41 CFR 101-30.304 - Application of item entry control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... entry control. 101-30.304 Section 101-30.304 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.3-Cataloging Items of Supply § 101-30.304 Application of item entry control. In addition...

15 CFR 301.3 - Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... scientific instruments. 301.3 Section 301.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.3 Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments. (a) Who may apply. An applicant for duty-free entry of an...

15 CFR 301.3 - Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... scientific instruments. 301.3 Section 301.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.3 Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments. (a) Who may apply. An applicant for duty-free entry of an...

15 CFR 301.3 - Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... scientific instruments. 301.3 Section 301.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.3 Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments. (a) Who may apply. An applicant for duty-free entry of an...

15 CFR 301.3 - Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... scientific instruments. 301.3 Section 301.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.3 Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments. (a) Who may apply. An applicant for duty-free entry of an...

15 CFR 301.3 - Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... scientific instruments. 301.3 Section 301.3 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.3 Application for duty-free entry of scientific instruments. (a) Who may apply. An applicant for duty-free entry of an...

31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 510.505 Entries in...

32 CFR 763.1 - Purpose.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PUBLIC ACCESS Entry Regulations for Kaho'olawe Island, Hawaii § 763.1 Purpose. The purpose of this subpart is to promulgate regulations for entry to Kaho'olawe Island, Hawaii, and its adjacent waters. ...

7 CFR 319.24-5 - Condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-5 Condition of entry. The corn shall not be removed from the port of entry... Quarantine Programs, that the corn has been properly sterilized and released for entry without further...

7 CFR 319.24-5 - Condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-5 Condition of entry. The corn shall not be removed from the port of entry... Quarantine Programs, that the corn has been properly sterilized and released for entry without further...

31 CFR 337.12 - Applicability of TREASURY DIRECT regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... DIRECT regulations. The regulations governing the TREASURY DIRECT Book-Entry Securities System (TREASURY... following exceptions: (a) Securities account. (See § 357.20 of this chapter.) An account in the book-entry debenture system may be established by the Department of the Treasury upon receipt of the request that a new...

31 CFR 210.1 - Scope; relation to other regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... IN THE AUTOMATED CLEARING HOUSE § 210.1 Scope; relation to other regulations. This part governs all entries and entry data originated or received by an agency through the Automated Clearing House (ACH...

GlyCAM1 negatively regulates monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and contributes to radiation-based protection in glaucoma.

PubMed

Williams, Pete A; Braine, Catherine E; Foxworth, Nicole E; Cochran, Kelly E; John, Simon W M

2017-04-26

We previously reported a profound long-term neuroprotection subsequent to a single radiation-therapy in the DBA/2J mouse model of glaucoma. This neuroprotection prevents entry of monocyte-like immune cells into the optic nerve head during glaucoma. Gene expression studies in radiation-treated mice implicated Glycam1 in this protection. Glycam1 encodes a proteoglycan ligand for L-selectin and is an excellent candidate to modulate immune cell entry into the eye. Here, we experimentally test the hypothesis that radiation-induced over-expression of Glycam1 is a key component of the neuroprotection. We generated a null allele of Glycam1 on a DBA/2J background. Gene and protein expression of Glycam1, monocyte entry into the optic nerve head, retinal ganglion cell death, and axon loss in the optic nerve were assessed. Radiation therapy potently inhibits monocyte entry into the optic nerve head and prevents retinal ganglion cell death and axon loss. DBA/2J mice carrying a null allele of Glycam1 show increased monocyte entry and increased retinal ganglion cell death and axon loss following radiation therapy, but the majority of optic nerves were still protected by radiation therapy. Although GlyCAM1 is an L-selectin ligand, its roles in immunity are not yet fully defined. The current study demonstrates a partial role for GlyCAM1 in radiation-mediated protection. Furthermore, our results clearly show that GlyCAM1 levels modulate immune cell entry from the vasculature into neural tissues. As Glycam1 deficiency has a more profound effect on cell entry than on neurodegeneration, further experiments are needed to precisely define the role of monocyte entry in DBA/2J glaucoma. Nevertheless, GlyCAM1's function as a negative regulator of extravasation may lead to novel therapeutic strategies for an array of common conditions involving inflammation.

32 CFR 770.57 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.57 Entry procedures. (a) Any person or group desiring the advance consent of the Commander...

32 CFR 770.57 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.57 Entry procedures. (a) Any person or group desiring the advance consent of the Commander...

32 CFR 770.57 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.57 Entry procedures. (a) Any person or group desiring the advance consent of the Commander...

32 CFR 770.57 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.57 Entry procedures. (a) Any person or group desiring the advance consent of the Commander...

19 CFR 122.42 - Aircraft entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Aircraft entry. 122.42 Section 122.42 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for...

31 CFR 306.117 - Withdrawal of eligible book-entry Treasury securities for conversion to registered form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Withdrawal of eligible book-entry... PUBLIC DEBT GENERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.117 Withdrawal of eligible book-entry Treasury securities for conversion to registered form. (a) Eligible book-entry Treasury...

31 CFR 306.117 - Withdrawal of eligible book-entry Treasury securities for conversion to registered form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal of eligible book-entry... PUBLIC DEBT GENERAL REGULATIONS GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.117 Withdrawal of eligible book-entry Treasury securities for conversion to registered form. (a) Eligible book-entry Treasury...

32 CFR 770.39 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... entry upon any U.S. Naval installation or property in Puerto Rico from the Commanding Officer of the...

32 CFR 770.39 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... entry upon any U.S. Naval installation or property in Puerto Rico from the Commanding Officer of the...

Infection with hepatitis C virus depends on TACSTD2, a regulator of claudin-1 and occludin highly downregulated in hepatocellular carcinoma

PubMed Central

Alayli, Farah; Melis, Marta; Kabat, Juraj; Pomerenke, Anna; Altan-Bonnet, Nihal; Zamboni, Fausto; Emerson, Suzanne U.

2018-01-01

Entry of hepatitis C virus (HCV) into hepatocytes is a complex process that involves numerous cellular factors, including the scavenger receptor class B type 1 (SR-B1), the tetraspanin CD81, and the tight junction (TJ) proteins claudin-1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN). Despite expression of all known HCV-entry factors, in vitro models based on hepatoma cell lines do not fully reproduce the in vivo susceptibility of liver cells to primary HCV isolates, implying the existence of additional host factors which are critical for HCV entry and/or replication. Likewise, HCV replication is severely impaired within hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissue in vivo, but the mechanisms responsible for this restriction are presently unknown. Here, we identify tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2 (TACSTD2), one of the most downregulated genes in primary HCC tissue, as a host factor that interacts with CLDN1 and OCLN and regulates their cellular localization. TACSTD2 gene silencing disrupts the typical linear distribution of CLDN1 and OCLN along the cellular membrane in both hepatoma cells and primary human hepatocytes, recapitulating the pattern observed in vivo in primary HCC tissue. Mechanistic studies suggest that TACSTD2 is involved in the phosphorylation of CLDN1 and OCLN, which is required for their proper cellular localization. Silencing of TACSTD2 dramatically inhibits HCV infection with a pan-genotype effect that occurs at the level of viral entry. Our study identifies TACSTD2 as a novel regulator of two major HCV-entry factors, CLDN1 and OCLN, which is strongly downregulated in malignant hepatocytes. These results provide new insights into the complex process of HCV entry into hepatocytes and may assist in the development of more efficient cellular systems for HCV propagation in vitro. PMID:29538454

32 CFR 763.4 - Entry restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Entry restrictions. 763.4 Section 763.4 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY ISLANDS UNDER NAVY JURISDICTION RULES GOVERNING PUBLIC ACCESS Entry Regulations for Kaho'olawe Island, Hawaii § 763.4 Entry restrictions. (a...

31 CFR 351.61 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series EE savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? 351.61 Section 351.61 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Book-Entry Series EE Savings Bonds § 351.61 What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? Book-entry bonds are...

31 CFR 351.61 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series EE savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? 351.61 Section 351.61 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Book-Entry Series EE Savings Bonds § 351.61 What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? Book-entry bonds are...

31 CFR 359.47 - How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.47 Section 359.47 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES I Book-Entry Series I Savings Bonds § 359.47 How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series I savings bonds? You may only purchase book-entry...

31 CFR 351.62 - How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series EE savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... book-entry Series EE savings bonds? 351.62 Section 351.62 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Book-Entry Series EE Savings Bonds § 351.62 How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? You may only purchase book-entry...

31 CFR 359.46 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.46 Section 359.46 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES I Book-Entry Series I Savings Bonds § 359.46 What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds? Book-entry bonds are issued in...

31 CFR 351.62 - How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series EE savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... book-entry Series EE savings bonds? 351.62 Section 351.62 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... DEBT OFFERING OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES EE Book-Entry Series EE Savings Bonds § 351.62 How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series EE savings bonds? You may only purchase book-entry...

50 CFR 660.24 - Limited entry and open access fisheries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 13 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Limited entry and open access fisheries... Groundfish Fisheries § 660.24 Limited entry and open access fisheries. (a) General. All commercial fishing for groundfish must be conducted in accordance with the regulations governing limited entry and open...

31 CFR 354.1 - Definitions of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES OF THE... the claimant for another Person to hold, transfer, or deal with the Security. (b) Book-entry Sallie Mae Security means a Sallie Mae Security issued or maintained in the Book-entry System. (c) Book-entry...

31 CFR 351.83 - May Public Debt issue Series EE savings bonds only in book-entry form?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... savings bonds only in book-entry form? 351.83 Section 351.83 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Debt issue Series EE savings bonds only in book-entry form? We reserve the right to issue bonds only in book-entry form. ...

The Zds proteins control entry into mitosis and target protein phosphatase 2A to the Cdc25 phosphatase

PubMed Central

Wicky, Sidonie; Tjandra, Hendri; Schieltz, David; Yates, John; Kellogg, Douglas R.

2011-01-01

The Wee1 kinase restrains entry into mitosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). The Cdc25 phosphatase promotes entry into mitosis by removing Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation. Experiments in diverse systems have established that Wee1 and Cdc25 are regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), but a full understanding of the function and regulation of PP2A in entry into mitosis has remained elusive. In budding yeast, entry into mitosis is controlled by a specific form of PP2A that is associated with the Cdc55 regulatory subunit (PP2ACdc55). We show here that related proteins called Zds1 and Zds2 form a tight stoichiometric complex with PP2ACdc55 and target its activity to Cdc25 but not to Wee1. Conditional inactivation of the Zds proteins revealed that their function is required primarily at entry into mitosis. In addition, Zds1 undergoes cell cycle–dependent changes in phosphorylation. Together, these observations define a role for the Zds proteins in controlling specific functions of PP2ACdc55 and suggest that upstream signals that regulate PP2ACdc55 may play an important role in controlling entry into mitosis. PMID:21119008

The Zds proteins control entry into mitosis and target protein phosphatase 2A to the Cdc25 phosphatase.

PubMed

Wicky, Sidonie; Tjandra, Hendri; Schieltz, David; Yates, John; Kellogg, Douglas R

2011-01-01

The Wee1 kinase restrains entry into mitosis by phosphorylating and inhibiting cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1). The Cdc25 phosphatase promotes entry into mitosis by removing Cdk1 inhibitory phosphorylation. Experiments in diverse systems have established that Wee1 and Cdc25 are regulated by protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), but a full understanding of the function and regulation of PP2A in entry into mitosis has remained elusive. In budding yeast, entry into mitosis is controlled by a specific form of PP2A that is associated with the Cdc55 regulatory subunit (PP2A(Cdc55)). We show here that related proteins called Zds1 and Zds2 form a tight stoichiometric complex with PP2A(Cdc55) and target its activity to Cdc25 but not to Wee1. Conditional inactivation of the Zds proteins revealed that their function is required primarily at entry into mitosis. In addition, Zds1 undergoes cell cycle-dependent changes in phosphorylation. Together, these observations define a role for the Zds proteins in controlling specific functions of PP2A(Cdc55) and suggest that upstream signals that regulate PP2A(Cdc55) may play an important role in controlling entry into mitosis.

33 CFR 165.T01-0174 - Regulated Navigation Area; Tappan Zee Bridge Construction Project, Hudson River; South Nyack and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CFR 165.10, 165.11, and 165.13 apply within the RNA. (2) In accordance with the general regulations, entry into, anchoring, or movement within the RNA, during periods of enforcement, is prohibited unless... operators of this regulation. (3) During periods of enforcement, entry and movement within the RNA is...

7 CFR 330.104 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 330.104 Section 330.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEDERAL PLANT PEST REGULATIONS; GENERAL; PLANT PESTS; SOIL, STONE, AND QUARRY...

7 CFR 330.104 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ports of entry. 330.104 Section 330.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEDERAL PLANT PEST REGULATIONS; GENERAL; PLANT PESTS; SOIL, STONE, AND QUARRY...

7 CFR 330.104 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 330.104 Section 330.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEDERAL PLANT PEST REGULATIONS; GENERAL; PLANT PESTS; SOIL, STONE, AND QUARRY...

7 CFR 330.104 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 330.104 Section 330.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEDERAL PLANT PEST REGULATIONS; GENERAL; PLANT PESTS; SOIL, STONE, AND QUARRY...

7 CFR 330.104 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 330.104 Section 330.104 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FEDERAL PLANT PEST REGULATIONS; GENERAL; PLANT PESTS; SOIL, STONE, AND QUARRY...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

9 CFR 93.805 - Ports of entry, inspection, and treatment. 1

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

...; REQUIREMENTS FOR MEANS OF CONVEYANCE AND SHIPPING CONTAINERS Elephants, Hippopotami, Rhinoceroses, and Tapirs... the U.S. Department of the Interior regulations relevant to the importation of elephants, hippopotami, rhinoceroses, and tapirs, including regulations concerning ports of entry. (a) An elephant, hippopotamus...

48 CFR 552.270-9 - Inspection-Right of Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for asbestos fibers; (2) Inspecting the heating, ventilation and air conditioning system, maintenance... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Inspection-Right of Entry. 552.270-9 Section 552.270-9 Federal Acquisition Regulations System GENERAL SERVICES ADMINISTRATION...

8 CFR 234.4 - International airports for entry of aliens.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false International airports for entry of aliens. 234.4 Section 234.4 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DESIGNATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY FOR ALIENS ARRIVING BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 234.4 International airports for entry...

8 CFR 234.4 - International airports for entry of aliens.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false International airports for entry of aliens. 234.4 Section 234.4 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DESIGNATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY FOR ALIENS ARRIVING BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 234.4 International airports for entry...

8 CFR 234.4 - International airports for entry of aliens.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false International airports for entry of aliens. 234.4 Section 234.4 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DESIGNATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY FOR ALIENS ARRIVING BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 234.4 International airports for entry...

8 CFR 234.4 - International airports for entry of aliens.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false International airports for entry of aliens. 234.4 Section 234.4 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DESIGNATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY FOR ALIENS ARRIVING BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 234.4 International airports for entry...

8 CFR 234.4 - International airports for entry of aliens.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 8 Aliens and Nationality 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false International airports for entry of aliens. 234.4 Section 234.4 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS DESIGNATION OF PORTS OF ENTRY FOR ALIENS ARRIVING BY CIVIL AIRCRAFT § 234.4 International airports for entry...

30 CFR 721.12 - Right of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Right of entry. 721.12 Section 721.12 Mineral... REGULATIONS FEDERAL INSPECTIONS § 721.12 Right of entry. (a) Authorized representatives of the Secretary..., shall have the right of entry to, upon, or through any surface coal mining and reclamation operations or...

7 CFR 319.24-3 - Marking as condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-3 Marking as condition of entry. Every bag or other container of corn offered for entry shall be plainly marked with such numbers or marks as will make it easily...

7 CFR 319.24-3 - Marking as condition of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Corn Diseases Regulations Governing Entry of Indian Corn Or Maize § 319.24-3 Marking as condition of entry. Every bag or other container of corn offered for entry shall be plainly marked with such numbers or marks as will make it easily...

31 CFR 357.0 - Book-entry systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Book-entry systems. 357.0 Section 357..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN LEGACY TREASURY DIRECT General Information § 357.0 Book-entry systems. (a) Treasury...

The actin cytoskeleton in store-mediated calcium entry

PubMed Central

Rosado, Juan A; Sage, Stewart O

2000-01-01

Store-mediated Ca2+ entry is the main pathway for Ca2+ influx in platelets and many other cells. Several hypotheses have considered both direct and indirect coupling mechanisms between the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. Here we pay particular attention to new insights into the regulation of store-mediated Ca2+ entry: the role of the cytoskeleton in a secretion-like coupling model. In this model, Ca2+ entry may be mediated by a reversible trafficking and coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum with the plasma membrane, that shows close parallels to the events mediating secretion. As with secretion, the actin cytoskeleton plays an inhibitory role in the activation of Ca2+ entry by preventing the approach and coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum with the plasma membrane, making cytoskeletal remodelling a key event in the activation of Ca2+ entry. We also review recent advances investigating the regulation of store-mediated Ca2+ entry by small GTPases and phosphoinositides, which might be involved in the store-mediated Ca2+ entry pathway through roles in the remodelling of the cytoskeleton. PMID:10896713

Mechanism of Cell Entry and Transformation by Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus

PubMed Central

Dirks, Clarissa; Duh, Fuh-Mei; Rai, Sharath K.; Lerman, Michael I.; Miller, A. Dusty

2002-01-01

Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) induces nasal epithelial cancer in infected sheep, but it is a simple retrovirus lacking a known oncogene. ENTV is closely related to jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV), which also causes cancer in sheep but in the epithelial cells of the lower airways and alveoli. Here we show that as with JSRV, the envelope (Env) protein of ENTV can transform cultured cells and thus is likely to be responsible for oncogenesis in animals. In addition, the ENTV Env protein mediates virus entry using the same receptor as does JSRV Env, the candidate tumor suppressor Hyal2. However, ENTV Env mediates entry into cells from a more restricted range of species than does JSRV, and based on this finding we have identified amino acid regions in the Env proteins that are important for virus entry. Also, because ENTV does not efficiently use human Hyal2 as a receptor, we cloned the ovine Hyal2 cDNA and show that the encoded protein functions as an efficient receptor for both ENTV and JSRV. In summary, although ENTV and JSRV use the same cell surface receptor for cell entry and apparently transform cells by the same mechanism, they induce cancer in different tissues of infected sheep, indicating that oncogenesis is regulated at some other level. The transcriptional regulatory elements in these viruses are quite different, indicating that tissue-specific oncogenesis is likely regulated at the level of viral gene expression. PMID:11836391

From laboratory to point of entry: development and implementation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based genetic identification system to prevent introduction of quarantine insect species.

PubMed

Blaser, Simon; Diem, Hanspeter; von Felten, Andreas; Gueuning, Morgan; Andreou, Michael; Boonham, Neil; Tomlinson, Jennifer; Müller, Pie; Utzinger, Jürg; Frey, Jürg E; Bühlmann, Andreas

2018-06-01

Rapid genetic on-site identification methods at points of entry, such as seaports and airports, have the potential to become important tools to prevent the introduction and spread of economically harmful pest species that are unintentionally transported by the global trade of plant commodities. This paper reports the development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP)-based identification system to prevent introduction of the three most frequently encountered regulated quarantine insect species groups at Swiss borders, Bemisia tabaci, Thrips palmi and several regulated fruit flies of the genera Bactrocera and Zeugodacus. The LAMP primers were designed to target a fragment of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I gene and were generated based on publicly available DNA sequences. Laboratory evaluations analysing 282 insect specimens suspected to be quarantine organisms revealed an overall test efficiency of 99%. Additional on-site evaluation at a point of entry using 37 specimens performed by plant health inspectors with minimal laboratory training resulted in an overall test efficiency of 95%. During both evaluation rounds, there were no false-positives and the observed false-negatives were attributable to human-induced manipulation errors. To overcome the possibility of accidental introduction of pests as a result of rare false-negative results, samples yielding negative results in the LAMP method were also subjected to DNA barcoding. Our LAMP assays reliably differentiated between the tested regulated and non-regulated insect species within <1 h. Hence, LAMP assays represent suitable tools for rapid on-site identification of harmful pests, which might facilitate an accelerated import control process for plant commodities. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

41 CFR 101-30.304 - Application of item entry control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... control. 101-30.304 Section 101-30.304 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.3-Cataloging Items of Supply § 101-30.304 Application of item entry control. In addition...

41 CFR 101-30.304 - Application of item entry control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... control. 101-30.304 Section 101-30.304 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.3-Cataloging Items of Supply § 101-30.304 Application of item entry control. In addition...

41 CFR 101-30.304 - Application of item entry control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... control. 101-30.304 Section 101-30.304 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.3-Cataloging Items of Supply § 101-30.304 Application of item entry control. In addition...

41 CFR 101-30.304 - Application of item entry control.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... control. 101-30.304 Section 101-30.304 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System FEDERAL PROPERTY MANAGEMENT REGULATIONS SUPPLY AND PROCUREMENT 30-FEDERAL CATALOG SYSTEM 30.3-Cataloging Items of Supply § 101-30.304 Application of item entry control. In addition...

43 CFR 2091.4-1 - Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. 2091.4-1 Section 2091.4-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to...: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. (a) Lands covered by an application for a desert land entry or...

43 CFR 2091.4-1 - Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. 2091.4-1 Section 2091.4-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to...: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. (a) Lands covered by an application for a desert land entry or...

43 CFR 2091.4-1 - Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. 2091.4-1 Section 2091.4-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to...: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. (a) Lands covered by an application for a desert land entry or...

31 CFR 315.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct. 315.3 Section 315.3 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations.... SAVINGS NOTES General Information § 315.3 Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New... book-entry bonds through New Treasury Direct, an online system for holding Treasury securities. The Web...

31 CFR 306.116 - Scope and effect of book-entry procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. 306.116 Section 306.116 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.116 Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. (a...

31 CFR 354.7 - Withdrawal of eligible Book-entry Sallie Mae Securities for conversion to definitive form.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Withdrawal of eligible Book-entry... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES OF THE STUDENT LOAN MARKETING ASSOCIATION (SALLIE MAE) § 354.7 Withdrawal of eligible Book-entry Sallie Mae Securities for conversion to definitive form...

31 CFR 357.10 - Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Laws governing a Treasury book-entry... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN TREASURY/RESERVE... (TRADES) § 357.10 Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or...

31 CFR 306.116 - Scope and effect of book-entry procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. 306.116 Section 306.116 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.116 Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. (a...

31 CFR 360.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct. 360.3 Section 360.3 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct. Series I savings bonds that were originally issued as definitive bonds may be converted to book-entry bonds through New Treasury...

31 CFR 306.116 - Scope and effect of book-entry procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. 306.116 Section 306.116 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.116 Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. (a...

31 CFR 353.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct. 353.3 Section 353.3 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... § 353.3 Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct. Series EE savings bonds that were originally issued as definitive bonds may be converted to book-entry bonds through...

31 CFR 306.116 - Scope and effect of book-entry procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. 306.116 Section 306.116 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.116 Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. (a...

31 CFR 306.23 - Securities eligible to be held in the TREASURY DIRECT Book-entry Securities System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TREASURY DIRECT Book-entry Securities System. 306.23 Section 306.23 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Securities eligible to be held in the TREASURY DIRECT Book-entry Securities System. (a) Eligible issues. The... conversion to the TREASURY DIRECT Book-entry Securities System. The notice shall specify the period during...

31 CFR 306.116 - Scope and effect of book-entry procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. 306.116 Section 306.116 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... GOVERNING U.S. SECURITIES Book-Entry Procedure § 306.116 Scope and effect of book-entry procedure. (a...

32 CFR 525.5 - Entry authorization (procedure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.5 Entry... the National Range Commander, the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range or the designated representative... the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range, responds to an application, and the National Range Commander...

32 CFR 525.5 - Entry authorization (procedure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.5 Entry... the National Range Commander, the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range or the designated representative... the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range, responds to an application, and the National Range Commander...

32 CFR 525.5 - Entry authorization (procedure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.5 Entry... the National Range Commander, the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range or the designated representative... the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range, responds to an application, and the National Range Commander...

32 CFR 525.5 - Entry authorization (procedure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.5 Entry... the National Range Commander, the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range or the designated representative... the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range, responds to an application, and the National Range Commander...

32 CFR 525.5 - Entry authorization (procedure).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AUTHORITIES AND PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.5 Entry... the National Range Commander, the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range or the designated representative... the Commander, Kwajalein Missile Range, responds to an application, and the National Range Commander...

Temporal and nonlinear dispersal patterns of Ludwigia hexapetala in a regulated river

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Rivers are vulnerable to biological invasion due to hydrologic connectivity, which facilitates post-entry movement of aquatic plant propagules by water currents. Ecological and watershed factors may influence spatial and temporal dispersal patterns. Field-based data on dispersal could improve risk...

24-Month-Old Children with Larger Oral Vocabularies Display Greater Academic and Behavioral Functioning at Kindergarten Entry

PubMed Central

Morgan, Paul L.; Farkas, George; Hillemeier, Marianne M.; Hammer, Carol Scheffner; Maczuga, Steve

2015-01-01

Data were analyzed from a population-based, longitudinal sample of 8,650 U.S. children to (a) identify factors associated with or predictive of oral vocabulary size at 24 months of age and (b) evaluate whether oral vocabulary size is uniquely predictive of academic and behavioral functioning at kindergarten entry. Children from higher socioeconomic status households, females, and those experiencing higher-quality parenting had larger oral vocabularies. Children born with very low birth weight or from households where the mother had health problems had smaller oral vocabularies. Even after extensive covariate adjustment, 24-month-old children with larger oral vocabularies displayed greater reading and mathematics achievement, increased behavioral self-regulation, and fewer externalizing and internalizing problem behaviors at kindergarten entry. PMID:26283023

Different phospholipase-C-coupled receptors differentially regulate capacitative and non-capacitative Ca2+ entry in A7r5 cells

PubMed Central

Moneer, Zahid; Pino, Irene; Taylor, Emily J. A.; Broad, Lisa M.; Liu, Yingjie; Tovey, Stephen C.; Staali, Leila; Taylor, Colin W.

2005-01-01

Several receptors, including those for AVP (Arg8-vasopressin) and 5-HT (5-hydroxytryptamine), share an ability to stimulate PLC (phospholipase C) and so production of IP3 (inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate) and DAG (diacylglycerol) in A7r5 vascular smooth muscle cells. Our previous analysis of the effects of AVP on Ca2+ entry [Moneer, Dyer and Taylor (2003) Biochem. J. 370, 439–448] showed that arachidonic acid released from DAG stimulated NO synthase. NO then stimulated an NCCE (non-capacitative Ca2+ entry) pathway, and, via cGMP and protein kinase G, it inhibited CCE (capacitative Ca2+ entry). This reciprocal regulation ensured that, in the presence of AVP, all Ca2+ entry occurred via NCCE to be followed by a transient activation of CCE only when AVP was removed [Moneer and Taylor (2002) Biochem. J. 362, 13–21]. We confirm that, in the presence of AVP, all Ca2+ entry occurs via NCCE, but 5-HT, despite activating PLC and evoking release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores, stimulates Ca2+ entry only via CCE. We conclude that two PLC-coupled receptors differentially regulate CCE and NCCE. We also address evidence that, in some A7r5 cells lines, AVP fails either to stimulate NCCE or inhibit CCE [Brueggemann, Markun, Barakat, Chen and Byron (2005) Biochem. J. 388, 237–244]. Quantitative PCR analysis suggests that these cells predominantly express TRPC1 (transient receptor potential canonical 1), whereas cells in which AVP reciprocally regulates CCE and NCCE express a greater variety of TRPC subtypes (TRPC1=6>2>3). PMID:15918794

24 CFR 350.11 - Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Securities in Book-entry System. 350.11 Section 350.11 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to... AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 350.11 Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System. The interest of a debtor in a Security Entitlement may be reached by a creditor only...

31 CFR 363.101 - Can an account owner transfer a book-entry savings bond to a minor?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Book-Entry Savings Bonds Purchased Through TreasuryDirect Gifts § 363.101 Can an account owner transfer a book-entry savings bond to a minor? An account owner can transfer a book-entry savings bond held in TreasuryDirect ® to a minor as a gift or pursuant...

43 CFR 2524.8 - Cancellation of entries for nonpayment of water-right charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cancellation of entries for nonpayment of water-right charges. 2524.8 Section 2524.8 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a...

31 CFR 359.55 - How are redemption values calculated for book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prorated to the book-entry par investment amount for the corresponding issue and redemption dates... to $25.04; calculated value of $25.045 rounds to $25.05. [Book-entry par investment ÷ 100] × [CRV... for book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.55 Section 359.55 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations...

31 CFR 358.6 - What is the procedure for converting bearer corpora and detached bearer coupons to book-entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bearer corpora and detached bearer coupons to book-entry? 358.6 Section 358.6 Money and Finance: Treasury... PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY CONVERSION OF BEARER CORPORA AND DETACHED BEARER COUPONS § 358.6 What is the procedure for converting bearer corpora and detached bearer coupons to book-entry...

