulation are present in solitary wasps, available studies on venom compositions of solitary wasps are simply too scarce to generalize this notion. Nevertheless, some neurotoxic peptides (e.g., pompilidotoxin and dendrotoxin-like peptide) and proteins (e.g., insulin-like peptide binding protein) appear to be specific to solitary wasp venom. In contrast, several proteins, such as venom allergen 5 protein, venom acid phosphatase, and various phospholipases, appear to be relatively more specific to social wasp venom. Finally, putative functions of main venom components and their application are also discussed. PMID:26805885

Focal fibrous hyperplasia: A review of 193 cases.

PubMed

de Santana Santos, Thiago; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo Saquete; Piva, Marta Rabello; de Souza Andrade, Emanuel Sávio

2014-09-01

Focal fibrous hyperplasia, also known as irritation or traumatic fibroma, is a reactive, inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue. The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective study of a focal fibrous hyperplasia of 18 years. We retrospectively reviewed 193 cases of focal fibrous hyperplasia of the oral cavity from the medical and histological reports of the Department of Oral Pathology, Pernambuco University, Brazil, during the period between January 1992 and December 2009. Data with regard to age, gender, location, size of the lesion (equal to or less than 1 cm, between 1 and 2 cm and greater than 2 cm), pain, history of trauma, treatment, length of follow-up (from diagnosis to release or last review) and recurrence, were collected. The most commonly affected site was the buccal mucosa (n = 119, 61.7%). Almost two-thirds of the cases were concentrated from the second to the fifth decade of life. Females were more affected than men and a history of trauma was related by 90.7% of the patients. Two recurrences were notified (1.0%). Further studies are needed on the distribution of the lesion in different ethnic and geographical populations. The influence of sex hormones on the development of focal fibrous hyperplasia must be clarified.

A call to expand regulation to all carcinogenic fibrous minerals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baumann, F.; Steele, I.; Ambrosi, J.; Carbone, M.

2013-05-01

The regulatory term "asbestos" groups only the six fibrous minerals that were commercially used among approximately 400. The carcinogenicity of these six regulated minerals has been largely demonstrated and is related to fiber structure, fiber length/diameter ratio, and bio-persistence. From a public perception, the generic term "asbestos" refers to the fibrous minerals that cause asbestosis, mesothelioma and other cancers. However, other non-regulated fibrous minerals are potentially as dangerous as the regulatory asbestos because they share similar physical and chemical properties, epidemiological studies have demonstrated their relationship with asbestos-related diseases, and both in vitro and in vivo experiments have established the toxicity of these minerals. For example, the non-regulated asbestiform winchite and richterite minerals that contaminated the vermiculite mined from Libby, Montana, (USA) were associated with mesothelioma, lung cancer and asbestosis observed among the area's residents and miners. Many other examples of non-regulated carcinogenic fibrous minerals include, but are not limited to, antigorite, arfvedsonite, balangeroite, carlosturanite, erionite, fluoro-edenite, hornblende, mordenite, palygorskite, and sepiolite. To propose a regulatory definition that would provide protection from all carcinogenic fibers, we have conducted an interdisciplinary literature review to compare the characteristics of "asbestos" and of non-regulated mineral fibers that relate to carcinogenicity. We specifically studied two non-regulated fibrous minerals that are associated with asbestos-related diseases: the serpentine antigorite and the zeolite erionite. Both examples underscore the problem of regulation based on commercial, rather than scientific principles: 1) the occurrence of fibrous antigorite in materials used to pave roads has been correlated with high mesothelioma rates in New Caledonia. Antigorite was also the cause of asbestosis in Poland, and in

Surgical Management of Polyostotic Craniofacial Fibrous Dysplasia: Long-Term Outcomes and Predictors for Postoperative Regrowth

PubMed Central

Boyce, Alison M.; Burke, Andrea; Peck, Carolee Cutler; DuFresne, Craig R.; Lee, Janice S.; Collins, Michael T.

2017-01-01

Background The mainstay of treatment for craniofacial fibrous dysplasia is surgical; however, optimal indications and techniques are poorly understood, particularly in polyostotic disease and McCune-Albright syndrome. This study investigated surgical indications and risk factors for recurrence in a large cohort. Methods One hundred thirty-three craniofacial fibrous dysplasia subjects in a natural history study were evaluated. Radiographic studies, operative reports, and clinical records were reviewed. Results Thirty-six subjects underwent 103 craniofacial procedures (mean, 2.8 operations per subject), with 13.5 ± 10.5-year follow-up (range, 0 to 39 years). The most common indication was craniofacial deformity (n = 61 operations), including 36 initial operations (59 percent) and 26 reoperations (41 percent). Mean time to reoperation was 3.4 ± 3.2 years (range, 0.3 to 13.3 years). Re-growth occurred after 42 operations (68 percent), and was more frequent after operations in subjects with McCune-Albright syndrome growth hormone excess [22 of 25 operations (88 percent)] than without growth hormone excess [15 of 36 operations (58 percent); p = 0.02]. Of 11 subjects with growth hormone excess, nine (82 percent) were undiagnosed at the time of their initial operation. Regrowth was more frequent after debulking procedures [31 of 38 (82 percent)] than after more aggressive reconstructions [nine of 20 (45 percent); p = 0.007]. Eleven subjects underwent treatment for aneurysmal bone cysts, with recurrence in one subject. Eleven subjects underwent biopsies and none had complications or regrowth. Conclusions Craniofacial fibrous dysplasia regrowth and reoperation are common, particularly after debulking procedures. Outcomes are favorable for aneurysmal bone cysts and biopsies. McCune-Albright syndrome growth hormone excess is a risk factor for regrowth, and may be underdiagnosed in surgical patients. Surgeons should be aware of appropriate screening for endocrinopathies in

Neonatal respiratory distress secondary to nasal fibrous histiocytoma.

PubMed

Koopmann, C F; Nagle, R B; Crone, R

1987-08-01

A full term one-day-old neonate developed respiratory distress secondary to a right intranasal mass. After exploratory craniotomy revealed no intracranial lesions, the child was observed for 6 months. At that time he experienced severe apnea with cyanosis necessitating removal of the mass, which was diagnosed histologically as a fibrous histiocytoma. Seven year follow-up reveals no further problems. A discussion of fibrous histiocytoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is briefly given.

Characterizing and Comparing the Friendships of Anxious-Solitary and Unsociable Preadolescents

PubMed Central

Ladd, Gary W.; Kochenderfer-Ladd, Becky; Eggum, Natalie D.; Kochel, Karen P.; McConnell, Erin M.

2012-01-01

Friendships matter for withdrawn youth because the consequences of peer isolation are severe. From a normative sample of 2,437 fifth-graders (1,245 females; M age = 10.25), a subset (n = 1364; 638 female) was classified into three groups (anxious-solitary, unsociable, comparison) and followed across a school year. Findings indicated that it was more common for unsociable than anxious-solitary children to have friends, be stably friended, and participate in multiple friendships. For withdrawn as well as non-withdrawn children, peer rejection predicted friendlessness, but this relation was strongest for anxious-solitary children. The friends of unsociable youth were more accepted by peers than those of anxious-solitary youth. The premise that friendship inhibits peer victimization was substantiated for withdrawn as well as non-withdrawn youth. PMID:21883155

Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States.

PubMed

Cloud, David H; Drucker, Ernest; Browne, Angela; Parsons, Jim

2015-01-01

The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today's supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solitary confinement in jails and prisons in accordance with established public health functions (e.g., violence prevention, health equity, surveillance, and minimizing of occupational and psychological hazards for correctional staff). Public health professionals should lead efforts to replace reliance on this overly punitive correctional policy with models based on rehabilitation and restorative justice.

Public Health and Solitary Confinement in the United States

PubMed Central

Drucker, Ernest; Browne, Angela; Parsons, Jim

2015-01-01

The history of solitary confinement in the United States stretches from the silent prisons of 200 years ago to today’s supermax prisons, mechanized panopticons that isolate tens of thousands, sometimes for decades. We examined the living conditions and characteristics of the populations in solitary confinement. As part of the growing movement for reform, public health agencies have an ethical obligation to help address the excessive use of solitary confinement in jails and prisons in accordance with established public health functions (e.g., violence prevention, health equity, surveillance, and minimizing of occupational and psychological hazards for correctional staff). Public health professionals should lead efforts to replace reliance on this overly punitive correctional policy with models based on rehabilitation and restorative justice. PMID:25393185

Prognostic value of angiogenesis in solitary bone plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Kumar, Shaji; Fonseca, Rafael; Dispenzieri, Angela; Lacy, Martha Q; Lust, John A; Wellik, Linda; Witzig, Thomas E; Gertz, Morie A; Kyle, Robert A; Greipp, Philip R; Rajkumar, S Vincent

2003-03-01

Angiogenesis plays an important role in the biology of multiple myeloma (MM) and has prognostic importance in this disease. Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized plasma cell malignancy that progresses to MM in a significant number of patients. We examined if angiogenesis is increased in solitary plasmacytoma and if it can help identify patients likely to progress to myeloma. We studied angiogenesis in plasmacytoma biopsy samples and bone marrow biopsies from 25 patients. High-grade angiogenesis was present in 64% of plasmacytomas. In contrast, bone marrow angiogenesis was low in all patients. Patients with high-grade angiogenesis in the plasmacytoma sample were more likely to progress to myeloma and had a shorter progression-free survival compared with patients with low-grade angiogenesis (P =.02). Angiogenesis is increased in solitary plasmacytoma and is a significant predictor of progression to myeloma and provides further evidence of its importance in the pathogenesis of myeloma.

Solitary plasmacytoma of the mandible - a rare entity.

PubMed

Baad, Rajendra; Kapse, Sonam C; Rathod, Nanita; Sonawane, Kishor; Thete, Sanjay Gangadhar; Kumar, M Naveen

2013-06-01

Plasma cell dyscrasias (multiple myeloma, solitary plasmocytoma of bone and extra medullary plasmocytoma) are cha¬racterized by a monoclonal neoplastic proliferation of plasma cells of which Solitary plasmocytoma of bone (SPB) is a localized form. SPB is most frequently seen in vertebrae and secondarily in long bones. Its presence in jaws is extremely rare. The malignant plasma cells express monotypic cytoplasmic immunoglobulins and plasma cell-associated antigens, with an absence of immature B-cell antigens. Here we report a unique case of plasmacytoma in the right side of mandible, a chronology for diagnosis of the lesion is also reviewed along with clinical, radiographic, histopathological and immunohistochemical evidence. How to cite this article: Baad R, Kapse S C, Rathod N, Sonawane K, Thete S G, Naveen M K. Solitary Plasmacytoma of the Mandible - A Rare Entity. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(3):97-101.

Controlling of the electromagnetic solitary waves generation in the wake of a two-color laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pan, K. Q.; Li, S. W.; Guo, L.; Yang, D.; Li, Z. C.; Zheng, C. Y.; Jiang, S. E.; Zhang, B. H.; He, X. T.

2018-05-01

Electromagnetic solitary waves generated by a two-color laser interaction with an underdense plasma are investigated. It is shown that, when the former wave packet of the two-color laser is intense enough, it will excite nonlinear wakefields and generate electron density cavities. The latter wave packets will beat with the nonlinear wakefield and generate both high-frequency and low-frequency components. When the peak density of the cavities exceeds the critical density of the low-frequency component, this part of the electromagnetic field will be trapped to generate electromagnetic solitary waves. By changing the laser and plasma parameters, we can control the wakefield generation, which will also control the generation of the solitary waves. One-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations are performed to prove the controlling of the solitary waves. The simulation results also show that solitary waves generated by higher laser intensities will become moving solitary waves. The two-dimensional particle-in-cell also shows the generation of the solitary waves. In the two-dimensional case, solitary waves are distributed in the transverse directions because of the filamentation instability.

Is percutaneous nephrolithotomy in solitary kidneys safe?

PubMed

Wong, Kathie Alexina; Sahai, Arun; Patel, Amit; Thomas, Kay; Bultitude, Matthew; Glass, Jonathan

2013-11-01

To review our experience from a high volume stone center with a focus on efficacy, safety, and renal function. Stones requiring percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in patients with solitary kidneys can pose significant anxiety to the urologist. Limited data are available in published reports in this setting. A comprehensive retrospective review of medical records was performed on patients who underwent PCNL and had a solitary kidney or a single functioning renal unit. Data were collected on patient demographics, stone burden, outcomes, complications, and renal function. Of 378 PCNLs performed between January 2003 and September 2011, 22 were performed in 17 patients with a single functioning kidney. Three procedures were performed in a transplanted kidney. In those with solitary calculus, the longest mean length and stone surface area were 37 mm and 825 mm(2), respectively. Stone-free rate was 59%. Auxiliary procedures were required in 6 cases, resulting in a stone-free rate of 77%. Median inpatient stay was 4 days. Serum creatinine values improved from 144 to 126 umol/L before and after the procedure and mean estimated glomerular filtration rate improved similarly from 51 to 59 mls/minute, respectively. Blood transfusion was required in 1 patient, sepsis developed in 3, and 2 patients required a stent for obstruction. PCNL in solitary kidneys is safe with an acceptable complication rate if performed in a high volume center. Outcomes are good, although auxiliary procedures may be necessary. Renal function remains stable or improves after procedure. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Juvenile Solitary Confinement as a Form of Child Abuse.

PubMed

Clark, Andrew B

2017-09-01

Placing incarcerated juveniles into solitary confinement continues to occur in certain states of the United States, despite the accumulating evidence that it may cause substantial psychological damage to the teenagers who must endure it. The practice has been widely condemned by professional and human rights organizations, amid a growing appreciation of the immaturity and vulnerability of the adolescent brain. Although several states and the federal government have been successful in abolishing or dramatically reducing the use of juvenile solitary confinement, it remains common practice in many facilities. Clinicians working in correctional facilities where juvenile solitary confinement is employed are therefore faced with difficult questions of ethics, as to how best to balance their competing duties, and how to respond to such state-sanctioned ill treatment of their patients. Given the emerging consensus around the psychological damage wrought by sustained solitary confinement, clinicians may well reach the difficult conclusion that they are both legally mandated and ethically bound to file a report of suspected child abuse. Such a report would be unlikely to be investigated for administrative reasons, but it would allow clinicians to communicate the gravity of their concern effectively. © 2017 American Academy of Psychiatry and the Law.

Focal fibrous hyperplasia: A review of 193 cases

PubMed Central

de Santana Santos, Thiago; Martins-Filho, Paulo Ricardo Saquete; Piva, Marta Rabello; de Souza Andrade, Emanuel Sávio

2014-01-01

Context: Focal fibrous hyperplasia, also known as irritation or traumatic fibroma, is a reactive, inflammatory hyperplastic lesion of the connective tissue. Aim: The aim of this study is to perform a retrospective study of a focal fibrous hyperplasia of 18 years. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 193 cases of focal fibrous hyperplasia of the oral cavity from the medical and histological reports of the Department of Oral Pathology, Pernambuco University, Brazil, during the period between January 1992 and December 2009. Settings and Design: Data with regard to age, gender, location, size of the lesion (equal to or less than 1 cm, between 1 and 2 cm and greater than 2 cm), pain, history of trauma, treatment, length of follow-up (from diagnosis to release or last review) and recurrence, were collected. Results: The most commonly affected site was the buccal mucosa (n = 119, 61.7%). Almost two-thirds of the cases were concentrated from the second to the fifth decade of life. Females were more affected than men and a history of trauma was related by 90.7% of the patients. Two recurrences were notified (1.0%). Conclusion: Further studies are needed on the distribution of the lesion in different ethnic and geographical populations. The influence of sex hormones on the development of focal fibrous hyperplasia must be clarified. PMID:25364187

Anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxic activity of fibrous clays.

PubMed

Cervini-Silva, Javiera; Nieto-Camacho, Antonio-; Ramírez-Apan, María Teresa; Gómez-Vidales, Virginia; Palacios, Eduardo; Montoya, Ascención; Ronquillo de Jesús, Elba

2015-05-01

Produced worldwide at 1.2m tons per year, fibrous clays are used in the production of pet litter, animal feed stuff to roof parcels, construction and rheological additives, and other applications needing to replace long-fiber length asbestos. To the authors' knowledge, however, information on the beneficial effects of fibrous clays on health remains scarce. This paper reports on the anti-inflammatory, anti-bacterial, and cytotoxic activity by sepiolite (Vallecas, Spain) and palygorskite (Torrejon El Rubio, Spain). The anti-inflammatory activity was determined using the 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) and myeloperoxidase (MPO) methods. Histological cuts were obtained for quantifying leukocytes found in the epidermis. Palygorkite and sepiolite caused edema inhibition and migration of neutrophils ca. 68.64 and 45.54%, and 80 and 65%, respectively. Fibrous clays yielded high rates of infiltration, explained by cleavage of polysomes and exposure of silanol groups. Also, fibrous clays showed high inhibition of myeloperoxidase contents shortly after exposure, but decreased sharply afterwards. In contrast, tubular clays caused an increasing inhibition of myeloperoxidase with time. Thus, clay structure restricted the kinetics and mechanism of myeloperoxidase inhibition. Fibrous clays were screened in vitro against human cancer cell lines. Cytotoxicity was determined using the protein-binding dye sulforhodamine B (SRB). Exposing cancer human cells to sepiolite or palygorskite showed growth inhibition varying with cell line. This study shows that fibrous clays served as an effective anti-inflammatory, limited by chemical transfer and cellular-level signals responding exclusively to an early exposure to clay, and cell viability decreasing significantly only after exposure to high concentrations of sepiolite. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Primary Hepatic Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma on PET/CT.

PubMed

Liu, Yachao; Xu, Baixuan

2018-06-01

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma is mainly presented in extremities, less commonly in posterior peritoneum, but primary presented in liver is very rare and often with a poor prognosis because of its high aggression. The features of clinical presentations and images are variable and the pre-operative diagnosis is difficult. Here, we report a primary hepatic malignant fibrous histiocytoma patient with no distant metastasis showed on pre-operative F-FDG PET/CT, however with many metastases showed on the post-operative F-FDG PET/CT.

Lower Hybrid Solitary Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Schuck, Peter W.

2011-01-01

Lower hybrid solitary structures (LHSS) have been observed by sounding rockets in the auroral ionosphere for over a decade and a half. LHSS are spatial structures embedded in space plasmas containing ambient whistler mode hiss. They are characterized by a density depletion of a few percent to several tens of percent in which electric fields near, both above and below, the lower hybrid resonance are more intense than the background fields by a factor of three to five. LHSS have dimensions across the magnetic field of a few to many thermal ion gyroradii, usually 10-100 meters and a density profile that is Gaussian and consistent with cylindrical symmetry. Along the magnetic field the dimensions are estimated to be several kilometers to several hundred kilometers. Electric field interferometry reveals that the phase fronts of LHSS electric fields rotate azimuthally within the density depletions; right-hand above the lower hybrid resonance and left-hand below the lower hybrid resonance [Pincon et al., 1997; Schuck et al., 1998; Bonnell et al., 1998; Tjulin et al., 2003; Schuck et al., 2003]. The description of this phenomena was driven by the observations the Cornell University sounding rocket program headed by the late Paul Kintner.

Microbial nature of fibrous kerite of Volyn

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gorlenko, Vladimir M.; Zhmur, Stanislav I.; Duda, Vitalii I.; Osipov, George A.; Suzina, Natalia; Dmitriev, Vladimir V.

1999-12-01

For the last few years there have been a lot of publications in geological literature on the problem of formation of morphologically unique fine fibrous kerites, found in one of the objects of kamera pegmatites of Volyn (1800 - 1750 mln. years). According to the opinion of all researchers who deal with them, they are an excellent example of a biogenic, highly constructive carbon substance. The meeting of objectives set was carried out by means of the study of ultra-thin section and replicas of kerite cryofractures under high resolution electronic microscope. The similarity of fine structured fibrous kerite of Volyn (KV) to prokaryotic microorganisms is proved by availability in KV of clearly exposed cellular ultrastructures: multilayered cell wall, cross septa and cytoplasmatic membrane and `intracytoplasmic' inclusions. Fatty acids obtained from kerites contain a number of components typical of prokaryotic microbial community. Suggestions were made on the formation of fibrous Volyn's kerites as a result of mummification of the cyanobacterial mat components from freshwater thermal spring of moderate temperature. Thus, the detailed fine structure of microfossils and their fatty acid composition can be used to support evidence of biogenic origin of the bacteriomorphic elements in paleo- and space objects.

Controlled formation and reflection of a bright solitary matter-wave

PubMed Central

Marchant, A. L.; Billam, T. P.; Wiles, T. P.; Yu, M. M. H.; Gardiner, S. A.; Cornish, S. L.

2013-01-01

Bright solitons are non-dispersive wave solutions, arising in a diverse range of nonlinear, one-dimensional systems, including atomic Bose–Einstein condensates with attractive interactions. In reality, cold-atom experiments can only approach the idealized one-dimensional limit necessary for the realization of true solitons. Nevertheless, it remains possible to create bright solitary waves, the three-dimensional analogue of solitons, which maintain many of the key properties of their one-dimensional counterparts. Such solitary waves offer many potential applications and provide a rich testing ground for theoretical treatments of many-body quantum systems. Here we report the controlled formation of a bright solitary matter-wave from a Bose–Einstein condensate of 85Rb, which is observed to propagate over a distance of ∼1.1 mm in 150 ms with no observable dispersion. We demonstrate the reflection of a solitary wave from a repulsive Gaussian barrier and contrast this to the case of a repulsive condensate, in both cases finding excellent agreement with theoretical simulations using the three-dimensional Gross–Pitaevskii equation. PMID:23673650

Direct Numerical Simulation of Liquid Transport Through Fibrous Porous Media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palakurthi, Nikhil Kumar

Fluid flow through fibrous media occurs in many industrial processes, including, but not limited, to fuel cell technology, drug delivery patches, sanitary products, textile reinforcement, filtration, heat exchangers, and performance fabrics. Understanding the physical processes involved in fluid flow through fibrous media is essential for their characterization as well as for the optimization and development of new products. Macroscopic porous-media equations require constitutive relations, which account for the physical processes occurring at the micro-scale, to predict liquid transport at the macro-scale. In this study, micro-scale simulations were conducted using conventional computational fluid dynamics (CFD) technique (finite-volume method) to determine the macroscopic constitutive relations. The first part of this thesis deals with the single-phase flow in fibrous media, following which multi-phase flow through fibrous media was studied. Darcy permeability is an important parameter that characterizes creeping flow through a fibrous porous medium. It has a complex dependence on the medium's properties such as fibers' in-plane and through-plane orientation, diameter, aspect ratio, curvature, and porosity. A suite of 3D virtual fibrous structures with a wide range of geometric properties were constructed, and the permeability values of the structures were calculated by solving the 3D incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. The through-plane permeability was found to be a function of only the fiber diameter, the fibers' through-plane orientation, and the porosity of the medium. The numerical results were used to extend a permeability-porosity relation, developed in literature for 3D isotropic fibrous media, to a wide range of fibers' through-plane orientations. In applications where rate of capillary penetration is important, characterization of porous media usually involves determination of either the effective pore radius from capillary penetration experiments

Inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma presenting leukemoid reaction.

PubMed

Takahashi, K; Kimura, Y; Naito, M; Yoshimura, T; Uchida, H; Araki, S

1989-05-01

A case of inflammatory fibrous histiocytoma presenting leukemoid reaction is reported. A tumor had developed at the right scapular region 10 years ago and recurred twice with fever and leukocytosis, and finally with leukemoid reaction. Besides the histopathological features typical of malignant fibrous histiocytoma, this tumor showed prominent and diffuse infiltration of neutrophilic leukocytes. Hematologic examination of the bone marrow aspirates disclosed myeloid hyperplasia. Bacteriological examination revealed no pathogenic microorganisms in the tumor tissue. Chemotactic activity of the neutrophilic leukocytes was demonstrated in the extract obtained from the tumor, and subcutaneous injection of the extract into rats induced myeloid hyperplasia in the bone marrow and neutrophil infiltration in the liver and spleen of the animals. These results suggest the possibility of the case as a colony-stimulating factor-producing tumor.

Highly-Effective Purification of Air on the Fibrous Filtering Nozzles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galtseva, O. V.; Bordunov, S. V.; Torgaev, S. N.

2016-02-01

A series of experiments by air purification on fibrous filtering nozzles was made. It is experimentally shown that the fibrous filter can operate in a wide rate range. The degree of trapping of fine aerosols of glass was 99% at a linear rate of 0.01 m/s. the degree of capture decreased to 85% at the increasing of filtration rate up to 0.06 m/s. Dustiness of the air ranged from 3 to 5 g/m3 at the course of the experiment. Hydraulic resistance changed from 5 to 25 mm of water column. The calculated data of resistance and falling of pressure on fibrous filters are given; these data were received on the equations from various sources in comparison with experimentally obtained data. According to the results of series of experiments the amendment of the well-known Fuchsian equation is calculated for calculation of the resistance of fibrous air filter. This amendment considers a form and defects of surface of the fibers received by centrifugal-spinneret method.

Cylindrical ion-acoustic solitary waves in electronegative plasmas with superthermal electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Eslami, Parvin; Mottaghizadeh, Marzieh

2012-06-15

By using the standard reductive perturbation technique, a three-dimensional cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation (CKPE), which governs the dynamics of ion acoustic solitary waves (IASWs), is derived for small but finite amplitude ion-acoustic waves in cylindrical geometry in a collisionless unmagnetized plasma with kappa distributed electrons, thermal positrons, and cold ions. The generalized expansion method is used to solve analytically the CKPE. The existence regions of localized pulses are investigated. It is found that the solution of the CKPE supports only compressive solitary waves. Furthermore, the effects of superthermal electrons, the ratio of the electron temperature to positron temperature, the ratio ofmore » the positron density to electron density and direction cosine of the wave propagation on the profiles of the amplitudes, and widths of the solitary structures are examined numerically. It is shown these parameters play a vital role in the formation of ion acoustic solitary waves.« less

Radiotherapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytoma.

PubMed

Jyothirmayi, R; Gangadharan, V P; Nair, M K; Rajan, B

1997-05-01

Solitary plasmacytoma of bone (SPB) and extramedullary plasmacytoma (EMP) are rare. High local control rates are reported with radiotherapy, although the optimal dose and extent of radiotherapy portals remains controversial. Between 1983 and 1993, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytoma were seen at the Regional Cancer Centre, Trivandrum, India. 23 patients had SPB and seven EMP. The mean age was 52 years and the male to female ratio 3.2:1. Diagnosis of SPB was confirmed by biopsy in 16 patients and tumour excision in seven. 20 patients received megavoltage radiotherapy to the bone lesion with limited margins, and one received chemotherapy. Two patients who underwent complete tumour excision received no further treatment. All seven patients with EMP received megavoltage radiotherapy, four following biopsy and three after tumour excision. Local control was achieved in all patients with SPB. Nine progressed to multiple myeloma and one developed a solitary plasmacytoma in another bone. Six patients with EMP achieved local control. Three later progressed to multiple myeloma and one had local relapse. Median time to relapse was 28 months in SPB and 30 months in EMP. 5-year overall survival rates were 82% and 57% for patients with SPB and EMP, respectively. The corresponding progression free survival rates were 55% and 50%, respectively. Age, sex, site of tumour, serum M protein and haemoglobin levels did not significantly influence progression free survival. The extent of surgery, radiotherapy dose or time to relapse were not significant prognostic factors. Radiotherapy appears to be an effective modality of treatment of solitary plasmacytoma. No dose-response relationship is observed, and high local control rates are achieved with limited portals. Progression to multiple myeloma is the commonest pattern of failure, although no prognostic factors for progression are identified. The role of chemotherapy in preventing disease progression needs further evaluation.

Congenital solitary intestinal fibromatosis.

PubMed

Numanoglu, A; Davies, J; Millar, A J W; Rode, H

2002-10-01

Neonatal intestinal obstruction due to a tumour is rare. We report a six-day-old male neonate who presented with abdominal distension and vomiting. Laparotomy revealed colonic obstruction caused by a stenosing fibrotic lesion in the proximal transverse colon. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen confirmed fibromatosis. We believe this represents the third reported case of solitary colonic fibromatosis. The literature on neonatal intestinal fibromatosis is reviewed.

Natural triple beta-stranded fibrous folds.

PubMed

Mitraki, Anna; Papanikolopoulou, Katerina; Van Raaij, Mark J

2006-01-01

A distinctive family of beta-structured folds has recently been described for fibrous proteins from viruses. Virus fibers are usually involved in specific host-cell recognition. They are asymmetric homotrimeric proteins consisting of an N-terminal virus-binding tail, a central shaft or stalk domain, and a C-terminal globular receptor-binding domain. Often they are entirely or nearly entirely composed of beta-structure. Apart from their biological relevance and possible gene therapy applications, their shape, stability, and rigidity suggest they may be useful as blueprints for biomechanical design. Folding and unfolding studies suggest their globular C-terminal domain may fold first, followed by a "zipping-up" of the shaft domains. The C-terminal domains appear to be important for registration because peptides corresponding to shaft domains alone aggregate into nonnative fibers and/or amyloid structures. C-terminal domains can be exchanged between different fibers and the resulting chimeric proteins are useful as a way to solve structures of unknown parts of the shaft domains. The following natural triple beta-stranded fibrous folds have been discovered by X-ray crystallography: the triple beta-spiral, triple beta-helix, and T4 short tail fiber fold. All have a central longitudinal hydrophobic core and extensive intermonomer polar and nonpolar interactions. Now that a reasonable body of structural and folding knowledge has been assembled about these fibrous proteins, the next challenge and opportunity is to start using this information in medical and industrial applications such as gene therapy and nanotechnology.

Obliquely Incident Solitary Wave onto a Vertical Wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yeh, Harry

2012-10-01

When a solitary wave impinges obliquely onto a reflective vertical wall, it can take the formation of a Mach reflection (a geometrically similar reflection from acoustics). The mathematical theory predicts that the wave at the reflection can amplify not twice, but as high as four times the incident wave amplitude. Nevertheless, this theoretical four-fold amplification has not been verified by numerical or laboratory experiments. We discuss the discrepancies between the theory and the experiments; then, improve the theory with higher-order corrections. The modified theory results in substantial improvement and is now in good agreement with the numerical as well as our laboratory results. Our laboratory experiments indicate that the wave amplitude along the reflective wall can reach 0.91 times the quiescent water depth, which is higher than the maximum of a freely propagating solitary wave. Hence, this maximum runup 0.91 h would be possible even if the amplitude of the incident solitary wave were as small as 0.24 h. This wave behavior could provide an explanation for local variability of tsunami runup as well as for sneaker waves.

Clinical and radiographic features of solitary and cemento-osseous dysplasia-associated simple bone cysts.

PubMed

Chadwick, J W; Alsufyani, N A; Lam, E W N

2011-05-01

The simple bone cyst (SBC) is a pseudocyst that can occur as a solitary entity in the jaws or may occur in association with cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD). The purpose of this study was to review the clinical and radiographic features of solitary and COD-associated SBCs. Archived imaging reports from the Special Procedures Clinic in Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at the Faculty of Dentistry at the University of Toronto between 1 January 1989 and 31 December 2009 revealed 23 COD-associated SBCs and 68 solitary SBCs. Almost all solitary and COD-associated SBCs were found in the mandible. Furthermore, 87.0% of COD-associated SBCs were found in females in their fifth decade of life (P < 0.001) while solitary SBCs were found in equal numbers in both sexes in their second decade of life (P < 0.005). COD-associated SBCs were also more likely to cause thinning of the endosteal cortex, bone expansion and scalloping of the superior border between teeth (all P < 0.001) than solitary SBCs that are classically described as having these characteristics. Finally, COD-associated SBC demonstrated a loss of lamina dura more often (P < 0.05) than solitary SBCs. Knowledge of the sporadic association between COD and SBC and their potential radiographic appearances should prevent inappropriate treatment and management of these patients.

Preparation of poly(ethylene glycol)/polylactide hybrid fibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

PubMed

Ni, PeiYan; Fu, ShaoZhi; Fan, Min; Guo, Gang; Shi, Shuai; Peng, JinRong; Luo, Feng; Qian, ZhiYong

2011-01-01

Polylactide (PLA) electrospun fibers have been reported as a scaffold for bone tissue engineering application, however, the great hydrophobicity limits its broad application. In this study, the hybrid amphiphilic poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)/hydrophobic PLA fibrous scaffolds exhibited improved morphology with regular and continuous fibers compared to corresponding blank PLA fiber mats. The prepared PEG/PLA fibrous scaffolds favored mesenchymal stem cell (MSC) attachment and proliferation by providing an interconnected porous extracellular environment. Meanwhile, MSCs can penetrate into the fibrous scaffold through the interstitial pores and integrate well with the surrounding fibers, which is very important for favorable application in tissue engineering. More importantly, the electrospun hybrid PEG/PLA fibrous scaffolds can enhance MSCs to differentiate into bone-associated cells by comprehensively evaluating the representative markers of the osteogenic procedure with messenger ribonucleic acid quantitation and protein analysis. MSCs on the PEG/PLA fibrous scaffolds presented better differentiation potential with higher messenger ribonucleic acid expression of the earliest osteogenic marker Cbfa-1 and mid-stage osteogenic marker Col I. The significantly higher alkaline phosphatase activity of the PEG/PLA fibrous scaffolds indicated that these can enhance the differentiation of MSCs into osteoblast-like cells. Furthermore, the higher messenger ribonucleic acid level of the late osteogenic differentiation markers OCN (osteocalcin) and OPN (osteopontin), accompanied by the positive Alizarin red S staining, showed better maturation of osteogenic induction on the PEG/PLA fibrous scaffolds at the mineralization stage of differentiation. After transplantation into the thigh muscle pouches of rats, and evaluating the inflammatory cells surrounding the scaffolds and the physiological characteristics of the surrounding tissues, the PEG/PLA scaffolds presented good

Robust hydrophobic polyurethane fibrous membranes with tunable porous structure for waterproof and breathable application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Jiatai; Gu, Haihong; Cao, Jin; Chen, Shaojie; Li, Ni; Xiong, Jie

2018-05-01

In this work, novel nanofibrous membranes with waterproof and breathable (W&B) performance were successfully fabricated by the combination of electrospinning and surface modification technology. This fibrous membranes consisted of polyurethane (PU), NaCl, and fluoroalkylsilane (FAS). Firstly, The fibrous construction and porous structure of fibrous membranes were regulated by tuning the NaCl concentrations in PU solutions. Then, the obtained PU/NaCl fibrous membranes were further modified with fluoroalkylsilane (FAS) to improve hydrophobic property. The synergistic effect of porous structure and hydrophobicity on waterproof and breathable performance was investigated. Furthermore, the mechanical property of fibrous membranes was deeply analysed on the basis of macromolecule orientation and adhesive structure. Benefiting from the optimized porous structure and hydrophobic modification, the resultant fibrous membranes exhibited excellent waterproof (hydrostatic pressure of 1261 Mbar), breathable (water vapor transmission (WVT) rate of 9.06 kg m-2 d-1 and air permeability of 4.8 mm s-1) performance, as well as high tensile strength (breakage stress of 10.4 MPa), suggesting a promising candidate for various applications, especially in protective clothing.

Trace-element patterns of fibrous and monocrystalline diamonds: Insights into mantle fluids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rege, S.; Griffin, W. L.; Pearson, N. J.; Araujo, D.; Zedgenizov, D.; O'Reilly, S. Y.

2010-08-01

During their growth diamonds may trap micron-scale inclusions of the fluids from which they grew, and these "time capsules" provide insights into the metasomatic processes that have modified the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. LAM-ICPMS analysis of trace elements in > 500 fibrous and monocrystalline diamonds worldwide has been used to understand the nature of these fluids. Analyses of fibrous diamonds define two general types of pattern, a "fibrous-high" (FH) one with high contents of LREE, Ba and K, and a "fibrous-low" (FL) pattern characterized by depletion in LREE/MREE, Ba and K, negative anomalies in Sr and Y, and subchondritic Zr/Hf and Nb/Ta. Both types may be found in fibrous diamonds from single deposits, and in three Yakutian pipes some diamonds show abrupt transitions from inclusion-rich cores with FH patterns to clearer rims with FL patterns. Most monocrystalline diamonds show FL-type patterns, but some have patterns that resemble those of FH fibrous diamonds. Peridotitic and eclogitic monocrystalline diamonds may show either patterns with relatively flat REE, or patterns with more strongly depleted LREE. Kimberlites that contain peridotitic diamonds with "high" patterns also contain eclogitic diamonds with "high" patterns. Strong similarities in the patterns of these two groups of diamonds may suggest high fluid/rock ratios. Many diamonds of the "superdeep" paragenesis have trace-element patterns similar to those of other monocrystalline diamonds. This may be evidence that the trace-element compositions of deep-seated fluids are generally similar to those that form diamonds in the subcontinental lithospheric mantle. The element fractionations observed between the FH and FL patterns are consistent with the immiscible separation of a silicic fluid from a carbonatite-silicate fluid, leaving a residual carbonatitic fluid strongly enriched in LREE, Ba and alkalies. This model would suggest that most monocrystalline diamonds crystallized from the more

Beta-structures in fibrous proteins.

PubMed

Kajava, Andrey V; Squire, John M; Parry, David A D

2006-01-01

The beta-form of protein folding, one of the earliest protein structures to be defined, was originally observed in studies of silks. It was then seen in early studies of synthetic polypeptides and, of course, is now known to be present in a variety of guises as an essential component of globular protein structures. However, in the last decade or so it has become clear that the beta-conformation of chains is present not only in many of the amyloid structures associated with, for example, Alzheimer's Disease, but also in the prion structures associated with the spongiform encephalopathies. Furthermore, X-ray crystallography studies have revealed the high incidence of the beta-fibrous proteins among virulence factors of pathogenic bacteria and viruses. Here we describe the basic forms of the beta-fold, summarize the many different new forms of beta-structural fibrous arrangements that have been discovered, and review advances in structural studies of amyloid and prion fibrils. These and other issues are described in detail in later chapters.

Composite fibrous glaucoma drainage implant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klapstova, A.; Horakova, J.; Shynkarenko, A.; Lukas, D.

2017-10-01

Glaucoma is a frequent reason of loss vision. It is usually caused by increased intraocular pressure leading to damage of optic nerve head. This work deals with the development of fibrous structure suitable for glaucoma drainage implants (GDI). Commercially produced metallic glaucoma implants are very effective in lowering intraocular pressure. However, these implants may cause adverse events such as damage to adjacent tissue, fibrosis, hypotony or many others [1]. The aim of this study is to reduce undesirable properties of currently produced drains and improve their properties by creating of the composite fibrous drain for achieve a normal intraocular pressure. Two types of electrospinning technologies were used for the production of very small tubular implants. First type was focused for production of outer part of tubular drain and the second type of electrospinning method made the inner part of shape follows the connections of both parts. Complete implant had a special properties suitable for drainage of fluid. Morphological parameters, liquid transport tests and in-vitro cell adhesion tests were detected.

Differential expression of estrogen receptor α and β isoforms in multiple and solitary leiomyomas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shao, Ruyue; Fang, Liaoqiong; Xing, Ruoxi

Uterine leiomyomas are benign myometrial neoplasms that function as one of the common indications for hysterectomy. Clinical and biological evidences indicate that uterine leiomyomas are estrogen-dependent. Estrogen stimulates cell proliferation through binding to the estrogen receptor (ER), of which both subtypes α and β are present in leiomyomas. Clinically, leiomyomas may be singular or multiple, where the first one is rarely recurring if removed and the latter associated to a relatively young age or genetic predisposition. These markedly different clinical phenotypes indicate that there may different mechanism causing a similar smooth muscle response. To investigate the relative expression of ERαmore » and ERβ in multiple and solitary uterine leiomyomas, we collected samples from 35 Chinese women (multiple leiomyomas n = 20, solitary leiomyoma n = 15) undergoing surgery to remove uterine leiomyomas. ELISA assay was performed to detect estrogen(E{sub 2}) concentration. Quantitative real-time PCR analysis was performed to detect ERα and ERβ mRNA expression. Western blot and immunohistochemical analysis were performed to detect ERα and ERβ protein expression. We found that ERα mRNA and protein levels of in multiple leiomyomas were significantly lower than those of solitary leiomyomas, whereas ERβ mRNA and protein levels in multiple leiomyomas were significantly higher than those in solitary leiomyomas, irrespectively of the menstrual cycle stage. In both multiple and solitary leiomyomas, ERα expression was higher than that of ERβ. E{sub 2} concentration in multiple and solitary leiomyomas correlated with that of ERα expression. ERα was present in nuclus and cytoplasma while estrogen receptor β localized only in nuclei in both multiple and solitary leiomyomas. Our findings suggest that the difference of ERα and ERβ expression between multiple and solitary leiomyomas may be responsible for the course of the disease subtypes. - Highlights: �

Solitary cannabis use in adolescence as a correlate and predictor of cannabis problems.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B; Martin, Christopher S

2015-11-01

Most adolescent cannabis use occurs in social settings among peers. Solitary cannabis use during adolescence may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior with important implications for understanding risk for cannabis problems. This longitudinal study examined associations of adolescent solitary cannabis use with levels of cannabis use and problems in adolescence and in young adulthood. Cannabis using-adolescents aged 12-18 were recruited from clinical programs (n=354; 43.8% female; 83.3% Caucasian) and community sources (n=93; 52.7% female; 80.6% Caucasian). Participants reported on cannabis use patterns and diagnostic symptoms at baseline and multiple follow-ups into young adulthood. Compared to social-only users, adolescent solitary cannabis users were more likely to be male and reported more frequent cannabis use and more DSM-IV cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptoms. Regression analyses showed that solitary cannabis use in adolescence predicted CUD symptom counts in young adulthood (age 25) after controlling for demographic variables and the frequency of adolescent cannabis use. However, solitary adolescent cannabis use was no longer predictive of age 25 CUD symptoms after additionally controlling for adolescent CUD symptoms. Solitary cannabis use is associated with greater cannabis use and problems during adolescence, but evidence is mixed that it predicts young adult cannabis problems. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

3D-micro-patterned fibrous dosage forms for immediate drug release.

PubMed

Blaesi, Aron H; Saka, Nannaji

2018-03-01

At present, the most prevalent pharmaceutical dosage forms, the orally-delivered immediate-release tablets and capsules, are porous, granular solids. They disintegrate into their constituent particulates upon ingestion to release drug rapidly. The design, development, and manufacture of such granular solids, however, is inefficient due to difficulties associated with the unpredictable inter-particle interactions. Therefore, to achieve more predictable dosage form properties and processing, we have recently introduced melt-processed polymeric cellular dosage forms. The cellular forms disintegrated and released drug rapidly if the cells were predominantly interconnected. Preparation of interconnected cells, however, relies on the coalescence of gas bubbles in the melt, which is unpredictable. In the present work, therefore, new melt-processed fibrous dosage forms with contiguous void space are presented. The dosage forms are prepared by melt extrusion of the drug-excipient mixture followed by patterning the fibrous extrudate on a moving surface. It is demonstrated that the resulting fibrous structures are fully predictable by the extruder nozzle diameter and the motion of the surface. Furthermore, drug release experiments show that the disintegration time of the fibrous forms prepared in this work is of the order of that of the corresponding single fibers. The thin fibers of polyethylene glycol (excipient) and acetaminophen (drug) in turn disintegrate in a time proportional to the fiber radius and well within immediate-release specification. Finally, models of dosage form disintegration and drug release by single fibers and fibrous dosage forms are developed. It is found that drug release from fibrous forms is predictable by the physico-chemical properties of the excipient and such microstructural parameters as the fiber radius, the inter-fiber spacing, and the volume fraction of water-soluble excipient in the fibers. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights

RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN ANALYTICAL METHODS FOR FIBROUS AMPHIBOLE IN VERMICULITE ATTIC INSULATION

EPA Science Inventory

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has developed a test method for the analysis of fibrous amphibole in vermiculite attic insulation. This method was developed to provide the Agency with monitoring tools to study the occurrence and potential for exposure to fibrous amphibo...

Current structure of strongly nonlinear interfacial solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semin, Sergey; Kurkina, Oxana; Kurkin, Andrey; Talipova, Tatiana; Pelinovsky, Efim; Churaev, Egor

2015-04-01

The characteristics of highly nonlinear solitary internal waves (solitons) in two-layer flow are computed within the fully nonlinear Navier-Stokes equations with use of numerical model of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MITgcm). The verification and adaptation of the model is based on the data from laboratory experiments [Carr & Davies, 2006]. The present paper also compares the results of our calculations with the computations performed in the framework of the fully nonlinear Bergen Ocean Model [Thiem et al, 2011]. The comparison of the computed soliton parameters with the predictions of the weakly nonlinear theory based on the Gardner equation is given. The occurrence of reverse flow in the bottom layer directly behind the soliton is confirmed in numerical simulations. The trajectories of Lagrangian particles in the internal soliton on the surface, on the interface and near the bottom are computed. The results demonstrated completely different trajectories at different depths of the model area. Thus, in the surface layer is observed the largest displacement of Lagrangian particles, which can be more than two and a half times larger than the characteristic width of the soliton. Located at the initial moment along the middle pycnocline fluid particles move along the elongated vertical loop at a distance of not more than one third of the width of the solitary wave. In the bottom layer of the fluid moves in the opposite direction of propagation of the internal wave, but under the influence of the reverse flow, when the bulk of the velocity field of the soliton ceases to influence the trajectory, it moves in the opposite direction. The magnitude of displacement of fluid particles in the bottom layer is not more than the half-width of the solitary wave. 1. Carr, M., and Davies, P.A. The motion of an internal solitary wave of depression over a fixed bottom boundary in a shallow, two-layer fluid. Phys. Fluids, 2006, vol. 18, No. 1, 1 - 10. 2. Thiem, O., Carr

Endoscopic Endonasal Optic Nerve Decompression for Fibrous Dysplasia

PubMed Central

DeKlotz, Timothy R.; Stefko, S. Tonya; Fernandez-Miranda, Juan C.; Gardner, Paul A.; Snyderman, Carl H.; Wang, Eric W.

2016-01-01

Objective To evaluate visual outcomes and potential complications for optic nerve decompression using an endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) for fibrous dysplasia. Design Retrospective chart review of patients with fibrous dysplasia causing extrinsic compression of the canalicular segment of the optic nerve that underwent an endoscopic endonasal optic nerve decompression at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 2010 to 2013. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure assessed was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) with secondary outcomes, including visual field testing, color vision, and complications associated with the intervention. Results A total of four patients and five optic nerves were decompressed via an EEA. All patients were symptomatic preoperatively and had objective findings compatible with compressive optic neuropathy: decreased visual acuity was noted preoperatively in three patients while the remaining patient demonstrated an afferent pupillary defect. BCVA improved in all patients postoperatively. No major complications were identified. Conclusion EEA for optic nerve decompression appears to be a safe and effective treatment for patients with compressive optic neuropathy secondary to fibrous dysplasia. Further studies are required to identify selection criteria for an open versus an endoscopic approach. PMID:28180039

Analysis of effective thermal conductivity of fibrous materials

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Futschik, Michael W.; Witte, Larry C.

1993-01-01

The objective of this research is to gain a better understanding of the various mechanisms of heat transfer through fibrous materials and to gain insight into how fill-gas pressure influences the effective thermal conductivity. By way of first principles and some empiricism, two mathematical models are constructed to correlate experimental data. The data are obtained from a test series measuring the effective thermal conductivity of Nomex using a two-sided guarded hot-plate heater apparatus. Tests are conducted for certain mean temperatures and fill-gases over a range of pressures varying from vacuum to atmospheric conditions. The models are then evaluated to determine their effectiveness in representing the effective thermal conductivity of a fibrous material. The models presented herein predict the effective thermal conductivity of Nomex extremely well. Since the influence of gas conduction is determined to be the most influential component in predicting the effective thermal conductivity of a fibrous material, an improved representation of gas conduction is developed. Finally, some recommendations for extension to other random-oriented fiber materials are made concerning the usefulness of each model depending on their advantages and disadvantages.

