Generalized perturbation (n, M)-fold Darboux transformations and multi-rogue-wave structures for the modified self-steepening nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

PubMed

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Yang, Yunqing; Yan, Zhenya

2015-07-01

In this paper, a simple and constructive method is presented to find the generalized perturbation (n,M)-fold Darboux transformations (DTs) of the modified nonlinear Schrödinger (MNLS) equation in terms of fractional forms of determinants. In particular, we apply the generalized perturbation (1,N-1)-fold DTs to find its explicit multi-rogue-wave solutions. The wave structures of these rogue-wave solutions of the MNLS equation are discussed in detail for different parameters, which display abundant interesting wave structures, including the triangle and pentagon, etc., and may be useful to study the physical mechanism of multirogue waves in optics. The dynamical behaviors of these multi-rogue-wave solutions are illustrated using numerical simulations. The same Darboux matrix can also be used to investigate the Gerjikov-Ivanov equation such that its multi-rogue-wave solutions and their wave structures are also found. The method can also be extended to find multi-rogue-wave solutions of other nonlinear integrable equations.

Darboux Transformation and N-soliton Solution for Extended Form of Modified Kadomtsev—Petviashvili Equation with Variable-Coefficient

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Xing-Yu; Chen, Yong

2016-08-01

The extended form of modified Kadomtsev—Petviashvili equation with variable-coefficient is investigated in the framework of Painlevé analysis. The Lax pairs are obtained by analysing two Painlevé branches of this equation. Starting with the Lax pair, the N-times Darboux transformation is constructed and the N-soliton solution formula is given, which contains 2n free parameters and two arbitrary functions. Furthermore, with different combinations of the parameters, several types of soliton solutions are calculated from the first order to the third order. The regularity conditions are discussed in order to avoid the singularity of the solutions. Moreover, we construct the generalized Darboux transformation matrix by considering a special limiting process and find a rational-type solution for this equation. Supported by the Global Change Research Program of China under Grant No. 2015CB953904, National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 11275072 and 11435005, Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China under Grant No. 20120076110024, The Network Information Physics Calculation of basic research innovation research group of China under Grant No. 61321064, Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Trustworthy Software for Internet of Things under Grant No. ZF1213, Shanghai Minhang District talents of high level scientific research project

Integrable Semi-discrete Kundu-Eckhaus Equation: Darboux Transformation, Breather, Rogue Wave and Continuous Limit Theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Hai-qiong; Yuan, Jinyun; Zhu, Zuo-nong

2018-02-01

To get more insight into the relation between discrete model and continuous counterpart, a new integrable semi-discrete Kundu-Eckhaus equation is derived from the reduction in an extended Ablowitz-Ladik hierarchy. The integrability of the semi-discrete model is confirmed by showing the existence of Lax pair and infinite number of conservation laws. The dynamic characteristics of the breather and rational solutions have been analyzed in detail for our semi-discrete Kundu-Eckhaus equation to reveal some new interesting phenomena which was not found in continuous one. It is shown that the theory of the discrete system including Lax pair, Darboux transformation and explicit solutions systematically yields their continuous counterparts in the continuous limit.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geng, Xianguo; Li, Ruomeng, E-mail: li_ruomeng@163.com

A Darboux transformation for the Drinfeld–Sokolov–Satsuma–Hirota system of coupled equations is constructed with the aid of gauge transformations between the Lax pairs. As an application, several types of solutions of the Drinfeld–Sokolov–Satsuma–Hirota system are obtained, including soliton solutions, periodic solutions, rational solutions and others.

Modulational instability and higher-order rogue waves with parameters modulation in a coupled integrable AB system via the generalized Darboux transformation.

PubMed

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Yan, Zhenya

2015-12-01

We study higher-order rogue wave (RW) solutions of the coupled integrable dispersive AB system (also called Pedlosky system), which describes the evolution of wave-packets in a marginally stable or unstable baroclinic shear flow in geophysical fluids. We propose its continuous-wave (CW) solutions and existent conditions for their modulation instability to form the rogue waves. A new generalized N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is proposed in terms of the Taylor series expansion for the spectral parameter in the Darboux matrix and its limit procedure and applied to the CW solutions to generate multi-rogue wave solutions of the coupled AB system, which satisfy the general compatibility condition. The dynamical behaviors of these higher-order rogue wave solutions demonstrate both strong and weak interactions by modulating parameters, in which some weak interactions can generate the abundant triangle, pentagon structures, etc. Particularly, the trajectories of motion of peaks and depressions of profiles of the first-order RWs are explicitly analyzed. The generalized DT method used in this paper can be extended to other nonlinear integrable systems. These results may be useful for understanding the corresponding rogue-wave phenomena in fluid mechanics and related fields.

Three New (2+1)-dimensional Integrable Systems and Some Related Darboux Transformations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Xiu-Rong

2016-06-01

We introduce two operator commutators by using different-degree loop algebras of the Lie algebra A1, then under the framework of zero curvature equations we generate two (2+1)-dimensional integrable hierarchies, including the (2+1)-dimensional shallow water wave (SWW) hierarchy and the (2+1)-dimensional Kaup-Newell (KN) hierarchy. Through reduction of the (2+1)-dimensional hierarchies, we get a (2+1)-dimensional SWW equation and a (2+1)-dimensional KN equation. Furthermore, we obtain two Darboux transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional SWW equation. Similarly, the Darboux transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional KN equation could be deduced. Finally, with the help of the spatial spectral matrix of SWW hierarchy, we generate a (2+1) heat equation and a (2+1) nonlinear generalized SWW system containing inverse operators with respect to the variables x and y by using a reduction spectral problem from the self-dual Yang-Mills equations. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11371361, the Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. ZR2012AQ011, ZR2013AL016, ZR2015EM042, National Social Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 13BJY026, the Development of Science and Technology Project under Grant No. 2015NS1048 and A Project of Shandong Province Higher Educational Science and Technology Program under Grant No. J14LI58

On Darboux's approach to R-separability of variables. Classification of conformally flat 4-dimensional binary metrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szereszewski, A.; Sym, A.

2015-09-01

The standard method of separation of variables in PDEs called the Stäckel-Robertson-Eisenhart (SRE) approach originated in the papers by Robertson (1928 Math. Ann. 98 749-52) and Eisenhart (1934 Ann. Math. 35 284-305) on separability of variables in the Schrödinger equation defined on a pseudo-Riemannian space equipped with orthogonal coordinates, which in turn were based on the purely classical mechanics results by Paul Stäckel (1891, Habilitation Thesis, Halle). These still fundamental results have been further extended in diverse directions by e.g. Havas (1975 J. Math. Phys. 16 1461-8 J. Math. Phys. 16 2476-89) or Koornwinder (1980 Lecture Notes in Mathematics 810 (Berlin: Springer) pp 240-63). The involved separability is always ordinary (factor R = 1) and regular (maximum number of independent parameters in separation equations). A different approach to separation of variables was initiated by Gaston Darboux (1878 Ann. Sci. E.N.S. 7 275-348) which has been almost completely forgotten in today’s research on the subject. Darboux’s paper was devoted to the so-called R-separability of variables in the standard Laplace equation. At the outset he did not make any specific assumption about the separation equations (this is in sharp contrast to the SRE approach). After impressive calculations Darboux obtained a complete solution of the problem. He found not only eleven cases of ordinary separability Eisenhart (1934 Ann. Math. 35 284-305) but also Darboux-Moutard-cyclidic metrics (Bôcher 1894 Ueber die Reihenentwickelungen der Potentialtheorie (Leipzig: Teubner)) and non-regularly separable Dupin-cyclidic metrics as well. In our previous paper Darboux’s approach was extended to the case of the stationary Schrödinger equation on Riemannian spaces admitting orthogonal coordinates. In particular the class of isothermic metrics was defined (isothermicity of the metric is a necessary condition for its R-separability). An important sub-class of isothermic metrics are binary metrics. In this paper we solve the following problem: to classify all conformally flat (of arbitrary signature) 4-dimensional binary metrics. Among them there are 1) those that are separable in the sense of SRE metrics Kalnins-Miller (1978 Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 244 241-61 1982 J. Phys. A: Math. Gen. 15 2699-709 1984 Adv. Math. 51 91-106 1983 SIAM J. Math. Anal. 14 126-37) and 2) new examples of non-Stäckel R-separability in 4 dimensions.

The Darboux transformation of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Shuwei; He, Jingsong; Wang, Lihong

2011-07-01

The n-fold Darboux transformation (DT) is a 2 × 2 matrix for the Kaup-Newell (KN) system. In this paper, each element of this matrix is expressed by a ratio of the (n + 1) × (n + 1) determinant and n × n determinant of eigenfunctions. Using these formulae, the expressions of the q[n] and r[n] in the KN system are generated by the n-fold DT. Further, under the reduction condition, the rogue wave, rational traveling solution, dark soliton, bright soliton, breather solution and periodic solution of the derivative nonlinear Schrödinger equation are given explicitly by different seed solutions. In particular, the rogue wave and rational traveling solution are two kinds of new solutions. The complete classification of these solutions generated by one-fold DT is given.

Discrete rational and breather solution in the spatial discrete complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and continuous counterparts.

PubMed

Zhao, Hai-Qiong; Yu, Guo-Fu

2017-04-01

In this paper, a spatial discrete complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation is investigated. The Lax pair, conservation laws, Darboux transformations, and breather and rational wave solutions to the semi-discrete system are presented. The distinguished feature of the model is that the discrete rational solution can possess new W-shape rational periodic-solitary waves that were not reported before. In addition, the first-order rogue waves reach peak amplitudes which are at least three times of the background amplitude, whereas their continuous counterparts are exactly three times the constant background. Finally, the integrability of the discrete system, including Lax pair, conservation laws, Darboux transformations, and explicit solutions, yields the counterparts of the continuous system in the continuum limit.

AKNS hierarchy, Darboux transformation and conservation laws of the 1D nonautonomous nonlinear Schroedinger equations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Zhao Dun; Center for Interdisciplinary Studies, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000; Zhang Yujuan

2011-04-15

By constructing nonisospectral Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy, we investigate the nonautonomous nonlinear Schroedinger (NLS) equations which have been used to describe the Feshbach resonance management in matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensate and the dispersion and nonlinearity managements for optical solitons. It is found that these equations are some special cases of a new integrable model of nonlocal nonautonomous NLS equations. Based on the Lax pairs, the Darboux transformation and conservation laws are explored. It is shown that the local external potentials would break down the classical infinite number of conservation laws. The result indicates that the integrability of the nonautonomous NLSmore » systems may be nontrivial in comparison to the conventional concept of integrability in the canonical case.« less

N-fold Darboux Transformation for Integrable Couplings of AKNS Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Jing; Chen, Shou-Ting; Han, Jing-Wei; Ma, Wen-Xiu

2018-04-01

For the integrable couplings of Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (ICAKNS) equations, N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) TN, which is a 4 × 4 matrix, is constructed in this paper. Each element of this matrix is expressed by a ratio of the (4N + 1)-order determinant and 4N-order determinant of eigenfunctions. By making use of these formulae, the determinant expressions of N-transformed new solutions p [N], q [N], r [N] and s [N] are generated by this N-fold DT. Furthermore, when the reduced conditions q = ‑p* and s = ‑r* are chosen, we obtain determinant representations of N-fold DT and N-transformed solutions for the integrable couplings of nonlinear Schrödinger (ICNLS) equations. Starting from the zero seed solutions, one-soliton solutions are explicitly given as an example. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos. 61771174, 11371326, 11371361, 11301454, and 11271168, Natural Science Fund for Colleges and Universities of Jiangsu Province of China under Grant No. 17KJB110020, and General Research Project of Department of Education of Zhejiang Province (Y201636538)

Miura-type transformations for lattice equations and Lie group actions associated with Darboux-Lax representations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Berkeley, George; Igonin, Sergei

2016-07-01

Miura-type transformations (MTs) are an essential tool in the theory of integrable nonlinear partial differential and difference equations. We present a geometric method to construct MTs for differential-difference (lattice) equations from Darboux-Lax representations (DLRs) of such equations. The method is applicable to parameter-dependent DLRs satisfying certain conditions. We construct MTs and modified lattice equations from invariants of some Lie group actions on manifolds associated with such DLRs. Using this construction, from a given suitable DLR one can obtain many MTs of different orders. The main idea behind this method is closely related to the results of Drinfeld and Sokolov on MTs for the partial differential KdV equation. Considered examples include the Volterra, Narita-Itoh-Bogoyavlensky, Toda, and Adler-Postnikov lattices. Some of the constructed MTs and modified lattice equations seem to be new.

A Note on ;New Hierarchies of Integrable Lattice Equations and Associated Properties: Darboux Transformation Conservation Laws and Integrable Coupling; [Rep. Math. Phys. 67 (2011), 259

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Xi-Xiang

2016-12-01

We prove that two new hierarchies of integrable lattice equations in [Rep. Math. Phys.67 (2011), 259] can be respectively changed into the famous relativistic Toda lattice hierarchies in the polynomial and the rational forms by means of a simple transformation.

Exact analytical modeling of lightwave propagation in planar media with arbitrarily graded index profiles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krapez, J.-C.

2018-02-01

Applying the Darboux transformation in the optical-depth space allows building infinite chains of exact analytical solutions of the electromagnetic (EM) fields in planar 1D-graded dielectrics. As a matter of fact, infinite chains of solvable admittance profiles (e.g. refractive-index profiles, in the case of non-magnetic materials), together with the related EM fields are simultaneously and recursively obtained. The whole procedure has received the name "PROFIDT method" for PROperty and FIeld Darboux Transformation method. By repeating the Darboux transformations we can find out progressively more complex profiles and their EM solutions. An alternative is to stop after the first step and settle for a particular class of four-parameter admittance profiles that were dubbed of "sech(ξ)-type". These profiles are highly flexible. For this reason, they can be used as elementary bricks for building and modeling profiles of arbitrary shape. In addition, the corresponding transfer matrix involves only elementary functions. The sub-class of "sech(ξ)-type" profiles with horizontal end-slopes (S-shaped function) is particularly interesting: these can be used for high-level modeling of piecewise-sigmoidal refractive-index profiles encountered in various photonic devices such as matchinglayers, antireflection layers, rugate filters, chirped mirrors and photonic crystals. These simple analytical tools also allow exploring the fascinating properties of a new kind of structure, namely smooth quasicrystals. They can also be applied to model propagation of other types of waves in graded media such as acoustic waves and electric waves in tapered transmission lines.

A new bidirectional generalization of (2+1)-dimensional matrix k-constrained Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chvartatskyi, O. I., E-mail: alex.chvartatskyy@gmail.com; Sydorenko, Yu. M., E-mail: y-sydorenko@franko.lviv.ua

We introduce a new bidirectional generalization of (2+1)-dimensional k-constrained Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) hierarchy ((2+1)-BDk-cKPH). This new hierarchy generalizes (2+1)-dimensional k-cKP hierarchy, (t{sub A}, τ{sub B}) and (γ{sub A}, σ{sub B}) matrix hierarchies. (2+1)-BDk-cKPH contains a new matrix (1+1)-k-constrained KP hierarchy. Some members of (2+1)-BDk-cKPH are also listed. In particular, it contains matrix generalizations of Davey-Stewartson (DS) systems, (2+1)-dimensional modified Korteweg-de Vries equation and the Nizhnik equation. (2+1)-BDk-cKPH also includes new matrix (2+1)-dimensional generalizations of the Yajima-Oikawa and Melnikov systems. Binary Darboux Transformation Dressing Method is also proposed for construction of exact solutions for equations from (2+1)-BDk-cKPH. As an example the exactmore » form of multi-soliton solutions for vector generalization of the DS system is given.« less

Multi-component Wronskian solution to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Sun, Fu-Wei; Zhang, Yi; Li, Juan

2014-01-01

It is known that the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation can be decomposed into the first two members of the coupled Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy by the binary non-linearization of Lax pairs. In this paper, we construct the N-th iterated Darboux transformation (DT) for the second- and third-order m-coupled AKNS systems. By using together the N-th iterated DT and Cramer's rule, we find that the KPII equation has the unreduced multi-component Wronskian solution and the KPI equation admits a reduced multi-component Wronskian solution. In particular, based on the unreduced and reduced two-component Wronskians, we obtain two families of fully-resonant line-soliton solutions which contain arbitrary numbers of asymptotic solitons as y → ∓∞ to the KPII equation, and the ordinary N-soliton solution to the KPI equation. In addition, we find that the KPI line solitons propagating in parallel can exhibit the bound state at the moment of collision.

Hamiltonian theory of guiding-center motion

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Littlejohn, R.G.

1980-05-01

A Hamiltonian treatment of the guiding center problem is given which employs noncanonical coordinates in phase space. Separation of the unperturbed system from the perturbation is achieved by using a coordinate transformation suggested by a theorem of Darboux. As a model to illustrate the method, motion in the magnetic field B=B(x,y)z is studied. Lie transforms are used to carry out the perturbation expansion.

N-fold Darboux transformation and double-Wronskian-typed solitonic structures for a variable-coefficient modified Kortweg-de Vries equation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wang, Lei, E-mail: wanglei2239@126.com; Gao, Yi-Tian; State Key Laboratory of Software Development Environment, Beijing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Beijing 100191

2012-08-15

Under investigation in this paper is a variable-coefficient modified Kortweg-de Vries (vc-mKdV) model describing certain situations from the fluid mechanics, ocean dynamics and plasma physics. N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) of a variable-coefficient Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur spectral problem is constructed via a gauge transformation. Multi-solitonic solutions in terms of the double Wronskian for the vc-mKdV model are derived by the reduction of the N-fold DT. Three types of the solitonic interactions are discussed through figures: (1) Overtaking collision; (2) Head-on collision; (3) Parallel solitons. Nonlinear, dispersive and dissipative terms have the effects on the velocities of the solitonic waves while the amplitudes ofmore » the waves depend on the perturbation term. - Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer N-fold DT is firstly applied to a vc-AKNS spectral problem. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Seeking a double Wronskian solution is changed into solving two systems. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Effects of the variable coefficients on the multi-solitonic waves are discussed in detail. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer This work solves the problem from Yi Zhang [Ann. Phys. 323 (2008) 3059].« less

ABC of ladder operators for rationally extended quantum harmonic oscillator systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cariñena, José F.; Plyushchay, Mikhail S.

2017-07-01

The problem of construction of ladder operators for rationally extended quantum harmonic oscillator (REQHO) systems of a general form is investigated in the light of existence of different schemes of the Darboux-Crum-Krein-Adler transformations by which such systems can be generated from the quantum harmonic oscillator. Any REQHO system is characterized by the number of separated states in its spectrum, the number of ‘valence bands’ in which the separated states are organized, and by the total number of the missing energy levels and their position. All these peculiarities of a REQHO system are shown to be detected and reflected by a trinity (A^+/- , B^+/- , C^+/-) of the basic (primary) lowering and raising ladder operators related between themselves by certain algebraic identities with coefficients polynomially-dependent on the Hamiltonian. We show that all the secondary, higher-order ladder operators are obtainable by a composition of the basic ladder operators of the trinity which form the set of the spectrum-generating operators. Each trinity, in turn, can be constructed from the intertwining operators of the two complementary minimal schemes of the Darboux-Crum-Krein-Adler transformations.

Bidirectional solitons on water.

PubMed

Zhang, Jin E; Li, Yishen

2003-01-01

A theory of bidirectional solitons on water is developed by using an integrable Boussinesq surface-variable equation. We present an explicit transformation between the system and a member of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system, and derive an exact multisoliton solution by using a Darboux transformation. The phase shifts and the maximum wave heights during the interaction are studied for two-soliton overtaking and head-on collisions. They agree with the Korteweg-de Vries solution for overtaking collision and the perturbation solution for head-on collision.

PREFACE: Nonlinearity and Geometry: connections with integrability Nonlinearity and Geometry: connections with integrability

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cieslinski, Jan L.; Ferapontov, Eugene V.; Kitaev, Alexander V.; Nimmo, Jonathan J. C.

2009-10-01

Geometric ideas are present in many areas of modern theoretical physics and they are usually associated with the presence of nonlinear phenomena. Integrable nonlinear systems play a prime role both in geometry itself and in nonlinear physics. One can mention general relativity, exact solutions of the Einstein equations, string theory, Yang-Mills theory, instantons, solitons in nonlinear optics and hydrodynamics, vortex dynamics, solvable models of statistical physics, deformation quantization, and many others. Soliton theory now forms a beautiful part of mathematics with very strong physical motivations and numerous applications. Interactions between mathematics and physics associated with integrability issues are very fruitful and stimulating. For instance, spectral theories of linear quantum mechanics turned out to be crucial for studying nonlinear integrable systems. The modern theory of integrable nonlinear partial differential and difference equations, or the `theory of solitons', is deeply rooted in the achievements of outstanding geometers of the end of the 19th and the beginning of the 20th century, such as Luigi Bianchi (1856-1928) and Jean Gaston Darboux (1842-1917). Transformations of surfaces and explicit constructions developed by `old' geometers were often rediscovered or reinterpreted in a modern framework. The great progress of recent years in so-called discrete geometry is certainly due to strong integrable motivations. A very remarkable feature of the results of the classical integrable geometry is the quite natural (although nontrivial) possibility of their discretization. This special issue is dedicated to Jean Gaston Darboux and his pioneering role in the development of the geometric ideas of modern soliton theory. The most famous aspects of his work are probably Darboux transformations and triply orthogonal systems of surfaces, whose role in modern mathematical physics cannot be overestimated. Indeed, Darboux transformations play a central role in soliton theory unifying continuous, discrete and quantum integrable systems. Triply orthogonal coordinates proved to be of prime importance for the modern theory of Hamiltonian systems of hydrodynamic type and differential-geometric Poisson brackets, culminating in the construction of the rich and beautiful theory of Frobenius manifolds. The idea for this special issue developed out of the Second Workshop on Nonlinearity and Geometry, a successful conference held in the Mathematical Research and Conference Center at Będlewo, Poland, 13-19 April 2008 (http://wmii.uwm.edu.pl/˜doliwa/WNG-DD.html). However, there was an open call for papers for this issue and all contributions were peer reviewed according to the standards of the journal and taking into account their relevance to the subject of the planned issue. Among the 30 listed authors, 16 attended the conference and the remaining 14 submitted their papers in answer to this open call. The First School on Nolinearity and Geometry (`Bianchi Days') was organized by Antoni Sym and his students in 1995 at the Physics Faculty of Warsaw University, Poland. The proceedings of the workshop, edited by Daniel Wójcik and Jan Cieśliński, were published by Polish Scientific Publishers PWN (Warsaw, 1998). The Second Workshop (`Darboux Days') was organized in 2008 by Adam Doliwa and his coworkers, under the Honorary Chair of Antoni Sym, as a Banach Center Conference. Both workshops gathered around 50 participants. The purpose of these meetings was to bring together researchers with diverse backgrounds (e.g., mathematical physics and differential geometry), and to review the state of the art at the border between the two subjects: geometric inspirations in soliton theory and applications of soliton techniques in geometry. The format was designed to allow substantial time for interaction and research. The invited lectures were longer, intended to present the current trends and open problems in the fields, and to be accessible to younger researchers. It is not out of place to recall that earlier the Institute of Theoretical of Physics of Warsaw University organized two, now legendary, Jadwisin Soliton Workshops (1977 and 1979); see the short note in Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena (1980 vol. 1, issue 1, pp 159-163) written by Antoni Sym who was deeply engaged in the organization of these conferences. In scale and scope both Jadwisin workshops preceded a series of very successful NEEDS conferences. Among the celebrated participants of the Jadwisin meeetings one can find names of great importance for the history of soliton theory: Martin Kruskal, Norman Zabuski, Mark Ablowitz, David Kaup, Allan Newell, Vladimir Zakharov, Sergei Manakov, Francesco Calogero, Antonio Degasperis and Ryogo Hirota. This special issue begins with an introductory historical article in which Antoni Sym presents the most important ideas in the scientific biography of Gaston Darboux. We encourage the readers discover the greatest (scientific!) love of Darboux. This is followed by five review papers. M Błaszak and B M Szablikowski discuss the general R-matrix formalism for the construction of integrable systems with infinitely many degrees of freedom. The general theory is applied to several infinite-dimensional Lie algebras leading to new examples of dispersionless and dispersive (soliton) integrable field systems in 1+1 and 2+1 dimensions. J L Cieśliński presents the Darboux-Bäcklund transformation for 1+1-dimensional integrable systems of PDEs. He compares existing approaches to the construction of multisoliton Darboux matrices, discusses the nonisospectral case and presents some new results on the linear and bilinear invariants of the Darboux-Bäcklund transformation. M Dunajski presents twistor theory as a geometric tool for solving nonlinear differential equations. Many soliton equations admit twistor interpretation in terms of holomophic vector bundles. A different approach is provided for dispersionless equations. Some integrable systems still await successful application of the twistor approach. This review, although concerned with advanced differential geometry, is quite elementary and self-contained. F Nijhoff, J Atkinson and J Hietarinta review the construction of soliton solutions for the KdV type lattice equations and derive N-soliton solutions for all lattice equations in the Adler-Bobenko-Suris list except for the generic elliptic case. The same problem is addressed in the contribution by J Hietarinta and D J Zhang based on the more traditional direct Hirota method. This leads to Casoratians and bilinear difference equations. Regular contributions include the following. H Baran and M Marvan launch a project to classify integrable classes of surfaces based on a novel deformation procedure of the equations of the embedding. This leads to a remarkable new integrable equation describing a class of Weingarten surfaces which seems to be overlooked in the literature. A Doliwa shows that the τ-function of the quadrilateral lattice can be identified with the Fredholm determinant of the integral equation inverting the nonlocal problem. This result is expected because its continuous counterpart (the case of conjugate nets, Darboux equations and the multicomponent KP hierarchy) is already known. Here one can find an explicit proof. P Gaillard and V B Matveev consider special reductions of the generic Darboux-Crum dressing procedure, leading to new formulas for Darboux-Pöschl-Teller potentials, their difference deformations and the related eigenfunctions. A Gouberman and K Leschke develop the theory of (generalized) Darboux transformations for conformal immersions of a Riemann surface into the 4-sphere. Applying this construction to the Clifford torus, they obtain a family of Willmore tori parametrized by Pythagorean triples. V Kiselev and J W van de Leur construct compatible nontrivial finite deformations of the Lie algebra structure in the symmetry algebra of the 3-component dispersionless Boussinesq-type system. T E Kouloukas and V G Papageorgiou introduce a family of nonparametric Yang-Baxter maps obtained by re-factorization of matrix polynomials of first degree. These maps are Poisson with respect to the Sklyanin bracket, and their degenerations are connected to known integrable systems on quad-graphs. S V Manakov and P M Santini apply a novel version of the inverse scattering transform based on Lax pairs in multidimensional commuting vector fields to the heavenly and Pavlov equations, establishing that their localized solutions evolve without breaking, and constructing the long-time behaviour of the corresponding Cauchy problems. Discretizations of integrable geometric models depend heavily on the coordinates used. M Nieszporski and A Sym show how to discretize Bianchi surfaces (associated with an elliptic version of the Ernst equation) in arbitrary parametrization. C Rogers and A Szereszewski study the Bäcklund transformation for L-isothermic surfaces in the original Bianchi formulation. They establish a connection between this transformation and a nonhomogeneous linear Schrödinger equation and construct a class of generalized Dupin cyclides. W K Schief, A Szereszewski and C Rogers study a classical system of equilibrium equations for shell membranes. Various examples of viable membrane geometries lead to remarkable geometric configurations such as generalized Dupin cyclides and L-minimal surfaces. A Sergyeyev constructs infinite hierarchies of nonlocal higher symmetries for the oriented associativity equations using the spectral problem. The hierarchies in question generalize those constructed by Chen, Kontsevich and Schwarz for the WDVV equations. J Shiraishi and Y Tutiya study an integro-differential equation which generalizes the periodic intermediate long wave equation. The kernel of the singular integral involved is a second order difference of the Weierstrass ζ-function. Using Sato's formulation, the authors demonstrate the integrability of the equation in question, and construct some special solutions. P H van der Kamp discusses general aspects of the Cauchy and Goursat problems for lattice equations focusing on their well-posedness, as well as on periodic and travelling wave reductions. We would like to express sincere thanks to all contributors, editorial staff and all involved in compiling this special issue. Jan L Cieśliński, Eugene V Ferapontov, Alexander V Kitaev and Jonathan J C Nimmo Guest Editors

Quasideterminant solutions of the extended noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili hierarchy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Hongxia; Liu, Jingxin; Li, Chunxia

2017-07-01

We construct a nonauto Darboux transformation for the extended noncommutative Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (ncKP) hierarchy and consequently derive its quasi-Wronskian solution. We also obtain the quasi-Wronskian solution of the ncKP equation with self-consistent sources (ncKPESCS) as a by-product. Finally, we use the direct verification method to prove the quasi-Wronskian solution of the ncKPESCS.

