Teachable Agents and the Protege Effect: Increasing the Effort towards Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chase, Catherine C.; Chin, Doris B.; Oppezzo, Marily A.; Schwartz, Daniel L.

2009-01-01

Betty's Brain is a computer-based learning environment that capitalizes on the social aspects of learning. In Betty's Brain, students instruct a character called a Teachable Agent (TA) which can reason based on how it is taught. Two studies demonstrate the "protege effect": students make greater effort to learn for their TAs than they do…

Betty Reardon's Philosophy of Peace Education and the Centrality of Justice

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ragland, David

2015-01-01

There is no clear description of an approach to justice that is related to peace education. Betty Reardon's writing holistically connects peace and justice. While there are various traditions of justice, such as utilitarianism and contractarianism (social contract), the breadth of Reardon's writing suggests that justice, in terms of its…

Tool bending in New Caledonian crows.

PubMed

Rutz, Christian; Sugasawa, Shoko; van der Wal, Jessica E M; Klump, Barbara C; St Clair, James J H

2016-08-01

'Betty' the New Caledonian crow astonished the world when she 'spontaneously' bent straight pieces of garden wire into hooked foraging tools. Recent field experiments have revealed that tool bending is part of the species' natural behavioural repertoire, providing important context for interpreting Betty's iconic wire-bending feat. More generally, this discovery provides a compelling illustration of how natural history observations can inform laboratory-based research into the cognitive capacities of non-human animals.

Strategic Studies Quarterly. Volume 2, Number 3, Fall 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Managing Editor Betty R. Littlejohn, Editorial Assistant Jerry L. Gantt, Content Editor Sherry Terrell , Editorial Assistant Steven C. Garst...factsheet.asp?id=107 . Ibid. 9. Lt Col Sebastian M. Convertino II, CDR Lou Anne DeMattei, and Lt Col Tammy Knierim, Flying and Fighting in...PhD, Editor-in-Chief L. Tawanda Eaves, Managing Editor Betty R. Littlejohn, Editorial Assistant Jerry L. Gantt, Content Editor Sherry Terrell

Separation of Betti Reaction Product Enantiomers: Absolute Configuration and Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin A

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

of Betti Reaction Product Enantiomers : Absolute Configuration and Inhibition of Botulinum Neurotoxin A John H. Cardellina II,† Rebecca C. Vieira...observing sufficient resolution of the two enantiomers on a Chiralcel OD column to permit semipreparative purification of adequate quantities of (þ)-1...comparison of the botulinum neurotoxin serotype A (BoNT/A) inhibitory activity of the (þ) and () enantiomers of 1 was accomplished via an HPLC-based assay

Development of a Comprehensive Base-Level Environmental Training Program for Total Environmental Compliance

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-09-01

Business Managers. Ed. Betty Seldner. San Francisco : McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994 11. Gunderson, John. "Federal Facilities Compliance Act," in Environmental...Decision Making for Engineering and Business Managers. Ed. Betty Seldner. San Francisco : McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994 105 12. Heyman, Glenn. "The Role and...San Francisco . McGraw Hill, Inc., 1994 13- Hill, Chuck. Environmental Oversight Branch, Headquarters Air Combat Command. Personal Correspondence

Mathematical Physics in Italy in the XIX Century: The Theory of Elasticity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Capecchi, Danilo

In the second half of the nineteenth century there was in Italy an important group of mathematicians who focused their attention on mathematical physics. The most prominent of them were Enrico Betti, Eugenio Beltrami, Gregorio Ricci-Curbastro and some others (Vito Volterra, Carlo Somigliana and Tullio Levi Civita) whose activity persevered for many years in the twentieth century. In this article, I will write about the contribution of this group to the theory of elasticity. The best representative writing on continuum mechanics and elasticity as theories of mathematical physics is presented in the book Teoria della elasticità by Enrico Betti. The book is interesting not only for the particular results found but also for its structure which became paradigmatic for the development of subsequent texts on elasticity, not only those in Italian. Betti's interest was concentrated on the mathematical aspects of a physical theory. Physical principles are not discussed; they are only exposed in the most formal way possible. The objective is to arrive, without discussing epistemological or empirical problems, at the formulation and solution of differential equations that rule elasticity, as had become classic in the emerging mathematical physics. Beltrami wrote no complete books on elasticity; however, his contribution to this field was perhaps more original than that of Betti. A similar consideration holds true for Volterra and Somigliana.

A Methodology for Analyzing the Aptitude Content of the Non-Prior Service Youth and Enlisted Apprentice Populations

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-29

POPULATIONS By William P. Hutzler Patricia A. Insley Betty Lou Bantor 29 May 1985 DISTRIBUTION LIMITED TO POD COMPONENTS ONLYr CTj SffM &f...10 SOURCE OF FUNDING NOS PROGRAM ELEMENT NO. PROJECT NO. TASK NO, WORK UNIT NO 12. PERSONAL AUTMOR(S) Hutzler. William P.; Inslev. Patricia...CONTENT OF THE NON-PRIOR SERVICE YOUTH AND ENLISTED APPRENTICE POPULATIONS By William P. Hutzler Patricia A. Insley Betty Lou Bantor 29 May 1985

Topological signatures of interstellar magnetic fields - I. Betti numbers and persistence diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makarenko, Irina; Shukurov, Anvar; Henderson, Robin; Rodrigues, Luiz F. S.; Bushby, Paul; Fletcher, Andrew

2018-04-01

The interstellar medium (ISM) is a magnetized system in which transonic or supersonic turbulence is driven by supernova explosions. This leads to the production of intermittent, filamentary structures in the ISM gas density, whilst the associated dynamo action also produces intermittent magnetic fields. The traditional theory of random functions, restricted to second-order statistical moments (or power spectra), does not adequately describe such systems. We apply topological data analysis (TDA), sensitive to all statistical moments and independent of the assumption of Gaussian statistics, to the gas density fluctuations in a magnetohydrodynamic simulation of the multiphase ISM. This simulation admits dynamo action, so produces physically realistic magnetic fields. The topology of the gas distribution, with and without magnetic fields, is quantified in terms of Betti numbers and persistence diagrams. Like the more standard correlation analysis, TDA shows that the ISM gas density is sensitive to the presence of magnetic fields. However, TDA gives us important additional information that cannot be obtained from correlation functions. In particular, the Betti numbers per correlation cell are shown to be physically informative. Magnetic fields make the ISM more homogeneous, reducing the abundance of both isolated gas clouds and cavities, with a stronger effect on the cavities. Remarkably, the modification of the gas distribution by magnetic fields is captured by the Betti numbers even in regions more than 300 pc from the mid-plane, where the magnetic field is weaker and correlation analysis fails to detect any signatures of magnetic effects.

Obituary: Elisabetta (Betty) Pierazzo (1963-2011)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sykes, Mark

2011-12-01

Elisabetta Pierazzo, Senior Scientist at the Planetary Science Institute, died at her home in Tucson, Arizona, on May 15. She was 47. Betty was an expert in the area of impact modeling throughout the solar system, as well as an expert on the astrobiological and environmental effects of impacts on Earth and Mars. Her work ranged widely, from providing detailed insights into the Chicxulub impact that caused the extinction of the dinosaurs to putting constraints on the thickness of the ice shell of Jupiter's moon Europa. She was interested in the rise of life and explored the delivery of organics to planets and Europa by comets as well as the creation of subsurface hydrothermal systems by impacts that may have been favorable sites for life on Mars. She was also an expert on Meteor Crater in Arizona and made several appearances on national and international broadcasts of programs including National Geographic specials, explaining the formation of this well-known structure. Betty was innovative, rigorous and systematic in her approach to science. She recognized the need for benchmarking and validating the different complex numerical codes to model impact and explosion cratering, organizing and leading a community effort to accomplish this major task. In addition to her science, Betty passionately promoted science education and public outreach. She took time away from her successful research career to teach undergraduates at the University of Arizona, she developed interactive websites and impact rock and meteorite kits for classroom use, as well as created professional development workshops for elementary and middle school science teachers. Betty arrived in the United States in 1989 from Italy and the following year attended graduate school at the Department of Planetary Sciences at the University of Arizona. She handled the difficulties of living in a foreign country by opening her house and her kitchen to others. She received her Ph.D. in 1997. The quality of her graduate work was recognized by the University of Arizona with the Gerard P. Kuiper Memorial Award. She continued at the University of Arizona as a Research Associate, and in 2002 joined the Planetary Science Institute as a Research Scientist. She was promoted to Senior Scientist in 2007. Betty was an active member of the planetary community. She served on numerous NASA review panels, was an associate editor of Meteoritics and Planetary Sciences, reviewed papers for numerous scientific journals, served as organizer of workshops and meetings on impact cratering held around the world, and was an organizer of the 2007 Meteoritical Society Meeting held in Tucson, Arizona. Betty was noted for the intensity with which she approached both life and work. Whether it was in the office, the classroom, on the volleyball court, the soccer field, or dance floor, her enthusiasm and joy in the activity was irresistible. She was cherished by very many people for her staunch friendship and support. She inspired countless people as a colleague, teacher, mentor and friend. Her life was even more brightened with her marriage to Keith Powell in 2007. Over the past six months, Betty battled a rare form of cancer. She dealt with it aggressively, and never let it overwhelm her. She was always looking towards the future. In the last week of her life, in the midst of chemotherapy, she was grading class papers, working on research papers, writing reviews and preparing education proposals with her colleagues, all the while finding time to spend precious moments with her family and friends. She was ultimately and suddenly struck down by a pulmonary embolism. Her loss is great to all those who knew her and worked with her. Hers is a great loss to the Planetary Science Institute and to our profession. We are grateful to her husband, Keith, and to her family for the time she did have with us.

U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson of Florida during medical tests at JSC's Clinic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1985-01-01

U.S. Rep. Bill Nelson of Florida during medical tests at JSC's Clinic. Photos include Rep. Nelson talking to Sharon Briceno (center) and Betty Lord before the tests begin. The congressman's torso bears a number of sensors for the testing (40835); Portrait view of Rep. Nelson with sensors attached to his chest (40836); Rep. Nelson gets some assistance from nurses at the clinic as he prepares to participate in medical tests. Help is provided by Betty Lord, right, and Sharon Briceno (40837); Rep. Nelson is being assisted to don 'halo' device for tests (40838); Rep. Nelson runs in place on a treadmill device (40839).

K-theory of locally finite graph C∗-algebras

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iyudu, Natalia

2013-09-01

We calculate the K-theory of the Cuntz-Krieger algebra OE associated with an infinite, locally finite graph, via the Bass-Hashimoto operator. The formulae we get express the Grothendieck group and the Whitehead group in purely graph theoretic terms. We consider the category of finite (black-and-white, bi-directed) subgraphs with certain graph homomorphisms and construct a continuous functor to abelian groups. In this category K0 is an inductive limit of K-groups of finite graphs, which were calculated in Cornelissen et al. (2008) [3]. In the case of an infinite graph with the finite Betti number we obtain the formula for the Grothendieck group K0(OE)=Z, where β(E) is the first Betti number and γ(E) is the valency number of the graph E. We note that in the infinite case the torsion part of K0, which is present in the case of a finite graph, vanishes. The Whitehead group depends only on the first Betti number: K1(OE)=Z. These allow us to provide a counterexample to the fact, which holds for finite graphs, that K1(OE) is the torsion free part of K0(OE).

Topology driven modeling: the IS metaphor.

PubMed

Merelli, Emanuela; Pettini, Marco; Rasetti, Mario

In order to define a new method for analyzing the immune system within the realm of Big Data, we bear on the metaphor provided by an extension of Parisi's model, based on a mean field approach. The novelty is the multilinearity of the couplings in the configurational variables. This peculiarity allows us to compare the partition function [Formula: see text] with a particular functor of topological field theory-the generating function of the Betti numbers of the state manifold of the system-which contains the same global information of the system configurations and of the data set representing them. The comparison between the Betti numbers of the model and the real Betti numbers obtained from the topological analysis of phenomenological data, is expected to discover hidden n-ary relations among idiotypes and anti-idiotypes. The data topological analysis will select global features, reducible neither to a mere subgraph nor to a metric or vector space. How the immune system reacts, how it evolves, how it responds to stimuli is the result of an interaction that took place among many entities constrained in specific configurations which are relational. Within this metaphor, the proposed method turns out to be a global topological application of the S[B] paradigm for modeling complex systems.

Statistics for nuclear engineers and scientists. Part 1. Basic statistical inference

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Beggs, W.J.

1981-02-01

This report is intended for the use of engineers and scientists working in the nuclear industry, especially at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory. It serves as the basis for several Bettis in-house statistics courses. The objectives of the report are to introduce the reader to the language and concepts of statistics and to provide a basic set of techniques to apply to problems of the collection and analysis of data. Part 1 covers subjects of basic inference. The subjects include: descriptive statistics; probability; simple inference for normally distributed populations, and for non-normal populations as well; comparison of two populations; themore » analysis of variance; quality control procedures; and linear regression analysis.« less

Betti numbers of holomorphic symplectic quotients via arithmetic Fourier transform.

PubMed

Hausel, Tamás

2006-04-18

A Fourier transform technique is introduced for counting the number of solutions of holomorphic moment map equations over a finite field. This technique in turn gives information on Betti numbers of holomorphic symplectic quotients. As a consequence, simple unified proofs are obtained for formulas of Poincaré polynomials of toric hyperkähler varieties (recovering results of Bielawski-Dancer and Hausel-Sturmfels), Poincaré polynomials of Hilbert schemes of points and twisted Atiyah-Drinfeld-Hitchin-Manin (ADHM) spaces of instantons on C2 (recovering results of Nakajima-Yoshioka), and Poincaré polynomials of all Nakajima quiver varieties. As an application, a proof of a conjecture of Kac on the number of absolutely indecomposable representations of a quiver is announced.

Betti multiplets, flows across dimensions and c-extremization

DOE PAGES

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

2017-07-10

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0; 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2d, similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4d. There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet,more » dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS 5 to AdS 3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS 3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.« less

Betti multiplets, flows across dimensions and c-extremization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

2017-07-01

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0, 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2 d , similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4 d . There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet, dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS5 to AdS3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.

Lesbian identity and the politics of representation in Betty Parsons's gallery.

PubMed

Gibson, A

1994-01-01

Although Betty Parsons had been unusually open about her love relationships with women in the twenties and thirties, she later became reticent, retiring to the closet. Her increased discretion after World War II, during the Cold War, coincided with her rise as the art dealer most prominently associated with the international emergence of Abstract Expressionism. Parsons incurred the objections of her Abstract Expressionists, however, by showing artists who included both abstraction and naturalism in their work, such as Sonia Sekula, Forrest Bess, and Hedda Sterne. This article examines her definition of abstraction as difference through her friend Theodoros Stamos's notion of camp and helps to explain her admiration of Barnett Newman despite her refusal to devote her gallery exclusively to his narrower version of significant abstraction.

CHROMIUM PLATING FOR PROTECTION AGAINST STRESS CORROSION CRACKING OF HARDENED AISI 410 STEEL

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suss, H.

1958-04-22

Because of its high corrosion resistance properties, chromium electroplate should offer protection to AISI 419 steel against stress corrosion cracking. Tests have been made (KAPL and Bettis) on chromium plates on test specimens as deposited by two different sources in conformance with Bettis and USMC specifications. These deposits either offered protection to hardened (RC36- 42) AISI 410 against stress corrosion cracking, or caused accelerated stress corrosion cracking under conditions which did not crack unplated material. At present there is no significant data which could give definite clues for these extreme differences in the corrosive protective values. The results of testsmore » so far strongly question tbe value of chromium plate as a means to protect AISI 410 against stress corrosion cracking. (A.C.)« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Berres, Anne Sabine

This slide presentation describes basic topological concepts, including topological spaces, homeomorphisms, homotopy, betti numbers. Scalar field topology explores finding topological features and scalar field visualization, and vector field topology explores finding topological features and vector field visualization.

Florikan Award for work with Veggie Project

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-16

Ed and Betty Rosenthal, founders of Florikan Fertilizer Corp., left, and Gioia Massa, NASA payload scientist for Veggie, observe ground control experiments in the Veggie Lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 16.

Florikan Award for work with Veggie Project

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-16

Gioia Massa, NASA payload scientist for Veggie, left, Betty and Ed Rosenthal, founders of Florikan Fertilizer Corp., observe ground control experiments in the Veggie Lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 16.

Florikan Award for work with Veggie Project

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-02-16

Gioia Massa, NASA payload scientist for Veggie, center, shows Ed and Betty Rosenthal, founders of Florikan Fertilizer Corp., the ground control experiments in the Veggie Lab at NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Feb. 16.

Teachable Agents and the Protégé Effect: Increasing the Effort Towards Learning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chase, Catherine C.; Chin, Doris B.; Oppezzo, Marily A.; Schwartz, Daniel L.

2009-08-01

Betty's Brain is a computer-based learning environment that capitalizes on the social aspects of learning. In Betty's Brain, students instruct a character called a Teachable Agent (TA) which can reason based on how it is taught. Two studies demonstrate the protégé effect: students make greater effort to learn for their TAs than they do for themselves. The first study involved 8th-grade students learning biology. Although all students worked with the same Betty's Brain software, students in the TA condition believed they were teaching their TAs, while in another condition, they believed they were learning for themselves. TA students spent more time on learning activities (e.g., reading) and also learned more. These beneficial effects were most pronounced for lower achieving children. The second study used a verbal protocol with 5th-grade students to determine the possible causes of the protégé effect. As before, students learned either for their TAs or for themselves. Like study 1, students in the TA condition spent more time on learning activities. These children treated their TAs socially by attributing mental states and responsibility to them. They were also more likely to acknowledge errors by displaying negative affect and making attributions for the causes of failures. Perhaps having a TA invokes a sense of responsibility that motivates learning, provides an environment in which knowledge can be improved through revision, and protects students' egos from the psychological ramifications of failure.

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

. Polger P. Comparative Analysis of a New Integration Method With Certain Standard Methods (.PDF file) 52 file) 169 1978 Gerrity J. Elemental-Filter Design Considerations (.PDF file) 170 1978 Shuman F. G

Submitting MIGS, MIMS, MIENS Information to EMBL and Standards and the Sequencing Pipelines of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GSC8 Meeting)

ScienceCinema

Vaughan, Bob; Kaye, Jon

2018-01-24

The Genomic Standards Consortium was formed in September 2005. It is an international, open-membership working body which promotes standardization in the description of genomes and the exchange and integration of genomic data. The 2009 meeting was an activity of a five-year funding "Research Coordination Network" from the National Science Foundation and was organized held at the DOE Joint Genome Institute with organizational support provided by the JGI and by the University of California - San Diego. Bob Vaughan of EMBL on submitting MIGS/MIMS/MIENS information to EMBL-EBI's system, followed by a brief talk from Jon Kaye of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation on standards and the foundation's sequencing pipelines at the Genomic Standards Consortium's 8th meeting at the DOE JGI in Walnut Creek, CA on Sept. 9, 2009.

Use of a CO{sub 2} pellet non-destructive cleaning system to decontaminate radiological waste and equipment in shielded hot cells at the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bench, T.R.

1997-05-01

This paper details how the Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory modified and utilized a commercially available, solid carbon dioxide (CO{sub 2}) pellet, non-destructive cleaning system to support the disposition and disposal of radioactive waste from shielded hot cells. Some waste materials and equipment accumulated in the shielded hot cells cannot be disposed directly because they are contaminated with transuranic materials (elements with atomic numbers greater than that of uranium) above waste disposal site regulatory limits. A commercially available CO{sub 2} pellet non-destructive cleaning system was extensively modified for remote operation inside a shielded hot cell to remove the transuranic contaminants frommore » the waste and equipment without generating any secondary waste in the process. The removed transuranic contaminants are simultaneously captured, consolidated, and retained for later disposal at a transuranic waste facility.« less

Summary of Prometheus Radiation Shielding Nuclear Design Analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

J. Stephens

2006-01-13

This report transmits a summary of radiation shielding nuclear design studies performed to support the Prometheus project. Together, the enclosures and references associated with this document describe NRPCT (KAPL & Bettis) shielding nuclear design analyses done for the project.

77 FR 41188 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company Correction

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-12

... Revocable Trust Created by Jeffrey S. Roschman, Jeffrey Roschman, trustee; CT Foundation, Betty Roschman, Roschman Restaurant Administration, and Kerry Roschman, all of Fort Lauderdale, Florida, to collectively...

77 FR 61781 - Notice of Public Meeting, Pecos District Resource Advisory Council Meeting, New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-10-11

... written comments to the RAC, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Betty Hicks, Pecos District, Bureau of Land Management, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201, 575-627-0242...

77 FR 32174 - Innovative Transit Workforce Development Program

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-31

... project, such as design or technological innovations, reductions in cost or time, environmental benefits... CONTACT: Betty Jackson, FTA Office of Research and Innovation, 1200 New Jersey Avenue SE., Washington, DC... selected based on the following criteria: National Applicability Statement of Need Innovation Project...

Strategies for Promoting Pluralism in Education and the Workplace.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Welch, Lynne Brodie, Ed.; Cleckley, Betty Jane, Ed.; McClure, Marilyn, Ed.

The following papers are included: "Multiculturalism: A Matter of Essentiality" (Betty Jane Cleckley assisted by Boyd Evans and Jonathan Porter); "A Deconstructionist Approach to Multicultural Education" (Susan Marnell Weaver); "Intercultural Communication Competence: A Strategy for a Multicultural Campus" (Bertram W.…

32 CFR 806.30 - FOIA exempt information examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... crash; I heard a man scream “My Lord NO!” then I saw Betty Battle come out of the house with dark stains on her clothes—she got into her car and drove away. I could see this really well, because the...

32 CFR 806.30 - FOIA exempt information examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... crash; I heard a man scream “My Lord NO!” then I saw Betty Battle come out of the house with dark stains on her clothes—she got into her car and drove away. I could see this really well, because the...

32 CFR 806.30 - FOIA exempt information examples.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... crash; I heard a man scream “My Lord NO!” then I saw Betty Battle come out of the house with dark stains on her clothes—she got into her car and drove away. I could see this really well, because the...

Critter Folk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hubbard, Kathy

2009-01-01

This article describes an exhibit entitled "Critter Folk" for the Betty Foy Sanders department of art at Georgia Southern University. The theme of the exhibit is folk art "critters"--crocodiles, chickens, cows, snakes, elephants, cats--from the Smith Callaway Banks Southern Folk Art Collection. The organizers invited two…

Journal Holdings - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

Resources NCEP Office Notes IT Resources Request an item* University of Maryland Research Affiliate Contact for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications & Research (STAR (1949 - 1985) Series B (1948 - 1986) Arctic and Alpine Research Electronic version available through

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

Resources NCEP Office Notes IT Resources Request an item* University of Maryland Research Affiliate Contact for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications & Research (STAR . Evaluating Numerical Model Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (.PDF file) 368 1990 Gerald V. OPC Unified

Selected Works: 1990-1994

DTIC Science & Technology

1995-08-01

soldiers: 43 tanks: 37 Isaacs, Betty: 336 Isherwood, Mike: 336 Ishikawa , Kaoru : 263 Isolationism: 137 Israel: 29, 229, 335 383 Israeli Air Force: 335...Deming, Juran, Ishikawa , and others—have long been practiced by the Air Force. We’ve used these principles from our beginnings as an institution—long

75 FR 21020 - Notice of Proposed Information Collection: Comment Request; Application for Insurance Benefits...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-22

... Information Collection: Comment Request; Application for Insurance Benefits; Multifamily Mortgage AGENCY... Service (1-800-877-8339). FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Betty Belin, Director, Multifamily Claims...: Multifamily Mortgagee's Application for Insurance Benefits. OMB Control Number, if applicable: 2502-0419...

Fish farming in land-based closed-containment systems

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

'An International Summit on Fish Farming in Land-Based Closed-Containment Systems' was hosted by the Conservation Fund's Freshwater Institute, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF), the Atlantic Salmon Federation (ASF), and Tides Canada (TC) at the National Conservation Training Center in She...

Spouse Influence in Army Organizational Change

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

Change," 35. 11 John M. Ivancevich , and Michael T. Matteson, Organizational Behavior and Management (New York: McGraw-Hill, 2002), 628. 12 The eight...Hines, Marjorie, interview by Betty Rutherford. Interview with Marjorie Hines for the Army Family Oral History Project (April 28, 1998). Ivancevich

Leader’s Guide to Crew Endurance

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-08-01

Dwight Lindsey, Systems Safety Branch, USASC Ms. Betty Marcum, USASC, editor LOCAL REPRODUCTION IS AUTHORIZED AND ENCOURAGED Foreword Stress, fatigue...Avoid using hypnotics to induce sleep in soldiers who have been kept awake on stimulants (and vice versa). "* Stimulants are only a temporary solution

77 FR 43115 - Notice of Temporary Closure of Betty's Kitchen Wildlife and Interpretive Area, Yuma County, AZ

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-23

... Road, Yuma, Arizona 85365, via email at [email protected] , or telephone 928-317-3200. Persons who use a... closure is needed to reduce or eliminate the likelihood of accidents to visitors while fishing, picnicking...

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

Resources NCEP Office Notes IT Resources Request an item* University of Maryland Research Affiliate Contact for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications & Research (STAR : Justifying new Arctic Observation Capabilities (.PDF file) 474 2013 Purser, R. James Comparative

Items New to the Collection - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

Symbolic-numeric Methods. Springer Verlag. Ambaum MHP. 2010. Thermal physics of the atmosphere. Hoboken ; Boston, Mass.: American Meteorological Society. Tarantola A. 1987. Inverse Problem Theory Methods for Wiley & Sons. Wilks DS. 2010. Statistical methods in the atmospheric sciences. Amsterdam: Elsevier

Case Studies in Fracture Mechanics

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-06-01

34, Proceedings of the JANNAF OSWG & SMBWG Combined Annual Meeting, CPIA Publication No. 264 , The John Hopkins Uriversity, p. 383, May 1975. 9. Macbeth, A...Performing Structural Analyses", Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, WAPD -TM-1140, February 1975. 3. J. L. Gordon, "OUTCUR: An Automated Evaluation of Two

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

Resources NCEP Office Notes IT Resources Request an item* University of Maryland Research Affiliate Contact for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) NESDIS Center for Satellite Applications & Research (STAR (*revised) (.PDF file) 29 1969 1990* Automation Division Staff NMC Format For Observational Data (ADP

The Pioneering Legacy of Betty Ford | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... As a journalist, I had the opportunity to interview her several times and she was just fascinating. She was a wonderful woman who stood up for any human being struggling in the shadows of their personal pain. One of my highlights as First Lady ...

TESL Reporter, Vol. 4, No. 4.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pack, Alice E., Ed.

This issue contains the following articles: "Behaviorist and Rationalist Psychology and Language Teaching Theory," by William Gallagher; "TESL and Speech Communication," by Kay M. Yamada; "More on Using a Telephone Directory to Teach English as a Second language," by Betty M. Crethar; and "Supplementation of Opposites in Simple Predicate…

Testing Testing Testing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Deville, Craig; O'Neill, Thomas; Wright, Benjamin D.; Woodcock, Richard W.; Munoz-Sandoval, Ana; Gershon, Richard C.; Bergstrom, Betty

1998-01-01

Articles in this special section consider (1) flow in test taking (Craig Deville); (2) testwiseness (Thomas O'Neill); (3) test length (Benjamin Wright); (4) cross-language test equating (Richard W. Woodcock and Ana Munoz-Sandoval); (5) computer-assisted testing and testwiseness (Richard Gershon and Betty Bergstrom); and (6) Web-enhanced testing…

School Library Media Program Connections for Learning.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bookmark, 1991

1991-01-01

The 29 articles in this theme issue of "The Bookmark" focus on various aspects of school library media programs. The articles are as follows: (1) "School Library Media Program Connections for Learning" (Betty J. Morris); (2) "Humanity and Technology in the School of the Future" (Michael V. McGill); (3) "Community…

Proceedings of the American Vocational Education Research Association (San Diego, California, December 7-10, 2000).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2000

The following 14 papers, with abstracts and references, are compiled in this conference proceedings: "Exploring the Roles and Duties of Vocational Special Needs Educators" (Melanie Fagert); "Professional Competencies for Provisionally Licensed Career and Technical Education Teachers in Virginia" (Betty Heath-Camp, Daisy L.…

Health Instruction Packages: Pregnancy and Childbirth.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ostrander, Betty; And Others

Text, illustrations, and reinforcement exercises are utilized in these nine learning modules to instruct nurses and expectant mothers in topics related to pre-natal care, labor, and post-partum readjustment. The first module, "Pre-Natal Evaluation" by Betty Ostrander, teaches the nurse to diagnose toxemia of pregnancy. The second module,…

Developing Professional-Level Language Proficiency.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leaver, Betty Lou, Ed.; Shekhtman, Boris, Ed.

This collection of papers examines approaches to teaching near-native ability in foreign languages. The 13 papers focus on the following: (1) "Principles and Practices in Teaching Superior-Level Language Skills: Not Just More of the Same" (Betty Lou Leaver and Boris Shekhtman); (2) "Toward Academic Level Foreign Language Abilities:…

Former Presidents Reflect on 20 Years of NCSSSMST

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Templin, Elizabeth, Comp.

2008-01-01

The Consortium celebrated its 20th anniversary at the 2008 Professional Conference in Dallas, Texas in February 2008. Founding president Stephanie Pace Marshall and former presidents Joan Barber, Janet Hugo, Ron Laugen, Cheryl Lindeman, Dennis Lundgren, and Betty Stapp responded to questions about the organization and their involvement with…

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

Filters to Variational Statistical Analysis with Spatially Inhomogeneous Covariances (.PDF file) 432 2001 file) 456 2008 Purser, R. James Normalization Of The Diffusive Filters That Represent The Inhomogeneous file) 457 2008 Purser, R. James Normalization Of The Diffusive Filters That Represent The Inhomogeneous

Analyzing the Temporal Evolution of Students' Behaviors in Open-Ended Learning Environments

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinnebrew, John S.; Segedy, James R.; Biswas, Gautam

2014-01-01

Metacognition and self-regulation are important for developing effective learning in the classroom and beyond, but novice learners often lack effective metacognitive and self-regulatory skills. However, researchers have demonstrated that metacognitive processes can be developed through practice and appropriate scaffolding. Betty's Brain, an…

American Vocational Education Research Association Proceedings, Annual Convention (Las Vegas, Nevada, December 11-14, 1997).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stitt-Gohdes, Wanda

This proceedings includes the following papers and carousel presentations: "Information Technology Related Career Development Needs of Secondary Vocational Teachers" (Joe W. Kotrlik, Betty C. Harrison, Donna H. Redmann, Cindy S. Handley); "Do Gender and Academic Risk Matter? Influences on Career Decision Making and Occupational…

Library Programs. Evaluating Federally Funded Public Library Programs.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Office of Educational Research and Improvement (ED), Washington, DC.

Following an introduction by Betty J. Turock, nine reports examine key issues in library evaluation: (1) "Output Measures and the Evaluation Process" (Nancy A. Van House) describes measurement as a concept to be understood in the larger context of planning and evaluation; (2) "Adapting Output Measures to Program Evaluation"…

Information Technology: Making It All Fit. Track III: Financial Impact and Considerations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

CAUSE, Boulder, CO.

Seven papers from the 1988 CAUSE conference's Track III, Financial Impact and Considerations, are presented. They include: "Providing Applications Development Services in a Competitive Environment" (Donald E. Heller and Mary Ellen Bushnell); "The Cost of Not Staying Current" (Jack T. Tinsley and Betty R. Nyer); "Project…

The Woman in Mangement. Career and Family Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Farley, Jennie, Ed.

In chapter 1 of this volume of conference proceedings, economist Juanita M. Kreps traces the effects of demographic and social changes on the role of women in the economy. Chapter 2 presents management consultant Betty Lehan Harragan's "gamesmanship" thesis. In chapter 3, sociologist Rosabeth Moss Kanter analyzes the role of high technology in…

Come into My Parlor: "Rendition", "Ugly Betty", and Rude Awakening from the American Dream

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beck, Bernard

2008-01-01

Although the national ideology emphasizes that the American Dream is available to immigrants, recent events have made public opinion hostile to two groups, Mexicans and Arabs. Popular culture has played a historic role in presenting sympathetic portrayals of immigrants and their assimilation to American culture. Current depictions of Mexican…

IT Resources - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

Available NOAA-wide. Note: This link takes you to a nonfederal website. Guide for usage Apress.com Free eBooks Free eBooks available through Apress publishers. Topics include PHP, Perl, and programming VB .Net . Note: This link takes you to a nonfederal website. Online Programming Books Free programming books

ARC-2010-ACD10-0123-001

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-06-24

Park Avenue Elementary Teachers Visit / Thank You for Donation of Computers. From left to right are Dennis Wingo, Skycorp, Damon Reid, Property Disposal Officer NASA Ames, Andy Dominguez, Property Disposal Specialist NASA Ames, Kenneth Zin, PKZ Corp. Pete Worden, Director, NASA Ames Research Center, Sergio Torres, Vice Principle Park Avenue Elementary, unkown, Betty Maxwell, Speech Languare Pathologist.

Management of the Business Classroom. National Business Education Association Yearbook, No. 39.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brown, Betty J., Ed.

This document contains 15 papers devoted to the theme of management of business education. "Management of Business Education: A Perspective" (Betty J. Brown) discusses business education as education about business and education for business. The following papers explore the theme of managing the curriculum: "The Basic Business and Economic…

Objective Truths and the Leading of Children: A Response to Rheta DeVries, Betty Zan, and Carolyn Hildebrandt.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goodman, Joan F.

2002-01-01

Presents points of agreement with DeVries, Zan, and Hildebrandt: overall educational philosophy, the developmental path from egocentrism to reciprocity, and educational approaches when fundamental ethical principles are at stake. Examines the substantial differences in perspectives regarding the substance of morality, the process of teaching…

RSCREEN and OPGEN: Two Problem Structuring Decision Aids Which Employ Decision Templates

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-10-01

example, a hierarchical taxonomy could be provided to the user (something like a Dewey Decimal System for models), either as a complete directory or as...Attention: DDC -TC Cameron Station Alexandria, Virginia 22314 DCASMA Baltimore Office 1 copy Attention: Mrs. Betty L. Drisk-11 300 East Joppa Road Towson

Tools to Harness the Potential of Earth Observations for Water Quality Reporting and Management

EPA Science Inventory

The second IOCS meeting was convened by the IOCCG and was held in San Francisco, USA from 15-18 June 2015, with NASA and NOAA as the primary sponsors of the meeting. Additional sponsorship was obtained from ESA, EUMETSAT, CNES, SCOR and the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation. All or...

J.B. Nash Lecture Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gray, Howard R., Comp.; And Others

The following lectures are presented in this publication: (1) "The Dynamics of Recreation" (Betty Van der Smissen); (2) "Recreation Prospects" (Edith L. Ball); (3) "A View of the Past--A Bridge to the Future" (Allen V. Sapora); (4) "Coming to Grips with the New Leisure" (Richard G. Kraus); (5) "The Mild Blue Yonder--Changing Lifestyles and…

The NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project: A Research Agenda

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-01

331-339. Technical Writing Teacher 4:3 (Spring 1977): 83-88. Monge, Peter R.; James D. Schriner Bettie F. Farace ; and Dewhirst, H. Dudley; Richard D...Avery; and Edward Richard V. Farace . The Assessment of NASA Tech- M. Brown. "Satisfaction and Performance in Re- nical Information. NASA CR-181367

Real Improvement for Real Students: Test Smarter, Serve Better

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sternberg, Betty J.

2006-01-01

In this essay, Betty J. Sternberg argues that the increased money and time spent on meeting the summative testing requirements of the No Child Left Behind Act (NCLB) adds little to the existing "gold standard" testing conducted by the State of Connecticut. Sternberg highlights the challenges faced by one state in meeting the requirements…

Body and Language: Intercultural Learning through Drama. Advances in Foreign and Second Language Pedagogy.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brauer, Gerd, Ed.

This third volume in a series provides an introduction to the use of drama in the foreign and second language classroom, highlighting the bridging character of drama-based teaching for intercultural learning. Twelve chapters include: (1) "Understanding Drama-Based Education" (Betty Jane Wagner); (2) "Intercultural Recognitions…

Betty Kirby: Travels and Translations in the Kindergarten

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherwood, Elizabeth A.; Freshwater, Amy

2009-01-01

This article examines the pervasive influence of progressive education and travel on a public school kindergarten teacher's professional life. In a statement included in her handwritten list of goals for the children in her classroom, she echoed John Dewey, noting that a kindergarten child should "....live life fully and well because this is a…

Identifying Learning Behaviors by Contextualizing Differential Sequence Mining with Action Features and Performance Evolution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinnebrew, John S.; Biswas, Gautam

2012-01-01

Our learning-by-teaching environment, Betty's Brain, captures a wealth of data on students' learning interactions as they teach a virtual agent. This paper extends an exploratory data mining methodology for assessing and comparing students' learning behaviors from these interaction traces. The core algorithm employs sequence mining techniques to…

Kirkham’s legacy and contemporary challenges in soil physics research

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

This paper, written by the winners of the Don and Betty Kirkham Award in Soil Physics, is dedicated to the legacy of Don Kirkham. It describes eight longstanding or emerging research areas in soil physics that contain key unsolved problems. All are field-oriented with applications to a number of imp...

Databases and Electronic Resources - Betty Petersen Memorial Library

Science.gov Websites

of NOAA-Wide and Open Access Databases on the NOAA Central Library website. American Meteorological to a nonfederal website. Open Science Directory Open Science Directory contains collections of Open Access Journals (e.g. Directory of Open Access Journals) and journals in the special programs (Hinari

Extending residential care through telephone counseling: Initial results from the Betty Ford Center Focused Continuing Care protocol

PubMed Central

Cacciola, John S.; Camilleri, Amy C.; Carise, Deni; Rikoon, Samuel H.; McKay, James R.; McLellan, A. Thomas; Wilson, Cheryl; Schwarzlose, John T.

2009-01-01

There is increasing evidence that a chronic care model may be effective when treating substance use disorders. In 1996, the Betty Ford Center (BFC) began implementing a telephone-based continuing care intervention now called Focused Continuing Care (FCC) to assist and support patients in their transition from residential treatment to longer-term recovery in the “real world”. This article reports on patient utilization and outcomes of FCC. FCC staff placed clinically directed telephone calls to patients (N=4094) throughout the first year after discharge. During each call, a short survey was administered to gauge patient recovery and guide the session. Patients completed an average of 5.5 (40%) of 14 scheduled calls, 58% completed 5 or more calls, and 85% were participating in FCC two months post-discharge or later. There was preliminary evidence that greater participation in FCC yielded more positive outcomes and that early post-discharge behaviors predict subsequent outcomes. FCC appears to be a feasible therapeutic option. Efforts to revise FCC to enhance its clinical and administrative value are described. PMID:18539402

Determination of Stress Coefficient Terms in Cracked Solids for Monoclinic Materials with Plane Symmetry at x3 = 0

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuan, F. G.