Toxicity and Carcinogenicity Mechanisms of Fibrous Antigorite

PubMed Central

Cardile, Venera; Lombardo, Laura; Belluso, Elena; Panico, Annamaria; Capella, Silvana; Balazy, Michael

2007-01-01

We studied the effects of fibrous antigorite on mesothelial MeT-5A and monocyte-macrophage J774 cell lines to further understand cellular mechanisms induced by asbestos fibers leading to lung damage and cancer. Antigorite is a mineral with asbestiform properties, which tends to associate with chrysotile or tremolite, and frequently occurs as the predominant mineral in the veins of several serpentinite rocks found abundantly in the Western Alps. Particles containing antigorite are more abundant in the breathing air of this region than those typically found in urban ambient air. Exposure of MeT-5A and J774 cells to fibrous antigorite at concentrations of 5–100 μg/ml for 72 hr induced dose-dependent cytotoxicity. Antigorite also stimulated the ROS production, induced the generation of nitrite and PGE2. MeT-5A cells were more sensitive to antigorite than J774 cells. The results of this study revealed that the fibrous antigorite stimulates cyclooxygenase and formation of hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals. These changes represent early cellular responses to antigorite fibers, which lead to a host of pathological and neoplastic conditions because free radicals and PGE2 play important roles as mediators of tumor pathogenesis. Understanding the mechanisms of the cellular responses to antigorite and other asbestos particles should be helpful in designing rational prevention and treatment approaches. PMID:17431308

Defining Pleasure: A Focus Group Study of Solitary and Partnered Sexual Pleasure in Queer and Heterosexual Women.

PubMed

Goldey, Katherine L; Posh, Amanda R; Bell, Sarah N; van Anders, Sari M

2016-11-01

Solitary and partnered sexuality are typically depicted as fundamentally similar, but empirical evidence suggests they differ in important ways. We investigated how women's definitions of sexual pleasure overlapped and diverged when considering solitary versus partnered sexuality. Based on an interdisciplinary literature, we explored whether solitary pleasure would be characterized by eroticism (e.g., genital pleasure, orgasm) and partnered pleasure by nurturance (e.g., closeness). Via focus groups with a sexually diverse sample of women aged 18-64 (N = 73), we found that women defined solitary and partnered pleasure in both convergent and divergent ways that supported expectations. Autonomy was central to definitions of solitary pleasure, whereas trust, giving pleasure, and closeness were important elements of partnered pleasure. Both solitary and partnered pleasure involved exploration for self-discovery or for growing a partnered relationship. Definitions of pleasure were largely similar across age and sexual identity; however, relative to queer women, heterosexual women (especially younger heterosexual women) expressed greater ambivalence toward solitary masturbation and partnered orgasm. Results have implications for women's sexual well-being across multiple sexual identities and ages, and for understanding solitary and partnered sexuality as overlapping but distinct constructs.

Congenital costo-vertebral fibrous band and congenital kyphoscoliosis: a previously unreported combination.

PubMed

Eid, Tony; Ghostine, Bachir; Kreichaty, Gaby; Daher, Paul; Ghanem, Ismat

2013-05-01

Congenital kyphoscoliosis (CKS) results from abnormal vertebral chondrification. Congenital fibrous bands occur in several locations with variable impact on vertebral development. We report a previously unreported case of a female infant with CKS presenting with an L2 hypoplastic vertebra and a costo-vertebral fibrous band extending to the skin in the form of a dimple. We also describe the therapeutic approach, consisting of surgical excision of the fibrous band and postoperative fulltime bracing, with a 7-year follow-up. We recommend a high index of suspicion in any unusual presentation of CKS and insist on case by case management in such cases.

Prevention of peritendinous adhesions with electrospun ibuprofen-loaded poly(L-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol fibrous membranes.

PubMed

Liu, Shen; Hu, Changmin; Li, Fengfeng; Li, Xu-jun; Cui, Wenguo; Fan, Cunyi

2013-02-01

Physical barriers are commonly used to reduce peritendinous adhesion after injury. However, the inflammatory response to surgery cannot be prevented. This study was designed to evaluate the ability of ibuprofen-loaded poly(l-lactic acid)-polyethylene glycol (PELA) diblock copolymer fibrous membranes in preventing adhesion formation and reduce inflammation. Electrospun PELA fibrous membranes underwent mechanical testing and were characterized by morphology, surface wettability, drug release, and degradation. Results of an in vitro drug release study showed that a burst release was followed by sustained release from fibrous membranes with high initial ibuprofen content. Fewer L929 mouse fibroblasts adhered to and proliferated on the ibuprofen-loaded PELA fibrous membrane compared with tissue culture plates or PELA fibrous membrane without ibuprofen. In a chicken model of flexor digitorum profundus tendon surgery, the ibuprofen-loaded PELA fibrous membranes prevented tissue adhesion and significantly reduced inflammation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that ibuprofen-loaded PELA fibrous membranes prevent peritendinous adhesion formation better than membranes that do not contain ibuprofen, through anti-adhesion and anti-inflammatory actions.

First description of Phanerozoic radiaxial fibrous dolomite

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Richter, D. K.; Heinrich, F.; Geske, A.; Neuser, R. D.; Gies, H.; Immenhauser, A.

2014-05-01

The petrographic analysis and crystallographic analysis of concretionary carbonate cements ("coal balls") from Carboniferous paralic swamp deposits reveal the presence of (length fast) radiaxial fibrous dolomite (RFD), a fabric not previously reported from the Phanerozoic. This finding is of significance as earlier reports of Phanerozoic radiaxial fibrous carbonates are exclusively of calcite mineralogy. Dolomite concretions described here formed beneath marine transgressive intervals within palustrine coal seams. This is of significance as seawater was arguably the main source of Mg2 + ions for dolomite formation. Here, data from optical microscopy, cathodoluminescence, electron backscattered diffraction, X-ray diffraction and geochemical analyses are presented to characterize three paragenetic dolomite phases and one calcite phase in these concretions. The main focus is on the earliest diagenetic, non-stoichiometric (degree of order: 0.41-0.46) phase I, characterized by botryoidal dolomite constructed of fibres up to 110 μm wide with a systematic undulatory extinction and converging crystal axes. Petrographic and crystallographic evidence clearly qualifies phase I dolomite as radiaxial fibrous. Conversely, fascicular optical fabrics were not found. Carbon-isotope ratios (δ13C) are depleted (between - 11.8 and - 22.1‰) as expected for carbonate precipitation from marine pore-fluids in organic-matter-rich, paralic sediment. Oxygen isotope (δ18O) ratios range between - 1.3 and - 6.0‰. The earliest diagenetic nature of these cements is documented by the presence of ubiquitous, non-compacted fossil plant remains encased in phase I dolomite as well as by the complex zoned luminescence patterns in the crystals and is supported by crystallographic and thermodynamic considerations. It is argued that organic matter, and specifically carboxyl groups, reduced thermodynamic barriers for dolomite formation and facilitated Mg/CaCO3 precipitation. The data shown here

Transverse instability of solitary waves in the generalized kadomtsev-petviashvili equation

PubMed

Kataoka; Tsutahara; Negoro

2000-04-03

The linear stability of planar solitary waves with respect to long-wavelength transverse perturbations is studied in the framework of the generalized Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation. It is newly discovered that for some nonlinearities in this family, the solitary waves could be transversely unstable even in a medium with negative dispersion. In the case of positive dispersion, they are found to be always unstable.

Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma: An Uncommon Presentation.

PubMed

Sarkar, Sagarika; Maiti, Moumita; Bhattacharyya, Palas; Sarkar, Ranu

2017-07-01

Intracranial fibrous histiocytomas are rare; Benign Fibrous Histiocytoma (BFH) being uncommon than its malignant counterpart. BFH comprises fibroblasts and histiocytes without any nuclear pleomorphism or atypia. We present a case of a 42-year-old male who had swelling over the occipital region for the past five years, which progressively increased in size. He developed headache, dizziness, and gait disturbance over the last six months. Computed tomographic scan revealed a posterior fossa space-occupying lesion. Fine-needle aspiration cytology from the swelling revealed spindled fibroblasts along with histiocytes and multinucleated giant cells. Later, histopathology showed presence of spindle-shaped cells in storiform pattern admixed with histiocytes and giant cells. The giant cells and histiocytes were immunopositive for CD68 and spindled cells were positive for vimentin, but immunonegative for CD34, epithelial membrane antigen, CD1a and S100. The final diagnosis was intracranial BFH. We present this case because of its extreme rarity and unusual location.

An Experiment on Two-Dimensional Interaction of Solitary Waves in Shallow Water System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuji, Hidekazu; Yufu, Kei; Marubayashi, Kenji

2012-11-01

The dynamics of solitary waves in horizontally two-dimensional region is not yet well understood. Recently two-dimensional soliton interaction of Kadmotsetv-Petviashvili (KP) equation which describes the weakly nonlinear long wave in shallow water system has been theoretically studied (e.g. Kodama (2010)). It is clarified that the ``resonant'' interaction which forms Y-shaped triad can be described by exact solution. Li et al. (2011) experimentally studied the reflection of solitary wave at the wall and verified the theory of KP equation. To investigate more general interaction process, an experiment in wave tank using two wave makers which are controlled independently is carried out. The wave tank is 4 m in length and 3.6 m in width. The depth of the water is about 8cm. The wavemakers, which are piston-type and have board about 1.5 m in length, can produce orderly solitary wave which amplitude is 1.0-3.5 cm. We observe newly generated solitary wave due to interaction of original solitary waves which have different amplitude and/or propagation direction. The results are compared with the aforementioned theory of KP equation.

The endangered Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae) in Israel: honey-bees, night-sheltering male bees and female solitary bees as pollinators

PubMed Central

Watts, Stella; Sapir, Yuval; Segal, Bosmat; Dafni, Amots

2013-01-01

Background and Aims The coastal plain of Israel hosts the last few remaining populations of the endemic Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae), a Red List species of high conservation priority. The flowers offer no nectar reward. Here the role of night-sheltering male solitary bees, honey-bees and female solitary bees as pollinators of I. atropurpurea is documented. Methods Breeding system, floral longevity, stigma receptivity, visitation rates, pollen loads, pollen deposition and removal and fruit- and seed-set were investigated. Key Results The main wild pollinators of this plant are male eucerine bees, and to a lesser extent, but with the potential to transfer pollen, female solitary bees. Honey-bees were found to be frequent diurnal visitors; they removed large quantities of pollen and were as effective as male sheltering bees at pollinating this species. The low density of pollen carried by male solitary bees was attributed to grooming activities, pollen displacement when bees aggregated together in flowers and pollen depletion by honey-bees. In the population free of honey-bee hives, male bees carried significantly more pollen grains on their bodies. Results from pollen analysis and pollen deposited on stigmas suggest that inadequate pollination may be an important factor limiting fruit-set. In the presence of honey-bees, eucerine bees were low removal–low deposition pollinators, whereas honey-bees were high removal–low deposition pollinators, because they removed large amounts into corbiculae and deposited relatively little onto receptive stigmas. Conclusions Even though overall, both bee taxa were equally effective pollinators, we suggest that honey-bees have the potential to reduce the amount of pollen available for plant reproduction, and to reduce the amount of resources available to solitary bee communities. The results of this study have potential implications for the conservation of this highly endangered plant species if hives are permitted inside

An endochronic theory for transversely isotropic fibrous composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pindera, M. J.; Herakovich, C. T.

1981-01-01

A rational methodology of modelling both nonlinear and elastic dissipative response of transversely isotropic fibrous composites is developed and illustrated with the aid of the observed response of graphite-polyimide off-axis coupons. The methodology is based on the internal variable formalism employed within the text of classical irreversible thermodynamics and entails extension of Valanis' endochronic theory to transversely isotropic media. Applicability of the theory to prediction of various response characteristics of fibrous composites is illustrated by accurately modelling such often observed phenomena as: stiffening reversible behavior along fiber direction; dissipative response in shear and transverse tension characterized by power-laws with different hardening exponents; permanent strain accumulation; nonlinear unloading and reloading; and stress-interaction effects.

Lipomatous hemangiopericytoma in a child: A case report with immunohistochemical evaluation

PubMed Central

Madala, Jayakiran; Guttikonda, Venkateswara Rao; Korlepara, Rajani

2015-01-01

Lipomatous hemangiopericytomas are rare soft-tissue tumors that show areas of hemangiopericytoma like vascular pattern admixed with lipid containing cells. It is now considered a subtype of solitary fibrous tumor due to histopathological and immunohistochemical similarities. To date, only a few cases have been adequately reported in the medical literature. A case of lipomatous hemangiopericytoma in an 11-year-old female patient is presented and the clinical, histopathological and immunohistochemical features are discussed, along with a literature review. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first known case of a lipomatous hemangiopericytoma in a pediatric patient. Our case report further emphasizes that a number of studies should be evaluated to delineate hemangiopericytomas from solitary fibrous tumors. PMID:26097315

[Adenocarcinoma of lung cancer with solitary metastasis to the stomach].

PubMed

Koh, Sung Ae; Lee, Kyung Hee

2014-09-25

Although hematogenous metastasis of cancer to the gastrointestinal track is rare, it sometime has been reported in patients with malignant melanoma and breast cancer. However, it is extremely rare for lung cancer to metastasize to the stomach, not to mention solitary gastric metastasis. Herein, the authors report a case of a 69-year-old man who was initially diagnosed with lung cancer with synchronous primary gastric cancer which proved to be lung cancer with solitary gastric metastasis after the operation.

Statistical Thermodynamic Approach to Vibrational Solitary Waves in Acetanilide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasconcellos, Áurea R.; Mesquita, Marcus V.; Luzzi, Roberto

1998-03-01

We analyze the behavior of the macroscopic thermodynamic state of polymers, centering on acetanilide. The nonlinear equations of evolution for the populations and the statistically averaged field amplitudes of CO-stretching modes are derived. The existence of excitations of the solitary wave type is evidenced. The infrared spectrum is calculated and compared with the experimental data of Careri et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 51, 104 (1983)], resulting in a good agreement. We also consider the situation of a nonthermally highly excited sample, predicting the occurrence of a large increase in the lifetime of the solitary wave excitation.

New compacton soliton solutions and solitary patterns solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Zhenya; Bluman, George

2002-11-01

The special exact solutions of nonlinearly dispersive Boussinesq equations (called B( m, n) equations), utt- uxx- a( un) xx+ b( um) xxxx=0, is investigated by using four direct ansatze. As a result, abundant new compactons: solitons with the absence of infinite wings, solitary patterns solutions having infinite slopes or cups, solitary waves and singular periodic wave solutions of these two equations are obtained. The variant is extended to include linear dispersion to support compactons and solitary patterns in the linearly dispersive Boussinesq equations with m=1. Moreover, another new compacton solution of the special case, B(2,2) equation, is also found.

Ion acoustic solitary wave with weakly transverse perturbations in quantum electron-positron-ion plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mushtaq, A.; Khan, S. A.; Department of Physics, COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Islamabad

2007-05-15

The characteristics and stability of ion acoustic solitary wave with transverse perturbations are examined in ultracold quantum magnetospheric plasma consisting of electrons, positrons, and ions. Using the quantum hydrodynamic model, a dispersion relation in the linear regime, and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation in the nonlinear regime are derived. The quantum corrections are studied through quantum statistics and diffraction effects. It is found that compressive solitary wave can propagate in this system. The quantum effects are also studied graphically for both linear and nonlinear profiles of ion acoustic wave. Using energy consideration method, conditions for existence of stable solitary waves are obtained.more » It is found that stable solitary waves depend on quantum corrections, positron concentration, and direction cosine of the wave vector k along the x axis.« less

Motor neurone responses during a postural reflex in solitarious and gregarious desert locusts.

PubMed

Blackburn, Laura M; Ott, Swidbert R; Matheson, Tom; Burrows, Malcolm; Rogers, Stephen M

2010-08-01

Desert locusts show extreme phenotypic plasticity and can change reversibly between two phases that differ radically in morphology, physiology and behaviour. Solitarious locusts are cryptic in appearance and behaviour, walking slowly with the body held close to the ground. Gregarious locusts are conspicuous in appearance and much more active, walking rapidly with the body held well above the ground. During walking, the excursion of the femoro-tibial (F-T) joint of the hind leg is smaller in solitarious locusts, and the joint is kept more flexed throughout an entire step. Under open loop conditions, the slow extensor tibiae (SETi) motor neurone of solitarious locusts shows strong tonic activity that increases at more extended F-T angles. SETi of gregarious locusts by contrast showed little tonic activity. Simulated flexion of the F-T joint elicits resistance reflexes in SETi in both phases, but regardless of the initial and final position of the leg, the spiking rate of SETi during these reflexes was twice as great in solitarious compared to gregarious locusts. This increased sensory-motor gain in the neuronal networks controlling postural reflexes in solitarious locusts may be linked to the occurrence of pronounced behavioural catalepsy in this phase similar to other cryptic insects such as stick insects. Copyright (c) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with two kinds of nonthermal ions at different temperatures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dorranian, Davoud; Sabetkar, Akbar

The nonlinear dust acoustic solitary waves in a dusty plasma with two nonthermal ion species at different temperatures is studied analytically. Using reductive perturbation method, the Kadomtsev-Petviashivili (KP) equation is derived, and the effects of nonthermal coefficient, ions temperature, and ions number density on the amplitude and width of soliton in dusty plasma are investigated. It is shown that the amplitude of solitary wave of KP equation diverges at critical points of plasma parameters. The modified KP equation is also derived, and from there, the soliton like solutions of modified KP equation with finite amplitude is extracted. Results show thatmore » generation of rarefactive or compressive solitary waves strongly depends on the number and temperature of nonthermal ions. Results of KP equation confirm that for different magnitudes of ions temperature (mass) and number density, mostly compressive solitary waves are generated in a dusty plasma. In this case, the amplitude of solitary wave is decreased, while the width of solitary waves is increased. According to the results of modified KP equation for some certain magnitudes of parameters, there is a condition for generation of an evanescent solitary wave in a dusty plasma.« less

The Management Strategy of Benign Solitary Intraductal Papilloma on Breast Core Biopsy.

PubMed

Ko, Dayoung; Kang, Eunyoung; Park, So Yeon; Kim, Sun Mi; Jang, Mijung; Yun, Bo La; Chae, Sumin; Jang, Yerang; Kim, Hye Jin; Kim, Sung-Won; Kim, Eun-Kyu

2017-08-01

Intraductal papilloma (IDP) is well-known as one of the common benign breast lesions requiring excision. However, treatment of IDP without atypia is controversial. The aim of our study was to determine the proper management of solitary IDP by core needle biopsy (CNB). We retrospectively reviewed patients with solitary IDP confirmed by CNB from March 2003 to March 2015. We collected data about final pathology after excision, as well as clinical, histologic, and radiologic findings at initial diagnosis. The final pathology was categorized as benign or malignant. We evaluated the rate of upgrade to malignancy and factors associated with malignancy. We identified 405 patients who presented benign solitary IDP by CNB. The mean age was 46.1 years (range, 15-86 years). In total, 135 patients underwent surgical excision, and 211 underwent vacuum-assisted excision. Of 346 patients, malignant lesions were found in 8 patients (2.3%): 7 underwent surgical excision, and 1 underwent vacuum-assisted excision. Only the size of IDP was significantly associated with cancer upgrade (P = .003). Our study shows that overall malignancy upgrade rate of benign solitary IDP after excision is very low (2.3%). Even when the size of IDP was less than 1 cm, the upgrade rate to cancer was only 0.9%. Therefore, for patients with small solitary IDP, we recommend close follow-up with ultrasound instead of excision. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Toward negative Poisson's ratio composites: Investigation of the auxetic behavior of fibrous networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tatlier, Mehmet Seha

Random fibrous can be found among natural and synthetic materials. Some of these random fibrous networks possess negative Poisson's ratio and they are extensively called auxetic materials. The governing mechanisms behind this counter intuitive property in random networks are yet to be understood and this kind of auxetic material remains widely under-explored. However, most of synthetic auxetic materials suffer from their low strength. This shortcoming can be rectified by developing high strength auxetic composites. The process of embedding auxetic random fibrous networks in a polymer matrix is an attractive alternate route to the manufacture of auxetic composites, however before such an approach can be developed, a methodology for designing fibrous networks with the desired negative Poisson's ratios must first be established. This requires an understanding of the factors which bring about negative Poisson's ratios in these materials. In this study, a numerical model is presented in order to investigate the auxetic behavior in compressed random fiber networks. Finite element analyses of three-dimensional stochastic fiber networks were performed to gain insight into the effects of parameters such as network anisotropy, network density, and degree of network compression on the out-of-plane Poisson's ratio and Young's modulus. The simulation results suggest that the compression is the critical parameter that gives rise to negative Poisson's ratio while anisotropy significantly promotes the auxetic behavior. This model can be utilized to design fibrous auxetic materials and to evaluate feasibility of developing auxetic composites by using auxetic fibrous networks as the reinforcing layer.

Solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma of the bladder: a case report and literature.

PubMed

Khaliq, Waseem; Uzoaru, Ikechukwu; Konchanin, Ronald P; Sapiente, Ronald A; Egner, James R

2010-08-01

Plasmacytoma is a rare B-lymphocyte neoplastic disorder that usually presents as the generalized disease multiple myeloma. Less than 5% of the cases present as a solitary mass of monoclonal plasma cells in the bone or soft tissue. Although solitary extramedullary plasmacytoma (SEP) may arise in any organ, it rarely involves the urinary bladder. A 67-year-old male without a history of multiple myeloma presented with urinary frequency and nocturia; he was later diagnosed with SEP of the bladder. The patient was initially treated with a course of radiation therapy without symptomatic improvement; therefore a chemotherapy regimen consisting of lenalidomide and dexamethasone was subsequently given for six cycles. SEP usually carries a better prognosis and higher cure rate than solitary plasmacytoma of bone, as SEP is radiation sensitive. The role of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of SEP that is resistant to radiation therapy is not clear, since most of the recommendations have been derived from the experience of head and neck SEP. The literature also lacks recommendations for choice of a chemotherapy regimen and surveillance of isolated bladder plasmacytoma. Here we present the first case of a radiation-resistant solitary plasmacytoma of the bladder that was successfully treated with lenalidomide and dexamethasone with successful clinical remission.

Steam Reformer With Fibrous Catalytic Combustor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Voecks, Gerald E.

1987-01-01

Proposed steam-reforming reactor derives heat from internal combustion on fibrous catalyst. Supplies of fuel and air to combustor controlled to meet demand for heat for steam-reforming reaction. Enables use of less expensive reactor-tube material by limiting temperature to value safe for material yet not so low as to reduce reactor efficiency.

On the examination of Darcy permeability of soft fibrous porous media; New correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Zenghao; Wang, Qiuyun; Wu, Qianhong

2017-11-01

In this presentation, we report a novel experimental approach to investigate the compression-dependent Darcy permeability of soft porous media. Especially, we are proposing new correlations that describe the change of the permeability of random fibrous porous media as a function of its compression. A special device was developed that consisted of a rectangular flow channel with adjustable gap thickness ranging from 3 mm to 20 mm. Air was forced through the thin gap filled with testing fibrous materials. By measuring the flow rate and the pressure gradient, we have successfully obtained the Darcy permeability of different fibrous porous materials at different compression ratios. Theoretical or semi-empirical models have been compared with the experimental results, indicating various degrees of disagreement. The new correlations were then proposed which fit with experimental data very well. The study presented herein provides a useful approach to evaluate the change of the permeability of fibrous porous media as a function of its compression. It will be valuable for examining fluid flow in fibrous porous media where the permeability is difficult to be measured directly. This kind of porous media widely exists in biological systems. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award No. 1511096.

Numerical simulation of solitary waves on deep water with constant vorticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dosaev, A. S.; Shishina, M. I.; Troitskaya, Yu I.

2018-01-01

Characteristics of solitary deep water waves on a flow with constant vorticity are investigated by numerical simulation within the framework of fully nonlinear equations of motion (Euler equations) using the method of surface-tracking conformal coordinates. To ensure that solutions observed are stable, soliton formation as a result of disintegration of an initial pulse-like disturbance is modeled. Evidence is obtained that solitary waves with height above a certain threshold are unstable.

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a clinical pathological analysis of seventeen cases

PubMed Central

Yu, Guojun; Wang, Yibing; Wang, Guangjun; Zhang, Dawei; Sun, Yong

2015-01-01

To discuss the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI), seventeen FHI specimens were analyzed with H&E staining and strepavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry to detect distinguishing tissue markers. The long-term outcomes of select cases were also obtained. Among the 17 patients (13 males, 4 females, average age 16 months), FHI manifested as a subcutaneous painless mass, primarily on the back of the neck, the upper arms and buttocks. One recurrence was noted among six follow-up cases. The tumors consisted of three main components: fibrous connective tissue; mature fat; and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that fibrous connective tissue was positive for SMA and actin, mature fat tissue was positive for S-100 protein, and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue was positive for CD34 and was partially positive for actin and SMA. The tumors were negative for desmin, NSE, bcl-2, β-catenin and Ki-67. In brief, FHI is a benign, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferative lesion. Defined histologic features of FHI as presented here would distinguish FHI from similar invasive tumors including infant fibromatosis, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, fibrous fatty tumor and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Once clearly identified, FHI is curable with complete resection. PMID:26045872

Fibrous hamartoma of infancy: a clinical pathological analysis of seventeen cases.

PubMed

Yu, Guojun; Wang, Yibing; Wang, Guangjun; Zhang, Dawei; Sun, Yong

2015-01-01

To discuss the clinical and pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of fibrous hamartoma of infancy (FHI), seventeen FHI specimens were analyzed with H&E staining and strepavidin peroxidase (SP) immunohistochemistry to detect distinguishing tissue markers. The long-term outcomes of select cases were also obtained. Among the 17 patients (13 males, 4 females, average age 16 months), FHI manifested as a subcutaneous painless mass, primarily on the back of the neck, the upper arms and buttocks. One recurrence was noted among six follow-up cases. The tumors consisted of three main components: fibrous connective tissue; mature fat; and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue. Immunohistochemistry revealed that fibrous connective tissue was positive for SMA and actin, mature fat tissue was positive for S-100 protein, and undifferentiated mesenchymal tissue was positive for CD34 and was partially positive for actin and SMA. The tumors were negative for desmin, NSE, bcl-2, β-catenin and Ki-67. In brief, FHI is a benign, fibroblastic/myofibroblastic proliferative lesion. Defined histologic features of FHI as presented here would distinguish FHI from similar invasive tumors including infant fibromatosis, calcifying aponeurotic fibroma, fibrous fatty tumor and embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma. Once clearly identified, FHI is curable with complete resection.

The Pattern and Degree of Capsular Fibrous Sheaths Surrounding Cochlear Electrode Arrays

PubMed Central

Ishai, Reuven; Herrmann, Barbara S.; Nadol, Joseph B.; Quesnel, Alicia M.

2017-01-01

An inflammatory tissue reaction around the electrode array of a cochlear implant (CI) is common, in particular at the electrode insertion region (cochleostomy) where mechanical trauma often occurs. However, the factors determining the amount and causes of fibrous reaction surrounding the stimulating electrode, especially medially near the perimodiolar location, are unclear. Temporal bone (TB) specimens from patients who had undergone cochlear implantation during life with either Advanced Bionics (AB) Clarion TM or HiRes90KTM (Sylmar, CA, USA) or Cochlear TM Nucleus (Sydney, Australia) devices were evaluated. The thickness of the fibrous tissue surrounding the electrode array of both types of CI devices at both the lower (LB) and upper (UB) basal turns of the cochlea was quantified at three locations: the medial, inferior, and superior aspects of the sheath. Fracture of the osseous spiral lamina and/or marked displacement of the basilar membrane were interpreted as evidence of intracochlear trauma. In addition, post-operative word recognition scores, duration of implantation, and post-operative programming data were evaluated. Seven TBs from six patients implanted with AB devices and five TBs from five patients implanted with Nucleus devices were included. A fibrous capsule around the stimulating electrode array was present in all twelve specimens. TBs implanted with AB device had a significantly thicker fibrous capsule at the medial aspect than at the inferior or superior aspects at both locations (LB and UB) of the cochlea (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p<0.01). TBs implanted with a Nucleus device had no difference in the thickness of the fibrous capsule surrounding the track of the electrode array (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p>0.05). Nine of fourteen (64%) basal turns of the cochlea (LB and UB of seven TBs) implanted with AB devices demonstrated intracochlear trauma compared to two of ten (20%) basal turns of the cochlea (LB and UB of five TBs) with Nucleus

Orbital stability of solitary waves for generalized Boussinesq equation with two nonlinear terms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weiguo; Li, Xiang; Li, Shaowei; Chen, Xu

2018-06-01

This paper investigates the orbital stability and instability of solitary waves for the generalized Boussinesq equation with two nonlinear terms. Firstly, according to the theory of Grillakis-Shatah-Strauss orbital stability, we present the general results to judge orbital stability of the solitary waves. Further, we deduce the explicit expression of discrimination d‧‧(c) to judge the stability of the two solitary waves, and give the stable wave speed interval. Moreover, we analyze the influence of the interaction between two nonlinear terms on the stable wave speed interval, and give the maximal stable range for the wave speed. Finally, some conclusions are given in this paper.

Electrospinning synthesis and characterization of PLA-PEG-MNPs composite fibrous membranes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, M.; Klimke, S.; Preiss, A.; Unruh, D.; Wengerowsky, D.; Lehmann, R.; Sindelar, R.; Klingelhöfer, G.; Boča, R.; Renz, F.

2017-11-01

An electrospinning technique was used to fabricate PLA, PLA-PEG and PLA-PEG-MNPs composite fibrous membranes. The morphology of electrospun composite membranes were characterized by scanning electron microscope. To test the potential availability of MNPs in PLA-PEG composite membranes, TG, Raman, Mössbauer, VSM and ICP-OES analysis were used. The PLA-PEG composite fibrous membranes showed the presence of MNPs, hence offers the possibility for magnetically triggered on-demand drug delivery.

Research priorities for advanced fibrous composites

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Baumann, K. J.; Swedlow, J. L.

1981-01-01

Priorities for research in advanced laminated fibrous composite materials are presented. Supporting evidence is presented in two bodies, including a general literature survey and a survey of aerospace composite hardware and service experience. Both surveys were undertaken during 1977-1979. Specific results and conclusions indicate that a significant portion of contemporary published research diverges from recommended priorites.

Denture-induced fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (epulis fissuratum): research aspects.

PubMed

Thomas, G A

1993-01-01

Denture-induced fibrous inflammatory hyperplasia (FIH) is a common lesion of the oral mucosa which can be treated by either surgical excision, conservative methods or both combined. Clinical aspects are briefly reviewed and a newer conservative approach to treatment is suggested. This is based on the observation that light pressure using soft lining materials may facilitate shrinkage of the fibrous mass. The histopathogenesis is discussed from the view point of the modern technologies of immunocytochemistry, and digital image analysis. The recent development of a microwave instrument with sophisticated control of power and temperature is discussed and its use in the field of histotechnology outlined.

Interfacial Micromechanics in Fibrous Composites: Design, Evaluation, and Models

PubMed Central

Lei, Zhenkun; Li, Xuan; Qin, Fuyong; Qiu, Wei

2014-01-01

Recent advances of interfacial micromechanics in fiber reinforced composites using micro-Raman spectroscopy are given. The faced mechanical problems for interface design in fibrous composites are elaborated from three optimization ways: material, interface, and computation. Some reasons are depicted that the interfacial evaluation methods are difficult to guarantee the integrity, repeatability, and consistency. Micro-Raman study on the fiber interface failure behavior and the main interface mechanical problems in fibrous composites are summarized, including interfacial stress transfer, strength criterion of interface debonding and failure, fiber bridging, frictional slip, slip transition, and friction reloading. The theoretical models of above interface mechanical problems are given. PMID:24977189

Solitary small bowel metastasis from breast cancer.

PubMed

Choi, Jung Eun; Park, Shin Young; Jeon, Myung Hoon; Kang, Su Hwan; Lee, Soo Jung; Bae, Young Kyung; Kim, Min Kyoung

2011-03-01

The common sites of metastasis of breast cancer are bone, lung, and liver, but gastrointestinal metastasis from breast cancer is rare. We experienced a case of solitary ileal metastasis from breast cancer. A 45-years-old woman presented with melena for several weeks. She showed no other abdominal symptoms. Colonoscopy findings showed an ulcerative mucosal lesion in the terminal ileum, and biopsy was performed. Pathologic examination revealed metastatic carcinoma, originated from breast. The tumor cells were positive for estrogen receptor and negative for Cdx-2. She had had a previous medical history of bilateral breast cancer and undergone breast conserving surgery with sentinel lymph node biopsy for both breasts. The torso positron emission tomography scan at 19 months after surgery showed mildly increased uptake in the terminal ileum which was considered as inflammation. Finally, she was diagnosed with solitary ileal metastasis from breast cancer at 22 months after surgery.

Listening to the environment: hearing differences from an epigenetic effect in solitarious and gregarious locusts.

PubMed

Gordon, Shira D; Jackson, Joseph C; Rogers, Stephen M; Windmill, James F C

2014-11-22

Locusts display a striking form of phenotypic plasticity, developing into either a lone-living solitarious phase or a swarming gregarious phase depending on population density. The two phases differ extensively in appearance, behaviour and physiology. We found that solitarious and gregarious locusts have clear differences in their hearing, both in their tympanal and neuronal responses. We identified significant differences in the shape of the tympana that may be responsible for the variations in hearing between locust phases. We measured the nanometre mechanical responses of the ear's tympanal membrane to sound, finding that solitarious animals exhibit greater displacement. Finally, neural experiments signified that solitarious locusts have a relatively stronger response to high frequencies. The enhanced response to high-frequency sounds in the nocturnally flying solitarious locusts suggests greater investment in detecting the ultrasonic echolocation calls of bats, to which they are more vulnerable than diurnally active gregarious locusts. This study highlights the importance of epigenetic effects set forth during development and begins to identify how animals are equipped to match their immediate environmental needs.

The effect of shear stress on solitary waves in arteries.

PubMed

Demiray, H

1997-09-01

In the present work, we study the propagation of solitary waves in a prestressed thick walled elastic tube filled with an incompressible inviscid fluid. In order to include the geometric dispersion in the analysis the wall inertia and shear deformation effects are taken into account for the inner pressure-cross-sectional area relation. Using the reductive perturbation technique, the propagation of weakly non-linear waves in the long-wave approximation is examined. It is shown that, contrary to thin tube theories, the present approach makes it possible to have solitary waves even for a Mooney-Rivlin (M-R) material. Due to dependence of the coefficients of the governing Korteweg-deVries equation on initial deformation, the solution profile changes with inner pressure and the axial stretch. The variation of wave profiles for a class of elastic materials are depicted in graphic forms. As might be seen from these illustrations, with increasing thickness ratio, the profile of solitary wave is steepened for a M-R material but it is broadened for biological tissue.

FAST satellite observations of large-amplitude solitary structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ergun, R. E.; Carlson, C. W.; McFadden, J. P.; Mozer, F. S.; Delory, G. T.; Peria, W.; Chaston, C. C.; Temerin, M.; Roth, I.; Muschietti, L.; Elphic, R.; Strangeway, R.; Pfaff, R.; Cattell, C. A.; Klumpar, D.; Shelley, E.; Peterson, W.; Moebius, E.; Kistler, L.

We report observations of “fast solitary waves” that are ubiquitous in downward current regions of the mid-altitude auroral zone. The single-period structures have large amplitudes (up to 2.5 V/m), travel much faster than the ion acoustic speed, carry substantial potentials (up to ∼100 Volts), and are associated with strong modulations of energetic electron fluxes. The amplitude and speed of the structures distinguishes them from ion-acoustic solitary waves or weak double layers. The electromagnetic signature appears to be that of an positive charge (electron hole) traveling anti-earthward. We present evidence that the structures are in or near regions of magnetic-field-aligned electric fields and propose that these nonlinear structures play a key role in supporting parallel electric fields in the downward current region of the auroral zone.

Obliquely propagating ion acoustic solitary structures in the presence of quantized magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iqbal Shaukat, Muzzamal

2017-10-01

The effect of linear and nonlinear propagation of electrostatic waves have been studied in degenerate magnetoplasma taking into account the effect of electron trapping and finite temperature with quantizing magnetic field. The formation of solitary structures has been investigated by employing the small amplitude approximation both for fully and partially degenerate quantum plasma. It is observed that the inclusion of quantizing magnetic field significantly affects the propagation characteristics of the solitary wave. Importantly, the Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation under consideration has been found to allow the formation of compressive solitary structures only. The present investigation may be beneficial to understand the propagation of nonlinear electrostatic structures in dense astrophysical environments such as those found in white dwarfs.

Linear and nonlinear dust ion acoustic solitary waves in a quantum dusty electron-positron-ion plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Emadi, E.; Zahed, H.

2016-08-15

The behavior of linear and nonlinear dust ion acoustic (DIA) solitary waves in an unmagnetized quantum dusty plasma, including inertialess electrons and positrons, ions, and mobile negative dust grains, are studied. Reductive perturbation and Sagdeev pseudopotential methods are employed for small and large amplitude DIA solitary waves, respectively. A minimum value of the Mach number obtained for the existence of solitary waves using the analytical expression of the Sagdeev potential. It is observed that the variation on the values of the plasma parameters such as different values of Mach number M, ion to electron Fermi temperature ratio σ, and quantummore » diffraction parameter H can lead to the creation of compressive solitary waves.« less

Epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma: molecular characterization of ALK fusion partners in 23 cases.

PubMed

Dickson, Brendan C; Swanson, David; Charames, George S; Fletcher, Christopher Dm; Hornick, Jason L

2018-05-01

Epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma is a rare and distinctive cutaneous neoplasm. Most cases harbor ALK rearrangement and show ALK overexpression, which distinguish this neoplasm from conventional cutaneous fibrous histiocytoma and variants. SQSTM1 and VCL have previously been shown to partner with ALK in one case each of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma. The purpose of this study was to examine a large cohort of epithelioid fibrous histiocytomas by next-generation sequencing to characterize the nature and prevalence of ALK fusion partners. A retrospective archival review was performed to identify cases of epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma (2012-2016). Immunohistochemistry was performed to confirm ALK expression. Targeted next-generation sequencing was applied on RNA extracted from formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded tissue to identify the fusion partners. Twenty-three cases fulfilled inclusion criteria. The mean patient age was 39 years (range, 8-74), there was no sex predilection, and >75% of cases involved the lower extremities. The most common gene fusions were SQSTM1-ALK (N=12; 52%) and VCL-ALK (N=7; 30%); the other four cases harbored novel fusion partners (DCTN1, ETV6, PPFIBP1, and SPECC1L). The pattern of ALK immunoreactivity was usually granular cytoplasmic (N=12; 52%) or granular cytoplasmic and nuclear (N=10; 43%); the case containing an ETV6 fusion partner showed nuclear staining alone. There was no apparent relationship between tumor morphology and the ALK fusion partner. In summary, SQSTM1 and VCL are the most common ALK fusion partners in epithelioid fibrous histiocytoma; DCTN1, ETV6, PPFIBP1, and SPECC1L represent rare fusion partners. The proteins encoded by these genes play diverse roles in scaffolding, cell adhesion, signaling, and transcription (among others) without clear commonalities. These findings expand the oncogenic promiscuity of many of these ALK fusion genes, which drive neoplasia in tumors of diverse lineages with widely varied clinical

Toughened uni-piece fibrous insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leiser, Daniel B (Inventor); Smith, Marnell (Inventor); Churchward, Rex A. (Inventor); Katvala, Victor W. (Inventor)

1992-01-01

A porous body of fibrous, low density silica-based insulation material is at least in part impregnated with a reactive boron oxide containing borosilicate glass frit, a silicon tetraboride fluxing agent and a molybdenum silicide emittance agent. The glass frit, fluxing agent and emittance agent are separately milled to reduce their particle size, then mixed together to produce a slurry in ethanol. The slurry is then applied to the insulation material and sintered to produce the porous body.

Fibrous composite material for textile heart valve design: in vitro assessment.

PubMed

Amri, Amna; Laroche, Gaetan; Chakfe, Nabil; Heim, Frederic

2018-04-17

With over 150,000 implantations performed over the world, transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR) has become a surgical technique, which largely competes with open surgery valve replacement for an increasing number of patients. The success of the procedure favors the research toward synthetic valve leaflet materials as an alternative to biological tissues, whose durability remains unknown. In particular, fibrous constructions have recently proven to be durable in vivo over a 6-month period of time in animal sheep models. Exaggerated fibrotic tissue formation remains, however, a critical issue to be addressed. This work investigates the design of a composite fibrous construction combining a woven polyethylene terephthalate (PET) layer and a non-woven PET mat, which are expected to provide, respectively, strength and appropriate topography toward limited fibrotic tissue ingrowth. For this purpose, a specific equipment has been developed to produce non-woven PET mats made from fibers with small diameter. These mats were assembled with woven PET substrates using various assembling techniques in order to obtain hybrid fibrous constructions. The physical and mechanical properties of the obtained materials were assessed and valve samples were manufactured to be tested in vitro for hydrodynamic performances. The results show that the composite fibrous construction is characterized by properties suitable for the valve leaflet function, but the durability of the assembling is however limited under accelerated cyclic loading.

Body Image in Dyadic and Solitary Sexual Desire: The Role of Encoding Style and Distracting Thoughts.

PubMed

Dosch, Alessandra; Ghisletta, Paolo; Van der Linden, Martial

2016-01-01

This study explored the link between body image and desire to engage in sexual activity (dyadic and solitary desire) in adult women living in a long-term couple relationship. Moreover, it considered two psychological factors that may underlie such a link: the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity and encoding style (i.e., the tendency to rely on preexisting internal schemata versus external information at encoding). A total of 53 women (29 to 47 years old) in heterosexual relationships completed questionnaires assessing sexual desire (dyadic, solitary), body image, body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, and encoding style. Results showed that poor body image was associated with low dyadic and solitary sexual desire. Body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity mediated the link between body image and solitary (but not dyadic) sexual desire. Finally, the mediation of body-related distracting thoughts between body image and solitary sexual desire was moderated by encoding style. A negative body image promoted the occurrence of body-related distracting thoughts during sexual activity, especially in internal encoders. Our study highlights the importance of body image, distracting thoughts, and encoding style in women's solitary sexuality and suggests possible factors that may reduce the impact of those body-related factors in dyadic sexual desire.

Shock-induced solitary waves in granular crystals.

PubMed

Hasan, M Arif; Nemat-Nasser, Sia

2018-02-01

Solitary waves (SWs) are generated in monoatomic (homogeneous) lightly contacting spherical granules by an applied input force of any time-variation and intensity. We consider finite duration shock loads on one-dimensional arrays of granules and focus on the transition regime that leads to the formation of SWs. Based on geometrical and material properties of the granules and the properties of the input shock, we provide explicit analytic expressions to calculate the peak value of the compressive contact force at each contact point in the transition regime that precedes the formation of a primary solitary wave. We also provide explicit expressions to estimate the number of granules involved in the transition regime and show its dependence on the characteristics of the input shock and material/geometrical properties of the interacting granules. Finally, we assess the accuracy of our theoretical results by comparing them with those obtained through numerical integration of the equations of motion.

The pattern and degree of capsular fibrous sheaths surrounding cochlear electrode arrays.

PubMed

Ishai, Reuven; Herrmann, Barbara S; Nadol, Joseph B; Quesnel, Alicia M

2017-05-01

An inflammatory tissue reaction around the electrode array of a cochlear implant (CI) is common, in particular at the electrode insertion region (cochleostomy) where mechanical trauma often occurs. However, the factors determining the amount and causes of fibrous reaction surrounding the stimulating electrode, especially medially near the perimodiolar location, are unclear. Temporal bone (TB) specimens from patients who had undergone cochlear implantation during life with either Advanced Bionics (AB) Clarion ™ or HiRes90K™ (Sylmar, CA, USA) devices that have a half-band and a pre-curved electrode, or Cochlear ™ Nucleus (Sydney, Australia) device that have a full-band and a straight electrode were evaluated. The thickness of the fibrous tissue surrounding the electrode array of both types of CI devices at both the lower (LB) and upper (UB) basal turns of the cochlea was quantified at three locations: the medial, inferior, and superior aspects of the sheath. Fracture of the osseous spiral lamina and/or marked displacement of the basilar membrane were interpreted as evidence of intracochlear trauma. In addition, post-operative word recognition scores, duration of implantation, and post-operative programming data were evaluated. Seven TBs from six patients implanted with AB devices and five TBs from five patients implanted with Nucleus devices were included. A fibrous capsule around the stimulating electrode array was present in all twelve specimens. TBs implanted with AB device had a significantly thicker fibrous capsule at the medial aspect than at the inferior or superior aspects at both locations (LB and UB) of the cochlea (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p < 0.01). TBs implanted with a Nucleus device had no difference in the thickness of the fibrous capsule surrounding the track of the electrode array (Wilcoxon signed-ranks test, p > 0.05). Nine of fourteen (64%) basal turns of the cochlea (LB and UB of seven TBs) implanted with AB devices demonstrated

Induced dark solitary pulse in an anomalous dispersion cavity fiber laser.

PubMed

Shao, Guodong; Song, Yufeng; Guo, Jun; Zhao, Luming; Shen, Deyuan; Tang, Dingyuan

2015-11-02

We report on the formation of induced dark solitary pulses in a net anomalous dispersion cavity fiber laser. In a weak birefringence cavity fiber laser simultaneous laser oscillation along the two orthogonal polarization directions of the cavity could be achieved. Under suitable conditions bright cavity solitons could be formed along one polarization direction while CW emission occurs along the orthogonal polarization direction. In a previous paper we have shown that under incoherent polarization coupling a bright soliton always induces a broad dark pulse on the CW beam. In the paper we further show that under coherent polarization coupling a bright soliton could further induce either a weak bright or a dark solitary pulse on the bottom of the broad dark pulse. Numerical simulations have also well reproduced the experimental observations, and further show whether a weak dark or bright solitary pulse is induced is determined by the presence or absence of a phase jump in the induced pulse.

Creation of hybrid nanorods from sequences of natural trimeric fibrous proteins using the fibritin trimerization motif.

PubMed

Papanikolopoulou, Katerina; van Raaij, Mark J; Mitraki, Anna

2008-01-01

Stable, artificial fibrous proteins that can be functionalized open new avenues in fields such as bionanomaterials design and fiber engineering. An important source of inspiration for the creation of such proteins are natural fibrous proteins such as collagen, elastin, insect silks, and fibers from phages and viruses. The fibrous parts of this last class of proteins usually adopt trimeric, beta-stranded structural folds and are appended to globular, receptor-binding domains. It has been recently shown that the globular domains are essential for correct folding and trimerization and can be successfully substituted by a very small (27-amino acid) trimerization motif from phage T4 fibritin. The hybrid proteins are correctly folded nanorods that can withstand extreme conditions. When the fibrous part derives from the adenovirus fiber shaft, different tissue-targeting specificities can be engineered into the hybrid proteins, which therefore can be used as gene therapy vectors. The integration of such stable nanorods in devices is also a big challenge in the field of biomechanical design. The fibritin foldon domain is a versatile trimerization motif and can be combined with a variety of fibrous motifs, such as coiled-coil, collagenous, and triple beta-stranded motifs, provided the appropriate linkers are used. The combination of different motifs within the same fibrous molecule to create stable rods with multiple functions can even be envisioned. We provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental procedures used for designing, creating, and characterizing hybrid fibrous nanorods using the fibritin trimerization motif.

Creation of Hybrid Nanorods From Sequences of Natural Trimeric Fibrous Proteins Using the Fibritin Trimerization Motif

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papanikolopoulou, Katerina; van Raaij, Mark J.; Mitraki, Anna

Stable, artificial fibrous proteins that can be functionalized open new avenues in fields such as bionanomaterials design and fiber engineering. An important source of inspiration for the creation of such proteins are natural fibrous proteins such as collagen, elastin, insect silks, and fibers from phages and viruses. The fibrous parts of this last class of proteins usually adopt trimeric, β-stranded structural folds and are appended to globular, receptor-binding domains. It has been recently shown that the globular domains are essential for correct folding and trimerization and can be successfully substituted by a very small (27-amino acid) trimerization motif from phage T4 fibritin. The hybrid proteins are correctly folded nanorods that can withstand extreme conditions. When the fibrous part derives from the adenovirus fiber shaft, different tissue-targeting specificities can be engineered into the hybrid proteins, which therefore can be used as gene therapy vectors. The integration of such stable nanorods in devices is also a big challenge in the field of biomechanical design. The fibritin foldon domain is a versatile trimerization motif and can be combined with a variety of fibrous motifs, such as coiled-coil, collagenous, and triple β-stranded motifs, provided the appropriate linkers are used. The combination of different motifs within the same fibrous molecule to create stable rods with multiple functions can even be envisioned. We provide a comprehensive overview of the experimental procedures used for designing, creating, and characterizing hybrid fibrous nanorods using the fibritin trimerization motif.

Statistical model for the mechanical behavior of the tissue engineering non-woven fibrous matrices under large deformation.

