Cooperative Catalog Conversion Study. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peat, Marwick, Mitchell and Co., Washington, DC.

Cost estimates provided by cataloging vendors during January 1981 are analyzed to identify the costs of catalog conversion options and alternatives to the card catalog for six Minnesota regional library systems. Following an executive summary of the study is a discussion of its background, scope, objectives, data gathering methodology, and…

Processing, Properties and Arc Jet Testing of HfB2/SiC

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Sylvia M.; Beckman, Sarah; Irby, Edward; Ellerby, Don; Gasch, Matt; Gusman, Michael

2004-01-01

Contents include the following: Background on Ultra High Temperature Ceramics - UHTCs. Summary UNTC processing: power processing, scale-up. Preliminary material properties: mechanical, thermal. Arc jet testing: flat face models, cone models. Summary.

78 FR 48233 - Medicare Program; FY 2014 Hospice Wage Index and Payment Rate Update; Hospice Quality Reporting...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

... Contents I. Executive Summary A. Purpose B. Summary of the Major Provisions C. Summary of Costs, Benefits, and Transfers II. Background A. Hospice Care B. History of the Medicare Hospice Benefit C. Services... IV.C.3. We also update the FY 2014 hospice wage index with more current wage data, and the BNAF will...

Documentation in Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Arvid J.; Burke, Mary A.

After a summary of background knowledge useful in searching for information, the authors cover extensively the sources available to the researcher interested in locating educational data or conducting a search of bibliographic materials. They list reference books, dictionaries, almanacs, yearbooks, subject matter summaries; and sources for…

EPA State-level Summaries of FracFocus 1 Hydraulic Fracturing Data

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The EPA developed state-level summaries of chemical and water use using the project database developed from FracFocus 1.0 disclosures with some limited background information on oil and gas production, geology, and regulations for the state.

Alternative Models of Service, Centralized Braille Operations. Phase II Report. Volume I.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Technology Management Corp., Alexandria, VA.

A study was conducted to determine if the centralization of braille operations for the national free library program would be feasible, economical, and desirable. This report presents the findings of the study in three sections. Section 1 provides background information, a summary of the first phase of operations, and the study objective for phase…

The Classroom Strategy Study: Summary Report of General Findings. Research Series No. 187.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brophy, Jere; Rohrkemper, Mary

Described are the background, rationale, research design, data collection, analysis, and findings of the Classroom Strategy Study, an investigation of 98 elementary school teachers' general strategies for coping with problem students and their ways of dealing with typical problem behaviors associated with each of 12 types of problem students.…

DISSCO: direct imputation of summary statistics allowing covariates

PubMed Central

Xu, Zheng; Duan, Qing; Yan, Song; Chen, Wei; Li, Mingyao; Lange, Ethan; Li, Yun

2015-01-01

Background: Imputation of individual level genotypes at untyped markers using an external reference panel of genotyped or sequenced individuals has become standard practice in genetic association studies. Direct imputation of summary statistics can also be valuable, for example in meta-analyses where individual level genotype data are not available. Two methods (DIST and ImpG-Summary/LD), that assume a multivariate Gaussian distribution for the association summary statistics, have been proposed for imputing association summary statistics. However, both methods assume that the correlations between association summary statistics are the same as the correlations between the corresponding genotypes. This assumption can be violated in the presence of confounding covariates. Methods: We analytically show that in the absence of covariates, correlation among association summary statistics is indeed the same as that among the corresponding genotypes, thus serving as a theoretical justification for the recently proposed methods. We continue to prove that in the presence of covariates, correlation among association summary statistics becomes the partial correlation of the corresponding genotypes controlling for covariates. We therefore develop direct imputation of summary statistics allowing covariates (DISSCO). Results: We consider two real-life scenarios where the correlation and partial correlation likely make practical difference: (i) association studies in admixed populations; (ii) association studies in presence of other confounding covariate(s). Application of DISSCO to real datasets under both scenarios shows at least comparable, if not better, performance compared with existing correlation-based methods, particularly for lower frequency variants. For example, DISSCO can reduce the absolute deviation from the truth by 3.9–15.2% for variants with minor allele frequency <5%. Availability and implementation: http://www.unc.edu/∼yunmli/DISSCO. Contact: yunli@med.unc.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:25810429

Point Focusing Thermal and Electric Applications Project. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landis, K. E. (Editor)

1979-01-01

Background and objectives used for the Workshop for Potential Military and Civil Users for Small Solar Thermal Electric Power Technologies are discussed. A summary of the results and conclusions developed at the workshop regarding small solar thermal electric power technologies is included.

Products for Improving Educational Evaluation. Center for the Study of Evaluation. Fifth Annual Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alkin, Marvin C.

This publication provides background information on the functions and operations of the Center for the Study of Evaluation and reports on such center products as Insructional Objectives Exchange (IOX), CSE Elementary School Test Evaluations, and Evaluation Workshop I. Appendixes include: a summary of center accomplishments; a list of the center's…

Coping with Crisis: Teaching Students Managerial and Ethical Constraints.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barton, Laurence

1990-01-01

Describes a three-week section of a business communication course on the strategies of crisis communication. Provides background on the emergence of the field, a summary of several notable case studies for possible consideration, and suggestions on how crisis communication can be successfully integrated into the business communication curriculum.…

Effect of vehicle color and background visibility for improving safety on rural Kansas highways : [technical summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-06-01

The effect of vehicle color on crash involvement has been an interesting topic for several : decades; however, the effect of vehicle color on its visibility to drivers has not been : studied in detail, especially at rural intersections. There has bee...

Reading Attitudes of Texas High School Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bussert-Webb, Kathy; Zhang, Zhidong

2016-01-01

Through random sampling, we surveyed 2,568 high school students throughout Texas to determine their reading attitudes vis-à-vis individual and school background variables. Sources were the Rhody reading attitude scale and public domain campus summary data; the lenses of attitude theory and social justice informed this study. Significant…

Barriers to Cyber Information Sharing

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

3 C . BACKGROUND...ANALYSIS .....................................................................................................17 C . SUMMARY...25 B. LITERATURE SOURCES ...........................................................................25 C . INSTRUMENT

50 CFR 86.124 - What are the Comprehensive National Assessment products?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...: (a) A single report, including the following information: (1) A national summary of all the..., background, methodology, results, and findings. (6) Information on the following: (i) Boater trends, such as.... (b) Summary report abstracting important information from the final national report. And (c) A key...

50 CFR 86.124 - What are the Comprehensive National Assessment products?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...: (a) A single report, including the following information: (1) A national summary of all the..., background, methodology, results, and findings. (6) Information on the following: (i) Boater trends, such as.... (b) Summary report abstracting important information from the final national report. And (c) A key...

A qualitative meta-summary using Sandelowski and Barroso's method for integrating qualitative research to explore barriers and facilitators to self-care in heart failure patients.

PubMed

Herber, Oliver Rudolf; Bücker, Bettina; Metzendorf, Maria-Inti; Barroso, Julie

2017-12-01

Individual qualitative studies provide varied reasons for why heart failure patients do not engage in self-care, yet articles that aggregated primary studies on the subject have methodological weaknesses that justified the execution of a qualitative meta-summary. The aim of this study is to integrate the findings of qualitative studies pertaining to barriers and facilitators to self-care using meta-summary techniques. Qualitative meta-summary techniques by Sandelowski and Barroso were used to combine the findings of qualitative studies. Meta-summary techniques include: (1) extraction of relevant statements of findings from each report; (2) reduction of these statements into abstracted findings and (3) calculation of effect sizes. Databases were searched systematically for qualitative studies published between January 2010 and July 2015. Out of 2264 papers identified, 31 reports based on the accounts of 814 patients were included in the meta-summary. A total of 37 statements of findings provided a comprehensive inventory of findings across all reports. Out of these statements of findings, 21 were classified as barriers, 13 as facilitators and three were classed as both barriers and facilitators. The main themes relating to barriers and facilitators to self-care were: beliefs, benefits of self-care, comorbidities, financial constraints, symptom recognition, ethnic background, inconsistent self-care, insufficient information, positive and negative emotions, organizational context, past experiences, physical environment, self-initiative, self-care adverse effects, social context and personal preferences. Based on the meta-findings identified in this study, future intervention development could address these barriers and facilitators in order to further enhance self-care abilities in heart failure patients.

Interactive Videodisc Technology: Applications to the Air Command and Staff College Curriculum.

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

objectives )r Executive and NSC system Congress Military Intelligence community Media National environment Transcultural communications Global challenges...Cuban missile crisis REGIONAL STUDIES: USSR AND EUROPE Superpower global objectives The Soviet Union: background The Soviet political-economic system...summary National security affairs review The crisis game WARFARE STUDIES MILITARY HISTORY AND THEORY * - Overview to thinking about war Sun Tzu Great

An Evaluation of the Implementation of National Core Curricula in Australia. Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parkinson, Kevin J.; Broderick, John S.

As part of a study of the development and implementation of the National Core Curricula (NCC) in Australia, a historical background was prepared from a number of data sources and views on NCC were sought from senior Technical and Further Education (TAFE) officers in Australia. More specific information was sought in three case studies, the project…

Overseas Contingency Operations Funding: Background and Status

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-13

Coordinator Analyst in U.S. Defense Budget Policy June 13, 2016 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R44519 Overseas Contingency...Operations Funding: Background and Status Congressional Research Service Summary The Department of Defense (DOD) estimates that Congress has

Summary Report Education on Online Safety in Schools in Europe

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ranguelov, Stanislav

2010-01-01

Background: In Europe, Internet and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) open a world of possibilities for children, and expose them to various risks as well. The Safer Internet Programme promoted by the European Commission aims to protect young people online. Goal: The study seeks to identify how European national education systems…

NRCL-70, Review of the Activities of the Laboratories 1970.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa (Ontario).

Included are descriptions of activities of each of the 12 laboratories in the National Research Council of Canada, including background information and a summary of the studies (research) and results. The 12 laboratories in the NRCL are the following: Atlantic Regional Laboratory, Biochemistry Laboratory, Division of Biology, Division of Building…

Learning, Remembering, Believing. Enhancing Human Performance.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Druckman, Daniel, Ed.; Bjork, Robert A., Ed.

This book is the third report of the Committee on Techniques for the Enhancement of Human Performance. Based on hundreds of research studies of learning and human performance as reported in the literature, the book consists of 11 chapters organized in five parts. The two chapters of the first part provide the background and summary of the…

A Formal Theory of Perception. Technical Report No. 161.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rottmayer, William Arthur

An attempt to build a mathematical model of a device that could learn geometry is discussed. The report discusses the background and motivation of the study, the coding problem, the derivation of Suppes "Stimulus-Response Theory of Finite Automata" used in the work in learning theory, and a summary of the technical work. (DB)

New Jersey Graduated Work Incentive Experiment. Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathematica, Princeton, NJ.

The study is described as a carefully controlled field test of the effects on recipient families of eight different negative income tax or benefit formulas. The most striking finding was that observed changes in labor supply in response to the experimental payments were generally quite small. Chapter One, The Experiment: Background and Choices,…

GI Course Approvals.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orlans, Harold; And Others

The process by which institutions and courses are approved for veterans educational benefits is examined in this study mandated by Public Law 95-202. The legislative background of the investigation is described as well as the history of the Servicemen's Readjustment Act of 1944, the Korean Bill of 1952, and P.L. 94-502 of 1976. A summary guide to…

Extraterrestrial Life: Processes, Implications, and Applications.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Molyson, Joseph T.

Provided are background materials relating the study of extraterrestrial life to common biological principles. A history of the creation of the sun and earth is included, as well as a summary of one current theory regarding the origin of life on earth. Relationships are identified regarding possible origins of life on other planets. Factors…

External Degree Project. Summaries of Areas of Competency in Business Administration.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Syracuse Univ., NY. School of Management.

The School of Management at Syracuse University recently undertook the task of classifying the kinds of competency one should demonstrate in order to function effectively in positions within the field of Business Administration. The study is aimed at identifying the mix of technical skills, general ability, and background knowledge that fits…

Practitioner Review: Adolescent Alcohol Use Disorders--Assessment and Treatment Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perepletchikova, Francheska; Krystal, John H.; Kaufman, Joan

2008-01-01

Background: Alcohol use disorders in adolescents are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Over the past decade, there has been a burgeoning of research on adolescent alcohol use disorders. Methods: A summary of the alcohol assessment tools is provided, and randomized studies reviewed and synthesized to provide an overview of state…

Science Teacher Candidates' Perceptions about Roles and Nature of Scientific Models

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yenilmez Turkoglu, Ayse; Oztekin, Ceren

2016-01-01

Background: Scientific models have important roles in science and science education. For scientists, they provide a means for generating new knowledge or function as an accessible summary of scientific studies. In science education, on the other hand, they are accessible representations of abstract concepts, and are also organizational frameworks…

A SEASAT report. Volume 1: Program summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pounder, E. (Editor)

1980-01-01

The program background and experiment objectives are summarized, and a description of the organization and interfaces of the project are provided. The mission plan and history are also included as well as user activities and a brief description of the data system. A financial and manpower summary and preliminary results of the mission are also included.

Current State of Dental Education: Executive Summary.

PubMed

Formicola, Allan J

2017-08-01

This executive summary for Section 1 of the "Advancing Dental Education in the 21 st Century" project provides a composite picture of information from 12 background articles on the current state of dental education in the United States. The summary includes the following topics: the current status of the dental curriculum, the implications of student debt and dental school finances, the expansion of enrollment, student diversity, pre- and postdoctoral education, safety net status of dental school clinics, and trends in faculty.

PREDICTION METRICS FOR CHEMICAL DETECTION IN LONG-WAVE INFRARED HYPERSPECTRAL IMAGERY

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chilton, M.; Walsh, S.J.; Daly, D.S.

2009-01-01

Natural and man-made chemical processes generate gaseous plumes that may be detected by hyperspectral imaging, which produces a matrix of spectra affected by the chemical constituents of the plume, the atmosphere, the bounding background surface and instrument noise. A physics-based model of observed radiance shows that high chemical absorbance and low background emissivity result in a larger chemical signature. Using simulated hyperspectral imagery, this study investigated two metrics which exploited this relationship. The objective was to explore how well the chosen metrics predicted when a chemical would be more easily detected when comparing one background type to another. The twomore » predictor metrics correctly rank ordered the backgrounds for about 94% of the chemicals tested as compared to the background rank orders from Whitened Matched Filtering (a detection algorithm) of the simulated spectra. These results suggest that the metrics provide a reasonable summary of how the background emissivity and chemical absorbance interact to produce the at-sensor chemical signal. This study suggests that similarly effective predictors that account for more general physical conditions may be derived.« less

Draft Final Risk Assessment Lime Settling Basins. Version 2.1

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-25

TABLE OF CON "S Section Page EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ...................................... v 1.0 INTRODUCTION ..................................... 1 - 1 1.1...BACKGROUND AND RATIONALE ........................ 1 - 1 1.2 SUMMARY OF APPROACH ............................. 1 -3 1.3 REPORT FORMAT... 1 -4 2.0 SITE DESCRIPTION AND HISTORY ......................... 2- 1 3.0 PREFERRED ALTERNATIVE INTERIM ACTION TECHNOLOGY ..... 3- 1 4.0

75 FR 6813 - Approval of Air Quality Implementation Plans; New Mexico; Albuquerque/Bernalillo County

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-02-11

...). ACTION: Direct final rule. SUMMARY: The EPA is approving revisions to the State Implementation Plan (SIP.... Background III. Summary of Changes to the New Mexico SIP IV. Final Action V. Statutory and Executive Order Reviews I. What Action Is EPA Taking? Today we are approving revisions to the New Mexico SIP, submitted by...

Black Perspectives on FE Provision. A Summary Document. Further Education Unit.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Further Education Unit, London (England).

This summary report provides information on two surveys of views of the local black communities and Further Education (FE) teachers regarding FE provision. Part I offers background. Part II highlights these common themes: (1) the context is one of a black population exposed to acute economic and social disadvantage; (2) a serious information gap…

Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey: Summary of projects, 1978-84

USGS Publications Warehouse

Sun, Ren Jen

1986-01-01

The Regional Aquifer-System Analysis Program of the U.S. Geological Survey was initiated in 1978 as a result of specifications of the appropriations bill of the 95th Congress, prompted by the 1977 drought. The purpose of this program is to define the regional hydrology and geology and to establish a framework of background information of geology, hydrology, and geochemistry of the Nation's important aquifer systems. This information is critically needed to develop an understanding of ground-water flow systems, and to support better ground-water resources management.As of 1984, investigations of seven regional aquifer systems were completed, nine regional aquifer systems were still being studied, and three new studies were started. This report summarizes the status of each investigation of the regional aquifer systems under the program from 1978 through 1984. The nature of the summaries differs somewhat from study to study. For those studies which either have been completed or are near completion, summaries of results are presented. For projects that are not near completion or have just been started, discussions may be brief and focus on problem issues or hydrogeologic conditions All reports resulting from the study as of 1984 are listed at the end of each summary. A list of project chiefs and their offices is also included in the report for those who are interested in obtaining additional information.

A Planning Study for a Cooperative State-Wide Orientation and Mobility Program for the Blind in Oregon. Project Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Multnomah County Intermediate Education District, Portland, OR.

An introduction on blindness is followed by a summary of the initial planning grant proposal for cooperative statewide orientation and mobility program for blind children. Background, development, and utilization of mobility-orientation training are discussed in conjunction with educational programs, guide dogs, canes, mobility readiness,…

Historic Buildings and Modern Technology: The California State Library Remodels for Automation--A Case Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hudson, Kathy

1987-01-01

Provides background on the California State Library, a description of the Library and Courts Building, and a summary of automation objectives. Concerns in renovation to accommodate a modern library are then discussed: (1) environment; (2) electrical and telephone circuitry; (3) data and voice communications; (4) physical factors; and (5)…

Using meta-regression models to systematically evaluate data in the published literature: relative contributions of agricultural drift, para-occupational, and residential use exposure pathways to house dust pesticide concentrations

EPA Science Inventory

Background: Data reported in the published literature have been used qualitatively to aid exposure assessment activities in epidemiologic studies. Analyzing these data in computational models presents statistical challenges because these data are often reported as summary statist...

Patient Satisfaction Survey 1989-1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-07-01

Health Association of America (GHAA) Consumer Satisfaction Survey. Patient Satisfaction Surveys were mailed to 9,000 eligible beneficiaries at 37 Army...SATISFACTION SURVEY Background The patient satisfaction survey tasking came from Headquarters, Health Services Command requesting the GHAA Consumer ...UNITED STATES ARMY HEALTH CARE STUDIES AND CLINICAL INVESTIGATION ACTIVITY /TiC Ii PATIENT SATISFACTION SURVEY 1989-1990 (V) !EXECUTIVE SUMMARY o A

THE DEVELOPMENT OF A WORK ORIENTATION PROGRAM FOR HOME ECONOMICS RELATED OCCUPATIONS, 1964-1966.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

FETTERMAN, ELSIE

THE PURPOSE OF THIS STUDY, WHICH IS A SUMMARY OF A DOCTORAL DISSERTATION, WAS TO DEVELOP A WORK ORIENTATION PROGRAM FOR HOME ECONOMICS-RELATED OCCUPATIONS IN CONNECTICUT. QUESTIONNAIRES WERE SENT TO 43 TEACHERS OF SUCH PROGRAMS IN THE UNITED STATES AND ALL RESPONDED, GIVING INFORMATION ABOUT THEIR OBJECTIVES, COURSES, TEACHERS' BACKGROUNDS,…

Clinical Trial Results Summary for Laypersons: A User Testing Study.

PubMed

Raynor, D K; Myers, L; Blackwell, K; Kress, B; Dubost, A; Joos, A

2018-01-01

To apply "user testing" to maximize readability and acceptability of a Clinical Trial Results Laypersons Summary-a new European requirement. "User testing" (using questionnaire and semistructured interview) assessed whether people could find and understand key points. Findings were used to improve content and design, prior to retesting. Participants had a range of levels of health literacy and there was a higher education group. Participants accessed the summary on screen. In round 1 we tested 12 points of information. In round 2 a revised summary addressing round 1 findings was tested, leading to a third final version. In round 1, 2 of 12 points of information did not reach the target and interviews raised further format and content issues (some distracting technical explanations and inability to find or understand the 2 main study purposes). These findings informed revisions for the version tested in round 2, with 2 different points not reaching the target (inclusion criteria relating to duration of seasonal allergies and how researchers found out about participants' symptoms). Identified problems in both rounds were addressed and reflected in the final version. Despite improvements, participants did not consistently understand that summaries were intended for the public, or to only interpret results of single trials in the context of additional trials. All readers, including those with higher education, found the clear and straightforward language acceptable. Applying "user testing" resulted in a largely health-literate summary suitable for people across a range of backgrounds.

College-Bound Seniors, 1972-73.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Entrance Examination Board, New York, NY.

Comprehensive records of all 1972-73 high school seniors who registered for the College Entrance Examination Board's Admissions Testing Program (ATP) before May of their senior year are analyzed in this national ATP summary report. Information is provided on the participant's ethnic background, high school grades, educational background,…

College-Bound Seniors, 1971-72.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

College Entrance Examination Board, New York, NY.

Comprehensive records of all 1971-72 high school seniors who registered for the College Board's Admissions Testing Program (ATP) before May of their senior year are analyzed in this national ATP summary report. Data tables provide information on the participants' ethnic background, high school grades, educational background, self-reported class…

A Laboratory Study Investigating the Feasibility of Applying Calcite-Type Coatings to Segregated Ballast Tanks

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-08-01

A LABORATORY STUDY INVESTIGATIING THE FEASIBILITY OF APPLYING CALCITE -TYPE COATINGS TO SEGREGATED BALLAST TANKS AUGUST, 1981 Prepared by: Ocean City...Laboratory Study Investigating The Feasibility of Applying Calcite -Type Coatings to Segregated Ballast Tanks 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c...Executive Summary List of Figures I. Conclusions II. Introduction III. Background-The Development and Use of Calcite -Type Coatings IV. Experimental

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-10

Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV): Background and Issues for Congress Andrew Feickert Specialist in Military Ground Forces January 10, 2017......Congressional Research Service Summary The Joint Light Tactical Vehicle (JLTV) is being developed by the Army and the Marine Corps as a successor to the High

Monte Carlo Algorithms for a Bayesian Analysis of the Cosmic Microwave Background

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jewell, Jeffrey B.; Eriksen, H. K.; ODwyer, I. J.; Wandelt, B. D.; Gorski, K.; Knox, L.; Chu, M.

2006-01-01

A viewgraph presentation on the review of Bayesian approach to Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) analysis, numerical implementation with Gibbs sampling, a summary of application to WMAP I and work in progress with generalizations to polarization, foregrounds, asymmetric beams, and 1/f noise is given.

Mobile radio alternative systems study, executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Anderson, R. E.; Cromwell, N.; Lester, H. L.

1983-01-01

Present day mobile communication technologies, systems and equipment are described from background in evaluating the concepts generated in the study. Average propagation ranges are calculated for terrestrial installations in each of seven physiographic areas of the contiguous states to determine the number of installations that would be required for nationwide coverage. Four system concepts are defined and analyzed to determine how well terrestrial systems can fulfill the requirements at acceptable costs.

Leonid predictions for the period 2001-2100

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maslov, Mikhail

2007-02-01

This article provides a set of summaries of what to expect from the Leonid meteor shower for each year of the period 2001-2100. Each summary contains the moments of maximum/maxima, their expected intensity and some comments about average meteor brightness during them. Special attention was paid to background (traditional) maxima, which are characterized with their expected times and intensities.

Primary Health Care. Report of the International Conference on Primary Health Care, Alma-Ata, USSR, 6-12 September 1978.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

World Health Organization, Geneva (Switzerland).

A summary of proceedings is presented from an international conference which focused on the needs and problems of primary health care. The report describes background of the conference, attendance, a summary of discussions, and recommendations. Sponsored by the World Health Organization and UNICEF, the conference was attended by delegations from…

Report of a Planning Conference for Solar Technology Information Transfer in Georgia (Atlanta, Georgia, July 24-25, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aldridge, Mark C., Ed.

A summary of the deliberations of the Georgia planning conference of the Solar Technology Transfer Program is presented in this report. Topic areas include background information on the Georgia conference and a summary of the discussions and recommendations dealing with solar information transfer within state systems and the need for greater…

Reflections on Recruiting, Supporting, Retaining, Graduating, and Obtaining Employment for Doctoral Students from Diverse Backgrounds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dieker, Lisa; Wienke, Wilfred; Straub, Carrie; Finnegan, Lisa

2014-01-01

In this article, the authors provide a summary of the current techniques being used to recruit, retain, and support a diverse range of scholars, including students with disabilities, in a doctoral program. The manuscript provides a summary of the current need for leadership personnel who are scholars with knowledge in special education, general…

Pre-School Education--Aims, Methods and Problems. Report of a Symposium (Venice, Italy, October 11-16, 1971).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council of Europe, Strasbourg (France). Committee for General and Technical Education.

This report provides a summary of the proceedings and recommendations of the Council of Europe symposium on preschool education held in Venice, Italy in 1971. The report is divided into three major areas: (1) historical background information; (2) summaries of general lectures, especially dealing with the functions, aims, methods, and problems of…

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory seismic data, January to December 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.

2006-01-01

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that most data for events of M-1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 86 (the introduction of CUSP at HVO) includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. Beginning with 2004, summaries will simply be identified by the year, rather than Summary number. The present summary includes background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered. A report by Klein and Koyanagi (1980) tabulates instrumentation, calibration, and recording history of each seismic station in the network. It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase data and includes and augments the information in the station table in this summary.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Seismic Data, January to December 2006

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer

2007-01-01

Introduction The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that most data for events of M>1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 86 (the introduction of CUSP at HVO) includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. Beginning with 2004, summaries are simply identified by the year, rather than Summary number. The present summary includes background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered. A report by Klein and Koyanagi (1980) tabulates instrumentation, calibration, and recording history of each seismic station in the network. It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase data and includes and augments the information in the station table in this summary.

Characteristic Reading Problems of Adult Illiterates. Report Number 3. Summary Reports of Paths to Literacy and Illiteracy in Newfoundland and Labrador.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beebe, Mona

A study examined the reading problems of adults in Newfoundland (Canada) with low reading ability. It explored the genesis of these problems through a retrospective analysis of their lives as school children; and determined the relationship between literacy development and personal background factors, school factors, physiological factors, and…

18 CFR 347.1 - Material to support request for newly established or changed property account depreciation studies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... will protect individual shippers. (1) A brief summary relating to the general principles on which the proposed depreciation rates are based (e.g., why the economic life of the pipeline section is less then the... a physical basis and on an economic basis. (5) The following specific background data must be...

Expressed Satisfaction with the Nominal Group Technique among Change Agents. A Summary Report of Research. Departmental Information Bulletin 86-1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gresham, Jon N.

A study examined the different degrees of satisfaction with the nominal group technique (NGT) felt by policymakers and change agents with differing professional backgrounds and responsibilities who participated in nominal groups. A total of 206 participants at four conferences at Texas A&M University (international food and water policy, Texas…

The Nature and Extent of Lead Poisoning in Children in the United States: A Report to Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (DHHS/PHS), Atlanta, GA.

This national study on lead poisoning in children is organized in three parts. Part 1 provides an executive summary. Part 2 presents background information, an overview, findings, and conclusions. Part 3, which constitutes the bulk of the report, discusses terms, issues, and findings concerning lead metabolism, its relationship to lead exposure…

Quality of medication information in discharge summaries from hospitals: an audit of electronic patient records.

PubMed

Garcia, Beate Hennie; Djønne, Berit Svendsen; Skjold, Frode; Mellingen, Ellen Marie; Aag, Trine Iversen

2017-12-01

Background Low quality of medication information in discharge summaries from hospitals may jeopardize optimal therapy and put the patient at risk for medication errors and adverse drug events. Objective To audit the quality of medication information in discharge summaries and explore factors associated with the quality. Setting Helgelandssykehuset Mo i Rana, a rural hospital in central Norway. Method For each month in 2013, we randomly selected 60 discharge summaries from the Department of Medicine and Surgery (totally 720) and evaluated the medication information using eight Norwegian quality criteria. Main outcome measure Mean score per discharge summary ranging from 0 (lowest quality) to 16 (highest quality). Results Mean score per discharge summary was 7.4 (SD 2.8; range 0-14), significantly higher when evaluating medications used regularly compared to mediations used as needed (7.80 vs. 6.52; p < 0.001). Lowest score was achieved for quality criteria concerning generic names, indications for medication use, reasons why changes had been made and information about the source for information. Factors associated with increased quality scores are increasing numbers of medications and male patients. Increasing age seemed to be associated with a reduced score, while type of department was not associated with the quality. Conclusion In discharge summaries from 2013, we identified a low quality of medication information in accordance with the Norwegian quality criteria. Actions for improvement are necessary and follow-up studies to monitor quality are needed.

Navy DDG-51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-12-17

Navy DDG- 51 and DDG-1000 Destroyer Programs: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist in Naval Affairs December 17......Congressional Research Service Summary The Navy has been procuring Arleigh Burke (DDG- 51 ) class Aegis destroyers since FY1985. The two DDG- 51 class

Annual Data Summary for 1986 CERC (Coastal Engineering Research Center) Field Research Facility. Volume 1. Main Text and Appendix A

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-01

Waterways Experiment Station, Corps of Engineers PO Box 631, Vicksburg, Mississippi 39180-0631 DTI ~;~c~v ~ jAUG 291988 : H Ke August 1988 Final Report...PART I: INTRODUCTION ................................................ 3 Background ........................................................ 3...Information Service, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, VA. 22161. 2 ANNUAL DATA SUMMARY FOR 1986 CERC FIELD RESEARCH FACILITY PART I: INTRODUCTION

Vocational Education and Training in Distribution. A Summary Report Analysing Vocational Education and Training (VET) in the Distributive Industry.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Further Education Unit, London (England).

This summary of a larger report on the education and training needs of the distributive industry in England is intended to stimulate and assist the further education (FE) system in the provision and marketing of more education/training for the industry. Following a brief background to the project, the structure of, developments in, and major…

Assessment of Quality of Life in a Cohort of Newly Diagnosed Patients on HAART Regimen, in Resource Restricted Tribal Region of Chhattisgarh, India: A Prospective Study

PubMed Central

Singh, Harminder; Kaur, Kamalpreet; Dulhani, Navin; Bansal, Akash; Kumar, Bithika N.; Chouhan, Vinod Kumar Singh

2013-01-01

Background: Highly active antiretroviral therapy regimens have resulted in the systemic/clinical healing for human immune deficiency virus-infected patients but the consequence of antiretroviral therapy on the whole quality of life has become a major concern. The current study correlates the relationship of quality of life with successful highly active antiretroviral therapy. Aim: To determine the health-related quality of life in human immune deficiency virus-infected patients on highly active anti-retroviral therapy regimen in tribal region of Chhattisgarh. Design: An open label prospective study. Materials and Methods: Health-related quality of life was assessed using a standardized questionnaire, the Medical Outcomes Survey Short Form 36. Physical health summary scores and mental health summary scores were compared of pre-Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (at baseline) and post 12 months of therapy. Results: The increase in CD4 cell counts was extremely significant (P < 0.0001). The Physical Composite Summary (P value = 0.0003) improved significantly, whereas the Mental Composite Summary (with a baseline value of 40.7), post 12 months, was calculated as 42.8 (P value = 0.2371) and was statistically not significant. Conclusion: Efficacy measurement is the key ingredient of highly active anti-retroviral therapy, which must also include assessment of health-related quality of life to maximize the holistic approach towards disease. PMID:24049364

"Is all the stuff about neurons necessary?" The development of lay summaries to disseminate findings from the Newcastle Cognitive Function after Stroke (COGFAST) study.

PubMed

Barnfield, Sarah; Pitts, Alison Clara; Kalaria, Raj; Allan, Louise; Tullo, Ellen

2017-01-01

Why did we do this study? It can be difficult for scientists to communicate their research findings to the public. This is partly due to the complexity of translating scientific language into words that the public understand. Further, it may be hard for the public to find out about and locate information about research studies. We aimed to adapt some scientific articles about the links between dementia and stroke into lay summaries to be displayed online for the general public. How did we do it? We collaborated with five people from a volunteer organisation, VOICENorth. They took part in two group discussions about studies reporting on the link between dementia and stroke, and selected four studies to translate into lay summaries and display on a website. We discussed the layout and language of the summaries and made adaptations to make them more understandable to the general public. What did we find? We were able to work with members of the public to translate research findings into lay summaries suitable for a general audience. We made changes to language and layout including the use of 'question and answer' style layouts, the addition of a reference list of scientific terms, and removing certain words. What does this mean? Working with members of the public is a realistic way to create resources that improve the accessibility of research findings to the wider public. Background Scientific research is often poorly understood by the general public and difficult for them to access. This presents a major barrier to disseminating and translating research findings. Stroke and dementia are both major public health issues, and research has shown lifestyle measures help to prevent them. This project aimed to select a series of studies from the Newcastle Cognitive Function after Stroke cohort (COGFAST) and create lay summaries comprehensible and accessible to the public. Methods We used a focus group format to collaborate with five members of the public to review COGFAST studies, prioritise those of most interest to the wider public, and modify the language and layout of the selected lay summaries. Focus groups were audio-taped and the team used the data to make iterative amendments, as suggested by members of the public, to the summaries and to a research website. We calculated the Flesch reading ease and Flesch-Kincaid grade level for each summary before and after the changes were made. Results In total, we worked with five members of the public in two focus groups to examine draft lay summaries, created by researchers, relating to eight COGFAST studies. Members of the public prioritised four COGFAST lay summaries according to the importance of the topic to the general public. We made a series of revisions to the summaries including the use of 'question and answer' style layouts, the addition of a glossary, and the exclusion of scientific jargon. Group discussion highlighted that lay summaries should be engaging, concise and comprehensible. We incorporated suggestions from members of the public into the design of a study website to display the summaries. The application of existing quantitative tools to estimate readability resulted in an apparently paradoxical increase in complexity of the lay summaries following the changes made. Conclusion This study supports previous literature demonstrating challenges in creating generic guidelines for researchers to create lay summaries. Existing quantitative metrics to assess readability may be inappropriate for assessing scientific lay summaries. We have shown it is feasible and successful to involve members of the public to create lay summaries to communicate the findings of complex scientific research. Trial registration Not applicable to the lay summary project.

Information 2000. Library and Information Services for the 21st Century. Summary Report of the White House Conference on Library and Information Services (2nd, Washington, D.C., July 9-13, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White House Conference on Library and Information Services.

This summary report addresses the information needs of American citizens, institutions, schools, industry, and government within the context of three themes: literacy, democracy, and productivity. The report includes a preamble, which provides background information on the conference; discussions of the challenges posed by the Information Age in…

Contexts of Congressional Decision Behavior

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-01-01

type, issue dimension measured, and data source. This research design al:o employed controls for member backgrounds and constituency characteristics...34 Contextual Theory . . 15 1. The Integration of Contending Models of the Legislative Process ............ 15 2. The Transcendence of "Static" Research Designs ...Issue.Characteristics . . ........ 1713 3. Communications Controlled by Background and Constituency Factors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .18:3 0. Summary and

[Background and characteristics of migration to urban areas in Java].

PubMed

Kawamoto, I

1985-06-01

A review of urbanization trends in Java, Indonesia, is presented, with the focus on the background and characteristics of migrants to urban areas. Comparisons are made between the characteristics of laborers in the informal sector (housemaids) and those of factory workers, and between migrants from rural areas and those from other urban areas. (summary in ENG)

Team Nutrition's Teacher Handbook: Tips, Tools, and Jewels for Busy Educators.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shepherd, Sandra K.; Whitehead, Constance S.

This teacher support manual helps elementary educators teach proper nutrition to students in pre-K through grade 5. It provides a summary of all the background and tools teachers will need to do what they want with the Team Nutrition/Scholastic curricula. There is brief background information on nutrition basics; step-by-step instructions for…

76 FR 4454 - Privacy Act of 1974; Report of Modified or Altered System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-25

... Federal agencies and Department contractors that have a need to know the information for the purpose of.../NIOSH.'' The purpose of this system is to develop composite data summaries to support the development of... Records Narrative Statement I. Background and Purpose of the System A. Background The Department of Health...

Telling the Technology Story: PR Strategies for School Leaders. Backgrounder Brief. CoSN Essential Leadership Skills Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Consortium for School Networking (NJ1), 2006

2006-01-01

This Backgrounder Brief is an executive summary of "Telling the Technology Story: PR Strategies for School Leaders," a component of the Consortium for School Networking (CoSN) Essential Leadership Skills Series. Public relations is a critical component of a district's successful technology implementation--and it involves communicating on an…

76 FR 33589 - Standards Improvement Project-Phase III

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-08

... rule: I. Background A. Introduction B. Regulatory History II. Legal Considerations III. Summary and... without diminishing worker protections. B. Regulatory History The Standards Improvement Project (SIP...

High-Fidelity Simulation in Biomedical and Aerospace Engineering

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kwak, Dochan

2005-01-01

Contents include the following: Introduction / Background. Modeling and Simulation Challenges in Aerospace Engineering. Modeling and Simulation Challenges in Biomedical Engineering. Digital Astronaut. Project Columbia. Summary and Discussion.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Seismic Data, January to December 2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.; Okubo, Paul G.

2008-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data and is complete in that most data for events of M=1.5 are included. All latitude and longitude references in this report are stated in Old Hawaiian Datum. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data necessitated an annual publication, beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Beginning in 2004, summaries are simply identified by the year, rather than by summary number. Summaries originally issued as administrative reports were republished in 2007 as Open-File Reports. All the summaries since 1956 are listed at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/ (last accessed September 30, 2008). In January 1986, HVO adopted CUSP (California Institute of Technology USGS Seismic Processing). Summary 86 includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes background information about the seismic network to provide the end user an understanding of the processing parameters and how the data were gathered. A report by Klein and Koyanagi (1980) tabulates instrumentation, calibration, and recording history of each seismic station in the network. It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase data and includes and augments the information in the station table in this summary.