1998-01-01

Determination of all the coefficients in the crack tip field expansion for monoclinic materials under two-dimensional deformation is presented in this report. For monoclinic materials with a plane of material symmetry at x(sub 3) = 0, the in-plane deformation is decoupled from the anti-plane deformation. In the case of in-plane deformation, utilizing conservation laws of elasticity and Betti's reciprocal theorem, together with selected auxiliary fields, T-stress and third-order stress coefficients near the crack tip are evaluated first from path-independent line integrals. To determine the T-stress terms using the J-integral and Betti's reciprocal work theorem, auxiliary fields under a concentrated force and moment acting at the crack tip are used respectively. Through the use of Stroh formalism in anisotropic elasticity, analytical expressions for all the coefficients including the stress intensity factors are derived in a compact form that has surprisingly simple structure in terms of the Barnett-Lothe tensors, L. The solution forms for degenerated materials, orthotropic, and isotropic materials are presented.

Persistent homology and non-Gaussianity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cole, Alex; Shiu, Gary

2018-03-01

In this paper, we introduce the topological persistence diagram as a statistic for Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) temperature anisotropy maps. A central concept in 'Topological Data Analysis' (TDA), the idea of persistence is to represent a data set by a family of topological spaces. One then examines how long topological features 'persist' as the family of spaces is traversed. We compute persistence diagrams for simulated CMB temperature anisotropy maps featuring various levels of primordial non-Gaussianity of local type. Postponing the analysis of observational effects, we show that persistence diagrams are more sensitive to local non-Gaussianity than previous topological statistics including the genus and Betti number curves, and can constrain Δ fNLloc= 35.8 at the 68% confidence level on the simulation set, compared to Δ fNLloc= 60.6 for the Betti number curves. Given the resolution of our simulations, we expect applying persistence diagrams to observational data will give constraints competitive with those of the Minkowski Functionals. This is the first in a series of papers where we plan to apply TDA to different shapes of non-Gaussianity in the CMB and Large Scale Structure.

From Rhetoric to Reality. Proceedings of the Annual Midwinter Conference for Adult Education in Pennsylvania. (11th, February 19-22, 1976).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blake, Joseph F., Ed.; Keyes, Erma D., Ed.

The speeches presented in this conference report cover various aspects of adult education. The main address analyzes adult education as it has progressed over recent years. Other topics are "From Rhetoric to Reality" (Betty Ward); "Some Realities of Adult Education: One Rhetorician's View" (Herman Hermanowicz); "Adult…

Betty Petersen Memorial Library - NCWCP Publications - NWS

Science.gov Websites

(.PDF file) 254 1982 Smith W. 1-2 Day Comparative BWB and LFM Threat Scores and Bias 1971 - 1982 (.PDF Stackpole J. Tracton M. S. Comparative Evaluation of ECMWF and NMC Spectral Forecasts February - July 1982 file) 269 1983 Smith W. 1-2 Day Comparative BWB and LFM Threat Scores, No Precipitation Threat Scores

77 FR 16856 - Notice of Public Meeting, Pecos District Resource Advisory Council Meeting, New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-03-22

.... 2nd Street, Roswell, NM, on April 11, with a tour for RAC members of Restore New Mexico vegetative.... 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Betty Hicks, Pecos District, Bureau of Land Management, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201, 575-627-0242. Persons who use a...

Betty Is a Bouncing Bubble: Children's Comprehension of Emotion-Descriptive Metaphors.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waggoner, John E.; Palermo, David S.

1989-01-01

Two experiments provide strong evidence that very young children are capable of constructing the meaning of metaphors pertaining to psychological phenomena, even when not given opportunity to derive the meaning of the metaphor from context alone. Subjects at all ages from five years to college age were able to achieve above-chance levels of…

The Power of Informal Talk

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blomberg, Grace

2011-01-01

As a classroom teacher for the past eight years, the author finds it important to read professional texts, both dated and current, to learn from what has worked in the past and of new, innovative practices to reinvigorate her lesson plans. This year, she read an older yet pertinent study by Betty Hart and Todd R. Risley called "Meaningful…

6 Ways to Teach the 6 Traits of Writing

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hollas, Betty

2006-01-01

In this book, experienced educator and presenter Betty Hollas offers scores of strategies for building strong writers in the classroom. Designed with an eye to saving teachers time, the book focuses on: (1) The 3 key things every student needs to remember about each trait; (2) Which books make good read-alouds for the classroom--even for just…

Risk Stratification of Stress Fractures and Prediction of Return-to-Duty

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-12-01

African-American) and 20 male; [month 7-28] Done 4) Perform standard whole bone finite element analysis [month 7-28]. Done 5) Perform data cleaning and...NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Kristin Popp M Mary Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Mary Bouxsein 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: kpopp

The Community Science Workshop Network Story: Case Studies of the CSW Sites

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

St. John, Mark

2014-01-01

The Community Science Workshops (CSWs)--with funding from the S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation--created a network among the CSW sites in California. The goals of the CSW Network project have been to improve programs, build capacity throughout the Network, and establish new sites. Inverness Research has been…

The Community Science Workshop Network Story: Becoming a Networked Organization

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

St. John, Mark

2014-01-01

The Community Science Workshops (CSWs)--with funding from the S.D. Bechtel, Jr. Foundation, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation--created a network among the CSW sites in California. The goals of the CSW Network project have been to improve programs, build capacity throughout the Network, and establish new sites. Inverness Research has been…

A Sense of Themselves: Elizabeth Murray's Leadership in School and Community.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harris, Carol E.

This biography profiles the late Elizabeth (Betty) Murray, an educator and community leader from Tatamagouche, Nova Scotia (Canada). Chapter 1 looks at Murray's leadership skills as, at age 77, she prepared and directed her annual musical in which the people of Tatamagouche recreate a significant moment in their village history. Chapter 2 moves…

Both Sides Now: Visualizing and Drawing with the Right and Left Hemispheres of the Brain

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schiferl, E. I.

2008-01-01

Neuroscience research provides new models for understanding vision that challenge Betty Edwards' (1979, 1989, 1999) assumptions about right brain vision and common conventions of "realistic" drawing. Enlisting PET and fMRI technology, neuroscience documents how the brains of normal adults respond to images of recognizable objects and scenes.…

A Monograph Sequel: Have You Ever Thought of Being a Dean?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Association of Colleges of Nursing, Washington, DC.

Five papers from a 1982 workshop entitled "Have You Ever Thought of Being a Dean?" are presented. The workshop is part of the Continuing Education for Nurse Academic Administrators Project of the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. After a foreword (Marion I. Murphy) and an introduction (Betty M. Johnson), "The Dean as Administrator:…

Reclaiming the Classroom: Teacher Research as an Agency for Change.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Goswami, Dixie, Ed.; Stillman, Peter R., Ed.

To address how and why to do research in the classroom as a teacher, this book of essays by teacher researchers prefaces each of its four sections with interviews with Cindy Myers, Ken Jones, Patricia Reed and Betty Bailey respectively. Titles and authors are as follows: "Addressing the Problem of Elsewhereness: A Case for Action Research in…

Pathologizing the Language and Culture of Poor Children

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dudley-Marling, Curt; Lucas, Krista

2009-01-01

There has been a resurgence of deficit discourses that implicate deficiencies in the language and culture of poor students as the cause of their academic failures. An influential study by Betty Hart and Todd Risley concludes that high levels of academic failure among poor children can be linked to the quantity and quality of language interactions…

Sharing a World Vision

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Payne, Janet

2008-01-01

With her "head, hand, and heart," artist Betty LaDuke impacts the world as an artist, educator, and humanitarian. As a retired professor of art emeritus of Southern Oregon University in Ashland, Oregon, LaDuke has pursued her art as a mission with passion and generosity of spirit. This article describes how LaDuke uses art as a conduit for…

78 FR 5490 - Notice of Public Meeting, Pecos District Resource Advisory Council Meeting, New Mexico

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-25

... Bureau of Land Management Roswell Field Office, 2909 West 2nd Street, Roswell, NM, on February 26, with... may send written comments to the RAC, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Betty Hicks, Pecos District, Bureau of Land Management, 2909 W. 2nd Street, Roswell, NM 88201...

Altered Placental Tryptophan Metabolism: A Crucial Molecular Pathway for the Fetal Programming of Neurodevelopmental Disorders

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-07-01

Molecular Pathway for the Fetal Programming of Neurodevelopmental Disorders PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Alexandre Bonnin, PhD CONTRACTING...Fetal Programming of Neurodevelopmental Disorders 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Alexandre Bonnin, PhD; Betty...metabolism by maternal inflammation during early gestation constitutes a new molecular pathway for the fetal programming of neurodevelopmental

STIP Community Listing | OSTI, US Dept of Energy Office of Scientific and

Science.gov Websites

@nrel.gov Naval Nuclear Laboratory (Knolls & Bettis) Paul de Kanel Bechtel Marine Propulsion Corporation Document Manager (510) 486-7909 kim.abbott@bso.science.doe.gov Carlsbad Field Office Lea Chism N/A (575 Contracting Officer (865) 241-7334 Kay.Brown@Science.doe.gov Pacific Northwest Site Office Don Moody N/A (509

76 FR 7849 - Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-02-11

... individual, and by the control group including the Betty J. Bradshaw 2000 Irrevocable Trust dated 10/30/00... FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM Change in Bank Control Notices; Acquisitions of Shares of a Bank or Bank Holding Company The notificants listed below have applied under the Change in Bank Control Act (12 U.S.C...

Structure of force networks in tapped particulate systems of disks and pentagons. II. Persistence analysis.

PubMed

Kondic, L; Kramár, M; Pugnaloni, Luis A; Carlevaro, C Manuel; Mischaikow, K

2016-06-01

In the companion paper [Pugnaloni et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 062902 (2016)10.1103/PhysRevE.93.062902], we use classical measures based on force probability density functions (PDFs), as well as Betti numbers (quantifying the number of components, related to force chains, and loops), to describe the force networks in tapped systems of disks and pentagons. In the present work, we focus on the use of persistence analysis, which allows us to describe these networks in much more detail. This approach allows us not only to describe but also to quantify the differences between the force networks in different realizations of a system, in different parts of the considered domain, or in different systems. We show that persistence analysis clearly distinguishes the systems that are very difficult or impossible to differentiate using other means. One important finding is that the differences in force networks between disks and pentagons are most apparent when loops are considered: the quantities describing properties of the loops may differ significantly even if other measures (properties of components, Betti numbers, force PDFs, or the stress tensor) do not distinguish clearly or at all the investigated systems.

Teaching Narrative Writing Using Comics: Delainey and Rasmussen, the Creators of "Betty," Share Their Composing Strategies as Rich Literacy Resources for Elementary Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nixon, Rhonda

2012-01-01

The author explores how comics texts and writing practices are rich literacy resources for educators. Few studies report on how teachers explore such texts and practices in their classrooms. The author examines how drawing improves students' narrative writing and presents findings from a 7-month case study of Delainey and Rasmussen's collaborative…

ETR, TRA642. BASEMENT SPACE ALLOCATION FOR EXPERIMENTERS CA. 1966, SOUTHEAST ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

ETR, TRA-642. BASEMENT SPACE ALLOCATION FOR EXPERIMENTERS CA. 1966, SOUTHEAST QUADRANT OF FLOOR. WESTINGHOUSE ATOMIC POWER DIVISION (WAPD) AND BETTIS ATOMIC POWER LABORATORY (BAPL) CONSUME MOST OF THE QUADRANT. PHILLIPS PETROLEUM COMPANY ETR-E-2256, 12/1966. INL INDEX NO. 532-0642-00-706-021256, REV. F. - Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, Test Reactor Area, Materials & Engineering Test Reactors, Scoville, Butte County, ID

Transient Fission Gas Behavior in Uranium Nitride Fuel Under Proposed Space Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

Press, Oxford UK, 1959). [7] M.H. Wood, J. Nucl. Mater. 82 (1979) 264 . [8] H. Blank and Hj. Matzke, Rad. Effects. 17 (1973) 57. [9] C. Ronchi and P.T...Benson, P.I. Freeman and E. Dempsey, J. Am. Ceramic Soc. 46 (1963) 43. [77] H.R. Warner and F.A. Nichols, Report WAPD -T-2161 (Bettis Atomic Power

Maternal Brain-Reactive Antibodies and Autism Spectrum Disorder

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-10-01

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) occurs in 1 in 68 births, preferentially affecting males. It encompasses a group of neurodevelopmental ...AWARD NUMBER: W81XWH-14-1-0369 TITLE: Maternal Brain-Reactive Antibodies and Autism Spectrum Disorder PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Betty Diamond...Sep 2015 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Maternal Brain-Reactive Antibodies and Autism Spectrum 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Disorder 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-14-1

Environmental Assessment: Erosion Control Projects at Saylorville Reservoir, Polk County, Iowa.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-07-01

intended to provide protection to recreational lands and facilities. D. Fish and Wildife Coordination Act. Biologists from the U.S. Fish and Wildlife...David W., and E. Arthur Bettis III 1981 Archaeological and Geomorphological Survey of the Downstream Corridor , Saylorville Lake, Iowa. Luther...College Archaeological Research Center, Decorah, Iowa. Benn, David W., and Suzanne Harris 1983 Testing Nine Archaeological Sites in the Downstream Corridor

Exploring Our Horizons. National Conference on Alternative and External Degree Programs for Adults (12th, Evanston, Illinois, October 8-10, 1992).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Alliance, an Association for Alternative Degree Programs.

This report of a workshop on various aspects of adult learning and education contains the following papers: "Take This Job And Shape It: Using Journal Writing to Enrich Your Professional Life" (David Shallenberger, Phyllis Walden); "Assessing Math Skills of Adult Learners" (Betty Hurley Lawrence); "Using Visual Arts for Cultural Analysis: Adult…

Hoyt Sherman, Adelbert Aims, Jr. & Betty Edwards on Drawing and Seeing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mc Whinnie, Harold J.

This paper discusses and review the ideas of Hoyt L. Sherman who taught art and visual perception at the Ohio State University. It explores some of the psychological sources for his work and ideas about the teaching of drawing by seeing which relates to the work and ideas of Adelbert Ames, Jr. The article traces the influences of both Ames and…

Institutional Research When the Only Constant Is Change. Proceedings of the Annual NEAIR Conference (42nd, Burlington, VT, Oct 31-Nov 3, 2015)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Parker, Tiffany, Ed.

2015-01-01

The NEAIR 2015 Conference Proceedings is a compilation of papers presented at the Burlington, VT, conference. Papers in this document include:(1) Strategies to Analyze Course and Teaching Evaluation Data (Kati Li); (2) Using a Mixed Methods Approach to Assess a Leadership Mentoring Program (Betty Harper); (3) Flagship Institutions and the Struggle…

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Promoting Ovarian Cancer Growth and Spread

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Promoting Ovarian Cancer Growth and Spread PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Aline M. Betancourt, PhD CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Tulane... Aline M. Betancourt, PhD Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT NUMBER 5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: alibscan@tulane.edu 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7...Bonvillain, Svitlana Danchuk, Deborah E. Sullivan, Aline M. Betancourt, Julie A. Semon, Michelle E. Eagle, Jacques P. Mayeux, Ashley N. Gregory, Guangdi

Determination of the Role of Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen Regulated Genes in B Cell Autoreactivity

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Betty Diamond – DOD FINAL REPORT 9 Figure 3: (A) expression of estrogen receptors ERalpha( Esr1 ) and ERbeta (Esr2) in splenic B cells and (B...Urinary 16 OH-Estradiol metabolite in BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. Esr1 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Transit. Mature Transit. Mature Transit. Mature Transit. mature P E2

The Dean and Betty Gallo Prostate Cancer Center

DTIC Science & Technology

2004-07-01

8217 Deleted: Completed 1998), / . Deleted: Clin Cancer Res, 1997 ,phase II study of 13 cis retinoic Completed: Serum TGF- beta and IGF- 30 DiPaola...t , sensitive to activation of both ER alpha and beta . Further laboratory studies by DiPaola and collaborators Deleted: identified additional... Beta -catenin regulates Cripto- and Wnt3- dependent gene expression programs in mouse axis and mesoderm formation. Development, 130: 6283-6294. 2003

NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project. Report Number 6. The Relationship between the Use of U.S. Government Technical Reports by U.S. Aerospace Engineers and Scientists and Selected Institutional and Sociometric Variables

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-01-01

Peter R.; James D. Schriner; Bettie F. Farace ; and Richard V. Farace . The Assessment of NASA Technical Information. NASA CR-181367. Washington, DC... Farace ; and Richard V. Farace . The Assessment of NASA Technical Information. NASA CR-181367. Washington, DC: National Aeronautics and Space

NASA/DoD Aerospace Knowledge Diffusion Research Project, Paper Eleven: The Voice of the User-How U.S. Aerospace Engineers and Scientists View DoD Technical Reports

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-05-01

34 (May/June 1981): 331-339. Technical Writing Teacher 4:3 (Spring 1977): 83-88. Monge, Peter R.; James D. Schriner; Bettie F. Farace ; and Dewhirst, H...Dudley; Richard D. Avery; and Edward Richard V. Farace . The Assessment of NASA Tech- M. Brown. "Satisfaction and Performance in Re- nical

Checklist and Decision Support in Nutritional Care for Burned Patients

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

in Nutritional Care for Burned Patients PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Steven E. Wolf, MD CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: REPORT DATE... Nutritional Care for Burned Patients 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Steven E Wolf, MD Betty Diamond...Study/Product Aim(s) were as follows: 1) To determine under what conditions compliance with nutritional goals are not met in severely burned adults, 2

Jack Polynomials as Fractional Quantum Hall States and the Betti Numbers of the ( k + 1)-Equals Ideal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zamaere, Christine Berkesch; Griffeth, Stephen; Sam, Steven V.

2014-08-01

We show that for Jack parameter α = -( k + 1)/( r - 1), certain Jack polynomials studied by Feigin-Jimbo-Miwa-Mukhin vanish to order r when k + 1 of the coordinates coincide. This result was conjectured by Bernevig and Haldane, who proposed that these Jack polynomials are model wavefunctions for fractional quantum Hall states. Special cases of these Jack polynomials include the wavefunctions of Laughlin and Read-Rezayi. In fact, along these lines we prove several vanishing theorems known as clustering properties for Jack polynomials in the mathematical physics literature, special cases of which had previously been conjectured by Bernevig and Haldane. Motivated by the method of proof, which in the case r = 2 identifies the span of the relevant Jack polynomials with the S n -invariant part of a unitary representation of the rational Cherednik algebra, we conjecture that unitary representations of the type A Cherednik algebra have graded minimal free resolutions of Bernstein-Gelfand-Gelfand type; we prove this for the ideal of the ( k + 1)-equals arrangement in the case when the number of coordinates n is at most 2 k + 1. In general, our conjecture predicts the graded S n -equivariant Betti numbers of the ideal of the ( k + 1)-equals arrangement with no restriction on the number of ambient dimensions.

Determination of the Role of Estrogen Receptors and Estrogen Regulated Genes in B cell Autoreactivity. Addendum

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Betty Diamond – DOD FINAL REPORT 9 Figure 3: (A) expression of estrogen receptors ERalpha( Esr1 ) and ERbeta (Esr2) in splenic B cells and (B)Urinary...16 OH-Estradiol metabolite in BALB/c and C57BL6 mice. Esr1 0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 Transit. Mature Transit. Mature Transit. Mature Transit. mature P E2 P

Latin America Report, No. 2761

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-11-08

Report Takes Recommendations for Economy (TRINIDAD GUARDIAN, various dates) 91 Tax Increases Private Sector Problems Land Productivity...BSIL) is gearing itself for the start of the next sugar crop and making long- term plans to increase the acreage u n der cultivation. The plans...Kingston THE DAILY GLEANER in English 1 Oct83p 19] MILK PRICE INCREASES —The price of "Nestles" and "Betty" sweetened con- densed milk will be increased

Tool bending in New Caledonian crows

PubMed Central

Sugasawa, Shoko; van der Wal, Jessica E. M.; Klump, Barbara C.; St Clair, James J. H.

2016-01-01

‘Betty’ the New Caledonian crow astonished the world when she ‘spontaneously’ bent straight pieces of garden wire into hooked foraging tools. Recent field experiments have revealed that tool bending is part of the species' natural behavioural repertoire, providing important context for interpreting Betty's iconic wire-bending feat. More generally, this discovery provides a compelling illustration of how natural history observations can inform laboratory-based research into the cognitive capacities of non-human animals. PMID:27853622

The Science and Engineering Talent Pool. Proceedings of the Joint Meeting of the Scientific Manpower Commission and the Engineering Manpower Commission (Washington, District of Columbia, May 15, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Scientific Manpower Commission, Washington, DC.

The proceedings of a meeting which focused on topics and issues related to the pipeline for scientists and engineers are presented. They include the meeting agenda, introductory comments, an overview, summaries of five presentations, the meeting summary, and a list of participants. The overview (by Betty Vetter) outlines some ways of measuring the…

Characterizing and Targeting Replication Stress Response Defects in Breast Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-08-01

1 AD_________________ Award Number: W81XWH-10-1-0558 TITLE: Characterizing and Targeting Replication Stress Response Defects in Breast Cancer ...PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Shiaw-Yih Lin, Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX 77030 REPORT...Response Defects in Breast Cancer 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Chun-Jen Lin, Hui Dai

Lung Cancer-Specific Circular RNAs as Biomarkers

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-08-01

Award Number: W81XWH-16-1-0239 TITLE: Lung Cancer-Specific Circular RNAs as Biomarkers PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Yin-Yuan Mo CONTRACTING...Specific Circular RNAs as Biomarkers 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b. GRANT NUMBER W81XWH-16-1-0239 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Yin-Yuan Mo Betty...14. ABSTRACT The major goal of this application is to determine whether lung cancer cells differentially express circular RNAs such that these

Home-Based Diagnosis and Management of Sleep-Related Breathing Disorders in Spinal Cord Injury

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-10-01

Related Breathing Disorders in Spinal Cord Injury 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Robert G. Sitrin, M.D. Betty Diamond ...instability, and 3D. features of the “metabolic syndrome ” (obesity, diabetes, hyperlipidemia). At the completion of year 1, we have 1. obtained all...failure, and the “metabolic syndrome ” (increased visceral fat, hypertension, glucose intolerance, and hyperlipidemia). We know very little about the

Ethics and Democratic Values in the Education Profession. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the South Atlantic Philosophy of Education Society (34th, Winston Salem, North Carolina, October 6-7, 1989).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strandberg, Warren, Ed.

Included in this publication are the following addresses to the meeting: (1) "The Professional Ethics of Teachers in a Democratic School" (Betty A. Sichel); (2) "The 4Cs of the New Scholarship on Women" (James W. Garrison and Anne Phelan); (3) "Is It Possible to be Philosophical About Poverty?" (J. Gordon Chamberlin); (4) "Moral Images, Democratic…

The Risk and Clinical/Molecular Characteristics of Breast Cancer in Women with Neurofibromatosis Type 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Xia Wang, M.D., Ph.D. CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: Henry Ford Health System Detroit... Neurofibromatosis Type 1” 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Xia Wang, MD, PhD; Renee... Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1) in a multi-institutional setting. Aim 1 assessed the incidence of breast cancer in this cohort and the clinical

Research in Prevention and Treatment of Noise-Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

NUMBER W81XWH-12-1-0031 Hearing Loss (NIHL) 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) Kathleen Campbell, PhD Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT...sharpened pick. In vitro perfusion was performed intermittently within 5 minutes of sacrifice through the small hole in the scala tympani, allowing...from steady state and impulse NIHL when D- met administration begins as late as 24 hours post-noise exposure.  Learned and developed a technique

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Amariti, Antonio; Toldo, Chiara

We consider 4d N = 1 SCFTs, topologically twisted on compact constant curvature Riemann surfaces, giving rise to 2d N = (0; 2) SCFTs. The exact R-current of these 2d SCFT extremizes the central charge c 2d, similarly to the 4d picture, where the exact R-current maximizes the central charge a 4d. There are global currents that do not mix with the R-current in 4d but their mixing becomes non trivial in 2d. In this paper we study the holographic dual of this process by analyzing a 5d N = 2 truncation of T 1,1 with one Betti vector multiplet,more » dual to the baryonic current on the CFT side. The holographic realization of the flow across dimensions connects AdS 5 to AdS 3 vacua in the supergravity picture. We verify the existence of the flow to AdS 3 solutions and we retrieve the field theory results for the mixing of the Betti vector with the graviphoton. Moreover, we extract the central charge from the Brown-Henneaux formula, matching with the results obtained in field theory. We develop a general formalism to obtain the central charge of a 2d SCFT from 5d N = 2 gauged supergravity with a generic number of vector multiplets, showing that its extremization corresponds to an attractor mechanism for the scalars in the supergravity picture.« less

Olfactory Deficits in MCI as Predictor of Improved Cognition on Donepezil

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

those of the author( s ) and should not be construed as an official Department of the Army position, policy or decision unless so designated by other...Improved Cognition on Donepezil. 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR( S ) Davangere Devanand, M.D. Betty Diamond 5d. PROJECT NUMBER...5e. TASK NUMBER E-Mail: dpd3@cumc.columbia.edu 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME( S ) AND ADDRESS(ES) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8

Topological analysis of nuclear pasta phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kycia, Radosław A.; Kubis, Sebastian; Wójcik, Włodzimierz

2017-08-01

In this article the analysis of the result of numerical simulations of pasta phases using algebraic topology methods is presented. These considerations suggest that some phases can be further split into subphases and therefore should be more refined in numerical simulations. The results presented in this article can also be used to relate the Euler characteristic from numerical simulations to the geometry of the phases. The Betti numbers are used as they provide finer characterization of the phases. It is also shown that different boundary conditions give different outcomes.

A Summary/Overview of Ejector Augmentor Theory and Performance. Volume 2. Bibliography

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-01

Science, Tech. Rept. TR-UTA-773, April 1977. 264 SPSF P T Covert, E. E., and Haldeman, C. W., "A One-Dimensional Model for NS Compressible Flow in the...H., "Hydrodynamics of SS vertical liquid-solids transport", Ind. & Engng. Chem. - Process Des. & Dev., 14, 3, pp 264 -9 (July, 1975). 755 SPSF A...Margolis, S. G., "Steam jet pump operation at high pressures", SS Bettis Tech. Review. WAPD -BT-14, pp. 120-141. (July, 1959). 877 SPSF A, A, Mark, L

Synthesis of a new class of Betti bases by the Mannich-type reaction: efficient, facile, solvent-free and one-pot protocol.

PubMed

Shahrisa, Aziz; Teimuri-Mofrad, Reza; Gholamhosseini-Nazari, Mahdi

2015-02-01

A variety of organocatalysts has been screened for the synthesis of arylaminonaphthols. It has been shown that (N,N-dimethylethanolamine) is a highly efficient organocatalyst for the direct synthesis of a novel class of arylaminonaphthols via three-component condensation of 2-naphthol, aldehydes, and arylamines under solvent-free conditions. Mild, one-pot, and green reaction conditions, relatively short reaction times and good yields make this protocol highly significant. 25 new compounds have been synthesized by this method.

Isolation of Tonoplast Vesicles from Tomato Fruit Pericarp

PubMed Central

Snowden, Christopher J.; Thomas, Benjamin; Baxter, Charles J.; Smith, J. Andrew C.; Sweetlove, Lee J.

2017-01-01

This protocol describes the isolation of tonoplast vesicles from tomato fruit. The vesicles isolated using this procedure are of sufficiently high purity for downstream proteomic analysis whilst remaining transport competent for functional assays. The methodology was used to study the transport of amino acids during tomato fruit ripening (Snowden et al., 2015) and based on the procedure used by Betty and Smith (Bettey and Smith, 1993). Such vesicles may be useful in further studies into the dynamic transfer of metabolites across the tonoplast for storage and metabolism during tomato fruit development. PMID:29085859

Autonomous Adaptation and Collaboration of Unmanned Vehicles for Tracking Submerged Contacts

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-06-01

filter: CRS RANGE REPORT =”name=archie,range=23.4,target= jackal ,time=2342551.213” • Line 8: ping wait is the time delay between range pulses. • Line 13: rn...uFldContactRangeSensor Settings 1: ProcessConfig = uFldContactRangeSensor 2: { 3: AppTick = 4 4: CommsTick = 4 5: 6: reply distance = jackal = 50 7: reach distance...REPORT = CRS RANGE REPORT 8: MY SHIP = archie 9: MY FRIEND = betty 10: MY CONTACT = jackal 11: MY BEST GUESS = besttarget 12: MY AVG GUESS = avgtarget 13

Direct Drive Fusion Energy Shock Ignition Designs for Sub-MJ Lasers

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-09-01

FUSION ENERGY SHOCK IGNITION DESIGNS FOR SUB-MJ LASERS Andrew J. Schmitt, J. W. Bates, S. P. Obenschain, and S. T. Zalesak Plasma Physics Division, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 andrew.schmitt@nrl.navy.mil D. E. Fyfe LCP&FD, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC 20375 R. Betti Fusion Science Center and Laboratory for Laser Energetics, University of Rochester, Rochester NY New approaches in target design have increased the pos- sibility that useful fusion power can be generated with sub-MJ lasers. We have performed many 1D and 2D

Clinical Holistic Medicine: Teaching Orgasm for Females with Chronic Anorgasmia using the Betty Dodson Method

PubMed Central

Struck, Pia; Ventegodt, Søren

2008-01-01

The objective of this study was to test the Betty Dodson method of breaking the female orgasm barrier in chronic anorgasmic women. The aim was sexual and existential healing (salutogenesis) through direct confrontation and integration of both the repressed shame, guilt, and other negative feelings associated with body, genitals, and sexuality, and the repressed sexual pleasure and desire. We conducted a retrospective analysis of clinic data from holistic sexological manual therapeutic intervention, an intensive subtype of clinical holistic medicine (CHM). The patients received 3 × 5 h of group therapy, integrating short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) and complementary medicine (CAM bodywork, manual sexology similar to the “sexological examination”). The therapy used the advanced tools of reparenting, genital acceptance, acceptance through touch, and direct sexual clitoral stimulation. A clitoral vibrator was used. Participants were 500 female patients between 18 and 88 years of age (mean of 35 years) with chronic anorgasmia (for 12 years on average) who were participating in the “orgasm course for anorgasmic women”; 25% of the patients had never experienced an orgasm. Our results show that 465 patients (93%) had an orgasm during therapy, witnessed by the therapist, and 35 patients (7%) did not. Postmenopausal women were as able to achieve orgasm as fertile women, as were women who never had an orgasm. No patients had detectable negative side effects or adverse effects. NNT: 1.04 < NNT < 1.12, NNH > 500. Therapeutic value: TV = NNH/NNT > 446. Our conclusions are that holistic sexological manual therapy may be rational, safe, ethical, and efficient. PMID:18836654

Transactions of the Conference of Army Mathematicians (23rd), held at U. S. Army Mobility Research and Development Laboratory, Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, 11-13 May 1977

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-02-01

Trans. ASME, Vol. 81, 1959, pp. 259- 264 . 112 0 C> 0 LJj 0 CD 0 D ~) . [") r "-’ . 1’ n -- 1 . 2 0 1 . lj 0 1. :iO 1 • 13 0 ? . (JO p;a...n ntout Compute determinant elements forb n, Comoute and write backsc~tter cross-section\\ (Figure 2.2-1) 264 J. BACKSCATTER CROSS-SECTION FOR A...Overrelaxation Iteration Methods," Report WAPD -TM-1038, Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory, Westinghouse Electric Corp., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. 10

Geologic map of the eastern part of the Challis National Forest and vicinity, Idaho

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilson, A.B.; Skipp, B.A.

1994-01-01

The paper version of the Geologic Map of the eastern part of the Challis National Forest and vicinity, Idaho was compiled by Anna Wilson and Betty Skipp in 1994. The geology was compiled on a 1:250,000 scale topographic base map. TechniGraphic System, Inc. of Fort Collins Colorado digitized this map under contract for N.Shock. G.Green edited and prepared the digital version for publication as a GIS database. The digital geologic map database can be queried in many ways to produce a variety of geologic maps.

Mercury in tree swallow food, eggs, bodies, and feathers at Acadia National Park, Maine, and an EPA Superfund Site, Ayer, Massachusetts

USGS Publications Warehouse

Longcore, Jerry R.; Haines, Terry A.; Halteman, William A.

2007-01-01

We monitored nest boxes during 1997–1999 at Acadia National Park, Mt. Desert Island, ME and at an old-field site in Orono, ME to determine mercury (Hg) uptake in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs, tissues, and food boluses. Also, in 1998–1999 we monitored nest boxes at Grove Pond and Plow Shop Pond at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in Ayer, MA. We recorded breeding success at all locations. On average among locations, total mercury (THg) biomagnified 2 to 4-fold from food to eggs and 9 to 18-fold from food to feathers. These are minimum values because the proportion of transferable methyl mercury (MeHg) of the THg in insects varies (i.e., 35%–95% of THg) in food boluses. THg was highest in food boluses at Aunt Betty Pond at Acadia, whereas THg in eggs was highest at the Superfund site. A few eggs from nests at each of these locations exceeded the threshold (i.e., 800–1,000 ng/g, wet wt.) of embryotoxicity established for Hg. Hatching success was 88.9% to 100% among locations, but five eggs failed to hatch from 4 of the 11 clutches in which an egg exceeded this threshold. MeHg in feathers was highest in tree swallows at Aunt Betty Pond and the concentration of THg in bodies was related to the concentration in feathers. Transfer of an average of 80%–92% of the Hg in bodies to feathers may have enhanced nestling survival. Residues of Hg in tissues of tree swallows in the Northeast seem higher than those of the Midwest.

Mercury in tree swallow food, eggs, bodies, and feathers at Acadia National Park, Maine, and an EPA superfund site, Ayer, Massachusetts.

PubMed

Longcore, Jerry R; Haines, Terry A; Halteman, William A

2007-03-01

We monitored nest boxes during 1997-1999 at Acadia National Park, Mt. Desert Island, ME and at an old-field site in Orono, ME to determine mercury (Hg) uptake in tree swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) eggs, tissues, and food boluses. Also, in 1998-1999 we monitored nest boxes at Grove Pond and Plow Shop Pond at a U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Superfund site in Ayer, MA. We recorded breeding success at all locations. On average among locations, total mercury (THg) biomagnified 2 to 4-fold from food to eggs and 9 to 18-fold from food to feathers. These are minimum values because the proportion of transferable methyl mercury (MeHg) of the THg in insects varies (i.e., 35%-95% of THg) in food boluses. THg was highest in food boluses at Aunt Betty Pond at Acadia, whereas THg in eggs was highest at the Superfund site. A few eggs from nests at each of these locations exceeded the threshold (i.e., 800-1,000 ng/g, wet wt.) of embryotoxicity established for Hg. Hatching success was 88.9% to 100% among locations, but five eggs failed to hatch from 4 of the 11 clutches in which an egg exceeded this threshold. MeHg in feathers was highest in tree swallows at Aunt Betty Pond and the concentration of THg in bodies was related to the concentration in feathers. Transfer of an average of 80%-92% of the Hg in bodies to feathers may have enhanced nestling survival. Residues of Hg in tissues of tree swallows in the Northeast seem higher than those of the Midwest.

Preserved Entropy, quantum criticality and fragile magnetism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canfield, Paul

A large swath of strongly correlated electron systems can be associated with the phenomenon of preserved entropy and fragile magnetism. In this talk I will present our thoughts and plans for the discovery and development of lanthanide and transition metal based, strongly correlated systems that are revealed by suppressed, fragile magnetism or grow out of preserved entropy. This talk is based on work published in This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 as well as by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4411.

Numerical time evolution of ETH spin chains by means of matrix product density operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

White, Christopher; Zaletel, Michael; Mong, Roger; Refael, Gil

We introduce a method for approximating density operators of 1D systems that, when combined with a standard framework for time evolution (TEBD), makes possible simulation of the dynamics of strongly thermalizing systems to arbitrary times. We demonstrate that the method works on both near-equilibrium initial states (Gibbs states with spatially varying temperatures) and far-from-equilibrium initial states, including quenches across phase transitions and pure states. This work was supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE \\x901144469 and by the Caltech IQIM, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore.

Quantum algorithms for topological and geometric analysis of data

PubMed Central

Lloyd, Seth; Garnerone, Silvano; Zanardi, Paolo

2016-01-01

Extracting useful information from large data sets can be a daunting task. Topological methods for analysing data sets provide a powerful technique for extracting such information. Persistent homology is a sophisticated tool for identifying topological features and for determining how such features persist as the data is viewed at different scales. Here we present quantum machine learning algorithms for calculating Betti numbers—the numbers of connected components, holes and voids—in persistent homology, and for finding eigenvectors and eigenvalues of the combinatorial Laplacian. The algorithms provide an exponential speed-up over the best currently known classical algorithms for topological data analysis. PMID:26806491

Perspectives on health.

PubMed

Huch, M H

1991-01-01

On May 12, 1989, in Pittsburgh, six nurse leaders participated in a panel discussion on health at Discovery International, Inc.'s Nurse Theorist Conference. The participants were Imogene King, Nola Pender, Betty Neuman, Martha E. Rogers, Afaf Meleis and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse. The goal of the conferences was to present views on the meaning of health from different perspectives. The panel discussion provided the nurse leaders with an opportunity to engage in a dialogue about health. Five of the participants answered the questions posed and the conference keynote speaker Afaf Meleis responded. Four questions were posed to the panel relating to the meaning of health, the uniqueness of nursing, and nurse-person relationships. The dialogue of the panel discussion follows.

Neutron Spectroscopy on the National Ignition Facility

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Knauer, J. P.

2012-10-01

The performance of cryogenic fuel implosion experiments in progress at the National Ignition Facility (NIF) is measured by an experimental threshold factorfootnotetextM. J. Edwards et al., Phys. Plasmas 18, 051003 (2011). (ITFX) and a generalized Lawson Criterion.footnotetextC. D. Zhou and R. Betti, Phys. Plasmas 15, 102707 (2008); P. Y. Chang et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 135002 (2010); and R. Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010). The ITFX metric is determined by the fusion yield and the areal density of an assembled deuterium-tritium (DT) fuel mass. Typical neutron yields from NIF implosions are greater than 10^14 allowing the neutron energy spectrum to be measured with unprecedented precision. A NIF spectrum is composed of neutrons created by fusion (DT, DD, and TT reactions) and neutrons scattered by the dense, cold fuel layer. Neutron scattering is used to determine the areal density of a NIF implosion and is measured along four lines of sight by two neutron time-of-flight detectors, a neutron imaging system, and the magnetic recoil spectrometer. An accurate measurement of the instrument response function for these detectors allows for the routine production of neutron spectra showing DT fuel areal densities up to 1.3 g/cm^2. Spectra over neutron energies of 10 to 17 MeV show areal-density asymmetries of 20% that are inconsistent with simulations. New calibrations and analyses have expended the spectral coverage down to energies less than the deuterium backscatter edge (1.5 MeV for 14 MeV neutrons). These data and analyses are presented along with a compilation of other nuclear diagnostic data that show a larger-than-expected variation in the areal density over the cold fuel mass. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No DE-FC52-08NA28302. In collaboration with NIC.