24 CFR 350.11 - Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Securities in Book-entry System. 350.11 Section 350.11 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to... AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 350.11 Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System. The interest of a debtor in a Security Entitlement may be reached by a creditor only...

24 CFR 350.11 - Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Securities in Book-entry System. 350.11 Section 350.11 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to... AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES § 350.11 Notice of Attachment for Ginnie Mae Securities in Book-entry System. The interest of a debtor in a Security Entitlement may be reached by a creditor only...

31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... NARCOTICS KINGPIN SANCTIONS REGULATIONS Licenses, Authorizations, and Statements of Licensing Policy § 598...

31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically authorized by the... regulations, rulings, instructions, licenses or otherwise, (a) No vessel that enters a port or place in Cuba...

31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically authorized by the... regulations, rulings, instructions, licenses or otherwise, (a) No vessel that enters a port or place in Cuba...

31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically authorized by the... regulations, rulings, instructions, licenses or otherwise, (a) No vessel that enters a port or place in Cuba...

31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance... Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically authorized by the... regulations, rulings, instructions, licenses or otherwise, (a) No vessel that enters a port or place in Cuba...

15 CFR 30.50 - General requirements for filing import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false General requirements for filing import entries. 30.50 Section 30.50 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and Foreign Trade BUREAU OF THE CENSUS, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE FOREIGN TRADE REGULATIONS Import Requirements § 30.50...

The impact of price-cap regulations on market entry by generic pharmaceutical firms.

PubMed

Zhang, Wei; Sun, Huiying; Guh, Daphne; Anis, Aslam H

2017-04-01

In 1998, the province of Ontario, Canada implemented price-cap '70/90' regulations: the first generic must be priced at ≤70% of the associated brand-name price and subsequent generics must be priced at ≤90% of the first generics' price. The price-cap was further lowered to 50% in 2006 and 25% in 2010 for all generic drugs regardless of the first or subsequent generic entrants. This study assessed the impact of such price-cap regulations on market entry by generic firms using the formulary database from 9 provinces (January 2004-March 2013). A logistic regression was estimated to compare the probability of entry during the three policy periods in Ontario ('70/90', '25', versus '50'). Since different price-caps were subsequently introduced in other provinces, Alberta, British Columbia, New Brunswick and Saskatchewan, difference-in-differences was used to compare market entry. In Ontario, compared with the period '50', generic firms were 76% and 63% less likely to enter markets in the periods '25' and '70/90', respectively. The difference-in-differences showed that the entry probability decreased the most in Ontario during the '25' period from the '50' period. Lowering the price-cap level to 25% leads to a significantly lower probability of market entry by generic firms.

HIV/AIDS testing at ports of entry in China.

PubMed

Lai, Dejian; Hwang, Lu-Yu; Beasley, R Palmer

2011-05-01

In 2007 the Chinese government issued regulations requiring HIV/AIDS testing for Chinese citizens returning at ports of entry if they had resided outside China for 1 year or longer. Three years after publication and partial implementation of the regulations, the Chinese government decided to eliminate compulsory HIV/AIDS testing of returning Chinese. We examine the history of China's HIV/AIDS testing regulations on entry-exit populations, showing how China has gradually altered its policy. As of December 2010, the policy of compulsory HIV/AIDS testing of returning Chinese has been abandoned; however, the regulations still compel HIV/AIDS testing for other groups inside China. Our review sheds new light on the dynamics of regulatory changes in the last 3 years. The Chinese experience that we observed may provide useful insights for policymakers in other parts of the world.

50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

50 CFR 300.188 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 11 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Ports of entry. 300.188 Section 300.188 Wildlife and Fisheries INTERNATIONAL FISHING AND RELATED ACTIVITIES INTERNATIONAL FISHERIES REGULATIONS International Trade Documentation and Tracking Programs for Highly Migratory Species § 300.188 Ports of entry...

31 CFR 359.68 - May Public Debt issue Series I savings bonds only in book-entry form?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false May Public Debt issue Series I savings bonds only in book-entry form? 359.68 Section 359.68 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... Series I savings bonds only in book-entry form? We reserve the right to issue bonds only in book-entry...

Calcium Entry in Toxoplasma gondii and Its Enhancing Effect of Invasion-linked Traits*

PubMed Central

Pace, Douglas A.; McKnight, Ciara A.; Liu, Jing; Jimenez, Veronica; Moreno, Silvia N. J.

2014-01-01

During invasion and egress from their host cells, Apicomplexan parasites face sharp changes in the surrounding calcium ion (Ca2+) concentration. Our work with Toxoplasma gondii provides evidence for Ca2+ influx from the extracellular milieu leading to cytosolic Ca2+ increase and enhancement of virulence traits, such as gliding motility, conoid extrusion, microneme secretion, and host cell invasion. Assays of Mn2+ and Ba2+ uptake do not support a canonical store-regulated Ca2+ entry mechanism. Ca2+ entry was blocked by the L-type Ca2+ channel inhibitor nifedipine and stimulated by the increase in cytosolic Ca2+ and by the specific L-type Ca2+ channel agonist Bay K-8644. Our results demonstrate that Ca2+ entry is critical for parasite virulence. We propose a regulated Ca2+ entry mechanism activated by cytosolic Ca2+ that has an enhancing effect on invasion-linked traits. PMID:24867952

19 CFR 122.47 - Stores list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for Passengers..., cigars, cigarettes and narcotic drugs, whether domestic or foreign; (ii) Bonded merchandise arriving as...

31 CFR 515.207 - Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... with Cuba. 515.207 Section 515.207 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and... REGULATIONS Prohibitions § 515.207 Entry of vessels engaged in trade with Cuba. Except as specifically... place in Cuba to engage in the trade of goods or the purchase or provision of services, may enter a U.S...

Two essays on electricity markets: Entry into hydroelectric generation industry and the political cycle of regulated prices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Moita, Rodrigo Menon Simoes

This dissertation is about the electricity industry and the problems that arise with the liberalization and de-regulation of the industry. Characteristics intrinsic to the electricity market create problems that can compromise an efficient functioning of this market. Each of the two chapters of this dissertation focus on a specific aspect of this industry. The first chapter analyzes entry in the hydroelectric generation industry. The operation of a generator upstream regularizes the river flow for generators located downstream on the same river, increasing the production capacity of the latter. This positive externality increases the attractiveness of the locations downstream whenever a generator decides to enter upstream. Therefore, the entry decision of a generator in a given location may affect all entry decisions in potential locations for plants located downstream. I first model the problem of generators located in cascade on the same river and show the positive effect of the externality. Second, I use a panel of data on investment decisions of hydro-generation firms to estimate an entry model that takes into account the effect of the externality generated by entry upriver. The results show a positive incentive to locate downstream from existing plants and from locations where entry is likely to occur. Location characteristics also play an important role on the entrants' decisions. The model provides estimates of the average expected market price across the different years covered by the sample and shows that it rose one year before the energy crisis of 2001, evidencing that the market anticipated the crisis. This result has important implications on the evaluation of the Brazilian market design. It shows that entry responded to a rise in expectations about excess demand in the future, contradicting the argument that the crisis was a consequence of mis-designed market institutions. The second chapter deals with the problem of the political cycle in regulated industries. It follows Paiva (1995) in combining elements of both the political cycle approach of Rogoff and Sibert and the political theory of regulation of Peltzman: the idea that policy decisions may change with the proximity of elections is borrowed from the political business cycle theory and added to enhance the traditional, static models of political regulation. More specifically, I combine the main ideas of Peltzman (1976) and Rogoff and Sibert (1988) to model the regulator's problem as a signaling game where politicians set the regulated price trying to maximize electoral support by signaling to voters a pro-consumer behavior. Political incentives and welfare constraints interact in the model yielding an equilibrium in which the real price in a regulated industry falls in periods immediately preceding an election. Besides presenting a new model of political price cycles in regulated industries, this paper empirically test this theory. Using quarterly data from 35 industrial and developing countries over the period 1978-2004, I find a negative but not statistically significant relationship between elections and electricity prices.

46 CFR 147A.25 - Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Entry. 147A.25 Section 147A.25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES INTERIM REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBOARD FUMIGATION During Fumigation § 147A.25 Entry. (a) No person may enter the spaces that immediately adjoin the space...

46 CFR 147A.25 - Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Entry. 147A.25 Section 147A.25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES INTERIM REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBOARD FUMIGATION During Fumigation § 147A.25 Entry. (a) No person may enter the spaces that immediately adjoin the space...

46 CFR 147A.25 - Entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Entry. 147A.25 Section 147A.25 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) DANGEROUS CARGOES INTERIM REGULATIONS FOR SHIPBOARD FUMIGATION During Fumigation § 147A.25 Entry. (a) No person may enter the spaces that immediately adjoin the space...

7 CFR 319.75-8 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.75-8 Section 319.75-8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Khapra Beetle § 319.75-8 Ports of entry. Any restricted...

7 CFR 319.75-8 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.75-8 Section 319.75-8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Khapra Beetle § 319.75-8 Ports of entry. Any restricted...

7 CFR 319.75-8 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.75-8 Section 319.75-8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Khapra Beetle § 319.75-8 Ports of entry. Any restricted...

7 CFR 319.75-8 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.75-8 Section 319.75-8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Khapra Beetle § 319.75-8 Ports of entry. Any restricted...

7 CFR 319.75-8 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.75-8 Section 319.75-8 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Khapra Beetle § 319.75-8 Ports of entry. Any restricted...

19 CFR 122.49 - Correction of air cargo manifest or air waybill.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for Passengers, Crew Members, and Non-Crew Members Onboard Commercial... satisfactory reply within 30 days of entry of the aircraft or receipt of the notice, whichever is later. (e...

32 CFR 763.5 - Entry procedures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... GOVERNING PUBLIC ACCESS Entry Regulations for Kaho'olawe Island, Hawaii § 763.5 Entry procedures. (a) It is... Harbor, Hawaii 96860, at least 15 days prior to the access requested, providing therein confirmed access... proscribed by either Federal law or the State of Hawaii Penal Code, as incorporated under the Federal...

15 CFR 30.51 - Statistical information required for import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Statistical information required for import entries. 30.51 Section 30.51 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... § 30.51 Statistical information required for import entries. The information required for statistical...

15 CFR 30.51 - Statistical information required for import entries.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 15 Commerce and Foreign Trade 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Statistical information required for import entries. 30.51 Section 30.51 Commerce and Foreign Trade Regulations Relating to Commerce and... § 30.51 Statistical information required for import entries. The information required for statistical...

The Effect of Entry Regulation in the Health Care Sector: the Case of Home Health

PubMed Central

Polsky, Daniel; David, Guy; Yang, Jianing; Kinosian, Bruce; Werner, Rachel

2013-01-01

The consequences of government regulation in the post-acute care sector are not well understood. We examine the effect of entry regulation on quality of care in home health care by analyzing the universe of hospital discharges during 2006 for publicly insured beneficiaries (about 4.5 million) and subsequent home health admissions to determine whether there is a significant difference in home health utilization, hospital readmission rates, and health care expenditures in states with and without Certificate of Need laws (CON) regulating entry. We identify these effects by looking across regulated and nonregulated states within Hospital Referral Regions, which characterize well-defined health care markets and frequently cross state boundaries. We find that CON states use home health less frequently, but system-wide rehospitalization rates, overall Medicare expenditures, and home health practice patterns are similar. Removing CON for home health would have negligible system-wide effects on health care costs and quality. PMID:24497648

The membrane as the gatekeeper of infection: Cholesterol in host-pathogen interaction.

PubMed

Kumar, G Aditya; Jafurulla, Md; Chattopadhyay, Amitabha

2016-09-01

The cellular plasma membrane serves as a portal for the entry of intracellular pathogens. An essential step for an intracellular pathogen to gain entry into a host cell therefore is to be able to cross the cell membrane. In this review, we highlight the role of host membrane cholesterol in regulating the entry of intracellular pathogens using insights obtained from work on the interaction of Leishmania and Mycobacterium with host cells. The entry of these pathogens is known to be dependent on host membrane cholesterol. Importantly, pathogen entry is inhibited either upon depletion (or complexation), or enrichment of membrane cholesterol. In other words, an optimum level of host membrane cholesterol is necessary for efficient infection by pathogens. In this overall context, we propose a general mechanism, based on cholesterol-induced conformational changes, involving cholesterol binding sites in host cell surface receptors that are implicated in this process. A therapeutic strategy targeting modulation of membrane cholesterol would have the advantage of avoiding the commonly encountered problem of drug resistance in tackling infection by intracellular pathogens. Insights into the role of host membrane cholesterol in pathogen entry would be instrumental in the development of novel therapeutic strategies to effectively tackle intracellular pathogenesis. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

31 CFR 357.10 - Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements. 357.10 Section 357.10 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE FISCAL SERVICE REGULATIONS...

31 CFR 357.10 - Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements. 357.10 Section 357.10 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS...

31 CFR 357.10 - Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Laws governing a Treasury book-entry security, TRADES, and security interests or entitlements. 357.10 Section 357.10 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS...

31 CFR 598.506 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 598.506 Section 598.506 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... Policy § 598.506 Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. (a) U.S. financial...

8 CFR 1212.1 - Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... valid re-entry permit issued by the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2) Implementing regulations... satisfies the examining U.S. Immigration officer at the port-of-entry that he or she is clearly and beyond a... immigration officer's determination of admissibility at the port of entry at Guam; and (vi) Waives any right...

8 CFR 1212.1 - Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... valid re-entry permit issued by the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2) Implementing regulations... satisfies the examining U.S. Immigration officer at the port-of-entry that he or she is clearly and beyond a... immigration officer's determination of admissibility at the port of entry at Guam; and (vi) Waives any right...

8 CFR 1212.1 - Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... valid re-entry permit issued by the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2) Implementing regulations... satisfies the examining U.S. Immigration officer at the port-of-entry that he or she is clearly and beyond a... immigration officer's determination of admissibility at the port of entry at Guam; and (vi) Waives any right...

8 CFR 1212.1 - Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... valid re-entry permit issued by the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2) Implementing regulations... satisfies the examining U.S. Immigration officer at the port-of-entry that he or she is clearly and beyond a... immigration officer's determination of admissibility at the port of entry at Guam; and (vi) Waives any right...

8 CFR 1212.1 - Documentary requirements for nonimmigrants.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... valid re-entry permit issued by the Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs. (2) Implementing regulations... satisfies the examining U.S. Immigration officer at the port-of-entry that he or she is clearly and beyond a... immigration officer's determination of admissibility at the port of entry at Guam; and (vi) Waives any right...

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

7 CFR 319.55-3 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Rules and Regulations § 319.55-3 Ports of entry. (a) For importations of seed or paddy rice from the Republic of Mexico, permits will be issued for entry... Quarantine Programs. (b) For importations of rice straw and rice hulls from all foreign countries, permits...

19 CFR 122.158 - Other entry and clearance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Other entry and clearance requirements. 122.158 Section 122.158 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Flights to and From Cuba § 122.158 Other entry and...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

45 CFR 670.34 - Entry and exit ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Entry and exit ports. 670.34 Section 670.34 Public Welfare Regulations Relating to Public Welfare (Continued) NATIONAL SCIENCE FOUNDATION CONSERVATION OF ANTARCTIC ANIMALS AND PLANTS Import Into and Export From the United States § 670.34 Entry and exit ports. (a...

40 CFR 142.34 - Entry and inspection of public water systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Entry and inspection of public water systems. 142.34 Section 142.34 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION Federal Enforcement § 142.34 Entry and inspection of public...

Involvement of TRPV2 and SOCE in calcium influx disorder in DMD primary human myotubes with a specific contribution of α1-syntrophin and PLC/PKC in SOCE regulation.

PubMed

Harisseh, Rania; Chatelier, Aurélien; Magaud, Christophe; Déliot, Nadine; Constantin, Bruno

2013-05-01

Calcium homeostasis is critical for several vital functions in excitable and nonexcitable cells and has been shown to be impaired in many pathologies including Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD). Various studies using murine models showed the implication of calcium entry in the dystrophic phenotype. However, alteration of store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) and transient receptor potential vanilloid 2 (TRPV2)-dependant cation entry has not been investigated yet in human skeletal muscle cells. We pharmacologically characterized basal and store-operated cation entries in primary cultures of myotubes prepared from muscle of normal and DMD patients and found, for the first time, an increased SOCE in DMD myotubes. Moreover, this increase cannot be explained by an over expression of the well-known SOCE actors: TRPC1/4, Orai1, and stromal interaction molecule 1 (STIM1) mRNA and proteins. Thus we investigated the modes of regulation of this cation entry. We firstly demonstrated the important role of the scaffolding protein α1-syntrophin, which regulates SOCE in primary human myotubes through its PDZ domain. We also studied the implication of phospholipase C (PLC) and protein kinase C (PKC) in SOCE and showed that their inhibition restores normal levels of SOCE in DMD human myotubes. In addition, the involvement of TRPV2 in calcium deregulation in DMD human myotubes was explored. We showed an abnormal elevation of TRPV2-dependant cation entry in dystrophic primary human myotubes compared with normal ones. These findings show that calcium homeostasis mishandling in DMD myotubes depends on SOCE under the influence of Ca(2+)/PLC/PKC pathway and α1-syntrophin regulation as well as on TRPV2-dependant cation influx.

Interleukin 6 inhibits HBV entry through NTCP down regulation.

PubMed

Bouezzedine, Fidaa; Fardel, Olivier; Gripon, Philippe

2015-07-01

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a major public health problem. Recently, the human liver bile acid transporter Na(+)/taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) has been identified as an HBV specific receptor. NTCP expression is known to be strongly regulated by IL-6. This study was aimed at characterizing the effect of IL-6 on HBV entry. HBV entry was inhibited by up to 90% when cells were pretreated with IL-6 as shown by a strong inhibition of long term HBsAg secretion. This effect was confirmed by showing a severe reduction of intracellular HBV cccDNA. In parallel, we observed a 98% decrease in NTCP mRNA steady state level and an 80% reduction in NTCP-mediated taurocholate uptake. IL-6-mediated inhibition of NTCP-mediated taurocholate uptake and viral entry exhibited similar dose-dependence and kinetics while restoration of NTCP expression suppressed the inhibitory effect of IL-6. NTCP-mediated HBV entry is therefore markedly inhibited by IL-6. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

9 CFR 381.208 - Poultry products offered for entry and entered to be handled and transported as domestic; entry...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry Products § 381.208... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Poultry products offered for entry and....208 Section 381.208 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF...

9 CFR 381.203 - Products offered for entry; charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry Products § 381.203 Products offered for... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Products offered for entry; charges for storage, cartage, and labor with respect to products which are refused entry. 381.203 Section 381...

43 CFR 2520.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries: General § 2520.0-5 Definitions. (a) As used in the desert-land laws and the regulations of this subpart: (1...

43 CFR 2520.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries: General § 2520.0-5 Definitions. (a) As used in the desert-land laws and the regulations of this subpart: (1...

43 CFR 2520.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries: General § 2520.0-5 Definitions. (a) As used in the desert-land laws and the regulations of this subpart: (1...

43 CFR 2520.0-5 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries: General § 2520.0-5 Definitions. (a) As used in the desert-land laws and the regulations of this subpart: (1...

Glycoprotein D actively induces rapid internalization of two nectin-1 isoforms during herpes simplex virus entry

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stiles, Katie M., E-mail: stileskm@mail.med.upenn.ed; Krummenacher, Claude

2010-03-30

Entry of herpes simplex virus (HSV) occurs either by fusion at the plasma membrane or by endocytosis and fusion with an endosome. Binding of glycoprotein D (gD) to a receptor such as nectin-1 is essential in both cases. We show that virion gD triggered the rapid down-regulation of nectin-1 with kinetics similar to those of virus entry. In contrast, nectin-1 was not constitutively recycled from the surface of uninfected cells. Both the nectin-1alpha and beta isoforms were internalized in response to gD despite having different cytoplasmic tails. However, deletion of the nectin-1 cytoplasmic tail slowed down-regulation of nectin-1 and internalizationmore » of virions. These data suggest that nectin-1 interaction with a cytoplasmic protein is not required for its down-regulation. Overall, this study shows that gD binding actively induces the rapid internalization of various forms of nectin-1. We suggest that HSV activates a nectin-1 internalization pathway to use for endocytic entry.« less

The master Greatwall kinase, a critical regulator of mitosis and meiosis.

PubMed

Vigneron, Suzanne; Robert, Perle; Hached, Khaled; Sundermann, Lena; Charrasse, Sophie; Labbé, Jean-Claude; Castro, Anna; Lorca, Thierry

2016-01-01

Entry into mitosis requires the coordinated activation of various protein kinases and phosphatases that together activate sequential signaling pathways allowing entry, progression and exit of mitosis. The limiting step is thought to be the activation of the mitotic Cdk1-cyclin B kinase. However, this model has recently evolved with new data showing that in addition to the Cdk1-cyclin B complex, Greatwall (Gwl) kinase is also required to enter into and maintain mitosis. This new concept proposes that entry into mitosis is now based on the combined activation of both kinases Cdk1-cyclin B and Gwl, the former promoting massive phosphorylation of mitotic substrates and the latter inhibiting PP2A-B55 phosphatase responsible for dephosphorylation of these substrates. Activated Gwl phosphorylates both Arpp19 and ENSA, which associate and inhibit PP2A-B55. This pathway seems relatively well conserved from yeast to humans, although some differences appear based on models or techniques used. While Gwl is activated by phosphorylation, its inactivation requires dephosphorylation of critical residues. Several phosphatases such as PP1, PP2A-B55 and FCP1 are required to control the dephosphorylation and inactivation of Gwl and a properly regulated mitotic exit. Gwl has also been reported to be involved in cancer processes and DNA damage recovery. These new findings support the idea that the Gwl-Arpp19/ENSA-PP2A-B55 pathway is essential to achieve an efficient division of cells and to maintain genomic stability.

33 CFR 100.718 - Annual Suncoast Kilo Run; Sarasota Bay, Sarasota, FL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... datum: NAD 83. (b) Special local regulations. (1) In accordance with these regulations, the regulated... referenced use datum: NAD 83. (3) Entry into the regulated area shall be in accordance with this regulation...

The Effects of Training on Pre-Service English Teachers' Regulation of Their Study Time

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daloglu, Aysegul; Vural, Seniye

2013-01-01

Based on Zimmerman, Bonner, and Kovach's (1996) academy model, an intervention consisting of seven weekly training sessions to increase students' awareness of and ability to plan and manage their study time was developed. Participant students reflected on the implementation of each phase of the learning model in their weekly journal entries,…

78 FR 75458 - Addition of Certain Persons to the Entity List; Amendment of Entity List Entries; and Removal of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-12-12

... and export control violations involving abuse of human rights. Certain exports, reexports, and... (Control Policy: End-User and End-Use Based) of the EAR. The End-user Review Committee (ERC), composed of... Assets Control regulations and the EAR: Anvik Technologies Sdn. Bhd., Montana Advanced Engineering Sdn...

31 CFR 359.46 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.46 Section 359.46 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... a minimum amount of $25, with additional increments of one cent. Book-entry bonds are sold at par...

31 CFR 359.46 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.46 Section 359.46 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... a minimum amount of $25, with additional increments of one cent. Book-entry bonds are sold at par...

31 CFR 359.46 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.46 Section 359.46 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations... a minimum amount of $25, with additional increments of one cent. Book-entry bonds are sold at par...

31 CFR 357.13 - Obligations of the United States and the Federal Reserve Banks with respect to Book-entry...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the Federal Reserve Banks with respect to Book-entry Securities and security interests. 357.13 Section... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY... (TRADES) § 357.13 Obligations of the United States and the Federal Reserve Banks with respect to Book...

7 CFR 319.55a - Administrative instructions relating to entry of rice straw and rice hulls into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Administrative instructions relating to entry of rice straw and rice hulls into Guam. 319.55a Section 319.55a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Rice Quarantine § 319.55a Administrative instructions relating to entry of rice straw and...

31 CFR 363.22 - Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? 363.22 Section 363.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... TreasuryDirect § 363.22 Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? (a...

31 CFR 363.22 - Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? 363.22 Section 363.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... TreasuryDirect § 363.22 Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? (a...

31 CFR 363.22 - Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? 363.22 Section 363.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... TreasuryDirect § 363.22 Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? (a...

31 CFR 363.22 - Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? 363.22 Section 363.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... Held in TreasuryDirect § 363.22 Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry...

31 CFR 363.22 - Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? 363.22 Section 363.22 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating... TreasuryDirect § 363.22 Who has the right to conduct online transactions in book-entry securities? (a...

31 CFR 315.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... book-entry bonds through New Treasury Direct, an online system for holding Treasury securities. The Web... definitive savings bonds should follow online instructions for conversion. Regulations governing converted...

31 CFR 315.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... book-entry bonds through New Treasury Direct, an online system for holding Treasury securities. The Web... definitive savings bonds should follow online instructions for conversion. Regulations governing converted...

31 CFR 315.3 - Converting definitive savings bonds to book-entry bonds in New Treasury Direct.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... book-entry bonds through New Treasury Direct, an online system for holding Treasury securities. The Web... definitive savings bonds should follow online instructions for conversion. Regulations governing converted...

43 CFR 2650.3 - Lawful entries, lawful settlements, and mining claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lawful entries, lawful settlements, and mining claims. 2650.3 Section 2650.3 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands... mining claims. ...

A nontranscriptional role for Oct4 in the regulation of mitotic entry

PubMed Central

Zhao, Rui; Deibler, Richard W.; Lerou, Paul H.; Ballabeni, Andrea; Heffner, Garrett C.; Cahan, Patrick; Unternaehrer, Juli J.; Kirschner, Marc W.; Daley, George Q.

2014-01-01

Rapid progression through the cell cycle and a very short G1 phase are defining characteristics of embryonic stem cells. This distinct cell cycle is driven by a positive feedback loop involving Rb inactivation and reduced oscillations of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinase (Cdk) activity. In this setting, we inquired how ES cells avoid the potentially deleterious consequences of premature mitotic entry. We found that the pluripotency transcription factor Oct4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) plays an unappreciated role in the ES cell cycle by forming a complex with cyclin–Cdk1 and inhibiting Cdk1 activation. Ectopic expression of Oct4 or a mutant lacking transcriptional activity recapitulated delayed mitotic entry in HeLa cells. Reduction of Oct4 levels in ES cells accelerated G2 progression, which led to increased chromosomal missegregation and apoptosis. Our data demonstrate an unexpected nontranscriptional function of Oct4 in the regulation of mitotic entry. PMID:25324523

Cardiolipin Fatty Acid Remodeling Regulates Mitochondrial Function by Modifying the Electron Entry Point in the Respiratory Chain

PubMed Central

Vergeade, Aurelia; Bertram, Clinton C.; Bikineyeva, Alfiya T.; Zackert, William E.; Zinkel, Sandra S.; May, James M.; Dikalov, Sergey I.; Roberts, L. Jackson; Boutaud, Olivier

2016-01-01

Modifications of cardiolipin (CL) levels or compositions are associated with changes in mitochondrial function in a wide range of pathologies. We have made the discovery that acetaminophen remodels CL fatty acids composition from tetralinoleoyl to linoleoyltrioleoyl-CL, a remodeling that is associated with decreased mitochondrial respiration. Our data show that CL remodeling causes a shift in electron entry from complex II to the β-oxidation electron transfer flavoprotein quinone oxidoreductase (ETF/QOR) pathway. These data demonstrate that electron entry in the respiratory chain is regulated by CL fatty acid composition and provide proof-of-concept that pharmacological intervention can be used to modify CL composition. PMID:27085476

Recommending a minimum English proficiency standard for entry-level nursing.

PubMed

O'Neill, Thomas R; Marks, Casey; Wendt, Anne

2005-01-01

The purpose of this research was to provide sufficient information to the National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN) to make a defensible recommended passing standard for English proficiency. This standard was based upon the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). A large panel of nurses and nurse regulators (N = 25) was convened to determine how much English proficiency is required to be minimally competent as an entry-level nurse. Two standard setting procedures were combined to produce recommendations for each panelist. In conjunction with collateral information, these recommendations were reviewed by the NCSBN Examination Committee, which decided upon an NCSBN recommended standard, a TOEFL score of 220.

31 CFR 359.54 - When is a book-entry Series I savings bonds validly issued?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false When is a book-entry Series I savings bonds validly issued? 359.54 Section 359.54 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money... OF UNITED STATES SAVINGS BONDS, SERIES I Book-Entry Series I Savings Bonds § 359.54 When is a book...

76 FR 3573 - Proposed Addition of New Grape Variety Names for American Wines

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

...The Alcohol and Tobacco Tax and Trade Bureau proposes to amend its regulations by adding a number of new names to the list of grape variety names approved for use in designating American wines. In addition, TTB proposes to include separate entries for synonyms of existing entries so that readers can more readily find them and to correct one existing entry.