PubMed

Rizvi, Mohd Suhail; Pal, Anupam

2014-09-01

The fibrous matrices are widely used as scaffolds for the regeneration of load-bearing tissues due to their structural and mechanical similarities with the fibrous components of the extracellular matrix. These scaffolds not only provide the appropriate microenvironment for the residing cells but also act as medium for the transmission of the mechanical stimuli, essential for the tissue regeneration, from macroscopic scale of the scaffolds to the microscopic scale of cells. The requirement of the mechanical loading for the tissue regeneration requires the fibrous scaffolds to be able to sustain the complex three-dimensional mechanical loading conditions. In order to gain insight into the mechanical behavior of the fibrous matrices under large amount of elongation as well as shear, a statistical model has been formulated to study the macroscopic mechanical behavior of the electrospun fibrous matrix and the transmission of the mechanical stimuli from scaffolds to the cells via the constituting fibers. The study establishes the load-deformation relationships for the fibrous matrices for different structural parameters. It also quantifies the changes in the fiber arrangement and tension generated in the fibers with the deformation of the matrix. The model reveals that the tension generated in the fibers on matrix deformation is not homogeneous and hence the cells located in different regions of the fibrous scaffold might experience different mechanical stimuli. The mechanical response of fibrous matrices was also found to be dependent on the aspect ratio of the matrix. Therefore, the model establishes a structure-mechanics interdependence of the fibrous matrices under large deformation, which can be utilized in identifying the appropriate structure and external mechanical loading conditions for the regeneration of load-bearing tissues. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A structure-based extracellular matrix expansion mechanism of fibrous tissue growth.

PubMed

Kalson, Nicholas S; Lu, Yinhui; Taylor, Susan H; Starborg, Tobias; Holmes, David F; Kadler, Karl E

2015-05-20

Embryonic growth occurs predominately by an increase in cell number; little is known about growth mechanisms later in development when fibrous tissues account for the bulk of adult vertebrate mass. We present a model for fibrous tissue growth based on 3D-electron microscopy of mouse tendon. We show that the number of collagen fibrils increases during embryonic development and then remains constant during postnatal growth. Embryonic growth was explained predominately by increases in fibril number and length. Postnatal growth arose predominately from increases in fibril length and diameter. A helical crimp structure was established in embryogenesis, and persisted postnatally. The data support a model where the shape and size of tendon is determined by the number and position of embryonic fibroblasts. The collagen fibrils that these cells synthesise provide a template for postnatal growth by structure-based matrix expansion. The model has important implications for growth of other fibrous tissues and fibrosis.

A structure-based extracellular matrix expansion mechanism of fibrous tissue growth

PubMed Central

Kalson, Nicholas S; Lu, Yinhui; Taylor, Susan H; Starborg, Tobias; Holmes, David F; Kadler, Karl E

2015-01-01

Embryonic growth occurs predominately by an increase in cell number; little is known about growth mechanisms later in development when fibrous tissues account for the bulk of adult vertebrate mass. We present a model for fibrous tissue growth based on 3D-electron microscopy of mouse tendon. We show that the number of collagen fibrils increases during embryonic development and then remains constant during postnatal growth. Embryonic growth was explained predominately by increases in fibril number and length. Postnatal growth arose predominately from increases in fibril length and diameter. A helical crimp structure was established in embryogenesis, and persisted postnatally. The data support a model where the shape and size of tendon is determined by the number and position of embryonic fibroblasts. The collagen fibrils that these cells synthesise provide a template for postnatal growth by structure-based matrix expansion. The model has important implications for growth of other fibrous tissues and fibrosis. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.05958.001 PMID:25992598

Stability properties of solitary waves for fractional KdV and BBM equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Angulo Pava, Jaime

2018-03-01

This paper sheds new light on the stability properties of solitary wave solutions associated with Korteweg-de Vries-type models when the dispersion is very low. Using a compact, analytic approach and asymptotic perturbation theory, we establish sufficient conditions for the existence of exponentially growing solutions to the linearized problem and so a criterium of spectral instability of solitary waves is obtained for both models. Moreover, the nonlinear stability and spectral instability of the ground state solutions for both models is obtained for some specific regimen of parameters. Via a Lyapunov strategy and a variational analysis, we obtain the stability of the blow-up of solitary waves for the critical fractional KdV equation. The arguments presented in this investigation show promise for use in the study of the instability of traveling wave solutions of other nonlinear evolution equations.

The interface interaction behavior between E. coli and two kinds of fibrous minerals.

PubMed

Dai, Qunwei; Han, Linbao; Deng, Jianjun; Zhao, Yulian; Dang, Zheng; Tan, Daoyong; Dong, Faqin

2017-11-09

In the present, studies of interaction between human normal flora and fibrous mineral are still lacking. Batch experiments were performed to deal with the interaction of Escherichia coli and two fibrous minerals (brucite and palygorskite), and the interface and liquid phase characteristics in the short-term interaction processes were discussed. The bacterial concentrations, the remnant glucose (GLU), pyruvic acid, and the activity of β-galactosidase and six elements were measured, and the results show that the promoting effect of brucite on the growth of E. coli was more significant than that of palygorskite. FTIR and XRD analysis results also confirmed E. coli has obviously dissolved on brucite and damage effect on palygorskite silicon structure. SEM results show that the interfacial contact degree between E. coli cells and brucite fibers was higher than that of palygorskite. These may be due to the zeta potential difference between E. coli and palygorskite was 14.57-22.37 mV, while it of brucite was 44.04-64.24 mV. The elements dissolving of two fibrous minerals not only increased regularly to liquid EC but also had a good buffer effect to the decrease of liquid pH. Studies of short-term interaction between E. coli and brucite and palygorskite can help to understand the effect of fibrous minerals on microeubiosis of human normal flora and the contribution of microbial behaviors on the fibrous minerals weathering in the natural environment.

Malignant conversion of a solitary papilloma in the distal trachea: Report of a case

PubMed Central

Lioulias, Achilleas; Misthos, Panagiotis; Papagiannakis, Georgios; Mermigkis, Dimitrios; Karagianidis, Napoleon; Neofotistos, Kostas; Kokotsakis, John

2008-01-01

A solitary papilloma versus the usual multiple lesions of papillomatosis is extremely rare. Even more infrequent is a solitary papilloma of the trachea in an adult patient. In the present report, a case of a solitary papilloma in the distal trachea is presented. After two unsuccessful sessions of laser ablation, resection of the lower one-third of the trachea was performed through a right posterolateral thoracotomy. Postoperative histology results disclosed a malignant degeneration into squamous cell carcinoma. The patient had an excellent outcome after resection of the affected portion of the trachea. There was no evidence of recurrence after 20 months of follow-up. PMID:18949108

Two dimensional cylindrical fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves in a dust plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liu Haifeng; Wang Shiqing; Engineering and Technical College of Chengdu University of Technology, Leshan 614000

2011-04-15

The nonlinear fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves in a dust plasma with the combined effects of bounded cylindrical geometry and transverse perturbation are investigated in a new equation. In this regard, cylindrical Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (CKP) equation is derived using the small amplitude perturbation expansion method. Under a suitable coordinate transformation, the CKP equation can be solved analytically. It is shown that the dust cylindrical fast magnetoacoustic solitary waves can exist in the CKP equation. The present investigation may have relevance in the study of nonlinear electromagnetic soliton waves both in laboratory and astrophysical plasmas.

Some Fundamental Molecular Mechanisms of Contractility in Fibrous Macromolecules

PubMed Central

Mandelkern, L.

1967-01-01

The fundamental molecular mechanisms of contractility and tension development in fibrous macromolecules are developed from the point of view of the principles of polymer physical chemistry. The problem is treated in a general manner to encompass the behavior of all macromolecular systems irrespective of their detailed chemical structure and particular function, if any. Primary attention is given to the contractile process which accompanies the crystal-liquid transition in axially oriented macromolecular systems. The theoretical nature of the process is discussed, and many experimental examples are given from the literature which demonstrate the expected behavior. Experimental attention is focused on the contraction of fibrous proteins, and the same underlying molecular mechanism is shown to be operative for a variety of different systems. PMID:6050598

On the Examination of Darcy Permeability a Thin Fibrous Porous Layer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Zenghao; Wang, Qiuyun; Wu, Qianhong; Vucbmss Team

2016-11-01

In this paper, we report a novel experimental approach to investigate the Darcy permeability of a soft and thin fibrous porous layer. The project is inspired by recent studies involved compression of very thin porous films and the resultant pore fluid flow inside the confined porous structure. The Darcy permeability plays a critical role during the process, which however, is tricky to measure due to the very thin nature of the porous media. In the current study, a special micro-fluidic device is developed that consists of a rectangular flow channel with adjustable gap height ranging from 20 mm to 0.5 mm. Air is forced through the thin gap filled with testing fibrous materials. By measuring the flow rate and the pressure drop, we have successfully obtained the Darcy permeability of different thin porous sheets at different compression ratios. Furthermore, the surface area of the fibers are evaluated using a Micromeritics® ASAP 2020 (Accelerated Surface Area and Porosimetry) system. We found that, although the functions relating the permeability and porosities are different for different fibrous materials, these functions collapse to a single relationship if one express the permeability as a function of the solid phase surface area per unit volume. This finding provides a useful approach to evaluate the permeability of very thin fibrous porous sheet, which otherwise is difficult to measure directly. This research was supported by the National Science Foundation under Award #1511096.

Large-amplitude acoustic solitary waves in a Yukawa chain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheridan, T. E.; Gallagher, James C.

2017-06-01

We experimentally study the excitation and propagation of acoustic solitary waves in a one-dimensional dusty plasma (i.e. a Yukawa chain) with particles interacting through a screened Coulomb potential. The lattice constant mm. Waves are launched by applying a 100 mW laser pulse to one end of the chain for laser pulse durations from 0.10 to 2.0 s. We observe damped solitary waves which propagate for distances with an acoustic speed s=11.5\\pm 0.2~\\text{mm}~\\text{s}-1$ . The maximum velocity perturbation increases with laser pulse duration for durations s and then saturates at . The wave speed is found to be independent of the maximum amplitude, indicating that the formation of nonlinear solitons is prevented by neutral-gas damping.

Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma: Demonstrating the Role of 18F-FDG PET Imaging.

PubMed

Gautam, Archana; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Alamgir, Ahsan; Siddiqi, Imran; Ailawadhi, Sikander

2017-04-01

An Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the medullary cavity. EMPs are a rare occurrence compared to other malignant plasma cell disorders and account for approximately 3-5% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Although most cases of EMP are not immediately life threatening at diagnosis, EMPs can progress to Multiple Myeloma (MM) and thus, warrant monitoring. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for when and how to monitor patients who are diagnosed with or treated for a solitary plasmacytoma. We present a case of solitary EMP who was treated adequately and definitively but developed a distinct, non-contiguous subsequent solitary EMP and was only discovered due to surveillance 18 F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography ( 18 F-FDG) (PET) scan. Uniform surveillance guidelines should be developed and the potential benefits of PET and other imaging techniques as well as their cost should be considered.

Two-dimensional cylindrical ion-acoustic solitary and rogue waves in ultrarelativistic plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ata-ur-Rahman; National Centre for Physics at QAU Campus, Shahdrah Valley Road, Islamabad 44000; Ali, S.

2013-07-15

The propagation of ion-acoustic (IA) solitary and rogue waves is investigated in a two-dimensional ultrarelativistic degenerate warm dense plasma. By using the reductive perturbation technique, the cylindrical Kadomtsev–Petviashvili (KP) equation is derived, which can be further transformed into a Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation. The latter admits a solitary wave solution. However, when the frequency of the carrier wave is much smaller than the ion plasma frequency, the KdV equation can be transferred to a nonlinear Schrödinger equation to study the nonlinear evolution of modulationally unstable modified IA wavepackets. The propagation characteristics of the IA solitary and rogue waves are stronglymore » influenced by the variation of different plasma parameters in an ultrarelativistic degenerate dense plasma. The present results might be helpful to understand the nonlinear electrostatic excitations in astrophysical degenerate dense plasmas.« less

Multifunctional Self-Adhesive Fibrous Layered Matrix (FiLM) for Tissue Glues and Therapeutic Carriers.

PubMed

Yoon, Ye-Eun; Im, Byung Gee; Kim, Jung-Suk; Jang, Jae-Hyung

2017-01-09

Tissue adhesives, which inherently serve as wound sealants or as hemostatic agents, can be further augmented to acquire crucial functions as scaffolds, thereby accelerating wound healing or elevating the efficacy of tissue regeneration. Herein, multifunctional adherent fibrous matrices, acting as self-adhesive scaffolds capable of cell/gene delivery, were devised by coaxially electrospinning poly(caprolactone) (PCL) and poly(vinylpyrrolidone) (PVP). Wrapping the building block PCL fibers with the adherent PVP layers formed film-like fibrous matrices that could rapidly adhere to wet biological surfaces, referred to as fibrous layered matrix (FiLM) adhesives. The inclusion of ionic salts (i.e., dopamine hydrochloride) in the sheath layers generated spontaneously multilayered fibrous adhesives, whose partial layers could be manually peeled off, termed derivative FiLM (d-FiLM). In the context of scaffolds/tissue adhesives, both FiLM and d-FiLM demonstrated almost identical characteristics (i.e., sticky, mechanical, and performances as cell/gene carriers). Importantly, the single FiLM-process can yield multiple sets of d-FiLM by investing the same processing time, materials, and labor required to form a single conventional adhesive fibrous mat, thereby highlighting the economic aspects of the process. The FiLM/d-FiLM offer highly impacting contributions to many biomedical applications, especially in fields that require urgent aids (e.g., endoscopic surgeries, implantation in wet environments, severe wounds).

Intra-articular soft-tissue masses of the ankle. Meniscoid lesions and transarticular fibrous bands.

PubMed

Stienstra, J J

1994-07-01

Meniscoid lesions and fibrous bands are unique lesions, most likely of differing origin. Although they are similar in clinical presentation, their appearance at arthroscopy is clearly different. The meniscoid lesion is attached only at its origin at the inferolateral gutter on the anterior talofibular ligament. Fibrous bands are attached at two ends and may be found anywhere in the joint but are most common extending dramatically over the anterior joint line. Unexpected encountering of a fibrous band should alert the surgeon to carefully inspect the joint for other associated (occult) pathology. Because of the frequent association of bands with antecedent fracture, the observation of this lesion should lead the clinician to consider antecedent intra-articular fracture (transchondral fracture, malleolar fracture, and tibial pilon fracture) as a likely co-pathology. Careful examination of the ankle and review of the radiographs and other available images may be helpful in assessing the joint for these injuries when fibrous bands are encountered. The association of meniscoid lesion with prior soft tissue injury (sprain) is also important to understanding this lesion. Excision of both these abnormal lesions in concert with repair of coexistent pathology is associated with improvement of symptoms. Finally, both fibrous bands and meniscoid lesions are associated with symptoms that warrant closer inspection and observation. Whether the operative intervention is open or closed, the reader can benefit from the information presented.

Environmental controls for the precipitation of different fibrous calcite cement fabrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ritter, Ann-Christine; Wiethoff, Felix; Neuser, Rolf D.; Richter, Detlev K.; Immenhauser, Adrian

2016-04-01

Abiogenic calcite cements are widely used as climate archives. They can yield information on environmental change and climate dynamics at the time when the sediment was lithified in a (marine) diagenetic environment. Radiaxial-fibrous (RFC) and fascicular-optic fibrous (FOFC) calcite cements are two very common and similar pore-filling cement fabrics in Palaeozoic and Mesozoic carbonate rocks (Richter et al., 2011) and in Holocene Mg-calcitic speleothems (Richter et al., 2015). Both fabrics are characterised by distinct crystallographic properties. Current research has shown that these fabrics are often underexplored and that a careful combination of conservative and innovative proxies allows for a better applicability of these carbonate archives to paleoenvironmental reconstructions (Ritter et al., 2015). A main uncertainty in this context is that it is still poorly understood which parameters lead to the formation of either RFC or FOFC and if differential crystallographic parameters affect proxy data from these fabrics. This study aims at a better understanding of the environmental factors that may control either RFC or FOFC precipitation. Therefore, suitable samples (a stalagmite and a Triassic marine cement succession), each with clearly differentiable layers of RFC and FOFC, were identified and analysed in high detail using a multi-proxy approach. Detailed thin section and cathodoluminescence analysis of the samples allowed for a precise identification of layers consisting solely of either RFC or FOFC. Isotopic (δ13C, δ18O) as well as trace elemental compositions have been determined and the comparison of data obtained from these different carbonate archives sheds light on changes in environmental parameters during RFC or FOFC precipitation. References: Richter, D.K., et al., 2011. Radiaxial-fibrous calcites: A new look at an old problem. Sedimentary Geology, 239, 26-36 Richter, D.K., et al., 2015. Radiaxial-fibrous and fascicular-optic Mg-calcitic cave

The surgical management of fibrous dysplasia of bone.

PubMed

Stanton, Robert P; Ippolito, Ernesto; Springfield, Dempsey; Lindaman, Lynn; Wientroub, Shlomo; Leet, Arabella

2012-05-24

The surgical management of Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia (FD) of bone is technically demanding. The most effective methods to manage the associated bone deformity remain unclear. The marked variation in the degree and pattern of bone involvement has made it difficult to acquire data to guide the surgeon's approach to these patients. In light of the paucity of data, but need for guidance, recognized experts in the management of these patients came together at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda, Maryland as part of an International meeting to address issues related to fibrous dysplasia of bone to discuss and refine their recommendations regarding the surgical indications and preferred methods for the management of these challenging patients. The specific challenges, recommended approaches, and "lessons learned" are presented in hopes that surgeons faced with typical deformities can be guided in the surgical reconstruction of both children and adults with FD.

CD34-reactive fibrous papule of the nose.

PubMed

Shea, C R; Salob, S; Reed, J A; Lugo, J; McNutt, N S

1996-08-01

In human skin, the CD34 antigen is expressed on endothelium, periadnexal cells, and a population of reticular dermal interstitial cells. CD34 expression is characteristic of dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans and several other neoplasms, but not of typical fibrous papules of the nose. We describe a 16-year-old white girl with a slowly growing papule on the nose. Histopathology showed a dermal tumor with a superficial component of branched, thin-walled blood vessels and a deeper component of benign-appearing, spindle-shaped cells. These cells uniformly and strongly expressed CD34, but not factor XIIIa or markers of melanocytic, neural, muscular, vascular, or histiocytic differentiation. We consider this lesion a CD34-reactive fibrous papule. This benign tumor must be clearly distinguished from dermatofibrosarcoma protuberans, which also is composed of bundles of CD34-reactive spindle-shaped cells in most cases but has locally aggressive behavior.

The fibrous flexor sheaths of the fingers.

PubMed Central

Jones, M M; Amis, A A

1988-01-01

The structure of the digital fibrous flexor sheath was examined by dissection and histology. The presence of a specific system of named fibrous tissue bands, forming annular and cruciate pulleys, was noted confirming details which are well established in the surgical literature although not detailed by the anatomical texts. These pulleys were linked by thin parts of the sheath. When the inner aspect of the sheath was examined, it was found that it was not a continuous smooth surface, as depicted in both anatomical and surgical texts. The thin parts of the sheath often overlapped the free edges of the pulleys before attaching to their superficial aspects, so that the pulleys possessed free edges within the sheath. Forty eight cadaveric fingers were examined in order to determine the frequency of occurrence and sizes of these overlaps. The largest and most frequent overlap was found at the distal end of the A2 pulley (which attaches to the proximal phalanx). Images Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 7 (cont.) Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 PMID:3417546

Fibrous tissues growth and remodeling: Evolutionary micro-mechanical theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lanir, Yoram

2017-10-01

Living fibrous tissues are composite materials having the unique ability to adapt their size, shape, structure and mechanical properties in response to external loading. This adaptation, termed growth and remodeling (G&R), occurs throughout life and is achieved via cell-induced turnover of tissue constituents where some are degraded and new ones are produced. Realistic mathematical modeling of G&R provides insight into the basic processes, allows for hypotheses testing, and constitutes an essential tool for establishing clinical thresholds of pathological remodeling and for the production of tissue substitutes aimed to achieve target structure and properties. In this study, a general 3D micro-mechanical multi-scale theory of G&R in fibrous tissue was developed which connects between the evolution of the tissue structure and properties, and the underlying mechano-biological turnover events of its constituents. This structural approach circumvents a fundamental obstacle in modeling growth mechanics since the growth motion is not bijective. The model was realized for a flat tissue under two biaxial external loadings using data-based parameter values. The predictions show close similarity to characteristics of remodeled adult tissue including its structure, anisotropic and non-linear mechanical properties, and the onset of in situ pre-strain and pre-stress. The results suggest that these important features of living fibrous tissues evolve as they grow.

Solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung: a report of two cases

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Solitary papilloma of the lung is thought to be a rare benign epithelial tumor, and complete surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for this pathology. However, some cases of papilloma have reportedly shown malignant potential. We report two cases of solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung that were treated by thoracoscopic partial resection. The first patient presented with a nodular lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung that was detected on a follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) scan after treatment for laryngeal cancer. Partial lung resection was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the second patient, a nodular lesion was incidentally identified in the lower lobe of the left lung during a health check-up. Partial lung resection was again performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The postoperative course in both cases was uneventful, and no recurrences have been observed as of 44 months and 41 months postoperatively, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, malignant transformation has been reported both with the squamous type and the mixed type of solitary papilloma of the lung. The glandular variant has shown no tendency toward local recurrence after local excision and has no apparent malignant potential. Local excision is thus recommended for solitary glandular papilloma in order to preserve pulmonary function. PMID:24885310

Solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung: a report of two cases.

PubMed

Kaseda, Kaoru; Horio, Hirotoshi; Harada, Masahiko; Hishima, Tsunekazu

2014-05-19

Solitary papilloma of the lung is thought to be a rare benign epithelial tumor, and complete surgical resection is currently the standard treatment for this pathology. However, some cases of papilloma have reportedly shown malignant potential. We report two cases of solitary glandular papilloma of the peripheral lung that were treated by thoracoscopic partial resection. The first patient presented with a nodular lesion in the lower lobe of the left lung that was detected on a follow-up chest computed tomography (CT) scan after treatment for laryngeal cancer. Partial lung resection was performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. In the second patient, a nodular lesion was incidentally identified in the lower lobe of the left lung during a health check-up. Partial lung resection was again performed by video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. The postoperative course in both cases was uneventful, and no recurrences have been observed as of 44 months and 41 months postoperatively, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, malignant transformation has been reported both with the squamous type and the mixed type of solitary papilloma of the lung. The glandular variant has shown no tendency toward local recurrence after local excision and has no apparent malignant potential. Local excision is thus recommended for solitary glandular papilloma in order to preserve pulmonary function.

Survey of management of solitary thyroid nodules in Germany.

PubMed

Dietlein, M; Wegscheider, K; Vaupel, R; Schmidt, M; Schicha, H

2008-01-01

To compare the opinions of practitioners in primary care with those of thyroid specialists in Germany on the management of solitary thyroid nodules (Papillon 2005). Questionnaires were filled in by 2,191 practitioners and 297 thyroid specialists between June 1 and September 30, 2005. The test cases and their modifications described a solitary thyroid nodule of 2-3 cm with different levels of thyroid function and a hypoechogenic nodule of 1 cm in diameter. TSH determination and sonography were found to be standard procedures, followed by scintigraphy (selected by 84.7% of practitioners and 95.1% of specialists, p < 0.001) and fine needle aspiration cytology (54.5% of practitioners, 57.4% of specialists). For a hypoechogenic nodule calcitonin determination was advocated by 54.0% of endocrinologists and by 32.2% of nuclear medicine physicians (p < 0.001). A euthyroid solitary thyroid nodule would be treated medically by 77.8% of practitioners and by 85.7% of specialists, the combination of levothyroxine and iodine being clearly preferred (60.9% of practitioners and 67.1% of specialists). For a hyperfunctioning nodule the preference of radioiodine therapy was significantly higher in the specialist group (88.8%) than among the practitioners (52.2%). The main differences of opinion between practitioners and specialists focused on calcitonin screening and referral to radioiodine therapy.

Latex modified fibrous concrete : experimental feature : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-03-01

In November 1980, a contractor requested permission to use a 1.5 inch thick Latex Modified Fibrous Concrete (LMFC) overlay in lieu of a 2.5 inch low slump concrete (Iowa System) or a 2.5 inch unreinforced latex modified concrete. The overlays were to...

Electrospinning of caseinates to create protective fibrous mats

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Electrospinning is a nonthermal process that produces fibers on the micron- or nano-scale from a polymer solution. If produced by electrospinning of biopolymer solutions, fibrous mats may be created for protecting foods and allowing for the preservation and controlled release of bioactives for healt...

Electrospinning of caseinates to create protective fibrous mats

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

JUSTIFICATION Electrospinning is a nonthermal process that produces fibers with diameters on the micron- or nano-scales from a polymer solution. If produced by electrospinning of biopolymer solutions, fibrous mats may be created for protecting foods, improving food quality and allowing for the prese...

Galerkin Spectral Method for the 2D Solitary Waves of Boussinesq Paradigm Equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Christou, M. A.; Christov, C. I.

2009-10-29

We consider the 2D stationary propagating solitary waves of the so-called Boussinesq Paradigm equation. The fourth- order elliptic boundary value problem on infinite interval is solved by a Galerkin spectral method. An iterative procedure based on artificial time ('false transients') and operator splitting is used. Results are obtained for the shapes of the solitary waves for different values of the dispersion parameters for both subcritical and supercritical phase speeds.

Micropatterned coculture of vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells on layered electrospun fibrous mats toward blood vessel engineering.

PubMed

Li, Huinan; Liu, Yaowen; Lu, Jinfu; Wei, Jiaojun; Li, Xiaohong

2015-06-01

A major challenge in vascular engineering is the establishment of proper microenvironment to guide the spatial organization, growth, and extracellular matrix (ECM) productions of cells found in blood vessels. In the current study, micropatterned fibrous mats with distinct ridges and grooves of different width were created to load smooth muscle cells (SMCs), which were assembled by stacking on vascular endothelial cell (EC)-loaded flat fibrous mats to mimic the in vivo-like organized structure of blood vessels. SMCs were mainly distributed in the ridges, and aligned fibers in the patterned regions led to the formation of elongated cell bodies, intense actin filaments, and expressions of collagen I and α-smooth muscle actin in a parallel direction with fibers. ECs spread over the flat fibrous mats and expressed collagen IV and laminin with a cobblestone-like feature. A z-stack scanning of fluorescently stained fibrous mats indicated that SMCs effectively infiltrated into fibrous scaffolds at the depth of around 200 μm. Compared with SMCs cultured alone, the coculture with ECs enhanced the proliferation, infiltration, and cytoskeleton elongation of SMCs on patterned fibrous mats. Although the coculture of SMCs made no significant difference in the EC growth, the coculture system on patterned fibrous scaffolds promoted ECM productions of both ECs and SMCs. Thus, this patterned fibrous configuration not only offers a promising technology in the design of tissue engineering scaffolds to construct blood vessels with durable mechanical properties, but also provides a platform for patterned coculture to investigate cell-matrix and cell-cell interactions in highly organized tissues. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Mediating human stem cell behaviour via defined fibrous architectures by melt electrospinning writing.

PubMed

Eichholz, Kian F; Hoey, David A

2018-05-29

The architecture within which cells reside is key to mediating their specific functions within the body. In this study, we use melt electrospinning writing (MEW) to fabricate cell micro-environments with various fibrous architectures to study their effect on human stem cell behaviour. We designed, built and optimised a MEW apparatus and used it to fabricate four different platform designs of 10.4±2μm fibre diameter, with angles between fibres on adjacent layers of 90°, 45°, 10° and R (random). Mechanical characterisation was conducted via tensile testing, and human skeletal stem cells (hSSCs) were seeded to scaffolds to study the effect of architecture on cell morphology and mechanosensing (nuclear YAP). Cell morphology was significantly altered between groups, with cells on 90° scaffolds having a lower aspect ratio, greater spreading, greater cytoskeletal tension and nuclear YAP expression. Long term cell culture studies were then conducted to determine the differentiation potential of scaffolds in terms of alkaline phosphatase activity, collagen and mineral production. Across these studies, an increased cell spreading in 3-dimensions is seen with decreasing alignment of architecture correlated with enhanced osteogenesis. This study therefore highlights the critical role of fibrous architecture in regulating stem cell behaviour with implications for tissue engineering and disease progression. This is the first study which has investigated the effect of controlled fibrous architectures fabricated via melt electrospinning writing on cell behaviour and differentiation. After optimising the process and characterising scaffolds via SEM and tensile testing, cells were seeded to fibrous scaffolds with various micro-architectures and studied in terms of cell morphology. Nuclear YAP expression was further investigated as a marker of cell shape, cytoskeletal tension and differentiation potential. In agreement with these early markers, long term cell culture studies

Pulmonary tumorlets with surrounding fibrous tissue--suspected carcinoma: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Alerić, Ivan; Mosler, Domagoj; Seiwerth, Sven; Polić, Ines Mlinarević; Mosler, Elvira Lazić

2014-06-01

Pulmonary tumorlets are small, often multiple nodular proliferations of pulmonary neuroendocrine cells. They are common incidental findings in chronic inflammatory pulmonary diseases. They can also be found in normal lung parenchyma and as one part of the continuum known as diffuse idiopathic pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia. In many cases, they are incidental histologic findings of no importance or clinical consequences, or they can be associated with a very slow progression of either obstructive or mixed obstructive/restrictive impairment with good prognosis. Only rarely, they metastasize to an adjacent lymph node or produce ectopic neuroendocrine products. When found during diagnostic examination, they represent a doubt to be a malignant tumor until proven otherwise, which is often impossible without biopsy or surgical removal of the adjacent lung lobe. Hereby, we present a patient with a persistent nodular lung structure after being treated for nonspecific symptoms, cough with non purulent sputum and pain among the scapulae, for a period of one month. He had otherwise normal clinical and laboratory findings, except for a mild mixed obstructive/restrictive pattern of impairment that was shown by lung spirometry. After 8 months, he underwent lobectomy of the medial lobe of the lung with partial lymphadenectomy, since the diagnostic methods applied could not define the nature of lung nodular infiltration. Histologic examination showed a few tumorlets surrounded by the fibrous tissue with a very dense lymphocyte infiltration. We present a review of the literature and emphasize the necessity to include tumorlets with adjacent fibrosis as part of the differential diagnosis of a solitary nodular lung structure.

Flame resistant fibrous structures development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Coskren, Robert J.

1992-01-01

The purpose of the current program was (1) to investigate potentially useful new polymers, both for fire safety and mechanical properties, (2) to produce fibers from these polymers if necessary, and (3) to produce sufficient quantities of qualified fibrous structures, composites, or laminates for use in various areas of the Space Shuttle and Space Station Programs. During the past six years, development efforts have been expended in several major areas in support of Space Shuttle missions and Space Station Freedom projects. The summarized results of several of these major efforts are included in this report.

Reinforcement of mono- and bi-layer poly(ethylene glycol) hydrogels with a fibrous collagen scaffold

PubMed Central

Kinneberg, K. R. C.; Nelson, A.; Stender, M.; Aziz, A. H.; Mozdzen, L. C.; Harley, B. A. C.; Bryant, S. J.; Ferguson, V. L.

2015-01-01

Biomaterial-based tissue engineering strategies hold great promise for osteochondral tissue repair. Yet significant challenges remain in joining highly dissimilar materials to achieve a biomimetic, mechanically robust design for repairing interfaces between soft tissue and bone. This study sought to improve interfacial properties and function in a bilayer, multi-phase hydrogel interpenetrated with a fibrous collagen scaffold. ‘Soft’ 10% (w/w) and ‘stiff’ 30% (w/w) PEGDM was formed into mono- or bilayer hydrogels possessing a sharp diffusional interface. Hydrogels were evaluated as single- (hydrogel only) or multi-phase (hydrogel+fibrous scaffold penetrating throughout the stiff layer and extending >500μm into the soft layer). Including a fibrous scaffold into both soft and stiff single-phase hydrogels significantly increased tangent modulus and toughness and decreased lateral expansion under compressive loading. In multi-phase hydrogels, finite element simulations predict substantially reduced stress and strain gradients across the soft—stiff hydrogel interface. When combining two low moduli constituent material, composites theory poorly predicts the observed, large modulus increases. These results suggest material structure associated with the fibrous scaffold penetrating within the PEG hydrogel as the major contributor to improved properties and function – the hydrogel bore compressive loads and the 3D fibrous scaffold was loaded in tension thus resisting lateral expansion. PMID:26001970

Extramedullary Solitary Plasmacytoma: Demonstrating the Role of 18F-FDG PET Imaging

PubMed Central

Gautam, Archana; Sahu, Kamal Kant; Alamgir, Ahsan; Siddiqi, Imran

2017-01-01

An Extramedullary Plasmacytoma (EMP) is characterized by a neoplastic proliferation of clonal plasma cells outside the medullary cavity. EMPs are a rare occurrence compared to other malignant plasma cell disorders and account for approximately 3-5% of plasma-cell neoplasms. Although most cases of EMP are not immediately life threatening at diagnosis, EMPs can progress to Multiple Myeloma (MM) and thus, warrant monitoring. Currently, there are no standard guidelines for when and how to monitor patients who are diagnosed with or treated for a solitary plasmacytoma. We present a case of solitary EMP who was treated adequately and definitively but developed a distinct, non-contiguous subsequent solitary EMP and was only discovered due to surveillance 18F-Fludeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (18F-FDG) (PET) scan. Uniform surveillance guidelines should be developed and the potential benefits of PET and other imaging techniques as well as their cost should be considered. PMID:28571247

Telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia of the liver: a case detected at birth.

PubMed Central

Kim, Han-Seong; Kim, Young A.; Kim, Chong Jai; Suh, Yeon-Lim; Jang, Ja-June; Chi, Je G.

2003-01-01

A case of telangiectatic focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) was detected at birth and was surgically removed. Grossly, the lesion was a solitary nodule and showed vague nodularity, appearing as an adenoma-like mass with fine fibrous septa, but having no macroscopic scar. On microscopic scale, the mass typically had neither fibrous central scar nor hyperplastic nodules different from the usual FNHs. The hepatic plates were separated by sinusoidal dilatation, sometimes alternating with areas of marked ectasia. Instead of large fibrous scar, thin fibrous septa were often found, and contained abnormal tortuous large arteries. These high-pressure vessels were connected directly into the adjacent sinusoids and made marked dilation of sinusoids. Bile ductular proliferation was also noted in the thin fibrous septa. To our knowledge, this is considered to be the first reported case of telangiectatic FNH detected at birth. PMID:14555832

Matrix vesicles in the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque: possible contribution to plaque rupture

PubMed Central

Bobryshev, Y V; Killingsworth, M C; Lord, R S A; Grabs, A J

2008-01-01

Plaque rupture is the most common type of plaque complication and leads to acute ischaemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Calcification has been suggested as a possible indicator of plaque instability. Although the role of matrix vesicles in the initial stages of arterial calcification has been recognized, no studies have yet been carried out to examine a possible role of matrix vesicles in plaque destabilization. Tissue specimens selected for the present study represented carotid specimens obtained from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Serial frozen cross-sections of the tissue specimens were cut and mounted on glass slides. The thickness of the fibrous cap (FCT) in each advanced atherosclerotic lesion, containing a well developed lipid/necrotic core, was measured at its narrowest sites in sets of serial sections. According to established criteria, atherosclerotic plaque specimens were histologically subdivided into two groups: vulnerable plaques with thin fibrous caps (FCT <100 μm) and presumably stable plaques, in which fibrous caps were thicker than 100 μm. Twenty-four carotid plaques (12 vulnerable and 12 presumably stable plaques) were collected for the present analysis of matrix vesicles in fibrous caps. In order to provide a sufficient number of representative areas from each plaque, laser capture microdissection (LCM) was carried out. The quantification of matrix vesicles in ultrathin sections of vulnerable and stable plaques revealed that the numbers of matrix vesicles were significantly higher in fibrous caps of vulnerable plaques than those in stable plaques (8.908±0.544 versus 6.208±0.467 matrix vesicles per 1.92 μm2 standard area; P= 0.0002). Electron microscopy combined with X-ray elemental microanalysis showed that some matrix vesicles in atherosclerotic plaques were undergoing calcification and were characterized by a high content of calcium and phosphorus. The percentage of calcified matrix vesicles

Matrix vesicles in the fibrous cap of atherosclerotic plaque: possible contribution to plaque rupture.

PubMed

Bobryshev, Y V; Killingsworth, M C; Lord, R S A; Grabs, A J

2008-10-01

Plaque rupture is the most common type of plaque complication and leads to acute ischaemic events such as myocardial infarction and stroke. Calcification has been suggested as a possible indicator of plaque instability. Although the role of matrix vesicles in the initial stages of arterial calcification has been recognized, no studies have yet been carried out to examine a possible role of matrix vesicles in plaque destabilization. Tissue specimens selected for the present study represented carotid specimens obtained from patients undergoing carotid endarterectomy. Serial frozen cross-sections of the tissue specimens were cut and mounted on glass slides. The thickness of the fibrous cap (FCT) in each advanced atherosclerotic lesion, containing a well developed lipid/necrotic core, was measured at its narrowest sites in sets of serial sections. According to established criteria, atherosclerotic plaque specimens were histologically subdivided into two groups: vulnerable plaques with thin fibrous caps (FCT <100 microm) and presumably stable plaques, in which fibrous caps were thicker than 100 microm. Twenty-four carotid plaques (12 vulnerable and 12 presumably stable plaques) were collected for the present analysis of matrix vesicles in fibrous caps. In order to provide a sufficient number of representative areas from each plaque, laser capture microdissection (LCM) was carried out. The quantification of matrix vesicles in ultrathin sections of vulnerable and stable plaques revealed that the numbers of matrix vesicles were significantly higher in fibrous caps of vulnerable plaques than those in stable plaques (8.908+0.544 versus 6.208+0.467 matrix vesicles per 1.92 microm2 standard area; P= 0.0002). Electron microscopy combined with X-ray elemental microanalysis showed that some matrix vesicles in atherosclerotic plaques were undergoing calcification and were characterized by a high content of calcium and phosphorus. The percentage of calcified matrix vesicles

SOLITARY IDIOPATHIC CHOROIDITIS IN THE SETTING OF EXTENSIVE ANIMAL EXPOSURE.

PubMed

Kumar, Vivek; Khoo, Chloe T L; Shields, Carol L

2016-01-01

To describe solitary idiopathic choroiditis in the setting of extensive animal exposure. A 56-year-old asymptomatic female equestrian with an extensive history of exposure to horses and dogs and a trapper of wild animals and rodents was discovered to have an amelanotic choroidal mass in the macular region and referred for suspicious atypical nevus. Funduscopy revealed a deep yellow mass with overlying retinal pigment epithelial thinning and without visible subretinal fluid or lipofuscin. Mild hyperautofluorescence represented unmasking of scleral autofluorescence. Ultrasonography showed a 1.8-mm-thick echodense lesion. Enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography disclosed a dense, elevated scleral mass with "volcanic" configuration, demonstrating choroidal compression and trace overlying subretinal fluid. These features were consistent with solitary idiopathic choroiditis/scleritis. Systemic evaluation for standard cat-related bartonellosis, tuberculosis, sarcoidosis, and syphilis were negative. Horse-, dog-, and rodent-related bartonellosis testing was not available. Observation was advised, and the findings remained stable at 6 months. Solitary idiopathic choroiditis is best imaged on enhanced depth imaging-optical coherence tomography as a scleral lesion with "volcanic" configuration and often secondary to previous Bartonella infection. Serologic positivity for cat-related Bartonella decays over time, and testing for horse-, dog-, or rodent-related Bartonella is not commonly used.

Are There Optical Solitary Wave Solutions in Linear Media with Group Velocity Dispersion?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Zhonghao; Zhou, Guosheng

1996-01-01

A generalized exact optical bright solitary wave solution in a three dimensional dispersive linear medium is presented. The most interesting property of the solution is that it can exist in the normal group-velocity-dispersion (GVD) region. In addition, another peculiar feature is that it may achieve a condition of 'zero-dispersion' to the media so that a solitary wave of arbitrarily small amplitude may be propagated with no dependence on is pulse width.

46 CFR 160.035-8 - Construction of fibrous glass reinforced plastic (F.R.P.), oar-, hand-, and motor-propelled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Construction of fibrous glass reinforced plastic (F.R.P... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Lifeboats for Merchant Vessels § 160.035-8 Construction of fibrous glass... set forth in this subpart. (2) Fibrous glass reinforced plastic lifeboats may be of the following...

46 CFR 160.035-8 - Construction of fibrous glass reinforced plastic (F.R.P.), oar-, hand-, and motor-propelled...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Construction of fibrous glass reinforced plastic (F.R.P... APPROVAL LIFESAVING EQUIPMENT Lifeboats for Merchant Vessels § 160.035-8 Construction of fibrous glass... set forth in this subpart. (2) Fibrous glass reinforced plastic lifeboats may be of the following...

Electroactive BaTiO3 nanoparticle-functionalized fibrous scaffolds enhance osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells

PubMed Central

Li, Yiping; Dai, Xiaohan; Bai, Yunyang; Liu, Yun; Wang, Yuehong; Liu, Ousheng; Yan, Fei; Tang, Zhangui; Zhang, Xuehui; Deng, Xuliang

2017-01-01

It has been proven that the surface topographic cues of fiber arrangement can induce osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells. However, this effect alone is weak and insufficient to meet the needs of regenerative medicine. In this work, electroactivity concept was introduced to enhance the osteoinductivity of fibrous scaffolds. The randomly oriented and aligned electroactive fibrous scaffolds of poly-(l-lactic acid) (PLLA) with incorporation of ferroelectric ceramic BaTiO3 (BTO) nanoparticles (NPs) were fabricated by electrospinning. Physicochemical properties, including fiber morphology, microstructure, composition, thermal stability, surface roughness, and surface wettability, of these fibrous scaffolds were studied. The dielectric properties of the scaffolds were evaluated. The results showed that the randomly oriented BTO/PLLA composite fibrous scaffolds had the highest dielectric permittivity of 1.19, which is of the same order of magnitude as the natural bone. The combined effects of fiber orientation and electrical activity on the osteogenic responses of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) were specifically investigated. Randomly oriented composite fibrous scaffolds significantly promoted polygonal spreading and encouraged early osteogenic differentiation in BM-MSCs, whereas aligned composite fibrous scaffolds promoted cell elongation and discouraged osteogenic differentiation. These results evidenced that randomly fiber orientation and biomimetic electric activity have combining effects on osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs. Our findings indicate that coupling effects of multi-physical properties should be paid more attention to mimic the microenvironment for enhancing osteogenic differentiation of BM-MSCs. PMID:28603415

Numerical Modelling of Solitary Wave Experiments on Rubble Mound Breakwaters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guler, H. G.; Arikawa, T.; Baykal, C.; Yalciner, A. C.

2016-12-01

Performance of a rubble mound breakwater protecting Haydarpasa Port, Turkey, has been tested under tsunami attack by physical model tests conducted at Port and Airport Research Institute (Guler et al, 2015). It is aimed to understand dynamic force of the tsunami by conducting solitary wave tests (Arikawa, 2015). In this study, the main objective is to perform numerical modelling of solitary wave tests in order to verify accuracy of the CFD model IHFOAM, developed in OpenFOAM environment (Higuera et al, 2013), by comparing results of the numerical computations with the experimental results. IHFOAM is the numerical modelling tool which is based on VARANS equations with a k-ω SST turbulence model including realistic wave generation, and active wave absorption. Experiments are performed using a Froude scale of 1/30, measuring surface elevation and flow velocity at several locations in the wave channel, and wave pressure around the crown wall of the breakwater. Solitary wave tests with wave heights of H=7.5 cm and H=10 cm are selected which represent the results of the experiments. The first test (H=7.5 cm) is the case that resulted in no damage whereas the second case (H=10 cm) resulted in total damage due to the sliding of the crown wall. After comparison of the preliminary results of numerical simulations with experimental data for both cases, it is observed that solitary wave experiments could be accurately modeled using IHFOAM focusing water surface elevations, flow velocities, and wave pressures on the crown wall of the breakwater (Figure, result of sim. at t=29.6 sec). ACKNOWLEDGEMENTSThe authors acknowledge developers of IHFOAM, further extend their acknowledgements for the partial supports from the research projects MarDiM, ASTARTE, RAPSODI, and TUBITAK 213M534. REFERENCESArikawa (2015) "Consideration of Characteristics of Pressure on Seawall by Solitary Waves Based on Hydraulic Experiments", Jour. of Japan. Soc. of Civ. Eng. Ser. B2 (Coast. Eng.), Vol 71, p I

Compensatory Growth of Congenital Solitary Kidneys in Pigs Reflects Increased Nephron Numbers Rather Than Hypertrophy

PubMed Central

van Vuuren, Stefan H.; Sol, Chalana M.; Broekhuizen, Roel; Lilien, Marc R.; Oosterveld, Michiel J. S.; Nguyen, Tri Q.

2012-01-01

Background Patients with unilateral MultiCystic Kidney Dysplasia (MCKD) or unilateral renal agenesis (URA) have a congenital solitary functioning kidney (CSFK) that is compensatory enlarged. The question whether this enlargement is due to increased nephron numbers and/or to nephron hypertrophy is unresolved. This question is of utmost clinical importance, since hypertrophy is associated with a risk of developing hypertension and proteinuria later in life with consequent development of CKD and cardiovascular disease. Methodology/Principal Findings In a cohort of 32,000 slaughter pigs, 7 congenital solitary functioning kidneys and 7 control kidneys were identified and harvested. Cortex volume was measured and with a 3-dimensional stereologic technique the number and volume of glomeruli was determined and compared. The mean total cortex volume was increased by more than 80% and the mean number of glomeruli per kidney was 50% higher in CSFKs than in a single control kidney, equaling 75% of the total nephron number in both kidneys of control subjects. The mean total glomerular volume in the CSFKs was not increased relative to the controls. Conclusions/Significance Thus, in pigs, compensatory enlargement of a CSFK is based on increased nephron numbers. Extrapolation of these findings to the human situation suggests that patients with a CSFK might not be at increased risk for developing hyperfiltration-associated renal and cardiovascular disease in later life due to a lower nephron number. PMID:23185419

High population variability and source-sink dynamics in a solitary bee species.

PubMed

Franzén, Markus; Nilsson, Sven G

2013-06-01

Although solitary bees are considered to play key roles in ecosystem functions, surprisingly few studies have explored their population dynamics. We investigated the population dynamics of a rare, declining, solitary bee (Andrena humilis) in a landscape of 80 km2 in southern Sweden from 2003 to 2011. Only one population was persistent throughout all years studied; most likely this population supplied the surrounding landscape with 11 smaller, temporary local populations. Despite stable pollen availability, the size of the persistent population fluctuated dramatically in a two-year cycle over the nine years, with 490-1230 nests in odd-numbered years and 21-48 nests in even-numbered years. These fluctuations were not significantly related to climatic variables or pollen availability. Nineteen colonization and 14 extinction events were recorded. Occupancy decreased with distance from the persistent population and increased with increasing resource (pollen) availability. There were significant positive correlations between the size of the persistent population and patch occupancy and colonization. Colonizations were generally more common in patches closer to the persistent population, whereas extinctions were independent of distance from the persistent population. Our results highlight the complex population dynamics that exist for this solitary bee species, which could be due to source-sink dynamics, a prolonged diapause, or can represent a bet-hedging strategy to avoid natural enemies and survive in small habitat patches. If large fluctuations in solitary bee populations prove to be widespread, it will have important implications for interpreting ecological relationships, bee conservation, and pollination.

Locked-in syndrome caused by a solitary pontine abscess.