X-ray continuum as a measure of pressure and fuel–shell mix in compressed isobaric hydrogen implosion cores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J.

Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus'kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion's central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less

X-ray continuum as a measure of pressure and fuel–shell mix in compressed isobaric hydrogen implosion cores

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Epstein, R.; Goncharov, V. N.; Marshall, F. J.

Pressure, by definition, characterizes the conditions within an isobaric implosion core at peak compression [Gus’kov et al., Nucl. Fusion 16, 957 (1976); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 8, 5257 (2001)] and is a key parameter in quantifying its near-ignition performance [Lawson, Proc. Phys. Soc. London, B 70, 6 (1957); Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010); Goncharov et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 056315 (2014); and Glenzer et al., Phys. Plasmas 19, 056318 (2012)]. At high spectral energy, where the x-ray emission from an imploded hydrogen core is optically thin, the emissivity profile can be inferred from the spatially resolvedmore » core emission. This emissivity, which can be modeled accurately under hot-core conditions, is dependent almost entirely on the pressure when measured within a restricted spectral range matched to the temperature range anticipated for the emitting volume. In this way, the hot core pressure at the time of peak emission can be inferred from the measured free-free emissivity profile. The pressure and temperature dependences of the x-ray emissivity and the neutron-production rate explain a simple scaling of the total filtered x-ray emission as a constant power of the total neutron yield for implosions of targets of similar design over a broad range of shell implosion isentropes. This scaling behavior has been seen in implosion simulations and is confirmed by measurements of high-isentrope implosions [Sangster et al., Phys. Plasmas 20, 056317 (2013)] on the OMEGA laser system [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. Attributing the excess emission from less-stable, low-isentrope implosions, above the level expected from this neutron-yield scaling, to the higher emissivity of shell carbon mixed into the implosion’s central hot spot, the hot-spot “fuel–shell” mix mass can be inferred.« less

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards Ceremony for 2011 Award Winners (Presentations, including remarks by Energy Secretary, Dr. Steven Chu)

ScienceCinema

Chu, Steven [U.S. Energy Secretary

2018-01-12

The winners for 2011 of the Department of Energy's Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award were recognized in a ceremony held May 21, 2012. Dr. Steven Chu and others spoke of the importance of the accomplishments and the prestigious history of the award. The recipients of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for 2011 are: Riccardo Betti (University of Rochester); Paul C. Canfield (Ames Laboratory); Mark B. Chadwick (Los Alamos National Laboratory); David E. Chavez (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Amit Goyal (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Thomas P. Guilderson (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory); Lois Curfman McInnes (Argonne National Laboratory); Bernard Matthew Poelker (Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility); and Barry F. Smith (Argonne National Laboratory).

Local non-Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error-correcting code on a three-dimensional lattice

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Isaac H.

2011-05-01

We present a family of non-Calderbank-Shor-Steane quantum error-correcting code consisting of geometrically local stabilizer generators on a 3D lattice. We study the Hamiltonian constructed from ferromagnetic interaction of overcomplete set of local stabilizer generators. The degenerate ground state of the system is characterized by a quantum error-correcting code whose number of encoded qubits are equal to the second Betti number of the manifold. These models (i) have solely local interactions; (ii) admit a strong-weak duality relation with an Ising model on a dual lattice; (iii) have topological order in the ground state, some of which survive at finite temperature; and (iv) behave as classical memory at finite temperature.

Ernest Orlando Lawrence Awards Ceremony for 2011 Award Winners (Presentations, including remarks by Energy Secretary, Dr. Steven Chu)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chu, Steven

The winners for 2011 of the Department of Energy's Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award were recognized in a ceremony held May 21, 2012. Dr. Steven Chu and others spoke of the importance of the accomplishments and the prestigious history of the award. The recipients of the Ernest Orlando Lawrence Award for 2011 are: Riccardo Betti (University of Rochester); Paul C. Canfield (Ames Laboratory); Mark B. Chadwick (Los Alamos National Laboratory); David E. Chavez (Los Alamos National Laboratory); Amit Goyal (Oak Ridge National Laboratory); Thomas P. Guilderson (Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory); Lois Curfman McInnes (Argonne National Laboratory); Bernard Matthew Poelker (Thomas Jeffersonmore » National Accelerator Facility); and Barry F. Smith (Argonne National Laboratory).« less

A matrix-focused structure-activity and binding site flexibility study of quinolinol inhibitors of botulinum neurotoxin serotype A.

PubMed

Harrell, William A; Vieira, Rebecca C; Ensel, Susan M; Montgomery, Vicki; Guernieri, Rebecca; Eccard, Vanessa S; Campbell, Yvette; Roxas-Duncan, Virginia; Cardellina, John H; Webb, Robert P; Smith, Leonard A

2017-02-01

Our initial discovery of 8-hydroxyquinoline inhibitors of BoNT/A and separation/testing of enantiomers of one of the more active leads indicated considerable flexibility in the binding site. We designed a limited study to investigate this flexibility and probe structure-activity relationships; utilizing the Betti reaction, a 36 compound matrix of quinolinol BoNT/A LC inhibitors was developed using three 8-hydroxyquinolines, three heteroaromatic amines, and four substituted benzaldehydes. This study has revealed some of the most effective quinolinol-based BoNT/A inhibitors to date, with 7 compounds displaying IC 50 values ⩽1μM and 11 effective at ⩽2μM in an ex vivo assay. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Zooglider - an Autonomous Vehicle for Optical and Acoustic Sensing of Marine Zooplankton

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ohman, M. D.; Davis, R. E.; Sherman, J. T.; Grindley, K.; Whitmore, B. M.

2016-02-01

We will present results from early sea trials of the Zooglider, an autonomous zooplankton glider designed and built by the Instrument Development Group at Scripps. The Zooglider is built upon a modified Spray glider and includes a low power camera with telecentric lens and a custom dual frequency sonar (200/1000 kHz). The imaging system quantifies zooplankton as they flow through a sampling tunnel within a well-defined sampling volume. The maximum operating depth is 500 m. Other sensors include a pumped CTD and Chl-a fluorometer. The Zooglider permits in situ measurements of mesozooplankton distributions and three dimensional orientation in relation to other biotic and physical properties of the ocean water column. Zooglider development is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Damage Evaluation Based on a Wave Energy Flow Map Using Multiple PZT Sensors

PubMed Central

Liu, Yaolu; Hu, Ning; Xu, Hong; Yuan, Weifeng; Yan, Cheng; Li, Yuan; Goda, Riu; Alamusi; Qiu, Jinhao; Ning, Huiming; Wu, Liangke

2014-01-01

A new wave energy flow (WEF) map concept was proposed in this work. Based on it, an improved technique incorporating the laser scanning method and Betti's reciprocal theorem was developed to evaluate the shape and size of damage as well as to realize visualization of wave propagation. In this technique, a simple signal processing algorithm was proposed to construct the WEF map when waves propagate through an inspection region, and multiple lead zirconate titanate (PZT) sensors were employed to improve inspection reliability. Various damages in aluminum and carbon fiber reinforced plastic laminated plates were experimentally and numerically evaluated to validate this technique. The results show that it can effectively evaluate the shape and size of damage from wave field variations around the damage in the WEF map. PMID:24463430

Hydrodynamic Electron Flow and Hall Viscosity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scaffidi, Thomas; Moll, Philip; Kushwaha, Pallavi; Nandi, Nabhanila; Schmidt, Burkhard; MacKenzie, Andrew; Moore, Joel

In metallic samples of small enough size and sufficiently strong electron-electron scattering, the viscosity of the electron gas can become the dominant process governing transport. In this regime, momentum is a long-lived quantity whose evolution is described by an emergent hydrodynamical theory for which bounds on diffusion were conjectured based on an holographic correspondence. Furthermore, breaking time-reversal symmetry can lead to the appearance of an odd component to the viscosity called the Hall viscosity which has attracted a lot of attention recently due to its quantized nature in gapped systems but still eludes experimental confirmation. Based on microscopic calculations, we discuss how to measure the effects of both the even and odd components of the viscosity using hydrodynamic electronic transport in mesoscopic samples under applied magnetic fields. Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Shock ignition of thermonuclear fuel with high areal density.

PubMed

Betti, R; Zhou, C D; Anderson, K S; Perkins, L J; Theobald, W; Solodov, A A

2007-04-13

A novel method by C. Zhou and R. Betti [Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 50, 140 (2005)] to assemble and ignite thermonuclear fuel is presented. Massive cryogenic shells are first imploded by direct laser light with a low implosion velocity and on a low adiabat leading to fuel assemblies with large areal densities. The assembled fuel is ignited from a central hot spot heated by the collision of a spherically convergent ignitor shock and the return shock. The resulting fuel assembly features a hot-spot pressure greater than the surrounding dense fuel pressure. Such a nonisobaric assembly requires a lower energy threshold for ignition than the conventional isobaric one. The ignitor shock can be launched by a spike in the laser power or by particle beams. The thermonuclear gain can be significantly larger than in conventional isobaric ignition for equal driver energy.

Dirac State in Giant Magnetoresistive Materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Y.; Jo, N. H.; Ochi, M.; Huang, L.; Mou, D.; Kong, T.; Mun, E.; Wang, L.; Lee, Y.; Bud'Ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Trivedi, N.; Arito, R.; Kaminski, A.

We use ultrahigh resolution, tunable, vacuum ultraviolet laser-based angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to study the electronic properties of materials that recently were discovered to display titanic magnetoresistance. We find that that several of these materials have Dirac-like features in their band structure. In some materials those features are ``ordinary'' Dirac cones, while in others the linear Dirac dispersion of two crossing bands forms a linear object in 3D momentum space. Our observation poses an important question about the role of Dirac dispersion in the unusually high, non-saturating magnetoresistance of these materials. Research was supported by the US DOE, Office of Basic Energy Sciences under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358; Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative (Grant No. GBMF4411); CEM, a NSF MRSEC, under Grant No. DMR-1420451.

Observation of two-dimensional Fermi surface and Dirac dispersion in the new material YbMnSb2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kealhofer, Robert; Jang, Sooyoung; Griffin, Sinead; John, Caolan; Doyle, Spencer; Neaton, Jeffrey; Analytis, James G.; Denlinger, J. D.; Benavides, Katherine; Chan, Julia

We present the synthesis, crystal structure, electronic structure, and transport properties of the new material YbMnSb2. Our measurements reveal that this system is a low-carrier-density semimetal with a 2D Fermi surface arising from a 3D Dirac dispersion. This Fermi surface is consistent with the predictions of antiferromagnetic density functional theory calculations and the Fermi surface observed via angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy. The quantitative agreement between these measurements and calculations indicates that YbMnSb2 may be a new topological semimetal in the presence of magnetic order. R. K. is supported by the National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship under Grant No. DGE-1106400. C. J., J. G. A., and much of this work received support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant No. GBMF4374.

Black holes with halos

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Monten, Ruben; Toldo, Chiara

2018-02-01

We present new AdS4 black hole solutions in N =2 gauged supergravity coupled to vector and hypermultiplets. We focus on a particular consistent truncation of M-theory on the homogeneous Sasaki–Einstein seven-manifold M 111, characterized by the presence of one Betti vector multiplet. We numerically construct static and spherically symmetric black holes with electric and magnetic charges, corresponding to M2 and M5 branes wrapping non-contractible cycles of the internal manifold. The novel feature characterizing these nonzero temperature configurations is the presence of a massive vector field halo. Moreover, we verify the first law of black hole mechanics and we study the thermodynamics in the canonical ensemble. We analyze the behavior of the massive vector field condensate across the small-large black hole phase transition and we interpret the process in the dual field theory.

Surface loading of a viscoelastic earth-I. General theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tromp, Jeroen; Mitrovica, Jerry X.

1999-06-01

We present a new normal-mode formalism for computing the response of an aspherical, self-gravitating, linear viscoelastic earth model to an arbitrary surface load. The formalism makes use of recent advances in the theory of the Earth's free oscillations, and is based upon an eigenfunction expansion methodology, rather than the tradi-tional Love-number approach to surface-loading problems. We introduce a surface-load representation theorem analogous to Betti's reciprocity relation in seismology. Taking advantage of this theorem and the biorthogonality of the viscoelastic modes, we determine the complete response to a surface load in the form of a Green's function. We also demonstrate that each viscoelastic mode has its own unique energy partitioning, which can be used to characterize it. In subsequent papers, we apply the theory to spherically symmetric and aspherical earth models.

Modeling thermoelastic distortion of optics using elastodynamic reciprocity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

King, Eleanor; Levin, Yuri; Ottaway, David; Veitch, Peter

2015-07-01

Thermoelastic distortion resulting from optical absorption by transmissive and reflective optics can cause unacceptable changes in optical systems that employ high-power beams. In advanced-generation laser-interferometric gravitational wave detectors, for example, optical absorption is expected to result in wavefront distortions that would compromise the sensitivity of the detector, thus necessitating the use of adaptive thermal compensation. Unfortunately, these systems have long thermal time constants, and so predictive feed-forward control systems could be required, but the finite-element analysis is computationally expensive. We describe here the use of the Betti-Maxwell elastodynamic reciprocity theorem to calculate the response of linear elastic bodies (optics) to heating that has arbitrary spatial distribution. We demonstrate, using a simple example, that it can yield accurate results in computational times that are significantly less than those required for finite-element analyses.

EDITORIAL: Topological data analysis Topological data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Epstein, Charles; Carlsson, Gunnar; Edelsbrunner, Herbert

2011-12-01

Inverse problems can be defined as the area of mathematics that attempts to reconstruct a physical or mathematical object from derived data. Frequently, this means the evaluation of parameters or other numerical quantities (such as eigenvalues) that characterize or provide information about the system. There are, however, other aspects of a system that are important, but are not as readily summarized by numerical quantities. If one considers observations of diabetic patients (using metabolic quantities), one will find that the data breaks up into components, or pieces, corresponding to distinct forms of the disease. The decomposition of data sets into disjoint pieces, or clustering, is an aspect of the study of the shape of the data, albeit one that has been extensively studied. A more complex notion of shape appears in observations of a predator-prey system governed by a Lotka-Volterra equation. One would find that exact observations, consisting of (prey population, predator population) pairs, appear to lie along a simple closed curve in the plane. The fact that the data lies along such a closed curve is an important piece of information, since it suggests that the system displays recurrent behavior. If one did not know, a priori, that the system is governed by a Lotka-Volterra equation, then it would not be immediately obvious that the system is undergoing recurrent motion, and this deduction would constitute a significant insight. In this case, it is again the shape of the data, namely the fact that it lies on a simple closed curve, which is the key insight. Shape is a somewhat nebulous concept, which at first blush may be too intuitive to make precise mathematically, and describe quantitatively. Within pure mathematics, the disciplines of topology and differential geometry are designed exactly to address this problem. They provide explicit signatures which, in precise senses, quantify and describe the shape of a geometric object. In addition, they provide methods for discretizing and compressing the information present in a geometric object so as to provide a useful, small representation of the object. The articles in this special issue are concerned with the applications of topology to the analysis of data sets. The adaptation of topological techniques from pure mathematics to the study of data from real systems is a project which has been undertaken during the past two decades, and the present volume contains various contributions to that project. At the current state of development, homology and persistence are two of the most popular topological techniques used in this context. Homology goes back to the beginnings of topology in Poincaré's influential papers. It is the idea that the connectivity of a space is determined by its cycles of different dimensions, and that these cycles organize themselves into abelian groups, called homology groups. Better known than these groups are their ranks, the Betti numbers of the space, which are non-negative integers that count the number of independent cycles in each dimension. To give an example, the zeroth Betti number counts the components, and the first counts the loops. A crucial feature of homology groups is that, given a reasonably explicit description of a space, their computation is an exercise in linear algebra. Even better known than the Betti numbers is the Euler characteristic, which we know from Poincaré's work, is equal to the alternating sum of the Betti numbers, which can be computed without computing the homology groups themselves. To give evidence that these numbers have relevant practical applications, we mention that integrating the Euler characteristic over a domain with sensor information can be used to count objects in the domain. This alone would not explain the popularity of homology groups, which we see rooted in the fact that they hit a sweet-spot that offers relatively strong discriminative power, and a clear intuitive meaning, all at a surprisingly low computational cost. Even these desirable qualities would not be sufficient if it were not possible to overcome a serious shortcoming, namely the high sensitivity of homology to minor mistakes in the data collection. Because of the finite nature of most data sets, the notion of shape within data sets is inevitably stochastic. To some extent this is because of the uncertainty of what a shape in nature is, but more importantly, the available data can only be used to give an estimate for the probability of a given shape. This has led to the study of persistent homology, in which the invariants are in the form of 'persistence diagrams' or 'barcodes'. These invariants quantify the stability of geometric features with respect to perturbations that, in turn, provide a basis for discriminating between artifacts caused by noise or undersampling and real phenomena. Several papers in this volume deal with questions about these diagrams, and some deal with probabilistic issues related to the occurrence of these diagrams. Our hope is that the papers in this volume will provide exposure of these techniques to both a wider audience of mathematicians and also potential users of the techniques.

EDITORIAL: Topological data analysis Topological data analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

2011-12-01

Inverse problems can be defined as the area of mathematics that attempts to reconstruct a physical or mathematical object from derived data. Frequently, this means the evaluation of parameters or other numerical quantities (such as eigenvalues) that characterize or provide information about the system. There are, however, other aspects of a system that are important, but are not as readily summarized by numerical quantities. If one considers observations of diabetic patients (using metabolic quantities), one will find that the data breaks up into components, or pieces, corresponding to distinct forms of the disease. The decomposition of data sets into disjoint pieces, or clustering, is an aspect of the study of the shape of the data, albeit one that has been extensively studied. A more complex notion of shape appears in observations of a predator-prey system governed by a Lotka-Volterra equation. One would find that exact observations, consisting of (prey population, predator population) pairs, appear to lie along a simple closed curve in the plane. The fact that the data lies along such a closed curve is an important piece of information, since it suggests that the system displays recurrent behavior. If one did not know, a priori, that the system is governed by a Lotka-Volterra equation, then it would not be immediately obvious that the system is undergoing recurrent motion, and this deduction would constitute a significant insight. In this case, it is again the shape of the data, namely the fact that it lies on a simple closed curve, which is the key insight. Shape is a somewhat nebulous concept, which at first blush may be too intuitive to make precise mathematically, and describe quantitatively. Within pure mathematics, the disciplines of topology and differential geometry are designed exactly to address this problem. They provide explicit signatures which, in precise senses, quantify and describe the shape of a geometric object. In addition, they provide methods for discretizing and compressing the information present in a geometric object so as to provide a useful, small representation of the object. The articles in this special issue are concerned with the applications of topology to the analysis of data sets. The adaptation of topological techniques from pure mathematics to the study of data from real systems is a project which has been undertaken during the past two decades, and the present volume contains various contributions to that project. At the current state of development, homology and persistence are two of the most popular topological techniques used in this context. Homology goes back to the beginnings of topology in Poincaré's influential papers. It is the idea that the connectivity of a space is determined by its cycles of different dimensions, and that these cycles organize themselves into abelian groups, called homology groups. Better known than these groups are their ranks, the Betti numbers of the space, which are non-negative integers that count the number of independent cycles in each dimension. To give an example, the zeroth Betti number counts the components, and the first counts the loops. A crucial feature of homology groups is that, given a reasonably explicit description of a space, their computation is an exercise in linear algebra. Even better known than the Betti numbers is the Euler characteristic, which we know from Poincaré's work, is equal to the alternating sum of the Betti numbers, which can be computed without computing the homology groups themselves. To give evidence that these numbers have relevant practical applications, we mention that integrating the Euler characteristic over a domain with sensor information can be used to count objects in the domain. This alone would not explain the popularity of homology groups, which we see rooted in the fact that they hit a sweet-spot that offers relatively strong discriminative power, and a clear intuitive meaning, all at a surprisingly low computational cost. Even these desirable qualities would not be sufficient if it were not possible to overcome a serious shortcoming, namely the high sensitivity of homology to minor mistakes in the data collection. Because of the finite nature of most data sets, the notion of shape within data sets is inevitably stochastic. To some extent this is because of the uncertainty of what a shape in nature is, but more importantly, the available data can only be used to give an estimate for the probability of a given shape. This has led to the study of persistent homology, in which the invariants are in the form of 'persistence diagrams' or 'barcodes'. These invariants quantify the stability of geometric features with respect to perturbations that, in turn, provide a basis for discriminating between artifacts caused by noise or undersampling and real phenomena. Several papers in this volume deal with questions about these diagrams, and some deal with probabilistic issues related to the occurrence of these diagrams. Our hope is that the papers in this volume will provide exposure of these techniques to both a wider audience of mathematicians and also potential users of the techniques. Charles Epstein, Gunnar Carlsson and Herbert Edelsbrunner Guest Editors

Demonstration of Fuel Hot-Spot Pressure in Excess of 50 Gbar for Direct-Drive, Layered Deuterium-Tritium Implosions on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Regan, S. P.; Goncharov, V. N.; Igumenshchev, I. V.; Sangster, T. C.; Betti, R.; Bose, A.; Boehly, T. R.; Bonino, M. J.; Campbell, E. M.; Cao, D.; Collins, T. J. B.; Craxton, R. S.; Davis, A. K.; Delettrez, J. A.; Edgell, D. H.; Epstein, R.; Forrest, C. J.; Frenje, J. A.; Froula, D. H.; Gatu Johnson, M.; Glebov, V. Yu.; Harding, D. R.; Hohenberger, M.; Hu, S. X.; Jacobs-Perkins, D.; Janezic, R.; Karasik, M.; Keck, R. L.; Kelly, J. H.; Kessler, T. J.; Knauer, J. P.; Kosc, T. Z.; Loucks, S. J.; Marozas, J. A.; Marshall, F. J.; McCrory, R. L.; McKenty, P. W.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Michel, D. T.; Myatt, J. F.; Obenschain, S. P.; Petrasso, R. D.; Radha, P. B.; Rice, B.; Rosenberg, M. J.; Schmitt, A. J.; Schmitt, M. J.; Seka, W.; Shmayda, W. T.; Shoup, M. J.; Shvydky, A.; Skupsky, S.; Solodov, A. A.; Stoeckl, C.; Theobald, W.; Ulreich, J.; Wittman, M. D.; Woo, K. M.; Yaakobi, B.; Zuegel, J. D.

2016-07-01

A record fuel hot-spot pressure Phs=56 ±7 Gbar was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to the energy of the National Ignition Facility, these implosions achieved a Lawson parameter ˜60 % of the value required for ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, LM15119ER (2016)], similar to indirect-drive implosions [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015)], and nearly half of the direct-drive ignition-threshold pressure. Relative to symmetric, one-dimensional simulations, the inferred hot-spot pressure is approximately 40% lower. Three-dimensional simulations suggest that low-mode distortion of the hot spot seeded by laser-drive nonuniformity and target-positioning error reduces target performance.

Demonstration of fuel hot-spot pressure in excess of 50 Gbar for direct-drive, layered deuterium-tritium implosions on OMEGA

DOE PAGES

Regan, S. P.; Goncharov, V. N.; Igumenshchev, I. V.; ...

2016-07-07

A record fuel hot-spot pressure P hs = 56±7 Gbar was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium–tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to the energy of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), these implosions achieved a Lawson parameter ~60% of the value required for ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E (in press)], similar to indirect-drive implosions [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015)], and nearly half of the direct-drive ignition-threshold pressure. Relative to symmetric, one-dimensional simulations, the inferred hot-spot pressure ismore » ~40% lower. Furthermore, three-dimensional simulations suggest that low-mode distortion of the hot spot seeded by laser-drive nonuniformity and target-positioning error reduces target performance.« less

Demonstration of fuel hot-spot pressure in excess of 50 Gbar for direct-drive, layered deuterium-tritium implosions on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Regan, S. P.; Goncharov, V. N.; Igumenshchev, I. V.

A record fuel hot-spot pressure P hs = 56±7 Gbar was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium–tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to the energy of the National Ignition Facility (NIF), these implosions achieved a Lawson parameter ~60% of the value required for ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E (in press)], similar to indirect-drive implosions [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015)], and nearly half of the direct-drive ignition-threshold pressure. Relative to symmetric, one-dimensional simulations, the inferred hot-spot pressure ismore » ~40% lower. Furthermore, three-dimensional simulations suggest that low-mode distortion of the hot spot seeded by laser-drive nonuniformity and target-positioning error reduces target performance.« less

Barbie or Betty? Preschool children's preference for branded products and evidence for gender-linked differences.

PubMed

Pine, Karen J; Nash, Avril

2003-08-01

Children in the United Kingdom watch more television and are exposed to more advertising than children in any other European country. This article investigates the extent to which preschool children (aged 4-5 years) prefer brands advertised on television. Seventy-five children were interviewed and given a choice task in which they had to select the product, from eight pairs each comprising a branded and nonbranded product, that children of their own age and gender preferred. Products included popular drinks, snacks, toys, breakfast cereals, and sportswear. Nonbranded control products were carefully selected as close perceptual matches for the branded advertised products. Yet, on 68% of occasions, children chose the branded, advertised product in preference to the nonbranded product. This preference was reliably higher for girls (78%) than boys (58%). Gender-linked differences are discussed in relation to socialization theory and to girls' greater verbal ability and emotional sensitivity.

Submitting MIGS, MIMS, MIENS Information to EMBL and Standards and the Sequencing Pipelines of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GSC8 Meeting)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Vaughan, Bob; Kaye, Jon

2009-09-09

The Genomic Standards Consortium was formed in September 2005. It is an international, open-membership working body which promotes standardization in the description of genomes and the exchange and integration of genomic data. The 2009 meeting was an activity of a five-year funding "Research Coordination Network" from the National Science Foundation and was organized held at the DOE Joint Genome Institute with organizational support provided by the JGI and by the University of California - San Diego. Bob Vaughan of EMBL on submitting MIGS/MIMS/MIENS information to EMBL-EBI's system, followed by a brief talk from Jon Kaye of the Gordon and Bettymore » Moore Foundation on standards and the foundation's sequencing pipelines at the Genomic Standards Consortium's 8th meeting at the DOE JGI in Walnut Creek, CA on Sept. 9, 2009.« less

High-density carbon ablator ignition path with low-density gas-filled rugby hohlraum

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Amendt, Peter; Ho, Darwin D.; Jones, Ogden S.

2015-04-01

A recent low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4He) cylindrical hohlraum experiment on the National Ignition Facility has shown high laser-coupling efficiency (>96%), reduced phenomenological laser drive corrections, and improved high-density carbon capsule implosion symmetry [Jones et al., Bull. Am. Phys. Soc. 59(15), 66 (2014)]. In this Letter, an ignition design using a large rugby-shaped hohlraum [Amendt et al., Phys. Plasmas 21, 112703 (2014)] for high energetics efficiency and symmetry control with the same low gas-fill density (0.6 mg/cc 4He) is developed as a potentially robust platform for demonstrating thermonuclear burn. The companion high-density carbon capsule for this hohlraum design is driven by an adiabat-shaped [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 9, 2277 (2002)] 4-shock drive profile for robust high gain (>10) 1-D ignition performance and large margin to 2-D perturbation growth.

Strong coupling of a single electron in silicon to a microwave photon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mi, Xiao; Cady, Jeffrey; Zajac, David; Petta, Jason

We demonstrate a hybrid circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) architecture in which a single electron in a Si/SiGe double quantum dot is dipole-coupled to the electric field of microwave photons in a superconducting cavity. Vacuum Rabi splitting is observed in the cavity transmission when the transition energy of the single-electron charge qubit matches that of a cavity photon, demonstrating that our device is in the strong coupling regime. The achievement of strong coupling is largely facilitated by an exceptionally low charge decoherence rate of 5 MHz and paves the way toward a wide range of cQED experiments with quantum dots, such as non-local qubit interactions, strong spin-cavity coupling and single photon generation . Research sponsored by ARO Grant No. W911NF-15-1-0149, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4535, and the NSF (DMR-1409556 and DMR-1420541).

ER = EPR and non-perturbative action integrals for quantum gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alsaleh, Salwa; Alasfar, Lina

In this paper, we construct and calculate non-perturbative path integrals in a multiply-connected spacetime. This is done by summing over homotopy classes of paths. The topology of the spacetime is defined by Einstein-Rosen bridges (ERB) forming from the entanglement of quantum foam described by virtual black holes. As these “bubbles” are entangled, they are connected by Planckian ERBs because of the ER = EPR conjecture. Hence, the spacetime will possess a large first Betti number B1. For any compact 2-surface in the spacetime, the topology (in particular the homotopy) of that surface is non-trivial due to the large number of Planckian ERBs that define homotopy through this surface. The quantization of spacetime with this topology — along with the proper choice of the 2-surfaces — is conjectured to allow non-perturbative path integrals of quantum gravity theory over the spacetime manifold.

Stability of low aspect ratio inverted flags and rods in a uniform flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huertas-Cerdeira, Cecilia; Sader, John E.; Gharib, Morteza

2016-11-01

Cantilevered elastic plates and rods in an inverted configuration, where the leading edge is free to move and the trailing edge is clamped, undergo complex dynamics when subjected to a uniform flow. The stability of low aspect ratio inverted plates and rods is theoretically examined, showing that it is markedly different from that of their large aspect ratio counterpart. In the limit of zero aspect ratio, the undeflected equilibrium position is found to be stable for all wind speeds. A saddle-node bifurcation emerges at finite wind speed, giving rise to a strongly deflected stable and a weakly deflected unstable equilibria. This theory is compared to experimental measurements, where good agreement is found. This research was supported by a Grant of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the Australian Research Council Grants scheme and a "la Caixa" Fellowship Grant for Post-Graduate Studies of "la Caixa" Banking Foundation.

A new way to make diamond tip hosting an atomic sized defect

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Tony; Stohr, Rainer; Dovzhenko, Yuliya; Casola, Francesco; Yacoby, Amir

The nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond has been fascinating people with its unique role in quantum information and magnetometry. NV magnetometry was used to investigate many fundamental physics studies and develop a number of industrial applications. One of the powerful aspects of NV magnetometry is the ability to scan in space to perform spatial magnetic field sensing with nano-meter resolution. As a new emerging scanning probe technique, it faces a huge challenge to be widely adopted due to its complexity in fabrication. Here, we report a new simple way of creating diamond tips with tools found in basic clean room facilities and mount the tips onto an experimental apparatus with common lab bench tools. Finally, scanning NV magnetometry was performed to demonstrate its application. This work is supported by the QuASAR project and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4531.

A polar-drive shock-ignition design for the National Ignition Facilitya)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, K. S.; Betti, R.; McKenty, P. W.; Collins, T. J. B.; Hohenberger, M.; Theobald, W.; Craxton, R. S.; Delettrez, J. A.; Lafon, M.; Marozas, J. A.; Nora, R.; Skupsky, S.; Shvydky, A.

2013-05-01

Shock ignition [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)] is being pursued as a viable option to achieve ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Shock-ignition target designs use a high-intensity laser spike at the end of a low-adiabat assembly pulse to launch a spherically convergent strong shock to ignite the hot spot of an imploding capsule. A shock-ignition target design for the NIF is presented. One-dimensional simulations indicate an ignition threshold factor of 4.1 with a gain of 58. A polar-drive beam-pointing configuration for shock-ignition experiments on the NIF at 750 kJ is proposed. The capsule design is shown to be robust to the various one- and two-dimensional effects and nonuniformities anticipated on the NIF. The target is predicted to ignite with a gain of 38 when including all anticipated levels of nonuniformity and system uncertainty.

Voluntarist theology and early-modern science: The matter of the divine power, absolute and ordained.

PubMed

Oakley, Francis

2018-03-01

This paper is an intervention in the debate inaugurated by Peter Harrison in 2002 when he called into question the validity of what has come to be called 'the voluntarism and early-modern science thesis'. Though it subsequently drew support from such historians of science as J. E. McGuire, Margaret Osler, and Betty-Joe Teeter Dobbs, the origins of the thesis are usually traced back to articles published in 1934 and 1961 respectively by the philosopher Michael Foster and the historian of ideas Francis Oakley. Central to Harrison's critique of the thesis are claims he made about the meaning of the scholastic distinction between the potentia dei absoluta et ordinata and the role it played in the thinking of early-modern theologians and natural philosophers. This paper calls directly into question the accuracy of Harrison's claims on that very matter.

Personalized anticancer therapy selection using molecular landscape topology and thermodynamics.

PubMed

Rietman, Edward A; Scott, Jacob G; Tuszynski, Jack A; Klement, Giannoula Lakka

2017-03-21

Personalized anticancer therapy requires continuous consolidation of emerging bioinformatics data into meaningful and accurate information streams. The use of novel mathematical and physical approaches, namely topology and thermodynamics can enable merging differing data types for improved accuracy in selecting therapeutic targets. We describe a method that uses chemical thermodynamics and two topology measures to link RNA-seq data from individual patients with academically curated protein-protein interaction networks to select clinically relevant targets for treatment of low-grade glioma (LGG). We show that while these three histologically distinct tumor types (astrocytoma, oligoastrocytoma, and oligodendroglioma) may share potential therapeutic targets, the majority of patients would benefit from more individualized therapies. The method involves computing Gibbs free energy of the protein-protein interaction network and applying a topological filtration on the energy landscape to produce a subnetwork known as persistent homology. We then determine the most likely best target for therapeutic intervention using a topological measure of the network known as Betti number. We describe the algorithm and discuss its application to several patients.

Symmetric products of a real curve and the moduli space of Higgs bundles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baird, Thomas John

2018-03-01

Consider a Riemann surface X of genus g ≥ 2 equipped with an antiholomorphic involution τ. This induces a natural involution on the moduli space M(r , d) of semistable Higgs bundles of rank r and degree d. If D is a divisor such that τ(D) = D, this restricts to an involution on the moduli space M(r , D) of those Higgs bundles with fixed determinant O(D) and trace-free Higgs field. The fixed point sets of these involutions M(r , d) τ and M(r , D) τ are (A , A , B) -branes introduced by Baraglia and Schaposnik (2016). In this paper, we derive formulas for the mod 2 Betti numbers of M(r , d) τ and M(r , D) τ when r = 2 and d is odd. In the course of this calculation, we also compute the mod 2 cohomology ring of Symm(X) τ, the fixed point set of the involution induced by τ on symmetric products of the Riemann surface.

Spacetime Replication of Quantum Information Using (2 , 3) Quantum Secret Sharing and Teleportation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Yadong; Khalid, Abdullah; Davijani, Masoud; Sanders, Barry

The aim of this work is to construct a protocol to replicate quantum information in any valid configuration of causal diamonds and assess resources required to physically realize spacetime replication. We present a set of codes to replicate quantum information along with a scheme to realize these codes using continuous-variable quantum optics. We use our proposed experimental realizations to determine upper bounds on the quantum and classical resources required to simulate spacetime replication. For four causal diamonds, our implementation scheme is more efficient than the one proposed previously. Our codes are designed using a decomposition algorithm for complete directed graphs, (2 , 3) quantum secret sharing, quantum teleportation and entanglement swapping. These results show the simulation of spacetime replication of quantum information is feasible with existing experimental methods. Alberta Innovates, NSERC, China's 1000 Talent Plan and the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, which is an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NSF Grant PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-2644).

Low order physical models of vertical axis wind turbines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Craig, Anna; Dabiri, John; Koseff, Jeffrey

2016-11-01

In order to examine the ability of low-order physical models of vertical axis wind turbines to accurately reproduce key flow characteristics, experiments were conducted on rotating turbine models, rotating solid cylinders, and stationary porous flat plates (of both uniform and non-uniform porosities). From examination of the patterns of mean flow, the wake turbulence spectra, and several quantitative metrics, it was concluded that the rotating cylinders represent a reasonably accurate analog for the rotating turbines. In contrast, from examination of the patterns of mean flow, it was found that the porous flat plates represent only a limited analog for rotating turbines (for the parameters examined). These findings have implications for both laboratory experiments and numerical simulations, which have previously used analogous low order models in order to reduce experimental/computational costs. NSF GRF and SGF to A.C; ONR N000141211047 and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation Grant GBMF2645 to J.D.; and the Bob and Norma Street Environmental Fluid Mechanics Laboratory at Stanford University.

LLE Review Quarterly Report (October - December 2007). Volume 113

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zuegel, Jonathan D.

2007-12-01

This volume of the LLE Review, covering October–December 2007, features “High-Intensity Laser–Plasma Interactions in the Refluxing Limit,” by P. M. Nilson, W. Theobald, J. Myatt, C. Stoeckl, M. Storm, O. V. Gotchev, J. D. Zuegel, R. Betti, D. D. Meyerhofer, and T. C. Sangster. In this article (p. 1), the authors report on target experiments using the Multi-Terawatt (MTW) Laser Facility to study isochoric heating of solid-density targets by fast electrons produced from intense, short-pulse laser irradiation. Electron refluxing occurs due to target-sheath field effects and contains most of the fast electrons within the target volume. This efficiently heats themore » solid-density plasma through collisions. X-ray spectroscopic measurements of absolute K α (x-radiation) photon yields and variations of the K β/K α b emission ratio both indicate that laser energy couples to fast electrons with a conversion efficiency of approximately 20%. Bulk electron temperatures of at least 200 eV are inferred for the smallest mass targets.« less

Demonstration of Fuel Hot-Spot Pressure in Excess of 50 Gbar for Direct-Drive, Layered Deuterium-Tritium Implosions on OMEGA.

PubMed

Regan, S P; Goncharov, V N; Igumenshchev, I V; Sangster, T C; Betti, R; Bose, A; Boehly, T R; Bonino, M J; Campbell, E M; Cao, D; Collins, T J B; Craxton, R S; Davis, A K; Delettrez, J A; Edgell, D H; Epstein, R; Forrest, C J; Frenje, J A; Froula, D H; Gatu Johnson, M; Glebov, V Yu; Harding, D R; Hohenberger, M; Hu, S X; Jacobs-Perkins, D; Janezic, R; Karasik, M; Keck, R L; Kelly, J H; Kessler, T J; Knauer, J P; Kosc, T Z; Loucks, S J; Marozas, J A; Marshall, F J; McCrory, R L; McKenty, P W; Meyerhofer, D D; Michel, D T; Myatt, J F; Obenschain, S P; Petrasso, R D; Radha, P B; Rice, B; Rosenberg, M J; Schmitt, A J; Schmitt, M J; Seka, W; Shmayda, W T; Shoup, M J; Shvydky, A; Skupsky, S; Solodov, A A; Stoeckl, C; Theobald, W; Ulreich, J; Wittman, M D; Woo, K M; Yaakobi, B; Zuegel, J D

2016-07-08

A record fuel hot-spot pressure P_{hs}=56±7  Gbar was inferred from x-ray and nuclear diagnostics for direct-drive inertial confinement fusion cryogenic, layered deuterium-tritium implosions on the 60-beam, 30-kJ, 351-nm OMEGA Laser System. When hydrodynamically scaled to the energy of the National Ignition Facility, these implosions achieved a Lawson parameter ∼60% of the value required for ignition [A. Bose et al., Phys. Rev. E 93, 011201(R) (2016)], similar to indirect-drive implosions [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 114, 255003 (2015)], and nearly half of the direct-drive ignition-threshold pressure. Relative to symmetric, one-dimensional simulations, the inferred hot-spot pressure is approximately 40% lower. Three-dimensional simulations suggest that low-mode distortion of the hot spot seeded by laser-drive nonuniformity and target-positioning error reduces target performance.

