Grass Grows, the Cow Eats: A Simple Grazing Systems Model with Emergent Properties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ungar, Eugene David; Seligman, Noam G.; Noy-Meir, Imanuel

2004-01-01

We describe a simple, yet intellectually challenging model of grazing systems that introduces basic concepts in ecology and systems analysis. The practical is suitable for high-school and university curricula with a quantitative orientation, and requires only basic skills in mathematics and spreadsheet use. The model is based on Noy-Meir's (1975)…

Issues and Importance of "Good" Starting Points for Nonlinear Regression for Mathematical Modeling with Maple: Basic Model Fitting to Make Predictions with Oscillating Data

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fox, William

2012-01-01

The purpose of our modeling effort is to predict future outcomes. We assume the data collected are both accurate and relatively precise. For our oscillating data, we examined several mathematical modeling forms for predictions. We also examined both ignoring the oscillations as an important feature and including the oscillations as an important…

AutoCAD-To-NASTRAN Translator Program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, A.

1989-01-01

Program facilitates creation of finite-element mathematical models from geometric entities. AutoCAD to NASTRAN translator (ACTON) computer program developed to facilitate quick generation of small finite-element mathematical models for use with NASTRAN finite-element modeling program. Reads geometric data of drawing from Data Exchange File (DXF) used in AutoCAD and other PC-based drafting programs. Written in Microsoft Quick-Basic (Version 2.0).

Automotive Mechanics. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Desmond

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Design Drafting. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sharkey, Jeff

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Marine Trades. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abbott, Alan

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Fashion Merchandising. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Williams, Edwina

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Food Services. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vastano, Josephine; And Others

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Recreational Vehicle Maintenance and Repair. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felice, Michael

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Commercial Building Construction (Masonry). COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keck, Robert

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Plumbing and Heating. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mahieu, Louis

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Air Conditioning, Refrigeration and Heating. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hardman, Thomas

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Building Trades. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gudzak, Raymond

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; a preface; a…

Auto Body Repair. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ormsbee, Robert

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Electrical Trades. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cannone, Richard

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Cosmetology/Hairstyling. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romano, Marie

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Automotive and Diesel Engine Rebuilding. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salvatore, Gerald

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Custom Cabinetmaking. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Holmes, Kenneth

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Medical Office Receptionist/Assistant. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorman, Dolores

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Landscaping and Greenhouse Technology. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kucharewski, Dennis

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Child Care Aide. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moore, Pamela Hullen

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Dental Assisting. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mattia, Nancy

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The model demonstrates the relationship of vocational skills to communication, mathematics, and science. The document begins with a philosophy statement; preface; a…

Automation of reliability evaluation procedures through CARE - The computer-aided reliability estimation program.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mathur, F. P.

1972-01-01

Description of an on-line interactive computer program called CARE (Computer-Aided Reliability Estimation) which can model self-repair and fault-tolerant organizations and perform certain other functions. Essentially CARE consists of a repository of mathematical equations defining the various basic redundancy schemes. These equations, under program control, are then interrelated to generate the desired mathematical model to fit the architecture of the system under evaluation. The mathematical model is then supplied with ground instances of its variables and is then evaluated to generate values for the reliability-theoretic functions applied to the model.

Mathematical modelling in developmental biology.

PubMed

Vasieva, Olga; Rasolonjanahary, Manan'Iarivo; Vasiev, Bakhtier

2013-06-01

In recent decades, molecular and cellular biology has benefited from numerous fascinating developments in experimental technique, generating an overwhelming amount of data on various biological objects and processes. This, in turn, has led biologists to look for appropriate tools to facilitate systematic analysis of data. Thus, the need for mathematical techniques, which can be used to aid the classification and understanding of this ever-growing body of experimental data, is more profound now than ever before. Mathematical modelling is becoming increasingly integrated into biological studies in general and into developmental biology particularly. This review outlines some achievements of mathematics as applied to developmental biology and demonstrates the mathematical formulation of basic principles driving morphogenesis. We begin by describing a mathematical formalism used to analyse the formation and scaling of morphogen gradients. Then we address a problem of interplay between the dynamics of morphogen gradients and movement of cells, referring to mathematical models of gastrulation in the chick embryo. In the last section, we give an overview of various mathematical models used in the study of the developmental cycle of Dictyostelium discoideum, which is probably the best example of successful mathematical modelling in developmental biology.

Configuration of the Hemoglobin Oxygen Dissociation Curve Demystified: A Basic Mathematical Proof for Medical and Biological Sciences Undergraduates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leow, Melvin Khee-Shing

2007-01-01

The oxygen dissociation curve (ODC) of hemoglobin (Hb) has been widely studied and mathematically described for nearly a century. Numerous mathematical models have been designed to predict with ever-increasing accuracy the behavior of oxygen transport by Hb in differing conditions of pH, carbon dioxide, temperature, Hb levels, and…

Mathematical Modelling as a Tool to Understand Cell Self-renewal and Differentiation.

PubMed

Getto, Philipp; Marciniak-Czochra, Anna

2015-01-01

Mathematical modeling is a powerful technique to address key questions and paradigms in a variety of complex biological systems and can provide quantitative insights into cell kinetics, fate determination and development of cell populations. The chapter is devoted to a review of modeling of the dynamics of stem cell-initiated systems using mathematical methods of ordinary differential equations. Some basic concepts and tools for cell population dynamics are summarized and presented as a gentle introduction to non-mathematicians. The models take into account different plausible mechanisms regulating homeostasis. Two mathematical frameworks are proposed reflecting, respectively, a discrete (punctuated by division events) and a continuous character of transitions between differentiation stages. Advantages and constraints of the mathematical approaches are presented on examples of models of blood systems and compared to patients data on healthy hematopoiesis.

Mathematical modeling of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Milovzorov, D. G.; Yasoveev, V. Kh.

2017-07-01

Issues of designing fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are considered. The areas of application of fluxgate magnetic gradiometers are determined. The structure and layout of a two-component fluxgate magnetic gradiometer are presented. It is assumed that the fluxgates are strictly coaxial in the gradiometer body. Elements of the classical approach to the mathematical modeling of the spatial arrangement of solids are considered. The bases of the gradiometer body and their transformations during spatial displacement of the gradiometer are given. The problems of mathematical modeling of gradiometers are formulated, basic mathematical models of a two-component fluxgate gradiometer are developed, and the mathematical models are analyzed. A computer experiment was performed. Difference signals from the gradiometer fluxgates for the vertical and horizontal position of the gradiometer body are shown graphically as functions of the magnitude and direction of the geomagnetic field strength vector.

Entrepreneur Program. COM-LINK. Competency Based Vocational Curricula with Basic Skills and Academic Linkages.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

De Maria, Richard

This competency-based module uses the Ocean County (New Jersey) Vocational-Technical Schools curriculum-infused model for infusing basic skills instruction into vocational education. The document consists of matrices that describe the relationship of vocational skills to basic communication, mathematics, and science skills within the entrepreneur…

Interactive basic mathematics web using Wordpress

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Septia, Tika; Husna; Cesaria, Anna

2017-12-01

Wordpress is a popular open source tool that can be used for developing learning media. Basic Mathematics is the difficult subject for a physics student. The students need an interactive learning to improve their knowledge. The aims of this study were to develop the interactive media using Wordpress and to know the effectiveness of web as a learning media to improve the ICT Literacy students. This study used ADDIE models. The effectiveness of interactive web can be described as the students’ equipness of ICT literacy. The population is physics students. The findings show that the interactive web is valid for the content, presentation, linguistic, and graphic aspects. The results concluded that basic mathematic interactive web is effective to equip the learners ICT literacy of categories of high, medium, and low with the observations and questionnaires are in very good criteria.

Mathematical modeling of the aerodynamic characteristics in flight dynamics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tobak, M.; Chapman, G. T.; Schiff, L. B.

1984-01-01

Basic concepts involved in the mathematical modeling of the aerodynamic response of an aircraft to arbitrary maneuvers are reviewed. The original formulation of an aerodynamic response in terms of nonlinear functionals is shown to be compatible with a derivation based on the use of nonlinear functional expansions. Extensions of the analysis through its natural connection with ideas from bifurcation theory are indicated.

Workbook, Basic Mathematics and Wastewater Processing Calculations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Dept. of Environmental Conservation, Albany.

This workbook serves as a self-learning guide to basic mathematics and treatment plant calculations and also as a reference and source book for the mathematics of sewage treatment and processing. In addition to basic mathematics, the workbook discusses processing and process control, laboratory calculations and efficiency calculations necessary in…

Achieving meaningful mathematics literacy for students with learning disabilities. Cognition and Technology Group at Vanderbilt.

PubMed

Goldman, S R; Hasselbring, T S

1997-01-01

In this article we consider issues relevant to the future of mathematics instruction and achievement for students with learning disabilities. The starting point for envisioning the future is the changing standards for mathematics learning and basic mathematical literacy. We argue that the shift from behaviorist learning theories to constructivist and social constructivist theories (see Rivera, this series) provides an opportunity to develop and implement a hybrid model of mathematics instruction. The hybrid model we propose embeds, or situates, important skill learning in meaningful contexts. We discuss some examples of instructional approaches to complex mathematical problem solving that make use of meaningful contexts. Evaluation data on these approaches have yielded positive and encouraging results for students with learning disabilities as well as general education students. Finally, we discuss various ways in which technology is important for realizing hybrid instructional models in mathematics.

Project CLIMB.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DeLucca, Adolph

1982-01-01

As a state and national model for a basic skills curriculum for Kindergarten through grade 12 students, Coordination Learning Integration--Middlesex Basics (Project CLIMB) is described. The unified system was developed by teachers with administrative support to accomodate all students' reading and mathematics needs. Project CLIMB's development and…

American Mathematical Association of Two Year Colleges Reform Policies in Practice: Implementing Standards in Classroom Instruction for Basic Skills Mathematics at One Four-Year College in New Jersey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garruto, Patricia J.

2012-01-01

High school graduates continue to enter post-secondary education lacking in basic mathematical skills and thus not academically prepared to enroll in college-level mathematics courses (ACT, 2010). Although it can be argued that those mathematical concepts should have been mastered in grades K-12, educating those students in basic skills…

Examining the Mathematical Modeling Processes of Primary School 4th-Grade Students: Shopping Problem

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ulu, Mustafa

2017-01-01

The purpose of this study is to identify primary school students' thinking processes within the mathematical modeling process and the challenges they encounter, if any. This is a basic qualitative research study conducted in a primary school in the city of Kütahya in the academic year of 2015-2016. The study group of the research was composed of…

Getting a Bead on It

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferrucci, Beverly J.; McDougall, Jennifer; Carter, Jack

2009-01-01

One challenge that middle school teachers commonly face is finding insightful, hands-on applications when teaching basic mathematical concepts. One concept that is a foundation of middle school mathematics is the notion of "linear functions." Although a variety of models can be used for linear equations, such as temperature conversions,…

What's Working: Program Factors Influencing California Community College Basic Skills Mathematics Students' Advancement to Transfer Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fiero, Diane M.

2013-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine which basic skills program factors were exhibited by successful basic skills programs that helped students advance to transfer-level mathematics. This study specifically examined California community college basic skills programs that assist students who place in mathematics courses 2 levels…

Have Basic Mathematical Skills Grown Obsolete in the Computer Age: Assessing Basic Mathematical Skills and Forecasting Performance in a Business Statistics Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noser, Thomas C.; Tanner, John R.; Shah, Situl

2008-01-01

The purpose of this study was to measure the comprehension of basic mathematical skills of students enrolled in statistics classes at a large regional university, and to determine if the scores earned on a basic math skills test are useful in forecasting student performance in these statistics classes, and to determine if students' basic math…

A critical review of the field application of a mathematical model of malaria eradication

PubMed Central

Nájera, J. A.

1974-01-01

A malaria control field research trial in northern Nigeria was planned with the aid of a computer simulation based on Macdonald's mathematical model of malaria epidemiology. Antimalaria attack was based on a combination of mass drug administration (chloroquine and pyrimethamine) and DDT house spraying. The observed results were at great variance with the predictions of the model. The causes of these discrepancies included inadequate estimation of the model's basic variables, and overestimation, in planning the simulation, of the effects of the attack measures and of the degree of perfection attainable by their application. The discrepancies were to a great extent also due to deficiencies in the model. An analysis is made of those considered to be the most important. It is concluded that research efforts should be encouraged to increase our knowledge of the basic epidemiological factors, their variation and correlations, and to formulate more realistic and useful theoretical models. PMID:4156197

A mathematical simulation model of a 1985-era tilt-rotor passenger aircraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcveigh, M. A.; Widdison, C. A.

1976-01-01

A mathematical model for use in real-time piloted simulation of a 1985-era tilt rotor passenger aircraft is presented. The model comprises the basic six degrees-of-freedom equations of motion, and a large angle of attack representation of the airframe and rotor aerodynamics, together with equations and functions used to model turbine engine performance, aircraft control system and stability augmentation system. A complete derivation of the primary equations is given together with a description of the modeling techniques used. Data for the model is included in an appendix.

UH-60A Black Hawk engineering simulation program. Volume 1: Mathematical model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Howlett, J. J.

1981-01-01

A nonlinear mathematical model of the UR-60A Black Hawk helicopter was developed. This mathematical model, which was based on the Sikorsky General Helicopter (Gen Hel) Flight Dynamics Simulation, provides NASA with an engineering simulation for performance and handling qualities evaluations. This mathematical model is total systems definition of the Black Hawk helicopter represented at a uniform level of sophistication considered necessary for handling qualities evaluations. The model is a total force, large angle representation in six rigid body degrees of freedom. Rotor blade flapping, lagging, and hub rotational degrees of freedom are also represented. In addition to the basic helicopter modules, supportive modules were defined for the landing interface, power unit, ground effects, and gust penetration. Information defining the cockpit environment relevant to pilot in the loop simulation is presented.

Everything You Always Wanted to Know About the Mathematics of Sex and Family Planning...But Were Afraid to Calculate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meyer, Rochelle Wilson

1978-01-01

The author uses mathematical models that involve only algebra and a few basic ideas in discrete probability to describe the frequency of conception in large human societies. A number of calculations which can be done by students as exercises are given. (MN)

A Constructivist Computational Platform to Support Mathematics Education in Elementary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia, I.; Pacheco, C.

2013-01-01

Many courses for elementary school are based upon teacher presentation and explanation of basic topics, rather than allowing students to develop their own knowledge. This traditional model may turn elementary-level lessons into an extremely theoretical, boring and non-effective process. In this context, research in mathematics elementary education…

Exemplarity in Mathematics Education: From a Romanticist Viewpoint to a Modern Hermeneutical One

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Patronis, Tasos; Spanos, Dimitris

2013-01-01

This paper proposes a setting of "exemplarity" different from the already known one, which is basically a Romanticist philosophical setting. Our general aim is to describe and explore the nature of some "exemplary themes" and "interpretive models" in advanced mathematics teaching and learning. In order to do so, we…

Mathematical modeling for novel cancer drug discovery and development.

PubMed

Zhang, Ping; Brusic, Vladimir

2014-10-01

Mathematical modeling enables: the in silico classification of cancers, the prediction of disease outcomes, optimization of therapy, identification of promising drug targets and prediction of resistance to anticancer drugs. In silico pre-screened drug targets can be validated by a small number of carefully selected experiments. This review discusses the basics of mathematical modeling in cancer drug discovery and development. The topics include in silico discovery of novel molecular drug targets, optimization of immunotherapies, personalized medicine and guiding preclinical and clinical trials. Breast cancer has been used to demonstrate the applications of mathematical modeling in cancer diagnostics, the identification of high-risk population, cancer screening strategies, prediction of tumor growth and guiding cancer treatment. Mathematical models are the key components of the toolkit used in the fight against cancer. The combinatorial complexity of new drugs discovery is enormous, making systematic drug discovery, by experimentation, alone difficult if not impossible. The biggest challenges include seamless integration of growing data, information and knowledge, and making them available for a multiplicity of analyses. Mathematical models are essential for bringing cancer drug discovery into the era of Omics, Big Data and personalized medicine.

Experimental evolution in silico: a custom-designed mathematical model for virulence evolution of Bacillus thuringiensis.

PubMed

Strauß, Jakob Friedrich; Crain, Philip; Schulenburg, Hinrich; Telschow, Arndt

2016-08-01

Most mathematical models on the evolution of virulence are based on epidemiological models that assume parasite transmission follows the mass action principle. In experimental evolution, however, mass action is often violated due to controlled infection protocols. This "theory-experiment mismatch" raises the question whether there is a need for new mathematical models to accommodate the particular characteristics of experimental evolution. Here, we explore the experimental evolution model system of Bacillus thuringiensis as a parasite and Caenorhabditis elegans as a host. Recent experimental studies with strict control of parasite transmission revealed that one-sided adaptation of B. thuringiensis with non-evolving hosts selects for intermediate or no virulence, sometimes coupled with parasite extinction. In contrast, host-parasite coevolution selects for high virulence and for hosts with strong resistance against B. thuringiensis. In order to explain the empirical results, we propose a new mathematical model that mimics the basic experimental set-up. The key assumptions are: (i) controlled parasite transmission (no mass action), (ii) discrete host generations, and (iii) context-dependent cost of toxin production. Our model analysis revealed the same basic trends as found in the experiments. Especially, we could show that resistant hosts select for highly virulent bacterial strains. Moreover, we found (i) that the evolved level of virulence is independent of the initial level of virulence, and (ii) that the average amount of bacteria ingested significantly affects the evolution of virulence with fewer bacteria ingested selecting for highly virulent strains. These predictions can be tested in future experiments. This study highlights the usefulness of custom-designed mathematical models in the analysis and interpretation of empirical results from experimental evolution. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier GmbH.. All rights reserved.

Basic and Advanced Numerical Performances Relate to Mathematical Expertise but Are Fully Mediated by Visuospatial Skills

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of basic numerical processing in the acquisition of numerical and mathematical competences. However, it is debated whether high-level numerical skills and mathematics depends specifically on basic numerical representations. In this study mathematicians and nonmathematicians performed a basic number line task, which required mapping positive and negative numbers on a physical horizontal line, and has been shown to correlate with more advanced numerical abilities and mathematical achievement. We found that mathematicians were more accurate compared with nonmathematicians when mapping positive, but not negative numbers, which are considered numerical primitives and cultural artifacts, respectively. Moreover, performance on positive number mapping could predict whether one is a mathematician or not, and was mediated by more advanced mathematical skills. This finding might suggest a link between basic and advanced mathematical skills. However, when we included visuospatial skills, as measured by block design subtest, the mediation analysis revealed that the relation between the performance in the number line task and the group membership was explained by non-numerical visuospatial skills. These results demonstrate that relation between basic, even specific, numerical skills and advanced mathematical achievement can be artifactual and explained by visuospatial processing. PMID:26913930

Application of the Analog Method to Modelling Heat Waves: A Case Study with Power Transformers

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-04-21

UNCLASSIFIED Massachusetts Institute of Technology Lincoln Laboratory APPLICATION OF THE ANALOG METHOD TO MODELLING HEAT WAVES: A CASE STUDY WITH...18 2 Calibration and validation statistics with the use of five atmospheric vari- ables to construct analogue diagnostics for JJA of transformer T2...electrical grid as a series of nodes (transformers) and edges (transmission lines) so that basic mathematical anal- ysis can be performed. The mathematics

Mathematical modeling of a process the rolling delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stepanov, Mikhail A.; Korolev, Andrey A.

2018-03-01

An adduced analysis of the scientific researches in a domain of the rolling equipments, also research of properties the working material. A one of perspective direction of scientific research this is mathematical modeling. That is broadly used in many scientific disciplines and especially at the technical, applied sciences. With the aid of mathematical modeling it can be study of physical properties of the researching objects and systems. A research of the rolling delivery and transporting devices realized with the aid of a construction of mathematical model of appropriate process. To be described the basic principles and conditions of a construction of mathematical models of the real objects. For example to be consider a construction of mathematical model the rolling delivery device. For a construction that is model used system of the equations, which consist of: Lagrange’s equation of a motion, describing of the law conservation of energy of a mechanical system, and the Navier - Stokes equations, which characterize of the flow of a continuous non-compressed fluid. A construction of mathematical model the rolling deliver to let determined of a total energy of device, and therefore to got the dependence upon the power of drive to a gap between of rolls. A corroborate the hypothesis about laminar the flow of a material into the rolling gap of deliver.

Universal gestational age effects on cognitive and basic mathematic processing: 2 cohorts in 2 countries.

PubMed

Wolke, Dieter; Strauss, Vicky Yu-Chun; Johnson, Samantha; Gilmore, Camilla; Marlow, Neil; Jaekel, Julia

2015-06-01

To determine whether general cognitive ability, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment are universally affected by gestation at birth, as well as whether mathematic attainment is more strongly associated with cohort-specific factors such as schooling than basic cognitive and mathematical abilities. The Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS, 1289 children, 27-41 weeks gestational age [GA]) was used to estimate effects of GA on IQ, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment. These estimations were used to predict IQ, mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment in the EPICure Study (171 children <26 weeks GA). For children born <34 weeks GA, each lower week decreased IQ and mathematic attainment scores by 2.34 (95% CI: -2.99, -1.70) and 2.76 (95% CI: -3.40, -2.11) points, respectively. There were no differences among children born 34-41 weeks GA. Similarly, for children born <36 weeks GA, mathematic processing scores decreased by 1.77 (95% CI: -2.20, -1.34) points with each lower GA week. The prediction function generated using BLS data accurately predicted the effect of GA on IQ and mathematic processing among EPICure children. However, these children had better attainment than predicted by BLS. Prematurity has adverse effects on basic mathematic processing following birth at all gestations <36 weeks and on IQ and mathematic attainment <34 weeks GA. The ability to predict IQ and mathematic processing scores from one cohort to another among children cared for in different eras and countries suggests that universal neurodevelopmental factors may explain the effects of gestation at birth. In contrast, mathematic attainment may be improved by schooling. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Universal Gestational Age Effects on Cognitive and Basic Mathematic Processing: 2 Cohorts in 2 Countries

PubMed Central

Wolke, Dieter; Strauss, Vicky Yu-Chun; Johnson, Samantha; Gilmore, Camilla; Marlow, Neil; Jaekel, Julia

2015-01-01

Objective To determine whether general cognitive ability, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment are universally affected by gestation at birth, as well as whether mathematic attainment is more strongly associated with cohort-specific factors such as schooling than basic cognitive and mathematical abilities. Study design The Bavarian Longitudinal Study (BLS, 1289 children, 27-41 weeks gestational age [GA]) was used to estimate effects of GA on IQ, basic mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment. These estimations were used to predict IQ, mathematic processing, and mathematic attainment in the EPICure Study (171 children <26 weeks GA). Results For children born <34 weeks GA, each lower week decreased IQ and mathematic attainment scores by 2.34 (95% CI: −2.99, −1.70) and 2.76 (95% CI: −3.40, −2.11) points, respectively. There were no differences among children born 34-41 weeks GA. Similarly, for children born <36 weeks GA, mathematic processing scores decreased by 1.77 (95% CI: −2.20, −1.34) points with each lower GA week. The prediction function generated using BLS data accurately predicted the effect of GA on IQ and mathematic processing among EPICure children. However, these children had better attainment than predicted by BLS. Conclusions Prematurity has adverse effects on basic mathematic processing following birth at all gestations <36 weeks and on IQ and mathematic attainment <34 weeks GA. The ability to predict IQ and mathematic processing scores from one cohort to another among children cared for in different eras and countries suggests that universal neurodevelopmental factors may explain the effects of gestation at birth. In contrast, mathematic attainment may be improved by schooling. PMID:25842966

Improving Mastery of Basic Mathematics Facts in Elementary School through Various Learning Strategies.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haught, Laurie; Kunce, Christine; Pratt, Phyllis; Werneske, Roberta; Zemel, Susan

This report describes the intervention programs used to improve student proficiency in learning, recalling, and retaining basic mathematics facts. The targeted population consisted of first, second, third, and fifth grades in four suburban midwestern schools. The problems of recalling basic mathematics facts is documented through teacher surveys,…

Basic and Advanced Numerical Performances Relate to Mathematical Expertise but Are Fully Mediated by Visuospatial Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sella, Francesco; Sader, Elie; Lolliot, Simon; Cohen Kadosh, Roi

2016-01-01

Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of basic numerical processing in the acquisition of numerical and mathematical competences. However, it is debated whether high-level numerical skills and mathematics depends specifically on basic numerical representations. In this study mathematicians and nonmathematicians performed a basic…

Near-earth orbital guidance and remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Powers, W. F.

1972-01-01

The curriculum of a short course in remote sensing and parameter optimization is presented. The subjects discussed are: (1) basics of remote sensing and the user community, (2) multivariant spectral analysis, (3) advanced mathematics and physics of remote sensing, (4) the atmospheric environment, (5) imaging sensing, and (6)nonimaging sensing. Mathematical models of optimization techniques are developed.

The mathematical and computer modeling of the worm tool shaping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panchuk, K. L.; Lyashkov, A. A.; Ayusheev, T. V.

2017-06-01

Traditionally mathematical profiling of the worm tool is carried out on the first T. Olivier method, known in the theory of gear gearings, with receiving an intermediate surface of the making lath. It complicates process of profiling and its realization by means of computer 3D-modeling. The purpose of the work is the improvement of mathematical model of profiling and its realization based on the methods of 3D-modeling. Research problems are: receiving of the mathematical model of profiling which excludes the presence of the making lath in it; realization of the received model by means of frame and superficial modeling; development and approbation of technology of solid-state modeling for the solution of the problem of profiling. As the basic, the kinematic method of research of the mutually envelope surfaces is accepted. Computer research is executed by means of CAD based on the methods of 3D-modeling. We have developed mathematical model of profiling of the worm tool; frame, superficial and solid-state models of shaping of the mutually enveloping surfaces of the detail and the tool are received. The offered mathematical models and the technologies of 3D-modeling of shaping represent tools for theoretical and experimental profiling of the worm tool. The results of researches can be used at design of metal-cutting tools.

Relationships of Mathematics Anxiety, Mathematics Self-Efficacy and Mathematics Performance of Adult Basic Education Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Watts, Beverly Kinsey

2011-01-01

Competent mathematical skills are needed in the workplace as well as in the college setting. Adults in Adult Basic Education classes and programs generally perform below high school level competency, but very few studies have been performed investigating the predictors of mathematical success for adults. The current study contributes to the…

The possibility of coexistence and co-development in language competition: ecology-society computational model and simulation.

PubMed

Yun, Jian; Shang, Song-Chao; Wei, Xiao-Dan; Liu, Shuang; Li, Zhi-Jie

2016-01-01

Language is characterized by both ecological properties and social properties, and competition is the basic form of language evolution. The rise and decline of one language is a result of competition between languages. Moreover, this rise and decline directly influences the diversity of human culture. Mathematics and computer modeling for language competition has been a popular topic in the fields of linguistics, mathematics, computer science, ecology, and other disciplines. Currently, there are several problems in the research on language competition modeling. First, comprehensive mathematical analysis is absent in most studies of language competition models. Next, most language competition models are based on the assumption that one language in the model is stronger than the other. These studies tend to ignore cases where there is a balance of power in the competition. The competition between two well-matched languages is more practical, because it can facilitate the co-development of two languages. A third issue with current studies is that many studies have an evolution result where the weaker language inevitably goes extinct. From the integrated point of view of ecology and sociology, this paper improves the Lotka-Volterra model and basic reaction-diffusion model to propose an "ecology-society" computational model for describing language competition. Furthermore, a strict and comprehensive mathematical analysis was made for the stability of the equilibria. Two languages in competition may be either well-matched or greatly different in strength, which was reflected in the experimental design. The results revealed that language coexistence, and even co-development, are likely to occur during language competition.

Mathematical modelling as a proof of concept for MPNs as a human inflammation model for cancer development.

PubMed

Andersen, Morten; Sajid, Zamra; Pedersen, Rasmus K; Gudmand-Hoeyer, Johanne; Ellervik, Christina; Skov, Vibe; Kjær, Lasse; Pallisgaard, Niels; Kruse, Torben A; Thomassen, Mads; Troelsen, Jesper; Hasselbalch, Hans Carl; Ottesen, Johnny T

2017-01-01

The chronic Philadelphia-negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) are acquired stem cell neoplasms which ultimately may transform to acute myelogenous leukemia. Most recently, chronic inflammation has been described as an important factor for the development and progression of MPNs in the biological continuum from early cancer stage to the advanced myelofibrosis stage, the MPNs being described as "A Human Inflammation Model for Cancer Development". This novel concept has been built upon clinical, experimental, genomic, immunological and not least epidemiological studies. Only a few studies have described the development of MPNs by mathematical models, and none have addressed the role of inflammation for clonal evolution and disease progression. Herein, we aim at using mathematical modelling to substantiate the concept of chronic inflammation as an important trigger and driver of MPNs.The basics of the model describe the proliferation from stem cells to mature cells including mutations of healthy stem cells to become malignant stem cells. We include a simple inflammatory coupling coping with cell death and affecting the basic model beneath. First, we describe the system without feedbacks or regulatory interactions. Next, we introduce inflammatory feedback into the system. Finally, we include other feedbacks and regulatory interactions forming the inflammatory-MPN model. Using mathematical modeling, we add further proof to the concept that chronic inflammation may be both a trigger of clonal evolution and an important driving force for MPN disease progression. Our findings support intervention at the earliest stage of cancer development to target the malignant clone and dampen concomitant inflammation.

A study about teaching quadratic functions using mathematical models and free software

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nepomucena, T. V.; da Silva, A. C.; Jardim, D. F.; da Silva, J. M.

2017-12-01

In the face of the reality of teaching Mathematics in Basic Education in Brazil, specially relating teach functions focusing their relevance to the student’s academic development in Basic and Superior Education, this work proposes the use of educational software to help the teaching of functions in Basic Education since the computers and software show as an outstanding option to help the teaching and learning processes. On the other hand, the study also proposes the use of Didactic Transposition as a methodology investigation and research. Along with this survey, some teaching interventions were applied to detect the main difficulties in the teaching process of functions in the Basic Education, analyzing the results obtained along the interventions in a qualitative form. Considering the discussion of the results at the end of the didactic interventions, it was verified that the results obtained were satisfactory.

The Prevalent Rate of Problem-Solving Approach in Teaching Mathematics in Ghanaian Basic Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nyala, Joseph; Assuah, Charles; Ayebo, Abraham; Tse, Newel

2016-01-01

Stakeholders of mathematics education decry the rate at which students' performance are falling below expectation; they call for a shift to practical methods of teaching the subject in Ghanaian basic schools. The study explores the extent to which Ghanaian basic school mathematics teachers use problem-solving approach in their lessons. The…

Interpreting Mathematics Scores on the New Jersey College Basic Skills Placement Test.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dass, Jane; Pine, Charles

The New Jersey College Basic Skills Placement Test (NJCBSPT) is designed to measure certain basic language and mathematics skills of students entering New Jersey colleges. The primary purpose of the two mathematics sections is to determine whether students are prepared to begin certain college-level work without a handicap in computation or…

The Effects of Computer Games on the Achievement of Basic Mathematical Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sayan, Hamiyet

2015-01-01

This study aims to analyze the relationship between playing computer games and learning basic mathematics skills. It shows the role computer games play in the learning and achievement of basic mathematical skills by students. Nowadays it is clear that individuals, especially young persons are very fond of computer and computer games. Since…

Mathematics anxiety affects counting but not subitizing during visual enumeration.

PubMed

Maloney, Erin A; Risko, Evan F; Ansari, Daniel; Fugelsang, Jonathan

2010-02-01

Individuals with mathematics anxiety have been found to differ from their non-anxious peers on measures of higher-level mathematical processes, but not simple arithmetic. The current paper examines differences between mathematics anxious and non-mathematics anxious individuals in more basic numerical processing using a visual enumeration task. This task allows for the assessment of two systems of basic number processing: subitizing and counting. Mathematics anxious individuals, relative to non-mathematics anxious individuals, showed a deficit in the counting but not in the subitizing range. Furthermore, working memory was found to mediate this group difference. These findings demonstrate that the problems associated with mathematics anxiety exist at a level more basic than would be predicted from the extant literature. Copyright 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Space-time dynamics of Stem Cell Niches: a unified approach for Plants.

PubMed

Pérez, Maria Del Carmen; López, Alejandro; Padilla, Pablo

2013-06-01

Many complex systems cannot be analyzed using traditional mathematical tools, due to their irreducible nature. This makes it necessary to develop models that can be implemented computationally to simulate their evolution. Examples of these models are cellular automata, evolutionary algorithms, complex networks, agent-based models, symbolic dynamics and dynamical systems techniques. We review some representative approaches to model the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis thaliana and the basic biological mechanisms that underlie its formation and maintenance. We propose a mathematical model based on cellular automata for describing the space-time dynamics of the stem cell niche in the root. By making minimal assumptions on the cell communication process documented in experiments, we classify the basic developmental features of the stem-cell niche, including the basic structural architecture, and suggest that they could be understood as the result of generic mechanisms given by short and long range signals. This could be a first step in understanding why different stem cell niches share similar topologies, not only in plants. Also the fact that this organization is a robust consequence of the way information is being processed by the cells and to some extent independent of the detailed features of the signaling mechanism.

Space-time dynamics of stem cell niches: a unified approach for plants.

PubMed

Pérez, Maria del Carmen; López, Alejandro; Padilla, Pablo

2013-04-02

Many complex systems cannot be analyzed using traditional mathematical tools, due to their irreducible nature. This makes it necessary to develop models that can be implemented computationally to simulate their evolution. Examples of these models are cellular automata, evolutionary algorithms, complex networks, agent-based models, symbolic dynamics and dynamical systems techniques. We review some representative approaches to model the stem cell niche in Arabidopsis thaliana and the basic biological mechanisms that underlie its formation and maintenance. We propose a mathematical model based on cellular automata for describing the space-time dynamics of the stem cell niche in the root. By making minimal assumptions on the cell communication process documented in experiments, we classify the basic developmental features of the stem-cell niche, including the basic structural architecture, and suggest that they could be understood as the result of generic mechanisms given by short and long range signals. This could be a first step in understanding why different stem cell niches share similar topologies, not only in plants. Also the fact that this organization is a robust consequence of the way information is being processed by the cells and to some extent independent of the detailed features of the signaling mechanism.

Basic and advanced numerical performances relate to mathematical expertise but are fully mediated by visuospatial skills.

PubMed

Sella, Francesco; Sader, Elie; Lolliot, Simon; Cohen Kadosh, Roi

2016-09-01

Recent studies have highlighted the potential role of basic numerical processing in the acquisition of numerical and mathematical competences. However, it is debated whether high-level numerical skills and mathematics depends specifically on basic numerical representations. In this study mathematicians and nonmathematicians performed a basic number line task, which required mapping positive and negative numbers on a physical horizontal line, and has been shown to correlate with more advanced numerical abilities and mathematical achievement. We found that mathematicians were more accurate compared with nonmathematicians when mapping positive, but not negative numbers, which are considered numerical primitives and cultural artifacts, respectively. Moreover, performance on positive number mapping could predict whether one is a mathematician or not, and was mediated by more advanced mathematical skills. This finding might suggest a link between basic and advanced mathematical skills. However, when we included visuospatial skills, as measured by block design subtest, the mediation analysis revealed that the relation between the performance in the number line task and the group membership was explained by non-numerical visuospatial skills. These results demonstrate that relation between basic, even specific, numerical skills and advanced mathematical achievement can be artifactual and explained by visuospatial processing. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved).

Mathematics, thermodynamics, and modeling to address ten common misconceptions about protein structure, folding, and stability.

PubMed

Robic, Srebrenka

2010-01-01

To fully understand the roles proteins play in cellular processes, students need to grasp complex ideas about protein structure, folding, and stability. Our current understanding of these topics is based on mathematical models and experimental data. However, protein structure, folding, and stability are often introduced as descriptive, qualitative phenomena in undergraduate classes. In the process of learning about these topics, students often form incorrect ideas. For example, by learning about protein folding in the context of protein synthesis, students may come to an incorrect conclusion that once synthesized on the ribosome, a protein spends its entire cellular life time in its fully folded native confirmation. This is clearly not true; proteins are dynamic structures that undergo both local fluctuations and global unfolding events. To prevent and address such misconceptions, basic concepts of protein science can be introduced in the context of simple mathematical models and hands-on explorations of publicly available data sets. Ten common misconceptions about proteins are presented, along with suggestions for using equations, models, sequence, structure, and thermodynamic data to help students gain a deeper understanding of basic concepts relating to protein structure, folding, and stability.

Transient Mathematical Modeling for Liquid Rocket Engine Systems: Methods, Capabilities, and Experience

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Seymour, David C.; Martin, Michael A.; Nguyen, Huy H.; Greene, William D.

2005-01-01

The subject of mathematical modeling of the transient operation of liquid rocket engines is presented in overview form from the perspective of engineers working at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The necessity of creating and utilizing accurate mathematical models as part of liquid rocket engine development process has become well established and is likely to increase in importance in the future. The issues of design considerations for transient operation, development testing, and failure scenario simulation are discussed. An overview of the derivation of the basic governing equations is presented along with a discussion of computational and numerical issues associated with the implementation of these equations in computer codes. Also, work in the field of generating usable fluid property tables is presented along with an overview of efforts to be undertaken in the future to improve the tools use for the mathematical modeling process.

Transient Mathematical Modeling for Liquid Rocket Engine Systems: Methods, Capabilities, and Experience

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Martin, Michael A.; Nguyen, Huy H.; Greene, William D.; Seymout, David C.

2003-01-01

The subject of mathematical modeling of the transient operation of liquid rocket engines is presented in overview form from the perspective of engineers working at the NASA Marshall Space Flight Center. The necessity of creating and utilizing accurate mathematical models as part of liquid rocket engine development process has become well established and is likely to increase in importance in the future. The issues of design considerations for transient operation, development testing, and failure scenario simulation are discussed. An overview of the derivation of the basic governing equations is presented along with a discussion of computational and numerical issues associated with the implementation of these equations in computer codes. Also, work in the field of generating usable fluid property tables is presented along with an overview of efforts to be undertaken in the future to improve the tools use for the mathematical modeling process.