76 FR 66862 - Opening of Boquillas Border Crossing and Update to the Class B Port of Entry Description

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-28

... documentary requirements.\\4\\ \\1\\ A port of entry is defined in 19 CFR 101.1 as ``any place designated by... port of entry in 8 CFR 100.4(a) refers to aliens admissible without documents under documentary waivers... Regulations, 8 CFR 212.0, 212.1, and 235.1, pertaining to documentary requirements for nonimmigrants and the...

31 CFR 363.12 - Who may purchase and hold book-entry securities in TreasuryDirect ®?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Who may purchase and hold book-entry securities in TreasuryDirect ®? 363.12 Section 363.12 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to... TreasuryDirect § 363.12 Who may purchase and hold book-entry securities in TreasuryDirect ®? (a) A Treasury...

Risk and markets for ecosystem services.

PubMed

Bendor, Todd K; Riggsbee, J Adam; Doyle, Martin

2011-12-15

Market-based environmental regulations (e.g., cap and trade, "payments for ecosystem services") are increasingly common. However, few detailed studies of operating ecosystem markets have lent understanding to how such policies affect incentive structures for improving environmental quality. The largest U.S. market stems from the Clean Water Act provisions requiring ecosystem restoration to offset aquatic ecosystems damaged during development. We describe and test how variations in the rules governing this ecosystem market shift risk between regulators and entrepreneurs to promote ecological restoration. We analyze extensive national scale data to assess how two critical aspects of market structure - (a) the geographic scale of markets and (b) policies dictating the release of credits - affect the willingness of entrepreneurs to enter specific markets and produce credits. We find no discernible relationship between policies attempting to ease market entry and either the number of individual producers or total credits produced. Rather, market entry is primarily related to regional geography (the prevalence of aquatic ecosystems) and regional economic growth. Any improvements to policies governing ecosystem markets require explicit evaluation of the interplay between policy and risk elements affecting both regulators and entrepreneurial credit providers. Our findings extend to emerging, regulated ecosystem markets, including proposed carbon offset mechanisms, biodiversity banking, and water quality trading programs.

Mosquito Cellular Factors and Functions in Mediating the Infectious entry of Chikungunya Virus

PubMed Central

Lee, Regina Ching Hua; Hapuarachchi, Hapuarachchige Chanditha; Chen, Karen Caiyun; Hussain, Khairunnisa' Mohamed; Chen, Huixin; Low, Swee Ling; Ng, Lee Ching; Lin, Raymond; Ng, Mary Mah-Lee; Chu, Justin Jang Hann

2013-01-01

Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an arthropod-borne virus responsible for recent epidemics in the Asia Pacific regions. A customized gene expression microarray of 18,760 transcripts known to target Aedes mosquito genome was used to identify host genes that are differentially regulated during the infectious entry process of CHIKV infection on C6/36 mosquito cells. Several genes such as epsin I (EPN1), epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15 (EPS15) and Huntingtin interacting protein I (HIP1) were identified to be differentially expressed during CHIKV infection and known to be involved in clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME). Transmission electron microscopy analyses further revealed the presence of CHIKV particles within invaginations of the plasma membrane, resembling clathrin-coated pits. Characterization of vesicles involved in the endocytic trafficking processes of CHIKV revealed the translocation of the virus particles to the early endosomes and subsequently to the late endosomes and lysosomes. Treatment with receptor-mediated endocytosis inhibitor, monodansylcadaverine and clathrin-associated drug inhibitors, chlorpromazine and dynasore inhibited CHIKV entry, whereas no inhibition was observed with caveolin-related drug inhibitors. Inhibition of CHIKV entry upon treatment with low-endosomal pH inhibitors indicated that low pH is essential for viral entry processes. CHIKV entry by clathrin-mediated endocytosis was validated via overexpression of a dominant-negative mutant of Eps15, in which infectious entry was reduced, while siRNA-based knockdown of genes associated with CME, low endosomal pH and RAB trafficking proteins exhibited significant levels of CHIKV inhibition. This study revealed, for the first time, that the infectious entry of CHIKV into mosquito cells is mediated by the clathrin-dependent endocytic pathway. PMID:23409203

A Secure Base from Which to Regulate: Attachment Security in Toddlerhood as a Predictor of Executive Functioning at School Entry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bernier, Annie; Beauchamp, Miriam H.; Carlson, Stephanie M.; Lalonde, Gabrielle

2015-01-01

In light of emerging evidence suggesting that the affective quality of parent-child relationships may relate to individual differences in young children's executive functioning (EF) skills, the aim of this study was to investigate the prospective associations between attachment security in toddlerhood and children's EF skills in kindergarten.…

Regulation of Mih1/Cdc25 by protein phosphatase 2A and casein kinase 1

PubMed Central

Pal, Gayatri; Paraz, Maria T.Z.; Kellogg, Douglas R.

2008-01-01

The Cdc25 phosphatase promotes entry into mitosis by removing cyclin-dependent kinase 1 (Cdk1) inhibitory phosphorylation. Previous work suggested that Cdc25 is activated by Cdk1 in a positive feedback loop promoting entry into mitosis; however, it has remained unclear how the feedback loop is initiated. To learn more about the mechanisms that regulate entry into mitosis, we have characterized the function and regulation of Mih1, the budding yeast homologue of Cdc25. We found that Mih1 is hyperphosphorylated early in the cell cycle and is dephosphorylated as cells enter mitosis. Casein kinase 1 is responsible for most of the hyperphosphorylation of Mih1, whereas protein phosphatase 2A associated with Cdc55 dephosphorylates Mih1. Cdk1 appears to directly phosphorylate Mih1 and is required for initiation of Mih1 dephosphorylation as cells enter mitosis. Collectively, these observations suggest that Mih1 regulation is achieved by a balance of opposing kinase and phosphatase activities. Because casein kinase 1 is associated with sites of polar growth, it may regulate Mih1 as part of a signaling mechanism that links successful completion of growth-related events to cell cycle progression. PMID:18316413

19 CFR 122.43 - General declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., unless the information is given in some other manner under subpart E of this part. ... Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for...

31 CFR 363.83 - May an account owner transfer a book-entry savings bond to a minor?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...-entry savings bond to a minor? 363.83 Section 363.83 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to...Direct General § 363.83 May an account owner transfer a book-entry savings bond to a minor? An account owner may transfer a bond to a minor as a gift or pursuant to one of the specified exceptions in § 363...

A role for the circadian clock protein Per1 in the regulation of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC) and the with-no-lysine kinase (WNK) cascade in mouse distal convoluted tubule cells.

PubMed

Richards, Jacob; Ko, Benjamin; All, Sean; Cheng, Kit-Yan; Hoover, Robert S; Gumz, Michelle L

2014-04-25

It has been well established that blood pressure and renal function undergo circadian fluctuations. We have demonstrated that the circadian protein Per1 regulates multiple genes involved in sodium transport in the collecting duct of the kidney. However, the role of Per1 in other parts of the nephron has not been investigated. The distal convoluted tubule (DCT) plays a critical role in renal sodium reabsorption. Sodium is reabsorbed in this segment through the actions of the NaCl co-transporter (NCC), which is regulated by the with-no-lysine kinases (WNKs). The goal of this study was to test if Per1 regulates sodium transport in the DCT through modulation of NCC and the WNK kinases, WNK1 and WNK4. Pharmacological blockade of nuclear Per1 entry resulted in decreased mRNA expression of NCC and WNK1 but increased expression of WNK4 in the renal cortex of mice. These findings were confirmed by using Per1 siRNA and pharmacological blockade of Per1 nuclear entry in mDCT15 cells, a model of the mouse distal convoluted tubule. Transcriptional regulation was demonstrated by changes in short lived heterogeneous nuclear RNA. Chromatin immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated interaction of Per1 and CLOCK with the promoters of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4. This interaction was modulated by blockade of Per1 nuclear entry. Importantly, NCC protein expression and NCC activity, as measured by thiazide-sensitive, chloride-dependent (22)Na uptake, were decreased upon pharmacological inhibition of Per1 nuclear entry. Taken together, these data demonstrate a role for Per1 in the transcriptional regulation of NCC, WNK1, and WNK4.

Texting while driving: is speech-based text entry less risky than handheld text entry?

PubMed

He, J; Chaparro, A; Nguyen, B; Burge, R J; Crandall, J; Chaparro, B; Ni, R; Cao, S

2014-11-01

Research indicates that using a cell phone to talk or text while maneuvering a vehicle impairs driving performance. However, few published studies directly compare the distracting effects of texting using a hands-free (i.e., speech-based interface) versus handheld cell phone, which is an important issue for legislation, automotive interface design and driving safety training. This study compared the effect of speech-based versus handheld text entries on simulated driving performance by asking participants to perform a car following task while controlling the duration of a secondary text-entry task. Results showed that both speech-based and handheld text entries impaired driving performance relative to the drive-only condition by causing more variation in speed and lane position. Handheld text entry also increased the brake response time and increased variation in headway distance. Text entry using a speech-based cell phone was less detrimental to driving performance than handheld text entry. Nevertheless, the speech-based text entry task still significantly impaired driving compared to the drive-only condition. These results suggest that speech-based text entry disrupts driving, but reduces the level of performance interference compared to text entry with a handheld device. In addition, the difference in the distraction effect caused by speech-based and handheld text entry is not simply due to the difference in task duration. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Do cost-sharing and entry deregulation curb pharmaceutical innovation?

PubMed

Grossmann, Volker

2013-09-01

This paper examines the role of both cost-sharing schemes in health insurance systems and the regulation of entry into the pharmaceutical sector for pharmaceutical R&D expenditure and drug prices. The analysis suggests that both an increase in the coinsurance rate and stricter price regulations adversely affect R&D spending in the pharmaceutical sector. In contrast, entry deregulation may lead to higher R&D spending of pharmaceutical companies. The relationship between R&D spending per firm and the number of firms may be hump-shaped. In this case, the number of rivals which maximizes R&D expenditure per firm is decreasing in the coinsurance rate and increasing in labor productivity. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

7 CFR 322.20 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.20 Section 322.20 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of Restricted...

75 FR 54363 - BOEMRE Information Collection Activity: 1010-0142, Decommissioning Activities, Extension of a...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-09-07

... report on plans 2.5 92 reports 230 for re-entry to complete or permanently abandon the well and... to BOEMRE by any of the means below. Electronically: go to http://www.regulations.gov . In the entry...

32 CFR 525.3 - Criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.3 Criteria. (a) General. (1) Entry authorizations may... efficiency, capability or effectiveness of any military installation located within Kwajalein Missile Range... area entirely within the borders of Kwajalein Missile Range is not authorized except when such entry...

32 CFR 525.3 - Criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.3 Criteria. (a) General. (1) Entry authorizations may... efficiency, capability or effectiveness of any military installation located within Kwajalein Missile Range... area entirely within the borders of Kwajalein Missile Range is not authorized except when such entry...

32 CFR 525.3 - Criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.3 Criteria. (a) General. (1) Entry authorizations may... efficiency, capability or effectiveness of any military installation located within Kwajalein Missile Range... area entirely within the borders of Kwajalein Missile Range is not authorized except when such entry...

32 CFR 525.3 - Criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.3 Criteria. (a) General. (1) Entry authorizations may... efficiency, capability or effectiveness of any military installation located within Kwajalein Missile Range... area entirely within the borders of Kwajalein Missile Range is not authorized except when such entry...

32 CFR 525.3 - Criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.3 Criteria. (a) General. (1) Entry authorizations may... efficiency, capability or effectiveness of any military installation located within Kwajalein Missile Range... area entirely within the borders of Kwajalein Missile Range is not authorized except when such entry...

Quantitative membrane proteomics reveals a role for tetraspanin enriched microdomains during entry of human cytomegalovirus

PubMed Central

John, Nessy; Malouli, Daniel

2017-01-01

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) depends on and modulates multiple host cell membrane proteins during each stage of the viral life cycle. To gain a global view of the impact of HCMV-infection on membrane proteins, we analyzed HCMV-induced changes in the abundance of membrane proteins in fibroblasts using stable isotope labeling with amino acids (SILAC), membrane fractionation and protein identification by two-dimensional liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. This systematic approach revealed that CD81, CD44, CD98, caveolin-1 and catenin delta-1 were down-regulated during infection whereas GRP-78 was up-regulated. Since CD81 downregulation was also observed during infection with UV-inactivated virus we hypothesized that this tetraspanin is part of the viral entry process. Interestingly, additional members of the tetraspanin family, CD9 and CD151, were also downregulated during HCMV-entry. Since tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TEM) cluster host cell membrane proteins including known CMV receptors such as integrins, we studied whether TEMs are required for viral entry. When TEMs were disrupted with the cholesterol chelator methyl-β-cylcodextrin, viral entry was inhibited and this inhibition correlated with reduced surface levels of CD81, CD9 and CD151, whereas integrin levels remained unchanged. Furthermore, simultaneous siRNA-mediated knockdown of multiple tetraspanins inhibited viral entry whereas individual knockdown had little effect suggesting essential, but redundant roles for individual tetraspanins during entry. Taken together, our data suggest that TEM act as platforms for receptors utilized by HCMV for entry into cells. PMID:29121670

31 CFR 357.31 - Certifying individuals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY... DIRECT Legacy Treasury Direct Book-Entry Securities System (Legacy Treasury Direct) § 357.31 Certifying... has placed an endorsement on the form reading substantially as follows: “Absence of signature by owner...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.19 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.19 Section 322.19 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation of...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.35 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Ports of entry. 322.35 Section 322.35 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and Transit of...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

7 CFR 322.34 - Inspection; refusal of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Inspection; refusal of entry. 322.34 Section 322.34 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEES, BEEKEEPING BYPRODUCTS, AND BEEKEEPING EQUIPMENT Importation and...

19 CFR 122.45 - Crew list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Crew list. 122.45 Section 122.45 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for Passengers...

19 CFR 122.49d - Passenger Name Record (PNR) information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest... request, provide Customs with electronic access to certain Passenger Name Record (PNR) information, as... access to requested PNR information, each air carrier must ensure that its electronic reservation...

31 CFR 363.83 - May an account owner transfer a book-entry savings bond to a minor?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Book-Entry Savings Bonds Purchased Through Treasury... owner may transfer a bond to a minor as a gift or pursuant to one of the specified exceptions in § 363...

12 CFR 1511.0 - Applicability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 12 Banks and Banking 7 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applicability. 1511.0 Section 1511.0 Banks and Banking DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY RESOLUTION FUNDING CORPORATION BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURE § 1511.0 Applicability. The regulations in this part apply to Book-entry Funding Corporation Securities. ...

Disentangling Regulatory Policy: The Effects of State Regulations on Trucking Rates

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1995-11-01

Study attempts to estimate the independent effect on transportation prices from different types of economic regulations: rate regulations, entry restrictions and the providion of antitrust immunity for decisions made jointly by competitors. The study...

Implementation of home-based medication order entry at a community hospital.

PubMed

Thorne, Alicia; Williamson, Sarah; Jellison, Tara; Jellison, Chris

2009-11-01

The implementation of a home-based order-entry program at a community hospital is described. Parkview Hospital is a 600-bed, community-based facility located in Fort Wayne, Indiana, that provides 24-hour pharmacy services. The main purpose for establishing a home-based order-entry program was to provide extra pharmacist coverage during the event of a spontaneous order surge in an effort to maintain excellent customer service. A virtual private network (VPN) was created to ensure the security and confidentiality of patients' health care information. The names of volunteer pharmacists who met specific criteria and who were capable of performing home-based order entry were collected. These pharmacists were trained and tested in the home-based order-entry process. When home-based order-entry is needed, the lead pharmacist contacts the pharmacists on the list by telephone. If available, the pharmacists (maximum of three) are notified to log into the Internet, access the VPN, and perform order entry with the same vigilance, confidentiality, and care as they would onsite. Home-based order entry is discontinued when off-trigger points are met. Pharmacists entering orders from home are paid by the time spent conducting order entry. Pharmacists reported that the program was easy to contact home-based order-entry volunteers, there were no problems with logging into the VPNs, and turnaround time was close to our target of 25 minutes. A community-based hospital successfully implemented a home-based medication order-entry program. The program alleviated the shortage of pharmacists during spontaneous surges of medication orders.

76 FR 23872 - Editorial Corrections to the Export Administration Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-29

... No. 100709293-1073-01] RIN 0694-AE96 Editorial Corrections to the Export Administration Regulations... Administration Regulations (EAR). In particular, this rule corrects the country entry for Syria on the Commerce... the Export Administration Regulations (EAR), including several Export Control Classification Number...

15 CFR 301.7 - Final disposition of an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.7 Final disposition of an application... not been advised of the port of entry of the instrument, or if entry has not been made when the...

15 CFR 301.7 - Final disposition of an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.7 Final disposition of an application... not been advised of the port of entry of the instrument, or if entry has not been made when the...

15 CFR 301.7 - Final disposition of an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.7 Final disposition of an application... not been advised of the port of entry of the instrument, or if entry has not been made when the...

15 CFR 301.7 - Final disposition of an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.7 Final disposition of an application... not been advised of the port of entry of the instrument, or if entry has not been made when the...

15 CFR 301.7 - Final disposition of an application.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... (Continued) INTERNATIONAL TRADE ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE MISCELLANEOUS REGULATIONS INSTRUMENTS AND APPARATUS FOR EDUCATIONAL AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS § 301.7 Final disposition of an application... not been advised of the port of entry of the instrument, or if entry has not been made when the...

43 CFR 2524.2 - Annual proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Annual proof. 2524.2 Section 2524.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a...

43 CFR 2524.2 - Annual proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Annual proof. 2524.2 Section 2524.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a...

43 CFR 2524.2 - Annual proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Annual proof. 2524.2 Section 2524.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a...

43 CFR 2524.2 - Annual proof.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Annual proof. 2524.2 Section 2524.2 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to Public Lands (Continued) BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR LAND RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a...

19 CFR 122.44 - Crew baggage declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Crew baggage declaration. 122.44 Section 122.44 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for...

19 CFR 122.46 - Crew purchase list.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Crew purchase list. 122.46 Section 122.46 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for...

Reduced Cellular Mg2+ Content Enhances Hexose 6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Activity and Expression in HepG2 and HL-60 Cells

PubMed Central

Voma, Chesinta; Barfell, Andrew; Croniger, Colleen; Romani, Andrea

2014-01-01

We have reported that Mg2+ dynamically regulates glucose 6-phosphate entry into the endoplasmic reticulum and its hydrolysis by the glucose 6-phosphatase in liver cells. In the present study, we report that by modulating glucose 6-phosphate entry into the endoplasmic reticulum of HepG2 cells, Mg2+ also regulates the oxidation of this substrate via hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase (H6PD). This regulatory effect is dynamic as glucose 6-phosphate entry and oxidation can be rapidly down-regulated by the addition of exogenous Mg2+. In addition, HepG2 cells growing in low Mg2+ show a marked increase in hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase mRNA and protein expression. Metabolically, these effects on hexose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase are important as this enzyme increases intra-reticular NADPH production, which favors fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. Similar effects of Mg2+ were observed in HL-60 cells. These and previously published results suggest that in an hepatocyte culture model changes in cytoplasmic Mg2+ content regulates glucose 6-phosphate utilization via glucose 6 phosphatase and hexose-6 phosphate dehydrogenase in alternative to glycolysis and glycogen synthesis. This alternative regulation might be of relevance in the transition from fed to fasted state. PMID:24631573

COMPARISON OF SELECTED LOWER EXPLOSIVE LIMIT METERS USED BY USAF AND COMMERCIAL JET FUEL TANK ENTRY PERSONNEL

EPA Science Inventory

Thousands of military personnel and tens of thousands of civilian workers perform tank entry procedures. OSHA regulations (1910.146) require the internal atmosphere be tested, with a calibrated direct-reading instrument, for oxygen content, flammable gases and vapors, and poten...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Importation of Devices Capable of Causing Harmful... Customs has not been implemented, use FCC Form 740 to provide the needed information and declarations. Attach a copy of the completed FCC Form 740 to the Customs entry papers. (b)(1) For points of entry where...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Importation of Devices Capable of Causing Harmful... Customs has not been implemented, use FCC Form 740 to provide the needed information and declarations. Attach a copy of the completed FCC Form 740 to the Customs entry papers. (b)(1) For points of entry where...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Importation of Devices Capable of Causing Harmful... Customs has not been implemented, use FCC Form 740 to provide the needed information and declarations. Attach a copy of the completed FCC Form 740 to the Customs entry papers. (b)(1) For points of entry where...

47 CFR 2.1205 - Filing of required declaration.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... TREATY MATTERS; GENERAL RULES AND REGULATIONS Importation of Devices Capable of Causing Harmful... Customs has not been implemented, use FCC Form 740 to provide the needed information and declarations. Attach a copy of the completed FCC Form 740 to the Customs entry papers. (b)(1) For points of entry where...

19 CFR 122.48 - Air cargo manifest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Air cargo manifest. 122.48 Section 122.48 Customs... AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for..., and Overflying the United States § 122.48 Air cargo manifest. (a) When required. Except as provided in...

19 CFR 122.48 - Air cargo manifest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Air cargo manifest. 122.48 Section 122.48 Customs... AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for..., and Overflying the United States § 122.48 Air cargo manifest. (a) When required. Except as provided in...

19 CFR 122.48 - Air cargo manifest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Air cargo manifest. 122.48 Section 122.48 Customs... AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for..., and Overflying the United States § 122.48 Air cargo manifest. (a) When required. Except as provided in...

19 CFR 122.48 - Air cargo manifest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Air cargo manifest. 122.48 Section 122.48 Customs... AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for..., and Overflying the United States § 122.48 Air cargo manifest. (a) When required. Except as provided in...

40 CFR 141.100 - Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... water systems using point-of-entry devices. 141.100 Section 141.100 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER... meet all national primary drinking water regulations and would be of acceptable quality similar to...

19 CFR 122.41 - Aircraft required to enter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Aircraft required to enter. 122.41 Section 122.41 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for...

9 CFR 381.199 - Inspection of poultry products offered for entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Inspection of poultry products offered for entry. 381.199 Section 381.199 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE...

7 CFR 319.8-26 - Material refused entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Plant Protection Act (7 U.S.C. 7714 and 7731). Neither the Department of Agriculture nor the inspector... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Material refused entry. 319.8-26 Section 319.8-26 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION...

19 CFR 122.12 - Operation of international airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Operation of international airports. 122.12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Classes of Airports § 122.12 Operation of international airports. (a) Entry, clearance and charges. International airports are open to all aircraft for entry and...

19 CFR 122.12 - Operation of international airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Operation of international airports. 122.12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Classes of Airports § 122.12 Operation of international airports. (a) Entry, clearance and charges. International airports are open to all aircraft for entry and...

19 CFR 122.12 - Operation of international airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Operation of international airports. 122.12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Classes of Airports § 122.12 Operation of international airports. (a) Entry, clearance and charges. International airports are open to all aircraft for entry and...

19 CFR 122.12 - Operation of international airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Operation of international airports. 122.12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Classes of Airports § 122.12 Operation of international airports. (a) Entry, clearance and charges. International airports are open to all aircraft for entry and...

19 CFR 122.12 - Operation of international airports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Operation of international airports. 122.12...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Classes of Airports § 122.12 Operation of international airports. (a) Entry, clearance and charges. International airports are open to all aircraft for entry and...

77 FR 7930 - Improving Government Regulations; Unified Agenda of Federal Regulatory and Deregulatory Actions

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-13

... the Regulatory Flexibility Act (5 U.S.C. 602), the Department of Defense's printed agenda entries... section 610 of the Regulatory Flexibility Act. Printing of these entries is limited to fields that contain...D Intelligence Interrogations, Detainee Debriefings, and Tactical Questioning. This rule only...

Regulation of CD4 Receptor and HIV-1 Entry by MicroRNAs-221 and -222 during Differentiation of THP-1 Cells.

PubMed

Lodge, Robert; Gilmore, Julian C; Ferreira Barbosa, Jérémy A; Lombard-Vadnais, Félix; Cohen, Éric A

2017-12-30

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection of monocyte/macrophages is modulated by the levels of entry receptors cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), as well as by host antiviral restriction factors, which mediate several post-entry blocks. We recently identified two microRNAs, miR-221 and miR-222, which limit HIV-1 entry during infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by down-regulating CD4 expression. Interestingly, CD4 is also down-regulated during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. In this study, we compared microRNA expression profiles in primary monocytes and macrophages by RNAseq and found that miR-221/miR-222 are enhanced in macrophages. We took advantage of the monocytic THP-1 cell line that, once differentiated, is poorly susceptible to HIV-1. Accordingly, we found that CD4 levels are very low in THP-1 differentiated cells and that this down-regulation of the virus receptor is the result of miR-221/miR-222 up-regulation during differentiation. We thus established a THP-1 cell line stably expressing a modified CD4 (THP-1-CD4 R ) that is not modulated by miR-221/miR-222. We show that in contrast to parental THP-1, this line is productively infected by HIV-1 following differentiation, sustaining efficient HIV-1 CD4-dependent replication and spread. This new THP-1-CD4 R cell line represents a useful tool for the study of HIV-1-macrophage interactions particularly in contexts where spreading of viral infection is necessary.

Regulation of CD4 Receptor and HIV-1 Entry by MicroRNAs-221 and -222 during Differentiation of THP-1 Cells

PubMed Central

Gilmore, Julian C.; Ferreira Barbosa, Jérémy A.; Lombard-Vadnais, Félix

2017-01-01

Human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) infection of monocyte/macrophages is modulated by the levels of entry receptors cluster of differentiation 4 (CD4) and C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5), as well as by host antiviral restriction factors, which mediate several post-entry blocks. We recently identified two microRNAs, miR-221 and miR-222, which limit HIV-1 entry during infection of monocyte-derived macrophages (MDMs) by down-regulating CD4 expression. Interestingly, CD4 is also down-regulated during the differentiation of monocytes into macrophages. In this study, we compared microRNA expression profiles in primary monocytes and macrophages by RNAseq and found that miR-221/miR-222 are enhanced in macrophages. We took advantage of the monocytic THP-1 cell line that, once differentiated, is poorly susceptible to HIV-1. Accordingly, we found that CD4 levels are very low in THP-1 differentiated cells and that this down-regulation of the virus receptor is the result of miR-221/miR-222 up-regulation during differentiation. We thus established a THP-1 cell line stably expressing a modified CD4 (THP-1-CD4R) that is not modulated by miR-221/miR-222. We show that in contrast to parental THP-1, this line is productively infected by HIV-1 following differentiation, sustaining efficient HIV-1 CD4-dependent replication and spread. This new THP-1-CD4R cell line represents a useful tool for the study of HIV-1-macrophage interactions particularly in contexts where spreading of viral infection is necessary. PMID:29301198

Mediator can regulate mitotic entry and direct periodic transcription in fission yeast.

PubMed

Banyai, Gabor; Lopez, Marcela Davila; Szilagyi, Zsolt; Gustafsson, Claes M

2014-11-01

Cdk8 is required for correct timing of mitotic progression in fission yeast. How the activity of Cdk8 is regulated is unclear, since the kinase is not activated by T-loop phosphorylation and its partner, CycC, does not oscillate. Cdk8 is, however, a component of the multiprotein Mediator complex, a conserved coregulator of eukaryotic transcription that is connected to a number of intracellular signaling pathways. We demonstrate here that other Mediator components regulate the activity of Cdk8 in vivo and thereby direct the timing of mitotic entry. Deletion of Mediator components Med12 and Med13 leads to higher cellular Cdk8 protein levels, premature phosphorylation of the Cdk8 target Fkh2, and earlier entry into mitosis. We also demonstrate that Mediator is recruited to clusters of mitotic genes in a periodic fashion and that the complex is required for the transcription of these genes. We suggest that Mediator functions as a hub for coordinated regulation of mitotic progression and cell cycle-dependent transcription. The many signaling pathways and activator proteins shown to function via Mediator may influence the timing of these cell cycle events. Copyright © 2014, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Masters or slaves? Vesicle release machinery and the regulation of presynaptic calcium channels.

PubMed

Jarvis, Scott E; Zamponi, Gerald W

2005-05-01

Calcium entry through presynaptic voltage-gated calcium channels is essential for neurotransmitter release. The two major types of presynaptic calcium channels contain a synaptic protein interaction site that physically interacts with synaptic vesicle release proteins. This is thought to tighten the coupling between the sources of calcium entry and the neurotransmitter release machinery. Conversely, the binding of synaptic proteins to presynaptic calcium channels regulates calcium channel activity. Hence, presynaptic calcium channels act not only as the masters of the synaptic release process, but also as key targets for feedback inhibition.