Adaptation to prolonged bedrest in man: A compendium of research. [bibliographies on clinical medicine and human pathology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenleaf, J. E.; Greenleaf, C. J.; Vanderveer, D.; Dorchak, K. J.

1976-01-01

A compilation of major studies that describe the clinical observations and elucidate the physiological mechanisms of the adaptive process of man undergoing prolonged bed rest is presented. Additional studies are included that provide background information in the form of reviews or summaries of the process. Wherever possible a detailed annotation is provided under the subheadings: (1) purpose, (2) procedure and methods, (3) results, and (4) conclusions. Additional references are provided in a selected bibliography.

Frontal Polymerization in Microgravity Summary of Research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pojman, John A.

2002-01-01

The project began with frontal polymerization (FP). We studied many aspects of FP on the ground and performed two successful weeks of flying on the KC-135. The project evolved into the current flight investigation, Transient Interfacial Phenomena in Miscible Polymer Systems (TIPMPS), as we recognized that an essential question could best be studied using a non-frontal approach. We present detailed results from our ground-based work on FP, KC-135 results and the background, justification and numerical work for the TIPMPS project.

Omission of Dysphagia Therapies in Hospital Discharge Communications

PubMed Central

Kind, Amy; Anderson, Paul; Hind, Jacqueline; Robbins, JoAnne; Smith, Maureen

2009-01-01

Background Despite the wide implementation of dysphagia therapies, it is unclear whether these therapies are successfully communicated beyond the inpatient setting. Objective To examine the rate of dysphagia recommendation omissions in hospital discharge summaries for high-risk sub-acute care (i.e., skilled nursing facility, rehabilitation, long-term care) populations. Design Retrospective cohort study Subjects All stroke and hip fracture patients billed for inpatient dysphagia evaluations by speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and discharged to sub-acute care in 2003-2005 from a single large academic medical center (N=187). Measurements Dysphagia recommendations from final SLP hospital notes and from hospital (physician) discharge summaries were abstracted, coded, and compared for each patient. Recommendation categories included: dietary (food and liquid), postural/compensatory techniques (e.g., chin-tuck), rehabilitation (e.g., exercise), meal pacing (e.g., small bites), medication delivery (e.g., crush pills), and provider/supervision (e.g., 1-to-1 assist). Results 45% of discharge summaries omitted all SLP dysphagia recommendations. 47%(88/186) of patients with SLP dietary recommendations, 82%(93/114) with postural, 100%(16/16) with rehabilitation, 90%(69/77) with meal pacing, 95%(21/22) with medication, and 79%(96/122) with provider/supervision recommendations had these recommendations completely omitted from their discharge summaries. Conclusions Discharge summaries omitted all categories of SLP recommendations at notably high rates. Improved post-hospital communication strategies are needed for discharges to sub-acute care. PMID:20098999

Better Mental Component of Quality of Life in Amputee

PubMed Central

Karami, GR; Ahmadi, Kh; Nejati, V; Masumi, M

2012-01-01

Background: Assessment of quality of life can promote health services. The purpose of this study was evaluation of health related quality of life in lower limbs amputee veterans of Iran. Methods: In the present cross sectional study, we compared 38 lower limbs amputee veterans with 50 normal healthy subjects with SF36 questioner in face-to-face interview. Results: Amputees had significantly lower grade than normal subject did in role physical (P < 0.01) and were better than normal subjects in vitality (P < 0.001) and mental health (P < 0.01). As a whole, amputees have higher in mental summary component of quality of life (P < 0.05) and lower in physical component of quality of life (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Diminishing the demand and improving social support of amputee veterans might be considered as high grade in mental summary component of their quality of life. PMID:23113210

Particle and flow field holography: A critical survey

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Trolinger, James D.

1987-01-01

A brief background is provided for the fields of particle and flow visualization holography. A summary of methods currently in use is given, followed by a discussion of more recent and unique applications. The problem of data reduction is discussed. A state of the art summary is then provided with a prognosis of the future of the field. Particle and flow visualization holography are characterized as powerful tools currently in wide use and with significant untapped potential.

Adolescent Health. Volume II: Background and the Effectiveness of Selected Prevention and Treatment Services [and] Indexes to Volumes I, II, and III.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Office of Technology Assessment.

This document, the second of three volumes in the U.S. Congress Office of Technology Assessment's "Adolescent Health" series, provides background information on aspects of adolescents' lives and examines the effectiveness of prevention and treatment interventions. Chapter 1, an introduction to this two-part document, provides a summary of the…

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-03

Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles: Background and Issues Amy F. Woolf Specialist in Nuclear Weapons Policy...February 3, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R41464 Conventional Prompt Global Strike and Long-Range Ballistic Missiles...Congressional Research Service Summary Conventional prompt global strike (CPGS) weapons would allow the United States to strike targets anywhere

Dioxin Exposure Initiative

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The Dioxin Exposure Initiative (DEI) is no longer active. This page contains a summary of the dioxin exposure initiative with illustrations, contact and background information.Originally supported by scientist Matthew Lorber, who retired in Mar 2017.

Proceedings of the SMRM Degradation Study Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

The proceedings of the Solar Maximum Repair Mission Degradation Study Workshop, held at the Goddard Space Flight Center in Greenbelt, Maryland on May 9 to 10, 1985 are contained. The results of tests and studies of the returned Solar Maximum Mission hardware and materials are reported. Specifically, the workshop was concerned with the effects of four years' exposure to a low-Earth orbit environment. To provide a background for the reported findings, the summary includes a short description of the Solar Maximum Mission and the Solar Maximum Repair Mission.

User Experiences of the McMaster Optimal Aging Portal’s Evidence Summaries and Blog Posts: Usability Study

PubMed Central

M Barbara, Angela; Dobbins, Maureen; Haynes, R Brian; Iorio, Alfonso; Lavis, John N

2016-01-01

Background Evidence summaries and blogs can support evidence-informed healthy aging, by presenting high-quality health research evidence in plain language for a nonprofessional (citizen) audience. Objective Our objective was to explore citizens’ perceptions about the usability of evidence summaries and blog posts on the Web-based McMaster Optimal Aging Portal. Methods Twenty-two citizens (aged 50 years and older) and informal caregivers participated in a qualitative study using a think-aloud method and semistructured interviews. Eleven interviews were conducted in person, 7 over the telephone, and 4 by Skype. Results We identified themes that fell under 4 user-experience categories: (1) desirability: personal relevance, (2) understandability: language comprehension, grasping the message, dealing with uncertainty, (3) usability: volume of information, use of numbers, and (4) usefulness: intention to use, facility for sharing. Conclusions Participants recognized that high-quality evidence on aging was valuable. Their intended use of the information was influenced by how much it applied to their own health circumstances or those of a loved one. Some specific formatting features that were preferred included consistent layout, content organized by subheadings, catchy titles, numerical information summarized in a table, and inclusion of a glossary. PMID:27542995

Crustal structure of the coastal and marine San Francisco Bay region, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Parsons, Tom

2002-01-01

In summary, these studies were carried out in an environment where background information on faults in the San Francisco Bay region was sought. Much of the structural information presented here comes from experiments of a style unlikely to be conducted by the USGS in the near future. Together, the chapters in this volume provide a structural framework for a major part of a complex strike-slip fault system.

The SED in the 1980’s -- New Program and Statutes for the Party

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-08-17

cit., p 294. 85. Protocol, Vol 1, p 40. 86. " Scientific Communism," loc. cit., p 295. 87. Zatsepilin, V.G., "Sorevnovaniye dvukh mirovykh sistem ...Covered 14. 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstracts The report contains an analysis by the West German Federal Institute for Eastern Scientific ...for Eastern Scientific and International Studies] CONTENTS PAGE Summary -*- I. Historical Background 5 II. Discussion of Party Documents 6 1

I Am Right, You Are Wrong: How Biased Assimilation Increases the Perceived Gap between Believers and Skeptics of Violent Video Game Effects

PubMed Central

Greitemeyer, Tobias

2014-01-01

Background Despite hundreds of studies, there is continuing debate about the extent to which violent video games increase aggression. Believers argue that playing violent video games increases aggression, but this stance is disputed by skeptics. The present study addressed believers' and skeptics' responses to summaries of scientific studies that do or do not present evidence for increased aggression after violent video game play. Methods/Principal Findings Participants (N = 662) indicated whether they believed that violent video games increase aggression. Afterwards, they evaluated two opposing summaries of fictitious studies on the effects of violent video play. They also reported whether their initial belief had changed after reading the two summaries and indicated again whether they believed that violent video games increase aggression. Results showed that believers evaluated the study showing an effect more favorably than a study showing no effect, whereas the opposite was observed for skeptics. Moreover, both believers and skeptics reported to become more convinced of their initial view. In contrast, for actual attitude change, a depolarization effect was found. Conclusions/Significance These results suggest that biased assimilation of new information leads believers and skeptics to become more rather than less certain of their views. Hence, even when confronted with mixed and inconclusive evidence, the perceived gap between both sides of the argument increases. PMID:24722467

Wireless Applications for Structural Monitoring of Inflatable Habitats

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Miller, Glenn J.

2007-01-01

A viewgraph presentation on wireless applications for structural health monitoring of inflatable space structures is shown. The topics include: 1) Background; 2) REquirements; 3) Implementation; and 4) strucutral health monitoring system summary.

Current On-Campus Attitudes toward Energy Usage, Efficiency, and Emerging Technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lennon, Liz; Sintov, Nicole; Orosz, Michael

Context & Background for Energy Survey Methods & Survey Overview Respondent Demographics Results Demand Response Current Environmental Comfort Perceptions Smart Meters Perceived Smart Meter Benefits Motivators of Energy Efficient Practices Summary & Implications

Assistive Awareness in Smart Grids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bourazeri, Aikaterini; Almajano, Pablo; Rodriguez, Inmaculada; Lopez-Sanchez, Maite

The following sections are included: * Introduction * Background * The User-Infrastructure Interface * User Engagement through Assistive Awareness * Research Impact * Serious Games for Smart Grids * Serious Game Technology * Game scenario * Game mechanics * Related Work * Summary and Conclusions

Hawaiian volcano observatory summary 103; Part I, seismic data, January to December 2003

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.; Heliker, C.; Orr, T.; Hoblitt, R.

2004-01-01

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year and a chronological narrative describing the volcanic events. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that most data for events of M= 1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The emphasis in collection of tilt and deformation data has shifted from quarterly measurements at a few water-tube tilt stations ('wet' tilt) to a larger number of continuously recording borehole tiltmeters, repeated measurements at numerous spirit-level tilt stations ('dry' tilt), and surveying of level and trilateration networks. Because of the large quantity of deformation data now gathered and differing schedules of data reduction, the seismic and deformation summaries are published separately. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 86 (the introduction of CUSP at HVO) includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 100; Part 1, seismic data, January to December 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.

2001-01-01

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year and a chronological narrative describing the volcanic events. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that all data for events of M≥1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The emphasis in collection of tilt and deformation data has shifted from quarterly measurements at a few water-tube tilt stations (“wet” tilt) to a larger number of continuously recording borehole tiltmeters, repeated measurements at numerous spirit-level tilt stations (“dry” tilt), and surveying of level and trilateration networks. Because of the large quantity of deformation data now gathered and differing schedules of data reduction, the seismic and deformation summaries are published separately. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 86 (the introduction of CUSP at HVO) includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes enough background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory summary 101: Part 1, seismic data, January to December 2001

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.; Chronological summary by Heliker, C.

2002-01-01

The Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year and a chronological narrative describing the volcanic events. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data. It is complete in the sense that all data for events of M>1.5 routinely gathered by the Observatory are included. The emphasis in collection of tilt and deformation data has shifted from quarterly measurements at a few water-tube tilt stations ("wet" tilt) to a larger number of continuously recording borehole tiltmeters, repeated measurements at numerous spirit-level tilt stations ("dry" tilt), and surveying of level and trilateration networks. Because of the large quantity of deformation data now gathered and differing schedules of data reduction, the seismic and deformation summaries are published separately. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data dictated an annual publication beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Summary 86 (the introduction of CUSP at HVO) includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes enough background information on the seismic network and processing to allow use of the data and to provide an understanding of how they were gathered.

Design and Hospital-Wide Implementation of a Standardized Discharge Summary in an Electronic Health Record

PubMed Central

Dean, Shannon M; Gilmore-Bykovskyi, Andrea; Buchanan, Joel; Ehlenfeldt, Brad; Kind, Amy JH

2016-01-01

Background The hospital discharge summary is the primary method used to communicate a patient's plan of care to the next provider(s). Despite the existence of regulations and guidelines outlining the optimal content for the discharge summary and its importance in facilitating an effective transition to post-hospital care, incomplete discharge summaries remain a common problem that may contribute to poor post-hospital outcomes. Electronic health records (EHRs) are regularly used as a platform upon which standardization of content and format can be implemented. Objective We describe here the design and hospital-wide implementation of a standardized discharge summary using an EHR. Methods We employed the evidence-based Replicating Effective Programs implementation strategy to guide the development and implementation during this large-scale project. Results Within 18 months, 90% of all hospital discharge summaries were written using the standardized format. Hospital providers found the template helpful and easy to use, and recipient providers perceived an improvement in the quality of discharge summaries compared to those sent from our hospital previously. Conclusions Discharge summaries can be standardized and implemented hospital-wide with both author and recipient provider satisfaction, especially if evidence-based implementation strategies are employed. The use of EHR tools to guide clinicians in writing comprehensive discharge summaries holds promise in improving the existing deficits in communication at transitions of care. PMID:28334559

ISS Commercial Cargo Service: Requirements and Constraints Summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thorn, Valin; Lemmons, Neil; Scheutz, Matt

2005-01-01

A viewgraph presentation describing the fundamental requirements and constraints necessary to begin the acquisition of an International Space Station commercial cargo service is presented. The topics include: 1) Background; 2) Philosophy; 3) Cargo Balance; 4) Cargo Types; 5) ICCS Flight Rate; 6) Late and Early Access; 7) Power to Payloads; 8) Mating Locatin Options; 9) ISS Docking and Berthing; 10) Vehicle Stay Time; 11) ISS Resource Availability; 12) Robotic and EVA Compatability; 13) Return Cargo; and 14) Key Requirements Summary.

Motor performance of tongue with a computer-integrated system under different levels of background physical exertion

PubMed Central

Huo, Xueliang; Johnson-Long, Ashley N.; Ghovanloo, Maysam; Shinohara, Minoru

2015-01-01

The purpose of this study was to compare the motor performance of tongue, using Tongue Drive System, to hand operation for relatively complex tasks under different levels of background physical exertion. Thirteen young able-bodied adults performed tasks that tested the accuracy and variability in tracking a sinusoidal waveform, and the performance in playing two video games that require accurate and rapid movements with cognitive processing using tongue and hand under two levels of background physical exertion. Results show additional background physical activity did not influence rapid and accurate displacement motor performance, but compromised the slow waveform tracking and shooting performances in both hand and tongue. Slow waveform tracking performance by the tongue was compromised with an additional motor or cognitive task, but with an additional motor task only for the hand. Practitioner Summary We investigated the influence of task complexity and background physical exertion on the motor performance of tongue and hand. Results indicate the task performance degrades with an additional concurrent task or physical exertion due to the limited attentional resources available for handling both the motor task and background exertion. PMID:24003900

RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOTICISM WITH CERTAIN SOCIO-ECONOMIC VARIABLES1

PubMed Central

Arora, Manju Mehta (nee); Varma, V.K.

1982-01-01

SUMMARY A psychoticism questionnaire developed by the authors (Arora & Varma, 1980 a, b) was administered to 100 psychotics, 100 neurotics, 100 relatives of psychotics, and 100 normals. Relationship of P-score with six socioeconomic variables, i.e., age, sex, education, occupation, religion and urban, rural background was studied. P-score was found to be higher in younger age group (15-24 years) in each of the four clinical groups but was significantly low in psychoitics and their relatives. No sex differences were observed regarding P-score. Significant inverse relationship between P-score and education and occupational status was found only for the normal groups. No significant difference was seen in psychoticism score between the two religious groups—Hindus and Sikhs. Those from rural background had higher P-score as compared to those from urban background, but the differences did not reach statistical significance. PMID:21965906

Modeling Urban Scenarios & Experiments: Fort Indiantown Gap Data Collections Summary and Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Archer, Daniel E.; Bandstra, Mark S.; Davidson, Gregory G.

This report summarizes experimental radiation detector, contextual sensor, weather, and global positioning system (GPS) data collected to inform and validate a comprehensive, operational radiation transport modeling framework to evaluate radiation detector system and algorithm performance. This framework will be used to study the influence of systematic effects (such as geometry, background activity, background variability, environmental shielding, etc.) on detector responses and algorithm performance using synthetic time series data. This work consists of performing data collection campaigns at a canonical, controlled environment for complete radiological characterization to help construct and benchmark a high-fidelity model with quantified system geometries, detector response functions,more » and source terms for background and threat objects. This data also provides an archival, benchmark dataset that can be used by the radiation detection community. The data reported here spans four data collection campaigns conducted between May 2015 and September 2016.« less

Summary and Synthesis: How to Present a Research Proposal.

PubMed

Setia, Maninder Singh; Panda, Saumya

2017-01-01

This concluding module attempts to synthesize the key learning points discussed during the course of the previous ten sets of modules on methodology and biostatistics. The objective of this module is to discuss how to present a model research proposal, based on whatever was discussed in the preceding modules. The lynchpin of a research proposal is the protocol, and the key component of a protocol is the study design. However, one must not neglect the other areas, be it the project summary through which one catches the eyes of the reviewer of the proposal, or the background and the literature review, or the aims and objectives of the study. Two critical areas in the "methods" section that cannot be emphasized more are the sampling strategy and a formal estimation of sample size. Without a legitimate sample size, none of the conclusions based on the statistical analysis would be valid. Finally, the ethical parameters of the study should be well understood by the researchers, and that should get reflected in the proposal.

Summary and Synthesis: How to Present a Research Proposal

PubMed Central

Setia, Maninder Singh; Panda, Saumya

2017-01-01

This concluding module attempts to synthesize the key learning points discussed during the course of the previous ten sets of modules on methodology and biostatistics. The objective of this module is to discuss how to present a model research proposal, based on whatever was discussed in the preceding modules. The lynchpin of a research proposal is the protocol, and the key component of a protocol is the study design. However, one must not neglect the other areas, be it the project summary through which one catches the eyes of the reviewer of the proposal, or the background and the literature review, or the aims and objectives of the study. Two critical areas in the “methods” section that cannot be emphasized more are the sampling strategy and a formal estimation of sample size. Without a legitimate sample size, none of the conclusions based on the statistical analysis would be valid. Finally, the ethical parameters of the study should be well understood by the researchers, and that should get reflected in the proposal. PMID:28979004

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-03-23

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist...Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Congressional Research Service Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and... block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of

Library Service Now in New York State: A Background Paper Prepared for the Governor's Commission on Libraries. Some People Say...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Prentice, Ann E.; Connor, Jean L.

Prepared as a background paper for the Governor's Conference on Libraries in June 1978, this document presents a summary of what is known (or not known) about the library 'picture' in New York State. This picture is sketched in an overview, and then specific areas are colored in. Information on each type of library--school, public, academic,…

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-30

action officers to perform voting assistance duties; establish procedures to ensure a postmark or proof of mailing date on absentee ballots; requires...2003 The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government...Government and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-05-12

The Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act: Background and Issues Kevin J. Coleman Analyst in American National Government Government...and Finance Division Summary Members of the military and U.S. citizens who live abroad are eligible to register and vote absentee in federal elections...under the provisions of the Uniformed and Overseas Citizens Absentee Voting Act (UOCAVA) of 1986. The law was enacted to improve absentee registration

Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-01-27

Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty: Background and Issues for Congress Amy F. Woolf Specialist in... Nuclear Weapons Policy January 27, 2017 Congressional Research Service 7-5700 www.crs.gov R43832 Russian Compliance with the Intermediate Range... Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty Congressional Research Service Summary The United States and Soviet Union signed the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-25

Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition: Background and Issues for Congress Ronald O’Rourke Specialist...Multiyear Procurement (MYP) and Block Buy Contracting in Defense Acquisition Congressional Research Service Summary Multiyear procurement (MYP) and... block buy contracting (BBC) are special contracting mechanisms that Congress permits the Department of Defense (DOD) to use for a limited number of

Analysis of movable bus stop boarding and alighting areas : [summary].

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-05-01

Floridas transit ridership comprises persons from : varying demographic backgrounds, including : those with disabilities. An important goal for the : Florida Deaprtment of Transportation (FDOT) : and Florida transit agencies is to ensure that all ...

75 FR 15621 - Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards; Theft Protection and Rollaway Prevention

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-30

... Transportation (DOT). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: Pursuant to a statutory mandate in the Cameron Gulbransen Kids.... Statutory Mandate and Background On February 28, 2008, the ``Cameron Gulbransen Kids Transportation Safety...

Space transportation propulsion USSR launcher technology, 1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

Space transportation propulsion U.S.S.R. launcher technology is discussed. The following subject areas are covered: Energia background (launch vehicle summary, Soviet launcher family) and Energia propulsion characteristics (booster propulsion, core propulsion, and growth capability).

Clay Ceramics Manufacturing: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the NESHAP regulation for clay ceramic manufacturing by reading the rule summary, rule history, code of federal regulations, and the additional resources like fact sheets and background information documents

A Semi-quantum Version of the Game of Life

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flitney, Adrian P.; Abbott, Derek

The following sections are included: * Background and Motivation * Classical cellular automata * Conway's game of life * Quantum cellular automata * Semi-quantum Life * The idea * A first model * A semi-quantum model * Discussion * Summary * References

Comparison summary: Various countries' standards for classroom acoustics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Evans, Jack B.

2005-09-01

A comparative summary presentation of many countries' national acoustical standards for classroom acoustics will be presented. Facility renovation or new construction is subject to standards or regulations that control reverberation decay time, sound isolation between interior spaces, intrusive noise from the exterior environment, background noise from building systems and/or user installed classroom equipment. Child learner physical conditions are reviewed, based on many researchers' published results in North America and Europe, in regard to the special building acoustical requirements needed to achieve good classroom environments. In response to the authors' solicitations, colleagues from many nations provided facts, opinions, and reference for their own countries' standards, which are presented in categorical matrix format, including ANSI S12.60-2002, the relatively new American classroom acoustics standard. Summary results from I-INCE TC4 working group study on international standards are also incorporated. [This presentation is derived from the international classroom standards portion (only) of a paper originally written for the 11th International Meeting on Low Frequency Noise and Vibration and its Control, Maastricht, The Netherlands in 2004 with recent updates.

A Systematic Summary of Systematic Reviews on the Topic of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament

PubMed Central

Anderson, Michael J.; Browning, William M.; Urband, Christopher E.; Kluczynski, Melissa A.; Bisson, Leslie J.

2016-01-01

Background: There has been a substantial increase in the amount of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL). Purpose: To quantify the number of systematic reviews and meta-analyses published on the ACL in the past decade and to provide an overall summary of this literature. Study Design: Systematic review; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: A systematic review of all ACL-related systematic reviews and meta-analyses published between January 2004 and September 2014 was performed using PubMed, MEDLINE, and the Cochrane Database. Narrative reviews and non-English articles were excluded. Results: A total of 1031 articles were found, of which 240 met the inclusion criteria. Included articles were summarized and divided into 17 topics: anatomy, epidemiology, prevention, associated injuries, diagnosis, operative versus nonoperative management, graft choice, surgical technique, fixation methods, computer-assisted surgery, platelet-rich plasma, rehabilitation, return to play, outcomes assessment, arthritis, complications, and miscellaneous. Conclusion: A summary of systematic reviews on the ACL can supply the surgeon with a single source for the most up-to-date synthesis of the literature. PMID:27047983

The legacy of the F344 rat as a cancer bioassay model (a retrospective summary of three common F344 rat neoplasms)

PubMed Central

Maronpot, Robert R.; Nyska, Abraham; Foreman, Jennifer E.; Ramot, Yuval

2016-01-01

Abstract The Fischer 344 (F344) rat was used by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for over 5 decades for toxicity and carcinogenicity studies. However, in 2006, the NTP decided to switch to a different rat stock due largely to high background control incidences of Leydig cell tumors (LCTs) and mononuclear cell leukemia (MNCL), also known as large granular lymphocytic (LGL) leukemia. In the current review, we aim (1) to provide a summary of NTP bioassays with treatment-associated effects involving MNCL and LCTs in addition to male F344-specific tunica vaginalis mesothelioma (TVM); (2) to describe important pathobiological differences between these F344 rat tumor responses and similar target tissue-tumor response in humans; and (3) to present the NTP reasons for switching away from the F344 rat. We show that due to the highly variable background incidence of F344 MNCL, more reliance on historical control data than is usual for most tumor responses is warranted to evaluate potential effect of any chemical treatment in this rat strain. The high spontaneous incidence of LCTs in the testes of male F344 rats has made this tumor endpoint of little practical use in identifying potential testicular carcinogenic responses. TVM responses in F344 rats have a biological plausible relationship to LCTs unlike TVM in humans. Given their high spontaneous background incidence and species-specific biology, we contend that MNCL and LCT, along with TVM responses, in F344 rat carcinogenicity studies are inappropriate tumor types for human health risk assessment and lack relevance in predicting human carcinogenicity. PMID:27278595

The Relationship of Stated Learning Preferences, Personality Type, and Career Background to Academic and Leadership Performance at the United States Air Command and Staff College

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-12-11

Kolb envisioned experiential 26 Table 2 Subscales on the NASSP Learning Styles Profile Cognitive Styles Perceptual Responses Analytic Skill...Research Type Theory and Learning Preferences Jung and the Theory of Psychological Types Isabel Briggs Myers’ Contribution to Jung’s Work The Myers...Implications Recommendations for Further Study Summary of Specific Conclusions Discussion Grounded Curriculum Learning Preferences Type Theory Student

Statistics for NAEG: past efforts, new results, and future plans

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gilbert, R.O.; Simpson, J.C.; Kinnison, R.R.

A brief review of Nevada Applied Ecology Group (NAEG) objectives is followed by a summary of past statistical analyses conducted by Pacific Northwest Laboratory for the NAEG. Estimates of spatial pattern of radionuclides and other statistical analyses at NS's 201, 219 and 221 are reviewed as background for new analyses presented in this paper. Suggested NAEG activities and statistical analyses needed for the projected termination date of NAEG studies in March 1986 are given.

Conditional health-related benefits of higher education: an assessment of compensatory versus accumulative mechanisms.

PubMed

Bauldry, Shawn

2014-06-01

A college degree is associated with a range of health-related benefits, but the effects of higher education are known to vary across different population subgroups. Competing theories have been proposed for whether people from more or less advantaged backgrounds or circumstances will gain greater health-related benefits from a college degree. This study draws on data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health (Add Health) and recently developed models for analyzing heterogeneous treatment effects to examine how the effect of obtaining a college degree on the self-rated health of young adults varies across the likelihood of obtaining a college degree, a summary measure of advantage/disadvantage. Results indicate that a college degree has a greater effect on self-rated health for people from advantaged backgrounds. This finding differs from two recent studies, and possible reasons for the contrasting findings are discussed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter (EOSP), phase B

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Evaluations performed during a Phase B study directed towards defining an optimal design for the Earth Observing Scanning Polarimeter (EOSP) instrument is summarized. An overview of the experiment approach is included which provides a summary of the scientific objectives, the background of the measurement approach, and the measurement method. In the instrumentation section, details of the design are discussed starting with the key instrument features required to accomplish the scientific objectives and a system characterization in terms of the Stokes vector/Mueller matrix formalism. This is followed by a detailing of the instrument design concept, the design of the individual elements of the system, the predicted performance, and a summary of appropriate instrument testing and calibration. The selected design makes use of key features of predecessor polarimeters and is fully compatible with the Earth Observing System spacecraft requirements.

Studies of Tenuous Planetary Atmospheres

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Combi, Michael R.

1998-01-01

The final report includes an overall project overview as well as scientific background summaries of dust and sodium in comets, and tenuous atmospheres of Jupiter's natural satellites. Progress and continuing work related to dust coma and tenuous atmospheric studies are presented. Also included are published articles written during the course of the report period. These are entitled: (1) On Europa's Magnetospheric Interaction: An MHD Simulation; (2) Dust-Gas Interrelations in Comets: Observations and Theory; and (3) Io's Plasma Environment During the Galileo Flyby: Global Three Dimensional MHD Modeling with Adaptive Mesh Refinement.

Hawaiian Volcano Observatory Seismic Data, January to December 2008

USGS Publications Warehouse

Nakata, Jennifer S.; Okubo, Paul G.

2009-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) summary presents seismic data gathered during the year. The seismic summary is offered without interpretation as a source of preliminary data and is complete in that most data for events of M greater than 1.5 are included. All latitude and longitude references in this report are stated in Old Hawaiian Datum. The HVO summaries have been published in various forms since 1956. Summaries prior to 1974 were issued quarterly, but cost, convenience of preparation and distribution, and the large quantities of data necessitated an annual publication, beginning with Summary 74 for the year 1974. Beginning in 2004, summaries are simply identified by the year, rather than by summary number. Summaries originally issued as administrative reports were republished in 2007 as Open-File Reports. All the summaries since 1956 are listed at http://geopubs.wr.usgs.gov/ (last accessed 09/21/2009). In January 1986, HVO adopted CUSP (California Institute of Technology USGS Seismic Processing). Summary 86 includes a description of the seismic instrumentation, calibration, and processing used in recent years. The present summary includes background information about the seismic network to provide the end user an understanding of the processing parameters and how the data were gathered. A report by Klein and Koyanagi (1980) tabulates instrumentation, calibration, and recording history of each seismic station in the network. It is designed as a reference for users of seismograms and phase data and includes and augments the information in the station table in this summary. Figures 11-14 are maps showing computer-located hypocenters. The maps were generated using the Generic Mapping Tools (GMT http://gmt.soest.hawaii.edu/, last accessed 09/21/2009) in place of traditional Qplot maps.

Validation of TxDOT flexible pavement skid prediction model : workshop : student guide.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-05-01

Course Materials: : Background summary of Research Project 0-5627. : Short presentation of research tasks and findings from Research Project 0-6746. : Aggregate characterization with Aggregate Imaging Measurement System (AIMS) and Micro-D...

Pilot Institute on Global Change on Trace Gases and the Biosphere, 1988

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Eddy, J. A.; Moore, B.

1998-01-01

Table of Contents: Summary; Background; General Framework for a Series of Institutes on Global Change; The 1988 Pilot Institute on Global Changes: Trace Gases and the Biosphere; Budget; List of Acronyms; and Attachments.

Workshop Background and Summary of Webinars (IVIVE workshop)

EPA Science Inventory

Toxicokinetics (TK) provides a bridge between hazard and exposure by predicting tissue concentrations due to exposure. Higher throughput toxicokinetics (HTTK) appears to provide essential data to established context for in vitro bioactivity data obtained through high throughput ...

USDOT guidance summary for connected vehicle deployments : human use approval.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-07-01

This document provides guidance material in regards to human use approval required for the CV Pilots DeploymentConcept Development Phase. Background is provided on relevant Federal guidance and Institutional Review Boards,including specific reference...

Development of NASA's Sample Cartridge Assembly: Summary of GEDS Design, Development Testing, and Thermal Analyses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

O'Connor, Brian; Hernandez, Deborah; Hornsby, Linda; Brown, Maria; Horton-Mullins, Kathryn

2017-01-01

Outline: Background of ISS (International Space Station) Material Science Research Rack; NASA SCA (Sample Cartridge Assembly) Design; GEDS (Gravitational Effects in Distortion in Sintering) Experiment Ampoule Design; Development Testing Summary; Thermal Modeling and Analysis. Summary: GEDS design development challenging (GEDS Ampoule design developed through MUGS (Microgravity) testing; Short duration transient sample processing; Unable to measure sample temperatures); MUGS Development testing used to gather data (Actual LGF (Low Gradient Furnace)-like furnace response; Provided sample for sintering evaluation); Transient thermal model integral to successful GEDS experiment (Development testing provided furnace response; PI (Performance Indicator) evaluation of sintering anchored model evaluation of processing durations; Thermal transient model used to determine flight SCA sample processing profiles).

Biological and Chemical Technologies Research at OIT: Annual Summary Report, FY 1997

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Peterson, G.

1998-03-01

The annual summary report presents the fiscal year (FY) 1 997 research activities and accomplishments for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Chemical Technologies Research (BCTR) Program. This BCTR program resides within the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE). The annual summary report for 1997 (ASR 97) contains the following: program description (including BCTR program mission statement, historical background, relevance, goals and objectives); program structure and organization; selected technical and programmatic highlights for 1 997; detailed descriptions of individual projects; and a listing of program output, including amore » bibliography of published work, patents, and awards arising from work supported by the program.« less

The 1990-1991 project summaries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The Mechanical Engineering Department at The University of Texas at Austin participated in the NASA/USRA University Advanced Design Program on both an undergraduate and a graduate level during the 1990-91 academic year. The focus of study was on four design projects that fall into one of the following areas: (1) the establishment of a lunar base and (2) mission planet Earth. The design projects were incorporated into already existing design courses and students worked together in groups of three to five. A background of each area of study is provided, along with synopses, conclusions, and recommendations for further study for each design project.

Where to from here?

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The Sustainable Feedstocks for Advanced Biofuels Workshop was developed to provide a science-based background and forward-looking strategies that would enable agriculture to help solve our nation’s bioenergy challenges. This summary chapter confirms that agricultural and forest resources have tremen...

Brick and Structural Clay Products: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the NESHAP regulation for brick and structural clay products by reading the rule summary, rule history, code of federal regulations, and the additional resources like fact sheets and background information documents

Permeable Pavement Research - Edison, New Jersey

EPA Science Inventory

This presentation provides the background and summary of results collected at the permeable pavement parking lot monitored at the EPA facility in Edison, NJ. This parking lot is surfaced with permeable interlocking concrete pavers (PICP), pervious concrete, and porous asphalt. ...

Municipal Solid Waste Landfills: New Source Performance Standards (NSPS), Emission Guidelines (EG) and Compliance Times

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

learn about the NSPS for municipal solid waste landfills by reading the rule summary, rule history, code of federal regulations text, fact sheets, background information documents, related rules and compliance information.

GPS-based household interview survey for the Cincinnati, Ohio Region : executive summary report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-02-29

PROJECT BACKGROUND: Household travel surveys (HTS) are designed to provide information about daily travel patterns, including : trip purposes, time of day decisions, mode choices, trip lengths and distances, activity locations, and : routes taken. Th...

Volunteeer's Reference Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Armstrong, Julie; And Others

For Postpartum Education for Parents (PEP) volunteers, this reference guide provides background information about the common concerns of parents. Extensively reviewed for accuracy and content by pediatricians, psychologists, obstetricians, nurses, and childbirth educators, the guide contains a summary discussion of the postpartum infant and…

The Printing and Publishing Industry: National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the NESHAP for the printing and publishing industry by reading the rule summary and history. You can also find the additional resources like fact sheets, background information documents and related rules

IRIS Toxicological Review of Dichloromethane (Methylene ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

EPA has finalized the Toxicological Review of Dichloromethane (Methylene Chloride): In support of the Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS). Now final, this assessment may be used by EPA’s program and regional offices to inform decisions to protect human health. This document presents background information and justification for the Intergrated Risk Information System (IRIS) Summary of the hazard and dose-response assessment of dichloromethane. IRIS Summaries may include oral reference dose (RfD) and inhalation reference concentration (RfC) values for chronic and other exposure durations, and a carcinogencity assessment. Internet/NCEA web site

Remote measurements of upper atmospheric density and temperature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yee, Jeng-Hwa

1995-01-01

A suborbital experiment was designed to study the photochemistry of the mesosphere by observing simultaneously the airglow emissions with in-situ minor species number density profiles. The experiment was very successful and some preliminary results have already been reported in various scientific meetings. Two scientific papers are currently in the process of final preparation for submission for publication. In this final project report, we will first give a background description of the experiment and follow by the summaries of the scientific papers currently being prepared.

The Microsurgery Fellowship at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital: Blossom of Caterpillars

PubMed Central

2015-01-01

Summary: Against a background of globalization and medical migration, issues have been raised regarding training outside the clinician’s own context. Fellowship was not commonly used as a career step, or a means of migration, but as a process of professional and personal development. Taking Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Microsurgery Fellowship as the case study, I would like to highlight an example of a long-running successful training program in a special field such as plastic surgery. PMID:25973354

Determinants of improvement in quality of life of alcohol-dependent patients during an inpatient withdrawal programme

PubMed Central

Lahmek, Pierre; Berlin, Ivan; Michel, Laurent; Berghout, Chafia; Meunier, Nadine; Aubin, Henri-Jean

2009-01-01

Background: To investigate the improvement in quality of life (QoL) of alcohol-dependent patients during a 3-week inpatient withdrawal programme, and to identify the sociodemographic, clinical and alcohol-related variables associated with baseline QoL on admission and with improvement of QoL during residential treatment. Methods: This prospective, observational study included 414 alcohol-dependent patients, hospitalised for a period of 3 weeks. QoL was measured on admission and at discharge using the French version of the Medical Outcome Study SF-36. The mean scores for each dimension and for the Physical and Mental Component Summary scores were calculated. Results: The mean scores per dimension and the mean Physical and Mental Component Summary scores were significantly lower on admission than at discharge; the lowest scores being observed for social functioning and role limitations due to emotional problems. At discharge, the mean scores per dimension were similar to those observed in the French general population. Female gender, age >45 years, living alone, working as a labourer or employee, somatic comorbidity, and the existence of at least five criteria for alcohol dependence according to the DSM-IV classification were associated with a low Physical Component Summary score on admission; psychiatric comorbidity, the presence of at least five DSM-IV dependence criteria, smoking and suicidality were associated with a low Mental Component Summary score on admission. The increase in Physical and Mental Component Summary scores during hospitalisation was more marked when the initial scores were low. Apart from the initial score, the greatest improvement in Physical Component Summary score was seen in patients with a high alcohol intake and in those without a somatic comorbidity; the increase in Mental Component Summary score was greatest in patients without psychotic symptoms and in those who abused or were dependent on illegal drugs. Conclusion: QoL improvement after a residential treatment was related to low QoL scores at admission. Improvement in physical component of QoL was related to baseline alcohol intake and good somatic status. Improvement in mental component of QoL was related to other drugs abuse/dependence. PMID:19461935

Beaming Electricity via Relay Satellites in Support of Deployed Combat Forces

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

Power kHz Kilohertz km Kilometer kW Kilowatt kW/h Kilowatt/hour LEO Low Earth Orbit MEO Medium Earth Orbit MW Megawatt RF Radio Frequency STK ...using the Satellite Tool Kit ( STK ) software suite. D. CHAPTER SUMMARY 1. Chapter II - Background This chapter contains background information to...are modeled using STK . The results of those models are presented. A description of how each model took shape was developed is provided followed

Initial basalt target site selection evaluation for the Mars penetrator drop test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bunch, T. E.; Quaide, W. L.; Polkowski, G.