Gesture Recognition for Educational Games: Magic Touch Math

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kye, Neo Wen; Mustapha, Aida; Azah Samsudin, Noor

2017-08-01

Children nowadays are having problem learning and understanding basic mathematical operations because they are not interested in studying or learning mathematics. This project proposes an educational game called Magic Touch Math that focuses on basic mathematical operations targeted to children between the age of three to five years old using gesture recognition to interact with the game. Magic Touch Math was developed in accordance to the Game Development Life Cycle (GDLC) methodology. The prototype developed has helped children to learn basic mathematical operations via intuitive gestures. It is hoped that the application is able to get the children motivated and interested in mathematics.

Oncolytic potency and reduced virus tumor-specificity in oncolytic virotherapy. A mathematical modelling approach.

PubMed

Mahasa, Khaphetsi Joseph; Eladdadi, Amina; de Pillis, Lisette; Ouifki, Rachid

2017-01-01

In the present paper, we address by means of mathematical modeling the following main question: How can oncolytic virus infection of some normal cells in the vicinity of tumor cells enhance oncolytic virotherapy? We formulate a mathematical model describing the interactions between the oncolytic virus, the tumor cells, the normal cells, and the antitumoral and antiviral immune responses. The model consists of a system of delay differential equations with one (discrete) delay. We derive the model's basic reproductive number within tumor and normal cell populations and use their ratio as a metric for virus tumor-specificity. Numerical simulations are performed for different values of the basic reproduction numbers and their ratios to investigate potential trade-offs between tumor reduction and normal cells losses. A fundamental feature unravelled by the model simulations is its great sensitivity to parameters that account for most variation in the early or late stages of oncolytic virotherapy. From a clinical point of view, our findings indicate that designing an oncolytic virus that is not 100% tumor-specific can increase virus particles, which in turn, can further infect tumor cells. Moreover, our findings indicate that when infected tissues can be regenerated, oncolytic viral infection of normal cells could improve cancer treatment.

An Analysis of the New 9-Year Basic Education Mathematics Curriculum in Nigeria

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Awofala, Adeneye O. A.

2012-01-01

The intention of this paper is to describe and reflect on the changes in the new 9-year basic education mathematics curriculum in Nigeria. The paper is divided into four major themes: history of curriculum development in mathematics education at the basic education level in Nigeria, the motivations for the revision of the primary and junior…

Improving the basic skills of teaching mathematics through learning with search-solve-create-share strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahayu, D. V.; Kusumah, Y. S.; Darhim

2018-05-01

This study examined to see the improvement of prospective teachers’ basic skills of teaching mathematics through search-solve-create-share learning strategy based on overall and Mathematical Prior Knowledge (MPK) and interaction of both. Quasi experiments with the design of this experimental-non-equivalent control group design involved 67 students at the mathematics program of STKIP Garut. The instrument used in this study included pre-test and post-test. The result of this study showed that: (1) The improvement and achievement of the basic skills of teaching mathematics of the prospective teachers who get the learning of search-solve-create-share strategy is better than the improvement and achievement of the prospective teachers who get the conventional learning as a whole and based on MPK; (2) There is no interaction between the learning used and MPK on improving and achieving basic skills of teaching mathematics.

The mathematical modeling of rapid solidification processing. Ph.D. Thesis. Final Report

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gutierrez-Miravete, E.

1986-01-01

The detailed formulation of and the results obtained from a continuum mechanics-based mathematical model of the planar flow melt spinning (PFMS) rapid solidification system are presented and discussed. The numerical algorithm proposed is capable of computing the cooling and freezing rates as well as the fluid flow and capillary phenomena which take place inside the molten puddle formed in the PFMS process. The FORTRAN listings of some of the most useful computer programs and a collection of appendices describing the basic equations used for the modeling are included.

Improvement of Word Problem Solving and Basic Mathematics Competencies in Students with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Mathematical Learning Difficulties

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

González-Castro, Paloma; Cueli, Marisol; Areces, Débora; Rodríguez, Celestino; Sideridis, Georgios

2016-01-01

Problem solving represents a salient deficit in students with mathematical learning difficulties (MLD) primarily caused by difficulties with informal and formal mathematical competencies. This study proposes a computerized intervention tool, the integrated dynamic representation (IDR), for enhancing the early learning of basic mathematical…

A Mathematical Model Of Dengue-Chikungunya Co-Infection In A Closed Population

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aldila, Dipo; Ria Agustin, Maya

2018-03-01

Dengue disease has been a major health problem in many tropical and sub-tropical countries since the early 1900s. On the other hand, according to a 2017 WHO fact sheet, Chikungunya was detected in the first outbreak in 1952 in Tanzania and has continued increasing until now in many tropical and sub-tropical countries. Both these diseases are vector-borne diseases which are spread by the same mosquito, i.e. the female Aedes aegypti. According to the WHO report, there is a great possibility that humans and mosquitos might be infected by dengue and chikungunya at the same time. Here in this article, a mathematical model approach will be used to understand the spread of dengue and chikungunya in a closed population. A model is developed as a nine-dimensional deterministic ordinary differential equation. Equilibrium points and their local stability are analyzed analytically and numerically. We find that the basic reproduction number, the endemic indicator, is given by the maximum of three different basic reproduction numbers of a complete system, i.e. basic reproduction numbers for dengue, chikungunya and for co-infection between dengue and chikungunya. We find that the basic reproduction number for the co-infection sub-system dominates other basic reproduction numbers whenever it is larger than one. Some numerical simulations are provided to confirm these analytical results.

Investigation of a vibration-damping unit for reduction in low-frequency vibrations of electric motors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Grigoryey, N. V.; Fedorovich, M. A.

1973-01-01

The vibroacoustical characteristics of different types of electric motors are discussed. It is shown that the basic source of low frequency vibrations is rotor unbalance. A flexible damping support, with an antivibrator, is used to obtain the vibroacoustical effect of reduction in the basic harmonic of the electric motor. A model of the electric motor and the damping apparatus is presented. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationships of the parameters. The basic purpose in using a calculation model id the simultaneous replacement of the exciting force created by the rotor unbalance and its inertial rigidity characteristics by a limiting kinematic disturbance.

METHODS FOR MODELING PARTICLE DEPOSITION AS A FUNCTION OF AGE. (R827352C004)

EPA Science Inventory

The purpose of this paper is to review the application of mathematical models of inhaled particle deposition to people of various ages. The basic considerations of aerosol physics, biological characteristics and model structure are presented along with limitations inherent in ...

Trajectory-based morphological operators: a model for efficient image processing.

PubMed

Jimeno-Morenilla, Antonio; Pujol, Francisco A; Molina-Carmona, Rafael; Sánchez-Romero, José L; Pujol, Mar

2014-01-01

Mathematical morphology has been an area of intensive research over the last few years. Although many remarkable advances have been achieved throughout these years, there is still a great interest in accelerating morphological operations in order for them to be implemented in real-time systems. In this work, we present a new model for computing mathematical morphology operations, the so-called morphological trajectory model (MTM), in which a morphological filter will be divided into a sequence of basic operations. Then, a trajectory-based morphological operation (such as dilation, and erosion) is defined as the set of points resulting from the ordered application of the instant basic operations. The MTM approach allows working with different structuring elements, such as disks, and from the experiments, it can be extracted that our method is independent of the structuring element size and can be easily applied to industrial systems and high-resolution images.

Mathematical models of cell motility.

PubMed

Flaherty, Brendan; McGarry, J P; McHugh, P E

2007-01-01

Cell motility is an essential biological action in the creation, operation and maintenance of our bodies. Developing mathematical models elucidating cell motility will greatly advance our understanding of this fundamental biological process. With accurate models it is possible to explore many permutations of the same event and concisely investigate their outcome. While great advancements have been made in experimental studies of cell motility, it now has somewhat fallen on mathematical models to taking a leading role in future developments. The obvious reason for this is the complexity of cell motility. Employing the processing power of today's computers will give researches the ability to run complex biophysical and biochemical scenarios, without the inherent difficulty and time associated with in vitro investigations. Before any great advancement can be made, the basics of cell motility will have to be well-defined. Without this, complicated mathematical models will be hindered by their inherent conjecture. This review will look at current mathematical investigations of cell motility, explore the reasoning behind such work and conclude with how best to advance this interesting and challenging research area.

Mathematical model for Dengue with three states of infection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hincapie, Doracelly; Ospina, Juan

2012-06-01

A mathematical model for dengue with three states of infection is proposed and analyzed. The model consists in a system of differential equations. The three states of infection are respectively asymptomatic, partially asymptomatic and fully asymptomatic. The model is analyzed using computer algebra software, specifically Maple, and the corresponding basic reproductive number and the epidemic threshold are computed. The resulting basic reproductive number is an algebraic synthesis of all epidemic parameters and it makes clear the possible control measures. The microscopic structure of the epidemic parameters is established using the quantum theory of the interactions between the atoms and radiation. In such approximation, the human individual is represented by an atom and the mosquitoes are represented by radiation. The force of infection from the mosquitoes to the humans is considered as the transition probability from the fundamental state of atom to excited states. The combination of computer algebra software and quantum theory provides a very complete formula for the basic reproductive number and the possible control measures tending to stop the propagation of the disease. It is claimed that such result may be important in military medicine and the proposed method can be applied to other vector-borne diseases.

Explanatory model of emotional-cognitive variables in school mathematics performance: a longitudinal study in primary school.

PubMed

Cerda, Gamal; Pérez, Carlos; Navarro, José I; Aguilar, Manuel; Casas, José A; Aragón, Estíbaliz

2015-01-01

This study tested a structural model of cognitive-emotional explanatory variables to explain performance in mathematics. The predictor variables assessed were related to students' level of development of early mathematical competencies (EMCs), specifically, relational and numerical competencies, predisposition toward mathematics, and the level of logical intelligence in a population of primary school Chilean students (n = 634). This longitudinal study also included the academic performance of the students during a period of 4 years as a variable. The sampled students were initially assessed by means of an Early Numeracy Test, and, subsequently, they were administered a Likert-type scale to measure their predisposition toward mathematics (EPMAT) and a basic test of logical intelligence. The results of these tests were used to analyse the interaction of all the aforementioned variables by means of a structural equations model. This combined interaction model was able to predict 64.3% of the variability of observed performance. Preschool students' performance in EMCs was a strong predictor for achievement in mathematics for students between 8 and 11 years of age. Therefore, this paper highlights the importance of EMCs and the modulating role of predisposition toward mathematics. Also, this paper discusses the educational role of these findings, as well as possible ways to improve negative predispositions toward mathematical tasks in the school domain.

Mathematics and engineering in real life through mathematical competitions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

More, M.

2018-02-01

We bring out an experience of organizing mathematical competitions that can be used as a medium to motivate the student and teacher minds in new directions of thinking. This can contribute to fostering research, innovation and provide a hands-on experience of mathematical concepts with the real world. Mathematical competitions can be used to build curiosity and give an understanding of mathematical applications in real life. Participation in the competition has been classified under four broad categories. Student can showcase their findings in various forms of expression like model, poster, soft presentation, animation, live performance, art and poetry. The basic focus of the competition is on using open source computation tools and modern technology, to emphasize the relationship of mathematical concepts with engineering applications in real life.

An evidential reasoning extension to quantitative model-based failure diagnosis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gertler, Janos J.; Anderson, Kenneth C.

1992-01-01

The detection and diagnosis of failures in physical systems characterized by continuous-time operation are studied. A quantitative diagnostic methodology has been developed that utilizes the mathematical model of the physical system. On the basis of the latter, diagnostic models are derived each of which comprises a set of orthogonal parity equations. To improve the robustness of the algorithm, several models may be used in parallel, providing potentially incomplete and/or conflicting inferences. Dempster's rule of combination is used to integrate evidence from the different models. The basic probability measures are assigned utilizing quantitative information extracted from the mathematical model and from online computation performed therewith.

Study on the tumor-induced angiogenesis using mathematical models.

PubMed

Suzuki, Takashi; Minerva, Dhisa; Nishiyama, Koichi; Koshikawa, Naohiko; Chaplain, Mark Andrew Joseph

2018-01-01

We studied angiogenesis using mathematical models describing the dynamics of tip cells. We reviewed the basic ideas of angiogenesis models and its numerical simulation technique to produce realistic computer graphics images of sprouting angiogenesis. We examined the classical model of Anderson-Chaplain using fundamental concepts of mass transport and chemical reaction with ECM degradation included. We then constructed two types of numerical schemes, model-faithful and model-driven ones, where new techniques of numerical simulation are introduced, such as transient probability, particle velocity, and Boolean variables. © 2017 The Authors. Cancer Science published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Cancer Association.

20 CFR 901.12 - Eligibility for enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...) Basic actuarial knowledge. The applicant shall demonstrate knowledge of basic actuarial mathematics and... mathematics and methodology including compound interest, principles of life contingencies, commutation... concentration was actuarial mathematics, or (ii) Which included at least as many semester hours or quarter hours...

20 CFR 901.12 - Eligibility for enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...) Basic actuarial knowledge. The applicant shall demonstrate knowledge of basic actuarial mathematics and... mathematics and methodology including compound interest, principles of life contingencies, commutation... concentration was actuarial mathematics, or (ii) Which included at least as many semester hours or quarter hours...

20 CFR 901.12 - Eligibility for enrollment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...) Basic actuarial knowledge. The applicant shall demonstrate knowledge of basic actuarial mathematics and... mathematics and methodology including compound interest, principles of life contingencies, commutation... concentration was actuarial mathematics, or (ii) Which included at least as many semester hours or quarter hours...

Bayesian models: A statistical primer for ecologists

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hobbs, N. Thompson; Hooten, Mevin B.

2015-01-01

Bayesian modeling has become an indispensable tool for ecological research because it is uniquely suited to deal with complexity in a statistically coherent way. This textbook provides a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the latest Bayesian methods—in language ecologists can understand. Unlike other books on the subject, this one emphasizes the principles behind the computations, giving ecologists a big-picture understanding of how to implement this powerful statistical approach.Bayesian Models is an essential primer for non-statisticians. It begins with a definition of probability and develops a step-by-step sequence of connected ideas, including basic distribution theory, network diagrams, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and inference from single and multiple models. This unique book places less emphasis on computer coding, favoring instead a concise presentation of the mathematical statistics needed to understand how and why Bayesian analysis works. It also explains how to write out properly formulated hierarchical Bayesian models and use them in computing, research papers, and proposals.This primer enables ecologists to understand the statistical principles behind Bayesian modeling and apply them to research, teaching, policy, and management.Presents the mathematical and statistical foundations of Bayesian modeling in language accessible to non-statisticiansCovers basic distribution theory, network diagrams, hierarchical models, Markov chain Monte Carlo, and moreDeemphasizes computer coding in favor of basic principlesExplains how to write out properly factored statistical expressions representing Bayesian models

Mathematical models of the simplest fuzzy PI/PD controllers with skewed input and output fuzzy sets.

PubMed

Mohan, B M; Sinha, Arpita

2008-07-01

This paper unveils mathematical models for fuzzy PI/PD controllers which employ two skewed fuzzy sets for each of the two-input variables and three skewed fuzzy sets for the output variable. The basic constituents of these models are Gamma-type and L-type membership functions for each input, trapezoidal/triangular membership functions for output, intersection/algebraic product triangular norm, maximum/drastic sum triangular conorm, Mamdani minimum/Larsen product/drastic product inference method, and center of sums defuzzification method. The existing simplest fuzzy PI/PD controller structures derived via symmetrical fuzzy sets become special cases of the mathematical models revealed in this paper. Finally, a numerical example along with its simulation results are included to demonstrate the effectiveness of the simplest fuzzy PI controllers.

The Impact of Hands-On-Approach on Student Academic Performance in Basic Science and Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ekwueme, Cecilia O.; Ekon, Esther E.; Ezenwa-Nebife, Dorothy C.

2015-01-01

Children can learn mathematics and sciences effectively even before being exposed to formal school curriculum if basic Mathematics and Sciences concepts are communicated to them early using activity oriented (Hands-on) method of teaching. Mathematics and Science are practical and activity oriented and can best be learnt through inquiry (Okebukola…

Mathematical analysis of frontal affinity chromatography in particle and membrane configurations.

PubMed

Tejeda-Mansir, A; Montesinos, R M; Guzmán, R

2001-10-30

The scaleup and optimization of large-scale affinity-chromatographic operations in the recovery, separation and purification of biochemical components is of major industrial importance. The development of mathematical models to describe affinity-chromatographic processes, and the use of these models in computer programs to predict column performance is an engineering approach that can help to attain these bioprocess engineering tasks successfully. Most affinity-chromatographic separations are operated in the frontal mode, using fixed-bed columns. Purely diffusive and perfusion particles and membrane-based affinity chromatography are among the main commercially available technologies for these separations. For a particular application, a basic understanding of the main similarities and differences between particle and membrane frontal affinity chromatography and how these characteristics are reflected in the transport models is of fundamental relevance. This review presents the basic theoretical considerations used in the development of particle and membrane affinity chromatography models that can be applied in the design and operation of large-scale affinity separations in fixed-bed columns. A transport model for column affinity chromatography that considers column dispersion, particle internal convection, external film resistance, finite kinetic rate, plus macropore and micropore resistances is analyzed as a framework for exploring further the mathematical analysis. Such models provide a general realistic description of almost all practical systems. Specific mathematical models that take into account geometric considerations and transport effects have been developed for both particle and membrane affinity chromatography systems. Some of the most common simplified models, based on linear driving-force (LDF) and equilibrium assumptions, are emphasized. Analytical solutions of the corresponding simplified dimensionless affinity models are presented. Particular methods for estimating the parameters that characterize the mass-transfer and adsorption mechanisms in affinity systems are described.

A Simple Mechanical Model for the Isotropic Harmonic Oscillator

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nita, Gelu M.

2010-01-01

A constrained elastic pendulum is proposed as a simple mechanical model for the isotropic harmonic oscillator. The conceptual and mathematical simplicity of this model recommends it as an effective pedagogical tool in teaching basic physics concepts at advanced high school and introductory undergraduate course levels. (Contains 2 figures.)

Analysis of Prospective Mathematics Teachers’ Basic Teaching Skills (a Study of Mathematics Education Departement Students’ Field Experience Program at STKIP Garut)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rahayu, D. V.

2017-02-01

This study was intended to figure out basic teaching skills of Mathematics Department Students of STKIP Garut at Field Experience Program in academic year 2014/2015. This study was qualitative research with analysis descriptive technique. Instrument used in this study was observation sheet to measure basic teaching mathematics skills. The result showed that ability of content mastery and explaining skill were in average category. Questioning skill, conducting variations skill and conducting assessment skill were in good category. Managing classroom skill and giving motivation skill were in poor category. Based on the result, it can be concluded that the students’ basic teaching skills weren’t optimal. It is recommended for the collegians to get lesson with appropriate strategy so that they can optimize their basic teaching skills.

Exponentiation: A New Basic?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Brent

2015-01-01

For centuries, the basic operations of school mathematics have been identified as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division. Notably, these operations are "basic," not because they are foundational to mathematics knowledge, but because they were vital to a newly industrialized and market-driven economy several hundred years…

Numerical modelling in biosciences using delay differential equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bocharov, Gennadii A.; Rihan, Fathalla A.

2000-12-01

Our principal purposes here are (i) to consider, from the perspective of applied mathematics, models of phenomena in the biosciences that are based on delay differential equations and for which numerical approaches are a major tool in understanding their dynamics, (ii) to review the application of numerical techniques to investigate these models. We show that there are prima facie reasons for using such models: (i) they have a richer mathematical framework (compared with ordinary differential equations) for the analysis of biosystem dynamics, (ii) they display better consistency with the nature of certain biological processes and predictive results. We analyze both the qualitative and quantitative role that delays play in basic time-lag models proposed in population dynamics, epidemiology, physiology, immunology, neural networks and cell kinetics. We then indicate suitable computational techniques for the numerical treatment of mathematical problems emerging in the biosciences, comparing them with those implemented by the bio-modellers.

Development of Mathematical Skills Developing Game Software.

PubMed

Hajdics, Gyula; Guzsvinecz, Tibor; Szucs, Veronika; Sik Lanyi, Cecilia

2017-01-01

Using basic mathematical operations is not easy for everyone. The AndMaths game for Android devices was developed to help elementary school students to learn these basic mathematical skills in the number ranges of twenties, fifties, hundreds and thousands. The user can freely select the number ranges.

Introducing Seismic Tomography with Computational Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neves, R.; Neves, M. L.; Teodoro, V.

2011-12-01

Learning seismic tomography principles and techniques involves advanced physical and computational knowledge. In depth learning of such computational skills is a difficult cognitive process that requires a strong background in physics, mathematics and computer programming. The corresponding learning environments and pedagogic methodologies should then involve sets of computational modelling activities with computer software systems which allow students the possibility to improve their mathematical or programming knowledge and simultaneously focus on the learning of seismic wave propagation and inverse theory. To reduce the level of cognitive opacity associated with mathematical or programming knowledge, several computer modelling systems have already been developed (Neves & Teodoro, 2010). Among such systems, Modellus is particularly well suited to achieve this goal because it is a domain general environment for explorative and expressive modelling with the following main advantages: 1) an easy and intuitive creation of mathematical models using just standard mathematical notation; 2) the simultaneous exploration of images, tables, graphs and object animations; 3) the attribution of mathematical properties expressed in the models to animated objects; and finally 4) the computation and display of mathematical quantities obtained from the analysis of images and graphs. Here we describe virtual simulations and educational exercises which enable students an easy grasp of the fundamental of seismic tomography. The simulations make the lecture more interactive and allow students the possibility to overcome their lack of advanced mathematical or programming knowledge and focus on the learning of seismological concepts and processes taking advantage of basic scientific computation methods and tools.

Derivation and computation of discrete-delay and continuous-delay SDEs in mathematical biology.

PubMed

Allen, Edward J

2014-06-01

Stochastic versions of several discrete-delay and continuous-delay differential equations, useful in mathematical biology, are derived from basic principles carefully taking into account the demographic, environmental, or physiological randomness in the dynamic processes. In particular, stochastic delay differential equation (SDDE) models are derived and studied for Nicholson's blowflies equation, Hutchinson's equation, an SIS epidemic model with delay, bacteria/phage dynamics, and glucose/insulin levels. Computational methods for approximating the SDDE models are described. Comparisons between computational solutions of the SDDEs and independently formulated Monte Carlo calculations support the accuracy of the derivations and of the computational methods.

Mathematics Content Coverage and Student Learning in Kindergarten

PubMed Central

Engel, Mimi; Claessens, Amy; Watts, Tyler; Farkas, George

2017-01-01

Analyzing data from two nationally representative kindergarten cohorts, we examine the mathematics content teachers cover in kindergarten. We expand upon prior research, finding that kindergarten teachers report emphasizing basic mathematics content. Although teachers reported increased coverage of advanced content between the 1998–99 and 2010–11 school years, they continued to place more emphasis on basic content. We find that time on advanced content is positively associated with student learning, whereas time on basic content has a negative association with learning. We argue that increased exposure to more advanced mathematics content could benefit the vast majority of kindergartners. PMID:29353913

Cognitive correlates of performance in advanced mathematics.

PubMed

Wei, Wei; Yuan, Hongbo; Chen, Chuansheng; Zhou, Xinlin

2012-03-01

Much research has been devoted to understanding cognitive correlates of elementary mathematics performance, but little such research has been done for advanced mathematics (e.g., modern algebra, statistics, and mathematical logic). To promote mathematical knowledge among college students, it is necessary to understand what factors (including cognitive factors) are important for acquiring advanced mathematics. We recruited 80 undergraduates from four universities in Beijing. The current study investigated the associations between students' performance on a test of advanced mathematics and a battery of 17 cognitive tasks on basic numerical processing, complex numerical processing, spatial abilities, language abilities, and general cognitive processing. The results showed that spatial abilities were significantly correlated with performance in advanced mathematics after controlling for other factors. In addition, certain language abilities (i.e., comprehension of words and sentences) also made unique contributions. In contrast, basic numerical processing and computation were generally not correlated with performance in advanced mathematics. Results suggest that spatial abilities and language comprehension, but not basic numerical processing, may play an important role in advanced mathematics. These results are discussed in terms of their theoretical significance and practical implications. ©2011 The British Psychological Society.

10 CFR 431.445 - Determination of small electric motor efficiency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... determined either by testing in accordance with § 431.444 of this subpart, or by application of an... method. An AEDM applied to a basic model must be: (i) Derived from a mathematical model that represents... statistical analysis, computer simulation or modeling, or other analytic evaluation of performance data. (3...

BehavePlus fire modeling system: Past, present, and future

Treesearch

Patricia L. Andrews

2007-01-01

Use of mathematical fire models to predict fire behavior and fire effects plays an important supporting role in wildland fire management. When used in conjunction with personal fire experience and a basic understanding of the fire models, predictions can be successfully applied to a range of fire management activities including wildfire behavior prediction, prescribed...

Testing Measurement Invariance of the Students' Affective Characteristics Model across Gender Sub-Groups

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Demir, Ergül

2017-01-01

In this study, the aim was to construct a significant structural measurement model comparing students' affective characteristics with their mathematic achievement. According to this model, the aim was to test the measurement invariances between gender sub-groups hierarchically. This study was conducted as basic and descriptive research. Secondary…

A Mathematical Model for an Educational System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McReynolds, William Peter

The document contents divide into (1) the basic flow model of an educational system and its application to the secondary school system of Ontario and (2) a group of interrelated submodels that describe the entrance to higher education in considerably finer detail. In the first section, the principal variable of the model--the transition…

Currency Arbitrage Detection Using a Binary Integer Programming Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Soon, Wanmei; Ye, Heng-Qing

2011-01-01

In this article, we examine the use of a new binary integer programming (BIP) model to detect arbitrage opportunities in currency exchanges. This model showcases an excellent application of mathematics to the real world. The concepts involved are easily accessible to undergraduate students with basic knowledge in Operations Research. Through this…

A Biologically Constrained, Mathematical Model of Cortical Wave Propagation Preceding Seizure Termination

PubMed Central

González-Ramírez, Laura R.; Ahmed, Omar J.; Cash, Sydney S.; Wayne, C. Eugene; Kramer, Mark A.

2015-01-01

Epilepsy—the condition of recurrent, unprovoked seizures—manifests in brain voltage activity with characteristic spatiotemporal patterns. These patterns include stereotyped semi-rhythmic activity produced by aggregate neuronal populations, and organized spatiotemporal phenomena, including waves. To assess these spatiotemporal patterns, we develop a mathematical model consistent with the observed neuronal population activity and determine analytically the parameter configurations that support traveling wave solutions. We then utilize high-density local field potential data recorded in vivo from human cortex preceding seizure termination from three patients to constrain the model parameters, and propose basic mechanisms that contribute to the observed traveling waves. We conclude that a relatively simple and abstract mathematical model consisting of localized interactions between excitatory cells with slow adaptation captures the quantitative features of wave propagation observed in the human local field potential preceding seizure termination. PMID:25689136

Selection Criteria for Mathematical Models Used in Exposure Assessments: Atmospheric Dispersion Models

EPA Science Inventory

Before the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency issued the 1988 Guidelines for Estimating Exposures, it published proposed guidelines in the Federal Register for public review and comment. he guidelines are intended to give risk analysis a basic framework and the tools they need ...

Transmission dynamics of cholera: Mathematical modeling and control strategies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Gui-Quan; Xie, Jun-Hui; Huang, Sheng-He; Jin, Zhen; Li, Ming-Tao; Liu, Liqun

2017-04-01

Cholera, as an endemic disease around the world, has generated great threat to human society and caused enormous morbidity and mortality with weak surveillance system. In this paper, we propose a mathematical model to describe the transmission of Cholera. Moreover, basic reproduction number and the global dynamics of the dynamical model are obtained. Then we apply our model to characterize the transmission process of Cholera in China. It was found that, in order to avoid its outbreak in China, it may be better to increase immunization coverage rate and make effort to improve environmental management especially for drinking water. Our results may provide some new insights for elimination of Cholera.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Koizumi, Yoshiki; Nakajim, Syo; Ohash, Hirofumi

Cell culture study combing a mathematical model and computer simulation quantifies the anti-hepatitis C virus drug efficacy at any concentrations and any combinations in preclinical settings, and can obtain rich basic evidences for selecting optimal treatments prior to costly clinical trials.

An update of input instructions to TEMOD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1973-01-01

The theory and operation of a FORTRAN 4 computer code, designated as TEMOD, used to calcuate tubular thermoelectric generator performance is described in WANL-TME-1906. The original version of TEMOD was developed in 1969. A description is given of additions to the mathematical model and an update of the input instructions to the code. Although the basic mathematical model described in WANL-TME-1906 has remained unchanged, a substantial number of input/output options were added to allow completion of module performance parametrics as required in support of the compact thermoelectric converter system technology program.

Aerodynamic mathematical modeling - basic concepts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tobak, M.; Schiff, L. B.

1981-01-01

The mathematical modeling of the aerodynamic response of an aircraft to arbitrary maneuvers is reviewed. Bryan's original formulation, linear aerodynamic indicial functions, and superposition are considered. These concepts are extended into the nonlinear regime. The nonlinear generalization yields a form for the aerodynamic response that can be built up from the responses to a limited number of well defined characteristic motions, reproducible in principle either in wind tunnel experiments or flow field computations. A further generalization leads to a form accommodating the discontinuous and double valued behavior characteristics of hysteresis in the steady state aerodynamic response.

The Effect of Using an Educational Website in Achievement of Bachelor Students in the Course of Basic Concepts in Mathematics at Al al-Bayt University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Qudah, Ahmad Hassan

2016-01-01

The study aimed to detect the effect of using an educational site on the Internet in the collection of bachelor's students in the course of basic concepts in mathematics at Al al-Bayt University, and the study sample consisted of all students in the course basic concepts in mathematics in the first semester of the academic year 2014/2015 and the…

Explanatory model of emotional-cognitive variables in school mathematics performance: a longitudinal study in primary school

PubMed Central

Cerda, Gamal; Pérez, Carlos; Navarro, José I.; Aguilar, Manuel; Casas, José A.; Aragón, Estíbaliz

2015-01-01

This study tested a structural model of cognitive-emotional explanatory variables to explain performance in mathematics. The predictor variables assessed were related to students’ level of development of early mathematical competencies (EMCs), specifically, relational and numerical competencies, predisposition toward mathematics, and the level of logical intelligence in a population of primary school Chilean students (n = 634). This longitudinal study also included the academic performance of the students during a period of 4 years as a variable. The sampled students were initially assessed by means of an Early Numeracy Test, and, subsequently, they were administered a Likert-type scale to measure their predisposition toward mathematics (EPMAT) and a basic test of logical intelligence. The results of these tests were used to analyse the interaction of all the aforementioned variables by means of a structural equations model. This combined interaction model was able to predict 64.3% of the variability of observed performance. Preschool students’ performance in EMCs was a strong predictor for achievement in mathematics for students between 8 and 11 years of age. Therefore, this paper highlights the importance of EMCs and the modulating role of predisposition toward mathematics. Also, this paper discusses the educational role of these findings, as well as possible ways to improve negative predispositions toward mathematical tasks in the school domain. PMID:26441739

Helping Students to Recognize and Evaluate an Assumption in Quantitative Reasoning: A Basic Critical-Thinking Activity with Marbles and Electronic Balance

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slisko, Josip; Cruz, Adrian Corona

2013-01-01

There is a general agreement that critical thinking is an important element of 21st century skills. Although critical thinking is a very complex and controversial conception, many would accept that recognition and evaluation of assumptions is a basic critical-thinking process. When students use simple mathematical model to reason quantitatively…

Ross, macdonald, and a theory for the dynamics and control of mosquito-transmitted pathogens.

PubMed

Smith, David L; Battle, Katherine E; Hay, Simon I; Barker, Christopher M; Scott, Thomas W; McKenzie, F Ellis

2012-01-01

Ronald Ross and George Macdonald are credited with developing a mathematical model of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. A systematic historical review suggests that several mathematicians and scientists contributed to development of the Ross-Macdonald model over a period of 70 years. Ross developed two different mathematical models, Macdonald a third, and various "Ross-Macdonald" mathematical models exist. Ross-Macdonald models are best defined by a consensus set of assumptions. The mathematical model is just one part of a theory for the dynamics and control of mosquito-transmitted pathogens that also includes epidemiological and entomological concepts and metrics for measuring transmission. All the basic elements of the theory had fallen into place by the end of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme (GMEP, 1955-1969) with the concept of vectorial capacity, methods for measuring key components of transmission by mosquitoes, and a quantitative theory of vector control. The Ross-Macdonald theory has since played a central role in development of research on mosquito-borne pathogen transmission and the development of strategies for mosquito-borne disease prevention.

Ross, Macdonald, and a Theory for the Dynamics and Control of Mosquito-Transmitted Pathogens

PubMed Central

Smith, David L.; Battle, Katherine E.; Hay, Simon I.; Barker, Christopher M.; Scott, Thomas W.; McKenzie, F. Ellis

2012-01-01

Ronald Ross and George Macdonald are credited with developing a mathematical model of mosquito-borne pathogen transmission. A systematic historical review suggests that several mathematicians and scientists contributed to development of the Ross-Macdonald model over a period of 70 years. Ross developed two different mathematical models, Macdonald a third, and various “Ross-Macdonald” mathematical models exist. Ross-Macdonald models are best defined by a consensus set of assumptions. The mathematical model is just one part of a theory for the dynamics and control of mosquito-transmitted pathogens that also includes epidemiological and entomological concepts and metrics for measuring transmission. All the basic elements of the theory had fallen into place by the end of the Global Malaria Eradication Programme (GMEP, 1955–1969) with the concept of vectorial capacity, methods for measuring key components of transmission by mosquitoes, and a quantitative theory of vector control. The Ross-Macdonald theory has since played a central role in development of research on mosquito-borne pathogen transmission and the development of strategies for mosquito-borne disease prevention. PMID:22496640

Developing Basic Math Skills for Marketing. Student Manual and Laboratory Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klewer, Edwin D.

Field tested with students in grades 10-12, this manual is designed to teach students in marketing courses basic mathematical concepts. The instructional booklet contains seven student assignments covering the following topics: why basic mathematics is so important, whole numbers, fractions, decimals, percentages, weights and measures, and dollars…

Reverse engineering of aircraft wing data using a partial differential equation surface model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huband, Jacalyn Mann

Reverse engineering is a multi-step process used in industry to determine a production representation of an existing physical object. This representation is in the form of mathematical equations that are compatible with computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) equipment. The four basic steps to the reverse engineering process are data acquisition, data separation, surface or curve fitting, and CAD/CAM production. The surface fitting step determines the design representation of the object, and thus is critical to the success or failure of the reverse engineering process. Although surface fitting methods described in the literature are used to model a variety of surfaces, they are not suitable for reversing aircraft wings. In this dissertation, we develop and demonstrate a new strategy for reversing a mathematical representation of an aircraft wing. The basis of our strategy is to take an aircraft design model and determine if an inverse model can be derived. A candidate design model for this research is the partial differential equation (PDE) surface model, proposed by Bloor and Wilson and used in the Rapid Airplane Parameter Input Design (RAPID) tool at the NASA-LaRC Geolab. There are several basic mathematical problems involved in reversing the PDE surface model: (i) deriving a computational approximation of the surface function; (ii) determining a radial parametrization of the wing; (iii) choosing mathematical models or classes of functions for representation of the boundary functions; (iv) fitting the boundary data points by the chosen boundary functions; and (v) simultaneously solving for the axial parameterization and the derivative boundary functions. The study of the techniques to solve the above mathematical problems has culminated in a reverse PDE surface model and two reverse PDE surface algorithms. One reverse PDE surface algorithm recovers engineering design parameters for the RAPID tool from aircraft wing data and the other generates a PDE surface model with spline boundary functions from an arbitrary set of grid points. Our numerical tests show that the reverse PDE surface model and the reverse PDE surface algorithms can be used for the reverse engineering of aircraft wing data.

Variable thickness transient ground-water flow model. Volume 1. Formulation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reisenauer, A.E.

1979-12-01

Mathematical formulation for the variable thickness transient (VTT) model of an aquifer system is presented. The basic assumptions are described. Specific data requirements for the physical parameters are discussed. The boundary definitions and solution techniques of the numerical formulation of the system of equations are presented.

Reliability Modeling of Double Beam Bridge Crane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Zhu; Tong, Yifei; Luan, Jiahui; Xiangdong, Li

2018-05-01

This paper briefly described the structure of double beam bridge crane and the basic parameters of double beam bridge crane are defined. According to the structure and system division of double beam bridge crane, the reliability architecture of double beam bridge crane system is proposed, and the reliability mathematical model is constructed.

Applying the Principles of Specific Objectivity and of Generalizability to the Measurement of Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fischer, Gerhard H.

1987-01-01

A natural parameterization and formalization of the problem of measuring change in dichotomous data is developed. Mathematically-exact definitions of specific objectivity are presented, and the basic structures of the linear logistic test model and the linear logistic model with relaxed assumptions are clarified. (SLD)

10 CFR 431.445 - Determination of small electric motor efficiency.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... COMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL EQUIPMENT Small Electric Motors Test Procedures § 431.445 Determination of small... the mechanical and electrical characteristics of that basic model, and (ii) Based on engineering or... Department of Energy records showing the method or methods used; the mathematical model, the engineering or...

Stabilizing a Bicycle: A Modeling Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pennings, Timothy J.; Williams, Blair R.