Nonlinear tunneling of optical soliton in 3 coupled NLS equation with symbolic computation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mani Rajan, M.S., E-mail: senthilmanirajanofc@gmail.com; Mahalingam, A.; Uthayakumar, A.

We investigated the soliton solution for N coupled nonlinear Schrödinger (CNLS) equations. These equations are coupled due to the cross-phase-modulation (CPM). Lax pair of this system is obtained via the Ablowitz–Kaup–Newell–Segur (AKNS) scheme and the corresponding Darboux transformation is constructed to derive the soliton solution. One and two soliton solutions are generated. Using two soliton solutions of 3 CNLS equation, nonlinear tunneling of soliton for both with and without exponential background has been discussed. Finally cascade compression of optical soliton through multi-nonlinear barrier has been discussed. The obtained results may have promising applications in all-optical devices based on optical solitons,more » study of soliton propagation in birefringence fiber systems and optical soliton with distributed dispersion and nonlinearity management. -- Highlights: •We consider the nonlinear tunneling of soliton in birefringence fiber. •3-coupled NLS (CNLS) equation with variable coefficients is considered. •Two soliton solutions are obtained via Darboux transformation using constructed Lax pair. •Soliton tunneling through dispersion barrier and well are investigated. •Finally, cascade compression of soliton has been achieved.« less

Darboux transformation of the coupled nonisospectral Gross-Pitaevskii system and its multi-component generalization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Chen, Yong

2018-04-01

In this paper, we extend the one-component Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation to the two-component coupled GP system including damping term, linear and parabolic density profiles. The Lax pair with nonisospectral parameter and infinitely-many conservation laws of this coupled GP system are presented. Actually, the Darboux transformation (DT) for this kind of nonautonomous system is essentially different from the autonomous case. Consequently, we construct the DT of the coupled GP equations, besides, nonautonomous multi-solitons, one-breather and the first-order rogue wave are also obtained. Various kinds of one-soliton solution are constructed, which include stationary one-soliton and nonautonomous one-soliton propagating along the negative (positive) direction of x-axis. The interaction of two solitons and two-soliton bound state are demonstrated respectively. We get the nonautonomous one-breather on a curved background and this background is completely controlled by the parameter β. Using a limiting process, the nonautonomous first-order rogue wave can be obtained. Furthermore, some dynamic structures of these analytical solutions are discussed in detail. In addition, the multi-component generalization of GP equations are given, then the corresponding Lax pair and DT are also constructed.

Breathers and rogue waves in a Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain or an alpha helical protein

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Jin-Wei; Gao, Yi-Tian; Su, Chuan-Qi; Wang, Qi-Min; Lan, Zhong-Zhou

2017-07-01

In this paper, a fourth-order variable-coefficient nonlinear Schrödinger equation for a one-dimensional continuum anisotropic Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain or an alpha helical protein has been investigated. Breathers and rogue waves are constructed via the Darboux transformation and generalized Darboux transformation, respectively. Results of the breathers and rogue waves are presented: (1) The first- and second-order Akhmediev breathers and Kuznetsov-Ma solitons are presented with different values of variable coefficients which are related to the energy transfer or higher-order excitations and interactions in the helical protein, or related to the spin excitations resulting from the lowest order continuum approximation and octupole-dipole interaction in a Heisenberg ferromagnetic spin chain, and the nonlinear periodic breathers resulting from the Akhmediev breathers are studied as well; (2) For the first- and second-order rogue waves, we find that they can be split into many similar components when the variable coefficients are polynomial functions of time; (3) Rogue waves can also be split when the variable coefficients are hyperbolic secant functions of time, but the profile of each component in such a case is different.

Defocusing complex short-pulse equation and its multi-dark-soliton solution.

PubMed

Feng, Bao-Feng; Ling, Liming; Zhu, Zuonong

2016-05-01

In this paper, we propose a complex short-pulse equation of both focusing and defocusing types, which governs the propagation of ultrashort pulses in nonlinear optical fibers. It can be viewed as an analog of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in the ultrashort-pulse regime. Furthermore, we construct the multi-dark-soliton solution for the defocusing complex short-pulse equation through the Darboux transformation and reciprocal (hodograph) transformation. One- and two-dark-soliton solutions are given explicitly, whose properties and dynamics are analyzed and illustrated.

Twisted rogue-wave pairs in the Sasa-Satsuma equation.

PubMed

Chen, Shihua

2013-08-01

Exact explicit rogue wave solutions of the Sasa-Satsuma equation are obtained by use of a Darboux transformation. In addition to the double-peak structure and an analog of the Peregrine soliton, the rogue wave can exhibit an intriguing twisted rogue-wave pair that involves four well-defined zero-amplitude points. This exotic structure may enrich our understanding on the nature of rogue waves.

Darboux transformation and solitons for an integrable nonautonomous nonlinear integro-differential Schrödinger equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yong, Xuelin; Fan, Yajing; Huang, Yehui; Ma, Wen-Xiu; Tian, Jing

2017-10-01

By modifying the scheme for an isospectral problem, the non-isospectral Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) hierarchy is constructed via allowing the time varying spectrum. In this paper, we consider an integrable nonautonomous nonlinear integro-differential Schrödinger equation discussed before in “Multi-soliton management by the integrable nonautonomous nonlinear integro-differential Schrödinger equation” [Y. J. Zhang, D. Zhao and H. G. Luo, Ann. Phys. 350 (2014) 112]. We first analyze the integrability conditions and identify the model. Second, we modify the existing Darboux transformation (DT) for such a non-isospectral problem. Third, the nonautonomous soliton solutions are obtained via the resulting DT and basic properties of these solutions in the inhomogeneous media are discussed graphically to illustrate the influences of the variable coefficients. In the process, a technique by selecting appropriate spectral parameters instead of the variable inhomogeneities is employed to realize a different type of one-soliton management. Several novel optical solitons are constructed and their features are shown by some specific figures. In addition, four kinds of the special localized two-soliton solutions are obtained. The solitonic excitations localized both in space and time, which exhibit the feature of the so-called rogue waves but with a zero background, are discussed.

Higher-order rational solitons and rogue-like wave solutions of the (2 + 1)-dimensional nonlinear fluid mechanics equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Yan, Zhenya

2017-02-01

The novel generalized perturbation (n, M)-fold Darboux transformations (DTs) are reported for the (2 + 1)-dimensional Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation and its extension by using the Taylor expansion of the Darboux matrix. The generalized perturbation (1 , N - 1) -fold DTs are used to find their higher-order rational solitons and rogue wave solutions in terms of determinants. The dynamics behaviors of these rogue waves are discussed in detail for different parameters and time, which display the interesting RW and soliton structures including the triangle, pentagon, heptagon profiles, etc. Moreover, we find that a new phenomenon that the parameter (a) can control the wave structures of the KP equation from the higher-order rogue waves (a ≠ 0) into higher-order rational solitons (a = 0) in (x, t)-space with y = const . These results may predict the corresponding dynamical phenomena in the models of fluid mechanics and other physically relevant systems.

Vector breather-to-soliton transitions and nonlinear wave interactions induced by higher-order effects in an erbium-doped fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Wen-Rong; Wang, Lei; Xie, Xi-Yang

2018-06-01

Vector breather-to-soliton transitions for the higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger-Maxwell-Bloch (NLS-MB) system with sextic terms are investigated. The Lax pair and Darboux transformation (DT) of such system are constructed. With the DT, analytic vector breather solutions up to the second order are obtained. With appropriate choices of the spectra parameters, vector breather-to-soliton transitions happen. Interaction mechanisms of vector nonlinear waves (breather-soliton or soliton-soliton interactions) are displayed.

Dynamics of the Smooth Positons of the Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Gai-Hua; Zhang, Yong-Shuai; He, Jing-Song

2018-03-01

We discuss a modified Wadati-Konno-Ichikawa (mWKI) equation, which is equivalent to the WKI equation by a hodograph transformation. The explicit formula of degenerated solution of mWKI equation is provided by using degenerate Darboux transformation with respect to the eigenvalues, which yields two kinds of smooth solutions possessing the vanishing and nonvanishing boundary conditions respectively. In particular, a method for the decomposition of modulus square is operated to the positon solution, and the approximate orbits before and after collision of positon solutions are displayed explicitly. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11671219, the K. C. Wong Magna Fund in Ningbo University

Localised Nonlinear Waves in the Three-Component Coupled Hirota Equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Chen, Yong

2017-10-01

We construct the Lax pair and Darboux transformation for the three-component coupled Hirota equations including higher-order effects such as third-order dispersion, self-steepening, and stimulated Raman scattering. A special vector solution of the Lax pair with 4×4 matrices for the three-component Hirota system is elaborately generated, based on this vector solution, various types of mixed higher-order localised waves are derived through the generalised Darboux transformation. Instead of considering various arrangements of the three potential functions q1, q2, and q3, here, the same combination is considered as the same type solution. The first- and second-order localised waves are mainly discussed in six mixed types: (1) the hybrid solutions degenerate to the rational ones and three components are all rogue waves; (2) two components are hybrid solutions between rogue wave (RW) and breather (RW+breather), and one component is interactional solution between RW and dark soliton (RW+dark soliton); (3) two components are RW+dark soliton, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (4) two components are RW+breather, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (5) two components are RW+dark soliton, and one component is RW+bright soliton; (6) three components are all RW+breather. Moreover, these nonlinear localised waves merge with each other by increasing the absolute values of two free parameters α, β. These results further uncover some striking dynamic structures in the multicomponent coupled system.

Integrable nonlinear Schrödinger system on a lattice with three structural elements in the unit cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vakhnenko, Oleksiy O.

2018-05-01

Developing the idea of increasing the number of structural elements in the unit cell of a quasi-one-dimensional lattice as applied to the semi-discrete integrable systems of nonlinear Schrödinger type, we construct the zero-curvature representation for the general integrable nonlinear system on a lattice with three structural elements in the unit cell. The integrability of the obtained general system permits to find explicitly a number of local conservation laws responsible for the main features of system dynamics and in particular for the so-called natural constraints separating the field variables into the basic and the concomitant ones. Thus, considering the reduction to the semi-discrete integrable system of nonlinear Schrödinger type, we revealed the essentially nontrivial impact of concomitant fields on the Poisson structure and on the whole Hamiltonian formulation of system dynamics caused by the nonzero background values of these fields. On the other hand, the zero-curvature representation of a general nonlinear system serves as an indispensable key to the dressing procedure of system integration based upon the Darboux transformation of the auxiliary linear problem and the implicit Bäcklund transformation of field variables. Due to the symmetries inherent to the six-component semi-discrete integrable nonlinear Schrödinger system with attractive-type nonlinearities, the Darboux-Bäcklund dressing scheme is shown to be simplified considerably, giving rise to the appropriately parameterized multi-component soliton solution consisting of six basic and four concomitant components.

Double-Wronskian solitons and rogue waves for the inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation in an inhomogeneous plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Wen-Rong; Tian, Bo, E-mail: tian_bupt@163.com; Jiang, Yan

2014-04-15

Plasmas are the main constituent of the Universe and the cause of a vast variety of astrophysical, space and terrestrial phenomena. The inhomogeneous nonlinear Schrödinger equation is hereby investigated, which describes the propagation of an electron plasma wave packet with a large wavelength and small amplitude in a medium with a parabolic density and constant interactional damping. By virtue of the double Wronskian identities, the equation is proved to possess the double-Wronskian soliton solutions. Analytic one- and two-soliton solutions are discussed. Amplitude and velocity of the soliton are related to the damping coefficient. Asymptotic analysis is applied for us tomore » investigate the interaction between the two solitons. Overtaking interaction, head-on interaction and bound state of the two solitons are given. From the non-zero potential Lax pair, the first- and second-order rogue-wave solutions are constructed via a generalized Darboux transformation, and influence of the linear and parabolic density profiles on the background density and amplitude of the rogue wave is discussed. -- Highlights: •Double-Wronskian soliton solutions are obtained and proof is finished by virtue of some double Wronskian identities. •Asymptotic analysis is applied for us to investigate the interaction between the two solitons. •First- and second-order rogue-wave solutions are constructed via a generalized Darboux transformation. •Influence of the linear and parabolic density profiles on the background density and amplitude of the rogue wave is discussed.« less

On a new semi-discrete integrable combination of Burgers and Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Hai-qiong

2017-02-01

In this paper, a new semi-discrete integrable combination of Burgers and Sharma-Tasso-Olver equation is investigated. The underlying integrable structures like the Lax pair, the infinite number of conservation laws, the Darboux-Bäcklund transformation, and the solutions are presented in the explicit form. The theory of the semi-discrete equation including integrable properties yields the corresponding theory of the continuous counterpart in the continuous limit. Finally, numerical experiments are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the developed integrable semi-discretization algorithms.

Determination of elementary first integrals of a generalized Raychaudhuri equation by the Darboux integrability method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Choudhury, A. Ghose; Guha, Partha; Khanra, Barun

2009-10-01

The Darboux integrability method is particularly useful to determine first integrals of nonplanar autonomous systems of ordinary differential equations, whose associated vector fields are polynomials. In particular, we obtain first integrals for a variant of the generalized Raychaudhuri equation, which has appeared in string inspired modern cosmology.

Soliton solution and gauge equivalence for an integrable nonlocal complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Li-Yuan; Shen, Shou-Feng; Zhu, Zuo-Nong

2017-10-01

In this paper, we prove that an integrable nonlocal complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation introduced by Ablowitz and Musslimani [Nonlinearity 29, 915-946 (2016)] is gauge equivalent to a spin-like model. From the gauge equivalence, one can see that there exists significant difference between the nonlocal complex mKdV equation and the classical complex mKdV equation. Through constructing the Darboux transformation for nonlocal complex mKdV equation, a variety of exact solutions including dark soliton, W-type soliton, M-type soliton, and periodic solutions are derived.

Higher-order vector discrete rogue-wave states in the coupled Ablowitz-Ladik equations: Exact solutions and stability.

PubMed

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Yan, Zhenya; Malomed, Boris A

2016-12-01

An integrable system of two-component nonlinear Ablowitz-Ladik equations is used to construct complex rogue-wave (RW) solutions in an explicit form. First, the modulational instability of continuous waves is studied in the system. Then, new higher-order discrete two-component RW solutions of the system are found by means of a newly derived discrete version of a generalized Darboux transformation. Finally, the perturbed evolution of these RW states is explored in terms of systematic simulations, which demonstrates that tightly and loosely bound RWs are, respectively, nearly stable and strongly unstable solutions.

Multi-indexed (q-)Racah polynomials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odake, Satoru; Sasaki, Ryu

2012-09-01

As the second stage of the project multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials, we present, in the framework of ‘discrete quantum mechanics’ with real shifts in one dimension, the multi-indexed (q-)Racah polynomials. They are obtained from the (q-)Racah polynomials by the multiple application of the discrete analogue of the Darboux transformations or the Crum-Krein-Adler deletion of ‘virtual state’ vectors, in a similar way to the multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials reported earlier. The virtual state vectors are the ‘solutions’ of the matrix Schrödinger equation with negative ‘eigenvalues’, except for one of the two boundary points.

Finding higher order Darboux polynomials for a family of rational first order ordinary differential equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Avellar, J.; Claudino, A. L. G. C.; Duarte, L. G. S.; da Mota, L. A. C. P.

2015-10-01

For the Darbouxian methods we are studying here, in order to solve first order rational ordinary differential equations (1ODEs), the most costly (computationally) step is the finding of the needed Darboux polynomials. This can be so grave that it can render the whole approach unpractical. Hereby we introduce a simple heuristics to speed up this process for a class of 1ODEs.

Stability analysis and wave dynamics of an extended hybrid traffic flow model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yu-Qing; Zhou, Chao-Fan; Li, Wei-Kang; Yan, Bo-Wen; Jia, Bin; Wang, Ji-Xin

2018-02-01

The stability analysis and wave dynamic properties of an extended hybrid traffic flow model, WZY model, are intensively studied in this paper. The linear stable condition obtained by the linear stability analysis is presented. Besides, by means of analyzing Korteweg-de Vries equation, we present soliton waves in the metastable region. Moreover, the multiscale perturbation technique is applied to derive the traveling wave solution of the model. Furthermore, by means of performing Darboux transformation, the first-order and second-order doubly-periodic solutions and rational solutions are presented. It can be found that analytical solutions match well with numerical simulations.

Transparent lattices and their solitary waves.

PubMed

Sadurní, E

2014-09-01

We provide a family of transparent tight-binding models with nontrivial potentials and site-dependent hopping parameters. Their feasibility is discussed in electromagnetic resonators, dielectric slabs, and quantum-mechanical traps. In the second part of the paper, the arrays are obtained through a generalization of supersymmetric quantum mechanics in discrete variables. The formalism includes a finite-difference Darboux transformation applied to the scattering matrix of a periodic array. A procedure for constructing a hierarchy of discrete Hamiltonians is indicated and a particular biparametric family is given. The corresponding potentials and hopping functions are identified as solitary waves, pointing to a discrete spinorial generalization of the Korteweg-deVries family.

Integrable aspects and rogue wave solution of Sasa-Satsuma equation with variable coefficients in the inhomogeneous fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yu-Ping; Yu, Lan; Wei, Guang-Mei

2018-02-01

Under investigation with symbolic computation in this paper, is a variable-coefficient Sasa-Satsuma equation (SSE) which can describe the ultra short pulses in optical fiber communications and propagation of deep ocean waves. By virtue of the extended Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system, Lax pair for the model is directly constructed. Based on the obtained Lax pair, an auto-Bäcklund transformation is provided, then the explicit one-soliton solution is obtained. Meanwhile, an infinite number of conservation laws in explicit recursion forms are derived to indicate its integrability in the Liouville sense. Furthermore, exact explicit rogue wave (RW) solution is presented by use of a Darboux transformation. In addition to the double-peak structure and an analog of the Peregrine soliton, the RW can exhibit graphically an intriguing twisted rogue-wave (TRW) pair that involve four well-defined zero-amplitude points.

Study of polymorphic control in an ethanol-water binary solvent

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kitano, Hiroshi; Tanaka, Takayuki; Hirasawa, Izumi

2017-07-01

Three polymorphs of L-Citrulline crystals, anhydrate (Form α, γ and δ) and pseudo polymorph (dihydrate), were confirmed. In this study, polymorphic control of L-Citrulline was attempted by changing the ethanol concentration in ethanol-water binary solvents. First, each polymorph of L-Citrulline crystals was added to the prepared ethanol-water binary solvents and samples which were obtained chronologically were measured by XRD. Also, the crystal sizes and shapes in transformation were observed by microscope. Then, polymorphs of the crystals after transformation were determined by XRD pattern. As a result, the transformation from dihydrate to anhydrate was observed by adding dihydrate crystals to the ethanol-water binary solvent. Similarly, the transformation from anhydrate to another anhydrate was observed. Especially in the case of adding dihydrate, the existences of all polymorphs were confirmed by adjusting ethanol-water binary solvent. According to the results, it was revealed that polymorphic transformation was affected by the trace amount of water contained in ethanol-water binary solvent. Moreover, transformation from dihydrate to anhydrate was constructed with three phases, dissolution of dihydrate, nucleation and growth of anhydrate. Therefore, the solution-mediated polymorphic transformation was supposed to be a key mechanism for this transformation.

N-Soliton Solution and Soliton Resonances for the (2+1)-Dimensional Inhomogeneous Gardner Equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xin; Geng, Xian-Guo

2017-08-01

We derive the Lax pair and Darboux transformation for the (2+1)-dimensional inhomogeneous Gardner equation via the two-singular manifold method from Painlevé analysis. N-soliton solution in a compact determinant representation of Grammian type is presented. As an application, dynamic properties of the bright and dark soliton solutions under periodic and parabolic oscillations up to second order are shown. Resonant behaviors of two bright and two dark solitons are studied, and asymptotic analysis of the corresponding resonant bright and dark two-soliton solutions are performed, respectively. Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 11331008 and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation Funded Sixtieth Batches (2016M602252)

2 + 1 Toda chain. I. Inverse scattering method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lipovskii, V.D.; Shirokov, A.V.

A formal scheme of the inverse scattering method is constructed for the2 + 1 Toda chain in the class of rapidly decreasing Cauchy data. Application of the inverse scattering method to the two-dimensional infinite Toda chain was made difficult by the circumstance that this system is a (2 + 1)-dimensional object, i.e., possesses time and two spatial variables, the role of one of these being played by the chain site number. Because of this, our information about the 2 + 1 Toda chain was limited to a rich set of particular solutions of soliton type obtained in the cycle ofmore » studies by the Darboux transformation method.« less

Integrability: mathematical methods for studying solitary waves theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wazwaz, Abdul-Majid

2014-03-01

In recent decades, substantial experimental research efforts have been devoted to linear and nonlinear physical phenomena. In particular, studies of integrable nonlinear equations in solitary waves theory have attracted intensive interest from mathematicians, with the principal goal of fostering the development of new methods, and physicists, who are seeking solutions that represent physical phenomena and to form a bridge between mathematical results and scientific structures. The aim for both groups is to build up our current understanding and facilitate future developments, develop more creative results and create new trends in the rapidly developing field of solitary waves. The notion of the integrability of certain partial differential equations occupies an important role in current and future trends, but a unified rigorous definition of the integrability of differential equations still does not exist. For example, an integrable model in the Painlevé sense may not be integrable in the Lax sense. The Painlevé sense indicates that the solution can be represented as a Laurent series in powers of some function that vanishes on an arbitrary surface with the possibility of truncating the Laurent series at finite powers of this function. The concept of Lax pairs introduces another meaning of the notion of integrability. The Lax pair formulates the integrability of nonlinear equation as the compatibility condition of two linear equations. However, it was shown by many researchers that the necessary integrability conditions are the existence of an infinite series of generalized symmetries or conservation laws for the given equation. The existence of multiple soliton solutions often indicates the integrability of the equation but other tests, such as the Painlevé test or the Lax pair, are necessary to confirm the integrability for any equation. In the context of completely integrable equations, studies are flourishing because these equations are able to describe the real features in a variety of vital areas in science, technology and engineering. In recognition of the importance of solitary waves theory and the underlying concept of integrable equations, a variety of powerful methods have been developed to carry out the required analysis. Examples of such methods which have been advanced are the inverse scattering method, the Hirota bilinear method, the simplified Hirota method, the Bäcklund transformation method, the Darboux transformation, the Pfaffian technique, the Painlevé analysis, the generalized symmetry method, the subsidiary ordinary differential equation method, the coupled amplitude-phase formulation, the sine-cosine method, the sech-tanh method, the mapping and deformation approach and many new other methods. The inverse scattering method, viewed as a nonlinear analogue of the Fourier transform method, is a powerful approach that demonstrates the existence of soliton solutions through intensive computations. At the center of the theory of integrable equations lies the bilinear forms and Hirota's direct method, which can be used to obtain soliton solutions by using exponentials. The Bäcklund transformation method is a useful invariant transformation that transforms one solution into another of a differential equation. The Darboux transformation method is a well known tool in the theory of integrable systems. It is believed that there is a connection between the Bäcklund transformation and the Darboux transformation, but it is as yet not known. Archetypes of integrable equations are the Korteweg-de Vries (KdV) equation, the modified KdV equation, the sine-Gordon equation, the Schrödinger equation, the Vakhnenko equation, the KdV6 equation, the Burgers equation, the fifth-order Lax equation and many others. These equations yield soliton solutions, multiple soliton solutions, breather solutions, quasi-periodic solutions, kink solutions, homo-clinic solutions and other solutions as well. The couplings of linear and nonlinear equations were recently discovered and subsequently received considerable attention. The concept of couplings forms a new direction for developing innovative construction methods. The recently obtained results in solitary waves theory highlight new approaches for additional creative ideas, promising further achievements and increased progress in this field. We are grateful to all of the authors who accepted our invitation to contribute to this comment section.

Rogue periodic waves of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.

2018-02-01

Rogue periodic waves stand for rogue waves on a periodic background. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the focusing case admits two families of periodic wave solutions expressed by the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn. Both periodic waves are modulationally unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations. Exact solutions for the rogue periodic waves are constructed by using the explicit expressions for the periodic eigenfunctions of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem and the Darboux transformations. These exact solutions generalize the classical rogue wave (the so-called Peregrine's breather). The magnification factor of the rogue periodic waves is computed as a function of the elliptic modulus. Rogue periodic waves constructed here are compared with the rogue wave patterns obtained numerically in recent publications.

Rogue periodic waves of the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

PubMed

Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E

2018-02-01

Rogue periodic waves stand for rogue waves on a periodic background. The nonlinear Schrödinger equation in the focusing case admits two families of periodic wave solutions expressed by the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn . Both periodic waves are modulationally unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations. Exact solutions for the rogue periodic waves are constructed by using the explicit expressions for the periodic eigenfunctions of the Zakharov-Shabat spectral problem and the Darboux transformations. These exact solutions generalize the classical rogue wave (the so-called Peregrine's breather). The magnification factor of the rogue periodic waves is computed as a function of the elliptic modulus. Rogue periodic waves constructed here are compared with the rogue wave patterns obtained numerically in recent publications.

Classifying the hierarchy of nonlinear-Schrödinger-equation rogue-wave solutions.