1976-01-01

Potential basalt target sites for an air drop penetrator test were described and the criteria involved in site selection were discussed. A summary of the background field geology and recommendations for optimum sites are also presented.

[Female employment and emigration: from the countries of Africa and Asia to Rome].

PubMed

Arena, G

1983-06-01

Recent trends in female labor migration from third world countries to Rome, Italy, are analyzed. The impact of the demand for various types of labor and of religious background is considered. (summary in ENG, FRE)

Exposure time independent summary statistics for assessment of drug dependent cell line growth inhibition

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background In vitro generated dose-response curves of human cancer cell lines are widely used to develop new therapeutics. The curves are summarised by simplified statistics that ignore the conventionally used dose-response curves’ dependency on drug exposure time and growth kinetics. This may lead to suboptimal exploitation of data and biased conclusions on the potential of the drug in question. Therefore we set out to improve the dose-response assessments by eliminating the impact of time dependency. Results First, a mathematical model for drug induced cell growth inhibition was formulated and used to derive novel dose-response curves and improved summary statistics that are independent of time under the proposed model. Next, a statistical analysis workflow for estimating the improved statistics was suggested consisting of 1) nonlinear regression models for estimation of cell counts and doubling times, 2) isotonic regression for modelling the suggested dose-response curves, and 3) resampling based method for assessing variation of the novel summary statistics. We document that conventionally used summary statistics for dose-response experiments depend on time so that fast growing cell lines compared to slowly growing ones are considered overly sensitive. The adequacy of the mathematical model is tested for doxorubicin and found to fit real data to an acceptable degree. Dose-response data from the NCI60 drug screen were used to illustrate the time dependency and demonstrate an adjustment correcting for it. The applicability of the workflow was illustrated by simulation and application on a doxorubicin growth inhibition screen. The simulations show that under the proposed mathematical model the suggested statistical workflow results in unbiased estimates of the time independent summary statistics. Variance estimates of the novel summary statistics are used to conclude that the doxorubicin screen covers a significant diverse range of responses ensuring it is useful for biological interpretations. Conclusion Time independent summary statistics may aid the understanding of drugs’ action mechanism on tumour cells and potentially renew previous drug sensitivity evaluation studies. PMID:24902483

AICD -- Advanced Industrial Concepts Division Biological and Chemical Technologies Research Program. 1993 Annual summary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petersen, G.; Bair, K.; Ross, J.

1994-03-01

The annual summary report presents the fiscal year (FY) 1993 research activities and accomplishments for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Chemical Technologies Research (BCTR) Program of the Advanced Industrial Concepts Division (AICD). This AICD program resides within the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE). The annual summary report for 1993 (ASR 93) contains the following: A program description (including BCTR program mission statement, historical background, relevance, goals and objectives), program structure and organization, selected technical and programmatic highlights for 1993, detailed descriptions of individual projects, a listingmore » of program output, including a bibliography of published work, patents, and awards arising from work supported by BCTR.« less

Diagnostic accuracy of the aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index for the prediction of hepatitis B-related fibrosis: a leading meta-analysis

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background The aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI), a tool with limited expense and widespread availability, is a promising noninvasive alternative to liver biopsy for detecting hepatic fibrosis. The objective of this study was to systematically review the performance of the APRI in predicting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in hepatitis B-related fibrosis. Methods Areas under summary receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC), sensitivity and specificity were used to examine the accuracy of the APRI for the diagnosis of hepatitis B-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. Heterogeneity was explored using meta-regression. Results Nine studies were included in this meta-analysis (n = 1,798). Prevalence of significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 53.1% and 13.5%, respectively. The summary AUCs of the APRI for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis were 0.79 and 0.75, respectively. For significant fibrosis, an APRI threshold of 0.5 was 84% sensitive and 41% specific. At the cutoff of 1.5, the summary sensitivity and specificity were 49% and 84%, respectively. For cirrhosis, an APRI threshold of 1.0-1.5 was 54% sensitive and 78% specific. At the cutoff of 2.0, the summary sensitivity and specificity were 28% and 87%, respectively. Meta-regression analysis indicated that the APRI accuracy for both significant fibrosis and cirrhosis was affected by histological classification systems, but not influenced by the interval between Biopsy & APRI or blind biopsy. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests that APRI show limited value in identifying hepatitis B-related significant fibrosis and cirrhosis. PMID:22333407

Petroleum Refineries (Catalytic Cracking, Catalytic Reforming and Sulfur Recovery Units): National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

learn more about the NESHAP for catalytic cracking and reforming units, as well as sulfur recovery units in petroleum refineries by reading the rule history, rule summary, background information documents, and compliance information

40 CFR 74.4 - Designated representative.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Designated representative. 74.4 Section 74.4 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.4 Designated representative. (a) The provisions of...

40 CFR 74.2 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Applicability. 74.2 Section 74.2 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.2 Applicability. Combustion or process sources that are not...

76 FR 23798 - Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee; Meeting

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-28

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Nuclear Energy Advisory Committee; Meeting AGENCY: Office of Nuclear Energy, Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces a meeting of the Nuclear... [email protected]nuclear.energy.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background: The Nuclear Energy Advisory...

Summary of life history and hosts of the spruce budworm

Treesearch

Robert L. Talerico

1983-01-01

My purpose is to provide background information on the spruce budworms and point out some insect-host interaction relationships that have been noted by others. These and other interactions will be discussed in more detail in the papers that follow.

Cooperative research in terrestrial planetary geology and geophysics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

This final report for the period of July 1991 to August 1994 covered a variety of topics concerning the study of Earth and Mars. The Earth studies stressed the interpretation of the MAGSAT crustal magnetic anomalies in order to determine the geological structure, mineralogical composition, magnetic nature, and the historical background of submarine features, and also featured work in the area of terrestrial remote sensing. Mars research included the early evolution of the Martian atmosphere and hydrosphere and the investigations of the large Martian impact basins. Detailed summaries of the research is included, along with lists of the publications resulting from this research.

Measurement Properties of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D 10): Findings from HCHS/SOL

PubMed Central

González, Patricia; Nuñez, Alicia; Merz, Erin; Brintz, Carrie; Weitzman, Orit; Navas, Elena; Camacho, Alvaro; Buelna, Christina; Penedo, Frank J.; Wassertheil-Smoller, Sylvia; Perreira, Krista; Isasi, Carmen; Choca, James; Talavera, Gregory A.; Gallo, Linda C.

2016-01-01

The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a widely used self-report measure of depression symptomatology. This study evaluated the reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the CES-D 10 in a diverse cohort of Hispanics/Latinos from the Hispanic Community Health Study/Study of Latinos (HCHS/SOL). The sample consisted of 16,415 Hispanic/Latino adults recruited from four field centers (Miami, FL; San Diego, CA; Bronx, NY; Chicago, IL). Participants completed interview administered measures in English or Spanish. The CES-D 10 was examined for internal consistency, test-retest reliability, convergent validity, and measurement invariance. The total score for the CES-D 10 displayed acceptable internal consistencies (Cronbach α’s = .80 – .86) and test-retest reliability (r’s = .41 – .70) across the total sample, language group and ethnic background group. The total CES-D 10 scores correlated in a theoretically consistent manner with the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (r = .72, p < .001), the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 depression measure (r = .80, p < .001) the Short Form-12’s Mental Component Summary (r = −.65, p < .001) and Physical Component Summary score (r = −.25, p < .001). A confirmatory factor analysis showed that a one-factor model fit the CES-D 10 data well (CFI = .986, RMSEA = .047) after correlating one pair of item residual variances. Multiple group analyses showed the one-factor structure to be invariant across English and Spanish speaking responders and partially invariant across Hispanic/Latino background groups. The total score of the CES-D 10 can be recommended for use with Hispanics/Latinos in English and Spanish. PMID:27295022

Handbook of the Statistics of Various Terrain and Water (Ice) Backgrounds from Selected U.S. Locations

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

designers and users of iufrared systems. This handbook contains a summary of the backgrounds analyzed to date as part of this effort. Most of the...last region, 8.0-14.0 pm, was covered with various filters at different AX’s, designated in the Index merely as 8.0-14.0 vim, but specifically...delineated in the Handbook within their properly designated bands. ] Since, as was mentioned earlier, the substance of this Handbook was presented in

Design Characteristics Influence Performance of Clinical Prediction Rules in Validation: A Meta-Epidemiological Study

PubMed Central

Ban, Jong-Wook; Emparanza, José Ignacio; Urreta, Iratxe; Burls, Amanda

2016-01-01

Background Many new clinical prediction rules are derived and validated. But the design and reporting quality of clinical prediction research has been less than optimal. We aimed to assess whether design characteristics of validation studies were associated with the overestimation of clinical prediction rules’ performance. We also aimed to evaluate whether validation studies clearly reported important methodological characteristics. Methods Electronic databases were searched for systematic reviews of clinical prediction rule studies published between 2006 and 2010. Data were extracted from the eligible validation studies included in the systematic reviews. A meta-analytic meta-epidemiological approach was used to assess the influence of design characteristics on predictive performance. From each validation study, it was assessed whether 7 design and 7 reporting characteristics were properly described. Results A total of 287 validation studies of clinical prediction rule were collected from 15 systematic reviews (31 meta-analyses). Validation studies using case-control design produced a summary diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) 2.2 times (95% CI: 1.2–4.3) larger than validation studies using cohort design and unclear design. When differential verification was used, the summary DOR was overestimated by twofold (95% CI: 1.2 -3.1) compared to complete, partial and unclear verification. The summary RDOR of validation studies with inadequate sample size was 1.9 (95% CI: 1.2 -3.1) compared to studies with adequate sample size. Study site, reliability, and clinical prediction rule was adequately described in 10.1%, 9.4%, and 7.0% of validation studies respectively. Conclusion Validation studies with design shortcomings may overestimate the performance of clinical prediction rules. The quality of reporting among studies validating clinical prediction rules needs to be improved. PMID:26730980

Mitochondrial genetic background modulates bioenergetics and susceptibility to acute cardiac volume overload.

PubMed

Fetterman, Jessica L; Zelickson, Blake R; Johnson, Larry W; Moellering, Douglas R; Westbrook, David G; Pompilius, Melissa; Sammy, Melissa J; Johnson, Michelle; Dunham-Snary, Kimberly J; Cao, Xuemei; Bradley, Wayne E; Zhang, Jinju; Wei, Chih-Chang; Chacko, Balu; Schurr, Theodore G; Kesterson, Robert A; Dell'italia, Louis J; Darley-Usmar, Victor M; Welch, Danny R; Ballinger, Scott W

2013-10-15

Dysfunctional bioenergetics has emerged as a key feature in many chronic pathologies such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This has led to the mitochondrial paradigm in which it has been proposed that mtDNA sequence variation contributes to disease susceptibility. In the present study we show a novel animal model of mtDNA polymorphisms, the MNX (mitochondrial-nuclear exchange) mouse, in which the mtDNA from the C3H/HeN mouse has been inserted on to the C57/BL6 nuclear background and vice versa to test this concept. Our data show a major contribution of the C57/BL6 mtDNA to the susceptibility to the pathological stress of cardiac volume overload which is independent of the nuclear background. Mitochondria harbouring the C57/BL6J mtDNA generate more ROS (reactive oxygen species) and have a higher mitochondrial membrane potential relative to those with C3H/HeN mtDNA, independent of nuclear background. We propose this is the primary mechanism associated with increased bioenergetic dysfunction in response to volume overload. In summary, these studies support the 'mitochondrial paradigm' for the development of disease susceptibility, and show that the mtDNA modulates cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial ROS generation and susceptibility to cardiac stress.

Mitochondrial Genetic Background Modulates Bioenergetics and Susceptibility to Acute Cardiac Volume – Overload

PubMed Central

Fetterman, Jessica L.; Zelickson, Blake R.; Johnson, Larry W.; Moellering, Douglas R.; Westbrook, David G.; Pompilius, Melissa; Sammy, Melissa J.; Johnson, Michelle; Dunham-Snary, Kimberly J.; Cao, Xuemei; Bradley, Wayne E.; Zhang, Jinju; Wei, Chih-Chang; Chacko, Balu; Schurr, Theodore G.; Kesterson, Robert A.; Dell’Italia, Louis J.; Darley-Usmar, Victor M.; Welch, Danny R.; Ballinger, Scott W.

2013-01-01

Synopsis Dysfunctional bioenergetics has emerged as a key feature in many chronic pathologies such as diabetes and cardiovascular disease. This has led to the mitochondrial paradigm in which it has been proposed that mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) sequence variation contributes to disease susceptibility. In this study we present a novel animal model of mtDNA polymorphisms, the mitochondrial nuclear exchange mouse (MNX), in which the mtDNA from C3H/HeN mouse has been inserted onto the C57/BL6 nuclear background and vice versa to test this concept. Our data show a major contribution of the C57/BL6 mtDNA to the susceptibility to the pathological stress of cardiac volume overload which is independent of the nuclear background. Mitochondria harboring the C57/BL6J mtDNA generate more reactive oxygen species (ROS) and have a higher mitochondrial membrane potential relative to those having the C3H/HeN mtDNA, independent of nuclear background. We propose this is the primary mechanism associated with increased bioenergetic dysfunction in response to volume overload. In summary, these studies support the “mitochondrial paradigm” for the development of disease susceptibility, and show that the mtDNA modulates, cellular bioenergetics, mitochondrial reactive oxygen species generation and susceptibility to cardiac stress. PMID:23924350

Quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS) and role of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress: A bicenter study from north of Iran

PubMed Central

Salehpoor, Ghasem; Rezaei, Sajjad; Hosseininezhad, Mozaffar

2014-01-01

Background: Although studies have demonstrated significant negative relationships between quality of life (QOL), fatigue, and the most common psychological symptoms (depression, anxiety, stress), the main ambiguity of previous studies on QOL is in the relative importance of these predictors. Also, there is lack of adequate knowledge about the actual contribution of each of them in the prediction of QOL dimensions. Thus, the main objective of this study is to assess the role of fatigue, depression, anxiety, and stress in relation to QOL of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Materials and Methods: One hundred and sixty-two MS patients completed the questionnaire on demographic variables, and then they were evaluated by the Persian versions of Short-Form Health Survey Questionnaire (SF-36), Fatigue Survey Scale (FSS), and Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). Data were analyzed by Pearson correlation coefficient and hierarchical regression. Results: Correlation analysis showed a significant relationship between QOL elements in SF-36 (physical component summary and mental component summary) and depression, fatigue, stress, and anxiety (P < 0.01). Hierarchical regression analysis indicated that among the predictor variables in the final step, fatigue, depression, and anxiety were identified as the physical component summary predictor variables. Anxiety was found to be the most powerful predictor variable amongst all (β = −0.46, P < 0.001). Furthermore, results have shown depression as the only significant mental component summary predictor variable (β = −0.39, P < 0.001). Conclusions: This study has highlighted the role of anxiety, fatigue, and depression in physical dimensions and the role of depression in psychological dimensions of the lives of MS patients. In addition, the findings of this study indirectly suggest that psychological interventions for reducing fatigue, depression, and anxiety can lead to improved QOL of MS patients. PMID:25558256

Plasmodium falciparum Infection Status among Children with Schistosoma in Sub-Saharan Africa: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Degarege, Abraham; Degarege, Dawit; Veledar, Emir; Erko, Berhanu; Nacher, Mathieu; Beck-Sague, Consuelo M.; Madhivanan, Purnima

2016-01-01

Background It has been suggested that Schistosoma infection may be associated with Plasmodium falciparum infection or related reduction in haemoglobin level, but the nature of this interaction remains unclear. This systematic review synthesized evidence on the relationship of S. haematobium or S. mansoni infection with the occurrence of P. falciparum malaria, Plasmodium density and related reduction in haemoglobin level among children in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). Methodology/Principal findings A systematic review in according with PRISMA guidelines was conducted. All published articles available in PubMed, Embase, Cochrane library and CINAHL databases before May 20, 2015 were searched without any limits. Two reviewers independently screened, reviewed and assessed all the studies. Cochrane Q and Moran’s I2 were used to assess heterogeneity and the Egger test was used to examine publication bias. The summary odds ratio (OR), summary regression co-efficient (β) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated using a random-effects model. Out of 2,920 citations screened, 12 articles (five cross-sectional, seven prospective cohort) were eligible to be included in the systematic review and 11 in the meta-analysis. The 12 studies involved 9,337 children in eight SSA countries. Eight studies compared the odds of asymptomatic/uncomplicated P. falciparum infection, two studies compared the incidence of uncomplicated P. falciparum infection, six studies compared P. falciparum density and four studies compared mean haemoglobin level between children infected and uninfected with S. haematobium or S. mansoni. Summary estimates of the eight studies based on 6,018 children showed a higher odds of asymptomatic/uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in children infected with S. mansoni or S. haematobium compared to those uninfected with Schistosoma (summary OR: 1.82; 95%CI: 1.41, 2.35; I2: 52.3%). The increase in odds of asymptomatic/uncomplicated P. falciparum infection among children infected with Schistosoma remained significant when subgroup analysis was conducted for S. haematobium (summary OR: 1.68; 95%CI: 1.18, 2.41; I2: 53.2%) and S. mansoni (summary OR: 2.15; 95%CI: 1.89, 2.46: I2: 0.0%) infection. However, the density of P. falciparum infection was lower in children co-infected with S. haematobium compared to those uninfected with Schistosoma (summary-β: -0.14; 95% CI: -0.24, -0.01; I2: 39.7%). The mean haemoglobin level was higher among children co-infected with S. haematobium and P. falciparum than those infected with only P. falciparum (summary-mean haemoglobin difference: 0.49; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.95; I2: 66.4%) Conclusions/Significance The current review suggests S. mansoni or S. haematobium co-infection may be associated with increased prevalence of asymptomatic/uncomplicated P. falciparum infection in children, but may protect against high density P. falciparum infection and related reduction in haemoglobin level. PMID:27926919

Electrical Mechanical Maintenance. Instructor's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Santa Clara County Superintendent of Schools, San Jose, CA.

This instructor's guide describes the development of a sixteen-week postsecondary course in electrical mechanical maintenance. Following introductory sections that provide background information and a course summary, the third section describes the instructional model used in the course. Section 4 presents an overview of instructional media used…

78 FR 2439 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested; Appeals of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-11

...] Agency Information Collection Activities: Proposed Collection; Comments Requested; Appeals of Background...., permitting electronic submission of responses. Summary of Information Collection (1) Type of Information Collection: Extension of a currently approved collection. (2) Title of the Form/Collection: Appeals of...

Developing Teachers: Improving Professional Development for Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coe, Robert; Aloisi, Cesare; Higgins, Steve; Major, Lee Elliot

2015-01-01

This document is a summary of the report "What Makes Great Teaching". It argues that improved teacher ­development will positively impact on pupil attainment, particular those from disadvantaged backgrounds. "Developing Teachers" presents five policy recommendations which have been signed by 17 of Britain's leading headteachers…

Small Power Systems Solar Electric Workshop Proceedings. Volume 1: Executive report. Volume 2: Invited papers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ferber, R. (Editor); Evans, D. (Editor)

1978-01-01

The background, objectives and methodology used for the Small Power Systems Solar Electric Workshop are described, and a summary of the results and conclusions developed at the workshop regarding small solar thermal electric power systems is presented.

75 FR 2153 - National Fire Academy Board of Visitors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-14

...] National Fire Academy Board of Visitors AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Committee Management; Notice of Open Teleconference Federal Advisory Committee Meeting. SUMMARY: The National Fire.... Docket: For access to the docket to read background documents or comments received by the National Fire...

76 FR 45548 - Secretary of Energy Advisory Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-29

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Secretary of Energy Advisory Board AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces an open meeting of the Secretary of Energy...: Background: The Board was reestablished to provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary on the...

76 FR 67716 - Secretary of Energy Advisory Board

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-02

... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Secretary of Energy Advisory Board AGENCY: Department of Energy. ACTION: Notice of open meeting. SUMMARY: This notice announces an open meeting of the Secretary of Energy...: Background: The Board was reestablished to provide advice and recommendations to the Secretary on the...

Review of "Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Glass, Gene V.; Barnett, Steven; Welner, Kevin G.

2010-01-01

The research summary "Successful, Safe, and Healthy Students" presents the research background for the Obama administration's proposals for comprehensive, community-wide services in high-poverty neighborhoods, extended learning time, family engagement and safe schools. While these policies have broad and common-sense appeal, the research…

76 FR 41179 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Biobased Procurements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-13

... Services Administration (GSA), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: DoD, GSA, and NASA are proposing to amend the Federal Acquisition Regulation (FAR) to.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background DoD, GSA, and NASA are proposing to amend the Federal Acquisition...

Into the 80s: Our Schools and Their Purposes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Australia Education Dept., Adelaide.

Complementing existing regulations, this policy statement for South Australian schools presents educational goals and priorities for the decade and general implications for classroom, curriculum, and resource allocation. Background discussion covers factors influencing recent developments in South Australian education, a summary of the role of…

Stephen Hawking's Universe. Teacher's Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thompson, Malcolm H.; Rameau, Jonathan D.

This program guide is meant to help teachers assist their students in viewing the six-part public television series, "Stephen Hawking's Universe." The guide features program summaries that give background information and brief synopses of the programs; previewing activities that familiarize students with the subject; vocabulary that…

Mathematics Equity. A Resource Book.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tyree, Eddy; And Others

Provided in this document is a brief summary of current research on equity in mathematics, readings on the topic, and lists of selected programs and resource materials. Readings presented include: "Teaching Mathematics in a Multicultural Setting: Some Considerations when Teachers and Students are of Differing Cultural Backgrounds"…

National emission standards for hazardous air pollutants for shipbuilding and ship repair facilities (surface coating). Background information for final standards. Volume 2. Summary of public comments and responses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1995-08-01

National emission standards for control of HAP emissions from surface coating operations at shipbuilding and ship repair facilities was promulgated under the authority of Section 112 of the Clean Air Act. The Standards will reduce air toxics from all major source shipyards (defined as those shipyards that emit 9.1 Mg/yr (10 tons/yr) or greater of any HAP material or 22.7 Mg/yr (25 tons/yr) or greater of any combination of HAP materials). This document provides: (1) the basis for the revisions made to the standards between proposal and promulgation; (2) a summary of the comments submitted and the responses to thesemore » comments; and (3) a summary of the changes made since proposal.« less

Novel combined patient instruction and discharge summary tool improves timeliness of documentation and outpatient provider satisfaction

PubMed Central

Gilliam, Meredith; Krein, Sarah L; Belanger, Karen; Fowler, Karen E; Dimcheff, Derek E; Solomon, Gabriel

2017-01-01

Background: Incomplete or delayed access to discharge information by outpatient providers and patients contributes to discontinuity of care and poor outcomes. Objective: To evaluate the effect of a new electronic discharge summary tool on the timeliness of documentation and communication with outpatient providers. Methods: In June 2012, we implemented an electronic discharge summary tool at our 145-bed university-affiliated Veterans Affairs hospital. The tool facilitates completion of a comprehensive discharge summary note that is available for patients and outpatient medical providers at the time of hospital discharge. Discharge summary note availability, outpatient provider satisfaction, and time between the decision to discharge a patient and discharge note completion were all evaluated before and after implementation of the tool. Results: The percentage of discharge summary notes completed by the time of first post-discharge clinical contact improved from 43% in February 2012 to 100% in September 2012 and was maintained at 100% in 2014. A survey of 22 outpatient providers showed that 90% preferred the new summary and 86% found it comprehensive. Despite increasing required documentation, the time required to discharge a patient, from physician decision to discharge note completion, improved from 5.6 h in 2010 to 4.1 h in 2012 (p = 0.04), and to 2.8 h in 2015 (p < 0.001). Conclusion: The implementation of a novel discharge summary tool improved the timeliness and comprehensiveness of discharge information as needed for the delivery of appropriate, high-quality follow-up care, without adversely affecting the efficiency of the discharge process. PMID:28491308

Women at Altitude: Voluntary Muscle Exercise Performance with and Without a-Adrenergic Receptor Blockage

DTIC Science & Technology

1999-02-01

a^c^lXl^^^n " T "Ś °’Jny other asPect of this Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302, and to the Office of M,n.^,m1iraifl& 1. AGENCY...OF TABLES and FIGURES iv BACKGROUND v ACKNOWLEDGMENTS vi EXECUTIVE SUMMARY j INTRODUCTION _ 2 METHODS 3 Subjects 3 Study Design 3...arrival) and 11th days of altitude residence. Total travel time by airplane and 3 t 1 < automobile from California to the summit of Pikes Peak was

A Theoretical and Experimental Study of Planing Surfaces Including Effects of Cross Section and Plan Form

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shuford, Charles L , Jr

1958-01-01

A summary is given of the background and present status of the pure-planing theory for rectangular flat plates and v-bottom surfaces. The equations reviewed are compared with experiment. In order to extend the range of available planing data, the principal planing characteristics for models having sharp bottom surfaces having constant angles of dead rise of 20 degrees and 40 degrees. Planing data were also obtained for flat-plate surfaces with very slightly rounded chines for which decreased lift and drag coefficients are obtained.

NICU Network Neurobehavioral Scale: 1-month normative data and variation from birth to 1 month.

PubMed

Provenzi, Livio; Olson, Karen; Giusti, Lorenzo; Montirosso, Rosario; DeSantis, Andrea; Tronick, Ed

2018-06-01

BackgroundThe Neonatal Intensive Care Unit Network Neurobehavioral Scale (NNNS) is a standardized method for infant neurobehavioral assessment. Normative values are available for newborns, but the NNNS is not always feasible at birth. Unfortunately, 1-month NNNS normative data are lacking.AimsTo provide normative data for the NNNS examination at 1 month and to assess birth-to-one-month changes in NNNS summary scores.Study designThe NNNS was administered at birth and at 1 month within a longitudinal prospective study design.SubjectsA cohort of 99 clinically healthy full-term infants were recruited from a well-child nursery.Outcome measuresBirth-to-1-month NNNS variations were evaluated and the association of neonatal and sociodemographic variables with the rate of change of NNNS summary scores were investigated.Results and conclusionsNNNS scores from the 10th to the 90th percentile represent a range of normative performance at 1 month. A complex pattern of stability and change emerged comparing NNNS summary scores from birth to 1 month. Orienting, Regulation, and Quality of movements significantly increased, whereas Lethargy and Hypotonicity significantly decreased. Birth-to-1-month changes in NNNS performance suggest improvements in neurobehavioral organization. These data are useful for research purposes and for clinical evaluation of neurobehavioral performance in both healthy and at-risk 1-month-old infants.

Food Science in Developing Countries: A Selection of Unsolved Problems.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Academy of Sciences - National Research Council, Washington, DC.

Presented are summaries of 42 unsolved problems in food science which exist in various developing countries throughout the world. Problems deal with new foods, food processing, food composition, nutrition, and health. Each problem presented includes the problem description, background information, possible approaches to solutions, special…

Using the Computer to Improve Basic Skills.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bozeman, William; Hierstein, William J.

These presentations offer information on the benefits of using computer-assisted instruction (CAI) for remedial education. First, William J. Hierstein offers a summary of the Computer Assisted Basic Skills Project conducted by Southeastern Community College at the Iowa State Penitentiary. Hierstein provides background on the funding for the…

75 FR 4819 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-29

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. SUMMARY: Background. On June 15, 1984, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delegated to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) its...

Reading, Perception and Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duane, Drake D., Ed.; Rawson, Margaret B., Ed.

The nine papers in this book discuss aspects of language processing that contribute to reading difficulty. After a summary of the 1974 World Congress on Dyslexia, at which these papers were presented, the following subjects are examined: historical background and educational treatment of dyslexia; the structure of language; neuroanatomy underlying…

Strategic Design for Delivery with Linked Transportation Assets : Trucks and Drones : tech transfer summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2018-01-01

The USDOT Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) research program has developed this white paper to provide stakeholders with an overview of the history, background, and plans relating to V2I Roadside Unit Research, focusing on the development of Dedicated ...

75 FR 39561 - National Fire Academy Board of Visitors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-09

...] National Fire Academy Board of Visitors AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Committee Management; Notice of Open Federal Advisory Committee Meeting. SUMMARY: The National Fire Academy Board of... the docket to read background documents or comments received by the National Fire Academy Board of...

76 FR 17425 - National Fire Academy Board of Visitors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-29

...] National Fire Academy Board of Visitors AGENCY: Federal Emergency Management Agency, DHS. ACTION: Committee Management; Notice of Open Federal Advisory Committee Meeting. SUMMARY: The National Fire Academy Board of... background documents or comments received by the National Fire Academy Board of Visitors, go to http://www...

Incentive Pay for Remotely Piloted Aircraft Career Fields

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

Fields C.1. Mathematical Symbols for Non-Stochastic Values and Shock Terms...78 C.2. Mathematical Symbols for Taste and Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . 79 xiii Summary Background and...manning requirement, even with the current incentive pays and reenlistment bonuses. 2 The mathematical foundations, data, and estimation methods for the

75 FR 53966 - Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-02

... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Proposed Agency Information Collection Activities; Comment Request AGENCY: Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. SUMMARY: Background. On June 15, 1984, the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) delegated to the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System (Board) its...

77 FR 52107 - Air Traffic Data in the Possession of Government Contractors

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

... Government Contractors AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The... possession of government contractors providing operational services to the FAA. This notice specifies how and... contractors. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A. Background On August 3, 2012, the Pilot's Bill of Rights, Public...

75 FR 68599 - Solicitation for Membership to the Forestry Research Advisory Council

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-08

... Research Advisory Council AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, USDA. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: In accordance... (USDA) announces solicitation for nominations to fill thirteen vacancies on the Forestry Research... Background Information (which can be obtained electronically from the USDA Chief Information Office at http...

Presenting evidence to patients online: what do web users think of consumer summaries of cochrane musculoskeletal reviews?

PubMed

Brehaut, Jamie C; Santesso, Nancy; O'Connor, Annette M; Lott, Alison; Lindgaard, Gitte; Syrowatka, Ania; Graham, Ian D; Tugwell, Peter S

2011-01-18

The Internet has the potential to be an effective medium for delivering health care knowledge to consumers. While computer usability research makes recommendations about how to present Web-based information generally, there remains no clear guidance on how to present specific forms of health care research evidence online in a way that facilitates understanding and good health care decision making. The two goals of this study were to describe the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Group's (CMSG's) process for developing online patient-focused summaries of systematic reviews and to evaluate the impressions of these summaries formed by users. A process for summarizing the results of systematic reviews via consumer summaries has evolved over 15 years. An evaluation of this approach took the form of Internet surveys on the Arthritis Society of Canada website and surveys of members of the Canadian Arthritis Patient Alliance (CAPA). Respondents provided information on background, relationship to the decision, their satisfaction with and preparation for decision making, and suggestions for improvements to the summaries. Survey data were collected between August 1, 2005, and February 28, 2006. A total of 261 respondents completed the survey. The majority (226/261 or 87%) of respondents reported having an arthritis-related condition. The consumer summary approach was generally reviewed favorably by respondents, with most agreeing that the summary provided appropriate information (177/261 or 68%), would be useful to others (160/261 or 61%), was well laid out (159/261 or 61%), was easy to learn from (157/261 or 60%), and was useful to the reader (153/261 or 59%). Areas of potential improvement were indicated by relatively fewer respondents agreeing that they could easily find all the information they wanted (118/261 or 45%), by a substantial proportion being unable to judge whether the providers of the information are reliable (80/261 or 31%), and by a similar proportion being unable to determine whether the information presented was the best available (68/261 or 26%). The CMSG has developed an approach to summarizing the results of often-technical systematic reviews into public-friendly consumer summaries. Our online survey showed that this approach was generally well liked but identified specific areas for improvement. Feedback from this survey will help to reshape and improve the current template for consumer summaries used by the CMSG.

A Review of Online Evidence-based Practice Point-of-Care Information Summary Providers

PubMed Central

Liberati, Alessandro; Moschetti, Ivan; Tagliabue, Ludovica; Moja, Lorenzo

2010-01-01

Background Busy clinicians need easy access to evidence-based information to inform their clinical practice. Publishers and organizations have designed specific tools to meet doctors’ needs at the point of care. Objective The aim of this study was to describe online point-of-care summaries and evaluate their breadth, content development, and editorial policy against their claims of being “evidence-based.” Methods We searched Medline, Google, librarian association websites, and information conference proceedings from January to December 2008. We included English Web-based point-of-care summaries designed to deliver predigested, rapidly accessible, comprehensive, periodically updated, evidence-based information to clinicians. Two investigators independently extracted data on the general characteristics and content presentation of summaries. We assessed and ranked point-of-care products according to: (1) coverage (volume) of medical conditions, (2) editorial quality, and (3) evidence-based methodology. We explored how these factors were associated. Results We retrieved 30 eligible summaries. Of these products, 18 met our inclusion criteria and were qualitatively described, and 16 provided sufficient data for quantitative evaluation. The median volume of medical conditions covered was 80.6% (interquartile range, 68.9% - 84.2%) and varied for the different products. Similarly, differences emerged for editorial policy (median 8.0, interquartile range 5.8 - 10.3) and evidence-based methodology scores (median 10.0, interquartile range 1.0 - 12.8) on a 15-point scale. None of these dimensions turned out to be significantly associated with the other dimensions (editorial quality and volume, Spearman rank correlation r = -0.001, P = .99; evidence-based methodology and volume, r = -0.19, P = .48; editorial and evidence-based methodology, r = 0.43, P =.09). Conclusions Publishers are moving to develop point-of-care summary products. Some of these have better profiles than others, and there is room for improved reporting of the strengths and weaknesses of these products. PMID:20610379

Comparison of Alternative Evidence Summary and Presentation Formats in Clinical Guideline Development: A Mixed-Method Study

PubMed Central

Opiyo, Newton; Shepperd, Sasha; Musila, Nyokabi; Allen, Elizabeth; Nyamai, Rachel; Fretheim, Atle; English, Mike

2013-01-01

Background Best formats for summarising and presenting evidence for use in clinical guideline development remain less well defined. We aimed to assess the effectiveness of different evidence summary formats to address this gap. Methods Healthcare professionals attending a one-week Kenyan, national guideline development workshop were randomly allocated to receive evidence packaged in three different formats: systematic reviews (SRs) alone, systematic reviews with summary-of-findings tables, and ‘graded-entry’ formats (a ‘front-end’ summary and a contextually framed narrative report plus the SR). The influence of format on the proportion of correct responses to key clinical questions, the primary outcome, was assessed using a written test. The secondary outcome was a composite endpoint, measured on a 5-point scale, of the clarity of presentation and ease of locating the quality of evidence for critical neonatal outcomes. Interviews conducted within two months following completion of trial data collection explored panel members’ views on the evidence summary formats and experiences with appraisal and use of research information. Results 65 (93%) of 70 participants completed questions on the prespecified outcome measures. There were no differences between groups in the odds of correct responses to key clinical questions. ‘Graded-entry’ formats were associated with a higher mean composite score for clarity and accessibility of information about the quality of evidence for critical neonatal outcomes compared to systematic reviews alone (adjusted mean difference 0.52, 95% CI 0.06 to 0.99). There was no difference in the mean composite score between SR with SoF tables and SR alone. Findings from interviews with 16 panelists indicated that short narrative evidence reports were preferred for the improved clarity of information presentation and ease of use. Conclusions Our findings suggest that ‘graded-entry’ evidence summary formats may improve clarity and accessibility of research evidence in clinical guideline development. Trial Registration Controlled-Trials.com ISRCTN05154264 PMID:23372813

The Short Physical Performance Battery is a discriminative tool for identifying patients with COPD at risk of disability

PubMed Central

Bernabeu-Mora, Roberto; Medina-Mirapeix, Françesc; Llamazares-Herrán, Eduardo; García-Guillamón, Gloria; Giménez-Giménez, Luz María; Sánchez-Nieto, Juan Miguel

2015-01-01

Background Limited mobility is a risk factor for developing chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)-related disabilities. Little is known about the validity of the Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB) for identifying mobility limitations in patients with COPD. Objective To determine the clinical validity of the SPPB summary score and its three components (standing balance, 4-meter gait speed, and five-repetition sit-to-stand) for identifying mobility limitations in patients with COPD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 137 patients with COPD, recruited from a hospital in Spain. Muscle strength tests and SPPB were measured; then, patients were surveyed for self-reported mobility limitations. The validity of SPPB scores was analyzed by developing receiver operating characteristic curves to analyze the sensitivity and specificity for identifying patients with mobility limitations; by examining group differences in SPPB scores across categories of mobility activities; and by correlating SPPB scores to strength tests. Results Only the SPPB summary score and the five-repetition sit-to-stand components showed good discriminative capabilities; both showed areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves greater than 0.7. Patients with limitations had significantly lower SPPB scores than patients without limitations in nine different mobility activities. SPPB scores were moderately correlated with the quadriceps test (r>0.40), and less correlated with the handgrip test (r<0.30), which reinforced convergent and divergent validities. A SPPB summary score cutoff of 10 provided the best accuracy for identifying mobility limitations. Conclusion This study provided evidence for the validity of the SPPB summary score and the five-repetition sit-to-stand test for assessing mobility in patients with COPD. These tests also showed potential as a screening test for identifying patients with COPD that have mobility limitations. PMID:26664110

Ozone, Climate, and Global Atmospheric Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Levine, Joel S.