2010-01-01

This article is a project that takes students through the process of forming a mathematical model of bicycle dynamics. Beginning with basic ideas from Newtonian mechanics (forces and torques), students use techniques from calculus and differential equations to develop the equations of rotational motion for a bicycle-rider system as it tips from…

38 CFR 21.3344 - Special assistance for the educationally disadvantaged.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... language skills and mathematics skills may be made by: (i) A VA counseling psychologist or vocational...) (f) Basic skills. Basic English language courses or mathematics courses will be authorized when it is..., speaking, or essential mathematics. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3533) [61 FR 26112, May 24, 1996, as amended at...

38 CFR 21.3344 - Special assistance for the educationally disadvantaged.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... language skills and mathematics skills may be made by: (i) A VA counseling psychologist or vocational...) (f) Basic skills. Basic English language courses or mathematics courses will be authorized when it is..., speaking, or essential mathematics. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3533) [61 FR 26112, May 24, 1996, as amended at...

38 CFR 21.3344 - Special assistance for the educationally disadvantaged.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... language skills and mathematics skills may be made by: (i) A VA counseling psychologist or vocational...) (f) Basic skills. Basic English language courses or mathematics courses will be authorized when it is..., speaking, or essential mathematics. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3533) [61 FR 26112, May 24, 1996, as amended at...

20 CFR 901.13 - Eligibility for enrollment of individuals applying for enrollment on or after January 1, 1976.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... actuarial mathematics and methodology by one of the following: (1) Joint Board basic examination. Successful... basic actuarial mathematics and methodology including compound interest, principles of life... major area of concentration was actuarial mathematics, or (ii) Which included at least as many semester...

38 CFR 21.3344 - Special assistance for the educationally disadvantaged.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... language skills and mathematics skills may be made by: (i) A VA counseling psychologist or vocational...) (f) Basic skills. Basic English language courses or mathematics courses will be authorized when it is..., speaking, or essential mathematics. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3533) [61 FR 26112, May 24, 1996, as amended at...

Trends in Basic Mathematical Competencies of Beginning Undergraduates in Ireland, 2003-2013

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Treacy, Páraic; Faulkner, Fiona

2015-01-01

Deficiencies in beginning undergraduate students' basic mathematical skills has been an issue of concern in higher education, particularly in the past 15 years. This issue has been tracked and analysed in a number of universities in Ireland and internationally through student scores recorded in mathematics diagnostic tests. Students beginning…

Mathematics: A Practical View. Volume I, Teacher Edition. Applied Basic Curriculum Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Dallas.

The activities in this volume of practical mathematics are intended for the intermediate grades. The manual contains three components which can be structured in different combinations according to different student needs. Built around a review of selected objectives in the mathematics basic curriculum, the material is intended to stimulate…

Didactics and History of Mathematics: Knowledge and Self-Knowledge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fried, Michael N.

2007-01-01

The basic assumption of this paper is that mathematics and history of mathematics are both forms of knowledge and, therefore, represent different ways of knowing. This was also the basic assumption of Fried (2001) who maintained that these ways of knowing imply different conceptual and methodological commitments, which, in turn, lead to a conflict…

1970-71 Basic Mathematics Improvement Component. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rodosky, Robert

The Basic Mathematics Improvement Component, funded under Title I of the 1965 Elementary Secondary Education Act, served nearly 800 pupils in grades four through nine in 20 high priority inner-city schools. The philosophy behind the program was that high achievement in mathematics correlates highly with the high achievement in other areas, and a…

Massachusetts Adult Basic Education Curriculum Framework for Mathematics and Numeracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Massachusetts Department of Education, 2005

2005-01-01

Over the past number of years, several initiatives have set the stage for writing the Massachusetts ABE (Adult Basic Education) Curriculum Frameworks for Mathematics and Numeracy. This current version of the "Massachusetts ABE Mathematics Curriculum Frameworks" is a second revision of that first framework, but it is heavily influenced by…

Genetics and Mathematics: Evidence from Prader-Willi Syndrome

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semenza, Carlo; Pignatti, Riccardo; Bertella, Laura; Ceriani, Francesca; Mori, Ileana; Molinari, Enrico; Giardino, Daniela; Malvestiti, Francesca; Grugni, Graziano

2008-01-01

Mathematical abilities were tested in people with Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), using a series of basic mathematical tasks for which normative data are available. The difference between the deletion and the disomy variants of this condition was explored. While a wide phenotypic variation was found, some basic findings emerge clearly. As expected…

38 CFR 21.3344 - Special assistance for the educationally disadvantaged.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... language skills and mathematics skills may be made by: (i) A VA counseling psychologist or vocational...) (f) Basic skills. Basic English language courses or mathematics courses will be authorized when it is..., speaking, or essential mathematics. (Authority: 38 U.S.C. 3533) [61 FR 26112, May 24, 1996, as amended at...

Teaching a High-Level Contextualized Mathematics Curriculum to Adult Basic Learners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Showalter, Daniel A.; Wollett, Chelsie; Reynolds, Sharon

2014-01-01

This paper reports on the implementation of a high level contextualized mathematics curriculum by 12 adult basic instructors in a midwestern state. The 10-week pilot curriculum embedded high level mathematics in contexts that were familiar to adult learners. Instructors' weekly online posts were coded, and the following themes emerged: (a)…

Mathematical model of bone drilling for virtual surgery system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alaytsev, Innokentiy K.; Danilova, Tatyana V.; Manturov, Alexey O.; Mareev, Gleb O.; Mareev, Oleg V.

2018-04-01

The bone drilling is an essential part of surgeries in ENT and Dentistry. A proper training of drilling machine handling skills is impossible without proper modelling of the drilling process. Utilization of high precision methods like FEM is limited due to the requirement of 1000 Hz update rate for haptic feedback. The study presents a mathematical model of the drilling process that accounts the properties of materials, the geometry and the rotation rate of a burr to compute the removed material volume. The simplicity of the model allows for integrating it in the high-frequency haptic thread. The precision of the model is enough for a virtual surgery system targeted on the training of the basic surgery skills.

A mathematical model for the deformation of the eyeball by an elastic band.

PubMed

Keeling, Stephen L; Propst, Georg; Stadler, Georg; Wackernagel, Werner

2009-06-01

In a certain kind of eye surgery, the human eyeball is deformed sustainably by the application of an elastic band. This article presents a mathematical model for the mechanics of the combined eye/band structure along with an algorithm to compute the model solutions. These predict the immediate and the lasting indentation of the eyeball. The model is derived from basic physical principles by minimizing a potential energy subject to a volume constraint. Assuming spherical symmetry, this leads to a two-point boundary-value problem for a non-linear second-order ordinary differential equation that describes the minimizing static equilibrium. By comparison with laboratory data, a preliminary validation of the model is given.

Modeling malware propagation using a carrier compartment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández Guillén, J. D.; Martín del Rey, A.

2018-03-01

The great majority of mathematical models proposed to simulate malware spreading are based on systems of ordinary differential equations. These are compartmental models where the devices are classified according to some types: susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered, etc. As far as we know, there is not any model considering the special class of carrier devices. This type is constituted by the devices whose operative systems is not targeted by the malware (for example, iOS devices for Android malware). In this work a novel mathematical model considering this new compartment is considered. Its qualitative study is presented and a detailed analysis of the efficient control measures is shown by studying the basic reproductive number.

The Worm Propagation Model with Dual Dynamic Quarantine Strategy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yao, Yu; Xie, Xiao-Wu; Guo, Hao; Gao, Fu-Xiang; Yu, Ge

Internet worms are becoming more and more harmful with the rapid development of the Internet. Due to the extremely fast spread and great destructive power of network worms, strong dynamic quarantine strategies are necessary. Inspired by the real-world approach to the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases, this paper proposes a quarantine strategy based on dynamic worm propagation model: the SIQRV dual quarantine model. This strategy uses dynamic quarantine method to make the vulnerable host and infected host quarantined, and then release them after a certain period of time, regardless of whether quarantined host security is checked. Through mathematic modeling, it has been found that when the basic reproduction number R0 is less than a critical value, the system will stabilize in the disease-free equilibrium, that is, in theory, the infected hosts will be completely immune. Finally, by comparing the simulation results and numerical analysis, the basic agreement between the two curves supports the validity of the mathematical model. Our future work will be focusing on taking both the delay and double-quarantine strategy into account and further expanding the scale of our simulation work.

The effect of mathematics games to the student perception of mathematics subject: A case study in Sekolah Kebangsaan Bukit Kuda, Klang

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdul Hadi, Normi; Mohd Noor, Norlenda; Abd Halim, Suhaila; Alwadood, Zuraida; Khairol Azmi, Nurul Nisa'

2013-04-01

Mathematics is a basic subject in primary and secondary schools. Early exposure to mathematics is very important since it will affect the student perception towards this subject for their entire life. Therefore, a program called 'Mini Hari Matematik' was conducted to expose the basic mathematics concept through some games which fit the knowledge of Standard four and five students. A questionnaire regarding student perception towards this subject was distributed before and after the program. From the analysis, the program has positively changed the student's perception towards mathematics.

Climate Modeling in the Calculus and Differential Equations Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kose, Emek; Kunze, Jennifer

2013-01-01

Students in college-level mathematics classes can build the differential equations of an energy balance model of the Earth's climate themselves, from a basic understanding of the background science. Here we use variable albedo and qualitative analysis to find stable and unstable equilibria of such a model, providing a problem or perhaps a…

Modeling of Economy Considering Crisis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrov, Lev F.

2009-09-01

We discuss main modeling's problems of economy dynamic processes and the reason forecast's absence of economic crisis. We present a structure of complexity level of system and models and discuss expected results concerning crisis phenomena. We formulate the basic perspective directions of the mathematical modeling of economy, including possibility of the analysis of the pre crisis, crisis and post crisis phenomena in economic systems.

Numerosity as a topological invariant.

PubMed

Kluth, Tobias; Zetzsche, Christoph

2016-01-01

The ability to quickly recognize the number of objects in our environment is a fundamental cognitive function. However, it is far from clear which computations and which actual neural processing mechanisms are used to provide us with such a skill. Here we try to provide a detailed and comprehensive analysis of this issue, which comprises both the basic mathematical foundations and the peculiarities imposed by the structure of the visual system and by the neural computations provided by the visual cortex. We suggest that numerosity should be considered as a mathematical invariant. Making use of concepts from mathematical topology--like connectedness, Betti numbers, and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem--we derive the basic computations suited for the computation of this invariant. We show that the computation of numerosity is possible in a neurophysiologically plausible fashion using only computational elements which are known to exist in the visual cortex. We further show that a fundamental feature of numerosity perception, its Weber property, arises naturally, assuming noise in the basic neural operations. The model is tested on an extended data set (made publicly available). It is hoped that our results can provide a general framework for future research on the invariance properties of the numerosity system.

Shortage of Mathematics Teachers in Thai Basic Education Level

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puncreobutr, Vichian; Rattanatumma, Tawachai

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to identify the reasons for shortage of Mathematics teachers at Thai Basic Education level. This research is both quantitative and qualitative in nature. For the purpose of study, survey was conducted with senior high school students, in order to find out their willingness to pursue mathematics in Bachelor of…

Effects of Digital-Based Math Fluency Interventions on Learners with Math Difficulties: A Review of the Literature

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cozad, Lauren E.; Riccomini, Paul J.

2016-01-01

Mathematical proficiency serves as a foundation for student success in the classroom and real world. One component of mathematical proficiency is fluency with basic facts. Frequently, students with mathematics difficulties struggle to become proficient and fluent in the four basic operations. Interventions are available to help develop and promote…

Computational Technique for Teaching Mathematics (CTTM): Visualizing the Polynomial's Resultant

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alves, Francisco Regis Vieira

2015-01-01

We find several applications of the Dynamic System Geogebra--DSG related predominantly to the basic mathematical concepts at the context of the learning and teaching in Brasil. However, all these works were developed in the basic level of Mathematics. On the other hand, we discuss and explore, with DSG's help, some applications of the polynomial's…

To Issue of Mathematical Management Methods Applied for Investment-Building Complex under Conditions of Economic Crisis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Novikova, V.; Nikolaeva, O.

2017-11-01

In the article the authors consider a cognitive management method of the investment-building complex in the crisis conditions. The factors influencing the choice of an investment strategy are studied, the basic lines of the activity in the field of crisis-management from a position of mathematical modelling are defined. The general approach to decision-making on investment in real assets on the basis of the discrete systems based on the optimum control theory is offered. With the use of a discrete maximum principle the task in view of the decision is found. The numerical algorithm to define the optimum control is formulated by investments. Analytical decisions for the case of constant profitability of the basic means are obtained.

Evaluation of the Thermodynamic Consistency of Closure Approximations in Several Models Proposed for the Description of Liquid Crystalline Dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Edwards, Brian J.

2002-05-01

Given the premise that a set of dynamical equations must possess a definite, underlying mathematical structure to ensure local and global thermodynamic stability, as has been well documented, several different models for describing liquid crystalline dynamics are examined with respect to said structure. These models, each derived during the past several years using a specific closure approximation for the fourth moment of the distribution function in Doi's rigid rod theory, are all shown to be inconsistent with this basic mathematical structure. The source of this inconsistency lies in Doi's expressions for the extra stress tensor and temporal evolution of the order parameter, which are rederived herein using a transformation that allows for internal compatibility with the underlying mathematical structure that is present on the distribution function level of description.

A new mechanistic growth model for simultaneous determination of lag phase duration and exponential growth rate and a new Belehdradek-type model for evaluating the effect of temperature on growth rate

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A new mechanistic growth model was developed to describe microbial growth under isothermal conditions. The new mathematical model was derived from the basic observation of bacterial growth that may include lag, exponential, and stationary phases. With this model, the lag phase duration and exponen...

Computer Synthesis Approaches of Hyperboloid Gear Drives with Linear Contact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abadjiev, Valentin; Kawasaki, Haruhisa

2014-09-01

The computer design has improved forming different type software for scientific researches in the field of gearing theory as well as performing an adequate scientific support of the gear drives manufacture. Here are attached computer programs that are based on mathematical models as a result of scientific researches. The modern gear transmissions require the construction of new mathematical approaches to their geometric, technological and strength analysis. The process of optimization, synthesis and design is based on adequate iteration procedures to find out an optimal solution by varying definite parameters. The study is dedicated to accepted methodology in the creation of soft- ware for the synthesis of a class high reduction hyperboloid gears - Spiroid and Helicon ones (Spiroid and Helicon are trademarks registered by the Illinois Tool Works, Chicago, Ill). The developed basic computer products belong to software, based on original mathematical models. They are based on the two mathematical models for the synthesis: "upon a pitch contact point" and "upon a mesh region". Computer programs are worked out on the basis of the described mathematical models, and the relations between them are shown. The application of the shown approaches to the synthesis of commented gear drives is illustrated.

Basic Phage Mathematics.

PubMed

Abedon, Stephen T; Katsaounis, Tena I

2018-01-01

Basic mathematical descriptions are useful in phage ecology, applied phage ecology such as in the course of phage therapy, and also toward keeping track of expected phage-bacterial interactions as seen during laboratory manipulation of phages. The most basic mathematical descriptor of phages is their titer, that is, their concentration within stocks, experimental vessels, or other environments. Various phenomena can serve to modify phage titers, and indeed phage titers can vary as a function of how they are measured. An important aspect of how changes in titers can occur results from phage interactions with bacteria. These changes tend to vary in degree as a function of bacterial densities within environments, and particularly densities of those bacteria that are susceptible to or at least adsorbable by a given phage type. Using simple mathematical models one can describe phage-bacterial interactions that give rise particularly to phage adsorption events. With elaboration one can consider changes in both phage and bacterial densities as a function of both time and these interactions. In addition, phages along with their impact on bacteria can be considered as spatially constrained processes. In this chapter we consider the simpler of these concepts, providing in particular detailed verbal explanations toward facile mathematical insight. The primary goal is to stimulate a more informed use and manipulation of phages and phage populations within the laboratory as well as toward more effective phage application outside of the laboratory, such as during phage therapy. More generally, numerous issues and approaches to the quantification of phages are considered along with the quantification of individual, ecological, and applied properties of phages.

Incorporating heterogeneity into the transmission dynamics of a waterborne disease model.

PubMed

Collins, O C; Govinder, K S

2014-09-07

We formulate a mathematical model that captures the essential dynamics of waterborne disease transmission to study the effects of heterogeneity on the spread of the disease. The effects of heterogeneity on some important mathematical features of the model such as the basic reproduction number, type reproduction number and final outbreak size are analysed accordingly. We conduct a real-world application of this model by using it to investigate the heterogeneity in transmission in the recent cholera outbreak in Haiti. By evaluating the measure of heterogeneity between the administrative departments in Haiti, we discover a significant difference in the dynamics of the cholera outbreak between the departments. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A review of the basic concepts of dense gas dispersion with special regard to modelling of heat transfer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tasker, M. N.

1984-01-01

Dense gas dispersion is the study of the spreading and dilution of a gas that has a density greater than that of ambient air. Models to predict the dispersion of such dense gases as chlorine, sulfur dioxide, liquefied natural gas, and liquid propane are necessary to prevent a catastrophe in environmental and/or human terms. A basic physical picture of dense gas dispersion is provided. Mathematical and wind tunnel models of dense gas flow are presented and discussed, including the constraints and disadvantages of modelling techniques. Special emphasis is given to heat transfer during dense gas dispersion.

Methods for Maximizing the Learning Process: A Theoretical and Experimental Analysis.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atkinson, Richard C.

This research deals with optimizing the instructional process. The approach adopted was to limit consideration to simple learning tasks for which adequate mathematical models could be developed. Optimal or suitable suboptimal instructional strategies were developed for the models. The basic idea was to solve for strategies that either maximize the…

DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Mathematics, Volume 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-06-01

The Mathematics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mathematics and its application to facility operation. The handbook includes a review of introductory mathematics and the concepts and functional use of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Word problems, equations, calculations, and practical exercises that require the use of each of the mathematical concepts are also presented. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding and performing basic mathematical calculations that are associated with various DOE nuclearmore » facility operations.« less

DOE Fundamentals Handbook: Mathematics, Volume 2

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1992-06-01

The Mathematics Fundamentals Handbook was developed to assist nuclear facility operating contractors provide operators, maintenance personnel, and the technical staff with the necessary fundamentals training to ensure a basic understanding of mathematics and its application to facility operation. The handbook includes a review of introductory mathematics and the concepts and functional use of algebra, geometry, trigonometry, and calculus. Word problems, equations, calculations, and practical exercises that require the use of each of the mathematical concepts are also presented. This information will provide personnel with a foundation for understanding and performing basic mathematical calculations that are associated with various DOE nuclearmore » facility operations.« less

Basic statistics with Microsoft Excel: a review.

PubMed

Divisi, Duilio; Di Leonardo, Gabriella; Zaccagna, Gino; Crisci, Roberto

2017-06-01

The scientific world is enriched daily with new knowledge, due to new technologies and continuous discoveries. The mathematical functions explain the statistical concepts particularly those of mean, median and mode along with those of frequency and frequency distribution associated to histograms and graphical representations, determining elaborative processes on the basis of the spreadsheet operations. The aim of the study is to highlight the mathematical basis of statistical models that regulate the operation of spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel.

Basic statistics with Microsoft Excel: a review

PubMed Central

Di Leonardo, Gabriella; Zaccagna, Gino; Crisci, Roberto

2017-01-01

The scientific world is enriched daily with new knowledge, due to new technologies and continuous discoveries. The mathematical functions explain the statistical concepts particularly those of mean, median and mode along with those of frequency and frequency distribution associated to histograms and graphical representations, determining elaborative processes on the basis of the spreadsheet operations. The aim of the study is to highlight the mathematical basis of statistical models that regulate the operation of spreadsheets in Microsoft Excel. PMID:28740690

Choice of mathematical models for technological process of glass rod drawing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alekseeva, L. B.

2017-10-01

The technological process of drawing glass rods (light guides) is considered. Automated control of the drawing process is reduced to the process of making decisions to ensure a given quality. The drawing process is considered as a control object, including the drawing device (control device) and the optical fiber forming zone (control object). To study the processes occurring in the formation zone, mathematical models are proposed, based on the continuum mechanics basics. To assess the influence of disturbances, a transfer function is obtained from the basis of the wave equation. Obtaining the regression equation also adequately describes the drawing process.

BASIC MATHEMATICS I FOR THE SECONDARY SCHOOLS.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

MCCARTHY, CHARLES T.; AND OTHERS

THE COURSE IS GEARED TO MEET THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS ENTERING SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL WITH A MATHEMATICS ACHIEVEMENT LEVEL BELOW SIXTH GRADE. SINCE TWO PRINCIPAL CAUSES OF SERIOUS DEFICIENCIES IN ARITHMETIC ARE A LACK OF UNDERSTANDING OF THE DECIMAL SYSTEM OF NOTATION AND A LACK OF KNOWLEDGE OF THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS OF ARITHMETIC, BASIC CONCEPTS MUST BE…

Universal Basic Education and the Provision of Quality Mathematics in Southern Africa

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kazima, Mercy

2014-01-01

In this paper, I discuss Universal Basic Education (UBE) in relation to the teaching and learning of mathematics in Southern Africa. I present the status of UBE for all countries in the region and then use 3 selected examples: Botswana, Malawi, and Zambia, to illustrate the provision of mathematics in the general framework of UBE in the countries.…

Making Basic Math Skills Work for You in Marketing. Student Manual and Laboratory Guide.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Klewer, Edwin D.

This student manual and workbook is the second part of a mathematics series for use with high school students. The manual is to be used to apply the mathematics skills that students have learned in a first part called "Developing Basic Math Skills for Marketing." The manual presents conceptual instruction in mathematics in a competency based…

Two Dilemmas in Communicating Mathematics in Adult Basic Courses: "How To Support Pre-Knowledge of Adult Learners" and "How To Support Democratic Classroom Decisions."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindenskov, Lena; Hansen, Eigil Peter

This study explores how adults' perspectives, intentions, blockages, resistance, and fascinations are reconstructed during a mathematics course in adult basic education. These aspects are discussed as important building blocks for developing theory in adult educational research. Adult mathematics education was compared in different institutional…

Energy-technological complex with reactor for torrefaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuzmina, J. S.; Director, L. B.; Zaichenko, V. M.

2016-11-01

To eliminate shortcomings of raw plant materials pelletizing process with thermal treatment (low-temperature pyrolysis or torrefaction) can be applied. This paper presents a mathematical model of energy-technological complex (ETC) for combined production of heat, electricity and solid biofuels torrefied pellets. According to the structure the mathematical model consists of mathematical models of main units of ETC and the relationships between them and equations of energy and material balances. The equations describe exhaust gas straining action through a porous medium formed by pellets. Decomposition rate of biomass was calculated by using the gross-reaction diagram, which is responsible for the disintegration of raw material. A mathematical model has been tested according to bench experiments on one reactor module. From nomographs, designed for a particular configuration of ETC it is possible to determine the basic characteristics of torrefied pellets (rate of weight loss, heating value and heat content) specifying only two parameters (temperature and torrefaction time). It is shown that the addition of reactor for torrefaction to gas piston engine can improve the energy efficiency of power plant.

Techniques for modeling the reliability of fault-tolerant systems with the Markov state-space approach

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Butler, Ricky W.; Johnson, Sally C.

1995-01-01

This paper presents a step-by-step tutorial of the methods and the tools that were used for the reliability analysis of fault-tolerant systems. The approach used in this paper is the Markov (or semi-Markov) state-space method. The paper is intended for design engineers with a basic understanding of computer architecture and fault tolerance, but little knowledge of reliability modeling. The representation of architectural features in mathematical models is emphasized. This paper does not present details of the mathematical solution of complex reliability models. Instead, it describes the use of several recently developed computer programs SURE, ASSIST, STEM, and PAWS that automate the generation and the solution of these models.

Mathematical modeling of zika virus disease with nonlinear incidence and optimal control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goswami, Naba Kumar; Srivastav, Akhil Kumar; Ghosh, Mini; Shanmukha, B.

2018-04-01

The Zika virus was first discovered in a rhesus monkey in the Zika Forest of Uganda in 1947, and it was isolated from humans in Nigeria in 1952. Zika virus disease is primarily a mosquito-borne disease, which is transmitted to human primarily through the bite of an infected Aedes species mosquito. However, there is documented evidence of sexual transmission of this disease too. In this paper, a nonlinear mathematical model for Zika virus by considering nonlinear incidence is formulated and analyzed. The equilibria and the basic reproduction number (R0) of the model are found. The stability of the different equilibria of the model is discussed in detail. When the basic reproduction number R0 < 1, the disease-free equilibrium is locally and globally stable i.e. in this case disease dies out. For R0 > 1, we have endemic equilibrium which is locally stable under some restriction on parameters. Further this model is extended to optimal control model and is analyzed by using Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle. It has been observed that optimal control plays a significant role in reducing the number of zika infectives. Finally, numerical simulation is performed to illustrate the analytical findings.

Statistical Mechanics of Disordered Systems - Series: Cambridge Series in Statistical and Probabilistic Mathematics (No. 18)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bovier, Anton

2006-06-01

Our mathematical understanding of the statistical mechanics of disordered systems is going through a period of stunning progress. This self-contained book is a graduate-level introduction for mathematicians and for physicists interested in the mathematical foundations of the field, and can be used as a textbook for a two-semester course on mathematical statistical mechanics. It assumes only basic knowledge of classical physics and, on the mathematics side, a good working knowledge of graduate-level probability theory. The book starts with a concise introduction to statistical mechanics, proceeds to disordered lattice spin systems, and concludes with a presentation of the latest developments in the mathematical understanding of mean-field spin glass models. In particular, recent progress towards a rigorous understanding of the replica symmetry-breaking solutions of the Sherrington-Kirkpatrick spin glass models, due to Guerra, Aizenman-Sims-Starr and Talagrand, is reviewed in some detail. Comprehensive introduction to an active and fascinating area of research Clear exposition that builds to the state of the art in the mathematics of spin glasses Written by a well-known and active researcher in the field

[Basic reproduction rate and its application in schistosomiasis].

PubMed

Yang, Guo-Jing

2013-02-01

A key parameter in the transmission dynamics of schistosomiasis, namely basic reproduction rate (R0) is introduced in this paper, as well as its epidemiological significance, formulas in mathematical models of schistosomiasis transmission dynamics, and its application in the evaluation of schistosomiasis control measures. It suggests that the studies on transmission thresholds such as R0 are of important theoretical guiding significance to the establishment of a schistosomiasis elimination standard in China.

The Mathematics of High School Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kanderakis, Nikos

2016-10-01

In the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries, mathematicians and physical philosophers managed to study, via mathematics, various physical systems of the sublunar world through idealized and simplified models of these systems, constructed with the help of geometry. By analyzing these models, they were able to formulate new concepts, laws and theories of physics and then through models again, to apply these concepts and theories to new physical phenomena and check the results by means of experiment. Students' difficulties with the mathematics of high school physics are well known. Science education research attributes them to inadequately deep understanding of mathematics and mainly to inadequate understanding of the meaning of symbolic mathematical expressions. There seem to be, however, more causes of these difficulties. One of them, not independent from the previous ones, is the complex meaning of the algebraic concepts used in school physics (e.g. variables, parameters, functions), as well as the complexities added by physics itself (e.g. that equations' symbols represent magnitudes with empirical meaning and units instead of pure numbers). Another source of difficulties is that the theories and laws of physics are often applied, via mathematics, to simplified, and idealized physical models of the world and not to the world itself. This concerns not only the applications of basic theories but also all authentic end-of-the-chapter problems. Hence, students have to understand and participate in a complex interplay between physics concepts and theories, physical and mathematical models, and the real world, often without being aware that they are working with models and not directly with the real world.

Motivational, Parental, and Cultural Influences on Achievement and Persistence in Basic Skills Mathematics at the Community College

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nordstrom, Donna E.

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to address the gap in the current literature on community college students in basic math courses by examining motivational, parental and cultural factors as predictors of achievement and persistence of students enrolled in basic skills mathematics courses at a community college. More specifically, this study…

Matematicas en la vida actual. Volumen II, edicion para el maestro. (Mathematics: A Practical View. Volume II, Teacher Edition). Applied Basic Curriculum Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Dallas.

This Spanish language teacher's edition of a practical mathematics text for the intermediate grades contains three components which can be structured in different combinations according to different student needs. Built around a review of selected objectives in the mathematics basic curriculum, the material is intended to stimulate interest in…

Matematicas en la vida actual. Volumen I, edicion para el maestro. (Mathematics: A Practical View. Volume I, Teacher Edition). Applied Basic Curriculum Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Dallas.

This Spanish language teacher's edition of a practical mathematics text for the intermediate grades contains three components which can be structured in different combinations according to different student needs. Built around a review of selected objectives in the mathematics basic curriculum, the material is intended to stimulate interest in…

Matematicas en la vida actual. Volumen III, edicion para el maestro. (Mathematics: A Practical View. Volume III, Teacher Edition). Applied Basic Curriculum Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Evaluation, Dissemination and Assessment Center, Dallas.

This Spanish language teacher's edition of a practical mathematics text for the intermediate grades contains three components which can be structured in different combinations according to different student needs. Built around a review of selected objectives in the mathematics basic curriculum, the material is intended to stimulate interest in…

Iontophoretic transdermal drug delivery: a multi-layered approach.

PubMed

Pontrelli, Giuseppe; Lauricella, Marco; Ferreira, José A; Pena, Gonçalo

2017-12-11

We present a multi-layer mathematical model to describe the transdermal drug release from an iontophoretic system. The Nernst-Planck equation describes the basic convection-diffusion process, with the electric potential obtained by solving the Laplace's equation. These equations are complemented with suitable interface and boundary conditions in a multi-domain. The stability of the mathematical problem is discussed in different scenarios and a finite-difference method is used to solve the coupled system. Numerical experiments are included to illustrate the drug dynamics under different conditions. © The authors 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications. All rights reserved.

Automotive Mechanics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Desmond

This curriculum guide provides materials for a competency-based course in automotive mechanics at the secondary level. The curriculum design uses the curriculum infused model for the teaching of basic skills as part of vocational education and demonstrates the relationship of vocationally related skills to communication, mathematics, and science…

The Changing Climate.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schneider, Stephen H.

1989-01-01

Discusses the global change of climate. Presents the trend of climate change with graphs. Describes mathematical climate models including expressions for the interacting components of the ocean-atmosphere system and equations representing the basic physical laws governing their behavior. Provides three possible responses on the change. (YP)

Marine Trades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Abbott, Alan

This curriculum guide provides materials for a competency-based course in marine trades at the secondary level. The curriculum design uses the curriculum infused model for the teaching of basic skills as part of vocational education and demonstrates the relationship of vocationally related skills to communication, mathematics, and science…

Cosmetology/Hairstyling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Romano, Marie

This curriculum guide provides materials for a competency-based course in cosmetology/hairstyling at the secondary level. The curriculum design uses the curriculum infused model for the teaching of basic skills as part of vocational education and demonstrates the relationship of vocationally related skills to communication, mathematics, and…

Building Trades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gudzak, Raymond

This curriculum guide provides materials for a competency-based course in building trades at the secondary level. The curriculum design uses the curriculum infused model for the teaching of basic skills as part of vocational education and demonstrates the relationship of vocationally related skills to communication, mathematics, and science…

Digital computer simulation of inductor-energy-storage dc-to-dc converters with closed-loop regulators

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ohri, A. K.; Owen, H. A.; Wilson, T. G.; Rodriguez, G. E.

1974-01-01

The simulation of converter-controller combinations by means of a flexible digital computer program which produces output to a graphic display is discussed. The procedure is an alternative to mathematical analysis of converter systems. The types of computer programming involved in the simulation are described. Schematic diagrams, state equations, and output equations are displayed for four basic forms of inductor-energy-storage dc to dc converters. Mathematical models are developed to show the relationship of the parameters.

On the phase space structure of IP3 induced Ca2+ signalling and concepts for predictive modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falcke, Martin; Moein, Mahsa; TilÅ«naitÄ--, Agne; Thul, Rüdiger; Skupin, Alexander

2018-04-01

The correspondence between mathematical structures and experimental systems is the basis of the generalizability of results found with specific systems and is the basis of the predictive power of theoretical physics. While physicists have confidence in this correspondence, it is less recognized in cellular biophysics. On the one hand, the complex organization of cellular dynamics involving a plethora of interacting molecules and the basic observation of cell variability seem to question its possibility. The practical difficulties of deriving the equations describing cellular behaviour from first principles support these doubts. On the other hand, ignoring such a correspondence would severely limit the possibility of predictive quantitative theory in biophysics. Additionally, the existence of functional modules (like pathways) across cell types suggests also the existence of mathematical structures with comparable universality. Only a few cellular systems have been sufficiently investigated in a variety of cell types to follow up these basic questions. IP3 induced Ca2+signalling is one of them, and the mathematical structure corresponding to it is subject of ongoing discussion. We review the system's general properties observed in a variety of cell types. They are captured by a reaction diffusion system. We discuss the phase space structure of its local dynamics. The spiking regime corresponds to noisy excitability. Models focussing on different aspects can be derived starting from this phase space structure. We discuss how the initial assumptions on the set of stochastic variables and phase space structure shape the predictions of parameter dependencies of the mathematical models resulting from the derivation.

Multiple-solution problems in a statistics classroom: an example

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chu, Chi Wing; Chan, Kevin L. T.; Chan, Wai-Sum; Kwong, Koon-Shing

2017-11-01

The mathematics education literature shows that encouraging students to develop multiple solutions for given problems has a positive effect on students' understanding and creativity. In this paper, we present an example of multiple-solution problems in statistics involving a set of non-traditional dice. In particular, we consider the exact probability mass distribution for the sum of face values. Four different ways of solving the problem are discussed. The solutions span various basic concepts in different mathematical disciplines (sample space in probability theory, the probability generating function in statistics, integer partition in basic combinatorics and individual risk model in actuarial science) and thus promotes upper undergraduate students' awareness of knowledge connections between their courses. All solutions of the example are implemented using the R statistical software package.

Predicting Flu Season Requirements: An Undergraduate Modeling Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramlich, Gary R., II; Braunstein Fierson, Janet L.; Wright, J. Adam

2010-01-01

This project was designed to be used in a freshman calculus class whose students had already been introduced to logistic functions and basic data modeling techniques. It need not be limited to such an audience, however; it has also been implemented in a topics in mathematics class for college upperclassmen. Originally intended to be presented in…

Multiple Alternatives Modeling in Determining Fiscal Roll-Backs during Educational Funding Crises. Interim Draft. Paper and Report Series No. 70.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wholeben, Brent E.; Sullivan, John M.

This report provides an extensive discussion of the use of criterion referenced, mathematical modeling procedures to determine which budget reductions minimize reduction in the quality of educational programs. Part I, "Evaluation of Potential Budgeting Roll-backs under Educational Fiscal Crisis," explains the basic design of multiple…

PROGRAPH Diagrams--A New Old System for Teaching Functional Modelling

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siller, Hans-Stefan

2009-01-01

This paper shows the basic concept of Functional Modelling in mathematics education which has become more and more important in recent years. Hence it is necessary to think about suitable graphical methods to explain the fundamental idea of a function and its influence on values and other functions. PROGRAPH diagrams are a potentially good way to…

A simplified rotor system mathematical model for piloted flight dynamics simulation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, R. T. N.

1979-01-01

The model was developed for real-time pilot-in-the-loop investigation of helicopter flying qualities. The mathematical model included the tip-path plane dynamics and several primary rotor design parameters, such as flapping hinge restraint, flapping hinge offset, blade Lock number, and pitch-flap coupling. The model was used in several exploratory studies of the flying qualities of helicopters with a variety of rotor systems. The basic assumptions used and the major steps involved in the development of the set of equations listed are described. The equations consisted of the tip-path plane dynamic equation, the equations for the main rotor forces and moments, and the equation for control phasing required to achieve decoupling in pitch and roll due to cyclic inputs.

Mathematic modeling of the Earth's surface and the process of remote sensing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balter, B. M.

1979-01-01

It is shown that real data from remote sensing of the Earth from outer space are not best suited to the search for optimal procedures with which to process such data. To work out the procedures, it was proposed that data synthesized with the help of mathematical modeling be used. A criterion for simularity to reality was formulated. The basic principles for constructing methods for modeling the data from remote sensing are recommended. A concrete method is formulated for modeling a complete cycle of radiation transformations in remote sensing. A computer program is described which realizes the proposed method. Some results from calculations are presented which show that the method satisfies the requirements imposed on it.

Currency arbitrage detection using a binary integer programming model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soon, Wanmei; Ye, Heng-Qing

2011-04-01

In this article, we examine the use of a new binary integer programming (BIP) model to detect arbitrage opportunities in currency exchanges. This model showcases an excellent application of mathematics to the real world. The concepts involved are easily accessible to undergraduate students with basic knowledge in Operations Research. Through this work, students can learn to link several types of basic optimization models, namely linear programming, integer programming and network models, and apply the well-known sensitivity analysis procedure to accommodate realistic changes in the exchange rates. Beginning with a BIP model, we discuss how it can be reduced to an equivalent but considerably simpler model, where an efficient algorithm can be applied to find the arbitrages and incorporate the sensitivity analysis procedure. A simple comparison is then made with a different arbitrage detection model. This exercise helps students learn to apply basic Operations Research concepts to a practical real-life example, and provides insights into the processes involved in Operations Research model formulations.

Dynamical Analysis of an SEIT Epidemic Model with Application to Ebola Virus Transmission in Guinea.

PubMed

Li, Zhiming; Teng, Zhidong; Feng, Xiaomei; Li, Yingke; Zhang, Huiguo

2015-01-01

In order to investigate the transmission mechanism of the infectious individual with Ebola virus, we establish an SEIT (susceptible, exposed in the latent period, infectious, and treated/recovery) epidemic model. The basic reproduction number is defined. The mathematical analysis on the existence and stability of the disease-free equilibrium and endemic equilibrium is given. As the applications of the model, we use the recognized infectious and death cases in Guinea to estimate parameters of the model by the least square method. With suitable parameter values, we obtain the estimated value of the basic reproduction number and analyze the sensitivity and uncertainty property by partial rank correlation coefficients.