Veterans of the X-15 program reunited at Dryden during a historical colloquium on the 40th anniversary of the last X-15 flight that occurred Oct. 24, 1968.

NASA Image and Video Library

2008-10-24

Veterans of the X-15 flight research program, most of them now retired, reunited at Dryden on the 40th anniversary of the last X-15 flight on Oct. 24, 1968 for a historical colloquium on the X-15 by noted aerospace historian and author Dennis Jenkins on Oct. 24, 2008. Gathered in front of the replica of X-15 #3 the were (from left) Johnny Armstrong, Betty Love, Paul Reukauf, Bob Hoey, Dave Stoddard, Dean Webb, Vince Capasso, Bill Dana (who flew the last flight), John McTigue and T.D. Barnes. Jenkins, the author of "X-15: Extending the Frontiers of Flight," maintained during his presentation that despite setbacks, the X-15 program became the most successful of all the X-plane research programs due to the can-do, fix-the-problem and go-fly-again attitude of the X-15's cadre of engineers and technicians.

Some developments from the work of Melanie Klein.

PubMed

Spillius, E B

1983-01-01

This paper discusses four areas of work in which several followers of Melanie Klein in Britain have developed some of the discoveries and ideas she initiated. First, extension of her concept of projective identification is briefly described, with emphasis on Bion's and Rosenfeld's stress on its communicative as well as its pathological aspects. Second, the extension of Klein's ideas about the epistemophilic instinct, on symbolism, and about projective identification is described in the work of Segal, Bion, Money-Kyrle, and Bick on the development of the capacity to think. Third, certain developments in Kleinian technique are described, with emphasis on the use of the concept of projective identification in analysing transference, and on the analysis of acting out in the transference, a trend contributed to by many Kleinian analysts but perhaps most closely associated with Betty Joseph. Finally, continued refinements in the analysis of the death instinct are briefly described, together with discussion of the changes these refinements have led to in ideas about the organization and relations of parts of the self and internal objects.

Surface Acoustic Wave Study of Exciton Condensation in Bilayer Quantum Hall Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pollanen, J.; Eisenstein, J. P.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W.

In bilayer two-dimensional electron systems (2DES) in GaAs a strongly correlated many-electron state forms at low temperature and high magnetic field when the total electron density nT becomes equal to the degeneracy of a single spin split Landau level. This state corresponds to a total filling factor νT = 1 and can be described in terms of pseudospin ferromagnetism, or equivalently, Bose condensation of bilayer excitons. We have simultaneously measured magneto-transport and the propagation of pulsed surface acoustic waves (SAWs) at a frequency of 747 MHz to explore the phase transition between two independent layers at νT = 1 / 2 + 1 / 2 and the correlated state at νT = 1 in a high quality double quantum well device. We tune through this transition by varying the total electron density in our device with front and backside electrostatic gates. We acknowledge funding provided by the Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, an NSF Physics Frontiers Center (NFS Grant PHY-1125565) with support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF-12500028).

Semantic and visual determinants of face recognition in a prosopagnosic patient.

PubMed

Dixon, M J; Bub, D N; Arguin, M

1998-05-01

Prosopagnosia is the neuropathological inability to recognize familiar people by their faces. It can occur in isolation or can coincide with recognition deficits for other nonface objects. Often, patients whose prosopagnosia is accompanied by object recognition difficulties have more trouble identifying certain categories of objects relative to others. In previous research, we demonstrated that objects that shared multiple visual features and were semantically close posed severe recognition difficulties for a patient with temporal lobe damage. We now demonstrate that this patient's face recognition is constrained by these same parameters. The prosopagnosic patient ELM had difficulties pairing faces to names when the faces shared visual features and the names were semantically related (e.g., Tonya Harding, Nancy Kerrigan, and Josee Chouinard -three ice skaters). He made tenfold fewer errors when the exact same faces were associated with semantically unrelated people (e.g., singer Celine Dion, actress Betty Grable, and First Lady Hillary Clinton). We conclude that prosopagnosia and co-occurring category-specific recognition problems both stem from difficulties disambiguating the stored representations of objects that share multiple visual features and refer to semantically close identities or concepts.

Recovery of time-dependent volatility in option pricing model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deng, Zui-Cha; Hon, Y. C.; Isakov, V.

2016-11-01

In this paper we investigate an inverse problem of determining the time-dependent volatility from observed market prices of options with different strikes. Due to the non linearity and sparsity of observations, an analytical solution to the problem is generally not available. Numerical approximation is also difficult to obtain using most of the existing numerical algorithms. Based on our recent theoretical results, we apply the linearisation technique to convert the problem into an inverse source problem from which recovery of the unknown volatility function can be achieved. Two kinds of strategies, namely, the integral equation method and the Landweber iterations, are adopted to obtain the stable numerical solution to the inverse problem. Both theoretical analysis and numerical examples confirm that the proposed approaches are effective. The work described in this paper was partially supported by a grant from the Research Grant Council of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region (Project No. CityU 101112) and grants from the NNSF of China (Nos. 11261029, 11461039), and NSF grants DMS 10-08902 and 15-14886 and by Emylou Keith and Betty Dutcher Distinguished Professorship at the Wichita State University (USA).

Fluctuating Charge-Order in Optimally Doped Bi- 2212 Revealed by Momentum-resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Husain, Ali; Vig, Sean; Kogar, Anshul; Mishra, Vivek; Rak, Melinda; Mitrano, Matteo; Johnson, Peter; Gu, Genda; Fradkin, Eduardo; Norman, Michael; Abbamonte, Peter

Static charge order is a ubiquitous feature of the underdoped cuprates. However, at optimal doping, charge-order has been thought to be completely suppressed, suggesting an interplay between the charge-ordering and superconducting order parameters. Using Momentum-resolved Electron Energy Loss Spectroscopy (M-EELS) we show the existence of diffuse fluctuating charge-order in the optimally doped cuprate Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ (Bi-2212) at low-temperature. We present full momentum-space maps of both elastic and inelastic scattering at room temperature and below the superconducting transition with 4meV resolution. We show that the ``rods'' of diffuse scattering indicate nematic-like fluctuations, and the energy width defines a fluctuation timescale of 160 fs. We discuss the implications of fluctuating charge-order on the dynamics at optimal doping. This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF-4542. An early prototype of the M-EELS instrument was supported by the DOE Center for Emergent Superconductivity under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Magnetic phase transitions and magnetization reversal in MnRuP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lampen-Kelley, P.; Mandrus, D.

The ternary phosphide MnRuP is an incommensurate antiferromagnetic metal crystallizing in the non-centrosymmetric Fe2P-type crystal structure. Below the Neel transition at 250 K, MnRuP exhibits hysteretic anomalies in resistivity and magnetic susceptibility curves as the propagation vectors of the spiral spin structure change discontinuously across T1 = 180 K and T2 = 100 K. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction data indicate that the first-order spin reorientation occurs in the absence of a structural transition. A strong magnetization reversal (MR) effect is observed upon cooling the system through TN in moderate dc magnetic fields. Positive magnetization is recovered on further cooling through T1 and maintained in subsequent warming curves. The field dependence and training of the MR effect in MnRuP will be discussed in terms of the underlying magnetic structures and compared to anomalous MR observed in vanadate systems. This work is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation GBMF4416 and U.S. DOE, Office of Science, BES, Materials Science and Engineering Division.

Measured emittance dependence on injection method in laser plasma accelerators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barber, Samuel; van Tilborg, Jeroen; Schroeder, Carl; Lehe, Remi; Tsai, Hai-En; Swanson, Kelly; Steinke, Sven; Nakamura, Kei; Geddes, Cameron; Benedetti, Carlo; Esarey, Eric; Leemans, Wim

2017-10-01

The success of many laser plasma accelerator (LPA) based applications relies on the ability to produce electron beams with excellent 6D brightness, where brightness is defined as the ratio of charge to the product of the three normalized emittances. As such, parametric studies of the emittance of LPA generated electron beams are essential. Profiting from a stable and tunable LPA setup, combined with a carefully designed single-shot transverse emittance diagnostic, we present a direct comparison of charge dependent emittance measurements of electron beams generated by two different injection mechanisms: ionization injection and shock induced density down-ramp injection. Notably, the measurements reveal that ionization injection results in significantly higher emittance. With the down-ramp injection configuration, emittances less than 1 micron at spectral charge densities up to 2 pC/MeV were measured. This work was supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the NSF under Grant No. PHY-1415596, by the U.S. DOE NNSA, DNN R&D (NA22), and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation under Grant ID GBMF4898.

Synthesis as the heart of New Materials Physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Canfield, Paul

Humanity needs to find the materials that will ease is growing needs for reliable, renewable, clean, energy and/or will allow for greater insight into the mysteries of collective and, in some cases, emergent states. The design, discovery and growth of novel materials is heart of the research effort that will, hopefully address these needs. In this talk I will present a broad overview of New Materials Physics and describe how a practitioner can go from staring at the periodic table to deciding what ``the next growth will be''. I will present and discuss the three basic motivations for making a growth: wanting a specific compound; wanting a specific ground state; searching for known and unknown unknowns. Materials discussed will span superconductors, quasicrystals, heavy fermions, fragile magnets, topological electronic systems, local moment magnets and a few lost puppies. The goal of this talk is to inspire and entertain, any resemblance to persons living or dead is coincidental. This work was supported by the U.S. Dept. of Energy, Basic Energy Science, Division of Materials Sciences and Engineering under Contract No. DE-AC02-07CH11358 as well as by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4411.

Progress in Direct-Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCrory, R.L.; Meyerhofer, D.D.; Betti, R.

Significant progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research has been made since the completion of the 60-beam, 30-kJ UV OMEGA Laser System [T. R. Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] in 1995. A theory of ignition requirements, applicable to any ICF concept, has been developed. Detailed understanding of laser-plasma coupling, electron thermal transport, and hot-electron preheating has lead to the measurement of neutron-averaged areal densities of ~200 mg/cm^2 in cryogenic target implosions. These correspond to an estimated peak fuel density in excess of 100 g/cm^3 and are in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations. The implosions were performed using anmore » 18-kJ drive pulse designed to put the converging fuel on an adiabat of two. The polar-drive concept will allow direct-drive-ignition research on the National Ignition Facility while it is configured for indirect drive. Advanced ICF ignition concepts—fast ignition [Tabak et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1626 (1994)] and shock ignition [R. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)]—have the potential to significantly reduce ignition driver energies and/or provide higher target gain.« less

Progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCrory, R. L.; Meyerhofer, D. D.; Betti, R.

Significant progress in direct-drive inertial confinement fusion (ICF) research has been made since the completion of the 60-beam, 30-kJ{sub UV} OMEGA Laser System [Boehly, Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)] in 1995. A theory of ignition requirements, applicable to any ICF concept, has been developed. Detailed understanding of laser-plasma coupling, electron thermal transport, and hot-electron preheating has lead to the measurement of neutron-averaged areal densities of {approx}200 mg/cm{sup 2} in cryogenic target implosions. These correspond to an estimated peak fuel density in excess of 100 g/cm{sup 3} and are in good agreement with hydrodynamic simulations. The implosions were performed using anmore » 18-kJ drive pulse designed to put the converging fuel on an adiabat of two. The polar-drive concept will allow direct-drive-ignition research on the National Ignition Facility while it is configured for indirect drive. Advanced ICF ignition concepts - fast ignition [Tabak et al., Phys. Plasmas 1, 1626 (1994)] and shock ignition [Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007)] - have the potential to significantly reduce ignition driver energies and/or provide higher target gain.« less

Tunable anomalous orbital structure in a spinel-perovskite interface γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cao, Yanwei; Liu, Xiaoran; Shafer, Padraic; Middey, Srimanta; Meyers, Derek; Kareev, Mikhail; Zhong, Zhicheng; Kim, Jong-Woo; Ryan, Philip; Arenholz, Elke; Chakhalian, Jak

In all archetypical reported (001)-oriented perovskite heterostructures, for example LaTiO3/SrTiO3, LaAlO3/SrTiO3,YTiO3/SrTiO3 and so on, it has been deduced that the preferential occupation of two-dimensional electron gases is in-plane dxy state. In sharp contrast to this, the investigated electronic structure of a spinel-perovskite heterostructure γ-Al2O3/SrTiO3 by resonant soft X-ray linear dichroism, demonstrates that the preferential occupation is in out-of-plane dxz/dyz states for interfacial electrons. Moreover, the impact of strain further corroborates that this anomalous orbital structure can be linked to the altered crystal field at the interface and symmetry breaking of the interfacial structural units. Our findings provide another interesting route to engineer emergent quantum states with deterministic orbital symmetry. J.C. and Y.C. was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Initiative through Grant No. GBMF4534. S.M. and M.K. were supported by the DOD-ARO under Grant No. 0402-172.

Field dependence of magnetic order and excitations in the Kitaev candidate alpha-RuCl3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Banerjee, Arnab; Kelley, Paula; Winn, Barry; Aczel, Adam; Lumsden, Mark; Mandrus, David; Nagler, Stephen

The search for new quantum states of matter has been one of the forefront endeavors of condensed matter physics. The two-dimensional Kitaev quantum spin liquid (QSL) is of special interest as an exactly solvable spin-liquid model exhibiting exotic fractionalized excitations. Recently, alpha-RuCl3 has been identified as a candidate system for exhibiting some aspects of Kitaev QSL physics. The spins in this material exhibit zig-zag order at low temperatures, and show both low energy spin wave excitation arising from the ordered state as well as a continuum excitation extending to higher energies that has been taken as evidence for QSL relate Majorana fermions. In this talk, we show that the application of an in-plane magnetic field suppresses the zig-zag order possibly resulting in a state devoid of long-range order. Field-dependent inelastic neutron scattering on single-crystal shows a remarkable effect on the excitation spectrum above the critical field. The work is supported by US-DOE, Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences and User Facilities Divisions, and also the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation EPiQS Grant GBFM4416.

Numerosity as a topological invariant.

PubMed

Kluth, Tobias; Zetzsche, Christoph

2016-01-01

The ability to quickly recognize the number of objects in our environment is a fundamental cognitive function. However, it is far from clear which computations and which actual neural processing mechanisms are used to provide us with such a skill. Here we try to provide a detailed and comprehensive analysis of this issue, which comprises both the basic mathematical foundations and the peculiarities imposed by the structure of the visual system and by the neural computations provided by the visual cortex. We suggest that numerosity should be considered as a mathematical invariant. Making use of concepts from mathematical topology--like connectedness, Betti numbers, and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem--we derive the basic computations suited for the computation of this invariant. We show that the computation of numerosity is possible in a neurophysiologically plausible fashion using only computational elements which are known to exist in the visual cortex. We further show that a fundamental feature of numerosity perception, its Weber property, arises naturally, assuming noise in the basic neural operations. The model is tested on an extended data set (made publicly available). It is hoped that our results can provide a general framework for future research on the invariance properties of the numerosity system.

A high-power fiber-coupled semiconductor light source with low spatio-temporal coherence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schittko, Robert; Mazurenko, Anton; Tai, M. Eric; Lukin, Alexander; Rispoli, Matthew; Menke, Tim; Kaufman, Adam M.; Greiner, Markus

2017-04-01

Interference-induced distortions pose a significant challenge to a variety of experimental techniques, ranging from full-field imaging applications in biological research to the creation of optical potentials in quantum gas microscopy. Here, we present a design of a high-power, fiber-coupled semiconductor light source with low spatio-temporal coherence that bears the potential to reduce the impact of such distortions. The device is based on an array of non-lasing semiconductor emitters mounted on a single chip whose optical output is coupled into a multi-mode fiber. By populating a large number of fiber modes, the low spatial coherence of the input light is further reduced due to the differing optical path lengths amongst the modes and the short coherence length of the light. In addition to theoretical calculations showcasing the feasibility of this approach, we present experimental measurements verifying the low degree of spatial coherence achievable with such a source, including a detailed analysis of the speckle contrast at the fiber end. We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative, an Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program and an Army Research Office MURI program.

Physical properties and spin excitations in the lacunar spinels AV4S8(A =Ga, Ge)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pokharel, Ganesh; Christianson, Andrew; Mandrus, David; Liusuo Wu Team; Mark Lumsden Collaboration; Rupam Mukherjee Collaboration; Matthew Stone Collaboration; Georg Ehlers Collaboration

In the lacunar spinels AV4S8 (A = Ga, Ge), the interplay of spin, charge, and orbital degrees of freedom results in a complex phase diagram which includes: ferroelectric, orbitally ordered, and Néel type skyrmion phases. Below 12.7 K GaV4S8 exhibits cycloidal and ferromagnetic order and the application of a magnetic field results in a Néel type skyrmion spin structure. On the other hand, GeV4S8 orders antiferromagentically below 18 K. To illuminate the underlying physics driving the formation of these novel phases, we have measured the magnetization, resistivity, thermal conductivity, and inelastic neutron scattering spectrum of these spinels. The inelastic neutron scattering data shows broadened spin excitations which extend to 6 meV within the magnetically order phases for both GaV4S8 and GeV4S8. The similarity of the spectra for ferromagnetic GaV4S8 and antiferromagnetic GeV4S8 reflects the close balance of ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic interactions in these materials. This research is funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPIQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4416.

Adjoint-Baed Optimal Control on the Pitch Angle of a Single-Bladed Vertical-Axis Wind Turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, Hsieh-Chen; Colonius, Tim

2017-11-01

Optimal control on the pitch angle of a NACA0018 single-bladed vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT) is numerically investigated at a low Reynolds number of 1500. With fixed tip-speed ratio, the input power is minimized and mean tangential force is maximized over a specific time horizon. The immersed boundary method is used to simulate the two-dimensional, incompressible flow around a horizontal cross section of the VAWT. The problem is formulated as a PDE constrained optimization problem and an iterative solution is obtained using adjoint-based conjugate gradient methods. By the end of the longest control horizon examined, two controls end up with time-invariant pitch angles of about the same magnitude but with the opposite signs. The results show that both cases lead to a reduction in the input power but not necessarily an enhancement in the mean tangential force. These reductions in input power are due to the removal of a power-damaging phenomenon that occurs when a vortex pair is captured by the blade in the upwind-half region of a cycle. This project was supported by Caltech FLOWE center/Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Parametric Study of Wall Shear Stress in Idealized Avian Airways

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farnsworth, Michael S.; Riede, Tobias; Thomson, Scott L.

2017-11-01

Because wall shear stress (WSS) affects cell response, WSS patterns in avian respiratory airways may be related to the origin of the syrinx and corresponding voice-producing tissue structures (e.g., membranes or vocal folds) in birds. To explore possible linkages between WSS patterns and the locations of avian voice-producing structures, a computational model of flow through an idealized portion of the avian respiratory airway, including trachea and primary bronchi sections, has been developed. The flow is governed by the Navier-Stokes equations, with velocity boundary conditions derived from pressure-flow data in an adult zebra finch during quiet respiration. Geometric parameters such as tracheal/bronchial diameter and length, as well as bronchial branching angle, are parametrically varied based on data for different avian species. Simulation results predict elevated WSS in the vicinity of the tracheobronchial juncture, the location at which voice-producing tissues are found in avian species. In this presentation, the model will be described and spatial distributions of WSS during inspiration and expiration will be presented and compared for different geometric configurations and respiration rates and waveforms. Funding for this project from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant 4498) is gratefully acknowledged.

The growth of solar radiated yeast

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kraft, Tyrone

1995-01-01

This researcher plans to determine if solar radiation affects the growth of yeast. The irradiated yeast was obtained from a sample exposed in space during a Space Shuttle flight of September 9-20, 1994. Further, the control groups were held at: (1) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland; and (2) South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The procedure used was based on the fact that yeast is most often used in consumable baked goods. Therefore, the yeast was incorporated into a basic Betty Crocker bread recipe. Data was collected by placing measured amounts of dough into sample containers with fifteen minute growth in height measurements collected and recorded. This researcher assumed the viability of yeast to be relative to its ability to produce carbon dioxide gas and cause the dough to rise. As all ingredients and surroundings were equal, this researcher assumed the yeast will produce the only significant difference in data collected. This researcher noted the approximate use date on all sample packages to be prior to arrival and experiment date. All dates equal, it was then assumed each would act in a similar manner of response. This assumption will allow for equally correct data collection.

The growth of solar radiated yeast

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kraft, T.

This researcher plans to determine if solar radiation affects the growth of yeast. The irradiated yeast was obtained from a sample exposed in space during a Space Shuttle flight of September 9-20, 1994. Further, the control groups were held at: (1) Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) in Greenbelt, Maryland; and (2) South Dakota School of Mines and Technology. The procedure used was based on the fact that yeast is most often used in consumable baked goods. Therefore, the yeast was incorporated into a basic Betty Crocker bread recipe. Data was collected by placing measured amounts of dough into sample containersmore » with fifteen minute growth in height measurements collected and recorded. This researcher assumed the viability of yeast to be relative to its ability to produce carbon dioxide gas and cause the dough to rise. As all ingredients and surroundings were equal, this researcher assumed the yeast will produce the only significant difference in data collected. This researcher noted the approximate use date on all sample packages to be prior to arrival and experiment date. All dates equal, it was then assumed each would act in a similar manner of response. This assumption will allow for equally correct data collection.« less

Understanding the role of spin-motion coupling in Ramsey spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koller, Andrew; Beverland, Michael; Mundinger, Joshua; Gorshkov, Alexey; Rey, Ana Maria

2014-05-01

Ramsey spectroscopy has become a powerful technique for probing non-equilibrium dynamics of internal (pseudospin) degrees of freedom of interacting systems. In many theoretical treatments, the key to understanding the dynamics has been to assume the external (motional) degrees of freedom are decoupled from the pseudospin degrees of freedom. Determining the validity of this approximation - known as the spin model approximation - has not been addressed in detail. We shed light in this direction by calculating Ramsey dynamics exactly for two interacting spin-1/2 particles in a harmonic trap. We find that in 1D the spin model assumption works well over a wide range of experimentally-relevant conditions, but can fail at time scales longer than those set by the mean interaction energy. Surprisingly, in 2D a modified version of the spin model is exact to first order in the interaction strength. This analysis is important for a correct interpretation of Ramsey spectroscopy and has broad applications ranging from precision measurements to quantum information and to fundamental probes of many-body systems. Supported by NSF, ARO-DARPA-OLE, AFOSR, NIST, the Lee A. DuBridge and Gordon and Betty Moore Foundations, and the NDSEG program.

Collapse of the ν = 1 quantum Hall effect near a Landau level crossing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hasdemir, Sukret; Liu, Yang; Mueed, M. A.; Pfeiffer, Loren; West, Ken; Baldwin, Kirk; Shayegan, Mansour

2015-03-01

We report magneto-resistance measurements of 2D hole systems (density 2 . 1 ×1011 cm-2) confined to a 40-nm-wide GaAs quantum well as a function of tilted magnetic fields. We observe a strong ν = 1 quantum Hall effect (QHE) at zero parallel field (B| |). The ν = 1 QHE disappears at B| | ~= 4 . 8 T , where we expect a crossing between the lowest two Landau levels. Near this crossing, the energy gap for the ν = 1 QHE collapses from 6 K to zero in a very small B| | range of 0.3 T. The ν = 1 QHE comes back at B| | ~= 8 . 1 T and eventually disappears at B| | > 17 T where the system becomes bilayer-like. The sudden collapse of the ν = 1 QHE and the fact that it comes back after a large B| | range of 3.3 T is intriguing and suggests a pinning of the Landau levels near the crossing. We acknowledge support through the NSF (DMR-1305691, DMR-1310199 and MRSEC DMR-0819860), the DOE BES (DE-FG02-00-ER45841), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant GBMF4420), and the Keck Foundation.

Strain-Induced Anisotropic Fermi Contour of 2D Holes and Composite Fermions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jo, Insun; Rosales, K. A. V.; Mueed, M. A.; Padmanabhan, M.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W.; Baldwin, K. W.; Winkler, R.; Shayegan, M.

We present experimental and theoretical results demonstrating strain-induced Fermi contour anisotropy of two-dimensional (2D) holes and composite fermions (CFs) confined to a (001) GaAs quantum well. We apply a tunable uniaxial strain to a thinned (001) GaAs wafer, glued to a piezoelectric actuator. When the 2D holes are subjected to an in-plane uniaxial strain, their band structure and Fermi contour become anisotropic by about 30% even for a minute amount of strain, on the order of 10-4. Via measurements of commensurability oscillations, we determine the Fermi contour anisotropy for holes near zero magnetic field, and for CFs at high magnetic fields, as a function of uniaxial strain. The measured Fermi contour anisotropy of holes is consistent with the calculation results. The observed CF Fermi contour anisotropy also shows a strong dependence on the applied strain, which we compare quantitatively to that of the low-field holes. Supported by the NSF(Grants DMR-1305691, ECCS-1508925, and MRSEC DMR-1420541), the DOE Basic Energy Sciences (DE-FG02-00-ER45841), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF4420), and the Keck Foundation. R. W. is supported by the NSF (DMR-1310199).

Dynamics of hot random quantum spin chains: from anyons to Heisenberg spins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parameswaran, Siddharth; Potter, Andrew; Vasseur, Romain

2015-03-01

We argue that the dynamics of the random-bond Heisenberg spin chain are ergodic at infinite temperature, in contrast to the many-body localized behavior seen in its random-field counterpart. First, we show that excited-state real-space renormalization group (RSRG-X) techniques suffer from a fatal breakdown of perturbation theory due to the proliferation of large effective spins that grow without bound. We repair this problem by deforming the SU (2) symmetry of the Heisenberg chain to its `anyonic' version, SU(2)k , where the growth of effective spins is truncated at spin S = k / 2 . This enables us to construct a self-consistent RSRG-X scheme that is particularly simple at infinite temperature. Solving the flow equations, we compute the excited-state entanglement and show that it crosses over from volume-law to logarithmic scaling at a length scale ξk ~eαk3 . This reveals that (a) anyon chains have random-singlet-like excited states for any finite k; and (b) ergodicity is restored in the Heisenberg limit k --> ∞ . We acknowledge support from the Quantum Materials program of LBNL (RV), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (ACP), and UC Irvine startup funds (SAP).

Particle-hole symmetry, many-body localization, and topological edge modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasseur, Romain; Friedman, Aaron J.; Parameswaran, S. A.; Potter, Andrew C.

We study the excited states of interacting fermions in one dimension with particle-hole symmetric disorder (equivalently, random-bond XXZ chains) using a combination of renormalization group methods and exact diagonalization. Absent interactions, the entire many-body spectrum exhibits infinite-randomness quantum critical behavior with highly degenerate excited states. We show that though interactions are an irrelevant perturbation in the ground state, they drastically affect the structure of excited states: even arbitrarily weak interactions split the degeneracies in favor of thermalization (weak disorder) or spontaneously broken particle-hole symmetry, driving the system into a many-body localized spin glass phase (strong disorder). In both cases, the quantum critical properties of the non-interacting model are destroyed, either by thermal decoherence or spontaneous symmetry breaking. This system then has the interesting and counterintuitive property that edges of the many-body spectrum are less localized than the center of the spectrum. We argue that our results rule out the existence of certain excited state symmetry-protected topological orders. Supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative (Grant GBMF4307 (ACP), the Quantum Materials Program at LBNL (RV), NSF Grant DMR-1455366 and UCOP Research Catalyst Award No. CA-15-327861 (SAP).

Edge connectivity and the spectral gap of combinatorial and quantum graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkolaiko, Gregory; Kennedy, James B.; Kurasov, Pavel; Mugnolo, Delio

2017-09-01

We derive a number of upper and lower bounds for the first nontrivial eigenvalue of Laplacians on combinatorial and quantum graph in terms of the edge connectivity, i.e. the minimal number of edges which need to be removed to make the graph disconnected. On combinatorial graphs, one of the bounds corresponds to a well-known inequality of Fiedler, of which we give a new variational proof. On quantum graphs, the corresponding bound generalizes a recent result of Band and Lévy. All proofs are general enough to yield corresponding estimates for the p-Laplacian and allow us to identify the minimizers. Based on the Betti number of the graph, we also derive upper and lower bounds on all eigenvalues which are ‘asymptotically correct’, i.e. agree with the Weyl asymptotics for the eigenvalues of the quantum graph. In particular, the lower bounds improve the bounds of Friedlander on any given graph for all but finitely many eigenvalues, while the upper bounds improve recent results of Ariturk. Our estimates are also used to derive bounds on the eigenvalues of the normalized Laplacian matrix that improve known bounds of spectral graph theory.

Anomalous Thermal Diffusivity in Bad Metals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Jiecheng; Levenson-Falk, Eli M.; Ramshaw, Brad J.; Bonn, Douglas A.; Liang, Ruixing; Hardy, Walter N.; Hartnoll, Sean A.; Kapitulnik, Aharon

Local measurements of thermal diffusivity are used to analyze the transport of heat in the bad metallic regime of several strongly correlated materials. In underdoped YBCO systems, we use the in-plane anisotropy to analyze transport in this system. Specifically, we find that the diffusivity anisotropy is comparable to reported values of the electrical resistivity anisotropy and drops sharply below the charge order transition, suggesting that both anisotropies have the same origin. We interpret our results through a strong electron-phonon scattering picture and find that both electronic and phononic contributions to the diffusivity exhibit a saturated scattering time of ℏ /kB T . Our results suggest that neither well-defined electron nor phonon quasiparticles are present in underdoped YBCO systems, and thermal transport exhibits a collective behavior of a ''soup'' of strongly coupled electrons and phonons which moves at a velocity that is smaller than the Fermi velocity, but larger than the speed of sound. We generalize this treatment to measurements of other bad metals and discuss its implications. Work supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation through the EPiQS Initiative, Grant GBMF4529, and by a Department of Energy Early Career Award (SAH).

Threshold Dynamics of a Semiconductor Single Atom Maser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yinyu

Photon emission from single emitters provides fundamental insight into the detailed interaction between light and matter. Here we demonstrate a semiconductor single atom maser (SeSAM) that consists of a single InAs double quantum dot (DQD) that is coupled to a high quality factor microwave cavity. A finite bias results in population inversion in the DQD, enabling sizable cavity gain and stimulated emission. We develop a pulsed-gate approach that allows the SeSAM to be tuned across the masing threshold. The cavity output power as a function of DQD current is in good agreement with single atom maser theory once a small correction for lead emission is included. Photon statistics measurements show that the second-order correlation function of intra-cavity photon number, nc, crosses over from 〈nc2 〉 /〈nc 〉 2 = 2.1 below threshold to 〈nc2 〉 /〈nc 〉 2 = 1.2 above threshold. Large fluctuations are observed at threshold. In collaboration with J. Stehlik, C. Eichler, X. Mi, T. R. Hartke, M. J. Gullans, J. M. Taylor and J. R. Petta. Supported by the NSF and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS initiative through Grant No. GBMF4535.

Robustness and percolation of holes in complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Andu; Maletić, Slobodan; Zhao, Yi

2018-07-01

Efficient robustness and fault tolerance of complex network is significantly influenced by its connectivity, commonly modeled by the structure of pairwise relations between network elements, i.e., nodes. Nevertheless, aggregations of nodes build higher-order structures embedded in complex network, which may be more vulnerable when the fraction of nodes is removed. The structure of higher-order aggregations of nodes can be naturally modeled by simplicial complexes, whereas the removal of nodes affects the values of topological invariants, like the number of higher-dimensional holes quantified with Betti numbers. Following the methodology of percolation theory, as the fraction of nodes is removed, new holes appear, which have the role of merger between already present holes. In the present article, relationship between the robustness and homological properties of complex network is studied, through relating the graph-theoretical signatures of robustness and the quantities derived from topological invariants. The simulation results of random failures and intentional attacks on networks suggest that the changes of graph-theoretical signatures of robustness are followed by differences in the distribution of number of holes per cluster under different attack strategies. In the broader sense, the results indicate the importance of topological invariants research for obtaining further insights in understanding dynamics taking place over complex networks.

Intrinsic rippling enhances static non-reciprocity in a graphene metamaterial.

PubMed

Ho, Duc Tam; Park, Harold S; Kim, Sung Youb

2018-01-18

In mechanical systems, Maxwell-Betti reciprocity means that the displacement at point B in response to a force at point A is the same as the displacement at point A in response to the same force applied at point B. Because the notion of reciprocity is general, fundamental, and is operant for other physical systems like electromagnetics, acoustics, and optics, there is significant interest in understanding systems that are not reciprocal, or exhibit non-reciprocity. However, most studies on non-reciprocity have occurred in bulk-scale structures for dynamic problems involving time reversal symmetry. As a result, little is known about the mechanisms governing static non-reciprocal responses, particularly in atomically-thin two-dimensional materials like graphene. Here, we use classical atomistic simulations to demonstrate that out-of-plane ripples, which are intrinsic to graphene, enable significant, multiple orders of magnitude enhancements in the statically non-reciprocal response of graphene metamaterials. Specifically, we find that a striking interplay between the ripples and the stress fields that are induced in the metamaterials due to their geometry impacts the displacements that are transmitted by the metamaterial, thus leading to a significantly enhanced static non-reciprocal response. This study thus demonstrates the potential of two-dimensional mechanical metamaterials for symmetry-breaking applications.

Accountability for Community-Based Programs for the Seriously Ill.

PubMed

Teno, Joan M; Montgomery, Russ; Valuck, Tom; Corrigan, Janet; Meier, Diane E; Kelley, Amy; Curtis, J Randall; Engelberg, Ruth

2018-03-01

Innovation is needed to improve care of the seriously ill, and there are important opportunities as we transition from a volume- to value-based payment system. Not all seriously ill are dying; some recover, while others are persistently functionally impaired. While we innovate in service delivery and payment models for the seriously ill, it is important that we concurrently develop accountability that ensures a focus on high-quality care rather than narrowly focusing on cost containment. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation convened a meeting of 45 experts to arrive at guiding principles for measurement, create a starter measurement set, specify a proposed definition of the denominator and its refinement, and identify research priorities for future implementation of the accountability system. A series of articles written by experts provided the basis for debate and guidance in formulating a path forward to develop an accountability system for community-based programs for the seriously ill, outlined in this article. As we innovate in existing population-based payment programs such as Medicare Advantage and develop new alternative payment models, it is important and urgent that we develop the foundation for accountability along with actionable measures so that the healthcare system ensures high-quality person- and family-centered care for persons who are seriously ill.

Progress towards measurement of entanglement entropy dynamics in one-dimensional interacting systems in the presence of disorder

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lukin, Alexander; Tai, M. Eric; Rispoli, Matthew; Schittko, Robert; Menke, Tim; Kaufman, Adam; Greiner, Markus

2017-04-01

Many-body localized states appear at odds with thermalization as they preserve the memory of their initial state. This behavior has drawn significant theoretical and experimental attention in recent years. Real space localization has been observed on various platforms and under a number of experimental conditions, both with and without interactions. However, the characteristic logarithmic growth of entanglement entropy, which distinguishes the many-body localized state from the non-interacting Anderson localized state, has only been studied in numerics and has yet to be investigated experimentally. We are working towards the phenomenon of localization in one dimensional, interacting Bose-Hubbard system using a quantum gas microscope. With site-resolved addressing and readout, our microscope provides full control over the studied system, in particular it allows us to add disorder into our system using a Fourier plane hologram. This gives us access to both local observables, such as the occupation of individual lattice sites, as well as the entanglement entropy. I will present our progress towards measuring the dependence of the entanglement entropy grows on the disorder strength and interactions in our system. National Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative, Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program, NSF Graduate Research Fellowship Program (MNR).

A fiber-coupled incoherent light source for ultra-precise optical trapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menke, Tim; Schittko, Robert; Mazurenko, Anton; Tai, M. Eric; Lukin, Alexander; Rispoli, Matthew; Kaufman, Adam M.; Greiner, Markus

2017-04-01

The ability to engineer arbitrary optical potentials using spatial light modulation has opened up exciting possibilities in ultracold quantum gas experiments. Yet, despite the high trap quality currently achievable, interference-induced distortions caused by scattering along the optical path continue to impede more sensitive measurements. We present a design of a high-power, spatially and temporally incoherent light source that bears the potential to reduce the impact of such distortions. The device is based on an array of non-lasing semiconductor emitters mounted on a single chip whose optical output is coupled into a multi-mode fiber. By populating a large number of fiber modes, the low spatial coherence of the input light is further reduced due to the differing optical path lengths amongst the modes and the short coherence length of the light. In addition to theoretical calculations showcasing the feasibility of this approach, we present experimental measurements verifying the low degree of spatial coherence achievable with such a source, including a detailed analysis of the speckle contrast at the fiber end. We acknowledge support from the National Science Foundation, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative, an Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program and an Army Research Office MURI program.

Microscopy of the interacting Harper-Hofstadter model in the few-body limit

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tai, M. Eric; Lukin, Alexander; Rispoli, Matthew; Schittko, Robert; Menke, Tim; Borgnia, Dan; Preiss, Philipp; Grusdt, Fabian; Kaufman, Adam; Greiner, Markus

2017-04-01

The interplay of magnetic fields and interacting particles can lead to exotic phases of matter exhibiting topological order and high degrees of spatial entanglement. While these phases were discovered in a solid-state setting, recent techniques have enabled the realization of gauge fields in systems of ultracold neutral atoms, offering a new experimental paradigm for studying these novel states of matter. This complementary platform holds promise for exploring exotic physics in fractional quantum Hall systems due to the microscopic manipulation and precision possible in cold atom systems. However, these experiments thus far have mostly explored the regime of weak interactions. Here, we show how strong interactions can modify the propagation of particles in a 2 × N , real-space ladder governed by the Harper-Hofstadter model. We observe inter-particle interactions affect the populating of chiral bands, giving rise to chiral dynamics whose multi-particle correlations indicate both bound and free-particle character. The novel form of interaction-induced chirality observed in these experiments demonstrates the essential ingredients for future investigations of highly entangled topological phases of many-body systems. We are supported by Grants from the National Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative, an Air Force Office of Scientific Research MURI program, an Army Research Office MURI program, and the NSF GRFP (MNR).

Theory of hydro-equivalent ignition for inertial fusion and its applications to OMEGA and the National Ignition Facility

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nora, R.; Betti, R.; Bose, A.