HormoneBase, a population-level database of steroid hormone levels across vertebrates

PubMed Central

Vitousek, Maren N.; Johnson, Michele A.; Donald, Jeremy W.; Francis, Clinton D.; Fuxjager, Matthew J.; Goymann, Wolfgang; Hau, Michaela; Husak, Jerry F.; Kircher, Bonnie K.; Knapp, Rosemary; Martin, Lynn B.; Miller, Eliot T.; Schoenle, Laura A.; Uehling, Jennifer J.; Williams, Tony D.

2018-01-01

Hormones are central regulators of organismal function and flexibility that mediate a diversity of phenotypic traits from early development through senescence. Yet despite these important roles, basic questions about how and why hormone systems vary within and across species remain unanswered. Here we describe HormoneBase, a database of circulating steroid hormone levels and their variation across vertebrates. This database aims to provide all available data on the mean, variation, and range of plasma glucocorticoids (both baseline and stress-induced) and androgens in free-living and un-manipulated adult vertebrates. HormoneBase (www.HormoneBase.org) currently includes >6,580 entries from 476 species, reported in 648 publications from 1967 to 2015, and unpublished datasets. Entries are associated with data on the species and population, sex, year and month of study, geographic coordinates, life history stage, method and latency of hormone sampling, and analysis technique. This novel resource could be used for analyses of the function and evolution of hormone systems, and the relationships between hormonal variation and a variety of processes including phenotypic variation, fitness, and species distributions. PMID:29786693

50 CFR 26.33 - Special regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Special regulations. 26.33 Section 26.33... NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PUBLIC ENTRY AND USE Public Use and Recreation § 26.33 Special regulations. (a) Special regulations shall be issued for public use, access, and recreation within certain...

50 CFR 26.33 - Special regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Special regulations. 26.33 Section 26.33... NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PUBLIC ENTRY AND USE Public Use and Recreation § 26.33 Special regulations. (a) Special regulations shall be issued for public use, access, and recreation within certain...

31 CFR 354.8 - Waiver of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY SECURITIES OF THE... of unnecessary hardship, if such action is not inconsistent with law, does not adversely affect...

Molecular time-course and the metabolic basis of entry into dauer in Caenorhabditis elegans.

PubMed

Jeong, Pan-Young; Kwon, Min-Seok; Joo, Hyoe-Jin; Paik, Young-Ki

2009-01-01

When Caenorhabditis elegans senses dauer pheromone (daumone), signaling inadequate growth conditions, it enters the dauer state, which is capable of long-term survival. However, the molecular pathway of dauer entry in C. elegans has remained elusive. To systematically monitor changes in gene expression in dauer paths, we used a DNA microarray containing 22,625 gene probes corresponding to 22,150 unique genes from C. elegans. We employed two different paths: direct exposure to daumone (Path 1) and normal growth media plus liquid culture (Path 2). Our data reveal that entry into dauer is accomplished through the multi-step process, which appears to be compartmentalized in time and according to metabolic flux. That is, a time-course of dauer entry in Path 1 shows that dauer larvae formation begins at post-embryonic stage S4 (48 h) and is complete at S6 (72 h). Our results also suggest the presence of a unique adaptive metabolic control mechanism that requires both stage-specific expression of specific genes and tight regulation of different modes of fuel metabolite utilization to sustain the energy balance in the context of prolonged survival under adverse growth conditions. It is apparent that worms entering dauer stage may rely heavily on carbohydrate-based energy reserves, whereas dauer larvae utilize fat or glyoxylate cycle-based energy sources. We created a comprehensive web-based dauer metabolic database for C. elegans (www.DauerDB.org) that makes it possible to search any gene and compare its relative expression at a specific stage, or evaluate overall patterns of gene expression in both paths. This database can be accessed by the research community and could be widely applicable to other related nematodes as a molecular atlas.

31 CFR 594.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 594.505 Section 594.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

31 CFR 594.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 594.505 Section 594.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY GLOBAL...

31 CFR 370.21 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.21 Section 370.21 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 370.21 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.21 Section 370.21 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE FISCAL SERVICE...

31 CFR 370.8 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.8 Section 370.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE FISCAL SERVICE...

31 CFR 370.8 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.8 Section 370.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 370.21 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.21 Section 370.21 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 370.8 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.8 Section 370.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 370.21 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.21 Section 370.21 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 370.8 - Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Are there any requirements related to a prenotification entry? 370.8 Section 370.8 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

19 CFR 122.49c - Master crew member list and master non-crew member list requirement for commercial aircraft...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents; Electronic Manifest Requirements for Passengers, Crew Members, and Non-Crew Members Onboard... sections, must electronically transmit to Customs and Border Protection (CBP), by means of an electronic...

76 FR 79054 - The Commerce Control List

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-21

... DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE Bureau of Industry and Security 15 CFR Part 774 The Commerce Control List CFR Correction 0 In Title 15 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 300 to 799, revised as of... entry in the table under Reasons for control for NS Column 1 and adding an entry following the remaining...

8 CFR 289.3 - Recording the entry of certain American Indians born in Canada.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Indians born in Canada. 289.3 Section 289.3 Aliens and Nationality DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY IMMIGRATION REGULATIONS AMERICAN INDIANS BORN IN CANADA § 289.3 Recording the entry of certain American Indians born in Canada. The lawful admission for permanent residence of an American Indian born in Canada...

78 FR 12132 - 60-Day Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Electronic Diversity Visa Entry Form

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-21

...: Electronic Diversity Visa Entry Form ACTION: Notice of request for public comment. SUMMARY: The Department of... page. Email: [email protected] . Mail: Chief, Legislation and Regulations Division, Visa... Taylor, Visa Services, U.S. Department of State, 2401 E Street NW., L-603, Washington, DC 20522, who may...

31 CFR 510.505 - Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Entries in certain accounts for normal service charges authorized. 510.505 Section 510.505 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) OFFICE OF FOREIGN ASSETS CONTROL, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY NORTH KOREA...

9 CFR 381.205 - Labeling of immediate containers of poultry products offered for entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PRODUCTS INSPECTION AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Labeling of immediate containers of poultry products offered for entry. 381.205 Section 381.205 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND...

9 CFR 381.200 - Poultry products offered for entry, retention in customs custody; delivery under bond; movement...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Poultry products offered for entry... assistance. 381.200 Section 381.200 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE...

9 CFR 381.202 - Poultry products offered for entry; reporting of findings to customs; handling of articles...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Poultry products offered for entry... procedures. 381.202 Section 381.202 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND INSPECTION SERVICE...

9 CFR 381.206 - Labeling of shipping containers of poultry products offered for entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... PRODUCTS INSPECTION AND VOLUNTARY INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Labeling of shipping containers of poultry products offered for entry. 381.206 Section 381.206 Animals and Animal Products FOOD SAFETY AND...

19 CFR 122.153 - Limitations on airport of entry or departure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Limitations on airport of entry or departure. 122...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Flights to and From Cuba § 122.153 Limitations on airport..., the Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida; the John F. Kennedy International Airport, Jamaica...

19 CFR 122.153 - Limitations on airport of entry or departure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Limitations on airport of entry or departure. 122...; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Flights to and From Cuba § 122.153 Limitations on airport..., the Miami International Airport, Miami, Florida; the John F. Kennedy International Airport, Jamaica...

School Entrance Recommendation: A Question of Age or Development?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Horstschräer, Julia; Muehler, Grit

2014-01-01

Fixed cutoff dates regulating school entry create disadvantages for children who are young relative to their classmates. Early and late school enrollment, though, might mitigate these disadvantages. In this paper, we analyze in a first step which factors determine school entry, if entrance screenings allow for early and late enrollment. Second, we…

31 CFR 357.41 - Waiver of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY... relieve any person(s) of unnecessary hardship, if such action is not inconsistent with law, does not...

Canonical Transient Receptor Potential Channel 2 (TRPC2) as a Major Regulator of Calcium Homeostasis in Rat Thyroid FRTL-5 Cells

PubMed Central

Sukumaran, Pramod; Löf, Christoffer; Kemppainen, Kati; Kankaanpää, Pasi; Pulli, Ilari; Näsman, Johnny; Viitanen, Tero; Törnquist, Kid

2012-01-01

Mammalian non-selective transient receptor potential cation channels (TRPCs) are important in the regulation of cellular calcium homeostasis. In thyroid cells, including rat thyroid FRTL-5 cells, calcium regulates a multitude of processes. RT-PCR screening of FRTL-5 cells revealed the presence of TRPC2 channels only. Knockdown of TRPC2 using shRNA (shTRPC2) resulted in decreased ATP-evoked calcium peak amplitude and inward current. In calcium-free buffer, there was no difference in the ATP-evoked calcium peak amplitude between control cells and shTRPC2 cells. Store-operated calcium entry was indistinguishable between the two cell lines. Basal calcium entry was enhanced in shTRPC2 cells, whereas the level of PKCβ1 and PKCδ, the activity of sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase, and the calcium content in the endoplasmic reticulum were decreased. Stromal interaction molecule (STIM) 2, but not STIM1, was arranged in puncta in resting shTRPC2 cells but not in control cells. Phosphorylation site Orai1 S27A/S30A mutant and non-functional Orai1 R91W attenuated basal calcium entry in shTRPC2 cells. Knockdown of PKCδ with siRNA increased STIM2 punctum formation and enhanced basal calcium entry but decreased sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+-ATPase activity in wild-type cells. Transfection of a truncated, non-conducting mutant of TRPC2 evoked similar results. Thus, TRPC2 functions as a major regulator of calcium homeostasis in rat thyroid cells. PMID:23144458

A linear quadratic regulator approach to the stabilization of uncertain linear systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shieh, L. S.; Sunkel, J. W.; Wang, Y. J.

1990-01-01

This paper presents a linear quadratic regulator approach to the stabilization of uncertain linear systems. The uncertain systems under consideration are described by state equations with the presence of time-varying unknown-but-bounded uncertainty matrices. The method is based on linear quadratic regulator (LQR) theory and Liapunov stability theory. The robust stabilizing control law for a given uncertain system can be easily constructed from the symmetric positive-definite solution of the associated augmented Riccati equation. The proposed approach can be applied to matched and/or mismatched systems with uncertainty matrices in which only their matrix norms are bounded by some prescribed values and/or their entries are bounded by some prescribed constraint sets. Several numerical examples are presented to illustrate the results.

Risk mitigation measures for diffuse pesticide entry into aquatic ecosystems: proposal of a guide to identify appropriate measures on a catchment scale.

PubMed

Bereswill, Renja; Streloke, Martin; Schulz, Ralf

2014-04-01

Measures to mitigate the risk of pesticide entry into aquatic ecosystems are becoming increasingly more important in the management of hot spots of pesticide transfer; such management, for example, is required by the European Union's directive for the sustainable use of pesticides (2009/128/EC). Measures beyond those currently stipulated for pesticide product authorization may be needed. A concise compilation of the appropriate measures for users (that are primarily farmers but also, e.g., regulators and farm extension services) and a guide for practically identifying these measures at the catchment scale is currently not available. Therefore, a proposal was developed for a guide focusing on the most important diffuse entry pathways (spray drift and runoff). Based on a survey of exposure-relevant landscape parameters (i.e., the riparian buffer strip width, riparian vegetation type, density of ground vegetation cover, coverage of the water body with aquatic macrophytes, field slope, and existence of concentrated flow paths), a set of risk mitigation measures focusing on the specific situation of pollution of a water body catchment can be identified. The user can then choose risk mitigation measures to implement, assisted by evaluations of their efficiency in reducing pesticide entry, feasibility, and expected acceptability to farmers. Currently, 12 landscape-related measures and 6 application-related measures are included. The present guide presents a step toward the practical implementation of risk mitigation measures for reducing pesticide entry in aquatic ecosystems. © 2013 SETAC.

Fad24, a Positive Regulator of Adipogenesis, Is Required for S Phase Re-entry of C2C12 Myoblasts Arrested in G0 Phase and Involved in p27(Kip1) Expression at the Protein Level.

PubMed

Ochiai, Natsuki; Nishizuka, Makoto; Osada, Shigehiro; Imagawa, Masayoshi

2016-05-01

Factor for adipocyte differentiation 24 (fad24) is a positive regulator of adipogenesis. We previously found that human fad24 is abundantly expressed in skeletal muscle. However, the function of fad24 in skeletal muscle remains largely unknown. Because skeletal muscle is a highly regenerative tissue, we focused on the function of fad24 in skeletal muscle regeneration. In this paper, we investigated the role of fad24 in the cell cycle re-entry of quiescent C2C12 myoblasts-mimicked satellite cells. The expression levels of fad24 and histone acetyltransferase binding to ORC1 (hbo1), a FAD24-interacting factor, were elevated at the early phase of the regeneration process in response to cardiotoxin-induced muscle injury. The knockdown of fad24 inhibited the proliferation of quiescent myoblasts, whereas fad24 knockdown did not affect differentiation. S phase entry following serum activation is abrogated by fad24 knockdown in quiescent cells. Furthermore, fad24 knockdown cells show a marked accumulation of p27(Kip1) protein. These results suggest that fad24 may have an important role in the S phase re-entry of quiescent C2C12 cells through the regulation of p27(Kip1) at the protein level.

76 FR 39289 - Special Local Regulation; Detroit APBA Gold Cup, Detroit River, Detroit, MI

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-06

...-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Detroit APBA Gold Cup, Detroit River, Detroit, MI AGENCY: Coast Guard... immediately after the Detroit APBA Gold Cup boat race. This special local regulation will establish... entry found in 33 CFR 100.918, Detroit APBA Gold Cup, Detroit, MI. Currently, the regulations located at...

Virion stiffness regulates immature HIV-1 entry

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) undergoes a protease-mediated maturation process that is required for its infectivity. Little is known about how the physical properties of viral particles change during maturation and how these changes affect the viral lifecycle. Using Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), we previously discovered that HIV undergoes a “stiffness switch”, a dramatic reduction in particle stiffness during maturation that is mediated by the viral Envelope (Env) protein. Results In this study, we show that transmembrane-anchored Env cytoplasmic tail (CT) domain is sufficient to regulate the particle stiffness of immature HIV-1. Using this construct expressed in trans with viral Env lacking the CT domain, we show that increasing particle stiffness reduces viral entry activity in immature virions. A similar effect was also observed for immature HIV-1 pseudovirions containing Env from vesicular stomatitis virus. Conclusions This linkage between particle stiffness and viral entry activity illustrates a novel level of regulation for viral replication, providing the first evidence for a biological role of virion physical properties and suggesting a new inhibitory strategy. PMID:23305456

Scalloped and Yorkie are required for cell cycle re-entry of quiescent cells after tissue damage.

PubMed

Meserve, Joy H; Duronio, Robert J

2015-08-15

Regeneration of damaged tissues typically requires a population of active stem cells. How damaged tissue is regenerated in quiescent tissues lacking a stem cell population is less well understood. We used a genetic screen in the developing Drosophila melanogaster eye to investigate the mechanisms that trigger quiescent cells to re-enter the cell cycle and proliferate in response to tissue damage. We discovered that Hippo signaling regulates compensatory proliferation after extensive cell death in the developing eye. Scalloped and Yorkie, transcriptional effectors of the Hippo pathway, drive Cyclin E expression to induce cell cycle re-entry in cells that normally remain quiescent in the absence of damage. Ajuba, an upstream regulator of Hippo signaling that functions as a sensor of epithelial integrity, is also required for cell cycle re-entry. Thus, in addition to its well-established role in modulating proliferation during periods of tissue growth, Hippo signaling maintains homeostasis by regulating quiescent cell populations affected by tissue damage. © 2015. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Antiaging Gene Klotho Enhances Glucose-Induced Insulin Secretion by Up-Regulating Plasma Membrane Levels of TRPV2 in MIN6 β-Cells

PubMed Central

Lin, Yi

2012-01-01

Klotho is a recently discovered antiaging gene. Klotho is expressed in mouse pancreatic islets and in insulinoma β-cells (MIN6 β-cells). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells by overexpression and silencing of Klotho. It is interesting that overexpression of Klotho increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells. Overexpression of mouse Klotho protein also significantly increased plasma membrane levels of transient receptor potential V2 (TRPV2), calcium entry, and the glucose-induced increase in intracellular calcium. On the other hand, knockdown of Klotho by siRNA significantly decreased plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and attenuated glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion. Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of TRPV2, abolished the promoting effects of overexpression of Klotho on glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Thus, TRPV2 lies in the downstream of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that Klotho may enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion by up-regulating plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and thus glucose-induced calcium responses. These findings reveal a previously unidentified role of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells. PMID:22597535

Antiaging gene Klotho enhances glucose-induced insulin secretion by up-regulating plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 in MIN6 β-cells.

PubMed

Lin, Yi; Sun, Zhongjie

2012-07-01

Klotho is a recently discovered antiaging gene. Klotho is expressed in mouse pancreatic islets and in insulinoma β-cells (MIN6 β-cells). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether Klotho plays a role in the regulation of insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells by overexpression and silencing of Klotho. It is interesting that overexpression of Klotho increased glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells. Overexpression of mouse Klotho protein also significantly increased plasma membrane levels of transient receptor potential V2 (TRPV2), calcium entry, and the glucose-induced increase in intracellular calcium. On the other hand, knockdown of Klotho by siRNA significantly decreased plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and attenuated glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion. Tranilast, a selective inhibitor of TRPV2, abolished the promoting effects of overexpression of Klotho on glucose-induced calcium entry and insulin secretion in MIN6 cells. Thus, TRPV2 lies in the downstream of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion. This study demonstrated, for the first time, that Klotho may enhance glucose-induced insulin secretion by up-regulating plasma membrane levels of TRPV2 and thus glucose-induced calcium responses. These findings reveal a previously unidentified role of Klotho in the regulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion in MIN6 β-cells.

Calcium Homeostasis and Cone Signaling Are Regulated by Interactions between Calcium Stores and Plasma Membrane Ion Channels

PubMed Central

Bartoletti, Theodore M.; Huang, Wei; Akopian, Abram; Thoreson, Wallace B.; Krizaj, David

2009-01-01

Calcium is a messenger ion that controls all aspects of cone photoreceptor function, including synaptic release. The dynamic range of the cone output extends beyond the activation threshold for voltage-operated calcium entry, suggesting another calcium influx mechanism operates in cones hyperpolarized by light. We have used optical imaging and whole-cell voltage clamp to measure the contribution of store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) to Ca2+ homeostasis and its role in regulation of neurotransmission at cone synapses. Mn2+ quenching of Fura-2 revealed sustained divalent cation entry in hyperpolarized cones. Ca2+ influx into cone inner segments was potentiated by hyperpolarization, facilitated by depletion of intracellular Ca2+ stores, unaffected by pharmacological manipulation of voltage-operated or cyclic nucleotide-gated Ca2+ channels and suppressed by lanthanides, 2-APB, MRS 1845 and SKF 96365. However, cation influx through store-operated channels crossed the threshold for activation of voltage-operated Ca2+ entry in a subset of cones, indicating that the operating range of inner segment signals is set by interactions between store- and voltage-operated Ca2+ channels. Exposure to MRS 1845 resulted in ∼40% reduction of light-evoked postsynaptic currents in photopic horizontal cells without affecting the light responses or voltage-operated Ca2+ currents in simultaneously recorded cones. The spatial pattern of store-operated calcium entry in cones matched immunolocalization of the store-operated sensor STIM1. These findings show that store-operated channels regulate spatial and temporal properties of Ca2+ homeostasis in vertebrate cones and demonstrate their role in generation of sustained excitatory signals across the first retinal synapse. PMID:19696927

GENERAL CONTROL NONREPRESSIBLE4 Degrades 14-3-3 and the RIN4 Complex to Regulate Stomatal Aperture with Implications on Nonhost Disease Resistance and Drought Tolerance[OPEN

PubMed Central

Oh, Sunhee; Lee, Hee-Kyung; Rojas, Clemencia M.

2017-01-01

Plants have complex and adaptive innate immune responses against pathogen infections. Stomata are key entry points for many plant pathogens. Both pathogens and plants regulate stomatal aperture for pathogen entry and defense, respectively. Not all plant proteins involved in stomatal aperture regulation have been identified. Here, we report GENERAL CONTROL NONREPRESSIBLE4 (GCN4), an AAA+-ATPase family protein, as one of the key proteins regulating stomatal aperture during biotic and abiotic stress. Silencing of GCN4 in Nicotiana benthamiana and Arabidopsis thaliana compromises host and nonhost disease resistance due to open stomata during pathogen infection. AtGCN4 overexpression plants have reduced H+-ATPase activity, stomata that are less responsive to pathogen virulence factors such as coronatine (phytotoxin produced by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae) or fusicoccin (a fungal toxin produced by the fungus Fusicoccum amygdali), reduced pathogen entry, and enhanced drought tolerance. This study also demonstrates that AtGCN4 interacts with RIN4 and 14-3-3 proteins and suggests that GCN4 degrades RIN4 and 14-3-3 proteins via a proteasome-mediated pathway and thereby reduces the activity of the plasma membrane H+-ATPase complex, thus reducing proton pump activity to close stomata. PMID:28855332

76 FR 5058 - Airports of Entry or Departure for Flights to and From Cuba

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-28

... [CBP Dec 11-05] RIN 1651-AA86 Airports of Entry or Departure for Flights to and From Cuba AGENCY: U.S... (DHS) regulations, direct flights between the United States and Cuba must arrive at or depart from one... Border Protection (CBP) to process authorized flights between the United States and Cuba. These...

31 CFR 359.51 - What book-entry Series I savings bonds are included in the computation?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What book-entry Series I savings bonds are included in the computation? 359.51 Section 359.51 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC...

19 CFR 122.49b - Electronic manifest requirement for crew members and non-crew members onboard commercial aircraft...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Name Record locator, if available; (xvi) International Air Transport Association (IATA) code of foreign... HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY AIR COMMERCE REGULATIONS Aircraft Entry and Entry Documents...” includes each entity that is an “aircraft operator” or “foreign air carrier” with a security program under...

7 CFR 319.37-14 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.37-14 Section 319.37-14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Nursery Stock, Plants, Roots, Bulbs, Seeds, and Other Plant Products 1,2 § 319.37-14 Ports of...

7 CFR 319.37-14 - Ports of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Ports of entry. 319.37-14 Section 319.37-14 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE FOREIGN QUARANTINE NOTICES Nursery Stock, Plants, Roots, Bulbs, Seeds, and Other Plant Products 1,2 § 319.37-14 Ports of...

43 CFR 2091.4-1 - Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Segregation and opening: Desert-land entries and Indian allotments. 2091.4-1 Section 2091.4-1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) SPECIAL LAWS AND RULES Segregation and Opening of Lands § 2091.4-1 Segregation and opening...

31 CFR 363.55 - May I transfer my book-entry savings bonds to another person?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT Book-Entry Savings Bonds Purchased Through Treasury... a minimum amount of $25. The transfer may only be made as a gift or in response to a final judgment... is a gift or a specified exception. (b) We do not permit the transfer of savings bonds for...

9 CFR 381.201 - Means of conveyance and equipment used in handling poultry products offered for entry to be...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... INSPECTION AND CERTIFICATION POULTRY PRODUCTS INSPECTION REGULATIONS Imported Poultry Products § 381.201... 9 Animals and Animal Products 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Means of conveyance and equipment used in handling poultry products offered for entry to be maintained in sanitary condition. 381.201...

40 CFR 141.100 - Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Criteria and procedures for public water systems using point-of-entry devices. 141.100 Section 141.100 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS Use of Non-Centralized Treatment Devices §...

40 CFR 142.57 - Bottled water, point-of-use, and point-of-entry devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 23 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Bottled water, point-of-use, and point-of-entry devices. 142.57 Section 142.57 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) WATER PROGRAMS (CONTINUED) NATIONAL PRIMARY DRINKING WATER REGULATIONS IMPLEMENTATION Exemptions Issued by the Administrator § 142.57...

31 CFR 357.24 - Availability and disclosure of Legacy Treasury Direct ® records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN TREASURY/RESERVE AUTOMATED DEBT ENTRY... Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552a), information relating to those accounts will be released only to the owner...) Sufficient information is provided to identify the Legacy Treasury Direct account. (c) Conditions for release...

31 CFR 357.24 - Availability and disclosure of Legacy Treasury Direct ® records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN TREASURY/RESERVE AUTOMATED DEBT ENTRY... Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552a), information relating to those accounts will be released only to the owner...) Sufficient information is provided to identify the Legacy Treasury Direct account. (c) Conditions for release...

31 CFR 357.24 - Availability and disclosure of Legacy Treasury Direct ® records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN TREASURY/RESERVE AUTOMATED DEBT ENTRY... Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552a), information relating to those accounts will be released only to the owner...) Sufficient information is provided to identify the Legacy Treasury Direct account. (c) Conditions for release...

31 CFR 357.24 - Availability and disclosure of Legacy Treasury Direct ® records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... REGULATIONS GOVERNING BOOK-ENTRY TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN TREASURY/RESERVE AUTOMATED DEBT ENTRY... Privacy Act (5 U.S.C. 552a), information relating to those accounts will be released only to the owner...) Sufficient information is provided to identify the Legacy Treasury Direct account. (c) Conditions for release...

Soybean-derived Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) blocks HIV entry into macrophages.

PubMed

Ma, Tong-Cui; Le Guo; Zhou, Run-Hong; Wang, Xu; Liu, Jin-Biao; Li, Jie-Liang; Zhou, Yu; Hou, Wei; Ho, Wen-Zhe

2018-01-01

Bowman-Birk inhibitor (BBI) is a soybean-derived protease inhibitor that has anti-inflammation and anti-HIV effect. Here, we further investigated the anti-HIV action of BBI in macrophages, focusing on its effect on viral entry. We found that BBI could significantly block HIV entry into macrophages. Investigation of the mechanism(s) of the BBI action on HIV inhibition showed that BBI down-regulated the expression of CD4 receptor (as much as 80%) and induced the production of the CC chemokines (up to 60 folds at protein level) in macrophages. This inhibitory effect of BBI on HIV entry could be blocked by the neutralization antibodies to CC chemokines. These findings indicate that BBI may have therapeutic potential as a viral entry inhibitor for the prevention and treatment of HIV infection. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Suppression of AcMNPV replication by adf and thymosin protein up-regulation in a new testis cell line, Ha-shl-t

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Host cytoskeletons facilitate the entry, replication and egress of viruses; because cytoskeletons are essential for viral survival, one mechanism of resisting viral infections involves regulating cytoskeletal polymerization/depolymerization. However, the molecular mechanisms of regulating these chan...

18 CFR 1314.9 - Waiver of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Waiver of regulations. 1314.9 Section 1314.9 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES FOR TVA POWER SECURITIES ISSUED THROUGH THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS § 1314.9 Waiver of regulations...

18 CFR 1314.9 - Waiver of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Waiver of regulations. 1314.9 Section 1314.9 Conservation of Power and Water Resources TENNESSEE VALLEY AUTHORITY BOOK-ENTRY PROCEDURES FOR TVA POWER SECURITIES ISSUED THROUGH THE FEDERAL RESERVE BANKS § 1314.9 Waiver of regulations...

31 CFR 359.46 - What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are the denominations and prices of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.46 Section 359.46 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC...

31 CFR 359.50 - What amount of book-entry Series I savings bonds may I acquire per year?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What amount of book-entry Series I savings bonds may I acquire per year? 359.50 Section 359.50 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC...

31 CFR 359.47 - How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How is payment made for purchases of book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.47 Section 359.47 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC...

31 CFR 359.48 - How are redemption payments made for my redeemed book-entry Series I savings bonds?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How are redemption payments made for my redeemed book-entry Series I savings bonds? 359.48 Section 359.48 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE...

31 CFR 359.49 - What is the issue date of a book-entry Series I savings bond?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the issue date of a book-entry Series I savings bond? 359.49 Section 359.49 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

7 CFR 319.8a - Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... cotton and covers into Guam. 319.8a Section 319.8a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. The plants and products specified in § 319.8(a) may be imported...

7 CFR 319.8a - Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... cotton and covers into Guam. 319.8a Section 319.8a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. The plants and products specified in § 319.8(a) may be imported...

7 CFR 319.8a - Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... cotton and covers into Guam. 319.8a Section 319.8a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. The plants and products specified in § 319.8(a) may be imported...

7 CFR 319.8a - Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... cotton and covers into Guam. 319.8a Section 319.8a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. The plants and products specified in § 319.8(a) may be imported...

7 CFR 319.8a - Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... cotton and covers into Guam. 319.8a Section 319.8a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... QUARANTINE NOTICES Foreign Cotton and Covers Quarantine § 319.8a Administrative instructions relating to the entry of cotton and covers into Guam. The plants and products specified in § 319.8(a) may be imported...