PubMed

Kedziora, David J; Ankiewicz, Adrian; Akhmediev, Nail

2013-07-01

We present a systematic classification for higher-order rogue-wave solutions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, constructed as the nonlinear superposition of first-order breathers via the recursive Darboux transformation scheme. This hierarchy is subdivided into structures that exhibit varying degrees of radial symmetry, all arising from independent degrees of freedom associated with physical translations of component breathers. We reveal the general rules required to produce these fundamental patterns. Consequently, we are able to extrapolate the general shape for rogue-wave solutions beyond order 6, at which point accuracy limitations due to current standards of numerical generation become non-negligible. Furthermore, we indicate how a large set of irregular rogue-wave solutions can be produced by hybridizing these fundamental structures.

Higher-order modulation instability in nonlinear fiber optics.

PubMed

Erkintalo, Miro; Hammani, Kamal; Kibler, Bertrand; Finot, Christophe; Akhmediev, Nail; Dudley, John M; Genty, Goëry

2011-12-16

We report theoretical, numerical, and experimental studies of higher-order modulation instability in the focusing nonlinear Schrödinger equation. This higher-order instability arises from the nonlinear superposition of elementary instabilities, associated with initial single breather evolution followed by a regime of complex, yet deterministic, pulse splitting. We analytically describe the process using the Darboux transformation and compare with experiments in optical fiber. We show how a suitably low frequency modulation on a continuous wave field induces higher-order modulation instability splitting with the pulse characteristics at different phases of evolution related by a simple scaling relationship. We anticipate that similar processes are likely to be observed in many other systems including plasmas, Bose-Einstein condensates, and deep water waves. © 2011 American Physical Society

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Junchao; Xin, Xiangpeng; Chen, Yong, E-mail: ychen@sei.ecnu.edu.cn

The nonlocal symmetry is derived from the known Darboux transformation (DT) of the Hirota-Satsuma coupled Korteweg-de Vries (HS-cKdV) system, and infinitely many nonlocal symmetries are given by introducing the internal parameters. By extending the HS-cKdV system to an auxiliary system with five dependent variables, the prolongation is found to localize the so-called seed nonlocal symmetry related to the DT. By applying the general Lie point symmetry method to this enlarged system, we obtain two main results: a new type of finite symmetry transformation is derived, which is different from the initial DT and can generate new solutions from old ones;more » some novel exact interaction solutions among solitons and other complicated waves including periodic cnoidal waves and Painlevé waves are computed through similarity reductions. In addition, two kinds of new integrable models are proposed from the obtained nonlocal symmetry: the negative HS-cKdV hierarchy by introducing the internal parameters; the integrable models both in lower and higher dimensions by restricting the symmetry constraints.« less

Elliptic Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation, critical points and integrable systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konopelchenko, B. G.; Ortenzi, G.

2013-12-01

The structure and properties of families of critical points for classes of functions W(z,{\\overline{z}}) obeying the elliptic Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation E(1/2, 1/2) are studied. General variational and differential equations governing the dependence of critical points in variational (deformation) parameters are found. Explicit examples of the corresponding integrable quasi-linear differential systems and hierarchies are presented. There are the extended dispersionless Toda/nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchies, the ‘inverse’ hierarchy and equations associated with the real-analytic Eisenstein series E(\\beta ,{\\overline{\\beta }};1/2) among them. The specific bi-Hamiltonian structure of these equations is also discussed.

Hamiltonian structure and Darboux theorem for families of generalized Lotka-Volterra systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hernández-Bermejo, Benito; Fairén, Víctor

1998-11-01

This work is devoted to the establishment of a Poisson structure for a format of equations known as generalized Lotka-Volterra systems. These equations, which include the classical Lotka-Volterra systems as a particular case, have been deeply studied in the literature. They have been shown to constitute a whole hierarchy of systems, the characterization of which is made in the context of simple algebra. Our main result is to show that this algebraic structure is completely translatable into the Poisson domain. Important Poisson structures features, such as the symplectic foliation and the Darboux canonical representation, rise as a result of rather simple matrix manipulations.

Matter rogue waves for the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates.

PubMed

Sun, Wen-Rong; Wang, Lei

2018-01-01

To show the existence and properties of matter rogue waves in an F =1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), we work on the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations. Via the Darboux-dressing transformation, we obtain a family of rational solutions describing the extreme events, i.e. rogue waves. This family of solutions includes bright-dark-bright and bright-bright-bright rogue waves. The algebraic construction depends on Lax matrices and their Jordan form. The conditions for the existence of rogue wave solutions in an F =1 spinor BEC are discussed. For the three-component GP equations, if there is modulation instability, it is of baseband type only, confirming our analytic conditions. The energy transfers between the waves are discussed.

Explicit solutions from eigenfunction symmetry of the Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PubMed

Hu, Xiao-Rui; Lou, Sen-Yue; Chen, Yong

2012-05-01

In nonlinear science, it is very difficult to find exact interaction solutions among solitons and other kinds of complicated waves such as cnoidal waves and Painlevé waves. Actually, even if for the most well-known prototypical models such as the Kortewet-de Vries (KdV) equation and the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation, this kind of problem has not yet been solved. In this paper, the explicit analytic interaction solutions between solitary waves and cnoidal waves are obtained through the localization procedure of nonlocal symmetries which are related to Darboux transformation for the well-known KdV equation. The same approach also yields some other types of interaction solutions among different types of solutions such as solitary waves, rational solutions, Bessel function solutions, and/or general Painlevé II solutions.

Invisible defects in complex crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Longhi, Stefano, E-mail: stefano.longhi@fisi.polimi.it; Della Valle, Giuseppe

2013-07-15

We show that invisible localized defects, i.e. defects that cannot be detected by an outside observer, can be realized in a crystal with an engineered imaginary potential at the defect site. The invisible defects are synthesized by means of supersymmetric (Darboux) transformations of an ordinary crystal using band-edge wavefunctions to construct the superpotential. The complex crystal has an entire real-valued energy spectrum and Bragg scattering is not influenced by the defects. An example of complex crystal synthesis is presented for the Mathieu potential. -- Highlights: •We show the existence of invisible localized defects in complex crystals. •They turn out tomore » be fully invisible to Bloch waves belonging to any lattice band. •An example of invisible defect is presented for a PT-symmetric Mathieu crystal.« less

Matter rogue waves for the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii equations in the spinor Bose-Einstein condensates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Wen-Rong; Wang, Lei

2018-01-01

To show the existence and properties of matter rogue waves in an F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), we work on the three-component Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations. Via the Darboux-dressing transformation, we obtain a family of rational solutions describing the extreme events, i.e. rogue waves. This family of solutions includes bright-dark-bright and bright-bright-bright rogue waves. The algebraic construction depends on Lax matrices and their Jordan form. The conditions for the existence of rogue wave solutions in an F=1 spinor BEC are discussed. For the three-component GP equations, if there is modulation instability, it is of baseband type only, confirming our analytic conditions. The energy transfers between the waves are discussed.

Several reverse-time integrable nonlocal nonlinear equations: Rogue-wave solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Bo; Chen, Yong

2018-05-01

A study of rogue-wave solutions in the reverse-time nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) and nonlocal Davey-Stewartson (DS) equations is presented. By using Darboux transformation (DT) method, several types of rogue-wave solutions are constructed. Dynamics of these rogue-wave solutions are further explored. It is shown that the (1 + 1)-dimensional fundamental rogue-wave solutions in the reverse-time NLS equation can be globally bounded or have finite-time blowing-ups. It is also shown that the (2 + 1)-dimensional line rogue waves in the reverse-time nonlocal DS equations can be bounded for all space and time or develop singularities in critical time. In addition, the multi- and higher-order rogue waves exhibit richer structures, most of which have no counterparts in the corresponding local nonlinear equations.

Soliton solutions of an integrable nonlinear Schrödinger equation with quintic terms.

PubMed

Chowdury, A; Kedziora, D J; Ankiewicz, A; Akhmediev, N

2014-09-01

We present the fifth-order equation of the nonlinear Schrödinger hierarchy. This integrable partial differential equation contains fifth-order dispersion and nonlinear terms related to it. We present the Lax pair and use Darboux transformations to derive exact expressions for the most representative soliton solutions. This set includes two-soliton collisions and the degenerate case of the two-soliton solution, as well as beating structures composed of two or three solitons. Ultimately, the new quintic operator and the terms it adds to the standard nonlinear Schrödinger equation (NLSE) are found to primarily affect the velocity of solutions, with complicated flow-on effects. Furthermore, we present a new structure, composed of coincident equal-amplitude solitons, which cannot exist for the standard NLSE.

New classes of solutions in the coupled PT symmetric nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equations with four wave mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vinayagam, P. S.; Radha, R.; Al Khawaja, U.; Ling, Liming

2018-06-01

We investigate generalized nonlocal coupled nonlinear Schorödinger equation containing Self-Phase Modulation, Cross-Phase Modulation and four wave mixing involving nonlocal interaction. By means of Darboux transformation we obtained a family of exact breathers and solitons including the Peregrine soliton, Kuznetsov-Ma breather, Akhmediev breather along with all kinds of soliton-soliton and breather-soltion interactions. We analyze and emphasize the impact of the four-wave mixing on the nature and interaction of the solutions. We found that the presence of four wave mixing converts a two-soliton solution into an Akhmediev breather. In particular, the inclusion of four wave mixing results in the generation of a new solutions which is spatially and temporally periodic called "Soliton (Breather) lattice".

Periodic and rational solutions of the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Jiao; Wang, Xin; Geng, Xianguo

2018-06-01

We investigate the reduced Maxwell-Bloch (RMB) equations which describe the propagation of short optical pulses in dielectric materials with resonant non-degenerate transitions. The general Nth-order periodic solutions are provided by means of the Darboux transformation. The Nth-order degenerate periodic and Nth-order rational solutions containing several free parameters with compact determinant representations are derived from two different limiting cases of the obtained general periodic solutions, respectively. Explicit expressions of these solutions from first to second order are presented. Typical nonlinear wave patterns for the four components of the RMB equations such as single-peak, double-peak-double-dip, double-peak and single-dip structures in the second-order rational solutions are shown. This kind of the rational solutions correspond to rogue waves in the reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations.

On the rational monodromy-free potentials with sextic growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gibbons, J.; Veselov, A. P.

2009-01-01

We study the rational potentials V(x ), with sextic growth at infinity, such that the corresponding one-dimensional Schrödinger equation has no monodromy in the complex domain for all values of the spectral parameter. We investigate in detail the subclass of such potentials which can be constructed by the Darboux transformations from the well-known class of quasiexactly solvable potentials V =x6-νx2+l(l +1)/x2. We show that, in contrast with the case of quadratic growth, there are monodromy-free potentials which have quasirational eigenfunctions, but which cannot be given by this construction. We discuss the relations between the corresponding algebraic varieties and present some elementary solutions of the Calogero-Moser problem in the external field with sextic potential.

Binary image encryption in a joint transform correlator scheme by aid of run-length encoding and QR code

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Yi; Wang, Zhipeng; Wang, Hongjuan; Gong, Qiong

2018-07-01

We propose a binary image encryption method in joint transform correlator (JTC) by aid of the run-length encoding (RLE) and Quick Response (QR) code, which enables lossless retrieval of the primary image. The binary image is encoded with RLE to obtain the highly compressed data, and then the compressed binary image is further scrambled using a chaos-based method. The compressed and scrambled binary image is then transformed into one QR code that will be finally encrypted in JTC. The proposed method successfully, for the first time to our best knowledge, encodes a binary image into a QR code with the identical size of it, and therefore may probe a new way for extending the application of QR code in optical security. Moreover, the preprocessing operations, including RLE, chaos scrambling and the QR code translation, append an additional security level on JTC. We present digital results that confirm our approach.

Influence of optical activity on rogue waves propagating in chiral optical fibers.

PubMed

Temgoua, D D Estelle; Kofane, T C

2016-06-01

We derive the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in chiral optical fiber with right- and left-hand nonlinear polarization. We use the similarity transformation to reduce the generalized chiral NLS equation to the higher-order integrable Hirota equation. We present the first- and second-order rational solutions of the chiral NLS equation with variable and constant coefficients, based on the modified Darboux transformation method. For some specific set of parameters, the features of chiral optical rogue waves are analyzed from analytical results, showing the influence of optical activity on waves. We also generate the exact solutions of the two-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which describe optical activity effects on the propagation of rogue waves, and their properties in linear and nonlinear coupling cases are investigated. The condition of modulation instability of the background reveals the existence of vector rogue waves and the number of stable and unstable branches. Controllability of chiral optical rogue waves is examined by numerical simulations and may bring potential applications in optical fibers and in many other physical systems.

Exact ghost-free bigravitational waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayón-Beato, Eloy; Higuita-Borja, Daniel; Méndez-Zavaleta, Julio A.; Velázquez-Rodríguez, Gerardo

2018-04-01

We study the propagation of exact gravitational waves in the ghost-free bimetric theory. Our focus is on type-N spacetimes compatible with the cosmological constants provided by the bigravity interaction potential, and particularly in the single class known by allowing at least a Killing symmetry: the AdS waves. They have the advantage of being represented by a generalized Kerr-Schild transformation from AdS spacetime. This entails a notorious simplification in bigravity by allowing to straightforwardly compute any power of its interaction square root matrix, opening the door to explore physically meaningful exact configurations. For these exact gravitational waves the complex dynamical structure of bigravity decomposes into elementary exact massless or massive excitations propagating on AdS. We use a complexified formulation of the Euler-Darboux equations to provide for the first time the general solutions to the massive version of the Siklos equation which rules the resulting AdS-wave dynamics, using an integral representation originally due to Poisson. Inspired by this progress, we tackle the subtle problem of how matter couples to bigravity and, more concretely, if this occurs through a composite metric, which is hard to handle in a general setting. Surprisingly, the Kerr-Schild ansatz brings again a huge simplification in how the related energy-momentum tensors are calculated. This allows us to explicitly characterize AdS waves supported by either a massless free scalar field or a wavefront-homogeneous Maxwell field. Considering the most general allowed Maxwell source instead is a highly nontrivial task, which we accomplish by again exploiting the complexified Euler-Darboux description and taking advantage of the classical Riemann method. In fact, this eventually allows us to find the most general configurations for any matter source.

Nonparaxial rogue waves in optical Kerr media.

PubMed

Temgoua, D D Estelle; Kofane, T C

2015-06-01

We consider the inhomogeneous nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation with varying dispersion, nonlinearity, and nonparaxiality coefficients, which governs the nonlinear wave propagation in an inhomogeneous optical fiber system. We present the similarity and Darboux transformations and for the chosen specific set of parameters and free functions, the first- and second-order rational solutions of the nonparaxial NLS equation are generated. In particular, the features of rogue waves throughout polynomial and Jacobian elliptic functions are analyzed, showing the nonparaxial effects. It is shown that the nonparaxiality increases the intensity of rogue waves by increasing the length and reducing the width simultaneously, by the way it increases their speed and penalizes interactions between them. These properties and the characteristic controllability of the nonparaxial rogue waves may give another opportunity to perform experimental realizations and potential applications in optical fibers.

Highly effective action from large N gauge fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Hyun Seok

2014-10-01

Recently Schwarz put forward a conjecture that the world-volume action of a probe D3-brane in an AdS5×S5 background of type IIB superstring theory can be reinterpreted as the highly effective action (HEA) of four-dimensional N =4 superconformal field theory on the Coulomb branch. We argue that the HEA can be derived from the noncommutative (NC) field theory representation of the AdS/CFT correspondence and the Seiberg-Witten (SW) map defining a spacetime field redefinition between ordinary and NC gauge fields. It is based only on the well-known facts that the master fields of large N matrices are higher-dimensional NC U(1) gauge fields and the SW map is a local coordinate transformation eliminating U(1) gauge fields known as the Darboux theorem in symplectic geometry.

Interactions of localized wave structures and dynamics in the defocusing coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

PubMed

Zhang, Guoqiang; Yan, Zhenya; Wen, Xiao-Yong; Chen, Yong

2017-04-01

We investigate the defocusing coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations from a 3×3 Lax pair. The Darboux transformations with the nonzero plane-wave solutions are presented to derive the newly localized wave solutions including dark-dark and bright-dark solitons, breather-breather solutions, and different types of new vector rogue wave solutions, as well as interactions between distinct types of localized wave solutions. Moreover, we analyze these solutions by means of parameters modulation. Finally, the perturbed wave propagations of some obtained solutions are explored by means of systematic simulations, which demonstrates that nearly stable and strongly unstable solutions. Our research results could constitute a significant contribution to explore the distinct nonlinear waves (e.g., dark solitons, breather solutions, and rogue wave solutions) dynamics of the coupled system in related fields such as nonlinear optics, plasma physics, oceanography, and Bose-Einstein condensates.

Manipulation of optical-pulse-imprinted memory in a Λ system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gutiérrez-Cuevas, Rodrigo; Eberly, Joseph H.

2015-09-01

We examine coherent memory manipulation in a Λ -type medium, using the second-order solution presented by Groves, Clader, and Eberly [J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 46, 224005 (2013), 10.1088/0953-4075/46/22/224005] as a guide. The analytical solution obtained using the Darboux transformation and a nonlinear superposition principle describes complicated soliton-pulse dynamics which, by an appropriate choice of parameters, can be simplified to a well-defined sequence of pulses interacting with the medium. In this report, this solution is reviewed and put to test by means of a series of numerical simulations, encompassing all the parameter space and adding the effects of homogeneous broadening due to spontaneous emission. We find that even though the decohered results deviate from the analytical prediction they do follow a similar trend that could be used as a guide for future experiments.

Disconjugacy, regularity of multi-indexed rationally extended potentials, and Laguerre exceptional polynomials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Grandati, Y.; Quesne, C.

2013-07-15

The power of the disconjugacy properties of second-order differential equations of Schrödinger type to check the regularity of rationally extended quantum potentials connected with exceptional orthogonal polynomials is illustrated by re-examining the extensions of the isotonic oscillator (or radial oscillator) potential derived in kth-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics or multistep Darboux-Bäcklund transformation method. The function arising in the potential denominator is proved to be a polynomial with a nonvanishing constant term, whose value is calculated by induction over k. The sign of this term being the same as that of the already known highest degree term, the potential denominator has themore » same sign at both extremities of the definition interval, a property that is shared by the seed eigenfunction used in the potential construction. By virtue of disconjugacy, such a property implies the nodeless character of both the eigenfunction and the resulting potential.« less

High-order rogue wave solutions of the classical massive Thirring model equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Lijuan; Wang, Lihong; Cheng, Yi; He, Jingsong

2017-11-01

The nth-order solutions of the classical massive Thirring model (MTM) equations are derived by using the n-fold Darboux transformation. These solutions are expressed by the ratios of the two determinants consisted of 2n eigenfunctions under the reduction conditions. Using this method, rogue waves are constructed explicitly up to the third-order. Three patterns, i.e., fundamental, triangular and circular patterns, of the rogue waves are discussed. The parameter μ in the MTM model plays the role of the mass in the relativistic field theory while in optics it is related to the medium periodic constant, which also results in a significant rotation and a remarkable lengthening of the first-order rogue wave. These results provide new opportunities to observe rouge waves by using a combination of electromagnetically induced transparency and the Bragg scattering four-wave mixing because of large amplitudes.

Circularly polarized few-cycle optical rogue waves: rotating reduced Maxwell-Bloch equations.

PubMed

Xu, Shuwei; Porsezian, K; He, Jingsong; Cheng, Yi

2013-12-01

The rotating reduced Maxwell-Bloch (RMB) equations, which describe the propagation of few-cycle optical pulses in a transparent media with two isotropic polarized electronic field components, are derived from a system of complete Maxwell-Bloch equations without using the slowly varying envelope approximations. Two hierarchies of the obtained rational solutions, including rogue waves, which are also called few-cycle optical rogue waves, of the rotating RMB equations are constructed explicitly through degenerate Darboux transformation. In addition to the above, the dynamical evolution of the first-, second-, and third-order few-cycle optical rogue waves are constructed with different patterns. For an electric field E in the three lower-order rogue waves, we find that rogue waves correspond to localized large amplitude oscillations of the polarized electric fields. Further a complementary relationship of two electric field components of rogue waves is discussed in terms of analytical formulas as well as numerical figures.

Matter rogue waves in an F=1 spinor Bose-Einstein condensate.

PubMed

Qin, Zhenyun; Mu, Gui

2012-09-01

We report new types of matter rogue waves of a spinor (three-component) model of the Bose-Einstein condensate governed by a system of three nonlinearly coupled Gross-Pitaevskii equations. The exact first-order rational solutions containing one free parameter are obtained by means of a Darboux transformation for the integrable system where the mean-field interaction is attractive and the spin-exchange interaction is ferromagnetic. For different choices of the parameter, there exists a variety of different shaped solutions including two peaks in bright rogue waves and four dips in dark rogue waves. Furthermore, by utilizing the relation between the three-component and the one-component versions of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation, we can devise higher-order rational solutions, in which three components have different shapes. In addition, it is noteworthy that dark rogue wave features disappear in the third-order rational solution.

Dark and antidark soliton interactions in the nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the self-induced parity-time-symmetric potential.

PubMed

Li, Min; Xu, Tao

2015-03-01

Via the Nth Darboux transformation, a chain of nonsingular localized-wave solutions is derived for a nonlocal nonlinear Schrödinger equation with the self-induced parity-time (PT) -symmetric potential. It is found that the Nth iterated solution in general exhibits a variety of elastic interactions among 2N solitons on a continuous-wave background and each interacting soliton could be the dark or antidark type. The interactions with an arbitrary odd number of solitons can also be obtained under different degenerate conditions. With N=1 and 2, the two-soliton and four-soliton interactions and their various degenerate cases are discussed in the asymptotic analysis. Numerical simulations are performed to support the analytical results, and the stability analysis indicates that the PT-symmetry breaking can also destroy the stability of the soliton interactions.

Dynamics and elastic interactions of the discrete multi-dark soliton solutions for the Kaup-Newell lattice equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Nan; Wen, Xiao-Yong

2018-03-01

Under consideration in this paper is the Kaup-Newell (KN) lattice equation which is an integrable discretization of the KN equation. Infinitely, many conservation laws and discrete N-fold Darboux transformation (DT) for this system are constructed and established based on its Lax representation. Via the resulting N-fold DT, the discrete multi-dark soliton solutions in terms of determinants are derived from non-vanishing background. Propagation and elastic interaction structures of such solitons are shown graphically. Overtaking interaction phenomena between/among the two, three and four solitons are discussed. Numerical simulations are used to explore their dynamical behaviors of such multi-dark solitons. Numerical results show that their evolutions are stable against a small noise. Results in this paper might be helpful for understanding the propagation of nonlinear Alfvén waves in plasmas.

Investigation on nonautonomous soliton management in generalized external potentials via dispersion and nonlinearity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vijayalekshmi, S.; Mani Rajan, M. S.; Mahalingam, A.; Uthayakumar, A.

2015-09-01

We investigate the controllable behavior of nonautonomous soliton in external potentials with variable dispersion and nonlinearity management functions, which describes the propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous fiber system. We derive the Lax pair with a variable spectral parameter and the exact multi-soliton solution is generated via Darboux transformation. Based on these solutions, several novel optical solitons are constructed by selecting appropriate functions and the main evolution features of these waves are shown by some interesting figures with computer simulation. As few examples, breathers in periodic potential, soliton compression in an exponentially dispersion decreasing fiber and interaction of boomerang solitons are discussed. The presented results have applications in the study of nonautonomous soliton birefringence-managed switching architecture. These results are potentially useful in the management of nonautonomous soliton with external potentials in the optical soliton communications and long-haul telecommunication networks.

Composite rogue waves and modulation instability for the three-coupled Hirota system in an optical fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chai, Han-Peng; Tian, Bo; Chai, Jun; Du, Zhong

2017-10-01

We investigate the three-coupled Hirota system, which is applied to model the long distance communication and ultrafast signal routing systems governing the propagation of light pulses. With the aid of the Darboux dressing transformation, composite rogue wave solutions are derived. Spatial-temporal structures, including the four-petaled structure for the three-coupled Hirota system, are exhibited. We find that the four-petaled rogue waves occur in two of the three components, whereas the eye-shaped rogue wave occurs in the other one. The composite rogue waves can split up into two or three single rogue waves. The corresponding conditions for the occurrence of such phenomena are discussed and presented. We find that the relative position of every single rogue wave is influenced by the ratios of certain parameters. Besides, the linear instability analysis is performed, and our results agree with those from the baseband modulation instability theory.

Multi-indexed Meixner and little q-Jacobi (Laguerre) polynomials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Odake, Satoru; Sasaki, Ryu

2017-04-01

As the fourth stage of the project multi-indexed orthogonal polynomials, we present the multi-indexed Meixner and little q-Jacobi (Laguerre) polynomials in the framework of ‘discrete quantum mechanics’ with real shifts defined on the semi-infinite lattice in one dimension. They are obtained, in a similar way to the multi-indexed Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials reported earlier, from the quantum mechanical systems corresponding to the original orthogonal polynomials by multiple application of the discrete analogue of the Darboux transformations or the Crum-Krein-Adler deletion of virtual state vectors. The virtual state vectors are the solutions of the matrix Schrödinger equation on all the lattice points having negative energies and infinite norm. This is in good contrast to the (q-)Racah systems defined on a finite lattice, in which the ‘virtual state’ vectors satisfy the matrix Schrödinger equation except for one of the two boundary points.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of lipomyces

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dai, Ziyu; Magnuson, Jon K.; Deng, Shuang

This disclosure provides Agrobacterium-mediated transformation methods for the oil-producing (oleaginous) yeast Lipomyces sp., as well as yeast produced by the method. Such methods utilize Agrobacterium sp. cells that have a T-DNA binary plasmid, wherein the T-DNA binary plasmid comprises a first nucleic acid molecule encoding a first protein and a second nucleic acid molecule encoding a selective marker that permits growth of transformed Lipomyces sp. cells in selective culture media comprising an antibiotic.

A simple and reliable multi-gene transformation method for switchgrass.

PubMed

Ogawa, Yoichi; Shirakawa, Makoto; Koumoto, Yasuko; Honda, Masaho; Asami, Yuki; Kondo, Yasuhiro; Hara-Nishimura, Ikuko

2014-07-01

A simple and reliable Agrobacterium -mediated transformation method was developed for switchgrass. Using this method, many transgenic plants carrying multiple genes-of-interest could be produced without untransformed escape. Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a promising biomass crop for bioenergy. To obtain transgenic switchgrass plants carrying a multi-gene trait in a simple manner, an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method was established by constructing a Gateway-based binary vector, optimizing transformation conditions and developing a novel selection method. A MultiRound Gateway-compatible destination binary vector carrying the bar selectable marker gene, pHKGB110, was constructed to introduce multiple genes of interest in a single transformation. Two reporter gene expression cassettes, GUSPlus and gfp, were constructed independently on two entry vectors and then introduced into a single T-DNA region of pHKGB110 via sequential LR reactions. Agrobacterium tumefaciens EHA101 carrying the resultant binary vector pHKGB112 and caryopsis-derived compact embryogenic calli were used for transformation experiments. Prolonged cocultivation for 7 days followed by cultivation on media containing meropenem improved transformation efficiency without overgrowth of Agrobacterium, which was, however, not inhibited by cefotaxime or Timentin. In addition, untransformed escape shoots were completely eliminated during the rooting stage by direct dipping the putatively transformed shoots into the herbicide Basta solution for a few seconds, designated as the 'herbicide dipping method'. It was also demonstrated that more than 90 % of the bar-positive transformants carried both reporters delivered from pHKGB112. This simple and reliable transformation method, which incorporates a new selection technique and the use of a MultiRound Gateway-based binary vector, would be suitable for producing a large number of transgenic lines carrying multiple genes.