The theory of ignition for inertial confinement fusion capsules [R. Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] is used to assess the performance requirements for cryogenic implosion experiments on the Omega Laser Facility. The theory of hydrodynamic similarity is developed in both one and two dimensions and tested using multimode hydrodynamic simulations with the hydrocode DRACO [P. B. Radha et al., Phys. Plasmas 12, 032702 (2005)] of hydro-equivalent implosions (implosions with the same implosion velocity, adiabat, and laser intensity). The theory is used to scale the performance of direct-drive OMEGA implosions to the National Ignition Facility (NIF) energy scalesmore » and determine the requirements for demonstrating hydro-equivalent ignition on OMEGA. Hydro-equivalent ignition on OMEGA is represented by a cryogenic implosion that would scale to ignition on the NIF at 1.8 MJ of laser energy symmetrically illuminating the target. It is found that a reasonable combination of neutron yield and areal density for OMEGA hydro-equivalent ignition is 3 to 6 × 10{sup 13} and ∼0.3 g/cm{sup 2}, respectively, depending on the level of laser imprinting. This performance has not yet been achieved on OMEGA.« less

Competition between magnetism and superconductivity in Eu-based intermetallic compounds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stavinoha, Macy; Green, Lance; Chan, Julia; Morosan, Emilia

Eu-based intermetallic compounds present a path to discover new correlated electronic behavior in quantum materials. Reports of superconductivity, intermediate valence behavior, and heavy fermions indicate that Eu-based compounds are promising routes to study the relationship between crystallography and electronic properties. The present work is focused on EuGa4, an antiferromagnet with TN = 16 K isostructural with the tetragonal RT2M2 (R = rare earth, T = transition metal, M = metal or metalloid) family that exhibits heavy fermion behavior and unconventional superconductivity. Single crystals of the doped series (Eu1-xLax)Ga4, (Eu1-xCax)Ga4, and Eu(Ga1-xAlx)4 have been grown using the self-flux method and tested for change in unit cell volume and magnetic susceptibility. Results show that doping with Ca (isoelectronic doping) and La (hole doping) reduce TN to 12.4 K and 2.3 K, respectively, for Ca doping up to x = 0.11 and La doping up to x = 0.74 without an associated change in unit cell volume. The series Eu(Ga1-xAlx)4 has shown incommensurate-to-commensurate magnetic transitions. Future studies will aim to further decrease TN and the unit cell volume using physical pressure and chemical pressure through doping. ICAM, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Coriolis effect on dynamic stall in a vertical axis wind turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, Hsieh-Chen; Colonius, Tim

2013-11-01

The immersed boundary method is used to simulate the flow around a two-dimensional rotating NACA 0018 airfoil at moderate (sub-scale) Reynolds number in order to investigate separated flow occurring on a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). The influence of dynamic stall on the forces is characterized as a function of tip-speed ratio. The influence of the Coriolis effect is also investigated by comparing the rotating airfoil to one undergoing a surging and pitching motion that produces an equivalent speed and angle-of-attack variation over the cycle. While the Coriolis force produces only small differences in the averaged forces, it plays an important role during dynamic stall. Due to the fact that the Coriolis force deflects the fluid and propagates the vortices differently, the wake-capturing phenomenon of the trailing edge vortex is observed in the flow around the rotating airfoil during a certain range of azimuthal angle. This wake-capturing of the trailing edge vortex leads to a large decrease in lift. However, because of the phase difference between each wake-capturing, there are only small differences in the average forces. The simulations are also compared to results from companion water-tunnel experiments at Caltech. This project is supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Numerical investigation of the self-starting of a vertical axis wind turbine

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsai, Hsieh-Chen; Colonius, Tim

2014-11-01

The immersed boundary method is used to simulate the incompressible flow around two-dimensional airfoils at sub-scale Reynolds number in order to investigate the self-starting capability of a vertical-axis wind turbine (VAWT). By investigating a single blade fixed at various angle of attacks, the leading edge vortex (LEV) is shown to play an important role in the starting mechanism for both flat-plate and NACA 0018 blades. Depending on the angle of attack of the blade, as the LEV grows, the corresponding low pressure region results in a thrust in the tangential direction, which produces a positive torque to VAWT. Due to the characteristics of the blades, a NACA 0018 blade produces a larger thrust over a wider range of angle of attacks than a flat-plate blade. Therefore, a VAWT with NACA 0018 blades can self-start more easily than one with flat-plate blades. Moreover, by investigating the starting torque of three-bladed VAWTs fixed at various orientations, the optimal orientation that produces the largest torque to start both VAWTs is with a blade parallel to the flow and facing downstream. The simulations are also compared to results from companion water-tunnel experiments at Caltech. This project is supported by Caltech FLOWE center/Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Accountability for Community-Based Programs for the Seriously Ill

PubMed Central

Montgomery, Russ; Valuck, Tom; Corrigan, Janet; Meier, Diane E.; Kelley, Amy; Curtis, J. Randall; Engelberg, Ruth

2018-01-01

Abstract Innovation is needed to improve care of the seriously ill, and there are important opportunities as we transition from a volume- to value-based payment system. Not all seriously ill are dying; some recover, while others are persistently functionally impaired. While we innovate in service delivery and payment models for the seriously ill, it is important that we concurrently develop accountability that ensures a focus on high-quality care rather than narrowly focusing on cost containment. The Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation convened a meeting of 45 experts to arrive at guiding principles for measurement, create a starter measurement set, specify a proposed definition of the denominator and its refinement, and identify research priorities for future implementation of the accountability system. A series of articles written by experts provided the basis for debate and guidance in formulating a path forward to develop an accountability system for community-based programs for the seriously ill, outlined in this article. As we innovate in existing population-based payment programs such as Medicare Advantage and develop new alternative payment models, it is important and urgent that we develop the foundation for accountability along with actionable measures so that the healthcare system ensures high-quality person- and family-centered care for persons who are seriously ill. PMID:29195052

Collective modes in CuxTiSe2 measured with meV-resolution EELS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rak, Melinda; Vig, Sean; Husain, Ali; Mitrano, Matteo; Rubeck, Samantha; Kogar, Anshul; Karapetrov, Goran; Morosan, Emilia; Abbamonte, Peter

The charge density wave (CDW) in 1 T-TiSe2 has been widely thought to be the result of an excitonic insulator transition. We recently observed a soft electronic mode in TiSe2 using a new, momentum-resolved electron energy loss spectroscopy (M-EELS) technique, demonstrating a condensation of electron-hole pairs in this material. As TiSe2 is doped with Cu to produce CuxTiSe2, a superconducting dome emerges above x ˜ 0.04. In this talk, I describe how the electronic collective mode evolves with Cu doping. We find that the temperature dependence of the electronic mode reverses as Cu is introduced and that the mode is much broader at low temperature as compared to the undoped material. Additionally, the electronic mode no longer has a positive dispersion at 300 K as described by the Lindhard function, but has a slightly negative dispersion for small momentum transfers. We will discuss the implications of these results for the excitonic insulator transition in TiSe2. This work was supported by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4542. An early prototype of the M-EELS instrument was supported by the DOE Center for Emergent Superconductivity under Award No. DE-AC02-98CH10886.

Statistical imprints of CMB B -type polarization leakage in an incomplete sky survey analysis

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Santos, Larissa; Wang, Kai; Hu, Yangrui

2017-01-01

One of the main goals of modern cosmology is to search for primordial gravitational waves by looking on their imprints in the B -type polarization in the cosmic microwave background radiation. However, this signal is contaminated by various sources, including cosmic weak lensing, foreground radiations, instrumental noises, as well as the E -to- B leakage caused by the partial sky surveys, which should be well understood to avoid the misinterpretation of the observed data. In this paper, we adopt the E / B decomposition method suggested by Smith in 2006, and study the imprints of E -to- B leakage residualsmore » in the constructed B -type polarization maps, B( n-circumflex ), by employing various statistical tools. We find that the effects of E -to- B leakage are negligible for the B-mode power spectrum, as well as the skewness and kurtosis analyses of B-maps. However, if employing the morphological statistical tools, including Minkowski functionals and/or Betti numbers, we find the effect of leakage can be detected at very high confidence level, which shows that in the morphological analysis, the leakage can play a significant role as a contaminant for measuring the primordial B -mode signal and must be taken into account for a correct explanation of the data.« less

Anomalous electronic states in Pb1-xSnxTe induced by hydrostatic pressure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Tian; Kushwaha, Satya; Gibson, Quinn; Cava, R. J.; Ong, N. P.

Dirac/Weyl semimetals have attracted strong interest. In Dirac semimetals Cd3As2, Na3Bi, the Dirac nodes split into Weyl states in a magnetic field, which leads to novel phenomena, such as ultrahigh mobility (107 cm2 V-1 s-1) in Cd3As2, and the chiral anomaly in Na3Bi. The chiral anomaly appears as a negative longitudinal magnetoresistance. A new path to realize Weyl states is via the closing of the bulk gap in a system with broken inversion symmetry. As the gap is tuned, a Weyl semimetalic state is predicted to appear between two insulating phases. We performed the hydrostatic pressure measurement for Pb1-xSnxTe and observed that the gap of the system closes under pressure and the system shows insulator to metal phase transition. Interestingly, in the metalic phase, we observed giant negative magnetoresistance as well as anomalous hall effect which onsets only in the quantum limit. We discuss the implication of these phenomena and their relation with the Berry curvature. Supported by MURI grant (ARO W911NF-12-1-0461), Army Research Office (ARO W911NF-11-1-0379), Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (EPiQS Initiative GBMF4539).

The type VI secretion system impacts bacterial invasion and population dynamics in a model intestinal microbiota

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Logan, Savannah L.; Shields, Drew S.; Hammer, Brian K.; Xavier, Joao B.; Parthasarathy, Raghuveer

Animal gastrointestinal tracts are home to a diverse community of microbes. The mechanisms by which microbial species interact and compete in this dense, physically dynamic space are poorly understood, limiting our understanding of how natural communities are assembled and how different communities could be engineered. Here, we focus on a physical mechanism for competition: the type VI secretion system (T6SS). The T6SS is a syringe-like organelle used by certain bacteria to translocate effector proteins across the cell membranes of target bacterial cells, killing them. Here, we use T6SS+ and T6SS- strains of V. cholerae, the pathogen that causes cholera in humans, and light sheet fluorescence microscopy for in vivo imaging to show that the T6SS provides an advantage to strains colonizing the larval zebrafish gut. Furthermore, we show that T6SS+ bacteria can invade and alter an existing population of a different species in the zebrafish gut, reducing its abundance and changing the form of its population dynamics. This work both demonstrates a mechanism for altering the gut microbiota with an invasive species and explores the processes controlling the stability and dynamics of the gut ecosystem. Research Corporation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and the Simons Foundation.

The SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aldering, Gregory S.; Supernova Factory, Nearby

2007-05-01

The SuperNova Integral Field Spectrograph (SNIFS) is operated at the University of Hawaii 2.2 meter telescope on Mauna Kea by the Nearby Supernova Factory. The IFU has a 6x6 arcsecond field of view, and the combined blue and red channels simultaneously cover the full optical (320-1000 nm) spectral range. SNIFS was designed to allow spectrophotometry of supernovae under both photometric and non-photometric conditions. SNIFS is operated entirely remotely, in a quasi-automated mode, from as nearby as Hilo, Hawaii and as far away as Paris, France. Being mounted at the south bent Cassegrain focus of the UH 2.2-m, SNIFS is always available, either for regular Nearby Supernova Factory observations, or any of a range of programs conducted by astronomers at the University of Hawaii Institute for Astronomy. We illustrate some of the unique features of SNIFS and some of the science programs that have been undertaken using it. This work is supported in part by the Director, Office of Science, Office of High Energy and Nuclear Physics, of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contracts No. DE-FG0-92ER40704, by a grant from the Gordon & Betty Moore Foundation, and in France by CNRS/IN2P3, CNRS/INSU and PNC.

Probing the excited subband dispersion of holes confined to GaAs wide quantum wells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jo, Insun; Liu, Yang; Deng, H.; Shayegan, M.; Pfeiffer, L. N.; West, K. W.; Baldwin, K. W.; Winkler, R.

Owing to the strong spin-orbit coupling and their large effective mass, the two-dimensional (2D) holes in modulation-doped GaAs quantum wells provide a fertile test bed to study the rich physics of low-dimensional systems. In a wide quantum well, even at moderate 2D densities, the holes start to occupy the excited subband, a subband whose dispersion is very unusual and has a non-monotonic dependence on the wave vector. Here, we study a 2D hole system confined to a 40-nm-thick (001) GaAs quantum well and demonstrate that, via the application of both front and back gates, the density can be tuned in a wide range, between ~1 and 2 ×1011 cm-2. Using Fourier analysis of the low-field Shubnikov-de Haas oscillations, we investigate the population of holes and the spin-orbit interaction induced spin-splitting in different subbands. We discuss the results in light of self-consistent quantum calculations of magneto-oscillations. Work support by the DOE BES (DE-FG02-00-ER45841), the NSF (Grants DMR-1305691 and MRSEC DMR-1420541), the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (Grant GBMF4420), and Keck Foundation for experiments, and the NSF Grant DMR-1310199 for calculations.

Constrained maximum likelihood modal parameter identification applied to structural dynamics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Kafafy, Mahmoud; Peeters, Bart; Guillaume, Patrick; De Troyer, Tim

2016-05-01

A new modal parameter estimation method to directly establish modal models of structural dynamic systems satisfying two physically motivated constraints will be presented. The constraints imposed in the identified modal model are the reciprocity of the frequency response functions (FRFs) and the estimation of normal (real) modes. The motivation behind the first constraint (i.e. reciprocity) comes from the fact that modal analysis theory shows that the FRF matrix and therefore the residue matrices are symmetric for non-gyroscopic, non-circulatory, and passive mechanical systems. In other words, such types of systems are expected to obey Maxwell-Betti's reciprocity principle. The second constraint (i.e. real mode shapes) is motivated by the fact that analytical models of structures are assumed to either be undamped or proportional damped. Therefore, normal (real) modes are needed for comparison with these analytical models. The work done in this paper is a further development of a recently introduced modal parameter identification method called ML-MM that enables us to establish modal model that satisfies such motivated constraints. The proposed constrained ML-MM method is applied to two real experimental datasets measured on fully trimmed cars. This type of data is still considered as a significant challenge in modal analysis. The results clearly demonstrate the applicability of the method to real structures with significant non-proportional damping and high modal densities.

The 2017 Solar Eclipse Community Impacts through Public Library Engagement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dusenbery, P.; Holland, A.; LaConte, K.; Mosshammer, G.; Harold, J. B.; Fraknoi, A.; Schatz, D.; Duncan, D. K.

2017-12-01

More than two million pairs of eclipse glasses were distributed free through public libraries in the U.S. for the solar eclipse of the Sun taking place on August 21, 2017. About 7,000 organizations, including public library branches, bookmobiles, tribal libraries, library consortia, and state libraries took part in the celestial event of the century. Many organizations received a package of free safe-viewing glasses, plus a 24-page information booklet about eclipse viewing and suggested program ideas. An educational video was also produced on how best to do public outreach programs about the eclipse. The project was supported, in part, by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, with additional help from Google, NASA, the Research Corporation, and the National Science Foundation (NSF). The program was managed through the Space Science Institute's National Center for Interactive Learning as part of its STAR Library Network (STAR_Net). Resources developed by STAR_Net for this event included an Eclipse Resource Center; a newsletter for participating libraries to learn about eclipses and how to implement an effective and safe eclipse program; eclipse program activities on its STEM Activity Clearinghouse; webinars; and connections to subject matter experts from NASA's and the American Astronomical Society's volunteer networks. This presentation will provide an overview of the extensive collaboration that made this program possible as well as highlight the national impact that public libraries made in their communities.

Analysis of benchmark critical experiments with ENDF/B-VI data sets

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hardy, J. Jr.; Kahler, A.C.

1991-12-31

Several clean critical experiments were analyzed with ENDF/B-VI data to assess the adequacy of the data for U{sup 235}, U{sup 238} and oxygen. These experiments were (1) a set of homogeneous U{sup 235}-H{sub 2}O assemblies spanning a wide range of hydrogen/uranium ratio, and (2) TRX-1, a simple, H{sub 2}O-moderated Bettis lattice of slightly-enriched uranium metal rods. The analyses used the Monte Carlo program RCP01, with explicit three-dimensional geometry and detailed representation of cross sections. For the homogeneous criticals, calculated k{sub crit} values for large, thermal assemblies show good agreement with experiment. This supports the evaluated thermal criticality parameters for U{supmore » 235}. However, for assemblies with smaller H/U ratios, k{sub crit} values increase significantly with increasing leakage and flux-spectrum hardness. These trends suggest that leakage is underpredicted and that the resonance eta of the ENDF/B-VI U{sup 235} is too large. For TRX-1, reasonably good agreement is found with measured lattice parameters (reaction-rate ratios). Of primary interest is rho28, the ratio of above-thermal to thermal U{sup 238} capture. Calculated rho28 is 2.3 ({+-} 1.7) % above measurement, suggesting that U{sup 238} resonance capture remains slightly overpredicted with ENDF/B-VI. However, agreement is better than observed with earlier versions of ENDF/B.« less

DataUp: Helping manage and archive data within the researcher's workflow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strasser, C.

2012-12-01

There are many barriers to data management and sharing among earth and environmental scientists; among the most significant are lacks of knowledge about best practices for data management, metadata standards, or appropriate data repositories for archiving and sharing data. We have developed an open-source add-in for Excel and an open source web application intended to help researchers overcome these barriers. DataUp helps scientists to (1) determine whether their file is CSV compatible, (2) generate metadata in a standard format, (3) retrieve an identifier to facilitate data citation, and (4) deposit their data into a repository. The researcher does not need a prior relationship with a data repository to use DataUp; the newly implemented ONEShare repository, a DataONE member node, is available for any researcher to archive and share their data. By meeting researchers where they already work, in spreadsheets, DataUp becomes part of the researcher's workflow and data management and sharing becomes easier. Future enhancement of DataUp will rely on members of the community adopting and adapting the DataUp tools to meet their unique needs, including connecting to analytical tools, adding new metadata schema, and expanding the list of connected data repositories. DataUp is a collaborative project between Microsoft Research Connections, the University of California's California Digital Library, the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and DataONE.

The role of tip deflection on the thrust produced by rigid flapping fins

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huera-Huarte, Francisco; Gharib, Morteza

2015-11-01

It is well known that flexibility plays an important role in the propulsion performance and efficiency of oscillating fin based propulsion systems. Compliance is one of the aspects that has received more attention, as it seems to be a common feature in nature's flyers and swimmers. Active control strategies are also common in nature. We will show how by deflecting only the last 10% of length of a rigid fin, at the tip, the thrust can be changed dramatically. This can be thought as an alternative to passive flexibility for controlling very efficiently the momentum transfer in the wake and therefore the thrust generation when flapping. A series of experiments have been carried with a robotic fin that allowed the control of its flapping kinematics as well as the control of the motions of its tip independently. We will be showing situations in which the tip was kept at a certain fixed position during a power stroke, and others in which it moved either in-phase or out-of-phase with the fin. The observed thrust and wake dynamics will be discussed for all these situations. The authors would like to acknowledge the financial support provided by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y competitividad (MINECO) through grant DPI2012-37904. Visiting Associate in Aerospace, California Institute of Technology.

A Multi-Gradient Generator in a Single Microfluidic Device for Optical Microscopy and Interferometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bedrossian, Manuel; Nadeau, Jay; Lindensmith, Chris

2016-11-01

The goal of this work was to create a single microfluidic device capable of establishing multiple types of gradients in a quantifiable manner. Many microbial species are known to exhibit directed motility in the presence of stimuli. This phenomenon, known as taxis, can be used as a bio-signature and a means of identifying microorganisms. Directed microbial motility has been seen as a response to the presence of certain chemicals, light, heat, magnetic fields, and other stimuli. Microbial movement along the gradient vector, that cannot be explained by passive hydrodynamics or Brownian motion, can shed light on whether the sample contains living microbes or not. The ability to create multiple types of gradients in a single microfluidic device allows for high throughput testing of heterogeneous samples to detect taxis. There has been increased interest in the search for life within our solar system where liquid water is known to exist. Induced directional motility can serve as a viable method for detecting living organisms that actively respond to their environment. The device developed here includes a chemical, photonic, thermal, and magnetic gradient generator, while maintaining high optical quality in order to be used for microscopy as well as quantitative phase imaging This work was funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, who the authors wish to thank for their generosity.

Evidence for a New Intermediate Phase in a Strongly Correlated 2D System near Wigner Crystallization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, Xuan; Qiu, Richard; Goble, Nicholas; Serafin, Alex; Yin, Liang; Xia, Jian-Sheng; Sullivan, Neil; Pfeiffer, Loren; West, Ken

How the two dimensional (2D) quantum Wigner crystal (WC) transforms into the metallic liquid phase remains an outstanding problem in physics. In theories considering the 2D WC to liquid transition in the clean limit, it was suggested that a number of intermediate phases might exist. We have studied the transformation between the metallic fluid phase and the low magnetic field reentrant insulating phase (RIP) which was interpreted as due to the WC [Qiu et al., PRL 108, 106404 (2012)], in a strongly correlated 2D hole system in GaAs quantum well with large interaction parameter rs (~20-30) and high mobility. Instead of a sharp transition, we found that increasing density (or lowering rs) drives the RIP into a state where the incipient RIP coexists with Fermi liquid. This apparent mixture phase intermediate between Fermi liquid and WC also exhibits a non-trivial temperature dependent resistivity behavior which can be qualitatively understood by the reversed melting of WC in the mixture, in analogy to the Pomeranchuk effect in the solid-liquid mixture of Helium-3. X.G. thanks NSF (DMR-0906415) for supporting work at CWRU. Experiments at the NHMFL High B/T Facility were supported by NSF Grant 0654118 and the State of Florida. L.P. thanks the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and NSF MRSEC (DMR-0819860) for support.

PDQ-8 reference manual (LWBR development program)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pfiefer, C J; Spitz, C J

1978-05-01

The PDQ-8 program is designed to solve the neutron diffusion, depletion problem in one, two, or three dimensions on the CDC-6600 and CDC-7600 computers. The three dimensional spatial calculation may be either explicit or discontinuous trial function synthesis. Up to five lethargy groups are permitted. The fast group treatment may be simplified P(3), and the thermal neutrons may be represented by a single group or a pair of overlapping groups. Adjoint, fixed source, one iteration, additive fixed source, eigenvalue, and boundary value calculations may be performed. The HARMONY system is used for cross section variation and generalized depletion chain solutions.more » The depletion is a combination gross block depletion for all nuclides as well as a fine block depletion for a specified subset of the nuclides. The geometries available include rectangular, cylindrical, spherical, hexagonal, and a very general quadrilateral geometry with diagonal interfaces. All geometries allow variable mesh in all dimensions. Various control searches as well as temperature and xenon feedbacks are provided. The synthesis spatial solution time is dependent on the number of trial functions used and the number of gross blocks. The PDQ-8 program is used at Bettis on a production basis for solving diffusion--depletion problems. The report describes the various features of the program and then separately describes the input required to utilize these features.« less

Improving cryogenic deuterium–tritium implosion performance on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sangster, T. C.; Goncharov, V. N.; Betti, R.

2013-05-15

A flexible direct-drive target platform is used to implode cryogenic deuterium–tritium (DT) capsules on the OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. The goal of these experiments is to demonstrate ignition hydrodynamically equivalent performance where the laser drive intensity, the implosion velocity, the fuel adiabat, and the in-flight aspect ratio (IFAR) are the same as those for a 1.5-MJ target [Goncharov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 165001 (2010)] designed to ignite on the National Ignition Facility [Hogan et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 567 (2001)]. The results from a series of 29 cryogenic DT implosions are presented.more » The implosions were designed to span a broad region of design space to study target performance as a function of shell stability (adiabat) and implosion velocity. Ablation-front perturbation growth appears to limit target performance at high implosion velocities. Target outer-surface defects associated with contaminant gases in the DT fuel are identified as the dominant perturbation source at the ablation surface; performance degradation is confirmed by 2D hydrodynamic simulations that include these defects. A trend in the value of the Lawson criterion [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] for each of the implosions in adiabat–IFAR space suggests the existence of a stability boundary that leads to ablator mixing into the hot spot for the most ignition-equivalent designs.« less

Improving cryogenic deuterium tritium implosion performance on OMEGA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sangster, T. C.; Goncharov, V. N.; Betti, R.

2013-01-01

A flexible direct-drive target platform is used to implode cryogenic deuterium–tritium (DT) capsules on the OMEGA laser [Boehly et al., Opt. Commun. 133, 495 (1997)]. The goal of these experiments is to demonstrate ignition hydrodynamically equivalent performance where the laser drive intensity, the implosion velocity, the fuel adiabat, and the in-flight aspect ratio (IFAR) are the same as those for a 1.5-MJ target [Goncharov et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 104, 165001 (2010)] designed to ignite on the National Ignition Facility [Hogan et al., Nucl. Fusion 41, 567 (2001)]. The results from a series of 29 cryogenic DT implosions are presented.more » The implosions were designed to span a broad region of design space to study target performance as a function of shell stability (adiabat) and implosion velocity. Ablation-front perturbation growth appears to limit target performance at high implosion velocities. Target outer-surface defects associated with contaminant gases in the DT fuel are identified as the dominant perturbation source at the ablation surface; performance degradation is confirmed by 2D hydrodynamic simulations that include these defects. A trend in the value of the Lawson criterion [Betti et al., Phys. Plasmas 17, 058102 (2010)] for each of the implosions in adiabat–IFAR space suggests the existence of a stability boundary that leads to ablator mixing into the hot spot for the most ignition-equivalent designs.« less

Re-examining the effect of low and intermediate mode number perturbations on Ignition Metrics Scaling Laws

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malka, Elad; Shvarts, Dov

2017-10-01

We re-examine the way 2/3D effects on scaling laws for ignition metrics, such as the generalized Lawson Criterion (GLC) and the Ignition Threshold Factor (ITF). These scaling laws were derived for 1D symmetrical case and 2/3D perturbations [Hann et al. PoP 2010; Lindl et al., PoP 2014; Betti et al., PoP 2010]. The main cause for the difference between the 1D and the 2/3D scaling laws in those works, is heat conduction losses from the hot-spot bubbles to the cold shell [Kishony and Shvarts, PoP 2001]. This ``dry out'' of the bubbles is the dominant mechanism for intermediate mode number perturbations (6

The Motivic Cofiber of tau and Exotic Periodicities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gheorghe, Bogdan

Consider the Tate twist tau epsilon H0,1 (S0,0) in the mod 2 cohomology of the motivic sphere. After 2-completion, the motivic Adams spectral sequence realizes this element as a map tau : S0,-1 → S0,0 . This thesis begins with the study of its cofiber, that we denote by Ctau. We first show that this motivic 2-cell complex can be endowed with a unique Einfinity ring structure. This promotes the known isomorphism pi *,* Ctau ≅ Ext *,* BP*BP (BP*, BP* ) to an isomorphism of rings which also preserves higher products. This structure allows us to consider its closed symmetric monoidal category of modules (Ctau Mod, - ∧Ctau -), which happens to live in the kernel of Betti realization. This category has surprising applications, and moreover contains many interesting motivic spectra. In particular, we construct exotic motivic fields K( wn), detecting motivic wn-periodicity. This theory of motivic wn-periodicity can be roughly seen as perpendicular to the vn-periodicity story, detected by the motivic Morava K-theories K( n). Finally, we also explain why the category Ctau Mod is so computable. The above isomor phism comes in a more structured version. In work that is joint with Zhouli Xu and Guozhen Wang, we show that there is an equivalence of infinity-categories Db ( MGL *,* MGL Comodev) ≅ → Ctau Cellcomp between an algebraic derived category, and the subcategory Ctau Cellcomp of cellular Ctau- modules that are complete with respect to a version of the algebraic cobordism spectrum MGL.

Effect of Bromouracil-containing Deoxyribonucleic Acid on Bacillus subtilis

PubMed Central

Gimlin, Dixie M.; Hardman, Sue D.; Kelley, Betty N.; Butler, Grace C.; Leach, Franklin R.

1966-01-01

Gimlin, Dixie M. (Oklahoma State University, Stillwater), Sue D. Hardman, Betty N. Kelley, Grace C. Butler, and Franklin R. Leach. Effect of bromouracil-containing deoxyribonucleic acid on Bacillus subtilis. J. Bacteriol. 92:366–374. 1966.—Replacement of one-half of the thymine with bromouracil in Bacillus subtilis transforming deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) resulted in a slight decrease in transforming activity, but, when used at high concentrations, this DNA preparation inhibited cell growth. Acid-hydrolyzed DNA, or addition of equivalent concentrations of the free base bromouracil in a transforming mixture, was without effect on cell growth. Treatment of the DNA preparation with deoxyribonuclease completely destroyed transforming activity and killing effect, whereas treatments with ribonuclease and trypsin were without effect on either transformation or killing activity. Growth of competent B. subtilis cells in test tubes was inhibited by high concentrations of both normal and bromouracil-containing DNA, with the bromouracil-containing DNA being significantly more inhibitory. This type of inhibition was also reflected in the time of division of the cells. The inhibitory effect was not due to viscosity, or to mutagenicity. The time course of killing paralleled transformation, and competency was required. These results can be interpreted as being due to uptake of homologous but imperfect DNA (containing bromouracil instead of thymine) by means of the systems involved in transformation, followed by either integration (resulting in lethal transformation, activation of a defective, nonlytic but lethal prophage) or interference with the recombination mechanism. PMID:16562122

Interview with Amr H Sawalha: epigenetics and autoimmunity.

PubMed

Sawalha, Amr H

2017-04-01

Amr H Sawalha is Professor of Internal Medicine and Marvin and Betty Danto Research Professor of Connective Tissue Research at the University of Michigan, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Rheumatology. He also holds faculty appointments at the Center for Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics and the Graduate Program in Immunology at the University of Michigan. He was recently appointed as Guest Professor at Central South University in Changsha, China. He received his medical degree from Jordan University of Science and Technology and completed his residency training in internal medicine at the University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, and his fellowship in rheumatology at the University of Michigan. His research focus is the genetics and epigenetics of complex autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, including lupus and systemic vasculitis. He has authored over 100 peer-reviewed manuscripts, book chapters and review articles, and is on the editorial board of several journals in his field. He has been elected as a member of the American Society for Clinical Investigation, and has received numerous awards, including the Edmund L Dubois, MD, Memorial Lectureship Award from the American College of Rheumatology in recognition for his work in lupus. He is Chair of the Lupus Foundation of America research subcommittee and is a member of the Vasculitis Foundation Medical and Scientific Advisory Board. He also provides clinical care and teaching in the rheumatology outpatient and inpatient services, and he is the director of the NIH-funded rheumatology training grant at the University of Michigan.

Orbital monitoring of the Brazilian pasturelands: patterns, trends and potential ecosystem services

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferreira, L. G.; Parente, L. L.; Arantes, A. E.; Araujo, F. M.; Brito, J. S.; Nogueira, S.; Faria, A. S.; Santos, A.; Ferreira, M. E.; Silva, J. R.; Rufino, L., Jr.; Vieira, P.; Silva, W. C.; Stefani, F.; Veloso, G.; Nogueira, L.; Aguado, O. O.

2015-12-01

In Brazil, where cultivated pastures constitute the dominant land use form, cattle ranching intensification plays a major role towards more environmentally sustainable agricultural practices, through its potential for mitigating GHG emissions, as well as by making available cost-effective land reserve for other uses. However, environmentally sustainable livestock intensification, one of the key goals pursued by Plano ABC (the federal government low carbon agriculture plan), strongly depends on our ability to more precisely identify pasture conditions, improvement needs, and the respective cattle support capacities. To this end, and with the support of the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, we have concentrated efforts in order to have: 1) a more detailed and updated map of the brazilian pasturelands; 2) a thorough biophysical differentiation of these pastures according to degradation stages / forage levels; and 3) an estimation of overall pasture productivity trends. Our initial estimates, based on the interpretation of satellite and census data, suggest that as much as 50% of the total grazing area in Brazil (about 170 Mhectares) are moderately or severely affected by soil-plant degradation. On the other hand, our preliminary results also corroborate the enormous potential of well managed pastures to positively impact carbon and water fluxes. Based on satellite data and pasture samples from large and productive cattle ranch operations in the central savanna biome in Brazil (Cerrado), we estimated total growing season (October to April) biomass and evapotranspiration to correspond to 9 Gt of carbon and 420 Gt of water, respectively.

A survey of Existing V&V, UQ and M&S Data and Knowledge Bases in Support of the Nuclear Energy - Knowledge base for Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NE-KAMS)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hyung Lee; Rich Johnson, Ph.D.; Kimberlyn C. Moussesau

2011-12-01

The Nuclear Energy - Knowledge base for Advanced Modeling and Simulation (NE-KAMS) is being developed at the Idaho National Laboratory in conjunction with Bettis Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Argonne National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Utah State University and others. The objective of this consortium is to establish a comprehensive knowledge base to provide Verification and Validation (V&V) and Uncertainty Quantification (UQ) and other resources for advanced modeling and simulation (M&S) in nuclear reactor design and analysis. NE-KAMS will become a valuable resource for the nuclear industry, the national laboratories, the U.S. NRC and the public to help ensure themore » safe operation of existing and future nuclear reactors. A survey and evaluation of the state-of-the-art of existing V&V and M&S databases, including the Department of Energy and commercial databases, has been performed to ensure that the NE-KAMS effort will not be duplicating existing resources and capabilities and to assess the scope of the effort required to develop and implement NE-KAMS. The survey and evaluation have indeed highlighted the unique set of value-added functionality and services that NE-KAMS will provide to its users. Additionally, the survey has helped develop a better understanding of the architecture and functionality of these data and knowledge bases that can be used to leverage the development of NE-KAMS.« less

Central Limit Theorem for Exponentially Quasi-local Statistics of Spin Models on Cayley Graphs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reddy, Tulasi Ram; Vadlamani, Sreekar; Yogeshwaran, D.

2018-04-01

Central limit theorems for linear statistics of lattice random fields (including spin models) are usually proven under suitable mixing conditions or quasi-associativity. Many interesting examples of spin models do not satisfy mixing conditions, and on the other hand, it does not seem easy to show central limit theorem for local statistics via quasi-associativity. In this work, we prove general central limit theorems for local statistics and exponentially quasi-local statistics of spin models on discrete Cayley graphs with polynomial growth. Further, we supplement these results by proving similar central limit theorems for random fields on discrete Cayley graphs taking values in a countable space, but under the stronger assumptions of α -mixing (for local statistics) and exponential α -mixing (for exponentially quasi-local statistics). All our central limit theorems assume a suitable variance lower bound like many others in the literature. We illustrate our general central limit theorem with specific examples of lattice spin models and statistics arising in computational topology, statistical physics and random networks. Examples of clustering spin models include quasi-associated spin models with fast decaying covariances like the off-critical Ising model, level sets of Gaussian random fields with fast decaying covariances like the massive Gaussian free field and determinantal point processes with fast decaying kernels. Examples of local statistics include intrinsic volumes, face counts, component counts of random cubical complexes while exponentially quasi-local statistics include nearest neighbour distances in spin models and Betti numbers of sub-critical random cubical complexes.

SeaHawk: an advanced CubeSat mission for sustained ocean colour monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morrison, John M.; Jeffrey, Hazel; Gorter, Hessel; Anderson, Pamela; Clark, Craig; Holmes, Alan; Feldman, Gene C.; Patt, Frederick S.

2016-10-01

Sustained ocean color monitoring is vital to understanding the marine ecosystem. It has been identified as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and is a vital parameter in understanding long-term climate change. Furthermore, observations can be beneficial in observing oil spills, harmful algal blooms and the health of fisheries. Space-based remote sensing, through MERIS, SeaWiFS and MODIS instruments, have provided a means of observing the vast area covered by the ocean which would otherwise be impossible using ships alone. However, the large pixel size makes measurements of lakes, rivers, estuaries and coastal zones difficult. Furthermore, retirement of a number of widely used and relied upon ocean observation instruments, particularly MERIS and SeaWiFS, leaves a significant gap in ocean color observation opportunities This paper presents an overview of the SeaHawk mission, a collaborative effort between Clyde Space Ltd., the University of North Carolina Wilmington, Cloudland Instruments, and Goddard Spaceflight Center, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The goal of the project is to enhance the ability to observe ocean color in high temporal and spatial resolution through use of a low-cost, next-generation ocean color sensor flown aboard a CubeSat. The final product will be 530 times smaller (0.0034 vs 1.81m3) and 115 time less massive (3.4 vs 390.0kg) but with a ground resolution 10 times better whilst maintaining a signal/noise ratio 50% that of SeaWiFs. This paper will describe the objectives of the mission, outline the payload specification and the spacecraft platform to support it.

Seahawk: An Advanced Cubesat Mission for Sustained Ocean Color Monitoring

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Morrison, John M.; Jeffrey, Hazel; Gorter, Hessel; Anderson, Pamela; Clark, Craig; Holmes, Alan; Feldman, Gene C.; Pratt, Frederick S.

2016-01-01

Sustained ocean color monitoring is vital to understanding the marine ecosystem. It has been identified as an Essential Climate Variable (ECV) and is a vital parameter in understanding long-term climate change. Furthermore, observations can be beneficial in observing oil spills, harmful algal blooms and the health of fisheries. Space-based remote sensing, through MERIS, SeaWiFS and MODIS instruments, have provided a means of observing the vast area covered by the ocean which would otherwise be impossible using ships alone. However, the large pixel size makes measurements of lakes, rivers, estuaries and coastal zones difficult. Furthermore, retirement of a number of widely used and relied upon ocean observation instruments, particularly MERIS and SeaWiFS, leaves a significant gap in ocean color observation opportunities. This paper presents an overview of the SeaHawk mission, a collaborative effort between Clyde Space Ltd., the University of North Carolina Wilmington, Cloudland Instruments, and Goddard Spaceflight Center, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation. The goal of the project is to enhance the ability to observe ocean color in high temporal and spatial resolution through use of a low-cost, next-generation ocean color sensor flown aboard a CubeSat. The final product will be 530 times smaller (0.0034 vs 1.81cu m) and 115 time less massive (3.4 vs 390.0 kg) but with a ground resolution 10 times better whilst maintaining a signal/noise ratio 50 that of SeaWiFs. This paper will describe the objectives of the mission, outline the payload specification and the spacecraft platform to support it.

Carleton College Geology Department: Seventy Years of Planning for Change

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Savina, M. E.; Davidson, C.

2003-12-01

On the back of a fire door leading to the Carleton geology lounge and classroom, students have painted a geologic time scale representing the history of the geology department from its establishment in 1933 to its present configuration. Along the way, Laurence McKinley Gould, George Gibson, Duncan Stewart VII, Leonard Wilson, Eiler Henrickson, Ed Buchwald, Shelby Boardman, Mary Savina, David Bice, Clem Shearer, Bereket Haileab, Clint Cowan, Cam Davidson, Jenn Macalady and a host of other faculty have contributed to an excellent undergraduate program. Features that have maintained the strength of the program over the years include: Outstanding support staff (Betty Bray and Tim Vick); Weekly department meetings that include discussion of department goals and pedagogy, including attention to giving students the tools to complete the major and capstone project; Regular department retreats that allow more comprehensive discussion; Encouraging different teaching styles among the faculty; A curriculum that emphasizes active learning from day one in introductory geology through the senior capstone experience; Involving students in the department, from planning field trips to hiring to TAs; Increasing student role models by having sophomore, junior and senior majors in most courses; Emphasizing the liberal arts character of geology, rather than pre-professional; Bringing alumni back to campus on a regular basis; Publishing an annual alumni newsletter and maintaining a department web site; Creating a social and intellectual space within the department for students and faculty; Making a particular effort to be welcoming and affirming to people of all colors, ethnicities, affectional orientations and gender identities;

Status of a Novel 4-Band Submm/mm Camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noroozian, Omid; Day, P.; Glenn, J.; Golwala, S.; Kumar, S.; LeDuc, H. G.; Mazin, B.; Nguyen, H. T.; Schlaerth, J.; Vaillancourt, J. E.; Vayonakis, A.; Zmuidzinas, J.