31 CFR 370.6 - What requirements apply to a financial institution that handles a credit entry?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance:Treasury 2 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false What requirements apply to a financial institution that handles a credit entry? 370.6 Section 370.6 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

7 CFR 319.8-9 - Hull fiber and gin trash.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Hull fiber and gin trash. 319.8-9 Section 319.8-9 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION... Importation and Entry of Cotton and Covers § 319.8-9 Hull fiber and gin trash. (a) Entry of hull fiber will be...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2524.1 - Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... compliance with the desert-land laws. 2524.1 Section 2524.1 Public Lands: Interior Regulations Relating to... (2000) DESERT-LAND ENTRIES Desert-Land Entries Within a Reclamation Project § 2524.1 Conditions excusing entrymen from compliance with the desert-land laws. (a) By section 5 of the Act of June 27, 1906 (34 Stat...

43 CFR 2091.4 - Segregation and opening resulting from the allowance of entries, leases, grants or contracts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 43 Public Lands: Interior 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Segregation and opening resulting from the allowance of entries, leases, grants or contracts. 2091.4 Section 2091.4 Public Lands: Interior Regulations... MANAGEMENT (2000) SPECIAL LAWS AND RULES Segregation and Opening of Lands § 2091.4 Segregation and opening...

31 CFR 363.206 - How can I transfer my marketable Treasury security into my TreasuryDirect ® account from another...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Treasury security into my TreasuryDirect ® account from another book-entry system? 363.206 Section 363.206... transfer your marketable Treasury security from the commercial book-entry system by contacting the..., DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT REGULATIONS GOVERNING SECURITIES HELD IN TREASURYDIRECT...

49 CFR Appendix A to Part 591 - Section 591.5(f) Bond for the Entry of a Single Vehicle

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... VEHICLES AND EQUIPMENT SUBJECT TO FEDERAL SAFETY, BUMPER AND THEFT PREVENTION STANDARDS Pt. 591, App. A Appendix A to Part 591—Section 591.5(f) Bond for the Entry of a Single Vehicle Department of Transportation... Vehicle A Appendix A to Part 591 Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued...

ARTD1 regulates cyclin E expression and consequently cell-cycle re-entry and G1/S progression in T24 bladder carcinoma cells.

PubMed

Léger, Karolin; Hopp, Ann-Katrin; Fey, Monika; Hottiger, Michael O

2016-08-02

ADP-ribosylation is involved in a variety of biological processes, many of which are chromatin-dependent and linked to important functions during the cell cycle. However, any study on ADP-ribosylation and the cell cycle faces the problem that synchronization with chemical agents or by serum starvation and subsequent growth factor addition already activates ADP-ribosylation by itself. Here, we investigated the functional contribution of ARTD1 in cell cycle re-entry and G1/S cell cycle progression using T24 urinary bladder carcinoma cells, which synchronously re-enter the cell cycle after splitting without any additional stimuli. In synchronized cells, ARTD1 knockdown, but not inhibition of its enzymatic activity, caused specific down-regulation of cyclin E during cell cycle re-entry and G1/S progression through alterations of the chromatin composition and histone acetylation, but not of other E2F-1 target genes. Although Cdk2 formed a functional complex with the residual cyclin E, p27(Kip 1) protein levels increased in G1 upon ARTD1 knockdown most likely due to inappropriate cyclin E-Cdk2-induced phosphorylation-dependent degradation, leading to decelerated G1/S progression. These results provide evidence that ARTD1 regulates cell cycle re-entry and G1/S progression via cyclin E expression and p27(Kip 1) stability independently of its enzymatic activity, uncovering a novel cell cycle regulatory mechanism.

Robust mitotic entry is ensured by a latching switch.

PubMed

Tuck, Chloe; Zhang, Tongli; Potapova, Tamara; Malumbres, Marcos; Novák, Béla

2013-01-01

Cell cycle events are driven by Cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) and by their counter-acting phosphatases. Activation of the Cdk1:Cyclin B complex during mitotic entry is controlled by the Wee1/Myt1 inhibitory kinases and by Cdc25 activatory phosphatase, which are themselves regulated by Cdk1:Cyclin B within two positive circuits. Impairing these two feedbacks with chemical inhibitors induces a transient entry into M phase referred to as mitotic collapse. The pathology of mitotic collapse reveals that the positive circuits play a significant role in maintaining the M phase state. To better understand the function of these feedback loops during G2/M transition, we propose a simple model for mitotic entry in mammalian cells including spatial control over Greatwall kinase phosphorylation. After parameter calibration, the model is able to recapture the complex and non-intuitive molecular dynamics reported by Potapova et al. (Potapova et al., 2011). Moreover, it predicts the temporal patterns of other mitotic regulators which have not yet been experimentally tested and suggests a general design principle of cell cycle control: latching switches buffer the cellular stresses which accompany cell cycle processes to ensure that the transitions are smooth and robust.

Models of initial training and pathways to registration: a selective review of policy in professional regulation.

PubMed

Fealy, Gerard M; Carney, Marie; Drennan, Jonathan; Treacy, Margaret; Burke, Jacqueline; O'Connell, Dympna; Howley, Breeda; Clancy, Alison; McHugh, Aine; Patton, Declan; Sheerin, Fintan

2009-09-01

To provide a synthesis of literature on international policy concerning professional regulation in nursing and midwifery, with reference to routes of entry into training and pathways to licensure. Internationally, there is evidence of multiple points of entry into initial training, multiple divisions of the professional register and multiple pathways to licensure. Policy documents and commentary articles concerned with models of initial training and pathways to licensure were reviewed. Item selection, quality appraisal and data extraction were undertaken and documentary analysis was performed on all retrieved texts. Case studies of five Western countries indicate no single uniform system of routes of entry into initial training and no overall consensus regarding the optimal model of initial training. Multiple regulatory systems, with multiple routes of entry into initial training and multiple pathways to licensure pose challenges, in terms of achieving commonly-agreed understandings of practice competence. The variety of models of initial training present nursing managers with challenges in the recruitment and deployment of personnel trained in many different jurisdictions. Nursing managers need to consider the potential for considerable variation in competency repertoires among nurses trained in generic and specialist initial training models.

Progress in Guidance and Control Research for Space Access and Hypersonic Vehicles (Preprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-09-01

affect range capabilities. In 2003 an integrated adaptive guidance control and trajectory re- shaping algorithm was flight demonstrated using in-flight...21] which tied for the best scores as well as a Linear Quadratic Regulator[22], Predictor - Corrector [23], and Shuttle-like entry[24] guidance method...Accurate knowledge of mass, center- of-gravity and moments of inertia improves the perfor- mance of not only IAG& C algorithms but also model based

The R2R3 MYB Transcription Factors FOUR LIPS and MYB88 Regulate Female Reproductive Development

PubMed Central

Lamb, Rebecca S.

2012-01-01

Gamete formation is an important step in the life cycle of sexually reproducing organisms. In flowering plants, haploid spores are formed after the meiotic division of spore mother cells. These spores develop into male and female gametophytes containing gametes after undergoing mitotic divisions. In the female, the megaspore mother cell undergoes meiosis forming four megaspores, of which one is functional and three degenerate. The megaspore then undergoes three mitotic cycles thus generating an embryo sac with eight nuclei. The embryo sac undergoes cellularization to form the mature seven-celled female gametophyte. Entry into and progression through meiosis is essential for megasporogenesis and subsequent megagametogenesis, but control of this process is not well understood. FOUR LIPS (FLP) and its paralogue MYB88, encoding R2R3 MYB transcription factors, have been extensively studied for their role in limiting the terminal division in stomatal development by direct regulation of the expression of cell cycle genes. Here it is demonstrated that FLP and MYB88 also regulate female reproduction. Both FLP and MYB88 are expressed during ovule development and their loss significantly increases the number of ovules produced by the placenta. Despite the presence of excess ovules, single and double mutants exhibit reduced seed set due to reduced female fertility. The sterility results at least in part from defective meiotic entry and progression. Therefore, FLP and MYB88 are important regulators of entry into megasporogenesis, and probably act via the regulation of cell cycle genes. PMID:22915737

Boys Might Catch Up, Family Influences Continue: Influences on Behavioral Self-Regulation in Children from an Affluent Region in Germany before School Entry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gunzenhauser, Catherine; von Suchodoletz, Antje

2015-01-01

Research Findings: Behavioral self-regulation is crucial for school success. Although behavioral self-regulation typically grows rapidly during the preschool period, children in this age group vary widely in their behavioral self-regulation capacities. The present study investigated 3 potential determinants of growth rates in behavioral…

Role of Host Type IA Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Pathway Components in Invasin-Mediated Internalization of Yersinia enterocolitica.

PubMed

Dowd, Georgina C; Bhalla, Manmeet; Kean, Bernard; Thomas, Rowan; Ireton, Keith

2016-06-01

Many bacterial pathogens subvert mammalian type IA phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) in order to induce their internalization into host cells. How PI3K promotes internalization is not well understood. Also unclear is whether type IA PI3K affects different pathogens through similar or distinct mechanisms. Here, we performed an RNA interference (RNAi)-based screen to identify components of the type IA PI3K pathway involved in invasin-mediated entry of Yersinia enterocolitica, an enteropathogen that causes enteritis and lymphadenitis. The 69 genes targeted encode known upstream regulators or downstream effectors of PI3K. A similar RNAi screen was previously performed with the food-borne bacterium Listeria monocytogenes The results of the screen with Y. enterocolitica indicate that at least nine members of the PI3K pathway are needed for invasin-mediated entry. Several of these proteins, including centaurin-α1, Dock180, focal adhesion kinase (FAK), Grp1, LL5α, LL5β, and PLD2 (phospholipase D2), were recruited to sites of entry. In addition, centaurin-α1, FAK, PLD2, and mTOR were required for remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton during entry. Six of the human proteins affecting invasin-dependent internalization also promote InlB-mediated entry of L. monocytogenes Our results identify several host proteins that mediate invasin-induced effects on the actin cytoskeleton and indicate that a subset of PI3K pathway components promote internalization of both Y. enterocolitica and L. monocytogenes. Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Entry Mode–Dependent Function of an Indole Glucosinolate Pathway in Arabidopsis for Nonhost Resistance against Anthracnose Pathogens[W

PubMed Central

Hiruma, Kei; Onozawa-Komori, Mariko; Takahashi, Fumika; Asakura, Makoto; Bednarek, Paweł; Okuno, Tetsuro; Schulze-Lefert, Paul; Takano, Yoshitaka

2010-01-01

When faced with nonadapted fungal pathogens, Arabidopsis thaliana mounts nonhost resistance responses, which typically result in the termination of early pathogenesis steps. We report that nonadapted anthracnose fungi engage two alternative entry modes during pathogenesis on leaves: turgor-mediated invasion beneath melanized appressoria, and a previously undiscovered hyphal tip–based entry (HTE) that is independent of appressorium formation. The frequency of HTE is positively regulated by carbohydrate nutrients and appears to be subject to constitutive inhibition by the fungal mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade of MAPK ESSENTIAL FOR APPRESSORIUM FORMATION1. The same MAPK cascade is essential for appressorium formation. Unexpectedly, the Arabidopsis indole glucosinolate pathway restricts entry of the nonadapted anthracnose fungi only when these pathogens employ HTE. Arabidopsis mutants defective in indole glucosinolate biosynthesis or metabolism support the initiation of postinvasion growth of nonadapted Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Colletotrichum orbiculare. However, genetic disruption of Colletotrichum appressorium formation does not permit HTE on host plants. Thus, Colletotrichum appressoria play a critical role in the suppression of preinvasion plant defenses, in addition to their previously described role in turgor-mediated plant cell invasion. We also show that HTE is the predominant morphogenetic response of Colletotrichum at wound sites. This implies the existence of a fungal sensing system to trigger appropriate morphogenetic responses during pathogenesis at wound sites and on intact leaf tissue. PMID:20605856

7 CFR 51.3150 - Tolerances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Regulations of the Department of Agriculture AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Standards, Inspections, Marketing Practices), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946... entry into the United States. (2) For defects en route or at destination. 12 percent for nectarines...

48 CFR 611.602 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false General. 611.602 Section 611.602 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF STATE COMPETITION AND ACQUISITION... security upgrade. This includes installation of forced entry/ballistic resistant (FE/BR) windows and doors...

Dysregulation of retinoic acid receptor diminishes hepatocyte permissiveness to hepatitis B virus infection through modulation of sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) expression.

PubMed

Tsukuda, Senko; Watashi, Koichi; Iwamoto, Masashi; Suzuki, Ryosuke; Aizaki, Hideki; Okada, Maiko; Sugiyama, Masaya; Kojima, Soichi; Tanaka, Yasuhito; Mizokami, Masashi; Li, Jisu; Tong, Shuping; Wakita, Takaji

2015-02-27

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is an entry receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is regarded as one of the determinants that confer HBV permissiveness to host cells. However, how host factors regulate the ability of NTCP to support HBV infection is largely unknown. We aimed to identify the host signaling that regulated NTCP expression and thereby permissiveness to HBV. Here, a cell-based chemical screening method identified that Ro41-5253 decreased host susceptibility to HBV infection. Pretreatment with Ro41-5253 inhibited the viral entry process without affecting HBV replication. Intriguingly, Ro41-5253 reduced expression of both NTCP mRNA and protein. We found that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) regulated the promoter activity of the human NTCP (hNTCP) gene and that Ro41-5253 repressed the hNTCP promoter by antagonizing RAR. RAR recruited to the hNTCP promoter region, and nucleotides -112 to -96 of the hNTCP was suggested to be critical for RAR-mediated transcriptional activation. HBV susceptibility was decreased in pharmacologically RAR-inactivated cells. CD2665 showed a stronger anti-HBV potential and disrupted the spread of HBV infection that was achieved by continuous reproduction of the whole HBV life cycle. In addition, this mechanism was significant for drug development, as antagonization of RAR blocked infection of multiple HBV genotypes and also a clinically relevant HBV mutant that was resistant to nucleoside analogs. Thus, RAR is crucial for regulating NTCP expression that determines permissiveness to HBV infection. This is the first demonstration showing host regulation of NTCP to support HBV infection. © 2015 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

Dysregulation of Retinoic Acid Receptor Diminishes Hepatocyte Permissiveness to Hepatitis B Virus Infection through Modulation of Sodium Taurocholate Cotransporting Polypeptide (NTCP) Expression*

PubMed Central

Tsukuda, Senko; Watashi, Koichi; Iwamoto, Masashi; Suzuki, Ryosuke; Aizaki, Hideki; Okada, Maiko; Sugiyama, Masaya; Kojima, Soichi; Tanaka, Yasuhito; Mizokami, Masashi; Li, Jisu; Tong, Shuping; Wakita, Takaji

2015-01-01

Sodium taurocholate cotransporting polypeptide (NTCP) is an entry receptor for hepatitis B virus (HBV) and is regarded as one of the determinants that confer HBV permissiveness to host cells. However, how host factors regulate the ability of NTCP to support HBV infection is largely unknown. We aimed to identify the host signaling that regulated NTCP expression and thereby permissiveness to HBV. Here, a cell-based chemical screening method identified that Ro41-5253 decreased host susceptibility to HBV infection. Pretreatment with Ro41-5253 inhibited the viral entry process without affecting HBV replication. Intriguingly, Ro41-5253 reduced expression of both NTCP mRNA and protein. We found that retinoic acid receptor (RAR) regulated the promoter activity of the human NTCP (hNTCP) gene and that Ro41-5253 repressed the hNTCP promoter by antagonizing RAR. RAR recruited to the hNTCP promoter region, and nucleotides −112 to −96 of the hNTCP was suggested to be critical for RAR-mediated transcriptional activation. HBV susceptibility was decreased in pharmacologically RAR-inactivated cells. CD2665 showed a stronger anti-HBV potential and disrupted the spread of HBV infection that was achieved by continuous reproduction of the whole HBV life cycle. In addition, this mechanism was significant for drug development, as antagonization of RAR blocked infection of multiple HBV genotypes and also a clinically relevant HBV mutant that was resistant to nucleoside analogs. Thus, RAR is crucial for regulating NTCP expression that determines permissiveness to HBV infection. This is the first demonstration showing host regulation of NTCP to support HBV infection. PMID:25550158

Mechanisms of copper homeostasis in bacteria

PubMed Central

Argüello, José M.; Raimunda, Daniel; Padilla-Benavides, Teresita

2013-01-01

Copper is an important micronutrient required as a redox co-factor in the catalytic centers of enzymes. However, free copper is a potential hazard because of its high chemical reactivity. Consequently, organisms exert a tight control on Cu+ transport (entry-exit) and traffic through different compartments, ensuring the homeostasis required for cuproprotein synthesis and prevention of toxic effects. Recent studies based on biochemical, bioinformatics, and metalloproteomics approaches, reveal a highly regulated system of transcriptional regulators, soluble chaperones, membrane transporters, and target cuproproteins distributed in the various bacterial compartments. As a result, new questions have emerged regarding the diversity and apparent redundancies of these components, their irregular presence in different organisms, functional interactions, and resulting system architectures. PMID:24205499

FDA marketing claims, and the practitioner.

PubMed

Runner, Susan

2006-03-01

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is the federal agency that is tasked with regulating market entry for medical devices. The laws that govern this process are codified in the Federal Food Drug and Cosmetic Act (the Act) and the regulations are based on this law. The medical device amendments to the Act were instituted in 1976, instituting the methods for classification of medical devices and the format for the premarket review of devices. Information for practitioners on how medical devices come to market, what data are required, how specific claims are cleared, and how the practitioner can give input to the system are critical for the further development of safe and effective medical devices.

31 CFR 359.56 - How can I find out what my book-entry Series I savings bonds are worth?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How can I find out what my book-entry Series I savings bonds are worth? 359.56 Section 359.56 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

31 CFR 351.71 - How can I find out what my book-entry Series EE savings bonds are worth?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false How can I find out what my book-entry Series EE savings bonds are worth? 351.71 Section 351.71 Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY BUREAU OF THE PUBLIC DEBT...

7 CFR 319.55a - Administrative instructions relating to entry of rice straw and rice hulls into Guam.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Administrative instructions relating to entry of rice straw and rice hulls into Guam. 319.55a Section 319.55a Agriculture Regulations of the Department of... rice hulls into Guam. Rice straw and rice hulls may be imported into Guam without further permit, other...

SU-F-T-234: Quality Improvements in the Electronic Medical Record of Patients Treated with High Dose-Rate Brachytherapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Diener, T; Wilkinson, D

Purpose: To improve workflow efficiency and patient safety by assessing the quality control documentation for HDR brachytherapy within our Electronic Medical Record System (Mosaiq). Methods: A list of parameters based on NRC regulations, our quality management program (QMP), recommendations of the ACR and the American Brachytherapy Society, and HDR treatment planning risks identified in our previous FMEA study was made. Next, the parameter entries were classified according to the type of data input—manual, electronic, or both. Manual entry included the electronic Brachytherapy Treatment Record (BTR) and pre-treatment Mosaiq Assessments list. Oncentra Treatment Reports (OTR) from the Oncentra Treatment Control Systemmore » constituted the electronic data. The OTR includes a Pre-treatment Report for each fraction, and a Treatment Summary Report at the completion of treatment. Each entry was then examined for appropriateness and completeness of data; adjustments and additions as necessary were then made. Results: Ten out of twenty-one recorded treatment parameters were identified to be documented within both the BTR and OTR. Of these ten redundancies, eight were changed from recorded values to a simple checklist in the BTR to avoid recording errors. The other redundancies were kept in both documents due to their value to ensuring patient safety. An edit was made to the current BTR quality assessment; this change revises the definition of a medical event in accordance with ODH Regulation 3701:1-58-101. One addition was made to the current QMP documents regarding HDR. This addition requires a physician to be present through the duration of HDR treatment in accordance with ODH Regulation 3701:1-58-59; Paragraph (F); Section (2); Subsection (a). Conclusion: Careful examination of HDR documentation that originates from different sources can help to improve the accuracy and reliability of the documents. In addition, there may be a small improvement in efficiency due to elimination of unnecessary redundancies.« less

Noise in a phosphorelay drives stochastic entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis.

PubMed

Russell, Jonathan R; Cabeen, Matthew T; Wiggins, Paul A; Paulsson, Johan; Losick, Richard

2017-10-02

Entry into sporulation in Bacillus subtilis is governed by a phosphorelay in which phosphoryl groups from a histidine kinase are successively transferred via relay proteins to the response regulator Spo0A. Spo0A~P, in turn, sets in motion events that lead to asymmetric division and activation of the cell-specific transcription factor σ F , a hallmark for entry into sporulation. Here, we have used a microfluidics-based platform to investigate the activation of Spo0A and σ F in individual cells held under constant, sporulation-inducing conditions. The principal conclusions were that: (i) activation of σ F occurs with an approximately constant probability after adaptation to conditions of nutrient limitation; (ii) activation of σ F is tightly correlated with, and preceded by, Spo0A~P reaching a high threshold level; (iii) activation of Spo0A takes place abruptly just prior to asymmetric division; and (iv) the primary source of noise in the activation of Spo0A is the phosphorelay. We propose that cells exhibit a constant probability of attaining a high threshold level of Spo0A~P due to fluctuations in the flux of phosphoryl groups through the phosphorelay. © 2017 The Authors.

76 FR 19380 - Notice of Entry Into Effect of MARPOL Annex V Wider Caribbean Region Special Area

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-07

... Effect of MARPOL Annex V Wider Caribbean Region Special Area AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS. ACTION: Notice... for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) Annex V, Regulation 5 and Coast Guard regulations. MARPOL Annex V and the U.S. regulations apply to vessel and reception facility activities in the WCR...

77 FR 58051 - Refuge-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-09-19

... DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Fish and Wildlife Service 50 CFR Part 32 Refuge-Specific Hunting and Sport Fishing Regulations CFR Correction 0 In Title 50 of the Code of Federal Regulations, Parts 18 to 199, revised as of October 1, 2011, on page 410, in Sec. 32.44, the entry for Middle Mississippi River...

77 FR 51944 - Special Conditions: Airbus, Model A318-112 Airplane (S/N 3238); Certification of Cooktops

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-08-28

...: Federal eRegulations Portal: Go to http://www.regulations.gov/ and follow the online instructions for... way, executive lounge, two private lounges, and a private bathroom. The entry will include the.... If the Administrator finds that the applicable airworthiness regulations (i.e., 14 CFR part 25) do...

77 FR 23123 - Special Local Regulation; Smokin The Lake; Gulfport Lake; Gulfport, MS

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-18

...-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Smokin The Lake; Gulfport Lake; Gulfport, MS AGENCY: Coast Guard, DHS... regulation for a portion of Gulfport Lake in Gulfport, MS. This action is necessary for the safeguard of... The Lake high speed boat races on May 5 and 6, 2012. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this area...

Phosphatidylinositol 4-Kinase IIIβ Is Required for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Spike-mediated Cell Entry*

PubMed Central

Yang, Ning; Ma, Ping; Lang, Jianshe; Zhang, Yanli; Deng, Jiejie; Ju, Xiangwu; Zhang, Gongyi; Jiang, Chengyu

2012-01-01

Phosphatidylinositol kinases (PI kinases) play an important role in the life cycle of several viruses after infection. Using gene knockdown technology, we demonstrate that phosphatidylinositol 4-kinase IIIβ (PI4KB) is required for cellular entry by pseudoviruses bearing the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus (SARS-CoV) spike protein and that the cell entry mediated by SARS-CoV spike protein is strongly inhibited by knockdown of PI4KB. Consistent with this observation, pharmacological inhibitors of PI4KB blocked entry of SARS pseudovirions. Further research suggested that PI4P plays an essential role in SARS-CoV spike-mediated entry, which is regulated by the PI4P lipid microenvironment. We further demonstrate that PI4KB does not affect virus entry at the SARS-CoV S-ACE2 binding interface or at the stage of virus internalization but rather at or before virus fusion. Taken together, these results indicate a new function for PI4KB and suggest a new drug target for preventing SARS-CoV infection. PMID:22253445

Ebola virus requires phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate production for efficient viral entry.

PubMed

Qiu, Shirley; Leung, Anders; Bo, Yuxia; Kozak, Robert A; Anand, Sai Priya; Warkentin, Corina; Salambanga, Fabiola D R; Cui, Jennifer; Kobinger, Gary; Kobasa, Darwyn; Côté, Marceline

2018-01-01

For entry, Ebola virus (EBOV) requires the interaction of its viral glycoprotein with the cellular protein Niemann-Pick C1 (NPC1) which resides in late endosomes and lysosomes. How EBOV is trafficked and delivered to NPC1 and whether this is positively regulated during entry remain unclear. Here, we show that the PIKfyve-ArPIKfyve-Sac3 cellular complex, which is involved in the metabolism of phosphatidylinositol (3,5) bisphosphate (PtdIns(3,5)P 2 ), is critical for EBOV infection. Although the expression of all subunits of the complex was required for efficient entry, PIKfyve kinase activity was specifically critical for entry by all pathogenic filoviruses. Inhibition of PIKfyve prevented colocalization of EBOV with NPC1 and led to virus accumulation in intracellular vesicles with characteristics of early endosomes. Importantly, genetically-encoded phosphoinositide probes revealed an increase in PtdIns(3,5)P 2 -positive vesicles in cells during EBOV entry. Taken together, our studies suggest that EBOV requires PtdIns(3,5)P 2 production in cells to promote efficient delivery to NPC1. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Factors affecting the entry of for-profit providers into a price regulated market for formal long-term care services: a case study from Japan.

PubMed

Tokunaga, Mutsumi; Hashimoto, Hideki

2013-01-01

While the distinct behaviors of for-profit and non-profit providers in the healthcare market have been compared in the economic literature, their choices regarding market entry and exit have only recently been debated. Since 2000, when public Long-Term Care Insurance was introduced in Japan, for-profit providers have been able to provide formal long-term homecare services. The aim of this study is to determine which factors have affected market entry of for-profit providers under price regulation and in competition with existing non-profit providers. We used nation-wide panel data from 2002 to 2010, aggregated at the level of local public insurers (n = 1557), a basic area unit of service provision. The number of for-profit providers per elderly population in the area unit was regressed against factors related to local demand and service costs using first-difference linear regression, a fixed effects model, and Tobit regression for robustness checking. Results showed that demand (the number of eligible care recipients) and cost factors (population density and minimum wage) significantly influenced for-profit providers' choice of market entry. These findings indicate that for-profit providers will strategically choose a local market for maximizing profit. We believe that price regulation should be redesigned to incorporate quality of care and market conditions, regardless of the profit status of the providers, to ensure equal access to efficient delivery of long-term care across all regions. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Ubiquitin in Influenza Virus Entry and Innate Immunity.

PubMed

Rudnicka, Alina; Yamauchi, Yohei

2016-10-24

Viruses are obligatory cellular parasites. Their mission is to enter a host cell, to transfer the viral genome, and to replicate progeny whilst diverting cellular immunity. The role of ubiquitin is to regulate fundamental cellular processes such as endocytosis, protein degradation, and immune signaling. Many viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) usurp ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications to establish infection. In this focused review, we discuss how ubiquitin and unanchored ubiquitin regulate IAV host cell entry, and how histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic deacetylase with ubiquitin-binding activity, mediates IAV capsid uncoating. We also discuss the roles of ubiquitin in innate immunity and its implications in the IAV life cycle.

Ubiquitin in Influenza Virus Entry and Innate Immunity

PubMed Central

Rudnicka, Alina; Yamauchi, Yohei

2016-01-01

Viruses are obligatory cellular parasites. Their mission is to enter a host cell, to transfer the viral genome, and to replicate progeny whilst diverting cellular immunity. The role of ubiquitin is to regulate fundamental cellular processes such as endocytosis, protein degradation, and immune signaling. Many viruses including influenza A virus (IAV) usurp ubiquitination and ubiquitin-like modifications to establish infection. In this focused review, we discuss how ubiquitin and unanchored ubiquitin regulate IAV host cell entry, and how histone deacetylase 6 (HDAC6), a cytoplasmic deacetylase with ubiquitin-binding activity, mediates IAV capsid uncoating. We also discuss the roles of ubiquitin in innate immunity and its implications in the IAV life cycle. PMID:27783058

31 CFR 225.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency official having authority under Federal law or regulation to approve a bond with surety or... maintenance of a Government obligation is represented by an accounting entry or electronic record and not by a... Money and Finance: Treasury Regulations Relating to Money and Finance (Continued) FISCAL SERVICE...

KPNB1 mediates PER/CRY nuclear translocation and circadian clock function.

PubMed

Lee, Yool; Jang, A Reum; Francey, Lauren J; Sehgal, Amita; Hogenesch, John B

2015-08-29

Regulated nuclear translocation of the PER/CRY repressor complex is critical for negative feedback regulation of the circadian clock of mammals. However, the precise molecular mechanism is not fully understood. Here, we report that KPNB1, an importin β component of the ncRNA repressor of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NRON) ribonucleoprotein complex, mediates nuclear translocation and repressor function of the PER/CRY complex. RNAi depletion of KPNB1 traps the PER/CRY complex in the cytoplasm by blocking nuclear entry of PER proteins in human cells. KPNB1 interacts mainly with PER proteins and directs PER/CRY nuclear transport in a circadian fashion. Interestingly, KPNB1 regulates the PER/CRY nuclear entry and repressor function, independently of importin α, its classical partner. Moreover, inducible inhibition of the conserved Drosophila importin β in lateral neurons abolishes behavioral rhythms in flies. Collectively, these data show that KPNB1 is required for timely nuclear import of PER/CRY in the negative feedback regulation of the circadian clock.