ANALYSES OF THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN BINARY MIXTURES OF CARCINOGENIC PAHS USING MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS

EPA Science Inventory

ANALYSES OF THE INTERACTIONS WITHIN BINARY MIXTURES OF CARCINOGENIC PAHS USING MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF C3HIOT1/2 CL8 CELLS.

Studies of defined mixtures of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have identified three major categories of interacti...

Efficient processing of MPEG-21 metadata in the binary domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Timmerer, Christian; Frank, Thomas; Hellwagner, Hermann; Heuer, Jörg; Hutter, Andreas

2005-10-01

XML-based metadata is widely adopted across the different communities and plenty of commercial and open source tools for processing and transforming are available on the market. However, all of these tools have one thing in common: they operate on plain text encoded metadata which may become a burden in constrained and streaming environments, i.e., when metadata needs to be processed together with multimedia content on the fly. In this paper we present an efficient approach for transforming such kind of metadata which are encoded using MPEG's Binary Format for Metadata (BiM) without additional en-/decoding overheads, i.e., within the binary domain. Therefore, we have developed an event-based push parser for BiM encoded metadata which transforms the metadata by a limited set of processing instructions - based on traditional XML transformation techniques - operating on bit patterns instead of cost-intensive string comparisons.

Superregular breathers, characteristics of nonlinear stage of modulation instability induced by higher-order effects

PubMed Central

Zhang, Jian-Hui; Liu, Chong

2017-01-01

We study the higher-order generalized nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation describing the propagation of ultrashort optical pulse in optical fibres. By using Darboux transformation, we derive the superregular breather solution that develops from a small localized perturbation. This type of solution can be used to characterize the nonlinear stage of the modulation instability (MI) of the condensate. In particular, we show some novel characteristics of the nonlinear stage of MI arising from higher-order effects: (i) coexistence of a quasi-Akhmediev breather and a multipeak soliton; (ii) two multipeak solitons propagation in opposite directions; (iii) a beating pattern followed by two multipeak solitons in the same direction. It is found that these patterns generated from a small localized perturbation do not have the analogues in the standard NLS equation. Our results enrich Zakharov’s theory of superregular breathers and could provide helpful insight on the nonlinear stage of MI in presence of the higher-order effects. PMID:28413335

Combined effects of nonparaxiality, optical activity, and walk-off on rogue wave propagation in optical fibers filled with chiral materials.

PubMed

Temgoua, D D Estelle; Tchokonte, M B Tchoula; Kofane, T C

2018-04-01

The generalized nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in optical fibers filled with chiral materials is reduced to the higher-order integrable Hirota equation. Based on the modified Darboux transformation method, the nonparaxial chiral optical rogue waves are constructed from the scalar model with modulated coefficients. We show that the parameters of nonparaxiality, third-order dispersion, and differential gain or loss term are the main keys to control the amplitude, linear, and nonlinear effects in the model. Moreover, the influence of nonparaxiality, optical activity, and walk-off effect are also evidenced under the defocusing and focusing regimes of the vector nonparaxial NLS equations with constant and modulated coefficients. Through an algorithm scheme of wider applicability on nonparaxial beam propagation methods, the most influential effect and the simultaneous controllability of combined effects are underlined, showing their properties and their potential applications in optical fibers and in a variety of complex dynamical systems.

Vector semirational rogue waves and modulation instability for the coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations in the birefringent optical fibers.

PubMed

Sun, Wen-Rong; Liu, De-Yin; Xie, Xi-Yang

2017-04-01

We report the existence and properties of vector breather and semirational rogue-wave solutions for the coupled higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which describe the propagation of ultrashort optical pulses in birefringent optical fibers. Analytic vector breather and semirational rogue-wave solutions are obtained with Darboux dressing transformation. We observe that the superposition of the dark and bright contributions in each of the two wave components can give rise to complicated breather and semirational rogue-wave dynamics. We show that the bright-dark type vector solitons (or breather-like vector solitons) with nonconstant speed interplay with Akhmediev breathers, Kuznetsov-Ma solitons, and rogue waves. By adjusting parameters, we note that the rogue wave and bright-dark soliton merge, generating the boomeron-type bright-dark solitons. We prove that the rogue wave can be excited in the baseband modulation instability regime. These results may provide evidence of the collision between the mixed ultrashort soliton and rogue wave.

Modulational instability, beak-shaped rogue waves, multi-dark-dark solitons and dynamics in pair-transition-coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations.

PubMed

Zhang, Guoqiang; Yan, Zhenya; Wen, Xiao-Yong

2017-07-01

The integrable coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equations with four-wave mixing are investigated. We first explore the conditions for modulational instability of continuous waves of this system. Secondly, based on the generalized N -fold Darboux transformation (DT), beak-shaped higher-order rogue waves (RWs) and beak-shaped higher-order rogue wave pairs are derived for the coupled model with attractive interaction in terms of simple determinants. Moreover, we derive the simple multi-dark-dark and kink-shaped multi-dark-dark solitons for the coupled model with repulsive interaction through the generalizing DT. We explore their dynamics and classifications by different kinds of spatial-temporal distribution structures including triangular, pentagonal, 'claw-like' and heptagonal patterns. Finally, we perform the numerical simulations to predict that some dark solitons and RWs are stable enough to develop within a short time. The results would enrich our understanding on nonlinear excitations in many coupled nonlinear wave systems with transition coupling effects.

Combined effects of nonparaxiality, optical activity, and walk-off on rogue wave propagation in optical fibers filled with chiral materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Temgoua, D. D. Estelle; Tchokonte, M. B. Tchoula; Kofane, T. C.

2018-04-01

The generalized nonparaxial nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation in optical fibers filled with chiral materials is reduced to the higher-order integrable Hirota equation. Based on the modified Darboux transformation method, the nonparaxial chiral optical rogue waves are constructed from the scalar model with modulated coefficients. We show that the parameters of nonparaxiality, third-order dispersion, and differential gain or loss term are the main keys to control the amplitude, linear, and nonlinear effects in the model. Moreover, the influence of nonparaxiality, optical activity, and walk-off effect are also evidenced under the defocusing and focusing regimes of the vector nonparaxial NLS equations with constant and modulated coefficients. Through an algorithm scheme of wider applicability on nonparaxial beam propagation methods, the most influential effect and the simultaneous controllability of combined effects are underlined, showing their properties and their potential applications in optical fibers and in a variety of complex dynamical systems.

Fermionic Approach to Weighted Hurwitz Numbers and Topological Recursion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexandrov, A.; Chapuy, G.; Eynard, B.; Harnad, J.

2017-12-01

A fermionic representation is given for all the quantities entering in the generating function approach to weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion. This includes: KP and 2D Toda {τ} -functions of hypergeometric type, which serve as generating functions for weighted single and double Hurwitz numbers; the Baker function, which is expanded in an adapted basis obtained by applying the same dressing transformation to all vacuum basis elements; the multipair correlators and the multicurrent correlators. Multiplicative recursion relations and a linear differential system are deduced for the adapted bases and their duals, and a Christoffel-Darboux type formula is derived for the pair correlator. The quantum and classical spectral curves linking this theory with the topological recursion program are derived, as well as the generalized cut-and-join equations. The results are detailed for four special cases: the simple single and double Hurwitz numbers, the weakly monotone case, corresponding to signed enumeration of coverings, the strongly monotone case, corresponding to Belyi curves and the simplest version of quantum weighted Hurwitz numbers.

Fermionic Approach to Weighted Hurwitz Numbers and Topological Recursion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexandrov, A.; Chapuy, G.; Eynard, B.; Harnad, J.

2018-06-01

A fermionic representation is given for all the quantities entering in the generating function approach to weighted Hurwitz numbers and topological recursion. This includes: KP and 2 D Toda {τ} -functions of hypergeometric type, which serve as generating functions for weighted single and double Hurwitz numbers; the Baker function, which is expanded in an adapted basis obtained by applying the same dressing transformation to all vacuum basis elements; the multipair correlators and the multicurrent correlators. Multiplicative recursion relations and a linear differential system are deduced for the adapted bases and their duals, and a Christoffel-Darboux type formula is derived for the pair correlator. The quantum and classical spectral curves linking this theory with the topological recursion program are derived, as well as the generalized cut-and-join equations. The results are detailed for four special cases: the simple single and double Hurwitz numbers, the weakly monotone case, corresponding to signed enumeration of coverings, the strongly monotone case, corresponding to Belyi curves and the simplest version of quantum weighted Hurwitz numbers.

Position-dependent mass, finite-gap systems, and supersymmetry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bravo, Rafael; Plyushchay, Mikhail S.

2016-05-01

The ordering problem in quantum systems with position-dependent mass (PDM) is treated by inclusion of the classically fictitious similarity transformation into the kinetic term. This provides a generation of supersymmetry with the first-order supercharges from the kinetic term alone, while inclusion of the potential term allows us also to generate nonlinear supersymmetry with higher-order supercharges. A broad class of finite-gap systems with PDM is obtained by different reduction procedures, and general results on supersymmetry generation are applied to them. We show that elliptic finite-gap systems of Lamé and Darboux-Treibich-Verdier types can be obtained by reduction to Seiffert's spherical spiral and Bernoulli lemniscate in the presence of Calogero-like or harmonic oscillator potentials, or by angular momentum reduction of a free motion on some AdS2 -related surfaces in the presence of Aharonov-Bohm flux. The limiting cases include the Higgs and Mathews-Lakshmanan oscillator models as well as a reflectionless model with PDM exploited recently in the discussion of cosmological inflationary scenarios.

Nonautonomous characteristics of the breathers and rogue waves for a amplifier nonlinear Schrödinger Maxwell-Bloch system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Lei; Li, Xiao; Zhang, Lu Lu; Li, Min; Qi, Feng-Hua

2015-09-01

Under investigation in this paper is a amplifier nonlinear Schrödinger Maxwell-Bloch (NLS-MB) system which describes the propagation of optical pulses in an inhomogeneous erbium doped fiber. Nonautonomous breather and rogue wave (RW) solutions of the amplifier NLS-MB system are constructed via the modified Darboux transformation with the inhomogeneous parameters. By suitably choosing the dispersion coefficient function, several types of inhomogeneous nonlinear waves are obtained in: (1) periodically fluctuating dispersion profile; (2) exponentially increasing (or decreasing) dispersion profile; and (3) linearly decreasing (increasing) dispersion profile. The nonautonomous characteristics of the breathers and RWs are graphically investigated, including the breather accelerating and decelerating motions, boomerang breather, breather compression, breather evolution, periodic RW, boomerang RW and stationary RW. Such novel patterns as the periodic breathers and rogue-wave fission of the amplifier NLS-MB system are exhibited by properly adjusting the group velocity dispersion function and interaction parameter between silica and doped atoms.

Multiple D3-Instantons and Mock Modular Forms II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alexandrov, Sergei; Banerjee, Sibasish; Manschot, Jan; Pioline, Boris

2018-03-01

We analyze the modular properties of D3-brane instanton corrections to the hypermultiplet moduli space in type IIB string theory compactified on a Calabi-Yau threefold. In Part I, we found a necessary condition for the existence of an isometric action of S-duality on this moduli space: the generating function of DT invariants in the large volume attractor chamber must be a vector-valued mock modular form with specified modular properties. In this work, we prove that this condition is also sufficient at two-instanton order. This is achieved by producing a holomorphic action of {SL(2,Z)} on the twistor space which preserves the holomorphic contact structure. The key step is to cancel the anomalous modular variation of the Darboux coordinates by a local holomorphic contact transformation, which is generated by a suitable indefinite theta series. For this purpose we introduce a new family of theta series of signature (2, n - 2), find their modular completion, and conjecture sufficient conditions for their convergence, which may be of independent mathematical interest.

Image Retrieval using Integrated Features of Binary Wavelet Transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Agarwal, Megha; Maheshwari, R. P.

2011-12-01

In this paper a new approach for image retrieval is proposed with the application of binary wavelet transform. This new approach facilitates the feature calculation with the integration of histogram and correlogram features extracted from binary wavelet subbands. Experiments are performed to evaluate and compare the performance of proposed method with the published literature. It is verified that average precision and average recall of proposed method (69.19%, 41.78%) is significantly improved compared to optimal quantized wavelet correlogram (OQWC) [6] (64.3%, 38.00%) and Gabor wavelet correlogram (GWC) [10] (64.1%, 40.6%). All the experiments are performed on Corel 1000 natural image database [20].

Application of wavelet and Fuorier transforms as powerful alternatives for derivative spectrophotometry in analysis of binary mixtures: A comparative study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hassan, Said A.; Abdel-Gawad, Sherif A.

2018-02-01

Two signal processing methods, namely, Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT) and the second was Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) were introduced as alternatives to the classical Derivative Spectrophotometry (DS) in analysis of binary mixtures. To show the advantages of these methods, a comparative study was performed on a binary mixture of Naltrexone (NTX) and Bupropion (BUP). The methods were compared by analyzing laboratory prepared mixtures of the two drugs. By comparing performance of the three methods, it was proved that CWT and DFT methods are more efficient and advantageous in analysis of mixtures with overlapped spectra than DS. The three signal processing methods were adopted for the quantification of NTX and BUP in pure and tablet forms. The adopted methods were validated according to the ICH guideline where accuracy, precision and specificity were found to be within appropriate limits.

The Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation for relativists

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stewart, John M.

2009-09-01

The Euler-Poisson-Darboux (EPD) equation is the simplest linear hyperbolic equation in two independent variables whose coefficients exhibit singularities, and as such must be of interest as a paradigm to relativists. Sadly it receives scant treatment in the textbooks. The first half of this review is didactic in nature. It discusses in the simplest terms possible the nature of solutions of the EPD equation for the timelike and spacelike singularity cases. Also covered is the Riemann representation of solutions of the characteristic initial value problem, which is hard to find in the literature. The second half examines a few of the possible applications, ranging from explicit computation of the leading terms in the far-field backscatter from predominantly outgoing radiation in a Schwarzschild space-time, to computing explicitly the leading terms in the matter-induced singularities in plane symmetric space-times. There are of course many other applications and the aim of this article is to encourage relativists to investigate this underrated paradigm.

Stellar Astrophysics with a Dispersed Fourier Transform Spectrograph. II. Orbits of Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Behr, Bradford B.; Cenko, Andrew T.; Hajian, Arsen R.; McMillan, Robert S.; Murison, Marc; Meade, Jeff; Hindsley, Robert

2011-07-01

We present orbital parameters for six double-lined spectroscopic binaries (ι Pegasi, ω Draconis, 12 Boötis, V1143 Cygni, β Aurigae, and Mizar A) and two double-lined triple star systems (κ Pegasi and η Virginis). The orbital fits are based upon high-precision radial velocity (RV) observations made with a dispersed Fourier Transform Spectrograph, or dFTS, a new instrument that combines interferometric and dispersive elements. For some of the double-lined binaries with known inclination angles, the quality of our RV data permits us to determine the masses M 1 and M 2 of the stellar components with relative errors as small as 0.2%.

In-situ investigation of stress-induced martensitic transformation in Ti–Nb binary alloys with low Young's modulus [In-situ high-energy X-ray diffraction investigation on stress-induced martensitic transformation in Ti-Nb binary alloys

DOE PAGES

Chang, L. L.; Wang, Y. D.; Ren, Y.

2015-11-04

Microstructure evolution, mechanical behaviors of cold rolled Ti-Nb alloys with different Nb contents subjected to different heat treatments were investigated. Here, optical microstructure and phase compositions of Ti-Nb alloys were characterized using optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometre, while mechanical behaviors of Ti-Nb alloys were examined by using tension tests. Stress-induced martensitic transformation in a Ti-30. at%Nb binary alloy was in-situ explored by synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD). The results obtained suggested that mechanical behavior of Ti-Nb alloys, especially Young's modulus was directly dependent on chemical compositions and heat treatment process. According to the results of HE-XRD, α"-V1 martensite generated priormore » to the formation of α"-V2 during loading and a partial reversible transformation from α"-V1 to β phase was detected while α"-V2 tranformed to β completely during unloading.« less

Structural transformations of sVI tert-butylamine hydrates to sII binary hydrates with methane.

PubMed

Prasad, Pinnelli S R; Sugahara, Takeshi; Sloan, E Dendy; Sum, Amadeu K; Koh, Carolyn A

2009-10-22

Binary clathrate hydrates with methane (CH(4), 4.36 A) and tert-butylamine (t-BuNH(2), 6.72 A) as guest molecules were synthesized at different molar concentrations of t-BuNH(2) (1.00-9.31 mol %) with methane at 7.0 MPa and 250 K, and were characterized by powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD) and Raman microscopy. A structural transformation from sVI to sII of t-BuNH(2) hydrate was clearly observed on pressurizing with methane. The PXRD showed sII signatures and the remnant sVI signatures were insignificant, implying the metastable nature of sVI binary hydrates. Raman spectroscopic data on these binary hydrates suggest that the methane molecules occupy the small cages and vacant large cages. The methane storage capacity in this system was nearly doubled to approximately 6.86 wt % for 5.56 mol % > t-BuNH(2) > 1.0 mol %.

Supersymmetry in the Jaynes-Cummings model

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Castanos, Octavio

2013-06-12

A review is presented of the Darboux method and its relation to the supersymmetric quantum mechanics, together with the embedding of a n-dimensional scalar Hamiltonian into a supersymmetric matrix. It is also shown that the Jaynes-Cummings model, with or without rotating wave approximation, admit a supersymmetric quantum mechanics description.

The construction and use of versatile binary vectors carrying pyrG auxotrophic marker and fluorescent reporter genes for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Aspergillus oryzae.

PubMed

Nguyen, Khuyen Thi; Ho, Quynh Ngoc; Pham, Thu Ha; Phan, Tuan-Nghia; Tran, Van-Tuan

2016-12-01

Aspergillus oryzae is a safe mold widely used in food industry. It is also considered as a microbial cell factory for production of recombinant proteins and enzymes. Currently, genetic manipulation of filamentous fungi is achieved via Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation methods usually employing antibiotic resistance markers. These methods are hardly usable for A. oryzae due to its strong resistance to the common antifungal compounds used for fungal transformation. In this study, we have constructed two binary vectors carrying the pyrG gene from A. oryzae as a biochemical marker than an antibiotic resistance marker, and an expression cassette for GFP or DsRed reporter gene under control of the constitutive gpdA promoter from Aspergillus nidulans. All components of these vectors are changeable to generate new versions for specific research purposes. The developed vectors are fully functional for heterologous expression of the GFP and DsRed fluorescent proteins in the uridine/uracil auxotrophic A. oryzae strain. Our study provides a new approach for A. oryzae transformation using pyrG as the selectable auxotrophic marker, A. tumefaciens as the DNA transfer tool and fungal spores as the transformation material. The binary vectors constructed can be used for gene expression studies in this industrially important filamentous fungus.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Fraxinus pennsylvanica hypocotyls and plant regeneration

Treesearch

Ningxia Du; Paula M. Pijut

2009-01-01

A genetic transformation protocol for green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) hypocotyl explants was developed. Green ash hypocotyls were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring binary vector pq35GR containing the neomycin phosphotransferase (nptII) and β-glucuronidase (GUS) fusion...

Learning moment-based fast local binary descriptor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellarbi, Abdelkader; Zenati, Nadia; Otmane, Samir; Belghit, Hayet

2017-03-01

Recently, binary descriptors have attracted significant attention due to their speed and low memory consumption; however, using intensity differences to calculate the binary descriptive vector is not efficient enough. We propose an approach to binary description called POLAR_MOBIL, in which we perform binary tests between geometrical and statistical information using moments in the patch instead of the classical intensity binary test. In addition, we introduce a learning technique used to select an optimized set of binary tests with low correlation and high variance. This approach offers high distinctiveness against affine transformations and appearance changes. An extensive evaluation on well-known benchmark datasets reveals the robustness and the effectiveness of the proposed descriptor, as well as its good performance in terms of low computation complexity when compared with state-of-the-art real-time local descriptors.

Binary zone-plate array for a parallel joint transform correlator applied to face recognition.

PubMed

Kodate, K; Hashimoto, A; Thapliya, R

1999-05-10

Taking advantage of small aberrations, high efficiency, and compactness, we developed a new, to our knowledge, design procedure for a binary zone-plate array (BZPA) and applied it to a parallel joint transform correlator for the recognition of the human face. Pairs of reference and unknown images of faces are displayed on a liquid-crystal spatial light modulator (SLM), Fourier transformed by the BZPA, intensity recorded on an optically addressable SLM, and inversely Fourier transformed to obtain correlation signals. Consideration of the bandwidth allows the relations among the channel number, the numerical aperture of the zone plates, and the pattern size to be determined. Experimentally a five-channel parallel correlator was implemented and tested successfully with a 100-person database. The design and the fabrication of a 20-channel BZPA for phonetic character recognition are also included.

Dirac(-Pauli), Fokker-Planck equations and exceptional Laguerre polynomials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ho, Choon-Lin, E-mail: hcl@mail.tku.edu.tw

2011-04-15

Research Highlights: > Physical examples involving exceptional orthogonal polynomials. > Exceptional polynomials as deformations of classical orthogonal polynomials. > Exceptional polynomials from Darboux-Crum transformation. - Abstract: An interesting discovery in the last two years in the field of mathematical physics has been the exceptional X{sub l} Laguerre and Jacobi polynomials. Unlike the well-known classical orthogonal polynomials which start with constant terms, these new polynomials have lowest degree l = 1, 2, and ..., and yet they form complete set with respect to some positive-definite measure. While the mathematical properties of these new X{sub l} polynomials deserve further analysis, it ismore » also of interest to see if they play any role in physical systems. In this paper we indicate some physical models in which these new polynomials appear as the main part of the eigenfunctions. The systems we consider include the Dirac equations coupled minimally and non-minimally with some external fields, and the Fokker-Planck equations. The systems presented here have enlarged the number of exactly solvable physical systems known so far.« less

Rational Degenerations of M-Curves, Totally Positive Grassmannians and KP2-Solitons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abenda, Simonetta; Grinevich, Petr G.

2018-03-01

We establish a new connection between the theory of totally positive Grassmannians and the theory of M-curves using the finite-gap theory for solitons of the KP equation. Here and in the following KP equation denotes the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili 2 equation [see (1)], which is the first flow from the KP hierarchy. We also assume that all KP times are real. We associate to any point of the real totally positive Grassmannian Gr^{tp} (N,M) a reducible curve which is a rational degeneration of an M-curve of minimal genus {g=N(M-N)} , and we reconstruct the real algebraic-geometric data á la Krichever for the underlying real bounded multiline KP soliton solutions. From this construction, it follows that these multiline solitons can be explicitly obtained by degenerating regular real finite-gap solutions corresponding to smooth M-curves. In our approach, we rule the addition of each new rational component to the spectral curve via an elementary Darboux transformation which corresponds to a section of a specific projection Gr^{tp} (r+1,M-N+r+1)\\mapsto Gr^{tp} (r,M-N+r).

Effective elimination of chimeric tissue in transgenics for the stable genetic transformation of lesquerella fendleri

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

In order to improve the potential of Lesquerella fendleri as a valuable industrial oilseed crop, a stable genetic transformation system was developed. Genetic transformation was performed by inoculating leaf segments with an Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1 carrying binary vector pCAMBIA 1301.1...

Application of wavelet analysis to estimation of parameters of the gravitational-wave signal from a coalescing binary

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Królak, Andrzej; Trzaskoma, Pawel

1996-05-01

Application of wavelet analysis to the estimation of parameters of the broad-band gravitational-wave signal emitted by a binary system is investigated. A method of instantaneous frequency extraction first proposed in this context by Innocent and Vinet is used. The gravitational-wave signal from a binary is investigated from the point of view of signal analysis theory and it is shown that such a signal is characterized by a large time - bandwidth product. This property enables the extraction of frequency modulation from the wavelet transform of the signal. The wavelet transform of the chirp signal from a binary is calculated analytically. Numerical simulations with the noisy chirp signal are performed. The gravitational-wave signal from a binary is taken in the quadrupole approximation and it is buried in noise corresponding to three different values of the signal-to-noise ratio and the wavelet method to extract the frequency modulation of the signal is applied. Then, from the frequency modulation, the chirp mass parameter of the binary is estimated. It is found that the chirp mass can be estimated to a good accuracy, typically of the order of (20/0264-9381/13/5/006/img5% where 0264-9381/13/5/006/img6 is the optimal signal-to-noise ratio. It is also shown that the post-Newtonian effects in the gravitational wave signal from a binary can be discriminated to a satisfactory accuracy.

Transformation of Lesquerella fendleri with the new binary vector pGPro4-35S

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Crop genetic engineering requires the use of various promoters to control the expression of introduced transgenes. Some of the binary vectors currently available for promoter characterization in dicotyledonous plants have pitfalls due to their construction, such as containing a selectable marker ca...

Riccati Parametric Deformations of the Cornu Spiral

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rosu, Haret C.; Mancas, Stefan C.; Flores-Garduño, Elizabeth

2018-06-01

In this article, a parametric deformation of the Cornu spiral is introduced. The parameter is an integration constant which appears in the general solution of the Riccati equation and is related to the Fresnel integrals. The Argand plots of the deformed spirals are presented and a supersymmetric (Darboux) structure of the deformation is revealed through the factorization approach.

Soliton structure versus singularity analysis: Third-order completely intergrable nonlinear differential equations in 1 + 1-dimensions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fuchssteiner, Benno; Carillo, Sandra

1989-01-01

Bäcklund transformations between all known completely integrable third-order differential equations in (1 + 1)-dimensions are established and the corresponding transformations formulas for their hereditary operators and Hamiltonian formulations are exhibited. Some of these Bäcklund transformations are not injective; therefore additional non-commutative symmetry groups are found for some equations. These non-commutative symmetry groups are classified as having a semisimple part isomorphic to the affine algebra A(1)1. New completely integrable third-order integro-differential equations, some depending explicitly on x, are given. These new equations give rise to nonin equation. Connections between the singularity equations (from the Painlevé analysis) and the nonlinear equations for interacting solitons are established. A common approach to singularity analysis and soliton structure is introduced. The Painlevé analysis is modified in such a sense that it carries over directly and without difficulty to the time evolution of singularity manifolds of equations like the sine-Gordon and nonlinear Schrödinger equation. A method to recover the Painlevé series from its constant level term is exhibit. The soliton-singularity transform is recognized to be connected to the Möbius group. This gives rise to a Darboux-like result for the spectral properties of the recursion operator. These connections are used in order to explain why poles of soliton equations move like trajectories of interacting solitons. Furthermore it is explicitly computed how solitons of singularity equations behave under the effect of this soliton-singularity transform. This then leads to the result that only for scaling degrees α = -1 and α = -2 the usual Painlevé analysis can be carried out. A new invariance principle, connected to kernels of differential operators is discovered. This new invariance, for example, connects the explicit solutions of the Liouville equation with the Miura transform. Simple methods are exhibited which allow to compute out of N-soliton solutions of the KdV (Bargman potentials) explicit solutions of equations like the Harry Dym equation. Certain solutions are plotted.