PubMed Central

Murphy, M J; Brenton, D W; Aschenbrener, C A; Van Gilder, J C

1979-01-01

The clinical and pathological findings in a patient with locked-in syndrome caused by a solitary pontine abscess are reported for the first time. Successful treatment of brainstem abscess rests on early and accurate diagnosis. Images PMID:501372

X-ray diffraction study of the mineralogy of microinclusions in fibrous diamond

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Evan; Kopylova, Maya; Dubrovinksy, Leonid

2010-05-01

Fibrous diamond, occurring both as cuboids and as coatings over non-fibrous diamond nuclei, is translucent due to the presence of millions of sub-micron-sized mineral and fluid inclusions. Diamond is strong and relatively inert, making it an excellent vessel to preserve trapped materials. These microinclusions represent direct samples of natural diamond-forming mantle fluids, and are critical for our understanding of diamond genesis. Traditionally, infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, secondary ion mass spectrometry, electron microprobe, and FIB-TEM techniques have proven to be effective for the study of microinclusions in diamond. The abundance and random orientation of included minerals in fibrous diamond make them amenable to a powder-type X-ray diffraction (XRD) technique. This technique provides an accurate way to identify included minerals. It also has the advantage of analyzing thousands of inclusions simultaneously, rather than analyzing one inclusion at a time, as with common FIB-TEM techniques. XRD provides a bulk analysis, giving a superior measure of relative abundances of included minerals, as well as potentially accounting for small quantities of minerals that might otherwise be overlooked. We studied fibrous cuboid diamonds with microinclusions from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) (23 samples), Brazil (4 samples), Jericho (1 sample), and Wawa conglomerates (9 samples). XRD analysis was performed at the Bayerisches Geoinstitut (BGI), University of Bayreuth, Germany. The unique XRD setup consists of a RIGAKU FR-D high-brilliance source, OSMIC Inc. Confocal Max-Flux optics, and a SMART APEX 4K CCD area detector. Preliminary XRD studies of microinclusions 8 fibrous diamonds from the DRC showed a prevalence of silicates with structural and coordinated H2O. Sheet silicates constituted 9 out of 13 detected minerals, with phlogopite-biotite micas being present in 4 out of 8 samples. Other detected minerals were 2 chlorite minerals, 2 clay

How experimentally to detect a solitary superconductivity in dirty ferromagnet-superconductor trilayers?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avdeev, Maxim V.; Proshin, Yurii N.

2017-10-01

We theoretically study the proximity effect in the thin-film layered ferromagnet (F) - superconductor (S) heterostructures in F1F2S design. We consider the boundary value problem for the Usadel-like equations in the case of so-called ;dirty; limit. The ;latent; superconducting pairing interaction in F layers taken into account. The focus is on the recipe of experimental preparation the state with so-called solitary superconductivity. We also propose and discuss the model of the superconducting spin valve based on F1F2S trilayers in solitary superconductivity regime.

Biodiesel fuel production from waste cooking oil using radiation-grafted fibrous catalysts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ueki, Yuji; Saiki, Seiichi; Hoshina, Hiroyuki; Seko, Noriaki

2018-02-01

Waste cooking oil, which can be used as a raw material for biodiesel fuel (BDF), contains two kinds of oil components: triglycerides (TGs) and free fatty acids (FFAs). Therefore, both alkaline-type and acid-type catalysts are needed to produce BDF from waste cooking oil. In this study, an alkaline-type grafted fibrous catalyst bearing OH- ions was synthesized by radiation-induced emulsion grafting of 4-chloromethylstyrene onto a polyethylene-coated polypropylene (PE/PP) nonwoven fabric, amination with trimethylamine, and further treatment with NaOH. Furthermore, an acid-type catalyst bearing H+ ions was synthesized by radiation-induced emulsion grafting of ethyl p-styrenesulfonate onto a PE/PP nonwoven fabric, saponification with NaOH, and protonation with HNO3. The OH- and H+ densities of the grafted fibrous catalysts were controlled by the grafting yield. The maximum OH- and H+ densities of the catalysts were 3.6 mmol-OH-/g-catalyst and 3.4 mmol-H+/g-catalyst, respectively. The performances of the catalysts were evaluated in the batchwise transesterification of TGs and ethanol, and the batchwise esterification of FFAs and ethanol. In both cases, TGs and FFAs were gradually converted into BDF. The mixed oil and four actual waste cooking oils, which contained both TGs and FFAs, were completely converted into BDF by sequential catalytic reactions with the acid-type grafted fibrous catalyst and then the alkaline-type grafted fibrous catalyst.

Effect of electron temperature on small-amplitude electron acoustic solitary waves in non-planar geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bansal, Sona; Aggarwal, Munish; Gill, Tarsem Singh

2018-04-01

Effects of electron temperature on the propagation of electron acoustic solitary waves in plasma with stationary ions, cold and superthermal hot electrons is investigated in non-planar geometry employing reductive perturbation method. Modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is derived in the small amplitude approximation limit. The analytical and numerical calculations of the KdV equation reveal that the phase velocity of the electron acoustic waves increases as one goes from planar to non planar geometry. It is shown that the electron temperature ratio changes the width and amplitude of the solitary waves and when electron temperature is not taken into account,our results completely agree with the results of Javidan & Pakzad (2012). It is found that at small values of τ , solitary wave structures behave differently in cylindrical ( {m} = 1), spherical ( {m} = 2) and planar geometry ( {m} = 0) but looks similar at large values of τ . These results may be useful to understand the solitary wave characteristics in laboratory and space environments where the plasma have multiple temperature electrons.

[Clinical features, diagnosis and surgical treatment of solitary air cysts of the lungs].

PubMed

Gudovskiĭ, L M; Platov, I I; Korenev, A E

2001-01-01

86 cases of solitary air cysts of the lung (6.83% of all maldevelopments) were analyzed. This maldevelopment of bronchial tree is found most often in men (10:7) and more often in the right lung than in the left (18:13). There were no clinical symptoms in 33 (38.37%) patients. Uncomplicated course of the disease was in 51 (59.3%) patients, the disease was complicated by infection in 28 (32.56%) patients. Solitary bronchial cysts were complicated by spontaneous pneumothorax in 8.14% cases, by hemoptysis--in 6.98%. Roentgenography of the chest thorax on two projections and tomography (including CT) are enough for diagnosis of solitary air bronchial cysts. Bronchoscopy, bronchography and APG are not much informative in diagnosis of cysts and should be used on special indications. Cystectomy or cystectomy with partial resection of lung tissue were performed in 67.14% patients with good results.

Physical and chemical characteristics of fibrous peat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sutejo, Yulindasari; Saggaff, Anis; Rahayu, Wiwik; Hanafiah

2017-11-01

Banyuasin is one of the regency in South Sumatera which has an area of 200.000 Ha of peat land. Peat soil are characterized by high compressibility parameters and low initial shear strength. Block sampling method was used to obtain undisturbed sample. The results of this paper describe the characteristics of peat soil from physical and chemical testing. The physical and chemical characteristics of peat include water content (ω), specific gravity (Gs), Acidity (pH), unit weight (γ), and ignition loss tests. SEM and EDS test was done to determine the differences in fiber content and to analyze chemical elements of the specimen. The average results ω, Gs, and pH are 263.538 %, 1.847, and 3.353. Peat is classified in H4 (by Von Post). The results of organic content (OC), ash content (AC), and fiber content (FC) are found 78.693 %, 21.310 %, and 73.703 %. From the results of physical and chemical tests, the peat in Banyuasin is classified as fibrous peat. All the results of the characteristics and classification of fibrous peat compared with published data were close.

Physical Processes Involved In Yellow Sea Solitary Waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warn-Varnas, A.; Chin-Bing, S.; King, D.; Lamb, K.; Hawkins, J.; Teixeira, M.

The study area is located south of the Shandong peninsula. In this area, soliton gener- ation and propagation studies are per formed with the Lamb(1994) model. The model is nonhydrostatic and is formulated in 2 1/2 dimensions for terrain following c oordi- nates. In the area, 20 to 30 m topographic variations over distances of 10 to 20 km are found to occur in the digit al atlas of Choi (1999). The area is shallow with maximum depths ranging from 40 m to 70 m. Along the southern boundary of the region the semi-diurnal tidal strength magnitude varies from .6 m/sec to 1.2 m/sec, Fang(1994). We show that, for sum mer conditions, the existing physical processes associated with the semi-diurnal tidal flow over the topographic variations , in the shelfbreak region, lead to the formation of internal bores in the model simulations. Through acting phys- ical proce sses, the internal bores propagate on and off the shelf. A disintegration process of internal bores into solitary waves occ urs through frequency and ampli- tude dispersion. SAR observations of the area show images containing six events con- sisting of internal bores and solitary waves that travel in a well-defined direction for two and a half days. The origin of the trains appeared to be at a point along a steep topo graphic drop. The SAR observations are used for guiding and tuning the model simulations, by comparing spectra of observed and modeled wavelengths. The tuned model yields wavelengths that are within a factor of 2 of the SAR data. The modeled amp litudes are within a factor of 2 of amplitudes obtained with a two-layer model and the SAR data The signature on the acoustical field of ongoing physical processes through the interaction of the resultant oceanic struct ure with the acoustical field is pursued. Internal bore and solitary wave structures interact with the acoustic field. A re distribution of acoustical energy to higher acoustical modes occurs at some fre- quencies. Mode decomposition of the

Spatial Dynamics Methods for Solitary Waves on a Ferrofluid Jet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groves, M. D.; Nilsson, D. V.

2018-04-01

This paper presents existence theories for several families of axisymmetric solitary waves on the surface of an otherwise cylindrical ferrofluid jet surrounding a stationary metal rod. The ferrofluid, which is governed by a general (nonlinear) magnetisation law, is subject to an azimuthal magnetic field generated by an electric current flowing along the rod. The ferrohydrodynamic problem for axisymmetric travelling waves is formulated as an infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian system in which the axial direction is the time-like variable. A centre-manifold reduction technique is employed to reduce the system to a locally equivalent Hamiltonian system with a finite number of degrees of freedom, and homoclinic solutions to the reduced system, which correspond to solitary waves, are detected by dynamical-systems methods.

Application of Transistors in Textiles: Monitoring Water Transportation Behaviour in Fibrous Assemblies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatterjee, Arobindo; Singh, Pratibha; Ghosh, Subrata

2017-06-01

Simple semiconductor device has been used for amplifying the analog signals, obtained with the change in electrical resistance in fibrous assembly and converting these amplified copies of signals to digital signals. This paper deals with the application of transistors as amplifier, as well as switch. Different circuit configurations using transistors have been tried for sensing and reciprocating the real time data on suitable display device. It is found that transistors configured as common-emitter amplifiers can precisely sense the liquid at the surface of fibrous assembly at different levels with respect to time.

Fibrous nonlinear elasticity enables positive mechanical feedback between cells and ECMs

PubMed Central

Hall, Matthew S.; Alisafaei, Farid; Ban, Ehsan; Feng, Xinzeng; Hui, Chung-Yuen; Shenoy, Vivek B.; Wu, Mingming

2016-01-01

In native states, animal cells of many types are supported by a fibrous network that forms the main structural component of the ECM. Mechanical interactions between cells and the 3D ECM critically regulate cell function, including growth and migration. However, the physical mechanism that governs the cell interaction with fibrous 3D ECM is still not known. In this article, we present single-cell traction force measurements using breast tumor cells embedded within 3D collagen matrices. We recreate the breast tumor mechanical environment by controlling the microstructure and density of type I collagen matrices. Our results reveal a positive mechanical feedback loop: cells pulling on collagen locally align and stiffen the matrix, and stiffer matrices, in return, promote greater cell force generation and a stiffer cell body. Furthermore, cell force transmission distance increases with the degree of strain-induced fiber alignment and stiffening of the collagen matrices. These findings highlight the importance of the nonlinear elasticity of fibrous matrices in regulating cell–ECM interactions within a 3D context, and the cell force regulation principle that we uncover may contribute to the rapid mechanical tissue stiffening occurring in many diseases, including cancer and fibrosis. PMID:27872289

Nanostructured Silica-Titania Hybrid using Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica as a Photocatalyst.

PubMed

Bayal, Nisha; Singh, Rustam; Polshettiwar, Vivek

2017-05-22

A new method has been developed to fabricate active TiO 2 photocatalysts by tuning the morphology of the catalyst support. A sustainable solution-phase TiO 2 deposition on dendritic fibrous nanosilica (DFNS) protocol is developed, which is better than the complex and expensive atomic layer deposition technique. In general, catalytic activity decreases with an increased TiO 2 loading on conventional mesoporous silica because of the loss of the surface area caused by the blocking of pores. Notably, in the case of the dendritic fibrous nanosilica KCC-1 as a support, because of its open fibrous morphology, even at the highest TiO 2 loading, a relatively large amount of surface area remained intact. This improved the accessibility of active sites, which increased the catalytic performance of the KCC-1/TiO 2 photocatalyst. KCC-1-supported TiO 2 is a superior photocatalyst in terms of H 2 generation (26.4 mmol gTiO2 -1  h -1 ) under UV light. This study may provide a new direction for photocatalyst development through the morphology control of the support. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

[The influence of "rigidity" and structure of fibrous dust on their biological activity].

PubMed

Troitskaia, N A; Velichkovskiĭ, B T; Vanchugova, N N

2000-01-01

The authors represent experimental data on cytotoxic, fibrogenic and mutagenic effects of fibrous dusts--"soft" pulp fibers and "stiff" ones (chrysotile-asbestos, carbon, basalt and fiber glass) in comparison with the nonfibrous analogs (antigorit, quartz DQ-12 and others). Viability of peritoneal macrophages was depressed more dramatically by "stiff" fibers vs. the "soft" ones. Mutagenic activity was associated with the "stiffness" degree of the dust particles. When compared to fibrous chemical dusts, nonfibrous ones appeared inert in micronuclear test.

Composite Resin Dosimeters: A New Concept and Design for a Fibrous Color Dosimeter.

PubMed

Kinashi, Kenji; Iwata, Takato; Tsuchida, Hayato; Sakai, Wataru; Tsutsumi, Naoto

2018-04-11

Polystyrene (PS)-based composite microfibers combined with a photochromic spiropyran dye, 1,3,3-trimethylindolino-6'-nitrobenzopyrylospiran (6-nitro BIPS), and a photostimulable phosphor, europium-doped barium fluorochloride (BaFCl:Eu 2+ ), were developed for the detection of X-ray exposure doses on the order of approximately 1 Gy. To produce the PS-based composite microfibers, we employed a forcespinning method that embeds a high concentration of phosphor in PS in a safe, inexpensive, and simple procedure. On the basis of the optimization of the forcespinning process, fibrous color dosimeters with a high radiation dose sensitivity of 1.2-4.4 Gy were fabricated. The color of the dosimeters was found to transition from white to blue in response to X-ray exposure. The optimized fibrous color dosimeter, made from a solution having a PS/6-nitro BIPS/BaFCl:Eu 2+ /C 2 Cl 4 ratio of 7.0/0.21/28.0/28.0 (wt %) and produced with a 290 mm distance between the needle and collectors, a 0.34 mm 23 G needle nozzle, and a spinneret rotational rate of 3000 rpm, exhibited sensitivity to a dose as low as 1.2 Gy. To realize practical applications, we manufactured the optimized fibrous color dosimeter into a clothlike color dosimeter. The clothlike color dosimeter was mounted on a stuffed bear, and its coloring behavior was demonstrated upon X-ray exposure. After exposure with X-ray, a blue colored and shaped in the form of the letter "[Formula: see text]" clearly appeared on the surface of the clothlike color dosimeter. The proposed fibrous color dosimeters having excellent workability will be an unprecedented dosimetry and contributed to all industries utilizing radiation dosimeters. This new fibrous "composite resin dosimeter" should be able to replace traditional, wearable, and individual radiation dose monitoring devices, such as film badges.

Fluid flow shear stress over podocytes is increased in the solitary kidney

PubMed Central

Srivastava, Tarak; Celsi, Gianni E.; Sharma, Mukut; Dai, Hongying; McCarthy, Ellen T.; Ruiz, Melanie; Cudmore, Patricia A.; Alon, Uri S.; Sharma, Ram; Savin, Virginia A.

2014-01-01

Background Glomerular hyperfiltration is emerging as the key risk factor for progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Podocytes are exposed to fluid flow shear stress (FFSS) caused by the flow of ultrafiltrate within Bowman's space. The mechanism of hyperfiltration-induced podocyte injury is not clear. We postulated that glomerular hyperfiltration in solitary kidney increases FFSS over podocytes. Methods Infant Sprague–Dawley rats at 5 days of age and C57BL/6J 14-week-old adult mice underwent unilateral nephrectomy. Micropuncture and morphological studies were then performed on 20- and 60-day-old rats. FFSS over podocytes in uninephrectomized rats and mice was calculated using the recently published equation by Friedrich et al. which includes the variables—single nephron glomerular filtration rate (SNGFR), filtration fraction (f), glomerular tuft diameter (2RT) and width of Bowman's space (s). Results Glomerular hypertrophy was observed in uninephrectomized rats and mice. Uninephrectomized rats on Day 20 showed a 2.0-fold increase in SNGFR, 1.0-fold increase in 2RT and 2.1-fold increase in FFSS, and on Day 60 showed a 1.9-fold increase in SNGFR, 1.3-fold increase in 2RT and 1.5-fold increase in FFSS, at all values of modeled ‘s’. Similarly, uninephrectomized mice showed a 2- to 3-fold increase in FFSS at all values of modeled SNGFR. Conclusions FFSS over podocytes is increased in solitary kidneys in both infant rats and adult mice. This increase is a consequence of increased SNGFR. We speculate that increased FFSS caused by reduced nephron number contributes to podocyte injury and promotes the progression of CKD. PMID:24166460

[Differences in sports participation for children and adolescents with solitary kidney due to renal tumors across Europe. Time for harmonization].

PubMed

Spreafico, F; Terenziani, M; Ardissino, G; Calegari, M; Catania, S; Massimino, M

2015-02-01

As a result of advances in treatment, almost 90% of children diagnosed with Wilms tumor became long-term survivors, and have a sustainable quality of life. These patients' involvement in sports during their childhood is hopefully increasing too. The cornerstone of renal tumor cure remains radical nephrectomy, however, so survivors live with a solitary kidney. In most European countries and the USA, the involvement in sports of children with a solitary kidney depends on a responsible physician saying a "qualified yes", pending individual assessment. Unlike the case in the rest of Europe, in Italy having only one kidney automatically disqualifies an individual wishing to participate in any organized "competitive" sports carrying some risk of renal trauma, including basketball, soccer and sometime volleyball. This absolute restriction is based on ad hoc Ministerial rulings concerning "Health protection in sport activities". But available data do not seem to support such an absolute limitation on participation in sports based exclusively on the fact of having a single kidney. The sport-specific incidence of kidney injuries has been estimated at 2.3 injuries per million male athlete/exposures for basketball (2.5 for females), and 2.6 for soccer (6.0 for girls). Kidney injuries are significantly more rare than head or spine injuries. This article aims to provide Italian sport medicine specialists and policy-makers with the necessary background so that the current, over-protective "unquestionably no" response can be reconsidered, and converted into a still well-founded, more permissive attitude to the sports activities suitable for any children with a solitary normal kidney.

Examination of Libby, Montana, Fill Material for Background Levels of Amphibole from the Rainy Creek Complex Using Scanning Electron Microscopy and X-Ray Microanalysis

USGS Publications Warehouse

Adams, David T.; Langer, William H.; Hoefen, Todd M.; Van Gosen, Bradley S.; Meeker, Gregory P.

2010-01-01

Natural background levels of Libby-type amphibole in the sediment of the Libby valley in Montana have not, up to this point, been determined. The purpose of this report is to provide the preliminary findings of a study designed by both the U.S. Geological Survey and the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and performed by the U.S. Geological Survey. The study worked to constrain the natural background levels of fibrous amphiboles potentially derived from the nearby Rainy Creek Complex. The material selected for this study was sampled from three localities, two of which are active open-pit sand and gravel mines. Seventy samples were collected in total and examined using a scanning electron microscope equipped with an energy dispersive x-ray spectrometer. All samples contained varying amounts of feldspars, ilmenite, magnetite, quartz, clay minerals, pyroxene minerals, and non-fibrous amphiboles such as tremolite, actinolite, and magnesiohornblende. Of the 70 samples collected, only three had detectable levels of fibrous amphiboles compatible with those found in the rainy creek complex. The maximum concentration, identified here, of the amphiboles potentially from the Rainy Creek Complex is 0.083 percent by weight.

An improved automotive brake lining using fibrous potassium titanate

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mansfield, J. A.; Halberstadt, M. L.; Riccitiello, S. R.; Rhee, S. K.

1976-01-01

Simultaneous fade reduction and wear improvement of a commercial automotive brake lining were achieved by adding fibrous potassium titanate. The dependence of friction and wear characteristics on quantitative variations in potassium titanate, asbestos, phenolic binder, and organic and inorganic modifiers was evaluated.

Geometric characterization and simulation of planar layered elastomeric fibrous biomaterials

DOE PAGES

Carleton, James B.; D’Amore, Antonio; Feaver, Kristen R.; ...

2014-10-13

Many important biomaterials are composed of multiple layers of networked fibers. While there is a growing interest in modeling and simulation of the mechanical response of these biomaterials, a theoretical foundation for such simulations has yet to be firmly established. Moreover, correctly identifying and matching key geometric features is a critically important first step for performing reliable mechanical simulations. This paper addresses these issues in two ways. First, using methods of geometric probability, we develop theoretical estimates for the mean linear and areal fiber intersection densities for 2-D fibrous networks. These densities are expressed in terms of the fiber densitymore » and the orientation distribution function, both of which are relatively easy-to-measure properties. Secondly, we develop a random walk algorithm for geometric simulation of 2-D fibrous networks which can accurately reproduce the prescribed fiber density and orientation distribution function. Furthermore, the linear and areal fiber intersection densities obtained with the algorithm are in agreement with the theoretical estimates. Both theoretical and computational results are compared with those obtained by post-processing of scanning electron microscope images of actual scaffolds. These comparisons reveal difficulties inherent to resolving fine details of multilayered fibrous networks. Finally, the methods provided herein can provide a rational means to define and generate key geometric features from experimentally measured or prescribed scaffold structural data.« less

Low-grade central osteosarcoma of distal femur, resembling fibrous dysplasia

PubMed Central

Vasiliadis, Haris S; Arnaoutoglou, Christina; Plakoutsis, Sotiris; Doukas, Michalis; Batistatou, Anna; Xenakis, Theodoros A

2013-01-01

We report a case of a 32 year-old male, admitted for a lytic lesion of the distal femur. One month after the first X-ray, clinical and imaging deterioration was evident. Open biopsy revealed fibrous dysplasia. Three months later, the lytic lesion had spread to the whole distal third of the femur reaching the articular cartilage. The malignant clinical and imaging features necessitated excision of the lesion and reconstruction with a custom-made total knee arthroplasty. Intra-operatively, no obvious soft tissue infiltration was evident. Nevertheless, an excision of the distal 15.5 cm of the femur including 3.0 cm of the surrounding muscles was finally performed. The histological examination of the excised specimen revealed central low-grade osteosarcoma. Based on the morphological features of the excised tumor, allied to the clinical findings, the diagnosis of low-grade central osteosarcoma was finally made although characters of a fibrous dysplasia were apparent. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is a rare, well-differentiated sub-type of osteosarcoma, with clinical, imaging, and histological features similar to benign tumours. Thus, initial misdiagnosis is usual with the condition commonly mistaken for fibrous dysplasia. Central low-grade osteosarcoma is usually treated with surgery alone, with rare cases of distal metastases. However, regional recurrence is quite frequent after close margin excision. PMID:24147271

Micro-poromechanics model of fluid-saturated chemically active fibrous media.

PubMed

Misra, Anil; Parthasarathy, Ranganathan; Singh, Viraj; Spencer, Paulette

2015-02-01

We have developed a micromechanics based model for chemically active saturated fibrous media that incorporates fiber network microstructure, chemical potential driven fluid flow, and micro-poromechanics. The stress-strain relationship of the dry fibrous media is first obtained by considering the fiber behavior. The constitutive relationships applicable to saturated media are then derived in the poromechanics framework using Hill's volume averaging. The advantage of this approach is that the resultant continuum model accounts for the discrete nature of the individual fibers while retaining a form suitable for porous materials. As a result, the model is able to predict the influence of micro-scale phenomena, such as the fiber pre-strain caused by osmotic effects and evolution of fiber network structure with loading, on the overall behavior and in particular, on the poromechanics parameters. Additionally, the model can describe fluid-flow related rate-dependent behavior under confined and unconfined conditions and varying chemical environments. The significance of the approach is demonstrated by simulating unconfined drained monotonic uniaxial compression under different surrounding fluid bath molarity, and fluid-flow related creep and relaxation at different loading-levels and different surrounding fluid bath molarity. The model predictions conform to the experimental observations for saturated soft fibrous materials. The method can potentially be extended to other porous materials such as bone, clays, foams and concrete.

Geometric characterization and simulation of planar layered elastomeric fibrous biomaterials

PubMed Central

Carleton, James B.; D'Amore, Antonio; Feaver, Kristen R.; Rodin, Gregory J.; Sacks, Michael S.

2014-01-01

Many important biomaterials are composed of multiple layers of networked fibers. While there is a growing interest in modeling and simulation of the mechanical response of these biomaterials, a theoretical foundation for such simulations has yet to be firmly established. Moreover, correctly identifying and matching key geometric features is a critically important first step for performing reliable mechanical simulations. The present work addresses these issues in two ways. First, using methods of geometric probability we develop theoretical estimates for the mean linear and areal fiber intersection densities for two-dimensional fibrous networks. These densities are expressed in terms of the fiber density and the orientation distribution function, both of which are relatively easy-to-measure properties. Secondly, we develop a random walk algorithm for geometric simulation of two-dimensional fibrous networks which can accurately reproduce the prescribed fiber density and orientation distribution function. Furthermore, the linear and areal fiber intersection densities obtained with the algorithm are in agreement with the theoretical estimates. Both theoretical and computational results are compared with those obtained by post-processing of SEM images of actual scaffolds. These comparisons reveal difficulties inherent to resolving fine details of multilayered fibrous networks. The methods provided herein can provide a rational means to define and generate key geometric features from experimentally measured or prescribed scaffold structural data. PMID:25311685

Biomimetic poly(lactide) based fibrous scaffolds for ligament tissue engineering.

PubMed

Surrao, Denver C; Waldman, Stephen D; Amsden, Brian G

2012-11-01

The aim of this study was to fabricate a fibrous scaffold that closely resembled the micro-structural architecture and mechanical properties of collagen fibres found in the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). To achieve this aim, fibrous scaffolds were made by electrospinning L-lactide based polymers. L-Lactide was chosen primarily due to its demonstrated biocompatibility, biodegradability and high modulus. The electrospun fibres were collected in tension on a rotating wire mandrel. Upon treating these fibres in a heated aqueous environment, they possessed a crimp-like pattern having a wavelength and amplitude similar to that of native ACL collagen. Of the polymer fibre scaffolds studied, those made from poly(L-lactide-co-D,L-lactide) PLDLA exhibited the highest modulus and were also the most resilient to in vitro hydrolytic degradation, undergoing a slight decrease in modulus compared to the other polymeric fibres over a 6 month period. Bovine fibroblasts seeded on the wavy, crimp-like PLDLA fibres attached, proliferated and deposited extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules on the surface of the fibrous scaffold. In addition, the deposited ECM exhibited bundle formation that resembled the fascicles found in native ACL. These findings demonstrate the importance of replicating the geometric microenvironment in developing effective tissue engineering scaffolds. Copyright © 2012 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Study of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia cases diagnosed from 1979 to 2001.

PubMed

Macedo Firoozmand, Leily; Dias Almeida, Janete; Guimarães Cabral, Luiz Antonio

2005-01-01

The purpose of this research was to study the cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (IFH) at the Clinic of Semiology, Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis, São Jose dos Campos Dental School, State University of São Paulo, Brazil. A total of 141 clinical file cards indicating a final diagnosis of IFH, from the archives of the Department of Bioscience and Oral Diagnosis and dated from 1979 to 2001, were included in the study. Of these files, 50 indicated a diagnosis of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia. Sex, age, race, duration, and clinical features that confirm their classification in the non-neoplastic proliferating process were analyzed statistically. Of the 50 analyzed cases of denture-induced lesion, 22% occurred in men and 78% in women. Patients in the age group of 41 to 50 years presented the highest frequency of the lesion. Inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia occurs more frequently in women (71.63%), and denture-induced lesions appear mainly in patients over 40 years of age (70% of cases). Patients with denture-induced hyperplasia reported pain associated with the lesion (70%).

Progressive solitary sclerosis: Gradual motor impairment from a single CNS demyelinating lesion.

PubMed

Keegan, B Mark; Kaufmann, Timothy J; Weinshenker, Brian G; Kantarci, Orhun H; Schmalstieg, William F; Paz Soldan, M Mateo; Flanagan, Eoin P

2016-10-18

To report patients with progressive motor impairment resulting from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion in cerebral, brainstem, or spinal cord white matter that we call progressive solitary sclerosis. Thirty patients were identified with (1) progressive motor impairment for over 1 year with a single radiologically identified CNS demyelinating lesion along corticospinal tracts, (2) absence of other demyelinating CNS lesions, and (3) no history of relapses affecting other CNS pathways. Twenty-five were followed prospectively in our multiple sclerosis (MS) clinic and 5 were identified retrospectively from our progressive MS database. Patients were excluded if an alternative etiology for progressive motor impairment was found. Multiple brain and spinal cord MRI were reviewed by a neuroradiologist blinded to the clinical details. The patients' median age was 48.5 years (range 23-71) and 15 (50%) were women. The median follow-up from symptom onset was 100 months (range 15-343 months). All had insidiously progressive upper motor neuron weakness attributable to the solitary demyelinating lesion found on MRI. Clinical presentations were hemiparesis/monoparesis (n = 24), quadriparesis (n = 5), and paraparesis (n = 1). Solitary MRI lesions involved cervical spinal cord (n = 18), cervico-medullary/brainstem region (n = 6), thoracic spinal cord (n = 4), and subcortical white matter (n = 2). CSF abnormalities consistent with MS were found in 13 of 26 (50%). Demyelinating disease was confirmed pathologically in 2 (biopsy, 1; autopsy, 1). Progressive solitary sclerosis results from an isolated CNS demyelinating lesion. Future revisions to MS diagnostic criteria could incorporate this presentation of demyelinating disease. © 2016 American Academy of Neurology.

Development of flame resistant treatment for Nomex fibrous structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toy, M. S.

1977-01-01

Flame resistant fibrous materials for space shuttle application were developed through chemical modification of commercially available aromatic polyamide fibrous products. The new surface treatment was achieved in the laboratory by ultraviolet activation of the fabric in the presence of fluoroolefin monomers and a diluent gas. The monomers grafted under these conditions provide the improved properties of the fabric in flame resistance, chemical inertness, and nonwettability without the sacrifice of color or physical properties. The laboratory reaction vessel was scaled-up to a batch continuous process, which treats ten yards of the commercial width textiles. The treated commercial width Nomex (HT-10-41) from the scaled-up reactor is self-extinguishing in an oxygen-enriched environment, water-repellent, soft, silky, and improved in chemical resistance. Unlike most textile processes, the grafting unit operates under dry conditions and no chemical by-products have to be washed out of the finished product.

Effect of anisotropic dust pressure and superthermal electrons on propagation and stability of dust acoustic solitary waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bashir, M. F., E-mail: frazbashir@yahoo.com; Behery, E. E., E-mail: eebehery@gmail.com; Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, P.O. 34517, New Damietta

2015-06-15

Employing the reductive perturbation technique, Zakharov–Kuznetzov (ZK) equation is derived for dust acoustic (DA) solitary waves in a magnetized plasma which consists the effects of dust anisotropic pressure, arbitrary charged dust particles, Boltzmann distributed ions, and Kappa distributed superthermal electrons. The ZK solitary wave solution is obtained. Using the small-k expansion method, the stability analysis for DA solitary waves is also discussed. The effects of the dust pressure anisotropy and the electron superthermality on the basic characteristics of DA waves as well as on the three-dimensional instability criterion are highlighted. It is found that the DA solitary wave is rarefactivemore » (compressive) for negative (positive) dust. In addition, the growth rate of instability increases rapidly as the superthermal spectral index of electrons increases with either positive or negative dust grains. A brief discussion for possible applications is included.« less

Two-dimensional solitary waves and periodic waves on coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Heng; Zheng, Shuhua

2017-06-01

By using the dynamical system approach, the exact travelling wave solutions for a system of coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines are studied. Based on this method, the bifurcations of phase portraits of a dynamical system are given. The two-dimensional solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions on coupled nonlinear transmission lines are obtained. With the aid of Maple, the numerical simulations are conducted for solitary wave solutions and periodic wave solutions to the model equation. The results presented in this paper improve upon previous studies.

Solitary waves with weak transverse perturbations in quantum dusty plasmas

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ur-Rehman, H.; Masood, W.; Siddiq, M.

2008-12-15

Using the quantum hydrodynamic model, quantum dust ion-acoustic solitary waves are investigated in the presence of weak transverse perturbations. The linear dispersion relation is obtained using the Fourier analysis. The two-dimensional (2D) propagation of small amplitude nonlinear waves is studied by deriving the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. The traveling wave solution of the KP equation is obtained by employing the tanh method. By dint of this solution, the effects of quantum Bohm pressure and the dust concentration on the 2D solitary structure are studied. The effect of quantum Bohm potential on the stability of the KP soliton is also investigated. Themore » results are supported by the numerical analysis and the relevance of the present investigation in dense astrophysical environments is also pointed out.« less

Malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondroma in two mature dogs.

PubMed

Green, E M; Adams, W M; Steinberg, H

1999-01-01

Canine osteochondroma is an uncommon bony tumor that arises in skeletally immature animals. Consequently, clinical signs typically occur in young dogs as a result of impingement of normal structures by the tumor. Radiographically, osteochondromas are benign in appearance. They are well circumscribed and cause no bony lysis nor periosteal proliferation. Osteochondromas may occur in two forms; solitary or multiple. Although histology and biologic behavior are identical, when in the multiple form the condition has been termed multiple cartilaginous exostoses. Malignant transformation of multiple cartilaginous exostoses has been reported in three mature dogs. We report two dogs with malignant transformation of solitary spinal osteochondromas. Both underwent transformation to osteosarcoma. Despite the benign radiographic appearance of osteochondromas and multiple cartilaginous exostoses, clinical signs should alert the clinician to the possibility of malignant transformation.

Multi-exciton emission from solitary dopant states of carbon nanotubes.

PubMed

Ma, Xuedan; Hartmann, Nicolai F; Velizhanin, Kirill A; Baldwin, Jon K S; Adamska, Lyudmyla; Tretiak, Sergei; Doorn, Stephen K; Htoon, Han

2017-11-02

By separating the photons from slow and fast decays of single and multi-exciton states in a time gated 2 nd order photon correlation experiment, we show that solitary oxygen dopant states of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) allow emission of photon pairs with efficiencies as high as 44% of single exciton emission. Our pump dependent time resolved photoluminescence (PL) studies further reveal diffusion-limited exciton-exciton annihilation as the key process that limits the emission of multi-excitons at high pump fluences. We further postulate that creation of additional permanent exciton quenching sites occurring under intense laser irradiation leads to permanent PL quenching. With this work, we bring out multi-excitonic processes of solitary dopant states as a new area to be explored for potential applications in lasing and entangled photon generation.

Novel characterization method for fibrous materials using non-contact acoustics: material properties revealed by ultrasonic perturbations.

PubMed

Periyaswamy, Thamizhisai; Balasubramanian, Karthikeyan; Pastore, Christopher

2015-02-01

Fibrous materials are unique hierarchical complex structures exhibiting a range of mechanical, thermal, optical and electrical properties. The inherent discontinuity at micro and macro levels, heterogeneity and multi-scale porosity differentiates fibrous materials from other engineering materials that are typically continuum in nature. These structural complexities greatly influence the techniques and modalities that can be applied to characterize fibrous materials. Typically, the material response to an applied external force is measured and used as a characteristic number of the specimen. In general, a range of equipment is in use to obtain these numbers to signify the material properties. Nevertheless, obtaining these numbers for materials like fiber ensembles is often time consuming, destructive, and requires multiple modalities. It is hypothesized that the material response to an applied acoustic frequency would provide a robust alternative characterization mode for rapid and non-destructive material analysis. This research proposes applying air-coupled ultrasonic acoustics to characterize fibrous materials. Ultrasonic frequency waves transmitted through fibrous assemblies were feature extracted to understand the correlation between the applied frequency and the material properties. Mechanical and thermal characteristics were analyzed using ultrasonic features such as time of flight, signal velocity, power and the rate of attenuation of signal amplitude. Subsequently, these temporal and spectral characteristics were mapped with the standard low-stress mechanical and thermal properties via an empirical artificial intelligence engine. A high correlation of >0.92 (S.D. 0.06) was observed between the ultrasonic features and the standard measurements. The proposed ultrasonic technique can be used toward rapid characterization of dynamic behavior of flexible fibrous assemblies. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Solitary phalanx plasmacytoma relapse with disseminated extramedullary plasmacytomas and myeloma after short duration of remission.

PubMed

Celik, I; Baltali, E; Barişta, I; Tekuzman, G; Kansu, E; Atahan, L; Güngen, Y; Firat, D

1996-01-01

Solitary bone plasmacytomas account for 5-7% of multiple myeloma cases and are assumed to have a fairly good prognosis, with a long duration of relapse-free survival after primary local treatment. Isolated phalanx plasmacytoma is a very rare entity, because involvement of extremities is seen in less than 1% of all solitary bone plasmacytomas, where they are usually localized centripedally, often in the axial skeleton. A 68 year old patient with a lytic lesion involving 5th phalanx was diagnosed as having a biopsy-proven solitary plasmacytoma, with a negative work-up for coexisting plasma cell dyscrasia. Three and a half months after completion of radiotherapy of the involved phalanx, the patient was readmitted with hypercalcemia, renal insufficiency and subsequently diagnosed as having atypical plasma cell infiltration of marrow, and plasmacytomas involving the right vocal cord and the premaxillary region, as well as pathological ulna fracture. Plasmacytoma of the phalanx, with extreme short duration of remission and an aggressive type of clinical relapse, is in sharp contrast with the natural stable course of a solitary plasmacytoma where the use of systemic treatment is subject to intense debate.

Fibrous Glass Aerosols: A Literature Review

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-10-02

mineral wool , which was a generic term for either slag wool or rock wool. Slag wool was produced by melting and ?iberrizng molten Iron ore, and was...important aspects. In a study by bumi et al, (20), the concentration of fibers exposed to mploye•s ot 16 fibrous glass or mineral wool plits was quantified...employees of 17 glass fiber or mineral wool plants, with at least 1 year’s exposure to fibers less than 3 um in dimter, between the years 1940 and 1963. Mean

Combined Heat Transfer in High-Porosity High-Temperature Fibrous Insulations: Theory and Experimental Validation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran; Cunnington, George R.; Miller, Steve D.; Knutson, Jeffry R.

2010-01-01

Combined radiation and conduction heat transfer through various high-temperature, high-porosity, unbonded (loose) fibrous insulations was modeled based on first principles. The diffusion approximation was used for modeling the radiation component of heat transfer in the optically thick insulations. The relevant parameters needed for the heat transfer model were derived from experimental data. Semi-empirical formulations were used to model the solid conduction contribution of heat transfer in fibrous insulations with the relevant parameters inferred from thermal conductivity measurements at cryogenic temperatures in a vacuum. The specific extinction coefficient for radiation heat transfer was obtained from high-temperature steady-state thermal measurements with large temperature gradients maintained across the sample thickness in a vacuum. Standard gas conduction modeling was used in the heat transfer formulation. This heat transfer modeling methodology was applied to silica, two types of alumina, and a zirconia-based fibrous insulation, and to a variation of opacified fibrous insulation (OFI). OFI is a class of insulations manufactured by embedding efficient ceramic opacifiers in various unbonded fibrous insulations to significantly attenuate the radiation component of heat transfer. The heat transfer modeling methodology was validated by comparison with more rigorous analytical solutions and with standard thermal conductivity measurements. The validated heat transfer model is applicable to various densities of these high-porosity insulations as long as the fiber properties are the same (index of refraction, size distribution, orientation, and length). Furthermore, the heat transfer data for these insulations can be obtained at any static pressure in any working gas environment without the need to perform tests in various gases at various pressures.

A Patient with Four-Year Survival after Nonsmall Cell Lung Carcinoma with a Solitary Metachronous Small Bowel Metastasis

PubMed Central

Kant, Klaas M.; Noordhoek Hegt, Vincent; Aerts, Joachim G. J. V.

2010-01-01

Solitary small bowel metastasis secondary to lung cancer is very uncommon. In this report, we present a patient with NSCLC and a metachronous solitary metastasis of the jejunum. She is alive without evidence of disease and doing well four years after palliative surgery, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report describing a prolonged survival in a patient with a symptomatic solitary small bowel metastasis treated with palliative surgery, chemo- and radiotherapy instead of complete surgical resection. PMID:20224647

MMP-1 and MMP-8 expression in giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia.

PubMed

de Oliveira, Henrique Climeck; Tschoeke, André; da Cruz, Gabriele Claudino; Noronha, Lúcia; de Moraes, Rafaela Scariot; Mesquita, Ricardo Alves; de Aguiar, Maria Cássia Ferreira; Caldeira, Patrícia Carlos; de Oliveira Ribas, Marina; Grégio, Ana Maria Trindade; Alanis, Luciana Reis Azevedo; Ignácio, Sérgio Aparecido; Dos Santos, Jean Nunes; de Lima, Antonio Adilson Soares; Johann, Aline Cristina Batista Rodrigues

2016-12-01

The aim of this study is to compare the immunoexpression of metalloproteinases 1 and 8 in giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal mucosa. Twenty-two cases of giant-cell fibroma, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and oral mucosa (control) each were subjected to immunohistochemistry using anti-metalloproteinase-1 and anti-metalloproteinase-8 antibodies. Eight images of each case were captured and analysed through the a) application of a count grid to count the number of positive neutrophils, macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, fibroblasts and blood vessels to obtain the percentage of staining and b) semi-automated segmentation quantifying the stained area in square micrometres. Statistical tests included ANOVA Two-way, Kruskal Wallis and Games-Howell, with a significance level of 5%. An increased percentage of metalloproteinase-1-immunopositive blood vessels were observed in giant-cell fibroma (26.6±22.4; p=0.02) and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (34.3±31.5; p=0.01) compared with the control group (19.6±9.2). No significant differences in inflammatory cells, fibroblasts and total area of metalloproteinase-1 and -8 were noted among the three groups. Metalloproteinase-1 apparently acts within the pathogenesis of giant-cell fibroma and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

General Information about Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone

MedlinePlus

... Histiocytoma of Bone Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version General Information About Osteosarcoma and Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma of Bone ... the PDQ Pediatric Treatment Editorial Board . Clinical Trial Information A clinical trial is a study to answer ...

[Fibrous tissue(s): a key for lesion characterization in digestive diseases].

PubMed

Régent, D; Laurent, V; Antunes, L; Debelle, L; Cannard, L; Leclerc, Jc; Beot, S

2002-02-01

Fibrosis is one of the hallmarks of inflammatory and repair processes in pathology. Various exogenous and endogenous stimuli, including tumor development, can induce inflammatory reactions. During the post-equilibrium phase after IV injection of non specific contrast media, CT and/or MR allow the study of these inflammatory answers to tumoral or infectious processes. Delayed enhancement of collagenic fibrous tissue during the late post-equilibrium phase is an essential complementary data in the characterization of many liver lesions: cirrhosis, cholangiocarcinoma, focal nodular hyperplasia, fibrous metastasis. but also for the differential diagnosis of pancreatic diseases (groove pancreatitis vs ductal adenocarcinoma) or of gastro-intestinal diseases (gastric adenocarcinoma vs lymphoma, mechanical complication vs inflammatory bouts of ileal Crohn's disease).

Kinematics and dynamics of a solitary wave interacting with varying bathymetry and/or a vertical wall

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papoutsellis, Christos; Athanassoulis, Gerassimos; Charalampopoulos, Alexis-Tzianni

2017-04-01

In this work, we investigate the transformations that solitary surface waves undergo during their interaction with uneven seabed and/or fully reflective vertical boundaries. This is accomplished by performing simulations using a non-local Hamiltonian formulation, taking into account full nonlinearity and dispersion, in the presence of variable seabed [1]. This formulation is based on an exact coupled-mode representation of the velocity potential, leading to efficient and accurate computations of the Dirichlet to Neumann operator, required in Zakharov/Craig-Sulem formulation [2], [3]. In addition, it allows for the efficient computation of wave kinematics (velocity, acceleration) and the pressure field, in the time-dependent fluid domain, up to its physical boundaries. Such computations are performed for the case of high-amplitude solitary waves interacting with varying bathymetry and/or a vertical wall, shedding light to their kinematics and dynamics. More specifically, we first consider two benchmark cases, namely the transformation of solitary waves over a plane beach [4], and the reflection of solitary waves on a vertical wall [5]. As a further step, results on the scattering/reflection of a solitary wave due to an undulating seabed, and on the disintegration of a solitary wave travelling form shallow to deep water are also presented. References:[1] G.A. Athanassoulis. & Ch.E. Papoutsellis, in Volume 7: Ocean Engineering, ASME, OMAE2015-41452, p. V007T06A029 (2015)[2] W. Craig, C. Sulem, J. Comp. Phys. 108, 73-83 (1993) [3] V. Zakharov, J. Appl. Mech. Tech. Phys 9, 86-94 (1968)[4] S. Grilli, R. Subramanya, T. Svendsen. & J. Veeramony, J. Waterway, Port, Coastal, Ocean Eng. 120(6), 609-628. (1994)[5] Y.Y. Chen, C. Kharif , J.H. Yang, H.C. Hsu, J. Touboul & J. Chambarel, Eur. J. Mech B-Fluid 49, 20-28 (2015)

Solitary wave for a nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger equation in nonlinear optical waveguide arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Li-Yuan; Ji, Jia-Liang; Xu, Zong-Wei; Zhu, Zuo-Nong

2018-03-01

We study a nonintegrable discrete nonlinear Schrödinger (dNLS) equation with the term of nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction occurred in nonlinear optical waveguide arrays. By using discrete Fourier transformation, we obtain numerical approximations of stationary and travelling solitary wave solutions of the nonintegrable dNLS equation. The analysis of stability of stationary solitary waves is performed. It is shown that the nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction term has great influence on the form of solitary wave. The shape of solitary wave is important in the electric field propagating. If we neglect the nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction term, much important information in the electric field propagating may be missed. Our numerical simulation also demonstrates the difference of chaos phenomenon between the nonintegrable dNLS equation with nonlinear nearest-neighbor interaction and another nonintegrable dNLS equation without the term. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11671255 and 11701510), the Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness of Spain (Grant No. MTM2016-80276-P (AEI/FEDER, EU)), and the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (Grant No. 2017M621964).

Tubing-Electrospinning: A One-Step Process for Fabricating Fibrous Matrices with Spatial, Chemical, and Mechanical Gradients.

PubMed

Kim, Jung-Suk; Im, Byung Gee; Jin, Gyuhyung; Jang, Jae-Hyung

2016-08-31

Guiding newly generated tissues in a gradient pattern, thereby precisely mimicking inherent tissue morphology and subsequently arranging the intimate networks between adjacent tissues, is essential to raise the technical levels of tissue engineering and facilitate its transition into the clinic. In this study, a straightforward electrospinning method (the tubing-electrospinning technique) was developed to create fibrous matrices readily with diverse gradient patterns and to induce patterned cellular responses. Gradient fibrous matrices can be produced simply by installing a series of polymer-containing lengths of tubing into an electrospinning circuit and sequentially processing polymers without a time lag. The loading of polymer samples with different characteristics, including concentration, wettability, and mechanical properties, into the tubing system enabled unique features in fibrous matrices, such as longitudinal gradients in fiber density, surface properties, and mechanical stiffness. The resulting fibrous gradients were shown to arrange cellular migration and residence in a gradient manner, thereby offering efficient cues to mediate patterned tissue formation. The one-step process using tubing-electrospinning apparatus can be used without significant modifications regardless of the type of fibrous gradient. Hence, the tubing-electrospinning system can serve as a platform that can be readily used by a wide-range of users to induce patterned tissue formation in a gradient manner, which will ultimately improve the functionality of tissue engineering scaffolds.

Increased muscular volume and cuticular specialisations enhance jump velocity in solitarious compared with gregarious desert locusts, Schistocerca gregaria.