2007-12-01

Submillimeter observations are important to the understanding of galaxy formation and evolution. Determination of the spectral energy distribution in the millimeter and submillimeter regimes allows important and powerful diagnostics. To this end, we are undertaking the construction of a 4-band (750, 850, 1100, 1300 microns) 8-arcminute field of view camera for the Caltech Submillimeter Observatory. The focal plane will make use of three novel technologies: photolithographic phased array antennae, on-chip band-pass filters, and microwave kinetic inductance detectors (MKID). The phased array antenna design obviates beam-defining feed horns. On-chip band-pass filters eliminate band-defining metal-mesh filters. Together, the antennae and filters enable each spatial pixel to observe in all four bands simultaneously. MKIDs are highly multiplexable background-limited photon detectors. Readout of the MKID array will be done with software-defined radio (See poster by Max-Moerbeck et al.). This camera will provide an order-of-magnitude larger mapping speed than existing instruments and will be comparable to SCUBA 2 in terms of the detection rate for dusty sources, but complementary to SCUBA 2 in terms of wavelength coverage. We present results from an engineering run with a demonstration array, the baseline design for the science array, and the status of instrument design, construction, and testing. We anticipate the camera will be available at the CSO in 2010. This work has been supported by NASA ROSES APRA grants NNG06GG16G and NNG06GC71G, the NASA JPL Research and Technology Development Program, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Single-shot measurements of low emittance beams from laser-plasma accelerators comparing two triggered injection methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Tilborg, Jeroen

2017-10-01

The success of laser plasma accelerator (LPA) based applications, such as a compact x-ray free electron laser (FEL), relies on the ability to produce electron beams with excellent 6D brightness, where brightness is defined as the ratio of charge to the product of the three normalized emittances. As such, parametric studies of the emittance of LPA generated electron beams are essential. Profiting from a stable and tunable LPA setup, combined with a carefully designed single-shot energy-dispersed emittance diagnostic, we present a direct comparison of charge dependent emittance measurements of electron beams generated by two different injection mechanisms: ionization injection and shock-induced density down-ramp injection. Both injection mechanisms have gained in popularity in recent years due to their demonstrated stable LPA performance. For the down-ramp injection configuration, normalized emittances a factor of two lower were recorded: less than 1 micron at spectral charge densities up to 2 pC/MeV. For both injection mechanisms, a contributing correlation of space charge to the emittance was identified. This measurement technique in general, and these results specifically, are critical to the evaluation of LPA injection methods and development of high-quality LPA beam lines worldwide. This work is supported by the U.S. DOE under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231, by the U.S. DOE NNSA, DNN R&D (NA22), by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. PHY-1415596, and by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation under Grant ID GBMF4898.

Accountability for the Quality of Care Provided to People with Serious Illness

PubMed Central

Hudson Scholle, Sarah; Briefer French, Jessica

2018-01-01

Abstract Background: Care for patients with serious illness is an emerging practice area that has gained attention as value-based purchasing has increased. While the number of programs is growing, their impact on care quality and outcomes is unknown. Objective: With support from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the National Committee for Quality Assurance (NCQA) is assessing the feasibility of creating an accountability program focused on serious illness care. Methods: This article describes the process of developing an accountability program, findings from our initial work, and our plans to develop measures for a serious illness care accountability program. We focused on three questions: 1. What patient populations should be targeted for measurement?2. What entities have accountability for ensuring high-quality care for serious illness?3. What structures, processes, and outcomes should be evaluated in an accountability program for serious illness care? Results: Our environmental scan showed that the evidence base for specific patient populations or care models is not sufficiently mature to justify traditional structure and process measures. In visits to serious illness care programs, we observed different staffing models, care models, care settings, and payment structures. We found a gap between recommended inclusion criteria and services when compared to inclusion criteria and services offered by existing programs. Conclusions: To address the challenges, NCQA intends to develop outcome measures driven by patient and family priorities. Structure and process measures will focus on building organizations' capacity to measure outcomes, including patient engagement and outcomes, linked to patient goals. PMID:29313755

Obituary: James N. Kile, 1958-2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cliver, Edward W.; Lang, Kenneth R.; Willson, Robert F.

2009-01-01

James N. Kile, of Needham Heights, Massachusetts, died on 17 August 2007, following a brave two-year battle with cancer. One of three children of David R. Kile and Betty Jane Kile, Jim was born in Niagara Falls, New York, on 20 April 1958 and lived in the nearby village of Lewiston before his family settled in Alden, an hour east of Niagara Falls, when Jim was nine. Jim's father worked for American Telephone and Telegraph for 37 years, and his mother was a homemaker. Jim earned his Bachelor's degree in Physics from Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute in 1980, a Master's degree from Northwestern University in 1982, and a Doctorate from Tufts University in 1996 under the direction of Robert Willson. His thesis involved comparison of radio data from the Very Large Array and the Russian RATAN 600 telescope with Yohkoh soft X-ray data, with an emphasis on understanding the relationship between solar noise storms and coronal magnetic fields. While working on his thesis, Jim collaborated with one of us (EWC) at the Air Force Research Laboratory on an investigation of the 154-day periodicity in solar flares. The resulting publication (ApJ 370, 442, 1991) is his most cited work. Jim co-authored four other papers in refereed journals. Jim's professional affiliations included the American Astronomical Society, the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, the American Geophysical Union, and the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. Jim worked as a contractor in the defense industry from 1982 until the time of his death, settling in the Boston area in the early 1980s. He worked for Calspan Corporation from 1982-1989, the Ultra Corporation from 1989-1994, and the Riverside Research Institute from 1994-2007. He was a highly-respected expert in radar systems, including radar data and systems analysis, systems engineering, and planning support for radar acquisition programs and technology development. The work entailed frequent extended travel to Norway for system testing. During the summer of 1997 Jim was an instructor for introductory physics laboratories at Simmons College, and in 2002 he developed and taught a synthetic aperture radar measurement and signature intelligence course for the Air Force Institute of Technology in Dayton, Ohio, where he was appointed Adjunct Assistant Professor of Physics in the Department of Engineering Physics, a position he held until 2005. On the local level, Jim assisted in astronomy education projects, such as nighttime telescope viewing, in the Needham public schools and stargazing/astronomy courses at several Massachusetts Audubon wildlife sanctuaries. Jim met the love of his life in the mid-1980s, and he and Elaine were married within the year, on 19 October 1985. They shared a passion for birding and a love for nature witnessed up close when hiking, kayaking, snowshoeing, and cross-country skiing. Jim had a wide range of interests. He was an accomplished folk musician, playing the guitar and ukulele. He was a devoted "Trekkie" who could quote every line from early Star Trek episodes and was a life member of the American Radio Relay League [ARRL]. Jim had the warm and open personality characteristic of those raised in the snow-belt. He was always good company. His courage as he was dying, much too soon, was a great source of strength for his family. Jim is survived by his wife Elaine C. (Smith) Kile, his father David R. Kile, his sister Diane Kile and her husband David Galson, his brother David M. Kile and his wife Susan Kile, and four nephews, one niece, and a great niece and nephew. He was predeceased by his mother Betty Jane Kile.

An examination of the concept of driving point receptance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sheng, X.; He, Y.; Zhong, T.

2018-04-01

In the field of vibration, driving point receptance is a well-established and widely applied concept. However, as demonstrated in this paper, when a driving point receptance is calculated using the finite element (FE) method with solid elements, it does not converge as the FE mesh becomes finer, suggesting that there is a singularity. Hence, the concept of driving point receptance deserves a rigorous examination. In this paper, it is firstly shown that, for a point harmonic force applied on the surface of an elastic half-space, the Boussinesq formula can be applied to calculate the displacement amplitude of the surface if the response point is sufficiently close to the load. Secondly, by applying the Betti reciprocal theorem, it is shown that the displacement of an elastic body near a point harmonic force can be decomposed into two parts, with the first one being the displacement of an elastic half-space. This decomposition is useful, since it provides a solid basis for the introduction of a contact spring between a wheel and a rail in interaction. However, according to the Boussinesq formula, this decomposition also leads to the conclusion that a driving point receptance is infinite (singular), and would be undefinable. Nevertheless, driving point receptances have been calculated using different methods. Since the singularity identified in this paper was not appreciated, no account was given to the singularity in these calculations. Thus, the validity of these calculation methods must be examined. This constructs the third part of the paper. As the final development of the paper, the above decomposition is utilised to define and determine driving point receptances required for dealing with wheel/rail interactions.

DataUp: A tool to help researchers describe and share tabular data.

PubMed

Strasser, Carly; Kunze, John; Abrams, Stephen; Cruse, Patricia

2014-01-01

Scientific datasets have immeasurable value, but they lose their value over time without proper documentation, long-term storage, and easy discovery and access. Across disciplines as diverse as astronomy, demography, archeology, and ecology, large numbers of small heterogeneous datasets (i.e., the long tail of data) are especially at risk unless they are properly documented, saved, and shared. One unifying factor for many of these at-risk datasets is that they reside in spreadsheets. In response to this need, the California Digital Library (CDL) partnered with Microsoft Research Connections and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to create the DataUp data management tool for Microsoft Excel. Many researchers creating these small, heterogeneous datasets use Excel at some point in their data collection and analysis workflow, so we were interested in developing a data management tool that fits easily into those work flows and minimizes the learning curve for researchers. The DataUp project began in August 2011. We first formally assessed the needs of researchers by conducting surveys and interviews of our target research groups: earth, environmental, and ecological scientists. We found that, on average, researchers had very poor data management practices, were not aware of data centers or metadata standards, and did not understand the benefits of data management or sharing. Based on our survey results, we composed a list of desirable components and requirements and solicited feedback from the community to prioritize potential features of the DataUp tool. These requirements were then relayed to the software developers, and DataUp was successfully launched in October 2012.

DataUp: A tool to help researchers describe and share tabular data

PubMed Central

Strasser, Carly; Kunze, John; Abrams, Stephen; Cruse, Patricia

2014-01-01

Scientific datasets have immeasurable value, but they lose their value over time without proper documentation, long-term storage, and easy discovery and access. Across disciplines as diverse as astronomy, demography, archeology, and ecology, large numbers of small heterogeneous datasets (i.e., the long tail of data) are especially at risk unless they are properly documented, saved, and shared. One unifying factor for many of these at-risk datasets is that they reside in spreadsheets. In response to this need, the California Digital Library (CDL) partnered with Microsoft Research Connections and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation to create the DataUp data management tool for Microsoft Excel. Many researchers creating these small, heterogeneous datasets use Excel at some point in their data collection and analysis workflow, so we were interested in developing a data management tool that fits easily into those work flows and minimizes the learning curve for researchers. The DataUp project began in August 2011. We first formally assessed the needs of researchers by conducting surveys and interviews of our target research groups: earth, environmental, and ecological scientists. We found that, on average, researchers had very poor data management practices, were not aware of data centers or metadata standards, and did not understand the benefits of data management or sharing. Based on our survey results, we composed a list of desirable components and requirements and solicited feedback from the community to prioritize potential features of the DataUp tool. These requirements were then relayed to the software developers, and DataUp was successfully launched in October 2012. PMID:25653834

Integrated Fast-Ignition Core-Heating Experiments on OMEGA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Theobald, W.

2010-11-01

Integrated fast-ignition core-heating experiments are carried out at the Omega Laser Facility. Plastic (CD) shell targets with a re-entrant gold cone are compressed with a ˜20-kJ, UV low-adiabat laser pulse. A 1-kJ, 10-ps pulse from OMEGA EP generates fast electrons in the hollow cone that are transported into the compressed core. The experiments demonstrate a significant enhancement of the neutron yield. The neutron-yield enhancement caused by the high-intensity pulse is 1.5 x 10^7, which is more than 150% of the implosion yield. For the first time, measurements of the breakout time of the compression-induced shock wave through the cone were performed for the same targets as used in the integrated experiments. The shock breakout was measured to be ˜100 ps after peak neutron production. The experiments demonstrate that the cone tip is intact at the time when the short-pulse laser interacts with the cone. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement Nos. DE-FC52-08NA28302, DE-FC02-04ER54789, and DE-FG02-05ER54839. [4pt] In collaboration with A. A. Solodov, K. S. Anderson, R. Betti (LLE/FSC); C. Stoeckl, T.R. Boehly, R.S. Craxton, J.A. Delettrez, V.Yu. Glebov, J.P. Knauer, F.J. Marshall, K.L. Marshall, D.D. Meyerhofer,^ P.M. Nilson, T.C. Sangster, W. Seka (LLE); F.N. Beg (UCSD), H. Habara (ILE), P.K. Patel (LLNL), R.B. Stephens (GA); J.A. Frenje, N. Sinenian (PSFC/MIT).

Hidden landscapes in thin film topological insulators: between order and disorder, 2D and 3D, normal and topological phases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Oh, Seongshik

Topological insulator (TI) is one of the rare systems in the history of condensed matter physics that is initiated by theories and followed by experiments. Although this theory-driven advance helped move the field quite fast despite its short history, apparently there exist significant gaps between theories and experiments. Many of these discrepancies originate from the very fact that the worlds readily accessible to theories are often far from the real worlds that are available in experiments. For example, the very paradigm of topological protection of the surface states on Z2 TIs such as Bi2Se3, Bi2Te3, Sb2Te3, etc, is in fact valid only if the sample size is infinite and the crystal momentum is well-defined in all three dimensions. On the other hand, many widely studied forms of TIs such as thin films and nano-wires have significant confinement in one or more of the dimensions with varying level of disorders. In other words, many of the real world topological systems have some important parameters that are not readily captured by theories, and thus it is often questionable how far the topological theories are valid to real systems. Interestingly, it turns out that this very uncertainty of the theories provides additional control knobs that allow us to explore hidden topological territories. In this talk, I will discuss how these additional knobs in thin film topological insulators reveal surprising, at times beautiful, landscapes at the boundaries between order and disorder, 2D and 3D, normal and topological phases. This work is supported by Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative (GBMF4418).

Intelligent feature selection techniques for pattern classification of Lamb wave signals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hinders, Mark K.; Miller, Corey A.

2014-02-18

Lamb wave interaction with flaws is a complex, three-dimensional phenomenon, which often frustrates signal interpretation schemes based on mode arrival time shifts predicted by dispersion curves. As the flaw severity increases, scattering and mode conversion effects will often dominate the time-domain signals, obscuring available information about flaws because multiple modes may arrive on top of each other. Even for idealized flaw geometries the scattering and mode conversion behavior of Lamb waves is very complex. Here, multi-mode Lamb waves in a metal plate are propagated across a rectangular flat-bottom hole in a sequence of pitch-catch measurements corresponding to the double crossholemore » tomography geometry. The flaw is sequentially deepened, with the Lamb wave measurements repeated at each flaw depth. Lamb wave tomography reconstructions are used to identify which waveforms have interacted with the flaw and thereby carry information about its depth. Multiple features are extracted from each of the Lamb wave signals using wavelets, which are then fed to statistical pattern classification algorithms that identify flaw severity. In order to achieve the highest classification accuracy, an optimal feature space is required but it’s never known a priori which features are going to be best. For structural health monitoring we make use of the fact that physical flaws, such as corrosion, will only increase over time. This allows us to identify feature vectors which are topologically well-behaved by requiring that sequential classes “line up” in feature vector space. An intelligent feature selection routine is illustrated that identifies favorable class distributions in multi-dimensional feature spaces using computational homology theory. Betti numbers and formal classification accuracies are calculated for each feature space subset to establish a correlation between the topology of the class distribution and the corresponding classification accuracy.« less

Open Source Dataturbine (OSDT) Android Sensorpod in Environmental Observing Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fountain, T. R.; Shin, P.; Tilak, S.; Trinh, T.; Smith, J.; Kram, S.

2014-12-01

The OSDT Android SensorPod is a custom-designed mobile computing platform for assembling wireless sensor networks for environmental monitoring applications. Funded by an award from the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, the OSDT SensorPod represents a significant technological advance in the application of mobile and cloud computing technologies to near-real-time applications in environmental science, natural resources management, and disaster response and recovery. It provides a modular architecture based on open standards and open-source software that allows system developers to align their projects with industry best practices and technology trends, while avoiding commercial vendor lock-in to expensive proprietary software and hardware systems. The integration of mobile and cloud-computing infrastructure represents a disruptive technology in the field of environmental science, since basic assumptions about technology requirements are now open to revision, e.g., the roles of special purpose data loggers and dedicated site infrastructure. The OSDT Android SensorPod was designed with these considerations in mind, and the resulting system exhibits the following characteristics - it is flexible, efficient and robust. The system was developed and tested in the three science applications: 1) a fresh water limnology deployment in Wisconsin, 2) a near coastal marine science deployment at the UCSD Scripps Pier, and 3) a terrestrial ecological deployment in the mountains of Taiwan. As part of a public education and outreach effort, a Facebook page with daily ocean pH measurements from the UCSD Scripps pier was developed. Wireless sensor networks and the virtualization of data and network services is the future of environmental science infrastructure. The OSDT Android SensorPod was designed and developed to harness these new technology developments for environmental monitoring applications.

Providing competency-based family medicine residency training in substance abuse in the new millennium: a model curriculum.

PubMed

Seale, J Paul; Shellenberger, Sylvia; Clark, Denice Crowe

2010-05-11

This article, developed for the Betty Ford Institute Consensus Conference on Graduate Medical Education (December, 2008), presents a model curriculum for Family Medicine residency training in substance abuse. The authors reviewed reports of past Family Medicine curriculum development efforts, previously-identified barriers to education in high risk substance use, approaches to overcoming these barriers, and current training guidelines of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) and their Family Medicine Residency Review Committee. A proposed eight-module curriculum was developed, based on substance abuse competencies defined by Project MAINSTREAM and linked to core competencies defined by the ACGME. The curriculum provides basic training in high risk substance use to all residents, while also addressing current training challenges presented by U.S. work hour regulations, increasing international diversity of Family Medicine resident trainees, and emerging new primary care practice models. This paper offers a core curriculum, focused on screening, brief intervention and referral to treatment, which can be adapted by residency programs to meet their individual needs. The curriculum encourages direct observation of residents to ensure that core skills are learned and trains residents with several "new skills" that will expand the basket of substance abuse services they will be equipped to provide as they enter practice. Broad-based implementation of a comprehensive Family Medicine residency curriculum should increase the ability of family physicians to provide basic substance abuse services in a primary care context. Such efforts should be coupled with faculty development initiatives which ensure that sufficient trained faculty are available to teach these concepts and with efforts by major Family Medicine organizations to implement and enforce residency requirements for substance abuse training.

Conserved Kv4 N-terminal domain critical for effects of Kv channel-interacting protein 2.2 on channel expression and gating.

PubMed

Bähring, R; Dannenberg, J; Peters, H C; Leicher, T; Pongs, O; Isbrandt, D

2001-06-29

Association of Kv channel-interacting proteins (KChIPs) with Kv4 channels leads to modulation of these A-type potassium channels (An, W. F., Bowlby, M. R., Betty, M., Cao, J., Ling, H. P., Mendoza, G., Hinson, J. W., Mattsson, K. I., Strassle, B. W., Trimmer, J. S., and Rhodes, K. J. (2000) Nature 403, 553-556). We cloned a KChIP2 splice variant (KChIP2.2) from human ventricle. In comparison with KChIP2.1, coexpression of KChIP2.2 with human Kv4 channels in mammalian cells slowed the onset of Kv4 current inactivation (2-3-fold), accelerated the recovery from inactivation (5-7-fold), and shifted Kv4 steady-state inactivation curves by 8-29 mV to more positive potentials. The features of Kv4.2/KChIP2.2 currents closely resemble those of cardiac rapidly inactivating transient outward currents. KChIP2.2 stimulated the Kv4 current density in Chinese hamster ovary cells by approximately 55-fold. This correlated with a redistribution of immunoreactivity from perinuclear areas to the plasma membrane. Increased Kv4 cell-surface expression and current density were also obtained in the absence of KChIP2.2 when the highly conserved proximal Kv4 N terminus was deleted. The same domain is required for association of KChIP2.2 with Kv4 alpha-subunits. We propose that an efficient transport of Kv4 channels to the cell surface depends on KChIP binding to the Kv4 N-terminal domain. Our data suggest that the binding is necessary, but not sufficient, for the functional activity of KChIPs.

The persistent cosmic web and its filamentary structure - I. Theory and implementation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sousbie, T.

2011-06-01

We present DisPerSE, a novel approach to the coherent multiscale identification of all types of astrophysical structures, in particular the filaments, in the large-scale distribution of the matter in the Universe. This method and the corresponding piece of software allows for a genuinely scale-free and parameter-free identification of the voids, walls, filaments, clusters and their configuration within the cosmic web, directly from the discrete distribution of particles in N-body simulations or galaxies in sparse observational catalogues. To achieve that goal, the method works directly over the Delaunay tessellation of the discrete sample and uses the Delaunay tessellation field estimator density computed at each tracer particle; no further sampling, smoothing or processing of the density field is required. The idea is based on recent advances in distinct subdomains of the computational topology, namely the discrete Morse theory which allows for a rigorous application of topological principles to astrophysical data sets, and the theory of persistence, which allows us to consistently account for the intrinsic uncertainty and Poisson noise within data sets. Practically, the user can define a given persistence level in terms of robustness with respect to noise (defined as a 'number of σ') and the algorithm returns the structures with the corresponding significance as sets of critical points, lines, surfaces and volumes corresponding to the clusters, filaments, walls and voids - filaments, connected at cluster nodes, crawling along the edges of walls bounding the voids. From a geometrical point of view, the method is also interesting as it allows for a robust quantification of the topological properties of a discrete distribution in terms of Betti numbers or Euler characteristics, without having to resort to smoothing or having to define a particular scale. In this paper, we introduce the necessary mathematical background and describe the method and implementation, while we address the application to 3D simulated and observed data sets in the companion paper (Sousbie, Pichon & Kawahara, Paper II).

NIF Target Designs and OMEGA Experiments for Shock-Ignition Inertial Confinement Fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anderson, K. S.

2012-10-01

Shock ignition (SI)footnotetextR. Betti et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 98, 155001 (2007). is being pursued as a viable option to achieve ignition on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). Shock-ignition target designs require the addition of a high-intensity (˜5 x 10^15 W/cm^2) laser spike at the end of a low-adiabat assembly pulse to launch a spherically convergent strong shock to ignite the imploding capsule. Achieving ignition with SI requires the laser spike to generate an ignitor shock with a launching pressure typically in excess of ˜300 Mbar. At the high laser intensities required during the spike pulse, stimulated Raman (SRS) and Brillouin scattering (SBS) could reflect a significant fraction of the incident light. In addition, SRS and the two-plasmon-decay instability can accelerate hot electrons into the shell and preheat the fuel. Since the high-power spike occurs at the end of the pulse when the areal density of the shell is several tens of mg/cm^2, shock-ignition fuel layers are shielded against hot electrons with energies below 150 keV. This paper will present data for a set of OMEGA experiments that were designed to study laser--plasma interactions during the spike pulse. In addition, these experiments were used to demonstrate that high-pressure shocks can be produced in long-scale-length plasmas with SI-relevant intensities. Within the constraints imposed by the hydrodynamics of strong shock generation and the laser--plasma instabilities, target designs for SI experiments on the NIF will be presented. Two-dimensional radiation--hydrodynamic simulations of SI target designs for the NIF predict ignition in the polar-drive beam configuration at sub-MJ laser energies. Design robustness to various 1-D effects and 2-D nonuniformities has been characterized. This work was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy Office of Inertial Confinement Fusion under Cooperative Agreement No. DE-FC52-08NA28302.

Experimental study on ablative stabilization of Rayleigh-Taylor instability of laser-irradiated targets

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shigemori, Keisuke; Sakaiya, Tatsuhiko; Otani, Kazuto; Fujioka, Shinsuke; Nakai, Mitsuo; Azechi, Hiroshi; Shiraga, Hiroyuki; Tamari, Yohei; Okuno, Kazuki; Sunahara, Atsushi; Nagatomo, Hideo; Murakami, Masakatsu; Nishihara, Katsunobu; Izawa, Yasukazu

2004-09-01

Hydrodynamic instabilities are key issues of the physics of inertial confinement fusion (ICF) targets. Among the instabilities, Rayleigh-Taylor (RT) instability is the most important because it gives the largest growth factor in the ICF targets. Perturbations on the laser irradiated surface grow exponentially, but the growth rate is reduced by ablation flow. The growth rate γ is written as Takabe-Betti formula: γ = [kg/(1+kL)]1/2-βkm/pa, where k is wave number of the perturbation, g is acceleration, L is density scale-length, β is a coefficient, m is mass ablation rate per unit surface, and ρa is density at the ablation front. We experimentally measured all the parameters in the formula for polystyrene (CH) targets. Experiments were done on the HIPER laser facility at Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University. We found that the β value in the formula is ~ 1.7, which is in good agreements with the theoretical prediction, whereas the β for certain perturbation wavelengths are larger than the prediction. This disagreement between the experiment and the theory is mainly due to the deformation of the cutoff surface, which is created by non-uniform ablation flow from the ablation surface. We also found that high-Z doped plastic targets have multiablation structure, which can reduce the RT growth rate. When a low-Z target with high-Z dopant is irradiated by laser, radiation due to the high-Z dopant creates secondary ablation front deep inside the target. Since, the secondary ablation front is ablated by x-rays, the mass ablation rate is larger than the laser-irradiated ablation surface, that is, further reduction of the RT growth is expected. We measured the RT growth rate of Br-doped polystyrene targets. The experimental results indicate that of the CHBr targets show significantly small growth rate, which is very good news for the design of the ICF targets.

The pathway to earthquake early warning in the US

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allen, R. M.; Given, D. D.; Heaton, T. H.; Vidale, J. E.; West Coast Earthquake Early Warning Development Team

2013-05-01

The development of earthquake early warning capabilities in the United States is now accelerating and expanding as the technical capability to provide warning is demonstrated and additional funding resources are making it possible to expand the current testing region to the entire west coast (California, Oregon and Washington). Over the course of the next two years we plan to build a prototype system that will provide a blueprint for a full public system in the US. California currently has a demonstrations warning system, ShakeAlert, that provides alerts to a group of test users from the public and private sector. These include biotech companies, technology companies, the entertainment industry, the transportation sector, and the emergency planning and response community. Most groups are currently in an evaluation mode, receiving the alerts and developing protocols for future response. The Bay Area Rapid Transit (BART) system is the one group who has now implemented an automated response to the warning system. BART now stops trains when an earthquake of sufficient size is detected. Research and development also continues to develop improved early warning algorithms to better predict the distribution of shaking in large earthquakes when the finiteness of the source becomes important. The algorithms under development include the use of both seismic and GPS instrumentation and integration with existing point source algorithms. At the same time, initial testing and development of algorithms in and for the Pacific Northwest is underway. In this presentation we will review the current status of the systems, highlight the new research developments, and lay out a pathway to a full public system for the US west coast. The research and development described is ongoing at Caltech, UC Berkeley, University of Washington, ETH Zurich, Southern California Earthquake Center, and the US Geological Survey, and is funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation and the US Geological Survey.

Solution of Eshelby's inclusion problem with a bounded domain and Eshelby's tensor for a spherical inclusion in a finite spherical matrix based on a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gao, X.-L.; Ma, H. M.

2010-05-01

A solution for Eshelby's inclusion problem of a finite homogeneous isotropic elastic body containing an inclusion prescribed with a uniform eigenstrain and a uniform eigenstrain gradient is derived in a general form using a simplified strain gradient elasticity theory (SSGET). An extended Betti's reciprocal theorem and an extended Somigliana's identity based on the SSGET are proposed and utilized to solve the finite-domain inclusion problem. The solution for the disturbed displacement field is expressed in terms of the Green's function for an infinite three-dimensional elastic body in the SSGET. It contains a volume integral term and a surface integral term. The former is the same as that for the infinite-domain inclusion problem based on the SSGET, while the latter represents the boundary effect. The solution reduces to that of the infinite-domain inclusion problem when the boundary effect is not considered. The problem of a spherical inclusion embedded concentrically in a finite spherical elastic body is analytically solved by applying the general solution, with the Eshelby tensor and its volume average obtained in closed forms. This Eshelby tensor depends on the position, inclusion size, matrix size, and material length scale parameter, and, as a result, can capture the inclusion size and boundary effects, unlike existing Eshelby tensors. It reduces to the classical Eshelby tensor for the spherical inclusion in an infinite matrix if both the strain gradient and boundary effects are suppressed. Numerical results quantitatively show that the inclusion size effect can be quite large when the inclusion is very small and that the boundary effect can dominate when the inclusion volume fraction is very high. However, the inclusion size effect is diminishing as the inclusion becomes large enough, and the boundary effect is vanishing as the inclusion volume fraction gets sufficiently low.

The Dawn of a New Era for Supernova 1987a

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-12-08

Three decades ago, astronomers spotted one of the brightest exploding stars in more than 400 years. The titanic supernova, called Supernova 1987A (SN 1987A), blazed with the power of 100 million suns for several months following its discovery on Feb. 23, 1987. Since that first sighting, SN 1987A has continued to fascinate astronomers with its spectacular light show. Located in the nearby Large Magellanic Cloud, it is the nearest supernova explosion observed in hundreds of years and the best opportunity yet for astronomers to study the phases before, during, and after the death of a star. "The 30 years' worth of observations of SN 1987A are important because they provide insight into the last stages of stellar evolution," said Robert Kirshner of the Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics in Cambridge, Massachusetts, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation in Palo Alto, California. The latest data from these powerful telescopes indicate that SN 1987A has passed an important threshold. The supernova shock wave is moving beyond the dense ring of gas produced late in the life of the pre-supernova star when a fast outflow or wind from the star collided with a slower wind generated in an earlier red giant phase of the star's evolution. What lies beyond the ring is poorly known at present, and depends on the details of the evolution of the star when it was a red giant. Read more: go.nasa.gov/2lEgs8M NASA image use policy. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center enables NASA’s mission through four scientific endeavors: Earth Science, Heliophysics, Solar System Exploration, and Astrophysics. Goddard plays a leading role in NASA’s accomplishments by contributing compelling scientific knowledge to advance the Agency’s mission. Follow us on Twitter Like us on Facebook Find us on Instagram

First Conclusions of the WPEC/Subgroup-22 Nuclear Data for Improved LEU-LWR Reactivity Predictions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courcelle, Arnaud

2005-05-01

This paper is a summary of a collective work in the framework of the Working Party in International Nuclear Data Evaluation and Co-operation (WPEC) to investigate the reasons for systematic reactivity underprediction of thermal LEU-LWR (Low-Enriched Uranium, Light-Water Reactor). This keff underprediction (≈ -500 pcm) is observed with the most recent nuclear data libraries (ENDF/B-VI.8, JENDL3.3 and JEFF3.0) This report reviews the evaluation work performed at several laboratories [Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Commissariat a l'énergie atomique de Bruyeres-Le-Chatel (CEA-BRC), International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA)] as well as the integral tests (mainly at LANL, Knoll Atomic Power Laboratory (KAPL), Bettis Atomic Power Laboratory (BAPL), Nuclear Research and Consultancy Group NRG-Petten, CEA and IAEA) of the successive versions of the new evaluated files. The present status of the work can be summarized as follows: • Improved evaluations of 238U inelastic data proposed by LANL and CEA-BRC were tested against integral benchmarks and partially improve the reactivity prediction. • The thermal capture cross-section of 238U has been revised, and a new evaluation of 238U resonance parameters, up to 20 keV, is in progress at ORNL. Integral tests have ensured that the modifications of 238U capture cross-section in the thermal and resolved range were still compatible with 238U integral measurements (238U capture rate ratios measured in critical facilities and 239Pu build-up prediction in a depleted pressurized water reactor (PWR) assembly). It is demonstrated that the combination of the new inelastic data (LANL or BRC) with the preliminary ORNL resonance parameter set gives a good correction of the reactivity under-estimation. The provisional conclusions of this collective work are expected to contribute toward the improvement of the future versions of nuclear data libraries.

Bathymetry of Patagonia glacier fjords and glacier ice thickness from high-resolution airborne gravity combined with other data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, L.; Rignot, E.; Rivera, A.; Bunetta, M.

2012-12-01

The North and South Patagonia Ice fields are the largest ice masses outside Antarctica in the Southern Hemisphere. During the period 1995-2000, these glaciers lost ice at a rate equivalent to a sea level rise of 0.105 ± 0.001 mm/yr. In more recent years, the glaciers have been thinning more quickly than can be explained by warmer air temperatures and decreased precipitation. A possible cause is an increase in flow speed due to enhanced ablation of the submerged glacier fronts. To understand the dynamics of these glaciers and how they change with time, it is critical to have a detailed view of their ice thickness, the depth of the glacier bed below sea or lake level, how far inland these glaciers remain below sea or lake level, and whether bumps or hollows in the bed may slow down or accelerate their retreat. A grid of free-air gravity data over the Patagonia Glaciers was collected in May 2012 and October 2012, funded by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF) to measure ice thickness and sea floor bathymetry. This survey combines the Sander Geophysics Limited (SGL) AIRGrav system, SGL laser altimetry and Chilean CECS/UCI ANDREA-2 radar. To obtain high-resolution and high-precision gravity data, the helicopter operates at 50 knots (25.7 m/s) with a grid spacing of 400m and collects gravity data at sub mGal level (1 Gal =1 Galileo = 1 cm/s2) near glacier fronts. We use data from the May 2012 survey to derive preliminarily high-resolution, high-precision thickness estimates and bathymetry maps of Jorge Montt Glacier and San Rafael Glacier. Boat bathymetry data is used to optimize the inversion of gravity over water and radar-derived thickness over glacier ice. The bathymetry maps will provide a breakthrough in our knowledge of the ice fields and enable a new era of glacier modeling and understanding that is not possible at present because ice thickness is not known.

Beijing diary: ten days at the women's conference.

PubMed

Craft, N

1995-10-14

A British Medical Journal editor recorded her impressions and experiences at the Fourth World Conference on Women in the form of a 10-day diary. She described a logistical nightmare extending from her attempt to check into the hotel where she had a reservation to workshops and meetings held in unfinished buildings, overcrowded classrooms, and public areas of a hotel (even after hotel management extinguished the lights). The journalist's movements were dutifully recorded by a uniformed attendant, and taxi drivers refused to take her to the conference center. Early lobbying and strategy meetings revolved around the issues to be discussed at the conference. The opening of the Conference was marked with pomp and ceremony while workshops held at the nongovernmental (NGO) forum 50 miles away provided an opportunity for women to describe their attempts to improve their status. Rain forced Hilary Clinton to speak inside and disappointed thousands of women who had waited in line for hours to hear her comments. Betty Friedan described the conference as a metaphor for women's experience in the world and called for a "new vision of equality." Debates at the NGO forum centered around the rights of parents to have access to their children's medical records and punitive measures for women who have had abortions. At the Conference, the UN was unable to explain the paucity of women in positions of under secretary general or higher. By the end of the first week, the governments of Australia, India, Tanzania, China, the US, Ghana, the UK, Turkey, and Cambodia had all made commitments to improve the status of women. During the second week of the Conference the wording for the Beijing Declaration and Platform for Action was passed through various committees. The resulting document represents a significant contribution to the gradual progress towards equity for women, instead of a major shift in world view, but grassroots organizations will find in it the ammunition to hold governments to promises made in Beijing. The logistical problems of the Conference provide a manifestation of the roadblocks that women will face as they attempt to change their role in society. They also illustrate the problems encountered by anyone attempting to challenge the status quo in China.

Recommendations for Competency in Allergy Training for Undergraduates Qualifying as Medical Practitioners: A Position Paper of the World Allergy Organization

PubMed Central

2009-01-01

The Council acknowledges specific comments from: The American Academy of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (AAAAI) (Amal H Assa'ad); The American College of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (ACAAI) (Mark Dykewicz, D. Betty Lew, Bryan L. Martin); The Argentine Association of Allergy and Immunology (Ledit RF Ardusso); The Argentine Society of Allergy and Immunopathology (Estrella Asayag); The Australasian Society of Clinical Immunology and Allergy (ASCIA) (Jill Smith); The British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Stephen Durham); The Brazilian Society of Allergy and Immunopathology (Nelson Rosario); The Bulgarian Society of Allergology (Vasil Dimitrov); The Canadian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (CSACI) (Richard Warrington); The Chilean Society of Allergy and Immunology (Jessica Salinas); The Chinese Society of Allergology (Zhang Hongyu, Yin Jia); The Czech Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (Jiri Litzman); The Danish Society of Allergology (Lone Winther, Peter Plaschke); The Egyptian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Kamal Maurice Hanna); The Egyptian Society of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology (Yehia El-Gamal); The German Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Thilo Jakob, Claus Bachert, Bernhard Przybilla); The Hungarian Society of Allergology and Clinical Immunology (Kristof Nekam); The Icelandic Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Björn R. Lúðvíksson); The Italian Association of Territorial and Hospital Allergists (Riccardo Asero); The Italian Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Luigi Fontana); The Japanese Society of Allergology (Sankei Nishima); The Korean Academy of Asthma Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Joon Sung Lee, Hae-Sim Park); The Latvian Association of Allergists (Ieva Cirule); The Lebanese Society of Allergy & Immunology (Fares Zaitoun); The Mongolian Society of Allergology (S. Munkhbayarlakh); The Allergy and Clinical Immunology Society (Singapore) (Chng Hiok Hee); The Allergy Society of South Africa (Sharon Kling); The Spanish Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Tomás Chivato); The Swiss Society for Allergology and Immunology (SSAI-SGAI) (Beat A. Imhof, Andreas Bircher); The Allergy and Immunology Society of Thailand (Pakit Vichyanond); The Turkish National Society of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (Omer Kalayci); and The Venezuelan Society of Allergy, Asthma and Immunology (Luis F Sarmiento). PMID:23283109

Bed topography of Jakobshavn Isbræ, Greenland from high-resolution gravity data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, L.; Rignot, E. J.; Morlighem, M.; Paden, J. D.; Holland, D. M.