Genetic transformation of black walnut (Juglans nigra)

Treesearch

Michael J. Bosela; Gurpreet S. Smagh; Charles H. Michler

2004-01-01

Disarmed Agrobacterium tumefaciens strains with binary vectors carrying transgenes for kanamycin resistance (npt II) and β-glucuronidase (GUS, uidA) were used for the genetic transformation of Eastern black walnut (Juglans nigra) somatic embryos. In total, explants from 16 embryo lines...

An improved ternary vector system for Agrobacterium-mediated rapid maize transformation.

PubMed

Anand, Ajith; Bass, Steven H; Wu, Emily; Wang, Ning; McBride, Kevin E; Annaluru, Narayana; Miller, Michael; Hua, Mo; Jones, Todd J

2018-05-01

A simple and versatile ternary vector system that utilizes improved accessory plasmids for rapid maize transformation is described. This system facilitates high-throughput vector construction and plant transformation. The super binary plasmid pSB1 is a mainstay of maize transformation. However, the large size of the base vector makes it challenging to clone, the process of co-integration is cumbersome and inefficient, and some Agrobacterium strains are known to give rise to spontaneous mutants resistant to tetracycline. These limitations present substantial barriers to high throughput vector construction. Here we describe a smaller, simpler and versatile ternary vector system for maize transformation that utilizes improved accessory plasmids requiring no co-integration step. In addition, the newly described accessory plasmids have restored virulence genes found to be defective in pSB1, as well as added virulence genes. Testing of different configurations of the accessory plasmids in combination with T-DNA binary vector as ternary vectors nearly doubles both the raw transformation frequency and the number of transformation events of usable quality in difficult-to-transform maize inbreds. The newly described ternary vectors enabled the development of a rapid maize transformation method for elite inbreds. This vector system facilitated screening different origins of replication on the accessory plasmid and T-DNA vector, and four combinations were identified that have high (86-103%) raw transformation frequency in an elite maize inbred.

Fast measurement of proton exchange membrane fuel cell impedance based on pseudo-random binary sequence perturbation signals and continuous wavelet transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debenjak, Andrej; Boškoski, Pavle; Musizza, Bojan; Petrovčič, Janko; Juričić, Đani

2014-05-01

This paper proposes an approach to the estimation of PEM fuel cell impedance by utilizing pseudo-random binary sequence as a perturbation signal and continuous wavelet transform with Morlet mother wavelet. With the approach, the impedance characteristic in the frequency band from 0.1 Hz to 500 Hz is identified in 60 seconds, approximately five times faster compared to the conventional single-sine approach. The proposed approach was experimentally evaluated on a single PEM fuel cell of a larger fuel cell stack. The quality of the results remains at the same level compared to the single-sine approach.

Partial Data Traces: Efficient Generation and Representation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mueller, F; De Supinski, B R; McKee, S A

2001-08-20

Binary manipulation techniques are increasing in popularity. They support program transformations tailored toward certain program inputs, and these transformations have been shown to yield performance gains beyond the scope of static code optimizations without profile-directed feedback. They even deliver moderate gains in the presence of profile-guided optimizations. In addition, transformations can be performed on the entire executable, including library routines. This work focuses on program instrumentation, yet another application of binary manipulation. This paper reports preliminary results on generating partial data traces through dynamic binary rewriting. The contributions are threefold. First, a portable method for extracting precise data traces formore » partial executions of arbitrary applications is developed. Second, a set of hierarchical structures for compactly representing these accesses is developed. Third, an efficient online algorithm to detect regular accesses is introduced. The authors utilize dynamic binary rewriting to selectively collect partial address traces of regions within a program. This allows partial tracing of hot paths for only a short time during program execution in contrast to static rewriting techniques that lack hot path detection and also lack facilities to limit the duration of data collection. Preliminary results show reductions of three orders of a magnitude of inline instrumentation over a dual process approach involving context switching. They also report constant size representations for regular access patters in nested loops. These efforts are part of a larger project to counter the increasing gap between processor and main memory speeds by means of software optimization and hardware enhancements.« less

Genetic transformation of tobacco NT1 cells with Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

PubMed

Mayo, Kristin J; Gonzales, Barbara J; Mason, Hugh S

2006-01-01

This protocol is used to produce stably transformed tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) NT1 cell lines, using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated DNA delivery of a binary vector containing a gene encoding hepatitis B surface antigen and a gene encoding the kanamycin selection marker. The NT1 cultures, at the appropriate stage of growth, are inoculated with A. tumefaciens containing the binary vector. A 3-day cocultivation period follows, after which the cultures are rinsed and placed on solid selective medium. Transformed colonies ('calli') appear in approximately 4 weeks; they are subcultured until adequate material is obtained for analysis of antigen production. 'Elite' lines are selected based on antigen expression and growth characteristics. The time required for the procedure from preparation of the plant cell materials to callus development is approximately 5 weeks. Growth of selected calli to sufficient quantities for antigen screening may require 4-6 weeks beyond the initial selection. Creation of the plasmid constructs, transformation of the A. tumefaciens line, and ELISA and Bradford assays to assess protein production require additional time.

Modulational instability and dynamics of implicit higher-order rogue wave solutions for the Kundu equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wen, Xiao-Yong; Zhang, Guoqiang

2018-01-01

Under investigation in this paper is the Kundu equation, which may be used to describe the propagation process of ultrashort optical pulses in nonlinear optics. The modulational instability of the plane-wave for the possible reason of the formation of the rogue wave (RW) is studied for the system. Based on our proposed generalized perturbation (n,N - n)-fold Darboux transformation (DT), some new higher-order implicit RW solutions in terms of determinants are obtained by means of the generalized perturbation (1,N - 1)-fold DT, when choosing different special parameters, these results will reduce to the RW solutions of the Kaup-Newell (KN) equation, Chen-Lee-Liu (CLL) equation and Gerjikov-Ivanov (GI) equation, respectively. The relevant wave structures are shown graphically, which display abundant interesting wave structures. The dynamical behaviors and propagation stability of the first-order and second-order RW solutions are discussed by using numerical simulations, the higher-order nonlinear terms for the Kundu equation have an impact on the propagation instability of the RW. The method can also be extended to find the higher-order RW or rational solutions of other integrable nonlinear equations.

Few-cycle optical rogue waves: complex modified Korteweg-de Vries equation.

PubMed

He, Jingsong; Wang, Lihong; Li, Linjing; Porsezian, K; Erdélyi, R

2014-06-01

In this paper, we consider the complex modified Korteweg-de Vries (mKdV) equation as a model of few-cycle optical pulses. Using the Lax pair, we construct a generalized Darboux transformation and systematically generate the first-, second-, and third-order rogue wave solutions and analyze the nature of evolution of higher-order rogue waves in detail. Based on detailed numerical and analytical investigations, we classify the higher-order rogue waves with respect to their intrinsic structure, namely, fundamental pattern, triangular pattern, and ring pattern. We also present several new patterns of the rogue wave according to the standard and nonstandard decomposition. The results of this paper explain the generalization of higher-order rogue waves in terms of rational solutions. We apply the contour line method to obtain the analytical formulas of the length and width of the first-order rogue wave of the complex mKdV and the nonlinear Schrödinger equations. In nonlinear optics, the higher-order rogue wave solutions found here will be very useful to generate high-power few-cycle optical pulses which will be applicable in the area of ultrashort pulse technology.

Semirational rogue waves for the three-coupled fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations in an alpha helical protein

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Zhong; Tian, Bo; Qu, Qi-Xing; Chai, Han-Peng; Wu, Xiao-Yu

2017-12-01

Investigated in this paper are the three-coupled fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations, which describe the dynamics of alpha helical protein with the interspine coupling at the higher order. We show that the representation of the Lax pair with Expressions (42) -(45) in Ref. [25] is not correct, because the three-coupled fourth-order nonlinear Schrödinger equations can not be reproduced by the Lax pair with Expressions (42) -(45) in Ref. [25] through the compatibility condition. Therefore, we recalculate the Lax pair. Based on the recalculated Lax pair, we construct the generalized Darboux transformation, and derive the first- and second-order semirational solutions. Through such solutions, dark-bright-bright soliton, breather-breather-bright soliton, breather soliton and rogue waves are analyzed. It is found that the rogue waves in the three components are mutually proportional. Moreover, three types of the semirational rogue waves consisting of the rogue waves and solitons are presented: (1) consisting of the first-order rogue wave and one soliton; (2) consisting of the first-order rogue wave and two solitons; (3) consisting of the second-order rogue wave and two solitons.

Conservation laws and rogue waves for a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients in the inhomogeneous fiber

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Zhong; Tian, Bo; Wu, Xiao-Yu; Liu, Lei; Sun, Yan

2017-07-01

Subpicosecond or femtosecond optical pulse propagation in the inhomogeneous fiber can be described by a higher-order nonlinear Schrödinger equation with variable coefficients, which is investigated in the paper. Via the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur system and symbolic computation, the Lax pair and infinitely-many conservation laws are deduced. Based on the Lax pair and a modified Darboux transformation technique, the first- and second-order rogue wave solutions are constructed. Effects of the groupvelocity dispersion and third-order dispersion on the properties of the first- and second-order rouge waves are graphically presented and analyzed: The groupvelocity dispersion and third-order dispersion both affect the ranges and shapes of the first- and second-order rogue waves: The third-order dispersion can produce a skew angle of the first-order rogue wave and the skew angle rotates counterclockwise with the increase of the groupvelocity dispersion, when the groupvelocity dispersion and third-order dispersion are chosen as the constants; When the groupvelocity dispersion and third-order dispersion are taken as the functions of the propagation distance, the linear, X-shaped and parabolic trajectories of the rogue waves are obtained.

Adding localization information in a fingerprint binary feature vector representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bringer, Julien; Despiegel, Vincent; Favre, Mélanie

2011-06-01

At BTAS'10, a new framework to transform a fingerprint minutiae template into a binary feature vector of fixed length is described. A fingerprint is characterized by its similarity with a fixed number set of representative local minutiae vicinities. This approach by representative leads to a fixed length binary representation, and, as the approach is local, it enables to deal with local distortions that may occur between two acquisitions. We extend this construction to incorporate additional information in the binary vector, in particular on localization of the vicinities. We explore the use of position and orientation information. The performance improvement is promising for utilization into fast identification algorithms or into privacy protection algorithms.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Easter lily (Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Conditions were optimized for transient transformation of Lilium longiflorum cv. Nellie White using Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Bulb scale and basal meristem explants were inoculated with A. tumefaciens strain AGL1 containing the binary vector pCAMBIA 2301 which has the uidA gene that codes for ß-gl...

Accurate control of a liquid-crystal display to produce a homogenized Fourier transform for holographic memories.

PubMed

Márquez, Andrés; Gallego, Sergi; Méndez, David; Alvarez, Mariela L; Fernández, Elena; Ortuño, Manuel; Neipp, Cristian; Beléndez, Augusto; Pascual, Inmaculada

2007-09-01

We show an accurate procedure to obtain a Fourier transform (FT) with no dc term using a commercial twisted-nematic liquid-crystal display. We focus on the application to holographic storage of binary data pages, where a drastic decrease of the dc term in the FT is highly desirable. Two different codification schemes are considered: binary pi radians phase modulation and hybrid ternary modulation. Any deviation in the values of the amplitude and phase shift generates the appearance of a strong dc term. Experimental results confirm that the calculated configurations provide a FT with no dc term, thus showing the effectiveness of the proposal.

Determination of mango fruit from binary image using randomized Hough transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rizon, Mohamed; Najihah Yusri, Nurul Ain; Abdul Kadir, Mohd Fadzil; bin Mamat, Abd. Rasid; Abd Aziz, Azim Zaliha; Nanaa, Kutiba

2015-12-01

A method of detecting mango fruit from RGB input image is proposed in this research. From the input image, the image is processed to obtain the binary image using the texture analysis and morphological operations (dilation and erosion). Later, the Randomized Hough Transform (RHT) method is used to find the best ellipse fits to each binary region. By using the texture analysis, the system can detect the mango fruit that is partially overlapped with each other and mango fruit that is partially occluded by the leaves. The combination of texture analysis and morphological operator can isolate the partially overlapped fruit and fruit that are partially occluded by leaves. The parameters derived from RHT method was used to calculate the center of the ellipse. The center of the ellipse acts as the gripping point for the fruit picking robot. As the results, the rate of detection was up to 95% for fruit that is partially overlapped and partially covered by leaves.

Detection algorithm for glass bottle mouth defect by continuous wavelet transform based on machine vision

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qian, Jinfang; Zhang, Changjiang

2014-11-01

An efficient algorithm based on continuous wavelet transform combining with pre-knowledge, which can be used to detect the defect of glass bottle mouth, is proposed. Firstly, under the condition of ball integral light source, a perfect glass bottle mouth image is obtained by Japanese Computar camera through the interface of IEEE-1394b. A single threshold method based on gray level histogram is used to obtain the binary image of the glass bottle mouth. In order to efficiently suppress noise, moving average filter is employed to smooth the histogram of original glass bottle mouth image. And then continuous wavelet transform is done to accurately determine the segmentation threshold. Mathematical morphology operations are used to get normal binary bottle mouth mask. A glass bottle to be detected is moving to the detection zone by conveyor belt. Both bottle mouth image and binary image are obtained by above method. The binary image is multiplied with normal bottle mask and a region of interest is got. Four parameters (number of connected regions, coordinate of centroid position, diameter of inner cycle, and area of annular region) can be computed based on the region of interest. Glass bottle mouth detection rules are designed by above four parameters so as to accurately detect and identify the defect conditions of glass bottle. Finally, the glass bottles of Coca-Cola Company are used to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results show that the proposed algorithm can accurately detect the defect conditions of the glass bottles and have 98% detecting accuracy.

Speech Segregation based on Binary Classification

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-07-15

including the IBM, the target binary mask (TBM), the IRM, the short -time Fourier transform spectral magnitude (FFT-MAG) and its corresponding mask (FFT...complementary features and a fixed DNN as the discriminative learning machine. For evaluation metrics, besides SNR, we use the Short -Time Objective...target analysis is a recent successful intelligibility test conducted on both normal-hearing (NH) and hearing-impaired (HI) listeners. The speech

Arikan and Alamouti matrices based on fast block-wise inverse Jacket transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Moon Ho; Khan, Md Hashem Ali; Kim, Kyeong Jin

2013-12-01

Recently, Lee and Hou (IEEE Signal Process Lett 13: 461-464, 2006) proposed one-dimensional and two-dimensional fast algorithms for block-wise inverse Jacket transforms (BIJTs). Their BIJTs are not real inverse Jacket transforms from mathematical point of view because their inverses do not satisfy the usual condition, i.e., the multiplication of a matrix with its inverse matrix is not equal to the identity matrix. Therefore, we mathematically propose a fast block-wise inverse Jacket transform of orders N = 2 k , 3 k , 5 k , and 6 k , where k is a positive integer. Based on the Kronecker product of the successive lower order Jacket matrices and the basis matrix, the fast algorithms for realizing these transforms are obtained. Due to the simple inverse and fast algorithms of Arikan polar binary and Alamouti multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) non-binary matrices, which are obtained from BIJTs, they can be applied in areas such as 3GPP physical layer for ultra mobile broadband permutation matrices design, first-order q-ary Reed-Muller code design, diagonal channel design, diagonal subchannel decompose for interference alignment, and 4G MIMO long-term evolution Alamouti precoding design.

Maize (Zea mays L.).

PubMed

Frame, Bronwyn; Warnberg, Katey; Main, Marcy; Wang, Kan

2015-01-01

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation is an effective method for introducing genes into maize. In this chapter, we describe a detailed protocol for genetic transformation of the maize genotype Hi II. Our starting plant material is immature embryos cocultivated with an Agrobacterium strain carrying a standard binary vector. In addition to step-by-step laboratory transformation procedures, we include extensive details in growing donor plants and caring for transgenic plants in the greenhouse.

Features of quark and lepton mixing from differential geometry of curves on surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bordes, José; Hong-Mo, Chan; Pfaudler, Jakov; Sheung Tsun, Tsou

1998-09-01

It is noted that the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Moskawa (CKM) matrix elements for both quarks and leptons as conceived in the dualized standard model (DSM) can be interpreted as direction cosines obtained by moving the Darboux trihedron (a 3-frame) along a trajectory on a sphere traced out through changing energy scales by a 3-vector factorized from the mass matrix. From the Darboux analogues of the well-known Serret-Frenet formulas for space curves, it is seen that the corner elements (Vub,Vtd for quarks, and Ue3,Uτ1 for leptons) are associated with the (geodesic) torsion, while the other off-diagonal elements (Vus,Vcd and Vcb,Vts for quarks, and Ue2,Uμ1 and Uμ3,Uτ2 for leptons) with the (respectively, geodesic and normal) curvatures of the trajectory. From this it follows that (i) the corner elements in both matrices are much smaller than the other elements, and (ii) the Uμ3,Uτ2 elements for the lepton CKM matrix are much larger than their counterparts in the quark matrix. Both these conclusions are strongly borne out by experiment, for quarks in hadron decays and for leptons in neutrino oscillations, and by previous explicit calculations within the DSM scheme.

Kevlar: Transitioning Helix from Research to Practice

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

protective transformations are applied to application binaries before they are deployed. Salient features of Kevlar include applying high- entropy ...variety of classes. Kevlar uses novel, fine-grained, high- entropy diversification transformations to prevent an attacker from successfully exploiting...Kevlar include applying high- entropy randomization techniques, automated program repairs, leveraging highly-optimized virtual machine technology, and in

Exploring quantum computing application to satellite data assimilation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheung, S.; Zhang, S. Q.

2015-12-01

This is an exploring work on potential application of quantum computing to a scientific data optimization problem. On classical computational platforms, the physical domain of a satellite data assimilation problem is represented by a discrete variable transform, and classical minimization algorithms are employed to find optimal solution of the analysis cost function. The computation becomes intensive and time-consuming when the problem involves large number of variables and data. The new quantum computer opens a very different approach both in conceptual programming and in hardware architecture for solving optimization problem. In order to explore if we can utilize the quantum computing machine architecture, we formulate a satellite data assimilation experimental case in the form of quadratic programming optimization problem. We find a transformation of the problem to map it into Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization (QUBO) framework. Binary Wavelet Transform (BWT) will be applied to the data assimilation variables for its invertible decomposition and all calculations in BWT are performed by Boolean operations. The transformed problem will be experimented as to solve for a solution of QUBO instances defined on Chimera graphs of the quantum computer.

A novel ship CFAR detection algorithm based on adaptive parameter enhancement and wake-aided detection in SAR images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Siqi; Ren, Kan; Lu, Dongming; Gu, Guohua; Chen, Qian; Lu, Guojun

2018-03-01

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is an indispensable and useful method for marine monitoring. With the increase of SAR sensors, high resolution images can be acquired and contain more target structure information, such as more spatial details etc. This paper presents a novel adaptive parameter transform (APT) domain constant false alarm rate (CFAR) to highlight targets. The whole method is based on the APT domain value. Firstly, the image is mapped to the new transform domain by the algorithm. Secondly, the false candidate target pixels are screened out by the CFAR detector to highlight the target ships. Thirdly, the ship pixels are replaced by the homogeneous sea pixels. And then, the enhanced image is processed by Niblack algorithm to obtain the wake binary image. Finally, normalized Hough transform (NHT) is used to detect wakes in the binary image, as a verification of the presence of the ships. Experiments on real SAR images validate that the proposed transform does enhance the target structure and improve the contrast of the image. The algorithm has a good performance in the ship and ship wake detection.

The {sech}( {\\hat{ξ }} ) -Type Profiles: A Swiss-Army Knife for Exact Analytical Modeling of Thermal Diffusion and Wave Propagation in Graded Media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krapez, J.-C.

2018-07-01

This work deals with the exact analytical modeling of transfer phenomena in heterogeneous materials exhibiting one-dimensional continuous variations of their properties. Regarding heat transfer, it has recently been shown that by applying a Liouville transformation and multiple Darboux transformations, infinite sequences of solvable profiles of thermal effusivity can be constructed together with the associated temperature (exact) solutions, all in closed-form expressions (vs. the diffusion-time variable and with a growing number of parameters). In addition, a particular class of profiles, the so-called {sech}( {\\hat{ξ }} ) -type profiles, exhibit high agility and at the same time parsimony. In this paper we delve further into the description of these solvable profiles and their properties. Most importantly, their quadrupole formulation is provided, enabling smooth synthetic profiles of effusivity of arbitrary complexity to be built, and allowing the corresponding temperature dynamic response to be obtained very easily thereafter. Examples are given with increasing variability of the effusivity and an increasing number of elementary profiles. These highly flexible profiles are equally relevant to providing an exact analytical solution to wave propagation problems in 1D graded media (i.e., Maxwell's equations, the acoustic equation, the telegraph equation, etc.). From now on, whether it be for diffusion-like or wave-like problems, when the leading properties present (possibly piecewise-) continuously heterogeneous profiles, the classical staircase model can be advantageously replaced by a "high-level" quadrupole model consisting of one or more {sech}( {\\hat{ξ }} ) -type profiles, which makes the latter a true Swiss-Army knife for analytical modeling.

Cross-indexing of binary SIFT codes for large-scale image search.

PubMed

Liu, Zhen; Li, Houqiang; Zhang, Liyan; Zhou, Wengang; Tian, Qi

2014-05-01

In recent years, there has been growing interest in mapping visual features into compact binary codes for applications on large-scale image collections. Encoding high-dimensional data as compact binary codes reduces the memory cost for storage. Besides, it benefits the computational efficiency since the computation of similarity can be efficiently measured by Hamming distance. In this paper, we propose a novel flexible scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) binarization (FSB) algorithm for large-scale image search. The FSB algorithm explores the magnitude patterns of SIFT descriptor. It is unsupervised and the generated binary codes are demonstrated to be dispreserving. Besides, we propose a new searching strategy to find target features based on the cross-indexing in the binary SIFT space and original SIFT space. We evaluate our approach on two publicly released data sets. The experiments on large-scale partial duplicate image retrieval system demonstrate the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed algorithm.

General simulation algorithm for autocorrelated binary processes.

PubMed

Serinaldi, Francesco; Lombardo, Federico

2017-02-01

The apparent ubiquity of binary random processes in physics and many other fields has attracted considerable attention from the modeling community. However, generation of binary sequences with prescribed autocorrelation is a challenging task owing to the discrete nature of the marginal distributions, which makes the application of classical spectral techniques problematic. We show that such methods can effectively be used if we focus on the parent continuous process of beta distributed transition probabilities rather than on the target binary process. This change of paradigm results in a simulation procedure effectively embedding a spectrum-based iterative amplitude-adjusted Fourier transform method devised for continuous processes. The proposed algorithm is fully general, requires minimal assumptions, and can easily simulate binary signals with power-law and exponentially decaying autocorrelation functions corresponding, for instance, to Hurst-Kolmogorov and Markov processes. An application to rainfall intermittency shows that the proposed algorithm can also simulate surrogate data preserving the empirical autocorrelation.

Mass loss from interacting close binary systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Plavec, M. J.

1981-01-01

The three well-defined classes of evolved binary systems that show evidence of present and/or past mass loss are the cataclysmic variables, the Algols, and Wolf-Rayet stars. It is thought that the transformation of supergiant binary systems into the very short-period cataclysmic variables must have been a complex process. The new evidence that has recently been obtained from the far ultraviolet spectra that a certain subclass of the Algols (the Serpentids) are undergoing fairly rapid evolution is discussed. It is thought probable that the remarkable mass outflow observed in them is connected with a strong wind powered by accretion. The origin of the circumbinary clouds or flat disks that probably surround many strongly interacting binaries is not clear. Attention is also given to binary systems with hot white dwarf or subdwarf components, such as the symbiotic objects and the BQ stars; it is noted that in them both components may be prone to an enhanced stellar wind.

An efficient coding algorithm for the compression of ECG signals using the wavelet transform.

PubMed

Rajoub, Bashar A

2002-04-01

A wavelet-based electrocardiogram (ECG) data compression algorithm is proposed in this paper. The ECG signal is first preprocessed, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is then applied to the preprocessed signal. Preprocessing guarantees that the magnitudes of the wavelet coefficients be less than one, and reduces the reconstruction errors near both ends of the compressed signal. The DWT coefficients are divided into three groups, each group is thresholded using a threshold based on a desired energy packing efficiency. A binary significance map is then generated by scanning the wavelet decomposition coefficients and outputting a binary one if the scanned coefficient is significant, and a binary zero if it is insignificant. Compression is achieved by 1) using a variable length code based on run length encoding to compress the significance map and 2) using direct binary representation for representing the significant coefficients. The ability of the coding algorithm to compress ECG signals is investigated, the results were obtained by compressing and decompressing the test signals. The proposed algorithm is compared with direct-based and wavelet-based compression algorithms and showed superior performance. A compression ratio of 24:1 was achieved for MIT-BIH record 117 with a percent root mean square difference as low as 1.08%.

Deep Hashing for Scalable Image Search.

PubMed

Lu, Jiwen; Liong, Venice Erin; Zhou, Jie

2017-05-01

In this paper, we propose a new deep hashing (DH) approach to learn compact binary codes for scalable image search. Unlike most existing binary codes learning methods, which usually seek a single linear projection to map each sample into a binary feature vector, we develop a deep neural network to seek multiple hierarchical non-linear transformations to learn these binary codes, so that the non-linear relationship of samples can be well exploited. Our model is learned under three constraints at the top layer of the developed deep network: 1) the loss between the compact real-valued code and the learned binary vector is minimized, 2) the binary codes distribute evenly on each bit, and 3) different bits are as independent as possible. To further improve the discriminative power of the learned binary codes, we extend DH into supervised DH (SDH) and multi-label SDH by including a discriminative term into the objective function of DH, which simultaneously maximizes the inter-class variations and minimizes the intra-class variations of the learned binary codes with the single-label and multi-label settings, respectively. Extensive experimental results on eight widely used image search data sets show that our proposed methods achieve very competitive results with the state-of-the-arts.