1992-01-01

Presents an overview of global atmospheric problems relating to ozone depletion and global warming. Provides background information on the composition of the earth's atmosphere and origin of atmospheric ozone. Describes causes, effects, and evidence of ozone depletion and the greenhouse effect. A vignette provides a summary of a 1991 assessment of…

Management Information for the Smaller Bookstore

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gehm, Rudy

1977-01-01

Guidelines are offered for bookstore managers with a minimal background in accounting or finance. Two journals need to be maintained--a "Sales Journal" and a modified "Cash Disbursements Journal"--to record daily sales and summaries of the number and value of invoices and credits passed for payment or deduction by department. (LBH)

Measuring School Climate: An Overview of Measurement Scales

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kohl, Diane; Recchia, Sophie; Steffgen, Georges

2013-01-01

Background: School climate is a heterogeneous concept with a multitude of standardised and validated instruments available to measure it. Purpose: This overview of measurement scales aims to provide researchers with short summaries of some of the self-report instruments in existence, especially in relation to the link between school climate and…

Summary and Evaluation of the Regional Educational Diagnostic Treatment Center 1966-1969.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Elementary and Secondary Education (DHEW/OE), Washington, DC.

A diagnostic treatment center for learning disabilities and emotional problems was developed to serve six school systems. Evaluation by the multidisciplinary staff covered behavior, family background, health, and intellectual, perceptual motor, emotional, and educational functioning. Treatment plans, developed by the team which subsequently met…

78 FR 40479 - Declaration That Circumstances Exist Justifying Authorization of Emergency Use of All Oral...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-05

.... ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Secretary of Homeland Security determined on September 23, 2008, that there... specified biological, chemical, radiological, or nuclear agent or agents--in this case, Bacillus anthracis...). SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background On September 23, 2008, former Secretary of Homeland Security, [[Page...

76 FR 72328 - Miscellaneous Administrative Changes

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-23

... rule. SUMMARY: This direct final rule amends the NASA FAR Supplement (NFS) to make miscellaneous non... changes in the functions or authority of the NFS. NASA expects no opposition to the changes and no.... Background This final rule makes several administrative changes to the NFS. The numbering in NASA FAR...

Summary of 1971 pattern recognition program development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whitley, S. L.

1972-01-01

Eight areas related to pattern recognition analysis at the Earth Resources Laboratory are discussed: (1) background; (2) Earth Resources Laboratory goals; (3) software problems/limitations; (4) operational problems/limitations; (5) immediate future capabilities; (6) Earth Resources Laboratory data analysis system; (7) general program needs and recommendations; and (8) schedule and milestones.

75 FR 24970 - FBI Records Management Division National Name Check Program Section User Fees

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-06

... Division National Name Check Program Section User Fees AGENCY: Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), Justice. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: This notice establishes the user fee schedule for federal agencies... user fees for federal agencies requesting noncriminal name-based background checks of the Central...

A Grammar of Belep

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCracken, Chelsea Leigh

2012-01-01

This dissertation is a description of the grammar of Belep [yly], an Austronesian language variety spoken by about 1600 people in and around the Belep Isles in New Caledonia. The grammar begins with a summary of the cultural and linguistic background of Belep speakers, followed by chapters on Belep phonology and phonetics, morphology and word…

75 FR 81087 - Plum Pox Virus; Update of Quarantined Areas

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-27

.... APHIS-2010-0089] Plum Pox Virus; Update of Quarantined Areas AGENCY: Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, USDA. ACTION: Interim rule and request for comments. SUMMARY: We are amending the plum pox virus.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background The plum pox virus (PPV) is an extremely serious viral disease of plants...

Relevance Revisited: Curriculum Development in the Humanities. No. II: Administrative Strategies for Curriculum Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mondale, Clarence C., Ed.

Papers presented in advance of a workshop on "administrative strategies" for curricular change in the humanities and brief summaries of discussions taking place at the workshop are provided. Background papers include: "Curricular Change and the Humanities," by Edward A. Lindell; "Developing Administrative Strategies for…

ASPER Research and Evaluation Projects 1970-79.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

1980

This inventory of research and evaluation projects completed during calendar years 1970-1979 for the Office of the Assistant Secretary for Policy, Education, and Research (ASPER) of the Department of Labor contains summaries of projects on economic, social, and policy background; the labor market; the nature and impact of Department of Labor…

The Essentials of Baccalaureate Education for Professional Nursing Practice.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Washington, DC.

This report presents recommendations of an American Association of Colleges of Nursing (AACN) task force which revised existing guidelines for nursing education. An introduction provides background information and notes major trends in health care and nursing. Also provided is a summary of the revision process which included two invitational…

Analysis of Costs and Benefits in Rehabilitation. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berkowitz, Monroe, Ed.; And Others

This report suggests feasible alternatives to the present methods of calculating benefits and costs of the joint federal-state vocational rehabilitation program. "Summary and Guide to Reading This Report" (Monroe Berkowitz) appears first. Part I, Background, Theory and Models, includes "The Cost Benefit Tradition in Vocational Rehabilitation"…

Word and World Reading: Evaluation Report and Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

See, Beng Huat; Gorard, Stephen; Siddiqui, Nadia

2015-01-01

The Word and World Reading programme aimed to improve the reading comprehension and wider literacy skills of children aged 7-9 from low income families. The programme focused on improving the vocabulary and background knowledge (sometimes labelled "core knowledge") of pupils, through the use of specially designed "knowledge…

78 FR 14740 - Disaster Assistance; Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG) Program-Deadline Extensions and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... [Docket ID FEMA-2013-0004] RIN 1660-AA78 Disaster Assistance; Fire Management Assistance Grant (FMAG..., DHS. ACTION: Proposed rule. SUMMARY: FEMA proposes to revise its Fire Management Assistance Grant...-2340, or (email) [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background The Fire Management...

75 FR 11186 - National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine Announcement of Workshop on Natural...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-10

... Complementary and Alternative Medicine Announcement of Workshop on Natural Products ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: As part of its strategic planning process, the National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine... attend. Seating is limited. Background: The National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine...

Determination of Background Concentrations of Inorganics in Soils and Sediments at Hazardous Waste Sites

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

The purpose of this paper is to provide RPMs and others investigating hazardous waste sites a summary of the technical issues that need to be considered when determining if a site (i.e., hazardous waste site/area of concern) has elevated levels of ...

75 FR 56795 - Energy Conservation Program: Certification, Compliance, and Enforcement for Consumer Products and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-16

... one signed paper original. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of Energy...-2945. Please submit one signed paper original. Instructions: All submissions received must include the... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Authority and Background II. Summary of the Proposal A. Reorganization of DOE's...

Vocational-Technical Marine Career Opportunities in Texas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollin, Dewayne

Presented are background information and descriptions of jobs in various Texas marine industries, as well as a summary of the training required for particular positions. Since the emphasis is upon vocational-technical training for immediate job placement, most opportunities discussed require a high school diploma and some on-the-job education.…

Identifying and regulating carcinogens. Background paper

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1987-11-01

Contents include: Introduction and summary; policies for testing, assessing, and regulating carcinogens; federal agency assessment and regulation of carcinogens; the national toxicology program; agency responses to the annual report on carcinogens and NCI/NTP test results; statutory authority for regulating carcinogens; chemicals listed in annual report on carcinogens and NCI/NTP test results.

U.S. Strategic Nuclear Forces: Background, Developments, and Issues

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-02-10

This program area is specifically seeking to support the solid rocket motor research and development industrial base , so that it will have the...... Research Service Summary Even though the United States is in the process of reducing the number of warheads deployed on its long-range missiles and

APA's Guidelines for Test User Qualifications: An Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Samuel M.; DeMers, Stephen T.; Fox, Heather Roberts; Reed, Geoffrey M.

2001-01-01

Describes the American Psychological Association's (APA's) development of the Task Force on Test User Qualifications, explaining the APA's purpose in developing guidelines for the use of psychological tests. Highlights the historical background, the scope of the guidelines, generic knowledge and skills considered important for good test use, and…

A Comprehensive Program for Handicapped Students at the Two-Year College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanson, Karen M.

A summary is presented of the objectives and activities of a grant-supported project conducted at Normandale Community College (NCC) to expand programming for handicapped and learning disabled students. Introductory material provides a background to NCC's efforts in aiding students with special needs. Next, the populations receiving assistance…

17 CFR 229.903 - (Item 903) Summary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY... distribution policies, form of ownership interest or management compensation; (ii) The general partner's...)); (5) The background of and reasons for the roll-up transaction, as well as alternatives to the roll-up...

17 CFR 229.903 - (Item 903) Summary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY... distribution policies, form of ownership interest or management compensation; (ii) The general partner's...)); (5) The background of and reasons for the roll-up transaction, as well as alternatives to the roll-up...

17 CFR 229.903 - (Item 903) Summary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY... distribution policies, form of ownership interest or management compensation; (ii) The general partner's...)); (5) The background of and reasons for the roll-up transaction, as well as alternatives to the roll-up...

17 CFR 229.903 - (Item 903) Summary.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... INSTRUCTIONS FOR FILING FORMS UNDER SECURITIES ACT OF 1933, SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 AND ENERGY POLICY... distribution policies, form of ownership interest or management compensation; (ii) The general partner's...)); (5) The background of and reasons for the roll-up transaction, as well as alternatives to the roll-up...

40 CFR 74.1 - Purpose and scope.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Purpose and scope. 74.1 Section 74.1 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.1 Purpose and scope. The purpose of this part is to establish the...

Mission Safety Evaluation Report for STS-43, Postflight Edition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, William C.; Finkel, Seymour I.

1991-01-01

Some of the topics covered include: (1) an STS-43 mission summary; (2) safety risks factors/issues; (3) resolved STS-43 safety risk factors; (4) STS-40 inflight anomalies; (5) STS-37 inflight anomalies; and (6) STS-43 inflight anomalies. Background information and a list of acronyms are also presented.

Mission Safety Evaluation Report for STS-32, Postflight Edition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hill, William C.; Finkel, Seymour I.

1990-01-01

The topics covered include: (1) an STS-32 mission summary; (2) safety risk factors/issues; (3) resolved STS-32 safety risk factors; (4) STS-32 inflight anomalies; (5) STS-28 inflight anomalies; and (6) STS-32 inflight anomalies. Background information and a list of acronyms are also presented.

Future Changes: Implications for Arizona's Universities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Caldwell, Roger L.

One of the working papers in the final report of the Arizona Board of Regents' Task Force on Excellence, Efficiency and Competitiveness, this document focuses (in Part I) on the summary, conclusions, and recommendations of future changes and their relationship to the Arizona Universities; and, (in Part II) provides background materials for…

75 FR 2153 - Certificate of Alternative Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel C-CHARIOT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-14

... Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel C-CHARIOT AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard announces that a Certificate of Alternative Compliance was issued for the offshore supply..., telephone 202-366-9826. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background and Purpose The offshore supply vessel C...

75 FR 4579 - Certificate of Alternative Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel C-AGGRESSOR

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-28

... Compliance for the Offshore Supply Vessel C-AGGRESSOR AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard announces that a Certificate of Alternative Compliance was issued for the offshore supply... Operations, telephone 202-366-9826. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background and Purpose The offshore supply...

National Emission Standards for Hazardous Air Pollutants (NESHAP) for Lime Manufacturing Background Information Document (BID): Public Comments and Responses

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

On December 20, 2002, the EPA proposed national emission standards for HAP emissions from lime manufacturing plants located at major source facilities (67 FR 78046). Summaries of the comments, and the EPA's responses, are presented in this BID.

Computer-Aided Corrosion Program Management

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

MacDowell, Louis

2010-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews Computer-Aided Corrosion Program Management at John F. Kennedy Space Center. The contents include: 1) Corrosion at the Kennedy Space Center (KSC); 2) Requirements and Objectives; 3) Program Description, Background and History; 4) Approach and Implementation; 5) Challenges; 6) Lessons Learned; 7) Successes and Benefits; and 8) Summary and Conclusions.

76 FR 56809 - Proposed Assessment of Annual Needs for the List I Chemicals Ephedrine, Pseudoephedrine, and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

.... SUMMARY: This notice proposes the initial year 2012 assessment of annual needs for certain List I... INFORMATION CONTACT paragraph. Background The proposed 2012 assessment of annual needs represents those... assessment of annual needs for ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and phenylpropanolamine, DEA has taken into...

76 FR 31495 - National Organic Program, Sunset Review (2013)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-01

... rulemaking with request for comments. SUMMARY: The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA) requires.... SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Background The Organic Foods Production Act of 1990 (OFPA), 7 U.S.C. 6501 et seq... as ``organic'' or ``made with organic (specified ingredients or food groups(s)).'' The allowed uses...

77 FR 21057 - Short-Term Investment Funds

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-09

... companies, as defined by the RFA. No small national banks or federal branches and agencies report management..., click on ``Submit a Comment'' or ``Open Docket Folder'' to submit or view public comments and to view... also view or request available background documents and project summaries using the methods described...

A summary report of six demonstration projects to reduce alcohol-impaired driving among 21- to 34-year-old drivers

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-04-01

This report summarizes six projects designed to address impaired driving among 21- to 34-year-olds. The report is organized into five chapters. The first chapter discusses the background and initiation of the projects. The second chapter provides a s...

76 FR 44289 - Amendment to Standard for All-Terrain Vehicles; Notice of Proposed Rulemaking

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

.... ACTION: Notice of proposed rulemaking. SUMMARY: The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008.... Background The Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act of 2008 (``CPSIA'') directed the Commission to... and the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act's (CPSIA) lead content requirements on ATVs intended...

Graduate Education. Advisory Centre Occasional Papers in University Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Adelaide Univ. (Australia).

Four papers presented at a seminar on graduate education sponsored by the Advisory Centre for University Education at The University of Adelaide and the Flinders University Educational Research Unit in Australia are presented. In "Teaching and Learning in Graduate Education: An Overview," Robert Cannon provides a background summary of developments…

MULTIMEDIA ENVIRONMENTAL GOALS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT: VOLUME III. MEG CHARTS AND BACKGROUND INFORMATION SUMMARIES (CATEGORIES 1-12)

EPA Science Inventory

Multimedia Environmental Goals (MEG's) are levels of significant contaminants or degradents (in ambient air, water, or land or in emissions of effluents conveyed to the ambient media) that are judged to be (1) appropriate for preventing certain negative effects in the surrounding...

76 FR 56949 - Biomass Crop Assistance Program; Corrections

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-15

.... ACTION: Interim rule; correction. SUMMARY: The Commodity Credit Corporation (CCC) is amending the Biomass... funds in favor of the ``project area'' portion of BCAP. CCC is also correcting errors in the regulation... INFORMATION: Background CCC published a final rule on October 27, 2010 (75 FR 66202-66243) implementing BCAP...

Advanced Planning and Scheduling Initiative- MrSpock Aims for Xmas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steel, R.; Niezette, M.; Cesta, A.; Fratini, S.; Oddi, A.; Cortellessa, G.; Rasconi, R.; Verfaillie, G.; Pralet, C.; Lavagna, M.; Brambilla, A.; Castellini, F.; Donati, A.; Policella, N.

2009-09-01

This paper will outline the framework and tools developed under the Advanced Planning and Schedule Initiative (APSI) study performed by VEGA for the European Space Agency in collaboration with three academic institutions, ISTC-CNR, ONERA, and Politecnico di Milano. We will start by illustrating the background history to APSI and why it was needed, giving a brief summary of all the partners within the project and the roles they played within it. We will then take a closer look at what the APSI study actually consisted of, showing the techniques that were used and illustrating the framework that was developed within the scope of the project. This will be followed by an elaboration on the three demonstration test scenarios that have been developed as part of the project to validated the framework and demonstrate in an operational environment its applicability, illustrating the re-use and synergies between the three cases along the way. We will finally conclude with a brief summary and outline future directions to be further investigated and expanded on within the context of the work performed within the project.

Writing implementation research grant proposals: ten key ingredients

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background All investigators seeking funding to conduct implementation research face the challenges of preparing a high-quality proposal and demonstrating their capacity to conduct the proposed study. Applicants need to demonstrate the progressive nature of their research agenda and their ability to build cumulatively upon the literature and their own preliminary studies. Because implementation science is an emerging field involving complex and multilevel processes, many investigators may not feel equipped to write competitive proposals, and this concern is pronounced among early stage implementation researchers. Discussion This article addresses the challenges of preparing grant applications that succeed in the emerging field of dissemination and implementation. We summarize ten ingredients that are important in implementation research grants. For each, we provide examples of how preliminary data, background literature, and narrative detail in the application can strengthen the application. Summary Every investigator struggles with the challenge of fitting into a page-limited application the research background, methodological detail, and information that can convey the project’s feasibility and likelihood of success. While no application can include a high level of detail about every ingredient, addressing the ten ingredients summarized in this article can help assure reviewers of the significance, feasibility, and impact of the proposed research. PMID:23062065

Personal hair dyes use and risk of glioma: a meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Shao, Chuan; Qi, Zhen-Yu; Hui, Guo-Zhen; Wang, Zhong

2013-01-01

Background and Objective: Use of hair dyes for glioma risk has been investigated in numerous epidemiological studies, but the evidence is inconsistent. Therefore, a meta-analysis was performed to estimate the association between hair dyes use and glioma risk. Methods: We searched PubMed and EMBASE databases without any limitations, covering all papers published by the end of March 8, 2013. Cohort and case-control studies reporting relative risk estimates (RRs) with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) (or data to calculate them) on this issue were included. Random effects models were used to calculate the pooled RRs and corresponding 95% CIs. Results: Four case-control and two cohort studies were included in this meta-analysis. The summary RRs and 95 % CIs for ever users of any hair dyes were 1.132 (0.887-1.446) for all studies, 1.291 (0.938-1.777) for case-control studies, and 0.903 (0.774-1.054) for cohort studies. In the subgroup analysis by geographic regions and sex, the similar results were detected. No significant associations were also observed among the studies which reported data involving permanent hair dye use and duration of any hair dye use. Conclusion: In summary, the results of our study demonstrated that hair dyes use is not associated with risk of glioma. PMID:24179568

Summary Report of the Defense Sciences Research Council Summer Conference Held in La Jolla, California on July 6 - 31, 1992.

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-07-01

environments of high temperature or high electrical background noise . The sensitivity or speed of the sensor may not be adequate. The sensor signal may be...hard to interpret, or to deconvolve from background noise . These are all issues that must be addressed; however, at the present, there is still much...WAVELENGTH 3 (4 AND 8-101gM) QWIP DETECTOR I I i QW #2 WAFER MOW #1 Substrate THREE TERMINAL DEVICE I UNEAR RRA /Output Device #2Output Device #1 Sp

An Automated Summarization Assessment Algorithm for Identifying Summarizing Strategies

PubMed Central

Abdi, Asad; Idris, Norisma; Alguliyev, Rasim M.; Aliguliyev, Ramiz M.

2016-01-01

Background Summarization is a process to select important information from a source text. Summarizing strategies are the core cognitive processes in summarization activity. Since summarization can be important as a tool to improve comprehension, it has attracted interest of teachers for teaching summary writing through direct instruction. To do this, they need to review and assess the students' summaries and these tasks are very time-consuming. Thus, a computer-assisted assessment can be used to help teachers to conduct this task more effectively. Design/Results This paper aims to propose an algorithm based on the combination of semantic relations between words and their syntactic composition to identify summarizing strategies employed by students in summary writing. An innovative aspect of our algorithm lies in its ability to identify summarizing strategies at the syntactic and semantic levels. The efficiency of the algorithm is measured in terms of Precision, Recall and F-measure. We then implemented the algorithm for the automated summarization assessment system that can be used to identify the summarizing strategies used by students in summary writing. PMID:26735139

JT9D engine diagnostics. Task 2: Feasibility study of measuring in-service flight loads. [747 aircraft performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kafka, P. G.; Skibo, M. A.; White, J. L.

1977-01-01

The feasibility of measuring JT9D propulsion system flight inertia loads on a 747 airplane is studied. Flight loads background is discussed including the current status of 747/JT9D loads knowledge. An instrumentation and test plan is formulated for an airline-owned in-service airplane and the Boeing-owned RA001 test airplane. Technical and cost comparisons are made between these two options. An overall technical feasibility evaluation is made and a cost summary presented. Conclusions and recommendations are presented in regard to using existing inertia loads data versus conducting a flight test to measure inertia loads.

BCTR: Biological and Chemical Technologies Research 1994 annual summary report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petersen, G.

1995-02-01

The annual summary report presents the fiscal year (FY) 1994 research activities and accomplishments for the United States Department of Energy (DOE) Biological and Chemical Technologies Research (BCTR) Program of the Advanced Industrial Concepts Division (AICD). This AICD program resides within the Office of Industrial Technologies (OIT) of the Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EE). Although the OIT was reorganized in 1991 and AICD no longer exists, this document reports on efforts conducted under the former structure. The annual summary report for 1994 (ASR 94) contains the following: program description (including BCTR program mission statement, historical background, relevance,more » goals and objectives); program structure and organization, selected technical and programmatic highlights for 1994; detailed descriptions of individual projects; a listing of program output, including a bibliography of published work; patents, and awards arising from work supported by BCTR.« less

Asymmetric and Symmetric Dimethylarginine as Risk Markers for Total Mortality and Cardiovascular Outcomes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies

PubMed Central

Schlesinger, Sabrina; Sonntag, Svenja R.

2016-01-01

Background A growing number of studies linked elevated concentrations of circulating asymmetric (ADMA) and symmetric (SDMA) dimethylarginine to mortality and cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. To summarize the evidence, we conducted a systematic review and quantified associations of ADMA and SDMA with the risks of all-cause mortality and incident CVD in meta-analyses accounting for different populations and methodological approaches of the studies. Methods Relevant studies were identified in PubMed until February 2015. We used random effect models to obtain summary relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs), comparing top versus bottom tertiles. Dose-response relations were assessed by restricted cubic spline regression models and potential non-linearity was evaluated using a likelihood ratio test. Heterogeneity between subgroups was assessed by meta-regression analysis. Results For ADMA, 34 studies (total n = 32,428) investigating associations with all-cause mortality (events = 5,035) and 30 studies (total n = 30,624) investigating the association with incident CVD (events = 3,396) were included. The summary RRs (95%CI) for all-cause mortality were 1.52 (1.37–1.68) and for CVD 1.33 (1.22–1.45), comparing high versus low ADMA concentrations. Slight differences were observed across study populations and methodological approaches, with the strongest association of ADMA being reported with all-cause mortality in critically ill patients. For SDMA, 17 studies (total n = 18,163) were included for all-cause mortality (events = 2,903), and 13 studies (total n = 16,807) for CVD (events = 1,534). High vs. low levels of SDMA, were associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality [summary RR (95%CI): 1.31 (1.18–1.46)] and CVD [summary RR (95%CI): 1.36 (1.10–1.68) Strongest associations were observed in general population samples. Conclusions The dimethylarginines ADMA and SDMA are independent risk markers for all-cause mortality and CVD across different populations and methodological approaches. PMID:27812151

Pilot age and expertise predict flight simulator performance

PubMed Central

Kennedy, Quinn; Noda, Art; Yesavage, Jerome A.

2010-01-01

Background Expert knowledge may compensate for age-related declines in basic cognitive and sensory-motor abilities in some skill domains. We investigated the influence of age and aviation expertise (indexed by Federal Aviation Administration pilot ratings) on longitudinal flight simulator performance. Methods Over a 3-year period, 118 general aviation pilots aged 40 to 69 years were tested annually, in which their flight performance was scored in terms of 1) executing air-traffic controller communications; 2) traffic avoidance; 3) scanning cockpit instruments; 4) executing an approach to landing; and 5) a flight summary score. Results More expert pilots had better flight summary scores at baseline and showed less decline over time. Secondary analyses revealed that expertise effects were most evident in the accuracy of executing aviation communications, the measure on which performance declined most sharply over time. Regarding age, even though older pilots initially performed worse than younger pilots, over time older pilots showed less decline in flight summary scores than younger pilots. Secondary analyses revealed that the oldest pilots did well over time because their traffic avoidance performance improved more vs younger pilots. Conclusions These longitudinal findings support previous cross-sectional studies in aviation as well as non-aviation domains, which demonstrated the advantageous effect of prior experience and specialized expertise on older adults’ skilled cognitive performances. PMID:17325270

An innovative demonstration of high power density in a compact MHD generator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lineberry, J. T.; Schmidt, H. J.; Chapman, J. N.

1988-05-01

This document is the first semi-annual report for this project. It has been prepared in accordance with contractual reporting obligations and contains a written summary of the research work which has been performed since the beginning of the project through March 31, 1988. During this period, research work has included a variety of studies on several aspects of the overall project as was needed to scope out the requirements for proceeding with a detailed design of experimental hardware. One of the major objectives of these efforts was to provide a definition of operating conditions that are required to allow this MHD system to meet the program objectives. These background studies encompassed detailed analyses of the combustion of the aluminum/carbon (Al:C) solid fuel and evaluations of the gas dynamic characteristics of the combustion plasma produced by combustion. Another major effort was that of analyses and predictions of the performance of conceptual designs for the MHD generator. Both of these tasks were directed at obtaining necessary information which would allow geometric scaling of the experimental MHD system. A summary of the design studies that were performed is given within the body of this report.

Providing Seismotectonic Information to the Public Through Continuously Updated National Earthquake Information Center Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bernardino, M. J.; Hayes, G. P.; Dannemann, F.; Benz, H.

2012-12-01

One of the main missions of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC) is the dissemination of information to national and international agencies, scientists, and the general public through various products such as ShakeMap and earthquake summary posters. During the summer of 2012, undergraduate and graduate student interns helped to update and improve our series of regional seismicity posters and regional tectonic summaries. The "Seismicity of the Earth (1900-2007)" poster placed over a century's worth of global seismicity data in the context of plate tectonics, highlighting regions that have experienced great (M+8.0) earthquakes, and the tectonic settings of those events. This endeavor became the basis for a series of more regionalized seismotectonic posters that focus on major subduction zones and their associated seismicity, including the Aleutian and Caribbean arcs. The first round of these posters were inclusive of events through 2007, and were made with the intent of being continually updated. Each poster includes a regional tectonic summary, a seismic hazard map, focal depth cross-sections, and a main map that illustrates the following: the main subduction zone and other physiographic features, seismicity, and rupture zones of historic great earthquakes. Many of the existing regional seismotectonic posters have been updated and new posters highlighting regions of current seismological interest have been created, including the Sumatra and Java arcs, the Middle East region and the Himalayas (all of which are currently in review). These new editions include updated lists of earthquakes, expanded tectonic summaries, updated relative plate motion vectors, and major crustal faults. These posters thus improve upon previous editions that included only brief tectonic discussions of the most prominent features and historic earthquakes, and which did not systematically represent non-plate boundary faults. Regional tectonic summaries provide the public with immediate background information useful for teaching and media related purposes and are an essential component to many NEIC products. As part of the NEIC's earthquake response, rapid earthquake summary posters are created in the hours following a significant global earthquake. These regional tectonic summaries are included in each earthquake summary poster along with a discussion of the event, written by research scientists at the NEIC, often with help from regional experts. Now, through the efforts of this and related studies, event webpages will automatically contain a regional tectonic summary immediately after an event has been posted. These new summaries include information about plate boundary interactions and other associated tectonic elements, trends in seismicity and brief descriptions of significant earthquakes that have occurred in a region. The tectonic summaries for the following regions have been updated as part of this work: South America, the Caribbean, Alaska and the Aleutians, Kuril-Kamchatka, Japan and vicinity, and Central America, with newly created summaries for Sumatra and Java, the Mediterranean, Middle East, and the Himalayas. The NEIC is currently planning to integrate concise stylized maps with each tectonic summary for display on the USGS website.

The Holocaust: A North Carolina Teacher's Resource.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Carolina State Council on the Holocaust, Raleigh.

A guide for teaching about the Holocaust, this document is divided into three main parts: overviews, lesson plans, and student handouts. Seven overviews provide short summaries of a topic related to the Holocaust. Intended to supplement the information in textbooks and provide a background for teaching the lessons that follow, the topics include a…

Pre-School Education for Children Living in Sparsely Populated Areas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council for Cultural Cooperation, Strasbourg (France). Committee for General and Technical Education.

This report describes the proceedings of a symposium on rural preschool education, one of four conferences in a Council of Europe preschool project relating to equal educational opportunity. Delegates from 19 European countries participated. Included in this report are summaries of a paper on the ecology of childhood (discussing the background of…

77 FR 43103 - Policy on the 2009 Revision of the International Maritime Organization Code for the Construction...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... Offshore Drilling Units AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice of availability. SUMMARY: The Coast Guard...), Code for the Construction and Equipment of Mobile Offshore Drilling Units, 2009 (2009 MODU Code). CG...: Background and Purpose Foreign documented MODUs engaged in any offshore activity associated with the...

Long-term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology--the Concrete Pavement Road Map (second generation) : Volume I, Background and Summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-04-01

The Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology (CP Road Map) is a holistic strategic plan for concrete : pavement research and technology transfer. The CP Road Map is a living plan that includes 12 distinct but integrated research :...

Long-term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology--the Concrete Pavement Road Map : Volume I, Background and summary

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2005-09-01

The Long-Term Plan for Concrete Pavement Research and Technology (CP Road Map) is a holistic, strategic plan : for concrete pavement research and technology transfer. The CP Road Map is a 7- to 10-year plan that includes 12 : distinct but integrated ...

Creativity and Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shaheen, Robina

2010-01-01

This paper starts with a brief background of the link between creativity and education, including the beginning of the most recent interest in the two. There is a short summary of the reasons for this renewed interest. This is followed by a discussion into the dissatisfactions over current education and its changing role in the light of increasing…

Catholic Schools for the 21st Century. Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guerra, Michael; And Others

This publication features highlights of the major findings made by delegates to a meeting of the National Congress of Catholic Schools, held in Washington, D.C. in November, 1991. Divided into three chapters, the first chapter provides background information and explains the process by which the National Congress of Catholic Schools acts. The…

A Blueprint for the Future: Corporate Plan, 1995-2000.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aurora Coll., Fort Smith (Northwest Territories).

Providing a blueprint for the future of Aurora College (AC), in the Northwest Territories, Canada, this plan describes general directions and strategies for the period from 1995 to 2000. Following a summary, section 1 provides background to the development of the plan, while section 2 provides information on the college, including data on students…

With Justice for All. School Desegregation Bulletin Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siggers, Kathleen, Ed.

This bulletin contains four articles, each by a different author, that present different aspects of the legal questions surrounding school desegregation. The articles begin with a background summary of the important decisions that have led to the present position of the courts, by Roy E. Chapman. Next, J. Harold Flannery discusses implications…

Federal Standards for Child Abuse and Neglect Prevention and Treatment Programs and Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Higgs, A. Catherine

Presented are federal standards designed to synthesize and describe the knowledge available on the prevention and treatment of child abuse and negect. A summary chapter (Chapter I) covers background information, organization and content of the standards, and utilization of the standards. Chapter II discusses the relationships among children,…

Fact Sheet: Final Rule to Reduce Toxic Air Pollutants from Surface Coating of Wood Building Products

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

This page contains the February 2003 final rule fact sheet on the NESHAP for Surface Coating of Wood Building Products. This document provides a background for this rule, a summary of the benefits of this rule, who is affected by the rule, and rule costs

77 FR 53257 - Medicare Program; Hospital Inpatient Prospective Payment Systems for Acute Care Hospitals and the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-31

... Electronic Device (CIED) Procedures c. New Candidate HAC Condition: Iatrogenic Pneumothorax With Venous Catheterization 6. RTI Program Evaluation Summary a. RTI Analysis of FY 2011 POA Indicator Reporting Across.... Hospital Inpatient Quality Reporting (IQR) Program 1. Background a. History of Measures Adopted for the...

75 FR 55067 - Energy Conservation Program: Test Procedures for Walk-In Coolers and Walk-In Freezers

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-09

..., 1000 Independence Avenue, SW., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Please submit one signed original paper copy... Program, 950 L'Enfant Plaza, 6th Floor, Washington, DC 20024. Please submit one signed original paper copy...: [email protected] . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Authority and Background II. Summary of the...

75 FR 75289 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedures for Residential Dishwashers...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-02

.... Please submit one signed paper original. 4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda Edwards, U.S. Department of.... Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one signed paper original. For detailed instructions on submitting... INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Background and Authority II. Summary of the Proposal III. Discussion A...

75 FR 42612 - Energy Conservation Program for Consumer Products: Test Procedure for Microwave Ovens

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-22

...., Washington, DC 20585-0121. Please submit one signed original paper copy. 4. Hand Delivery/Courier: Ms. Brenda... Plaza, SW., Washington, DC 20024. Telephone: (202) 586-2945. Please submit one signed original paper... . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: Table of Contents I. Background and Legal Authority II. Summary of the Proposal III...

77 FR 26827 - Medicaid Program; Community First Choice Option

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-07

... CONTACT: Kenya Cantwell, (410) 786-1025. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Executive Summary and Background A... under the age of 21 if determined to be medically necessary in accordance with section 1905(r) of the...) (DRA) added section 1915(i) of the Act which affords some of the same flexibility and service coverage...

75 FR 70965 - Petition for Exemption; Summary of Petition Received

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-19

... rulemaking Web site: Go to http:[sol][sol]www.regulations.gov and follow the instructions for sending your.... Privacy: We will post all comments we receive, without change, to http:[sol][sol]www.regulations.gov... 19477-78). Docket: To read background documents or comments received, go to http:[sol][sol]www...

Children, Youth and Family Issues, 1997. State Legislative Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stelzer, Leann, Ed.

This document is a compilation of legislation on issues critical to children and families enacted during 1997 by the 50 states and the District of Columbia. The laws pertaining to various issues are listed by state and briefly described. Issues are: (1) abuse and neglect (including background checks and screening, court procedures, financing,…

An Equal Chance: Educating At-Risk Children to Succeed.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormick, Kathleen

This report describes a "third wave" of educational reform that focuses on improving academic achievement and preventing dropping out among disadvantaged children. It contains eight sections. The Executive Summary surveys the dimensions of the at-risk situation and strategies to confront it. "The Scope of the Problem" provides background on the…

Planning for Worker Re-Adjustment: A Technical Assistance Guide for States.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Balfe, Kevin

This guide summarizes key principles drawn from successful programs for helping unemployed workers find new jobs and presents a systematic approach to help states plan and manage their worker readjustment efforts. The guide contains two major sections. The first section is an overview and summary that includes background on the dislocation…

Accountability for Student Success in Washington Higher Education. Summary Report

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington Higher Education Coordinating Board, 2006

2006-01-01

This report summarizes Washington-statewide results achieved in the most recent academic year for which statewide data are available (in most cases, the 2005-2006 academic year). Data on results for individual four-year institutions, as well as a variety of background information and contextual data is presented separately in a comprehensive…

Intelligent Data Fusion for Wide-Area Assessment of UXO Contamination. SERDP Project MM-1510. 2006 Annual Report

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-04-20

assistance, particularly Dr. Herb Nelson and Dr. Dan Steinhurst. 1 Executive Summary Background. The remediation of sites contaminated with...and applications,” Proc. of IEEE Intl. Conf. on Multisensor Fusion and Integration for Intelligent Systems, Taipei, Taiwan , R.O.C., Aug., 1999. 4

40 CFR 74.3 - Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements. 74.3 Section 74.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.3 Relationship to the Acid Rain...

40 CFR 74.3 - Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements. 74.3 Section 74.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.3 Relationship to the Acid Rain...

40 CFR 74.3 - Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements. 74.3 Section 74.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.3 Relationship to the Acid Rain...

40 CFR 74.3 - Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 17 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements. 74.3 Section 74.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.3 Relationship to the Acid Rain...

40 CFR 74.3 - Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 16 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Relationship to the Acid Rain program requirements. 74.3 Section 74.3 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) SULFUR DIOXIDE OPT-INS Background and Summary § 74.3 Relationship to the Acid Rain...

Space physics missions handbook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, Robert A. (Compiler); Burks, David H. (Compiler); Hayne, Julie A. (Editor)

1991-01-01

The purpose of this handbook is to provide background data on current, approved, and planned missions, including a summary of the recommended candidate future missions. Topics include the space physics mission plan, operational spacecraft, and details of such approved missions as the Tethered Satellite System, the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory, and the Atmospheric Laboratory for Applications and Science.

Early Childhood Program: Summary of Context Analysis Phase.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Southwest Educational Development Lab., Austin, TX.

Progress made in the field of early childhood development during the past decade is examined to provide the background and rationale for tree programs funded by the National Institute of Education (NIE) in 1974: a parenting information center, a multimedia child care training package, and television spots related to child rearing principles. The…

Frameworks for Teaching and Learning Business Ethics within the Global Context: Background of Ethical Theories

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, Judith; Taft, Susan

2004-01-01

In this article, we provide a summary of several major traditional and contemporary philosophical and psychological perspectives on ethical conduct for businesses, along with five different sets of internationally accepted ethical guidelines for corporations operating anywhere in the world. We include examples of corporate codes of conduct from…

75 FR 77727 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; HUBZone Program Revisions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-12-13

... (NASA). ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: The Civilian Agency Acquisition Council and the Defense Acquisition... Case 2006-005. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: A. Background DoD, GSA, and NASA published a proposed rule in..., Acquisition Policy Division. 0 Therefore, DoD, GSA, and NASA amend 48 CFR parts 2, 19, 33, and 52 as set forth...