PubMed

Rogers, Stephen M; Riley, Joanna; Brighton, Caroline; Sutton, Gregory P; Cullen, Darron A; Burrows, Malcolm

2016-03-01

The desert locust, Schistocerca gregaria, shows a strong phenotypic plasticity. It can develop, depending upon population density, into either a solitarious or gregarious phase that differs in many aspects of behaviour, physiology and morphology. Prominent amongst these differences is that solitarious locusts have proportionately longer hind femora than gregarious locusts. The hind femora contain the muscles and energy-storing cuticular structures that propel powerful jumps using a catapult-like mechanism. We show that solitarious locusts jump on average 23% faster and 27% further than gregarious locusts, and attribute this improved performance to three sources: first, a 17.5% increase in the relative volume of their hind femur, and hence muscle volume; second, a 24.3% decrease in the stiffness of the energy-storing semi-lunar processes of the distal femur; and third, a 4.5% decrease in the stiffness of the tendon of the extensor tibiae muscle. These differences mean that solitarious locusts can generate more power and store more energy in preparation for a jump than can gregarious locusts. This improved performance comes at a cost: solitarious locusts expend nearly twice the energy of gregarious locusts during a single jump and the muscular co-contraction that energises the cuticular springs takes twice as long. There is thus a trade-off between achieving maximum jump velocity in the solitarious phase against the ability to engage jumping rapidly and repeatedly in the gregarious phase. © 2016. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Transverse instability of periodic and generalized solitary waves for a fifth-order KP model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haragus, Mariana; Wahlén, Erik

2017-02-01

We consider a fifth-order Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation which arises as a two-dimensional model in the classical water-wave problem. This equation possesses a family of generalized line solitary waves which decay exponentially to periodic waves at infinity. We prove that these solitary waves are transversely spectrally unstable and that this instability is induced by the transverse instability of the periodic tails. We rely upon a detailed spectral analysis of some suitably chosen linear operators.

A novel approach for solitary wave solutions of the generalized fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Batool, Fiza; Akram, Ghazala

2018-01-01

In this article the solitary wave solutions of generalized fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov (GZK) equation which appear in the electrical transmission line model are investigated. The (G'/G)-expansion method is used to obtain the solitary solutions of fractional GZK equation via local fractional derivative. Three classes of solutions, hyperbolic, trigonometric and rational wave solutions of the associated equation are characterized with some free parameters. The obtained solutions reveal that the proposed technique is effective and powerful.

Chemical Evidence for Episodic Growth of a Fibrous Antitaxial Calcite Vein From Externally Derived Fluid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barker, S. L.; Cox, S. F.; Eggins, S. M.; Gagan, M. K.

2005-12-01

Fibrous, massive and crustiform textured quartz and calcite veins occur within a deformed limestone-shale sequence at Taemas, in the Lachlan Fold Belt, eastern New South Wales, Australia. Stable isotope analyses of veins and host rock indicate that these veins formed from upwardly migrating, externally derived fluids. High spatial resolution (100 μm) analyses reveal per mil scale variations of stable C and O isotope ratios, and radiogenic Sr isotope ratios in a 1.5 cm thick, fibrous, antitaxial-growth calcite vein. LA-ICP-MS analyses (30 μm resolution) demonstrate significant variations in Fe, Mn, Sr, REE and Eu/Eu* parallel to the long axes of fibres. Stable and radiogenic isotopic ratio variations, and trace and REE concentration changes correlate with different cathodoluminesence zones, and slight changes in fibre orientation and thickness. The covariance of calcite textures and chemistry indicate that this fibrous vein grew episodically. Moreover, calcite in this vein was precipitated from externally derived fluid, which underwent variable fluid-rock interaction, and had a fluctuating oxidation state. This fibrous, antitaxial growth vein likely formed from fluid that migrated along fracture-controlled flow pathways.

Polydopamine Inter-Fiber Networks: New Strategy for Producing Rigid, Sticky, 3D Fluffy Electrospun Fibrous Polycaprolactone Sponges.

PubMed

Choi, Wuyong; Lee, Slgirim; Kim, Seung-Hyun; Jang, Jae-Hyung

2016-06-01

Designing versatile 3D interfaces that can precisely represent a biological environment is a prerequisite for the creation of artificial tissue structures. To this end, electrospun fibrous sponges, precisely mimicking an extracellular matrix and providing highly porous interfaces, have capabilities that can function as versatile physical cues to regenerate various tissues. However, their intrinsic features, such as sheet-like, thin, and weak structures, limit the design of a number of uses in tissue engineering applications. Herein, a highly facile methodology capable of fabricating rigid, sticky, spatially expanded fluffy electrospun fibrous sponges is proposed. A bio-inspired adhesive material, poly(dopamine) (pDA), is employed as a key mediator to provide rigidity and stickiness to the 3D poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) fibrous sponges, which are fabricated using a coaxial electrospinning with polystyrene followed by a selective leaching process. The iron ion induced oxidation of dopamine into pDA networks interwoven with PCL fibers results in significant increases in the rigidity of 3D fibrous sponges. Furthermore, the exposure of catecholamine groups on the fiber surfaces promotes the stable attachment of the sponges on wet organ surfaces and triggers the robust immobilization of biomolecules (e.g., proteins and gene vectors), demonstrating their potential for 3D scaffolds as well as drug delivery vehicles. Because fibrous structures are ubiquitous in the human body, these rigid, sticky, 3D fibrous sponges are good candidates for powerful biomaterial systems that functionally mimic a variety of tissue structures. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Fibrous composites comprising carbon nanotubes and silica

DOEpatents

Peng, Huisheng [Shanghai, CN; Zhu, Yuntian Theodore [Cary, NC; Peterson, Dean E [Los Alamos, NM; Jia, Quanxi [Los Alamos, NM

2011-10-11

Fibrous composite comprising a plurality of carbon nanotubes; and a silica-containing moiety having one of the structures: (SiO).sub.3Si--(CH.sub.2).sub.n--NR.sub.1R.sub.2) or (SiO).sub.3Si--(CH.sub.2).sub.n--NCO; where n is from 1 to 6, and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently H, CH.sub.3, or C.sub.2H.sub.5.

AKNS eigenvalue spectrum for densely spaced envelope solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slunyaev, Alexey; Starobor, Alexey

2010-05-01

The problem of the influence of one envelope soliton to the discrete eigenvalues of the associated scattering problem for the other envelope soliton, which is situated close to the first one, is discussed. Envelope solitons are exact solutions of the integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLS). Their generalizations (taking into account the background nonlinear waves [1-4] or strongly nonlinear effects [5, 6]) are possible candidates to rogue waves in the ocean. The envelope solitary waves could be in principle detected in the stochastic wave field by approaches based on the Inverse Scattering Technique in terms of ‘unstable modes' (see [1-3]), or envelope solitons [7-8]. However, densely spaced intense groups influence the spectrum of the associated scattering problem, so that the solitary trains cannot be considered alone. Here we solve the initial-value problem exactly for some simplified configurations of the wave field, representing two closely placed intense wave groups, within the frameworks of the NLS equation by virtue of the solution of the AKNS system [9]. We show that the analogues of the level splitting and the tunneling effects, known in quantum physics, exist in the context of the NLS equation, and thus may be observed in application to sea waves [10]. These effects make the detecting of single solitary wave groups surrounded by other nonlinear wave groups difficult. [1]. A.L. Islas, C.M. Schober (2005) Predicting rogue waves in random oceanic sea states. Phys. Fluids 17, 031701-1-4. [2]. A.R. Osborne, M. Onorato, M. Serio (2005) Nonlinear Fourier analysis of deep-water random surface waves: Theoretical formulation and and experimental observations of rogue waves. 14th Aha Huliko's Winter Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii. [3]. C.M. Schober, A. Calini (2008) Rogue waves in higher order nonlinear Schrödinger models. In: Extreme Waves (Eds.: E. Pelinovsky & C. Kharif), Springer. [4]. N. Akhmediev, A. Ankiewicz, M. Taki (2009) Waves that appear from

Multiple differences in calling songs and other traits between solitary and gregarious Mormon crickets from allopatric mtDNA clades

PubMed Central

Bailey, Nathan W; Gwynne, Darryl T; Bailey, William V; Ritchie, Michael G

2007-01-01

Background In acoustic species, traits such as male calling song are likely to diverge quickly between allopatric populations due to sexual selection, and divergence in parameters such as carrier frequency, chirp structure, and other important song characters can influence sexual isolation. Here we make use of two forms of Mormon crickets to examine differences in a broad suite of traits that have the potential to influence speciation via sexual isolation. Mormon crickets in "gregarious" populations aggregate into dense migratory bands, and females are the sexually competitive sex (sex-role reversal). There is also a non-outbreak "solitary" form. These two forms are largely but not perfectly correlated with a significant mtDNA subdivision within the species that is thought to have arisen in allopatry. Combined information about multiple, independently evolving traits, such as morphology and structural and behavioural differences in calling song, provides greater resolution of the overall differences between these allopatric populations, and allows us to assess their stage of divergence. We test two predictions, first that the forms differ in song and second that gregarious males are more reluctant to sing than solitary males due to sex role reversal. We also tested for a difference in the relationship between the size of the forewing resonator, the mirror, and carrier frequency, as most models of sound production in crickets indicate that mirror size should predict carrier frequency. Results Multivariate analyses showed that solitary and gregarious individuals from different populations representing the two mtDNA clades had almost non-overlapping distributions based on multiple song and morphological measurements. Carrier frequency differed between the two, and gregarious males were more reluctant to sing overall. Mirror size predicted carrier frequency; however, the relationship between mirror size and surface area varied between solitary and gregarious forms

Fibrous dysplasia: an unusual case of a very aggressive form with costo-vertebral joint destruction and invasion of the contralateral D7 vertebral body.

PubMed

Zoccali, Carmine; Attala, Dario; Rossi, Barbara; Zoccali, Giovanni; Ferraresi, Virginia

2018-05-23

Fibrous dysplasia (FD) is a benign fibro-osseous disease of the bone that may be solitary or multicentric. It is important to distinguish this type of lesion from low-grade osteosarcomas (LGOS) and from secondary sarcomas, because malignant transformation has rarely been reported. It is classically described as having a ground-glass appearance, endosteal scalloping, and thinning of the cortex. Cortical disruption is considered evidence of malignancy, but it can also be present in benign FD with aggressive behavior. We present an unusual case of aggressive FD of the 7th left rib, already diagnosed more than 22 years ago, where cortical and costo-vertebral joint disruption and 7th thoracic vertebral body involvement were not evidence of malignant behavior. From a histological perspective, FD and LGOS are similar; even if histology is of fundamental importance, the diagnosis has to be made based on the clinical and radiological aspects as well, although at imaging, differentiation between FD and LGOS can be difficult. In the present case, even though the histological examination suggested a benign lesion, the radiological examination instead consistently suggests malignancy. It is for this reason that there should be a high index of suspicion during follow-up and a new biopsy should be scheduled in case any changes occur during follow-up.

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the conjunctiva.

PubMed Central

Pe'er, J.; Levinger, S.; Ilsar, M.; Climenhaga, H.; Okon, E.

1990-01-01

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma (MFH) of the conjunctiva is an extremely rare tumour, and only three previous cases have been reported. We describe two patients with MFH of the conjunctiva: a 58-year-old white male with epibulbar tumour who had exenteration and is alive after five years' follow-up, and a 3 1/2-year-old African girl with xeroderma pigmentosum and an MFH of her right eye conjunctiva, the first reported case of this association. The characteristics and the methods of diagnosis of MFH are discussed. Images PMID:1704795

ISOLATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND IMMUNOCHEMICAL STUDIES ON FIBROUS PROTEINS FROM COWRY SHELL (CYPRAEA MONETA, LINNAEUS)

PubMed Central

Togun, R.A.; Balogun, R. O.; Adeyemi, D.O.; Esan, T.A.; Oyatogun, G.M; Oziegbe, E.O; Okonji, R. E.; Kuku, A.

2017-01-01

Background: Biomaterials are non-drug substances used to treat, enhance or replace functions of body tissues or organs. Natural sources of biomaterials have recently become the focus of several research activities. Cowry shell constitutes one of the most promising natural sources of biomaterials because of its chemical stability, biodegradability and biocompatibility in the body. However, its applications may be limited due to immunogenic and toxic responses that may occur following implantation, hence this study. Materials and Methods: Crude fibrous protein extracted with citrate buffer from pulverised cowry shells (Cypraea moneta (L)), was resolved into two components (CSP1 and CSP2) by gel filtration. Immunological studies were performed with antisera obtained from rabbits by double immunodiffusion and immunoelectrophoresis techniques. Mice treated with the proteins were observed for signs of toxicity and their liver, kidney, lungs and spleen were processed histologically. Results: The native molecular weight of CSP1 and CSP2 determined by gel filtration were 91kDa and 33kDa respectively. CSP1 and CSP2 displayed single bands on SDS-PAGE with subunit molecular weight values of 19kDa and 19.5kDa respectively. Antisera obtained from rabbits immunised with the crude citrate buffer extracts precipitated the antigen in double immunodiffusion tests. Histopathological examinations revealed a dose-dependent damaging effect of the shell proteins on liver, kidney, lung and spleen tissues of the treated mice. Conclusion: This study showed that cowry shells contain fibrous proteins which are immunogenic and toxic in mice at relatively high concentrations, causing visible organ damage without concurrent physical manifestations. PMID:28480388

Nonlinear layered lattice model and generalized solitary waves in imperfectly bonded structures.

PubMed

Khusnutdinova, Karima R; Samsonov, Alexander M; Zakharov, Alexey S

2009-05-01

We study nonlinear waves in a two-layered imperfectly bonded structure using a nonlinear lattice model. The key element of the model is an anharmonic chain of oscillating dipoles, which can be viewed as a basic lattice analog of a one-dimensional macroscopic waveguide. Long nonlinear longitudinal waves in a layered lattice with a soft middle (or bonding) layer are governed by a system of coupled Boussinesq-type equations. For this system we find conservation laws and show that pure solitary waves, which exist in a single equation and can exist in the coupled system in the symmetric case, are structurally unstable and are replaced with generalized solitary waves.

The Comparison of Solitary and Collaborative Modes of Game-Based Learning on Students' Science Learning and Motivation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Ching-Huei; Wang, Kuan-Chieh; Lin, Yu-Hsuan

2015-01-01

In this study, we investigated and compared solitary and collaborative modes of game-based learning in promoting students' science learning and motivation. A total of fifty seventh grade students participated in this study. The results showed that students who played in a solitary or collaborative mode demonstrated improvement in learning…

Failure Analysis and Mechanisms of Failure of Fibrous Composite Structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noor, A. K. (Compiler); Shuart, M. J. (Compiler); Starnes, J. H., Jr. (Compiler); Williams, J. G. (Compiler)

1983-01-01

The state of the art of failure analysis and current design practices, especially as applied to the use of fibrous composite materials in aircraft structures is discussed. Deficiencies in these technologies are identified, as are directions for future research.

Gaussian solitary waves and compactons in Fermi–Pasta–Ulam lattices with Hertzian potentials

PubMed Central

James, Guillaume; Pelinovsky, Dmitry

2014-01-01

We consider a class of fully nonlinear Fermi–Pasta–Ulam (FPU) lattices, consisting of a chain of particles coupled by fractional power nonlinearities of order α>1. This class of systems incorporates a classical Hertzian model describing acoustic wave propagation in chains of touching beads in the absence of precompression. We analyse the propagation of localized waves when α is close to unity. Solutions varying slowly in space and time are searched with an appropriate scaling, and two asymptotic models of the chain of particles are derived consistently. The first one is a logarithmic Korteweg–de Vries (KdV) equation and possesses linearly orbitally stable Gaussian solitary wave solutions. The second model consists of a generalized KdV equation with Hölder-continuous fractional power nonlinearity and admits compacton solutions, i.e. solitary waves with compact support. When , we numerically establish the asymptotically Gaussian shape of exact FPU solitary waves with near-sonic speed and analytically check the pointwise convergence of compactons towards the limiting Gaussian profile. PMID:24808748

Clinical, pathological and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity nodules: comparison with solitary ground-glass opacity nodule.

PubMed

Kim, Tae Jung; Goo, Jin Mo; Lee, Kyung Won; Park, Chang Min; Lee, Hyun Ju

2009-05-01

To retrospectively compare the clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple ground-glass opacity (GGO) nodules with those of solitary GGO nodules. Histopathologic specimens were obtained from 193 GGO nodules in 136 patients (87 women, 49 men; mean age, 57; age range 33-81). The clinical data, pathologic findings, and thin-section CT features of multiple and solitary GGO nodules were compared by using t-test or Fisher's exact test. Multiple GGO nodules (n=105) included atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) (n=31), bronchioloalveolar carcinoma (BAC) (n=33), adenocarcinoma (n=34) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=7). Solitary GGO nodules included AAH (n=8), BAC (n=15), adenocarcinoma (n=55) and focal interstitial fibrosis (n=10). AAH (P=.001) and BAC (P=.029) were more frequent in multiple GGO nodules, whereas adenocarcinoma (P<.001) was more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. Female sex (P<.001), nonsmoker (P=.012) and multiple primary lung cancers (P<.001) were more frequent for multiple GGO nodules, which were smaller (12 mm+/-7.9) than solitary GGO nodules (17 mm+/-8.1) (P<.001). Air-bronchogram (P=.019), bubble-lucency (P=.004), and pleural retraction (P<.001) were more frequent in solitary GGO nodules. There was no postoperative recurrence except for one patient with multiple GGO nodules and one with solitary GGO nodule. Clinical, pathological, and thin-section CT features of persistent multiple GGO nodules were found to differ from those of solitary GGO nodules. Nevertheless, the two nodule types can probably be followed up and managed in a similar manner because their prognoses were found to be similar.

Multiple and solitary skeletal muscle metastases on 18F-FDG PET/CT imaging.

PubMed

Nocuń, Anna; Chrapko, Beata

2015-11-01

The aim of this study was to investigate the features and patterns of skeletal muscle metastases (SMM) detected with F-fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) PET/computed tomography (PET/CT). Our database was analyzed for patients with pathologically proven malignancy, who underwent F-FDG PET/CT in our institution. The patients with SMM were included in the study group on the basis of the final diagnosis confirmed by follow-up or histopathology. Images were acquired using a PET/CT system Biograph mCT S(64)-4R. CT was performed without contrast enhancement. The selected group included 31 patients (1.7% of the database, which consisted of 1805 patients). A total of 233 lesions were found. The prevalence of SMM evaluated in specific primary malignancies was the highest in melanoma (6.9%), followed by carcinoma of unknown primary (4.4%), colorectal cancer (4.1%) and lung cancer (2.8%). Three patterns of skeletal muscle metastatic involvement were observed: multiple SMM accompanied by other metastases (64.5%), solitary lesion associated with other metastases (29%) and isolated intramuscular lesions (two cases, 6.5%). Isolated SMM represented recurrence of the malignant disease. In patients with extraskeletal metastases, solitary or multiple SMM did not affect tumor staging. Solitary SMM are less common than multiple on F-FDG PET/CT imaging. SMM are usually associated with other metastases and do not affect tumor staging. The cases of isolated SMM are very rare. Nevertheless, in patients with a diagnosis of malignant disease, a solitary, F-FDG avid intramuscular focus should be suspected to represent metastasis.

Preparation and characterization of hydrophobic P(TFE) blend electrospun gel polymer electrolyte fibrous membranes for Li-O2 battery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Padmaraj, O.; Suthanthiraraj, S. Austin

2018-04-01

A novel stable electrospun gel polymer electrolyte [(100-x)% P(VdF-co-HFP)+(x)% P(TFE), (x = 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 & 30)/1 M Li(CF3SO2)2N-] fibrous membranes with an addition of various concentrations of hydrophobic P(TFE) polymer were prepared by an electrospinning technique. All the prepared electrospun polymer blend fibrous membranes were characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry, high resolution scanning electron microscopy techniques and water contact angle measurements. The newly developed electrospun pure and hydrophobic P(TFE) blend fibrous membranes were activated into separator-cum gel polymer electrolyte fibrous membranes by soaking in an electrolyte solution contains 1 M Li(CF3SO2)2N- in EC: PC (1:1, v/v) in an argon filled glove box. Among the various concentrations of hydrophobic P(TFE) blend polymer fibrous membranes, the electrospun gel polymer blend electrolyte with 5% P(TFE) showed low crystallinity, high thermal stability, high electrolyte uptake, good hydrophobicity and high ionic conductivity (2.680×10-2 S cm-1) at room temperature.

[18F-FDG PET-CT in a case of solitary plasmacytoma of the soft palate].

PubMed

Fernández López, R; Borrego Dorado, I; Paz Coll, A; Vázquez Albertino, R; Gómez Camarero, P; Sanz Viedma, S

2010-01-01

Solitary plasmacytoma is an uncommon tumor of plasma cells that can appear in the head and neck. It must be differentiated from multiple myeloma because of its initial presentation. A case of solitary plasmacytoma on the palate is presented. Furthermore, role of ¹⁸F-fluorodeoxyglucose Positron Emission Tomography (¹⁸F-FDG-PET) in its initial staging is analyzed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier España, S.L. y SEMNIM. All rights reserved.

Dust acoustic solitary and shock excitations in a Thomas-Fermi magnetoplasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rahim, Z.; Qamar, A.; National Center for Physics

The linear and nonlinear properties of dust-acoustic waves are investigated in a collisionless Thomas-Fermi magnetoplasma, whose constituents are electrons, ions, and negatively charged dust particles. At dust time scale, the electron and ion number densities follow the Thomas-Fermi distribution, whereas the dust component is described by the classical fluid equations. A linear dispersion relation is analyzed to show that the wave frequencies associated with the upper and lower modes are enhanced with the variation of dust concentration. The effect of the latter is seen more strongly on the upper mode as compared to the lower mode. For nonlinear analysis, wemore » obtain magnetized Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) and Zakharov-Kuznetsov (ZK) equations involving the dust-acoustic solitary waves in the framework of reductive perturbation technique. Furthermore, the shock wave excitations are also studied by allowing dissipation effects in the model, leading to the Korteweg-de Vries-Burgers (KdVB) and ZKB equations. The analysis reveals that the dust-acoustic solitary and shock excitations in a Thomas-Fermi plasma are strongly influenced by the plasma parameters, e.g., dust concentration, dust temperature, obliqueness, magnetic field strength, and dust fluid viscosity. The present results should be important for understanding the solitary and shock excitations in the environments of white dwarfs or supernova, where dust particles can exist.« less

Malignancy in solitary thyroid nodule: A clinicoradiopathological evaluation.

PubMed

Jena, Amitabh; Patnayak, Rashmi; Prakash, Jaya; Sachan, Alok; Suresh, V; Lakshmi, Amarchala Yadagiri

2015-01-01

Thyroid nodules are common. They can be either benign or malignant. Solitary thyroid nodules (STN) have a high likelihood of being malignant. They should be characterized properly for optimum management. In this study, we have analyzed our departmental data over a period of 5 years. All the patients who presented to the outpatient department with a clinically detected STN were included in the study group. Our approach was individualized. Preoperative ultrasonography (USG) and fine-needle aspiration cytology were planned in all these patients. Hemi thyroidectomy and total thyroidectomy with and without neck dissection were performed wherever appropriate. There were 162 cases of clinically detected STN. USG findings were available in 146 cases. Postoperative histopathology was reported as malignant in 58 cases. Malignant STN was more likely in males. Ultrasonographically detected solid STN were more prone for malignancy as compared to multinodular goiter (P = 0.000) Presence of micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy were more commonly noted in malignant thyroid swellings. Solitary thyroid nodules do have a high likelihood of harboring a malignancy. Solid echogenicity, micro calcification and cervical lymphadenopathy on USG were seen more frequently in malignant nodules.

Fibrous Dysplasia of the Temporal Bone with External Auditory Canal Stenosis and Secondary Cholesteatoma.

PubMed

Liu, Yu-Hsi; Chang, Kuo-Ping

2016-04-01

Fibrous dysplasia is a slowly progressive benign fibro-osseous disease, rarely occurring in temporal bones. In these cases, most bony lesions developed from the bony part of the external auditory canals, causing otalgia, hearing impairment, otorrhea, and ear hygiene blockade and probably leading to secondary cholesteatoma. We presented the medical history of a 24-year-old woman with temporal monostotic fibrous dysplasia with secondary cholesteatoma. The initial presentation was unilateral conductive hearing loss. A hard external canal tumor contributing to canal stenosis and a near-absent tympanic membrane were found. Canaloplasty and type I tympanoplasty were performed, but the symptoms recurred after 5 years. She received canal wall down tympanomastoidectomy with ossciculoplasty at the second time, and secondary cholesteatoma in the middle ear was diagnosed. Fifteen years later, left otorrhea recurred again and transcanal endoscopic surgery was performed for middle ear clearance. Currently, revision surgeries provide a stable auditory condition, but her monostotic temporal fibrous dysplasia is still in place.

Radiative Heat Transfer Modeling in Fibrous Porous Media

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sobhani, Sadaf; Panerai, Francesco; Borner, Arnaud; Ferguson, Joseph C.; Wray, Alan; Mansour, Nagi N.

2017-01-01

Phenolic-Impregnated Carbon Ablator (PICA) was developed at NASA Ames Research Center as a lightweight thermal protection system material for successful atmospheric entries. The objective of the current work is to compute the effective radiative conductivity of fibrous porous media, such as preforms used to make PICA, to enable the efficient design of materials that can meet the thermal performance goals of forthcoming space exploration missions.

Outcomes of ureteroscopy for patients with stones in a solitary kidney: evidence from a systematic review

PubMed Central

Rai, Bhavan Prasad; Somani, Bhaskar K.

2016-01-01

Introduction Management of urolithiasis in a solitary functioning kidney can be clinically challenging. The aim of this article was to review the outcomes of URS for patients with stone disease in a solitary kidney and critically appraise the existing evidence and outcome reporting standards. Material and methods We conducted a systematic review in line with PRISMA checklist and Cochrane guidelines between January 1980 and February 2015. Our inclusion criteria were all English language articles reporting on a minimum of 10 patients with a solitary kidney undergoing ureteroscopy for stone disease. Results A total of 116 patients (mean age 50 years) underwent URS for stones in solitary kidney. For a mean stone size of 16.8 mm (range: 5–60 mm) and 1.23 procedures/patient, the mean stone free rate was 87%. No significant change in renal function was recorded in any of the studies although a transient elevation in creatinine was reported in 10 (8.6%) patients. A total of 33 (28%) complications were recorded a majority (n = 21) of which were Clavien grade I. The Clavien grade II/III complications as reported by authors were urosepsis, steinstrasse and renal colic. None of the procedures required conversion to open surgery with no cases of renal haematoma or ureteric perforation. Conclusions This contemporary review highlights URS as a viable treatment option for stone disease in patients with a solitary kidney. It is associated with superior clearance rates to SWL and fewer high-risk complications compared to PCNL. PMID:27123332

Amyloid fibril formation from sequences of a natural beta-structured fibrous protein, the adenovirus fiber.

PubMed

Papanikolopoulou, Katerina; Schoehn, Guy; Forge, Vincent; Forsyth, V Trevor; Riekel, Christian; Hernandez, Jean-François; Ruigrok, Rob W H; Mitraki, Anna

2005-01-28

Amyloid fibrils are fibrous beta-structures that derive from abnormal folding and assembly of peptides and proteins. Despite a wealth of structural studies on amyloids, the nature of the amyloid structure remains elusive; possible connections to natural, beta-structured fibrous motifs have been suggested. In this work we focus on understanding amyloid structure and formation from sequences of a natural, beta-structured fibrous protein. We show that short peptides (25 to 6 amino acids) corresponding to repetitive sequences from the adenovirus fiber shaft have an intrinsic capacity to form amyloid fibrils as judged by electron microscopy, Congo Red binding, infrared spectroscopy, and x-ray fiber diffraction. In the presence of the globular C-terminal domain of the protein that acts as a trimerization motif, the shaft sequences adopt a triple-stranded, beta-fibrous motif. We discuss the possible structure and arrangement of these sequences within the amyloid fibril, as compared with the one adopted within the native structure. A 6-amino acid peptide, corresponding to the last beta-strand of the shaft, was found to be sufficient to form amyloid fibrils. Structural analysis of these amyloid fibrils suggests that perpendicular stacking of beta-strand repeat units is an underlying common feature of amyloid formation.

Oral focal fibrous hyperplasia and squamous cell papilloma treated with an erbium laser. Case presentation.

PubMed

Boj, J; Hernandez, M; Espasa, E; Espanya, A

2014-01-01

Mouth and oropharynx cancer constitute 5% of all malignancies; 95% of them are head and neck squamous cell carcinomas. Carcinogenesis is a multifactor process. Mutagenesis is also determined by the human papilloma virus which has recently been found to be etiologically associated with 20 to 25% of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, mostly in the oropharinx. Focal fibrous hyperplasia of the connective tissue comes up as an answer to a chronic irritation in which a big amount of collagen can be found. As there exist certain clinical resemblance between squamous cell papilloma, fibrous focal hyperplasia and other mesenchimal tumors it is recommended to proceed, always, with removal and study. Two cases, one of an oral papilloma and another of a focal fibrous hyperplasia in pediatric patients, treated with an Er,Cr:YSGG laser wave length (mu) of 2780 nm are presented.

Oxidative and cytotoxic stress induced by inorganic granular and fibrous particles.

PubMed

Helmig, Simone; Walter, Dirk; Putzier, Julia; Maxeiner, Hagen; Wenzel, Sibylle; Schneider, Joachim

2018-06-01

The hazards of granular and fibrous particles have been associated with the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), which in turn is often associated with physicochemical properties exhibited by these particles. In the present study, the ability of various types of fibrous and granular dusts to generate oxidative stress, and their cytotoxicity, was investigated. Biopersistent granular dusts employed in the present study included micro‑ and nanosized titanium dioxide with rutile or anatase crystal structure modifications. Additionally, glass fibres, chrysotile and crocidolite asbestos representative of fibrous dust were selected. Detailed characterisation of particles was performed using scanning electron microscopy, and the effect of exposure to these particles on cell viability and intracellular ROS generation was assessed by PrestoBlue and 2',7'‑dichlorofluorescein assays, respectively. A549 human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells were exposed to increasing concentrations (0.1‑10 µg/cm2) of particles and fibres for 24 h. Subsequently, the gene expression of X‑linked inhibitor of apoptosis (XIAP), superoxide dismutase (SOD)1 and SOD2 were analysed by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction. All investigated granular particles induce ROS production in A549 lung carcinoma cells within 24 h. Hematite increased ROS production in a dose‑dependent manner. A concentration of >1 µg/cm2 TiO2 na with its disordered surface, demonstrated the greatest ability to generate ROS. Therefore, the crystalline surface structure of the particle may be considered as a determinant of the extent of ROS induction by the particle. Fibrous particle compared with granular particles were associated with a lower ability to generate ROS. Glass fibres did not significantly increase ROS production in A549 cells, but elevated gene expression of SOD2 was observed. The results demonstrated that in general, the ability of particles to generate ROS

PIC simulation of compressive and rarefactive dust ion-acoustic solitary waves

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Zhong-Zheng; Zhang, Heng; Hong, Xue-Ren

The nonlinear propagations of dust ion-acoustic solitary waves in a collisionless four-component unmagnetized dusty plasma system containing nonextensive electrons, inertial negative ions, Maxwellian positive ions, and negatively charged static dust grains have been investigated by the particle-in-cell method. By comparing the simulation results with those obtained from the traditional reductive perturbation method, it is observed that the rarefactive KdV solitons propagate stably at a low amplitude, and when the amplitude is increased, the prime wave form evolves and then gradually breaks into several small amplitude solitary waves near the tail of soliton structure. The compressive KdV solitons propagate unstably andmore » oscillation arises near the tail of soliton structure. The finite amplitude rarefactive and compressive Gardner solitons seem to propagate stably.« less

Non-linear solitary sound waves in lipid membranes and their possible role in biological signaling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrivastava, Shamit

Biological macromolecules self-assemble under entropic forces to form a dynamic 2D interfacial medium where the elastic properties arise from the curvature of the entropic potential of the interface. Elastic interfaces should be capable of propagating localized perturbations analogous to sound waves. However, (1) the existence and (2) the possible role of such waves in affecting biological functions remain unexplored. Both these aspects of "sound" as a signaling mechanism in biology are explored experimentally on mixed monolayers of lipids-fluorophores-proteins at the air/water interface as a model biological interface. This study shows - for the first time - that the nonlinear susceptibility near a thermodynamic transition in a lipid monolayer results in nonlinear solitary sound waves that are of 'all or none' nature. The state dependence of the nonlinear propagation is characterized by studying the velocity-amplitude relationship and results on distance dependence, effect of geometry and collision of solitary waves are presented. Given that the lipid bilayers and real biological membranes have such nonlinearities in their susceptibility diagrams, similar solitary phenomenon should be expected in biological membranes. In fact the observed characteristics of solitary sound waves such as, their all or none nature, a biphasic pulse shape with a long tail and optp-mechano-electro-thermal coupling etc. are strikingly similar to the phenomenon of nerve pulse propagation as observed in single nerve fibers. Finally given the strong correlation between the activity of membrane bound enzymes and the susceptibility and the fact that the later varies within a single solitary pulse, a new thermodynamic basis for biological signaling is proposed. The state of the interface controls both the nature of sound propagation and its impact on incorporated enzymes and proteins. The proof of concept is demonstrated for acetylcholine esterase embedded in a lipid monolayer, where the

Aortic regurgitation due to fibrous strand rupture in the fenestrated left coronary cusp of the tricuspid aortic valve.

PubMed

Irisawa, Yusuke; Itatani, Keiichi; Kitamura, Tadashi; Hanayama, Naoji; Oka, Norihiko; Tomoyasu, Takahiro; Inoue, Nobuyuki; Hayashi, Hidenori; Inoue, Takamichi; Miyaji, Kagami

2014-01-01

Fenestration-related massive aortic regurgitation is rare. The underlying mechanism is reported to be rupture of the fenestrated fibrous strand, and most ruptured cords have been reported in the bicuspid valve or in the right coronary cusp of the tricuspid aortic valve. We encountered a rare case of acute aortic regurgitation due to fibrous strand rupture in the fenestrated left coronary cusp. Preoperative echocardiography detected left coronary cusp prolapse, and operative findings revealed rupture of a fibrous strand in the left coronary cusp. For cases such as this, preoperative echocardiography would be useful for appropriate diagnosis.

Heat Transfer Modeling for Rigid High-Temperature Fibrous Insulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran; Cunnington, George R.; Knutson, Jeffrey R.

2012-01-01

Combined radiation and conduction heat transfer through a high-temperature, high-porosity, rigid multiple-fiber fibrous insulation was modeled using a thermal model previously used to model heat transfer in flexible single-fiber fibrous insulation. The rigid insulation studied was alumina enhanced thermal barrier (AETB) at densities between 130 and 260 kilograms per cubic meter. The model consists of using the diffusion approximation for radiation heat transfer, a semi-empirical solid conduction model, and a standard gas conduction model. The relevant parameters needed for the heat transfer model were estimated from steady-state thermal measurements in nitrogen gas at various temperatures and environmental pressures. The heat transfer modeling methodology was evaluated by comparison with standard thermal conductivity measurements, and steady-state thermal measurements in helium and carbon dioxide gases. The heat transfer model is applicable over the temperature range of 300 to 1360 K, pressure range of 0.133 to 101.3 x 10(exp 3) Pa, and over the insulation density range of 130 to 260 kilograms per cubic meter in various gaseous environments.

Latex modified fibrous concrete Sundial-Sandy River Section : interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1985-03-01

In November 1980, a contractor requested permission to use a 1.5 inch thick Latex Modified Fibrous Concrete (LMFC) overlay in lieu of a 2.5 inch low slump concrete (Iowa System) or a 2.5 inch unreinforced latex modified concrete. The overlays were to...

Nondestructive evaluation of orthopaedic implant stability in THA using highly nonlinear solitary waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jinkyu; Silvestro, Claudio; Sangiorgio, Sophia N.; Borkowski, Sean L.; Ebramzadeh, Edward; De Nardo, Luigi; Daraio, Chiara

2012-01-01

We propose a new biomedical sensing technique based on highly nonlinear solitary waves to assess orthopaedic implant stability in a nondestructive and efficient manner. We assemble a granular crystal actuator consisting of a one-dimensional tightly packed array of spherical particles, to generate acoustic solitary waves. Via direct contact with the specimen, we inject acoustic solitary waves into a biomedical prosthesis, and we nondestructively evaluate the mechanical integrity of the bone-prosthesis interface, studying the properties of the waves reflected from the contact zone between the granular crystal and the implant. The granular crystal contains a piezoelectric sensor to measure the travelling solitary waves, which allows it to function also as a sensor. We perform a feasibility study using total hip arthroplasty (THA) samples made of metallic stems implanted in artificial composite femurs using polymethylmethacrylate for fixation. We first evaluate the sensitivity of the proposed granular crystal sensor to various levels of prosthesis insertion into the composite femur. Then, we impose a sequence of harsh mechanical loading on the THA samples to degrade the mechanical integrity at the stem-cement interfaces, using a femoral load simulator that simulates aggressive, accelerated physiological loading. We investigate the implant stability via the granular crystal sensor-actuator during testing. Preliminary results suggest that the reflected waves respond sensitively to the degree of implant fixation. In particular, the granular crystal sensor-actuator successfully detects implant loosening at the stem-cement interface following violent cyclic loading. This study suggests that the granular crystal sensor and actuator has the potential to detect metal-cement defects in a nondestructive manner for orthopaedic applications.

Headache Attributed to Fibrous Dysplasia of the Ethmoid Bone Mimicking Menstrual Migraine Without Aura.

PubMed

Kim, Kyung Soo

2016-06-01

The authors experienced a patient of fibrous dysplasia originating from the ethmoid bone which presented with severe headache with some features suggestive of menstrual migraine without aura. Fibrous dysplasia originating from the ethmoid bone is a rare disease entity, but may cause severe headache that can be misdiagnosed as "menstrual migraine" because of similar symptoms in female patients. Because the primary objective of surgery is symptomatic relief, conservative transnasal endoscopic approach may be considered an alternative to more invasive external surgical techniques in carefully selected patients, especially originating from the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma presenting as a unilateral solitary round pulmonary hilar node infarction.

PubMed

Yonemori, Kan; Kusumoto, Masahiko; Matsuno, Yoshihiro; Tateishi, Ukihide; Watanabe, Shun-Ichi; Watanabe, Takashi; Moriyama, Noriyuki

2006-03-01

Unilateral solitary pulmonary hilar node adenopathy is a rare presentation of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. In this report, the authors present a case with a solitary pulmonary hilar lymph node infarction caused by diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Enhanced CT examinations revealed a well-defined round mass with homogenous low attenuation in the left pulmonary hilum. Both radiological imaging and pathological examination can provide useful information for the interpretation of abnormalities and may enable the diagnosis of rare aetiologies.

Solitary breast mass as initial presentation of clinically silent metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

PubMed

McLauglin, Sarah A; Thiel, David D; Smith, Stephen L; Wehle, Michael J; Menke, David M

2006-06-01

Metastasis to the breast from extramammary tumors is rare. Breast metastases of renal cell carcinoma (RCC) origin have been described in sporadic case reports. We present a patient with a solitary breast mass representing the manifestation of clinically silent, metastatic RCC. A 76-year-old female was 12 years prior removed from radical nephrectomy for localized RCC. Her new breast mass was identified on physical examination. Pathology of the resected mass was diagnostic of metastatic RCC and subsequent imaging studies demonstrated a 1.9 cm renal mass in her solitary kidney. The patient elected subcutaneous Interleukin-2 immunotherapy as primary treatment for her recurrent RCC.

A giant cranial aneurysmal bone cyst associated with fibrous dysplasia.

PubMed

Składzieriń, J; Olés, K; Zagólski, O; Moskała, M; Sztuka, M; Strek, P; Wierzchowski, W; Tomik, J

2008-01-01

An aneurysmal bone cyst (ABC) is a rare, benign fibro-osseous lesion, considered a vascular phenomenon secondary to fibrous dysplasia or a giant-cell tumour, and occurs mainly in long bones and vertebrae. In this case report a 16-year-old male presented with massive epistaxis. He was admitted with a 3-year history of chronic rhinitis, headaches, right ocular pain and recurrent epistaxis. CT scans showed a predominantly cystic, expansive mass obstructing both nasal cavities, extending to all paranasal sinuses and both orbits, with evidence of anterior cranial fossa skull base destruction. The patient underwent a craniofacial resection of the tumour performed with an external approach and an immediate reconstruction of the dural defect. Histology confirmed the lesion was an ABC associated with fibrous dysplasia. The patient's recovery was complete. A large facial aneurysmal bone cyst can damage the facial skeleton and skull base, and requires excision by a combined external approach.

Fibrous hybrid of graphene and sulfur nanocrystals for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

PubMed

Zhou, Guangmin; Yin, Li-Chang; Wang, Da-Wei; Li, Lu; Pei, Songfeng; Gentle, Ian Ross; Li, Feng; Cheng, Hui-Ming

2013-06-25

Graphene-sulfur (G-S) hybrid materials with sulfur nanocrystals anchored on interconnected fibrous graphene are obtained by a facile one-pot strategy using a sulfur/carbon disulfide/alcohol mixed solution. The reduction of graphene oxide and the formation/binding of sulfur nanocrystals were integrated. The G-S hybrids exhibit a highly porous network structure constructed by fibrous graphene, many electrically conducting pathways, and easily tunable sulfur content, which can be cut and pressed into pellets to be directly used as lithium-sulfur battery cathodes without using a metal current-collector, binder, and conductive additive. The porous network and sulfur nanocrystals enable rapid ion transport and short Li(+) diffusion distance, the interconnected fibrous graphene provides highly conductive electron transport pathways, and the oxygen-containing (mainly hydroxyl/epoxide) groups show strong binding with polysulfides, preventing their dissolution into the electrolyte based on first-principles calculations. As a result, the G-S hybrids show a high capacity, an excellent high-rate performance, and a long life over 100 cycles. These results demonstrate the great potential of this unique hybrid structure as cathodes for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.

Association of Genetic Predisposition With Solitary Schwannoma or Meningioma in Children and Young Adults.

PubMed

Pathmanaban, Omar N; Sadler, Katherine V; Kamaly-Asl, Ian D; King, Andrew T; Rutherford, Scott A; Hammerbeck-Ward, Charlotte; McCabe, Martin G; Kilday, John-Paul; Beetz, Christian; Poplawski, Nicola K; Evans, D Gareth; Smith, Miriam J

2017-09-01

Meningiomas and schwannomas are usually sporadic, isolated tumors occurring in adults older than 60 years and are rare in children and young adults. Multiple schwannomas and/or meningiomas are more frequently associated with a tumor suppressor syndrome and, accordingly, trigger genetic testing, whereas solitary tumors do not. Nevertheless, apparently sporadic tumors in young patients may herald a genetic syndrome. To determine the frequency of the known heritable meningioma- or schwannoma-predisposing mutations in children and young adults presenting with a solitary meningioma or schwannoma. Using the database of the Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, this cohort study analyzed lymphocyte DNA from young individuals prospectively referred to the clinic for genetic testing between January 1, 1990, and December 31, 2016, on presentation with a single meningioma (n = 42) or schwannoma (n = 135) before age 25 years. Sequencing data were also examined from an additional 39 patients with neurofibromatosis type 2 who were retrospectively identified as having a solitary tumor before age 25 years. Patients with schwannoma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, and LZTR1 gene mutations, while patients with meningioma were screened for NF2, SMARCB1, SMARCE1, and SUFU. The type of underlying genetic mutation, or lack of a predisposing mutation, was associated with the presenting tumor type and subsequent development of additional tumors or other features of known schwannoma- and meningioma-predisposing syndromes. In 2 cohorts of patients who presented with an isolated meningioma (n = 42; median [range] age, 11 [1-24] years; 22 female) or schwannoma (n = 135; median [range] age, 18 [0.2-24] years; 60 female) before age 25 years, 16 of 42 patients (38%) had a predisposing mutation to meningioma and 27 of 135 patients (20%) to schwannoma, respectively. In the solitary meningioma cohort, 34 of 63 patients (54%) had a constitutional mutation in a known meningioma

Shoaling internal solitary waves of depression over gentle slopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivera, Gustavo; Diamessis, Peter

2017-11-01

The shoaling of an internal solitary wave (ISW) of depression over gentle slopes is explored through fully nonlinear and non-hydrostatic simulations using a high resolution/accuracy deformed spectral multidomain penalty method. During shoaling, the wave does not disintegrate as in the case of steeper slope but, instead, maintains its symmetric shape. At the core of the wave, an unstable region forms, characterized by the entrapment of heavier-over-light fluid. The formation of this convective instability is attributed to the vertical stretching by the ISW of the near-surface vorticity layer associated with the baroclinic background current. According to recent field observations in the South China Sea, the unstable region drives localized turbulent mixing within the wave, estimated to be up to four times larger than that in the open ocean, in the form of a recirculating trapped core. In this talk, emphasis is placed on the structure of the unstable region and the persistence of a possible recirculating core using simulations which capture 2D wave propagation combined with 3D representation of the transition to turbulence. As such, a preliminary understanding of the underlying fluid mechanics and the potential broader oceanic significance of ISWs with trapped cores is offered. Financial support gratefully acknowledged to NSF OCE Grant 1634257.

Solitary haemangioma of the shaft of long bones: resection and reconstruction with autologous bone graft.

PubMed

Li, Zhaoxu; Tang, Jicun; Ye, Zhaoming

2013-04-01

Bone haemangiomas are uncommon lesions, occurring in the skull or spine. A solitary haemangioma in the diaphysis of a long bone is rare. We retrospectively investigated six patients who presented with a solitary haemangioma in a long bone diaphysis. After segmental bone resection, the bone defect was replaced by a bone autograft. Patients were reviewed clinically and with radiographs. The mean follow-up was 6 years (range : 1-20 years). At the time of latest follow-up, no patient had a recurrence. Postoperative complications were one wound necrosis and one superficial wound infection. Union of the gap filling graft with the host bone was achieved in all patients at an average of 4 months (range: 3-8 months). The average Musculoskeletal Tumor Society functional score was 77% (range: 53%-90%) of normal at 6 months postoperatively, and 97% (range: 95%-99%) at the last follow-up evaluation. Segmental resection for solitary haemangioma and reconstruction with autologous bone graft can be considered as a suitable treatment option.

Physical properties of collagen fibrous networks derived from bovine hides

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The hides and leather industry has been facing a serious challenge in the disposal of solid wastes such as trimmings and lime-splits. One strategy to solve this problem is to convert these wastes into useful fibrous products and green composites. Therefore research is needed to investigate the pre...

A Neolithic case of fibrous dysplasia from Çatalhöyük (Turkey).

PubMed

Milella, Marco; Knüsel, Christopher J; Haddow, Scott D

2016-12-01

The vast majority of primary burials at Neolithic Çatalhöyük (Central Anatolia, Turkey, 7100-6000cal BC) are recovered from beneath house floors, with burials in external spaces extremely rare. Excavations at Çatalhöyük in 1998 brought to light a young adult male buried in a midden (a burial location observed so far for only 4 out of 440 individuals), showing a suite of pathological features affecting the entire skeleton. The observed pathological changes include perimortem and antemortem fractures, proliferative and resorptive areas, thinning of the bone cortex, and localized areas of disorganized spongy bone invaded by fibrous tissue. We propose a differential diagnosis by considering a set of conditions: Paget's disease, osteomyelitis, hyperparathyrhoidism, Ollier's disease, fibrosarcoma, and fibrous dysplasia. The severity and distribution of the observed skeletal changes are consistent with a diagnosis of polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, a possibly debilitating and disfiguring condition. This, together with an unusual depositional context, may suggest a socially-mediated reaction to this individual's infirmity. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Solitary nodular sarcoidosis demonstrating reversed tuberculin skin reaction].

PubMed

Osoreda, Hisayuki; Kobayashi, Hideo; Kanoh, Soichiro; Motoyoshi, Kazuo

2008-08-01

A 29-year-old woman was admitted because of chest radiograph abnormality. She had no respiratory complaints. Chest CT demonstrated an ill-defined nodule of 20mm with the "sarcoid galaxy sign" in the right upper lobe. Transbronchial biopsy (TBB) specimens from right S2 revealed non-caseating epithelioid cell granuloma. Initial clinical findings suggested mycobacterial infection. However, while waiting for the results of mycobacterial cultures in bronchial washing fluid, the tuberculin skin reaction was found to be negative, and enlargement of nodule, mediastinal lymphadenopathy and elevated soluble IL-2R were observed. Cultures for mycobacterium were negative and repeat TBB specimens revealed granulomatous inflammation. We diagnosed with sarcoidosis based on these findings. Solitary nodular sarcoidosis is rare with only 17 cases having been reported. These cases were diagnosed with difficulty because of non-specific clinical findings and of the 17, 16 cases (94%) were diagnosed by surgical procedures. We observed the clinico-radiological course of solitary nodules and the change in tuberculin reaction. Although a negative tuberculin skin reaction was commonly recognized in sarcoidosis patients, we confirmed that initial positive tuberculin reaction changed to negative according to disease progress. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report in adults.