High Efficiency Transformation of Cultured Tobacco Cells 1

PubMed Central

An, Gynheung

1985-01-01

Tobacco calli were transformed at levels up to 50% by cocultivation of tobacco cultured cells with Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the binary transfer-DNA vector, pGA472, containing a kanamycin resistance marker. Transformation frequency was dependent on the physiological state of the tobacco cells, the nature of Agrobacterium strain and, less so, on the expression of the vir genes of the tumor-inducing plasmid. Maximum transformation frequency was obtained with exponentially growing plant cells, suggesting that rapid growth of plant cells is an essental factor for efficient transformation of higher plants. Images Fig. 1 PMID:16664453

"I would have preferred more options": accounting for non-binary youth in health research.

PubMed

Frohard-Dourlent, Hélène; Dobson, Sarah; Clark, Beth A; Doull, Marion; Saewyc, Elizabeth M

2017-01-01

As a research team focused on vulnerable youth, we increasingly need to find ways to acknowledge non-binary genders in health research. Youth have become more vocal about expanding notions of gender beyond traditional categories of boy/man and girl/woman. Integrating non-binary identities into established research processes is a complex undertaking in a culture that often assumes gender is a binary variable. In this article, we present the challenges at every stage of the research process and questions we have asked ourselves to consider non-binary genders in our work. As researchers, how do we interrogate the assumptions that have made non-binary lives invisible? What challenges arise when attempting to transform research practices to incorporate non-binary genders? Why is it crucial that researchers consider these questions at each step of the research process? We draw on our own research experiences to highlight points of tensions and possibilities for change. Improving access to inclusive health-care for non-binary people, and non-binary youth in particular, is part of creating a more equitable healthcare system. We argue that increased and improved access to inclusive health-care can be supported by research that acknowledges and includes people of all genders. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Tunable porous nanoallotropes prepared by post-assembly etching of binary nanoparticle superlattices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Udayabhaskararao, Thumu; Altantzis, Thomas; Houben, Lothar; Coronado-Puchau, Marc; Langer, Judith; Popovitz-Biro, Ronit; Liz-Marzán, Luis M.; Vuković, Lela; Král, Petr; Bals, Sara; Klajn, Rafal

2017-10-01

Self-assembly of inorganic nanoparticles has been used to prepare hundreds of different colloidal crystals, but almost invariably with the restriction that the particles must be densely packed. Here, we show that non-close-packed nanoparticle arrays can be fabricated through the selective removal of one of two components comprising binary nanoparticle superlattices. First, a variety of binary nanoparticle superlattices were prepared at the liquid-air interface, including several arrangements that were previously unknown. Molecular dynamics simulations revealed the particular role of the liquid in templating the formation of superlattices not achievable through self-assembly in bulk solution. Second, upon stabilization, all of these binary superlattices could be transformed into distinct “nanoallotropes”—nanoporous materials having the same chemical composition but differing in their nanoscale architectures.

Discrimination of portraits using a hybrid parallel joint transform correlator system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inaba, Rieko; Hashimoto, Asako; Kodate, Kashiko

1999-05-01

A hybrid parallel joint transform correlation system is demonstrated through the introduction of a five-channel binary zone plate array and is applied to the discrimination of portraits for a presumed criminal investigation. In order to improve performance, we adopt pe-processing of images with white area of 20%. Furthermore, we discuss the robustness.

Genetic transformation of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli with Agrobacterium to study pathogenesis in Gladiolus

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fusarium rot caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. gladioli (Fog) is one of the most serious diseases of Gladiolus, both in the field and in stored bulbs. In order to study the pathogenesis of this fungus, we have transformed Fog with Agrobacterium tumefaciens binary vectors containing the hygromycin B...

Teaching Problem-Posing and Inquiry to Teachers Using a Non-Traditional Operation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

White, D.; Sullivan, E.

2018-01-01

Teaching teachers to participate in mathematical inquiry has the potential to both transform belief systems about mathematics and to transform teachers from consumers of mathematics to producers of mathematics. The focus of this paper is to describe the use of a problem, based on a non-traditional binary operation, to encourage and teach…

Design quadrilateral apertures in binary computer-generated holograms of large space bandwidth product.

PubMed

Wang, Jing; Sheng, Yunlong

2016-09-20

A new approach for designing the binary computer-generated hologram (CGH) of a very large number of pixels is proposed. Diffraction of the CGH apertures is computed by the analytical Abbe transform and by considering the aperture edges as the basic diffracting elements. The computation cost is independent of the CGH size. The arbitrary-shaped polygonal apertures in the CGH consist of quadrilateral apertures, which are designed by assigning the binary phases using the parallel genetic algorithm with a local search, followed by optimizing the locations of the co-vertices with a direct search. The design results in high performance with low image reconstruction error.

On the transformation behaviour, mechanical properties and biocompatibility of two niti-based shape memory alloys: NiTi42 and NiTi42Cu7.

PubMed

Es-Souni, M; Es-Souni, M; Brandies, H F

2001-08-01

The transformation behaviour, mechanical properties and cytotoxicity of a binary NiTi42 and a ternary NiTi42Cu7 alloy have been investigated. The transformation temperatures were determined via differential scanning calorimetry, the mechanical properties have been investigated in 3-point bending tests in the temperature range between 6 and 60 degrees C. The cytotoxicity tests were performed on both alloys in cultured epithelial cells from human gingiva. The cytotoxicity investigations included both MTT tests and morphological observations. It is shown that although the ternary alloy is characterised by a narrower hysteresis and superior mechanical properties, including fatigue resistance, its cytotoxicity is higher than that of the binary alloy. This is thought to arise from the release of copper ions in the medium, which upon atomic absorption spectroscopy measurements amount to approximately 2.8 microg cm(-2) for an incubation period of 7 days.

Transgenic fertile Scoparia dulcis L., a folk medicinal plant, conferred with a herbicide-resistant trait using an Ri binary vector.

PubMed

Yamazaki, M; Son, L; Hayashi, T; Morita, N; Asamizu, T; Mourakoshi, I; Saito, K

1996-01-01

Transgenic herbicide-resistant Scoparia dulcis plants were obtained by using an Ri binary vector system. The chimeric bar gene encoding phosphinothricin acetyltransferase flanked by the promoter for cauliflower mosaic virus 35S RNA and the terminal sequence for nopaline synthase was introduced in the plant genome by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation by means of scratching young plants. Hairy roots resistant to bialaphos were selected and plantlets (R0) were regenerated. Progenies (S1) were obtained by self-fertilization. The transgenic state was confirmed by DNA-blot hybridization and assaying of neomycin phosphotransferase II. Expression of the bar gene in the transgenic R0 and S1 progenies was indicated by the activity of phosphinothricin acetyltransferase. Transgenic plants accumulated scopadulcic acid B, a specific secondary metabolite of S. dulcis, in amounts of 15-60% compared with that in normal plants. The transgenic plants and progenies showed resistant trait towards bialaphos and phosphinothricin. These results suggest that an Ri binary system is one of the useful tools for the transformation of medicinal plants for which a regeneration protocol has not been established.

Continuous Wavelet Transform, a powerful alternative to Derivative Spectrophotometry in analysis of binary and ternary mixtures: A comparative study.

PubMed

Elzanfaly, Eman S; Hassan, Said A; Salem, Maissa Y; El-Zeany, Badr A

2015-12-05

A comparative study was established between two signal processing techniques showing the theoretical algorithm for each method and making a comparison between them to indicate the advantages and limitations. The methods under study are Numerical Differentiation (ND) and Continuous Wavelet Transform (CWT). These methods were studied as spectrophotometric resolution tools for simultaneous analysis of binary and ternary mixtures. To present the comparison, the two methods were applied for the resolution of Bisoprolol (BIS) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) in their binary mixture and for the analysis of Amlodipine (AML), Aliskiren (ALI) and Hydrochlorothiazide (HCT) as an example for ternary mixtures. By comparing the results in laboratory prepared mixtures, it was proven that CWT technique is more efficient and advantageous in analysis of mixtures with severe overlapped spectra than ND. The CWT was applied for quantitative determination of the drugs in their pharmaceutical formulations and validated according to the ICH guidelines where accuracy, precision, repeatability and robustness were found to be within the acceptable limit. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Phase equilibrium modeling for high temperature metallization on GaAs solar cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chung, M. A.; Davison, J. E.; Smith, S. R.

1991-01-01

Recent trends in performance specifications and functional requirements have brought about the need for high temperature metallization technology to be developed for survivable DOD space systems and to enhance solar cell reliability. The temperature constitution phase diagrams of selected binary and ternary systems were reviewed to determine the temperature and type of phase transformation present in the alloy systems. Of paramount interest are the liquid-solid and solid-solid transformations. Data are being utilized to aid in the selection of electrical contact materials to gallium arsenide solar cells. Published data on the phase diagrams for binary systems is readily available. However, information for ternary systems is limited. A computer model is being developed which will enable the phase equilibrium predictions for ternary systems where experimental data is lacking.

High pressure study of Pu(0.92)Am(0.08) binary alloy.

PubMed

Klosek, V; Griveau, J C; Faure, P; Genestier, C; Baclet, N; Wastin, F

2008-07-09

The phase transitions (by means of x-ray diffraction) and electrical resistivity of a Pu(0.92)Am(0.08) binary alloy were determined under pressure (up to 2 GPa). The evolution of atomic volume with pressure gives detailed information concerning the degree of localization of 5f electronic states and their delocalization process. A quasi-linear V = f(P) dependence reflects subtle modifications of the electronic structure when P increases. The electrical resistivity measurements reveal the very high stability of the δ phase for pressures less than 0.7 GPa, since no martensitic-like transformation occurs at low temperature. Remarkable electronic behaviours have also been observed. Finally, resistivity curves have shown the temperature dependence of the phase transformations together with unexpected kinetic effects.

Encoding plaintext by Fourier transform hologram in double random phase encoding using fingerprint keys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takeda, Masafumi; Nakano, Kazuya; Suzuki, Hiroyuki; Yamaguchi, Masahiro

2012-09-01

It has been shown that biometric information can be used as a cipher key for binary data encryption by applying double random phase encoding. In such methods, binary data are encoded in a bit pattern image, and the decrypted image becomes a plain image when the key is genuine; otherwise, decrypted images become random images. In some cases, images decrypted by imposters may not be fully random, such that the blurred bit pattern can be partially observed. In this paper, we propose a novel bit coding method based on a Fourier transform hologram, which makes images decrypted by imposters more random. Computer experiments confirm that the method increases the randomness of images decrypted by imposters while keeping the false rejection rate as low as in the conventional method.

Simultaneous Local Binary Feature Learning and Encoding for Homogeneous and Heterogeneous Face Recognition.

PubMed

Lu, Jiwen; Erin Liong, Venice; Zhou, Jie

2017-08-09

In this paper, we propose a simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding (SLBFLE) approach for both homogeneous and heterogeneous face recognition. Unlike existing hand-crafted face descriptors such as local binary pattern (LBP) and Gabor features which usually require strong prior knowledge, our SLBFLE is an unsupervised feature learning approach which automatically learns face representation from raw pixels. Unlike existing binary face descriptors such as the LBP, discriminant face descriptor (DFD), and compact binary face descriptor (CBFD) which use a two-stage feature extraction procedure, our SLBFLE jointly learns binary codes and the codebook for local face patches so that discriminative information from raw pixels from face images of different identities can be obtained by using a one-stage feature learning and encoding procedure. Moreover, we propose a coupled simultaneous local binary feature learning and encoding (C-SLBFLE) method to make the proposed approach suitable for heterogeneous face matching. Unlike most existing coupled feature learning methods which learn a pair of transformation matrices for each modality, we exploit both the common and specific information from heterogeneous face samples to characterize their underlying correlations. Experimental results on six widely used face datasets are presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

Geometric properties of commutative subalgebras of partial differential operators

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheglov, A. B.; Kurke, H.

2015-05-01

We investigate further algebro-geometric properties of commutative rings of partial differential operators, continuing our research started in previous articles. In particular, we start to explore the simplest and also certain known examples of quantum algebraically completely integrable systems from the point of view of a recent generalization of Sato's theory, developed by the first author. We give a complete characterization of the spectral data for a class of 'trivial' commutative algebras and strengthen geometric properties known earlier for a class of known examples. We also define a kind of restriction map from the moduli space of coherent sheaves with fixed Hilbert polynomial on a surface to an analogous moduli space on a divisor (both the surface and the divisor are part of the spectral data). We give several explicit examples of spectral data and corresponding algebras of commuting (completed) operators, producing as a by-product interesting examples of surfaces that are not isomorphic to spectral surfaces of any (maximal) commutative ring of partial differential operators of rank one. Finally, we prove that any commutative ring of partial differential operators whose normalization is isomorphic to the ring of polynomials k \\lbrack u,t \\rbrack is a Darboux transformation of a ring of operators with constant coefficients. Bibliography: 39 titles.

Rogue periodic waves of the modified KdV equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jinbing; Pelinovsky, Dmitry E.

2018-05-01

Rogue periodic waves stand for rogue waves on a periodic background. Two families of travelling periodic waves of the modified Korteweg–de Vries (mKdV) equation in the focusing case are expressed by the Jacobian elliptic functions dn and cn. By using one-fold and two-fold Darboux transformations of the travelling periodic waves, we construct new explicit solutions for the mKdV equation. Since the dn-periodic wave is modulationally stable with respect to long-wave perturbations, the new solution constructed from the dn-periodic wave is a nonlinear superposition of an algebraically decaying soliton and the dn-periodic wave. On the other hand, since the cn-periodic wave is modulationally unstable with respect to long-wave perturbations, the new solution constructed from the cn-periodic wave is a rogue wave on the cn-periodic background, which generalizes the classical rogue wave (the so-called Peregrine’s breather) of the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. We compute the magnification factor for the rogue cn-periodic wave of the mKdV equation and show that it remains constant for all amplitudes. As a by-product of our work, we find explicit expressions for the periodic eigenfunctions of the spectral problem associated with the dn and cn periodic waves of the mKdV equation.

Martensitic transformation and phase diagram in ternary Co-V-Ga Heusler alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Xiao; Nagashima, Akihide; Nagasako, Makoto; Omori, Toshihiro; Kanomata, Takeshi; Kainuma, Ryosuke

2017-03-01

We report the martensitic transformation behavior in Co-V-Ga Heusler alloys. Thermoanalysis and thermomagnetization measurements were conducted to observe the martensitic transformation. By using a transmission electron microscope and an in situ X-ray diffractometer, martensitic transformation was found to occur from the L21 Heusler parent phase to the D022 martensite phase. Phase diagrams were determined for two pseudo-binary sections where martensitic transformation was detected. Magnetic properties, including the Curie temperatures and spontaneous magnetization of the parent phase, were also investigated. The magnetic properties showing behaviors different from those of NiMn-based alloys were found.

Iterative quantization: a Procrustean approach to learning binary codes for large-scale image retrieval.

PubMed

Gong, Yunchao; Lazebnik, Svetlana; Gordo, Albert; Perronnin, Florent

2013-12-01

This paper addresses the problem of learning similarity-preserving binary codes for efficient similarity search in large-scale image collections. We formulate this problem in terms of finding a rotation of zero-centered data so as to minimize the quantization error of mapping this data to the vertices of a zero-centered binary hypercube, and propose a simple and efficient alternating minimization algorithm to accomplish this task. This algorithm, dubbed iterative quantization (ITQ), has connections to multiclass spectral clustering and to the orthogonal Procrustes problem, and it can be used both with unsupervised data embeddings such as PCA and supervised embeddings such as canonical correlation analysis (CCA). The resulting binary codes significantly outperform several other state-of-the-art methods. We also show that further performance improvements can result from transforming the data with a nonlinear kernel mapping prior to PCA or CCA. Finally, we demonstrate an application of ITQ to learning binary attributes or "classemes" on the ImageNet data set.

Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks.

PubMed

Liu, Da; Xu, Ming; Niu, Dongxiao; Wang, Shoukai; Liang, Sai

2016-01-01

Traditional forecasting models fit a function approximation from dependent invariables to independent variables. However, they usually get into trouble when date are presented in various formats, such as text, voice and image. This study proposes a novel image-encoded forecasting method that input and output binary digital two-dimensional (2D) images are transformed from decimal data. Omitting any data analysis or cleansing steps for simplicity, all raw variables were selected and converted to binary digital images as the input of a deep learning model, convolutional neural network (CNN). Using shared weights, pooling and multiple-layer back-propagation techniques, the CNN was adopted to locate the nexus among variations in local binary digital images. Due to the computing capability that was originally developed for binary digital bitmap manipulation, this model has significant potential for forecasting with vast volume of data. The model was validated by a power loads predicting dataset from the Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012.

Forecast Modelling via Variations in Binary Image-Encoded Information Exploited by Deep Learning Neural Networks

PubMed Central

Xu, Ming; Niu, Dongxiao; Wang, Shoukai; Liang, Sai

2016-01-01

Traditional forecasting models fit a function approximation from dependent invariables to independent variables. However, they usually get into trouble when date are presented in various formats, such as text, voice and image. This study proposes a novel image-encoded forecasting method that input and output binary digital two-dimensional (2D) images are transformed from decimal data. Omitting any data analysis or cleansing steps for simplicity, all raw variables were selected and converted to binary digital images as the input of a deep learning model, convolutional neural network (CNN). Using shared weights, pooling and multiple-layer back-propagation techniques, the CNN was adopted to locate the nexus among variations in local binary digital images. Due to the computing capability that was originally developed for binary digital bitmap manipulation, this model has significant potential for forecasting with vast volume of data. The model was validated by a power loads predicting dataset from the Global Energy Forecasting Competition 2012. PMID:27281032

Regulated dc-to-dc converter for voltage step-up or step-down with input-output isolation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feng, S. Y.; Wilson, T. G. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

A closed loop regulated dc-to-dc converter employing an unregulated two winding inductive energy storage converter is provided by using a magnetically coupled multivibrator acting as duty cycle generator to drive the converter. The multivibrator is comprised of two transistor switches and a saturable transformer. The output of the converter is compared with a reference in a comparator which transmits a binary zero until the output exceeds the reference. When the output exceeds the reference, the binary output of the comparator drives transistor switches to turn the multivibrator off. The multivibrator is unbalanced so that a predetermined transistor will always turn on first when the binary feedback signal becomes zero.

Thermal Annealing Effect on Optical Properties of Binary TiO₂-SiO₂ Sol-Gel Coatings.

PubMed

Wang, Xiaodong; Wu, Guangming; Zhou, Bin; Shen, Jun

2012-12-24

TiO₂-SiO₂ binary coatings were deposited by a sol-gel dip-coating method using tetrabutyl titanate and tetraethyl orthosilicate as precursors. The structure and chemical composition of the coatings annealed at different temperatures were analyzed by Raman spectroscopy and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The refractive indices of the coatings were calculated from the measured transmittance and reflectance spectra. An increase in refractive index with the high temperature thermal annealing process was observed. The Raman and FTIR results indicate that the refractive index variation is due to changes in the removal of the organic component, phase separation and the crystal structure of the binary coatings.

Simultaneous Transformation of Commingled Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, and 1,4-Dioxane by a Microbially Driven Fenton Reaction in Batch Liquid Cultures.

PubMed

Sekar, Ramanan; Taillefert, Martial; DiChristina, Thomas J

2016-11-01

Improper disposal of 1,4-dioxane and the chlorinated organic solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene [PCE]) has resulted in widespread contamination of soil and groundwater. In the present study, a previously designed microbially driven Fenton reaction system was reconfigured to generate hydroxyl (HO˙) radicals for simultaneous transformation of source zone levels of single, binary, and ternary mixtures of TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system was driven by fed batch cultures of the Fe(III)-reducing facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis amended with lactate, Fe(III), and contaminants and exposed to alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions. To avoid contaminant loss due to volatility, the Fe(II)-generating, hydrogen peroxide-generating, and contaminant transformation phases of the microbially driven Fenton reaction system were separated. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system transformed TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane either as single contaminants or as binary and ternary mixtures. In the presence of equimolar concentrations of PCE and TCE, the ratio of the experimentally derived rates of PCE and TCE transformation was nearly identical to the ratio of the corresponding HO˙ radical reaction rate constants. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system may be applied as an ex situ platform for simultaneous degradation of commingled TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane and provides valuable information for future development of in situ remediation technologies. A microbially driven Fenton reaction system [driven by the Fe(III)-reducing facultative anaerobe S. oneidensis] was reconfigured to transform source zone levels of TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane as single contaminants or as binary and ternary mixtures. The microbially driven Fenton reaction may thus be applied as an ex situ platform for simultaneous degradation of at least three (and potentially more) commingled contaminants. Additional targets for ex situ and in situ degradation by the microbially driven Fenton reaction developed in the present study include multiple combinations of environmental contaminants susceptible to attack by Fenton reaction-generated HO˙ radicals, including commingled plumes of 1,4-dioxane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), PCE, TCE, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA), and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). Copyright © 2016, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved.

Simultaneous Transformation of Commingled Trichloroethylene, Tetrachloroethylene, and 1,4-Dioxane by a Microbially Driven Fenton Reaction in Batch Liquid Cultures

PubMed Central

Sekar, Ramanan; Taillefert, Martial

2016-01-01

ABSTRACT Improper disposal of 1,4-dioxane and the chlorinated organic solvents trichloroethylene (TCE) and tetrachloroethylene (also known as perchloroethylene [PCE]) has resulted in widespread contamination of soil and groundwater. In the present study, a previously designed microbially driven Fenton reaction system was reconfigured to generate hydroxyl (HO˙) radicals for simultaneous transformation of source zone levels of single, binary, and ternary mixtures of TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system was driven by fed batch cultures of the Fe(III)-reducing facultative anaerobe Shewanella oneidensis amended with lactate, Fe(III), and contaminants and exposed to alternating anaerobic and aerobic conditions. To avoid contaminant loss due to volatility, the Fe(II)-generating, hydrogen peroxide-generating, and contaminant transformation phases of the microbially driven Fenton reaction system were separated. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system transformed TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane either as single contaminants or as binary and ternary mixtures. In the presence of equimolar concentrations of PCE and TCE, the ratio of the experimentally derived rates of PCE and TCE transformation was nearly identical to the ratio of the corresponding HO˙ radical reaction rate constants. The reconfigured Fenton reaction system may be applied as an ex situ platform for simultaneous degradation of commingled TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane and provides valuable information for future development of in situ remediation technologies. IMPORTANCE A microbially driven Fenton reaction system [driven by the Fe(III)-reducing facultative anaerobe S. oneidensis] was reconfigured to transform source zone levels of TCE, PCE, and 1,4-dioxane as single contaminants or as binary and ternary mixtures. The microbially driven Fenton reaction may thus be applied as an ex situ platform for simultaneous degradation of at least three (and potentially more) commingled contaminants. Additional targets for ex situ and in situ degradation by the microbially driven Fenton reaction developed in the present study include multiple combinations of environmental contaminants susceptible to attack by Fenton reaction-generated HO˙ radicals, including commingled plumes of 1,4-dioxane, pentachlorophenol (PCP), PCE, TCE, 1,1,2-trichloroethane (TCA), and perfluoroalkylated substances (PFAS). PMID:27542932

Electric-field assisted spin torque nano-oscillator and binary frequency shift keying modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiangli; Chen, Hao-Hsuan; Zhang, Zongzhi; Liu, Yaowen

2018-04-01

Electric-controlled magnetization precession introduces technologically relevant possibility for developing spin torque nano-oscillators (STNO) with potential applications in microwave emission. Using the perpendicularly magnetized magnetic tunnel junction (MTJ), we show that the magnetization oscillation frequency can be tuned by the co-action of electric field and spin polarized current. The dynamical phase diagram of MTJ-based STNO is analytically predicted through coordinate transformation from the laboratory frame to the rotation frame, by which the nonstationary out-of-plane magnetization precession process is therefore transformed into the stationary process in the rotation frame. Furthermore, using this STNO as a microwave source, we numerically demonstrate that the bit signal can be transmitted by a binary frequency shift keying (BFSK) modulation technique. The BFSK scheme shows good modulation features with no transient state.

Grafting of vinyl acetate-ethylacrylate binary monomer mixture onto guar gum.

PubMed

Singh, Vandana; Singh, Angela; Joshi, Sneha; Malviya, Tulika

2016-03-01

Present article reports on guar gum (GG) functionalization through graftcopolymerization of vinylacetate (VAC) and ethylacrylate (EA) from their binary mixtures. The potassium persulfate/ascorbic acid (KPS/AA) redox initiator system has been used for the binary grafting under the previously optimized conditions for VAC grafting at guar gum. The concentration of ascorbic acid (AA), persulfate (KPS), and grafting temperature were varied to optimize the binary grafting. A preliminary investigation revealed that the copolymer has excellent ability to capture Hg(II) from aqueous solution. It was observed that the optimum % grafting sample (CP3) was best at Hg(II) adsorption. CP3 and mercury loaded CP3 (CP3-Hg) have been extensively characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA) and a plausible mechanism for the grafting has been proposed. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Chemical composition and binary mixture of human urinary stones using FT-Raman spectroscopy method.

PubMed

Selvaraju, R; Raja, A; Thiruppathi, G

2013-10-01

In the present study the human urinary stones were observed in their different chemical compositions of calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate, struvite (magnesium ammonium phosphate), uric acid, cystine, oxammite (ammonium oxalate monohydrate), natroxalate (sodium oxalate), glushinkite (magnesium oxalate dihydrate) and moolooite (copper oxalate) were analyzed using Fourier Transform-Raman (FT-Raman) spectroscopy. For the quantitative analysis, various human urinary stone samples are used for ratios calculation of binary mixtures compositions such as COM/COD, HAP/COD, HAP/COD, Uric acid/COM, uric acid/COD and uric acid/HAP. The calibration curve is used for further analysis of binary mixture of human urinary stones. For the binary mixture calculation the various intensities bands at 1462 cm(-1) (I(COM)), 1473 cm(-1) (I(COD)), 961 cm(-1) (I(HAP)) and 1282 cm(-1) (I(UA)) were used. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improvement of tissue culture, genetic transformation, and applications of biotechnology to Brassica.

PubMed

Ravanfar, Seyed Ali; Orbovic, Vladimir; Moradpour, Mahdi; Abdul Aziz, Maheran; Karan, Ratna; Wallace, Simon; Parajuli, Saroj

2017-04-01

Development of in vitro plant regeneration method from Brassica explants via organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis is influenced by many factors such as culture environment, culture medium composition, explant sources, and genotypes which are reviewed in this study. An efficient in vitro regeneration system to allow genetic transformation of Brassica is a crucial tool for improving its economical value. Methods to optimize transformation protocols for the efficient introduction of desirable traits, and a comparative analysis of these methods are also reviewed. Hence, binary vectors, selectable marker genes, minimum inhibitory concentration of selection agents, reporter marker genes, preculture media, Agrobacterium concentration and regeneration ability of putative transformants for improvement of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brassica are discussed.

MBR-SIFT: A mirror reflected invariant feature descriptor using a binary representation for image matching.