RSPO1/β-Catenin Signaling Pathway Regulates Oogonia Differentiation and Entry into Meiosis in the Mouse Fetal Ovary

PubMed Central

Chassot, Anne-Amandine; Gregoire, Elodie P.; Lavery, Rowena; Taketo, Makoto M.; de Rooij, Dirk G.; Adams, Ian R.; Chaboissier, Marie-Christine

2011-01-01

Differentiation of germ cells into male gonocytes or female oocytes is a central event in sexual reproduction. Proliferation and differentiation of fetal germ cells depend on the sex of the embryo. In male mouse embryos, germ cell proliferation is regulated by the RNA helicase Mouse Vasa homolog gene and factors synthesized by the somatic Sertoli cells promote gonocyte differentiation. In the female, ovarian differentiation requires activation of the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in the somatic cells by the secreted protein RSPO1. Using mouse models, we now show that Rspo1 also activates the WNT/β-catenin signaling pathway in germ cells. In XX Rspo1−/− gonads, germ cell proliferation, expression of the early meiotic marker Stra8, and entry into meiosis are all impaired. In these gonads, impaired entry into meiosis and germ cell sex reversal occur prior to detectable Sertoli cell differentiation, suggesting that β-catenin signaling acts within the germ cells to promote oogonial differentiation and entry into meiosis. Our results demonstrate that RSPO1/β-catenin signaling is involved in meiosis in fetal germ cells and contributes to the cellular decision of germ cells to differentiate into oocyte or sperm. PMID:21991325

A dual transcriptional reporter and CDK-activity sensor marks cell cycle entry and progression in C. elegans

PubMed Central

van Rijnberk, Lotte M.; van der Horst, Suzanne E. M.; van den Heuvel, Sander; Ruijtenberg, Suzan

2017-01-01

Development, tissue homeostasis and tumor suppression depend critically on the correct regulation of cell division. Central in the cell division process is the decision whether to enter the next cell cycle and commit to going through the S and M phases, or to remain temporarily or permanently arrested. Cell cycle studies in genetic model systems could greatly benefit from visualizing cell cycle commitment in individual cells without the need of fixation. Here, we report the development and characterization of a reporter to monitor cell cycle entry in the nematode C. elegans. This reporter combines the mcm-4 promoter, to reveal Rb/E2F-mediated transcriptional control, and a live-cell sensor for CDK-activity. The CDK sensor was recently developed for use in human cells and consists of a DNA Helicase fragment fused to eGFP. Upon phosphorylation by CDKs, this fusion protein changes in localization from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. The combined regulation of transcription and subcellular localization enabled us to visualize the moment of cell cycle entry in dividing seam cells during C. elegans larval development. This reporter is the first to reflect cell cycle commitment in C. elegans and will help further genetic studies of the mechanisms that underlie cell cycle entry and exit. PMID:28158315

A pupal transcriptomic screen identifies Ral as a target of store-operated calcium entry in Drosophila neurons.

PubMed

Richhariya, Shlesha; Jayakumar, Siddharth; Abruzzi, Katharine; Rosbash, Michael; Hasan, Gaiti

2017-02-14

Transcriptional regulation by Store-operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is well studied in non-excitable cells. However, the role of SOCE has been poorly documented in neuronal cells with more complicated calcium dynamics. Previous reports demonstrated a requirement for SOCE in neurons that regulate Drosophila flight bouts. We refine this requirement temporally to the early pupal stage and use RNA-sequencing to identify SOCE mediated gene expression changes in the developing Drosophila pupal nervous system. Down regulation of dStim, the endoplasmic reticular calcium sensor and a principal component of SOCE in the nervous system, altered the expression of 131 genes including Ral, a small GTPase. Disruption of Ral function in neurons impaired flight, whereas ectopic expression of Ral in SOCE-compromised neurons restored flight. Through live imaging of calcium transients from cultured pupal neurons, we confirmed that Ral does not participate in SOCE, but acts downstream of it. These results identify neuronal SOCE as a mechanism that regulates expression of specific genes during development of the pupal nervous system and emphasizes the relevance of SOCE-regulated gene expression to flight circuit maturation.

77 FR 39393 - Special Local Regulation; Upper Mississippi River, Mile 842.0 to 840.0

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-03

... the swim leg of the Optum Health Twin Cities Triathlon occurring on the Upper Mississippi River. Entry... 1625-AA00 Special Local Regulation; Upper Mississippi River, Mile 842.0 to 840.0 AGENCY: Coast Guard... regulation for all waters of the Upper Mississippi River, Mile 842.0 to 840.0, extending the entire width of...

33 CFR 165.T01-0329 - Regulated Navigation Area; Maine Kennebec Bridge Construction and Removal, Kennebec River...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... notice, as well as Broadcast Notice to Mariners and Local Notice to Mariners. (2) Violations of this RNA... Regulated Navigation Area (RNA): All navigable waters, surface to bottom, on the Kennebec River within a 300....11 and 165.13 apply within the RNA. (2) In accordance with the general regulations, entry into or...

48 CFR 1631.203-70 - Allocation techniques.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... among cost centers at the initial entry into the cost accounting system shall be made in compliance with... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 6 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Allocation techniques. 1631.203-70 Section 1631.203-70 Federal Acquisition Regulations System OFFICE OF PERSONNEL MANAGEMENT...

Scratch2 prevents cell cycle re-entry by repressing miR-25 in postmitotic primary neurons.

PubMed

Rodríguez-Aznar, Eva; Barrallo-Gimeno, Alejandro; Nieto, M Angela

2013-03-20

During the development of the nervous system the regulation of cell cycle, differentiation, and survival is tightly interlinked. Newly generated neurons must keep cell cycle components under strict control, as cell cycle re-entry leads to neuronal degeneration and death. However, despite their relevance, the mechanisms controlling this process remain largely unexplored. Here we show that Scratch2 is involved in the control of the cell cycle in neurons in the developing spinal cord of the zebrafish embryo. scratch2 knockdown induces postmitotic neurons to re-enter mitosis. Scratch2 prevents cell cycle re-entry by maintaining high levels of the cycle inhibitor p57 through the downregulation of miR-25. Thus, Scratch2 appears to safeguard the homeostasis of postmitotic primary neurons by preventing cell cycle re-entry.

An unusual internal ribosomal entry site of inverted symmetry directs expression of a potato leafroll polerovirus replication-associated protein

PubMed Central

Jaag, Hannah Miriam; Kawchuk, Lawrence; Rohde, Wolfgang; Fischer, Rainer; Emans, Neil; Prüfer, Dirk

2003-01-01

Potato leafroll polerovirus (PLRV) genomic RNA acts as a polycistronic mRNA for the production of proteins P0, P1, and P2 translated from the 5′-proximal half of the genome. Within the P1 coding region we identified a 5-kDa replication-associated protein 1 (Rap1) essential for viral multiplication. An internal ribosome entry site (IRES) with unusual structure and location was identified that regulates Rap1 translation. Core structural elements for internal ribosome entry include a conserved AUG codon and a downstream GGAGAGAGAGG motif with inverted symmetry. Reporter gene expression in potato protoplasts confirmed the internal ribosome entry function. Unlike known IRES motifs, the PLRV IRES is located completely within the coding region of Rap1 at the center of the PLRV genome. PMID:12835413

Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Transport via Epithelial Na+ Channel

PubMed Central

Marunaka, Yoshinori; Niisato, Naomi; Taruno, Akiyuki; Ohta, Mariko; Miyazaki, Hiroaki; Hosogi, Shigekuni; Nakajima, Ken-ichi; Kusuzaki, Katsuyuki; Ashihara, Eishi; Nishio, Kyosuke; Iwasaki, Yoshinobu; Nakahari, Takashi; Kubota, Takahiro

2011-01-01

Renal epithelial Na+ transport plays an important role in homeostasis of our body fluid content and blood pressure. Further, the Na+ transport in alveolar epithelial cells essentially controls the amount of alveolar fluid that should be kept at an appropriate level for normal gas exchange. The epithelial Na+ transport is generally mediated through two steps: (1) the entry step of Na+ via epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) at the apical membrane and (2) the extrusion step of Na+ via the Na+, K+-ATPase at the basolateral membrane. In general, the Na+ entry via ENaC is the rate-limiting step. Therefore, the regulation of ENaC plays an essential role in control of blood pressure and normal gas exchange. In this paper, we discuss two major factors in ENaC regulation: (1) activity of individual ENaC and (2) number of ENaC located at the apical membrane. PMID:22028593

Compliance with clothing regulations and traffic flow in the operating room: a multi-centre study of staff discipline during surgical procedures.

PubMed

Loison, G; Troughton, R; Raymond, F; Lepelletier, D; Lucet, J-C; Avril, C; Birgand, G

2017-07-01

This multi-centre study assessed operating room (OR) staff compliance with clothing regulations and traffic flow during surgical procedures. Of 1615 surgical attires audited, 56% respected the eight clothing measures. Lack of compliance was mainly due to inappropriate wearing of jewellery (26%) and head coverage (25%). In 212 procedures observed, a median of five people [interquartile range (IQR) 4-6] were present at the time of incision. The median frequency of entries to/exits from the OR was 10.6/h (IQR 6-29) (range 0-93). Reasons for entries to/exits from the OR were mainly to obtain materials required in the OR (N=364, 44.5%). ORs with low compliance with clothing regulations tended to have higher traffic flows, although the difference was not significant (P=0.12). Copyright © 2017 The Healthcare Infection Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Structural mechanisms of DREAM complex assembly and regulation

PubMed Central

Guiley, Keelan Z.; Liban, Tyler J.; Felthousen, Jessica G.; Ramanan, Parameshwaran

2015-01-01

The DREAM complex represses cell cycle genes during quiescence through scaffolding MuvB proteins with E2F4/5 and the Rb tumor suppressor paralog p107 or p130. Upon cell cycle entry, MuvB dissociates from p107/p130 and recruits B-Myb and FoxM1 for up-regulating mitotic gene expression. To understand the biochemical mechanisms underpinning DREAM function and regulation, we investigated the structural basis for DREAM assembly. We identified a sequence in the MuvB component LIN52 that binds directly to the pocket domains of p107 and p130 when phosphorylated on the DYRK1A kinase site S28. A crystal structure of the LIN52–p107 complex reveals that LIN52 uses a suboptimal LxSxExL sequence together with the phosphate at nearby S28 to bind the LxCxE cleft of the pocket domain with high affinity. The structure explains the specificity for p107/p130 over Rb in the DREAM complex and how the complex is disrupted by viral oncoproteins. Based on insights from the structure, we addressed how DREAM is disassembled upon cell cycle entry. We found that p130 and B-Myb can both bind the core MuvB complex simultaneously but that cyclin-dependent kinase phosphorylation of p130 weakens its association. Together, our data inform a novel target interface for studying MuvB and p130 function and the design of inhibitors that prevent tumor escape in quiescence. PMID:25917549

Regulating the for-profit private health sector: lessons from East and Southern Africa.

PubMed

Doherty, Jane E

2015-03-01

International evidence shows that, if poorly regulated, the private health sector may lead to distortions in the type, quantity, distribution, quality and price of health services, as well as anti-competitive behaviour. This article provides an overview of legislation governing the for-profit private health sector in East and Southern Africa. It identifies major implementation problems and suggests strategies Ministries of Health could adopt to regulate the private sector more effectively and in line with key public health objectives. This qualitative study was based on a document review of existing legislation in the region, and seven semi-structured interviews with individuals selected purposively on the basis of their experience in policymaking and legislation. Legislation was categorized according to its objectives and the level at which it operates. A thematic content analysis was conducted on interview transcripts. Most legislation focuses on controlling the entry of health professionals and organizations into the market. Most countries have not developed adequate legislation around behaviour following entry. Generally the type and quality of services provided by private practitioners and facilities are not well-regulated or monitored. Even where there is specific health insurance regulation, provisions seldom address open enrolment, community rating and comprehensive benefit packages (except in South Africa). There is minimal control of prices. Several countries are updating and improving legislation although, in most cases, this is without the benefit of an overarching policy on the private sector, or reference to wider public health objectives. Policymakers in the East and Southern African region need to embark on a programme of action to strengthen regulatory frameworks and instruments in relation to private health care provision and insurance. They should not underestimate the power of the private health sector to undermine efforts for increased regulation. Consequently they should conduct careful stakeholder analyses and build alliances to help drive through reform. Published by Oxford University Press in association with The London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine © The Author 2015; all rights reserved.

Caste development and reproduction: a genome-wide analysis of hallmarks of insect eusociality

PubMed Central

Cristino, A S; Nunes, F M F; Lobo, C H; Bitondi, M M G; Simões, Z L P; Da Fontoura Costa, L; Lattorff, H M G; Moritz, R F A; Evans, J D; Hartfelder, K

2006-01-01

The honey bee queen and worker castes are a model system for developmental plasticity. We used established expressed sequence tag information for a Gene Ontology based annotation of genes that are differentially expressed during caste development. Metabolic regulation emerged as a major theme, with a caste-specific difference in the expression of oxidoreductases vs. hydrolases. Motif searches in upstream regions revealed group-specific motifs, providing an entry point to cis-regulatory network studies on caste genes. For genes putatively involved in reproduction, meiosis-associated factors came out as highly conserved, whereas some determinants of embryonic axes either do not have clear orthologs (bag of marbles, gurken, torso), or appear to be lacking (trunk) in the bee genome. Our results are the outcome of a first genome-based initiative to provide an annotated framework for trends in gene regulation during female caste differentiation (representing developmental plasticity) and reproduction. PMID:17069641

Elucidating cdc25’s Oncogenic Mechanism in Breast Cancer Using Pin1, a Negative Mitotic Regulator

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-07-01

inhibitor aphidicolin. This defect in replication checkpoint function was reversed after addition of recombinant wild type Pin 1, but not an isomerase... inhibitor , aphidicolin. Mock-depleted extracts effectively postponed mitotic entry in response to replication inhibition, while depletion of Pin 1 from...fail to haft mitotic entry in response to the DNA polymerase inhibitor , aphidicolin. The addition of recombinant Pin1 restores the appropriate G2

Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) up-regulates miR-15b expression thus attenuating store operated calcium entry (SOCE) into murine CD4+ T cells and human leukaemic T cell lymphoblasts.

PubMed

Zhang, Shaqiu; Al-Maghout, Tamer; Bissinger, Rosi; Zeng, Ni; Pelzl, Lisann; Salker, Madhuri S; Cheng, Anchun; Singh, Yogesh; Lang, Florian

2017-10-27

CD4 + T cells are key elements in immune responses and inflammation. Activation of T cell receptors in CD4 + T cells triggers cytosolic Ca 2+ release with subsequent store operated Ca 2+ entry (SOCE), which is accomplished by the pore forming Ca 2+ release activated Ca 2+ (CRAC) channel Orai1 and its regulator stromal cell-interaction molecule 2 (STIM2). Green tea polyphenol epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG) acts as a potent anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant agent for various types of cells including immune cells. However, how post-transcriptional gene regulators such as miRNAs are involved in the regulation of Ca 2+ influx into murine CD4 + T cells and human Jurkat T cells through EGCG is not defined. EGCG treatment of murine CD4 + T cells significantly down-regulated the expression of STIM2 and Orai1 both at mRNA and protein levels. Furthermore, EGCG significantly decreased SOCE in both murine and human T cells. EGCG treatment increased miRNA-15b (miR-15b) abundance in both murine and human T cells. Bioinformatics analysis reveals that miR-15b, which has a STIM2 binding site, is involved in the down-regulation of SOCE. Overexpression of miR-15b significantly decreased the mRNA and protein expression of STIM2 and Orai1 in murine T cells. Treatment of Jurkat T cells with 10 μM EGCG further decreased mTOR and PTEN protein levels. EGCG decreased mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) in both human and murine T cells. In conclusion, the observations suggest that EGCG inhibits the Ca 2+ entry into murine and human T cells, an effect accomplished at least in part by up-regulation of miR-15b.

50 CFR 300.183 - Permit holder reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... biweekly report of entries for consumption, exports and re-exports of fish and fish products regulated... products regulated under this subpart except shark fins were entered for consumption, exported, or re..., that is entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (3) A biweekly report is not required for...

50 CFR 300.183 - Permit holder reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... biweekly report of entries for consumption, exports and re-exports of fish and fish products regulated... products regulated under this subpart except shark fins were entered for consumption, exported, or re..., that is entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (3) A biweekly report is not required for...

50 CFR 300.183 - Permit holder reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... biweekly report of entries for consumption, exports and re-exports of fish and fish products regulated... products regulated under this subpart except shark fins were entered for consumption, exported, or re..., that is entered for consumption, exported, or re-exported. (3) A biweekly report is not required for...

78 FR 61188 - Approval and Promulgation of Implementation Plans; Washington: Thurston County Second 10-Year PM10

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-03

..., disproportionate human health or environmental effects, using practicable and legally permissible methods, under... (c) Table 1--Washington Department of Ecology Regulations by: 0 i. Revising entries 173-433-030...--Washington Department of Ecology Regulations State State citation Title/subject effective EPA approval...

76 FR 14562 - Federal Acquisition Regulation; Additional Requirements for Market Research

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-16

... circumstances and entry of new businesses, on- going market research is not a waste of manpower and taxpayers..., Sequence 1] RIN 9000-AL50 Federal Acquisition Regulation; Additional Requirements for Market Research..., Market Research, of the National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2008. Section 826 requires the...

50 CFR 300.183 - Permit holder reporting and recordkeeping requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... information for each consignment of fish or fish products regulated under this subpart, except shark fins... biweekly report of entries for consumption, exports and re-exports of fish and fish products regulated under this subpart except shark fins. (1) The report required to be submitted under this paragraph (a...

Host Serine/Threonine Kinases mTOR and Protein Kinase C-α Promote InlB-Mediated Entry of Listeria monocytogenes

PubMed Central

Bhalla, Manmeet; Law, Daria; Dowd, Georgina C.

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT The bacterial pathogen Listeria monocytogenes causes foodborne illnesses resulting in gastroenteritis, meningitis, or abortion. Listeria induces its internalization into some human cells through interaction of the bacterial surface protein InlB with the host receptor tyrosine kinase Met. InlB-dependent entry requires localized polymerization of the host actin cytoskeleton. The signal transduction pathways that act downstream of Met to regulate actin filament assembly or other processes during Listeria uptake remain incompletely characterized. Here, we demonstrate important roles for the human serine/threonine kinases mTOR and protein kinase C-α (PKC-α) in InlB-dependent entry. Experiments involving RNA interference (RNAi) indicated that two multiprotein complexes containing mTOR, mTORC1 and mTORC2, are each needed for efficient internalization of Listeria into cells of the human cell line HeLa. InlB stimulated Met-dependent phosphorylation of mTORC1 or mTORC2 substrates, demonstrating activation of both mTOR-containing complexes. RNAi studies indicated that the mTORC1 effectors 4E-BP1 and hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) and the mTORC2 substrate PKC-α each control Listeria uptake. Genetic or pharmacological inhibition of PKC-α reduced the internalization of Listeria and the accumulation of actin filaments that normally accompanies InlB-mediated entry. Collectively, our results identify mTOR and PKC-α to be host factors exploited by Listeria to promote infection. PKC-α controls Listeria entry, at least in part, by regulating the actin cytoskeleton downstream of the Met receptor. PMID:28461391

Neuropsychological heterogeneity in preschool ADHD: investigating the interplay between cognitive, affective and motivation-based forms of regulation.

PubMed

Sjöwall, Douglas; Backman, Anna; Thorell, Lisa B

2015-05-01

There is a trend toward diagnosing ADHD prior to school entry. Despite this, there is a lack of studies investigating ADHD in the preschool years, at least studies including a large range of different neuropsychological functions. Our knowledge of the independent effects of different neuropsychological functions in relation to preschool ADHD is therefore limited. In order to address this issue, the present study investigated cognitive, affective, and motivation-based regulation in relation to ADHD symptoms in 104 preschool children (age M = 67.33 months, SD = 10.10; 65 % boys). Results showed that these regulatory processes were all significantly related to ADHD symptoms and that most of these relations remained after controlling for comorbid conduct problems. Most previous preschool studies have only included cognitive regulation, and to some extent motivation-based regulation. By also including affective regulation, we were able to explain a larger proportion of the variance in ADHD symptoms. However, it should be noted that the amount of variance explained was still small in comparison with what has been found in previous studies of school-aged children. This finding could be taken as an indication that further studies examining the nature of preschool ADHD are needed, and that it may be necessary to look beyond the neuropsychological factors that have been linked to the disorder in older children and adults.

Cardiac re-entry dynamics and self-termination in DT-MRI based model of Human Foetal Heart

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biktasheva, Irina V.; Anderson, Richard A.; Holden, Arun V.; Pervolaraki, Eleftheria; Wen, Fen Cai

2018-02-01

The effect of human foetal heart geometry and anisotropy on anatomy induced drift and self-termination of cardiac re-entry is studied here in MRI based 2D slice and 3D whole heart computer simulations. Isotropic and anisotropic models of 20 weeks of gestational age human foetal heart obtained from 100μm voxel diffusion tensor MRI data sets were used in the computer simulations. The fiber orientation angles of the heart were obtained from the orientation of the DT-MRI primary eigenvectors. In a spatially homogeneous electrophysiological monodomain model with the DT-MRI based heart geometries, cardiac re-entry was initiated at a prescribed location in a 2D slice, and in the 3D whole heart anatomy models. Excitation was described by simplified FitzHugh-Nagumo kinetics. In a slice of the heart, with propagation velocity twice as fast along the fibres than across the fibers, DT-MRI based fiber anisotropy changes the re-entry dynamics from pinned to an anatomical re-entry. In the 3D whole heart models, the fiber anisotropy changes cardiac re-entry dynamics from a persistent re-entry to the re-entry self-termination. The self-termination time depends on the re-entry’s initial position. In all the simulations with the DT-MRI based cardiac geometry, the anisotropy of the myocardial tissue shortens the time to re-entry self-termination several folds. The numerical simulations depend on the validity of the DT-MRI data set used. The ventricular wall showed the characteristic transmural rotation of the helix angle of the developed mammalian heart, while the fiber orientation in the atria was irregular.

32 CFR 770.55 - Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.55 Responsibility. The responsibility for proper identification and control of personnel and...

32 CFR 770.55 - Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.55 Responsibility. The responsibility for proper identification and control of personnel and...

32 CFR 770.55 - Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.55 Responsibility. The responsibility for proper identification and control of personnel and...

32 CFR 770.55 - Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.55 Responsibility. The responsibility for proper identification and control of personnel and...

32 CFR 770.55 - Responsibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.55 Responsibility. The responsibility for proper identification and control of personnel and...

Anaphase-Promoting Complex/Cyclosome-Cdh1-Mediated Proteolysis of the Forkhead Box M1 Transcription Factor Is Critical for Regulated Entry into S Phase▿

PubMed Central

Park, Hyun Jung; Costa, Robert H.; Lau, Lester F.; Tyner, Angela L.; Raychaudhuri, Pradip

2008-01-01

The forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is overexpressed in many cancers, and in mouse models it is required for tumor progression. FoxM1 activates expression of the cell cycle genes required for both S and M phase progression. Here we demonstrate that FoxM1 is degraded in late mitosis and early G1 phase by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligase. FoxM1 interacts with the APC/C complex and its adaptor, Cdh1. Expression of Cdh1 stimulated degradation of the FoxM1 protein, and depletion of Cdh1 resulted in stabilization of the FoxM1 protein in late mitosis and in early G1 phase of the cell cycle. Cdh1 has been implicated in regulating S phase entry. We show that codepletion of FoxM1 inhibits early S phase entry observed in Cdh1-depleted cells. The N-terminal region of FoxM1 contains both destruction box (D box) and KEN box sequences that are required for targeting by Cdh1. Mutation of either the D box sequence or the KEN box sequence stabilized FoxM1 and blocked Cdh1-induced proteolysis. Cells expressing a nondegradable form of FoxM1 entered S phase rapidly following release from M phase arrest. Together, our observations show that FoxM1 is one of the targets of Cdh1 in late M or early G1 phase and that its proteolysis is important for regulated entry into S phase. PMID:18573889

Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-CDH1-mediated proteolysis of the forkhead box M1 transcription factor is critical for regulated entry into S phase.

PubMed

Park, Hyun Jung; Costa, Robert H; Lau, Lester F; Tyner, Angela L; Raychaudhuri, Pradip

2008-09-01

The forkhead box M1 (FoxM1) transcription factor is overexpressed in many cancers, and in mouse models it is required for tumor progression. FoxM1 activates expression of the cell cycle genes required for both S and M phase progression. Here we demonstrate that FoxM1 is degraded in late mitosis and early G(1) phase by the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) E3 ubiquitin ligase. FoxM1 interacts with the APC/C complex and its adaptor, Cdh1. Expression of Cdh1 stimulated degradation of the FoxM1 protein, and depletion of Cdh1 resulted in stabilization of the FoxM1 protein in late mitosis and in early G(1) phase of the cell cycle. Cdh1 has been implicated in regulating S phase entry. We show that codepletion of FoxM1 inhibits early S phase entry observed in Cdh1-depleted cells. The N-terminal region of FoxM1 contains both destruction box (D box) and KEN box sequences that are required for targeting by Cdh1. Mutation of either the D box sequence or the KEN box sequence stabilized FoxM1 and blocked Cdh1-induced proteolysis. Cells expressing a nondegradable form of FoxM1 entered S phase rapidly following release from M phase arrest. Together, our observations show that FoxM1 is one of the targets of Cdh1 in late M or early G(1) phase and that its proteolysis is important for regulated entry into S phase.

dbHiMo: a web-based epigenomics platform for histone-modifying enzymes

PubMed Central

Choi, Jaeyoung; Kim, Ki-Tae; Huh, Aram; Kwon, Seomun; Hong, Changyoung; Asiegbu, Fred O.; Jeon, Junhyun; Lee, Yong-Hwan

2015-01-01

Over the past two decades, epigenetics has evolved into a key concept for understanding regulation of gene expression. Among many epigenetic mechanisms, covalent modifications such as acetylation and methylation of lysine residues on core histones emerged as a major mechanism in epigenetic regulation. Here, we present the database for histone-modifying enzymes (dbHiMo; http://hme.riceblast.snu.ac.kr/) aimed at facilitating functional and comparative analysis of histone-modifying enzymes (HMEs). HMEs were identified by applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 11 576 HMEs identified from 603 proteomes including 483 fungal, 32 plants and 51 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. With comprehensive data entries and associated web-based tools, our database will be a valuable resource for future epigenetics/epigenomics studies. Database URL: http://hme.riceblast.snu.ac.kr/ PMID:26055100

dbHiMo: a web-based epigenomics platform for histone-modifying enzymes.

PubMed

Choi, Jaeyoung; Kim, Ki-Tae; Huh, Aram; Kwon, Seomun; Hong, Changyoung; Asiegbu, Fred O; Jeon, Junhyun; Lee, Yong-Hwan

2015-01-01

Over the past two decades, epigenetics has evolved into a key concept for understanding regulation of gene expression. Among many epigenetic mechanisms, covalent modifications such as acetylation and methylation of lysine residues on core histones emerged as a major mechanism in epigenetic regulation. Here, we present the database for histone-modifying enzymes (dbHiMo; http://hme.riceblast.snu.ac.kr/) aimed at facilitating functional and comparative analysis of histone-modifying enzymes (HMEs). HMEs were identified by applying a search pipeline built upon profile hidden Markov model (HMM) to proteomes. The database incorporates 11,576 HMEs identified from 603 proteomes including 483 fungal, 32 plants and 51 metazoan species. The dbHiMo provides users with web-based personalized data browsing and analysis tools, supporting comparative and evolutionary genomics. With comprehensive data entries and associated web-based tools, our database will be a valuable resource for future epigenetics/epigenomics studies. © The Author(s) 2015. Published by Oxford University Press.

The reflective diary as a method for the formative assessment of self-regulated learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wallin, Patric; Adawi, Tom

2018-07-01

An increasingly desired outcome of engineering education is the ability to engage in self-regulated learning (SRL). One promising method for the formative assessment of SRL is the reflective diary. There is, however, a paucity of research on the use of reflective diaries in engineering education. To mitigate this gap, we report on a case study where reflective diaries were implemented in a master's course on tissue engineering. The objective of this paper is to explore the potential of reflective diaries for the formative assessment of three central aspects of SRL: conceptions of knowledge, conceptions of learning, and strategies for monitoring and regulating learning. Based on a theoretical thematic analysis of the diary entries, we show that reflective diaries can be used to assess these three aspects of SRL. We discuss ways of providing feedback to students, with a focus on dialogic feedback.