Solitary solutions including spatially localized chaos and their interactions in two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow.

PubMed

Hiruta, Yoshiki; Toh, Sadayoshi

2015-12-01

Two-dimensional Kolmogorov flow in wide periodic boxes is numerically investigated. It is shown that the total flow rate in the direction perpendicular to the force controls the characteristics of the flow, especially the existence of spatially localized solitary solutions such as traveling waves, periodic solutions, and chaotic solutions, which can behave as elementary components of the flow. We propose a procedure to construct approximate solutions consisting of solitary solutions. It is confirmed by direct numerical simulations that these solutions are stable and represent interactions between elementary components such as collisions, coexistence, and collapse of chaos.

The Mouse Solitary Odorant Receptor Gene Promoters as Models for the Study of Odorant Receptor Gene Choice.

PubMed

Degl'Innocenti, Andrea; Parrilla, Marta; Harr, Bettina; Teschke, Meike

2016-01-01

In vertebrates, several anatomical regions located within the nasal cavity mediate olfaction. Among these, the main olfactory epithelium detects most conventional odorants. Olfactory sensory neurons, provided with cilia exposed to the air, detect volatile chemicals via an extremely large family of seven-transmembrane chemoreceptors named odorant receptors. Their genes are expressed in a monogenic and monoallelic fashion: a single allele of a single odorant receptor gene is transcribed in a given mature neuron, through a still uncharacterized molecular mechanism known as odorant receptor gene choice. Odorant receptor genes are typically arranged in genomic clusters, but a few are isolated (we call them solitary) from the others within a region broader than 1 Mb upstream and downstream with respect to their transcript's coordinates. The study of clustered genes is problematic, because of redundancy and ambiguities in their regulatory elements: we propose to use the solitary genes as simplified models to understand odorant receptor gene choice. Here we define number and identity of the solitary genes in the mouse genome (C57BL/6J), and assess the conservation of the solitary status in some mammalian orthologs. Furthermore, we locate their putative promoters, predict their homeodomain binding sites (commonly present in the promoters of odorant receptor genes) and compare candidate promoter sequences with those of wild-caught mice. We also provide expression data from histological sections. In the mouse genome there are eight intact solitary genes: Olfr19 (M12), Olfr49, Olfr266, Olfr267, Olfr370, Olfr371, Olfr466, Olfr1402; five are conserved as solitary in rat. These genes are all expressed in the main olfactory epithelium of three-day-old mice. The C57BL/6J candidate promoter of Olfr370 has considerably varied compared to its wild-type counterpart. Within the putative promoter for Olfr266 a homeodomain binding site is predicted. As a whole, our findings favor Olfr266

Mapping local orientation of aligned fibrous scatterers for cancerous tissues using backscattering Mueller matrix imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Honghui; Sun, Minghao; Zeng, Nan; Du, E.; Liu, Shaoxiong; Guo, Yihong; Wu, Jian; He, Yonghong; Ma, Hui

2014-10-01

Polarization measurements are sensitive to the microstructure of tissues and can be used to detect pathological changes. Many tissues contain anisotropic fibrous structures. We obtain the local orientation of aligned fibrous scatterers using different groups of the backscattering Mueller matrix elements. Experiments on concentrically well-aligned silk fibers and unstained human papillary thyroid carcinoma tissues show that the m22, m33, m23, and m32 elements have better contrast but higher degeneracy for the extraction of orientation angles. The m12 and m13 elements show lower contrast, but allow us to determine the orientation angle for the fibrous scatterers along all directions. Moreover, Monte Carlo simulations based on the sphere-cylinder scattering model indicate that the oblique incidence of the illumination beam introduces some errors in the orientation angles obtained by both methods. Mapping the local orientation of anisotropic tissues may not only provide information on pathological changes, but can also give new leads to reduce the orientation dependence of polarization measurements.

Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking

PubMed Central

Creswell, Kasey G.; Chung, Tammy; Wright, Aidan G. C.; Clark, Duncan B.; Black, Jessica J.; Martin, Christopher S.

2015-01-01

Aims This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. Design Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. Setting Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. Participants The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). Measurements Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. Findings The path model provided a good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = 0.05, P = 0.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, b = –0.23, P<0.01), as well as an indirect effect through the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = –0.03, P = 0.02). Conclusions The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking. PMID:25664806

Personality, negative affect coping, and drinking alone: a structural equation modeling approach to examine correlates of adolescent solitary drinking.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Wright, Aidan G C; Clark, Duncan B; Black, Jessica J; Martin, Christopher S

2015-05-01

This study examined the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint and the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states as correlates of solitary drinking in adolescence. We hypothesized that higher levels of negative emotionality and lower levels of constraint would predict solitary drinking and that these relationships would be mediated by the ability to resist drinking in response to negative emotions. Structural equation modeling was used to fit a path model from the personality traits of negative emotionality and constraint to solitary drinking status through intermediate effects on the ability to resist drinking during negative emotions using cross-sectional data. Clinical and community settings in Pennsylvania, USA. The sample included 761 adolescent drinkers (mean age = 17.1). Adolescents completed the Lifetime Drinking History, the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire, the Constructive Thinking Inventory and the Situational Confidence Questionnaire. The path model provided a good fit to the data. The association between trait negative emotionality and solitary drinking was fully mediated by adolescents' ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = 0.05, P = 0.01). In contrast, constraint had a direct effect on solitary drinking (odds ratio (OR) = 0.79, b = -0.23, P<0.01), as well as an indirect effect through the ability to resist drinking during negative affective states (b = -0.03, P = 0.02). The ability to resist drinking while experiencing negative feelings or emotions may be an important underlying mechanism linking trait negative emotionality (a tendency toward depression, anxiety and poor reaction to stress) and constraint (lack of impulsiveness) to adolescent solitary drinking. © 2015 Society for the Study of Addiction.

Lower-hybrid (LH) oscillitons evolved from ion-acoustic (IA)/ion-cyclotron (IC) solitary waves: effect of electron inertia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, J. Z. G.; Hirose, A.

2010-05-01

Lower-hybrid (LH) oscillitons reveal one aspect of geocomplexities. They have been observed by rockets and satellites in various regions in geospace. They are extraordinary solitary waves the envelop of which has a relatively longer period, while the amplitude is modulated violently by embedded oscillations of much shorter periods. We employ a two-fluid (electron-ion) slab model in a Cartesian geometry to expose the excitation of LH oscillitons. Relying on a set of self-similar equations, we first produce, as a reference, the well-known three shapes (sinusoidal, sawtooth, and spiky or bipolar) of parallel-propagating ion-acoustic (IA) solitary structures in the absence of electron inertia, along with their Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) power spectra. The study is then expanded to illustrate distorted structures of the IA modes by taking into account all the three components of variables. In this case, the ion-cyclotron (IC) mode comes into play. Furthermore, the electron inertia is incorporated in the equations. It is found that the inertia modulates the coupled IA/IC envelops to produce LH oscillitons. The newly excited structures are characterized by a normal low-frequency IC solitary envelop embedded by high-frequency, small-amplitude LH oscillations which are superimposed upon by higher-frequency but smaller-amplitude IA ingredients. The oscillitons are shown to be sensitive to several input parameters (e.g., the Mach number, the electron-ion mass/temperature ratios, and the electron thermal speed). Interestingly, whenever a LH oscilliton is triggered, there occurs a density cavity the depth of which can reach up to 20% of the background density, along with density humps on both sides of the cavity. Unexpectedly, a mode at much lower frequencies is also found beyond the IC band. Future studies are finally highlighted. The appendices give a general dispersion relation and specific ones of linear modes relevant to all the nonlinear modes encountered in the text.

Dendritic Fibrous Nanosilica for Catalysis, Energy Harvesting, Carbon Dioxide Mitigation, Drug Delivery, and Sensing

PubMed Central

Maity, Ayan

2017-01-01

Abstract Morphology‐controlled nanomaterials such as silica play a crucial role in the development of technologies for addressing challenges in the fields of energy, environment, and health. After the discovery of Stöber silica, followed by that of mesoporous silica materials, such as MCM‐41 and SBA‐15, a significant surge in the design and synthesis of nanosilica with various sizes, shapes, morphologies, and textural properties has been observed in recent years. One notable invention is dendritic fibrous nanosilica, also known as KCC‐1. This material possesses a unique fibrous morphology, unlike the tubular porous structure of various conventional silica materials. It has a high surface area with improved accessibility to the internal surface, tunable pore size and pore volume, controllable particle size, and, importantly, improved stability. Since its discovery, a large number of studies have been reported concerning its use in applications such as catalysis, solar‐energy harvesting, energy storage, self‐cleaning antireflective coatings, surface plasmon resonance‐based ultrasensitive sensors, CO2 capture, and biomedical applications. These reports indicate that dendritic fibrous nanosilica has excellent potential as an alternative to popular silica materials such as MCM‐41, SBA‐15, Stöber silica, and mesoporous silica nanoparticles. This Review provides a critical survey of the dendritic fibrous nanosilica family of materials, and the discussion includes the synthesis and formation mechanism, applications in catalysis and photocatalysis, applications in energy harvesting and storage, applications in magnetic and composite materials, applications in CO2 mitigation, biomedical applications, and analytical applications. PMID:28834600

Surgical resection of late solitary locoregional gastric cancer recurrence in stomach bed.

PubMed

Watanabe, Masanori; Suzuki, Hideyuki; Maejima, Kentaro; Komine, Osamu; Mizutani, Satoshi; Yoshino, Masanori; Bo, Hideki; Kitayama, Yasuhiko; Uchida, Eiji

2012-07-01

Late-onset and solitary recurrence of gastric signet ring cell (SRC) carcinoma is rare. We report a successful surgical resection of late solitary locoregional recurrence after curative gastrectomy for gastric SRC carcinoma. The patient underwent total gastrectomy for advanced gastric carcinoma at age 52. Seven years after the primary operation, he visited us again with sudden onset of abdominal pain and vomiting. We finally decided to perform an operation, based on a diagnosis of colon obstruction due to the recurrence of gastric cancer by clinical findings and instrumental examinations. The laparotomic intra-abdominal findings showed that the recurrent tumor existed in the region surrounded by the left diaphragm, colon of splenic flexure, and pancreas tail. There was no evidence of peritoneal dissemination, and peritoneal lavage fluid cytology was negative. We performed complete resection of the recurrent tumor with partial colectomy, distal pancreatectomy, and partial diaphragmectomy. Histological examination of the resected specimen revealed SRC carcinoma, identical in appearance to the previously resected gastric cancer. We confirmed that the intra-abdominal tumor was a locoregional gastric cancer recurrence in the stomach bed. The patient showed a long-term survival of 27 months after the second operation. In the absence of effective alternative treatment for recurrent gastric carcinoma, surgical options should be pursued, especially for late and solitary recurrence.

Conceptualizing the autism spectrum in terms of natural selection and behavioral ecology: the solitary forager hypothesis.

PubMed

Reser, Jared Edward

2011-05-21

This article reviews etiological and comparative evidence supporting the hypothesis that some genes associated with the autism spectrum were naturally selected and represent the adaptive benefits of being cognitively suited for solitary foraging. People on the autism spectrum are conceptualized here as ecologically competent individuals that could have been adept at learning and implementing hunting and gathering skills in the ancestral environment. Upon independence from their mothers, individuals on the autism spectrum may have been psychologically predisposed toward a different life-history strategy, common among mammals and even some primates, to hunt and gather primarily on their own. Many of the behavioral and cognitive tendencies that autistic individuals exhibit are viewed here as adaptations that would have complemented a solitary lifestyle. For example, the obsessive, repetitive and systemizing tendencies in autism, which can be mistakenly applied toward activities such as block stacking today, may have been focused by hunger and thirst toward successful food procurement in the ancestral past. Both solitary mammals and autistic individuals are low on measures of gregariousness, socialization, direct gazing, eye contact, facial expression, facial recognition, emotional engagement, affiliative need and other social behaviors. The evolution of the neurological tendencies in solitary species that predispose them toward being introverted and reclusive may hold important clues for the evolution of the autism spectrum and the natural selection of autism genes. Solitary animals are thought to eschew unnecessary social contact as part of a foraging strategy often due to scarcity and wide dispersal of food in their native environments. It is thought that the human ancestral environment was often nutritionally sparse as well, and this may have driven human parties to periodically disband. Inconsistencies in group size must have led to inconsistencies in the manner

Percutaneous nephrolithotomy for complex caliceal and staghorn stones in patients with solitary kidney.

PubMed

Resorlu, Berkan; Kara, Cengiz; Oguz, Ural; Bayindir, Mirze; Unsal, Ali

2011-06-01

Treatment of patients with solitary kidney having complex stones is one of the most challenging problem in urology. We present our experience with percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL) in treating 16 patients with staghorn stones in a solitary kidney to determine long-term renal functional results. We retrospectively reviewed the records of 16 patients with complex caliceal or staghorn stones in a solitary kidney treated with PCNL. Demographic data, number and location of accesses, hemoglobin values, stone analyses, and complications were studied. Serum creatinine, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), systolic and diastolic blood pressure, new onset hypertension, and kidney morphology were determined preoperatively and postoperatively at 1 month and 1 year. Male to female ratio was 14:2 and mean age was 49.6 years (range 31-55). Of these, 10 (62.5%) patients required a single tract, while 6 (37.5%) required multiple tracts. The calculi were extracted or fragmented successfully in 13 (81.3%) patients and complete stone clearance was achieved after the first stage. In two patients with residual calculi, a double-J catheter was inserted and extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (SWL) was performed. There were no significant intraoperative problems except in one patient, who had bleeding from an infundibular tear attributable to torquing. During the 1-year study period, none of the patients progressed to end-stage renal disease requiring dialysis. We demonstrated a significant improvement in creatinine and GFR levels from preoperatively to 1-year follow-up. The number of patients with hypertension before PCNL was 5 and by the end of follow-up there was no new onset hypertension. The demonstrated effectiveness, small number of complications at short-term, not any poorly effect on renal function and blood pressure at the long-term follow-up confirm that PCNL is not only effective but is also safe in the solitary kidney with staghorn calculi.

Evaluation and Comparison of the Biopathology of Collagen and Inflammation in the Extracellular Matrix of Oral Epithelial Dysplasias and Inflammatory Fibrous Hyperplasia Using Picrosirius Red Stain and Polarising Microscopy: A Preliminary Study

PubMed Central

Varghese, Soma Susan; Sarojini, Sreenivasan Bargavan; George, Giju Baby; Vinod, Sankar; Mathew, Philips; Babu, Anulekh; Sebastian, Joseph

2015-01-01

Background: The role of tumour inflammation and the dysplastic epithelial-stromal interactions on the nature of collagen fibres in the extracellular matrix of dysplastic epithelium is not fully understood. The present study was aimed to evaluate and compare the inflammation and pathological stromal collagen (loosely packed thin disorganized collagen) present in mild, moderate and severe epithelial dysplasias with that of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasias. The basement membrane intactness of epithelial dysplasias was also evaluated to determine if dysplastic epithelial mesenchymal interaction has any role in the integrity of stromal collagen in epithelial dysplasia. Methods: Oral epithelial dysplasias, inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia and normal oral mucosal samples were used for the study. Packing, thickness and orientation of collagen fibres in mild, moderate and severe grades of oral epithelial dysplasias (n = 24), inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia (n = 8) and normal oral mucosal samples (n = 8) were analysed based on the polarisation of collagen fibres in picrosirius red polarising stain under polarising microscope. Results: All the grades of epithelial dysplasias showed greenish yellow birefringence confirming the presence of loosely arranged pathological collagen in the presence of moderate inflammation. All the cases of inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia showed red polarisation hue and moderate inflammation. A statistically significant difference was found in the packing and orientation of collagen when epithelial dysplasias and inflammatory fibrous hyperplasia were compared (P < 0.01). When the intactness of basement membrane integrity was compared in all the groups of epithelial dysplasia, a statistically significant result was obtained (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Presence of significant amount of loosely packed thin disoriented collagen even in mild epithelial dysplasia suggests that tumourigenic factors are released to connective tissue stroma much earlier than

Canine histiocytic sarcoma presenting as a target lesion on brain magnetic resonance imaging and as a solitary pulmonary mass.

PubMed

Hicks, Jill; Barber, Renee; Childs, Bronwen; Kirejczyk, Shannon Gm; Uhl, Elizabeth W

2017-04-17

A 6-year-old spayed female miniature schnauzer presented with generalized seizures and progressive multifocal intracranial neurologic disease. Thoracic radiographs and computed tomography (CT) revealed a large solitary pulmonary mass within the right cranial lung lobe. On brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), a solitary intraparenchymal mass within the left piriform lobe had a "target" appearance on both pre- and postcontrast sequences. Cerebrospinal fluid was unremarkable and histopathology indicated both masses represented histiocytic sarcoma. This case represents an uncommonly reported MRI appearance of histiocytic sarcoma in the canine brain and a large, solitary-appearing pulmonary histiocytic sarcoma in the same dog. © 2017 American College of Veterinary Radiology.

Recurrent Somatic PDGFRB Mutations in Sporadic Infantile/Solitary Adult Myofibromas But Not in Angioleiomyomas and Myopericytomas.

PubMed

Agaimy, Abbas; Bieg, Matthias; Michal, Michael; Geddert, Helene; Märkl, Bruno; Seitz, Jan; Moskalev, Evgeny A; Schlesner, Matthias; Metzler, Markus; Hartmann, Arndt; Wiemann, Stefan; Michal, Michal; Mentzel, Thomas; Haller, Florian

2017-02-01

Infantile myofibroma (MF) is an uncommon benign myofibroblastic tumor of infancy and childhood. Solitary adult MF shares similar features with infantile MF. The lesions occur in 3 clinicopathologic settings: solitary, multicentric, and generalized and can be either sporadic or familial. Traditionally, infantile MF has been included in the spectrum of infantile hemangiopericytoma. The recent World Health Organization classification listed MF, angioleiomyoma, and myopericytoma under the general heading of perivascular tumors in the sense of a morphologic spectrum of perivascular myoid cell neoplasms. Although activating germline PDGFRB mutations have recently been linked to familial infantile MF, the molecular pathogenesis of sporadic infantile and adult solitary MF remained unclear. In this study, we analyzed 25 solitary MFs without evidence of familial disease (9 infantile and 16 adult MFs) to address the question whether somatic PDGFRB mutations might be responsible for the sporadic form of the disease. Given the presumed histogenetic link of MF to myopericytoma and angioleiomyoma, we additionally analyzed a control group of 6 myopericytomas and 9 angioleiomyomas for PDGFRB mutations. We detected PDGFRB mutations in 6/8 (75%) analyzable infantile and in 11/16 (69%) adult MFs but in none of the angioleiomyomas or myopericytomas. In 2 infantile MFs, additional sequencing of the germline confirmed the somatic nature of PDGFRB mutations. To our knowledge, this is the first study reporting apparently somatic recurrent PDGFRB mutations as molecular driver events in the majority of sporadic infantile and adult solitary MFs. Our results suggest molecular distinctness of MF as compared with angioleiomyoma/myopericytoma. Investigation of more cases including those with atypical and worrisome features, as well as other mimickers in the heterogenous morphologic spectrum of MF, is mandatory for validating the potential diagnostic value of PDGFRB mutation testing as a possible

Fibrous polyaniline@manganese oxide nanocomposites as supercapacitor electrode materials and cathode catalysts for improved power production in microbial fuel cells.

PubMed

Ansari, Sajid Ali; Parveen, Nazish; Han, Thi Hiep; Ansari, Mohammad Omaish; Cho, Moo Hwan

2016-04-07

Fibrous Pani-MnO2 nanocomposite were prepared using a one-step and scalable in situ chemical oxidative polymerization method. The formation, structural and morphological properties were investigated using a range of characterization techniques. The electrochemical capacitive behavior of the fibrous Pani-MnO2 nanocomposite was examined by cyclic voltammetry and galvanostatic charge-discharge measurements using a three-electrode experimental setup in an aqueous electrolyte. The fibrous Pani-MnO2 nanocomposite achieved high capacitance (525 F g(-1) at a current density of 2 A g(-1)) and excellent cycling stability of 76.9% after 1000 cycles at 10 A g(-1). Furthermore, the microbial fuel cell constructed with the fibrous Pani-MnO2 cathode catalyst showed an improved power density of 0.0588 W m(-2), which was higher than that of pure Pani and carbon paper, respectively. The improved electrochemical supercapacitive performance and cathode catalyst performance in microbial fuel cells were attributed mainly to the synergistic effect of Pani and MnO2 in fibrous Pani-MnO2, which provides high surface area for the electrode/electrolyte contact as well as electronic conductive channels and exhibits pseudocapacitance behavior.

McCune Albright syndrome - association of fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin spots and hyperthyroidism - case report.

PubMed

Raus, Iulian; Coroiu, Roxana Elena

2016-01-01

McCune-Albright syndrome is a rare sporadic disease characterized by bone fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin spots and a variable association of hyperfunctional endocrine disorders. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), which can involve the craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeleton, may range from an isolated, asymptomatic monostotic lesion to a severe disabling polyostotic disease involving the entire skeleton. A twenty-five-year old male patient presented to our clinic with recently developed heart palpitations. He had also been feeling pain in the right femur since he was younger, without any trauma history, leading to difficulties of ambulation and limping occasionally. His physical examination revealed café-au-lait spots with irregular borders and right testicular agenesis. Laboratory findings identified hyperthyroidism with hyperparathyroidism. Radiographs of the pelvis revealed multiple lytic lesions of the right femur and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized these lesions as specific to fibrous dysplasia of the bone, without any insufficiency fracture at this level. The association of café-au-lait skin spots with bone fibrous dysplasia, and hyperthyroidism in this patient suggested the diagnosis of McCune - Albright syndrome.

Thermoviscoplastic analysis of fibrous periodic composites using triangular subvolumes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Walker, Kevin P.; Freed, Alan D.; Jordan, Eric H.

1993-01-01

The nonlinear viscoplastic behavior of fibrous periodic composites is analyzed by discretizing the unit cell into triangular subvolumes. A set of these subvolumes can be configured by the analyst to construct a representation for the unit cell of a periodic composite. In each step of the loading history, the total strain increment at any point is governed by an integral equation which applies to the entire composite. A Fourier series approximation allows the incremental stresses and strains to be determined within a unit cell of the periodic lattice. The nonlinearity arising from the viscoplastic behavior of the constituent materials comprising the composite is treated as fictitious body force in the governing integral equation. Specific numerical examples showing the stress distributions in the unit cell of a fibrous tungsten/copper metal matrix composite under viscoplastic loading conditions are given. The stress distribution resulting in the unit cell when the composite material is subjected to an overall transverse stress loading history perpendicular to the fibers is found to be highly heterogeneous, and typical homogenization techniques based on treating the stress and strain distributions within the constituent phases as homogeneous result in large errors under inelastic loading conditions.

Pre-wintering conditions and post-winter performance in a solitary bee

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Notwithstanding lowered metabolism, and because diapausing insects have no access to food, diapause has an energetic cost that may affect post-diapause performance. Previous studies on the solitary bee Osmia lignaria have shown that prolonged pre-wintering periods (the time during which individuals ...

Application of Colloidal Filtration Theory on Textile Fibrous Media: Effect of Fiber Orientation on Bacterial Removal Efficiency and Attachment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Sukumar; Ghosh, Subrata; Bhowmick, Niranjan

2018-06-01

A mechanism to remove the Pseudomonas bacteria from contaminated water by using textile fibrous media has been proposed in this article. The attachment of Pseudomonas bacteria on nylon fibrous media was studied in laboratory column experiment. A systematic study was carried out to investigate the attachment of bacteria on the fibrous material as a function of fiber orientation to the direction of the liquid flow. Three types of textiles media with different orientation fiber were selected for the experiment (i.e. 0°, 45° and 90°). It was found that the bacteria removal efficiency was comparatively higher at 90° orientation as compared to that of 45° and 0° orientation of fibrous media, suggesting that the removal efficiency of bacteria (1 - Fp) was depended on fiber orientation. The removal trends were explained on the basis of colloidal filtration theory. This is due to the higher single collector contact efficiency and attachment/collision efficiency as observed from the experimental data of removal efficiency.

Application of Colloidal Filtration Theory on Textile Fibrous Media: Effect of Fiber Orientation on Bacterial Removal Efficiency and Attachment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Sukumar; Ghosh, Subrata; Bhowmick, Niranjan

2018-05-01

A mechanism to remove the Pseudomonas bacteria from contaminated water by using textile fibrous media has been proposed in this article. The attachment of Pseudomonas bacteria on nylon fibrous media was studied in laboratory column experiment. A systematic study was carried out to investigate the attachment of bacteria on the fibrous material as a function of fiber orientation to the direction of the liquid flow. Three types of textiles media with different orientation fiber were selected for the experiment (i.e. 0°, 45° and 90°). It was found that the bacteria removal efficiency was comparatively higher at 90° orientation as compared to that of 45° and 0° orientation of fibrous media, suggesting that the removal efficiency of bacteria (1 - Fp) was depended on fiber orientation. The removal trends were explained on the basis of colloidal filtration theory. This is due to the higher single collector contact efficiency and attachment/collision efficiency as observed from the experimental data of removal efficiency.

Different clinical presentation and management of temporal bone fibrous dysplasia in children.

PubMed

Mierzwiński, Józef; Kosowska, Justyna; Tyra, Justyna; Haber, Karolina; Drela, Maria; Paczkowski, Dariusz; Burduk, Paweł

2018-01-15

Fibrous dysplasia is a slowly progressive benign fibro-osseous disorder that involves one or multiple bones with a unilateral distribution in most cases. It is a lesion of unknown etiology, uncertain pathogenesis, and diverse histopathology. Temporal bone involvement is the least frequently reported type, especially in children. We reviewed available articles regarding fibrous dysplasia with temporal bone involvement in children and added four patients aged 7 to 17 years who were diagnosed and treated in our institution from 2006 to 2017. The patients' clinical picture comprised head deformity, external canal stenosis, headache, progressive conductive and/or sensorineural hearing loss, tinnitus, and sudden deafness. Two patients had experienced severe episodic vertigo with nausea and vomiting. Two were referred to us with external canal obstruction and secondary cholesteatoma formation with broad middle ear destruction. One was diagnosed with acute mastoiditis and intracranial complications. Optimal management of fibrous dysplasia is unclear and can be challenging, especially in children. In our two patients with disease expansion and involvement of important structures, surgical treatment was abandoned and a "wait-and-scan" policy was applied. The other two were qualified for surgical treatment. One patient underwent two surgeries: modified lateral petrosectomy (canal left open) with pathological tissue removal, cavity obliteration, and subsequent tympanoplasty. Another patient with extensive destruction of the left temporal bone underwent canal wall down mastoidectomy with perisinus abscess drainage and revision 12 months later. Tympanoplasty was unsatisfactory in both patients because of slow progression of the middle ear pathology. None of our patients underwent pharmacological treatment. In younger patients, observation and a "wait-and-scan" protocol is relevant until significant function, or cosmetic deficits are obvious. Surgery is not preferred and should

Phosphorylation of fibrous materials as a "green" method of their functional diversification =

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Volkov, Vadim

The need for the material diversification is typically demanded in research and industry, and it stems from the particular applications of the given material. The current work describes three successful applications of in vitro enzymatic modification of fibrous materials. The chosen materials are silk fibroin (SF) from Bombyx mori (domesticated silkworm) and human hair keratin; the modification is phosphorylation with an ATP as a source of exogenous phosphate group. Protein kinase A from bovine source was the enzyme of choice. Natural fibrous materials are known for their outstanding mechanical properties, environmental stability, biocompatibility and shape control. In the last decades, the knowledge on both SF and keratin has considerably increased, regarding their fine structure and molecular biology, similarly to their practical applications in the field of biotechnology. Produced through sustainable, relatively simple and cheap processes, the natural fibrous materials are one of the main raw sources for biomaterial production. Unlike many biologically derived proteins, both silk and keratin are inherently stable to environmental changes and are mechanically robust. Silk and keratin contain several functional groups on the backbone and side chains of their constituting proteins, therefore exerting an ideal components for production of different protein-derived biomaterials. Therefore, it was of our interest to explore the possibility of "green" treatment of SF and keratin for biomedical (SF) and cosmetic (keratin) applications. The piece of evidence, presented in this thesis, strongly support the idea of enzymatically-mediated in vitro modification of both materials. Although high enzymatic specificity, accompanied by steric hindrance, resulted in somewhat low levels of phosphorylation, it was sufficient to cause considerable structural (SF) and chemical (SF and keratin) changes. The obtained results indicate that kinases can be potentially used to diversify

Pore-scale modeling of Capillary Penetration of Wetting Liquid into 3D Fibrous Media: A Critical Examination of Equivalent Capillary Concept

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Palakurthi, Nikhil Kumar; Ghia, Urmila; Comer, Ken

2013-11-01

Capillary penetration of liquid through fibrous porous media is important in many applications such as printing, drug delivery patches, sanitary wipes, and performance fabrics. Historically, capillary transport (with a distinct liquid propagating front) in porous media is modeled using capillary-bundle theory. However, it is not clear if the capillary model (Washburn equation) describes the fluid transport in porous media accurately, as it assumes uniformity of pore sizes in the porous medium. The present work investigates the limitations of the applicability of the capillary model by studying liquid penetration through virtual fibrous media with uniform and non-uniform pore-sizes. For the non-uniform-pore fibrous medium, the effective capillary radius of the fibrous medium was estimated from the pore-size distribution curve. Liquid penetration into the 3D virtual fibrous medium at micro-scale was simulated using OpenFOAM, and the numerical results were compared with the Washburn-equation capillary-model predictions. Preliminary results show that the Washburn equation over-predicts the height rise in the early stages (purely inertial and visco-inertial stages) of capillary transport.

Electromagnetic dip and hump solitary structures in oxygen-hydrogen dissipative plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hussain, S.; Haseeb, Mahnaz Q.; Hasnain, H.

2017-10-01

The excitation of low frequency magnetosonic waves in O + - H + - e - and O + - H - - e - collisional plasmas is studied. The light ions (hydrogen) may be positive as well as negative and are warm, and the heavy ions (oxygen) are considered as the cold species. The inertia of isothermal electrons is also considered. The collisions of ions and electrons with neutrals are taken into account. The hydrodynamic equations represent the dynamics of positive ions, negative ions, and isothermal electrons along with Maxwell's equations. The damped Korteweg de Vries equation is derived by employing the reductive perturbation technique and its time dependent solution is presented. Dip magnetosonic solitary structures are observed when both ions are positive and hump structures are seen in the presence of negative ions. The effects of variations of different plasma parameters on magnetosonic solitary structures in the presence of collisions are discussed.

Transparent lattices and their solitary waves.

PubMed

Sadurní, E

2014-09-01

We provide a family of transparent tight-binding models with nontrivial potentials and site-dependent hopping parameters. Their feasibility is discussed in electromagnetic resonators, dielectric slabs, and quantum-mechanical traps. In the second part of the paper, the arrays are obtained through a generalization of supersymmetric quantum mechanics in discrete variables. The formalism includes a finite-difference Darboux transformation applied to the scattering matrix of a periodic array. A procedure for constructing a hierarchy of discrete Hamiltonians is indicated and a particular biparametric family is given. The corresponding potentials and hopping functions are identified as solitary waves, pointing to a discrete spinorial generalization of the Korteweg-deVries family.

Characteristics of solitary waves in a relativistic degenerate ion beam driven magneto plasma

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deka, Manoj Kr.; Dev, Apul N.; Misra, Amar P.; Adhikary, Nirab C.

2018-01-01

The nonlinear propagation of a small amplitude ion acoustic solitary wave in a relativistic degenerate magneto plasma in the presence of an ion beam is investigated in detail. The nonlinear equations describing the evolution of a solitary wave in the presence of relativistic non-degenerate magnetized positive ions and ion beams including magnetized degenerate relativistic electrons are derived in terms of Zakharov-Kuznetsov (Z-K) equation for such plasma systems. The ion beams which are a ubiquitous ingredient in such plasma systems are found to have a decisive role in the propagation of a solitary wave in such a highly dense plasma system. The conditions of a wave, propagating with typical solitonic characteristics, are examined and discussed in detail under suitable conditions of different physical parameters. Both a subsonic and supersonic wave can propagate in such plasmas bearing different characteristics under different physical situations. A detailed analysis of waves propagating in subsonic and/or supersonic regime is carried out. The ion beam concentrations, magnetic field, as well as ion beam streaming velocity are found to play a momentous role on the control of the amplitude and width of small amplitude perturbation in both weakly (or non-relativistic) and relativistic plasmas.

Biot theory and acoustical properties of high porosity fibrous materials and plastic foams

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Allard, J.; Aknine, A.

1987-01-01

Experimental values of acoustic wave propagation constant and characteristic impedance in fibrous materials, and normal absorption for two plastic foams, were compared to theoretical predictions obtained with Biot's theory. The best agreement was observed for fibrous materials between Biot's theory and Delany and Bazley experiments for a nearly zero mass coupling parameter. For foams, the lambda/4 structure resonance effect on absorption was calculated by using four-pole modelling of the medium. A significant mass coupling parameter is then necessary for obtaining agreement between the behavior of the measured absorption coefficients and the theoretical predictions. It is shown how the formalism used for predicting foams absorption coefficients may be used for studying the acoustic behavior of multi-layered media.

Bronchogenic adenocarcinoma presenting as a synchronous solitary lytic skull lesion with ischaemic stroke – case report and literature review

PubMed Central

O’Connell, David; Kaliaperumal, Chandrasekaran; Wyse, Gerald; McCarthy, Julie; Ryan, Aisling

2011-01-01

The authors describe a rare case of metastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinoma in a 55-year-old man presenting with concomittant solitary lytic skull lesion and ischaemic stroke. Metastatic bronchogenic carcinoma is known to present as lytic skull lesions. Primary brain tumours are also known to cause ischaemic brain injury. An underlying stroke risk may be exagerated by cranial tumour surgery. Patients with brain tumours are well known to be predisposed to an increased risk of developing thromboembolic disease. It is unusual to see metastatic bronchogenic adenocarcinoma presenting as ischaemic stroke with a background of concomittant cerebral metastasis. The aetio-pathogenesis of this rare occurrence is discussed with a review of literature. PMID:22669998

Solitary BioY Proteins Mediate Biotin Transport into Recombinant Escherichia coli

PubMed Central

Finkenwirth, Friedrich; Kirsch, Franziska

2013-01-01

Energy-coupling factor (ECF) transporters form a large group of vitamin uptake systems in prokaryotes. They are composed of highly diverse, substrate-specific, transmembrane proteins (S units), a ubiquitous transmembrane protein (T unit), and homo- or hetero-oligomeric ABC ATPases. Biotin transporters represent a special case of ECF-type systems. The majority of the biotin-specific S units (BioY) is known or predicted to interact with T units and ABC ATPases. About one-third of BioY proteins, however, are encoded in organisms lacking any recognizable T unit. This finding raises the question of whether these BioYs function as transporters in a solitary state, a feature ascribed to certain BioYs in the past. To address this question in living cells, an Escherichia coli K-12 derivative deficient in biotin synthesis and devoid of its endogenous high-affinity biotin transporter was constructed as a reference strain. This organism is particularly suited for this purpose because components of ECF transporters do not naturally occur in E. coli K-12. The double mutant was viable in media containing either high levels of biotin or a precursor of the downstream biosynthetic path. Importantly, it was nonviable on trace levels of biotin. Eight solitary bioY genes of proteobacterial origin were individually expressed in the reference strain. Each of the BioYs conferred biotin uptake activity on the recombinants, which was inferred from uptake assays with [3H]biotin and growth of the cells on trace levels of biotin. The results underscore that solitary BioY transports biotin across the cytoplasmic membrane. PMID:23836870

Acute kidney injury after percutaneous nephrolithotomy for stones in solitary kidneys.

PubMed

El-Nahas, Ahmed R; Taha, Diaa-Eldin; Ali, Hussien M; Elshal, Ahmed M; Zahran, Mohamed H; El-Tabey, Nasr A; El-Assmy, Ahmed M; Harraz, Ahmed M; Moawad, Hazem E; Othman, Mahmoud M

2017-04-01

The aim of this study was to report the incidence, severity, outcome and risk factors of acute kidney injury (AKI) following percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) in solitary kidneys. The study included consecutive adult patients who underwent PNL for treatment of calculi in a solitary kidney between May 2012 and July 2015. Patients with congenital renal anomalies or with stages 4 and 5 chronic kidney disease (CKD) were excluded. Serum creatinine levels were measured the day before PNL, daily after PNL for 2-5 days and after 3 months. AKI was depicted according to changes in early postoperative serum creatinine levels and its severity was determined based on the Acute Kidney Injury Network (AKIN) classification. The outcome of AKI was evaluated after 3 months by changes in the stage of CKD. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses were conducted to determine risk factors for developing AKI. The study included 100 patients (62 males) with a mean ± SD age of 50 ± 11.7 years. Complications were reported for 27 patients. AKI developed in 25 patients; at the 3 month follow-up, 23 of them (92%) had completely recovered from AKI and two (8%) had developed stage 4 CKD. Independent risk factors for developing AKI were multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction (relative risks were 14 and 22, respectively). The incidence of AKI was 25% after PNL for a solitary kidney. The likelihood of renal function recovery was 92%. Multiple PNL tracts and postoperative ureteric obstruction were risk factors for developing AKI.

Elliptical optical solitary waves in a finite nematic liquid crystal cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Minzoni, Antonmaria A.; Sciberras, Luke W.; Smyth, Noel F.; Worthy, Annette L.

2015-05-01

The addition of orbital angular momentum has been previously shown to stabilise beams of elliptic cross-section. In this article the evolution of such elliptical beams is explored through the use of an approximate methodology based on modulation theory. An approximate method is used as the equations that govern the optical system have no known exact solitary wave solution. This study brings to light two distinct phases in the evolution of a beam carrying orbital angular momentum. The two phases are determined by the shedding of radiation in the form of mass loss and angular momentum loss. The first phase is dominated by the shedding of angular momentum loss through spiral waves. The second phase is dominated by diffractive radiation loss which drives the elliptical solitary wave to a steady state. In addition to modulation theory, the "chirp" variational method is also used to study this evolution. Due to the significant role radiation loss plays in the evolution of an elliptical solitary wave, an attempt is made to couple radiation loss to the chirp variational method. This attempt furthers understanding as to why radiation loss cannot be coupled to the chirp method. The basic reason for this is that there is no consistent manner to match the chirp trial function to the generated radiating waves which is uniformly valid in time. Finally, full numerical solutions of the governing equations are compared with solutions obtained using the various variational approximations, with the best agreement achieved with modulation theory due to its ability to include both mass and angular momentum losses to shed diffractive radiation.

On the generation and evolution of internal solitary waves in the southern Red Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Daquan; Zhan, Peng; Kartadikaria, Aditya; Akylas, Triantaphyllos; Hoteit, Ibrahim

2015-04-01

Satellite observations recently revealed the existence of trains of internal solitary waves in the southern Red Sea between 16.0°N and 16.5°N, propagating from the centre of the domain toward the continental shelf [Da silva et al., 2012]. Given the relatively weak tidal velocity in this area and their generation in the central of the domain, Da Silva suggested three possible mechanisms behind the generation of the waves, namely Resonance and disintegration of interfacial tides, Generation of interfacial tides by impinging, remotely generated internal tidal beams and for geometrically focused and amplified internal tidal beams. Tide analysis based on tide stations data and barotropic tide model in the Red Sea shows that tide is indeed very weak in the centre part of the Red Sea, but it is relatively strong in the northern and southern parts (reaching up to 66 cm/s). Together with extreme steep slopes along the deep trench, it provides favourable conditions for the generation of internal solitary in the southern Red Sea. To investigate the generation mechanisms and study the evolution of the internal waves in the off-shelf region of the southern Red Sea we have implemented a 2-D, high-resolution and non-hydrostatic configuration of the MIT general circulation model (MITgcm). Our simulations reproduce well that the generation process of the internal solitary waves. Analysis of the model's output suggests that the interaction between the topography and tidal flow with the nonlinear effect is the main mechanism behind the generation of the internal solitary waves. Sensitivity experiments suggest that neither tidal beam nor the resonance effect of the topography is important factor in this process.

Decreased fibrous encapsulation and enhanced osseointegration in vitro by decorin-modified titanium surface.

PubMed

He, Ronghan; Lu, Yunxiang; Ren, Jianhua; Wang, Zhe; Huang, Junqi; Zhu, Lei; Wang, Kun

2017-07-01

Orthopedic implants, using materials such as titanium, are extensively used in clinical surgeries. Despite its popularity, titanium is still inadequate to reliable osseointegration due to aseptic loosing. Fibrous encapsulation on the titanium implant interface prevents osseointegration and leads to the loosing of orthopedic implant. In this study, decorin was loaded on titanium surface by polydopamine film to examine fibrous encapsulation inhibition and bone growth acceleration. The coating of decorin was evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and fluorescence microscopy. Quantitative analysis showed increased decorin coating on titanium surface when decorin in the loading solution increases. To test the effect of decorin modification, fibroblast and osteoblast cultures were utilized in vitro. The results showed that the functions of fibroblasts (proliferation, migration and collagen synthesis) were significantly attenuated on the decorin-modified surfaces and this anti-fibrous effect could be due to fibrotic gene suppression by decorin. In contrast, osteoblastic activities, such as calcium deposition and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, were enhanced by the modified decorin. These results suggest that decorin coating on titanium surface inhibited proliferation and function of fibroblasts and improved that of osteoblasts. Therefore, this study is potentially useful for enhancing orthopedic implant. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Aneurysmal and haemangiopericytoma-like fibrous histiocytoma.

PubMed Central

Zelger, B W; Zelger, B G; Steiner, H; Ofner, D

1996-01-01

AIM: To describe the clinicopathological features of 33 aneurysmal fibrous histiocytomas (AFH), including five cases with a haemangiopericytoma-like pattern. METHODS: Thirty three cases of AFH were studied by using routine histology and immunohistochemistry for factor XIIIa, the "cell activity marker" E9 (anti-metallothionein), NK1C3 (CD57), smooth muscle actin (SMA), factor VIII, ulex europaeus agglutinin, JC70A (CD31), and QBEND10 (CD34). The time dependent variation in histopathological features was evaluated by statistical methods (Pearson chi 2, likelihood ratio chi 2). RESULTS: Of the AFHs, 29 of 33 occurred on the extremities of adults (age range 30 to 50 years), six of which were associated with rapid growth, probably caused by trauma, and pain. Twenty one lesions were thought to be vascular and/or melanocytic lesions, including two melanomas, because of a bluish-black and/or cystic appearance. Histologically, large areas of haemorrhage, up to 50% of the tumour bulk, lacking an endothelial lining were seen in otherwise typical fibrous histiocytomas. Five cases resembled nodular stages of Kaposi's sarcoma. Variable haemosiderin deposition in histiocytes (18/33) and giant cells (11/33) was suggestive of haemosiderotic histiocytoma. A haemangiopericytoma-like pattern was seen in five otherwise indistinguishable cases. On immunohistochemistry, variable reactivity was seen for factor XIIIa (18/30), with E9 (18/30), NK1C3 (19/30), and for SMA (14/30), but labelling for vascular markers was not detected. Early lesions without iron deposition were factor XIIIa positive; late lesions with iron deposition were factor XIIIa negative. Labelling for SMA correlated with prominent sclerosis. CONCLUSION: AFHs, including a haemangiopericytoma-like variant, have a characteristic time dependent histological and immunophenotypic profile, clearly different from nodular type Kaposi's sarcoma. Images PMID:8655708

[The effect of tachykinins microinjections into the solitary tract nucleus on respiration and blood circulation in rats].

PubMed

Chepurnov, S A; Iniushkin, A N

1997-04-01

Administration of substance P and kassinin into the solitary tract nucleus of anesthetized rats induced a dose-dependent increase in ventilation, tidal volume, inspiratory muscle activity, and a decrease in the mean blood pressure and heart rate. Microinjections of peptides caused a decrease in ventilatory response to hypoxia and an inhibition of the Breuer-Hering reflex. The data obtained suggest involvement of tachykinins in the respiratory and circulatory control via the solitary tract nucleus.

Characterization and in vitro evaluation of electrospun chitosan/polycaprolactone blend fibrous mat for skin tissue engineering.

PubMed

Prasad, Tilak; Shabeena, E A; Vinod, D; Kumary, T V; Anil Kumar, P R

2015-01-01

The electrospinning technique allows engineering biomimetic scaffolds within micro to nanoscale range mimicking natural extracellular matrix (ECM). Chitosan (CS) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were dissolved in a modified solvent mixture consisting of formic acid and acetone (3:7) and mixed in different weight ratios to get chitosan-polycaprolactone [CS-PCL] blend solutions. The CS-PCL blend polymer was electrospun in the same solvent system and compared with PCL. The physicochemical characterization of the electrospun fibrous mats was done using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), tensile test, swelling properties, water contact angle (WCA) analysis, surface profilometry and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA). The CS-PCL fibrous mat showed decreased hydrophobicity. The CS-PCL mats also showed improved swelling property, tensile strength, thermal stability and surface roughness. The cytocompatibility of the CS-PCL and PCL fibrous mats were examined using mouse fibroblast (L-929) cell line by direct contact and cellular activity with extract of materials confirmed non-cytotoxic nature. The potential of CS-PCL and PCL fibrous mats as skin tissue engineering scaffolds were assessed by cell adhesion, viability, proliferation and actin distribution using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and L-929 cell lines. Results indicate that CS-PCL is a better scaffold for attachment and proliferation of keratinocytes and is a potential material for skin tissue engineering.

Spatiotemporal Receptive Field Properties of a Looming-Sensitive Neuron in Solitarious and Gregarious Phases of the Desert Locust

PubMed Central

Harston, George W. J.; Kilburn-Toppin, Fleur; Matheson, Thomas; Burrows, Malcolm; Gabbiani, Fabrizio; Krapp, Holger G.

2010-01-01

Desert locusts (Schistocerca gregaria) can transform reversibly between the swarming gregarious phase and a solitarious phase, which avoids other locusts. This transformation entails dramatic changes in morphology, physiology, and behavior. We have used the lobula giant movement detector (LGMD) and its postsynaptic target, the descending contralateral movement detector (DCMD), which are visual interneurons that detect looming objects, to analyze how differences in the visual ecology of the two phases are served by altered neuronal function. Solitarious locusts had larger eyes and a greater degree of binocular overlap than those of gregarious locusts. The receptive field to looming stimuli had a large central region of nearly equal response spanning 120° × 60° in both phases. The DCMDs of gregarious locusts responded more strongly than solitarious locusts and had a small caudolateral focus of even further sensitivity. More peripherally, the response was reduced in both phases, particularly ventrally, with gregarious locusts showing greater proportional decrease. Gregarious locusts showed less habituation to repeated looming stimuli along the eye equator than did solitarious locusts. By contrast, in other parts of the receptive field the degree of habituation was similar in both phases. The receptive field organization to looming stimuli contrasts strongly with the receptive field organization of the same neurons to nonlooming local-motion stimuli, which show much more pronounced regional variation. The DCMDs of both gregarious and solitarious locusts are able to detect approaching objects from across a wide expanse of visual space, but phase-specific changes in the spatiotemporal receptive field are linked to lifestyle changes. PMID:19955292

Immunohistochemical expression of myofibroblasts, TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in oral fibrous lesions.

PubMed

Santos, Pedro Paulo de Andrade; Barroso, Keila Martha Amorim; Nonaka, Cassiano Francisco Weege; Pereira Pinto, Leão; Souza, Lélia Batista de

2018-05-29

Analyze the presence of myofibroblasts (MFBs) in oral fibrous lesions and investigate TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expression by immunohistochemistry during their differentiation. Twenty giant cell fibromas (GCFs), 20 fibromas (FIBs), and 20 fibrous hyperplasias (FHs) were selected. To evaluate the presence of MFBs, anti-α-SMA-immunoreactive cells were quantified in connective tissue. TGF-β1 and IFN-γ expressions were evaluated in epithelial and connective tissue by determining the percentage of immunoreactive cells. Higher MFBs concentrations were observed in GCFs (median of 20.00), followed by FHs (15.00) and FIBs (14.00) (P = 0.072). No significant correlation between TGF-β1 or IFN-γ immunoexpression and the number of MFBs in oral fibrous lesions was observed (P > 0.05). The higher density of MFBs found in GCFs, followed by FHs and FIBs, reaffirms the fibrogenic role of these cells, while the higher concentrations detected in GCFs, including evidence of giant MFBs, also suggest a role in the neoplastic behavior of these lesions. No correlation was observed between TGF-β1 and IFN-γ in the myofibroblastic transdifferentiation process of the analyzed lesions. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Solitary waves in shallow water hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics in rotating spherical coordinates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

London, Steven D.