PubMed

Su, Mingzhe; Ma, Yan; Zhang, Xiangfen; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Yuping

2017-01-01

The traditional scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) method can extract distinctive features for image matching. However, it is extremely time-consuming in SIFT matching because of the use of the Euclidean distance measure. Recently, many binary SIFT (BSIFT) methods have been developed to improve matching efficiency; however, none of them is invariant to mirror reflection. To address these problems, in this paper, we present a horizontal or vertical mirror reflection invariant binary descriptor named MBR-SIFT, in addition to a novel image matching approach. First, 16 cells in the local region around the SIFT keypoint are reorganized, and then the 128-dimensional vector of the SIFT descriptor is transformed into a reconstructed vector according to eight directions. Finally, the MBR-SIFT descriptor is obtained after binarization and reverse coding. To improve the matching speed and accuracy, a fast matching algorithm that includes a coarse-to-fine two-step matching strategy in addition to two similarity measures for the MBR-SIFT descriptor are proposed. Experimental results on the UKBench dataset show that the proposed method not only solves the problem of mirror reflection, but also ensures desirable matching accuracy and speed.

MBR-SIFT: A mirror reflected invariant feature descriptor using a binary representation for image matching

PubMed Central

Su, Mingzhe; Ma, Yan; Zhang, Xiangfen; Wang, Yan; Zhang, Yuping

2017-01-01

The traditional scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) method can extract distinctive features for image matching. However, it is extremely time-consuming in SIFT matching because of the use of the Euclidean distance measure. Recently, many binary SIFT (BSIFT) methods have been developed to improve matching efficiency; however, none of them is invariant to mirror reflection. To address these problems, in this paper, we present a horizontal or vertical mirror reflection invariant binary descriptor named MBR-SIFT, in addition to a novel image matching approach. First, 16 cells in the local region around the SIFT keypoint are reorganized, and then the 128-dimensional vector of the SIFT descriptor is transformed into a reconstructed vector according to eight directions. Finally, the MBR-SIFT descriptor is obtained after binarization and reverse coding. To improve the matching speed and accuracy, a fast matching algorithm that includes a coarse-to-fine two-step matching strategy in addition to two similarity measures for the MBR-SIFT descriptor are proposed. Experimental results on the UKBench dataset show that the proposed method not only solves the problem of mirror reflection, but also ensures desirable matching accuracy and speed. PMID:28542537

Invariant correlation to position and rotation using a binary mask applied to binary and gray images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Álvarez-Borrego, Josué; Solorza, Selene; Bueno-Ibarra, Mario A.

2013-05-01

In this paper more alternative ways to generate the binary ring masks are studied and a new methodology is presented when in the analysis the image come with some distortion due to rotation. This new algorithm requires low computational cost. Signature vectors of the target so like signature vectors of the object to be recognized in the problem image are obtained using a binary ring mask constructed in accordance with the real or the imaginary part of their Fourier transform analyzing two different conditions in each one. In this manner, each image target or problem image, will have four unique binary ring masks. The four ways are analyzed and the best is chosen. In addition, due to any image with rotation include some distortion, the best transect is chosen in the Fourier plane in order to obtain the best signature through the different ways to obtain the binary mask. This methodology is applied to two cases: to identify different types of alphabetic letters in Arial font and to identify different fossil diatoms images. Considering the great similarity between diatom images the results obtained are excellent.

Topology-Preserving Rigid Transformation of 2D Digital Images.

PubMed

Ngo, Phuc; Passat, Nicolas; Kenmochi, Yukiko; Talbot, Hugues

2014-02-01

We provide conditions under which 2D digital images preserve their topological properties under rigid transformations. We consider the two most common digital topology models, namely dual adjacency and well-composedness. This paper leads to the proposal of optimal preprocessing strategies that ensure the topological invariance of images under arbitrary rigid transformations. These results and methods are proved to be valid for various kinds of images (binary, gray-level, label), thus providing generic and efficient tools, which can be used in particular in the context of image registration and warping.

Multi-Scale Distributed Representation for Deep Learning and its Application to b-Jet Tagging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jason Sang Hun; Park, Inkyu; Park, Sangnam

2018-06-01

Recently machine learning algorithms based on deep layered artificial neural networks (DNNs) have been applied to a wide variety of high energy physics problems such as jet tagging or event classification. We explore a simple but effective preprocessing step which transforms each realvalued observational quantity or input feature into a binary number with a fixed number of digits. Each binary digit represents the quantity or magnitude in different scales. We have shown that this approach improves the performance of DNNs significantly for some specific tasks without any further complication in feature engineering. We apply this multi-scale distributed binary representation to deep learning on b-jet tagging using daughter particles' momenta and vertex information.

Quantitative measurement of indomethacin crystallinity in indomethacin-silica gel binary system using differential scanning calorimetry and X-ray powder diffractometry.

PubMed

Pan, Xiaohong; Julian, Thomas; Augsburger, Larry

2006-02-10

Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray powder diffractometry (XRPD) methods were developed for the quantitative analysis of the crystallinity of indomethacin (IMC) in IMC and silica gel (SG) binary system. The DSC calibration curve exhibited better linearity than that of XRPD. No phase transformation occurred in the IMC-SG mixtures during DSC measurement. The major sources of error in DSC measurements were inhomogeneous mixing and sampling. Analyzing the amount of IMC in the mixtures using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) could reduce the sampling error. DSC demonstrated greater sensitivity and had less variation in measurement than XRPD in quantifying crystalline IMC in the IMC-SG binary system.

Vector disformal transformation of cosmological perturbations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papadopoulos, Vassilis; Zarei, Moslem; Firouzjahi, Hassan; Mukohyama, Shinji

2018-03-01

We study disformal transformations of cosmological perturbations by vector fields in theories invariant under U (1 ) gauge transformations. Three types of vector disformal transformations are considered: (i) disformal transformations by a single timelike vector; (ii) disformal transformations by a single spacelike vector; and (iii) disformal transformations by three spacelike vectors. We show that transformations of type (i) do not change either curvature perturbation or gravitational waves; that those of type (ii) do not change curvature perturbation but change gravitational waves; and that those of type (iii) change both curvature perturbation and gravitational waves. Therefore, coupling matter fields to the metric after disformal transformations of type (ii) or (iii) in principle have observable consequences. While the recent multi-messenger observation of binary neutron stars has singled out a proper disformal frame at the present epoch with a high precision, the result of the present paper may thus help distinguishing disformal frames in the early universe.

A learning framework for age rank estimation based on face images with scattering transform.

PubMed

Chang, Kuang-Yu; Chen, Chu-Song

2015-03-01

This paper presents a cost-sensitive ordinal hyperplanes ranking algorithm for human age estimation based on face images. The proposed approach exploits relative-order information among the age labels for rank prediction. In our approach, the age rank is obtained by aggregating a series of binary classification results, where cost sensitivities among the labels are introduced to improve the aggregating performance. In addition, we give a theoretical analysis on designing the cost of individual binary classifier so that the misranking cost can be bounded by the total misclassification costs. An efficient descriptor, scattering transform, which scatters the Gabor coefficients and pooled with Gaussian smoothing in multiple layers, is evaluated for facial feature extraction. We show that this descriptor is a generalization of conventional bioinspired features and is more effective for face-based age inference. Experimental results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art age estimation approaches.

Numerical Generation of Double Star Images for Different Types of Telescopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xavier, Ademir

2015-11-01

This paper reviews the modeling of stellar images using diffraction theory applied to different types of telescope masks. The masks are projected by secondary mirror holder vanes (such as the spider type) or holes on the primary mirror which result in different configurations of single stellar images. Using Fast Fourier Transform, the image of binary stars with different magnitudes is calculated. Given the numerical results obtained, a discussion is presented on the best secondary vane configurations and on the effect of obstruction types for the separation of binary pairs with different magnitudes.

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.).

PubMed

Feeney, Mistianne; Punja, Zamir K

2015-01-01

Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) suspension culture cells were transformed with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA101 carrying the binary plasmid pNOV3635. The plasmid contains a phosphomannose isomerase (PMI) selectable marker gene. Cells transformed with PMI are capable of metabolizing the selective agent mannose, whereas cells not expressing the gene are incapable of using the carbon source and will stop growing. Callus masses proliferating on selection medium were screened for PMI expression using a chlorophenol red assay. Genomic DNA was extracted from putatively transformed callus lines, and the presence of the PMI gene was confirmed using PCR and Southern hybridization. Using this method, an average transformation frequency of 31.23% ± 0.14 was obtained for all transformation experiments, with a range of 15.1-55.3%.

Binary Cell Fate Decisions and Fate Transformation in the Drosophila Larval Eye

PubMed Central

Rister, Jens; Ng, June; Celik, Arzu; Sprecher, Simon G.

2013-01-01

The functionality of sensory neurons is defined by the expression of specific sensory receptor genes. During the development of the Drosophila larval eye, photoreceptor neurons (PRs) make a binary choice to express either the blue-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Rh5) or the green-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Rh6). Later during metamorphosis, ecdysone signaling induces a cell fate and sensory receptor switch: Rh5-PRs are re-programmed to express Rh6 and become the eyelet, a small group of extraretinal PRs involved in circadian entrainment. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of how the binary cell fate decisions are made and switched remain poorly understood. We show that interplay of two transcription factors Senseless (Sens) and Hazy control cell fate decisions, terminal differentiation of the larval eye and its transformation into eyelet. During initial differentiation, a pulse of Sens expression in primary precursors regulates their differentiation into Rh5-PRs and repression of an alternative Rh6-cell fate. Later, during the transformation of the larval eye into the adult eyelet, Sens serves as an anti-apoptotic factor in Rh5-PRs, which helps in promoting survival of Rh5-PRs during metamorphosis and is subsequently required for Rh6 expression. Comparably, during PR differentiation Hazy functions in initiation and maintenance of rhodopsin expression. Hazy represses Sens specifically in the Rh6-PRs, allowing them to die during metamorphosis. Our findings show that the same transcription factors regulate diverse aspects of larval and adult PR development at different stages and in a context-dependent manner. PMID:24385925

Binary cell fate decisions and fate transformation in the Drosophila larval eye.

PubMed

Mishra, Abhishek Kumar; Tsachaki, Maria; Rister, Jens; Ng, June; Celik, Arzu; Sprecher, Simon G

2013-01-01

The functionality of sensory neurons is defined by the expression of specific sensory receptor genes. During the development of the Drosophila larval eye, photoreceptor neurons (PRs) make a binary choice to express either the blue-sensitive Rhodopsin 5 (Rh5) or the green-sensitive Rhodopsin 6 (Rh6). Later during metamorphosis, ecdysone signaling induces a cell fate and sensory receptor switch: Rh5-PRs are re-programmed to express Rh6 and become the eyelet, a small group of extraretinal PRs involved in circadian entrainment. However, the genetic and molecular mechanisms of how the binary cell fate decisions are made and switched remain poorly understood. We show that interplay of two transcription factors Senseless (Sens) and Hazy control cell fate decisions, terminal differentiation of the larval eye and its transformation into eyelet. During initial differentiation, a pulse of Sens expression in primary precursors regulates their differentiation into Rh5-PRs and repression of an alternative Rh6-cell fate. Later, during the transformation of the larval eye into the adult eyelet, Sens serves as an anti-apoptotic factor in Rh5-PRs, which helps in promoting survival of Rh5-PRs during metamorphosis and is subsequently required for Rh6 expression. Comparably, during PR differentiation Hazy functions in initiation and maintenance of rhodopsin expression. Hazy represses Sens specifically in the Rh6-PRs, allowing them to die during metamorphosis. Our findings show that the same transcription factors regulate diverse aspects of larval and adult PR development at different stages and in a context-dependent manner.

Localized waves in three-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Tao; Chen, Yong

2016-09-01

We study the generalized Darboux transformation to the three-component coupled nonlinear Schrödinger equation. First- and second-order localized waves are obtained by this technique. In first-order localized wave, we get the interactional solutions between first-order rogue wave and one-dark, one-bright soliton respectively. Meanwhile, the interactional solutions between one-breather and first-order rogue wave are also given. In second-order localized wave, one-dark-one-bright soliton together with second-order rogue wave is presented in the first component, and two-bright soliton together with second-order rogue wave are gained respectively in the other two components. Besides, we observe second-order rogue wave together with one-breather in three components. Moreover, by increasing the absolute values of two free parameters, the nonlinear waves merge with each other distinctly. These results further reveal the interesting dynamic structures of localized waves in the three-component coupled system. Project supported by the Global Change Research Program of China (Grant No. 2015CB953904), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 11275072 and 11435005), the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (Grant No. 20120076110024), the Network Information Physics Calculation of Basic Research Innovation Research Group of China (Grant No. 61321064), and Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center of Trustworthy Software for Internet of Things, China (Grant No. ZF1213).

Quantum memory receiver for superadditive communication using binary coherent states

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klimek, Aleksandra; Jachura, Michał; Wasilewski, Wojciech; Banaszek, Konrad

2016-11-01

We propose a simple architecture based on multimode quantum memories for collective readout of classical information keyed using a pair coherent states, exemplified by the well-known binary phase shift keying format. Such a configuration enables demonstration of the superadditivity effect in classical communication over quantum channels, where the transmission rate becomes enhanced through joint detection applied to multiple channel uses. The proposed scheme relies on the recently introduced idea to prepare Hadamard sequences of input symbols that are mapped by a linear optical transformation onto the pulse position modulation format [Guha, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 106, 240502]. We analyze two versions of readout based on direct detection and an optional Dolinar receiver which implements the minimum-error measurement for individual detection of a binary coherent state alphabet.

Quantum memory receiver for superadditive communication using binary coherent states.

PubMed

Klimek, Aleksandra; Jachura, Michał; Wasilewski, Wojciech; Banaszek, Konrad

2016-11-12

We propose a simple architecture based on multimode quantum memories for collective readout of classical information keyed using a pair coherent states, exemplified by the well-known binary phase shift keying format. Such a configuration enables demonstration of the superadditivity effect in classical communication over quantum channels, where the transmission rate becomes enhanced through joint detection applied to multiple channel uses. The proposed scheme relies on the recently introduced idea to prepare Hadamard sequences of input symbols that are mapped by a linear optical transformation onto the pulse position modulation format [Guha, S. Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011 , 106 , 240502]. We analyze two versions of readout based on direct detection and an optional Dolinar receiver which implements the minimum-error measurement for individual detection of a binary coherent state alphabet.

Optical calculation of correlation filters for a robotic vision system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Knopp, Jerome

1989-01-01

A method is presented for designing optical correlation filters based on measuring three intensity patterns: the Fourier transform of a filter object, a reference wave and the interference pattern produced by the sum of the object transform and the reference. The method can produce a filter that is well matched to both the object, its transforming optical system and the spatial light modulator used in the correlator input plane. A computer simulation was presented to demonstrate the approach for the special case of a conventional binary phase-only filter. The simulation produced a workable filter with a sharp correlation peak.

Image encryption with chaotic map and Arnold transform in the gyrator transform domains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sang, Jun; Luo, Hongling; Zhao, Jun; Alam, Mohammad S.; Cai, Bin

2017-05-01

An image encryption method combing chaotic map and Arnold transform in the gyrator transform domains was proposed. Firstly, the original secret image is XOR-ed with a random binary sequence generated by a logistic map. Then, the gyrator transform is performed. Finally, the amplitude and phase of the gyrator transform are permutated by Arnold transform. The decryption procedure is the inverse operation of encryption. The secret keys used in the proposed method include the control parameter and the initial value of the logistic map, the rotation angle of the gyrator transform, and the transform number of the Arnold transform. Therefore, the key space is large, while the key data volume is small. The numerical simulation was conducted to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method and the security analysis was performed in terms of the histogram of the encrypted image, the sensitiveness to the secret keys, decryption upon ciphertext loss, and resistance to the chosen-plaintext attack.

Theoretical extension and experimental demonstration of spectral compression in second-harmonic generation by Fresnel-inspired binary phase shaping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Baihong; Dong, Ruifang; Zhou, Conghua; Xiang, Xiao; Li, Yongfang; Zhang, Shougang

2018-05-01

Selective two-photon microscopy and high-precision nonlinear spectroscopy rely on efficient spectral compression at the desired frequency. Previously, a Fresnel-inspired binary phase shaping (FIBPS) method was theoretically proposed for spectral compression of two-photon absorption and second-harmonic generation (SHG) with a square-chirped pulse. Here, we theoretically show that the FIBPS can introduce a negative quadratic frequency phase (negative chirp) by analogy with the spatial-domain phase function of Fresnel zone plate. Thus, the previous theoretical model can be extended to the case where the pulse can be transformed limited and in any symmetrical spectral shape. As an example, we experimentally demonstrate spectral compression in SHG by FIBPS for a Gaussian transform-limited pulse and show good agreement with the theory. Given the fundamental pulse bandwidth, a narrower SHG bandwidth with relatively high intensity can be obtained by simply increasing the number of binary phases. The experimental results also verify that our method is superior to that proposed in [Phys. Rev. A 46, 2749 (1992), 10.1103/PhysRevA.46.2749]. This method will significantly facilitate the applications of selective two-photon microscopy and spectroscopy. Moreover, as it can introduce negative dispersion, hence it can also be generalized to other applications in the field of dispersion compensation.

The analysis of image feature robustness using cometcloud

PubMed Central

Qi, Xin; Kim, Hyunjoo; Xing, Fuyong; Parashar, Manish; Foran, David J.; Yang, Lin

2012-01-01

The robustness of image features is a very important consideration in quantitative image analysis. The objective of this paper is to investigate the robustness of a range of image texture features using hematoxylin stained breast tissue microarray slides which are assessed while simulating different imaging challenges including out of focus, changes in magnification and variations in illumination, noise, compression, distortion, and rotation. We employed five texture analysis methods and tested them while introducing all of the challenges listed above. The texture features that were evaluated include co-occurrence matrix, center-symmetric auto-correlation, texture feature coding method, local binary pattern, and texton. Due to the independence of each transformation and texture descriptor, a network structured combination was proposed and deployed on the Rutgers private cloud. The experiments utilized 20 randomly selected tissue microarray cores. All the combinations of the image transformations and deformations are calculated, and the whole feature extraction procedure was completed in 70 minutes using a cloud equipped with 20 nodes. Center-symmetric auto-correlation outperforms all the other four texture descriptors but also requires the longest computational time. It is roughly 10 times slower than local binary pattern and texton. From a speed perspective, both the local binary pattern and texton features provided excellent performance for classification and content-based image retrieval. PMID:23248759

A multi-pattern hash-binary hybrid algorithm for URL matching in the HTTP protocol.

PubMed

Zeng, Ping; Tan, Qingping; Meng, Xiankai; Shao, Zeming; Xie, Qinzheng; Yan, Ying; Cao, Wei; Xu, Jianjun

2017-01-01

In this paper, based on our previous multi-pattern uniform resource locator (URL) binary-matching algorithm called HEM, we propose an improved multi-pattern matching algorithm called MH that is based on hash tables and binary tables. The MH algorithm can be applied to the fields of network security, data analysis, load balancing, cloud robotic communications, and so on-all of which require string matching from a fixed starting position. Our approach effectively solves the performance problems of the classical multi-pattern matching algorithms. This paper explores ways to improve string matching performance under the HTTP protocol by using a hash method combined with a binary method that transforms the symbol-space matching problem into a digital-space numerical-size comparison and hashing problem. The MH approach has a fast matching speed, requires little memory, performs better than both the classical algorithms and HEM for matching fields in an HTTP stream, and it has great promise for use in real-world applications.

A multi-pattern hash-binary hybrid algorithm for URL matching in the HTTP protocol

PubMed Central

Tan, Qingping; Meng, Xiankai; Shao, Zeming; Xie, Qinzheng; Yan, Ying; Cao, Wei; Xu, Jianjun

2017-01-01

In this paper, based on our previous multi-pattern uniform resource locator (URL) binary-matching algorithm called HEM, we propose an improved multi-pattern matching algorithm called MH that is based on hash tables and binary tables. The MH algorithm can be applied to the fields of network security, data analysis, load balancing, cloud robotic communications, and so on—all of which require string matching from a fixed starting position. Our approach effectively solves the performance problems of the classical multi-pattern matching algorithms. This paper explores ways to improve string matching performance under the HTTP protocol by using a hash method combined with a binary method that transforms the symbol-space matching problem into a digital-space numerical-size comparison and hashing problem. The MH approach has a fast matching speed, requires little memory, performs better than both the classical algorithms and HEM for matching fields in an HTTP stream, and it has great promise for use in real-world applications. PMID:28399157

Accurate inspiral-merger-ringdown gravitational waveforms for nonspinning black-hole binaries including the effect of subdominant modes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mehta, Ajit Kumar; Mishra, Chandra Kant; Varma, Vijay; Ajith, Parameswaran

2017-12-01

We present an analytical waveform family describing gravitational waves (GWs) from the inspiral, merger, and ringdown of nonspinning black-hole binaries including the effect of several nonquadrupole modes [(ℓ=2 ,m =±1 ),(ℓ=3 ,m =±3 ),(ℓ=4 ,m =±4 ) apart from (ℓ=2 ,m =±2 )]. We first construct spin-weighted spherical harmonics modes of hybrid waveforms by matching numerical-relativity simulations (with mass ratio 1-10) describing the late inspiral, merger, and ringdown of the binary with post-Newtonian/effective-one-body waveforms describing the early inspiral. An analytical waveform family is constructed in frequency domain by modeling the Fourier transform of the hybrid waveforms making use of analytical functions inspired by perturbative calculations. The resulting highly accurate, ready-to-use waveforms are highly faithful (unfaithfulness ≃10-4- 10-2 ) for observation of GWs from nonspinning black-hole binaries and are extremely inexpensive to generate.

A State Change In The Missing Link Binary Pulsar System Psr J1023+0038

DOE PAGES

Stappers, B. W.; Archibald, A. M.; Hessels, J. W. T.; ...

2014-07-01

We present radio, X-ray, and γ-ray observations which reveal that the binary millisecond pulsar / low-mass X-ray binary transition system PSR J1023+0038 has undergone a transformation in state. Whereas until recently the system harbored a bright millisecond radio pulsar, the radio pulsations at frequencies between 300 to 5000MHz have now become undetectable. Concurrent with this radio disappearance, the γ-ray flux of the system has quintupled. We conclude that, though the radio pulsar is currently not detectable, the pulsar mechanism is still active and the pulsar wind, as well as a newly formed accretion disk, are together providing the necessary conditionsmore » to create the γ-ray increase. The system is the first example of a transient, compact, low-mass γ-ray binary and will continue to provide an exceptional test bed for better understanding the formation of millisecond pulsars as well as accretion onto neutron stars in general.« less

Interval estimation and optimal design for the within-subject coefficient of variation for continuous and binary variables

PubMed Central

Shoukri, Mohamed M; Elkum, Nasser; Walter, Stephen D

2006-01-01

Background In this paper we propose the use of the within-subject coefficient of variation as an index of a measurement's reliability. For continuous variables and based on its maximum likelihood estimation we derive a variance-stabilizing transformation and discuss confidence interval construction within the framework of a one-way random effects model. We investigate sample size requirements for the within-subject coefficient of variation for continuous and binary variables. Methods We investigate the validity of the approximate normal confidence interval by Monte Carlo simulations. In designing a reliability study, a crucial issue is the balance between the number of subjects to be recruited and the number of repeated measurements per subject. We discuss efficiency of estimation and cost considerations for the optimal allocation of the sample resources. The approach is illustrated by an example on Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). We also discuss the issue of sample size estimation for dichotomous responses with two examples. Results For the continuous variable we found that the variance stabilizing transformation improves the asymptotic coverage probabilities on the within-subject coefficient of variation for the continuous variable. The maximum like estimation and sample size estimation based on pre-specified width of confidence interval are novel contribution to the literature for the binary variable. Conclusion Using the sample size formulas, we hope to help clinical epidemiologists and practicing statisticians to efficiently design reliability studies using the within-subject coefficient of variation, whether the variable of interest is continuous or binary. PMID:16686943

Hairy Root Transformation Using Agrobacterium rhizogenes as a Tool for Exploring Cell Type-Specific Gene Expression and Function Using Tomato as a Model1[W][OPEN

PubMed Central

Ron, Mily; Kajala, Kaisa; Pauluzzi, Germain; Wang, Dongxue; Reynoso, Mauricio A.; Zumstein, Kristina; Garcha, Jasmine; Winte, Sonja; Masson, Helen; Inagaki, Soichi; Federici, Fernán; Sinha, Neelima; Deal, Roger B.; Bailey-Serres, Julia; Brady, Siobhan M.

2014-01-01

Agrobacterium rhizogenes (or Rhizobium rhizogenes) is able to transform plant genomes and induce the production of hairy roots. We describe the use of A. rhizogenes in tomato (Solanum spp.) to rapidly assess gene expression and function. Gene expression of reporters is indistinguishable in plants transformed by Agrobacterium tumefaciens as compared with A. rhizogenes. A root cell type- and tissue-specific promoter resource has been generated for domesticated and wild tomato (Solanum lycopersicum and Solanum pennellii, respectively) using these approaches. Imaging of tomato roots using A. rhizogenes coupled with laser scanning confocal microscopy is facilitated by the use of a membrane-tagged protein fused to a red fluorescent protein marker present in binary vectors. Tomato-optimized isolation of nuclei tagged in specific cell types and translating ribosome affinity purification binary vectors were generated and used to monitor associated messenger RNA abundance or chromatin modification. Finally, transcriptional reporters, translational reporters, and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats-associated nuclease9 genome editing demonstrate that SHORT-ROOT and SCARECROW gene function is conserved between Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) and tomato. PMID:24868032

Transforming Static Data Structures to Dynamic Structures.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-09-03

binary transform. and was then studied in detail by Bentley. Oetiq. Guihms and Saxe E 1979). The name is taken Porn its similarity t the binomial qeeue...costs of the two families of structures would have been equal within a constant factor, each being 0(N3 1 2 ). The present disparity suggests that it...cost being split evenly (within a constant factor) between the two families of structures. The preceding results may be generalized to arbitrary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sun, Pei; Fang, Z. Zak; Koopman, Mark

Hydrogen has been investigated for decades as a temporary alloying element to refine the microstructure of Ti-6Al-4V, and is now being used in a novel powder metallurgy method known as "hydrogen sintering and phase transformation". Pseudo-binary phase diagrams of (Ti-6Al-4V)-xH have been studied and developed, but are not well established due to methodological limitations. In this paper, in situ studies of phase transformations during hydrogenation and dehydrogenation of (Ti-6Al-4V)-xH alloys were conducted using high-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction (XRD), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The eutectoid phase transformation of β ↔ α + δ was observed in themore » (Ti-6Al-4V)-xH alloy via in situ synchrotron XRD at 211 °C with a hydrogen concentration of 37.5 at.% (measured using TGA-DSC). The relationships of hydrogen composition to partial pressure and temperature were investigated in the temperature range 450-900°C. Based on these results, a partial pseudo-binary phase diagram of (Ti-6Al-4V)-xH is proposed for hydrogen compositions up to 60 at.% in the temperature range 100-900°C. Using the data collected in real time under controlled parameters of temperature, composition and hydrogen partial pressure, this work characterizes relevant phase transformations and microstructural evolution for practical titanium-hydrogen technologies of Ti-6Al-4V.« less

Content Preserving Watermarking for Medical Images Using Shearlet Transform and SVD

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Favorskaya, M. N.; Savchina, E. I.