On a Quantum Model of Brain Activities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fichtner, K.-H.; Fichtner, L.; Freudenberg, W.; Ohya, M.

2010-01-01

One of the main activities of the brain is the recognition of signals. A first attempt to explain the process of recognition in terms of quantum statistics was given in [6]. Subsequently, details of the mathematical model were presented in a (still incomplete) series of papers (cf. [7, 2, 5, 10]). In the present note we want to give a general view of the principal ideas of this approach. We will introduce the basic spaces and justify the choice of spaces and operations. Further, we bring the model face to face with basic postulates any statistical model of the recognition process should fulfill. These postulates are in accordance with the opinion widely accepted in psychology and neurology.

Dynamics of an HIV-1 infection model with cell mediated immunity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Pei; Huang, Jianing; Jiang, Jiao

2014-10-01

In this paper, we study the dynamics of an improved mathematical model on HIV-1 virus with cell mediated immunity. This new 5-dimensional model is based on the combination of a basic 3-dimensional HIV-1 model and a 4-dimensional immunity response model, which more realistically describes dynamics between the uninfected cells, infected cells, virus, the CTL response cells and CTL effector cells. Our 5-dimensional model may be reduced to the 4-dimensional model by applying a quasi-steady state assumption on the variable of virus. However, it is shown in this paper that virus is necessary to be involved in the modeling, and that a quasi-steady state assumption should be applied carefully, which may miss some important dynamical behavior of the system. Detailed bifurcation analysis is given to show that the system has three equilibrium solutions, namely the infection-free equilibrium, the infectious equilibrium without CTL, and the infectious equilibrium with CTL, and a series of bifurcations including two transcritical bifurcations and one or two possible Hopf bifurcations occur from these three equilibria as the basic reproduction number is varied. The mathematical methods applied in this paper include characteristic equations, Routh-Hurwitz condition, fluctuation lemma, Lyapunov function and computation of normal forms. Numerical simulation is also presented to demonstrate the applicability of the theoretical predictions.

Mathematical models of ABE fermentation: review and analysis.

PubMed

Mayank, Rahul; Ranjan, Amrita; Moholkar, Vijayanand S

2013-12-01

Among different liquid biofuels that have emerged in the recent past, biobutanol produced via fermentation processes is of special interest due to very similar properties to that of gasoline. For an effective design, scale-up, and optimization of the acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation process, it is necessary to have insight into the micro- and macro-mechanisms of the process. The mathematical models for ABE fermentation are efficient tools for this purpose, which have evolved from simple stoichiometric fermentation equations in the 1980s to the recent sophisticated and elaborate kinetic models based on metabolic pathways. In this article, we have reviewed the literature published in the area of mathematical modeling of the ABE fermentation. We have tried to present an analysis of these models in terms of their potency in describing the overall physiology of the process, design features, mode of operation along with comparison and validation with experimental results. In addition, we have also highlighted important facets of these models such as metabolic pathways, basic kinetics of different metabolites, biomass growth, inhibition modeling and other additional features such as cell retention and immobilized cultures. Our review also covers the mathematical modeling of the downstream processing of ABE fermentation, i.e. recovery and purification of solvents through flash distillation, liquid-liquid extraction, and pervaporation. We believe that this review will be a useful source of information and analysis on mathematical models for ABE fermentation for both the appropriate scientific and engineering communities.

The NIE Conference on Basic Mathematical Skills and Learning (Euclid, Ohio, October 4-6, 1975). Volume I: Contributed Position Papers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC.

In October 1975 a conference was convened in Euclid, Ohio, by the Basic Skills Group of the National Institute of Education (NIE). Thirty-three participants presented position papers addressing two major questions: (1) What are basic mathematical skills and learning? (2) What are the major problems related to children's acquisition of basic…

Recreational Vehicle Trades.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Felice, Michael

This curriculum guide provides materials for a competency-based course in recreational vehicle trades at the secondary level. The curriculum design uses the curriculum infused model for the teaching of basic skills as part of vocational education and demonstrates the relationship of vocationally related skills to communication, mathematics, and…

Curriculum Guide Construction Cluster.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kline, Ken

As part of a model construction cluster curriculum development project, this guide was developed and implemented in the Beaverton (Oregon) School District. The curriculum guide contains 16 units covering the following topics: introduction to construction jobs; safety and first aid; blueprint readings; basic mathematics; site work; framing; roofing…

Mathematical models utilized in the retrieval of displacement information encoded in fringe patterns

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sciammarella, Cesar A.; Lamberti, Luciano

2016-02-01

All the techniques that measure displacements, whether in the range of visible optics or any other form of field methods, require the presence of a carrier signal. A carrier signal is a wave form modulated (modified) by an input, deformation of the medium. A carrier is tagged to the medium under analysis and deforms with the medium. The wave form must be known both in the unmodulated and the modulated conditions. There are two basic mathematical models that can be utilized to decode the information contained in the carrier, phase modulation or frequency modulation, both are closely connected. Basic problems connected to the detection and recovery of displacement information that are common to all optical techniques will be analyzed in this paper, focusing on the general theory common to all the methods independently of the type of signal utilized. The aspects discussed are those that have practical impact in the process of data gathering and data processing.

Mathematical Language Skills of Mathematics Prospective Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gürefe, Nejla

2018-01-01

Effective mathematics teaching can be actualized only with correct use of the mathematical content language which comprises mathematical rules, concepts, symbols and terms. In this research, it was aimed to examine the mathematics prospective teachers' content language skills in some basic geometric concepts which are ray, angle, polygon,…

A mathematical model of Chagas disease transmission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hidayat, Dayat; Nugraha, Edwin Setiawan; Nuraini, Nuning

2018-03-01

Chagas disease is a parasitic infection caused by protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi which is transmitted to human by insects of the subfamily Triatominae, including Rhodnius prolixus. This disease is a major problem in several countries of Latin America. A mathematical model of Chagas disease with separate vector reservoir and a neighboring human resident is constructed. The basic reproductive ratio is obtained and stability analysis of the equilibria is shown. We also performed sensitivity populations dynamics of infected humans and infected insects based on migration rate, carrying capacity, and infection rate parameters. Our findings showed that the dynamics of the infected human and insect is mostly affected by carrying capacity insect in the settlement.

Study of the stability of a SEIRS model for computer worm propagation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández Guillén, J. D.; Martín del Rey, A.; Hernández Encinas, L.

2017-08-01

Nowadays, malware is the most important threat to information security. In this sense, several mathematical models to simulate malware spreading have appeared. They are compartmental models where the population of devices is classified into different compartments: susceptible, exposed, infectious, recovered, etc. The main goal of this work is to propose an improved SEIRS (Susceptible-Exposed-Infectious-Recovered-Susceptible) mathematical model to simulate computer worm propagation. It is a continuous model whose dynamic is ruled by means of a system of ordinary differential equations. It considers more realistic parameters related to the propagation; in fact, a modified incidence rate has been used. Moreover, the equilibrium points are computed and their local and global stability analyses are studied. From the explicit expression of the basic reproductive number, efficient control measures are also obtained.

10 CFR Appendix B to Part 73 - General Criteria for Security Personnel

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... or pass an equivalent performance examination designed to measure basic job-related mathematical... equivalent performance examination designed to measure basic mathematical, language, and reasoning skills... administered by a licensed physician. The examination shall be designed to measure the individual's physical...

Information modeling system for blast furnace control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spirin, N. A.; Gileva, L. Y.; Lavrov, V. V.

2016-09-01

Modern Iron & Steel Works as a rule are equipped with powerful distributed control systems (DCS) and databases. Implementation of DSC system solves the problem of storage, control, protection, entry, editing and retrieving of information as well as generation of required reporting data. The most advanced and promising approach is to use decision support information technologies based on a complex of mathematical models. The model decision support system for control of blast furnace smelting is designed and operated. The basis of the model system is a complex of mathematical models created using the principle of natural mathematical modeling. This principle provides for construction of mathematical models of two levels. The first level model is a basic state model which makes it possible to assess the vector of system parameters using field data and blast furnace operation results. It is also used to calculate the adjustment (adaptation) coefficients of the predictive block of the system. The second-level model is a predictive model designed to assess the design parameters of the blast furnace process when there are changes in melting conditions relative to its current state. Tasks for which software is developed are described. Characteristics of the main subsystems of the blast furnace process as an object of modeling and control - thermal state of the furnace, blast, gas dynamic and slag conditions of blast furnace smelting - are presented.

Understanding immunology via engineering design: the role of mathematical prototyping.

PubMed

Klinke, David J; Wang, Qing

2012-01-01

A major challenge in immunology is how to translate data into knowledge given the inherent complexity and dynamics of human physiology. Both the physiology and engineering communities have rich histories in applying computational approaches to translate data obtained from complex systems into knowledge of system behavior. However, there are some differences in how disciplines approach problems. By referring to mathematical models as mathematical prototypes, we aim to highlight aspects related to the process (i.e., prototyping) rather than the product (i.e., the model). The objective of this paper is to review how two related engineering concepts, specifically prototyping and "fitness for use," can be applied to overcome the pressing challenge in translating data into improved knowledge of basic immunology that can be used to improve therapies for disease. These concepts are illustrated using two immunology-related examples. The prototypes presented focus on the beta cell mass at the onset of type 1 diabetes and the dynamics of dendritic cells in the lung. This paper is intended to illustrate some of the nuances associated with applying mathematical modeling to improve understanding of the dynamics of disease progression in humans.

Mathematical modeling of infectious disease dynamics

PubMed Central

Siettos, Constantinos I.; Russo, Lucia

2013-01-01

Over the last years, an intensive worldwide effort is speeding up the developments in the establishment of a global surveillance network for combating pandemics of emergent and re-emergent infectious diseases. Scientists from different fields extending from medicine and molecular biology to computer science and applied mathematics have teamed up for rapid assessment of potentially urgent situations. Toward this aim mathematical modeling plays an important role in efforts that focus on predicting, assessing, and controlling potential outbreaks. To better understand and model the contagious dynamics the impact of numerous variables ranging from the micro host–pathogen level to host-to-host interactions, as well as prevailing ecological, social, economic, and demographic factors across the globe have to be analyzed and thoroughly studied. Here, we present and discuss the main approaches that are used for the surveillance and modeling of infectious disease dynamics. We present the basic concepts underpinning their implementation and practice and for each category we give an annotated list of representative works. PMID:23552814

Designing Geometry 2.0 learning environments: a preliminary study with primary school students

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joglar Prieto, Nuria; María Sordo Juanena, José; Star, Jon R.

2014-04-01

The information and communication technologies of Web 2.0 are arriving in our schools, allowing the design and implementation of new learning environments with great educational potential. This article proposes a pedagogical model based on a new geometry technology-integrated learning environment, called Geometry 2.0, which was tested with 39 sixth grade students from a public school in Madrid (Spain). The main goals of the study presented here were to describe an optimal role for the mathematics teacher within Geometry 2.0, and to analyse how dynamic mathematics and communication might affect young students' learning of basic figural concepts in a real setting. The analyses offered in this article illustrate how our Geometry 2.0 model facilitates deeply mathematical tasks which encourage students' exploration, cooperation and communication, improving their learning while fostering geometrical meanings.

Contextual approach using VBA learning media to improve students’ mathematical displacement and disposition ability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chotimah, Siti; Bernard, M.; Wulandari, S. M.

2018-01-01

The main problems of the research were the lack of reasoning ability and mathematical disposition of students to the learning of mathematics in high school students in Cimahi - West Java. The lack of mathematical reasoning ability in students was caused by the process of learning. The teachers did not train the students to do the problems of reasoning ability. The students still depended on each other. Sometimes, one of patience teacher was still guiding his students. In addition, the basic ability aspects of students also affected the ability the mathematics skill. Furthermore, the learning process with contextual approach aided by VBA Learning Media (Visual Basic Application for Excel) gave the positive influence to the students’ mathematical disposition. The students are directly involved in learning process. The population of the study was all of the high school students in Cimahi. The samples were the students of SMA Negeri 4 Cimahi class XIA and XIB. There were both of tested and non-tested instruments. The test instrument was a description test of mathematical reasoning ability. The non-test instruments were questionnaire-scale attitudes about students’ mathematical dispositions. This instrument was used to obtain data about students’ mathematical reasoning and disposition of mathematics learning with contextual approach supported by VBA (Visual Basic Application for Excel) and by conventional learning. The data processed in this study was from the post-test score. These scores appeared from both of the experimental class group and the control class group. Then, performing data was processed by using SPSS 22 and Microsoft Excel. The data was analyzed using t-test statistic. The final result of this study concluded the achievement and improvement of reasoning ability and mathematical disposition of students whose learning with contextual approach supported by learning media of VBA (Visual Basic Application for Excel) was better than students who got conventional learning.

Which Preschool Mathematics Competencies Are Most Predictive of Fifth Grade Achievement?

PubMed

Nguyen, Tutrang; Watts, Tyler W; Duncan, Greg J; Clements, Douglas H; Sarama, Julie S; Wolfe, Christopher; Spitler, Mary Elaine

In an effort to promote best practices regarding mathematics teaching and learning at the preschool level, national advisory panels and organizations have emphasized the importance of children's emergent counting and related competencies, such as the ability to verbally count, maintain one-to-one correspondence, count with cardinality, subitize, and count forward or backward from a given number. However, little research has investigated whether the kind of mathematical knowledge promoted by the various standards documents actually predict later mathematics achievement. The present study uses longitudinal data from a primarily low-income and minority sample of children to examine the extent to which preschool mathematical competencies, specifically basic and advanced counting, predict fifth grade mathematics achievement. Using regression analyses, we find early numeracy abilities to be the strongest predictors of later mathematics achievement, with advanced counting competencies more predictive than basic counting competencies. Our results highlight the significance of preschool mathematics knowledge for future academic achievement.

Developing Basic Mathematics Skills through the Use of African-American Children's Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stewart, Loraine Moses

1997-01-01

Discusses several books, such as "Feast for 10" and "One Smiling Grandma," which are effective in reinforcing basic mathematical skills. States that counting books ("Feast for 10," for example) are useful for elementary curriculum enhancement as well as fun to read. (PA)

Final Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stinis, Panos

2016-08-07

This is the final report for the work conducted at the University of Minnesota (during the period 12/01/12-09/18/14) by PI Panos Stinis as part of the "Collaboratory on Mathematics for Mesoscopic Modeling of Materials" (CM4). CM4 is a multi-institution DOE-funded project whose aim is to conduct basic and applied research in the emerging field of mesoscopic modeling of materials.

A Multiple Intelligence Pedagogical Approach in Fifth Grade Mathematics: A Mixed Method Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Davis, Claudine Davillier

2012-01-01

The need for mathematics intervention has increased tremendously over the years, particularly after the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001.Students who lack basic mathematics skills and students who experience mathematics difficulties greatly benefit from mathematics interventions. This study examined mathematics intervention through the use of the…

Constructing Mathematical Knowledge: Epistemology and Mathematics Education. Studies in Mathematics Education Series: 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ernest, Paul, Ed.

This book illustrates the breadth of theoretical and philosophical perspectives that can be brought to bear on mathematics and education. Part 1, "Constructivism and the Learning of Mathematics," contains the following chapters: (1) "A Radical Constructivist View of Basic Mathematical Concepts" (E. von Glasersfeld); (2) "Interaction and Children's…

Numerical Modeling in Geodynamics: Success, Failure and Perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ismail-Zadeh, A.

2005-12-01

A real success in numerical modeling of dynamics of the Earth can be achieved only by multidisciplinary research teams of experts in geodynamics, applied and pure mathematics, and computer science. The success in numerical modeling is based on the following basic, but simple, rules. (i) People need simplicity most, but they understand intricacies best (B. Pasternak, writer). Start from a simple numerical model, which describes basic physical laws by a set of mathematical equations, and move then to a complex model. Never start from a complex model, because you cannot understand the contribution of each term of the equations to the modeled geophysical phenomenon. (ii) Study the numerical methods behind your computer code. Otherwise it becomes difficult to distinguish true and erroneous solutions to the geodynamic problem, especially when your problem is complex enough. (iii) Test your model versus analytical and asymptotic solutions, simple 2D and 3D model examples. Develop benchmark analysis of different numerical codes and compare numerical results with laboratory experiments. Remember that the numerical tool you employ is not perfect, and there are small bugs in every computer code. Therefore the testing is the most important part of your numerical modeling. (iv) Prove (if possible) or learn relevant statements concerning the existence, uniqueness and stability of the solution to the mathematical and discrete problems. Otherwise you can solve an improperly-posed problem, and the results of the modeling will be far from the true solution of your model problem. (v) Try to analyze numerical models of a geological phenomenon using as less as possible tuning model variables. Already two tuning variables give enough possibilities to constrain your model well enough with respect to observations. The data fitting sometimes is quite attractive and can take you far from a principal aim of your numerical modeling: to understand geophysical phenomena. (vi) If the number of tuning model variables are greater than two, test carefully the effect of each of the variables on the modeled phenomenon. Remember: With four exponents I can fit an elephant (E. Fermi, physicist). (vii) Make your numerical model as accurate as possible, but never put the aim to reach a great accuracy: Undue precision of computations is the first symptom of mathematical illiteracy (N. Krylov, mathematician). How complex should be a numerical model? A model which images any detail of the reality is as useful as a map of scale 1:1 (J. Robinson, economist). This message is quite important for geoscientists, who study numerical models of complex geodynamical processes. I believe that geoscientists will never create a model of the real Earth dynamics, but we should try to model the dynamics such a way to simulate basic geophysical processes and phenomena. Does a particular model have a predictive power? Each numerical model has a predictive power, otherwise the model is useless. The predictability of the model varies with its complexity. Remember that a solution to the numerical model is an approximate solution to the equations, which have been chosen in believe that they describe dynamic processes of the Earth. Hence a numerical model predicts dynamics of the Earth as well as the mathematical equations describe this dynamics. What methodological advances are still needed for testable geodynamic modeling? Inverse (time-reverse) numerical modeling and data assimilation are new methodologies in geodynamics. The inverse modeling can allow to test geodynamic models forward in time using restored (from present-day observations) initial conditions instead of unknown conditions.

Dose- and time-dependence of the host-mediated response to paclitaxel therapy: a mathematical modeling approach.

PubMed

Benguigui, Madeleine; Alishekevitz, Dror; Timaner, Michael; Shechter, Dvir; Raviv, Ziv; Benzekry, Sebastien; Shaked, Yuval

2018-01-05

It has recently been suggested that pro-tumorigenic host-mediated processes induced in response to chemotherapy counteract the anti-tumor activity of therapy, and thereby decrease net therapeutic outcome. Here we use experimental data to formulate a mathematical model describing the host response to different doses of paclitaxel (PTX) chemotherapy as well as the duration of the response. Three previously described host-mediated effects are used as readouts for the host response to therapy. These include the levels of circulating endothelial progenitor cells in peripheral blood and the effect of plasma derived from PTX-treated mice on migratory and invasive properties of tumor cells in vitro . A first set of mathematical models, based on basic principles of pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics, did not appropriately describe the dose-dependence and duration of the host response regarding the effects on invasion. We therefore provide an alternative mathematical model with a dose-dependent threshold, instead of a concentration-dependent one, that describes better the data. This model is integrated into a global model defining all three host-mediated effects. It not only precisely describes the data, but also correctly predicts host-mediated effects at different doses as well as the duration of the host response. This mathematical model may serve as a tool to predict the host response to chemotherapy in cancer patients, and therefore may be used to design chemotherapy regimens with improved therapeutic outcome by minimizing host mediated effects.

Trends in basic mathematical competencies of beginning undergraduates in Ireland, 2003-2013

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Treacy, Páraic; Faulkner, Fiona

2015-11-01

Deficiencies in beginning undergraduate students' basic mathematical skills has been an issue of concern in higher education, particularly in the past 15 years. This issue has been tracked and analysed in a number of universities in Ireland and internationally through student scores recorded in mathematics diagnostic tests. Students beginning their science-based and technology-based undergraduate courses in the University of Limerick have had their basic mathematics skills tested without any prior warning through a 40 question diagnostic test during their initial service mathematics lecture since 1998. Data gathered through this diagnostic test have been recorded in a database kept at the university and explored to track trends in mathematical competency of these beginning undergraduates. This paper details findings surrounding an analysis of the database between 2003 and 2013, outlining changes in mathematical competencies of these beginning undergraduates in an attempt to determine reasons for such changes. The analysis found that the proportion of students tested through this diagnostic test that are predicted to be at risk of failing their service mathematics end-of-semester examinations has increased significantly between 2003 and 2013. Furthermore, when students' performance in secondary level mathematics was controlled, it was determined that the performance of beginning undergraduates in 2013 was statistically significantly below that of the performance of the beginning undergraduates recorded 10 years previously.

Using the Rasch Model to Measure the Extent to which Students Work Conceptually with Mathematics.

PubMed

Kaspersen, Eivind

2015-01-01

Differences between working conceptually and procedurally with mathematics are well documented. In short, working procedurally can be characterized as learning and applying rules without reason. Working conceptually, in contrast, means creating and applying a web of knowledge. To continue this line of research, an instrument that is able to measure the level of conceptual work, and that is based on the basic requirements of measurement, is desireable. As such, this paper presents a Rasch calibrated instrument that measures the extent to which students work conceptually with mathematics. From a sample of 133 student teachers and 185 Civil Engineering students, 20 items are concluded as being productive for measurement.

An Introduction to Turbulent Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathieu, Jean; Scott, Julian

2000-06-01

In recent years, turbulence has become a very lively area of scientific research and application, attracting many newcomers who need a basic introduction to the subject. Turbulent Flows ably meets this need, developing both physical insight and the mathematical framework needed to express the theory. The authors present basic theory and illustrate it with examples of simple turbulent flows and classical models of jets, wakes, and boundary layers. A deeper understanding of turbulence dynamics is provided by their treatment of spectral analysis and its applications.

Mathematics for Drafting.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clary, Joseph R.; Nery, Karen P.

This set of three modules was designed for use primarily to help teach and reinforce the basic mathematics skills in drafting classes. The modules are based on the needs of drafting students in beginning courses as determined by a survey of teachers across North Carolina. Each module consists of basic information and examples and problem sheets…

Basic Applied Mathematics Part 1.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York City Board of Education, Brooklyn, NY. Div. of Curriculum and Instruction.

This guide, published by the New York City Board of Education, presents 62 lesson plans in basic mathematics for tenth grade students. Lesson plans and performance objectives focus on the following areas: (1) fundamental operations with signed numbers; (2) linear, weight and temperature measurements; (3) fractions, decimals and percents; (4)…

S.M.P. SEQUENTIAL MATHEMATICS PROGRAM.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CICIARELLI, V; LEONARD, JOSEPH

A SEQUENTIAL MATHEMATICS PROGRAM BEGINNING WITH THE BASIC FUNDAMENTALS ON THE FOURTH GRADE LEVEL IS PRESENTED. INCLUDED ARE AN UNDERSTANDING OF OUR NUMBER SYSTEM, AND THE BASIC OPERATIONS OF WORKING WITH WHOLE NUMBERS--ADDITION, SUBTRACTION, MULTIPLICATION, AND DIVISION. COMMON FRACTIONS ARE TAUGHT IN THE FIFTH, SIXTH, AND SEVENTH GRADES. A…

Mathematics Placement at Cottey College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Callahan, Susan

In response to the large numbers of students who were failing or dropping out of basic algebra and calculus classes, Cottey College, in Missouri, developed a math placement program in 1982 using Basic Algebra (BA) and Calculus Readiness (CR) tests from the Mathematical Association of America's Placement Testing Program. Cut off scores for the…

Performance in Basic Mathematics of Indigenous Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sicat, Lolita V.; David, Ma. Elena D.

2016-01-01

This analytical study analyzed the performance in Basic Mathematics of the indigenous students, the Aeta students (Grade 6) of Sta. Juliana Elementary School, Capas, Tarlac, and the APC students of Malaybalay City, Bukidnon. Results were compared with regular students in rural, urban, private, and public schools to analyze indigenous students'…

Understanding the dynamics of sustainable social-ecological systems: human behavior, institutions, and regulatory feedback networks.

PubMed

Anderies, John M

2015-02-01

I present a general mathematical modeling framework that can provide a foundation for the study of sustainability in social- ecological systems (SESs). Using basic principles from feedback control and a sequence of specific models from bioeconomics and economic growth, I outline several mathematical and empirical challenges associated with the study of sustainability of SESs. These challenges are categorized into three classes: (1) the social choice of performance measures, (2) uncertainty, and (3) collective action. Finally, I present some opportunities for combining stylized dynamical systems models with empirical data on human behavior and biophysical systems to address practical challenges for the design of effective governance regimes (policy feedbacks) for highly uncertain natural resource systems.

Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: sources of variation in emergent mathematic achievement

PubMed Central

Bull, Rebecca; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Wiebe, Sandra A.; Sheffield, Tiffany D.; Nelson, Jennifer Mize

2010-01-01

Latent variable modeling methods have demonstrated utility for understanding the structure of executive control (EC) across development. These methods are utilized to better characterize the relation between EC and mathematics achievement in the preschool period, and to understand contributing sources of individual variation. Using the sample and battery of laboratory tasks described in Wiebe, Espy and Charak (2008), latent EC was related strongly to emergent mathematics achievement in preschool, and was robust after controlling for crystallized intellectual skills. The relation between crystallized skills and emergent mathematics differed between girls and boys, although the predictive association between EC and mathematics did not. Two dimensions of the child’s social environment contributed to mathematics achievement: social network support through its relation to EC and environmental stressors through its relation with crystallized skills. These findings underscore the need to examine the dimensions, mechanisms, and individual pathways that influence the development of early competence in basic cognitive processes that underpin early academic achievement. PMID:21676089

Using confirmatory factor analysis to understand executive control in preschool children: sources of variation in emergent mathematic achievement.

PubMed

Bull, Rebecca; Espy, Kimberly Andrews; Wiebe, Sandra A; Sheffield, Tiffany D; Nelson, Jennifer Mize

2011-07-01

Latent variable modeling methods have demonstrated utility for understanding the structure of executive control (EC) across development. These methods are utilized to better characterize the relation between EC and mathematics achievement in the preschool period, and to understand contributing sources of individual variation. Using the sample and battery of laboratory tasks described in Wiebe, Espy and Charak (2008), latent EC was related strongly to emergent mathematics achievement in preschool, and was robust after controlling for crystallized intellectual skills. The relation between crystallized skills and emergent mathematics differed between girls and boys, although the predictive association between EC and mathematics did not. Two dimensions of the child 's social environment contributed to mathematics achievement: social network support through its relation to EC and environmental stressors through its relation with crystallized skills. These findings underscore the need to examine the dimensions, mechanisms, and individual pathways that influence the development of early competence in basic cognitive processes that underpin early academic achievement. © 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Conceptions and Images of Mathematics Professors on Teaching Mathematics in School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pehkonen, Erkki

1999-01-01

Clarifies what kind of mathematical beliefs are conveyed to student teachers during their studies. Interviews mathematics professors (n=7) from five Finnish universities who were responsible for mathematics teacher education. Professors estimated that teachers' basic knowledge was poor and old-fashioned, requiring improvement, and they emphasized…

Building Knowledge Structures by Testing Helps Children with Mathematical Learning Difficulty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zhang, Yiyun; Zhou, Xinlin

2016-01-01

Mathematical learning difficulty (MLD) is prevalent in the development of mathematical abilities. Previous interventions for children with MLD have focused on number sense or basic mathematical skills. This study investigated whether mathematical performance of fifth grade children with MLD could be improved by developing knowledge structures by…

Secondary Schools Curriculum Guide, Mathematics, Grades 10-12. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cranston School Dept., RI.

Behavioral objectives for grades 10 through 12 are specified for plane geometry, algebra, general mathematics, computer mathematics, slide rule mathematics, basic college mathematics, trigonometry, analytic geometry, calculus and probability. Most sections present material in terms of portions of a school year. At least one major objective is…

Power Laws in Stochastic Processes for Social Phenomena: An Introductory Review

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumamoto, Shin-Ichiro; Kamihigashi, Takashi

2018-03-01

Many phenomena with power laws have been observed in various fields of the natural and social sciences, and these power laws are often interpreted as the macro behaviors of systems that consist of micro units. In this paper, we review some basic mathematical mechanisms that are known to generate power laws. In particular, we focus on stochastic processes including the Yule process and the Simon process as well as some recent models. The main purpose of this paper is to explain the mathematical details of their mechanisms in a self-contained manner.

Reasoning for All: An Instructional Model

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuentes, Sarah Quebec; Crawford, Lindy; Huscroft-D'Angelo, Jacqueline

2017-01-01

All students should have opportunities to develop their ability to reason mathematically. Gersten and Chard (1999) support this stance with respect to students with learning disabilities: "Even if students are not automatic with basic facts, they still should be engaged in activities that promote the development of number sense and…

Alternative Analysis of the Michaelis-Menten Equations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Krogstad, Harald E.; Dawed, Mohammed Yiha; Tegegne, Tadele Tesfa

2011-01-01

Courses in mathematical modelling are always in need of simple, illustrative examples. The Michaelis-Menten reaction kinetics equations have been considered to be a basic example of scaling and singular perturbation. However, the leading order approximations do not easily show the expected behaviour, and this note proposes a different perturbation…

Determining Dissolved Oxygen Levels

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boucher, Randy

2010-01-01

This project was used in a mathematical modeling and introduction to differential equations course for first-year college students. The students worked in two-person groups and were given three weeks to complete the project. Students were given this project three weeks into the course, after basic first order linear differential equation and…

A program to assess a thermal discharge on Trinity Bay, Texas

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zaitzeff, J. B.; Whitehead, V. S.

1972-01-01

The application of a two dimensional mathematical model to the analysis of the thermal discharge to verify its ability to predict the temperature distribution of Trinity Bay in the vicinity of the water outfall. Basic data consist of aerial thermal infrared and in situ measurements.

Introductory Programming Subject in European Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aleksic, Veljko; Ivanovic, Mirjana

2016-01-01

Programming is one of the basic subjects in most informatics, computer science mathematics and technical faculties' curricula. Integrated overview of the models for teaching programming, problems in teaching and suggested solutions were presented in this paper. Research covered current state of 1019 programming subjects in 715 study programmes at…

Progress Report, June 1974: Reaching Out...

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Research for Better Schools, Inc., Philadelphia, PA.

This report reviews programs of individualized instruction in the basic skills of mathematics, language arts, science, and social education as well as in new curriculums which foster the skills needed for social education as well and emotional growth. The development and operation of an experience-based model for career education is described, and…

Remote sensing in the mixing zone. [water pollution in Wisconsin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Villemonte, J. R.; Hoopes, J. A.; Wu, D. S.; Lillesand, T. M.

1973-01-01

Characteristics of dispersion and diffusion as the mechanisms by which pollutants are transported in natural river courses were studied with the view of providing additional data for the establishment of water quality guidelines and effluent outfall design protocols. Work has been divided into four basic categories which are directed at the basic goal of developing relationships which will permit the estimation of the nature and extent of the mixing zone as a function of those variables which characterize the outfall structure, the effluent, and the river, as well as climatological conditions. The four basic categories of effort are: (1) the development of mathematical models; (2) laboratory studies of physical models; (3) field surveys involving ground and aerial sensing; and (4) correlation between aerial photographic imagery and mixing zone characteristics.

Mathematical and Numerical Techniques in Energy and Environmental Modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Z.; Ewing, R. E.

Mathematical models have been widely used to predict, understand, and optimize many complex physical processes, from semiconductor or pharmaceutical design to large-scale applications such as global weather models to astrophysics. In particular, simulation of environmental effects of air pollution is extensive. Here we address the need for using similar models to understand the fate and transport of groundwater contaminants and to design in situ remediation strategies. Three basic problem areas need to be addressed in the modeling and simulation of the flow of groundwater contamination. First, one obtains an effective model to describe the complex fluid/fluid and fluid/rock interactions that control the transport of contaminants in groundwater. This includes the problem of obtaining accurate reservoir descriptions at various length scales and modeling the effects of this heterogeneity in the reservoir simulators. Next, one develops accurate discretization techniques that retain the important physical properties of the continuous models. Finally, one develops efficient numerical solution algorithms that utilize the potential of the emerging computing architectures. We will discuss recent advances and describe the contribution of each of the papers in this book in these three areas. Keywords: reservoir simulation, mathematical models, partial differential equations, numerical algorithms

A mathematical method for precisely calculating the radiographic angles of the cup after total hip arthroplasty.

PubMed

Zhao, Jing-Xin; Su, Xiu-Yun; Xiao, Ruo-Xiu; Zhao, Zhe; Zhang, Li-Hai; Zhang, Li-Cheng; Tang, Pei-Fu

2016-11-01

We established a mathematical method to precisely calculate the radiographic anteversion (RA) and radiographic inclination (RI) angles of the acetabular cup based on anterior-posterior (AP) pelvic radiographs after total hip arthroplasty. Using Mathematica software, a mathematical model for an oblique cone was established to simulate how AP pelvic radiographs are obtained and to address the relationship between the two-dimensional and three-dimensional geometry of the opening circle of the cup. In this model, the vertex was the X-ray beam source, and the generatrix was the ellipse in radiographs projected from the opening circle of the acetabular cup. Using this model, we established a series of mathematical formulas to reveal the differences between the true RA and RI cup angles and the measurements results achieved using traditional methods and AP pelvic radiographs and to precisely calculate the RA and RI cup angles based on post-operative AP pelvic radiographs. Statistical analysis indicated that traditional methods should be used with caution if traditional measurements methods are used to calculate the RA and RI cup angles with AP pelvic radiograph. The entire calculation process could be performed by an orthopedic surgeon with mathematical knowledge of basic matrix and vector equations. Copyright © 2016 IPEM. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A discrete control model of PLANT

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mitchell, C. M.

1985-01-01

A model of the PLANT system using the discrete control modeling techniques developed by Miller is described. Discrete control models attempt to represent in a mathematical form how a human operator might decompose a complex system into simpler parts and how the control actions and system configuration are coordinated so that acceptable overall system performance is achieved. Basic questions include knowledge representation, information flow, and decision making in complex systems. The structure of the model is a general hierarchical/heterarchical scheme which structurally accounts for coordination and dynamic focus of attention. Mathematically, the discrete control model is defined in terms of a network of finite state systems. Specifically, the discrete control model accounts for how specific control actions are selected from information about the controlled system, the environment, and the context of the situation. The objective is to provide a plausible and empirically testable accounting and, if possible, explanation of control behavior.

Predictive Relation between Early Numerical Competencies and Mathematics Achievement in First Grade Portuguese Children.

PubMed

Marcelino, Lilia; de Sousa, Óscar; Lopes, António

2017-01-01

Early numerical competencies (ENC) (counting, number relations, and basic arithmetic operations) have a central position in the initial learning of mathematics, and their assessment is useful for predicting later mathematics achievement. Using a regression model, this study aims to analyze the correlational and predictive evidence between ENC and mathematics achievement in first grade Portuguese children ( n = 123). The children's ENC were examined at the point of school entry. Three criterion groups (low, moderate, and high ENC) were formed based on the results of the early numerical brief screener and mathematics achievement measured at the end of first grade. The following hypotheses were tested: children who started first grade with low numerical competencies remained low mathematics achievement at the end of first grade; and children who started with high numerical competencies, finished the first grade with high mathematics achievement. The results showed that ENC contributed to a significant amount of explained variance in mathematics achievement at the end of the first grade. Children with low numerical competencies performed lower than children with moderate and high numerical competencies. Findings suggest that ENC are meaningful for predicting first-grade mathematics difficulties.

Predictive Relation between Early Numerical Competencies and Mathematics Achievement in First Grade Portuguese Children

PubMed Central

Marcelino, Lilia; de Sousa, Óscar; Lopes, António

2017-01-01

Early numerical competencies (ENC) (counting, number relations, and basic arithmetic operations) have a central position in the initial learning of mathematics, and their assessment is useful for predicting later mathematics achievement. Using a regression model, this study aims to analyze the correlational and predictive evidence between ENC and mathematics achievement in first grade Portuguese children (n = 123). The children’s ENC were examined at the point of school entry. Three criterion groups (low, moderate, and high ENC) were formed based on the results of the early numerical brief screener and mathematics achievement measured at the end of first grade. The following hypotheses were tested: children who started first grade with low numerical competencies remained low mathematics achievement at the end of first grade; and children who started with high numerical competencies, finished the first grade with high mathematics achievement. The results showed that ENC contributed to a significant amount of explained variance in mathematics achievement at the end of the first grade. Children with low numerical competencies performed lower than children with moderate and high numerical competencies. Findings suggest that ENC are meaningful for predicting first-grade mathematics difficulties. PMID:28713308

An Investigation of the Relative Effectiveness of the Basic Mathematics Review Program at Essex Community College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bloomberg, Jerome

Basic Mathematics Review (BMR) is a remedial non-credit course at Essex Community College (Maryland) being taught on an individualized basis. Following diagnostic testing and placement, instruction utilizes programmed materials, tutors, and self-tests. Evaluation of the new individualized BMR and comparison with the traditional remedial course…

Students' Conceptions of Function Transformation in a Dynamic Mathematical Environment

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daher, Wajeeh; Anabousy, Ahlam

2015-01-01

The study of function transformations helps students understand the function concept which is a basic and main concept in mathematics, but this study is problematic to school students as well as college students, especially when transformations are performed on non-basic functions. The current research tried to facilitate grade 9 students'…

User's Manual for the Basic Math Mastery Tests.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weiss, David J.; Trombley, Robert J.

This user manual introduces and explains the Basic Math Mastery Tests (BMMT), a collection of 10 tests of specific mathematics skills. The tests were designed to assess mastery of specific skills required for successful performance in vocational education or in occupations requiring mathematics skills. All 10 tests are administered and scored by…

Basic Mathematics Machine Calculator Course.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Windsor Public Schools, CT.