Cdk1 phosphorylates SPAT-1/Bora to trigger PLK-1 activation and drive mitotic entry in C. elegans embryos

PubMed Central

Tavernier, Nicolas; Noatynska, Anna; Panbianco, Costanza; Martino, Lisa; Van Hove, Lucie; Schwager, Françoise; Léger, Thibaut

2015-01-01

The molecular mechanisms governing mitotic entry during animal development are incompletely understood. Here, we show that the mitotic kinase CDK-1 phosphorylates Suppressor of Par-Two 1 (SPAT-1)/Bora to regulate its interaction with PLK-1 and to trigger mitotic entry in early Caenorhabditis elegans embryos. Embryos expressing a SPAT-1 version that is nonphosphorylatable by CDK-1 and that is defective in PLK-1 binding in vitro present delays in mitotic entry, mimicking embryos lacking SPAT-1 or PLK-1 functions. We further show that phospho–SPAT-1 activates PLK-1 by triggering phosphorylation on its activator T loop in vitro by Aurora A. Likewise, we show that phosphorylation of human Bora by Cdk1 promotes phosphorylation of human Plk1 by Aurora A, suggesting that this mechanism is conserved in humans. Our results suggest that CDK-1 activates PLK-1 via SPAT-1 phosphorylation to promote entry into mitosis. We propose the existence of a positive feedback loop that connects Cdk1 and Plk1 activation to ensure a robust control of mitotic entry and cell division timing. PMID:25753036

Interior view of west end entry showing entry hallway and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Interior view of west end entry showing entry hallway and double-door frame, view facing south - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Administration Annex, Near Russell Avenue (previously Avenue E), between of Facility Nos. 1C & 1E , Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Regulation of calcium channels in smooth muscle: New insights into the role of myosin light chain kinase

PubMed Central

Martinsen, A; Dessy, C; Morel, N

2014-01-01

Smooth muscle myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) plays a crucial role in artery contraction, which regulates blood pressure and blood flow distribution. In addition to this role, MLCK contributes to Ca2+ flux regulation in vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and in non-muscle cells, where cytoskeleton has been suggested to help Ca2+ channels trafficking. This conclusion is based on the use of pharmacological inhibitors of MLCK and molecular and cellular techniques developed to down-regulate the enzyme. Dissimilarities have been observed between cells and whole tissues, as well as between large conductance and small resistance arteries. A differential expression in MLCK and ion channels (either voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels or non-selective cationic channels) could account for these observations, and is in line with the functional properties of the arteries. A potential involvement of MLCK in the pathways modulating Ca2+ entry in VSM is described in the present review. PMID:25483583

PhosphoBase: a database of phosphorylation sites.

PubMed Central

Blom, N; Kreegipuu, A; Brunak, S

1998-01-01

PhosphoBase is a database of experimentally verified phosphorylation sites. Version 1.0 contains 156 entries and 398 experimentally determined phosphorylation sites. Entries are compiled and revised from the literature and from major protein sequence databases such as SwissProt and PIR. The entries provide information about the phosphoprotein and the exact position of its phosphorylation sites. Furthermore, part of the entries contain information about kinetic data obtained from enzyme assays on specific peptides. To illustrate the use of data extracted from PhosphoBase we present a sequence logo displaying the overall conservation of positions around serines phosphorylated by protein kinase A (PKA). PhosphoBase is available on the WWW at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/databases/PhosphoBase/ PMID:9399879

32 CFR 770.40 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... Puerto Rico, without the advance consent of those officials hereinabove enumerated, or their authorized...

32 CFR 770.40 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... Puerto Rico, without the advance consent of those officials hereinabove enumerated, or their authorized...

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.54 Background. (a) Portsmouth Naval Shipyard maintains and operates facilities “to provide...

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.54 Background. (a) Portsmouth Naval Shipyard maintains and operates facilities “to provide...

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.54 Background. (a) Portsmouth Naval Shipyard maintains and operates facilities “to provide...

32 CFR 770.54 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.54 Background. (a) Portsmouth Naval Shipyard maintains and operates facilities “to provide...

Risk Assessment During the Final Phase of an Uncontrolled Re-Entry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gaudel, A.; Hourtolle, C.; Goester, J. F.; Fuentes, N.

2013-09-01

As French National Space Agency, CNES is empowered to monitor compliance with technical regulations of the French Space Operation Act, FSOA, and to take all necessary measures to ensure the safety of people, property, public health and environment for all space operations involving French responsibility at international level.Therefore, CNES developed ELECTRA that calculates the risk for ground population involved in three types of events: rocket launching, controlled re-entry and uncontrolled re-entry. For the first two cases, ELECTRA takes into account degraded cases due to a premature stop of propulsion.Major evolutions were implemented recently on ELECTRA to meet new users' requirements, like the risk assessment during the final phase of uncontrolled re-entry, that can be combined with the computed risk for each country involved by impacts.The purpose of this paper is to provide an overview of the ELECTRA method and main functionalities, and then to highlight these recent improvements.

Protein kinase C activates non-capacitative calcium entry in human platelets

PubMed Central

Rosado, Juan A; Sage, Stewart O

2000-01-01

In many non-excitable cells Ca2+ influx is mainly controlled by the filling state of the intracellular Ca2+ stores. It has been suggested that this store-mediated or capacitative Ca2+ entry is brought about by a physical and reversible coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum with the plasma membrane. Here we provide evidence for an additional, non-capacitative Ca2+ entry mechanism in human platelets. Changes in cytosolic Ca2+ and Sr2+ were measured in human platelets loaded with the fluorescent indicator fura-2. Depletion of the internal Ca2+ stores with thapsigargin plus a low concentration of ionomycin stimulated store-mediated cation entry, as demonstrated upon Ca2+ or Sr2+ addition. Subsequent treatment with thrombin stimulated further divalent cation entry in a concentration-dependent manner. Direct activation of protein kinase C (PKC) by phorbol-12-myristate-13-acetate or 1-oleoyl-2-acetyl-sn-glycerol also stimulated divalent cation entry, without evoking the release of Ca2+ from intracellular stores. Cation entry evoked by thrombin or activators of PKC was abolished by the PKC inhibitor Ro-31-8220. Unlike store-mediated Ca2+ entry, jasplakinolide, which reorganises actin filaments into a tight cortical layer adjacent to the plasma membrane, did not inhibit divalent cation influx evoked by thrombin when applied after Ca2+ store depletion, or by activators of PKC. Thrombin also activated Ca2+ entry in platelets in which the release from intracellular stores and store-mediated Ca2+ entry were blocked by xestospongin C. These results indicate that the non-capacitative divalent cation entry pathway is regulated independently of store-mediated entry and does not require coupling of the endoplasmic reticulum and the plasma membrane. These results support the existence of a mechanism for receptor-evoked Ca2+ entry in human platelets that is independent of Ca2+ store depletion. This Ca2+ entry mechanism may be activated by occupation of G-protein-coupled receptors, which activate PKC, or by direct activation of PKC, thus generating non-capacitative Ca2+ entry alongside that evoked following the release of Ca2+ from the intracellular stores. PMID:11080259

Waste treatment: Beverage industry. January 1984-October 1989 (Citations from the Food Science and Technology Abstracts data base). Report for January 1984-October 1989

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This bibliography contains citations concerning the treatment of effluents from beverage-industry processes. Particular emphasis is on brewery and winery effluent treatment. Characteristics of the waste products and pre-treatment and treatment methods are discussed. Regulations governing waste disposal are also considered along with the economics of waste disposal. Both alcoholic and soft drink beverages are considered. (This updated bibliography contains 223 citations, all of which are new entries to the previous edition.)

Waste treatment: Beverage industry. January 1972-December 1983 (Citations from the Food Science and Technology Abstracts data base). Report for January 1972-December 1983

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

This bibliography contains citations concerning the treatment of effluents from beverage-industry processes. Particular emphasis is on brewery and winery effluent treatment. Characteristics of the waste products and pre-treatment and treatment methods are discussed. Regulations governing waste disposal are also considered along with the economics of waste disposal. Both alcoholic and soft drink beverages are considered. (This updated bibliography contains 312 citations, none of which are new entries to the previous edition.)

Internal combustion engine fuel controls. December 1970-December 1989 (Citations from the US Patent data base). Report for December 1970-December 1989

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1990-01-01

This bibliography contains citations of selected patents concerning fuel control devices, and methods used to regulate speed and load in internal combustion engines. Techniques utilized to control air-fuel ratios by sensing pressure, temperature, and exhaust composition, and the employment of electronic and feedback devices are discussed. Methods used for engine protection and optimum fuel conservation are considered. (This updated bibliography contains 327 citations, 160 of which are new entries to the previous edition.)

Live-Cell Imaging of Early Steps of Single HIV-1 Infection.

PubMed

Francis, Ashwanth C; Melikyan, Gregory B

2018-05-19

Live-cell imaging of single HIV-1 entry offers a unique opportunity to delineate the spatio-temporal regulation of infection. Novel virus labeling and imaging approaches enable the visualization of key steps of HIV-1 entry leading to nuclear import, integration into the host genome, and viral protein expression. Here, we discuss single virus imaging strategies, focusing on live-cell imaging of single virus fusion and productive uncoating that culminates in HIV-1 infection.

Entry Guidance for the Reusable Launch Vehicle

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lu, Ping

1999-01-01

The X-33 Advanced Technology Demonstrator is a half-scale prototype developed to test the key technologies needed for a full-scale single-stage reusable launch vehicle (RLV). The X-33 is a suborbital vehicle that will be launched vertically, and land horizontally. The goals of this research were to develop an alternate entry guidance scheme for the X-33 in parallel to the actual X-33 entry guidance algorithms, provide comparative and complementary study, and identify potential new ways to improve entry guidance performance. Toward these goals, the nominal entry trajectory is defined by a piecewise linear drag-acceleration-versus-energy profile, which is in turn obtained by the solution of a semi-analytical parameter optimization problem. The closed-loop guidance is accomplished by tracking the nominal drag profile with primarily bank-angle modulation on-board. The bank-angle is commanded by a single full-envelope nonlinear trajectory control law. Near the end of the entry flight, the guidance logic is switched to heading control in order to meet strict conditions at the terminal area energy management interface. Two methods, one on ground-track control and the other on heading control, were proposed and examined for this phase of entry guidance where lateral control is emphasized. Trajectory dispersion studies were performed to evaluate the effectiveness of the entry guidance algorithms against a number of uncertainties including those in propulsion system, atmospheric properties, winds, aerodynamics, and propellant loading. Finally, a new trajectory-regulation method is introduced at the end as a promising precision entry guidance method. The guidance principle is very different and preliminary application in X-33 entry guidance simulation showed high precision that is difficult to achieve by existing methods.

A theoretical study of the initiation, maintenance and termination of gastric slow wave re-entry.

PubMed

Du, Peng; Paskaranandavadivel, Niranchan; O'Grady, Greg; Tang, Shou-Jiang; Cheng, Leo K

2015-12-01

Gastric slow wave dysrhythmias are associated with motility disorders. Periods of tachygastria associated with slow wave re-entry were recently recognized as one important dysrhythmia mechanism, but factors promoting and sustaining gastric re-entry are currently unknown. This study reports two experimental forms of gastric re-entry and presents a series of multi-scale models that define criteria for slow wave re-entry initiation, maintenance and termination. High-resolution electrical mapping was conducted in porcine and canine models and two spatiotemporal patterns of re-entrant activities were captured: single-loop rotor and double-loop figure-of-eight. Two separate multi-scale mathematical models were developed to reproduce the velocity and entrainment frequency of these experimental recordings. A single-pulse stimulus was used to invoke a rotor re-entry in the porcine model and a figure-of-eight re-entry in the canine model. In both cases, the simulated re-entrant activities were found to be perpetuated by tachygastria that was accompanied by a reduction in the propagation velocity in the re-entrant pathways. The simulated re-entrant activities were terminated by a single-pulse stimulus targeted at the tip of re-entrant wave, after which normal antegrade propagation was restored by the underlying intrinsic frequency gradient. (i) the stability of re-entry is regulated by stimulus timing, intrinsic frequency gradient and conductivity; (ii) tachygastria due to re-entry increases the frequency gradient while showing decreased propagation velocity; (iii) re-entry may be effectively terminated by a targeted stimulus at the core, allowing the intrinsic slow wave conduction system to re-establish itself. © The authors 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.

A theoretical study of the initiation, maintenance and termination of gastric slow wave re-entry

PubMed Central

Du, Peng; Paskaranandavadivel, Niranchan; O’Grady, Greg; Tang, Shou-Jiang; Cheng, Leo K.

2015-01-01

Gastric slow wave dysrhythmias are associated with motility disorders. Periods of tachygastria associated with slow wave re-entry were recently recognized as one important dysrhythmia mechanism, but factors promoting and sustaining gastric re-entry are currently unknown. This study reports two experimental forms of gastric re-entry and presents a series of multi-scale models that define criteria for slow wave re-entry initiation, maintenance and termination. High-resolution electrical mapping was conducted in porcine and canine models and two spatiotemporal patterns of re-entrant activities were captured: single-loop rotor and double-loop figure-of-eight. Two separate multi-scale mathematical models were developed to reproduce the velocity and entrainment frequency of these experimental recordings. A single-pulse stimulus was used to invoke a rotor re-entry in the porcine model and a figure-of-eight re-entry in the canine model. In both cases, the simulated re-entrant activities were found to be perpetuated by tachygastria that was accompanied by a reduction in the propagation velocity in the re-entrant pathways. The simulated re-entrant activities were terminated by a single-pulse stimulus targeted at the tip of re-entrant wave, after which normal antegrade propagation was restored by the underlying intrinsic frequency gradient. Main findings: (i) the stability of re-entry is regulated by stimulus timing, intrinsic frequency gradient and conductivity; (ii) tachygastria due to re-entry increases the frequency gradient while showing decreased propagation velocity; (iii) re-entry may be effectively terminated by a targeted stimulus at the core, allowing the intrinsic slow wave conduction system to re-establish itself. PMID:25552487

32 CFR 525.2 - Background and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.2 Background and..., and aircraft into Kwajalein Missile Range is exercised through the Commander, Ballistic Missile...

32 CFR 525.2 - Background and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.2 Background and..., and aircraft into Kwajalein Missile Range is exercised through the Commander, Ballistic Missile...

32 CFR 525.2 - Background and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.2 Background and..., and aircraft into Kwajalein Missile Range is exercised through the Commander, Ballistic Missile...

32 CFR 525.2 - Background and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.2 Background and..., and aircraft into Kwajalein Missile Range is exercised through the Commander, Ballistic Missile...

32 CFR 525.2 - Background and authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... PUBLIC RELATIONS ENTRY AUTHORIZATION REGULATION FOR KWAJALEIN MISSILE RANGE § 525.2 Background and..., and aircraft into Kwajalein Missile Range is exercised through the Commander, Ballistic Missile...

32 CFR 770.58 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.58 Violations. (a) Any person entering or remaining on Portsmouth Naval Shipyard without the...

32 CFR 770.58 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.58 Violations. (a) Any person entering or remaining on Portsmouth Naval Shipyard without the...

32 CFR 770.58 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.58 Violations. (a) Any person entering or remaining on Portsmouth Naval Shipyard without the...

32 CFR 770.58 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.58 Violations. (a) Any person entering or remaining on Portsmouth Naval Shipyard without the...

32 CFR 770.58 - Violations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard, Portsmouth, New Hampshire § 770.58 Violations. (a) Any person entering or remaining on Portsmouth Naval Shipyard without the...

Changes in need satisfaction and motivation orientation as predictors of psychological and behavioural outcomes in exercise referral.

PubMed

Rahman, Rachel Jane; Thogersen-Ntoumani, Cecilie; Thatcher, Joanne; Doust, Jonathan

2011-11-01

Employing Self-Determination Theory (Deci & Ryan, 1985) as a theoretical framework, this study examined psychological need satisfaction and motivational regulations as predictors of psychological and behavioural outcomes in exercise referral (ER). ER patients (N = 293; mean age 54.49) completed the measures of motivational regulations, psychological need satisfaction, health-related quality of life, life satisfaction, anxiety, depression and physical activity at entry, exit and 6 months following the end of a supervised exercise programme. Change in (Δ) intrinsic motivation during the scheme significantly predicted adherence and Δ habitual physical activity. Δ psychological need satisfaction from entry to exit significantly predicted Δ habitual physical activity from exit to 6-month follow-up. Δ psychological need satisfaction significantly predicted Δ motivational regulation and Δ psychological outcomes. Contrary to expectations, Δ self-determined regulation did not significantly predict Δ psychological outcomes during the structured part of the scheme, however, it did significantly predict Δ in psychological outcomes from exit to 6-month follow-up. These findings expand on cross-sectional research to demonstrate that psychological need satisfaction during supervised ER longitudinally predicts motivational regulation and psychological outcomes up to 6 months after a structured programme.

A pupal transcriptomic screen identifies Ral as a target of store-operated calcium entry in Drosophila neurons

PubMed Central

Richhariya, Shlesha; Jayakumar, Siddharth; Abruzzi, Katharine; Rosbash, Michael; Hasan, Gaiti

2017-01-01

Transcriptional regulation by Store-operated Calcium Entry (SOCE) is well studied in non-excitable cells. However, the role of SOCE has been poorly documented in neuronal cells with more complicated calcium dynamics. Previous reports demonstrated a requirement for SOCE in neurons that regulate Drosophila flight bouts. We refine this requirement temporally to the early pupal stage and use RNA-sequencing to identify SOCE mediated gene expression changes in the developing Drosophila pupal nervous system. Down regulation of dStim, the endoplasmic reticular calcium sensor and a principal component of SOCE in the nervous system, altered the expression of 131 genes including Ral, a small GTPase. Disruption of Ral function in neurons impaired flight, whereas ectopic expression of Ral in SOCE-compromised neurons restored flight. Through live imaging of calcium transients from cultured pupal neurons, we confirmed that Ral does not participate in SOCE, but acts downstream of it. These results identify neuronal SOCE as a mechanism that regulates expression of specific genes during development of the pupal nervous system and emphasizes the relevance of SOCE-regulated gene expression to flight circuit maturation. PMID:28195208

78 FR 23843 - Special Local Regulations; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-23

...-AA08 Special Local Regulations; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary... Festival high speed boat races. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this area is prohibited to all... Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary Lake; Moss Point, MS. (a) Location. The...

78 FR 59237 - Regulated Navigation Area-Weymouth Fore River, Fore River Bridge Construction, Weymouth and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-26

...-AA11 Regulated Navigation Area--Weymouth Fore River, Fore River Bridge Construction, Weymouth and... vicinity of the Fore River Bridge (Mile 3.5) between Weymouth and Quincy, MA. This rule will place temporary speed, wake, and entry restrictions on vessels during bridge replacement operations. This rule is...

31 CFR 357.12 - A Participant's Security Entitlement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... TREASURY BONDS, NOTES AND BILLS HELD IN LEGACY TREASURY DIRECT Treasury/Reserve Automated Debt Entry System... statute, regulation, or agreement) it is created; it is perfected; and it has priority over any other... regulation, or (ii) To the extent set forth in any specific agreement with the Federal Reserve Bank on whose...

Transition to Kindergarten: Negative Associations between the Emotional Availability in Mother–Child Relationships and Elevated Cortisol Levels in Children with an Immigrant Background

PubMed Central

Rickmeyer, Constanze; Lebiger-Vogel, Judith; Leuzinger-Bohleber, Marianne

2017-01-01

Background: The transition to child care is a challenging time in a child’s life and leads to elevated levels of cortisol. These elevations may be influenced by the quality of the mother–child relationship. However, remarkably little is known about cortisol production in response to the beginning of child care among children-at-risk such as children with an immigrant background. However, attending kindergarten or any other child day-care institution can for example have a compensating effect on potential language deficits thus improving the educational opportunities of these children. Method: Data of a subsample of N = 24 “hard-to-reach” mother–child dyads was collected in the context of the psychoanalytic early prevention project FIRST STEPS. The project focuses on the earliest integration of children with an immigrant background by supporting parenting capacities in the critical phase of migration and early parenthood. Children’s hair cortisol concentration (HCC) was assessed 1 week before (mean age = 38.77 months) and 3 months after kindergarten entry (mean age = 42.26 months). Hair analysis was conducted for both times of measurement, reflecting the first 3 months after kindergarten entry and 3 months prior. Furthermore, the emotional quality of the mother–child relationship was assessed with the help of the Emotional Availability Scales (EAS; Biringen, 2008) shortly before kindergarten entry when the children were about 3 years old (mean age = 37.2). Results and Conclusion: Children’s mean cumulated HCC was higher after kindergarten entry than before. The increase correlated negatively with several dimensions of the EAS. Repeated measures ANCOVA revealed that particularly responsive children and children who had experienced less intrusive mother–child relationships demonstrated lower elevations in HCC after kindergarten entry. Furthermore, a decreased EA score was found in all EA dimensions, besides the dimension “mother’s non-hostility,” indicating problematic EA within the mother–child relationships of the sample. The results suggest that children with an immigrant background who experience more emotional available mother–child relationships seem to regulate stress induced by kindergarten entry more effectively, indicated by lower cortisol elevations after entry. This implicates that supporting early mother–child relationships by intervention may have a positive effect on the children’s ability to regulate stress induced by kindergarten entry thus promoting child development. PMID:28512436

HSV-1 interaction to 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate in mouse-derived DRG explant and profiles of inflammatory markers during virus infection.

PubMed

Sharthiya, Harsh; Seng, Chanmoly; Van Kuppevelt, T H; Tiwari, Vaibhav; Fornaro, Michele

2017-06-01

The molecular mechanism of herpes simplex virus (HSV) entry and the associated inflammatory response in the nervous system remain poorly understood. Using mouse-derived ex vivo dorsal root ganglia (DRG) explant model and single cell neurons (SCNs), in this study, we provided a visual evidence for the expression of heparan sulfate (HS) and 3-O-sulfated heparan sulfate (3-OS HS) followed by their interactions with HSV-1 glycoprotein B (gB) and glycoprotein D (gD) during cell entry. Upon heparanase treatment of DRG-derived SCN, a significant inhibition of HSV-1 entry was observed suggesting the involvement of HS role during viral entry. Finally, a cytokine array profile generated during HSV-1 infection in DRG explant indicated an enhanced expression of chemokines (LIX, TIMP-2, and M-CSF)-known regulators of HS. Taken together, these results highlight the significance of HS during HSV-1 entry in DRG explant. Further investigation is needed to understand which isoforms of 3-O-sulfotransferase (3-OST)-generated HS contributed during HSV-1 infection and associated cell damage.

A dynamic T cell–limited checkpoint regulates affinity-dependent B cell entry into the germinal center

PubMed Central

Schwickert, Tanja A.; Victora, Gabriel D.; Fooksman, David R.; Kamphorst, Alice O.; Mugnier, Monica R.; Gitlin, Alexander D.; Dustin, Michael L.

2011-01-01

The germinal center (GC) reaction is essential for the generation of the somatically hypermutated, high-affinity antibodies that mediate adaptive immunity. Entry into the GC is limited to a small number of B cell clones; however, the process by which this limited number of clones is selected is unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that low-affinity B cells intrinsically capable of seeding a GC reaction fail to expand and become activated in the presence of higher-affinity B cells even before GC coalescence. Live multiphoton imaging shows that selection is based on the amount of peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) presented to cognate T cells within clusters of responding B and T cells at the T–B border. We propose a model in which T cell help is restricted to the B cells with the highest amounts of pMHC, thus allowing for a dynamic affinity threshold to be imposed on antigen-binding B cells. PMID:21576382

A review of the organization, regulation, and financing practices of postgraduate education in clinical nursing in 12 European countries.

PubMed

Rautiainen, Elina; Vallimies-Patomäki, Marjukka

2016-01-01

The aim of this study was to generate information of postgraduate education in clinical nursing in the EU member states. Data were collected via a structured electronic questionnaire and the questionnaire was sent to the government chief nurses in 26 EU countries in May 2013. Response rate was 46% (n=12). In total, 42 domains of specialization were identified. The most common domains were intensive care, mental health, operating room, emergency care, and pediatrics. Specialization programs were organized by university in two of the respondent countries, as residency program in one country, and as a mix of them in four countries. Regulation practices varied remarkably between the countries: scope of practice, subjects, entry requirements, length of education, description of the minimum competence requirements, and education standards related to the specialization programs were most often regulated by act, decree or other regulation. In some of the countries, no registration was required beyond the initial registration, whereas in some others, registration practices varied depending on the specialization program. New information was gathered on the regulation practices of postgraduate education in clinical nursing in the European Region concerning title provision, entry requirements, and financing practices. The awarded title on specialization programs depended on the level of postgraduate education, and the title might vary between the domains. General clinical experience was included in the entry requirements in seven countries. The government was mainly responsible for financing the postgraduate education in four countries, employer in three countries, and in the rest of the countries, there was a combination of different financiers. The importance of knowledge exchange on postgraduate education across the European countries needs to be acknowledged. Information provided by this study on international regulation practices provides useful information for the policy-makers regarding the organization of the postgraduate education in clinical nursing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Emotion regulation promotes persistence in a residential substance abuse treatment.

PubMed

Hopwood, Christopher J; Schade, Nick; Matusiewicz, Alexis; Daughters, Stacey B; Lejuez, Carl W

2015-01-01

Emotion regulation at treatment entry was evaluated among 115 patients in an inner-city substance use residential facility who either persisted (N = 94) or discontinued treatment (N = 21). Emotion regulation capacity including emotional clarity and the ability to engage in goal-directed behavior despite emotional distress, as well as lower scores on a measure of trait-negative emotionality, were associated with treatment persistence, whereas motivational variables were not. Findings indicate the importance of regulating negative emotions for treatment engagement among substance abusers.

Price regulation and generic competition in the pharmaceutical market.

PubMed

Dalen, Dag Morten; Strøm, Steinar; Haabeth, Tonje

2006-09-01

In March 2003 the Norwegian government implemented yardstick-based price regulation schemes on a selection of drugs subjected to generic competition. The retail price cap, termed the "index price," on a drug (chemical substance) was set equal to the average of the three lowest producer prices on that drug, plus a fixed wholesale and retail margin. This is supposed to lower barriers of entry for generic drugs and to trigger price competition. Using monthly data over the period 1998-2004 for the six drugs (chemical entities) included in the index price system, we estimate a structural model enabling us to examine the impact of the reform on both demand and market power. Our results suggest that the index price helped to increase the market shares of generic drugs and succeeded in triggering price competition.

2. INTERIOR VIEW OF ENTRY CONTROL POINT (BLDG. 768) FROM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. INTERIOR VIEW OF ENTRY CONTROL POINT (BLDG. 768) FROM SOUTHWEST CORNER - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Entry Control Point, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

32 CFR 770.36 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... Puerto Rico include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Naval Station, Roosevelt Roads (including the...

32 CFR 770.36 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico... Puerto Rico include, but are not limited to, the U.S. Naval Station, Roosevelt Roads (including the...

32 CFR 770.37 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico § 770.37 Background. In accordance with 32 CFR 765.4, Naval installations and properties in Puerto Rico...

32 CFR 770.37 - Background.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... ACCESS TO PARTICULAR INSTALLATIONS Entry Regulations for Naval Installations and Property in Puerto Rico § 770.37 Background. In accordance with 32 CFR 765.4, Naval installations and properties in Puerto Rico...

13 CFR 142.4 - What is a statement?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... REGULATIONS Overview and Definitions § 142.4 What is a statement? A “statement” means any written representation, certification, affirmation, document, record, or accounting or bookkeeping entry made with...

Regulator for intravenous feeding

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dimeff, J.

1975-01-01

Float valve maintains constant level of solution, providing constant drop rate as long as solution can flow into patient's vein. Second float valve allows solution to enter vein, but prevents entry of air.

SOUTHWEST SIDE OF TANK, WITH ENTRY DOOR. Looking northeast ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SOUTHWEST SIDE OF TANK, WITH ENTRY DOOR. Looking northeast - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Tank & Garage, Rogers Dry Lake, east of Runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

Design of a Template for Handwriting Based Hindi Text Entry in Handheld Devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gangopadhyay, Diya; Vasal, Ityam; Yammiyavar, Pradeep

Mobile phones, in the recent times, have become affordable and accessible to a wider range of users including the hitherto technologically and economically under-represented segments. Indian users are a gigantic consumer base for mobile phones. With Hindi being one of the most widely spoken languages in the country and the primary tool of communication for about a third of its population, an effective solution for Hindi text entry in mobile devices is expected to be immensely useful to the non English speaking users. This paper proposes a mobile phone handwriting based text entry solution for Hindi language, which allows for an easy text entry method, while facilitating better recognition accuracy.