75 FR 316 - Endangered and Threatened Wildlife; 90-Day Finding on a Petition to List the Insular Population...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-01-05

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 50 CFR Parts 223 and 224...), Department of Commerce. ACTION: 90-day petition finding; request for information. SUMMARY: We, NMFS, announce...: Background On October 1, 2009, we received a petition from the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC...

Integrated Children's Services: Enablers, Challenges and Impact. Research Briefing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Robinson, Mark; Atkinson, Mary; Downing, Dick

2008-01-01

This summary provides background information about the enablers, challenges and impact of integration, based on a thorough literature review of thirty-five sources. The review findings are presented under thematic headings that reflect the: (1) extent of integration: the "stage" or depth of the collaborative activity in integrated services; (2)…

Genetic evidence supporting a critical role of endothelial caveolin-1 during the progression of atherosclerosis

PubMed Central

Fernández-Hernando, Carlos; Yu, Jun; Suárez, Yajaira; Rahner, Christoph; Dávalos, Alberto; Lasunción, Miguel A.; Sessa, William C.

2009-01-01

SUMMARY The accumulation of LDL-derived cholesterol in the artery wall is the initiating event that causes atherosclerosis. However, the mechanisms that lead to the initiation of atherosclerosis are still poorly understood. Here, by using endothelial cell-specific transgenesis of the caveolin-1 (Cav-1) gene in mice, we show the critical role of Cav-1 in promoting atherogenesis. Mice were generated lacking Cav-1 and apoE but expressing endothelial-specific Cav-1 in the double knockout background. Genetic ablation of Cav-1 on an apoE knockout background inhibits the progression of atherosclerosis while re-expression of Cav-1 in the endothelium promotes lesion expansion. Mechanistically, the loss of Cav-1 reduces LDL infiltration into the artery wall, promotes nitric oxide production and reduces the expression of leukocyte adhesion molecules, effects completely reversed in transgenic mice. In summary, this unique model provides physiological evidence supporting the important role of endothelial Cav-1 expression in regulating the entry of LDL into the vessel wall and the initiation of atherosclerosis. PMID:19583953

An investigation into pilot and system response to critical in-flight events. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rockwell, T. H.; Griffin, W. C.

1981-01-01

Critical in-flight events (CIFE) that threaten the aircraft were studied. The scope of the CIFE was described and defined with emphasis on characterizing event development, detection and assessment; pilot information requirements, sources, acquisition, and interpretation, pilot response options, decision processed, and decision implementation and event outcome. Detailed scenarios were developed for use in simulators and paper and pencil testing for developing relationships between pilot performance and background information as well as for an analysis of pilot reaction decision and feedback processes. Statistical relationships among pilot characteristics and observed responses to CIFE's were developed.

Headed reinforcement in concrete structure: State of the art

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alrasyid, Harun; Yoganata, Yehezkiel Septian; Suluch, Munarus; Iranata, Data

2017-11-01

At the reinforced concrete structure, the utilization of the headed bar has provided simpler installation, less congestion of reinforcement and more effective anchorage compared to conventional reinforcing bars anchorage by hooks and bends. A literature review related to the use of headed reinforcement are exhibited. The paper discusses the behavior anchorage of headed reinforcement, and the application of at beam column joint and as shear reinforcement. The review of headed bar includes historical background, the available commercial product and the summary of the experimental results that uses this application. Based on current study the suggestion for further research are provided.

Asian student migration to Australia.

PubMed

Shu, J; Hawthorne, L

1996-01-01

"This paper presents an overview of Asian student migration to Australia, together with an analysis of political and educational aspects of the overseas student programme. It focuses on some significant consequences of this flow for Australia. The characteristics of key student groups are contrasted to provide some perspective of the diversity of historical and cultural backgrounds, with the source countries of Malaysia, Indonesia and PRC [China] selected as case studies. Since the issue of PRC students in Australia has attracted considerable public attention and policy consideration, particular focus is placed on their experience." (SUMMARY IN FRE AND SPA) excerpt

Limits, discovery and cut optimization for a Poisson process with uncertainty in background and signal efficiency: TRolke 2.0

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lundberg, J.; Conrad, J.; Rolke, W.; Lopez, A.

2010-03-01

A C++ class was written for the calculation of frequentist confidence intervals using the profile likelihood method. Seven combinations of Binomial, Gaussian, Poissonian and Binomial uncertainties are implemented. The package provides routines for the calculation of upper and lower limits, sensitivity and related properties. It also supports hypothesis tests which take uncertainties into account. It can be used in compiled C++ code, in Python or interactively via the ROOT analysis framework. Program summaryProgram title: TRolke version 2.0 Catalogue identifier: AEFT_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEFT_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: MIT license No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 3431 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 21 789 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: ISO C++. Computer: Unix, GNU/Linux, Mac. Operating system: Linux 2.6 (Scientific Linux 4 and 5, Ubuntu 8.10), Darwin 9.0 (Mac-OS X 10.5.8). RAM:˜20 MB Classification: 14.13. External routines: ROOT ( http://root.cern.ch/drupal/) Nature of problem: The problem is to calculate a frequentist confidence interval on the parameter of a Poisson process with statistical or systematic uncertainties in signal efficiency or background. Solution method: Profile likelihood method, Analytical Running time:<10 seconds per extracted limit.

Performance of the high-sensitivity troponin assay in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction: systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Al-Saleh, Ayman; Alazzoni, Ashraf; Al Shalash, Saleh; Ye, Chenglin; Mbuagbaw, Lawrence; Thabane, Lehana; Jolly, Sanjit S.

2014-01-01

Background High-sensitivity cardiac troponin assays have been adopted by many clinical centres worldwide; however, clinicians are uncertain how to interpret the results. We sought to assess the utility of these assays in diagnosing acute myocardial infarction (MI). Methods We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies comparing high-sensitivity with conventional assays of cardiac troponin levels among adults with suspected acute MI in the emergency department. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Cochrane databases up to April 2013 and used bivariable random-effects modelling to obtain summary parameters for diagnostic accuracy. Results We identified 9 studies that assessed the use of high-sensitivity troponin T assays (n = 9186 patients). The summary sensitivity of these tests in diagnosing acute MI at presentation to the emergency department was estimated to be 0.94 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.89–0.97); for conventional tests, it was 0.72 (95% CI 0.63–0.79). The summary specificity was 0.73 (95% CI 0.64–0.81) for the high-sensitivity assay compared with 0.95 (95% CI 0.93–0.97) for the conventional assay. The differences in estimates of the summary sensitivity and specificity between the high-sensitivity and conventional assays were statistically significant (p < 0.01). The area under the curve was similar for both tests carried out 3–6 hours after presentation. Three studies assessed the use of high-sensitivity troponin I assays and showed similar results. Interpretation Used at presentation to the emergency department, the high-sensitivity cardiac troponin assay has improved sensitivity, but reduced specificity, compared with the conventional troponin assay. With repeated measurements over 6 hours, the area under the curve is similar for both tests, indicating that the major advantage of the high-sensitivity test is early diagnosis. PMID:25295240

C-9 and Other Microgravity Simulations Summary Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2010-01-01

This document represents a summary of medical and scientific evaluations conducted aboard the C-9 and other NASA-sponsored aircraft from June 2009 to June 2010. Included is a general overview of investigations manifested and coordinated by the Human Adaptation and Countermeasures Division. A collection of brief reports that describe tests conducted aboard the NASA-sponsored aircraft follows the overview. Principal investigators and test engineers contributed significantly to the content of the report, describing their particular experiment or hardware evaluation. Although this document follows general guidelines, each report format may vary to accommodate differences in experiment design and procedures. This document concludes with an appendix that provides background information concerning the Reduced Gravity Program.

The Radio Synchrotron Background: Conference Summary and Report

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singal, J.; Haider, J.; Ajello, M.; Ballantyne, D. R.; Bunn, E.; Condon, J.; Dowell, J.; Fixsen, D.; Fornengo, N.; Harms, B.; Holder, G.; Jones, E.; Kellermann, K.; Kogut, A.; Linden, T.; Monsalve, R.; Mertsch, P.; Murphy, E.; Orlando, E.; Regis, M.; Scott, D.; Vernstrom, T.; Xu, L.

2018-03-01

We summarize the radio synchrotron background workshop that took place 2017 July 19–21 at the University of Richmond. This first scientific meeting dedicated to the topic was convened because current measurements of the diffuse radio monopole reveal a surface brightness that is several times higher than can be straightforwardly explained by known Galactic and extragalactic sources and processes, rendering it by far the least well understood photon background at present. It was the conclusion of a majority of the participants that the radio monopole level is at or near that reported by the ARCADE 2 experiment and inferred from several absolutely calibrated zero-level lower frequency radio measurements, and unanimously agreed that the production of this level of surface brightness, if confirmed, represents a major outstanding question in astrophysics. The workshop reached a consensus on the next priorities for investigations of the radio synchrotron background.

Summary of the development of a signature for detection of residual dust from collapse of the World Trade Center buildings

PubMed Central

Lowers, Heather A; Meeker, Gregory P; Lioy, Paul J; Lippmann, Morton

2014-01-01

The collapse of the World Trade Center (WTC) towers on September 11, 2001, caused lower Manhattan and adjacent areas to be covered in millimeters to centimeters of dust. WTC dust penetrated into indoor spaces, and public health concerns remain regarding exposure to possible residual dust in the affected areas. The goal of the studies outlined in this review was to determine which, if any, components of the bulk WTC dust are sufficiently above typical background dust levels in New York City to develop an analytical method to screen for the component(s). Components of the <150-µm-size fraction of the dust are gypsum, phases compatible with crushed concrete, man-made vitreous fibers (MMVFs), silica, lead, chrysotile asbestos, and other materials. Slag wool was the most common WTC MMVF, whereas soda-lime glass and rock wool were minor to trace constituents. Most background samples also contained gypsum, phases compatible with concrete, and MMVF. However, the proportions of the various MMVF in background samples are typically unlike those characteristic of bulk WTC dust. Results indicate that slag wool can be used as a signature marker to identify areas that contain potential residual WTC dust contamination at concentrations that are less than average background levels for the material. PMID:18478046

The Diagnostic Value of the FIB-4 Index for Staging Hepatitis B-Related Fibrosis: A Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Li, Yuanyuan; Chen, Yu; Zhao, Ying

2014-01-01

Background Liver fibrosis stage is an important factor in determining prognosis and need for treatment in patients infected with hepatitis B virus (HBV). Liver biopsies are typically used to assess liver fibrosis; however, noninvasive alternatives such as the FIB-4 index have also been developed. Aims To quantify the accuracy of the FIB-4 index in the diagnosis of HBV related fibrosis and cirrhosis. Methods A meta-analysis of studies comparing the diagnostic accuracy of the FIB-4 index vs. liver biopsy in HBV-infected patients was performed using studies retrieved from the following databases: PubMed, Ovid, EMBASE, the Cochrane Library, the Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure and the Chinese Biology Medicine disc. A hierarchical summary receiver operating curves model and bivariate model were used to produce summary receiver operating characteristic curves and pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity. The heterogeneity was explored with meta-regression analysis. Publication bias was detected using Egger’s test and the trim and fill method. Results 12 studies (N = 1,908) and 10 studies (N = 2,105) were included in the meta-analysis for significant fibrosis and cirrhosis, respectively. For significant fibrosis, the area under the hierarchical summary receiver operating curve (AUHSROC) was 0.78 (95% CI = 0.74–0.81). The recommended cutoff value was between 1.45 and 1.62, and the AUHSROC, summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.78 (95% CI = 0.74–0.81), 0.65 (95% CI = 0.56–0.73) and 0.77 (95% CI = 0.7–0.83), respectively. For cirrhosis, the AUHSROC was 0.89 (95% CI = 0.85–0.91). The recommended cutoff value was between 2.9 and 3.6, and the AUHSROC, summary sensitivity and specificity were 0.96 (95% CI = 0.92–1.00), 0.42 (95% CI = 0.36–0.48) and 0.96 (95% CI = 0.95–0.97), respectively. No publication bias was detected. Conclusions The FIB-4 index is valuable for detecting significant fibrosis and cirrhosis in HBV-infected patients, but has suboptimal accuracy in excluding fibrosis and cirrhosis. PMID:25165830

Characterization of stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge runoff on receiving streams

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wagner, Chad; Fitzgerald, Sharon; Lauffer, Matthew

2015-01-01

The presentation will provide an overview of a collaborative study between USGS, NC Department of Transportation and URS Corporation to characterize stormwater runoff from bridges in North Carolina and the effects of bridge runoff on receiving streams. This investigation measured bridge deck runoff from 15 bridges for 12-15 storms, stream water-quality data for baseflow and storm conditions at four of the bridge deck sites and streambed sediment chemistry upstream and downstream of 30 bridges across North Carolina. Background on why the study was conducted, objectives and scope and a general summary of the major results and conclusions will be presented.

Accuracy of i-Scan for Optical Diagnosis of Colonic Polyps: A Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Guo, Chuan-Guo; Ji, Rui; Li, Yan-Qing

2015-01-01

Background i-Scan is a novel virtual chromoendoscopy system designed to enhance surface and vascular patterns to improve optical diagnostic performance. Numerous prospective studies have been done to evaluate the accuracy of i-Scan in differentiating colonic neoplasms from non-neoplasms. i-Scan could be an effective endoscopic technique for optical diagnosis of colonic polyps. Objective Our aim of this study was to perform a meta-analysis of published data to establish the diagnostic accuracy of i-Scan for optical diagnosis of colonic polyps. Methods We searched PubMed, Medline, Elsevier ScienceDirect and Cochrane Library databases. We used a bivariate meta-analysis following a random effects model to summarize the data and plotted hierarchical summary receiver-operating characteristic (HSROC) curves. The area under the HSROC curve (AUC) serves as an indicator of the diagnostic accuracy. Results The meta-analysis included a total of 925 patients and 2312 polyps. For the overall studies, the area under the HSROC curve was 0.96. The summary sensitivity was 90.4% (95%CI 85%-94.1%) and specificity was 90.9% (95%CI 84.3%-94.9%). In 11 studies predicting polyps histology in real-time, the summary sensitivity and specificity was 91.5% (95%CI 85.7%-95.1%) and 92.1% (95%CI 84.5%-96.1%), respectively, with the AUC of 0.97. For three different diagnostic criteria (Kudo, NICE, others), the sensitivity was 86.3%, 93.0%, 85.0%, respectively and specificity was 84.8%, 94.4%, 91.8%, respectively. Conclusions Endoscopic diagnosis with i-Scan has accurate optical diagnostic performance to differentiate neoplastic from non-neoplastic polyps with an area under the HSROC curve exceeding 0.90. Both the sensitivity and specificity for diagnosing colonic polyps are over 90%. PMID:25978459

Associations between Nausea, Vomiting, Fatigue and Health-Related Quality of Life of Women in Early Pregnancy: The Generation R Study.

PubMed

Bai, Guannan; Korfage, Ida J; Groen, Esther Hafkamp-de; Jaddoe, Vincent W V; Mautner, Eva; Raat, Hein

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to evaluate the independent associations between nausea, vomiting, fatigue and health-related quality of life of women in early pregnancy in the Generation R study, which is a prospective mother and child cohort. Analyses were based on 5079 women in early pregnancy in the Rotterdam area, the Netherlands. The information on nausea, vomiting and fatigue in the previous three months was measured in the questionnaire at enrollment, as well as potential confounders (i.e., maternal/gestational age, ethnic background, educational level, parity, marital status, body mass index, tobacco and alcohol use, chronic/infectious conditions, uro-genital conditions/symptoms, sleep quality, headache, anxiety, and depression). Health-related quality of life was assessed by the 12-item Short Form Health Survey and physical and mental component summary scores were calculated. Multivariate regression models were performed to evaluate the independent associations of the presence of nausea, vomiting and fatigue with health-related quality of life, adjusting for potential confounders. 33.6% of women experienced daily presence of nausea, 9.6% for vomiting and 44.4% for fatigue. Comparing with women who never reported nausea, vomiting and fatigue, women with daily presence of at least one of these symptoms had significantly lower scores of physical component summary and mental component summary, after adjusting for potential confounders. Our study shows how common nausea, vomiting and fatigue are among women in early pregnancy and how much each of these symptoms negatively impact on health-related quality of life. We call for awareness of this issue from health care professionals, pregnant women and their families.

Lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) intrinsic activity correction and minimal detectable target activity study for SPECT imaging with a LSO-based animal PET scanner

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Rutao; Ma, Tianyu; Shao, Yiping

2008-08-01

This work is part of a feasibility study to develop SPECT imaging capability on a lutetium oxyorthosilicate (LSO) based animal PET system. The SPECT acquisition was enabled by inserting a collimator assembly inside the detector ring and acquiring data in singles mode. The same LSO detectors were used for both PET and SPECT imaging. The intrinsic radioactivity of 176Lu in the LSO crystals, however, contaminates the SPECT data, and can generate image artifacts and introduce quantification error. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of a LSO background subtraction method, and to estimate the minimal detectable target activity (MDTA) of image object for SPECT imaging. For LSO background correction, the LSO contribution in an image study was estimated based on a pre-measured long LSO background scan and subtracted prior to the image reconstruction. The MDTA was estimated in two ways. The empirical MDTA (eMDTA) was estimated from screening the tomographic images at different activity levels. The calculated MDTA (cMDTA) was estimated from using a formula based on applying a modified Currie equation on an average projection dataset. Two simulated and two experimental phantoms with different object activity distributions and levels were used in this study. The results showed that LSO background adds concentric ring artifacts to the reconstructed image, and the simple subtraction method can effectively remove these artifacts—the effect of the correction was more visible when the object activity level was near or above the eMDTA. For the four phantoms studied, the cMDTA was consistently about five times of the corresponding eMDTA. In summary, we implemented a simple LSO background subtraction method and demonstrated its effectiveness. The projection-based calculation formula yielded MDTA results that closely correlate with that obtained empirically and may have predicative value for imaging applications.

Disaster mental health preparedness in the community: A systematic review study

PubMed Central

Roudini, Juliet; Khankeh, Hamid Reza; Witruk, Evelin

2017-01-01

The objective of this study was to perform a systematic review of articles that cover aspects of disaster mental health preparedness. This assessment was done by a thorough review and summary of the available studies which provided a considerable background and amplified the gaps in knowledge about community mental health preparedness. By this systematic review, we tried to identify available concept of community mental health preparedness and related tools that communities and individuals will need to prepare for natural disasters. We found there is a lack of mental health preparedness in the majority of countries; valid and reliable tools and context-bound programs should be developed based on the experiences and perceptions of the community. PMID:28680695

Dear Colleague Letter Harassment and Bullying (October 26, 2010). Background, Summary, and Fast Facts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2010

2010-01-01

The Dear Colleague Letter (DCL) does the following: (1) Clarifies the relationship between bullying and discriminatory harassment under the civil rights laws enforced by the Department of Education's (ED) Office for Civil Rights (OCR); (2) Explains how student misconduct that falls under an anti-bullying policy also may trigger responsibilities…

National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information Report Series, Series 16, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHEW/PHS), Rockville, MD. National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information.

Concerned with clarifying some of the more complex issues in drug abuse, the National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information has prepared this special report on psilocybin. Background information is provided through a summary of its history, legal status, and the opinions of authorities in the field. Significant research on the subject is…

Development of a Design for Evaluation of the Podiatric Medicine Training Grant Program. Final Report and Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Colleges of Podiatric Medicine, Washington, DC.

Information is presented on an evaluation design for a federal program, the Podiatric Medicine Training Grant Program. The program supports the clinical training of third- and fourth-year podiatric medical students in underserved areas. Background information is provided on: the supply and distribution of health professionals and podiatrists in…

Coast Guard Cutter Procurement: Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-28

Research Service Summary The Coast Guard’s program of record (POR) calls for procuring 8 National Security Cutters (NSCs), 25 Offshore Patrol Cutters...3 Figure 2. Offshore Patrol Cutter (Generic Conceptual... Offshore Patrol Cutters (OPCs), and 58 Fast Response Cutters (FRCs). These 91 planned cutters are intended as replacements for 90 aging Coast Guard cutters

76 FR 45165 - Implementation of Office of Management and Budget Guidance on Drug-Free Workplace Requirements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-28

... INFORMATION: I. Background The Drug-Free Workplace Act of 1988 (Pub. L. 100-690, Title V, Subtitle D) (41 U.S... rule would not affect current application and enforcement of drug-free workplace requirements, no... Workplace Requirements AGENCY: Office of the Secretary, HUD. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: HUD is moving its...

The Status of Thailand's Implementation of International Treaty Obligations Regarding Linguistic Human Rights in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Draper, John

2013-01-01

Given the recent consideration by the Thai government of a national language policy, this article considers the status of Thailand's treaty obligations regarding linguistic human rights in education. It presents a general background, a brief linguistic profile of Thailand, a concise summary of the concept and importance of linguicide, and a…

Eight Stars of Gold--The Story of Alaska's Flag. Primary Grade Activities.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alaska State Museum, Juneau.

This activities booklet focuses on the story of Alaska's flag. The booklet is intended for teachers to use with primary-grade children. Each activity in the booklet contains background information, a summary and time estimate, Alaska state standards, a step-by-step technique for implementing the activity, assessment tips, materials and resource…

Getting the Story on Aging: A Sourcebook on Gerontology for Journalists.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oriol, William E.

Intended for journalists, this sourcebook contains background information on aging and the problems of the aged. Arranged into two major parts, the sourcebook contains 10 chapters. The first part provides a summary of facts and ideas that should be known to reporters whose stories are related directly or indirectly to aging. Chapter 1 makes the…

Communications Technology and the Crisis in Education. A Report on the Bahia Workshop.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Council on Higher Education in the American Republics, New York, NY.

A summary of the workshop convened in May 1971 in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil by the Council on Higher Education in the American Republics to assess current applications of communications technology for the improvement of educational systems in Latin America is given in this document. Against a background which includes: 1) technological asymmetry in…

The National School Lunch Program: Background, Trends, and Issues. ERS Report Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ralston, Katherine; Newman, Constance; Clauson, Annette; Guthrie, Joanne; Buzby, Jean

2008-01-01

The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) is one of the largest food and nutrition assistance programs in the United States, feeding millions of children every day. School meal providers face the task of serving nutritious and appealing school lunches, including free and reduced-price lunches for low-income students, and doing so under budget…

Educational Outcomes Associated with School Behavioral Health Interventions: A Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kase, Courtney; Hoover, Sharon; Boyd, Gina; West, Kristina D.; Dubenitz, Joel; Trivedi, Pamala A.; Peterson, Hilary J.; Stein, Bradley D.

2017-01-01

Background: There is an unmet need for behavioral health support and services among children and adolescents, which school behavioral health has the potential to address. Existing reviews and meta-analyses document the behavioral health benefits of school behavioral health programs and frameworks, but few summaries of the academic benefits of such…

National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information Report Series, Series 18, No. 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. on Drug Abuse (DHEW/PHS), Rockville, MD. National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information.

Concerned with clarifying some of the more complex issues in drug abuse, the National Clearinghouse for Drug Abuse Information has prepared this special report on methaqualone. Background information is provided through a summary of its history, legal status, and the opinions of authorities in the field. Significant research on the subject is…

Coast Guard Polar Icebreaker Modernization: Background, Issues, and Options for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-14

entirely in some other part of the federal budget, such as the Department of Defense (DOD) budget, the National Science Foundation (NSF) budget, or...4 One National Science Foundation Ship............................................................................5 Summary...Alaska. Operations to support National Science Foundation (NSF) research activities in the Arctic and Antarctic has accounted in the past for a

Fiscal Year 2008 U.S. Department of Education Budget Summary and Background Information

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

US Department of Education, 2007

2007-01-01

Five years ago the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) launched a revolution in our education system by insisting that all students should be proficient in reading and math by 2014 and demanding comprehensive reforms to reach this national goal, including strong assessment and accountability systems, a highly qualified teacher in every classroom, more…

New Teachers in Schools: A Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Palmer, W. P.

1987-01-01

A number of papers each of which explains aspects of the life and background of new secondary school teachers in Papua New Guinea, have been produced as a result of the 1982 New Teachers Survey. This paper will summarise the major points which have been revealed so far. There appears to have been no previous research on new provincial high school…

The Theory of Planned Behavior as It Predicts Potential Intention to Seek Mental Health Services for Depression among College Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bohon, Lisa M.; Cotter, Kelly A.; Kravitz, Richard L.; Cello, Philip C.; Fernandez y Garcia, Erik

2016-01-01

Background: Between 9.5% and 31.3% of college students suffer from depression ("American college health association national college health assessment II: reference group executive summary spring 2013." "Amer. Coll. Health Assoc." 2013; Eagan K, Stolzenberg EB, Ramirez JJ, Aragon, MC, Suchard, RS, Hurtado S. "The American…

76 FR 2924 - Proposed Generic Communications; Draft NRC Regulatory Issue Summary 2011-XX; Adequacy of Station...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-18

... positions. No specific action or written response is required. DATES: Comment period expires 30 days after... new requirements or staff positions. No specific action or written response is required. Background... on the operation of Class 1E loads. These degraded voltage conditions will not be detected by the...

Force Measurement on the GLAST Delta II Flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gordon, Scott; Kaufman, Daniel

2009-01-01

This viewgraph presentation reviews the interface force measurement at spacecraft separation of GLAST Delta II. The contents include: 1) Flight Force Measurement (FFM) Background; 2) Team Members; 3) GLAST Mission Overview; 4) Methodology Development; 5) Ground Test Validation; 6) Flight Data; 7) Coupled Loads Simulation (VCLA & Reconstruction); 8) Basedrive Simulation; 9) Findings; and 10) Summary and Conclusions.

75 FR 26855 - North American Industry Classification System-Updates for 2012

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-05-12

...) Summarizes the background for the proposed revisions to NAICS 2007 in Part I, (2) contains a summary of... subject NAICS12. Comments may also be sent via http://www.regulations.gov --a Federal E-Government Web... comments. OMB will include in the official record all comments received via FAX, Web site, e-mail, hardcopy...

Captivating Open University Students with Online Literature Search Tutorials Created Using Screen Capture Software

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wales, Tim; Robertson, Penny

2008-01-01

Purpose: The aim of this paper is to share the experiences and challenges faced by the Open University Library (OUL) in using screen capture software to develop online literature search tutorials. Design/methodology/approach: A summary of information literacy support at the OUL is provided as background information to explain the decision to…

The Effects of Head Start Health Services: Executive Summary of the Head Start Health Evaluation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fosburg, Linda B.; And Others

This report summarizes findings of an evaluation of Head Start health services. Chapter one presents an overview of the background of the evaluation project. Chapter two highlights findings for the major evaluation questions. These questions focus specifically on children's health status prior to entry into Head Start, health services subsequently…

Eight Stars of Gold--The Story of Alaska's Flag. Intermediate Activities (Grades 3-5).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alaska State Museum, Juneau.

This activities booklet focuses on the story of Alaska's flag. The booklet is intended for teachers to use with students in the intermediate grades. Each activity in the booklet contains: background information, a summary and time estimate, state standards, a step-by-step technique for implementation of the activity, assessment tips, materials and…

77 FR 75837 - Amendment of Time of Designation for Restricted Area R-6501B; Underhill, VT

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-26

... R-6501B; Underhill, VT AGENCY: Federal Aviation Administration (FAA), DOT. ACTION: Final rule. SUMMARY: This action amends the time of designation for restricted area R-6501B, Underhill, VT by adding a... INFORMATION: Background The current time of designation of restricted area R-6501B reads [[Page 75838...

Education for Citizenship: A Bicentennial Survey. Results Manual for Replicating the Citizenship Survey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Education Commission of the States, Denver, CO. National Assessment of Educational Progress.

This manual, a supplement to the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) kit "Education for Citizenship: a Bicentennial Survey" (ED 135 705), provides question-by-question results for the national sample of 13- and 17-year-old students tested. After presenting a brief summary of the background, the introduction describes the purpose of…

Runaway Youth: A Status Report and Summary of Projects as of March 31, 1976.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Intra-Departmental Committee on Runaway Youth (DHEW), Washington, DC.

This report provides the status of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare's activities on behalf of runaway youth and their families as of March 31, 1976. The report is divided into four major sections including background information, discussion of projects supported by the various offices and agencies of the Department, preliminary…

77 FR 38638 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Submission for Office of Management and Budget Review...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-06-28

... Control Number 0910-0342)--Revision I. Background Section 409 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act... approval requirements based on a determination that such use is GRAS. The proposed regulations (proposed 21... notice would include a detailed summary of the data and information that support the GRAS determination...

Eight Stars of Gold--The Story of Alaska's Flag. Middle School Activities (Grades 6-8).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alaska State Museum, Juneau.

This activities booklet focuses on the story of Alaska's state flag. The booklet is for use in teaching middle school students. Each activity contains: background information, a summary and time estimate, Alaska state standards, a step-by-step technique for classroom implementation of the activity, assessment tips, materials and resources needed,…

Eight Stars of Gold--The Story of Alaska's Flag. High School Activities (Grades 9-12).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alaska State Museum, Juneau.

This activities booklet focuses on the story of Alaska's flag. The booklet is intended for use in teaching high school students. Each activity contains: background information; a summary and time estimate, Alaska state standards, a step-by-step technique for classroom implementation of the activity, assessment tips, materials and resources needed,…

Evaluations Backgrounder: A Summary of Formal Evaluations of the Academic Impact of Afterschool Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2008

2008-01-01

Although afterschool programs for children have been operating for decades in some communities, the afterschool movement--the great national awakening to the opportunity afterschool offers--is just a few years old. As public demand for afterschool has grown, so has the demand for accountability. That is particularly true in afterschool programs…

Community College Centers for Contracted Programs: A Sequel to Shoulders to the Wheel.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahoney, James R.

Based on a survey of 37 colleges, this booklet provides a summary of the characteristics of special community college centers that contract educational services to business, industry, government, and other groups in the local community. Following background information on the development and uses of the booklet and its special relevance to energy…

Education of the Deaf Act: Background and Reauthorization Issues. CRS Report for Congress.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aleman, Steven R.

This summary of the Education of the Deaf Act (Public Law 99-371) discusses the special institutions funded under the act and other issues related to the Act's reauthorization. The National Technical Institute for the Deaf (Rochester, New York) and Gallaudet University (District of Columbia) provide postsecondary training for deaf individuals.…

Is skin penetration a determining factor in skin sensitization potential and potency? Refuting the notion of a LogKow threshold for Skin Sensitization

EPA Science Inventory

Summary:Background. It is widely accepted that substances that cannot penetrate through the skin will not be sensitisers. Thresholds based on relevant physicochemical parameters such as a LogKow > 1 and a MW < 500, are assumed and widely accepted as self-evident truths. Objective...

Background for Builders--Related Science and Trade Information for the Building Trades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lucas, Joseph

Primarily intended for instructors but also useful to students, this guide provides a set of lessons (interlaced with humorous phrases and cartoons) for teaching fundamental information for the building trades. Each lesson contains objectives, related information, and a review or summary. Unit I is a brief, humorous message to the student on the…

77 FR 41999 - Proposed Renewal of Information Collection: OMB Control Number 1091-0001, Applicant Background...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-17

... Capital management Plan identifies the job skills that will be needed in its current and future workforce...: Notice and request for comments. SUMMARY: Office of Management and Budget (OMB) regulations at 5 CFR 1320... Affairs, Office of Management and Budget, Attention: Department of the Interior Desk Officer (1091-0001...

CDDIS Data Center Summary for the IVS 2012 Annual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Carey

2013-01-01

This report summarizes activities during 2012 and future plans of the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) with respect to the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). Included in this report are background information about the CDDIS, the computer architecture, staff supporting the system, archive contents, and future plans for the CDDIS within the IVS.

Transparency of Vocational Qualifications: The Leonardo da Vinci Approach. CEDEFOP Panorama Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bjornavold, Jens; Pettersson, Sten

This report gives an overview of the situation of transparency of vocational qualifications by presenting measures introduced at the European Community level and by drawing attention to projects within the Leonardo da Vinci Program dealing with the issue. A 16-page executive summary appears first. Chapter 1 provides general background and aims.…

Classic Teenplots: A Booktalk Guide to Use with Readers Ages 12-18

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillespie, John T.; Naden, Corinne

2006-01-01

This resource provides tools needed to create compelling booktalks featuring outstanding young adult novels that are mainstays in library collections. For each of the 100 titles selected, there is background information on the book and the author, a list of principal characters, a detailed plot summary, critical comment and notes on suitability,…

MeSH indexing based on automatically generated summaries

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background MEDLINE citations are manually indexed at the U.S. National Library of Medicine (NLM) using as reference the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) controlled vocabulary. For this task, the human indexers read the full text of the article. Due to the growth of MEDLINE, the NLM Indexing Initiative explores indexing methodologies that can support the task of the indexers. Medical Text Indexer (MTI) is a tool developed by the NLM Indexing Initiative to provide MeSH indexing recommendations to indexers. Currently, the input to MTI is MEDLINE citations, title and abstract only. Previous work has shown that using full text as input to MTI increases recall, but decreases precision sharply. We propose using summaries generated automatically from the full text for the input to MTI to use in the task of suggesting MeSH headings to indexers. Summaries distill the most salient information from the full text, which might increase the coverage of automatic indexing approaches based on MEDLINE. We hypothesize that if the results were good enough, manual indexers could possibly use automatic summaries instead of the full texts, along with the recommendations of MTI, to speed up the process while maintaining high quality of indexing results. Results We have generated summaries of different lengths using two different summarizers, and evaluated the MTI indexing on the summaries using different algorithms: MTI, individual MTI components, and machine learning. The results are compared to those of full text articles and MEDLINE citations. Our results show that automatically generated summaries achieve similar recall but higher precision compared to full text articles. Compared to MEDLINE citations, summaries achieve higher recall but lower precision. Conclusions Our results show that automatic summaries produce better indexing than full text articles. Summaries produce similar recall to full text but much better precision, which seems to indicate that automatic summaries can efficiently capture the most important contents within the original articles. The combination of MEDLINE citations and automatically generated summaries could improve the recommendations suggested by MTI. On the other hand, indexing performance might be dependent on the MeSH heading being indexed. Summarization techniques could thus be considered as a feature selection algorithm that might have to be tuned individually for each MeSH heading. PMID:23802936

Technology for the Future: In-Space Technology Experiments Program, part 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Breckenridge, Roger A. (Compiler); Clark, Lenwood G. (Compiler); Willshire, Kelli F. (Compiler); Beck, Sherwin M. (Compiler); Collier, Lisa D. (Compiler)

1991-01-01

The purpose of the Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology (OAST) In-Space Technology Experiment Program (In-STEP) 1988 Workshop was to identify and prioritize technologies that are critical for future national space programs and require validation in the space environment, and review current NASA (In-Reach) and industry/university (Out-Reach) experiments. A prioritized list of the critical technology needs was developed for the following eight disciplines: structures; environmental effects; power systems and thermal management; fluid management and propulsion systems; automation and robotics; sensors and information systems; in-space systems; and humans in space. This is part one of two parts and is the executive summary and experiment description. The executive summary portion contains keynote addresses, strategic planning information, and the critical technology needs summaries for each theme. The experiment description portion contains brief overviews of the objectives, technology needs and backgrounds, descriptions, and development schedules for current industry, university, and NASA space flight technology experiments.

Tests for predicting complications of pre-eclampsia: A protocol for systematic reviews

PubMed Central

Thangaratinam, Shakila; Coomarasamy, Arri; Sharp, Steve; O'Mahony, Fidelma; O'Brien, Shaughn; Ismail, Khaled MK; Khan, Khalid S

2008-01-01

Background Pre-eclampsia is associated with several complications. Early prediction of complications and timely management is needed for clinical care of these patients to avert fetal and maternal mortality and morbidity. There is a need to identify best testing strategies in pre eclampsia to identify the women at increased risk of complications. We aim to determine the accuracy of various tests to predict complications of pre-eclampsia by systematic quantitative reviews. Method We performed extensive search in MEDLINE (1951–2004), EMBASE (1974–2004) and also will also include manual searches of bibliographies of primary and review articles. An initial search has revealed 19500 citations. Two reviewers will independently select studies and extract data on study characteristics, quality and accuracy. Accuracy data will be used to construct 2 × 2 tables. Data synthesis will involve assessment for heterogeneity and appropriately pooling of results to produce summary Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and summary likelihood ratios. Discussion This review will generate predictive information and integrate that with therapeutic effectiveness to determine the absolute benefit and harm of available therapy in reducing complications in women with pre-eclampsia. PMID:18694494

Fruit Flies Provide New Insights in Low-Radiation Background Biology at the INFN Underground Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS).

PubMed

Morciano, Patrizia; Cipressa, Francesca; Porrazzo, Antonella; Esposito, Giuseppe; Tabocchini, Maria Antonella; Cenci, Giovanni

2018-06-04

Deep underground laboratories (DULs) were originally created to host particle, astroparticle or nuclear physics experiments requiring a low-background environment with vastly reduced levels of cosmic-ray particle interference. More recently, the range of science projects requiring an underground experiment site has greatly expanded, thus leading to the recognition of DULs as truly multidisciplinary science sites that host important studies in several fields, including geology, geophysics, climate and environmental sciences, technology/instrumentation development and biology. So far, underground biology experiments are ongoing or planned in a few of the currently operating DULs. Among these DULs is the Gran Sasso National Laboratory (LNGS), where the majority of radiobiological data have been collected. Here we provide a summary of the current scenario of DULs around the world, as well as the specific features of the LNGS and a summary of the results we obtained so far, together with other findings collected in different underground laboratories. In particular, we focus on the recent results from our studies of Drosophila melanogaster, which provide the first evidence of the influence of the radiation environment on life span, fertility and response to genotoxic stress at the organism level. Given the increasing interest in this field and the establishment of new projects, it is possible that in the near future more DULs will serve as sites of radiobiology experiments, thus providing further relevant biological information at extremely low-dose-rate radiation. Underground experiments can be nicely complemented with above-ground studies at increasing dose rate. A systematic study performed in different exposure scenarios provides a potential opportunity to address important radiation protection questions, such as the dose/dose-rate relationship for cancer and non-cancer risk, the possible existence of dose/dose-rate threshold(s) for different biological systems and/or end points and the possible role of radiation quality in triggering the biological response.