This series of four text-workbooks was designed for tenth grade mathematics students who have exhibited lack of problem-solving skills. Electric desk calculators are to be used with the text. In the first five chapters of the series, students learn how to use the machine while reviewing basic operations with whole numbers, decimals, fractions, and…

Effects of Two Interventions on Solving Basic Fact Problems by Second Graders with Mathematics Learning Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dennis, Minyi Shih; Sorrells, Audrey McCray; Falcomata, Terry S.

2016-01-01

This study used a multiple probe across participants design, replicated across two interventions and counterbalanced across participant groups to examine the effects of number sense intervention and extensive practice intervention on strategy transformation when students with mathematics learning disabilities (MLD) solved basic fact problems. In…

Mathematical Modeling and Optimization of Gaseous Fuel Processing as a Basic Technology for Long-distance Energy Transportation: The Use of Methanol and Dimethyl Ether as Energy Carriers.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tyurina, E. A.; Mednikov, A. S.

2017-11-01

The paper presents the results of studies on the perspective technologies of natural gas conversion to synthetic liquid fuel (SLF) at energy-technology installations for combined production of SLF and electricity based on their detailed mathematical models. The technologies of the long-distance transport of energy of natural gas from large fields to final consumers are compared in terms of their efficiency. This work was carried out at Melentiev Energy Systems Institute of Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences and supported by Russian Science Foundation via grant No 16-19-10174

Assessing the effect of extrinsic incubation period (EIP) prolongation in controlling dengue transmission with wolbachia-infected mosquito intervention

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Putri, Y. E.; Rozi, S.; Tasman, H.; Aldila, D.

2017-03-01

A mathematical model of dengue disease transmission with involving Extrinsic Incubation Period (EIP) effect as a consequence of wolbachia introduction into mossquito population will be discussed in this article. Mathematical model analysis to find equilibrium points, basic reproductive ratio (ℛ0), and criteria of endemic occurrence which depend on some parameters were performed. From analytical result, we find that ℛ0 hold an important role to determine the existence and local stability of equilibrium points. From sensitivity analysis of ℛ0 and numerical simulation, we conclude that prolongation of EIP with wolbachia intervention succeed to reduce number of infected human and mosquito significantly.

A Software Technology Transition Entropy Based Engineering Model

DTIC Science & Technology

2002-03-01

Systems Basics, p273). (Prigogine 1997 p81). It is not the place of this research to provide a mathematical formalism with theorems and lemmas. Rather...science). The ancient philosophers, 27 Pythagoras , Protagoras, Socrates, and Plato start the first discourse (the message) that has continued...unpacking of the technology "message" from Pythagoras . This process is characterized by accumulation learning, modeled by learning curves in

Modeling a Cascade of Effects: The Role of Speed and Executive Functioning in Preterm/Full-Term Differences in Academic Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rose, Susan A.; Feldman, Judith F.; Jankowski, Jeffery J.

2011-01-01

This study identified deficits in executive functioning in pre-adolescent preterms and modeled their role, along with processing speed, in explaining preterm/full-term differences in reading and mathematics. Preterms (less than 1750 g) showed deficits at 11 years on a battery of tasks tapping the three basic executive functions identified by…

Basic research for the geodynamics program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1991-01-01

The mathematical models of space very long base interferometry (VLBI) observables suitable for least squares covariance analysis were derived and estimatability problems inherent in the space VLBI system were explored, including a detailed rank defect analysis and sensitivity analysis. An important aim is to carry out a comparative analysis of the mathematical models of the ground-based VLBI and space VLBI observables in order to describe the background in detail. Computer programs were developed in order to check the relations, assess errors, and analyze sensitivity. In order to investigate the estimatability of different geodetic and geodynamic parameters from the space VLBI observables, the mathematical models for time delay and time delay rate observables of space VLBI were analytically derived along with the partial derivatives with respect to the parameters. Rank defect analysis was carried out both by analytical and numerical testing of linear dependencies between the columns of the normal matrix thus formed. Definite conclusions were formed about the rank defects in the system.

Profile of mathematical reasoning ability of 8th grade students seen from communicational ability, basic skills, connection, and logical thinking

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sumarsih; Budiyono; Indriati, D.

2018-04-01

This research aims to understand the students’ weaknesses in mathematical reasoning ability in junior secondary school. A set of multiple choice tests were used to measure this ability involve components mathematical communication, basic skills, connection, and logical thinking. A total of 259 respondents were determined by stratified cluster random sampling. Data were analyzed using one-way Anova test with Fobs = 109.5760 and F = 3.0000. The results show that students’ ability from schools with high National Exam in mathematics category was the best and followed by medium and low category. Mathematical connection is the most difficult component performed by students. In addition, most students also have difficulty in expressing ideas and developing logical arguments.

Computer Mathematical Tools: Practical Experience of Learning to Use Them

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Semenikhina, Elena; Drushlyak, Marina

2014-01-01

The article contains general information about the use of specialized mathematics software in the preparation of math teachers. The authors indicate the reasons to study the mathematics software. In particular, they analyze the possibility of presenting basic mathematical courses using mathematical computer tools from both a teacher and a student,…

What Software to Use in the Teaching of Mathematical Subjects?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berežný, Štefan

2015-01-01

We can consider two basic views, when using mathematical software in the teaching of mathematical subjects. First: How to learn to use specific software for the specific tasks, e. g., software Statistica for the subjects of Applied statistics, probability and mathematical statistics, or financial mathematics. Second: How to learn to use the…

Pre-Service Secondary Mathematics Teachers Making Sense of Definitions of Functions

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chesler, Joshua

2012-01-01

Definitions play an essential role in mathematics. As such, mathematics teachers and students need to flexibly and productively interact with mathematical definitions in the classroom. However, there has been little research about mathematics teachers' understanding of definitions. At an even more basic level, there is little clarity about what…

Preservice Agricultural Education Teachers' Mathematics Ability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stripling, Christopher T.; Roberts, T. Grady

2012-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the mathematics ability of the nation's preservice agricultural education teachers. Based on the results of this study, preservice teachers were not proficient in solving agricultural mathematics problems, and agricultural teacher education programs require basic and intermediate mathematics as their…

Which Preschool Mathematics Competencies Are Most Predictive of Fifth Grade Achievement?

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Tutrang; Watts, Tyler W.; Duncan, Greg J.; Clements, Douglas H.; Sarama, Julie S.; Wolfe, Christopher; Spitler, Mary Elaine

2016-01-01

In an effort to promote best practices regarding mathematics teaching and learning at the preschool level, national advisory panels and organizations have emphasized the importance of children’s emergent counting and related competencies, such as the ability to verbally count, maintain one-to-one correspondence, count with cardinality, subitize, and count forward or backward from a given number. However, little research has investigated whether the kind of mathematical knowledge promoted by the various standards documents actually predict later mathematics achievement. The present study uses longitudinal data from a primarily low-income and minority sample of children to examine the extent to which preschool mathematical competencies, specifically basic and advanced counting, predict fifth grade mathematics achievement. Using regression analyses, we find early numeracy abilities to be the strongest predictors of later mathematics achievement, with advanced counting competencies more predictive than basic counting competencies. Our results highlight the significance of preschool mathematics knowledge for future academic achievement. PMID:27057084

Model-Based Phenotypic Signatures Governing the Dynamics of the Stem and Semi-differentiated Cell Populations in Dysplastic Colonic Crypts.

PubMed

Nikolov, Svetoslav; Santos, Guido; Wolkenhauer, Olaf; Vera, Julio

2018-02-01

Mathematical modeling of cell differentiated in colonic crypts can contribute to a better understanding of basic mechanisms underlying colonic tissue organization, but also its deregulation during carcinogenesis and tumor progression. Here, we combined bifurcation analysis to assess the effect that time delay has in the complex interplay of stem cells and semi-differentiated cells at the niche of colonic crypts, and systematic model perturbation and simulation to find model-based phenotypes linked to cancer progression. The models suggest that stem cell and semi-differentiated cell population dynamics in colonic crypts can display chaotic behavior. In addition, we found that clinical profiling of colorectal cancer correlates with the in silico phenotypes proposed by the mathematical model. Further, potential therapeutic targets for chemotherapy resistant phenotypes are proposed, which in any case will require experimental validation.

Mathematical modeling of the burden distribution in the blast furnace shaft

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jong-In; Jung, Hun-Je; Jo, Min-Kyu; Oh, Han-Sang; Han, Jeong-Whan

2011-06-01

Process efficiency in the blast furnace is influenced by the gas flow pattern, which is dictated by the burden profile. Therefore, it is important to control the burden distribution so as to achieve reasonable gas flow in the blast furnace operation. Additionally, the charging pattern selection is important as it affects the burden trajectory and stock profile. For analysis of the burden distribution, a new analysis model was developed by use of the spreadsheet program, Microsoft® Office Excel, based on visual basic. This model is composed of the falling burden trajectory and a stock model. The burden trajectory is determined by the burden type, batch weight, rotating velocity of the chute, tilting angle, and friction coefficient. After falling, stock lines are formed by the angle of repose, which is affected by the burden trajectory and the falling velocity. The mathematical formulas for developing this model were modified by a scaled model experiment and DEM simulation.

Mathematics education and learning disabilities in Spain.

PubMed

Casas, Ana Miranda; Castellar, Rosa García

2004-01-01

In the first part of this article, we describe the basic objectives of the math curriculum in Spain as well as the basic contents, teacher resources, and obstacles perceived in mathematics instruction. Second, we briefly describe the concept of learning disabilities (LD) as they are currently defined in Spain. As stated in the recent educational reform, a student with LD is any student with special educational needs. The emphasis is placed on the educational resources that these students need in order to achieve the curricular objectives that correspond to their age group or grade. Third, we comment specifically on the educational services model and the evaluation and instructional procedures for students with math learning disabilities. Finally, we describe some lines of research that have appeared in the last few years in Spain that have led to the development of new evaluation and intervention procedures for students with LD in computation and problem solving.

Analysis of Efficiency of the Ship Propulsion System with Thermochemical Recuperation of Waste Heat

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cherednichenko, Oleksandr; Serbin, Serhiy

2018-03-01

One of the basic ways to reduce polluting emissions of ship power plants is application of innovative devices for on-board energy generation by means of secondary energy resources. The combined gas turbine and diesel engine plant with thermochemical recuperation of the heat of secondary energy resources has been considered. It is suggested to conduct the study with the help of mathematical modeling methods. The model takes into account basic physical correlations, material and thermal balances, phase equilibrium, and heat and mass transfer processes. The paper provides the results of mathematical modeling of the processes in a gas turbine and diesel engine power plant with thermochemical recuperation of the gas turbine exhaust gas heat by converting a hydrocarbon fuel. In such a plant, it is possible to reduce the specific fuel consumption of the diesel engine by 20%. The waste heat potential in a gas turbine can provide efficient hydrocarbon fuel conversion at the ratio of powers of the diesel and gas turbine engines being up to 6. When the diesel engine and gas turbine operate simultaneously with the use of the LNG vapor conversion products, the efficiency coefficient of the plant increases by 4-5%.

A mathematical model for the occurrence of historical events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohnishi, Teruaki

2017-12-01

A mathematical model was proposed for the frequency distribution of historical inter-event time τ. A basic ingredient was constructed by assuming the significance of a newly occurring historical event depending on the magnitude of a preceding event, the decrease of its significance by oblivion during the successive events, and an independent Poisson process for the occurrence of the event. The frequency distribution of τ was derived by integrating the basic ingredient with respect to all social fields and to all stake holders. The function of such a distribution was revealed as the forms of an exponential type, a power law type or an exponential-with-a-tail type depending on the values of constants appearing in the ingredient. The validity of this model was studied by applying it to the two cases of Modern China and Northern Ireland Troubles, where the τ-distribution varies depending on the different countries interacting with China and on the different stage of history of the Troubles, respectively. This indicates that history is consisted from many components with such different types of τ-distribution, which are the similar situation to the cases of other general human activities.

Understanding Immunology via Engineering Design: The Role of Mathematical Prototyping

PubMed Central

Klinke, David J.; Wang, Qing

2012-01-01

A major challenge in immunology is how to translate data into knowledge given the inherent complexity and dynamics of human physiology. Both the physiology and engineering communities have rich histories in applying computational approaches to translate data obtained from complex systems into knowledge of system behavior. However, there are some differences in how disciplines approach problems. By referring to mathematical models as mathematical prototypes, we aim to highlight aspects related to the process (i.e., prototyping) rather than the product (i.e., the model). The objective of this paper is to review how two related engineering concepts, specifically prototyping and “fitness for use,” can be applied to overcome the pressing challenge in translating data into improved knowledge of basic immunology that can be used to improve therapies for disease. These concepts are illustrated using two immunology-related examples. The prototypes presented focus on the beta cell mass at the onset of type 1 diabetes and the dynamics of dendritic cells in the lung. This paper is intended to illustrate some of the nuances associated with applying mathematical modeling to improve understanding of the dynamics of disease progression in humans. PMID:22973412

[Study on the quantitative evaluation on the degree of TCM basic syndromes often encountered in patients with primary liver cancer].

PubMed

Li, Dong-tao; Ling, Chang-quan; Zhu, De-zeng

2007-07-01

To establish a quantitative model for evaluating the degree of the TCM basic syndromes often encountered in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). Medical literatures concerning the clinical investigation and TCM syndrome of PLC were collected and analyzed adopting expert-composed symposium method, and the 100 millimeter scaling was applied in combining with scoring on degree of symptoms to establish a quantitative criterion for symptoms and signs degree classification in patients with PLC. Two models, i.e. the additive model and the additive-multiplicative model, were established by using comprehensive analytic hierarchy process (AHP) as the mathematical tool to estimate the weight of the criterion for evaluating basic syndromes in various layers by specialists. Then the two models were verified in clinical practice and the outcomes were compared with that fuzzy evaluated by specialists. Verification on 459 times/case of PLC showed that the coincidence rate between the outcomes derived from specialists with that from the additive model was 84.53 %, and with that from the additive-multificative model was 62.75 %, the difference between the two showed statistical significance (P<0.01). It could be decided that the additive model is the principle model suitable for quantitative evaluation on the degree of TCM basic syndromes in patients with PLC.

Understanding Mathematics and Logic Using BASIC Computer Games.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ahl, David H.

This combination teacher's guide and student workbook serves as a companion volume to 101 BASIC Computer Games (EM 011 681). It presents ideas, exercises and supplemental projects which will aid the teaching and learning of a wide variety of academic subjects in grades 7 through 12, although the emphasis is upon mathematics and logic. In addition,…

Freddie Fish. A Primary Environmental Study of Basic Numerals, Sets, Ordinals and Shapes.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraynak, Ola

This teacher's guide and study guide are an environmental approach to mathematics education in the primary grades. The mathematical studies of the numerals 0-10, ordinals, number sets, and basic shapes - diamond, circle, square, rectangle, and triangle - are developed through the story of Freddie Fish and his search for clean water. The…

Debates on the Basic Education Curriculum Reform and Teachers' Challenges in China: The Case of Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Li, Qiong; Ni, Yu-jing

2012-01-01

Focusing on the case of mathematics, this paper reviews debates on China's new Basic Education Curriculum Reform program, including the status of knowledge within the reformed curriculum, the arrangement of the curriculum system, and the push toward real-life applicability and hands-on participation. It discusses the related challenges that…

The Vital Role of Basic Mathematics in Teaching and Learning the Mole Concept

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mehrotra, Alka; Koul, Anjni

2016-01-01

This article focuses on the importance of activity-based teaching in understanding the mole concept and the vital role of basic mathematical operations. It describes needs-based training for teachers in a professional development programme in India. Analysis of test results before and after the training indicates that teachers improved their…

From Research to Practice: Basic Mathematics Skills and Success in Introductory Statistics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lunsford, M. Leigh; Poplin, Phillip

2011-01-01

Based on previous research of Johnson and Kuennen (2006), we conducted a study to determine factors that would possibly predict student success in an introductory statistics course. Our results were similar to Johnson and Kuennen in that we found students' basic mathematical skills, as measured on a test created by Johnson and Kuennen, were a…

Intrafirm planning and mathematical modeling of owner's equity in industrial enterprises

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ponomareva, S. V.; Zheleznova, I. V.

2018-05-01

The article aims to review the different approaches to intrafirm planning of owner's equity in industrial enterprises. Since charter capital, additional capital and reserve capital do not change in the process of enterprise activity, the main interest lies on the field of share repurchases from shareholders and retained earnings within the owner's equity of the enterprise. In order to study the effect of share repurchases on the activities of the enterprise, let us use such mathematical methods as event study and econometric modeling. This article describes the step-by-step algorithm of carrying out event study and justifies the choice of Logit model in econometric analysis. The article represents basic results of conducted regression analysis on the effect of share repurchases on the key financial indicators in industrial enterprises.

Numerical Ordering Ability Mediates the Relation between Number-Sense and Arithmetic Competence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lyons, Ian M.; Beilock, Sian L.

2011-01-01

What predicts human mathematical competence? While detailed models of number representation in the brain have been developed, it remains to be seen exactly how basic number representations link to higher math abilities. We propose that representation of ordinal associations between numerical symbols is one important factor that underpins this…

Spiral Growth in Plants: Models and Simulations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Bradford D.

2004-01-01

The analysis and simulation of spiral growth in plants integrates algebra and trigonometry in a botanical setting. When the ideas presented here are used in a mathematics classroom/computer lab, students can better understand how basic assumptions about plant growth lead to the golden ratio and how the use of circular functions leads to accurate…

Intelligent Tutoring Systems: Formalization as Automata and Interface Design Using Neural Networks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Curilem, S. Gloria; Barbosa, Andrea R.; de Azevedo, Fernando M.

2007-01-01

This article proposes a mathematical model of Intelligent Tutoring Systems (ITS), based on observations of the behaviour of these systems. One of the most important problems of pedagogical software is to establish a common language between the knowledge areas involved in their development, basically pedagogical, computing and domain areas. A…

POWER for Progress: A Model for Partnerships in Workplace Literacy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Triton Coll., River Grove, IL.

Project POWER is an educational program developed jointly by Triton College, River Grove, Illinois, and the Labor Management Center of the Mid-Metro Economic Development Group, for employees of local companies who are interested in improving basic skills in English, reading, mathematics, and writing, as well as for employees who want to prepare…

A mathematical model for jet engine combustor pollutant emissions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boccio, J. L.; Weilerstein, G.; Edelman, R. B.

1973-01-01

Mathematical modeling for the description of the origin and disposition of combustion-generated pollutants in gas turbines is presented. A unified model in modular form is proposed which includes kinetics, recirculation, turbulent mixing, multiphase flow effects, swirl and secondary air injection. Subelements of the overall model were applied to data relevant to laboratory reactors and practical combustor configurations. Comparisons between the theory and available data show excellent agreement for basic CO/H2/Air chemical systems. For hydrocarbons the trends are predicted well including higher-than-equilibrium NO levels within the fuel rich regime. Although the need for improved accuracy in fuel rich combustion is indicated, comparisons with actual jet engine data in terms of the effect of combustor-inlet temperature is excellent. In addition, excellent agreement with data is obtained regarding reduced NO emissions with water droplet and steam injection.

Effects of a Mathematics Fluency Program on Mathematics Performance of Students with Challenging Behaviors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Whitney, Todd; Hirn, Regina G.; Lingo, Amy S.

2016-01-01

In the present study, we examined the effects of a fluency-building mathematics program called Great Leaps Math on fluency of basic addition mathematics facts zero to nine and word problem solving using a multiple probe design across participants. Three elementary students with challenging behaviors and mathematics difficulty participated in the…

Mathematical modeling of human brain physiological data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Böhm, Matthias; Faltermeier, Rupert; Brawanski, Alexander; Lang, Elmar W.

2013-12-01

Recently, a mathematical model of the basic physiological processes regulating the cerebral perfusion and oxygen supply was introduced [Jung , J. Math. Biol.JMBLAJ0303-681210.1007/s00285-005-0343-5 51, 491 (2005)]. Although this model correctly describes the interdependence of arterial blood pressure (ABP) and intracranial pressure (ICP), it fails badly when it comes to explaining certain abnormal correlations seen in about 80% of the recordings of ABP together with ICP and the partial oxygen pressure (TiPO2) of the neuronal tissue, taken at an intensive care unit during neuromonitoring of patients with a severe brain trauma. Such recordings occasionally show segments, where the mean arterial blood pressure is correlated with the partial oxygen pressure in tissue but anticorrelated with the intracranial pressure. The origin of such abnormal correlations has not been fully understood yet. Here, two extensions to the previous approach are proposed which can reproduce such abnormal correlations in simulations quantitatively. Furthermore, as the simulations are based on a mathematical model, additional insight into the physiological mechanisms from which such abnormal correlations originate can be gained.

Multi-parametric centrality method for graph network models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ivanov, Sergei Evgenievich; Gorlushkina, Natalia Nikolaevna; Ivanova, Lubov Nikolaevna

2018-04-01

The graph model networks are investigated to determine centrality, weights and the significance of vertices. For centrality analysis appliesa typical method that includesany one of the properties of graph vertices. In graph theory, methods of analyzing centrality are used: in terms by degree, closeness, betweenness, radiality, eccentricity, page-rank, status, Katz and eigenvector. We have proposed a new method of multi-parametric centrality, which includes a number of basic properties of the network member. The mathematical model of multi-parametric centrality method is developed. Comparison of results for the presented method with the centrality methods is carried out. For evaluate the results for the multi-parametric centrality methodthe graph model with hundreds of vertices is analyzed. The comparative analysis showed the accuracy of presented method, includes simultaneously a number of basic properties of vertices.

Modelling the effects of treatment and quarantine on measles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Beay, Lazarus Kalvein

2018-03-01

Treatment and quarantine are efforts to cure as well as to overcome the spread of diseases including measles. The spread of measles can be expressed by mathematical modelling in the form of nonlinear dynamical systems. In this study was conducted on the spread of measles by considering the effect of treatment and quarantine on the infected individuals. By using the basic reproduction number of the model, can be analyzed the effects of treatment and quarantine to reduce the spread of measles. Basic reproduction number of models is monotonically descreasing as treatment and quarantine increasing. Numerical simulations conducted on the analysis of the results. The results showed that treatment and quarantine was given to infected individuals who were infectious has a major influence to eliminate measles from the system.

Saussurian Linguistics Revisited: Can It Inform Our Interpretation of Mathematical Activity?.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McNamara, O.

1995-01-01

Examines the basic notions of Ferdinand de Saussure and proposes that language is fundamental to the process of learning mathematics. Investigates possible mathematical perspectives upon Saussure's ideas and explores the contribution his work can offer to enhance and enrich the interpretive framework through which mathematical activity is observed…

A Guide to Curriculum Planning in Mathematics. Bulletin No. 6284.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chambers, Donald L.; And Others

This guide was written under the basic assumptions that the mathematics curriculum must continuously change and that mathematics is most effectively learned through a spiral approach. Further, it is assumed that the audience will be members of district mathematics curriculum committees. Instructional objectives have been organized to reveal the…

Mathematics for Electronics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clary, Joseph R.; Nery, Karen P.

This set of 20 modules was designed for use primarily to help teach and reinforce the basic mathematics skills in electronics classes. The modules are based on electronics competencies that require mathematics skills, as determined by a panel of high school electronics and mathematics teachers. Each module consists of one or two pages of basic…

Where Have All the Mathematics Teachers Gone?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clever, George

Three basic causes for the general decline in mathematics achievement among high school graduates nationally are poor motivation to learn math, poor math curriculum, and poor or no mathematics instruction. Many Native Americans drop mathematics because of lack of challenging courses or interesting teachers in their high schools. Since American…

General Mathematics; Part 1. Mathematics Curriculum Guide (Career Oriented).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nuschler, Alexandra; And Others

The curriculum guide for secondary level, career-oriented General Mathematics Part 1, correlates performance objectives in basic mathematics with career-oriented concepts and activities. The material is designed to lead the student in a systematic development that provides for continuous progress. The guide is in outline format, providing a…

Technical Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flannery, Carol A.

This manuscript provides information and problems for teaching mathematics to vocational education students. Problems reflect applications of mathematical concepts to specific technical areas. The materials are organized into six chapters. Chapter 1 covers basic arithmetic, including fractions, decimals, ratio and proportions, percentages, and…

Modelling and simulating reaction-diffusion systems using coloured Petri nets.

PubMed

Liu, Fei; Blätke, Mary-Ann; Heiner, Monika; Yang, Ming

2014-10-01

Reaction-diffusion systems often play an important role in systems biology when developmental processes are involved. Traditional methods of modelling and simulating such systems require substantial prior knowledge of mathematics and/or simulation algorithms. Such skills may impose a challenge for biologists, when they are not equally well-trained in mathematics and computer science. Coloured Petri nets as a high-level and graphical language offer an attractive alternative, which is easily approachable. In this paper, we investigate a coloured Petri net framework integrating deterministic, stochastic and hybrid modelling formalisms and corresponding simulation algorithms for the modelling and simulation of reaction-diffusion processes that may be closely coupled with signalling pathways, metabolic reactions and/or gene expression. Such systems often manifest multiscaleness in time, space and/or concentration. We introduce our approach by means of some basic diffusion scenarios, and test it against an established case study, the Brusselator model. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mathematical modeling of the integrated process of mercury bioremediation in the industrial bioreactor.

PubMed

Głuszcz, Paweł; Petera, Jerzy; Ledakowicz, Stanisław

2011-03-01

The mathematical model of the integrated process of mercury contaminated wastewater bioremediation in a fixed-bed industrial bioreactor is presented. An activated carbon packing in the bioreactor plays the role of an adsorbent for ionic mercury and at the same time of a carrier material for immobilization of mercury-reducing bacteria. The model includes three basic stages of the bioremediation process: mass transfer in the liquid phase, adsorption of mercury onto activated carbon and ionic mercury bioreduction to Hg(0) by immobilized microorganisms. Model calculations were verified using experimental data obtained during the process of industrial wastewater bioremediation in the bioreactor of 1 m³ volume. It was found that the presented model reflects the properties of the real system quite well. Numerical simulation of the bioremediation process confirmed the experimentally observed positive effect of the integration of ionic mercury adsorption and bioreduction in one apparatus.

Analysis of geologic terrain models for determination of optimum SAR sensor configuration and optimum information extraction for exploration of global non-renewable resources. Pilot study: Arkansas Remote Sensing Laboratory, part 1, part 2, and part 3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaupp, V. H.; Macdonald, H. C.; Waite, W. P.; Stiles, J. A.; Frost, F. S.; Shanmugam, K. S.; Smith, S. A.; Narayanan, V.; Holtzman, J. C. (Principal Investigator)

1982-01-01

Computer-generated radar simulations and mathematical geologic terrain models were used to establish the optimum radar sensor operating parameters for geologic research. An initial set of mathematical geologic terrain models was created for three basic landforms and families of simulated radar images were prepared from these models for numerous interacting sensor, platform, and terrain variables. The tradeoffs between the various sensor parameters and the quantity and quality of the extractable geologic data were investigated as well as the development of automated techniques of digital SAR image analysis. Initial work on a texture analysis of SEASAT SAR imagery is reported. Computer-generated radar simulations are shown for combinations of two geologic models and three SAR angles of incidence.

A Multiphase Flow in the Antroduodenal Portion of the Gastrointestinal Tract: A Mathematical Model

PubMed Central

Trusov, P. V.

2016-01-01

A group of authors has developed a multilevel mathematical model that focuses on functional disorders in a human body associated with various chemical, physical, social, and other factors. At this point, the researchers have come up with structure, basic definitions and concepts of a mathematical model at the “macrolevel” that allow describing processes in a human body as a whole. Currently we are working at the “mesolevel” of organs and systems. Due to complexity of the tasks, this paper deals with only one meso-fragment of a digestive system model. It describes some aspects related to modeling multiphase flow in the antroduodenal portion of the gastrointestinal tract. Biochemical reactions, dissolution of food particles, and motor, secretory, and absorbing functions of the tract are taken into consideration. The paper outlines some results concerning influence of secretory function disorders on food dissolution rate and tract contents acidity. The effect which food density has on inflow of food masses from a stomach to a bowel is analyzed. We assume that the future development of the model will include digestive enzymes and related reactions of lipolysis, proteolysis, and carbohydrates breakdown. PMID:27413393

Modeling malaria and typhoid fever co-infection dynamics.

PubMed

Mutua, Jones M; Wang, Feng-Bin; Vaidya, Naveen K

2015-06-01

Malaria and typhoid are among the most endemic diseases, and thus, of major public health concerns in tropical developing countries. In addition to true co-infection of malaria and typhoid, false diagnoses due to similar signs and symptoms and false positive results in testing methods, leading to improper controls, are the major challenges on managing these diseases. In this study, we develop novel mathematical models describing the co-infection dynamics of malaria and typhoid. Through mathematical analyses of our models, we identify distinct features of typhoid and malaria infection dynamics as well as relationships associated to their co-infection. The global dynamics of typhoid can be determined by a single threshold (the typhoid basic reproduction number, R0(T)) while two thresholds (the malaria basic reproduction number, R0(M), and the extinction index, R0(MM)) are needed to determine the global dynamics of malaria. We demonstrate that by using efficient simultaneous prevention programs, the co-infection basic reproduction number, R0, can be brought down to below one, thereby eradicating the diseases. Using our model, we present illustrative numerical results with a case study in the Eastern Province of Kenya to quantify the possible false diagnosis resulting from this co-infection. In Kenya, despite having higher prevalence of typhoid, malaria is more problematic in terms of new infections and disease deaths. We find that false diagnosis-with higher possible cases for typhoid than malaria-cause significant devastating impacts on Kenyan societies. Our results demonstrate that both diseases need to be simultaneously managed for successful control of co-epidemics. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Antibiotics in Animal Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Falcão, Amílcar C.

The administration of antibiotics to animals to prevent or treat diseases led us to be concerned about the impact of these antibiotics on human health. In fact, animal products could be a potential vehicle to transfer drugs to humans. Using appropri ated mathematical and statistical models, one can predict the kinetic profile of drugs and their metabolites and, consequently, develop preventive procedures regarding drug transmission (i.e., determination of appropriate withdrawal periods). Nevertheless, in the present chapter the mathematical and statistical concepts for data interpretation are strictly given to allow understanding of some basic pharma-cokinetic principles and to illustrate the determination of withdrawal periods

Exemplarity in Mathematics Education: from a Romanticist Viewpoint to a Modern Hermeneutical One

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patronis, Tasos; Spanos, Dimitris

2013-08-01

This paper proposes a setting of exemplarity different from the already known one, which is basically a Romanticist philosophical setting. Our general aim is to describe and explore the nature of some exemplary themes and interpretive models in advanced mathematics teaching and learning. In order to do so, we move from Romanticism towards the viewpoint of Modern Hermeneutics, by applying ideas appearing mainly in Gadamer and Ricoeur. We use this new setting as a philosophical framework, to interpret some results from two didactical research studies that have already appeared on infinitesimals.

A discrete mathematical model applied to genetic regulation and metabolic networks.

PubMed

Asenjo, A J; Ramirez, P; Rapaport, I; Aracena, J; Goles, E; Andrews, B A

2007-03-01

This paper describes the use of a discrete mathematical model to represent the basic mechanisms of regulation of the bacteria E. coli in batch fermentation. The specific phenomena studied were the changes in metabolism and genetic regulation when the bacteria use three different carbon substrates (glucose, glycerol, and acetate). The model correctly predicts the behavior of E. coli vis-à-vis substrate mixtures. In a mixture of glucose, glycerol, and acetate, it prefers glucose, then glycerol, and finally acetate. The model included 67 nodes; 28 were genes, 20 enzymes, and 19 regulators/biochemical compounds. The model represents both the genetic regulation and metabolic networks in an inrtegrated form, which is how they function biologically. This is one of the first attempts to include both of these networks in one model. Previously, discrete mathematical models were used only to describe genetic regulation networks. The study of the network dynamics generated 8 (2(3)) fixed points, one for each nutrient configuration (substrate mixture) in the medium. The fixed points of the discrete model reflect the phenotypes described. Gene expression and the patterns of the metabolic fluxes generated are described accurately. The activation of the gene regulation network depends basically on the presence of glucose and glycerol. The model predicts the behavior when mixed carbon sources are utilized as well as when there is no carbon source present. Fictitious jokers (Joker1, Joker2, and Repressor SdhC) had to be created to control 12 genes whose regulation mechanism is unknown, since glycerol and glucose do not act directly on the genes. The approach presented in this paper is particularly useful to investigate potential unknown gene regulation mechanisms; such a novel approach can also be used to describe other gene regulation situations such as the comparison between non-recombinant and recombinant yeast strain, producing recombinant proteins, presently under investigation in our group.

Destrezas de Matematica: Curriculo Basico. Guia para el Maestro (Mathematics Skills: Basic Curriculum. Teacher's Guide).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Puerto Rico State Dept. of Education, Hato Rey. Office of Special Education.

The fundamental importance of basic mathematics to daily life is emphasized in this teacher's guide for special education teachers in Puerto Rico. While it is necessary for the teacher to determine the needs and abilities of each student and adapt the curriculum accordingly, this guide presents, in Spanish, a set of lesson plans, each with an…

Developing Basic Mathematical Skills of Pre-School Children by Using Plasticized Clay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chumark, Charung; Puncreobutr, Vichian

2016-01-01

The main objective of this research was to study the development of basic mathematical skills in preschool children by using plasticized clay. A pre-test and post-test design was adopted for the study to compare the difference before and after the art activity. The experimental group of 15 preschool children of 3-4 years old, attending…

Job-Related Basic Math Skills: An Analysis of Employees and Employers/Supervisors' Perception of Needed Math Skills for Office Occupations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Redmann, Donna H.

Phase I of a study was conducted to identify the basic mathematics competencies needed for job success in office occupations (14 job clusters). It also sought to determine the differences between employees' and employer/supervisors' perceptions of the degree of importance of mathematics skills for office occupations. Following a review of…

Four (Algorithms) in One (Bag): An Integrative Framework of Knowledge for Teaching the Standard Algorithms of the Basic Arithmetic Operations

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raveh, Ira; Koichu, Boris; Peled, Irit; Zaslavsky, Orit

2016-01-01

In this article we present an integrative framework of knowledge for teaching the standard algorithms of the four basic arithmetic operations. The framework is based on a mathematical analysis of the algorithms, a connectionist perspective on teaching mathematics and an analogy with previous frameworks of knowledge for teaching arithmetic…

Mapping the Relationships among Basic Facts, Concepts and Application, and Common Core Curriculum-Based Mathematics Measures

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Codding, Robin S.; Mercer, Sterett; Connell, James; Fiorello, Catherine; Kleinert, Whitney

2016-01-01

There is a paucity of evidence supporting the use of curriculum-based mathematics measures (M-CBMs) at the middle school level, which makes data-based decisions challenging for school professionals. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships among three existing M-CBM indices: (a) basic facts, (b) concepts/application, and (c)…

Do Different Types of School Mathematics Development Depend on Different Constellations of Numerical versus General Cognitive Abilities?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fuchs, Lynn S.; Geary, David C.; Compton, Donald L.; Fuchs, Douglas; Hamlett, Carol L.; Seethaler, Pamela M.; Bryant, Joan D.; Schatschneider, Christopher

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to examine the interplay between basic numerical cognition and domain-general abilities (such as working memory) in explaining school mathematics learning. First graders (N = 280; mean age = 5.77 years) were assessed on 2 types of basic numerical cognition, 8 domain-general abilities, procedural calculations, and word…

Basic mathematical rules are encoded by primate prefrontal cortex neurons

PubMed Central

Bongard, Sylvia; Nieder, Andreas

2010-01-01

Mathematics is based on highly abstract principles, or rules, of how to structure, process, and evaluate numerical information. If and how mathematical rules can be represented by single neurons, however, has remained elusive. We therefore recorded the activity of individual prefrontal cortex (PFC) neurons in rhesus monkeys required to switch flexibly between “greater than” and “less than” rules. The monkeys performed this task with different numerical quantities and generalized to set sizes that had not been presented previously, indicating that they had learned an abstract mathematical principle. The most prevalent activity recorded from randomly selected PFC neurons reflected the mathematical rules; purely sensory- and memory-related activity was almost absent. These data show that single PFC neurons have the capacity to represent flexible operations on most abstract numerical quantities. Our findings support PFC network models implementing specific “rule-coding” units that control the flow of information between segregated input, memory, and output layers. We speculate that these neuronal circuits in the monkey lateral PFC could readily have been adopted in the course of primate evolution for syntactic processing of numbers in formalized mathematical systems. PMID:20133872

Ordinary differential equations with applications in molecular biology.

PubMed

Ilea, M; Turnea, M; Rotariu, M

2012-01-01

Differential equations are of basic importance in molecular biology mathematics because many biological laws and relations appear mathematically in the form of a differential equation. In this article we presented some applications of mathematical models represented by ordinary differential equations in molecular biology. The vast majority of quantitative models in cell and molecular biology are formulated in terms of ordinary differential equations for the time evolution of concentrations of molecular species. Assuming that the diffusion in the cell is high enough to make the spatial distribution of molecules homogenous, these equations describe systems with many participating molecules of each kind. We propose an original mathematical model with small parameter for biological phospholipid pathway. All the equations system includes small parameter epsilon. The smallness of epsilon is relative to the size of the solution domain. If we reduce the size of the solution region the same small epsilon will result in a different condition number. It is clear that the solution for a smaller region is less difficult. We introduce the mathematical technique known as boundary function method for singular perturbation system. In this system, the small parameter is an asymptotic variable, different from the independent variable. In general, the solutions of such equations exhibit multiscale phenomena. Singularly perturbed problems form a special class of problems containing a small parameter which may tend to zero. Many molecular biology processes can be quantitatively characterized by ordinary differential equations. Mathematical cell biology is a very active and fast growing interdisciplinary area in which mathematical concepts, techniques, and models are applied to a variety of problems in developmental medicine and bioengineering. Among the different modeling approaches, ordinary differential equations (ODE) are particularly important and have led to significant advances. Ordinary differential equations are used to model biological processes on various levels ranging from DNA molecules or biosynthesis phospholipids on the cellular level.