Depressive Symptomatology and Academic Achievement among First-Year College Students: The Role of Effort Regulation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boyraz, Güler; Horne, Sharon G.; Granda, Rebecca

2017-01-01

We conducted 2 studies to determine whether the relationship between depressive symptomatology and college GPA is mediated by effort regulation and to understand how depressive symptomatology upon entry to college affects students' adjustment and academic achievement later in the first year of college. In Study 1, we found that the relationship…

39 CFR 233.9 - Regulations governing remission or mitigation of administrative, civil, and criminal forfeitures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... responsibilities delegated by the regulations in this section may be re-delegated to attorneys or managers working... property forfeited for which remission or mitigation is sought (e.g., a real estate mortgage; a mechanic's... to the entry of a declaration of forfeiture; and (B) Could not reasonably have known of the seizure...

39 CFR 233.9 - Regulations governing remission or mitigation of administrative, civil, and criminal forfeitures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... responsibilities delegated by the regulations in this section may be re-delegated to attorneys or managers working... property forfeited for which remission or mitigation is sought (e.g., a real estate mortgage; a mechanic's... to the entry of a declaration of forfeiture; and (B) Could not reasonably have known of the seizure...

39 CFR 233.9 - Regulations governing remission or mitigation of administrative, civil, and criminal forfeitures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... responsibilities delegated by the regulations in this section may be re-delegated to attorneys or managers working... property forfeited for which remission or mitigation is sought (e.g., a real estate mortgage; a mechanic's... to the entry of a declaration of forfeiture; and (B) Could not reasonably have known of the seizure...

78 FR 9866 - Special Local Regulation; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-02-12

... 1625-AA08 Special Local Regulation; Moss Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O... Riverfront Festival high speed boat races. Entry into, transiting or anchoring in this area is prohibited to... Point Rockin' the Riverfront Festival; Robertson Lake & O'Leary Lake; Moss Point, MS. (a) Location. The...

33 CFR 165.T01-0876 - Regulated Navigation Area-Weymouth Fore River, Fore River Bridge Construction, Weymouth and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... within the RNA must proceed as directed when hailed by a Coast Guard vessel by siren, radio, flashing.... This RNA will be enforced intermittently, depending on risks posed by the ongoing construction project... regulations, entry into, anchoring, or movement within the RNA, during periods of enforcement, is prohibited...

Hepatitis C virus depends on E-cadherin as an entry factor and regulates its expression in epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition.

PubMed

Li, Qisheng; Sodroski, Catherine; Lowey, Brianna; Schweitzer, Cameron J; Cha, Helen; Zhang, Fang; Liang, T Jake

2016-07-05

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) enters the host cell through interactions with a cascade of cellular factors. Although significant progress has been made in understanding HCV entry, the precise mechanisms by which HCV exploits the receptor complex and host machinery to enter the cell remain unclear. This intricate process of viral entry likely depends on additional yet-to-be-defined cellular molecules. Recently, by applying integrative functional genomics approaches, we identified and interrogated distinct sets of host dependencies in the complete HCV life cycle. Viral entry assays using HCV pseudoparticles (HCVpps) of various genotypes uncovered multiple previously unappreciated host factors, including E-cadherin, that mediate HCV entry. E-cadherin silencing significantly inhibited HCV infection in Huh7.5.1 cells, HepG2/miR122/CD81 cells, and primary human hepatocytes at a postbinding entry step. Knockdown of E-cadherin, however, had no effect on HCV RNA replication or internal ribosomal entry site (IRES)-mediated translation. In addition, an E-cadherin monoclonal antibody effectively blocked HCV entry and infection in hepatocytes. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that E-cadherin is closely associated with claudin-1 (CLDN1) and occludin (OCLN) on the cell membrane. Depletion of E-cadherin drastically diminished the cell-surface distribution of these two tight junction proteins in various hepatic cell lines, indicating that E-cadherin plays an important regulatory role in CLDN1/OCLN localization on the cell surface. Furthermore, loss of E-cadherin expression in hepatocytes is associated with HCV-induced epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), providing an important link between HCV infection and liver cancer. Our data indicate that a dynamic interplay among E-cadherin, tight junctions, and EMT exists and mediates an important function in HCV entry.

SOUTHWEST REAR, SHOWING CLOSED ENTRY HATCH, BUILDING 1934. Looking north ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

SOUTHWEST REAR, SHOWING CLOSED ENTRY HATCH, BUILDING 1934. Looking north - Edwards Air Force Base, X-15 Engine Test Complex, Observation Bunker Types, Rogers Dry Lake, east of runway between North Base & South Base, Boron, Kern County, CA

An Efficient User Interface Design for Nursing Information System Based on Integrated Patient Order Information.

PubMed

Chu, Chia-Hui; Kuo, Ming-Chuan; Weng, Shu-Hui; Lee, Ting-Ting

2016-01-01

A user friendly interface can enhance the efficiency of data entry, which is crucial for building a complete database. In this study, two user interfaces (traditional pull-down menu vs. check boxes) are proposed and evaluated based on medical records with fever medication orders by measuring the time for data entry, steps for each data entry record, and the complete rate of each medical record. The result revealed that the time for data entry is reduced from 22.8 sec/record to 3.2 sec/record. The data entry procedures also have reduced from 9 steps in the traditional one to 3 steps in the new one. In addition, the completeness of medical records is increased from 20.2% to 98%. All these results indicate that the new user interface provides a more user friendly and efficient approach for data entry than the traditional interface.

Shuttle launched flight tests - Supporting technology for planetary entry missions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vetter, H. C.; Mcneilly, W. R.; Siemers, P. M., III; Nachtsheim, P. R.

1975-01-01

The feasibility of conducting Space Shuttle-launched earth entry flight tests to enhance the technology base for second generation planetary entry missions is examined. Outer planet entry environments are reviewed, translated into earth entry requirements and used to establish entry test system design and cost characteristics. Entry speeds up to those needed to simulate radiative heating levels of more than 30 kW/sq cm are shown to be possible. A standardized recoverable test bed concept is described that is capable of accommodating a wide range of entry technology experiments. The economic advantage of shared Shuttle launches are shown to be achievable through a test system configured to the volume constraints of a single Spacelab pallet using existing propulsion components.

Vulnerability to re-entry in simulated two-dimensional cardiac tissue: effects of electrical restitution and stimulation sequence.

PubMed

Tran, Diana X; Yang, Ming-Jim; Weiss, James N; Garfinkel, Alan; Qu, Zhilin

2007-12-01

Ventricular fibrillation is a lethal arrhythmia characterized by multiple wavelets usually starting from a single or figure-of-eight re-entrant circuit. Understanding the factors regulating vulnerability to the re-entry is essential for developing effective therapeutic strategies to prevent ventricular fibrillation. In this study, we investigated how pre-existing tissue heterogeneities and electrical restitution properties affect the initiation of re-entry by premature extrastimuli in two-dimensional cardiac tissue models. We studied two pacing protocols for inducing re-entry following the "sinus" rhythm (S1) beat: (1) a single premature (S2) extrastimulus in heterogeneous tissue; (2) two premature extrastimuli (S2 and S3) in homogeneous tissue. In the first case, the vulnerable window of re-entry is determined by the spatial dimension and extent of the heterogeneity, and is also affected by electrical restitution properties and the location of the premature stimulus. The vulnerable window first increases as the action potential duration (APD) difference between the inside and outside of the heterogeneous region increases, but then decreases as this difference increases further. Steeper APD restitution reduces the vulnerable window of re-entry. In the second case, electrical restitution plays an essential role. When APD restitution is flat, no re-entry can be induced. When APD restitution is steep, re-entry can be induced by an S3 over a range of S1S2 intervals, which is also affected by conduction velocity restitution. When APD restitution is even steeper, the vulnerable window is reduced due to collision of the spiral tips.

Involvement of phosphoinositide 3-kinase and PTEN protein in mechanism of activation of TRPC6 protein in vascular smooth muscle cells.

PubMed

Monet, Michaël; Francoeur, Nancy; Boulay, Guylain

2012-05-18

TRPC6 is a cation channel in the plasma membrane that plays a role in Ca(2+) entry after the stimulation of a G(q)-protein-coupled or tyrosine-kinase receptor. TRPC6 translocates to the plasma membrane upon stimulation and remains there as long as the stimulus is present. However, the mechanism that regulates the trafficking and activation of TRPC6 are unclear. In this study we showed phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its antagonistic phosphatase, PTEN, are involved in the activation of TRPC6. The inhibition of PI3K by PIK-93, LY294002, or wortmannin decreased carbachol-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and carbachol-induced net Ca(2+) entry into T6.11 cells. Conversely, a reduction of PTEN expression did not affect carbachol-induced externalization of TRPC6 but increased Ca(2+) entry through TRPC6 in T6.11 cells. We also showed that the PI3K/PTEN pathway regulates vasopressin-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and vasopressin-induced Ca(2+) entry into A7r5 cells, which endogenously express TRPC6. In summary, we provided evidence that the PI3K/PTEN pathway plays an important role in the translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and may thus have a significant impact on Ca(2+) signaling in cells that endogenously express TRPC6.

Involvement of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase and PTEN Protein in Mechanism of Activation of TRPC6 Protein in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells*

PubMed Central

Monet, Michaël; Francoeur, Nancy; Boulay, Guylain

2012-01-01

TRPC6 is a cation channel in the plasma membrane that plays a role in Ca2+ entry after the stimulation of a Gq-protein-coupled or tyrosine-kinase receptor. TRPC6 translocates to the plasma membrane upon stimulation and remains there as long as the stimulus is present. However, the mechanism that regulates the trafficking and activation of TRPC6 are unclear. In this study we showed phosphoinositide 3-kinase and its antagonistic phosphatase, PTEN, are involved in the activation of TRPC6. The inhibition of PI3K by PIK-93, LY294002, or wortmannin decreased carbachol-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and carbachol-induced net Ca2+ entry into T6.11 cells. Conversely, a reduction of PTEN expression did not affect carbachol-induced externalization of TRPC6 but increased Ca2+ entry through TRPC6 in T6.11 cells. We also showed that the PI3K/PTEN pathway regulates vasopressin-induced translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and vasopressin-induced Ca2+ entry into A7r5 cells, which endogenously express TRPC6. In summary, we provided evidence that the PI3K/PTEN pathway plays an important role in the translocation of TRPC6 to the plasma membrane and may thus have a significant impact on Ca2+ signaling in cells that endogenously express TRPC6. PMID:22493444

HIV-1 stimulates nuclear entry of amyloid beta via dynamin dependent EEA1 and TGF-β/Smad signaling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

András, Ibolya E., E-mail: iandras@med.miami; Toborek, Michal, E-mail: mtoborek@med.miami.edu

Clinical evidence indicates increased amyloid deposition in HIV-1-infected brains, which contributes to neurocognitive dysfunction in infected patients. Here we show that HIV-1 exposure stimulates amyloid beta (Aβ) nuclear entry in human brain endothelial cells (HBMEC), the main component of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). Treatment with HIV-1 and/or Aβ resulted in concurrent increase in early endosomal antigen-1 (EEA1), Smad, and phosphorylated Smad (pSmad) in nuclear fraction of HBMEC. A series of inhibition and silencing studies indicated that Smad and EEA1 closely interact by influencing their own nuclear entry; the effect that was attenuated by dynasore, a blocker of GTP-ase activity ofmore » dynamin. Importantly, inhibition of dynamin, EEA1, or TGF-β/Smad effectively attenuated HIV-1-induced Aβ accumulation in the nuclei of HBMEC. The present study indicates that nuclear uptake of Aβ involves the dynamin-dependent EEA1 and TGF-β/Smad signaling pathways. These results identify potential novel targets to protect against HIV-1-associated dysregulation of amyloid processes at the BBB level. - Highlights: • HIV-1 induces nuclear accumulation of amyloid beta (Aβ) in brain endothelial cells. • EEA-1 and TGF-Β/Smad act in concert to regulate nuclear entry of Aβ. • Dynamin appropriates the EEA-1 and TGF-Β/Smad signaling. • Dynamin serves as a master regulator of HIV-1-induced nuclear accumulation of Aβ.« less

A non-capacitative pathway activated by arachidonic acid is the major Ca2+ entry mechanism in rat A7r5 smooth muscle cells stimulated with low concentrations of vasopressin

PubMed Central

Broad, Lisa M; Cannon, Toby R; Taylor, Colin W

1999-01-01

Depletion of the Ca2+ stores of A7r5 cells stimulated Ca2+, though not Sr2+, entry. Vasopressin (AVP) or platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) stimulated Sr2+ entry. The cells therefore express a capacitative pathway activated by empty stores and a non-capacitative pathway stimulated by receptors; only the former is permeable to Mn2+ and only the latter to Sr2+. Neither empty stores nor inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP3) binding to its receptors are required for activation of the non-capacitative pathway, because microinjection of cells with heparin prevented PDGF-evoked Ca2+ mobilization but not Sr2+ entry. Low concentrations of Gd3+ irreversibly blocked capacitative Ca2+ entry without affecting AVP-evoked Sr2+ entry. After inhibition of the capacitative pathway with Gd3+, AVP evoked a substantial increase in cytosolic [Ca2+], confirming that the non-capacitative pathway can evoke a significant increase in cytosolic [Ca2+]. Arachidonic acid mimicked the effect of AVP on Sr2+ entry without stimulating Mn2+ entry; the Sr2+ entry was inhibited by 100 μM Gd3+, but not by 1 μM Gd3+ which completely inhibited capacitative Ca2+ entry. The effects of arachidonic acid did not require its metabolism. AVP-evoked Sr2+ entry was unaffected by isotetrandrine, an inhibitor of G protein-coupled phospholipase A2. U73122, an inhibitor of phosphoinositidase C, inhibited AVP-evoked formation of inositol phosphates and Sr2+ entry. The effects of phorbol esters and Ro31-8220 (a protein kinase C inhibitor) established that protein kinase C did not mediate the effects of AVP on the non-capacitative pathway. An inhibitor of diacylglycerol lipase, RHC-80267, inhibited AVP-evoked Sr2+ entry without affecting capacitative Ca2+ entry or release of Ca2+ stores. Selective inhibition of capacitative Ca2+ entry with Gd3+ revealed that the non-capacitative pathway is the major route for the Ca2+ entry evoked by low AVP concentrations. We conclude that in A7r5 cells, the Ca2+ entry evoked by low concentrations of AVP is mediated largely by a non-capacitative pathway directly regulated by arachidonic acid produced by the sequential activities of phosphoinositidase C and diacylglycerol lipase. PMID:10226154

View of entry portal into bomb shelter. Wood blocking has ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of entry portal into bomb shelter. Wood blocking has been installed to prevent entry, view facing north - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Splinterproof Shelter, Seventh Street between Avenues E & G, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

View of entry portal into bomb shelter. Wood blocking has ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

View of entry portal into bomb shelter. Wood blocking has been installed to prevent entry, view facing northwest - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Splinterproof Shelter, Seventh Street between Avenues E & G, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

Reference pricing with endogenous generic entry.

PubMed

Brekke, Kurt R; Canta, Chiara; Straume, Odd Rune

2016-12-01

Reference pricing intends to reduce pharmaceutical expenditures by increasing demand elasticity and stimulating generic competition. We develop a novel model where a brand-name producer competes in prices with several generics producers in a market with brand-biased and brand-neutral consumers. Comparing with coinsurance, we show that reference pricing, contrary to policy makers' intentions, discourages generic entry, as it induces the brand-name producer to price more aggressively. Thus, the net effect of reference pricing on drug prices is ambiguous, implying that reference pricing can be counterproductive in reducing expenditures. However, under price regulation, we show that reference pricing may stimulate generic entry, since a binding price cap weakens the aggressive price response by the brand-name producer. This may explain mixed empirical results on the competitive effects of reference pricing. Finally, we show that reference pricing may be welfare improving when accounting for brand preferences despite its adverse effects on entry and prices. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Fat cells reactivate quiescent neuroblasts via TOR and glial insulin relays in Drosophila.

PubMed

Sousa-Nunes, Rita; Yee, Lih Ling; Gould, Alex P

2011-03-24

Many stem, progenitor and cancer cells undergo periods of mitotic quiescence from which they can be reactivated. The signals triggering entry into and exit from this reversible dormant state are not well understood. In the developing Drosophila central nervous system, multipotent self-renewing progenitors called neuroblasts undergo quiescence in a stereotypical spatiotemporal pattern. Entry into quiescence is regulated by Hox proteins and an internal neuroblast timer. Exit from quiescence (reactivation) is subject to a nutritional checkpoint requiring dietary amino acids. Organ co-cultures also implicate an unidentified signal from an adipose/hepatic-like tissue called the fat body. Here we provide in vivo evidence that Slimfast amino-acid sensing and Target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling activate a fat-body-derived signal (FDS) required for neuroblast reactivation. Downstream of this signal, Insulin-like receptor signalling and the Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/TOR network are required in neuroblasts for exit from quiescence. We demonstrate that nutritionally regulated glial cells provide the source of Insulin-like peptides (ILPs) relevant for timely neuroblast reactivation but not for overall larval growth. Conversely, ILPs secreted into the haemolymph by median neurosecretory cells systemically control organismal size but do not reactivate neuroblasts. Drosophila thus contains two segregated ILP pools, one regulating proliferation within the central nervous system and the other controlling tissue growth systemically. Our findings support a model in which amino acids trigger the cell cycle re-entry of neural progenitors via a fat-body-glia-neuroblasts relay. This mechanism indicates that dietary nutrients and remote organs, as well as local niches, are key regulators of transitions in stem-cell behaviour.

The TRPM7 channel kinase regulates store-operated calcium entry.

PubMed

Faouzi, Malika; Kilch, Tatiana; Horgen, F David; Fleig, Andrea; Penner, Reinhold

2017-05-15

Pharmacological and molecular inhibition of transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) reduces store-operated calcium entry (SOCE). Overexpression of TRPM7 in TRPM7 -/- cells restores SOCE. TRPM7 is not a store-operated calcium channel. TRPM7 kinase rather than channel modulates SOCE. TRPM7 channel activity contributes to the maintenance of store Ca 2+ levels at rest. The transient receptor potential melastatin 7 (TRPM7) is a protein that combines an ion channel with an intrinsic kinase domain, enabling it to modulate cellular functions either by conducting ions through the pore or by phosphorylating downstream proteins via its kinase domain. In the present study, we report store-operated calcium entry (SOCE) as a novel target of TRPM7 kinase activity. TRPM7-deficient chicken DT40 B lymphocytes exhibit a strongly impaired SOCE compared to wild-type cells as a result of reduced calcium release activated calcium currents, and independently of potassium channel regulation, membrane potential changes or changes in cell-cycle distribution. Pharmacological blockade of TRPM7 with NS8593 or waixenicin A in wild-type B lymphocytes results in a significant decrease in SOCE, confirming that TRPM7 activity is acutely linked to SOCE, without TRPM7 representing a store-operated channel itself. Using kinase-deficient mutants, we find that TRPM7 regulates SOCE through its kinase domain. Furthermore, Ca 2+ influx through TRPM7 is essential for the maintenance of endoplasmic reticulum Ca 2+ concentration in resting cells, and for the refilling of Ca 2+ stores after a Ca 2+ signalling event. We conclude that the channel kinase TRPM7 and SOCE are synergistic mechanisms regulating intracellular Ca 2+ homeostasis. © 2017 The Authors. The Journal of Physiology © 2017 The Physiological Society.

Sodium entry through endothelial store-operated calcium entry channels: regulation by Orai1

PubMed Central

Xu, Ningyong; Cioffi, Donna L.; Alexeyev, Mikhail; Rich, Thomas C.

2014-01-01

Orai1 interacts with transient receptor potential protein of the canonical subfamily (TRPC4) and contributes to calcium selectivity of the endothelial cell store-operated calcium entry current (ISOC). Orai1 silencing increases sodium permeability and decreases membrane-associated calcium, although it is not known whether Orai1 is an important determinant of cytosolic sodium transitions. We test the hypothesis that, upon activation of store-operated calcium entry channels, Orai1 is a critical determinant of cytosolic sodium transitions. Activation of store-operated calcium entry channels transiently increased cytosolic calcium and sodium, characteristic of release from an intracellular store. The sodium response occurred more abruptly and returned to baseline more rapidly than did the transient calcium rise. Extracellular choline substitution for sodium did not inhibit the response, although 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and YM-58483 reduced it by ∼50%. After this transient response, cytosolic sodium continued to increase due to influx through activated store-operated calcium entry channels. The magnitude of this sustained increase in cytosolic sodium was greater when experiments were conducted in low extracellular calcium and when Orai1 expression was silenced; these two interventions were not additive, suggesting a common mechanism. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and YM-58483 inhibited the sustained increase in cytosolic sodium, only in the presence of Orai1. These studies demonstrate that sodium permeates activated store-operated calcium entry channels, resulting in an increase in cytosolic sodium; the magnitude of this response is determined by Orai1. PMID:25428882

40 CFR 600.005-81 - Maintenance of records and rights of entry.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... and Carbon-Related Exhaust Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year Automobiles-General... headings including such extraordinary events as vehicle accidents or driver speeding citations or warnings...

12 CFR 615.5458 - Waiver of regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... POLICIES AND OPERATIONS, AND FUNDING OPERATIONS Book-Entry Procedures for Farm Credit Securities § 615.5458... any person(s) of unnecessary hardship, if such action is not inconsistent with law, does not adversely...

Overview of prohibited and permitted plant regulatory listing systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Westbrooks, Randy G.; Tasker, Alan V.

2011-01-01

Pest risk analysis is a process that evaluates the risks involved with a proposed species to help determine whether it should be permitted or denied entry into a country, and how the risks could be managed if it is imported. The prohibited listing approach was developed in the late 1800s and early 1900s in response to outbreaks of plant and animals pests such as foot and mouth disease of livestock, Mediterranean fruitfly (Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann), and Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar L.). Under this approach, selected species of concern are evaluated to determine if they should be regulated for entry. Under the permitted listing approach that was first used on a national level in Australia in the 1990s, all species that are proposed for introduction are assessed to determine if they should be regulated.

5. SOUTH ELEVATION OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. SOUTH ELEVATION OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL BUILDING). - Loring Air Force Base, Alert Area, Southeastern portion of base, east of southern end of runway, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

6. SOUTHWEST CORNER OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. SOUTHWEST CORNER OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL BUILDING). - Loring Air Force Base, Alert Area, Southeastern portion of base, east of southern end of runway, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

7. SOUTHEAST CORNER OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. SOUTHEAST CORNER OF BUILDING 8965 (SECURITY POLICE ENTRY CONTROL BUILDING). - Loring Air Force Base, Alert Area, Southeastern portion of base, east of southern end of runway, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

FRONT OBLIQUE, WITH ENTRY AND WATER FEATURE TO LEFT, TAKEN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

FRONT OBLIQUE, WITH ENTRY AND WATER FEATURE TO LEFT, TAKEN FROM ENTRY. VIEW FACING SOUTH. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Naval Housing Area Makalapa, Senior Officers' Quarters Type A, 37 Makalapa Drive, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

48. FRONT ENTRY DETAIL ON SOUTHWEST ELEVATION OF BUILDING 361 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

48. FRONT ENTRY DETAIL ON SOUTHWEST ELEVATION OF BUILDING 361 (MUNITIONS MAINTENANCE SQUADRON ADMINISTRATION BUILDING) IN BASE SPARES AREA. - Loring Air Force Base, Weapons Storage Area, Northeastern corner of base at northern end of Maine Road, Limestone, Aroostook County, ME

Protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP1B) helps regulate EGF-induced stimulation of S-phase entry in human corneal endothelial cells

PubMed Central

Ishino, Yutaka; Zhu, Cheng; Harris, Deshea L.

2008-01-01

Purpose Human corneal endothelial cells (HCEC), particularly from older donors, only proliferate weakly in response to EGF. The protein tyrosine phosphatase, PTP1B, is known to negatively regulate EGF-induced signaling in several cell types by dephosphorylating the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The current studies were conducted to determine whether PTP1B plays a role in regulating cell cycle entry in HCEC in response to EGF stimulation. Methods Donor corneas were obtained from the National Disease Research Interchange and accepted for study based on established exclusion criteria. PTP1B was localized in the endothelium of ex vivo corneas and in cultured cells by immunocytochemistry. Western blot analysis verified PTP1B protein expression in HCEC and then compared the relative expression of EGFR and PTP1B in HCEC from young (<3 years old) and older donors (>60 years old). The effect of inhibiting the activity of PTP1B on S-phase entry was tested by comparing time-dependent BrdU incorporation in subconfluent HCEC incubated in the presence or absence of the PTP1B inhibitor, CinnGEL 2Me, before EGF stimulation. Results PTP1B was localized in a punctate pattern mainly within the cytoplasm of HCEC in ex vivo corneas and cultured cells. Western blots revealed the presence of three PTP1B-positive bands in HCEC and the control. Further western blot analysis showed no significant age-related difference in expression of EGFR (p=0.444>0.05); however, PTP1B expression was significantly higher in HCEC from older donors (p=0.024<0.05). Pre-incubation of HCEC with the PTP1B inhibitor significantly increased (p=0.019<0.05) the number of BrdU positive cells by 48 h after EGF stimulation. Conclusions Both immunolocalization and western blot studies confirmed that PTP1B is expressed in HCEC. Staining patterns strongly suggest that at least a subset of PTP1B is localized to the cytoplasm and most likely to the endoplasmic reticulum, the known site of EGFR/PTP1B interaction following EGF stimulation. PTP1B expression, but not EGFR expression, was elevated in HCEC from older donors, suggesting that the reduced proliferative activity of these cells in response to EGF is due, at least in part, to increased PTP1B activity. The fact that inhibition of PTP1B increased the relative number of cells entering S-phase strongly suggests that PTP1B helps negatively regulate EGF-stimulated cell cycle entry in HCEC. These results also suggest that it may be possible to increase the proliferative activity of HCEC, particularly in cells from older donors, by inhibiting the activity of this important protein tyrosine phosphatase. PMID:18253097

Physics-Based Modeling of Meteor Entry and Breakup

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prabhu, Dinesh K.; Agrawal, Parul; Allen, Gary A., Jr.; Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.; Brandis, Aaron M.; Chen, Yih-Kang; Jaffe, Richard L.; Palmer, Grant E.; Saunders, David A.; Stern, Eric C.;

Physics-Based Modeling of Meteor Entry and Breakup

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prabhu, Dinesh K.; Agrawal, Parul; Allen, Gary A.; Brandis, Aaron M.; Chen, Yih-Kanq; Jaffe, Richard L.; Saunders, David A.; Stern, Eric C.; Tauber, Michael E.; Venkatapathy, Ethiraj

2015-01-01

A new research effort at NASA Ames Research Center has been initiated in Planetary Defense, which integrates the disciplines of planetary science, atmospheric entry physics, and physics-based risk assessment. This paper describes work within the new program and is focused on meteor entry and breakup. Over the last six decades significant effort was expended in the US and in Europe to understand meteor entry including ablation, fragmentation and airburst (if any) for various types of meteors ranging from stony to iron spectral types. These efforts have produced primarily empirical mathematical models based on observations. Weaknesses of these models, apart from their empiricism, are reliance on idealized shapes (spheres, cylinders, etc.) and simplified models for thermal response of meteoritic materials to aerodynamic and radiative heating. Furthermore, the fragmentation and energy release of meteors (airburst) is poorly understood. On the other hand, flight of human-made atmospheric entry capsules is well understood. The capsules and their requisite heatshields are designed and margined to survive entry. However, the highest speed Earth entry for capsules is less than 13 km/s (Stardust). Furthermore, Earth entry capsules have never exceeded diameters of 5 m, nor have their peak aerothermal environments exceeded 0.3 atm and 1 kW/cm2. The aims of the current work are: (i) to define the aerothermal environments for objects with entry velocities from 13 to greater than 20 km/s; (ii) to explore various hypotheses of fragmentation and airburst of stony meteors in the near term; (iii) to explore the possibility of performing relevant ground-based tests to verify candidate hypotheses; and (iv) to quantify the energy released in airbursts. The results of the new simulations will be used to anchor said risk assessment analyses. With these aims in mind, state-of-the-art entry capsule design tools are being extended for meteor entries. We describe: (i) applications of current simulation tools to spherical geometries of diameters ranging from 1 to 100 m for an entry velocity of 20 km/s and stagnation pressures ranging from 1 to 100 atm; (ii) the influence of shape and departure of heating environment predictions from those for a simple spherical geometry; (iii) assessment of thermal response models for silica subject to intense radiation; and (iv) results for porosity-driven gross fragmentation of meteors, idealized as a collection of smaller objects. Lessons learned from these simulations will be used to help understand the Chelyabinsk meteor entry up to its first point of fragmentation.

Physics-Based Modeling of Meteor Entry and Breakup

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Prabhu, Dinesh K.; Agrawal, Parul; Allen, Gary A., Jr.; Bauschlicher, Charles W., Jr.; Brandis, Aaron M.; Chen, Yih-Kanq; Jaffe, Richard L.; Palmer, Grant E.; Saunders, David A.; Stern, Eric C.;