Phases of QCD: Summary of the Rutgers Long Range Plan Town Meeting, January 12-14, 2007

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jacobs, Peter; Kharzeev, Dmitri; Muller, Berndt

2007-05-14

This White Paper summarizes the outcome of the Town Meeting on Phases of QCD that took place January 12-14, 2007 at Rutgers University, as part of the NSAC 2007 Long Range Planning process. The meeting was held in conjunction with the Town Meeting on Hadron Structure, including a full day of joint plenary sessions of the two meetings. Appendix A.1 contains the meeting agenda. This Executive Summary presents the prioritized recommendations that were determined at the meeting. Subsequent chapters present the essential background to the recommendations. While this White Paper is not a scholarly article and contains few references, itmore » is intended to provide the non-expert reader« less

State-of-the-art assessment of electric and hybrid vehicles

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1978-01-01

Data are presented that were obtained from the electric and hybrid vehicles tested, information collected from users of electric vehicles, and data and information on electric and hybrid vehicles obtained on a worldwide basis from manufacturers and available literature. The data given include: (1) information and data base (electric and hybrid vehicle systems descriptions, sources of vehicle data and information, and sources of component data); (2) electric vehicles (theoretical background, electric vehicle track tests, user experience, literature data, and summary of electric vehicle status); (3) electric vehicle components (tires, differentials, transmissions, traction motors, controllers, batteries, battery chargers, and component summary); and (4) hybrid vehicles (types of hybrid vehicles, operating modes, hybrid vehicles components, and hybrid vehicles performance characteristics).

Genotyping and inflated type I error rate in genome-wide association case/control studies

PubMed Central

Sampson, Joshua N; Zhao, Hongyu

2009-01-01

Background One common goal of a case/control genome wide association study (GWAS) is to find SNPs associated with a disease. Traditionally, the first step in such studies is to assign a genotype to each SNP in each subject, based on a statistic summarizing fluorescence measurements. When the distributions of the summary statistics are not well separated by genotype, the act of genotype assignment can lead to more potential problems than acknowledged by the literature. Results Specifically, we show that the proportions of each called genotype need not equal the true proportions in the population, even as the number of subjects grows infinitely large. The called genotypes for two subjects need not be independent, even when their true genotypes are independent. Consequently, p-values from tests of association can be anti-conservative, even when the distributions of the summary statistic for the cases and controls are identical. To address these problems, we propose two new tests designed to reduce the inflation in the type I error rate caused by these problems. The first algorithm, logiCALL, measures call quality by fully exploring the likelihood profile of intensity measurements, and the second algorithm avoids genotyping by using a likelihood ratio statistic. Conclusion Genotyping can introduce avoidable false positives in GWAS. PMID:19236714

Investigation of culvert hydraulics related to juvenile fish passage. Final research report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barber, M.E.; Downs, R.C.

1996-01-01

Culverts often create barriers to the upstream migration of juvenile fish. The objective of this study was to determine hydraulic characteristics of culverts with different flow conditions. Methods of predicting flow profiles were developed by both Chiu and Mountjoy. Two equations were compared to experimental results. An area of flow corresponding to a predetermined allowable velocity can be calculated using Mountjoy equation. This can then be used in the design of culverts as fish passage guidelines. The report contains a summary of background information, experimental methodology, the results of experimental tests, and an analysis of both the Chiu and Mountjoymore » equations.« less

National Transonic Facility Characterization Status

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bobbitt, C., Jr.; Everhart, J.; Foster, J.; Hill, J.; McHatton, R.; Tomek, W.

2000-01-01

This paper describes the current status of the characterization of the National Transonic Facility. The background and strategy for the tunnel characterization, as well as the current status of the four main areas of the characterization (tunnel calibration, flow quality characterization, data quality assurance, and support of the implementation of wall interference corrections) are presented. The target accuracy requirements for tunnel characterization measurements are given, followed by a comparison of the measured tunnel flow quality to these requirements based on current available information. The paper concludes with a summary of which requirements are being met, what areas need improvement, and what additional information is required in follow-on characterization studies.

Impacts of acidic deposition: context and case studies of forest soils in the southeastern US

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Binkley, D.; Driscoll, C.T.; Allen, H.L.

1988-12-01

The authors designed their assessment to include both the basic foundation needed by non-experts and the detailed information needed by experts. Their assessment includes background information on acidic deposition (Chap. 1), an in-depth discussion of the nature of soil acidity and ecosystem H(1+) budgets (Chap. 2), and a summary of rates of deposition in the Southeastern U.S. (Chap. 3). A discussion of the nature of forest soils in the region (Chap. 4) is followed by an overview of previous assessments of soil sensitivity to acidification (Chap. 5). The potential impacts of acidic deposition on forest nutrition are described in themore » context of the degree of current nutrient limitation on forest productivity (Chap. 6). The results of simulations with the MAGIC model provided evaluations of the likely sensitivity of a variety of soils representative of forest soils in the South (Chap. 7), as well as a test of soil sensitivity criteria. The authors' synthesis and recommendations for research (Chap. 8) also serve as an executive summary.« less

AI Techniques for Space: The APSI Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Steel, R.; Niézette, M.; Cesta, A.; Verfaille, G., Lavagna, M.; Donati, A.

2009-05-01

This paper will outline the framework and tools developed under the Advanced Planning and Schedule Initiative (APSI) study performed by VEGA for the European Space Agency in collaboration with three academic institutions, ISTC-CNR, ONERA, and Politecnico di Milano. We will start by illustrating the background history to APSI and why it was needed, giving a brief summary of all the partners within the project and the rolls they played within it. We will then take a closer look at what APSI actually consists of, showing the techniques that were used and detailing the framework that was developed within the scope of the project. We will follow this with an elaboration on the three demonstration test scenarios that have been developed as part of the project, illustrating the re-use and synergies between the three cases along the way. We will finally conclude with a summary of some pros and cons of the approach devised during the project and outline future directions to be further investigated and expanded on within the context of the work performed within the project.

To what extent could performance-based schemes help increase the effectiveness of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV (PMTCT) programs in resource-limited settings? a summary of the published evidence

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background In resource-limited settings, HIV/AIDS remains a serious threat to the social and physical well-being of women of childbearing age, pregnant women, mothers and infants. Discussion In sub-Saharan African countries with high prevalence rates, pediatric HIV/AIDS acquired through mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) can in largely be prevented by using well-established biomedical interventions. Logistical and socio-cultural barriers continue, however, to undermine the successful prevention of MTCT (PMTCT). In this paper, we review reports on maternal, neonatal and child health, as well as HIV care and treatment services that look at program incentives. Summary These studies suggest that comprehensive PMTCT strategies aiming to maximize health-worker motivation in developing countries must involve a mix of both financial and non-financial incentives. The establishment of robust ethical and regulatory standards in public-sector HIV care centers could reduce barriers to PMTCT service provision in sub-Saharan Africa and help them in achieving universal PMTCT targets. PMID:21080926

The Status of Minority Group Representation in Special Education Programs in the State of New Jersey: A Summary Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manni, John L.; And Others

Legal, professional, and historical issues are examined in the report on minority group representation in special education in New Jersey. The historical and legal background traces the controversy over the use of IQ tests with minority children and notes court rulings citing overrepresentation of minority students in classes for the mildly…

Occupational Outlook for College Graduates, 1976-77 Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bureau of Labor Statistics (DOL), Washington, DC.

This handbook is a guide to career opportunities in a broad range of occupations for which a college degree is, or is becoming, the usual background for employment. It contains a brief summary of expected changes in the economy, in addition to an analysis of the overall supply and demand situation for college graduates through the mid-1980's. Each…

Data summary of municipal solid waste management alternatives. Volume 4, Appendix B: RDF technologies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1992-10-01

This appendix contains background information, technical descriptions, economic data, mass and energy balances, and information on environmental releases for the refuse derived fuels (RDF) option in municipal solid waste management alternatives. Demonstration programs at St. Louis, Missouri; Franklin, Ohio; and Delaware are discussed. Information on pellet production and cofiring with coal is also presented.

Training School Pupils in the Scientific Method: Student Participation in an International VLF Radio Experiment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Denton, J. J.; Denton, M. H.; Kavanagh, A. J.; Harron, H.; Ulich, T.; Denton, J. S.

2012-01-01

We report on a school-university collaboration to involve students in the deployment, testing, and operation of a very low frequency (VLF) radio receiver as part of an international network of such experiments. A background to the collaboration is presented, along with a summary of planning and development, and the ultimate deployment of the…

Core Curriculum in Preventing and Reducing School Violence and Vandalism. Course 4: Interpersonal Relations. Participant Guide and Reference Notebook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Human Services, Washington, DC.

This guide, intended for participants in the fourth course of the National School Resource Network Core Curriculum, contains an activity/content summary for each module of the course, worksheets, and background materials. The purpose of this course is to introduce approaches and resources to identify, manage, reduce, resolve, and prevent crisis…

40 CFR Appendix IV to Part 264 - Cochran's Approximation to the Behrens-Fisher Students' t-test

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... summary measures to calculate a t-statistic (t*) and a comparison t-statistic (tc). The t* value is compared to the tc value and a conclusion reached as to whether there has been a statistically significant... made in collecting the background data. The t-statistic (tc), against which t* will be compared...

Supporting and Staffing High-Needs Schools: Recommendations from South Carolina's National Board Certified Teachers[R

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Barnett; Rasberry, Melissa; Byrd, Ann

2007-01-01

On August 5, 2006, more than 300 South Carolina National Board Certified Teachers[R] (NBCTs) assembled in Columbia at a policy summit to address the vexing problem of recruiting and retaining accomplished teachers in high-needs schools. Before this summit, the NBCTs read a number of background papers and research summaries. During the summit, they…

Family Needs and Family Quality of Life for Taiwanese Families of Children with Intellectual Disability and Developmental Delay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chiu, Chun-Yu

2013-01-01

This dissertation consists of four related chapters including an introductory overview of all four chapters, a report on family needs, a report on family quality of life, and a summary of implications for the conceptual framework. Chapter 1, the introductory overview, presents background information of Taiwan and describes the family quality of…

Enhancing Transfer Effectiveness: A Model for the 1990's. First Year Report to the National Effective Transfer Consortium. Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berman, Paul; And Others

This first-year report of the National Effective Transfer Consortium (NETC) summarizes the progress made by the member colleges in creating standardized measures of actual and expected transfer rates and of transfer effectiveness, and establishing a database that would enable valid comparisons among NETC colleges. Following background information…

Accreditation: Removing the Barrier to Higher Education Reform. Backgrounder. No. 2728. Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Lindsey M.; Butler, Stuart M.

2012-01-01

America's higher education system is in dire need of reform. The average college student leaves school with more than $23,000 in debt, and total student loan debt in the United States now exceeds $1 trillion. Furthermore, too many students are leaving college without the skills needed to be successful in the workforce. And yet, despite the dire…

Serving Community College Students on Probation: Four-Year Findings from Chaffey College's Opening Doors Program. Executive Summary

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiss, Michael; Brock, Thomas; Sommo, Colleen; Rudd, Timothy; Turner, Mary Clair

2011-01-01

Community colleges across the United States face a difficult challenge. On the one hand, they are "open access" institutions, with a mission to serve students from all backgrounds and at varying levels of college readiness. On the other hand, they must uphold high academic standards in order to maintain accreditation and prepare students…

Draft Background Document: Summary of Data on Municipal ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

... it •i HI it 221 IM ll HA ii ii HA it ii NA il li NA II 12.' 1*8 1.113 •l Nt ii ii NA •• -.*l UQ • NT .2* «ff .Uj •• HA II -.115 ll N* il • l 1 .91 j •• NA ii .1?.' - tit .mi .112 ...

Multidisciplinary research leading to utilization of extraterrestrial resources

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1972-01-01

Progress of the research accomplished during fiscal year 1972 is reported. The summaries presented include: (1) background analysis and coordination, (2) surface properties of rock in simulated lunar environment, (3) rock failure processes, strength and elastic properties in simulated lunar environment, (4) thermal fragmentation, and thermophysical and optical properties in simulated lunar environment, and (5) use of explosives on the moon.

Social Psychological Exchange of Interpersonal Power and Obligation between U.S. Army Infantry Superordinates and Subordinates

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-06-11

Model (RPM) 21 Leadership Styles ..... 24 Followership Styles 33 Role Relationships Between Styles .... 39 Summary . hi 3. METHODOLOGY 42...48 Hypotheses . 49 4. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION 55 Leadership Styles 55 Followership Styles ..... 62 Background variables 65 Source...for differences in leadership styles of noncommissioned officers, officer candidates, and commissioned officers . . 57 Mean scores and standard

40 CFR Appendix IV to Part 264 - Cochran's Approximation to the Behrens-Fisher Students' t-test

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... summary measures to calculate a t-statistic (t*) and a comparison t-statistic (tc). The t* value is compared to the tc value and a conclusion reached as to whether there has been a statistically significant... made in collecting the background data. The t-statistic (tc), against which t* will be compared...

Cognitive and Metacognitive Learning Strategy Instruction: Its Relevance for Media and Material Design. The Instructional Methods Report Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scheid, Karen

This report is intended to provide publishers and product developers with a summary of background information about strategy instruction for disabled learners. It also offers suggestions for how media and materials could be produced and designed to facilitate the teaching and learning of strategies. The first section looks at cognitive and…

Earth Science Education for the 21st Century Conference (Alexandria, Virginia, April 19-23, 1988). Executive Summary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Geological Inst., Alexandria, VA.

This meeting initiates the planning of new guidelines and a framework for teaching the earth sciences from kindergarten through grade 12. The conference report serves as a discussion paper for a series of American Geological Institute (AGI) regional conferences scheduled for fall and winter, 1988-89. It also provides background for an advisory…

CDDIS Data Center Summary for the 2004 IVS Annual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Carey

2005-01-01

This report summarizes activities during the year 2004 and future plans of the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) with respect to the International VLBI service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). Included in this report are background information about the CDDIS, the computer architecture, staffing the support system, archive contents, and future plans for the CDDIS within the IVS.

Evaluations Backgrounder: A Summary of Formal Evaluations of Afterschool Programs' Impact on Academics, Behavior, Safety and Family Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2011

2011-01-01

Afterschool programs have been operating for decades in communities across the country, and federal investment in afterschool has increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. However, even more investment in the field of afterschool, which includes before school, afterschool and summer learning programs, is needed to keep up with the growing…

Evaluations Backgrounder: A Summary of Formal Evaluations of Afterschool Programs' Impact on Academics, Behavior, Safety and Family Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2014

2014-01-01

Afterschool programs have been operating for decades in communities across the country, and federal investment in afterschool has increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. However, even more investment in the field of afterschool, which includes before-school, afterschool and summer learning programs, is needed to keep up with the growing…

Evaluations Backgrounder: A Summary of Formal Evaluations of Afterschool Programs' Impact on Behavior, Safety and Family Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2007

2007-01-01

Although afterschool programs for children have been operating for many years in some communities, the afterschool movement--the great national awakening to the opportunity afterschool offers--is just a few years old. As public demand for afterschool has grown, so has the demand for accountability. That is particularly true in afterschool…

Evaluations Backgrounder: A Summary of Formal Evaluations of Afterschool Programs' Impact on Academics, Behavior, Safety and Family Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2015

2015-01-01

Afterschool programs have been operating for decades in communities across the country, and federal investment in afterschool has increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. However, even more investment in the field of afterschool, which includes before school, afterschool and summer learning programs, is needed to keep up with the growing…

Evaluations Backgrounder: "A Summary of Formal Evaluations of Afterschool Programs' Impact on Academics, Behavior, Safety and Family Life"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Afterschool Alliance, 2013

2013-01-01

Afterschool programs have been operating for decades in communities across the country, and federal investment in afterschool has increased dramatically since the mid-1990s. However, even more investment in the field of afterschool, which includes before-school, afterschool and summer learning programs, is needed to keep up with the growing…

Combining Low-Energy Electrical Resistance Heating with Biotic and Abiotic Reactions for Treatment of Chlorinated Solvent DNAPL Source Areas

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-01-01

5 2.1.2 In Situ Bioremediation ...Technology Certification Program gpm gallons per minute ISB in situ bioremediation JBLM Joint Base Lewis-McChord mmol millimole MROD Mount...EXECUTIVE SUMMARY BACKGROUND The applicability of in situ groundwater remedies such as in situ bioremediation (ISB) or zero valent iron (ZVI) reduction

PROFILES OF PH.D.'S IN THE SCIENCES, SUMMARY REPORT ON FOLLOW-UP OF DOCTORATE COHORTS, 1935-1960.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

HARMON, LINDSEY R.

QUESTIONS ABOUT THEIR CAREERS AND BACKGROUNDS WERE POSED TO 10,000 DOCTORATE HOLDERS WHO HAD GRADUATED FROM UNITED STATES UNIVERSITIES IN 1935, 1940, 1950, 1955, AND 1960. THE SAMPLE ITSELF WAS STRATIFIED SO THAT THE MAJOR EMPHASIS WAS ON THE HEALTH RELATED SCIENCES. THE QUESTIONNAIRES REQUESTED INFORMATION ON PRESENT EMPLOYMENT, JOBS PREVIOUSLY…

CDDIS Data Center Summary for the 2003 IVS Annual Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noll, Carey

2004-01-01

This report summarizes activities during the year 2003 and future plans of the Crustal Dynamics Data Information System (CDDIS) with respect to the International VLBI Service for Geodesy and Astrometry (IVS). Included in this report are background information about the CDDIS, the computer architecture, staffing supporting the system, archive contents, and future plans for the CDDIS within the IVS.

Prenatal folic acid and risk of asthma in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Crider, Krista S; Cordero, Amy M; Qi, Yan Ping; Mulinare, Joseph; Dowling, Nicole F; Berry, Robert J

2016-01-01

Background Childhood asthma has become a critical public health problem because of its high morbidity and increasing prevalence. The impact of nutrition and other exposures during pregnancy on long-term health and development of children has been of increasing interest. Objective We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of the association of folate and folic acid intake during pregnancy and risk of asthma and other allergic outcomes in children. Design We performed a systematic search of 8 electronic databases for articles that examined the association between prenatal folate or folic acid exposure and risk of asthma and other allergic outcomes (eg, allergy, eczema, and atopic dermatitis) in childhood. We performed a meta-analysis by using a random-effects model to derive a summary risk estimate of studies with similar exposure timing, exposure assessment, and outcomes. Results Our meta-analysis provided no evidence of an association between maternal folic acid supplement use (compared with no use) in the prepregnancy period through the first trimester and asthma in childhood (summary risk estimate: 1.01; 95% CI: 0.78, 1.30). Because of substantial heterogeneity in exposures and outcomes, it was not possible to generate summary measures for other folate indicators (eg, blood folate concentrations) and asthma or allergy-related outcomes; however, the preponderance of primary risk estimates was not elevated. Conclusions Our findings do not support an association between periconceptional folic acid supplementation and increased risk of asthma in children. However, because of the limited number and types of studies in the literature, additional research is needed. PMID:24004895

Shape information from glucose curves: Functional data analysis compared with traditional summary measures

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Plasma glucose levels are important measures in medical care and research, and are often obtained from oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) with repeated measurements over 2–3 hours. It is common practice to use simple summary measures of OGTT curves. However, different OGTT curves can yield similar summary measures, and information of physiological or clinical interest may be lost. Our mean aim was to extract information inherent in the shape of OGTT glucose curves, compare it with the information from simple summary measures, and explore the clinical usefulness of such information. Methods OGTTs with five glucose measurements over two hours were recorded for 974 healthy pregnant women in their first trimester. For each woman, the five measurements were transformed into smooth OGTT glucose curves by functional data analysis (FDA), a collection of statistical methods developed specifically to analyse curve data. The essential modes of temporal variation between OGTT glucose curves were extracted by functional principal component analysis. The resultant functional principal component (FPC) scores were compared with commonly used simple summary measures: fasting and two-hour (2-h) values, area under the curve (AUC) and simple shape index (2-h minus 90-min values, or 90-min minus 60-min values). Clinical usefulness of FDA was explored by regression analyses of glucose tolerance later in pregnancy. Results Over 99% of the variation between individually fitted curves was expressed in the first three FPCs, interpreted physiologically as “general level” (FPC1), “time to peak” (FPC2) and “oscillations” (FPC3). FPC1 scores correlated strongly with AUC (r=0.999), but less with the other simple summary measures (−0.42≤r≤0.79). FPC2 scores gave shape information not captured by simple summary measures (−0.12≤r≤0.40). FPC2 scores, but not FPC1 nor the simple summary measures, discriminated between women who did and did not develop gestational diabetes later in pregnancy. Conclusions FDA of OGTT glucose curves in early pregnancy extracted shape information that was not identified by commonly used simple summary measures. This information discriminated between women with and without gestational diabetes later in pregnancy. PMID:23327294

Benchmarking matching color in composite restorations

PubMed Central

Migliau, Guido; Piccoli, Luca; Besharat, Laith Konstantinos; Romeo, Umberto

2016-01-01

Summary The purpose of this study was to investigate the color samples (A2, A3 and B1) of three different brands of resin composites using dentine masses. 135 discs were prepared (5 plates for each thickness, color and brand of composite material). A colorimetric evaluation, using white and black background, was performed just after preparation. The color was measured corresponding to “Vita” scale and ΔL, Δa, Δb and ΔE values were calculated using a spectrophotometer. The results showed that Value, Chroma and Hue often differ even if the same commercial color and same thickness is used. In conclusion, this study showed that the perfect aesthetics restoration is possible combining individual abilities, experience and correct techniques. PMID:27512531

IUS/TUG orbital operations and mission support study. Volume 3: Space tug operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

A study was conducted to develop space tug operational concepts and baseline operations plan, and to provide cost estimates for space tug operations. Background data and study results are presented along with a transition phase analysis (the transition from interim upper state to tug operations). A summary is given of the tug operational and interface requirements with emphasis on the on-orbit checkout requirements, external interface operational requirements, safety requirements, and system operational interface requirements. Other topics discussed include reference missions baselined for the tug and details for the mission functional flows and timelines derived for the tug mission, tug subsystems, tug on-orbit operations prior to the tug first burn, spacecraft deployment and retrieval by the tug, operations centers, mission planning, potential problem areas, and cost data.

A bright future for bioluminescent imaging in viral research

PubMed Central

Coleman, Stewart M; McGregor, Alistair

2015-01-01

Summary Bioluminescence imaging (BLI) has emerged as a powerful tool in the study of animal models of viral disease. BLI enables real-time in vivo study of viral infection, host immune response and the efficacy of intervention strategies. Substrate dependent light emitting luciferase enzyme when incorporated into a virus as a reporter gene enables detection of bioluminescence from infected cells using sensitive charge-coupled device (CCD) camera systems. Advantages of BLI include low background, real-time tracking of infection in the same animal and reduction in the requirement for larger animal numbers. Transgenic luciferase-tagged mice enable the use of pre-existing nontagged viruses in BLI studies. Continued development in luciferase reporter genes, substrates, transgenic animals and imaging systems will greatly enhance future BLI strategies in viral research. PMID:26413138

Social Ties and Cognitive Recovery after Stroke: Does Social Integration Promote Cognitive Resilience?

PubMed Central

Glymour, M. Maria; Weuve, Jennifer; Fay, Martha E.; Glass, Thomas; Berkman, Lisa F.

2008-01-01

Background/Aims Little is known about the possible effects of social resources on stroke survivors’ level and change in cognitive outcomes. Understanding this association may help us identify strategies to improve stroke recovery and help elucidate the etiology of dementia. Methods We examined the relationship of social ties and social support to cognitive function and cognitive change 6 months after stroke. Participants in the Families in Recovery from Stroke Trial (FIRST) (n = 272) were interviewed approximately 17 days (baseline) and 6 months (follow-up) after stroke. Cognition was assessed with the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) and a summary battery of 7 neuropsychological tests. Median-based regression was used to model cognitive outcomes by level of baseline intimate, personal and organizational social ties and received emotional and instrumental support. Results Baseline social ties and emotional sup- port independently predicted 6-month Cognitive Summary Scores. Emotional support also predicted greater improvements in Cognitive Summary Scores from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. No other social exposures predicted improvements in the MMSE or the Cognitive Summary. Conclusions Our results suggest that emotional support may promote cognitive resilience while social ties provide cognitive reserve that protects against impaired cognition after stroke. Social ties did not predict cognitive recovery however, so reverse causation cannot be ruled out. PMID:18535395

The 12-item medical outcomes study short form health survey version 2.0 (SF-12v2): a population-based validation study from Tehran, Iran

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background The SF-12v2 is the improved version of the SF-12v1. This study aimed to validate the SF-12v2 in Iran. Methods A random sample of the general population aged 18 years and over living in Tehran, Iran completed the instrument. Reliability was estimated using internal consistency and validity was assessed using known-groups comparison and convergent validity. In addition the factor structure of the questionnaire was extracted by performing both exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA). Results In all, 3685 individuals were studied (1887male and 1798 female). Internal consistency for both summary measures was satisfactory. Cronbach's α for the Physical Component Summary (PCS-12) was 0.87 and for the Mental Component Summary (MCS-12) it was 0.82. Known-groups comparison showed that the SF-12v2 discriminated well between men and women and those who differed in age and educational status (P < 0.05). Furthermore, as hypothesized the physical functioning, role physical, bodily pain and general health subscales correlated higher with the PCS-12, while the vitality, social functioning, role emotional and mental health subscales correlated higher with the MCS-12. Finally the exploratory factor analysis indicated a two-factor structure (physical and mental health) that jointly accounted for 59.9% of the variance. The confirmatory factory analysis also indicated a good fit to the data for the two-latent structure (physical and mental health). Conclusion Although the findings could not be generalized to the Iranian population, overall the findings suggest that the SF-12v2 is a reliable and valid measure of health related quality of life among Iranians and now could be used in future health outcome studies. However, further studies are recommended to establish its stability, responsiveness to change, and concurrent validity for this health survey in Iran. PMID:21385359

Diagnostic accuracy of level 3 portable sleep tests versus level 1 polysomnography for sleep-disordered breathing: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

El Shayeb, Mohamed; Topfer, Leigh-Ann; Stafinski, Tania; Pawluk, Lawrence; Menon, Devidas

2014-01-01

Background: Greater awareness of sleep-disordered breathing and rising obesity rates have fueled demand for sleep studies. Sleep testing using level 3 portable devices may expedite diagnosis and reduce the costs associated with level 1 in-laboratory polysomnography. We sought to assess the diagnostic accuracy of level 3 testing compared with level 1 testing and to identify the appropriate patient population for each test. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of comparative studies of level 3 versus level 1 sleep tests in adults with suspected sleep-disordered breathing. We searched 3 research databases and grey literature sources for studies that reported on diagnostic accuracy parameters or disease management after diagnosis. Two reviewers screened the search results, selected potentially relevant studies and extracted data. We used a bivariate mixed-effects binary regression model to estimate summary diagnostic accuracy parameters. Results: We included 59 studies involving a total of 5026 evaluable patients (mostly patients suspected of having obstructive sleep apnea). Of these, 19 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The estimated area under the receiver operating characteristics curve was high, ranging between 0.85 and 0.99 across different levels of disease severity. Summary sensitivity ranged between 0.79 and 0.97, and summary specificity ranged between 0.60 and 0.93 across different apnea–hypopnea cut-offs. We saw no significant difference in the clinical management parameters between patients who underwent either test to receive their diagnosis. Interpretation: Level 3 portable devices showed good diagnostic performance compared with level 1 sleep tests in adult patients with a high pretest probability of moderate to severe obstructive sleep apnea and no unstable comorbidities. For patients suspected of having other types of sleep-disordered breathing or sleep disorders not related to breathing, level 1 testing remains the reference standard. PMID:24218531

All of Us Are Present. The Stephens College Symposium. Women's Education: The Future (Columbia, Missouri, February 15-18, 1983).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bender, Eleanor M., Ed.; And Others

Women's education and the future are considered in 10 papers/summaries from a 1983 symposium at Stephens College. Four basic themes are addressed: effects of social change on women's lives; the diversity of women students (in age, racial/ethnic background, economic level); structure/content of the college curriculum; and the necessity to make…

Degradation of learned skills. A review and annotated bibliography

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gardlin, G. R.; Sitterley, T. E.

1972-01-01

An overview of the literature dealing with the retention of learned skills is presented. Basic effects of task type, training, retention interval, and recall variables are discussed, providing a background against which more recent literature dealing with operational spaceflights tasks is compared and assessed. Detailed and summary abstracts of research reports having particular relevance to the problem of spaceflight skill retention are provided.

Workforce Development Act of 1995. Report together with Additional and Minority Views To Accompany S.143. 104th Congress, 1st Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Congress of the U.S., Washington, DC. Senate Committee on Labor and Human Resources.

This congressional report addresses the Workforce Development Act of 1995 that would consolidate federal employment training programs and create a new process and structure for funding the programs. Contents include the following: a summary of the bill; background and need for the legislation; history of the legislation and votes in committee;…

Experimental Evaluation of Concepts for Miqsture; An Online Interactive Language for Tactical Intelligence Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-10

Review Collection Plan File. L... _.. Table 20 (Item 18) Items 76 17, and’ 78 compared three different METHODS for recording the outcomes of a task...3-1 3.2 Background ........ n. .... .............. ...... 3-1 3.3 Method Summary...aspects of descriptions of selected tasks from Army tactical Intelli- gence processing. The results provided indications of what query methods have

Egypt: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-02-08

Hatshepsut tomb near Luxor in southern Egypt in November 1997, killing 58 foreign tourists and four Egyptians before committing suicide. Previously, Jamaah...U.S. Relations Summary This report provides an overview of Egyptian politics and current issues in U.S.- Egyptian relations. It briefly provides a... Egyptian relations are complex and multi-faceted, and this report addresses the following current topics: the Arab-Israeli peace process, Iraq, terrorism

Background Papers for the Private Independent Camps Colloquium, "Designing for Success in the 90's" (Itasca, Illinois, October 13-15, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chenery, Mary Faeth, Ed.

These papers examine societal forces and demographic trends that will affect private camping in the next decade. Each paper begins with an executive summary. The body of each paper then documents the conclusions and speculates on the implications for camping. Reference lists also are provided. "American Values and Organized Camping" by F. M.…

Deep space network: Mission support requirements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The purpose is to provide NASA and Jet Propulsion Laboratory management with a concise summary of information concerning the forecasting of the necessary support and requirements for missions described here, including the Earth Radiation Budget Experiment, the Cosmic Background Explorer, the Comet Rendezvous Asteroid Flyby, the Cassini, and the Dynamics Explorer-1. A brief description of various missions along with specific support requirements for each are given.

Service Engagement in Interventions for Street-Connected Children and Young People: A Summary of Evidence Supplementing a Recent Cochrane-Campbell Review

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hossain, Rosa; Coren, Esther

2015-01-01

Background: This paper builds on a Cochrane-Campbell systematic review of interventions that reduce harms and promote reintegration in street-connected children and young people focusing on intervention outcomes. The aim of the present analysis is to explore questions raised in the systematic review over the potential role of service engagement in…

Women in the Media: The Beirut Consultation. (Beirut, Lebanon, February 19-24, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

World Association for Christian Communication, London (England).

This report presents a summary of the experiences shared and presentations at a meeting attended by 20 women from different cultures, backgrounds, and situations who met to consider the role of women in the media, the responsible use of media, and the image of women portrayed there. Their main task was to find ways of helping the three sponsoring…

Colloquy on "Women and Migration: Cultural and Educational Aspects." The CDCC's Project No. 7: "The Education and Cultural Development of Migrants" (Strasbourg, France, November 19-21, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van den Berg-Eldering, Lotty

The proceedings of a colloquy on the education and cultural development of migrant women, sponsored by the Council of Europe's Council for Cultural Co-operation (CDCC), are summarized in this volume, which includes background papers, speeches, discussion summaries, recommendations, and bibliographies. The opening section explains the history of…

CSTT Update: Fuel Quality Analyzer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brosha, Eric L.; Lujan, Roger W.; Mukundan, Rangachary

These are slides from a presentation. The following topics are covered: project background (scope and approach), developing the prototype (timeline), update on intellectual property, analyzer comparisons (improving humidification, stabilizing the baseline, applying clean-up strategy, impact of ionomer content and improving clean-up), proposed operating mode, considerations for testing in real-world conditions (Gen 1 analyzer electronics development, testing partner identified, field trial planning), summary, and future work.

Background Perchlorate Source Identification Technical Guidance

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Sciences Branch (Code 71752) of the Advanced Systems and Applied Sciences Division (Code 71700), Space and Naval Warfare Systems Center (SSC Pacific), San...Head Advanced Systems & Applied Sciences Division iii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The objective of this document is to outline the approach, tools, and...Helium HMX Octahydro-1,3,5,7-Tetranitro-1,3,5,7- Tetrazocine IR Installation Restoration IRIS Integrated Risk Information System IR-MS Isotope-Ratio

Handheld Broadband Electromagnetic UXO Sensor

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-12-01

metal pipes of various sizes, some ferrous (steel) and some nonferrous (3 aluminum, 2 copper), have been buried at depths ranging from 10 to 110cm...Cart- or Sled-Mounted, and Pushed or Towed ......4 Figure 4. Example of Metallic Target Spectra for Sensor Axis...1 1.0 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1.1 BACKGROUND Detection of unexploded ordnance (UXO) and discrimination between UXO and metallic clutter pose challenges

Determining and Forecasting Savings from Competing Previously Sole Source/Noncompetitive Contracts

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-10-01

SUMMARY A. BACKGROUND. Within the defense market , It is difficult to isolate, identify and quantify the impact of competition on acquisition costs...63 C. F04iCASTING METhODOLOGY .................. . 7 0. COMPETITION INDEX . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . 77 E . USE AS A FORECASTING TOOL...program is still active. e . From this projection, calculate the actual total contract price coiencing with the buy-out competition by multiplying the

Review and Planning Report for Student Suppport Services: P.L. 94-142 and P.L. 89-313 Federally Funded Projects.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weaver, Betsy; Halloway, Sydney

The report provides summary evaluative data on 18 federally funded special education projects in Boston involving more than 2,518 students, 632 parents, and 1,535 school staff. An introductory section provides background information on funding and levels of services provided to handicapped students in the Boston public schools. Section 2 focuses…

Solar Technology Information Transfer in South Carolina: Report of a Planning Conference (Columbia, South Carolina, August 1-2, 1978).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gissendanner, Cassandra S., Ed.

The deliberations of the planning conference to discuss and outline a statewide functioning solar energy technology network and a set of recommendations for future action are presented in this report. Topic areas include background information on both the project and the current energy information system in South Carolina, along with a summary of…

Evaluation of Nanocomposites for Shielding Electromagnetic Interference

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-09-01

ESD Electrostatic Discharge FAA Federal Aviation Administration FRP Fiberglass Reinforced Plastic GCR Galactic Cosmic Radiation GSM Grams...1.6 Summary This thesis presentation is divided into five chapters. Chapter I covers the background of space-based systems along with the present...amount of cosmic junk floating near earth is due to the lack of foresight and planning of early space policy. The race to space failed to implement

Core Curriculum in Preventing and Reducing School Violence and Vandalism. Course 3: School Climate. Participant Guide and Reference Notebook.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Center for Human Services, Washington, DC.

This guide, intended for participants in the third course of the National School Resource Network Core Curriculum, contains an activity/content summary for each module of the course, worksheets, and background materials. The purpose of the course is to introduce a conceptual overview and definition of "school climate" with the goal of effecting…

Status of the Southern California Edison Company 3 MW Wind Turbine Generator (WTG) demonstration project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Scheffler, R. L.

1979-01-01

To demonstrate the concept of utility scale electricity production from a high wind energy resource, a program was initiated to construct and test a 3 megawatt (3,000 kW) Schachle wind turbine generator near Palm Springs, California. The background and current status of this program are presented along with a summary of future planned program activities.