Experimental design for a basic mixture on a fluorinated packing. The effect of composition of the mobile phase.

PubMed

Wang, Y; Harrison, M; Clark, B J

2006-02-10

An optimization methodology is introduced for investigating the separation and the retention behavior of analytes on a new fluorinated reversed-phase packing. Ten basic compounds were selected as test probes to study the predictive models developed by using SPSS and MATLAB software. A two-level orthogonal array design (OAD) was used to extract significant parameters. The significant factors were optimised using a central composite design to obtain the quadratic relationship between the dependent and the independent variables. Using this strategy, response surfaces were derived as the 3D and contour plots, and mathematical models were defined for the separation. The models had a satisfactory coefficient (R(2) > 0.97, n = 16). For the test compounds, the best separation condition was: MeCN/30 mM phosphate buffer pH 7.1(55.5:44.5, v/v) and 10 basic solutes were resolved in 22 min. The significant influence of the concentration of buffer shows that different mechanisms of separation for basic compounds on the fluorinated packing exist compared with a common ODS stationary phase.

Cardiac mechanics: Physiological, clinical, and mathematical considerations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mirsky, I. (Editor); Ghista, D. N.; Sandler, H.

1974-01-01

Recent studies concerning the basic physiological and biochemical principles underlying cardiac muscle contraction, methods for the assessment of cardiac function in the clinical situation, and mathematical approaches to cardiac mechanics are presented. Some of the topics covered include: cardiac ultrastructure and function in the normal and failing heart, myocardial energetics, clinical applications of angiocardiography, use of echocardiography for evaluating cardiac performance, systolic time intervals in the noninvasive assessment of left ventricular performance in man, evaluation of passive elastic stiffness for the left ventricle and isolated heart muscle, a conceptual model of myocardial infarction and cardiogenic shock, application of Huxley's sliding-filament theory to the mechanics of normal and hypertrophied cardiac muscle, and a rheological modeling of the intact left ventricle. Individual items are announced in this issue.

The quest for a new modelling framework in mathematical biology. Comment on "On the interplay between mathematics and biology: Hallmarks towards a new systems biology" by N. Bellomo et al.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eftimie, Raluca

2015-03-01

One of the main unsolved problems of modern physics is finding a "theory of everything" - a theory that can explain, with the help of mathematics, all physical aspects of the universe. While the laws of physics could explain some aspects of the biology of living systems (e.g., the phenomenological interpretation of movement of cells and animals), there are other aspects specific to biology that cannot be captured by physics models. For example, it is generally accepted that the evolution of a cell-based system is influenced by the activation state of cells (e.g., only activated and functional immune cells can fight diseases); on the other hand, the evolution of an animal-based system can be influenced by the psychological state (e.g., distress) of animals. Therefore, the last 10-20 years have seen also a quest for a "theory of everything"-approach extended to biology, with researchers trying to propose mathematical modelling frameworks that can explain various biological phenomena ranging from ecology to developmental biology and medicine [1,2,6]. The basic idea behind this approach can be found in a few reviews on ecology and cell biology [6,7,9-11], where researchers suggested that due to the parallel between the micro-scale dynamics and the emerging macro-scale phenomena in both cell biology and in ecology, many mathematical methods used for ecological processes could be adapted to cancer modelling [7,9] or to modelling in immunology [11]. However, this approach generally involved the use of different models to describe different biological aspects (e.g., models for cell and animal movement, models for competition between cells or animals, etc.).

The Language of Mathematics: Learning to Read Mathematics for Understanding and Success

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Im, Yang Ok

2013-01-01

The intention of this project was to explore the effect of utilizing basic reading skills to promote student growth in mathematical literacy among middle school students. Mathematics was approached as a linquistical language and teachers utilized decoding skills as the treatment. This study used a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental…

Visual Representations in Mathematics Teaching: An Experiment with Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Debrenti, Edith

2015-01-01

General problem-solving skills are of central importance in school mathematics achievement. Word problems play an important role not just in mathematical education, but in general education as well. Meaningful learning and understanding are basic aspects of all kinds of learning and it is even more important in the case of learning mathematics. In…

Characterizing Reading Comprehension of Mathematical Texts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Osterholm, Magnus

2006-01-01

This study compares reading comprehension of three different texts: two mathematical texts and one historical text. The two mathematical texts both present basic concepts of group theory, but one does it using mathematical symbols and the other only uses natural language. A total of 95 upper secondary and university students read one of the…

Emotion Work and Affective Stance in the Mathematics Classroom: The Case of IRE Sequences in Finnish Classroom Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tainio, Liisa; Laine, Anu

2015-01-01

Although according to the Finnish curriculum the learning environment in mathematics lessons should promote supportive interaction, Finnish pupils' attitudes toward and self-beliefs regarding mathematics deteriorate during basic education. This article investigates emotion work in teacher-student interaction in Finnish mathematics classrooms; the…

Using Five-Frames in Preschool Mathematics Instruction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rizer, Jennifer

2017-01-01

Mathematics education is a critical part of instruction for students around the globe. The foundation for understanding basic mathematical concepts begins early in life. Preschool classrooms can provide the early skills in mathematical reasoning that will be needed later in life. In this study, the author sought to determine if the use of…

Measuring the Effectiveness of a Mathematics Support Service: An Email Survey

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gillard, Jonathan; Robathan, Kirsty; Wilson, Robert

2011-01-01

Over the last decade the "mathematics problem" (students lacking basic mathematical skills on entry into higher education), and proposed solutions of this problem have been widely debated. One method to help combat this issue has been the introduction of mathematics support centres across higher education institutions. This article describes the…

A Conceptual Metaphor Framework for the Teaching of Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Danesi, Marcel

2007-01-01

Word problems in mathematics seem to constantly pose learning difficulties for all kinds of students. Recent work in math education (for example, [Lakoff, G. & Nunez, R. E. (2000). "Where mathematics comes from: How the embodied mind brings mathematics into being." New York: Basic Books]) suggests that the difficulties stem from an…

Learning Mathematics in English at Basic Schools in Ghana: A Benefit or Hindrance?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fredua-Kwarteng, Eric; Ahia, Francis

2015-01-01

Facilitating effective mathematics learning and higher mathematics achievement have long been recognized as a key to the scientific and technological advancement of the African continent. While the central role that language proficiency plays in mathematics teaching and learning has received an overwhelming research attention in the literature…

Quantitative modelling in cognitive ergonomics: predicting signals passed at danger.

PubMed

Moray, Neville; Groeger, John; Stanton, Neville

2017-02-01

This paper shows how to combine field observations, experimental data and mathematical modelling to produce quantitative explanations and predictions of complex events in human-machine interaction. As an example, we consider a major railway accident. In 1999, a commuter train passed a red signal near Ladbroke Grove, UK, into the path of an express. We use the Public Inquiry Report, 'black box' data, and accident and engineering reports to construct a case history of the accident. We show how to combine field data with mathematical modelling to estimate the probability that the driver observed and identified the state of the signals, and checked their status. Our methodology can explain the SPAD ('Signal Passed At Danger'), generate recommendations about signal design and placement and provide quantitative guidance for the design of safer railway systems' speed limits and the location of signals. Practitioner Summary: Detailed ergonomic analysis of railway signals and rail infrastructure reveals problems of signal identification at this location. A record of driver eye movements measures attention, from which a quantitative model for out signal placement and permitted speeds can be derived. The paper is an example of how to combine field data, basic research and mathematical modelling to solve ergonomic design problems.

Study on the Influence of Building Materials on Indoor Pollutants and Pollution Sources

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yao

2018-01-01

The paper summarizes the achievements and problems of indoor air quality research at home and abroad. The pollutants and pollution sources in the room are analyzed systematically. The types of building materials and pollutants are also discussed. The physical and chemical properties and health effects of main pollutants were analyzed and studied. According to the principle of mass balance, the basic mathematical model of indoor air quality is established. Considering the release rate of pollutants and indoor ventilation, a mathematical model for predicting the concentration of indoor air pollutants is derived. The model can be used to analyze and describe the variation of pollutant concentration in indoor air, and to predict and calculate the concentration of pollutants in indoor air at a certain time. The results show that the mathematical model established in this study can be used to analyze and predict the variation law of pollutant concentration in indoor air. The evaluation model can be used to evaluate the impact of indoor air quality and evaluation of current situation. Especially in the process of building and interior decoration, through pre-evaluation, it can provide reliable design parameters for selecting building materials and determining ventilation volume.

Head Start for Learning Disabled Students. Final Report 1990-1991.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reading Area Community Coll., PA.

A project was conducted at Reading Area Community College (Pennsylvania) to develop the basic reading, writing, and mathematics skills of students with learning disabilities, to develop the self-esteem of these students, to motivate them, and to develop a model program that could be used by other adult education providers. The project featured a…

NASA Office of Aeronautics and Space Technology Summer Workshop. Volume 9: Entry technology panel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1975-01-01

An advanced space transportation system heavy lift orbiter, hypersonic atmospheric entry missions, development of an emergency astronaut life boat, and basic research in boundary layer transition are among the topics discussed. Emphasis is placed on the need for space testing and for better mathematical models describing the flow fields around complex structures.

How Theory-Building Research on Instruction Can Support Instructional Improvement: Toward a Modelling Perspective in Secondary Geometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Herbst, Patricio

2016-01-01

How can basic research on mathematics instruction contribute to instructional improvement? In our research on the practical rationality of geometry teaching we describe existing instruction and examine how existing instruction responds to perturbations. In this talk I consider the proposal that geometry instruction could be improved by infusing it…

Harnessing the Use of Open Learning Exchange to Support Basic Education in Science and Mathematics in the Philippines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feliciano, Josephine S.; Mandapat, Louie Carl R.; Khan, Concepcion L.

2013-01-01

This paper presents the open learning initiatives of the Science Education Institute of the Department of Science and Technology to overcome certain barriers, such as enabling access, cost of replication, timely feedback, monitoring and continuous improvement of learning modules. Using an open-education model, like MIT's (Massachusetts Institute…

Mirror neurons, language, and embodied cognition.

PubMed

Perlovsky, Leonid I; Ilin, Roman

2013-05-01

Basic mechanisms of the mind, cognition, language, its semantic and emotional mechanisms are modeled using dynamic logic (DL). This cognitively and mathematically motivated model leads to a dual-model hypothesis of language and cognition. The paper emphasizes that abstract cognition cannot evolve without language. The developed model is consistent with a joint emergence of language and cognition from a mirror neuron system. The dual language-cognition model leads to the dual mental hierarchy. The nature of cognition embodiment in the hierarchy is analyzed. Future theoretical and experimental research is discussed. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Modal analysis and control of flexible manipulator arms. Ph.D. Thesis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neto, O. M.

1974-01-01

The possibility of modeling and controlling flexible manipulator arms was examined. A modal approach was used for obtaining the mathematical model and control techniques. The arm model was represented mathematically by a state space description defined in terms of joint angles and mode amplitudes obtained from truncation on the distributed systems, and included the motion of a two link two joint arm. Three basic techniques were used for controlling the system: pole allocation with gains obtained from the rigid system with interjoint feedbacks, Simon-Mitter algorithm for pole allocation, and sensitivity analysis with respect to parameter variations. An improvement in arm bandwidth was obtained. Optimization of some geometric parameters was undertaken to maximize bandwidth for various payload sizes and programmed tasks. The controlled system is examined under constant gains and using the nonlinear model for simulations following a time varying state trajectory.

Mathematical model for lift/cruise fan V/STOL aircraft simulator programming data

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bland, M. P.; Fajfar, B.; Konsewicz, R. K.

1976-01-01

Simulation data are reported for the purpose of programming the flight simulator for advanced aircraft for tests of the lift/cruise fan V/STOL Research Technology Aircraft. These simulation tests are to provide insight into problem areas which are encountered in operational use of the aircraft. A mathematical model is defined in sufficient detail to represent all the necessary pertinent aircraft and system characteristics. The model includes the capability to simulate two basic versions of an aircraft propulsion system: (1) the gas coupled configuration which uses insulated air ducts to transmit power between gas generators and fans in the form of high energy engine exhaust and (2) the mechanically coupled power system which uses shafts, clutches, and gearboxes for power transmittal. Both configurations are modeled such that the simulation can include vertical as well as rolling takeoff and landing, hover, powered lift flight, aerodynamic flight, and the transition between powered lift and aerodynamic flight.

How do microclimate factors affect the risk for superficial pressure ulcers: a mathematical modeling study.

PubMed

Gefen, Amit

2011-08-01

In this study, a mathematical model is developed for analyzing the effects of the microclimate on skin tolerance to superficial pressure ulcers (SPUs). The modeling identified the following factors as such that decrease the tolerance of skin to SPUs: (i) increase in the skin temperature, (ii) increase in the ambient temperature, (iii) increase in the relative humidity, (iv) increase in the skin-support (or skin-clothing-support) contact pressures, and (v) decrease in permeabilities of the materials contacting the skin or being close to it, e.g. the covering sheet of the support and clothing. The modeling is consistent with relevant empirical findings and clinical observations documented in the literature, explains them from a basic science aspect, and can be further developed for design of interventions, safer patient clothing and supports that consider the optimization of microclimate factors. Copyright © 2010 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Design and Development of Basic Physical Layer WiMAX Network Simulation Models

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-01-01

Wide Web . The third software version was developed during the period of 22 August to 4 November, 2008. The software version developed during the...researched on the Web . The mathematics of some fundamental concepts such as Fourier transforms, convolutional coding techniques were also reviewed...Mathworks Matlab users’ website. A simulation model was found, entitled Estudio y Simulacion de la capa Jisica de la norma 802.16 ( Sistema WiMAX) developed

Decentralized control of Markovian decision processes: Existence Sigma-admissable policies

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenland, A.

1980-01-01

The problem of formulating and analyzing Markov decision models having decentralized information and decision patterns is examined. Included are basic examples as well as the mathematical preliminaries needed to understand Markov decision models and, further, to superimpose decentralized decision structures on them. The notion of a variance admissible policy for the model is introduced and it is proved that there exist (possibly nondeterministic) optional policies from the class of variance admissible policies. Directions for further research are explored.

Modelling digital thunder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanco, Francesco; La Rocca, Paola; Petta, Catia; Riggi, Francesco

2009-01-01

An educational model simulation of the sound produced by lightning in the sky has been employed to demonstrate realistic signatures of thunder and its connection to the particular structure of the lightning channel. Algorithms used in the past have been revisited and implemented, making use of current computer techniques. The basic properties of the mathematical model, together with typical results and suggestions for additional developments are discussed. The paper is intended as a teaching aid for students and teachers in the context of introductory physics courses at university level.

Mathematical modelling in engineering: an alternative way to teach Linear Algebra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Domínguez-García, S.; García-Planas, M. I.; Taberna, J.

2016-10-01

Technological advances require that basic science courses for engineering, including Linear Algebra, emphasize the development of mathematical strengths associated with modelling and interpretation of results, which are not limited only to calculus abilities. Based on this consideration, we have proposed a project-based learning, giving a dynamic classroom approach in which students modelled real-world problems and turn gain a deeper knowledge of the Linear Algebra subject. Considering that most students are digital natives, we use the e-portfolio as a tool of communication between students and teachers, besides being a good place making the work visible. In this article, we present an overview of the design and implementation of a project-based learning for a Linear Algebra course taught during the 2014-2015 at the 'ETSEIB'of Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC).

A survey of basic reproductive ratios in vector-borne disease transmission modeling

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Soewono, E.; Aldila, D.

2015-03-01

Vector-borne diseases are commonly known in tropical and subtropical countries. These diseases have contributed to more than 10% of world infectious disease cases. Among the vectors responsible for transmitting the diseases are mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, flies, bugs and worms. Several of the diseases are known to contribute to the increasing threat to human health such as malaria, dengue, filariasis, chikungunya, west nile fever, yellow fever, encephalistis, and anthrax. It is necessary to understand the real process of infection, factors which contribute to the complication of the transmission in order to come up with a good and sound mathematical model. Although it is not easy to simulate the real transmission process of the infection, we could say that almost all models have been developed from the already long known Host-Vector model. It constitutes the main transmission processes i.e. birth, death, infection and recovery. From this simple model, the basic concepts of Disease Free and Endemic Equilibria and Basic Reproductive Ratio can be well explained and understood. Theoretical, modeling, control and treatment aspects of disease transmission problems have then been developed for various related diseases. General construction as well as specific forms of basic reproductive ratios for vector-borne diseases are discusses here.

[Three dimensional mathematical model of tooth for finite element analysis].

PubMed

Puskar, Tatjana; Vasiljević, Darko; Marković, Dubravka; Jevremović, Danimir; Pantelić, Dejan; Savić-Sević, Svetlana; Murić, Branka

2010-01-01

The mathematical model of the abutment tooth is the starting point of the finite element analysis of stress and deformation of dental structures. The simplest and easiest way is to form a model according to the literature data of dimensions and morphological characteristics of teeth. Our method is based on forming 3D models using standard geometrical forms (objects) in programmes for solid modeling. Forming the mathematical model of abutment of the second upper premolar for finite element analysis of stress and deformation of dental structures. The abutment tooth has a form of a complex geometric object. It is suitable for modeling in programs for solid modeling SolidWorks. After analysing the literature data about the morphological characteristics of teeth, we started the modeling dividing the tooth (complex geometric body) into simple geometric bodies (cylinder, cone, pyramid,...). Connecting simple geometric bodies together or substricting bodies from the basic body, we formed complex geometric body, tooth. The model is then transferred into Abaqus, a computational programme for finite element analysis. Transferring the data was done by standard file format for transferring 3D models ACIS SAT. Using the programme for solid modeling SolidWorks, we developed three models of abutment of the second maxillary premolar: the model of the intact abutment, the model of the endodontically treated tooth with two remaining cavity walls and the model of the endodontically treated tooth with two remaining walls and inserted post. Mathematical models of the abutment made according to the literature data are very similar with the real abutment and the simplifications are minimal. These models enable calculations of stress and deformation of the dental structures. The finite element analysis provides useful information in understanding biomechanical problems and gives guidance for clinical research.

CFD analysis of the plate heat exchanger - Mathematical modelling of mass and heat transfer in serial connection with tubular heat exchanger

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bojko, Marian; Kocich, Radim

2016-06-01

Application of numerical simulations based on the CFD calculation when the mass and heat transfer between the fluid flows is essential component of thermal calculation. In this article the mathematical model of the heat exchanger is defined, which is subsequently applied to the plate heat exchanger, which is connected in series with the other heat exchanger (tubular heat exchanger). The present contribution deals with the possibility to use the waste heat of the flue gas produced by small micro turbine. Inlet boundary conditions to the mathematical model of the plate heat exchanger are obtained from the results of numerical simulation of the tubular heat exchanger. Required parameters such for example inlet temperature was evaluated from temperature field, which was subsequently imported to the inlet boundary condition to the simulation of plate heat exchanger. From the results of 3D numerical simulations are evaluated basic flow variables including the evaluation of dimensionless parameters such as Colburn j-factor and friction ft factor. Numerical simulation is realized by software ANSYS Fluent15.0.

Evaluating the Interactive Learning Tool Simreal+ for Visualizing and Simulating Mathematical Concepts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hadjerrouit, Said

2015-01-01

This research study aims at evaluating the suitability of SimReal+ for effective use in teacher education. SimReal+ was originally developed to teach mathematics in universities, but it is has been recently improved to include school mathematics. The basic idea of SimReal+ is that the visualization of mathematical concepts is a powerful technique…

The Effect of the Success in Teaching Geometry of Basic Level Education Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yavuz, Ayse; Aydin, Bünyamin; Avci, Musa

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study was to investigate primary and secondary mathematics teachers' candidates' effect of the success in geometry education. The sample of the study consists of students first and last class preservice primary mathematics teachers which are enrolled program education at department of mathematics and students first and last…

Mathematics for the Technical Student: The Use of the Computer in the Systems Approach to Instruction.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Capps, Joan P.

An instructional method using flow-chart symbols to make mathematical abstractions more concrete was implemented for a year in a technical mathematics course. Students received instruction in computer applications and programming in the BASIC language in order to increase motivation and firm the mathematical skills and problem-solving approaches…

Making a Case for Exact Language as an Aspect of Rigour in Initial Teacher Education Mathematics Programmes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

van Jaarsveld, Pieter

2016-01-01

Pre-service secondary mathematics teachers have a poor command of the exact language of mathematics as evidenced in assignments, micro-lessons and practicums. The unrelenting notorious annual South African National Senior Certificate outcomes in mathematics and the recognition by the Department of Basic Education (DBE) that the correct use of…

Exploring Mathematics Teachers' Pedagogical Content Knowledge in the Context of Knowledge of Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aksu, Zeki; Kul, Ümit

2016-01-01

Functions are one of the basic topics taught in mathematics curriculum at Secondary school level requiring knowledge from the students' past, and uniting mathematical topics. Mathematics teachers have both their own learning experience of functions, as well as their own teaching experience, leading to the question of what level of student…

Promoting Access to Common Core Mathematics for Students with Severe Disabilities through Mathematical Problem Solving

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Spooner, Fred; Saunders, Alicia; Root, Jenny; Brosh, Chelsi

2017-01-01

There is a need to teach the pivotal skill of mathematical problem solving to students with severe disabilities, moving beyond basic skills like computation to higher level thinking skills. Problem solving is emphasized as a Standard for Mathematical Practice in the Common Core State Standards across grade levels. This article describes a…

The Role of Prior Mathematical Experience in Predicting Mathematics Performance in Higher Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Faulkner, Fiona; Hannigan, Ailish; Fitzmaurice, Olivia

2014-01-01

Evidence of deficiencies in basic mathematical skills of beginning undergraduates has been documented worldwide. Many different theories have been set out as to why these declines in mathematical competency levels have occurred over time. One such theory is the widening access to higher education which has resulted in a less mathematically…

Network-level reproduction number and extinction threshold for vector-borne diseases.

PubMed

Xue, Ling; Scoglio, Caterina

2015-06-01

The basic reproduction number of deterministic models is an essential quantity to predict whether an epidemic will spread or not. Thresholds for disease extinction contribute crucial knowledge of disease control, elimination, and mitigation of infectious diseases. Relationships between basic reproduction numbers of two deterministic network-based ordinary differential equation vector-host models, and extinction thresholds of corresponding stochastic continuous-time Markov chain models are derived under some assumptions. Numerical simulation results for malaria and Rift Valley fever transmission on heterogeneous networks are in agreement with analytical results without any assumptions, reinforcing that the relationships may always exist and proposing a mathematical problem for proving existence of the relationships in general. Moreover, numerical simulations show that the basic reproduction number does not monotonically increase or decrease with the extinction threshold. Consistent trends of extinction probability observed through numerical simulations provide novel insights into mitigation strategies to increase the disease extinction probability. Research findings may improve understandings of thresholds for disease persistence in order to control vector-borne diseases.

Discrete Mathematical Approaches to Graph-Based Traffic Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Joslyn, Cliff A.; Cowley, Wendy E.; Hogan, Emilie A.

2014-04-01

Modern cyber defense and anlaytics requires general, formal models of cyber systems. Multi-scale network models are prime candidates for such formalisms, using discrete mathematical methods based in hierarchically-structured directed multigraphs which also include rich sets of labels. An exemplar of an application of such an approach is traffic analysis, that is, observing and analyzing connections between clients, servers, hosts, and actors within IP networks, over time, to identify characteristic or suspicious patterns. Towards that end, NetFlow (or more generically, IPFLOW) data are available from routers and servers which summarize coherent groups of IP packets flowing through the network. In thismore » paper, we consider traffic analysis of Netflow using both basic graph statistics and two new mathematical measures involving labeled degree distributions and time interval overlap measures. We do all of this over the VAST test data set of 96M synthetic Netflow graph edges, against which we can identify characteristic patterns of simulated ground-truth network attacks.« less

Shotgun Canceling.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Szymanski, Theodore

1999-01-01

Discusses a common misunderstanding demonstrated by many students in basic mathematics courses: not knowing how to properly "cancel" factors in simplifying mathematical equations. Asserts that "crossing-out" or "canceling" is not a valid mathematical operation, and that instructors should be wary about using these terms because of the ease with…

Reflectiveness/Impulsiveness and Mathematics Achievement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cathcart, W. George; Liedtke, Werner

1969-01-01

Report of research to test the hypothesis that reflective students would be higher achievers in mathematics than impulsive pupils. An achievement test was developed to measure understanding of mathematical concepts and applications, ability to solve verbal problems and recall basic facts. Data suggest that reflective students obtain better…

Technical Mathematics: Restructure of Technical Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Flannery, Carol A.

Designed to accompany a series of videotapes, this textbook provides information, examples, problems, and solutions relating to mathematics and its applications in technical fields. Chapter I deals with basic arithmetic, providing information on fractions, decimals, ratios, proportions, percentages, and order of operations. Chapter II focuses on…

Mathematics Content Coverage and Student Learning in Kindergarten

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Engel, Mimi; Claessens, Amy; Watts, Tyler; Farkas, George

2016-01-01

Analyzing data from two nationally representative kindergarten cohorts, we examine the mathematics content teachers cover in kindergarten. We expand upon prior research, finding that kindergarten teachers report emphasizing basic mathematics content. Although teachers reported increased coverage of advanced content between the 1998-1999 and…

Formalization, equivalence and generalization of basic resonance electrical circuits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Penev, Dimitar; Arnaudov, Dimitar; Hinov, Nikolay

2017-12-01

In the work are presented basic resonance circuits, which are used in resonance energy converters. The following resonant circuits are considered: serial, serial with parallel load parallel capacitor, parallel and parallel with serial loaded inductance. For the circuits under consideration, expressions are generated for the frequencies of own oscillations and for the equivalence of the active power emitted in the load. Mathematical expressions are graphically constructed and verified using computer simulations. The results obtained are used in the model based design of resonant energy converters with DC or AC output. This guaranteed the output indicators of power electronic devices.

Galactic chemical evolution and nucleocosmochronology - Standard model with terminated infall

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clayton, D. D.

1984-01-01

Some exactly soluble families of models for the chemical evolution of the Galaxy are presented. The parameters considered include gas mass, the age-metallicity relation, the star mass vs. metallicity, the age distribution, and the mean age of dwarfs. A short BASIC program for calculating these parameters is given. The calculation of metallicity gradients, nuclear cosmochronology, and extinct radioactivities is addressed. An especially simple, mathematically linear model is recommended as a standard model of galaxies with truncated infall due to its internal consistency and compact display of the physical effects of the parameters.

Mathematics Course Requirements and Performance Levels in the Navy's Basic Electricity and Electronics Schools. Technical Report, March 1980-December 1980.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Baker, Meryl S.

Instructors in the Navy's Basic Electricity and Electronics (BE/E) schools were presented with a list of 70 mathematical skills and asked to indicate: (1) how important they were to successful BE/E school performance, and (2) whether they were prerequisite, reviewed, or taught in the schools. Also, they were asked to state the number and type of…

The NIE Conference on Basic Mathematical Skills and Learning (Euclid, Ohio, October 4-6, 1975). Volume II; Reports from the Working Groups.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Inst. of Education (DHEW), Washington, DC.

In October 1975 a conference was convened in Euclid, Ohio, by the Basic Skills group of the National Institute of Education (NIE). Position papers presented by the 33 participants and status reports from 11 agencies involved in mathematics education were received and analyzed. On the basis of this analysis, four topics were identified as issues…

Waterworks Operator Training Manual.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Missouri Univ., Columbia. Instructional Materials Lab.

Sixteen self-study waterworks operators training modules are provided. Module titles are the following: basic mathematics, basic chemistry, analysis procedures, microbiology, basic electricity, hydraulics, chlorination, plant operation, surface water, ground water, pumps, cross connections, distribution systems, safety, public relations, and…

Cell-oriented modeling of angiogenesis.

PubMed

Guidolin, Diego; Rebuffat, Piera; Albertin, Giovanna

2011-01-01

Due to its significant involvement in various physiological and pathological conditions, angiogenesis (the development of new blood vessels from an existing vasculature) represents an important area of the actual biological research and a field in which mathematical modeling proved particularly useful in supporting the experimental work. In this paper, we focus on a specific modeling strategy, known as "cell-centered" approach. This type of mathematical models work at a "mesoscopic scale," assuming the cell as the natural level of abstraction for computational modeling of development. They treat cells phenomenologically, considering their essential behaviors to study how tissue structure and organization emerge from the collective dynamics of multiple cells. The main contributions of the cell-oriented approach to the study of the angiogenic process will be described. From one side, they have generated "basic science understanding" about the process of capillary assembly during development, growth, and pathology. On the other side, models were also developed supporting "applied biomedical research" for the purpose of identifying new therapeutic targets and clinically relevant approaches for either inhibiting or stimulating angiogenesis.

Optimal design of the rotor geometry of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motor using the bat algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knypiński, Łukasz

2017-12-01

In this paper an algorithm for the optimization of excitation system of line-start permanent magnet synchronous motors will be presented. For the basis of this algorithm, software was developed in the Borland Delphi environment. The software consists of two independent modules: an optimization solver, and a module including the mathematical model of a synchronous motor with a self-start ability. The optimization module contains the bat algorithm procedure. The mathematical model of the motor has been developed in an Ansys Maxwell environment. In order to determine the functional parameters of the motor, additional scripts in Visual Basic language were developed. Selected results of the optimization calculation are presented and compared with results for the particle swarm optimization algorithm.

How to mathematically optimize drug regimens using optimal control.

PubMed

Moore, Helen

2018-02-01

This article gives an overview of a technique called optimal control, which is used to optimize real-world quantities represented by mathematical models. I include background information about the historical development of the technique and applications in a variety of fields. The main focus here is the application to diseases and therapies, particularly the optimization of combination therapies, and I highlight several such examples. I also describe the basic theory of optimal control, and illustrate each of the steps with an example that optimizes the doses in a combination regimen for leukemia. References are provided for more complex cases. The article is aimed at modelers working in drug development, who have not used optimal control previously. My goal is to make this technique more accessible in the biopharma community.

Mathematics Programming on the Apple II and IBM PC.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Myers, Roy E.; Schneider, David I.

1987-01-01

Details the features of BASIC used in mathematics programming and provides the information needed to translate between the Apple II and IBM PC computers. Discusses inputing a user-defined function, setting scroll windows, displaying subscripts and exponents, variable names, mathematical characters and special symbols. (TW)

Core Skills Assessment to Improve Mathematical Competency

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, Michael; Bowe, Brian; Ní Fhloinn, Eabhnat

2013-01-01

Many engineering undergraduates begin third-level education with significant deficiencies in their core mathematical skills. Every year, in the Dublin Institute of Technology, a diagnostic test is given to incoming first-year students, consistently revealing problems in basic mathematics. It is difficult to motivate students to address these…

Diagnostic Testing in Mathematics: An Extension of the PIAT?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Algozzine, Bob; McGraw, Karen

1980-01-01

The article addresses the usefulness of the Peabody Individual Achievement Test (PIAT) in assessing various levels of arithmetic performance. The mathematics subtest of the PIAT is considered in terms of purpose; mathematical abilities subsections (foundations, basic facts, applications); diagnostic testing (the error analysis matrix); and poor…

Modeling the Epidemiology of Cholera to Prevent Disease Transmission in Developing Countries

PubMed Central

MUKANDAVIRE, ZINDOGA; MORRIS, J. GLENN

2015-01-01

Cholera remains an important global cause of morbidity and mortality, which is capable of causing periodic epidemic disease. A number of mathematical models have been developed to help in understanding the dynamics of cholera outbreaks and for use as a tool in planning interventions, including vaccination campaigns. We have explored the utility of models in assessing the spread of cholera in the recent epidemics in Zimbabwe and Haiti. In both instances, a mathematical model was formulated and fitted to cumulative cholera cases to estimate the basic reproductive number ℜ0, and the partial reproductive numbers reflecting potential differences in environmental-to-human versus human-to-human transmission were quantified. In Zimbabwe, estimated ℜ0 for the epidemic using aggregated data at the national level was 1.15; in Haiti, it was 1.55. However, when calculated at a provincial/departmental level, estimated basic reproductive numbers were highly heterogeneous, with a range of 1.11 to 2.72 in Zimbabwe and 1.06 to 2.63 in Haiti. Our models suggest that the underlying patterns of cholera transmission varied widely from region to region, with a corresponding variation in the amenability of outbreaks to control measures such as immunization. These data underscore the heterogeneity of transmission dynamics, potentially linked to differences in environment, socio-economic conditions, and cultural practices. They also highlight the potential utility of these types of models in guiding development of public health intervention strategies. PMID:26185087

Updating the limit efficiency of silicon solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wolf, M.

1979-01-01

Evaluation of the limit efficiency based on the simplest, most basic mathematical method that is appropriate for the conditions imposed by the cell model is discussed. The methodology, the solar cell structure, and the selection of the material parameters used in the evaluation are described. The results are discussed including a set of design goals derived from the limit efficiency.

Proposing a Model Assessment and Intervention Program for Learning Disabled Adolescents in a Typical School Population.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Currie, Winifred

Reported are results of screening over 1,000 eighth or ninth grade students for learning disabilities, and suggested is an intervention program utilizing available local resources. The Currie-Milonas Screening Test is described as consisting of eight subtests to identify problems in the basic skills of reading, writing, language, or mathematics.…

Teaching Early Knowledge of Whole Number Concepts through Technology: Findings from a Feasibility Study of an iPad Delivered Kindergarten Mathematics Intervention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shanley, Lina; Cary, Mari Strand; Clarke, Ben; Jungjohann, Kathy

2013-01-01

Children enter kindergarten with variable levels of mathematics skill and knowledge gained from informal learning opportunities at home, preschool, and daycare. Many perform well once they receive formal mathematics instruction. However, if students do not develop an initial understanding of the most basic aspects of formal mathematics, they are…

Gender Difference in Mathematics Achievement and Its Relation with Reading Comprehension of Children at Upper Primary Stage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Anjum, Sabahat

2015-01-01

The progress and prosperity of a country depends on the quality of mathematics taught in its school system. For people to survive and improve the quality of life, basic learning skills, reading, writing, arithmetic and life skills, are necessary and mathematics education is intended to develop these skills. The importance of mathematics transcends…

An Examination of the Levels of Cognitive Demand Required by Probability Tasks in Middle Grades Mathematics Textbooks

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Dustin L.; Tarr, James E.

2007-01-01

We analyze probability content within middle grades (6, 7, and 8) mathematics textbooks from a historical perspective. Two series, one popular and the other alternative, from four recent eras of mathematics education (New Math, Back to Basics, Problem Solving, and Standards) were analyzed using the Mathematical Tasks Framework (Stein, Smith,…

Characteristics and Impact of the Further Mathematics Knowledge Networks: Analysis of an English Professional Development Initiative on the Teaching of Advanced Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ruthven, Kenneth

2014-01-01

Reports from 13 Further Mathematics Knowledge Networks supported by the National Centre for Excellence in the Teaching of Mathematics [NCETM] are analysed. After summarizing basic characteristics of the networks regarding leadership, composition and pattern of activity, each of the following aspects is examined in greater depth: Developmental aims…

Study on the Mathematical Model of Dielectric Recovery Characteristics in High Voltage SF6 Circuit Breaker

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Xin; Wang, Feiming; Xu, Jianyuan; Xia, Yalong; Liu, Weidong

2016-03-01

According to the stream theory, this paper proposes a mathematical model of the dielectric recovery characteristic based on the two-temperature ionization equilibrium equation. Taking the dynamic variation of charged particle's ionization and attachment into account, this model can be used in collaboration with the Coulomb collision model, which gives the relationship of the heavy particle temperature and electron temperature to calculate the electron density and temperature under different pressure and electric field conditions, so as to deliver the breakdown electric field strength under different pressure conditions. Meanwhile an experiment loop of the circuit breaker has been built to measure the breakdown voltage. It is shown that calculated results are in conformity with experiment results on the whole while results based on the stream criterion are larger than experiment results. This indicates that the mathematical model proposed here is more accurate for calculating the dielectric recovery characteristic, it is derived from the stream model with some improvement and refinement and has great significance for increasing the simulation accuracy of circuit breaker's interruption characteristic. supported by Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. GY17201200063), National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 51277123), Basic Research Project of Liaoning Key Laboratory of Education Department (LZ2015055)

Balancing reliability and cost to choose the best power subsystem

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Suich, Ronald C.; Patterson, Richard L.

1991-01-01

A mathematical model is presented for computing total (spacecraft) subsystem cost including both the basic subsystem cost and the expected cost due to the failure of the subsystem. This model is then used to determine power subsystem cost as a function of reliability and redundancy. Minimum cost and maximum reliability and/or redundancy are not generally equivalent. Two example cases are presented. One is a small satellite, and the other is an interplanetary spacecraft.

Linking mathematics with engineering applications at an early stage - implementation, experimental set-up and evaluation of a pilot project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rooch, Aeneas; Junker, Philipp; Härterich, Jörg; Hackl, Klaus

2016-03-01

Too difficult, too abstract, too theoretical - many first-year engineering students complain about their mathematics courses. The project MathePraxis aims to resolve this disaffection. It links mathematical methods as they are taught in the first semesters with practical problems from engineering applications - and thereby shall give first-year engineering students a vivid and convincing impression of where they will need mathematics in their later working life. But since real applications usually require more than basic mathematics and first-year engineering students typically are not experienced with construction, mensuration and the use of engineering software, such an approach is hard to realise. In this article, we show that it is possible. We report on the implementation of MathePraxis at Ruhr-Universität Bochum. We describe the set-up and the implementation of a course on designing a mass damper which combines basic mathematical techniques with an impressive experiment. In an accompanying evaluation, we have examined the students' motivation relating to mathematics. This opens up new perspectives how to address the need for a more practically oriented mathematical education in engineering sciences.