2015-12-01

Jakobshavn Isbræ (JKS) is one of the largest marine terminating outlet glaciers in Greenland, feeding a fjord about 800 m deep in the west coast. JKS sped up more than twofold since 2002 and contributed nearly 1 mm of global sea level rise during the period from 2000 to 2011. Holland et al. (2008) posit that these changes coincided with a change in ocean conditions beneath the former ice tongue, yet little is known about the depth of the glacier at its grounding line and upstream of the grounding line and the sea floor depth of the fjord is not well known either. Here, we present a new approach to infer the glacier bed topography, ice thickness and sea floor bathymetry near the grounding line of JKS using high-resolution airborne gravity data from AirGRAV. AirGRAV data were collected in August 2012 from a helicopter platform. The data combined with radio echo sounding data, discrete point soundings in the fjord and the mass conservation approach on land ice. AirGRAV acquired a 500m spacing grid of free-air gravity data at 50 knots with sub-milligal accuracy, i.e. much higher than NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB)'s 5.2km resolution at 290 knots. We use a 3D inversion of the gravity data combining our observations and a forward modeling of the surrounding gravity field, and constrained at the boundary by radar echo soundings and point bathymetry. We reconstruct seamless bed topography at the grounding line that matches interior data and the sea floor bathymetry. The results reveal the true depth at the elbow of the terminal valley and the bed reversal in the proximity of the current grounding line. The analysis provides guidelines for future gravity survey of narrow fjords in terms of spatial resolution and gravity precision. The results also demonstrate the practicality of using high resolution gravity survey to resolve bed topography near glacier snouts, in places where radar sounding has been significantly challenged in the past. The inversion results are critical to re-interpret the recent evolution of JKS and reduce uncertainties in projecting its future contribution to sea level. This work was conducted at UCI and at Caltech's Jet Propulsion Laboratory under a contract with the Gordon and Betty More Foundation and with NASA's Cryospheric Science Program.

Monolithic CMOS imaging x-ray spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kenter, Almus; Kraft, Ralph; Gauron, Thomas; Murray, Stephen S.

2014-07-01

The Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory (SAO) in collaboration with SRI/Sarnoff is developing monolithic CMOS detectors optimized for x-ray astronomy. The goal of this multi-year program is to produce CMOS x-ray imaging spectrometers that are Fano noise limited over the 0.1-10keV energy band while incorporating the many benefits of CMOS technology. These benefits include: low power consumption, radiation "hardness", high levels of integration, and very high read rates. Small format test devices from a previous wafer fabrication run (2011-2012) have recently been back-thinned and tested for response below 1keV. These devices perform as expected in regards to dark current, read noise, spectral response and Quantum Efficiency (QE). We demonstrate that running these devices at rates ~> 1Mpix/second eliminates the need for cooling as shot noise from any dark current is greatly mitigated. The test devices were fabricated on 15μm, high resistivity custom (~30kΩ-cm) epitaxial silicon and have a 16 by 192 pixel format. They incorporate 16μm pitch, 6 Transistor Pinned Photo Diode (6TPPD) pixels which have ~40μV/electron sensitivity and a highly parallel analog CDS signal chain. Newer, improved, lower noise detectors have just been fabricated (October 2013). These new detectors are fabricated on 9μm epitaxial silicon and have a 1k by 1k format. They incorporate similar 16μm pitch, 6TPPD pixels but have ~ 50% higher sensitivity and much (3×) lower read noise. These new detectors have undergone preliminary testing for functionality in Front Illuminated (FI) form and are presently being prepared for back thinning and packaging. Monolithic CMOS devices such as these, would be ideal candidate detectors for the focal planes of Solar, planetary and other space-borne x-ray astronomy missions. The high through-put, low noise and excellent low energy response, provide high dynamic range and good time resolution; bright, time varying x-ray features could be temporally and spectrally resolved without saturation. We present details of our camera design and device performance with particular emphasis on those aspects of interest to single photon counting x-ray astronomy. These features include read noise, x-ray spectral response and quantum efficiency. Funding for this work has been provided in large part by NASA Grant NNX09AE86G and a grant from the Betty and Gordon Moore Foundation.

Bathymetry of Torssukatak fjord and one century of glacier stability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

An, L.; Rignot, E. J.; Morlighem, M.

2017-12-01

Marine-terminating glaciers dominate the evolution of the Greenland Ice Sheet(GrIS) mass balance as they control 90% of the ice discharge into the ocean. Warm air temperatures thin the glaciers from the top to unground ice fronts from the bed. Warm oceans erode the submerged grounded ice, causing the grounding line to retreat. To interpret the recent and future evolution of two outlet glaciers, Sermeq Avangnardleq (AVA) and Sermeq Kujatdleq (KUJ) in central West Greenland, flowing into the ice-choked Torssukatak fjord (TOR), we need to know their ice thickness and bed topography and the fjord bathymetry. Here, we present a novel mapping of the glacier bed topography, ice thickness and sea floor bathymetry near the grounding line using high resolution airborne gravity data from AIRGrav collected in August 2012 with a helicopter platform, at 500 m spacing grid, 50 knots ground speed, 80 m ground clearance, with submilligal accuracy, i.e. higher than NASA Operation IceBridge (OIB)'s 5.2 km resolution, 290 knots, and 450 m clearance. We also employ MultiBeam Echo Sounding data (MBES) collected in the fjord since 2009. We had to wait until the summer of 2016, during Ocean Melting Greenland (OMG), to map the fjord bathymetry near the ice fronts for the first time. We constrain the 3D inversion of the gravity data with MBES in the fjord and a reconstruction of the glacier bed topography using mass conservation (MC) on land ice. The seamless topography obtained across the grounding line reveal the presence of a 300-m sill for AVA, which explains why this glacier has been stable for a century, despite changes in surface melt and ocean-induced melt and the presence of a deep fjord (800 m) in front of the glacier. For KUJ, we also reveal the presence of a wide sill (300 m depth) near the current ice front which explains its stability and the stranding of iceberg debris in front of the glacier. The results shed new light on the evolution of these glaciers and explain their apparent stability. The data also reveal the presence of a deep bed upstream, indicating a potential for rapid retreat if ocean and surface melting are able to dislodge the glaciers from their stabilizing sills. This work was funded by NASA Cryosphere Program and from a grant by the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation.

Optical probes of symmetry breaking in magnetic and superconducting BaFe2(As1-xPx)2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Orenstein, Joseph

The discovery of iron pnictide superconductors has opened promising new directions in the effort to fully understand the phenomenon of high-Tc, with a focus on the connections between superconductivity, magnetism, and electronic nematicity. The BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 (P:Ba122) system in particular has received attention because isovalent substitution of As for P generates less disorder than doping on the Fe site. The phase diagram of P:Ba122 is characterized by a line of simultaneous antiferromagnetic (AF) and tetragonal-to-orthorhombic transitions, Ts (x) , that penetrates the superconducting dome at x =0.28, just below optimal doping (xopt = 0.30). In this work, we use spatially-resolved optical polarimetry and photomodulated reflectance to detect linear birefringence and therefore breaking of 4-fold rotational (C4) symmetry. In underdoped (x<0.28) samples, birefringence appears at T>Tsand grows continuously with decreasing T . The birefringence is unidirectional in a large (300 μm x300 μm) field of view, suggesting that C4 breaking in this range of T is caused by residual strain that couples to a diverging nematic susceptibility. Birefringence maps just below Ts (x) show the appearance of domains, indicating the onset of spontaneous symmetry breaking to an AF ground state. Surprisingly, in samples with x>0.28, in which the low T phase is superconducting/ tetragonal rather than AF/orthorhombic, C4 breaking is observed as well, with an abrupt onset and domain formation at 55 K. We tentatively associate these features with a transition to an AF phase induced by residual strain, as previously proposed [H.-H. Kuo et al. Phys. Rev. B86, 134507 (2012)] to account for structure in resistivity vs. T. Time-resolved photomodulation allow us to follow the amplitude of the AF order with time following pulsed photoexcitation. Below Tc the AF order at first weakens , but then strengthens in response to the photoinduced weakening of superconductivity. This complex time evolution is accounted for quantitatively by a model based on the coexistence and competition of AF and superconducting order. We gratefully acknowledge support by the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science, Materials Sciences and Engineering Division, and the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation's EPiQS Initiative through Grant GBMF4537.

Microcracks induced during dilatancy and compaction in a porous oolithic carbonate rock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fortin, Jérôme; Stanchits, Sergei; Dresen, Georg; Guéguen, Yves

2010-05-01

Reservoir rocks can undergo irreversible deformation (dilatancy or compaction) as a result of a change in effective stress during production of hydrocarbon or during CO2 storage; and whether deformation occurs in conjunction with dilatation or compaction, it has important implications on fluid transport processes. In this study, we investigated the mechanical behavior of the Chauvigny limestone. This porous limestone is one of the rocks, which constitutes the Dogger, a deep saline aquifer, one of the favorable geological reservoirs for CO2 storage in France. This limestone is an oolithic one and is characterized by a dual porosity: a micro-porosity (inside the ooliths) of ~13% and a macro-porosity of ~4%. The total porosity is ~17%. Previous studies performed on limestone, even the ones with very low porosity like Carrara marble, show at room temperature, a transition with increasing pressure from brittle regime to catalastic flow. Two mechanisms are involved during failure of limestone: cracking, and crystal plasticity, which can be activated at room temperature. To investigate the brittle-ductile transition in this porous limestone, we performed 8 conventional triaxial experiments, at confining pressure in the range of 5-100 MPa, at room temperature and at a constant strain rate of 2.10-4s-1. In addition, the evolutions of elastic wave velocities were measured periodically with loading. The elastic wave velocities are affected by two competing mechanisms: porosity reduction -which increases the velocities-, and cracking -which decreases the velocities-. However the elastic wave velocities are much more sensitive to cracking than to porosity reduction. Our results show that diltatant (nucleation and propagation of cracks) and compaction micro-mechanisms (plastic pore collapse) compete. Two limit cases can be distinguished. During hydrostatic compression, the inelastic volumetric strain seems to be mainly associated with plastic pore collapse, whereas for the triaxial experiments at confining pressure < 30 MPa, the inelastic volumetric strain seems to be mainly associated with the development of shear-induced cracks. For the triaxial experiments at confining pressure > 30 MPa, we are able to distinguish a first critical stress state where plastic pore collapse occurs, and a second stress state where shear-induced cracks are initiated. Reference: J. Fortin, S. Stanchits, G. Dresen and Y. Gueguen, 2009. Micro-mechanisms involved during inelastic deformation of porous carbonate rocks. Poromechanics IV, Proceedings of the fourth Biot conference, edited by H. Ling, A. Smyth, and R. Betti, 378-38

Po-Basin Atmospheric Composition during the Pegasos Field Campaign (summer 2012): Evaluation of ninfa/aodeM Simulation with In-Situ e Remote Sensing Observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Landi, Tony C.; Bonafe, Giovanni; Stortini, Michele; Minguzzi, Enrico; Cristofanelli, Paolo; Marinoni, Angela; Giulianelli, Lara; Sandrini, Silvia; Gilardoni, Stefania; Rinaldi, Matteo; Ricciardelli, Isabella

2014-05-01

Within the EU project PEGASOS one of three field campaigns took place in the Po Valley during the summer of 2012. Photochemistry, particle formation, and particle properties related to diurnal evolution of the PBL were investigated through both in-situ and airborne measurements on board a Zeppelin NT air ship. In addition, 3-D air quality modeling systems were implemented over the Po valley for the summer 2012 to better characterize the atmospheric conditions, in terms of meteorological parameters and chemical composition. In this work, we present a comparison between atmospheric composition simulations carried out by the modeling system NINFA/AODEM with measurements performed during the PEGASOS field campaign for the period 13 June - 12 July 2012. NINFA (Stortini et al., 2007) is based on the chemical transport model CHIMERE (Bessagnet et al., 2008), driven by COSMO-I7, the meteorological Italian Limited Area Model, (Steppeler et al., 2003). Boundary conditions are provided by Prev'air data (www.prevair.org), and emission data input are based on regional, national and European inventory. Besides, a post-processing tool for aerosol optical properties calculation, called AODEM (Landi T. C. 2013) was implemented. Thus, predictions of Aerosol Optical Depth and aerosol extinction coefficient were also used for model comparison to vertical-resolved observations. For this experiment, NINFA/AODEM has been also evaluated by using measurements of size-segregated aerosol samples, number particles concentration and aerosol optical properties collected on hourly basis at the 3 different sampling sites representative of urban background (Bologna), rural background (San Pietro Capofiume) and remote high altitude station (Monte Cimone 2165 ma.s.l.). ). In addition, we focused on new particles formations events and long range transports from Northern Africa observed during the field campaign. References Bessagnet, Bertrand, Laurent Menut, Gabriele Curci, Alma Hodzic, Bruno Guillaume, Catherine Liousse, Sophie Moukhtar, Betty Pun, Christian Seigneur, and Michaël Schulz (2008). "Regional modeling of carbonaceous aerosols over europe-focus on secondary organic aerosols." Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry 61, no. 3 : 175-202. Landi Tony Christian (2013). AODEM: A post-processing tool for aerosol optical properties calculation in the Chemical Transport Models. Book published by LAP - Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 978-3-659-31802-3. Steppeler, J., G. Doms, U. Schättler, H. W. Bitzer, A. Gassmann, U. Damrath, and G. Gregoric (2003). "Meso-gamma scale forecasts using the nonhydrostatic model LM." Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics 82, no. 1-4 : 75-96. M. Stortini, M. Deserti, G. Bonafè, and E. Minguzzi. Long-term simulation and validation of ozone and aerosol in the Po Valley. In C.Borrego and E.Renner, editors, Developments in Environmental Sciences, volume 6, pages 768-770. Elsevier, 2007.

Crack Turning Mechanics of Composite Wing Skin Panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yuan, F. G.; Reeder, James R. (Technical Monitor)

2001-01-01

The safety of future composite wing skin integral stiffener panels requires a full understanding of failure mechanisms of these damage tolerance critical structures under both in-plane and bending loads. Of primary interest is to derive mathematical models using fracture mechanics in anisotropic cracked plate structures, to assess the crack turning mechanisms, and thereby to enhance the residual strength in the integral stiffener composite structures. The use of fracture mechanics to assess the failure behavior in a cracked structure requires the identification of critical fracture parameters which govern the severity of stress and deformation field ahead of the flaw, and which can be evaluated using information obtained from the flaw tip. In the three-year grant, the crack-tip fields under plane deformation, crack-tip fields for anisotropic plates and anisotropic shells have been obtained. In addition, methods for determining the stress intensity factors, energy release rate, and the T-stresses have been proposed and verified. The research accomplishments can be summarized as follows: (1) Under plane deformation in anisotropic solids, the asymptotic crack-tip fields have been obtained using Stroh formalism; (2) The T-stress and the coefficient of the second term for sigma(sub y), g(sub 32), have been obtained using path-independent integral, the J-integral and Betti's reciprocal theorem together with auxiliary fields; (3) With experimental data performed by NASA, analyses indicated that the mode-I critical stress intensity factor K(sub Q) provides a satisfactory characterization of fracture initiation for a given laminate thickness, provided the failure is fiber-dominated and crack extends in a self-similar manner; (4) The high constraint specimens, especially for CT specimens, due to large T-stress and large magnitude of negative g(sub 32) term may be expected to inhibit the crack extension in the same plane and promote crack turning; (5) Crack turning out of crack plane in generally anisotropic solids under plane deformation has been studied; (6) The role of T-stress and the higher-order term of sigma(sub y) on the crack turning and stability of the kinked crack has been quantified; (7) Asymptotic crack-tip fields including the effect of transverse shear deformation (Reissner plate theory) in an anisotropic plate under bending, twisting moments, and transverse shear loads has been presented; (8) The expression of the path-independent J-integral in terms of the generalized stress and strain has been derived; (9) Asymptotic crack-tip fields including the effect of transverse shear deformation (Reissner shallow shell theory) in a general anisotropic shell has been developed; (10) The Stroh formalism was used to characterize the crack tip fields in shells up to the second term and the energy release rate was expressed in a very compact form.

LLE Review Quarterly Report July-September 2000

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

2000-12-01

This volume of the LLE Review, covering July-September 2000, begins with an article by T. R. Boehly, V. N. Goncharov, O. Gotchev, J. P. Knauer, D. D. Meyerhofer, D. Oron, S. P. Regan, Y. Srebro, W. Seka, D. Shvarts, S. Skupsky, and V.A. Smalyuk, who describe measurements of the effect of beam smoothing and pulse shape on imprinting. (Imprinting is defined as the imposition of pressure perturbations on the target by spatial variations in the laser intensity.) A principal result is the observation of reduced levels of imprint with the higher beam smoothing afforded by 1-THz smoothing by spectral dispersionmore » (SSD). Additional highlights of research presented in this issue are: (1) P. W. McKenty, V. N. Goncharov, R. P. J. Town, S. Skupsky, R. Betti, and R. L. McCrory describe calculations of directly driven ignition capsule performance on the National Ignition Facility (NIF). The authors detail how the various contributors to implosion disruption (laser imprint, power imbalance, and target roughness) affect target performance and final gain. The conclusions are obtained by examining the simulated target evolution with the two-dimensional hydrodynamics computer code ORCHID. (2) D. D. Meyerhofer, J. A. Delettrez, R. Epstein, V. Yu. Glebov, V. N. Goncharov, R. L. Keck, R. L. McCrory, P. W. McKenty, F. J. Marshall, P. B. Radha, S. P. Regan, S. Roberts, W. Seka, S. Skupsky, V. A. Smalyuk, C. Sorce, C. Stoeckl, J. M. Soures, R. P. J. Town, B. Yaakobi, J. D. Zuegel, J. Frenje, C. K. L1,R. D. Petrasso, F. Seguin, K. Fletcher, S. Padalino, C. Freeman, N. Izumi, R. Lerche, T. W. Phillips, and T. C. Sangster describe the results of a series of direct-drive implosions of gas-fusion-fuel-filled plastic shells performed on the OMEGA laser system. The experiments include those performed with 1-THZ SSD and high-quality power balance. (3) V. Yu. Glebov, D. D. Meyerhofer, C. Stoeckl, and J. D. Zuegel describe the technique of measuring secondary neutron yield (DT neutron yield from D{sub 2}-filled targets) using current-mode detectors (i.e., many detection events per unit time interval). They show that current-mode detectors can be configured to survey a much larger dynamic range than single-event neutron counters. (4) V. A. Smalyuk, T. R. Boehly, L. S. Iwan, T. J. Kessler, J. P. Knauer, F. J. Marshall, D. D. Meyerhofer, C. Stoeckl, B. Yaakobi, and D. K. Bradley detail a method of measuring the positional dependence of x-ray self-absorption with filtered x-ray framing cameras. They show how compressed shell nonuniformities can be measured by carefully modeling the imaging system. This volume concludes with the LLE's Summer High School Research Program, the FY00 Laser Facility Report, and the National Laser Users' Facility News.« less

Status of Public Earthquake Early Warning in the U.S

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Given, D. D.

2013-12-01

Earthquake Early Warning (EEW) is a proven use of seismological science that can give people and businesses outside the epicentral area of a large earthquake up to a minute to take protective actions before the most destructive shaking hits them. Since 2006 several organizations have been collaborating to create such a system in the United States. These groups include the US Geological Survey, Caltech, UC Berkeley, the University of Washington, the Southern California Earthquake Center, the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, Zürich, the California Office of Emergency Services, and the California Geological Survey. A demonstration version of the system, called ShakeAlert, began sending test notifications to selected users in California in January 2012. In August 2012 San Francisco's Bay Area Rapid Transit district began slowing and stopping trains in response to strong ground shaking. The next step in the project is to progress to a production prototype for the west coast. The system is built on top of the considerable technical and organizational earthquake monitoring infrastructure of the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS). While a fully functional, robust, public EEW system will require significant new investment and development in several major areas, modest progress is being made with current resources. First, high-quality sensors must be installed with sufficient density, particularly near source faults. Where possible, we are upgrading and augmenting the existing ANSS networks on the west coast. Second, data telemetry from those sensors must be engineered for speed and reliability. Next, robust central processing infrastructure is being designed and built. Also, computer algorithms to detect and characterize the evolving earthquake must be further developed and tested. Last year the Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation funded USGS, Caltech, UCB and UW to accelerate R&D efforts. Every available means of distributing alerts must be used to insure the system's effectiveness. We have developed an internet-based UserDisplay application and a smartphone app based on Google Cloud Messaging. In addition, USGS has applied for authorization to alert over FEMA's Integrated Pubic Alert and Warning System. We are also working with private companies to develop alert distribution channels and end user implementation capabilities. Finally, because policy makers, institutional users, and the public must be educated about the system, social scientists and communicators are determining how to communicate the alerts most effectively. Progress is also being made in several related areas. Real-time GPS position data is becoming available on a large scale and algorithms are being developed to use these data to rapidly characterize the fault rupture as it propagates. New, advanced seismological and geodetic algorithms for the Cascadia megathrust and San Andreas fault are being developed. We are exploring public-private partnerships to develop commercial EEW applications. And Federal, State and local agencies are working out their roles and responsibilities in building, operating and educating users about the system. There is much more to be done and funding the creation and operation of this new capability is a challenge in the current budget climate. However, our goal is to build an EEW system before the next big earthquake rather than in its aftermath.

Development of New Treatments for Prostate Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DiPaola, R. S.; Abate-Shen, C.; Hait, W. N.

2005-02-01

The Dean and Betty Gallo Prostate Cancer Center (GPCC) was established with the goal of eradicating prostate cancer and improving the lives of men at risk for the disease through research, treatment, education and prevention. GPCC was founded in the memory of Dean Gallo, a beloved New Jersey Congressman who died tragically of prostate cancer diagnosed at an advanced stage. GPCC unites a team of outstanding researchers and clinicians who are committed to high-quality basic research, translation of innovative research to the clinic, exceptional patient care, and improving public education and awareness of prostate cancer. GPCC is a center ofmore » excellence of The Cancer Institute of New Jersey, which is the only NCI-designated comprehensive cancer center in the state. GPCC efforts are now integrated well as part of our Prostate Program at CINJ, in which Dr. Robert DiPaola and Dr. Cory Abate-Shen are co-leaders. The Prostate Program unites 19 investigators from 10 academic departments who have broad and complementary expertise in prostate cancer research. The overall goal and unifying theme is to elucidate basic mechanisms of prostate growth and oncogenesis, with the ultimate goal of promoting new and effective strategies for the eradication of prostate cancer. Members' wide range of research interests collectively optimize the chances of providing new insights into normal prostate biology and unraveling the molecular pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Cell culture and powerful animal models developed by program members recapitulate the various stages of prostate cancer progression, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma, androgen-independence, invasion and metastases. These models promise to further strengthen an already robust program of investigator-initiated therapeutic clinical trials, including studies adopted by national cooperative groups. Efforts to translate laboratory results into clinical studies of early detection and chemoprevention are underway. The specific goals of this program are: (1) To investigate the molecular mechanisms underlying normal prostate growth and differentiation and elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying prostate oncogenesis. (2) To build on fundamental knowledge to develop effective therapeutic approaches for the treatment of prostate cancer. (3) To improve the control of prostate cancer through early detection, chemoprevention, and outreach and education. This new disease-based program is structured to improve interdisciplinary interactions and translational results. Already, through the dynamic leadership of Drs. Cory Abate-Shen and Robert DiPaola, new investigators were attracted to the field, new collaborations engendered, and numerous investigator-initiated trials implemented. Progress in GPCC and the program overall has been outstanding. The Center has success in uniting investigators with broad and complementary expertise in prostate cancer research. The overall goal and unifying theme is to elucidate basic mechanisms of prostate growth and oncogenesis, with the ultimate goal of promoting new and effective strategies for the eradication of prostate cancer in patients and populations at risk. Members wide range of research interests collectively optimize the chances of providing new insights into normal prostate biology and unraveling the molecular pathophysiology of prostate cancer. Studies in cell culture and powerful animal models developed recapitulate the various stages of prostate cancer progression, including prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia, adenocarcinoma, androgen-independence, invasion and metastases. These models promise to further strengthen an already robust program of investigator-initiated therapeutic clinical trials, including studies adopted by national cooperative groups. Efforts to translate laboratory results into clinical studies of early detection and chemoprevention are underway.« less

A Brief History of the Soil Science Society of America

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brevik, Eric C.

2013-04-01

The Soil Science Society of America (SSSA) was officially born on November 18, 1936 at the Mayflower Hotel in Washington, D.C. with Richard Bradfield as the first President. SSSA was created from the merger of the American Soil Survey Association and the Soils Section of American Society of Agronomy (ASA). Six sections were established: 1) physics, 2) chemistry, 3) microbiology, 4) fertility, 5) morphology, and 6) technology, and total membership was less than 200. The first issue of SSSA Journal, then called SSSA Proceedings, published 87 items totaling 526 pages. The first recorded bank balance for SSSA was at the end of the 1937-38 fiscal year, and showed the Society to be worth 1,300.03. The Soils Section of ASA became the official American section of the International Society of Soil Science in 1934, and the new SSSA inherited that distinction which it retains to this day. SSSA has grown significantly since those early days. The original six sections have grown to 11 divisions, and some of those divisions have changed their names to reflect changes occurring within soil science. For example, the original section 5, morphology, is now Division S05 - Pedology after spending many years under other names such as Division V - Soil Classification and Division S-5 - Soil Genesis, Morphology, and Classification. SSSA was incorporated in the State of Wisconsin, USA on 22 January, 1952. Several awards have been developed to recognize achievement in the field of soil science, including the SSSA Presidential Award, Don and Betty Kirkham Soil Physics Award, Emil Truog Soil Science Award, International Soil Science Award, Irrometer Professional Certification Service Award, L.R. Ahuja Ag Systems Modeling Award, Marion L. and Chrystie M. Jackson Soil Science Award, Soil Science Applied Research Award, Soil Science Distinguished Service Award, Soil Science Education Award, Soil Science Industry and Professional Leadership Award, Soil Science Research Award, and SSSA Early Career Professional Award. SSSA has also hosted the World Congress of Soil Science in 1960 and 2006. In 2010 SSSA membership was at 6,367, the third highest membership total in SSSA history. SSSAJ published 259 items totaling 2,201 pages. But unlike 1937, SSSAJ is no longer SSSA's only journal. In 2009 Journal of Environmental Quality published 272 items on 2,480 pages, Soil Survey Horizons (renamed Soil Horizons in 2012) published 26 items on 133 pages, Vadose Zone Journal published 116 items on 1,088 pages, and Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education published 48 items on 250 pages, giving Society journals a total of 721 items published on 6,132 pages. At the end of 2010 SSSA was worth 3,130,163. All of these numbers show significant achievement in the years since the Society's founding, but not all of those years have been rosy. For example, SSSA's membership dropped from an all-time high of 6,402 in 1985 to 5,319 in 2002 and the Society's net worth declined from 2,132,750 in 1999 to 984,866 in 2002. This period from the mid-1980s through the early 2000s has probably been the most challenging so far in SSSA's history. Many changes are also in store going into the future. Over the past few years SSSA has become increasingly independent from ASA. While the two societies (along with the Crop Science Society of America (CSSA)) still maintain close ties, the members of SSSA have expressed a desire to emphasize that soils are more than agronomic. One indication of this increasing independence can be seen in the annual meetings. SSSA met jointly with the Geological Society of America in 2008 and will meet with the Entomological Society of America in 2015. There are also plans for SSSA to meet independently of ASA and CSSA for the first time in 2018. Another indication is the recent rearrangement of the governing structures of ASA, CSSA, and SSSA.

PREFACE: Ultrafast biophotonics Ultrafast biophotonics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Min; Reid, Derryck; Ben-Yakar, Adela

2010-08-01

The use of light to explore biology can be traced to the first observations of tissue made with early microscopes in the mid-seventeenth century, and has today evolved into the discipline which we now know as biophotonics. This field encompasses a diverse range of activities, each of which shares the common theme of exploiting the interaction of light with biological material. With the rapid advancement of ultrafast optical technologies over the last few decades, ultrafast lasers have increasingly found applications in biophotonics, to the extent that the distinctive new field of ultrafast biophotonics has now emerged, where robust turnkey ultrafast laser systems are facilitating cutting-edge studies in the life sciences to take place in everyday laboratories. The broad spectral bandwidths, precision timing resolution, low coherence and high peak powers of ultrafast optical pulses provide unique opportunities for imaging and manipulating biological systems. Time-resolved studies of bio-molecular dynamics exploit the short pulse durations from such lasers, while other applications such as optical coherence tomography benefit from the broad optical bandwidths possible by using super-continuum generation and additionally allowing for high speed imaging with speeds as high as 47 000 scans per second. Continuing progress in laser-system technology is accelerating the adoption of ultrafast techniques across the life sciences, both in research laboratories and in clinical applications, such as laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) eye surgery. Revolutionizing the field of optical microscopy, two-photon excitation fluorescence (TPEF) microscopy has enabled higher spatial resolution with improved depth penetration into biological specimens. Advantages of this nonlinear optical process include: reduced photo-interactions, allowing for extensive imaging time periods; simultaneously exciting multiple fluorescent molecules with only one excitation wavelength; and reduced chromatic aberration effects. These extensive advantages have led to further exploration of nonlinear processes including second-harmonic generation (SHG) microscopy and third-harmonic generation (THG) microscopy. Second-harmonic generation has provided biologists with an extremely powerful tool for generating contrast in biological imaging, with the additional benefit of non-invasive three-dimensional imaging. The recent popularity of THG microscopy is largely due to the fact that three-dimensional imaging is achievable without the need for any labels, but rather relying on the intrinsic properties of the biological specimen itself. This optical nonlinear technique has attracted much attention recently from the biological community due to its non-invasive capabilities. Users of ultrafast lasers in the biological and medical fields are becoming a fast-growing community, employing pulse-shaping microscopy, resolution-enhancing microscopy techniques, linear and nonlinear micro-spectroscopy, functional deep-tissue imaging, optical coherence tomography, nonlinear fluorescence microscopy, molecular imaging and control, harmonic microscopy and femtosecond lifetime imaging, for cutting-edge research concerning the interaction of light with biological dynamics. The adaptability of ultrafast lasers to interact with a large array of materials through nonlinear excitation has enabled precise control of laser fluence allowing for highly localized material interactions, permitting micro-structured fabricated surfaces. The resultant multi-dimensional fabricated micro-structures are capable of replicating and/or manipulating microenvironments for controlled cell biology. In this special issue of Journal of Optics readers have a chance to view a collection of new contributions to the growing research field of ultrafast biophotonics. They are presented with recent advances in ultrafast technology applied to biological and medical investigations, where topics include advances in the visualization and identification of photo-reaction dynamics of biological functions under relevant physiological conditions, theoretically proposed imaging designs for obtaining super-resolved optical sectioned images in single exposures and fabricated micro-structured surfaces for biological micro-environments. We hope the collection will stimulate innovative new research in this growing field by showcasing new techniques for the visualization and manipulation of complex biological systems using linear and and nonlinear optical processes. Professor Min Gu would like to acknowledge Dr Betty Kouskousis for her contribution and support towards this editorial.

Farming and the geography of nutrient production for human use: a transdisciplinary analysis.

PubMed

Herrero, Mario; Thornton, Philip K; Power, Brendan; Bogard, Jessica R; Remans, Roseline; Fritz, Steffen; Gerber, James S; Nelson, Gerald; See, Linda; Waha, Katharina; Watson, Reg A; West, Paul C; Samberg, Leah H; van de Steeg, Jeannette; Stephenson, Eloise; van Wijk, Mark; Havlík, Petr

2017-04-01

Information about the global structure of agriculture and nutrient production and its diversity is essential to improve present understanding of national food production patterns, agricultural livelihoods, and food chains, and their linkages to land use and their associated ecosystems services. Here we provide a plausible breakdown of global agricultural and nutrient production by farm size, and also study the associations between farm size, agricultural diversity, and nutrient production. This analysis is crucial to design interventions that might be appropriately targeted to promote healthy diets and ecosystems in the face of population growth, urbanisation, and climate change. We used existing spatially-explicit global datasets to estimate the production levels of 41 major crops, seven livestock, and 14 aquaculture and fish products. From overall production estimates, we estimated the production of vitamin A, vitamin B 12 , folate, iron, zinc, calcium, calories, and protein. We also estimated the relative contribution of farms of different sizes to the production of different agricultural commodities and associated nutrients, as well as how the diversity of food production based on the number of different products grown per geographic pixel and distribution of products within this pixel (Shannon diversity index [ H ]) changes with different farm sizes. Globally, small and medium farms (≤50 ha) produce 51-77% of nearly all commodities and nutrients examined here. However, important regional differences exist. Large farms (>50 ha) dominate production in North America, South America, and Australia and New Zealand. In these regions, large farms contribute between 75% and 100% of all cereal, livestock, and fruit production, and the pattern is similar for other commodity groups. By contrast, small farms (≤20 ha) produce more than 75% of most food commodities in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, south Asia, and China. In Europe, west Asia and north Africa, and central America, medium-size farms (20-50 ha) also contribute substantially to the production of most food commodities. Very small farms (≤2 ha) are important and have local significance in sub-Saharan Africa, southeast Asia, and south Asia, where they contribute to about 30% of most food commodities. The majority of vegetables (81%), roots and tubers (72%), pulses (67%), fruits (66%), fish and livestock products (60%), and cereals (56%) are produced in diverse landscapes ( H >1·5). Similarly, the majority of global micronutrients (53-81%) and protein (57%) are also produced in more diverse agricultural landscapes ( H >1·5). By contrast, the majority of sugar (73%) and oil crops (57%) are produced in less diverse ones ( H ≤1·5), which also account for the majority of global calorie production (56%). The diversity of agricultural and nutrient production diminishes as farm size increases. However, areas of the world with higher agricultural diversity produce more nutrients, irrespective of farm size. Our results show that farm size and diversity of agricultural production vary substantially across regions and are key structural determinants of food and nutrient production that need to be considered in plans to meet social, economic, and environmental targets. At the global level, both small and large farms have key roles in food and nutrition security. Efforts to maintain production diversity as farm sizes increase seem to be necessary to maintain the production of diverse nutrients and viable, multifunctional, sustainable landscapes. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, CGIAR Research Programs on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security and on Agriculture for Nutrition and Health funded by the CGIAR Fund Council, Daniel and Nina Carasso Foundation, European Union, International Fund for Agricultural Development, Australian Research Council, National Science Foundation, Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation, and Joint Programming Initiative on Agriculture, Food Security and Climate Change-Belmont Forum.

Obituary: Ernest Hurst Cherrington, Jr., 1909-1996

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Osterbrock, Donald E.

2003-12-01

Ernest H. Cherrington, Jr., a long-time member of the AAS, died in San Jose, California on 13 July 1996, following a long illness. He had a short but active career as a research astronomer at Perkins Observatory at Ohio Wesleyan University in Delaware, Ohio before World War II, in which he served as an officer in the Army Air Force. After the war ended he turned to full-time teaching and administration at the University of Akron, and then at Hood College in Frederick, Maryland. Ernest was born on 10 September 1909 in Westerville, Ohio, where his father, Ernest H. Cherrington, Sr., was a leader in the temperance movement and publisher of "American Issue", a Prohibitionist magazine. Ernest Jr.'s mother, Betty Clifford (née Denny) Cherrington, was a homemaker. He was an outstanding student in high school and at Ohio Wesleyan University, which he entered in 1927. The little university's Perkins Observatory with its 69-inch reflector, briefly the second largest telescope in the United States, had just been built and gone into operation. After graduating with a BA magna cum laude in astronomy in 1931, Ernest stayed on one more year and earned his MS with a thesis on the motion of material in the tail of Comet Morehouse, supervised by Nicholas T. Bobrovnikoff. In 1932 Ernest entered the University of California at Berkeley as a graduate student, with a one-year teaching assistantship in the Astronomical Department. This was followed by a two-year Lick Observatory Fellowship. In June 1933 he married Ann McAfee Naylor, who had been a classmate at Delaware High School and Ohio Wesleyan. Ernest did his PhD thesis on spectrophotometry of the Mg I b lines in the solar spectrum, using a high-resolution grating spectrograph on the Berkeley campus, designed by C. Donald Shane, his adviser. In this thesis, Ernest tested and improved the then current theory of strong absorption lines in stellar atmospheres. He also spent several short periods at Lick Observatory on Mount Hamilton, working in stellar spectroscopy with Joseph H. Moore. After earning his PhD in 1935, Ernest taught mathematics and astronomy for one year at Syracuse University, and then in 1936 returned to Ohio Wesleyan as an assistant astronomer and instructor in physics and astronomy. In 1940 he was promoted to assistant professor. He did good spectroscopic research on Be stars, especially a long study of the variations in the spectrum of γ Cas, an unusually active star of this class which he followed as it threw off several shells. It was a program well suited to the telescope, spectrograph, and site available to him. Ernest attended several meetings of the AAS, reported on his research in oral papers, and published them. However after America entered World War II he went into the Army Air Force in 1942, serving as a Captain in the Air Force Training Command. He had an important job directing ground training of officers, cadets, and enlisted men at various fields in California and New Mexico. After the war, although he could have returned to Perkins Observatory, he realized that the future was not hopeful for astronomical research there, and decided to switch to academic administration. He was at Centenary College, Louisiana for two years, 1946--48, and then went to the University of Akron as professor of astronomy and dean of the College of Liberal Arts from 1948 to 1960, then of its Graduate Division from 1960 to 1967. He loved teaching astronomy and continued to do so while holding these deanships. Ernest was a good writer, and he published several articles on astronomy and science in the "New York Times Sunday Magazine" and other mass-circulation magazines in those years. Ernest retired at Akron in 1967 but moved to Hood College in Frederick, Maryland, as professor of astronomy, a full-time teaching position with no administrative duties. Soon after arriving there he published "Exploring the Moon with Binoculars", a very popular book in the early days of the NASA program of lunar photography from unmanned space vehicles. All the ground-based photographs in his book came from Lick Observatory, most of them taken by Moore and Fred Chappell, with whom he had worked. About 1979 he retired from Hood College and he and his wife moved to San Jose, near the home of their surviving son, Robert N. Cherrington. Ernest was always a good family man, devoted to his wife and children. I met Ernest at his home in San Jose and interviewed him several times in preparation for the Lick centennial in 1988; he had warm memories of Lick and the Berkeley Astronomical Department. In 1984 he had updated his book to "Exploring the Moon through Binoculars and Small Telescopes", with additional photographs from lunar orbiting vehicles and one taken by Neil Armstrong of Buzz Aldrin on the moon's surface. Ernest's wife Ann died in 1988 and he followed her eight years later. There are about one hundred letters to, from, or about Ernest, written in the years 1931 to 1948, in the Mary Lea Shane Archives of the Lick Observatory, McHenry Library, University of California. These letters, his published papers and book, and Perkins Observatory annual reports, together with information provided by Robert N. Cherrington and my own notes and memories of conversations with Ernest and Ann formed the basis of this obituary article.

Obituary: Ian R. Bartky, 1934-2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dick, Steven J.