2018-01-01

In a recent paper (London, Geophys. Astrophys. Fluid Dyn. 2017, vol. 111, pp. 115-130, referred to as L1), we considered a perfect electrically conducting rotating fluid in the presence of an ambient toroidal magnetic field, governed by the shallow water magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) equations in a modified equatorial ?-plane approximation. In conjunction with a WKB type approximation, we used a multiple scale asymptotic scheme, previously developed by Boyd (J. Phys. Oceanogr. 1980, vol. 10, pp. 1699-1717) for equatorial solitary hydrodynamic waves, and found solitary MHD waves. In this paper, as in L1, we apply a WKB type approximation in order to extend the results of L1 from the modified ?-plane to the full spherical geometry. We have included differential rotation in the analysis in order to make the results more relevant to the solar case. In addition, we consider the case of hydrodynamic waves on the rotating sphere in the presence of a differential rotation intended to roughly model the varying large scale currents in the oceans and atmosphere. In the hydrodynamic case, we find the usual equatorial solitary waves as found by Boyd, as well as waves in bands away from the equator for sufficiently strong currents. In the MHD case, we find basically the same equatorial waves found in L1. L1 also found non-equatorial modes; no such modes are found in the full spherical geometry.

[Functional childhood gastrointestinal disorders. II. Constipation and solitary encopresis: physiology and pathophysiology].

PubMed

van Ginkel, R; Büller, H A; Heymans, H S; Taminiau, J A; Boeckxstaens, G E; Benninga, M A

2003-06-28

The childhood prevalences of constipation and encopresis are 0.3-8% and 1-3% respectively. Following a recent stricter definition and classification, constipation and solitary encopresis are now recognised to be two separate entities. Constipation is characterised by infrequent defecation, often in combination with involuntary loss of faeces. Solitary encopresis most often occurs once a day after school hours. When there is no defecation, the frequency of encopresis increases, the abdominal pain becomes more severe and the appetite becomes less, until a large quantity of faeces is produced (often once per week). The physiology of the defecation and continence mechanism is complex and has only been unravelled in part. The multiple physiological mechanisms involved have a complementary and compensatory effect on each other. This makes it difficult to determine the underlying pathophysiological mechanisms of these functional disorders.

[Optimization of dissolution process for superfine grinding technology on total saponins of Panax ginseng fibrous root by response surface methodology].

PubMed

Zhao, Ya; Lai, Xiao-Pin; Yao, Hai-Yan; Zhao, Ran; Wu, Yi-Na; Li, Geng

2014-03-01

To investigate the effects of superfine comminution extraction technology of ginseng total saponins from Panax ginseng fibrous root, and to make sure the optimal extraction condition. Optimal condition of ginseng total saponins from Panax ginseng fibrous root was based on single factor experiment to study the effects of crushing degree, extraction time, alcohol concentration and extraction temperature on extraction rate. Response surface method was used to investigate three main factors such as superfine comminution time, extraction time and alcohol concentration. The relationship between content of ginseng total saponins in Panax ginseng fibrous root and three factors fitted second degree polynomial models. The optimal extraction condition was 9 min of superfine comminution time, 70% of alcohol, 50 degrees C of extraction temperature and 70 min of extraction time. Under the optimal condition, ginseng total saponins from Panax ginseng fibrous root was average 94. 81%, which was consistent with the predicted value. The optimization of technology is rapid, efficient, simple and stable.

Alternative routes to the leader male role in a multi-level society: follower vs. solitary male strategies and outcomes in hamadryas baboons.

PubMed

Pines, Mathew; Saunders, Julian; Swedell, Larissa

2011-07-01

The nested one-male units (OMUs) of the hamadryas baboon are part of a complex social system in which "leader" males achieve near exclusive mating access by forcibly herding females into permanent consortships. Within this multi-level social system (troops, bands, clans and OMUs) are two types of prereproductive males--the follower and solitary male--whose different trajectories converge on the leader role. Here we compare OMU formation strategies of followers, who associate with a particular OMU and may have social access to females, with those of solitary males, who move freely within the band and do not associate regularly with OMUs. Data were derived from 42 OMU formations (16 by followers and 26 by solitary males) occurring over 8 years in a hamadryas baboon band at the Filoha site in Ethiopia. "Initial units" (IUs) with sexually immature females (IU strategy) were formed by 44% of followers and 46% of solitary males. The remaining followers took over mature females when their leader was deposed (challenge strategy) or disappeared (opportunistic strategy), or via a seemingly peaceful transfer (inheritance strategy). Solitary males took over mature females from other clans and bands, but mainly from old, injured or vanished leaders within their clan (via both the challenge and opportunistic strategies). Former followers of an OMU were more successful at taking over females from those OMUs than any other category of male. Despite this advantage enjoyed by ex-follower leaders, ex-solitary leaders were equally capable of increasing their OMU size at a comparable rate in their first 2 years as a leader. These results demonstrate the potential for males to employ both multiple roles (follower vs. solitary male) and multiple routes (IU, inheritance, challenge, opportunistic) to acquire females and become a leader male in a mating system characterized by female defense polygyny in a competitive arena. © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Resource effects on solitary bee reproduction in a managed crop pollination system

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The number of solitary bees (Megachile rotundata) released for pollination in a managed system (Medicago sativa seed production) and the number of flowers available for brood provisioning may affect reproduction through maternal resource allocation and investment. Overwhelming, limited, or adequate...

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck: a case series.

PubMed

Hardison, Scott Allen; Davis, Paul Lawson; Browne, J Dale

2013-01-01

The study objective is to evaluate the clinical features and outcomes of patients treated for head and neck malignant fibrous histiocytoma at a tertiary care medical facility. This is a retrospective case series of 17 adult subjects with malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck who were treated between January 1, 1965, and December 31, 2010. This study was conducted using patient charts at a tertiary medical center. Subject selection was conducted using Current Procedural Terminology numbers; International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, codes; and a search of the tumor registry. Chart review of the 17 identified subjects revealed an overwhelming male predominance (88%) with an overall mean age of 69 years(52-87 years). Thirteen patients (78%) underwent some form of surgical resection, 6 patients (35%) received radiation therapy, and 6 (35%) were given chemotherapy over the course of treatment. Nine tumors (53%) had a cutaneous origin, whereas 8 lesions (47.1%) were found in the soft tissue of the head and neck region. The local recurrence rate following a single resection was 46%. Overall median survival following diagnosis was found to be 65 months, with a 5-year survival rate of 52%. Median disease-free survival was 20 months, with a 5-year disease-free survival rate of 37%. Overall median and 5-year survival rates were found to increase with clear surgical margins, as was 5-year survival. Aggressive surgical management to achieve clear margins is central to the effective treatment of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the head and neck. Metastatic disease portends a dismal prognosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Thermal ecology of gregarious and solitary nettle-feeding nymphalid butterfly larvae.

PubMed

Bryant, S R; Thomas, C D; Bale, J S

2000-01-01

Group-living in animal populations has many possible ecological and evolutionary explanations, including predator evasion and feeding facilitation. In insects, the thermal balance of solitary and gregarious larvae is likely to differ and may thus have important ecological consequences. The abilities of the larvae of four species of nettle-feeding nymphalid butterflies to thermoregulate were quantified in the field. Larval surface body temperatures of the gregarious Aglais urticae (small tortoiseshell) and Inachis io (peacock) and the solitary Polygonia c-album (comma) and Vanessa atalanta (red admiral) were measured for each instar, in both sunny and overcast conditions, over a seasonal range of temperatures. The results suggested two distinct larval thermal strategies. In the presence of direct sunlight, the exposed gregarious larvae of A. urticae and I. io regulated body temperatures at 32.5 and 31.5°C, respectively, while the temperatures of concealed larvae of P. c-album and V. atalanta were largely dependent on ambient temperatures. In the sun, the range of body temperatures recorded for A. urticae and I. io larvae was fairly narrow relative to ambient temperatures. This suggests a high degree of thermal control in these species. Modal body temperatures coincided with the temperature at which development rate is maximal. Regardless of whether changes in thermoregulation are a cause or consequence of the evolution of gregariousness, the combination of behavioural thermoregulation and gregariousness in larval insects has important implications for voltinism patterns and range extension (via increased development rates). Distributional responses of gregarious and solitary larvae to climatic warming may differ as a result of changes in cloud cover as well as changes in temperature.

Study of nonlinear electron-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a dissipative, nonplanar space plasma with superthermal hot electrons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, Jiu-Ning, E-mail: hanjiuning@126.com; He, Yong-Lin; Luo, Jun-Hua

2014-01-15

With the consideration of the superthermal electron distribution, we present a theoretical investigation about the nonlinear propagation of electron-acoustic solitary and shock waves in a dissipative, nonplanar non-Maxwellian plasma comprised of cold electrons, superthermal hot electrons, and stationary ions. The reductive perturbation technique is used to obtain a modified Korteweg-de Vries Burgers equation for nonlinear waves in this plasma. We discuss the effects of various plasma parameters on the time evolution of nonplanar solitary waves, the profile of shock waves, and the nonlinear structure induced by the collision between planar solitary waves. It is found that these parameters have significantmore » effects on the properties of nonlinear waves and collision-induced nonlinear structure.« less

Intrathyroid metastasis presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule: an unusual case of clinically silent lung cancer.

PubMed

Sharma, U K; Rauniyar, R K; Adhikary, S; Sinha, A

2008-01-01

Metastases in the thyroid gland are very rare. Carcinoma lung is one of the tumours, which may metastasize to the thyroid. We report a 60-year-old lady with intrathyroid metastasis presenting as a solitary thyroid nodule. Fine needle aspiration cytology from the nodule showed features of metastatic adenocarcinoma. Further detail evaluation revealed primary lung adenocarcinoma with secondaries to adrenals, retroperitoneal and bilateral axillary nodes. This report emphasizes this unusual clinical presentation of carcinoma lung with wide spread secondaries; and a solitary thyroid nodule can be a presenting complain of a metastatic disease.

Case Report: First Reported Combined Heart-Liver Transplant in a Patient With a Congenital Solitary Kidney.

PubMed

Hanna, R M; Kamgar, M; Hasnain, H; Khorsan, R; Nsair, A; Kaldas, F; Baas, A; Bunnapradist, S; Wilson, J M

2018-04-01

We report a case of successful combined heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney. The patient had normal renal function before combined heart-liver transplantation and developed acute kidney injury requiring slow continuous dialysis and subsequent intermittent dialysis for almost 8 weeks post transplantation. Her renal function recovered and she remains off dialysis now 7 months post transplantation. She only currently has mild chronic renal insufficiency. We believe this is the first reported case of successful heart liver transplant in a patient with a congenital solitary kidney. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Solitary Intraspinal Juvenile Xanthogranuloma in an Infant

PubMed Central

Shenoy, Asha; Singhal, Shruti Shribhagwan; Shinde, Sweety

2018-01-01

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a benign, non-Langerhans cell histiocytic proliferative disorder. We report a case of solitary JXG in an infant presenting as an intraspinal mass. Awareness of this mode of presentation is very important as subsequent prognosis differs from other tumors at the same location. JXG is a self-limiting dermatologic disorder usually occurring in first two decades of life. On rare occasion, it has been reported at extra-cutaneous sites such as central nervous system (CNS), eyes, liver, spleen, lungs and kidneys, and in other age groups. Isolated CNS involvement is extremely rare, especially in the spinal cord. PMID:29492155

Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood

PubMed Central

Creswell, Kasey G.; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B.; Martin, Christopher S.

2015-01-01

Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12–18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems. PMID:25977842

Solitary Alcohol Use in Teens Is Associated With Drinking in Response to Negative Affect and Predicts Alcohol Problems in Young Adulthood.

PubMed

Creswell, Kasey G; Chung, Tammy; Clark, Duncan B; Martin, Christopher S

2014-09-01

Adolescent solitary drinking may represent an informative divergence from normative behavior, with important implications for understanding risk for alcohol-use disorders later in life. Within a self-medication framework, we hypothesized that solitary alcohol use would be associated with drinking in response to negative affect and that such a pattern of drinking would predict alcohol problems in young adulthood. We tested these predictions in a longitudinal study in which we examined whether solitary drinking in adolescence (ages 12-18) predicted alcohol-use disorders in young adulthood (age 25) in 466 alcohol-using teens recruited from clinical programs and 243 alcohol-using teens recruited from the community. Findings showed that solitary drinking was associated with drinking in response to negative affect during adolescence and predicted alcohol problems in young adulthood. Results indicate that drinking alone is an important type of alcohol-use behavior that increases risk for the escalation of alcohol use and the development of alcohol problems.

Predicting EMP hazard: Lessons from studies with inhaled fibrous and non-fibrous nano- and micro-particles.

PubMed

Oberdörster, Günter; Graham, Uschi

2018-05-08

Inhalation exposure to elongated cleavage fragments occurring at mineral and rock mining and crushing operations raises important questions regarding potential health effects given their resemblance to fibers with known adverse health effects like amphibole asbestos. Thus, a major goal for establishing a toxicity profile for elongate mineral particles (EMPs) is to identify and characterize a suspected hazard and characterize a risk by examining together results of hazard and exposure assessment. This will require not only knowledge about biokinetics of inhaled EMPs but also about underlying mechanisms of effects induced by retained EMPs. In vitro toxicity assays with predictive power for in vivo effects have been established as useful screening tools for toxicological characterization of particulate materials including EMPs. Important determinants of physiological/toxicological mechanisms are physico-chemical and functional properties of inhaled particulate materials. Of the physico-chemical (intrinsic) properties, size, shape and surface characteristics are well known to affect toxicological responses; functional properties include (i) solubility/dissolution rate in physiological fluid simulants in vitro and following inhalation in vivo; (ii) ROS-inducing capacity in vitro and in vivo determined as specific particle surface reactivity; (iii) bioprocessing in vivo. A key parameter for all is the dose and duration of exposure, requiring to establish exposure-dose-response relationships. Examples of studies with fibrous and non-fibrous particles are discussed to illustrate the relevancy of evaluating extrinsic and intrinsic particle properties for predicting in vivo responses of new particulate materials. This will allow hazard and risk ranking/grouping based on a comparison to toxicologically well-characterized positive and negative benchmarks. Future efforts should be directed at developing and validating new approaches using in vitro (non-animal) studies for

Recurrent clot anuria following laparoscopic pyeloplasty in a solitary functioning kidney: managing with double guide wire technique

PubMed Central

Kumar, Santosh; Singh, Shivanshu; Parmar, Kalpesh Mahesh; Garg, Nitin

2014-01-01

Clot anuria in a solitary functioning kidney is an emergency situation. Haematuria with clot anuria in an early postoperative period represents a challenge, as treatment options are limited. Manipulation of the anastomotic site may lead to anastomotic disruption and urinoma while use of thrombolytic therapy poses the danger of increasing haematuria. We report a case of anuria due to clot retention in the upper tract following laparoscopic dismembered pyeloplasty in a solitary functioning kidney, managed successfully with double guide wire technique. PMID:25540210

Method of manufacturing fibrous hemostatic bandages

DOEpatents

Larsen, Gustavo; Spretz, Ruben; Velarde-Ortiz, Raffet

2012-09-04

A method of manufacturing a sturdy and pliable fibrous hemostatic dressing by making fibers that maximally expose surface area per unit weight of active ingredients as a means for aiding in the clot forming process and as a means of minimizing waste of active ingredients. The method uses a rotating object to spin off a liquid biocompatible fiber precursor, which is added at its center. Fibers formed then deposit on a collector located at a distance from the rotating object creating a fiber layer on the collector. An electrical potential difference is maintained between the rotating disk and the collector. Then, a liquid procoagulation species is introduced at the center of the rotating disk such that it spins off the rotating disk and coats the fibers.

Electrospun ultra-fine cellulose acetate fibrous mats containing tannic acid-Fe+++ complexes

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cellulose acetate (CA) fibrous mats with improved mechanical and antioxidant properties were produced by a simple, scalable and cost-effective electrospinning method. Fibers loaded with small amounts of TA-Fe+++ complexes showed an increase in tensile strength of approximately 117% when compared to ...

Current evidence on the use of anti-RAAS agents in congenital or acquired solitary kidney.

PubMed

Simeoni, Mariadelina; Armeni, Annarita; Summaria, Chiara; Cerantonio, Annamaria; Fuiano, Giorgio

2017-11-01

The inhibition of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major strategy for slowing the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). The utility of anti-RAAS agents in patients with congenital or acquired solitary kidney is still controversial. A systematic literature review was conducted. The conclusions of the few available studies on the topic are homogeneously in agreement with a long-term reno-protective activity of anti-RAAS drugs in patients with solitary kidney, especially if patients are hypertensive or proteinuric. However, angiotensin 2 (ANG2) levels permit a functional adaptation to a reduced renal mass in adults and is crucial for sustaining complete kidney development and maturation in children. A hormonal interference on ANG2 levels has been supposed in women. Consequently, at least in children and women, the use of ARBs appears more appropriate. Principle conclusions: Available data on this topic are limited; however, by their overall assessment, it would appear that anti-RAAS drugs might also be reno-protective in patients with solitary kidney. The use of ARBs, especially in children and in women, seems to be more appropriate. However, more experimental data would be strictly necessary to confirm this hypothesis.

Arbitrary amplitude dust kinetic Alfvén solitary waves in the presence of polarization force

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Manpreet; Kaur, Nimardeep; Saini, N. S.

2018-02-01

In this investigation, the effect of polarization force on dust kinetic Alfvén solitary waves (DKASWs) in a magnetized dusty plasma consisting of dust fluid, electrons, and positively charged ions is studied. By incorporating density non-uniformity and polarization force in the fluid model equations, the energy balance equation is derived, and from the expression for Sagdeev pseudopotential, the existence conditions for solitary structures in terms of Mach number are determined. From the numerical analysis of Sagdeev pseudopotential, compressive and rarefactive DKASWs at sub- and super-Alfvénic speeds are observed. These waves are significantly affected by varying polarization force, angle of propagation, plasma beta, and Mach number.

Retrospective Analysis of NIST Standard Reference Material 1450, Fibrous Glass Board, for Thermal Insulation Measurements.

PubMed

Zarr, Robert R; Heckert, N Alan; Leigh, Stefan D

2014-01-01

Thermal conductivity data acquired previously for the establishment of Standard Reference Material (SRM) 1450, Fibrous Glass Board, as well as subsequent renewals 1450a, 1450b, 1450c, and 1450d, are re-analyzed collectively and as individual data sets. Additional data sets for proto-1450 material lots are also included in the analysis. The data cover 36 years of activity by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) in developing and providing thermal insulation SRMs, specifically high-density molded fibrous-glass board, to the public. Collectively, the data sets cover two nominal thicknesses of 13 mm and 25 mm, bulk densities from 60 kg·m(-3) to 180 kg·m(-3), and mean temperatures from 100 K to 340 K. The analysis repetitively fits six models to the individual data sets. The most general form of the nested set of multilinear models used is given in the following equation: [Formula: see text]where λ(ρ,T) is the predicted thermal conductivity (W·m(-1)·K(-1)), ρ is the bulk density (kg·m(-3)), T is the mean temperature (K) and ai (for i = 1, 2, … 6) are the regression coefficients. The least squares fit results for each model across all data sets are analyzed using both graphical and analytic techniques. The prevailing generic model for the majority of data sets is the bilinear model in ρ and T. [Formula: see text] One data set supports the inclusion of a cubic temperature term and two data sets with low-temperature data support the inclusion of an exponential term in T to improve the model predictions. Physical interpretations of the model function terms are described. Recommendations for future renewals of SRM 1450 are provided. An Addendum provides historical background on the origin of this SRM and the influence of the SRM on external measurement programs.

Mathematical Simulation of Drying Process of Fibrous Material

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blejchař, Tomáš; Raška, Jiří; Jablonská, Jana

2018-06-01

The article describes mathematical simulation of flowing air through porous zone and water vaporisation from mentioned porous area which actually represents dried fibrous material - cotton towel. Simulation is based on finite volume method. Wet towel is placed in pipe and hot air flow through the towel. Water from towel is evaporated. Simulation of airflow through porous element is described first. Eulerian multiphase model is then used for simulation of water vaporisation from porous medium. Results of simulation are compared with experiment. Ansys Fluent 13.0 was used for calculation.

An assessment of mast cells and myofibroblasts in denture-induced fibrous hyperplasia.

PubMed

Kiuchi, Misa; Yamamura, Takashi; Okudera, Michisato; Souksavanh, Vongsa; Ishigami, Tomohiko; Iwase, Takashi; Warnakulasuriya, Saman; Komiyama, Kazuo

2014-01-01

The pathogenesis of denture-induced fibrous hyperplasias has not been examined in detail to explain how tissue injury results in fibrous hyperplasia of the oral mucosa. We examined the presence of mast cells and myofibroblasts in 33 denture-induced fibrous hyperplasias (DIFH) compared with 10 healthy gingival tissues. The parameters examined included mast cell numbers, tissue distribution, degranulation, and cell subtypes using immunohistochemistry. The presence of myofibroblasts and their likely origin was also examined by double immunofluorescense staining. Furthermore, we investigated the synthesis of osteopontin and TGF-β, considered to be involved in the transformation of a fibroblast to a myofibroblast. The results demonstrated that the mast cell numbers are significantly increased in the DIFH compared with non-disease controls. The mast cell localization in lesions was higher in the superficial areas with inflammatory cell infiltration compared with the deep fibrotic area (P < 0.01). The number of tryptase-positive mast cells was significantly higher compared with chymase-positive ones. The TGF-β- or osteopontin-positive cell infiltration into the lesion was found in high numbers. The presence of myofibroblasts was identified in 14 of 33 cases (42%), and some of these cells showed apoptosis when assessed by the TUNEL assay. On the survey of the origin of myofibroblasts, results showed αSMA and vimentin positivity indicating these transformed from fibroblasts. These results are the first to show that mast cells and myofibroblasts can be detected in DIFH, indicating important roles of these cells in the pathogenesis of this lesion. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

McCune Albright syndrome - association of fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin spots and hyperthyroidism – case report

PubMed Central

RAUS, IULIAN; COROIU, ROXANA ELENA

2016-01-01

McCune–Albright syndrome is a rare sporadic disease characterized by bone fibrous dysplasia, café-au-lait skin spots and a variable association of hyperfunctional endocrine disorders. Fibrous dysplasia (FD), which can involve the craniofacial, axial, and appendicular skeleton, may range from an isolated, asymptomatic monostotic lesion to a severe disabling polyostotic disease involving the entire skeleton. A twenty-five-year old male patient presented to our clinic with recently developed heart palpitations. He had also been feeling pain in the right femur since he was younger, without any trauma history, leading to difficulties of ambulation and limping occasionally. His physical examination revealed café-au-lait spots with irregular borders and right testicular agenesis. Laboratory findings identified hyperthyroidism with hyperparathyroidism. Radiographs of the pelvis revealed multiple lytic lesions of the right femur and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) characterized these lesions as specific to fibrous dysplasia of the bone, without any insufficiency fracture at this level. The association of café-au-lait skin spots with bone fibrous dysplasia, and hyperthyroidism in this patient suggested the diagnosis of McCune – Albright syndrome. PMID:27857528

Giant malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the testis/spermatic cord: psychologic and possible etiologic complications of unethical Nazi medical experimentation.

PubMed

Staiman, V R; O'Toole, K M; Rubin, M A; Lowe, F C

1996-12-01

This case of malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the testis/spermatic cord was found in a Holocaust survivor who was injected with an unknown substance in the left testicle while in Auschwitz concentration camp in 1943. Because malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a neoplasm rarely found in this location, with only 26 previously reported cases, a review of this entity was performed. A review of Nazi medical practices in the literature and through the Holocaust Museum research department was undertaken in an attempt to ascertain identification of the unknown substance injected into this patient; however, exact identification of the Auschwitz experiment or experimenter could not be determined. A left radical orchiectomy was performed, and subsequent histolopathologic review revealed a well-encapsulated 27 x 22 x 17-cm malignant fibrous histiocytoma. The left testis was not clearly identified due to necrosis of the tumor. This is the largest malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the spermatic cord/testis recorded in the literature to date. Based on the unusual location and size, the intratesticular injection probably contributed to the tumor development and certainly caused the patient's delay in seeking medical treatment.

Solitary Splenic Metastasis After Surgically-treated Cervical Cancer - A Case Report and Literature Review.

PubMed

Bacalbasa, Nicolae; Balescu, Irina; Marcu, Madalina; Oprescu, Dana Nuti; Anca, Alexandru Florin

2017-05-01

Solitary metastases after surgically-treated cervical cancer are a rare entity, with only few cases described so far. We present the case of a 31-year-old patient diagnosed with a tumoral splenic lesion at 18 months after surgically-treated cervical cancer. The patient was submitted to surgery, with a splenectomy being performed. The histopathological studies confirmed the presence of a squamous cell cervical cancer splenic metastasis. At one year follow-up after splenectomy, the patient is free of any recurrent disease. Solitary splenic metastases after surgically-treated cervical cancer are rarely seen; however, this diagnostic should not be omitted whenever a medical history of cervical cancer is present. Copyright© 2017, International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. George J. Delinasios), All rights reserved.

Giant Solitary Synovial Osteochondroma of the Subtalar Joint.

PubMed

Lui, Tun Hing

2016-01-01

A rapidly progressing calcified mass was found in the left sinus tarsi in a 12-year-old female after a trivial ankle sprain. The lesion mimicked an aggressive lesion clinically and radiographically. Ultrasound-guided biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of a synovial chondroma. Excision of the tumor and partial synovectomy were performed. The histologic diagnosis was a solitary synovial osteochondroma. The condition had not recurred after a follow-up period of 12 months. Copyright © 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Genetic Relatedness of Low Solitary Nests of Apis dorsata from Marang, Terengganu, Malaysia

PubMed Central

Ali, Abdul Manaf; Tan, Soon Guan; Adam, Nur Azura; Lau, Wei Hong

2012-01-01

Knowledge on the population of genetic structure and ecological behaviour of Apis dorsata from Peninsular Malaysia is needed for effective management and conservation of this species since unsustainable whole solitary low nest cutting for product harvesting is the current common practice here. The analysis of 15 single locus DNA microsatellite markers on samples from 20 solitary nests of A. dorsata showed that while these markers were polymorphic, high intracolonial relatedness existed. Furthermore, in general, slightly negative values of intercolony relatedness (R) among the nests of A. dorsata were found. However, positive values of mean intercolony relatedness were observed between 54 pairs of nests out of 190 possible combinations. The R values among nest pairs 3–4 and 3–5 was higher than 0.50 showing that their queens were half siblings, whereas nest pair 19–20 showed relatedness of 0.95 indicating that the same queen was sampled. The results that we obtained could not conclusively support the hypothesis of this study that the honey hunters in Marang district of Malaysia repeatedly harvest the same nest located at a different site and at a different time during the same honey harvesting season. However, our finding of an appreciable level of intercolonial relatedness between several pairs of nests in this pioneer study indicated that a comprehensive study with a larger sample size of solitary nests found throughout the region would be necessary to provide concrete proof for this novel idea. PMID:22911733

Landscape effects on extremely fragmented populations of a rare solitary bee, Colletes floralis.

PubMed

Davis, Emily S; Murray, Tomás E; Fitzpatrick, Una; Brown, Mark J F; Paxton, Robert J

2010-11-01

Globally, there is concern over the decline of bees, an ecologically important group of pollinating insects. Genetic studies provide insights into population structure that are crucial for conservation management but that would be impossible to obtain by conventional ecological methods. Yet conservation genetic studies of bees have primarily focussed on social species rather than the more species-rich solitary bees. Here, we investigate the population structure of Colletes floralis, a rare and threatened solitary mining bee, in Ireland and Scotland using nine microsatellite loci. Genetic diversity was surprisingly as high in Scottish (Hebridean island) populations at the extreme northwestern edge of the species range as in mainland Irish populations further south. Extremely high genetic differentiation among populations was detected; multilocus F(ST) was up to 0.53, and and D(est) were even higher (maximum: 0.85 and 1.00, respectively). A pattern of isolation by distance was evident for sites separated by land. Water appears to act as a substantial barrier to gene flow yet sites separated by sea did not exhibit isolation by distance. C. floralis populations are extremely isolated and probably not in regional migration-drift equilibrium. GIS-based landscape genetic analysis reveals urban areas as a potential and substantial barrier to gene flow. Our results highlight the need for urgent site-specific management action to halt the decline of this and potentially other rare solitary bees. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

The role of radiation therapy in the treatment of solitary plasmacytomas.

PubMed

Mayr, N A; Wen, B C; Hussey, D H; Burns, C P; Staples, J J; Doornbos, J F; Vigliotti, A P

1990-04-01

Between 1960 and 1985, 30 patients with solitary plasmacytomas were treated with radiotherapy at the University of Iowa: 13 patients with extramedullary plasmacytomas (EMP) and 17 with solitary plasmacytomas of bone (SPB). The local control rates were 92% for patients with EMP and 88% for those with SPB. Two of nine patients (22%) with EMP treated to the primary tumor only developed regional lymph node metastasis, indicating the need for elective irradiation of this area. The most common pattern of failure in both groups was progression to multiple myeloma. This occurred in 23% of the patients with EMP and 53% of those with SPB. The time course of progression to multiple myeloma differed for the two groups. All of those who progressed to multiple myeloma in the EMP group did so within 2 years, whereas a significant number of those in the SPB group progressed more than 5 years after initial therapy. None of five patients who received adjuvant chemotherapy in the SPB group progressed to multiple myeloma, compared to 75% (9/12) of the patients who did not receive chemotherapy.

Reorientational versus Kerr dark and gray solitary waves using modulation theory.

PubMed

Assanto, Gaetano; Marchant, T R; Minzoni, Antonmaria A; Smyth, Noel F

2011-12-01

We develop a modulation theory model based on a Lagrangian formulation to investigate the evolution of dark and gray optical spatial solitary waves for both the defocusing nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation and the nematicon equations describing nonlinear beams, nematicons, in self-defocusing nematic liquid crystals. Since it has an exact soliton solution, the defocusing NLS equation is used as a test bed for the modulation theory applied to the nematicon equations, which have no exact solitary wave solution. We find that the evolution of dark and gray NLS solitons, as well as nematicons, is entirely driven by the emission of diffractive radiation, in contrast to the evolution of bright NLS solitons and bright nematicons. Moreover, the steady nematicon profile is nonmonotonic due to the long-range nonlocality associated with the perturbation of the optic axis. Excellent agreement is obtained with numerical solutions of both the defocusing NLS and nematicon equations. The comparisons for the nematicon solutions raise a number of subtle issues relating to the definition and measurement of the width of a dark or gray nematicon.

Numerical modelling of the formation of fibrous bedding-parallel veins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torremans, Koen; Muchez, Philippe; Sintubin, Manuel

2014-05-01

Bedding-parallel veins with a fibrous infill oriented orthogonal to the vein wall, are often observed in fine-grained metasedimentary sequences. Several mechanisms have been proposed for their formation, mostly with respect to effects of fluid overpressures and anisotropy of the host-rock fabric in order to explain the inferred extensional failure with sub-vertical opening. Abundant pre-folding, bedding-parallel fibrous dolomite veins are found associated with the Nkana-Mindola stratiform Cu-Co deposit in Zambia. The goal of this study is to better understand the formation mechanisms of these veins and to explain their particular spatial and thickness distribution, with respect to failure of transversely isotropic rocks. The spatial distribution and thickness variation of these veins was quantified during a field campaign in thirteen line transects perpendicular to undeformed veins in underground crosscuts. The fibrous dolomite veins studied are not related to lithological contrasts, but to a strong bedding-parallel shaly fabric, typical for the black shale facies of the Copperbelt Orebody Member. The host rock can hence be considered as transversely isotropic. Growth morphologies vary from antitaxial with a pronounced median surface to asymmetric syntaxial, always with small but quantifiable growth competition. A microstructural fabric study reveals that the undeformed dolomite veins show low-tortuosity vein walls and quantifiable growth competition. Here, we use a Discrete Element Method numerical modelling approach with ESyS-Particle (http://launchpad.net/esys-particle) to simulate the observed properties of the veins. Calibrated numerical specimens with a transversely isotropic matrix are repeatedly brought to failure under constant strain rates by changing the effective strain rates at model boundaries. After each fracture event, fractures in the numerical model are filled with cohesive vein material and the experiment is repeated. By systematically varying

Benign fibrous histiocytoma of the fronto-temporo-parietal region: a case report and review of the literature

PubMed Central

Chen, Hongxu; Li, Pengcheng; Liu, Zhiyong; Xu, Jianguo; Hui, Xuhui

2015-01-01

Primary benign fibrous histiocytoma (BFH) at the skull is extremely rare. Here we report a case of a 22-year-old man presented with a 1-year history of progressive enlargement subcutaneous mass on the right side of the fronto-temporo-parietal region without symptoms. The tumor was radical resected through craniotomy and the bone defect was repaired by pre-plasticity titanium mesh. Histopathologic examination confirmed a benign fibrous histiocytoma, and no signs of tumor recurrence were detected at 3-year follow-up. PMID:26823894

[Conjunctival fibrous histiocytoma simulating atipical pterygium in the Amazon region: case report].

PubMed

Carvalho, Roberto Murillo Limongi de Souza; Taleb, Alexandre; Carvalho, Giulianna Limongi de Souza; Avila, Marcos

2010-01-01

An inedited case in the Brazilian literature of conjunctival fibrous histiocytoma discovered during a wide scale community project accomplished by the team of the Center of Reference in Ophthalmology of the Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Goiás in the Amazon region is reported. A 38 year-old caucasian woman presented with a vascularized lesion on the medial portion of the bulbar conjunctiva and caruncular region of the right eye with extension for the limbus and invading about 2 mm of the medial cornea resembling a pterygium. Pathologic findings revealed that the lesion was constituted by spindle-shaped cells, with storiform arrangement, and large histocytelike cells. The immunohistochemistry revealed strong positivity for vimentin and the neoplastic cells were negative for AE1/AE3, HMB 45, S 100 protein. The histopathologic diagnosis was fibrous histiocytoma. The evolution demonstrated the tumoral growth and the possibility of a malignant lesion.

CT differentiation of mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the liver from solitary bile duct cysts.

PubMed

Kim, Hyoung Jung; Yu, Eun Sil; Byun, Jae Ho; Hong, Seung-Mo; Kim, Kyoung Won; Lee, Jong Seok; Kim, So Yeon

2014-01-01

The purpose of this study was to identify the CT features required for differentiating mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the liver (mucinous cystic neoplasms and cyst-forming intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct) from solitary bile duct cysts. CT images of pathologically confirmed mucinous cystic neoplasms (n = 15), cyst-forming intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct (n = 16), and solitary bile duct cysts (n = 31) were reviewed. Analysis of the CT findings included shape, presence of septa, location of septa (peripheral vs central), thickness of septa (thin vs thick), mosaic pattern, mural nodules, intracystic debris, calcification, upstream bile duct dilatation, downstream bile duct dilatation, and communication between a cystic lesion and the bile duct. The maximum size of a cystic lesion and the maximum size of the largest mural nodule were measured. The presence of septa, central septa, mural nodules, upstream bile duct dilatation, and downstream bile duct dilatation were found to be significant CT findings for differentiating mucinous cystic neoplasms and cyst-forming intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct from solitary bile duct cysts (p < 0.05 for each finding). When two of these five criteria were used in combination, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing mucin-producing cystic neoplasms and cyst-forming intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct were 87% (27 of 31) and 87% (27 of 31), respectively. When two of these five criteria were used in combination, the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing mucinous cystic neoplasms and cyst-forming intraductal papillary neoplasms of the bile duct were 87% (27 of 31) and 87% (27 of 31), respectively [corrected]. With the use of specific CT criteria, mucin-producing cystic neoplasms of the liver can be differentiated from solitary bile duct cysts with a high degree of accuracy.

Executive Control at an Early Age: Advance Planning in Solitary Play.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Besevegis, Elias; Neimark, Edith D.

Questions concerning the ontogeny of the planning process and its role in the regulation of behavior have been markedly absent from the literature. The present study examines the planning done during solitary play by middle-class children from four public nursery schools in Athens, Greece. One hundred preschool children in five age groups (42, 48,…

Solitary Potential in a Space Plasma Containing Dynamical Heavy Ions and Bi-Kappa Distributed Electrons of Two Distinct Temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sarker, M.; Hosen, B.; Hossen, M. R.; Mamun, A. A.

2018-01-01

The heavy ion-acoustic solitary waves (HIASWs) in a magnetized, collisionless, space plasma system (containing dynamical heavy ions and bi-kappa distributed electrons of two distinct temperatures) have been theoretically investigated. The Korteweg-de Vries (K-dV), modified K-dV (MK-dV), and higher-order MK-dV (HMK-dV) equations are derived by employing the reductive perturbation method. The basic features of HIASWs (viz. speed, polarity, amplitude, width, etc.) are found to be significantly modified by the effects of number density and temperature of different plasma species, and external magnetic field (obliqueness). The K-dV and HM-KdV equations give rise to both compressive and rarefactive solitary structures, whereas the MK-dV equation supports only the compressive solitary structures. The implication of our results in some space and laboratory plasma situations are briefly discussed.

Dust Acoustic Solitary Waves in Dusty Plasma with Trapped Electrons Having Different Temperature Nonthermal Ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deka, Manoj Kr.

2016-12-01

In this report, a detailed investigation on the study of dust acoustics solitary waves solution with negatively dust charge fluctuation in dusty plasma corresponding to lower and higher temperature nonthermal ions with trapped electrons is presented. We consider temporal variation of dust charge as a source of dissipation term to derive the lower order modified Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation by using the reductive perturbation technique. Solitary wave solution is obtained with the help of sech method in presence of trapped electrons and low (and high) temperature nonthermal ions. Both nonthermality of ions and trapped state of the electrons are found to have an imperative control on the nonlinear coefficient, dissipative coefficient as well as height of the wave potential.

Micro-computed tomography of pupal metamorphosis in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Insect metamorphosis involves a complex change in form and function, but most of these changes are internal and treated as a black box. In this study, we examined development of the solitary bee, Megachile rotundata, using micro-computed tomography (µCT) and digital volume analysis. We describe deve...

Microstructural and Compositional Features of the Fibrous and Hyaline Cartilage on the Medial Tibial Plateau Imply a Unique Role for the Hopping Locomotion of Kangaroo

PubMed Central

He, Bo; Wu, Jian Ping; Xu, Jiake; Day, Robert E.; Kirk, Thomas Brett

2013-01-01

Hopping provides efficient and energy saving locomotion for kangaroos, but it results in great forces in the knee joints. A previous study has suggested that a unique fibrous cartilage in the central region of the tibial cartilage could serve to decrease the peak stresses generated within kangaroo tibiofemoral joints. However, the influences of the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the central fibrous and peripheral hyaline cartilage on the function of the knee joints are still to be defined. The present study showed that the fibrous cartilage was thicker and had a lower chondrocyte density than the hyaline cartilage. Despite having a higher PG content in the middle and deep zones, the fibrous cartilage had an inferior compressive strength compared to the peripheral hyaline cartilage. The fibrous cartilage had a complex three dimensional collagen meshwork with collagen bundles parallel to the surface in the superficial zone, and with collagen bundles both parallel and perpendicular to the surface in the middle and deep zones. The collagen in the hyaline cartilage displayed a typical Benninghoff structure, with collagen fibres parallel to the surface in the superficial zone and collagen fibres perpendicular to the surface in the deep zone. Elastin fibres were found throughout the entire tissue depth of the fibrous cartilage and displayed a similar alignment to the adjacent collagen bundles. In comparison, the elastin fibres in the hyaline cartilage were confined within the superficial zone. This study examined for the first time the fibrillary structure, PG content and compressive properties of the central fibrous cartilage pad and peripheral hyaline cartilage within the kangaroo medial tibial plateau. It provided insights into the microstructure and composition of the fibrous and peripheral hyaline cartilage in relation to the unique mechanical properties of the tissues to provide for the normal activities of kangaroos. PMID:24058543

Microstructural and compositional features of the fibrous and hyaline cartilage on the medial tibial plateau imply a unique role for the hopping locomotion of kangaroo.

PubMed

He, Bo; Wu, Jian Ping; Xu, Jiake; Day, Robert E; Kirk, Thomas Brett

2013-01-01

Hopping provides efficient and energy saving locomotion for kangaroos, but it results in great forces in the knee joints. A previous study has suggested that a unique fibrous cartilage in the central region of the tibial cartilage could serve to decrease the peak stresses generated within kangaroo tibiofemoral joints. However, the influences of the microstructure, composition and mechanical properties of the central fibrous and peripheral hyaline cartilage on the function of the knee joints are still to be defined. The present study showed that the fibrous cartilage was thicker and had a lower chondrocyte density than the hyaline cartilage. Despite having a higher PG content in the middle and deep zones, the fibrous cartilage had an inferior compressive strength compared to the peripheral hyaline cartilage. The fibrous cartilage had a complex three dimensional collagen meshwork with collagen bundles parallel to the surface in the superficial zone, and with collagen bundles both parallel and perpendicular to the surface in the middle and deep zones. The collagen in the hyaline cartilage displayed a typical Benninghoff structure, with collagen fibres parallel to the surface in the superficial zone and collagen fibres perpendicular to the surface in the deep zone. Elastin fibres were found throughout the entire tissue depth of the fibrous cartilage and displayed a similar alignment to the adjacent collagen bundles. In comparison, the elastin fibres in the hyaline cartilage were confined within the superficial zone. This study examined for the first time the fibrillary structure, PG content and compressive properties of the central fibrous cartilage pad and peripheral hyaline cartilage within the kangaroo medial tibial plateau. It provided insights into the microstructure and composition of the fibrous and peripheral hyaline cartilage in relation to the unique mechanical properties of the tissues to provide for the normal activities of kangaroos.

Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma presenting as a midline nasal mass.

PubMed

DeRosa, Jaimie; Smit, Jeffrey R

2012-04-01

Myxoid malignant fibrous histiocytoma is a rare type of pediatric non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft-tissue sarcoma. The case of a 5-year-old girl is presented, highlighting the potential for multiple pitfalls and aberrant differential diagnoses that need to be identified for successful treatment of pediatric myxofibrosarcomas. An awareness of these tumors and a call for standardized postsurgical treatment protocols is necessary in order to successfully treat children with this disease.

Relationship between solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer and CT image features based on gradual clustering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Weipeng

2017-06-01

The relationship between the medical characteristics of lung cancers and computer tomography (CT) images are explored so as to improve the early diagnosis rate of lung cancers. This research collected CT images of patients with solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer, and used gradual clustering methodology to classify them. Preliminary classifications were made, followed by continuous modification and iteration to determine the optimal condensation point, until iteration stability was achieved. Reasonable classification results were obtained. the clustering results fell into 3 categories. The first type of patients was mostly female, with ages between 50 and 65 years. CT images of solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer for this group contain complete lobulation and burr, with pleural indentation; The second type of patients was mostly male with ages between 50 and 80 years. CT images of solitary pulmonary nodule lung cancer for this group contain complete lobulation and burr, but with no pleural indentation; The third type of patients was also mostly male with ages between 50 and 80 years. CT images for this group showed no abnormalities. the application of gradual clustering methodology can scientifically classify CT image features of patients with lung cancer in the initial lesion stage. These findings provide the basis for early detection and treatment of malignant lesions in patients with lung cancer.

Lung response to particulates with emphasis on asbestos and other fibrous dusts.

PubMed

Lee, K P

1985-01-01

Many theories have been proposed to explain asbestosis and asbestos-related pulmonary disease. However, none of the theories give a completely plausible explanation for the pathogenesis. Recently, attention has been drawn to a theory that the fibrogenicity or carcinogenicity of fibrous dust particles is related to fiber diameter and length rather than to chemical properties. This theory may help partially elucidate the disease process but is still far from solving the enigma of pulmonary fibrosis or carcinogenesis. The theory cannot explain the absence of these pathological effects among fiberglass workers or experimental animals exposed by inhalation (even though mesotheliomas are induced by intrapleural implantation and fiber dimension-related fibrogenicity is demonstrated by intratracheal injection). Little information regarding the pulmonary response to manmade fibrous particles is available in animals following inhalation exposure. Attempts should be made to confirm the absence of adverse effects using animal inhalation experiments even though to this point there is no conclusive evidence that either lung cancer or pulmonary diseases can be produced among employees in manmade fiber industries. A new research trend seems concentrated on testing the durability of asbestos or manmade fibers. This is based on the concept that biological effects of fibrous particles are the result of relative durability and that particles which can be fragmented or shortened may be less pathogenic. In the last two decades, considerable understanding about pulmonary fibrosis and carcinogenesis of asbestos has been achieved by clinical and animal experiments. In vitro tests including cytotoxicity, hemolysis, immunology, and enzyme biochemistry have provided important information on the interrelationships among these various biological effects of asbestos.

Protein valves prepared by click reaction grafting of poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) to electrospun poly(vinyl chloride) fibrous membranes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Jian-Wei; Lin, Zhen-Yu; Chang, Chi-Jung; Lu, Chien-Hsing; Chen, Jem-Kun

2018-05-01

In this study, poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) was electrospun into fibrous membranes and then reacted with NaN3 to generate azido-terminated PVC fibrous membranes. A propargyl-terminated poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAAm) was also synthesized and then grafted, through click reactions, onto the azido-terminated PVC fiber surface. Protrusion-, scale-, and joint-like structures of the PNIPAAm grafts on the PVC fibers were formed upon increasing the molecular weight of the PNIPAAm grafts. The PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibrous mats exhibited completely wetted surfaces at 25 °C because of their high roughness. The static water contact angle of the PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibrous mats reached 140° when the temperature was increased to 45 °C. This thermoresponsive behavior was significantly greater than that of the PNIPAAm grafted on a flat surface. Temperature-responsive membranes were constructed having a pore size of 1.38 μm and applied as protein valves to block and release an antibody (fluorescein-conjugated AffiniPure goat anti-rabbit IgG). At 25 °C, the collection efficiency remained at 94% for antibody concentrations up to 60 ng/L. As the temperature increased to 45 °C, the collection efficiency decreased abruptly, to 4%, when the antibody concentration was greater than 20 ng/L. Accordingly, this system of PNIPAAm-grafted PVC fibers functioned as a protein valve allowing the capture and concentration of proteins.

Variational approach to studying solitary waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with complex potentials

DOE PAGES

Mertens, Franz G.; Cooper, Fred; Arevalo, Edward; ...

2016-09-15

Here in this paper, we discuss the behavior of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) as they interact with complex potentials, using a four-parameter variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formulation of the dynamics. We concentrate on spatially periodic potentials with the periods of the real and imaginary part being either the same or different. Our results for the time evolution of the collective coordinates of our variational ansatz are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation of the NLSE. We compare our method with a collective coordinate approach of Kominis and give examples where themore » two methods give qualitatively different answers. In our variational approach, we are able to give analytic results for the small oscillation frequency of the solitary wave oscillating parameters which agree with the numerical solution of the collective coordinate equations. We also verify that instabilities set in when the slope dp(t)/dv(t) becomes negative when plotted parametrically as a function of time, where p(t) is the momentum of the solitary wave and v(t) the velocity.« less

Variational approach to studying solitary waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation with complex potentials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mertens, Franz G.; Cooper, Fred; Arevalo, Edward

Here in this paper, we discuss the behavior of solitary wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) as they interact with complex potentials, using a four-parameter variational approximation based on a dissipation functional formulation of the dynamics. We concentrate on spatially periodic potentials with the periods of the real and imaginary part being either the same or different. Our results for the time evolution of the collective coordinates of our variational ansatz are in good agreement with direct numerical simulation of the NLSE. We compare our method with a collective coordinate approach of Kominis and give examples where themore » two methods give qualitatively different answers. In our variational approach, we are able to give analytic results for the small oscillation frequency of the solitary wave oscillating parameters which agree with the numerical solution of the collective coordinate equations. We also verify that instabilities set in when the slope dp(t)/dv(t) becomes negative when plotted parametrically as a function of time, where p(t) is the momentum of the solitary wave and v(t) the velocity.« less

Solitary Septated Simple Liver Cyst in a Newborn Infant

PubMed Central

Alviedo, Neil; Kent, Amanda; Cohen, Inbal

2015-01-01

Simple liver cysts (SLC) are generally rare and are typically symptomatic when detected in infancy. We present a case of a newborn infant in whom fetal ultrasound and MRI revealed a cystic structure. Postnatal imaging revealed a septated, single cystic structure causing mass effect on the common bile duct and partially obstructing the inferior vena cava. Treatment of a solitary septated SLC was successful by laparoscopic total excision. The infant had an uncomplicated postsurgical course and has done well. PMID:26203457

Effect of temperature degeneracy and Landau quantization on drift solitary waves and double layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shan, Shaukat Ali; Haque, Q.