Mathematical Model for Dengue Epidemics with Differential Susceptibility and Asymptomatic Patients Using Computer Algebra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saldarriaga Vargas, Clarita

When there are diseases affecting large populations where the social, economic and cultural diversity is significant within the same region, the biological parameters that determine the behavior of the dispersion disease analysis are affected by the selection of different individuals. Therefore and because of the variety and magnitude of the communities at risk of contracting dengue disease around all over the world, suggest defining differentiated populations with individual contributions in the results of the dispersion dengue disease analysis. In this paper those conditions were taken in account when several epidemiologic models were analyzed. Initially a stability analysis was done for a SEIR mathematical model of Dengue disease without differential susceptibility. Both free disease and endemic equilibrium states were found in terms of the basic reproduction number and were defined in the Theorem (3.1). Then a DSEIR model was solved when a new susceptible group was introduced to consider the effects of important biological parameters of non-homogeneous populations in the spreading analysis. The results were compiled in the Theorem (3.2). Finally Theorems (3.3) and (3.4) resumed the basic reproduction numbers for three and n different susceptible groups respectively, giving an idea of how differential susceptibility affects the equilibrium states. The computations were done using an algorithmic method implemented in Maple 11, a general-purpose computer algebra system.

14 CFR 147.23 - Instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate... mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects...

14 CFR 147.23 - Instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate... mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects...

14 CFR 147.23 - Instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate... mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects...

14 CFR 147.23 - Instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate... mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects...

14 CFR 147.23 - Instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to provide adequate... mechanics, to teach mathematics, physics, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, drawing, and similar subjects...

Heuristic and algorithmic processing in English, mathematics, and science education.

PubMed

Sharps, Matthew J; Hess, Adam B; Price-Sharps, Jana L; Teh, Jane

2008-01-01

Many college students experience difficulties in basic academic skills. Recent research suggests that much of this difficulty may lie in heuristic competency--the ability to use and successfully manage general cognitive strategies. In the present study, the authors evaluated this possibility. They compared participants' performance on a practice California Basic Educational Skills Test and on a series of questions in the natural sciences with heuristic and algorithmic performance on a series of mathematics and reading comprehension exercises. Heuristic competency in mathematics was associated with better scores in science and mathematics. Verbal and algorithmic skills were associated with better reading comprehension. These results indicate the importance of including heuristic training in educational contexts and highlight the importance of a relatively domain-specific approach to questions of cognition in higher education.

Mathematical foundations of biomechanics.

PubMed

Niederer, Peter F

2010-01-01

The aim of biomechanics is the analysis of the structure and function of humans, animals, and plants by means of the methods of mechanics. Its foundations are in particular embedded in mathematics, physics, and informatics. Due to the inherent multidisciplinary character deriving from its aim, biomechanics has numerous connections and overlapping areas with biology, biochemistry, physiology, and pathophysiology, along with clinical medicine, so its range is enormously wide. This treatise is mainly meant to serve as an introduction and overview for readers and students who intend to acquire a basic understanding of the mathematical principles and mechanics that constitute the foundation of biomechanics; accordingly, its contents are limited to basic theoretical principles of general validity and long-range significance. Selected examples are included that are representative for the problems treated in biomechanics. Although ultimate mathematical generality is not in the foreground, an attempt is made to derive the theory from basic principles. A concise and systematic formulation is thereby intended with the aim that the reader is provided with a working knowledge. It is assumed that he or she is familiar with the principles of calculus, vector analysis, and linear algebra.

Shop Math for the Metal Trades. Combination Welder Apprentice, Machinist Helper, Precision Metal Finisher, Sheet Metal Worker Apprentice. A Report on Metal Trades Industry Certified, Single-Concept, Mathematical Learning Projects to Eliminate Student Math Fears.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Newton, Lawrence R.

This project (1) identifies basic and functional mathematics skills (shop mathematics skills), (2) provides pretests on these functional mathematics skills, and (3) provides student learning projects (project sheets) that prepare metal trades students to read, understand, and apply mathematics and measuring skills that meet entry-level job…

Mathematical models for predicting human mobility in the context of infectious disease spread: introducing the impedance model.

PubMed

Sallah, Kankoé; Giorgi, Roch; Bengtsson, Linus; Lu, Xin; Wetter, Erik; Adrien, Paul; Rebaudet, Stanislas; Piarroux, Renaud; Gaudart, Jean

2017-11-22

Mathematical models of human mobility have demonstrated a great potential for infectious disease epidemiology in contexts of data scarcity. While the commonly used gravity model involves parameter tuning and is thus difficult to implement without reference data, the more recent radiation model based on population densities is parameter-free, but biased. In this study we introduce the new impedance model, by analogy with electricity. Previous research has compared models on the basis of a few specific available spatial patterns. In this study, we use a systematic simulation-based approach to assess the performances. Five hundred spatial patterns were generated using various area sizes and location coordinates. Model performances were evaluated based on these patterns. For simulated data, comparison measures were average root mean square error (aRMSE) and bias criteria. Modeling of the 2010 Haiti cholera epidemic with a basic susceptible-infected-recovered (SIR) framework allowed an empirical evaluation through assessing the goodness-of-fit of the observed epidemic curve. The new, parameter-free impedance model outperformed previous models on simulated data according to average aRMSE and bias criteria. The impedance model achieved better performances with heterogeneous population densities and small destination populations. As a proof of concept, the basic compartmental SIR framework was used to confirm the results obtained with the impedance model in predicting the spread of cholera in Haiti in 2010. The proposed new impedance model provides accurate estimations of human mobility, especially when the population distribution is highly heterogeneous. This model can therefore help to achieve more accurate predictions of disease spread in the context of an epidemic.

The Inclusion of Numeracy in Adult Basic Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tout, Dave; Schmitt, Mary Jane

2002-01-01

In their chapter on numeracy, the authors begin by exploring the many terms used to describe the learning of mathematics by adults. They discuss the relationship between the terms "mathematics" and "numeracy" and explain why numeracy--making meaning with numbers and mathematical processes--is the term they chose for their…

The Development of the Mathematical Mind.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scott, Judith

1995-01-01

Draws parallels between Montessori's mathematical curriculum and the evolution of numbers and counting. Suggests that children share with ancient Sumerians a basic human tendency to develop "the mathematical mind." Argues that children do not need to be surrounded by math; rather, the classroom must supply them with the means to explore…

Integration of CAI into a Freshmen Liberal Arts Math Course in the Community College.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCall, Michael B.; Holton, Jean L.

1982-01-01

Discusses four computer-assisted-instruction programs used in a college-level mathematics course to introduce computer literacy and improve mathematical skills. The BASIC programs include polynomial functions, trigonometric functions, matrix algebra, and differential calculus. Each program discusses mathematics theory and introduces programming…

Learning To Program in BASIC through the Use of Graphics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connor, Timothy J.

Many organizations and experts in the field of mathematics education have recommended the inclusion of technology and, more specifically, computer programing within the course of study for the teaching of school mathematics. The incorporation of these recommendations with respect to the teaching of remedial mathematics poses a problem, since…

Student Comprehension of Mathematics through Astronomy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Search, Robert

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to examine how knowledge of astronomy can enhance college-level learning situations involving mathematics. The fundamental symbiosis between mathematics and astronomy was established early in the 17th century when Johannes Kepler deduced the 3 basic laws of planetary motion. This mutually harmonious relationship…

Mathematics Diagnostic Testing in Engineering: An International Comparison between Ireland and Portugal

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Carr, M.; Fidalgo, C.; Bigotte de Almeida, M. E.; Branco, J. R.; Santos, V.; Murphy, E.; Ní Fhloinn, E.

2015-01-01

Concern has been expressed throughout Europe about the significant deficiencies in the basic mathematical skills of many engineering undergraduates. Mathematics diagnostic tests in the UK, Ireland and Portugal have shown these shortcomings, which provide a challenge to those striving to introduce more innovative educational practices into…

Keystone Method: A Learning Paradigm in Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siadat, M. Vali; Musial, Paul M.; Sagher, Yoram

2008-01-01

This study reports the effects of an integrated instructional program (the Keystone Method) on the students' performance in mathematics and reading, and tracks students' persistence and retention. The subject of the study was a large group of students in remedial mathematics classes at the college, willing to learn but lacking basic educational…

The Australian Mathematics Curriculum: A Move Forward or Back to the Future?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Atweh, Bill; Goos, Merrilyn

2011-01-01

The release of the "Australian curriculum: Mathematics" has generated considerable debate in the education community. Some educators warn that this debate has centred on mathematical content and skills, setting the conditions for a "back to basics" movement in line with the political rhetoric that accompanied the national…

Research in progress in applied mathematics, numerical analysis, and computer science

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

Research conducted at the Institute in Science and Engineering in applied mathematics, numerical analysis, and computer science is summarized. The Institute conducts unclassified basic research in applied mathematics in order to extend and improve problem solving capabilities in science and engineering, particularly in aeronautics and space.

The Money Context

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tabach, Michal; Friedlander, Alex

2009-01-01

One of the basic disagreements in mathematics education concerns the roles that rules and procedures, on the one hand, and concepts and principles, on the other hand, should play in students' learning of mathematics. The use of procedures and an understanding of concepts are considered to be two separate aspects of mathematical activity.…

Music Training and Mathematics Achievement.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cheek, Joyce M.; Smith, Lyle R.

1999-01-01

Iowa Tests of Basic Skills (ITBS) mathematics scores of eighth graders who had received music instruction were compared according to whether the students were given private lessons. Analyses indicate that students who had private lessons for two or more years performed significantly better on the composite mathematics portion of the ITBS than did…

Video Based Developmental Mathematics Learning System For Community College Students.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gormley, Tyrone D.

The University of Maine at Augusta uses an individualized video-taped mathematics instructional system to eliminate students' math weaknesses before they attempt college math. The course, "1 Mth Developmental Mathematics," is part of the Educational Assistance Program and teaches basic skills and concepts of arithmetic and algebra. The…

The Discovery Approach to Mathematics.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Lois Fair

Summarized are presentations made at a one-day teachers' workshop organized by the Bicultural Socialization Project to discuss the materials to be used in mathematics learning centers in the project classrooms. The first chapter discusses the basic philosophy, whereby pupils are to be encouraged to enjoy the discovery of mathematical relationships…

Upgrading geometry conceptual understanding and strategic competence through implementing rigorous mathematical thinking (RMT)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nugraheni, Z.; Budiyono, B.; Slamet, I.

2018-03-01

To reach higher order thinking skill, needed to be mastered the conceptual understanding and strategic competence as they are two basic parts of high order thinking skill (HOTS). RMT is a unique realization of the cognitive conceptual construction approach based on Feurstein with his theory of Mediated Learning Experience (MLE) and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. This was quasi-experimental research which compared the experimental class that was given Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT) as learning method and the control class that was given Direct Learning (DL) as the conventional learning activity. This study examined whether there was different effect of two learning model toward conceptual understanding and strategic competence of Junior High School Students. The data was analyzed by using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA) and obtained a significant difference between experimental and control class when considered jointly on the mathematics conceptual understanding and strategic competence (shown by Wilk’s Λ = 0.84). Further, by independent t-test is known that there was significant difference between two classes both on mathematical conceptual understanding and strategic competence. By this result is known that Rigorous Mathematical Thinking (RMT) had positive impact toward Mathematics conceptual understanding and strategic competence.

Unsteady flow model for circulation-control airfoils

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rao, B. M.

1979-01-01

An analysis and a numerical lifting surface method are developed for predicting the unsteady airloads on two-dimensional circulation control airfoils in incompressible flow. The analysis and the computer program are validated by correlating the computed unsteady airloads with test data and also with other theoretical solutions. Additionally, a mathematical model for predicting the bending-torsion flutter of a two-dimensional airfoil (a reference section of a wing or rotor blade) and a computer program using an iterative scheme are developed. The flutter program has a provision for using the CC airfoil airloads program or the Theodorsen hard flap solution to compute the unsteady lift and moment used in the flutter equations. The adopted mathematical model and the iterative scheme are used to perform a flutter analysis of a typical CC rotor blade reference section. The program seems to work well within the basic assumption of the incompressible flow.

Mathematical modeling in chronobiology.

PubMed

Bordyugov, G; Westermark, P O; Korenčič, A; Bernard, S; Herzel, H

2013-01-01

Circadian clocks are autonomous oscillators entrained by external Zeitgebers such as light-dark and temperature cycles. On the cellular level, rhythms are generated by negative transcriptional feedback loops. In mammals, the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) in the anterior part of the hypothalamus plays the role of the central circadian pacemaker. Coupling between individual neurons in the SCN leads to precise self-sustained oscillations even in the absence of external signals. These neuronal rhythms orchestrate the phasing of circadian oscillations in peripheral organs. Altogether, the mammalian circadian system can be regarded as a network of coupled oscillators. In order to understand the dynamic complexity of these rhythms, mathematical models successfully complement experimental investigations. Here we discuss basic ideas of modeling on three different levels (1) rhythm generation in single cells by delayed negative feedbacks, (2) synchronization of cells via external stimuli or cell-cell coupling, and (3) optimization of chronotherapy.

Preventing Superinfection in Malaria Spreads with Repellent and Medical Treatment Policy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fitri, Fanny; Aldila, Dipo

2018-03-01

Malaria is a kind of a vector-borne disease. That means this disease needs a vector (in this case, the anopheles mosquito) to spread. In this article, a mathematical model for malaria disease spread will be discussed. The model is constructed as a seven-dimensional of a non-linear ordinary differential equation. The interventions of treatment for infected humans and use of repellent are included in the model to see how these interventions could be considered as alternative ways to control the spread of malaria. Analysis will be made of the disease-free equilibrium point along with its local stability criteria, construction of the next generation matrix which followed with the sensitivity analysis of basic reproduction number. We found that both medical treatment and repellent intervention succeeded in reducing the basic reproduction number as the endemic indicator of the model. Finally, some numerical simulations are given to give a better interpretation of the analytical results.

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

14 CFR 147.36 - Maintenance of instructor requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... holding appropriate mechanic certificates and ratings that the Administrator determines necessary to... certificated mechanics to teach mathematics, physics, drawing, basic electricity, basic hydraulics, and similar...

Benefits of detailed models of muscle activation and mechanics

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lehman, S. L.; Stark, L.

1981-01-01

Recent biophysical and physiological studies identified some of the detailed mechanisms involved in excitation-contraction coupling, muscle contraction, and deactivation. Mathematical models incorporating these mechanisms allow independent estimates of key parameters, direct interplay between basic muscle research and the study of motor control, and realistic model behaviors, some of which are not accessible to previous, simpler, models. The existence of previously unmodeled behaviors has important implications for strategies of motor control and identification of neural signals. New developments in the analysis of differential equations make the more detailed models feasible for simulation in realistic experimental situations.

Petri net modelling of biological networks.

PubMed

Chaouiya, Claudine

2007-07-01

Mathematical modelling is increasingly used to get insights into the functioning of complex biological networks. In this context, Petri nets (PNs) have recently emerged as a promising tool among the various methods employed for the modelling and analysis of molecular networks. PNs come with a series of extensions, which allow different abstraction levels, from purely qualitative to more complex quantitative models. Noteworthily, each of these models preserves the underlying graph, which depicts the interactions between the biological components. This article intends to present the basics of the approach and to foster the potential role PNs could play in the development of the computational systems biology.

Measuring Mathematical Ability Needed for "Non-Mathematical" Majors: The Construction of a Scale Applying IRT and Differential Item Functioning across Educational Contexts

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Galli, Silvia; Chiesi, Francesca; Primi, Caterina

2011-01-01

Given that basic mathematical ability is a requirement to succeed in "non-mathematical" majors, e.g. degrees for Psychology, Education, and Health Sciences with compulsory introductory stats courses, assessing this ability can be useful to promote achievement. The aim of the present study was to develop a scale to measure the…

Learning Mathematics or Losing Money--Betting as a Topic for Mathematical Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Siller, Hans-Stefan; MaaB, Jurgen

2012-01-01

No risk, no fun--betting on sports events costs the gamblers a lot of money and brings excellent profits to those who offer the bets. Among the people who bet on a regular basis, the proportion of young adults is frighteningly high. We now suggest a concept (as part of a basic mathematics course) for acquiring the necessary mathematical knowledge…

Multiscale mathematical modeling of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis.

PubMed

Clément, Frédérique

2016-07-01

Although the fields of systems and integrative biology are in full expansion, few teams are involved worldwide into the study of reproductive function from the mathematical modeling viewpoint. This may be due to the fact that the reproductive function is not compulsory for individual organism survival, even if it is for species survival. Alternatively, the complexity of reproductive physiology may be discouraging. Indeed, the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis involves not only several organs and tissues but also intricate time (from the neuronal millisecond timescale to circannual rhythmicity) and space (from molecules to organs) scales. Yet, mathematical modeling, and especially multiscale modeling, can renew our approaches of the molecular, cellular, and physiological processes underlying the control of reproductive functions. In turn, the remarkable dynamic features exhibited by the HPG axis raise intriguing and challenging questions to modelers and applied mathematicians. In this article, we draw a panoramic review of some mathematical models designed in the framework of the female HPG, with a special focus on the gonadal and central control of follicular development. On the gonadal side, the modeling of follicular development calls to the generic formalism of structured cell populations, that allows one to make mechanistic links between the control of cell fate (proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis) and that of the follicle fate (ovulation or degeneration) or to investigate how the functional interactions between the oocyte and its surrounding cells shape the follicle morphogenesis. On the central, mainly hypothalamic side, models based on dynamical systems with multiple timescales allow one to represent within a single framework both the pulsatile and surge patterns of the neurohormone GnRH. Beyond their interest in basic research investigations, mathematical models can also be at the source of useful tools to study the encoding and decoding of the (neuro-) hormonal signals at play within the HPG axis and detect complex, possibly hidden rhythms, in experimental time series. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Qualitative analysis of a stochastic epidemic model with specific functional response and temporary immunity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hattaf, Khalid; Mahrouf, Marouane; Adnani, Jihad; Yousfi, Noura

2018-01-01

In this paper, we propose a stochastic delayed epidemic model with specific functional response. The time delay represents temporary immunity period, i.e., time from recovery to becoming susceptible again. We first show that the proposed model is mathematically and biologically well-posed. Moreover, the extinction of the disease and the persistence in the mean are established in the terms of a threshold value R0S which is smaller than the basic reproduction number R0 of the corresponding deterministic system.

Basic BASIC; An Introduction to Computer Programming in BASIC Language.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Coan, James S.

With the increasing availability of computer access through remote terminals and time sharing, more and more schools and colleges are able to introduce programing to substantial numbers of students. This book is an attempt to incorporate computer programming, using BASIC language, and the teaching of mathematics. The general approach of the book…

Transport of reacting solutes in porous media: Relation between mathematical nature of problem formulation and chemical nature of reactions

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rubin, Jacob

1983-01-01

Examples involving six broad reaction classes show that the nature of transport-affecting chemistry may have a profound effect on the mathematical character of solute transport problem formulation. Substantive mathematical diversity among such formulations is brought about principally by reaction properties that determine whether (1) the reaction can be regarded as being controlled by local chemical equilibria or whether it must be considered as being controlled by kinetics, (2) the reaction is homogeneous or heterogeneous, (3) the reaction is a surface reaction (adsorption, ion exchange) or one of the reactions of classical chemistry (e.g., precipitation, dissolution, oxidation, reduction, complex formation). These properties, as well as the choice of means to describe them, stipulate, for instance, (1) the type of chemical entities for which a formulation's basic, mass-balance equations should be written; (2) the nature of mathematical transformations needed to change the problem's basic equations into operational ones. These and other influences determine such mathematical features of problem formulations as the nature of the operational transport-equation system (e.g., whether it involves algebraic, partial-differential, or integro-partial-differential simultaneous equations), the type of nonlinearities of such a system, and the character of the boundaries (e.g., whether they are stationary or moving). Exploration of the reasons for the dependence of transport mathematics on transport chemistry suggests that many results of this dependence stem from the basic properties of the reactions' chemical-relation (i.e., equilibrium or rate) equations.

Computing Mass Properties From AutoCAD

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jones, A.

1990-01-01

Mass properties of structures computed from data in drawings. AutoCAD to Mass Properties (ACTOMP) computer program developed to facilitate quick calculations of mass properties of structures containing many simple elements in such complex configurations as trusses or sheet-metal containers. Mathematically modeled in AutoCAD or compatible computer-aided design (CAD) system in minutes by use of three-dimensional elements. Written in Microsoft Quick-Basic (Version 2.0).

Deorbit targeting

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tempelman, W. H.

1973-01-01

The navigation and control of the space shuttle during atmospheric entry are discussed. A functional flow diagram presenting the basic approach to the deorbit targeting problem is presented. The major inputs to be considered are: (1) vehicle state vector, (2) landing site location, (3) entry interface parameters, (4) earliest desired time of landing, and (5) maximum cross range. Mathematical models of the navigational procedures based on controlled thrust times are developed.

A Model for Assessing and Meeting Needs in Instructional Computing: Procedures and Results of a Multi-State Needs Assessment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roblyer, M. D., Ed.

The Appalachia Educational Laboratory (AEL) conducted an assessment of microcomputer-related needs for basic mathematics in the four-state areas of Kentucky, Tennessee, Virginia, and West Virginia in 1984-85. The primary input came from teachers from each of the states who participated in a needs conference in their home state. When each of the…

Some basic mathematical methods of diffusion theory. [emphasis on atmospheric applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Giere, A. C.

1977-01-01

An introductory treatment of the fundamentals of diffusion theory is presented, starting with molecular diffusion and leading up to the statistical methods of turbulent diffusion. A multilayer diffusion model, designed to permit concentration and dosage calculations downwind of toxic clouds from rocket vehicles, is described. The concepts and equations of diffusion are developed on an elementary level, with emphasis on atmospheric applications.

That Figures. A Mathematics Resource Package for Intermediate Grades. Revised.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hintz, Marilyn; Ziegler, Jerry

This resource package deals with elementary level mathematics in daily living, substituting newspapers as a refreshing change from mathematics texts. A total of 40 exercises are intended to provide review and reinforcement for skills previously taught in formal lessons. Skill or concept areas included are: reading large numbers; basic operations;…

School Mathematics as a Creative Enterprise

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sternberg, Robert J.

2017-01-01

In this article, I discuss how teaching of mathematics can develop and encourage creative thinking, not only in mathematics, but also in general. I begin by discussing creativity as a habit that teachers can help students develop. Then I briefly present the investment theory of creativity. The basic idea of the investment theory is that creative…

Mathematics and Structural Learning. Final Report.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scandura, Joseph M.

This report contains four papers describing research based on the view of mathematical knowledge as a hierarchy of "rules." The first paper: "The Role of Rules in Behavior" was abstracted in ED 040 036 (October 1970). The second paper: "A Theory of Mathematical Knowledge" defends the thesis that rules are the basic building blocks of mathematical…

Reflective Learning and Prospective Teachers' Conceptual Understanding, Critical Thinking, Problem Solving, and Mathematical Communication Skills

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Junsay, Merle L.

2016-01-01

This is a quasi-experimental study that explored the effects of reflective learning on prospective teachers' conceptual understanding, critical thinking, problem solving, and mathematical communication skills and the relationship of these variables. It involved 60 prospective teachers from two basic mathematics classes of an institution of higher…

Increasing Mathematical Computation Skills for Students with Physical and Health Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Webb, Paula

2017-01-01

Students with physical and health disabilities struggle with basic mathematical concepts. The purpose of this research study was to increase the students' mathematical computation skills through implementing new strategies and/or methods. The strategies implemented with the students was utilizing the ten-frame tiles and technology with the purpose…

Meta-Analysis of Mathematic Basic-Fact Fluency Interventions: A Component Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Codding, Robin S.; Burns, Matthew K.; Lukito, Gracia

2011-01-01

Mathematics fluency is a critical component of mathematics learning yet few attempts have been made to synthesize this research base. Seventeen single-case design studies with 55 participants were reviewed using meta-analytic procedures. A component analysis of practice elements was conducted and treatment intensity and feasibility were examined.…

The Use of ICT in Kindergarten for Teaching Addition Based on Realistic Mathematics Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zaranis, Nicholas

2016-01-01

The purpose of this study is to investigate if information and communications technology (ICT) helps improve kindergarten students' basic mathematical achievement regarding addition. Our research compares the level of mathematical competence of the students taught using our ICT oriented learning method which specifically takes advantage of…

Pizzas, Pennies and Pumpkin Seeds: Mathematical Activities for Parents and Children.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Apelman, Maja; King, Julie

Children have many natural opportunities to learn about the basic aspects of quantity. This booklet is addressed to parents who want to support their children's mathematical growth. The activities presented suggest many ways in which parents and children can use mathematics in their environment. The activities are organized around common…

Workplace Mathematics. Modules 1 & 2. A Working Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farrell, Edward J.

This curriculum for mathematics is designed as a teachable curriculum directed toward workplace needs. It is intended to be workplace specific and to move the learner toward a full 12th-grade level attainment. The two modules in this curriculum are further divided into modules dealing with specific topics. The first module, Basic Mathematics,…

Dynamic pathway modeling of signal transduction networks: a domain-oriented approach.

PubMed

Conzelmann, Holger; Gilles, Ernst-Dieter

2008-01-01

Mathematical models of biological processes become more and more important in biology. The aim is a holistic understanding of how processes such as cellular communication, cell division, regulation, homeostasis, or adaptation work, how they are regulated, and how they react to perturbations. The great complexity of most of these processes necessitates the generation of mathematical models in order to address these questions. In this chapter we provide an introduction to basic principles of dynamic modeling and highlight both problems and chances of dynamic modeling in biology. The main focus will be on modeling of s transduction pathways, which requires the application of a special modeling approach. A common pattern, especially in eukaryotic signaling systems, is the formation of multi protein signaling complexes. Even for a small number of interacting proteins the number of distinguishable molecular species can be extremely high. This combinatorial complexity is due to the great number of distinct binding domains of many receptors and scaffold proteins involved in signal transduction. However, these problems can be overcome using a new domain-oriented modeling approach, which makes it possible to handle complex and branched signaling pathways.

The relationship between a deformation-based eddy parameterization and the LANS-α turbulence model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachman, Scott D.; Anstey, James A.; Zanna, Laure

2018-06-01

A recent class of ocean eddy parameterizations proposed by Porta Mana and Zanna (2014) and Anstey and Zanna (2017) modeled the large-scale flow as a non-Newtonian fluid whose subgridscale eddy stress is a nonlinear function of the deformation. This idea, while largely new to ocean modeling, has a history in turbulence modeling dating at least back to Rivlin (1957). The new class of parameterizations results in equations that resemble the Lagrangian-averaged Navier-Stokes-α model (LANS-α, e.g., Holm et al., 1998a). In this note we employ basic tensor mathematics to highlight the similarities between these turbulence models using component-free notation. We extend the Anstey and Zanna (2017) parameterization, which was originally presented in 2D, to 3D, and derive variants of this closure that arise when the full non-Newtonian stress tensor is used. Despite the mathematical similarities between the non-Newtonian and LANS-α models which might provide insight into numerical implementation, the input and dissipation of kinetic energy between these two turbulent models differ.

Mathematical model of organic substrate degradation in solid waste windrow composting.

PubMed

Seng, Bunrith; Kristanti, Risky Ayu; Hadibarata, Tony; Hirayama, Kimiaki; Katayama-Hirayama, Keiko; Kaneko, Hidehiro

2016-01-01

Organic solid waste composting is a complex process that involves many coupled physical, chemical and biological mechanisms. To understand this complexity and to ease in planning, design and management of the composting plant, mathematical model for simulation is usually applied. The aim of this paper is to develop a mathematical model of organic substrate degradation and its performance evaluation in solid waste windrow composting system. The present model is a biomass-dependent model, considering biological growth processes under the limitation of moisture, oxygen and substrate contents, and temperature. The main output of this model is substrate content which was divided into two categories: slowly and rapidly degradable substrates. To validate the model, it was applied to a laboratory scale windrow composting of a mixture of wood chips and dog food. The wastes were filled into a cylindrical reactor of 6 cm diameter and 1 m height. The simulation program was run for 3 weeks with 1 s stepwise. The simulated results were in reasonably good agreement with the experimental results. The MC and temperature of model simulation were found to be matched with those of experiment, but limited for rapidly degradable substrates. Under anaerobic zone, the degradation of rapidly degradable substrate needs to be incorporated into the model to achieve full simulation of a long period static pile composting. This model is a useful tool to estimate the changes of substrate content during composting period, and acts as a basic model for further development of a sophisticated model.

Applying multibeam sonar and mathematical modeling for mapping seabed substrate and biota of offshore shallows

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Herkül, Kristjan; Peterson, Anneliis; Paekivi, Sander

2017-06-01

Both basic science and marine spatial planning are in a need of high resolution spatially continuous data on seabed habitats and biota. As conventional point-wise sampling is unable to cover large spatial extents in high detail, it must be supplemented with remote sensing and modeling in order to fulfill the scientific and management needs. The combined use of in situ sampling, sonar scanning, and mathematical modeling is becoming the main method for mapping both abiotic and biotic seabed features. Further development and testing of the methods in varying locations and environmental settings is essential for moving towards unified and generally accepted methodology. To fill the relevant research gap in the Baltic Sea, we used multibeam sonar and mathematical modeling methods - generalized additive models (GAM) and random forest (RF) - together with underwater video to map seabed substrate and epibenthos of offshore shallows. In addition to testing the general applicability of the proposed complex of techniques, the predictive power of different sonar-based variables and modeling algorithms were tested. Mean depth, followed by mean backscatter, were the most influential variables in most of the models. Generally, mean values of sonar-based variables had higher predictive power than their standard deviations. The predictive accuracy of RF was higher than that of GAM. To conclude, we found the method to be feasible and with predictive accuracy similar to previous studies of sonar-based mapping.

The conceptual basis of mathematics in cardiology IV: statistics and model fitting.

PubMed

Bates, Jason H T; Sobel, Burton E

2003-06-01

This is the fourth in a series of four articles developed for the readers of Coronary Artery Disease. Without language ideas cannot be articulated. What may not be so immediately obvious is that they cannot be formulated either. One of the essential languages of cardiology is mathematics. Unfortunately, medical education does not emphasize, and in fact, often neglects empowering physicians to think mathematically. Reference to statistics, conditional probability, multicompartmental modeling, algebra, calculus and transforms is common but often without provision of genuine conceptual understanding. At the University of Vermont College of Medicine, Professor Bates developed a course designed to address these deficiencies. The course covered mathematical principles pertinent to clinical cardiovascular and pulmonary medicine and research. It focused on fundamental concepts to facilitate formulation and grasp of ideas. This series of four articles was developed to make the material available for a wider audience. The articles will be published sequentially in Coronary Artery Disease. Beginning with fundamental axioms and basic algebraic manipulations they address algebra, function and graph theory, real and complex numbers, calculus and differential equations, mathematical modeling, linear system theory and integral transforms and statistical theory. The principles and concepts they address provide the foundation needed for in-depth study of any of these topics. Perhaps of even more importance, they should empower cardiologists and cardiovascular researchers to utilize the language of mathematics in assessing the phenomena of immediate pertinence to diagnosis, pathophysiology and therapeutics. The presentations are interposed with queries (by Coronary Artery Disease abbreviated as CAD) simulating the nature of interactions that occurred during the course itself. Each article concludes with one or more examples illustrating application of the concepts covered to cardiovascular medicine and biology.

Encapsulation of brewing yeast in alginate/chitosan matrix: lab-scale optimization of lager beer fermentation.

PubMed

Naydenova, Vessela; Badova, Mariyana; Vassilev, Stoyan; Iliev, Vasil; Kaneva, Maria; Kostov, Georgi

2014-03-04

Two mathematical models were developed for studying the effect of main fermentation temperature ( T MF ), immobilized cell mass ( M IC ) and original wort extract (OE) on beer fermentation with alginate-chitosan microcapsules with a liquid core. During the experiments, the investigated parameters were varied in order to find the optimal conditions for beer fermentation with immobilized cells. The basic beer characteristics, i.e. extract, ethanol, biomass concentration, pH and colour, as well as the concentration of aldehydes and vicinal diketones, were measured. The results suggested that the process parameters represented a powerful tool in controlling the fermentation time. Subsequently, the optimized process parameters were used to produce beer in laboratory batch fermentation. The system productivity was also investigated and the data were used for the development of another mathematical model.

Encapsulation of brewing yeast in alginate/chitosan matrix: lab-scale optimization of lager beer fermentation

PubMed Central

Naydenova, Vessela; Badova, Mariyana; Vassilev, Stoyan; Iliev, Vasil; Kaneva, Maria; Kostov, Georgi

2014-01-01

Two mathematical models were developed for studying the effect of main fermentation temperature (T MF), immobilized cell mass (M IC) and original wort extract (OE) on beer fermentation with alginate-chitosan microcapsules with a liquid core. During the experiments, the investigated parameters were varied in order to find the optimal conditions for beer fermentation with immobilized cells. The basic beer characteristics, i.e. extract, ethanol, biomass concentration, pH and colour, as well as the concentration of aldehydes and vicinal diketones, were measured. The results suggested that the process parameters represented a powerful tool in controlling the fermentation time. Subsequently, the optimized process parameters were used to produce beer in laboratory batch fermentation. The system productivity was also investigated and the data were used for the development of another mathematical model. PMID:26019512

Faces of matrix models

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, A.

2012-08-01

Partition functions of eigenvalue matrix models possess a number of very different descriptions: as matrix integrals, as solutions to linear and nonlinear equations, as τ-functions of integrable hierarchies and as special-geometry prepotentials, as result of the action of W-operators and of various recursions on elementary input data, as gluing of certain elementary building blocks. All this explains the central role of such matrix models in modern mathematical physics: they provide the basic "special functions" to express the answers and relations between them, and they serve as a dream model of what one should try to achieve in any other field.

Study on the variable cycle engine modeling techniques based on the component method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Lihua; Xue, Hui; Bao, Yuhai; Li, Jijun; Yan, Lan

2016-01-01

Based on the structure platform of the gas turbine engine, the components of variable cycle engine were simulated by using the component method. The mathematical model of nonlinear equations correspondeing to each component of the gas turbine engine was established. Based on Matlab programming, the nonlinear equations were solved by using Newton-Raphson steady-state algorithm, and the performance of the components for engine was calculated. The numerical simulation results showed that the model bulit can describe the basic performance of the gas turbine engine, which verified the validity of the model.

Na/beta-alumina/NaAlCl4, Cl2/C circulating cell

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cherng, Jing-Yih; Bennion, Douglas N.

1987-01-01

A study was made of a high specific energy battery based on a sodium negative electrode and a chlorine positive electrode with molten AlCl3-NaCl electrolyte and a solid beta alumina separator. The basic performance of a Na beta-alumina NaAlCl4, Cl2/C circulating cell at 200 C was demonstrated. This cell can be started at 150 C. The use of melting sodium chloroaluminate electrolyte overcomes some of the material problems associated with the high working temperatures of present molten salt systems, such as Na/S and LiAl/FeS, and retains the advantages of high energy density and relatively efficient electrode processes. Preliminary investigations were conducted on a sodium-chlorine static cell, material compability, electrode design, wetting, and theoretical calculations to assure a better chance of success before assembling a Na/Cl2 circulating cell. Mathematical models provide a theoretical explanation for the performance of the NaCl2 battery. The results of mathematical models match the experimental results very well. According to the result of the mathematical modeling, an output at 180 mA/sq cm and 3.2 V can be obtained with optimized cell design.

Dynamic Model of Basic Oxygen Steelmaking Process Based on Multi-zone Reaction Kinetics: Model Derivation and Validation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rout, Bapin Kumar; Brooks, Geoff; Rhamdhani, M. Akbar; Li, Zushu; Schrama, Frank N. H.; Sun, Jianjun

2018-04-01

A multi-zone kinetic model coupled with a dynamic slag generation model was developed for the simulation of hot metal and slag composition during the basic oxygen furnace (BOF) operation. The three reaction zones (i) jet impact zone, (ii) slag-bulk metal zone, (iii) slag-metal-gas emulsion zone were considered for the calculation of overall refining kinetics. In the rate equations, the transient rate parameters were mathematically described as a function of process variables. A micro and macroscopic rate calculation methodology (micro-kinetics and macro-kinetics) were developed to estimate the total refining contributed by the recirculating metal droplets through the slag-metal emulsion zone. The micro-kinetics involves developing the rate equation for individual droplets in the emulsion. The mathematical models for the size distribution of initial droplets, kinetics of simultaneous refining of elements, the residence time in the emulsion, and dynamic interfacial area change were established in the micro-kinetic model. In the macro-kinetics calculation, a droplet generation model was employed and the total amount of refining by emulsion was calculated by summing the refining from the entire population of returning droplets. A dynamic FetO generation model based on oxygen mass balance was developed and coupled with the multi-zone kinetic model. The effect of post-combustion on the evolution of slag and metal composition was investigated. The model was applied to a 200-ton top blowing converter and the simulated value of metal and slag was found to be in good agreement with the measured data. The post-combustion ratio was found to be an important factor in controlling FetO content in the slag and the kinetics of Mn and P in a BOF process.

Mathematical model of whole-process calculation for bottom-blowing copper smelting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Ming-zhou; Zhou, Jie-min; Tong, Chang-ren; Zhang, Wen-hai; Li, He-song

2017-11-01

The distribution law of materials in smelting products is key to cost accounting and contaminant control. Regardless, the distribution law is difficult to determine quickly and accurately by mere sampling and analysis. Mathematical models for material and heat balance in bottom-blowing smelting, converting, anode furnace refining, and electrolytic refining were established based on the principles of material (element) conservation, energy conservation, and control index constraint in copper bottom-blowing smelting. Simulation of the entire process of bottom-blowing copper smelting was established using a self-developed MetCal software platform. A whole-process simulation for an enterprise in China was then conducted. Results indicated that the quantity and composition information of unknown materials, as well as heat balance information, can be quickly calculated using the model. Comparison of production data revealed that the model can basically reflect the distribution law of the materials in bottom-blowing copper smelting. This finding provides theoretical guidance for mastering the performance of the entire process.

A mathematical model for foreign body reactions in 2D.