2009-01-01

Ian Robertson Bartky, a physical chemist who turned to history for his second career, died 18 December 2007 of complications from lung cancer. He was 73. In addition to his scientific career, he will be remembered for his meticulous research on the evolution of time systems, especially for his two books Selling the True Time: Nineteenth Century Timekeeping in America (Stanford University Press, 2000), and One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity (Stanford University Press, 2007). Ian was born on 15 March 1934 in Chicago, Illinois. He was the son of Walter Bartky, a Professor of Astronomy at the University of Chicago, and eventually its Dean of the Division of Physical Sciences. The elder Bartky's astronomy textbook, Highlights of Astronomy, published in 1935 and reprinted as late as 1964, includes a considerable discussion of time and standard meridians, which may have influenced Ian, even though his father died in 1958 at the age of 57 when Ian would have been only in his early 20s. Imbued with the love of science from his father, Ian graduated from Illinois Institute of Technology, and went on to obtain his doctorate in physical chemistry from the University of California Berkeley. He mentor was Nobelist William F. Giauque, and Ian always spoke fondly of Giauque's influence in setting rigorous standards that Ian followed when he joined the National Bureau of Standards [NBS] in 1961. Ian spent most of his career there, and it was there that he acquired his professional interest in time, notably when the House Commerce Committee asked him in the mid-1970s to determine whether the dates of Daylight Saving Time should be extended. This resulted in an NBS report in 1976, which concluded that any energy savings would be miniscule. With his usual attention to detail, Ian researched the entire history of the problem, and thus acquired his second great love after science--history. With Elizabeth Harrison he published a well-known article on the issues involved with Daylight Saving Time in Scientific American for 1979. My first interaction with Ian was leading up to the 150th anniversary of the United States Naval Observatory [USNO] in December 1980. While working on an article for Sky and Telescope on the early history of the Naval Observatory, I ran across documents in the National Archives from England proposing that the Navy's new Depot of Charts and Instruments--forerunner of the Observatory--erect a time ball as had been done in Portsmouth England in 1829. Ian had been in the National Archives working on the history of time. When I mentioned this 1829 document, he said it was impossible, because the first time ball in the world was in 1833 at Greenwich, England. But the documents told the story, and this Eureka moment led to our article in the Journal for the History of Astronomy (volume 12, October 1981), on the world's first time ball. This was to the considerable chagrin of the staff at Greenwich, who thought they had the world's first time ball, and who still ceremonially drop one at 1 PM local time. Ian went on to write the history of time balls for the Naval Observatory's sesquicentennial symposium at the end of 1980, as published in Sky with Ocean Joined. We then collaborated on another article for JHA (volume 13, February 1982) on the history of the first North American time ball, dropped at the USNO beginning in 1845. Time balls and Daylight Saving Time were only a small part of Ian's interest in time as he began to untangle the many issues involved in the history of timekeeping and time dissemination. His book Selling the True Time is a model of scholarship, and with it Ian proved to have that rare combination--a scientist with deep technical knowledge who could also ask and answer profound historical questions. He also had a keen appreciation of the role of human nature in history, always looking for the motivations for particular historical actions. Ian was proud to have the book published by Stanford University Press. When Stanford also published his final book One Time Fits All: The Campaigns for Global Uniformity, he was very proud of the glowing endorsement from Peter Galison, one of the country's foremost historians of science. With this book Ian also became the world's expert on the International Date Line, time zones, and standard time, among other aspects of time. Ian's historical work was supported by the National Science Foundation, the Dudley Observatory, and the National Maritime Museum of the Royal Observatory at Greenwich, where his work was highly regarded. He was active in many professional organizations, including the Historical Astronomy Division of the American Astronomical Society. On 29 March 2008 almost exactly 50 years after the death of his father, a memorial service was held in the library of the U. S. Naval Observatory, which had become Ian's second home during his researches, often accompanied by his wife Betty, to whom he dedicated his last book, calling her his "steadfast partner in this endeavor." The service, entitled "The Time of His Life: A Celebration of Research in the Development of Standard Timekeeping," included remarks by numerous colleagues and friends, surrounded by the books he so loved. Ian is survived by his wife of 47 years, Elizabeth Hodgins Bartky of Bethesda, Maryland, a son David J. Bartky, and a daughter Anne B. Goldberg.

Message from the Editor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stambaugh, Ronald D.

2014-01-01

This last year being an odd numbered year, the pages of Nuclear Fusion saw a large influx of expanded papers from the 2012 Fusion Energy Conference in San Diego. Many papers have focused on the scientific and technical challenges posed by ITER. Contributions are steadily increasing from the new superconducting tokamaks in Asia. The ITER Project continues to move ahead. Construction at the Cadarache site is quite remarkable. Buildings completed include the huge Poloidal Field Coils Winding Facility and the Headquarters building, which has been occupied by the ITER staff. Work is progressing on the Assembly building and the Cryostat Workshop. The base of the tokamak complex is being laid. Besides the construction that is taking place and will take place at the site, components from around the world have to navigate the complex route from Marseilles to the site. A test convoy replicating the dimensions and weights of the most exceptional ITER loads successfully traversed that route in 2013. We are pleased to report that the IAEA and ITER have finalized the agreement for ITER authors to publish papers in Nuclear Fusion . Nuclear Fusion is proud to continue its key role in providing the leading forum for the documentation of scientific progress and exchange of research results internationally toward fusion energy. Refereeing The Nuclear Fusion editorial office appreciates greatly the effort made by our referees to sustain the high quality of the journal. Since January 2005, we have been offering the most active referees over the past year a personal subscription to Nuclear Fusion with electronic access for one year, free of charge. We have excluded our Board Members, Guest Editors of special editions and those referees who were already listed in previous years. The following people have been selected: J.M. Canik, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, USA I.T. Chapman, Culham Centre for Fusion Energy, UK L.-G. Eriksson, Commission of the European Communities, Belgium T. Evans, General Atomics, USA A. Hassanein, Purdue University, USA Y.-M. Jeon, National Fusion Research Institute, Spain S. Kajita, Nagoya University, Japan T.P. Kiviniemi, Aalto University, Finland R.M. More, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, USA F. Sattin, Associazione Euratom-ENEA-CNR, Italy J.A. Snipes, ITER Organization, France W. Suttrop, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics-Garching, Germany F.L. Tabares, Energy Environment and Technology Research Centre, Spain Y. Ueda, Osaka University, Japan V.S. Voitsenya, Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Ukraine G. Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Hefei Institutes of Physical Sciences, People's Republic of China In addition, there is a group of several hundred referees who have helped us in the past year to maintain the high scientific standard of Nuclear Fusion . At the end of this issue we give the full list of all referees for 2013. Our thanks to them! We also wish to express our thanks to Paul Thomas, who served as Guest Editor for the special issue of the overview and summary reports from the 24th Fusion Energy Conference in San Diego, October 2012. This issue is of great value as a summary of the major developments worldwide in fusion research in the last two years. Authors The winner of the 2013 Nuclear Fusion Award is D.G. Whyte for the paper: I-mode: an H-mode energy confinement regime with L-mode particle transport in Alcator C-Mod [1], and we congratulate him and coauthors on this achievement. We also note special topic papers published in 2013: Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendestein 7-X by H.S. Bosch et al [2], Power requirements for electron cyclotron current drive and ion cyclotron resonance heating for sawtooth control in ITER by I.T. Chapman et al [3] and IFMIF: overview of the validation activities by J. Knaster et al [4]. The Board of Editors The Board of Editors has had a substantial turnover in members. For their great service to the journal, we wish to thank the following outgoing Board Members whose term of service was reached at the end of 2012: Keith Burrell, Atsushi Fukuyama, Guenter Janeschitz, Myeun Kwon, Alberto Loarte, Derek Stork, Tony Taylor and Kazuo Toi. We welcome the new Board Members who have joined the Board from the start of 2013: Pietro Barabaschi, Riccardo Betti, Rich Callis, Wonho Choi, Yasuaki Kishimoto, Joaquin Sánchez, Paul Thomas, Mickey Wade, Howard Wilson, Hiroshi Yamada and Steve Zinkle. We look forward to working with the Board to maintain the high standing of Nuclear Fusion . The Nuclear Fusion office and IOP Publishing Just as the journal depends on the authors, referees, and Board of Editors, so its success is also due to the tireless and largely unsung efforts of the IAEA Nuclear Fusion office in Vienna and IOP Publishing in Bristol. I would like to express my personal thanks to the team for the support that they have given to me, the authors and the referees. Season's greetings I would like to wish our readers, authors, referees, Board of Editors, and Vienna and Bristol office staff season's greetings and thank them for their contributions to Nuclear Fusion in 2013. References [1] Whyte D.G. et al 2010 I-mode: an H-mode energy confinement regime with L-mode particle transport in Alcator C-Mod Nucl. Fusion 50 105005 [2] Bosch H.-S. et al 2013 Technical challenges in the construction of the steady-state stellarator Wendelstein 7-X Nucl. Fusion 53 126001 [3] Chapman I.T. et al 2013 Power requirements for electron cyclotron current drive and ion cyclotron resonance heating for sawtooth control in ITER Nucl. Fusion 53 066001 [4] Knaster J. et al 2013 IFMIF: overview of the validation activities Nucl. Fusion 53 116001

Obituary: Donald Alexander Macrae, 1916-2006

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seaquist, E. R.

2007-12-01

With the passing of Donald Alexander MacRae on 6 December 2006 at age 90, the astronomy community lost a visionary scientist and a great educator in the field. Don MacRae was born in Halifax, Nova Scotia, on 19 February 1916, to Donald Alexander and Laura Geddes (Barnstead) MacRae. His father was originally a classics scholar and preceptor of Greek and Latin at Princeton, but at the time of Don's birth in 1916 he was Dean of the Dalhousie Law School in Halifax. The family moved to Toronto, Ontario, in 1924 when his father joined the faculty of Osgoode Hall Law School in Toronto as a Professor of Law. After the family moved to Toronto, where he received most of his early education, he obtained his undergraduate degree in Mathematics and Physics in 1937 from the University of Toronto (U of T). He obtained the degree of A.M. in 1940 and of Ph.D. in 1943 from Harvard University under the mentorship of Bart Bok in the field of galactic structure. During his early career he worked briefly at the University of Pennsylvania, Cornell University, and Carbide and Chemical Corporation at Oak Ridge, Tennessee. For Don the latter work was a brief and somewhat uneasy association with the Manhattan Project. In 1946, he obtained a position at Case Institute of Technology (now Case Western Reserve University), where he worked until 1953. In 1953, he accepted a position at the U of T, replacing Ralph Williamson, who had earlier introduced Don to the emerging field of radio astronomy while they both were at Cornell. Don's primary research field was stellar spectroscopy, but his interests were much broader than this, and he possessed an abiding ability to interest students and faculty in new and emerging ideas. In the early 1960s he developed a strong interest in the nature and origin of the lunar surface, and discussed these extensively with colleagues. Many of his ideas on this subject were later confirmed by the lunar exploration program. Don's continuing interest in radio astronomy led him to introduce this subject area into the Toronto graduate research and teaching curriculum. In collaboration with the Department of Electrical Engineering, he established a radio astronomy observing site at the U of T's David Dunlap Observatory (DDO) in 1956. This was at a time when few astronomers took this subject seriously. The DDO work led to the precise determination of the absolute flux density of Cas A at 320 MHz, a radiometric standard as important today as it was when it was reported in 1963. On behalf of the University of Toronto, he subsequently participated in radio astronomy activity at the National Research Council's (NRC's) new Algonquin Radio Observatory in Algonquin Park. The radio astronomy program that Don established was an early stimulus for the first successful experiment in Very Long Baseline Interferometry in 1967, a collaboration among the University of Toronto, Queen's University, and NRC. As a teacher, Don was highly regarded by his students, whom he engaged with his characteristic wit and frequent anecdotes. His lectures always were well prepared and organized, and endowed with an underlying belief that the ideas and principles of physics were most easily understood by applying them first to the stars. As an innovative teacher, he was the first professor at Toronto to teach computer programming at the university, recognizing early that students would need such skills in their scientific careers. Similarly, he was a strong advocate for public outreach. He was featured in the Oscar-nominated short film "Universe" produced in 1960 by the National Film Board of Canada. He also was instrumental in the establishment of the McLaughlin Planetarium, which opened in Toronto in October 1968. In honor of his strong record in education, the U of T established an undergraduate scholarship in Don's name in 2003 to reward promising undergraduates in the astronomy program. In 1965, Don became Head of the Department and Director of the DDO, and continued in these positions for thirteen years. During this period, he presided over a major expansion of the Department, which made it the major center of astronomical activity in Canada. This included the establishment in 1971 of a 24-inch telescope at the site of the Carnegie Southern Observatory at Las Campanas, Chile. The clear weather and excellent seeing conditions at Las Campanas attracted many graduate students to study astronomy at the U of T. It was also used by many astronomers from other institutions. Don MacRae was an active participant in the establishment of national observing facilities for all Canadian astronomers. He supported the establishment the Algonquin Radio Observatory in the 1960s to serve the growing community in the emerging field of radio astronomy. He participated in the planning and development of the Canada-France-Hawaii-Telescope (CFHT) on Mauna Kea, Hawaii, in the 1970s, and served as one of four Canadian astronomers on the Board of the CFHT Corporation from 1973 to 1979. He was appointed as Board Chair in 1978 for the last year of his term. During the 1970s Don was elected to the Board of Trustees of the Universities Space Research Association (USRA), dedicated to promoting cooperation between NASA and North American universities. He served as USRA Board Chair in 1973. Don was also an active member of the AAS since 1943, and served as AAS Councilor from 1963-1966. Although Don retired in 1982 and was appointed Professor Emeritus in the Department, he continued his interest in departmental activity for many years after. During the 45 years I knew Don, both as his graduate student 1961-1966, and later as one of his colleagues, I shared with his friends and associates an enduring respect for his wisdom, generosity, sense of humor, powers of observation, and rigorous attention to accuracy and detail. He maintained an abiding ambition to create a leading department and to help in establishing a world-renowned astronomical community in Canada. His legacy is that he succeeded in both areas. Don enjoyed a life-long interest in photography, carpentry and woodworking. In retirement, he spent a great deal of time on family genealogy. He possessed a strong "do-it-yourself" philosophy, manifested for example in clearing land and building a cottage on Georgian Bay, a family project during his younger years. Don died in Toronto of natural causes. He is survived by his older sister Jean Borden, and his three sons David, Charles, and Andrew. Don's wife Betty predeceased him by about one year. He is also survived by his four granddaughters and two grandsons, in all of whom he delighted, as well as nieces and nephews who were particularly dear to him.

EDITORIAL: From reciprocal space to real space in surface science From reciprocal space to real space in surface science

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bartels, Ludwig; Ernst, Karl-Heinz

2012-09-01

This issue is dedicated to Karl-Heinz Rieder on the occasion of his 70th birthday. It contains contributions written by his former students and colleagues from all over the world. Experimental techniques based on free electrons, such as photoelectron spectroscopy, electron microscopy and low energy electron diffraction (LEED), were foundational to surface science. While the first revealed the band structures of materials, the second provided nanometer scale imagery and the latter elucidated the atomic scale periodicity of surfaces. All required an (ultra-)high vacuum, and LEED illustrated impressively that adsorbates, such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen or oxygen, can markedly and periodically restructure surfaces from their bulk termination, even at pressures ten orders of magnitude or more below atmospheric. Yet these techniques were not generally able to reveal atomic scale surface defects, nor could they faithfully show adsorption of light atoms such as hydrogen. Although a complete atom, helium can also be regarded as a wave with a de Broglie wavelength that allows the study of surface atomic periodicities at a delicateness and sensitivity exceeding that of electrons-based techniques. In combination, these and other techniques generated insight into the periodicity of surfaces and their vibrational properties, yet were limited to simple and periodic surface setups. All that changed with the advent of scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) roughly 30 years ago, allowing real space access to surface defects and individual adsorbates. Applied at low temperatures, not only can STM establish a height profile of surfaces, but can also perform spectroscopy and serve as an actuator capable of rearranging individual species at atomic scale resolution. The direct and intuitive manner in which STM provided access as a spectator and as an actor to the atomic scale was foundational to today's surface science and to the development of the concepts of nanoscience in general. The cover image of this issue honors this achievement. It shows 27 chiral heptahelicene molecules arranged by one of the guest editors (KHE) with the very same STM at IBM Almaden Research Center, San José that was used for moving xenon atoms more than 20 years ago. Karl-Heinz Rieder's career, as briefly outlined in the biography by G Benedek in this issue, reflected this paradigm shift in surface science from reciprocal to real space investigations: initially focusing on helium scattering as a superior technique for the investigation of delicate surfaces, his group at the Freie University in Berlin became the second in the world to rearrange atoms and molecules at surfaces in a controlled way and they generated much of the foundational work of low temperature STM investigations. Besides his saxophone skills and many other hobbies, Karl-Heinz is a real poet and loves composing funny limericks and spoonerisms. He wrote the following poem (passed on to us by W-D Schneider) at the International School of Solid State Physics in 1998 in Erice, Italy. It is a real masterpiece, beautifully summarizing us all, the 'Surface Science Society'. The top atom sheetSome become real slaves is important and neat.looking at standing waves. Therefore there is a strong raceThe producers of coatings in the science of surface.get really good quotings. To clean it you needStill others use new ways ions and heat.with electrons and x-rays. Then the atoms arrangeAnd all has to be in some ways that are strange,in good UHV—except theory, they relax, reconstructwhich thinks on extensions as a matter of fact.to still lower dimensions, And reacting with gasesand with lots of computing they form quite new phasestries to get solid footing. with large unit cellsSo everybody with joy as diffraction tells.plays his own special toy. Some people use lightAnd all think they are better from a synchrotron brightshould get published a letter. and claim it is bestBut before there's more cluster to do this in Triest.let's finish—aus basta Some move atoms around to hear how they sound.Karl-Heinz Rieder, Erice, 6 April 1998 From reciprocal space to real space in surface science contents From reciprocal space to real space in surface scienceLudwig Bartels and Karl-Heinz Ernst Karl-Heinz Reider: the quiet pioneerGiorgio Benedek Scattering of CO and N2 molecules by a graphite surfaceJunepyo Oh, Takahiro Kondo, Keitaro Arakawa, Yoshihiko Saito, Junji Nakamura, W W Hayes and J R Manson Helium, neon and argon diffraction from Ru(0001)M Minniti, C Díaz, J L Fernández Cuñado, A Politano, D Maccariello, F Martín, D Farías and R Miranda Enhanced charge transfer in a monolayer of the organic charge transfer complex TTF-TNAP on Au(111)T R Umbach, I Fernandez-Torrente, J N Ladenthin, J I Pascual and K J Franke Extended pattern recognition scheme for self-learning kinetic Monte Carlo simulationsSyed Islamuddin Shah, Giridhar Nandipati, Abdelkader Kara and Talat S Rahman Acetylene on Cu(111): imaging a molecular surface arrangement with a constantly rearranging tipYeming Zhu, Jonathan Wyrick, Kamelia D Cohen, Katie Marie Magnone, Connor Holzke, Daniel Salib, Quan Ma, Dezheng Sun and Ludwig Bartels Coulomb attraction during the carpet growth mode of NaClFriederike Matthaei, Sarah Heidorn, Konrad Boom, Cord Bertram, Ali Safiei, Jörg Henzl and Karina Morgenstern Molecular self-assembly on an insulating surface: interplay between substrate templating and intermolecular interactionsMarkus Kittelmann, Philipp Rahe and Angelika Kühnle Vertical manipulation of native adatoms on the InAs(111)A surfaceJ Yang, C Nacci, J Martínez-Blanco, K Kanisawa and S Fölsch Charge transfer between isomer domains on n+-doped Si(111)-2 × 1: energetic stabilizationR M Feenstra, G Bussetti, B Bonanni, A Violante, C Goletti, P Chiaradia, M G Betti and C Mariani Probing the properties of metal-oxide interfaces: silica films on Mo and Ru supportsLeonid Lichtenstein, Markus Heyde, Stefan Ulrich, Niklas Nilius and Hans-Joachim Freund Mapping the first electronic resonances of a Cu phthalocyanine STM tunnel junctionW-H Soe, C Manzano, H S Wong and C Joachim Epitaxial Bi allotropes on quasicrystal surfaces as templates for adsorption of pentacene and fullereneH R Sharma, J A Smerdon, K M Young and R McGrath Island formation and manipulation of prochiral azobenzene derivatives on Au(111)Sofia Selvanathan, Maike V Peters, Stefan Hecht and Leonhard Grill

Obituary: Kenneth Ingvard Greisen, 1918-2007

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Greisen, Eric W.

2007-12-01

Cornell University Emeritus Professor of Physics, Kenneth I. Greisen, died on March 17, 2007 of cancer at the Hospicare residence in Ithaca, New York. He was 89 years old. Prof. Greisen was well-known for his participation in the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos and for his many contributions to the study of cosmic ray physics. More quietly, Prof. Greisen also made significant contributions to the teaching of Physics at the high school and university levels. He was of service to the Cornell and Ithaca communities in many ways both during his university career and after his retirement. Kenneth Ingvard Greisen was born in Perth Amboy, New Jersey, on January 24, 1918, to Signa and Ingvard Greisen. Ken attended Wagner College 1934-1935 and then Franklin and Marshall College, where he ran on the track team and graduated summa cum laude with the prestigious Henry S. Williamson Medalist award in 1938. Ken then entered graduate school in physics at Cornell University, where he became the first American student of the eminent Italian physicist Bruno B. Rossi. Together they carried out a study that yielded quantitative verification of the relativistic dilation of time intervals and an improved estimate of the mean life of mesotrons at rest. Their review article on ``Cosmic Ray Theory'' in 1941 was a standard for many years. Ken's Ph.D. thesis entitled ``Intensity of Cosmic Rays at Low Altitude and the Origin of the Soft Component,'' along with related articles, appeared in 1942 and 1943. During this very productive period, Ken also married Betty Chase, a Cornell biology graduate student. Upon graduation, Ken joined the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico. He was among the leaders of the group that designed and built the explosive charge that initiated the nuclear reaction in the first atomic bomb. Witnessing the July 16, 1945 Trinity explosion, he provided an eyewitness account that has become an important historical record. After the explosion, in a remark typical of him, he is widely quoted as saying ``My God, it worked!'' Following the war, Ken, along with Hans Bethe and other scientists, sent a letter to the President strongly advocating only non-military use of nuclear research. Ken and family returned to Cornell University and Ithaca, where he remained, except for sabbatical periods, for the rest of his life. He spent the next years studying cosmic rays and the showers of particles produced by them in the atmosphere and various absorbers. An array of scintillators atop Cornell buildings allowed both the direction and intensity of air showers to be determined. Detectors 600m underground, in a salt mine near Ithaca, detected only mesons with sufficient energy to penetrate so much material. In summers, detectors at a range of altitudes from the bottom to the top of Mount Evans (Colorado) provided altitudinal studies of cosmic-ray air showers and attracted an article in Life magazine. In early 1966, Ken realized that cosmic ray protons at energies above 6 x 1019 eV will interact significantly with the extremely low energy photons of the Cosmic Microwave Background, which had recently been discovered. If the sources of such extremely high-energy cosmic rays are at cosmological distances, this interaction should cause a sharp cutoff in the cosmic ray spectrum. The effect has been named the GZK cutoff after Greisen's paper and an independent, slightly later paper by Georgi Zatsepin and Vadim Kuzmin. Ken's paper also predicted a small dip in the cosmic-ray spectrum at energies of 1018-1020 eV, due to pair production by the thermal photons. Cosmic rays of such high energies cause the Earth's atmosphere to fluoresce, making the Earth itself into a detector. Beginning in the early 1960s, Ken and his group developed instruments to measure this fluorescence and implemented them, in a "fly's eye" configuration, in the hills surrounding Ithaca. The concept was taken around 1970 to the clearer skies of Utah, where a University of Utah group has extended and improved on the Cornell ideas to create the High Resolution (HiRes) Fly's Eye detector. Two weeks before Ken's death, the Utah collaboration reported observations of the high-energy cosmic ray spectrum clearly showing the GZK cutoff as well as the predicted dip at lower energies. The Pierre Auger Observatory, currently nearing completion in Argentina, will also use fluorescence detectors as one of two methods of studying the high-energy end of the cosmic-ray spectrum. In the late 1960s, Ken's research interests extended to the field of gamma-ray astronomy. These led to a number of high-altitude balloon flights carrying large-area gamma-ray telescopes. One such flight found pulsed emission synchronous with the Crab Nebula NP0532, providing the first observation of high-energy gamma rays from a pulsar. As his studies became more astronomical in nature, Ken joined the AAS in 1966, and, in 1968, Ken was named to the AAS organizing committee that established the High Energy Astrophysics Division (HEAD) of the AAS. Ken was selected as HEAD's first Chair for 1970 and 1971. Ken was also on the organizing committee that helped establish IAU Commission 48 on High Energy Astrophysics, also in 1970. He was subsequently elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1974. Ken devoted much of his efforts to teaching. In the late 1950s, he contributed to the work of the Physical Sciences Study Committee at MIT, which was the source of the PSSC high-school physics curriculum. At Cornell, Ken developed and taught for many years a course fundamental to the preparation of students to be professional physicists. Beginning in 1969, he presided over a team from the Physics and Science Education Departments to completely redesign the teaching of introductory physics, producing an innovative, self-paced, auto-tutorial course that retains that format today. Ken regularly concerned himself with the overall structure of physics courses at Cornell, assigned himself early hours for his courses so that his students could take popular courses in other departments, and heavily supported the careers of those faculty members who distinguished themselves as teachers. Ken served on many national committees, was university Ombudsman 1975-1977, was Chairman of the Astronomy Department 1976-1979, and was Dean of the Faculty 1978-1983. He was granted an Emeritus professorship in 1984 and retired in 1986. The affection his colleagues felt for Ken was perhaps best illustrated when a Japanese Post-Doc and life-long friend named his first child Kenichi. Comments received at his death emphasized his ``great competence'' as a scientist; his kindness, generosity, and concern for his students; and his ``thoughtful human values'' and ``great integrity'' as a ``man of character.'' Ken loved music, attending many concerts, playing flute and recorder, and singing in church and senior choirs. He greatly enjoyed hiking, boating, golf, and other outdoor activities, including, in his retirement years, the bicycle and month-long vacations in Kauai and Florida. Ken viewed retirement as a reason to leave university life behind, but not to cease providing service to those about him who needed help. In retirement, Ken volunteered in a variety of activities to assist those less fortunate than himself. In his later years, he engaged in a nearly daily ``hobby'' of writing checks to numerous charities. Ken was preceded in death by his parents, younger brother Sigurd Greisen, older sister Agnita Dupree, first wife of 34 years Elizabeth Chase Greisen, second wife of 20 years Helen Wiltberger Greisen, and stepson Bruce Wiltberger. He is survived by his long-time companion Tommie Bryant of Ithaca; daughter Kathryn Greisen of Columbus, Ohio; son Eric Greisen of Socorro, New Mexico; step children Heather Wiltberger of Marshall, Virginia, Paul Wiltberger of Arlington, Washington, and Lois Wiltberger of Arlington, Massachusetts; and several step-grandchildren.

Obituary: Philip M. Solomon, 1939-2008

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scoville, Nick

2009-01-01

Philip Solomon, one of the pioneers and leading researchers in molecular astrophysics, died on 30 April 2008 at his apartment on the upper west side of Manhattan after a battle with cancer. His pioneering research included both theoretical and very extensive observational studies of stellar atmospheres, interstellar molecules, high redshift galaxies, and the Earth's stratosphere. Phil was Distinguished Professor at The State University of New York [SUNY], Stony Brook, where he had been since 1974. Phil was born on 29 March 1939 in Manhattan, New York City, to Nat and Betty Solomon. Nat Solomon was a labor organizer and a printer. Phil attended the University of Wisconsin, where he received his BS in 1959 and where he met his future wife Sheila who was studying art. His Ph.D., "On the Role of Light Molecules in Astrophysics," was also from the University of Wisconsin under the guidance of Art Code and Bob Bless. After postdoctoral positions at Princeton and lectureships at Columbia and the University of California, San Diego, Phil spent two years as a Professor at the University of Minnesota. After two years at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton, he came to SUNY, Stony Brook, as Professor of Astronomy in the Department of Earth and Space Sciences. In 1988 Phil was selected as a Humboldt Senior Distinguished Scientist, and, in 1999, he was honored with the rank of Distinguished Professor at SUNY. Phil took sabbatical and other leaves at Churchill College and the Institute of Astronomy, Cambridge; the Institute for Advanced Study; l'Ecole Normale Superieure, Paris; Institut d'Astrophysique, Paris; and the Institut de Radioastronomie Millimetrique [IRAM], France. Phil published more than 160 papers and supervised seven Ph.D. students. He served on numerous review, visiting, and advisory panels. Phil's first theoretical research focused on opacity and abundance of light molecules such as H2, CO, and CN in stellar atmospheres, but then shifted quickly to the formation, excitation, and astrophysics of interstellar molecules, which had just been discovered in the late 1960s. In 1969, Phil and Chandra Wickramasinghe were among the first to suggest that the denser interstellar clouds, which were deficient in atomic hydrogen, were principally molecular hydrogen with the H2 formed on the surface of cold dust grains and protected from dissociating UV by a self-shielding H2 layer at the cloud surface. With L. Lucy, Phil then developed the radiative transfer and mass-loss mechanism operative in hot OB star winds and QSOs--where the radiative momentum is absorbed in resonance lines of ions. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, the detection and mapping of interstellar molecules moved rapidly from the early discoveries of maser emission in H2O and OH to the thermal emission lines of simple molecules like CO, CN, CS, and HCN, to more complex species containing up to thirteen atoms. Phil was a major force in pushing these new detections and in using the thermal emission as astrophysical probes. This explosive growth of spectroscopic detections occurred primarily as a result of Phil's collaborations with A. Penzias, K. Jefferts, R. Wilson, and P. Thaddeus, along with other competing groups using the NRAO 36-foot telescope at Kitt Peak. This was a most exciting period with the mm-wave window finally accessible to spectroscopy and each observing run on the telescope typically yielded one or two new detections. Phil was probably the one most responsible for providing the astrophysical motivation to push the technology towards mm-wavelengths. He clearly elucidated the fact that high densities were required for the thermal excitation of the higher dipole moment molecules such CS and HCN--at the same time pointing out, for the first time, the critical role of line photon trapping in the optically thick lines. In collaboration with N. Scoville and D. Sanders, Phil initiated the early surveys of CO emission from the Milky Way molecular gas. They first pointed out that the molecular gas resides largely in self-gravitating clouds (not in pressure equilibrium with the diffuse atomic and ionized gas) and coined the term Giant Molecular Clouds. They also discovered that the molecular gas had a Galactic distribution very different from the atomic gas--a massive central concentration within 300 pc of the Galactic center and the molecular cloud "ring" at 4 to 8 kpc radius. Throughout this work, he clearly elucidated the astrophysical importance of the dense molecular clouds as the sites of virtually all star formation. During this period, Phil, in collaboration with W. Klemperer, provided important theoretical insight into the formation of simple diatomic molecules via gas-phase charge exchange reactions. As the sensitivity of mm-wave receivers improved, Phil extended the observations of CO and HCN emission first to nearby galaxies in collaboration with J. Barrett and L. Sage and then to higher luminosity, more-distant objects with Y. Gao, D. Downes, and P. Vanden Bout. Solomon and Gao very significantly showed that for the most luminous infrared galaxies, the infrared luminosities were linearly proportional to the amount of dense, star-forming gas (as traced by HCN) and hence, they argued, that the source of luminosity could be entirely star formation rather than quasar activity. With Downes, Phil was introduced to mm-wave interferometry (at last, I should say, since he was basically a single-dish astronomer at heart), and they were among the first to produce high-resolution images of the most luminous infrared galaxies. Phil's most recent work, in collaboration with Vanden Bout, Carilli, and Maddalena to detect CO and HCN from the highest redshift galaxies was on-going, but resulted in a recent Annual Reviews paper that provides a forward look to the future of this field. Phil also realized that mm-wave spectroscopy could be used for remote sensing of the terrestrial stratosphere to trace the abundance of ClO and hence monitor the ozone layer depletion. This work, in collaboration with R. deZafra, J. Barrett, and A. Parrish, led to their setting up remote, automated observing systems in Antarctica and in Hawaii; these efforts continued over twenty years up to the present. For those of us who collaborated with Phil, he will be greatly missed. Phil had a keen sense for interesting and significant science; he had a real enthusiasm for discovery; and he enjoyed the competition of forefront scientific research where recognition of significance was vital but where discussion of interpretation was rational, albeit with strong argument. The pleasure of an observing run with Phil was supreme due to his enthusiasm and focus on the astrophysics; these runs also were creative since if the original plans did not quite pan out, he was always ready to modify the observations to take advantage of what one learned from the data coming into the telescope. Often this resulted in much better science--in contrast to the current paradigm with fixed observing programs and queue observing. Phil was also a major presence at scientific meetings giving stimulating talks and provoking challenging discussions. Phil is survived by his wife Sheila, daughter Nina, son-in-law John, granddaughter Sarah, and brother Mark.

Obituary: Hans Albrecht Bethe, 1906-2005

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wijers, Ralph

2007-12-01

One of the unquestioned giants of physics and astrophysics, Hans Bethe, died on 6 March 2005, at the venerable age of 98, in his home town of Ithaca, New York. Seven decades of contributing to research and a Nobel Prize for his work on stellar hydrogen burning make a listing of his honors superfluous (besides being impossible in this space). Bethe was born in Strassburg, in then German Alsass Lothringen, on 2 July 1906. His father, Albrecht Julius Bethe (1872-1954), taught physiology at the University, and his mother, Anna Kuhn (1876-1966), was a musician and writer. Both his grandfathers were physicians. He spent his youth in Strassburg, Kiel, and Frankfurt, and some time in sanatoria due to tuberculosis. Hans's first scientific paper, at age 18, was with his father and a colleague, on dialysis. His education and early career in Germany brought him into contact with many top stars in the quantum revolution. Starting in Frankfurt in chemistry, Bethe soon switched to physics, taught there by Walter Gerlach and Karl Meissner, among others. In 1926, he successfully applied to join Arnold Sommerfeld's group in Munich, where he met one of his later long-term collaborators, Rudolf Peierls. Bethe considered his entry into physics to have come at an ideal time, with the new ideas of wave mechanics being developed and discussed right there; it was certainly also at an ideal place. His doctoral thesis was on the theory of electron diffraction by crystals, following the experimental work by Clinton Davisson and Lester Germer and the work on X-ray diffraction by Max von Laue and Paul Ewald. The newly minted doctor went from there briefly to Frankfurt and then to Ewald in Stuttgart, where he felt at home academically and personally. In 1939, Bethe would marry Ewald's daughter Rose. Not much later, though, Sommerfeld recalled him to Munich, where Sommerfeld created a Privatdozent position for him. There he worked out the solution for a linear chain of coupled spins by what we now call the "Bethe Ansatz." Soon after his acceptance of an assistant professorship at Tübingen in 1932, he had to flee Hitler's Germany because his mother was Jewish. Bethe went to the Bragg Institute in Manchester, England, where he worked again with Peierls. In 1934, Cornell University unexpectedly offered him a position as part of R. Clifton Gibbs's expansion of the physics department; he accepted and stayed there for the rest of his life. Right from the start, Bethe enjoyed America and its atmosphere very much. His first activity there was to write the "Bethe Bible": three articles in Reviews of Modern Physics to educate his colleagues in theoretical nuclear physics. Then he did the work that astrophysicists will still appreciate him most for, and which brought him the 1967 Nobel Prize. Having worked with George Gamow's student Charles Critchfield (at Gamow's suggestion) on the proton-proton chain for nuclear fusion in the Sun (published in 1938), Bethe was initially a bit discouraged with Arthur Eddington's estimates of the Solar core temperature; their calculations did not agree well with the observed solar luminosity. However, at the Washington conference in 1937, he heard of Strömgren's new estimates of the solar interior, which brought his and Critchfield's theory into much better agreement with the data. Fairly soon after the meeting, Bethe also worked out the process whereby more massive stars must accomplish hydrogen fusion, in what we now call the CNO cycle. Curiously, Bethe held up its publication briefly in order to compete for a prize for the best unpublished paper on energy production in stars. He did win, and used the money in part to bring his mother to the United States; eventually, the paper appeared in Physics Review in 1939, and founded a whole branch of astrophysics. The war brought Bethe to the Manhattan project, of which he became one of the intellectual leaders. He ploughed through problems theoretical and practical by attacking them head-on and not allowing himself to be side-tracked by those who would deem the problem be much more complex and difficult, moving straight forward like an intellectual battleship ("The H.A. Bethe Way," as his collaborator Gerald E. Brown would dub the style). Bethe's involvement in the Project brought to light his abilities in the managerial and political arena, which he used later to much effect to influence the wider world; he was among those who fought hard during the Cold War to contain the impact of the terrible weapons he had helped invent. As his two children, Henry and Monica, were born, the war years also made him a family man. As his father did with him, he often took them on long walks, in the hills around Ithaca or further afield; he much enjoyed walking, and mountains. Just after the war, during and following the June 1947 Shelter Island Conference, Bethe made another of his great contributions to physics—some might say his greatest. The experiments by Willis Lamb and Robert Retherford, on what came to be known as the "Lamb shift," were discussed, and during the meeting the assembled crowd (Richard Feynman, Julian Schwinger, and Hendrick Kramers among them) got stuck on the infinities of QED. During the train ride home, Bethe managed to compute the correct answer by realizing that the complex QED machinery could be bypassed, the H.A. Bethe Way. His 1967 Nobel Prize spurred a brief revival of Bethe's interest in astrophysics, but his work in the following years continued to focus on nuclear physics and dense matter (and disarmament and nuclear power, of course). In 1978 he re-entered astrophysics with a bang: Bethe was losing interest in nuclear physics and, after a few years of trying, Gerry Brown lured him back to astrophysics during a stay at the Nordic Institute for Theoretical Physics (NORDITA). The refugee from Hitler and the refugee from McCarthy jointly attacked the problem of supernova collapse. Bethe had the crucial insight that the low entropy of massive stellar cores would cause them to collapse to well above nuclear density, contrary to prevailing opinion. With James Applegate and James Lattimer, they published their finding in the BBAL ('"babble") paper of 1979. After that, astrophysics never quite left Bethe again, and with Brown (his "junior collaborator"), he took an interest in the fate of massive stars and black holes more generally. The series of papers on formation of black holes, gamma-ray bursts, and gravity-wave sources continued until close to his death. These papers are done very much the H.A. Bethe Way, often finding simple approximations to much more complicated work of others, and are quite straightforward. An inevitable part of the Bethe-Brown collaboration was a January stay in California; during the 1999 edition I had the good fortune of becoming a small footnote to the great Bethe story. Gerry and Hans invited me to join them for a while, to discuss issues of binary star evolution and population synthesis. I have to admit to being rather taken aback by the way in which the 93-year old gave me a good intellectual runaround every day. And yet, as many others have commented, there was nothing facetious or overbearing in his manner: He made me feel like a valuable colleague and welcome guest. Good meals were an essential part of Hans's every day, and during a dinner prepared by Rose Bethe and Betty Brown, the old stories surfaced. I could not resist asking about the legendary story of Rose and Hans's evening walk under the stars. Hans, so says the story, tried to impress his fiancée by commenting that at that moment, he was probably the only person on Earth who understood why the stars shine. Hans grinned a bit sheepishly, but Rose roundly confirmed the story with a big smile. Not too impressed, she had replied: "That's nice." And so it was.