2018-01-01

The linear and nonlinear drift ion acoustic waves have been investigated in an inhomogeneous, magnetized, dense degenerate, and quantized magnetic field plasma. The linear drift ion acoustic wave propagation along with the nonlinear structures like double layers and solitary waves has been found to be strongly dependent on the drift speed, magnetic field quantization parameter β, and the temperature degeneracy. The graphical illustrations show that the frequency of linear waves and the amplitude of the solitary waves increase with the increase in temperature degeneracy and Landau quantization effect, while the amplitude of the double layers decreases with the increase in η and T. The relevance of the present study is pointed out in the plasma environment of fast ignition inertial confinement fusion, the white dwarf stars, and short pulsed petawatt laser technology.

Preparation of micro/nano-fibrous brushite coating on titanium via chemical conversion for biomedical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Bing; Guo, Yong-yuan; Xiao, Gui-yong; Lu, Yu-peng

2017-03-01

Calcium phosphate coatings have been applied on the surface of Ti implants to realize better osseointegration. The formation of dicalcium phosphate dihydrate (CaHPO4·2H2O), mineralogically named brushite on pure Ti substrate has been investigated via chemical conversion method. Coating composition and microstructure have been investigated by X-ray diffractometer, Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and field emission scanning electron microscope. The results reveal that the coatings are composed of high crystalline brushite with minor scholzite (CaZn2(PO4)2·2H2O). A micro/nano-scaled fibrous morphology can be produced in the acidic chemical conversion bath with pH 5.00. The surface of the fibrous brushite coating exhibits high hydrophilicity and corrosion resistance in the simulated body fluid. The osteoblast cells grow and spread actively on the coated samples and the proliferation numbers and alkaline phosphate activities of the cells improve significantly compared to the uncoated Ti. It is suggested that the micro/nano-fibrous brushite coating can be a potential approach to improve the osteoinductivity and osteoconductivity of Ti implant, due to its similarity in morphology and dimension to inorganic components of biological hard tissues, and favorable responses to the osteoblasts.

Viability and activity of bifidobacteria during refrigerated storage of yoghurt containing Mangifera pajang fibrous polysaccharides.

PubMed

Al-Sheraji, Sadeq Hasan; Ismail, Amin; Manap, Mohd Yazid; Mustafa, Shuhaimi; Yusof, Rokiah Mohd

2012-11-01

The viability and activity of Bifidobacterium pseudocatenulatum G4, B. longum BB 536 and yoghurt cultures (Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) were studied in yoghurt containing 0.75% Mangefira pajang fibrous polysaccharides (MPFP) and inulin. Growth of probiotic organisms, their proteolytic activities, the production of short chain fatty acids (lactic, acetic and propionic) and the pH of the yoghurt samples were determined during refrigerated storage at 4 °C for 28 d. B. pseudocatenulatum G4 and B. longum BB 536 showed better growth and activity in the presence of MPFP and inulin, which significantly increased the production of short chain fatty acids as well as the proteolytic activity of these organisms. This is the first study reported on produce synbiotic yoghurt as a functional food for specified health uses contains bifidobacteria and M. pajang fibrous polysaccharides. M. pajang fibrous polysaccharides can be used as a prebiotic particularly in dairy products to increase the viability and activity of bifidobacteria which can be used as probiotic to exert health benefit to the human by yoghurt that is considered common use in society; thus, the benefits of synbiotic yoghurt are readily accessible to the member of society. © 2012 Institute of Food Technologists®

Facile modification of electrospun fibrous structures with antifouling zwitterionic hydrogels.

PubMed

Xu, Tong; Yang, Jing; Zhang, Jiamin; Zhu, Yingnan; Li, Qingsi; Pan, Chao; Zhang, Lei

2017-12-28

Electrospinning technology can easily produce different shaped fibrous structures, making them highly valuable to various biomedical applications. However, surface contamination of biomolecules, cells, or blood has emerged as a significant challenge to the success of electrospun devices, especially artificial blood vessels, catheters and wound dressings etc. Many efforts have been made to resist the surface non-specific biomolecules or cells adsorption, but most of them require complex pre-treatment processes, hard-to-remove metal catalysts or rigorous reaction conditions. In addition, the stability of antifouling coatings, especially in complex conditions, is still a major concern. In this work, inspired by the interpenetrating polymer network and reinforced concrete structure, an efficient and facile strategy for modifying hydrophobic electrospun meshes and tubes with antifouling zwitterionic hydrogels has been introduced. The resulting products could efficiently resist the adhesion of proteins, cells, or even fresh whole blood. Meanwhile, they could maintain the shapes and mechanical strength of the original electrospun structures. Furthermore, the hydrogel structures could retain stable in a physiological condition for at least 3 months. This paper provided a general antifouling and hydrophilicity surface modification strategy for various fibrous structures, and could be of great value for many biomedical applications where antifouling properties are critical.

Living nano-micro fibrous woven fabric/hydrogel composite scaffolds for heart valve engineering.

PubMed

Wu, Shaohua; Duan, Bin; Qin, Xiaohong; Butcher, Jonathan T

2017-03-15

Regeneration and repair of injured or diseased heart valves remains a clinical challenge. Tissue engineering provides a promising treatment approach to facilitate living heart valve repair and regeneration. Three-dimensional (3D) biomimetic scaffolds that possess heterogeneous and anisotropic features that approximate those of native heart valve tissue are beneficial to the successful in vitro development of tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV). Here we report the development and characterization of a novel composite scaffold consisting of nano- and micro-scale fibrous woven fabrics and 3D hydrogels by using textile techniques combined with bioactive hydrogel formation. Embedded nano-micro fibrous scaffolds within hydrogel enhanced mechanical strength and physical structural anisotropy of the composite scaffold (similar to native aortic valve leaflets) and also reduced its compaction. We determined that the composite scaffolds supported the growth of human aortic valve interstitial cells (HAVIC), balanced the remodeling of heart valve ECM against shrinkage, and maintained better physiological fibroblastic phenotype in both normal and diseased HAVIC over single materials. These fabricated composite scaffolds enable the engineering of a living heart valve graft with improved anisotropic structure and tissue biomechanics important for maintaining valve cell phenotypes. Heart valve-related disease is an important clinical problem, with over 300,000 surgical repairs performed annually. Tissue engineering offers a promising strategy for heart valve repair and regeneration. In this study, we developed and tissue engineered living nano-micro fibrous woven fabric/hydrogel composite scaffolds by using textile technique combined with bioactive hydrogel formation. The novelty of our technique is that the composite scaffolds can mimic physical structure anisotropy and the mechanical strength of natural aortic valve leaflet. Moreover, the composite scaffolds prevented the

Kinematics of fibrous vein growth: insights from stable isotopes and trace element data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fischer, M. P.; Lefticariu, L.; Romanek, C.; Perry, E. C.

2005-12-01

Veins are important recorders of thermal, hydrological, structural, and geochemical conditions during deformation. Fibrous or bladed veins are particularly useful, because the mineral fibers are believed to grow continuously or episodically over what may be a significant geologic time period. Thus, individual mineral fibers document the complex, dynamic changes occurring coeval with vein growth and mineral precipitation. Geochemical and structural analyses have been used to constrain the kinematic history of a bed-parallel fibrous calcite vein from the Upper Jurassic La Casita Formation, Sierra Madre Oriental, Mexico. The La Casita Formation, correlative with the Smackover Formation of the northern US Gulf Coast, consists of shale and is part of a sedimentary succession that unconformably overlies evaporites of the Minas Viejas Formation. The fibrous vein examined in this study was taken from the backlimb of the frontal fold of the Monterrey salient near Saltillo. Optical petrographic observation reveals that the calcite fibers have blade or tapering lath shapes with widths from 0.1-1.0 mm. Other minerals present in the vein are pyrite, gypsum, bitumen, and iron oxides. High-resolution, closely spaced stable isotope and elemental analyses were carried out along five traverses across the vein width. The d18O values vary in a narrow range, with an average value of +20.8 permil (VSMOW). The d13C values increase systematically along the fibers, from the walls of the vein toward the suture plane. In all five traverses, the d13C increase is relatively constant, with lower values next to the vein wall (+1.2 to +1.6 permil PDB) and higher values along the suture line (+3.6 to +4.1 permil PDB). The vein minerals, fibrous calcite and accessory pyrite, are interpreted to be the products of high temperature reactions between light hydrocarbons and dissolved sulfate, known as thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR). Reactants such as light hydrocarbons and products such as CO2

The endangered Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae) in Israel: honey-bees, night-sheltering male bees and female solitary bees as pollinators.

PubMed

Watts, Stella; Sapir, Yuval; Segal, Bosmat; Dafni, Amots

2013-03-01

The coastal plain of Israel hosts the last few remaining populations of the endemic Iris atropurpurea (Iridaceae), a Red List species of high conservation priority. The flowers offer no nectar reward. Here the role of night-sheltering male solitary bees, honey-bees and female solitary bees as pollinators of I. atropurpurea is documented. Breeding system, floral longevity, stigma receptivity, visitation rates, pollen loads, pollen deposition and removal and fruit- and seed-set were investigated. The main wild pollinators of this plant are male eucerine bees, and to a lesser extent, but with the potential to transfer pollen, female solitary bees. Honey-bees were found to be frequent diurnal visitors; they removed large quantities of pollen and were as effective as male sheltering bees at pollinating this species. The low density of pollen carried by male solitary bees was attributed to grooming activities, pollen displacement when bees aggregated together in flowers and pollen depletion by honey-bees. In the population free of honey-bee hives, male bees carried significantly more pollen grains on their bodies. Results from pollen analysis and pollen deposited on stigmas suggest that inadequate pollination may be an important factor limiting fruit-set. In the presence of honey-bees, eucerine bees were low removal-low deposition pollinators, whereas honey-bees were high removal-low deposition pollinators, because they removed large amounts into corbiculae and deposited relatively little onto receptive stigmas. Even though overall, both bee taxa were equally effective pollinators, we suggest that honey-bees have the potential to reduce the amount of pollen available for plant reproduction, and to reduce the amount of resources available to solitary bee communities. The results of this study have potential implications for the conservation of this highly endangered plant species if hives are permitted inside reserves, where the bulk of Oncocyclus iris species are

Oocyte size, egg index, and body lipid content in relation to body size in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata.

PubMed

O'Neill, Kevin M; Delphia, Casey M; O'Neill, Ruth P

2014-01-01

Females of solitary, nest-provisioning bees have relatively low fecundity, but produce large eggs as part of their overall strategy of investing substantially in each offspring. In intraspecific comparisons of several species of solitary, nest-provisioning bees and wasps, the size of the mature eggs produced increases with female body size. We further examined oocyte size-body size correlations in the solitary bee Megachile rotundata (F.), an important crop pollinator. We hypothesized that larger females carry larger basal oocytes (i.e., those next in line to be oviposited) but that body size-oocyte size correlations would be absent soon after emergence, before their first eggs fully matured. Because egg production is likely affected by the quantity of stored lipids carried over from the bees' immature stages, we also tested the hypothesis that female body size is correlated with the body lipid content at adult emergence, the time during which oocyte growth accelerates. We found significant correlations of body size with oocyte size variables chosen to reflect: (1) the magnitude of the investment in the next egg to be laid (i.e., the length and volume of the basal oocyte) and (2) the longer term potential to produce mature oocytes (i.e., the summed lengths and volumes of the three largest oocytes in each female). Positive correlations existed throughout the nesting season, even during the first week following adult emergence. The ability to produce and carry larger oocytes may be linked to larger females starting the nesting season with greater lipid stores (which we document here) or to greater space within the abdomen of larger females. Compared to other species of solitary bees, M. rotundata appears to have (1) smaller oocytes than solitary nest-provisioning bees in general, (2) comparable oocyte sizes relative to congeners, and (3) larger oocytes than related brood parasitic megachilids.

Diagnosis of metastatic pancreatic mesenchymal tumors by endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration.

PubMed

Varghese, Linda; Ngae, Min Yi; Wilson, Andrew P; Crowder, Clinton D; Gulbahce, H Evin; Pambuccian, Stefan E

2009-11-01

Involvement of the pancreas by metastatic sarcoma is rare, and can prove challenging to differentiate from sarcomatoid carcinomas which occur more commonly. The endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) technique has been successfully used for the diagnosis of pancreatic carcinomas whether primary or metastatic, and is now considered the most effective noninvasive method for the identification of pancreatic metastases. However, to date very few reports detail the diagnosis of mesenchymal neoplasms by EUS-FNA. Herein, we report a series of four patients who underwent EUS-FNA of the pancreas, where the diagnosis of metastatic sarcoma was made based on morphology and ancillary studies. The cases include metastases of leiomyosarcoma, liposarcoma, alveolar rhabdomyosarcoma, and solitary fibrous tumor. The history of a primary sarcoma of the chest wall, mediastinum, and respectively lower extremity was known for the first three of these patients while in the case of the solitary fibrous tumor a remote history of a paraspinal "hemangiopericytoma" was only elicited after the EUS-FNA diagnosis was made. We conclude that EUS-FNA is efficient and accurate in providing a diagnosis of sarcoma, even in patients without a known primary sarcoma, thus allowing institution of therapy without additional biopsies.

A Network Model for the Effective Thermal Conductivity of Rigid Fibrous Refractory Insulations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marschall, Jochen; Cooper, D. M. (Technical Monitor)

1995-01-01

A procedure is described for computing the effective thermal conductivity of a rigid fibrous refractory insulation. The insulation is modeled as a 3-dimensional Cartesian network of thermal conductance. The values and volume distributions of the conductance are assigned to reflect the physical properties of the insulation, its constituent fibers, and any permeating gas. The effective thermal conductivity is computed by considering the simultaneous energy transport by solid conduction, gas conduction and radiation through a cubic volume of model insulation; thus the coupling between heat transfer modes is retained (within the simplifications inherent to the model), rather than suppressed by treating these heat transfer modes as independent. The model takes into account insulation composition, density and fiber anisotropy, as well as the geometric and material properties of the constituent fibers. A relatively good agreement, between calculated and experimentally derived thermal conductivity values, is obtained for a variety of rigid fibrous insulations.

The combined effect of thermal and chemotherapy on HeLa cells using magnetically actuated smart textured fibrous system.

PubMed

Tiwari, Pranav; Agarwal, Sakshi; Srivastava, Sachchidanand; Jain, Shilpee

2018-01-01

Thermal therapy combined with chemotherapy is one of the advanced and efficient methods to eradicate cancer. In this work, we fabricated magnetically actuated smart textured (MAST) fibrous systems and studied their candidacy for cancer treatment. The polycaprolactone-Fe 3 O 4 based MAST fibers were fabricated using electrospinning technique. These MAST fibrous systems contained carbogenic quantum dots as a tracking agent and doxorubicin hydrochloride anticancer drug. Additionally, as fabricated MAST fibrous systems were able to deliver anticancer drug and heat energy simultaneously to kill HeLa cells in a 10 min period in vitro. After treatment, the metabolic activity and morphology of HeLa cells were analyzed. In addition, the mechanism of cell death was studied using flow cytometry. Interestingly, the navigation of these systems in the fluid can be controlled with the application of gradient magnetic field. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 40-51, 2018. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Photoluminescence imaging of solitary dopant sites in covalently doped single-wall carbon nanotubes

DOE PAGES

Hartmann, Nicolai F.; Yalcin, Sibel Ebru; Adamska, Lyudmyla; ...

2015-11-11

Covalent dopants in semiconducting single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) are becoming important as routes for introducing new photoluminescent emitting states with potential for enhanced quantum yields, new functionality, and as species capable of near-IR room-temperature single photon emission. The origin and behavior of the dopant-induced emission is thus important to understand as a key requirement for successful room-T photonics and optoelectronics applications. Here, we use direct correlated two-color photoluminescence imaging to probe how the interplay between the SWCNT bright E 11 exciton and solitary dopant sites yields the dopant-induced emission for three different dopant species: oxygen, 4-methoxybenzene, and 4-bromobenzene. Wemore » introduce a route to control dopant functionalization to a low level as a means for introducing spatially well-separated solitary dopant sites. Resolution of emission from solitary dopant sites and correlation to their impact on E 11 emission allows confirmation of dopants as trapping sites for localization of E 11 excitons following their diffusive transport to the dopant site. Imaging of the dopant emission also reveals photoluminescence intermittency (blinking), with blinking dynamics being dependent on the specific dopant. Density functional theory calculations were performed to evaluate the stability of dopants and delineate the possible mechanisms of blinking. Furthermore, theoretical modeling suggests that the trapping of free charges in the potential well created by permanent dipoles introduced by dopant atoms/groups is likely responsible for the blinking, with the strongest effects being predicted and observed for oxygen-doped SWCNTs.« less

Solitary fibular metastasis from nonsmall cell lung carcinoma

PubMed Central

Akram, Mohammad; Zaheer, Samreen; Hussain, Asif; Siddiqui, Shahid A; Afrose, Ruquiya; Khalid, Saifullah

2017-01-01

Solitary bone metastasis to fibula in patients of lung carcinoma is a rare entity, with only four cases reported in literature. We, hereby, present a case of a 50 year-old-male who was given three cycles of chemotherapy for lung carcinoma with no distant metastasis but presented 2 months later with a fusiform, painful swelling around the knee that was clinically suspected to be inflammatory in nature but proved to be fibular metastasis on cytology. There was no evidence of skeletal metastasis on initial bone scan. He was given palliative radiotherapy for this with symptomatic relief. PMID:28469322

Solitary fibular metastasis from nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.

PubMed

Akram, Mohammad; Zaheer, Samreen; Hussain, Asif; Siddiqui, Shahid A; Afrose, Ruquiya; Khalid, Saifullah

2017-01-01

Solitary bone metastasis to fibula in patients of lung carcinoma is a rare entity, with only four cases reported in literature. We, hereby, present a case of a 50 year-old-male who was given three cycles of chemotherapy for lung carcinoma with no distant metastasis but presented 2 months later with a fusiform, painful swelling around the knee that was clinically suspected to be inflammatory in nature but proved to be fibular metastasis on cytology. There was no evidence of skeletal metastasis on initial bone scan. He was given palliative radiotherapy for this with symptomatic relief.

Immunohistochemical Analysis Supports a Role for INI1/SMARCB1 in Hereditary Forms of Schwannomas, But Not in Solitary, Sporadic Schwannomas

PubMed Central

Patil, Sushama; Perry, Arie; MacCollin, Mia; Dong, Shumin; Betensky, Rebecca A.; Yeh, Tu-Hsueh; Gutmann, David H.; Stemmer-Rachamimov, Anat O.

2009-01-01

The INI1/SMARCB1 protein product (INI1), a component of a transcription complex, was recently implicated in the pathogenesis of schwannomas in two members of a single family with familial schwannomatosis1. Tumors were found to have both constitutional and somatic mutations of the SMARCB1 gene and showed a mosaic pattern of loss of INI1 expression by immunohistochemistry, suggesting a tumor composition of mixed null and haploinsufficient cells. To determine if this finding could be extended to all tumors arising in familial schwannomatosis, and how it compares to other multiple schwannoma syndromes (sporadic schwannomatosis and neurofibromatosis 2) as well as to sporadic, solitary schwannomas, we performed an immunohistochemistry analysis on 45 schwannomas from patients with multiple schwannoma syndromes and on 38 solitary, sporadic schwannomas from non-syndromic patients. A mosaic pattern of INI1 expression was seen in 93% of tumors from familial schwannomatosis patients, 55% of tumors from sporadic schwannomatosis, 83% of NF2-associated tumors and only 5% of solitary, sporadic schwannomas. These results confirm a role for INI1/SMARCB1 in multiple schwannoma syndromes and suggest that a different pathway of tumorigenesis occurs in solitary, sporadic tumors. PMID:18422762

Ninth DOD/NASA/FAA Conference on Fibrous Composites in Structural Design, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Soderquist, Joseph R. (Compiler); Neri, Lawrence M. (Compiler); Bohon, Herman L. (Compiler)

1992-01-01

This publication contains the proceedings of the Ninth DOD/NASA/FAA conference on Fibrous Composites in structural Design. Presentations were made in the following areas of composite structural design: perspectives in composites; design methodology; design applications; design criteria; supporting technology; damage tolerance; and manufacturing.

Hydrogen peroxide production from fibrous pectic cellulose analogs and effect on dermal fibroblasts

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Naturally derived products with folklore remedies have in recent years been reconsidered for their benefit to wound healing i.e., honey’s application to chronic wound dressing products. Similarly, we have undertaken an evaluation of Fibrous pectin-cellulose (FPC) (cellulose blended with primary cel...

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced MRI of cartilage (dGEMRIC) of cadaveric shoulders: comparison of contrast dynamics in hyaline and fibrous cartilage after intraarticular gadolinium injection.

PubMed

Wiener, E; Hodler, J; Pfirrmann, C W A

2009-01-01

Delayed gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC) is a novel method to investigate cartilaginous and fibrocartilaginous structures. To investigate the contrast dynamics in hyaline and fibrous cartilage of the glenohumeral joint after intraarticular injection of gadopentetate dimeglumine. Transverse T(1) maps were acquired on a 1.5T scanner before and after intraarticular injection of 2.0 mmol/l gadopentetate dimeglumine in five cadaveric shoulders using a dual flip angle three-dimensional gradient echo (3D-GRE) sequence. The acquisition time for the T(1) maps was 5 min 5 s for the whole shoulder. Measurements were repeated every 15 min over 2.5 hours. Regions of interest (ROIs) covering the glenoid cartilage and the labrum were drawn to assess the temporal evolution of the relaxation parameters. T(1) of unenhanced hyaline cartilage of the glenoid was 568+/-34 ms. T(1) of unenhanced fibrous cartilage of the labrum was 552+/-38 ms. Significant differences (P=0.002 and 0.03) in the relaxation parameters were already measurable after 15 min. After 2 to 2.5 hours, hyaline and fibrous cartilage still demonstrated decreasing relaxation parameters, with a larger range of the T(1)(Gd) values in fibrous cartilage. T(1) and triangle Delta R(1) values of hyaline and fibrous cartilage after 2.5 hours were 351+/-16 ms and 1.1+/-0.09 s(-1), and 332+/-31 ms and 1.2+/-0.1 s(-1), respectively. A significant decrease in T(1)(Gd) was found 15 min after intraarticular contrast injection. Contrast accumulation was faster in hyaline than in fibrous cartilage. After 2.5 hours, contrast accumulation showed a higher rate of decrease in hyaline cartilage, but neither hyaline nor fibrous cartilage had reached equilibrium.

Kinetic Alfvén solitary and rogue waves in superthermal plasmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bains, A. S.; Li, Bo; Xia, Li-Dong

2014-03-01

We investigate the small but finite amplitude solitary Kinetic Alfvén waves (KAWs) in low β plasmas with superthermal electrons modeled by a kappa-type distribution. A nonlinear Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation describing the evolution of KAWs is derived by using the standard reductive perturbation method. Examining the dependence of the nonlinear and dispersion coefficients of the KdV equation on the superthermal parameter κ, plasma β, and obliqueness of propagation, we show that these parameters may change substantially the shape and size of solitary KAW pulses. Only sub-Alfvénic, compressive solitons are supported. We then extend the study to examine kinetic Alfvén rogue waves by deriving a nonlinear Schrödinger equation from the KdV equation. Rational solutions that form rogue wave envelopes are obtained. We examine how the behavior of rogue waves depends on the plasma parameters in question, finding that the rogue envelopes are lowered with increasing electron superthermality whereas the opposite is true when the plasma β increases. The findings of this study may find applications to low β plasmas in astrophysical environments where particles are superthermally distributed.

Solitary waves in the nonlinear Dirac equation in the presence of external driving forces

DOE PAGES

Mertens, Franz G.; Cooper, Fred; Quintero, Niurka R.; ...

2016-01-05

In this paper, we consider the nonlinear Dirac (NLD) equation in (1 + 1) dimensions with scalar–scalar self interaction g 2/κ + 1 (Ψ¯Ψ) κ + 1 in the presence of external forces as well as damping of the form f(x) - iμγ 0Ψ, where both f and Ψ are two-component spinors. We develop an approximate variational approach using collective coordinates (CC) for studying the time dependent response of the solitary waves to these external forces. This approach predicts intrinsic oscillations of the solitary waves, i.e. the amplitude, width and phase all oscillate with the same frequency. The translational motionmore » is also affected, because the soliton position oscillates around a mean trajectory. For κ = 1 we solve explicitly the CC equations of the variational approximation for slow moving solitary waves in a constant external force without damping and find reasonable agreement with solving numerically the CC equations. Finally, we then compare the results of the variational approximation with no damping with numerical simulations of the NLD equation for κ = 1, when the components of the external force are of the form f j = r j exp(–iΚx) and again find agreement if we take into account a certain linear excitation with specific wavenumber that is excited together with the intrinsic oscillations such that the momentum in a transformed NLD equation is conserved.« less

Long foraging distances impose high costs on offspring production in solitary bees.

PubMed

Zurbuchen, Antonia; Cheesman, Stephanie; Klaiber, Jeannine; Müller, Andreas; Hein, Silke; Dorn, Silvia

2010-05-01

1. Solitary bees are central place foragers returning to their nests several times a day with pollen and nectar to provision their brood cells. They are especially susceptible to landscape changes that lead to an increased spatial separation of suitable nesting sites and flower rich host plant stands. While knowledge of bee foraging ranges is currently growing, quantitative data on the costs of foraging flights are very scarce, although such data are crucial to understand bee population dynamics. 2. In this study, the impact of increased foraging distance on the duration of foraging bouts and on the number of brood cells provisioned per time unit was experimentally quantified in the two pollen specialist solitary bee species Hoplitis adunca and Chelostoma rapunculi. Females nesting at different sites foraged under the same environmental conditions on a single large and movable flowering host plant patch in an otherwise host plant free landscape. 3. The number of brood cells provisioned per time unit by H. adunca was found to decrease by 23%, 31% and 26% with an increase in the foraging distance by 150, 200 and 300 m, respectively. The number of brood cells provisioned by C. rapunculi decreased by 46% and 36% with an increase in the foraging distance by 500 and 600 m, respectively. 4. Contrary to expectation, a widely scattered arrangement of host plants did not result in longer mean duration of a foraging bout in H. adunca compared to a highly aggregated arrangement, which might be due to a reduced flight directionality combined with a high rate of revisitation of already depleted flowers in the aggregated plant arrangement or by a stronger competition and disturbance by other flower visitors. 5. The results of this study clearly indicate that a close neighbourhood of suitable nesting and foraging habitats is crucial for population persistence and thus conservation of endangered solitary bee species.

[Functional childhood gastrointestinal disorders. III. Constipation and solitary encopresis; diagnostic work-up and therapy].

PubMed

van Ginkel, R; Büller, H A; Heymans, H S; Taminiau, J A; Boeckxstaens, G E; Benninga, M A

2003-06-28

A detailed medical history in combination with a thorough physical examination, including rectal examination, form the cornerstone in the diagnostic work-up for children with functional defecation disorders. Additional investigations are often not informative and have only minor diagnostic or therapeutic implications. Medical therapy in children with functional constipation and solitary encopresis is primarily based on clinical experience. In both patient groups, the role of education, the use of diary cards and toilet training is important. In some patients behaviour interventions are important. Oral laxatives are the basis of treatment of children with functional constipation, whereas they are contra-indicated in children with solitary encopresis. In both groups, biofeedback training appears to be of little additional benefit. Long-term follow-up of children with functional defecation disorders shows that complaints continue far beyond puberty in many children.

Methods for modifying monofilaments, bundles of monofilaments, and fibrous structural material

DOEpatents

Allen, Charles A.; Argyle, Mark D.; Fox, Robert V.; Ginosar, Daniel M.; Janikowski, Stuart K.; Miller, David L.; Propp, W. Alan; Toth, William J.

2002-12-17

The present invention is related to the modifying of substrates such as monofilaments, bundles of monofilaments, and fibrous structural material with a modifying agent. The modifying agent is suspended or dissolved in a supercritical fluid, near-critical fluid, superheated fluid, superheated liquid, or a liquified gas and is deposited by rapidly altering the pressure in a chamber to deposit the modifying material onto the substrate.

Development of flame resistant treatment for nomex fibrous structures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Toy, M. S.

1978-01-01

Technology which renders aramid fibrous structures flame resistant through chemical modification was developed. The project scaled up flame resistant treatment from laboratory fabric swatches of a few inches to efficiently producing ten yards of commercial width (41 inches) aromatic polyamide. The radiation intensity problem of the processor was resolved. Further improvement of the processor cooling system was recommended for two reasons: (1) To advance current technology of flame proofing Nomex fabric to higher oxygen enriched atmospheres; and (2) To adapt the processor for direct applicability to low cost commercial fabrics.

Fibrous structure in GaSb surfaces irradiated with fast Cu cluster ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuchida, Hidetsugu; Nitta, Noriko; Yanagida, Yusuke; Okumura, Yuya; Murase, Ryu

2018-04-01

The effect of fast cluster irradiation on the formation of fibrous structures is investigated for single crystal GaSb surfaces irradiated by Cun+ ions (n = 1-3) with an energy of 0.4 MeV/atom at ion fluences up to 5 × 1015 cm-2. We study the cluster size dependence on the growth of fibrous network structures. With increasing cluster size, the shape of the fiber changed from rod-like to spherical. To quantitatively evaluate this cluster effect, a fiber diameter d in rod or spherical portion is examined as a function of ion fluence Φ and cluster size n. We find that the fiber diameter nonlinearly increases and follows the relation d ∝nα×Φ , with α≈2 . This evidently implies that the amount of defects generated by n-sized cluster bombardments varies as n2 for n ≤3 . Cluster ion irradiation enhances the defect generation owing to the overlap between cascades of individual cluster constituents and is therefore effective for the growth of nanofibers.

Evaluation of solitary waves as a mechanism for oil transport in poroelastic media: A case study of the South Eugene Island field, Gulf of Mexico basin

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joshi, Ajit; Appold, Martin S.; Nunn, Jeffrey A.

Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene Island 330 field in the Gulf of Mexico basin are thought to have migrated rapidly along low permeability sediments of the Red fault zone as discrete pressure pulses from source rocks at depths of about 4.5 km. The aim of this research was to evaluate the hypothesis that these pressure pulses represent solitary waves by investigating the mechanics of solitary wave formation and motion and wave oil transport capability. A two-dimensional numerical model of Eugene Island minibasin formation predicted overpressures at the hydrocarbon source depth to increase at an average rate of 30more » Pa/yr, reaching 52 MPa by the present day and oil velocities of 1E-12 m/yr, far too low for kilometer scale oil transport to fill shallow Plio-Pleistocene reservoirs within the 3.6 million year minibasin history. Calculations from a separate one-dimensional model that used the pressure generation rate from the two-dimensional model showed that solitary waves could only form and migrate within sediments that have very low permeabilities between 1-25 to 1-24 m2 and that are highly overpressured to 91-93% of lithostatic pressure. Solitary waves were found to have a maximum pore volume of 105 m3, to travel a maximum distance of 1-2 km, and to have a maximum velocity of 1-3 m/yr. Based on these results, solitary waves are unlikely to have transported oil to the shallowest reservoirs in the Eugene Island field in a poroelastic fault gouge rheology at the pressure generation rates likely to have been caused by disequilibrium compaction and hydrocarbon generation. However, solitary waves could perhaps be important agents for oil transport in other locations where reservoirs are closer to the source rocks, where the pore space is occupied by more than one fluid, or where sudden fracturing of overpressured hydrocarbon source sediments would allow the solitary waves to propagate as shock waves. Hydrocarbons in shallow reservoirs of the Eugene

Heat transfer enhancement of flow insulator by combined stainless steel fibrous and wire net porous materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khantikomol, P.; Polsongkram, M.; Apisitpinyo, W.; Poowadin, T.

2018-01-01

The present research article aims to propose the heat transfer enhancement of the flow insulator using combined fibrous and wire net stainless steel porous material. The stainless fibrous plate with porosity of 0.9292 was combined to the stainless steel wire net having pore per inch (PPI) of 16 and total thickness of 30 mm. Two models of the arranging porous plates were prepared, which were model BA and model AB. Each porous plate segment had the same thickness. The examined porous plate model have porosities of 0.8452. The porous plate was placed normal to the flow direction. The air was used as working fluid heated by 5 kW electric heater, which was controlled by the automatic temperature control. Type-K thermocouples were employed to measure the air temperatures. The temperature at front of the porous plate was varied to be 350, 450, and 550°C. The air flow rate was varied in the range of 4-12 m3/hr. The experimental result showed that the temperature drop across the porous plate and the thermal efficiency increase with the inlet temperature. The air velocity slightly affects the temperature profile inside the test section at the upstream side of the porous plate but greatly affects temperature inside the porous plate. In consideration of the arranging porous plate, placing of the stainless steel wire net at the upstream side and placing the stainless steel fibrous at downstream side (model BA) results in the highest temperature drop and the highest thermal efficiency. At Re 733 and inlet temperature 550°C for model BA at 30 mm thickness, the thermal efficiency was 50%. It was shown that the combined stainless steel fibrous and stainless steel wire net porous material could be a good flow insulator.

Formation of complex fibrous calcite veins in Upper Triassic strata of Wrangellia Terrain, British Columbia, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Aasm, I. S.; Coniglio, M.; Desrochers, A.

1995-12-01

Fibrous calcite veins are ubiquitous throughout the thinly bedded, organic-rich Upper Triassic marine mdrocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands and their lateral equivalents on Vancouver Island. These veins show variable and complex morphologies and can be grouped into several types: (a) simple; (b) anastomosing or composite; (c) boxwork; and (4) polygonal network oriented normal to bedding. Field, petrographic, and geochemical evidence suggest that vein opening, resulting from hydraulic fracturing due to elevated pore-fluid pressures, was an early phenomenon and occurred prior to significant compaction of the host sediments. Calcite fibers in the veins are up to 30 mm long and commonly oriented perpendicular to the wall but locally display conical structures. Fibrous calcites, with the exception of those in boxwork veins, are generally non-ferroan and dull to very weakly orange luminescent. The boxwork calcites are ferroan, zoned and show dull luminescence with some bright rims. δ18O values range from -8.2 to -21.6‰ (PDB) and δ13C values range from 2.0 to -4.4‰ (PDB). Although some variations are present among the different morphological types of calcite veins, oxygen and carbon isotopic values display important variations when compared geographically. The most depleted oxygen and carbon isotopic values are those of boxwork calcite and they are associated with areas where the effects of early Mesozoic plutonism were most severe. Precipitation of boxwork fibrous calcites is interpreted to have been related to hydrothermal discharge into unconsolidated host sediment, rather than to later burial. Although the hydrothermal influence on the formation of vein calcite is related to geological events specific to the Wrangellia Terrain, this study provides an alternative mechanism for the generation of fibrous calcite veins and demonstrates the local importance of hydrothermal input in the evolution of pore-water chemistry.

Erionite and other fibrous zeolites in volcanic environments: the need for a risk assessment in Italy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cavallo, A.; Rimoldi, B.

2012-04-01

In many European countries in the '90s there was a significant increase in mortality linked to mesothelioma, a cancer of the lung, involving pleural, pericardial and peritoneal mesothelial cells, which unfortunately has no cure at present. Though most of these cases have been attributed to t asbestos, in Italy at least 17% of cases of mesothelioma is still not fully explained. In the years between 1990 and 2000, it was discovered that the inhalation of erionite fibers (a zeolite group mineral, that can be found in altered volcanic rocks) was the cause of a regional epidemic of mesothelioma in some villages of Cappadocia (Turkey). Erionite, in fact, was recently included in Class 1 (highly carcinogenic) by the World Health Organization, up to 800 times more carcinogenic than asbestos; on the other hand, little is known about the toxicity of other fibrous zeolites, commonly intergrown with erionite, such as offretite and mordenite. Erionite was reported in different regions of Italy; nevertheless, a systematic mapping of its distribution, the quantification of its presence in rocks and data about airborne fibers are still missing. We carried out first preliminary sampling in Veneto, in Tertiary volcanic rocks, mainly hydrothermally altered basalts. The first mineralogical investigations by means of XRPD, SEM-EDS and OM confirmed the presence of small amounts of erionite and abundant fibrous offretite, in vugs of basaltic rocks. Intergrowths and overgrowths with other fibrous minerals are quite common, and the morphological-chemical similarities among these zeolites pose a special analytical problem, with the need of combining different techniques. Our first findings, combined with the fact that zeolites are important industrial minerals, emphasize the need of a risk assessment in Italy and Europe, because there are no systematic studies on the distribution of erionite or similar fibrous zeolites in the environment. The knowledge of the epidemiology of mesothelioma

Solitary juvenile xanthogranuloma with tibial involvement: a case report.

PubMed

Zhi, Yunlai; Duan, Yuhe; Zhang, Hong; Yin, Xiaofeng; Qu, Tingting; Guan, Ge; Su, Lin; Dong, Qian

2015-01-01

Juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG) is a rare disease that is part of a spectrum of histiocytic dendritic cell disorders. Most patients present with a solitary cutaneous lesion; however, others present with extracutaneous manifestations or even with systemic involvement. We present the first report of an 11-month-old girl in whom was diagnosed a unifocal extracutaneous JXG involving the tibia. Histological and immunohistochemical staining results are presented. A review of the literature on these unusual lesions is conducted, along with discussion of their differential diagnosis and key aspects of the patient's evaluation, management, and pathological diagnosis.

Quantitative determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous alpha-silicon carbide by x-ray powder diffractometry.

PubMed

Bye, E; Føreland, S; Lundgren, L; Kruse, K; Rønning, R

2009-06-01

The purpose of the present investigation was to establish a method for the determination of airborne respirable non-fibrous silicon carbide (SiC). The main application is within the industrial production of SiC. Due to the complex airborne aerosol mixture of crystalline compounds in the SiC industry, X-ray powder diffractometry was selected as the most appropriate method. Without any international standard material for the respirable fraction of non-fibrous SiC, pure and suitable products from three SiC plants in Norway were selected. These products have a median particle diameter in the range 4.4-5.1 mum. The method is based on thin sample technique, with the dust deposited on a polycarbonate filter. Absorption correction is done by standard procedures with the use of a silver filter, situated below the polycarbonate filter. The diffraction line used for quantitative determination was selected carefully. This was done to avoid interferences from quartz, cristobalite, and graphite, which all are airborne components present in the atmosphere during the industrial process. The instrumental limit of detection for the method is 12 microg. This method has been used to determine airborne non-fibrous SiC in a comprehensive ongoing project in the Norwegian SiC industry for further epidemiological studies. The method is fully applicable for compliance work.

Genetic tracing of the gustatory and trigeminal neural pathways originating from T1R3-expressing taste receptor cells and solitary chemoreceptor cells.

PubMed

Ohmoto, Makoto; Matsumoto, Ichiro; Yasuoka, Akihito; Yoshihara, Yoshihiro; Abe, Keiko

2008-08-01

We established transgenic mouse lines expressing a transneuronal tracer, wheat germ agglutinin (WGA), under the control of mouse T1R3 gene promoter/enhancer. In the taste buds, WGA transgene was faithfully expressed in T1R3-positive sweet/umami taste receptor cells. WGA protein was transferred not laterally to the synapse-bearing, sour-responsive type III cells in the taste buds but directly to a subset of neurons in the geniculate and nodose/petrosal ganglia, and further conveyed to a rostro-central region of the nucleus of solitary tract. In addition, WGA was expressed in solitary chemoreceptor cells in the nasal epithelium and transferred along the trigeminal sensory pathway to the brainstem neurons. The solitary chemoreceptor cells endogenously expressed T1R3 together with bitter taste receptors T2Rs. This result shows an exceptional signature of receptor expression. Thus, the t1r3-WGA transgenic mice revealed the sweet/umami gustatory pathways from taste receptor cells and the trigeminal neural pathway from solitary chemoreceptor cells.

Identification of occult tumors by whole-specimen mapping in solitary papillary thyroid carcinoma.

PubMed

Park, Seog Yun; Jung, Yuh-S; Ryu, Chang Hwan; Lee, Chang Yoon; Lee, You Jin; Lee, Eun Kyung; Kim, Seok-Ki; Kim, Tae Sung; Kim, Tae Hyun; Jang, Jeyun; Park, Daeyoon; Dong, Seung Myung; Kang, Jae-Goo; Lee, Jin Soo; Ryu, Junsun

2015-08-01

We undertook this study to estimate an accurate incidence and spread patterns of occult papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) in patients with a preoperative diagnosis of solitary PTC by using whole-specimen mapping of all specimens after a total thyroidectomy. Enrolled prospectively in this whole-thyroid mapping study are 82 consecutive patients who underwent a total thyroidectomy under a preoperative diagnosis of solitary PTC. All thyroidectomy specimens were serially sectioned in 2 mm thickness and whole-thyroid mapping was carried out for additional foci of occult PTC. The frequencies of occult lesions detected in the whole and contralateral lobe were determined, and clinicopathologic factors associated with multifocality were assessed. Whole-thyroid mapping revealed 66 occult PTC lesions missed by preoperative ultrasound in 37 (45.1%) of the 82 patients. The great majority (92.5%) of the occult PTC was smaller than 3 mm in size and 25 patients (30.5%) had contralateral lesions. We found that the male sex was an independent predictor of multifocality (odds ratio (OR), 3.00; 95% CI, 1.11-8.14), adjusting for preoperative findings. Analysis with pathologic parameters showed that the male sex (OR, 5.03; 95% CI, 1.68-15.08) and extrathyroidal extensions (OR, 3.03; 95% CI, 1.03-8.95) were associated with multifocal PTC. However, none of the clinicopathologic factors evaluated predicted contralateral PTC. Our study demonstrates the diagnostic limitations of ultrasound for the detection of multifocal PTC and the need to consider the possibility of occult lesions in the management of solitary PTC, especially in male patients. © 2015 Society for Endocrinology.

Left ventricular dysfunction in ischemic heart disease: fundamental importance of the fibrous matrix.

PubMed

Swan, H J

1994-05-01

The contractile function of the myocardium is coordinated by a fibrous matrix of exquisite organization and complexity. In the normal heart, and apparently in physiological hypertrophy, this matrix is submicroscopic. In pathological states changes are frequent, and usually progressive. Thickening of the many elements of the fine structure is due to an increased synthesis of Type I collagen, This change, which affects the myocardium in a global manner, can be observed by light microscopy using special techniques. Perivascular fibrosis, with an increase in vascular smooth muscle, is accompanied by development of fibrous septa, with a decrease in diastolic compliance. These structural changes are believed to be due to increased activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system, and to be independent of the processes of myocyte hypertrophy. Reparative or replacement fibrosis is a separate process by means of which small and large areas of necrosis heal, with the development of coarse collagen structures, which lack a specific organizational pattern. Regarding ischemic heart disease, an increase in tissue collagenase is found in experimental myocardial "stunning" and in the very early phase of acute infarction. Absence of elements of the fibrous matrix allow for myocyte slippage, and--if the affected area is large--cardiac dilatation. If, subsequently, the necrosis becomes transmural, there is further disturbance of collagen due to both mechanical strain and continued autolysis, During healing collagen synthesis increases greatly to allow for reparative scarring in the available tissue matrix. In cases of infarction with moderate or severe initial dilatation, pathological hypertrophy of the spared myocardium is progressive, accounting for late heart failure and poor survival.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Mechanisms of flexural flow folding of competent single-layers as evidenced by folded fibrous dolomite veins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torremans, Koen; Muchez, Philippe; Sintubin, Manuel

2014-12-01

Flexural flow is thought unlikely to occur in naturally deformed, competent isotropic single-layers. In this study we discuss a particular case of folded bedding-parallel fibrous dolomite veins in shale, in which the internal strain pattern and microstructural deformation features provide new insights in the mechanisms enabling flexural flow folding. Strain in the pre-folding veins is accommodated by two main mechanisms: intracrystalline deformation by bending and intergranular deformation with bookshelf rotation of dolomite fibres. The initially orthogonal dolomite fibres allowed a reconstruction of the strain distribution across the folded veins. This analysis shows that the planar mechanical anisotropy created by the fibres causes the veins to approximate flexural flow. During folding, synkinematic veins overgrow the pre-folding fibrous dolomite veins. Microstructures and dolomite growth morphologies reflect growth during progressive fold evolution, with evidence for flexural slip at fold lock-up. Homogeneous flattening, as evidenced by disjunctive axial-planar cleavage, subsequently modified these folds from class 1B to 1C folds. Our study shows that the internal vein fabric has a first-order influence on folding kinematics. Moreover, the fibrous dolomite veins show high viscosity contrasts with the shale matrix, essential in creating transient permeability for subsequent mineralising stages in the later synkinematic veins during progressive folding.

CT of the "Tegernsee Giant": juvenile gigantism and polyostotic fibrous dysplasia.

PubMed

Vogl, T J; Nerlich, A; Dresel, S H; Bergman, C

1994-01-01

We report the radiological findings in the unusual case of the Bavarian "Tegernsee Giant." With conventional radiography, CT, and histologic examination, we succeeded in diagnosing two disorders: The Tegernsee Giant suffered from (a) juvenile gigantism caused by a growth hormone-secreting tumor of the pituitary gland and (b) a polyostotic form of fibrous dysplasia of the skull and multiple bones particularly on the left side of the body.

Oblique propagation of solitary waves in weakly relativistic magnetized plasma with kappa distributed electrons in the presence of negative ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Salmanpoor, H.; Sharifian, M.; Gholipour, S.; Borhani Zarandi, M.; Shokri, B.

2018-03-01

The oblique propagation of nonlinear ion acoustic solitary waves (solitons) in magnetized collisionless and weakly relativistic plasma with positive and negative ions and super thermal electrons has been examined by using reduced perturbation method to obtain the Korteweg-de Vries equation that admits an obliquely propagating soliton solution. We have investigated the effects of plasma parameters like negative ion density, electrons temperature, angle between wave vector and magnetic field, ions velocity, and k (spectral index in kappa distribution) on the amplitude and width of solitary waves. It has been found out that four modes exist in our plasma model, but the analysis of the results showed that only two types of ion acoustic modes (fast and slow) exist in the plasma and in special cases only one mode could be propagated. The parameters of plasma for these two modes (or one mode) determine which one is rarefactive and which one is compressive. The main parameter is negative ions density (β) indicating which mode is compressive or rarefactive. The effects of the other plasma parameters on amplitude and width of the ion acoustic solitary waves have been studied. The main conclusion is that the effects of the plasma parameters on amplitude and width of the solitary wave strongly depend on the value of the negative ion density.

Management of hepatocellular adenoma: Solitary-uncomplicated, multiple and ruptured tumors

PubMed Central

Toso, Christian; Majno, Pietro; Andres, Axel; Rubbia-Brandt, Laura; Berney, Thierry; Buhler, Léo; Morel, Philippe; Mentha, Gilles

2005-01-01

AIM: While hepatocellular adenomas (HAs) have often been studied as a unique entity, we aimed to better define current management of the various forms of HAs. METHODS: Twenty-five consecutive patients operated for solitary-uncomplicated (9), multiple (6), and ruptured (10) HAs were reviewed according to management strategies and outcomes. RESULTS: All solitary-uncomplicated HAs (ranged 2.2-14 cm in size) were removed. Out of 25 HAs, 2 (8%) included foci of carcinoma. In the multiple HA group, previously undiagnosed tumors were identified during surgery in 5/6 cases. In three cases with multiple spread HA, several lesions had to be left unresected. They remained unmodified after 4-, 6-, and 6-year radiological follow-up. Patients with ruptured HA (ranged 1.7-10 cm in size) were initially managed with hemodynamic support and angiography, allowing the embolization of actively bleeding tumors in two patients. All ruptured tumors were subsequently removed 5.5 d (range 4-70 d) after admission. CONCLUSION: Tumors suspected of HA, regardless of the size, should be resected, because of high chances of rupture causing bleeding, and/or containing malignant foci. Although it is desirable to remove all lesions of multiple HA, this may not be possible in some patients, for whom long-term radiological follow-up is advised. Ruptured HA can be managed by hemodynamic support and angiography, allowing scheduled surgery. PMID:16237767