PubMed

Su, Jianzhong; Gonzales, Humberto Perez; Todorov, Michail; Kojouharov, Hristo; Tang, Liping

2011-02-01

The foreign body reactions are commonly referred to the network of immune and inflammatory reactions of human or animals to foreign objects placed in tissues. They are basic biological processes, and are also highly relevant to bioengineering applications in implants, as fibrotic tissue formations surrounding medical implants have been found to substantially reduce the effectiveness of devices. Despite of intensive research on determining the mechanisms governing such complex responses, few mechanistic mathematical models have been developed to study such foreign body reactions. This study focuses on a kinetics-based predictive tool in order to analyze outcomes of multiple interactive complex reactions of various cells/proteins and biochemical processes and to understand transient behavior during the entire period (up to several months). A computational model in two spatial dimensions is constructed to investigate the time dynamics as well as spatial variation of foreign body reaction kinetics. The simulation results have been consistent with experimental data and the model can facilitate quantitative insights for study of foreign body reaction process in general.

Shoreline as a controlling factor in commercial shrimp production

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Faller, K. H. (Principal Investigator)

1978-01-01

An ecological model was developed that relates marsh detritus export and shrimp production, based on the hypothesis that the shoreline is a controlling factor in the production of shrimp through regulation of detritus export from the marsh. LANDSAT data were used to develop measurements of shoreline length and area of marsh having more than 5.0 km shoreline/sq km for the coast of Louisiana, demonstrating the capability of remote sensing to provide important geographic information. These factors were combined with published tidal ranges and salinities to develop a mathematical model that predicted shrimp production for nine geographic units of the Louisiana coast, as indicated by the long term average commercial shrimp yield. The mathematical model relating these parameters and the shrimp production is consistent with an energy flow model describing the interaction of detritus producing marshlands with shrimp nursery grounds and inshore shrimping areas. The analysis supports the basic hypothesis and further raises the possibility of applications to coastal zone management requirements.

Grip Forces During Object Manipulation: Experiment, Mathematical Model & Validation

PubMed Central

Slota, Gregory P.; Latash, Mark L.; Zatsiorsky, Vladimir M.

2011-01-01

When people transport handheld objects, they change the grip force with the object movement. Circular movement patterns were tested within three planes at two different rates (1.0, 1.5 Hz), and two diameters (20, 40 cm). Subjects performed the task reasonably well, matching frequencies and dynamic ranges of accelerations within expectations. A mathematical model was designed to predict the applied normal forces from kinematic data. The model is based on two hypotheses: (a) the grip force changes during movements along complex trajectories can be represented as the sum of effects of two basic commands associated with the parallel and orthogonal manipulation, respectively; (b) different central commands are sent to the thumb and virtual finger (Vf- four fingers combined). The model predicted the actual normal forces with a total variance accounted for of better than 98%. The effects of the two components of acceleration—along the normal axis and the resultant acceleration within the shear plane—on the digit normal forces are additive. PMID:21735245

Mathematical modeling provides kinetic details of the human immune response to vaccination

PubMed Central

Le, Dustin; Miller, Joseph D.; Ganusov, Vitaly V.

2015-01-01

With major advances in experimental techniques to track antigen-specific immune responses many basic questions on the kinetics of virus-specific immunity in humans remain unanswered. To gain insights into kinetics of T and B cell responses in human volunteers we combined mathematical models and experimental data from recent studies employing vaccines against yellow fever and smallpox. Yellow fever virus-specific CD8 T cell population expanded slowly with the average doubling time of 2 days peaking 2.5 weeks post immunization. Interestingly, we found that the peak of the yellow fever-specific CD8 T cell response was determined by the rate of T cell proliferation and not by the precursor frequency of antigen-specific cells as has been suggested in several studies in mice. We also found that while the frequency of virus-specific T cells increased slowly, the slow increase could still accurately explain clearance of yellow fever virus in the blood. Our additional mathematical model described well the kinetics of virus-specific antibody-secreting cell and antibody response to vaccinia virus in vaccinated individuals suggesting that most of antibodies in 3 months post immunization were derived from the population of circulating antibody-secreting cells. Taken together, our analysis provided novel insights into mechanisms by which live vaccines induce immunity to viral infections and highlighted challenges of applying methods of mathematical modeling to the current, state-of-the-art yet limited immunological data. PMID:25621280

Mathematical modeling provides kinetic details of the human immune response to vaccination.

PubMed

Le, Dustin; Miller, Joseph D; Ganusov, Vitaly V

2014-01-01

With major advances in experimental techniques to track antigen-specific immune responses many basic questions on the kinetics of virus-specific immunity in humans remain unanswered. To gain insights into kinetics of T and B cell responses in human volunteers we combined mathematical models and experimental data from recent studies employing vaccines against yellow fever and smallpox. Yellow fever virus-specific CD8 T cell population expanded slowly with the average doubling time of 2 days peaking 2.5 weeks post immunization. Interestingly, we found that the peak of the yellow fever-specific CD8 T cell response was determined by the rate of T cell proliferation and not by the precursor frequency of antigen-specific cells as has been suggested in several studies in mice. We also found that while the frequency of virus-specific T cells increased slowly, the slow increase could still accurately explain clearance of yellow fever virus in the blood. Our additional mathematical model described well the kinetics of virus-specific antibody-secreting cell and antibody response to vaccinia virus in vaccinated individuals suggesting that most of antibodies in 3 months post immunization were derived from the population of circulating antibody-secreting cells. Taken together, our analysis provided novel insights into mechanisms by which live vaccines induce immunity to viral infections and highlighted challenges of applying methods of mathematical modeling to the current, state-of-the-art yet limited immunological data.

Multi-scale Modeling in Clinical Oncology: Opportunities and Barriers to Success.

PubMed

Yankeelov, Thomas E; An, Gary; Saut, Oliver; Luebeck, E Georg; Popel, Aleksander S; Ribba, Benjamin; Vicini, Paolo; Zhou, Xiaobo; Weis, Jared A; Ye, Kaiming; Genin, Guy M

2016-09-01

Hierarchical processes spanning several orders of magnitude of both space and time underlie nearly all cancers. Multi-scale statistical, mathematical, and computational modeling methods are central to designing, implementing and assessing treatment strategies that account for these hierarchies. The basic science underlying these modeling efforts is maturing into a new discipline that is close to influencing and facilitating clinical successes. The purpose of this review is to capture the state-of-the-art as well as the key barriers to success for multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology. We begin with a summary of the long-envisioned promise of multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology, including the synthesis of disparate data types into models that reveal underlying mechanisms and allow for experimental testing of hypotheses. We then evaluate the mathematical techniques employed most widely and present several examples illustrating their application as well as the current gap between pre-clinical and clinical applications. We conclude with a discussion of what we view to be the key challenges and opportunities for multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology.

Multi-scale Modeling in Clinical Oncology: Opportunities and Barriers to Success

PubMed Central

Yankeelov, Thomas E.; An, Gary; Saut, Oliver; Luebeck, E. Georg; Popel, Aleksander S.; Ribba, Benjamin; Vicini, Paolo; Zhou, Xiaobo; Weis, Jared A.; Ye, Kaiming; Genin, Guy M.

2016-01-01

Hierarchical processes spanning several orders of magnitude of both space and time underlie nearly all cancers. Multi-scale statistical, mathematical, and computational modeling methods are central to designing, implementing and assessing treatment strategies that account for these hierarchies. The basic science underlying these modeling efforts is maturing into a new discipline that is close to influencing and facilitating clinical successes. The purpose of this review is to capture the state-of-the-art as well as the key barriers to success for multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology. We begin with a summary of the long-envisioned promise of multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology, including the synthesis of disparate data types into models that reveal underlying mechanisms and allow for experimental testing of hypotheses. We then evaluate the mathematical techniques employed most widely and present several examples illustrating their application as well as the current gap between pre-clinical and clinical applications. We conclude with a discussion of what we view to be the key challenges and opportunities for multi-scale modeling in clinical oncology. PMID:27384942

Family Literacy Works: Key Findings from the NFER Evaluation of the Basic Skills Agency's Demonstration Programmes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Basic Skills Agency, 2006

2006-01-01

The Basic Skills Agency (formerly the Adult Literacy and Basic Skills Unit--ALBSU) is the national development agency for literacy, numeracy and related basic skills in England and Wales. This agency defines basic skills as " the ability to read, write, and speak in English and use mathematics at a level necessary to function and progress at…

Interpretations and pitfalls in modelling vector-transmitted infections.

PubMed

Amaku, M; Azevedo, F; Burattini, M N; Coutinho, F A B; Lopez, L F; Massad, E

2015-07-01

In this paper we propose a debate on the role of mathematical models in evaluating control strategies for vector-borne infections. Mathematical models must have their complexity adjusted to their goals, and we have basically two classes of models. At one extreme we have models that are intended to check if our intuition about why a certain phenomenon occurs is correct. At the other extreme, we have models whose goals are to predict future outcomes. These models are necessarily very complex. There are models in between these classes. Here we examine two models, one of each class and study the possible pitfalls that may be incurred. We begin by showing how to simplify the description of a complicated model for a vector-borne infection. Next, we examine one example found in a recent paper that illustrates the dangers of basing control strategies on models without considering their limitations. The model in this paper is of the second class. Following this, we review an interesting paper (a model of the first class) that contains some biological assumptions that are inappropriate for dengue but may apply to other vector-borne infections. In conclusion, we list some misgivings about modelling presented in this paper for debate.

Surface roughness formation during shot peen forming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koltsov, V. P.; Vinh, Le Tri; Starodubtseva, D. A.

2018-03-01

Shot peen forming (SPF) is used for forming panels and skins, and for hardening. As a rule, shot peen forming is performed after milling. Surface roughness is a complex structure, a combination of an original microrelief and shot peen forming indentations of different depths and chaotic distribution along the surface. As far as shot peen forming is a random process, surface roughness resulted from milling and shot peen forming is random too. During roughness monitoring, it is difficult to determine the basic surface area which would ensure accurate results. It can be assumed that the basic area depends on the random roughness which is characterized by the degree of shot peen forming coverage. The analysis of depth and shot peen forming indentations distribution along the surface made it possible to identify the shift of an original center profile plane and create a mathematical model for the arithmetic mean deviation of the profile. Experimental testing proved model validity and determined an inversely proportional dependency of the basic area on the degree of coverage.

Towards a Definition of Basic Numeracy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Girling, Michael

1977-01-01

The author redefines basic numeracy as the ability to use a four-function calculator sensibly. He then defines "sensibly" and considers the place of algorithms in the scheme of mathematical calculations. (MN)

Basic Skills Applications in Occupational Investigation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hendrix, Mary

This guide contains 50 lesson plans for learning activities that incorporate basic skills into content areas of career education, mathematics, science, social studies, communications, and productive work habits. Each lesson consists of a purpose, basic skills applications, approximate time required, materials needed, things for the teacher to do…

The Impact of a Monitoring Scheme on Engagement in an Online Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Grainne; Mac an Bhaird, Ciaran; O'Shea, Ann

2012-01-01

In the National University of Ireland Maynooth, in-coming first-year mathematics students are given a diagnostic test. The purpose of this test is to measure their basic knowledge and manipulation skills in mathematics. Those who fail this test are deemed at risk of failing their mathematics modules and are enrolled in a supplementary online…

Improving of Junior High School Visual Thinking Representation Ability in Mathematical Problem Solving by CTL

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Surya, Edy; Sabandar, Jozua; Kusumah, Yaya S.; Darhim

2013-01-01

The students' difficulty which was found is in the problem of understanding, drawing diagrams, reading the charts correctly, conceptual formal mathematical understanding, and mathematical problem solving. The appropriate problem representation is the basic way in order to understand the problem itself and make a plan to solve it. This research was…

Basic Numeracy Abilities of Xhosa Reception Year Students in South Africa: Language Policy Issues

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feza, Nosisi Nellie

2016-01-01

Language in mathematics learning and teaching has a significant role in influencing performance. Literature on language in mathematics learning has evolved from language as a barrier to language as a cultural tool, and recently more research has argued for use of home language as an instructional tool in mathematics classrooms. However, the…

Construction of Tasks in Order to Develop and Promote Classroom Communication in Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Olteanu, Lucian

2015-01-01

In this article, the focus is on task construction and the importance of this process to develop and promote classroom communication in mathematics. The students' tests, examination of students' mathematical work, the teachers' lesson plans, and reports of the lessons' instructions are the basic data for this article. The analysis indicated that…

A Study of Placement and Grade Prediction in First College Mathematics Courses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madison, Bernard L.; Linde, Cassandra S.; Decker, Blake R.; Rigsby, E. Myron; Dingman, Shannon W.; Stegman, Charles E.

2015-01-01

A college mathematics placement test with 25 basic algebra items and 15 calculus readiness items was administered to 1572 high school seniors, and first college mathematics course grades were obtained for 319 of these students. Test results indicated that more than two thirds of the high school graduates were not college ready, and the test…

Evaluation of "Back to Basics" Mathematics Workbooks: A Randomised Control Trial of the Primary Mathematics Research Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fleisch, Brahm; Taylor, Nick; Herholdt, Roelien; Sapire, Ingrid

2011-01-01

Can providing learner support materials, particularly custom-designed workbooks, improve primary mathematics achievement more cost effectively than providing conventional textbooks? To contribute to this debate, this paper reports on the findings of a study conducted in 2010 by a consortium of educational researchers at JET Education Services and…

Do Screencasts Help to Revise Prerequisite Mathematics? An Investigation of Student Performance and Perception

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loch, Birgit; Jordan, Camilla R.; Lowe, Tim W.; Mestel, Ben D.

2014-01-01

Basic calculus skills that are prerequisites for advanced mathematical studies continue to be a problem for a significant proportion of higher education students. While there are many types of revision material that could be offered to students, in this paper we investigate whether short, narrated video recordings of mathematical explanations…

Responding to the Challenges of Instrumental Orchestration through Physical and Virtual Robotics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Haapasalo, Lenni; Samuels, Peter

2011-01-01

It has been recognised that the general lack of enjoyment of institutional mathematics learning at the secondary level is one of the basic reasons behind the bad reputation of mathematics in society. Increasing students' motivation to learn mathematics through enjoyment and playing, especially in their free time, might therefore be a relevant…

Moving beyond Solving for "x": Teaching Abstract Algebra in a Liberal Arts Mathematics Course

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cook, John Paul

2015-01-01

This paper details an inquiry-based approach for teaching the basic notions of rings and fields to liberal arts mathematics students. The task sequence seeks to encourage students to identify and comprehend core concepts of introductory abstract algebra by thinking like mathematicians; that is, by investigating an open-ended mathematical context,…

Mathematics. Unit 6: A Core Curriculum of Related Instruction for Apprentices.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau of Occupational and Career Curriculum Development.

The mathematics unit is presented to assist apprentices to acquire a general knowledge of mathematic skills. The unit consists of nine modules: (1) basic addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division; (2) conventional linear measure; (3) using the metric system, (4) steps to take in solving problems, (5) how to calculate areas and volumes,…

Suggestions for Teaching Mathematics Using Laboratory Approaches Grades 1-6. 4. Measurement. Experimental Edition.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New York State Education Dept., Albany. Bureau of Elementary Curriculum Development.

This guide describes activities and materials which can be used in a mathematics laboratory approach to a basic mathematics program for grades 1-6. One-hundred thirteen activities pertaining to measurement concepts are described in terms of purpose, suggested grade levels, materials needed, and procedures. Some specific concepts include: linear…

Mathematical analysis of an age-structured population model with space-limited recruitment.

PubMed

Kamioka, Katumi

2005-11-01

In this paper, we investigate structured population model of marine invertebrate whose life stage is composed of sessile adults and pelagic larvae, such as barnacles contained in a local habitat. First we formulate the basic model as an Cauchy problem on a Banach space to discuss the existence and uniqueness of non-negative solution. Next we define the basic reproduction number R0 to formulate the invasion condition under which the larvae can successfully settle down in the completely vacant habitat. Subsequently we examine existence and stability of steady states. We show that the trivial steady state is globally asymptotically stable if R0 < or = 1, whereas it is unstable if R0 > 1. Furthermore, we show that a positive (non-trivial) steady state uniquely exists if R0 > 1 and it is locally asymptotically stable as far as absolute value of R0 - 1 is small enough.

Introduction of hypermatrix and operator notation into a discrete mathematics simulation model of malignant tumour response to therapeutic schemes in vivo. Some operator properties.

PubMed

Stamatakos, Georgios S; Dionysiou, Dimitra D

2009-10-21

The tremendous rate of accumulation of experimental and clinical knowledge pertaining to cancer dictates the development of a theoretical framework for the meaningful integration of such knowledge at all levels of biocomplexity. In this context our research group has developed and partly validated a number of spatiotemporal simulation models of in vivo tumour growth and in particular tumour response to several therapeutic schemes. Most of the modeling modules have been based on discrete mathematics and therefore have been formulated in terms of rather complex algorithms (e.g. in pseudocode and actual computer code). However, such lengthy algorithmic descriptions, although sufficient from the mathematical point of view, may render it difficult for an interested reader to readily identify the sequence of the very basic simulation operations that lie at the heart of the entire model. In order to both alleviate this problem and at the same time provide a bridge to symbolic mathematics, we propose the introduction of the notion of hypermatrix in conjunction with that of a discrete operator into the already developed models. Using a radiotherapy response simulation example we demonstrate how the entire model can be considered as the sequential application of a number of discrete operators to a hypermatrix corresponding to the dynamics of the anatomic area of interest. Subsequently, we investigate the operators' commutativity and outline the "summarize and jump" strategy aiming at efficiently and realistically address multilevel biological problems such as cancer. In order to clarify the actual effect of the composite discrete operator we present further simulation results which are in agreement with the outcome of the clinical study RTOG 83-02, thus strengthening the reliability of the model developed.

Development of the CCP-200 mathematical model for Syzran CHPP using the Thermolib software package

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usov, S. V.; Kudinov, A. A.

2016-04-01

Simplified cycle diagram of the CCP-200 power generating unit of Syzran CHPP containing two gas turbines PG6111FA with generators, two steam recovery boilers KUP-110/15-8.0/0.7-540/200, and one steam turbine Siemens SST-600 (one-cylinder with two variable heat extraction units of 60/75 MW in heatextraction and condensing modes, accordingly) with S-GEN5-100 generators was presented. Results of experimental guarantee tests of the CCP-200 steam-gas unit are given. Brief description of the Thermolib application for the MatLab Simulink software package is given. Basic equations used in Thermolib for modeling thermo-technical processes are given. Mathematical models of gas-turbine plant, heat-recovery steam generator, steam turbine and integrated plant for power generating unit CCP-200 of Syzran CHPP were developed with the help of MatLab Simulink and Thermolib. The simulation technique at different ambient temperature values was used in order to get characteristics of the developed mathematical model. Graphic comparison of some characteristics of the CCP-200 simulation model (gas temperature behind gas turbine, gas turbine and combined cycle plant capacity, high and low pressure steam consumption and feed water consumption for high and low pressure economizers) with actual characteristics of the steam-gas unit received at experimental (field) guarantee tests at different ambient temperature are shown. It is shown that the chosen degrees of complexity, characteristics of the CCP-200 simulation model, developed by Thermolib, adequately correspond to the actual characteristics of the steam-gas unit received at experimental (field) guarantee tests; this allows considering the developed mathematical model as adequate and acceptable it for further work.

The Research of Regression Method for Forecasting Monthly Electricity Sales Considering Coupled Multi-factor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jiangbo; Liu, Junhui; Li, Tiantian; Yin, Shuo; He, Xinhui

2018-01-01

The monthly electricity sales forecasting is a basic work to ensure the safety of the power system. This paper presented a monthly electricity sales forecasting method which comprehensively considers the coupled multi-factors of temperature, economic growth, electric power replacement and business expansion. The mathematical model is constructed by using regression method. The simulation results show that the proposed method is accurate and effective.

Electronic and mechanical improvement of the receiving terminal of a free-space microwave power transmission system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brown, W. C.

1977-01-01

Significant advancements were made in a number of areas: improved efficiency of basic receiving element at low power density levels, improved resolution and confidence in efficiency measurements mathematical modelling and computer simulation of the receiving element and the design, construction, and testing of an environmentally protected two-plane construction suitable for low cost, highly automated construction of large receiving arrays.

Dynamic Uncertain Causality Graph for Knowledge Representation and Probabilistic Reasoning: Directed Cyclic Graph and Joint Probability Distribution.

PubMed

Zhang, Qin

2015-07-01

Probabilistic graphical models (PGMs) such as Bayesian network (BN) have been widely applied in uncertain causality representation and probabilistic reasoning. Dynamic uncertain causality graph (DUCG) is a newly presented model of PGMs, which can be applied to fault diagnosis of large and complex industrial systems, disease diagnosis, and so on. The basic methodology of DUCG has been previously presented, in which only the directed acyclic graph (DAG) was addressed. However, the mathematical meaning of DUCG was not discussed. In this paper, the DUCG with directed cyclic graphs (DCGs) is addressed. In contrast, BN does not allow DCGs, as otherwise the conditional independence will not be satisfied. The inference algorithm for the DUCG with DCGs is presented, which not only extends the capabilities of DUCG from DAGs to DCGs but also enables users to decompose a large and complex DUCG into a set of small, simple sub-DUCGs, so that a large and complex knowledge base can be easily constructed, understood, and maintained. The basic mathematical definition of a complete DUCG with or without DCGs is proved to be a joint probability distribution (JPD) over a set of random variables. The incomplete DUCG as a part of a complete DUCG may represent a part of JPD. Examples are provided to illustrate the methodology.

Bruno de Finetti: the mathematician, the statistician, the economist, the forerunner.

PubMed

Rossi, C

2001-12-30

Bruno de Finetti is possibly the best known Italian applied mathematician of the 20th century, but was he really just a mathematician? Looking at his papers it is always possible to find original and pioneering contributions to the various fields he was interested in, where he always put his mathematical "formamentis" and skills at the service of the applications, often extending standard theories and models in order to achieve more general results. Many contributions are also devoted to educational issues, in mathematics in general and in probability and statistics in particular.He really thought that mathematics and, in particular, those topics related to uncertainty, should enter in everyday life as a useful support to everyone's decision making. He always imagined and lived mathematics as a basic tool both for better understanding and describing complex phenomena and for helping decision makers in assuming coherent and feasible actions. His many important contributions to the theory of probability and to mathematical statistics are well known all over the world, thus, in the following, minor, but still pioneering, aspects of his work, related both to theory and to applications of mathematical tools, and to his work in the field of education and training of teachers, are presented. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Frequency of Home Numeracy Activities Is Differentially Related to Basic Number Processing and Calculation Skills in Kindergartners.

PubMed

Mutaf Yıldız, Belde; Sasanguie, Delphine; De Smedt, Bert; Reynvoet, Bert

2018-01-01

Home numeracy has been shown to play an important role in children's mathematical performance. However, findings are inconsistent as to which home numeracy activities are related to which mathematical skills. The present study disentangled between various mathematical abilities that were previously masked by the use of composite scores of mathematical achievement. Our aim was to shed light on the specific associations between home numeracy and various mathematical abilities. The relationships between kindergartners' home numeracy activities, their basic number processing and calculation skills were investigated. Participants were 128 kindergartners ( M age = 5.43 years, SD = 0.29, range: 4.88-6.02 years) and their parents. The children completed non-symbolic and symbolic comparison tasks, non-symbolic and symbolic number line estimation tasks, mapping tasks (enumeration and connecting), and two calculation tasks. Their parents completed a home numeracy questionnaire. Results indicated small but significant associations between formal home numeracy activities that involved more explicit teaching efforts (i.e., identifying numerals, counting) and children's enumeration skills. There was no correlation between formal home numeracy activities and non-symbolic number processing. Informal home numeracy activities that involved more implicit teaching attempts , such as "playing games" and "using numbers in daily life," were (weakly) correlated with calculation and symbolic number line estimation, respectively. The present findings suggest that disentangling between various basic number processing and calculation skills in children might unravel specific relations with both formal and informal home numeracy activities. This might explain earlier reported contradictory findings on the association between home numeracy and mathematical abilities.

Frequency of Home Numeracy Activities Is Differentially Related to Basic Number Processing and Calculation Skills in Kindergartners

PubMed Central

Mutaf Yıldız, Belde; Sasanguie, Delphine; De Smedt, Bert; Reynvoet, Bert

2018-01-01

Home numeracy has been shown to play an important role in children’s mathematical performance. However, findings are inconsistent as to which home numeracy activities are related to which mathematical skills. The present study disentangled between various mathematical abilities that were previously masked by the use of composite scores of mathematical achievement. Our aim was to shed light on the specific associations between home numeracy and various mathematical abilities. The relationships between kindergartners’ home numeracy activities, their basic number processing and calculation skills were investigated. Participants were 128 kindergartners (Mage = 5.43 years, SD = 0.29, range: 4.88–6.02 years) and their parents. The children completed non-symbolic and symbolic comparison tasks, non-symbolic and symbolic number line estimation tasks, mapping tasks (enumeration and connecting), and two calculation tasks. Their parents completed a home numeracy questionnaire. Results indicated small but significant associations between formal home numeracy activities that involved more explicit teaching efforts (i.e., identifying numerals, counting) and children’s enumeration skills. There was no correlation between formal home numeracy activities and non-symbolic number processing. Informal home numeracy activities that involved more implicit teaching attempts, such as “playing games” and “using numbers in daily life,” were (weakly) correlated with calculation and symbolic number line estimation, respectively. The present findings suggest that disentangling between various basic number processing and calculation skills in children might unravel specific relations with both formal and informal home numeracy activities. This might explain earlier reported contradictory findings on the association between home numeracy and mathematical abilities. PMID:29623055

Data Processing Courses in High Schools?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Reese, Don

1970-01-01

It is more important for students to have an understanding of basic fundamentals such as English, mathematics, social studies, and basic business understandings than a superficial understanding of data processing equipment and its operation. (Editor)

The Joliet Junior College Center for Adult Basic Education and Literacy's "Families about Success": Intergenerational Programming That Works.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Irby, Terry R.; And Others

Joliet Junior College's Center for Adult Basic Education and Literacy (CABEL) is responsible for providing adult basic education and support services for adults whose skills in reading and mathematics are below the 12th grade level. Its offerings include instruction in Adult Basic Education (ABE), General Educational Development (GED), English as…

Self-regulated learning of basic arithmetic skills: a longitudinal study.

PubMed

Throndsen, Inger

2011-12-01

Several studies have examined young primary school children's use of strategies when solving simple addition and subtraction problems. Most of these studies have investigated students' strategy use as if they were isolated processes. To date, we have little knowledge about how math strategies in young students are related to other important aspects in self-regulated learning. The main purpose of this study was to examine relations between young primary school children's basic mathematical skills and their use of math strategies, their metacognitive competence and motivational beliefs, and to investigate how students with basic mathematics skills at various levels differ in respect to the different self-regulation components. The participants were comprised of 27 Year 2 students, all from the same class. The data were collected in three stages (autumn Year 2, spring Year 2, and autumn Year 3). The children's arithmetic skills were measured by age relevant tests, while strategy use, metacognitive competence, and motivational beliefs were assessed through individual interviews. The participants were divided into three performance groups; very good students, good students, and not-so-good students. Analyses revealed that young primary school children at different levels of basic mathematics skill may differ in several important aspects of self-regulated learning. Analyses revealed that a good performance in addition and subtraction was related not only to the children's use of advanced mathematics strategies, but also to domain-specific metacognitive competence, ability attribution for success, effort attribution for failure, and high perceived self-efficacy when using specific strategies. The results indicate that instructional efforts to facilitate self-regulated learning of basic arithmetic skills should address cognitive, metacognitive, and motivational aspects of self-regulation. This is particularly important for low-performing students. ©2010 The British Psychological Society.

Effects of Remedial Instruction on Low-SES & Low-Math Students' Mathematics Competence, Interest and Confidence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yang, Der-Ching; Lai, Meng-Lung; Yao, Ru-Fen; Huang, Yueh-Chun

2014-01-01

This study aimed to examine the effects of remedial instruction on low-SES & low-math first graders' basic mathematics competence as well as their interest and confidence in mathematics learning. Fourteen participants of low-SES & low-math were selected from two classes totaling fifty-seven first graders at a public elementary school in…

Analysing the Correlation between Secondary Mathematics Curriculum Change and Trends in Beginning Undergraduates' Performance of Basic Mathematical Skills in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Treacy, Páraic; Faulkner, Fiona; Prendergast, Mark

2016-01-01

The phenomenon in which students enter university under-prepared for the mathematical demands of their undergraduate courses, regularly referred to as the 'Maths Problem', has been widely reported in Ireland, UK, Australia, and the US. This issue has been of particular concern in Ireland recently, with beginning undergraduates' performance of…

An Exploratory Study of High School Students' Creativity and Mathematical Problem Posing in China and the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Yuan, Xianwei

2009-01-01

In recent decades many comparative studies in mathematics have been conducted involving students in China and the United States. There have been claims that U.S. students are more creative than their Chinese counterpart, but Chinese students have better basics in mathematics. Nevertheless, there have been very few comparative studies on creativity…

Processes and Pathways: How Do Mathematics and Science Partnerships Measure and Promote Growth in Teacher Content Knowledge?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Moyer-Packenham, Patricia S.; Westenskow, Arla

2012-01-01

Intense focus on student achievement results in mathematics and science has brought about claims that K-12 teachers should be better prepared to teach basic concepts in these disciplines. The focus on teachers' mathematics and science content knowledge has been met by efforts to increase teacher knowledge through funded national initiatives…

Digital Educational Games and Mathematics. Results of a Case Study in Primary School Settings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fokides, Emmanuel

2018-01-01

The study presents the results of a project in which a series of digital games were used for teaching Mathematics to first, fourth, and sixth-grade primary school students (ages 6-7, 8-9, and 11-12). Mathematics was selected as the teaching subject because of the difficulties students face in understanding basic math concepts. Although digital…

Mathematics for Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant Operators. Water and Wastewater Training Program.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

South Dakota Dept. of Environmental Protection, Pierre.

This booklet is intended to aid the prospective waste treatment plant operator or drinking water plant operator in learning to solve mathematical problems, which is necessary for Class I certification. It deals with the basic mathematics which a Class I operator may require in accomplishing day-to-day tasks. The book also progresses into problems…

Managing Your Mathematics Program: A Total System. A Guide to the U-SAIL Basic Mathematics System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hales, Carma M.; Jones, Maurine E.

The Utah System Approach to Individual Learning (U-SAIL) Mathematics System was developed to make it possible for teachers to provide excellence in arithmetic instruction. It is based on the premise that in order to teach arithmetic well, teachers must accurately assess, teach directly, provide students with focused practice, corrective feedback,…

My Entirely Plausible Fantasy: Early Mathematics Education in the Age of the Touchscreen Computer

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ginsburg, Herbert P.

2014-01-01

This paper offers an account of what early mathematics education could look like in an age of young digital natives. Each "Tubby," as the tablets are called, presents Nicole (our generic little child) with stimulating mathematics microworlds, from which, beginning at age 3, she can learn basic math concepts, as well as methods of…

Adults Learning Mathematics: What We Should Know about Betting and Bookkeeping?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maasz, Juergen; Siller, Hans-Stefan

2010-01-01

A lot of people risk money with bets on sport events or other events. Bookkeepers that offer such bets earn a lot of money. We are making a proposal (more exactly: a concept for a part of a basic mathematics course) for learning mathematics behind the screen (internet bets are very popular). Learners should organize a "sports event"…

A Comparison of Grade Achievement of Students Using a Programmed Mathematics Text Versus Students Using a Traditional Mathematics Text.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Raines, Roy H.

The effectiveness of a basic college mathematics course consisting of lecture-discussion classroom procedures and homework assignments from a traditional text was compared to the effectiveness of a course designed to combat low grade achievement and a high dropout rate by allowing for individual differences. The revised course consisted of…

Transcoding abilities in typical and atypical mathematics achievers: the role of working memory and procedural and lexical competencies.

PubMed

Moura, Ricardo; Wood, Guilherme; Pinheiro-Chagas, Pedro; Lonnemann, Jan; Krinzinger, Helga; Willmes, Klaus; Haase, Vitor Geraldi

2013-11-01

Transcoding between numerical systems is one of the most basic abilities acquired by children during their early school years. One important topic that requires further exploration is how mathematics proficiency can affect number transcoding. The aim of the current study was to investigate transcoding abilities (i.e., reading Arabic numerals and writing dictation) in Brazilian children with and without mathematics difficulties, focusing on different school grades. We observed that children with learning difficulties in mathematics demonstrated lower achievement in number transcoding in both early and middle elementary school. In early elementary school, difficulties were observed in both the basic numerical lexicon and the management of numerical syntax. In middle elementary school, difficulties appeared mainly in the transcoding of more complex numbers. An error analysis revealed that the children with mathematics difficulties struggled mainly with the acquisition of transcoding rules. Although we confirmed the previous evidence on the impact of working memory capacity on number transcoding, we found that it did not fully account for the observed group differences. The results are discussed in the context of a maturational lag in number transcoding ability in children with mathematics difficulties. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Building a Program of University Physics and Mathematics Education

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tanaka, Tadayoshi; Nakamura, Akira; Kagiyama, Shigenori; Namiki, Masatoshi; Ejiri, Arisato; Ohshima, Kazunari; Mishima, Akiomi; Aoki, Katsuhiko

Authors built physics learning modules which consist of lectures, experiments and practices, introducing physics experiments of elementary and secondary education. In addition, we are operating "KIT Mathematics Navigation" in order to complement mathematical basics to engineering education. Based on these results, we are building studies and development of an education program in order to support the learning paradigm shift and to help students learn physics and mathematics complimentarily for liberal arts education course in universities.

Simulating Microbial Community Patterning Using Biocellion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kang, Seung-Hwa; Kahan, Simon H.; Momeni, Babak

2014-04-17

Mathematical modeling and computer simulation are important tools for understanding complex interactions between cells and their biotic and abiotic environment: similarities and differences between modeled and observed behavior provide the basis for hypothesis forma- tion. Momeni et al. [5] investigated pattern formation in communities of yeast strains engaging in different types of ecological interactions, comparing the predictions of mathematical modeling and simulation to actual patterns observed in wet-lab experiments. However, simu- lations of millions of cells in a three-dimensional community are ex- tremely time-consuming. One simulation run in MATLAB may take a week or longer, inhibiting exploration of the vastmore » space of parameter combinations and assumptions. Improving the speed, scale, and accu- racy of such simulations facilitates hypothesis formation and expedites discovery. Biocellion is a high performance software framework for ac- celerating discrete agent-based simulation of biological systems with millions to trillions of cells. Simulations of comparable scale and accu- racy to those taking a week of computer time using MATLAB require just hours using Biocellion on a multicore workstation. Biocellion fur- ther accelerates large scale, high resolution simulations using cluster computers by partitioning the work to run on multiple compute nodes. Biocellion targets computational biologists who have mathematical modeling backgrounds and basic C++ programming skills. This chap- ter describes the necessary steps to adapt the original Momeni et al.'s model to the Biocellion framework as a case study.« less

Energy Survey of Machine Tools: Separating Power Information of the Main Transmission System During Machining Process

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Shuang; Liu, Fei; Hu, Shaohua; Yin, Zhenbiao

The major power information of the main transmission system in machine tools (MTSMT) during machining process includes effective output power (i.e. cutting power), input power and power loss from the mechanical transmission system, and the main motor power loss. These information are easy to obtain in the lab but difficult to evaluate in a manufacturing process. To solve this problem, a separation method is proposed here to extract the MTSMT power information during machining process. In this method, the energy flow and the mathematical models of major power information of MTSMT during the machining process are set up first. Based on the mathematical models and the basic data tables obtained from experiments, the above mentioned power information during machining process can be separated just by measuring the real time total input power of the spindle motor. The operation program of this method is also given.

Petri Nets - A Mathematical Formalism to Analyze Chemical Reaction Networks.

PubMed

Koch, Ina

2010-12-17

In this review we introduce and discuss Petri nets - a mathematical formalism to describe and analyze chemical reaction networks. Petri nets were developed to describe concurrency in general systems. We find most applications to technical and financial systems, but since about twenty years also in systems biology to model biochemical systems. This review aims to give a short informal introduction to the basic formalism illustrated by a chemical example, and to discuss possible applications to the analysis of chemical reaction networks, including cheminformatics. We give a short overview about qualitative as well as quantitative modeling Petri net techniques useful in systems biology, summarizing the state-of-the-art in that field and providing the main literature references. Finally, we discuss advantages and limitations of Petri nets and give an outlook to further development. Copyright © 2010 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Mathematical Modeling – The Impact of Cooling Water Temperature Upsurge on Combined Cycle Power Plant Performance and Operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Indra Siswantara, Ahmad; Pujowidodo, Hariyotejo; Darius, Asyari; Ramdlan Gunadi, Gun Gun

2018-03-01

This paper presents the mathematical modeling analysis on cooling system in a combined cycle power plant. The objective of this study is to get the impact of cooling water upsurge on plant performance and operation, using Engineering Equation Solver (EES™) tools. Power plant installed with total power capacity of block#1 is 505.95 MWe and block#2 is 720.8 MWe, where sea water consumed as cooling media at two unit condensers. Basic principle of analysis is heat balance calculation from steam turbine and condenser, concern to vacuum condition and heat rate values. Based on the result shown graphically, there were impact the upsurge of cooling water to increase plant heat rate and vacuum pressure in condenser so ensued decreasing plant efficiency and causing possibility steam turbine trip as back pressure raised from condenser.

Software Reviews.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathematics and Computer Education, 1987

1987-01-01

Presented are reviews of several microcomputer software programs. Included are reviews of: (1) Microstat (Zenith); (2) MathCAD (MathSoft); (3) Discrete Mathematics (True Basic); (4) CALCULUS (True Basic); (5) Linear-Kit (John Wiley); and (6) Geometry Sensei (Broderbund). (RH)