The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Power, Melinda C.; Weuve, Jennifer; Gagne, Joshua J.; McQueen, Matthew B.; Viswanathan, Anand; Blacker, Deborah

2013-01-01

Background Many epidemiologic studies have considered the association between blood pressure (BP) and Alzheimer disease, yet the relationship remains poorly understood. Methods In parallel with work on the AlzRisk online database (www.alzrisk.org), we conducted a systematic review to identify all epidemiologic studies meeting pre-specified criteria reporting on the association between hypertension, systolic BP, or diastolic BP and incident Alzheimer disease. When possible, we computed summary measures using random-effects models and explored potential heterogeneity related to age at BP assessment. Results Eighteen studies reporting on 19 populations met the eligibility criteria. We computed summary relative risks (RRΣ) for three measures of BP: hypertension (RRΣ=0.97 [95% confidence interval= 0.80–1.16]); a 10 mm Hg-increase in systolic BP (RRΣ=0.95 [0.91–1.00]); and a 10 mm Hg-increase in diastolic BP (RRΣ=0.94 [0.85–1.04]). We were unable to compute summary estimates for the association between categories of systolic or diastolic BP and Alzheimer disease; however, there did not appear to be a consistent pattern across studies. After stratifying on age at BP assessment, we found a suggestion of an inverse association between late-life hypertension and Alzheimer disease and a suggestion of an adverse association between midlife diastolic hypertension and Alzheimer disease. Conclusions Based on existing epidemiologic research, we cannot determine whether there is a causal association between BP and Alzheimer disease. Selection bias and reverse causation may account for the suggested inverse association between late-life hypertension on Alzheimer disease, but, given the expected direction of these biases, they are less likely to account for the suggestion that midlife hypertension increases risk. We advocate continuing systematic review; the Alzrisk database entry on this topic (www.alzrisk.org), which was completed in parallel with this work, will be updated as new studies are published. PMID:21705906

Comparison of health related quality of life between two groups of veteran and non-veteran spinal cord injured patients

PubMed Central

Salamati, Payman; Rostami, Reza; Saadat, Soheil; Taheri, Taher; Tajabadi, Maryam; Ranjbari, Ghazale; Naji, Zohrehsadat; Jafarpour, Saba; Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa

2015-01-01

Background: Patients with spinal cord injury (SCI) have a lower health related quality of life (HRQOL) compared to both healthy controls and the normal population. The aim of this study was to compare HRQOL between two groups of veteran and non-veteran SCI patients. Methods: All male paraplegic non-veterans who had sustained complete SCI before 1988 and were residents of Tehran province (Iran), and a similar group of SCI veterans who consecutively participated in a health screening program were enrolled in this study. Patients fewer than 35 and older than 65 years of age were not included in this study. The participants were interviewed based on the Persian version of SF-36 questionnaire by two psychologists. Eight sub-scales and two physical and mental component summaries of the instrument were assessed. We used chi-square, odds ratio, Mann-Whitney U, independent t-test and linear regression for analysis. Results: Overall, 25 veterans and 22 non-veterans were enrolled in the study. The mean age, time since injury and the presence of comorbid illnesses were not significantly different between the two groups (P>0.05). A greater number of veterans were married (p= 0.003) and employed (p= 0.047). On average, veterans had more years of formal education than non-veterans (p= 0.001). The mean (SD) bodily pain sub-scale was 72.73(31.253) for non-veterans and 49.7 (28.287) for veterans (p=0.011). Absence of comorbid illnesses was associated with a better physical component summary (p< 0.001). Employment was associated with a better mental component summary (p= 0.022). Conclusion: We did not find any differences in HRQOL between the two groups except for the bodily pain sub-scale. Further studies with larger sample sizes are recommended. PMID:26157716

The Alaskan mineral resource assessment program; background information to accompany folio of geologic and mineral resource maps of the Ambler River Quadrangle, Alaska

USGS Publications Warehouse

Mayfield, Charles F.; Tailleur, I.L.; Albert, N.R.; Ellersieck, Inyo; Grybeck, Donald; Hackett, S.W.

1983-01-01

The Ambler River quadrangle, consisting of 14,290 km2 (5,520 mi2) in northwest Alaska, was investigated by an interdisciplinary research team for the purpose of assessing the mineral resource potential of the quadrangle. This report provides background information for a folio of maps on the geology, reconnaissance geochemistry, aeromagnetics, Landsat imagery, and mineral resource evaluation of the quadrangle. A summary of the geologic history, radiometric dates, and fossil localities and a comprehensive bibliography are also included. The quadrangle contains jade reserves, now being mined, and potentially significant resources of copper, zinc, lead, and silver.

Prediction of Driving Safety in Individuals with Homonymous Hemianopia and Quadrantanopia from Clinical Neuroimaging

PubMed Central

Vaphiades, Michael S.; Kline, Lanning B.; McGwin, Gerald; Owsley, Cynthia; Shah, Ritu; Wood, Joanne M.

2014-01-01

Background. This study aimed to determine whether it is possible to predict driving safety of individuals with homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia based upon a clinical review of neuroimages that are routinely available in clinical practice. Methods. Two experienced neuroophthalmologists viewed a summary report of the CT/MRI scans of 16 participants with homonymous hemianopic or quadrantanopic field defects which indicated the site and extent of the lesion and they made predictions regarding whether participants would be safe/unsafe to drive. Driving safety was independently defined at the time of the study using state-recorded motor vehicle crashes (all crashes and at-fault) for the previous 5 years and ratings of driving safety determined through a standardized on-road driving assessment by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist. Results. The ability to predict driving safety was highly variable regardless of the driving safety measure, ranging from 31% to 63% (kappa levels ranged from −0.29 to 0.04). The level of agreement between the neuroophthalmologists was only fair (kappa = 0.28). Conclusions. Clinical evaluation of summary reports of currently available neuroimages by neuroophthalmologists is not predictive of driving safety. Future research should be directed at identifying and/or developing alternative tests or strategies to better enable clinicians to make these predictions. PMID:24683493

Prediction of driving safety in individuals with homonymous hemianopia and quadrantanopia from clinical neuroimaging.

PubMed

Vaphiades, Michael S; Kline, Lanning B; McGwin, Gerald; Owsley, Cynthia; Shah, Ritu; Wood, Joanne M

2014-01-01

Background. This study aimed to determine whether it is possible to predict driving safety of individuals with homonymous hemianopia or quadrantanopia based upon a clinical review of neuroimages that are routinely available in clinical practice. Methods. Two experienced neuroophthalmologists viewed a summary report of the CT/MRI scans of 16 participants with homonymous hemianopic or quadrantanopic field defects which indicated the site and extent of the lesion and they made predictions regarding whether participants would be safe/unsafe to drive. Driving safety was independently defined at the time of the study using state-recorded motor vehicle crashes (all crashes and at-fault) for the previous 5 years and ratings of driving safety determined through a standardized on-road driving assessment by a certified driving rehabilitation specialist. Results. The ability to predict driving safety was highly variable regardless of the driving safety measure, ranging from 31% to 63% (kappa levels ranged from -0.29 to 0.04). The level of agreement between the neuroophthalmologists was only fair (kappa = 0.28). Conclusions. Clinical evaluation of summary reports of currently available neuroimages by neuroophthalmologists is not predictive of driving safety. Future research should be directed at identifying and/or developing alternative tests or strategies to better enable clinicians to make these predictions.

Background studies in support of a feasibility assessment on the use of copper-base materials for nuclear waste packages in a repository in tuff

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Van Konynenburg, R.A.; Kundig, K.J.A.; Lyman, W.S.

1990-06-01

This report combines six work units performed in FY`85--86 by the Copper Development Association and the International Copper Research Association under contract with the University of California. The work includes literature surveys and state-of-the-art summaries on several considerations influencing the feasibility of the use of copper-base materials for fabricating high-level nuclear waste packages for the proposed repository in tuff rock at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. The general conclusion from this work was that copper-base materials are viable candidates for inclusion in the materials selection process for this application. 55 refs., 48 figs., 22 tabs.

Myositis Ossificans Mimicking Sarcoma, the Importance of Diagnostic Imaging – Case Report

PubMed Central

Łuczyńska, Elżbieta; Kasperkiewicz, Hanna; Domalik, Agnieszka; Cwierz, Anna; Bobek-Billewicz, Barbara

2014-01-01

Summary Background Myositis ossificans is localized inflammatory process affecting skeletal muscles. Very rarely it can affect one of the neck muscles and present as a neck tumor, it can be misdiagnosed as the clinical, radiological and histological examinations can mimic a sarcoma. Case Report We report a 29 year old female patient with neck tumor suspected to be a sarcoma who underwent full diagnostics imaging and open bipsy with histopatological examination, afterwards surgical excision was performed. Conclusions The aim of this study was to present the differential diagnosis based on diagnostics imaging between MO and malignant tumors, such as parosteal sarcoma, synovial sarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma. PMID:25077008

Interplay between lipids and branched-chain amino acids in development of insulin resistance

PubMed Central

Newgard, Christopher B.

2013-01-01

Summary Fatty acids (FA) and FA-derived metabolites have long been implicated in the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Surprisingly, application of metabolomics technologies has revealed that branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) and related metabolites are more strongly associated with insulin resistance than many common lipid species. Moreover, the BCAA-related signature is predictive of incident diabetes and intervention outcomes, and uniquely responsive to therapeutic interventions. Nevertheless, in animal feeding studies, BCAA supplementation requires the background of a high-fat diet to promote insulin resistance. This article develops a model to explain how lipids and BCAA may synergize to promote metabolic diseases. PMID:22560213

Properties of permutation-based gene tests and controlling type 1 error using a summary statistic based gene test

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background The advent of genome-wide association studies has led to many novel disease-SNP associations, opening the door to focused study on their biological underpinnings. Because of the importance of analyzing these associations, numerous statistical methods have been devoted to them. However, fewer methods have attempted to associate entire genes or genomic regions with outcomes, which is potentially more useful knowledge from a biological perspective and those methods currently implemented are often permutation-based. Results One property of some permutation-based tests is that their power varies as a function of whether significant markers are in regions of linkage disequilibrium (LD) or not, which we show from a theoretical perspective. We therefore develop two methods for quantifying the degree of association between a genomic region and outcome, both of whose power does not vary as a function of LD structure. One method uses dimension reduction to “filter” redundant information when significant LD exists in the region, while the other, called the summary-statistic test, controls for LD by scaling marker Z-statistics using knowledge of the correlation matrix of markers. An advantage of this latter test is that it does not require the original data, but only their Z-statistics from univariate regressions and an estimate of the correlation structure of markers, and we show how to modify the test to protect the type 1 error rate when the correlation structure of markers is misspecified. We apply these methods to sequence data of oral cleft and compare our results to previously proposed gene tests, in particular permutation-based ones. We evaluate the versatility of the modification of the summary-statistic test since the specification of correlation structure between markers can be inaccurate. Conclusion We find a significant association in the sequence data between the 8q24 region and oral cleft using our dimension reduction approach and a borderline significant association using the summary-statistic based approach. We also implement the summary-statistic test using Z-statistics from an already-published GWAS of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disorder (COPD) and correlation structure obtained from HapMap. We experiment with the modification of this test because the correlation structure is assumed imperfectly known. PMID:24199751

Chickenpox and Risk of Stroke: A Self-controlled Case Series Analysis

PubMed Central

Thomas, Sara L.; Minassian, Caroline; Ganesan, Vijeya; Langan, Sinéad M.; Smeeth, Liam

2014-01-01

Background. There is good evidence that respiratory and other infections that cause systemic inflammation can trigger strokes; however, the role of specific infections is unclear. Case reports have highlighted chickenpox as a possible risk factor for arterial ischemic stroke, particularly in children, but rigorous studies are needed to determine and quantify any increased risk. Methods. We used anonymized electronic health records totaling >100 million person-years of observation from 4 UK primary care databases to identify individuals who had documented clinical chickenpox and a stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA). Self-controlled case series methods were used to quantify any increased risk of first stroke or TIA in the 0–6 and 7–12 months following chickenpox compared to other observed time periods. We analyzed data within each database, and performed meta-analyses to obtain summary age-adjusted incidence ratios (IRs) separately for adults and children. Results. Five hundred sixty eligible individuals (including 60 children) were identified who experienced chickenpox and a stroke or TIA during follow-up. Among children, there was a 4-fold increased risk of stroke in the 0–6 months after chickenpox (summary IR = 4.07; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.96–8.45; I2 = 0%). Among adults, there was a less marked increased risk with moderate between-database heterogeneity (random-effects summary IR = 2.13; 95% CI, 1.05–4.36; I2 = 51%). There was no significant increased risk of stroke in the 7–12 months after chickenpox in children or adults, nor was there evidence of increased risk of TIA in either time period. Conclusions. Our study provides new evidence that children who experience chickenpox are at increased risk of stroke in the subsequent 6 months. PMID:24092802

The Use of Summaries in Studying Texts.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Duchastel, Philippe C.

1983-01-01

Presents a scheme for comparing the text-learning outcomes derivable from study of either text or a summary of the text and considers some practical study strategies students might adopt when summaries are available and when they are not. The value of summaries in instructional situations is discussed. (MBR)

The Republic of the Philippines: Background and U.S. Relations

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-15

President Noli de Catro; former Senate President Manuel B. Villar (Nacionalista Party); Senator Loren Legarda (Genuine Opposition coalition), and Senator... Manuel “Mar” Roxas II (Liberal Party).7 On the one hand, RP citizens enjoy a high level of political freedom, including a robust civil society, while...Special Rapporteur on Extrajudicial, Summary or Arbitrary Executions, Philip Alston, to conduct a fact- finding mission. The task force ( Melo Commission

Developing a Common Metric for Evaluating Police Performance in Deadly Force Situations

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-27

2005).“Police Inservice Deadly Force Training and Requalification in Washington State.” Law Enforcement Executive Forum, 5(2):67-86. NIJ Metric...OF: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Background There is a critical lack of scientific evidence about whether deadly force management, accountability and training ...Army Research Office P.O. Box 12211 Research Triangle Park, NC 27709-2211 15. SUBJECT TERMS training metrics develoment, deadly encounters

A Decadal Regional and Global Trend Analysis of the Aerosol Optical Depth using a Data-Assimilation Grade Over-Water MODIS and Level 2 MISR Aerosol Products

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

and seasonal sensitivities to clear sky fraction and emissions (e.g., see annual state of the climate summaries in the BAMS, http://www.ncdc.noaa...gov/bams- state - of - the - climate /). Long term changes are as- sumed to be attributable to more background changes of en- ergy use and economic development

EMP Vulnerabilities of Telecommunications Facilities and Their Relevance to EMP Protection Standards

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-01

capacitor must be capable of withstanding surges of two and one-half times the rated voltage with a rise time of the surge to half crest voltage of 4...n Executive Summary This report identifies and categorizes the reasons for High Altitude Electromagnetic Pulse (HEMP) vulnerability of terrestrial...for the design, installation and maintenance of telecommunication facilities. 1.1 Background High- altitude EMP (HEMP) vulnerabilities and effects

Mobile Telemetry Van Remote Control Upgrade

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-05-17

Advantages of Remote Control System Upgrade • Summary Overview • Remote control of Telemetry Mobile Ground Support ( TMGS ) Van proposed to allow...NWC) personnel provided valuable data for full-function remote control of telemetry tracking vans Background • TMGS Vans support Flight Test...control capability from main TM site at Building 5790 currently allows support via TMGS Van at nearby C- 15 Site, Plant 42 in Palmdale, and as far

The EPDA Institute in Bilingual Education for Teachers of Spanish to the Spanish Speaking (Univ. of Arizona, June 16-August 8, 1969). Final Report of the Director.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arizona Univ., Tucson.

An 8-week summer institute (three weeks background and preparation, two weeks practice, three weeks summary and translation) was conducted to improve and reorient the abilities of selected high school teachers by giving advanced academic training in the areas of Mexican language, literature, and culture; and by relating these areas of experience…

Smaborns Dagpasning: Et Problem for Foraeldre og Kommuner. (Day-Care of Pre-School Children: A Problem to Parents and Local Authorities. With an English Summary). Publication No. 103.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gronhoj, Bodil

Survey data were collected for the purposes of describing and comparing various forms of day care provision for preschool children within Danish municipalities with different day care provision and different degrees of urbanization. Information concerning the family background of subjects, parental assessment of different aspects of day care and…

The Role of SF2 in Prostate Cancer Progression

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-01

4 INTRODUCTION Background/Subject: Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most prevalent non-cutaneous cancers in men and the second...focused on the identification of PCa cell model systems and their subsequent manipulation of SF2 and cyclin D1 to mimic human disease (Subaim 1). The...Subaim 1: Generate PCa cells to mimic human disease. Summary: Preliminary data, in the initial Proposal, from a publically available gene expression

Effective Delivery of Transition Assistance to Air Force Members Leaving the Service.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-03-01

Members Leaving the Service AF504R1/MARCH 1997 Executive Summary BACKGROUND Congress established the Transition Assistance Program (TAP) for the armed...forces in the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 1991 (Public Law 101-510). This program assists military members and their families...other FSC program managers are responsible for delivering some transition services, espe- cially relocation assistance , financial counseling, and

Lesson Plan on Comparative Political Systems: Compare and Contrast the Presidential Election System of the USA to the Parliamentary Election System of Hungary.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

O'Connell, Daniel W.

This lesson describes the current government of Hungary and its underlying political and electoral systems. The lesson is structured with: (1) background on the parliamentary model of government, political parties, and Hungary's unique electoral system; (2) a summary of the six major political parties in Hungary and voter information for the 1990…

Microwave Radiation and Thermoregulation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-11-01

AD-Alll 244 JOHN B PIERCE FOUNDATION LAB NEW HAVEN CONN F/S 6/18 MICROWAVE RADIATION AND THERMOREGULATION .(U) NOV 81 E R ADAIR AFOSR-77-3420...KEY WORDS rCo ntinue on reverse ,ide if necessary end identify by block number) behavioral thermoregulation squirrel monkey autonomic thermoregulation ...GOVERNMENT ~ j ~3Approved f or public release TABLE OF CONTENTS Page SUMMARY 1 BACKGROUND 3 A. Temperature changes and thermoregulation 3 B. Basic data on

Paying for Highways, Airways, and Waterways: How can Users be Charged?

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-05-01

publication. Robert D. Reischauer Director May 1992 Contents SUMMARY xi ONE INTRODUCTION Federal Financing of the Transportation Infrastructure 1 Economic...Federal Spending on Highways 13 Cm rent Financing Policy 13 Costs and Efficient Charges 17 Other Considerations in Adopting New User Charges 27...Conclusion 28 THREE AIRWAYS 29 Background 30 Current Financing Policy 34 The Relationship of Taxes to Costs of ATC 37 Alternative Financing Mechanisms 41

Peacekeeping/Stabilization and Conflict Transitions: Background and Congressional Action on the Civilian Response/Reserve Corps and Other Civilian Stabilization and Reconstruction Capabilities

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-02-05

Peace Operations. February 24, 2000 http://www.fas.org/irp/ offdocs/pdd/pdd-71-4.htm, hereafter referred to as PDD-71 White Paper; and U.S. Text ... Summary of Presidential Decision Directive 71, http://www.fas.org/irp/offdocs/pdd/pdd-71-1.htm. 8 See CRS Report RL32321, Policing in Peacekeeping and

JUNO Photovoltaic Power at Jupiter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dawson, Stephen F.; Stella, Paul; McAlpine, William; Smith, Brian

2012-01-01

This paper summarizes the Juno modeling team work on predicting the Juno solar array performance at critical mission points including Juno Orbit Insertion (JOI) and End of Mission (EOM). This report consists of background on Juno solar array design, a summary of power estimates, an explanation of the modeling approach used by Aerospace, a detailed discussion of loss factors and performance predictions, a thermal analysis, and a review of risks to solar array performance

Relative Contributions of Agricultural Drift, Para-Occupational ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Background: Increased pesticide concentrations in house dust in agricultural areas have been attributed to several exposure pathways, including agricultural drift, para-occupational, and residential use. Objective: To guide future exposure assessment efforts, we quantified relative contributions of these pathways using meta-regression models of published data on dust pesticide concentrations. Methods: From studies in North American agricultural areas published from 1995-2015, we abstracted dust pesticide concentrations reported as summary statistics (e.g., geometric means (GM)). We analyzed these data using mixed-effects meta-regression models that weighted each summary statistic by its inverse variance. Dependent variables were either the log-transformed GM (drift) or the log-transformed ratio of GMs from two groups (para-occupational, residential use). Results: For the drift pathway, predicted GMs decreased sharply and nonlinearly, with GMs 64% lower in homes 250 m versus 23 m from fields (inter-quartile range of published data) based on 52 statistics from 7 studies. For the para-occupational pathway, GMs were 2.3 times higher (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.5-3.3; 15 statistics, 5 studies) in homes of farmers who applied pesticides more versus less recently or frequently. For the residential use pathway, GMs were 1.3 (95%CI: 1.1-1.4) and 1.5 (95%CI: 1.2-1.9) times higher in treated versus untreated homes, when the probability that a pesticide was used for

Impact of Smoking on the Risk of Pancreatitis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Ye, Xiaohua; Lu, Guangrong; Huai, Jiaping; Ding, Jin

2015-01-01

Background and objective Cigarette smoking may increase the risk of developing pancreatic cancer, although its impact on pancreatitis has only been discerned in recent years. However, the results of previous studies differ. We performed a meta-analysis to provide a quantitative pooled risk estimate of the association of cigarette smoking with pancreatitis. Method A literature search of the MEDLINE and Embase databases was conducted, and studies were selected that investigated the association of cigarette smoking with pancreatitis. Summary relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using a random-effects model. Results Twenty-two studies were included. The summary RRs (95% CI) associated with ever, current and former smokers for acute and chronic pancreatitis (AP/CP) were as follows: 1.51 (1.10, 2.07)/3.00 (1.46, 6.17), 1.42 (1.08, 1.87)/2.72 (1.74, 4.24), and 1.22 (0.99, 1.52)/1.27 (1.00, 1.62), respectively. Moreover, studies that analyzed both AP and CP were also summarized: 1.73 (1.18, 2.54) for ever smokers, 1.67 (1.03, 2.68) for current smokers and 1.56 (1.16, 2.11) for former smokers, respectively. There was no evidence of publication bias across the studies. Conclusion The evidence suggests a positive association of cigarette smoking with the development of pancreatitis. It is possible that smoking cessation may be a useful strategy for the management of pancreatitis. PMID:25879541

National water summary 1988-89: Hydrologic events and floods and droughts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Paulson, Richard W.; Chase, Edith B.; Roberts, Robert S.; Moody, David W.

1991-01-01

National Water Summary 1988-89 - Hydrologic Events and Floods and Droughts documents the occurrence in the United States, Puerto Rico, and the U.S. Virgin Islands of two types of extreme hydrologic events floods and droughts on the basis of analysis of stream-discharge data. This report details, for the first time, the areal extent of the most notable floods and droughts in each State, portrays their severity in terms of annual peak discharge for floods and annual departure from long-term discharge for droughts for selected stream-gaging stations, and estimates how frequently floods and droughts of such severity can be expected to recur. These two types of extreme hydrologic events are very different in their duration, cause, areal extent, and effect on human activities. Floods are short-term phenomena that typically last only a few hours to a few days and are associated with weather systems that produce unusually large amounts of rain or that cause snow to melt quickly. The large amount of runoff produced causes rivers to overflow their banks and, thus, is highly dangerous to human life and property. In contrast, droughts are long-term phenomena that typically persist for months to a decade or more and are associated with the absence of precipitation producing weather. They affect large geographic areas that can be statewide, regional, or even nationwide in extent. Droughts can cause great economic hardship and even loss of life in developing countries, although the loss of life results almost wholly from diminished water supplies and catastrophic crop failures rather than from the direct and obvious peril to human life that is common to floods. The following discussion is an overview of the three parts of this 1988-89 National Water Summary "Hydrologic Conditions and Water-Related Events, Water Years 1988-89," "Hydrologic Perspectives on Water Issues," and "State Summaries of Floods and Droughts." Background information on sources of atmospheric moisture to the States from a study sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey to enable related information to be presented in each of the State summaries also is given.

Looking for trees in the forest: summary tree from posterior samples

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Bayesian phylogenetic analysis generates a set of trees which are often condensed into a single tree representing the whole set. Many methods exist for selecting a representative topology for a set of unrooted trees, few exist for assigning branch lengths to a fixed topology, and even fewer for simultaneously setting the topology and branch lengths. However, there is very little research into locating a good representative for a set of rooted time trees like the ones obtained from a BEAST analysis. Results We empirically compare new and known methods for generating a summary tree. Some new methods are motivated by mathematical constructions such as tree metrics, while the rest employ tree concepts which work well in practice. These use more of the posterior than existing methods, which discard information not directly mapped to the chosen topology. Using results from a large number of simulations we assess the quality of a summary tree, measuring (a) how well it explains the sequence data under the model and (b) how close it is to the “truth”, i.e to the tree used to generate the sequences. Conclusions Our simulations indicate that no single method is “best”. Methods producing good divergence time estimates have poor branch lengths and lower model fit, and vice versa. Using the results presented here, a user can choose the appropriate method based on the purpose of the summary tree. PMID:24093883

Computerized summary scoring: crowdsourcing-based latent semantic analysis.

PubMed

Li, Haiying; Cai, Zhiqiang; Graesser, Arthur C

2017-11-03

In this study we developed and evaluated a crowdsourcing-based latent semantic analysis (LSA) approach to computerized summary scoring (CSS). LSA is a frequently used mathematical component in CSS, where LSA similarity represents the extent to which the to-be-graded target summary is similar to a model summary or a set of exemplar summaries. Researchers have proposed different formulations of the model summary in previous studies, such as pregraded summaries, expert-generated summaries, or source texts. The former two methods, however, require substantial human time, effort, and costs in order to either grade or generate summaries. Using source texts does not require human effort, but it also does not predict human summary scores well. With human summary scores as the gold standard, in this study we evaluated the crowdsourcing LSA method by comparing it with seven other LSA methods that used sets of summaries from different sources (either experts or crowdsourced) of differing quality, along with source texts. Results showed that crowdsourcing LSA predicted human summary scores as well as expert-good and crowdsourcing-good summaries, and better than the other methods. A series of analyses with different numbers of crowdsourcing summaries demonstrated that the number (from 10 to 100) did not significantly affect performance. These findings imply that crowdsourcing LSA is a promising approach to CSS, because it saves human effort in generating the model summary while still yielding comparable performance. This approach to small-scale CSS provides a practical solution for instructors in courses, and also advances research on automated assessments in which student responses are expected to semantically converge on subject matter content.

Reflections on writing hydrologic reports

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olcott, Perry G.

1987-01-01

Reporting of scientific work should be characterized by a logical argument that is developed through presentation of the problem, tabulation and display of data pertinent to the problem , and testing and interpretation of the data to prove hypotheses that address the problem. Organization of the report is vital to developing this logical argument: it provides structure, continuity, logic, and emphasis to the presentation. Each part of the report serves a specific function and each is linked by a connecting logic, the logical argument of the report. Each scientific report normally has a title, table of contents, abstract, introduction, body (of the report), and summary and/or conclusions. Organization of sections within the body of the report is exactly parallel to overall organization; subjects presented in the section title are developed by logical subdivisions and pertinent discussion. The summary and/or conclusions section culminates the logical argument of the report by drawing together and quantitatively reiterating the principal conclusions developed in the discussion. Supplemental information on report content, background of the study, additional data or details on procedures, and other information of interest to the reader is presented in the foreward or preface, list of illustrations or tables, glossaries, and appendixes. (Lantz-PTT)

Morbidity and Mortality Conference in Obstetrics and Gynecology: A Tool for Addressing the 6 Core Competencies

PubMed Central

Bevis, Kerri S; Straughn, J. Michael; Kendrick, James E; Walsh-Covarrubias, Julie; Kilgore, Larry C

2011-01-01

Background Residency program directors are challenged to effectively teach and assess the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education's (ACGME) 6 competencies. The purpose of this study was to characterize the morbidity and mortality (M&M) conference as a cost-effective and efficient approach for addressing the ACGME competencies through evaluation of resident participation and case diversity. Methods In our modified M&M conference, senior residents submit a weekly list of cases to the conference proctors. The resident presents the case, including a critique of management, using the medical literature. The resident submits a case summary evaluating patient care practices, integrating scientific evidence, and evaluating systemic barriers to care. Completed case summaries are distributed and archived for reference. Results During a 3-year period, 30 residents presented 196 cases. Of these, 37 (19%) directly related to systems-based practice, 20 (10%) involved problems with inadequate communication, and 11 (6%) included issues of professionalism or ethics. All cases involved practice-based learning and medical knowledge. Conclusions The M&M conference addresses the core competencies through resident participation as well as directed analysis of diverse cases. PMID:22379530

Lack of replication of thirteen single-nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in Parkinson’s disease: a large-scale international study

PubMed Central

Elbaz, Alexis; Nelson, Lorene M; Payami, Haydeh; Ioannidis, John P A; Fiske, Brian K; Annesi, Grazia; Belin, Andrea Carmine; Factor, Stewart A; Ferrarese, Carlo; Hadjigeorgiou, Georgios M; Higgins, Donald S; Kawakami, Hideshi; Krüger, Rejko; Marder, Karen S; Mayeux, Richard P; Mellick, George D; Nutt, John G; Ritz, Beate; Samii, Ali; Tanner, Caroline M; Van Broeckhoven, Christine; Van Den Eeden, Stephen K; Wirdefeldt, Karin; Zabetian, Cyrus P; Dehem, Marie; Montimurro, Jennifer S; Southwick, Audrey; Myers, Richard M; Trikalinos, Thomas A

2013-01-01

Summary Background A genome-wide association study identified 13 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) significantly associated with Parkinson’s disease. Small-scale replication studies were largely non-confirmatory, but a meta-analysis that included data from the original study could not exclude all SNP associations, leaving relevance of several markers uncertain. Methods Investigators from three Michael J Fox Foundation for Parkinson’s Research-funded genetics consortia—comprising 14 teams—contributed DNA samples from 5526 patients with Parkinson’s disease and 6682 controls, which were genotyped for the 13 SNPs. Most (88%) participants were of white, non-Hispanic descent. We assessed log-additive genetic effects using fixed and random effects models stratified by team and ethnic origin, and tested for heterogeneity across strata. A meta-analysis was undertaken that incorporated data from the original genome-wide study as well as subsequent replication studies. Findings In fixed and random-effects models no associations with any of the 13 SNPs were identified (odds ratios 0·89 to 1·09). Heterogeneity between studies and between ethnic groups was low for all SNPs. Subgroup analyses by age at study entry, ethnic origin, sex, and family history did not show any consistent associations. In our meta-analysis, no SNP showed significant association (summary odds ratios 0·95 to 1.08); there was little heterogeneity except for SNP rs7520966. Interpretation Our results do not lend support to the finding that the 13 SNPs reported in the original genome-wide association study are genetic susceptibility factors for Parkinson’s disease. PMID:17052658

Stroke Knowledge in Spanish-speaking populations

PubMed Central

Hawkes, Maximiliano A; Ameriso, Sebastián F; Willey, Joshua Z

2015-01-01

Background Spanish is the second most spoken language in the world. Spanish-speaking populations (SSP) have heterogeneous cultural backgrounds, racial and ethnical origins, economic status, and access to health care systems. There are no published reviews about stroke knowledge in SSP. We reviewed the existing literature addressing stroke knowledge among SSP and propose future directions for research. Summary We identified 18 suitable studies by searching PubMed, Lilacs, Scopus, Embase, Cochrane and Scielo databases, and looking at reference lists of eligible articles. We also included 2 conference abstracts. Data related to stroke knowledge from studies of Spanish-speakers was analyzed. Key messages Little is known about stroke knowledge in SSP, especially in Latin America. Information is poor even among subjects at risk, stroke patients, stroke survivors, and health care providers. “Ictus”, the word used for stroke in Spanish, is largely unrecognized among subjects at risk. Furthermore, access to medical care and presence of neurologists are suboptimal in many regions. There are several potential issues to solve regarding stroke knowledge and stroke care in SSP. Programs to educate the general population and non-neurologists medical providers in stroke and telemedicine may be suitable options to improve the present situation. PMID:25871697

Analysis of space systems for the space disposal of nuclear waste follow-on study. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

The impact on space systems of three alternative waste mixes was evaluated as part of an effort to investigate the disposal of certain high-level nuclear wastes in space as a complement to mined geologic repositories. A brief overview of the study background, objectives, scope, approach and guidelines, and limitations is presented. The effects of variations in waste mixes on space system concepts were studied in order to provide data for determining relative total system risk benefits resulting from space disposal of the alternative waste mixes. Overall objectives of the NASA-DOE sustaining-level study program are to investigate space disposal concepts which can provide information to support future nuclear waste terminal storage programmatic decisions and to maintain a low level of research activity in this area to provide a baseline for future development should a decision be made to increase the emphasis on this option.

Technical, economic, and environmental impact study of converting Uzbekistan transportation fleets to natural gas operation. Export trade information

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-04-30

This study, conducted by Radian International, was funded by the U.S. Trade and Development Agency. The report assesses the feasibility (technical, economic and environmental) of converting the Uzbek transportation fleets to natural gas operation. The study focuses on the conversion of high fuel use vehicles and locomotives to liquefied natural gas (LNG) and the conversion of moderate fuel use veicles to compressed natural gas (CNG). The report is divided into the following sections: Executive Summary; (1.0) Introduction; (2.0) Country Background; (3.0) Characterization of Uzbek Transportation Fuels; (4.0) Uzbek Vehicle and Locomotive Fleet Characterization; (5.0) Uzbek Natural Gas Vehicle Conversion Shops;more » (6.0) Uzbek Natural Gas Infrastructure; (7.0) Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG) for Vehicular Fuel in Uzbekistan; (8.0) Economic Feasibility Study; (9.0) Environmental Impact Analysis; References; Appendices A - S.« less

Health related quality of life among Iraqi immigrants settled in Malaysia

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Migrants everywhere face several demands for health and maintaining good health and quality of life could be challenging. Iraqis are the second largest refugee group that has sought refuge in the recent years, yet little is known about their health related quality of life (HRQOL). The study aims at assessing the HRQOL among Iraqis living in Malaysia. Methods A self-administered Arabic version of Sf-36 questionnaire was distributed among 300 Iraqi migrants in Malaysia. The questionnaire taps eight concepts of physical and mental health to assess the HRQOL. Univariate analysis was performed for group analysis (t test, ANOVA) and Multiple Linear Regression was used to control for confounding effects. Results Two hundred and fifty three participants ranging in age from 18 to 67 years (Mean = 33.6) returned the completed questionnaire. The majority was males (60.1%) and more than half of the respondents (59.5%) were married. Less than half (45.4%) and about a quarter (25.9%) reported bachelor degree and secondary school education respectively and the remaining 28.7% had either a master or a PhD degree. Univariate analysis showed that the HRQOL scores among male immigrants were found to be higher than those of females in physical function (80.0 vs. 73.5), general health (72.5 vs. 60.7) and bodily pain (87.9 vs. 72.5) subscales. The youngest age group had significantly higher physical function (79.32) and lower mental health scores (57.62). The mean score of physical component summary was higher than the mental component summary mean score (70.22 vs. 63.34). Stepwise multiple linear regression, revealed that gender was significantly associated with physical component summary (β = - 6.06, p = 0.007) and marital status was associated with mental component summary (β = 7.08, p = 0.003). Conclusions From the data it appears that Iraqi immigrants living in Malaysia have HRQOL scores that might be considered to indicate a relatively moderate HRQOL. The HRQOL is significantly affected by gender and marital status. Further studies are needed to explore determinants of HRQOL consequent to immigration. The findings could be worthy of further exploration. PMID:21624118

Computer-assisted instruction in programming: AID

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Friend, J.; Atkinson, R. C.

1971-01-01

Lessons for training students on how to program and operate computers to and AID language are given. The course consists of a set of 50 lessons, plus summaries, reviews, tests, and extra credit problems. No prior knowledge is needed for the course, the only requirement being a strong background in algebra. A student manual, which includes instruction for operating the instructional program and a glossary of terms used in the course, is included in the appendices.

Impact of the Internet on Customer Service and Product Development Among the CENDI Agencies

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-08-01

CENDI / 97-2 IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON CUSTOMER SERVICE AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT AMONG THE CENDI AGENCIES Workshops Held February 4, 1997 and...Public Release Distribution Unlimited 20000411 146 CENDI / 97-2 CENDI WORKSHOP ~ FEBRUARY 4,1997 AT DOE THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON CUSTOMER ...priorities. TABLE OF CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1 Introduction 1 CENDI / 97-2 Background 2 1.0 THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET ON CUSTOMER

Effect of Zinc Supplements on Preventing Upper Respiratory Infections in Air Force Academy Cadets in Basic Training

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

and Nutrition Board (2001). Dietary Reference Intakes: A Report of the Panel on Micronutrients , Subcommittees on Upper Reference Levels of Nutrients...Respiratory Infections in Air Force Academy Cadets in Basic Training Summary Background: As a dietary essential, zinc plays a number of important roles...Introduction Zinc is considered one of the essential micronutrients used by the human body. Although zinc fulfills a number of metabolic and

Survey and bibliography on attainment of laminar flow control in air using pressure gradient and suction, volume 1

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bushnell, D. M.; Tuttle, M. H.

1979-01-01

A survey was conducted and a bibliography compiled on attainment of laminar flow in air through the use of favorable pressure gradient and suction. This report contains the survey, summaries of data for both ground and flight experiments, and abstracts of referenced reports. Much early information is also included which may be of some immediate use as background material for LFC applications.

Federal COBOL Compiler Testing Service Compiler Validation Request Information.

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-05-09

background of the Federal COBOL Compiler Testing Service which was set up by a memorandum of agreement between the National Bureau of Standards and the...Federal Standard, and the requirement of COBOL compiler validation in the procurement process. It also contains a list of all software products...produced by the software Development Division in support of the FCCTS as well as the Validation Summary Reports produced as a result of discharging the

Improving access to clinical practice guidelines with an interactive graphical interface using an iconic language

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Clinical practice guidelines are useful for physicians, and guidelines are available on the Internet from various websites such as Vidal Recos. However, these guidelines are long and difficult to read, especially during consultation. Similar difficulties have been encountered with drug summaries of product characteristics. In a previous work, we have proposed an iconic language (called VCM, for Visualization of Concepts in Medicine) for representing patient conditions, treatments and laboratory tests, and we have used these icons to design a user interface that graphically indexes summaries of product characteristics. In the current study, our objective was to design and evaluate an iconic user interface for the consultation of clinical practice guidelines by physicians. Methods Focus groups of physicians were set up to identify the difficulties encountered when reading guidelines. Icons were integrated into Vidal Recos, taking human factors into account. The resulting interface includes a graphical summary and an iconic indexation of the guideline. The new interface was evaluated. We compared the response times and the number of errors recorded when physicians answered questions about two clinical scenarios using the interactive iconic interface or a textual interface. Users’ perceived usability was evaluated with the System Usability Scale. Results The main difficulties encountered by physicians when reading guidelines were obtaining an overview and finding recommendations for patients corresponding to “particular cases”. We designed a graphical interface for guideline consultation, using icons to identify particular cases and providing a graphical summary of the icons organized by anatomy and etiology. The evaluation showed that physicians gave clinical responses more rapidly with the iconic interface than the textual interface (25.2 seconds versus 45.6, p < 0.05). The physicians appreciated the new interface, and the System Usability Scale score value was 75 (between good and excellent). Conclusion An interactive iconic interface can provide physicians with an overview of clinical practice guidelines, and can decrease the time required to access the content of such guidelines. PMID:25158762

Evidence and Clinical Trials.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodman, Steven N.

1989-11-01

This dissertation explores the use of a mathematical measure of statistical evidence, the log likelihood ratio, in clinical trials. The methods and thinking behind the use of an evidential measure are contrasted with traditional methods of analyzing data, which depend primarily on a p-value as an estimate of the statistical strength of an observed data pattern. It is contended that neither the behavioral dictates of Neyman-Pearson hypothesis testing methods, nor the coherency dictates of Bayesian methods are realistic models on which to base inference. The use of the likelihood alone is applied to four aspects of trial design or conduct: the calculation of sample size, the monitoring of data, testing for the equivalence of two treatments, and meta-analysis--the combining of results from different trials. Finally, a more general model of statistical inference, using belief functions, is used to see if it is possible to separate the assessment of evidence from our background knowledge. It is shown that traditional and Bayesian methods can be modeled as two ends of a continuum of structured background knowledge, methods which summarize evidence at the point of maximum likelihood assuming no structure, and Bayesian methods assuming complete knowledge. Both schools are seen to be missing a concept of ignorance- -uncommitted belief. This concept provides the key to understanding the problem of sampling to a foregone conclusion and the role of frequency properties in statistical inference. The conclusion is that statistical evidence cannot be defined independently of background knowledge, and that frequency properties of an estimator are an indirect measure of uncommitted belief. Several likelihood summaries need to be used in clinical trials, with the quantitative disparity between summaries being an indirect measure of our ignorance. This conclusion is linked with parallel ideas in the philosophy of science and cognitive psychology.

A hospital discharge summary quality improvement program featuring individual and team-based feedback and academic detailing.

PubMed

Axon, Robert N; Penney, Fletcher T; Kyle, Thomas R; Zapka, Jane; Marsden, Justin; Zhao, Yumin; Mauldin, Patrick D; Moran, William P

2014-06-01

Discharge summaries are an important component of hospital care transitions typically completed by interns in teaching hospitals. However, these documents are often not completed in a timely fashion or do not include pertinent details of hospitalization. This report outlines the development and impact of a curriculum intervention to improve the quality of discharge summaries by interns and residents in Internal Medicine. A previous study demonstrated that a discharge summary curriculum featuring individualized feedback was associated with improved summary quality, but few subsequent studies have described implementation of similar curricula. No information exists on the utility of other strategies such as team-based feedback or academic detailing. Study participants were 96 Internal Medicine intern and resident physicians at an academic medical center-based training program. A comprehensive evidence-based discharge summary quality improvement program was developed and implemented that featured a discharge summary template to facilitate summary preparation, individual feedback, team-based feedback, academic detailing and an objective discharge summary evaluation instrument. The discharge summary evaluation instrument had moderate interrater reliability (κ = 0.72). Discharge summary scores improved from mean score of 70% to 82% (P = 0.05). Interns and residents participating in this program also reported increased confidence in producing and critiquing summaries. A comprehensive discharge summary curriculum can be feasibly implemented within the context of a residency program. Team-based feedback and academic detailing may serve to reinforce individual feedback and extend program reach.

Lifestyle modifies the relationship between body composition and adrenergic receptor genetic polymorphisms, ADRB2, ADRB3 and ADRA2B: A secondary analysis of a randomized controlled trial of physical activity among postmenopausal women

PubMed Central

Bea, Jennifer W.; Lohman, Timothy G.; Cussler, Ellen C.; Going, Scott B.; Thompson, Patricia A.

2013-01-01

Genetic variations in the adrenergic receptor (ADR) have been associated with body composition in cross-sectional studies. Recent findings suggest that ADR variants may also modify body composition response to lifestyle. We assessed the role of ADR variants in body composition response to 12 months of resistance training versus control in previously sedentary postmenopausal women. Randomized trial completers were genotyped for A2BGlu9/12 by fragment length analysis, and B2Gln27Glu and B3Trp64Arg by TaqMan (n=148, 54% hormone therapy users). Associations between genotypes and body composition, by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry, were analyzed using univariate models. There was no main effect of individual genes on change in body composition, however, gene × exercise interactions were observed for A2BGlu9/12 and B2Gln27Glu on change in lean soft tissue (LST, p=0.02); exercisers on the A2BGlu9- background gained LST compared to a loss among controls over 12 months (p<0.05), with no significant intervention effect on the A2B Glu9+ background. Similarly, there was a significant LST gain with exercise on the B2Glu27+ background compared to loss among controls and no intervention effect on the B2Glu27- background. A non-significant association between total body fat (TBF) and B3Trp64Arg persisted among sedentary controls only when intervention groups were separated (%TBF gain with B3Arg 64+ carriage, p=0.03); exercisers lost TBF regardless of genotype. In summary, effect modification by lifestyle was demonstrated on ADR A2B, B2, and B3 genetic backgrounds. Individuals with certain ADR genotypes may be more vulnerable to adverse changes in body composition with sedentary behavior, thus these candidate genes warrant further study. PMID:20401689

The genetic architecture of maize (Zea mays L.) kernel weight determination.

PubMed

Alvarez Prado, Santiago; López, César G; Senior, M Lynn; Borrás, Lucas

2014-09-18

Individual kernel weight is an important trait for maize yield determination. We have identified genomic regions controlling this trait by using the B73xMo17 population; however, the effect of genetic background on control of this complex trait and its physiological components is not yet known. The objective of this study was to understand how genetic background affected our previous results. Two nested stable recombinant inbred line populations (N209xMo17 and R18xMo17) were designed for this purpose. A total of 408 recombinant inbred lines were genotyped and phenotyped at two environments for kernel weight and five other traits related to kernel growth and development. All traits showed very high and significant (P < 0.001) phenotypic variability and medium-to-high heritability (0.60-0.90). When N209xMo17 and R18xMo17 were analyzed separately, a total of 23 environmentally stable quantitative trait loci (QTL) and five epistatic interactions were detected for N209xMo17. For R18xMo17, 59 environmentally stable QTL and 17 epistatic interactions were detected. A joint analysis detected 14 stable QTL regardless of the genetic background. Between 57 and 83% of detected QTL were population specific, denoting medium-to-high genetic background effects. This percentage was dependent on the trait. A meta-analysis including our previous B73xMo17 results identified five relevant genomic regions deserving further characterization. In summary, our grain filling traits were dominated by small additive QTL with several epistatic and few environmental interactions and medium-to-high genetic background effects. This study demonstrates that the number of detected QTL and additive effects for different physiologically related grain filling traits need to be understood relative to the specific germplasm. Copyright © 2014 Alvarez Prado et al.

Characterizing Health Information for Different Target Audiences.

PubMed

Sun, Yueping; Hou, Zhen; Hou, Li; Li, Jiao

2015-01-01

Different groups of audiences in health care: health professionals and health consumers, each have different information needs. Health monographs targeting different audiences are created by leveraging readers' background knowledge. The NCI's Physician Data Query (PDQ®) Cancer Information Summaries provide parallel cancer information and education resources with different target audiences. In this paper, we used targeted audience-specific cancer information PDQs to measure characteristic differences on the element level between audiences. In addition, we compared vocabulary coverage. Results show a significant difference between the professional and patient version of cancer monographs in both content organization and vocabulary. This study provides a new view to assess targeted audience-specific health information, and helps editors to improve the quality and readability of health information.

Groin pain syndrome: an association of different pathologies and a case presentation

PubMed Central

Bisciotti, Gian Nicola; Auci, Alessio; Di Marzo, Francesco; Galli, Roberto; Pulici, Luca; Carimati, Giulia; Quaglia, Alessandro; Volpi, Piero

2015-01-01

Summary Background groin pain affects all types of athletes, especially soccer players. Many diseases with different etiologies may cause groin pain. Purpose offer a mini review of groin pain in soccer accompanied by the presentation of a case report highlighting the possible association of more clinical frameworks into the onset of groin pain syndrome, in order to recommend that clinical evaluations take into account possible associations between bone, muscle and tendon such as inguinal canal disease. Conclusion the multifactorial etiology of groin pain syndrome needs to be examined with a comprehensive approach, with standardized clinical evaluation based on an imaging protocol in order to evaluate all possible diseases. Study design Mini review- Case report (Level V). PMID:26605198

Fundamentals of Geophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lowrie, William

1997-10-01

This unique textbook presents a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles of geophysics. Unlike most geophysics textbooks, it combines both the applied and theoretical aspects to the subject. The author explains complex geophysical concepts using abundant diagrams, a simplified mathematical treatment, and easy-to-follow equations. After placing the Earth in the context of the solar system, he describes each major branch of geophysics: gravitation, seismology, dating, thermal and electrical properties, geomagnetism, paleomagnetism and geodynamics. Each chapter begins with a summary of the basic physical principles, and a brief account of each topic's historical evolution. The book will satisfy the needs of intermediate-level earth science students from a variety of backgrounds, while at the same time preparing geophysics majors for continued study at a higher level.

PubMed Central

BAHRAINIAN, SA.; RAEISOON, MR.; HASHEMI GORJI, O.; KHAZAEE, A.

2014-01-01

Summary Background. The aim of the study was to investigate the relationship of self-esteem and depression with Internet addiction in university students. Methods. The present descriptive-analytic correlation study involved 408 students (150 female and 258 male) who had been selected by means of a cluster sampling method from among all the students studying in Birjand Islamic Azad University. Students were evaluated through the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Cooper Smith Self-Esteem Inventory (CSEI) and Internet Addiction Test (IAT). Results. The results indicated that 40.7% of the students had Internet addiction. A significant correlation emerged between depression, self-esteem and internet addiction. Regression analysis indicated that depression and self-esteem were able to predict the variance of Internet addiction to some extent. Conclusions. It may be important to evaluate self-esteem and depression in people with Internet addiction. These variables should be targeted for effective cognitive behavioral therapy in people with Internet addiction. PMID:25902574

Hyperspectral Technology Transfer to the US Department of Interior: Summary of Results of the NASA/DOI Hyperspectral Technology Transfer Project

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Root, Ralph; Wickland, Diane

2001-01-01

In 1997 the Office of Biological Informatics and Outreach (OBIO), Biological Resources Division, US Geological Survey and NASA, Office of Earth Science (OES), initiated a coordinated effort for applying Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and analysis, as a technology transfer project, to critical DOI environmental issues in four study sites throughout the United States. This work was accomplished by four US Department of the Interior (DOI) study teams with support from NASA/OES principal investigators and the Office of Earth Science programs. The studies, including personnel, objectives, background, project plans, and milestones were documented in a project website at . This report summarizes the final outcomes of the project, detailing accomplishments, lessons learned, and benefits realized to NASA, the US Geological Survey, and the participating DOI bureaus.

Pigment identification on medieval manuscripts, paintings and other artefacts by Raman microscopy: applications to the study of three German manuscripts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burgio, Lucia; Ciomartan, Dan A.; Clark, Robin J. H.

1997-03-01

The identification of the pigments used to illuminate medieval manuscripts, paintings and other artefacts has received a major boost recently through perceptive studies carried out by Raman microscopy. A brief summary of the background of the technique is given. The results of studies on three illuminated German manuscripts are presented. The pigments vermilion HgS, iron oxide Fe 2O 3, azurite 2CuCO 3.Cu(OH) 2, malachite CuCo 3.Cu(OH) 2, lampblack (essentially carbon), white lead 2PbCO 3.Pb(OH) 2, lead tin yellow type I Pb 2SnO 4, and lazurite Na 8[Al 6Si 6O 24]S n (but only in admixture with Pb 2SnO 4, whereby it forms a green pigment), have been identified on these manuscripts on the basis of Raman microscopy and the results discussed.

Practical considerations for estimating clinical trial accrual periods: application to a multi-center effectiveness study

PubMed Central

Carter, Rickey E; Sonne, Susan C; Brady, Kathleen T

2005-01-01

Background Adequate participant recruitment is vital to the conduct of a clinical trial. Projected recruitment rates are often over-estimated, and the time to recruit the target population (accrual period) is often under-estimated. Methods This report illustrates three approaches to estimating the accrual period and applies the methods to a multi-center, randomized, placebo controlled trial undergoing development. Results Incorporating known sources of accrual variation can yield a more justified estimate of the accrual period. Simulation studies can be incorporated into a clinical trial's planning phase to provide estimates for key accrual summaries including the mean and standard deviation of the accrual period. Conclusion The accrual period of a clinical trial should be carefully considered, and the allocation of sufficient time for participant recruitment is a fundamental aspect of planning a clinical trial. PMID:15796782

Space Shuttle mission: STS-67

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1995-01-01

The Space Shuttle Endeavor, scheduled to launch March 2, 1995 from NASA's Kennedy Space Center, will conduct NASA's longest Shuttle flight prior to date. The mission, designated STS-67, has a number of experiments and payloads, which the crew, commanded by Stephen S. Oswald, will have to oversee. This NASA press kit for the mission contains a general background (general press release, media services information, quick-look facts page, shuttle abort modes, summary timeline, payload and vehicle weights, orbital summary, and crew responsibilities); cargo bay payloads and activities (Astro 2, Get Away Special Experiments); in-cabin payloads (Commercial Minimum Descent Altitude Instrumentation Technology Associates Experiments, protein crystal growth experiments, Middeck Active Control Experiment, and Shuttle Amateur Radio Experiment); and the STS-67 crew biographies. The payloads and experiments are described and summarized to give an overview of the goals, objectives, apparatuses, procedures, sponsoring parties, and the assigned crew members to carry out the tasks.

A coherent graph-based semantic clustering and summarization approach for biomedical literature and a new summarization evaluation method

PubMed Central

Yoo, Illhoi; Hu, Xiaohua; Song, Il-Yeol

2007-01-01

Background A huge amount of biomedical textual information has been produced and collected in MEDLINE for decades. In order to easily utilize biomedical information in the free text, document clustering and text summarization together are used as a solution for text information overload problem. In this paper, we introduce a coherent graph-based semantic clustering and summarization approach for biomedical literature. Results Our extensive experimental results show the approach shows 45% cluster quality improvement and 72% clustering reliability improvement, in terms of misclassification index, over Bisecting K-means as a leading document clustering approach. In addition, our approach provides concise but rich text summary in key concepts and sentences. Conclusion Our coherent biomedical literature clustering and summarization approach that takes advantage of ontology-enriched graphical representations significantly improves the quality of document clusters and understandability of documents through summaries. PMID:18047705

Joint Peru/United States report on Peru/United States cooperative energy assessment. Volume 1. Executive summary, main report and appendices

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-08-01

In 1978, the US and Peru conducted a comprehensive assessment of Peru's energy resources, needs, and uses and developed several alternative energy strategies that utilize the available resources to meet their energy requirements. This Volume I reports the findings of the assessment and contains the executive summary, the main report, and five appendices of information that support the integrated energy supply and demand analysis. The following chapters are included: The Energy Situation in Peru (economic context and background, energy resources and production, energy consumption patterns); Reference Supply and Demand Projection (approach, procedures, and assumptions; economic projections; energy demand and supplymore » projections; supply/demand integration; uncertainties); and The Development of Strategies and Options (the analysis of options; strategies; increased use of renewables, hydropower, coal; increased energy efficiency; and financial analysis of strategies).« less

ARL: Setting the Agenda for the 1990s. Minutes of the [Membership] Meeting (112th, Oakland, California, May 5-6, 1988).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daval, Nicola, Ed.

The first of two program sessions at this semiannual meeting addressed the agenda of the Association of Research Libraries (ARL) for the 1990s, and the report provides summaries of remarks by Elaine Sloan on the background; D. Kaye Gapen on a report from the Task Force on Review of the ARL Five-Year Plan; and Duane E. Webster on the ARL framework…

Minimum Requirements for the CUS (Common User Subsystem) Workstation

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-04-20

PAGE -2- / ’ " I& REPORT SECURITY CLASSIFICATION lb RESTRICTIVE MARKINGS Unclassified 2a SECURITY CLASSIFICATION AUTHORITY 3 DISTRMBUTION...CLASSIFICATION UNCLASSIID/UNLIMITED r" SAME AS RPT. [ 3 DTIC USERS Unclassified tNM F RESPONSIBLE INDIVIDUAL 22b TELEPHONE (Include area codi) 22c OFFICE...Summary 1 1. Introduction 3 1.1 Purpose 3 1.2 Scope 3 1.3 Reference 4 2. Background 5 3 . Minimal WIS Workstation Requirements 8 3.1 Overview 8 4. Overview

Behavioral and biological interactions with confined microsocieties in a programmed environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Emurian, H. H.; Brady, J. V.; Meyerhoff, J. L.; Mougey, E. H.

1981-01-01

This paper presents a summary of the background, objectives, and methodological approach of an ongoing research project devoted to the analysis of individual and small group performance effectiveness under conditions of isolation and confinement during extended residences in a continuously programmed environment. A more detailed description is provided of the results of a recent series of experiments designed and conducted to assess hormonal and behavioral effects of a change in group membership and size.

Visible Laser Research One Meter Device

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-01-01

OF THIS PAGE (" ol ~n Date Entered) ~z, TABLE OF CONTENTS Section Page List of Illustrations 3 I. INTRODUCTION 5 II. BACKGROUND 15 III. RESULTS 17 A...proven lasers are the excip!ex lasers which include the rare gas halides, halogens and mercury halides (see Table I). Of these exciplex systems, there...Stokes line routinpiy e- ported. (1) 5 Z::I~AVCO EVERETT TABLE I A SUMMARY OF EXCIPLEX LASERS AND THEIR LASING WAVELENGTHS EXCIPLEX , (B -+ X) nm ArF

Advanced software techniques for data management systems. Volume 3: Programming language characteristics and comparison reference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

James, T. A.; Hall, B. C.; Newbold, P. M.

1972-01-01

A comparative evaluation was made of eight higher order languages of general interest in the aerospace field: PL/1; HAL; JOVIAL/J3; SPL/J6; CLASP; ALGOL 60; FORTRAN 4; and MAC360. A summary of the functional requirements for a language for general use in manned aerodynamic applications is presented. The evaluation supplies background material to be used in assessing the worth of each language for some particular application.

The Army’s Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV): Background and Issues for Congress

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-09-14

for Congress Congressional Research Service Summary The Armored Multi-Purpose Vehicle (AMPV) is the Army’s proposed replacement for the Vietnam ...for armor and mechanized infantry units. 1 Known as the M-113, it entered production in 1960 and saw extensive wartime service in Vietnam . Considered...needed to operate as part of combined arms teams within complex operational environments . For example, “commanders will not allow them to leave Forward

Reliability of the Wii Balance Board in kayak

PubMed Central

Vando, Stefano; Laffaye, Guillaume; Masala, Daniele; Falese, Lavinia; Padulo, Johnny

2015-01-01

Summary Background: the seat of the kayaker represent the principal contact point to express mechanical Energy. Methods: therefore we investigated the reliability of the Wii Balance Board measures in the kayak vs. on the ground. Results: Bland-Altman test showed a low systematic bias on the ground (2.85%) and in kayak (−2.13%) respectively; while 0.996 for Intra-class correlation coefficient. Conclusion: the Wii Balance Board is useful to assess postural sway in kayak. PMID:25878987

Geothermal energy systems plan for Boise City

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1979-01-01

This is a plan for development of a downtown Boise geothermal district space heating system incorporating legal, engineering, organizational, geological, and economic requirements. Topics covered include: resource characteristics, system design and feasibility, economic feasibility, legal overview, organizational alternatives, and conservation. Included in appendices are: property ownership patterns on the Boise Front, existing hot well data, legal briefs, environmental data, decision point communications, typical building heating system retrofit schematics, and background assumptions and data for cost summary. (MHR)

State of the Nation in Gifted Education: How States Regulate and Support Programs and Services for Gifted and Talented Students. An Executive Summary of the "State of the States" Report, 2008-2009

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association for Gifted Children (NJ1), 2009

2009-01-01

The U.S. is largely neglecting the estimated 3 million academically gifted and talented students who represent diverse experiences, skills, ethnicity, and cultural and economic backgrounds. All of them require a responsive and challenging educational system if they are to achieve to their highest potential. According to the "State of the States"…

Recommendations for Making Decisions about the Participation of Students with Disabilities in Statewide Assessment Programs: A Report on a Working Conference To Develop Guidelines for Statewide Assessments and Students with Disabilities. Synthesis Report 15.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ysseldyke, James E.; And Others

This report is a summary of a May 1994 meeting on the participation of students with disabilities in statewide assessment programs. The report reviews the background of the meeting, states the issues addressed, and summarizes the major points of agreement reached. A set of recommendations is offered for making participation and accommodation…

Corrosion and Coatings Review of Specifications and Drawings of Facilities for the Oman Military Construction Program at Masirah Island, Oman.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-12-01

5 Background Objective Approach Scope of Work Organization 2 SUMMARY OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS AT MASIRAH ISLAND ................. 7 Soil ...CONDITIONS AT MASIRAH ISLAND Soil Resistivity Values for the soil resistivity at this location are not readily avail- able. It is, however, considered...to be a very aggressive soil with high amounts of chlorides and sulfates, which can be converted to corrosive sul- -. fides. Soil samples will be

Admission Policies and Attrition Rates in California Community College Nursing Programs. Background and Summary of Findings and Recommendations of the California Postsecondary Education Commission. Commission Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seago, Jean Ann; Spetz, Joanne

Most analyses of California's nursing shortage find that too few nurses are being educated to meet future demand. Coffman and Spetz (1999) estimate that state nursing programs need to educate an additional 3,600 students per year between 2000 and 2010, and 5,000 more per year between 2010 and 2020 to maintain an adequate nursing force. Unless the…

The International Classification of Functioning as an explanatory model of health after distal radius fracture: A cohort study

PubMed Central

Harris, Jocelyn E; MacDermid, Joy C; Roth, James

2005-01-01

Background Distal radius fractures are common injuries that have an increasing impact on health across the lifespan. The purpose of this study was to identify health impacts in body structure/function, activity, and participation at baseline and follow-up, to determine whether they support the ICF model of health. Methods This is a prospective cohort study of 790 individuals who were assessed at 1 week, 3 months, and 1 year post injury. The Patient Rated Wrist Evaluation (PRWE), The Wrist Outcome Measure (WOM), and the Medical Outcome Survey Short-Form (SF-36) were used to measure impairment, activity, participation, and health. Multiple regression was used to develop explanatory models of health outcome. Results Regression analysis showed that the PRWE explained between 13% (one week) and 33% (three months) of the SF-36 Physical Component Summary Scores with pain, activities and participation subscales showing dominant effects at different stages of recovery. PRWE scores were less related to Mental Component Summary Scores, 10% (three months) and 8% (one year). Wrist impairment scores were less powerful predictors of health status than the PRWE. Conclusion The ICF is an informative model for examining distal radius fracture. Difficulty in the domains of activity and participation were able to explain a significant portion of physical health. Post-fracture rehabilitation and outcome assessments should extend beyond physical impairment to insure comprehensive treatment to individuals with distal radius fracture. PMID:16288664

How powerful are summary-based methods for identifying expression-trait associations under different genetic architectures?

PubMed

Veturi, Yogasudha; Ritchie, Marylyn D

2018-01-01

Transcriptome-wide association studies (TWAS) have recently been employed as an approach that can draw upon the advantages of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) and gene expression studies to identify genes associated with complex traits. Unlike standard GWAS, summary level data suffices for TWAS and offers improved statistical power. Two popular TWAS methods include either (a) imputing the cis genetic component of gene expression from smaller sized studies (using multi-SNP prediction or MP) into much larger effective sample sizes afforded by GWAS - TWAS-MP or (b) using summary-based Mendelian randomization - TWAS-SMR. Although these methods have been effective at detecting functional variants, it remains unclear how extensive variability in the genetic architecture of complex traits and diseases impacts TWAS results. Our goal was to investigate the different scenarios under which these methods yielded enough power to detect significant expression-trait associations. In this study, we conducted extensive simulations based on 6000 randomly chosen, unrelated Caucasian males from Geisinger's MyCode population to compare the power to detect cis expression-trait associations (within 500 kb of a gene) using the above-described approaches. To test TWAS across varying genetic backgrounds we simulated gene expression and phenotype using different quantitative trait loci per gene and cis-expression /trait heritability under genetic models that differentiate the effect of causality from that of pleiotropy. For each gene, on a training set ranging from 100 to 1000 individuals, we either (a) estimated regression coefficients with gene expression as the response using five different methods: LASSO, elastic net, Bayesian LASSO, Bayesian spike-slab, and Bayesian ridge regression or (b) performed eQTL analysis. We then sampled with replacement 50,000, 150,000, and 300,000 individuals respectively from the testing set of the remaining 5000 individuals and conducted GWAS on each set. Subsequently, we integrated the GWAS summary statistics derived from the testing set with the weights (or eQTLs) derived from the training set to identify expression-trait associations using (a) TWAS-MP (b) TWAS-SMR (c) eQTL-based GWAS, or (d) standalone GWAS. Finally, we examined the power to detect functionally relevant genes using the different approaches under the considered simulation scenarios. In general, we observed great similarities among TWAS-MP methods although the Bayesian methods resulted in improved power in comparison to LASSO and elastic net as the trait architecture grew more complex while training sample sizes and expression heritability remained small. Finally, we observed high power under causality but very low to moderate power under pleiotropy.

Summary of Epidemiology Studies or Activities Involving Workers at the Savannah River Site or the Surrounding Public: An Update

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Brown, K.T.

2002-10-18

There have been numerous health studies or related activities over time that have involved workers at the Savannah River Site (SRS) or the surrounding public. While most of these epidemiology studies or activities have been performed by external agencies, it has proved useful to provide interested parties an overall summary of such activities. The first such summary was provided in an October 1998 report. The 1998 summary was updated in a February 2000 report. This report provides an update on the status or findings of epidemiology studies or activities involving SRS workers or the surrounding public, as an update tomore » the previous summaries.« less

Space Shuttle Main Propulsion System Gaseous Hydrogen Flow Control Valve Poppet Failure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zeitler, Rick

2010-01-01

The presentation provides background information pertinent to the MPS GH2 Flow Control Valve Poppet failure which occurred on the Space Shuttle Endeavour during STS-126 flight. The presentation provides general MPS system operating information which is pertinent to understanding the failure causes and affects. The presentation provides additional background information on the operating environment in which the FCV functions and basic design history of the flow control valve. The presentation provides an overview of the possible flight failure modes and a brief summary of the flight rationale which was developed for this failure event. This presentation is an introductory presentation to 3 other speakers at the conference who will be speaking on M&P aspects of the investigation, non destructive inspection techniques development, and particle impact testing.

A minority perspective in the diagnosis of child language disorders.

PubMed

Seymour, H N; Bland, L

1991-01-01

The effective diagnosis and treatment of persons from diverse minority language backgrounds has become an important issue in the field of speech and language pathology. Yet, many SLPs have had little or no formal training in minority language, there is a paucity of normative data on language acquisition in minority groups, and there are few standardized speech and language tests appropriate for these groups. We described a diagnostic process that addresses these problems. The diagnostic protocol we have proposed for a child from a Black English-speaking background characterizes many of the major issues in treating minority children. In summary, we proposed four assessment strategies: gathering referral source data; making direct observations; using standardized tests of non-speech and language behavior (cognition, perception, motor, etc.); and eliciting language samples and probes.

Summary Writing: A Topographical Study.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherrard, Carol

1986-01-01

Examines summaries of expository text written by undergraduate students to discover the nature of text-to-summary mapping. Finds that simple omission and one-to-one mapping of text sentences into summary sentences were the most favored strategies. (FL)

Correlation of the summary method with learning styles.

PubMed

Sarikcioglu, Levent; Senol, Yesim; Yildirim, Fatos B; Hizay, Arzu

2011-09-01

The summary is the last part of the lesson but one of the most important. We aimed to study the relationship between the preference of the summary method (video demonstration, question-answer, or brief review of slides) and learning styles. A total of 131 students were included in the present study. An inventory was prepared to understand the students' learning styles, and a satisfaction questionnaire was provided to determine the summary method selection. The questionnaire and inventory were collected and analyzed. A comparison of the data revealed that the summary method with video demonstration received the highest score among all the methods tested. Additionally, there were no significant differences between learning styles and summary method with video demonstration. We suggest that such a summary method should be incorporated into neuroanatomy lessons. Since anatomy has a large amount of visual material, we think that it is ideally suited for this summary method.

The effectiveness of evidence summaries on health policymakers and health system managers use of evidence from systematic reviews: a systematic review.

PubMed

Petkovic, Jennifer; Welch, Vivian; Jacob, Maria Helena; Yoganathan, Manosila; Ayala, Ana Patricia; Cunningham, Heather; Tugwell, Peter

2016-12-09

Systematic reviews are important for decision makers. They offer many potential benefits but are often written in technical language, are too long, and do not contain contextual details which make them hard to use for decision-making. There are many organizations that develop and disseminate derivative products, such as evidence summaries, from systematic reviews for different populations or subsets of decision makers. This systematic review aimed to (1) assess the effectiveness of evidence summaries on policymakers' use of the evidence and (2) identify the most effective summary components for increasing policymakers' use of the evidence. We present an overview of the available evidence on systematic review derivative products. We included studies of policymakers at all levels as well as health system managers. We included studies examining any type of "evidence summary," "policy brief," or other products derived from systematic reviews that presented evidence in a summarized form. The primary outcomes were the (1) use of systematic review summaries in decision-making (e.g., self-reported use of the evidence in policymaking and decision-making) and (2) policymakers' understanding, knowledge, and/or beliefs (e.g., changes in knowledge scores about the topic included in the summary). We also assessed perceived relevance, credibility, usefulness, understandability, and desirability (e.g., format) of the summaries. Our database search combined with our gray literature search yielded 10,113 references after removal of duplicates. From these, 54 were reviewed in full text, and we included six studies (reported in seven papers) as well as protocols from two ongoing studies. Two studies assessed the use of evidence summaries in decision-making and found little to no difference in effect. There was also little to no difference in effect for knowledge, understanding or beliefs (four studies), and perceived usefulness or usability (three studies). Summary of findings tables and graded entry summaries were perceived as slightly easier to understand compared to complete systematic reviews. Two studies assessed formatting changes and found that for summary of findings tables, certain elements, such as reporting study event rates and absolute differences, were preferred as well as avoiding the use of footnotes. Evidence summaries are likely easier to understand than complete systematic reviews. However, their ability to increase the use of systematic review evidence in policymaking is unclear. The protocol was published in the journal Systematic Reviews (2015;4:122).

Space station final study report. Volume 1: Executive summary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1987-01-01

Volume 1 of the Final Study Report provides an Executive Summary of the Phase B study effort conducted under contract NAS8-36526. Space station Phase B implementation resulted in the timely establishment of preliminary design tasks, including trades and analyses. A comprehensive summary of project activities in conducting this study effort is included.

Academic Primer Series: Five Key Papers Fostering Educational Scholarship in Junior Academic Faculty.

PubMed

Chan, Teresa M; Gottlieb, Michael; Fant, Abra L; Messman, Anne; Robinson, Daniel W; Cooney, Robert R; Papanagnou, Dimitrios; Yarris, Lalena M

2016-09-01

Scholarship is an essential part of academic success. Junior faculty members are often unfamiliar with the grounding literature that defines educational scholarship. In this article, the authors aim to summarize five key papers which outline education scholarship in the setting of academic contributions for emerging clinician educators. The authors conducted a consensus-building process to generate a list of key papers that describe the importance and significance of academic scholarship, informed by social media sources. They then used a three-round voting methodology, akin to a Delphi study, to determine the most useful papers. A summary of the five most important papers on the topic of academic scholarship, as determined by this mixed group of junior faculty members and faculty developers, is presented in this paper. These authors subsequently wrote a summary of these five papers and discussed their relevance to both junior faculty members and faculty developers. Five papers on education scholarship, deemed essential by the authors' consensus process, are presented in this paper. These papers may help provide the foundational background to help junior faculty members gain a grasp of the academic scholarly environment. This list may also inform senior faculty and faculty developers on the needs of junior educators in the nascent stages of their careers.

Summary of data reported to CDC's national automated biosurveillance system, 2008

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background BioSense is the US national automated biosurveillance system. Data regarding chief complaints and diagnoses are automatically pre-processed into 11 broader syndromes (e.g., respiratory) and 78 narrower sub-syndromes (e.g., asthma). The objectives of this report are to present the types of illness and injury that can be studied using these data and the frequency of visits for the syndromes and sub-syndromes in the various data types; this information will facilitate use of the system and comparison with other systems. Methods For each major data source, we summarized information on the facilities, timeliness, patient demographics, and rates of visits for each syndrome and sub-syndrome. Results In 2008, the primary data sources were the 333 US Department of Defense, 770 US Veterans Affairs, and 532 civilian hospital emergency department facilities. Median times from patient visit to record receipt at CDC were 2.2 days, 2.0 days, and 4 hours for these sources respectively. Among sub-syndromes, we summarize mean 2008 visit rates in 45 infectious disease categories, 11 injury categories, 7 chronic disease categories, and 15 other categories. Conclusions We present a systematic summary of data that is automatically available to public health departments for monitoring and responding to emergencies. PMID:20500863

Academic Primer Series: Five Key Papers Fostering Educational Scholarship in Junior Academic Faculty

PubMed Central

Chan, Teresa M.; Gottlieb, Michael; Fant, Abra L.; Messman, Anne; Robinson, Daniel W.; Cooney, Robert R.; Papanagnou, Dimitrios; Yarris, Lalena M.

2016-01-01

Introduction Scholarship is an essential part of academic success. Junior faculty members are often unfamiliar with the grounding literature that defines educational scholarship. In this article, the authors aim to summarize five key papers which outline education scholarship in the setting of academic contributions for emerging clinician educators. Methods The authors conducted a consensus-building process to generate a list of key papers that describe the importance and significance of academic scholarship, informed by social media sources. They then used a three-round voting methodology, akin to a Delphi study, to determine the most useful papers. Results A summary of the five most important papers on the topic of academic scholarship, as determined by this mixed group of junior faculty members and faculty developers, is presented in this paper. These authors subsequently wrote a summary of these five papers and discussed their relevance to both junior faculty members and faculty developers. Conclusion Five papers on education scholarship, deemed essential by the authors’ consensus process, are presented in this paper. These papers may help provide the foundational background to help junior faculty members gain a grasp of the academic scholarly environment. This list may also inform senior faculty and faculty developers on the needs of junior educators in the nascent stages of their careers. PMID:27625714

Identification of mutant phenotypes associated with loss of individual microRNAs in sensitized genetic backgrounds in Caenorhabditis elegans

PubMed Central

Brenner, John L.; Jasiewicz, Kristen L.; Fahley, Alisha F.; Kemp, Benedict J.; Abbott, Allison L.

2010-01-01

Summary MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, non-coding RNAs that regulate the translation and/or the stability of their mRNA targets. Previous work showed that for most miRNA genes of C. elegans, single gene knockouts did not result in detectable mutant phenotypes [1]. This may be due, in part, to functional redundancy between miRNAs. However, in most cases, worms carrying deletions of all members of a miRNA family do not display strong mutant phenotypes [2]. They may function together with unrelated miRNAs or with non-miRNA genes in regulatory networks, possibly to ensure the robustness of developmental mechanisms. To test this, we examined worms lacking individual miRNAs in genetically sensitized backgrounds. These include genetic backgrounds with reduced processing and activity of all miRNAs or with reduced activity of a wide array of regulatory pathways [3]. Using these two approaches, mutant phenotypes were identified for 25 out of 31 miRNAs included in this analysis. Our findings describe biological roles for individual miRNAs and suggest that use of sensitized genetic backgrounds provides an efficient approach for miRNA functional analysis. PMID:20579881

Retirement Income for an Aging Population. A Report Prepared by Congressional Research Service, Library of Congress, with Analytic Support from the Congressional Budget Office. Committee on Ways and Means, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundredth Congress, First Session.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Library of Congress, Washington, DC. Congressional Research Service.

This document presents an extensive report on retirement income prepared by the Congressional Research Service at the request of Congressman Dan Rostenkowski. The report consists of an executive summary, an overview of the issue, and a series of background papers. Part I provides an overview of retirement income for an aging population and…

TRADOC Evaluation - Basic Skills Education Program. Phase I, BSEP I. Revised

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-11

typographical errors. The original text (blue cover) should be de- stroyed. o-!3 3 C )>4 FOR THE COMMANDER: E N_ R 1 Incl R. N. WA. as. Colonel, GS...Summary. . . i I. Purpose 1 - 1I. Historical Background ................. 2 I1. Identification of BSEP I Eligibles .... ........... 4 IV. Program...a’ Avail aid/or Dist spec & I FOReMM Since World War 1 , differing standards have been used at various times in determining eligibility for enlistment

Congenital radioulnar synostosis – case report

PubMed Central

Siemianowicz, Anna; Wawrzynek, Wojciech; Besler, Krzysztof

2010-01-01

Summary Background: Congenital radioulnar synostosis is a rare malformation of the upper limb, with functional limitations of the limb. Case Report: A 10-year-old child with pain and restricted mobility of the elbow joint was admitted to the hospital. Plain film radiography and CT examination was performed. Radiological examinations showed a congenital radioulnar synostosis. The child underwent surgical treatment – derotational osteotomy. Conclusions: Diagnostic imaging including computed tomography with three-dimentional (3D) reconstructions, preceding surgery enables planning of the surgical treatment. PMID:22802806