2017-05-01

Medical Image Watermarking (MIW) is a special field of a watermarking due to the requirements of the Digital Imaging and COmmunications in Medicine (DICOM) standard since 1993. All 20 parts of the DICOM standard are revised periodically. The main idea of the MIW is to embed various types of information including the doctor's digital signature, fragile watermark, electronic patient record, and main watermark in a view of region of interest for the doctor into the host medical image. These four types of information are represented in different forms; some of them are encrypted according to the DICOM requirements. However, all types of information ought to be resulted into the generalized binary stream for embedding. The generalized binary stream may have a huge volume. Therefore, not all watermarking methods can be applied successfully. Recently, the digital shearlet transform had been introduced as a rigorous mathematical framework for the geometric representation of multi-dimensional data. Some modifications of the shearlet transform, particularly the non-subsampled shearlet transform, can be associated to a multi-resolution analysis that provides a fully shift-invariant, multi-scale, and multi-directional expansion. During experiments, a quality of the extracted watermarks under the JPEG compression and typical internet attacks was estimated using several metrics, including the peak signal to noise ratio, structural similarity index measure, and bit error rate.

The Gaseous Explosive Reaction : the Effect of Pressure on the Rate of Propagation of the Reaction Zone and upon the Rate of Molecular Transformation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stevens, F W

1932-01-01

This study of gaseous explosive reaction has brought out a number of important fundamental characteristics of the explosive reaction indicating that the basal processes of the transformation are much simpler and corresponds more closely to the general laws and principles of ordinary transformations than is usually supposed. The report calls attention to the point that the rate of molecular transformation within the zone was found in all cases to be proportional to pressure, that the transformation within the zone is the result of binary impacts. This result is of unusual interest in the case of the reaction of heavy hydrocarbon fuels and the reaction mechanism proposed by the recent kinetic theory of chain reactions.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. using mature-seed explants.

PubMed

Yang, Jingli; Zhao, Bo; Kim, Yeon Bok; Zhou, Chenguang; Li, Chunyan; Chen, Yunlin; Zhang, Haizhen; Li, Cheng Hao

2013-01-01

An efficient transformation protocol was developed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Phellodendron amurense Rupr. for using explants from mature seeds. The binary vector pCAMBIA1303, which contained hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) as a selectable marker gene and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as a reporter gene, was used for transformation studies. Different factors that affect survival of transformed buds, namely Agrobacterium infection method, bacterial strain, pre-culture duration, acetosyringone concentration, co-culture duration, and co-culture temperature were examined and optimized for transformation efficiency on the basis of GUS staining of hygromycin-resistant buds. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Southern blot and reverse transcription PCR confirmed the presence of the GUS gene. A transformation frequency of 13.1 % was achieved under optimized conditions for transformation (A. tumefaciens strain EHA105, 4 days co-cultivation at 4 °C, and infection of the pre-cultured mature-seed explants for 2 days). This is the first report of a successful genetic transformation protocol for P. amurense.

The Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of common wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack): role of the binary vector system and selection cassettes.

PubMed

Bińka, Agnieszka; Orczyk, Wacław; Nadolska-Orczyk, Anna

2012-02-01

The influence of two binary vector systems, pGreen and pCAMBIA, on the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation ability of wheat and triticale was studied. Both vectors carried selection cassettes with bar or nptII driven by different promoters. Two cultivars of wheat, Kontesa and Torka, and one cultivar of triticale, Wanad, were tested. The transformation rates for the wheat cultivars ranged from 0.00 to 3.58% and from 0.00 to 6.79% for triticale. The best values for wheat were 3.58% for Kontesa and 3.14% for Torka, and these were obtained after transformation with the pGreen vector carrying the nptII selection gene under the control of 35S promoter. In the case of the bar selection system, the best transformation rates were, respectively, 1.46 and 1.79%. Such rates were obtained when the 35S::bar cassette was carried by the pCAMBIA vector; they were significantly lower with the pGreen vector. The triticale cultivar Wanad had its highest transformation rate after transformation with nptII driven by 35S in pCAMBIA. The bar selection system for the same triticale cultivar was better when the gene was driven by nos and the selection cassette was carried by pGreen. The integration of the transgenes was confirmed with at least three pairs of specific starters amplifying the fragments of nptII, bar, or gus. The expression of selection genes, measured by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) in relation to the actin gene, was low, ranging from 0.00 to 0.63 for nptII and from 0.00 to 0.33 for bar. The highest relative transcript accumulation was observed for nptII driven by 35S and expressed in Kontesa that had been transformed with pGreen.

Generation of Marker- and/or Backbone-Free Transgenic Wheat Plants via Agrobacterium-Mediated Transformation.

PubMed

Wang, Gen-Ping; Yu, Xiu-Dao; Sun, Yong-Wei; Jones, Huw D; Xia, Lan-Qin

2016-01-01

Horizontal transfer of antibiotic resistance genes to animals and vertical transfer of herbicide resistance genes to the weedy relatives are perceived as major biosafety concerns in genetically modified (GM) crops. In this study, five novel vectors which used gusA and bar as a reporter gene and a selection marker gene, respectively, were constructed based on the pCLEAN dual binary vector system. Among these vectors, 1G7B and 5G7B carried two T-DNAs located on two respective plasmids with 5G7B possessing an additional virGwt gene. 5LBTG154 and 5TGTB154 carried two T-DNAs in the target plasmid with either one or double right borders, and 5BTG154 carried the selectable marker gene on the backbone outside of the T-DNA left border in the target plasmid. In addition, 5BTG154, 5LBTG154, and 5TGTB154 used pAL154 as a helper plasmid which contains Komari fragment to facilitate transformation. These five dual binary vector combinations were transformed into Agrobacterium strain AGL1 and used to transform durum wheat cv Stewart 63. Evaluation of the co-transformation efficiencies, the frequencies of marker-free transgenic plants, and integration of backbone sequences in the obtained transgenic lines indicated that two vectors (5G7B and 5TGTB154) were more efficient in generating marker-free transgenic wheat plants with no or minimal integration of backbone sequences in the wheat genome. The vector series developed in this study for generation of marker- and/or backbone-free transgenic wheat plants via Agrobacterium -mediated transformation will be useful to facilitate the creation of "clean" GM wheat containing only the foreign genes of agronomic importance.

One-pot synthesis of binary metal organic frameworks (HKUST-1 and UiO-66) for enhanced adsorptive removal of water contaminants.

PubMed

Azhar, Muhammad Rizwan; Abid, Hussein Rasool; Sun, Hongqi; Periasamy, Vijay; Tadé, Moses O; Wang, Shaobin

2017-03-15

In this study, binary metal organic frameworks (MOFs) with HKUST-1 and UiO-66 have been synthesized in a one-pot process. The synthesized MOFs were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), N 2 adsorption, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The meso-porosity and thermal stability of the binary MOFs were higher than those of single HKUST-1 or UiO-66. The synthesized MOF hybrids were then tested for adsorptive removal of methylene blue (MB) from wastewater in terms of kinetic and isothermal adsorption as compared to a commercially available activated carbon (AC). All the synthesized MOFs showed significant removal of MB under a wide range of pH. The adsorption capacities of HKUST-1 are higher than UiO-66 and commercial AC while the binary MOFs presented an even higher adsorption capacity than single MOFs. This is the first time that binary HKUST-1 and UiO-66 MOFs have been successfully synthesized and demonstrated enhanced adsorptive removal of contaminants. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

On the period determination of ASAS eclipsing binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mayangsari, L.; Priyatikanto, R.; Putra, M.

2014-03-01

Variable stars, or particularly eclipsing binaries, are very essential astronomical occurrence. Surveys are the backbone of astronomy, and many discoveries of variable stars are the results of surveys. All-Sky Automated Survey (ASAS) is one of the observing projects whose ultimate goal is photometric monitoring of variable stars. Since its first light in 1997, ASAS has collected 50,099 variable stars, with 11,076 eclipsing binaries among them. In the present work we focus on the period determination of the eclipsing binaries. Since the number of data points in each ASAS eclipsing binary light curve is sparse, period determination of any system is a not straightforward process. For 30 samples of such systems we compare the implementation of Lomb-Scargle algorithm which is an Fast Fourier Transform (FFT) basis and Phase Dispersion Minimization (PDM) method which is non-FFT basis to determine their period. It is demonstrated that PDM gives better performance at handling eclipsing detached (ED) systems whose variability are non-sinusoidal. More over, using semi-automatic recipes, we get better period solution and satisfactorily improve 53% of the selected object's light curves, but failed against another 7% of selected objects. In addition, we also highlight 4 interesting objects for further investigation.

Identification and measurement of intermolecular interaction in polyester/polystyrene blends by FTIR-photoacoustic spectrometry

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Fourier transform infrared photoacoustic spectrometry was used to reveal and identify n-p type intermolecular interaction formed in plastic comprising binary blends of polystyrene and a biodegradable polymer, either polylactic acid, polycaprolactone or poly(tetramethyleneadipate-co-terephthalate)....

Kernel and divergence techniques in high energy physics separations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouř, Petr; Kůs, Václav; Franc, Jiří

2017-10-01

Binary decision trees under the Bayesian decision technique are used for supervised classification of high-dimensional data. We present a great potential of adaptive kernel density estimation as the nested separation method of the supervised binary divergence decision tree. Also, we provide a proof of alternative computing approach for kernel estimates utilizing Fourier transform. Further, we apply our method to Monte Carlo data set from the particle accelerator Tevatron at DØ experiment in Fermilab and provide final top-antitop signal separation results. We have achieved up to 82 % AUC while using the restricted feature selection entering the signal separation procedure.

hamlet, a binary genetic switch between single- and multiple- dendrite neuron morphology.

PubMed

Moore, Adrian W; Jan, Lily Yeh; Jan, Yuh Nung

2002-08-23

The dendritic morphology of neurons determines the number and type of inputs they receive. In the Drosophila peripheral nervous system (PNS), the external sensory (ES) neurons have a single nonbranched dendrite, whereas the lineally related multidendritic (MD) neurons have extensively branched dendritic arbors. We report that hamlet is a binary genetic switch between these contrasting morphological types. In hamlet mutants, ES neurons are converted to an MD fate, whereas ectopic hamlet expression in MD precursors results in transformation of MD neurons into ES neurons. Moreover, hamlet expression induced in MD neurons undergoing dendrite outgrowth drastically reduces arbor branching.

Using an Iterative Fourier Series Approach in Determining Orbital Elements of Detached Visual Binary Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tupa, Peter R.; Quirin, S.; DeLeo, G. G.; McCluskey, G. E., Jr.

2007-12-01

We present a modified Fourier transform approach to determine the orbital parameters of detached visual binary stars. Originally inspired by Monet (ApJ 234, 275, 1979), this new method utilizes an iterative routine of refining higher order Fourier terms in a manner consistent with Keplerian motion. In most cases, this approach is not sensitive to the starting orbital parameters in the iterative loop. In many cases we have determined orbital elements even with small fragments of orbits and noisy data, although some systems show computational instabilities. The algorithm was constructed using the MAPLE mathematical software code and tested on artificially created orbits and many real binary systems, including Gliese 22 AC, Tau 51, and BU 738. This work was supported at Lehigh University by NSF-REU grant PHY-9820301.

A comparative study using WHO and binary oral epithelial dysplasia grading systems in actinic cheilitis.

PubMed

Câmara, P R; Dutra, S N; Takahama Júnior, A; Fontes, Kbfc; Azevedo, R S

2016-09-01

To evaluate comparatively the influence of histopathological features on epithelial dysplasia (ED) and the effectiveness in usage of WHO and binary grading systems in actinic cheilitis (AC). Cytological and architectural alterations established by WHO for ED were evaluated in 107 cases of AC. Epithelial dysplasia was graded using WHO and binary systems. The comparisons were performed using kappa, chi-square, and phi coefficient tests (P < 0.05). Most cases were classified as mild ED (44.5%) in the WHO system and as low risk for malignant transformation (64.5%) in the binary system. There was a positive correlation between WHO and binary systems (k = 0.33; P < 0.0002). Loss of basal cell polarity (P < 0.001) was associated with severity of ED grade in the WHO system. Anisonucleosis (P < 0.0001), nuclear pleomorphism (P < 0.0001), anisocytosis (P = 0.03), cell pleomorphism (P = 0.002) increased nuclear/cytoplasm ratio (P < 0.0001), increased nuclear size (P < 0.0001), increased number of mitotic figures (P = 0.0006), and dyskeratosis (P = 0.008) were associated with severity of ED grade in the binary system. It seems that usage of binary ED grading system in AC may be more precise because there is correlation between many of cytological and some of architectural microscopic alterations with increased grade of ED. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Architecture and data processing alternatives for Tse computer. Volume 1: Tse logic design concepts and the development of image processing machine architectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rickard, D. A.; Bodenheimer, R. E.

1976-01-01

Digital computer components which perform two dimensional array logic operations (Tse logic) on binary data arrays are described. The properties of Golay transforms which make them useful in image processing are reviewed, and several architectures for Golay transform processors are presented with emphasis on the skeletonizing algorithm. Conventional logic control units developed for the Golay transform processors are described. One is a unique microprogrammable control unit that uses a microprocessor to control the Tse computer. The remaining control units are based on programmable logic arrays. Performance criteria are established and utilized to compare the various Golay transform machines developed. A critique of Tse logic is presented, and recommendations for additional research are included.

Efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha using regenerating thalli.

PubMed

Kubota, Akane; Ishizaki, Kimitsune; Hosaka, Masashi; Kohchi, Takayuki

2013-01-01

The thallus, the gametophyte body of the liverwort Marchantia polymorpha, develops clonal progenies called gemmae that are useful in the isolation and propagation of isogenic plants. Developmental timing is critical to Agrobacterium-mediated transformation, and high transformation efficiency has been achieved only with sporelings. Here we report an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. polymorpha using regenerating thalli. Thallus regeneration was induced by cutting the mature thallus across the apical-basal axis and incubating the basal portion of the thallus for 3 d. Regenerating thalli were infected with Agrobacterium carrying binary vector that contained a selection marker, the hygromycin phosphotransferase gene, and hygromycin-resistant transformants were obtained with an efficiency of over 60%. Southern blot analysis verified random integration of 1 to 4 copies of the T-DNA into the M. polymorpha genome. This Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for M. polymorpha should provide opportunities to perform genetic transformation without preparing spores and to generate a sufficient number of transformants with isogenic background.

A method of real-time fault diagnosis for power transformers based on vibration analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hong, Kaixing; Huang, Hai; Zhou, Jianping; Shen, Yimin; Li, Yujie

2015-11-01

In this paper, a novel probability-based classification model is proposed for real-time fault detection of power transformers. First, the transformer vibration principle is introduced, and two effective feature extraction techniques are presented. Next, the details of the classification model based on support vector machine (SVM) are shown. The model also includes a binary decision tree (BDT) which divides transformers into different classes according to health state. The trained model produces posterior probabilities of membership to each predefined class for a tested vibration sample. During the experiments, the vibrations of transformers under different conditions are acquired, and the corresponding feature vectors are used to train the SVM classifiers. The effectiveness of this model is illustrated experimentally on typical in-service transformers. The consistency between the results of the proposed model and the actual condition of the test transformers indicates that the model can be used as a reliable method for transformer fault detection.

Transformation of general binary MRF minimization to the first-order case.

PubMed

Ishikawa, Hiroshi

2011-06-01

We introduce a transformation of general higher-order Markov random field with binary labels into a first-order one that has the same minima as the original. Moreover, we formalize a framework for approximately minimizing higher-order multi-label MRF energies that combines the new reduction with the fusion-move and QPBO algorithms. While many computer vision problems today are formulated as energy minimization problems, they have mostly been limited to using first-order energies, which consist of unary and pairwise clique potentials, with a few exceptions that consider triples. This is because of the lack of efficient algorithms to optimize energies with higher-order interactions. Our algorithm challenges this restriction that limits the representational power of the models so that higher-order energies can be used to capture the rich statistics of natural scenes. We also show that some minimization methods can be considered special cases of the present framework, as well as comparing the new method experimentally with other such techniques.

Global detection of large lunar craters based on the CE-1 digital elevation model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Lei; Mu, Lingli; Wang, Xinyuan; Li, Chao; Ji, Wei; Zhao, Jinjin; Cai, Heng

2013-12-01

Craters, one of the most significant features of the lunar surface, have been widely researched because they offer us the relative age of the surface unit as well as crucial geological information. Research on crater detection algorithms (CDAs) of the Moon and other planetary bodies has concentrated on detecting them from imagery data, but the computational cost of detecting large craters using images makes these CDAs impractical. This paper presents a new approach to crater detection that utilizes a digital elevation model instead of images; this enables fully automatic global detection of large craters. Craters were delineated by terrain attributes, and then thresholding maps of terrain attributes were used to transform topographic data into a binary image, finally craters were detected by using the Hough Transform from the binary image. By using the proposed algorithm, we produced a catalog of all craters ⩾10 km in diameter on the lunar surface and analyzed their distribution and population characteristics.

Poisson denoising on the sphere: application to the Fermi gamma ray space telescope

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmitt, J.; Starck, J. L.; Casandjian, J. M.; Fadili, J.; Grenier, I.

2010-07-01

The Large Area Telescope (LAT), the main instrument of the Fermi gamma-ray Space telescope, detects high energy gamma rays with energies from 20 MeV to more than 300 GeV. The two main scientific objectives, the study of the Milky Way diffuse background and the detection of point sources, are complicated by the lack of photons. That is why we need a powerful Poisson noise removal method on the sphere which is efficient on low count Poisson data. This paper presents a new multiscale decomposition on the sphere for data with Poisson noise, called multi-scale variance stabilizing transform on the sphere (MS-VSTS). This method is based on a variance stabilizing transform (VST), a transform which aims to stabilize a Poisson data set such that each stabilized sample has a quasi constant variance. In addition, for the VST used in the method, the transformed data are asymptotically Gaussian. MS-VSTS consists of decomposing the data into a sparse multi-scale dictionary like wavelets or curvelets, and then applying a VST on the coefficients in order to get almost Gaussian stabilized coefficients. In this work, we use the isotropic undecimated wavelet transform (IUWT) and the curvelet transform as spherical multi-scale transforms. Then, binary hypothesis testing is carried out to detect significant coefficients, and the denoised image is reconstructed with an iterative algorithm based on hybrid steepest descent (HSD). To detect point sources, we have to extract the Galactic diffuse background: an extension of the method to background separation is then proposed. In contrary, to study the Milky Way diffuse background, we remove point sources with a binary mask. The gaps have to be interpolated: an extension to inpainting is then proposed. The method, applied on simulated Fermi LAT data, proves to be adaptive, fast and easy to implement.

Groundwater Sampling at ISCO Sites: Binary Mixtures of Volatile Organic Compounds and Persulfate

EPA Science Inventory

In-situ chemical oxidation involves the introduction of a chemical oxidant into the subsurface for the purpose of transforming ground-water contaminants into less harmful byproducts. Due to oxidant persistence, ground water samples collected at hazardous waste sites may contain o...

Dynamic mass exchange in doubly degenerate binaries. I - 0.9 and 1.2 solar mass stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Benz, W.; Cameron, A. G. W.; Press, W. H.; Bowers, R. L.

1990-01-01

The dynamic mass exchange process in doubly degenerate binaries was investigated using a three-dimensional numerical simulation of the evolution of a doubly degenerate binary system in which the primary is a 1.2-solar-mass white dwarf and the Roche lobe filling secondary is a 0.9-solar-mass dwarf. The results show that, in a little more than two orbital periods, the secondary is completely destroyed and transformed into a thick disk orbiting about the primary. Since only a very small fraction of the mass (0.0063 solar mass) escapes the system, the evolution of the binary results in the formation of a massive object. This object is composed of three parts, the initial white dwarf primary, a very hot pressure-supported spherical envelope, and a rotationally supported outer disk. The evolution of the system can be understood in terms of a simple analytical model where it is shown that the angular momentum carried by the mass during the transfer and stored in the disk determines the evolution of the system.

Determination of Orbital Parameters for Visual Binary Stars Using a Fourier-Series Approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, D. E.; Prager, J. R.; DeLeo, G. G.; McCluskey, G. E., Jr.

2001-12-01

We expand on the Fourier transform method of Monet (ApJ 234, 275, 1979) to infer the orbital parameters of visual binary stars, and we present results for several systems, both simulated and real. Although originally developed to address binary systems observed through at least one complete period, we have extended the method to deal explicitly with cases where the orbital data is less complete. This is especially useful in cases where the period is so long that only a fragment of the orbit has been recorded. We utilize Fourier-series fitting methods appropriate to data sets covering less than one period and containing random measurement errors. In so doing, we address issues of over-determination in fitting the data and the reduction of other deleterious Fourier-series artifacts. We developed our algorithm using the MAPLE mathematical software code, and tested it on numerous "synthetic" systems, and several real binaries, including Xi Boo, 24 Aqr, and Bu 738. This work was supported at Lehigh University by the Delaware Valley Space Grant Consortium and by NSF-REU grant PHY-9820301.

A rapid Fourier transform infrared spectroscopic method for analysis of certain proton pump inhibitors in binary and ternary mixtures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khashaba, Pakinaz Y.; Ali, Hassan Refat H.; El-Wekil, Mohamed M.

2018-02-01

A simple and non-destructive FTIR method was used to determine certain proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) in binary and ternary mixtures. Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs); omeprazole (OMZ), esomeprazole (EZM), lansoprazole (LAN), pantoprazole sodium (PAN sodium) and rabeprazole sodium (RAB sodium) in binary mixture with domperidone (DOM) and ternary mixture of OMZ, clarithromycin (CLM) and tinidazole (TNZ) were determined in the solid-state by FTIR spectroscopy for the first time. The method was validated according to ICH-guidelines where linearity was ranged from 20 to 850 μg/g and 20-360 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively in binary mixtures and 10-400, 100-8000 and 150-14,000 μg/g for OMZ, CLM and TNZ, respectively. Limits of detection were found to be 6-100 and 9-100 μg/g for PPIs and DOM, respectively and 4, 40 and 50 μg/g for OMZ, CLM and TNZ, respectively. The method was applied successfully for determination of the cited drugs in their respective pharmaceutical dosage forms.

Illustrating chaos: a schematic discretization of the general three-body problem in Newtonian gravity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leigh, Nathan W. C.; Wegsman, Shalma

2018-05-01

We present a formalism for constructing schematic diagrams to depict chaotic three-body interactions in Newtonian gravity. This is done by decomposing each interaction into a series of discrete transformations in energy- and angular momentum-space. Each time a transformation is applied, the system changes state as the particles re-distribute their energy and angular momenta. These diagrams have the virtue of containing all of the quantitative information needed to fully characterize most bound or unbound interactions through time and space, including the total duration of the interaction, the initial and final stable states in addition to every intervening temporary meta-stable state. As shown via an illustrative example for the bound case, prolonged excursions of one of the particles, which by far dominates the computational cost of the simulations, are reduced to a single discrete transformation in energy- and angular momentum-space, thereby potentially mitigating any computational expense. We further generalize our formalism to sequences of (unbound) three-body interactions, as occur in dense stellar environments during binary hardening. Finally, we provide a method for dynamically evolving entire populations of binaries via three-body scattering interactions, using a purely analytic formalism. In principle, the techniques presented here are adaptable to other three-body problems that conserve energy and angular momentum.

Preferential solvation of lysozyme in dimethyl sulfoxide/water binary mixture probed by terahertz spectroscopy.

PubMed

Das, Dipak Kumar; Patra, Animesh; Mitra, Rajib Kumar

2016-09-01

We report the changes in the hydration dynamics around a model protein hen egg white lysozyme (HEWL) in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary mixture using THz time domain spectroscopy (TTDS) technique. DMSO molecules get preferentially solvated at the protein surface, as indicated by circular dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) study in the mid-infrared region, resulting in a conformational change in the protein, which consequently modifies the associated hydration dynamics. As a control we also study the collective hydration dynamics of water-DMSO binary mixture and it is found that it follows a non-ideal behavior owing to the formation of DMSO-water clusters. It is observed that the cooperative dynamics of water at the protein surface does follow the DMSO-mediated conformational modulation of the protein. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu (II) ion and phenols on Tetrahymena thermophila.

PubMed

Luo, Hui; Li, Xi; Fang, Tingting; Liu, Peng; Zhang, Chaocan; Xie, Hao; Sun, Enjie

2015-03-01

The toxicity of binary mixture of Cu(2+) and phenols (phenol; o-nitrophenol; m-nitrophenol; p-nitrophenol) was evaluated using Tetrahymena thermophila as the model organism, by microcalorimetry, optical density, field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) and attenuated total reflection-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR). The growth curves and metabolic properties of Tetrahymena exposed to Cu(2+) and phenols were monitored by microcalorimetry. Binary mixture toxicity changed with the concentration of Cu(2+)/phenols and the order of toxicity was Cu(2+)/phenol

Bandwidth enhancement in microwave absorption of binary nanocomposite ferrites hollow microfibers.

PubMed

Song, Fuzhan; Shen, Xiangqian; Yang, Xinchun; Meng, Xianfeng; Xiang, Jun; Liu, Ruijiang; Dong, Mingdong

2013-04-01

The binary Ba0.5Sr0.5Fe12O19 (BSFO)/Ni0.5Zn0.5Fe2O4 (NZFO) nanocomposite ferrites hollow microfibers with high aspect ratios have been prepared by the gel precursor transformation process. These microfibers possess a high specific surface area about 45.2 m2 g(-1), and a ratio of the hollow diameter to the fiber diameter estimated about 5/7. The binary nanocomposite ferrites are formed after the precursor calcined at 750 degrees C for 3 h. Their minimum reflection loss (RL) is -38.1 dB at 10.4 GHz. The microwave absorption bandwidth with RL value exceeding -20 dB covers the whole X-band (8.2-12.4 GHz) and Ku-band (12.4-18 GHz). This enhancement in microwave absorption can be attributed to the exchange-coupling interaction, interfacial polarization and small size effect in nanocomposite hollow microfibers.

Removal of thallium from aqueous solutions using Fe-Mn binary oxides.

PubMed

Li, Huosheng; Chen, Yongheng; Long, Jianyou; Li, Xiuwan; Jiang, Daqian; Zhang, Ping; Qi, Jianying; Huang, Xuexia; Liu, Juan; Xu, Ruibing; Gong, Jian

2017-09-15

In this study, Fe-Mn binary oxides, which harbor the strong oxidative power of manganese dioxide and the high adsorption capacity of iron oxides, were synthesized for Tl(I) removal using a concurrent chemical oxidation and precipitation method. The adsorption of Tl onto the Fe-Mn adsorbent was fast, effective, and selective, with equilibrium sorption reaching over 95% under a broad operating pH (3-12), and high ionic strength (0.1-0.5mol/L). The adsorption can be well fitted with both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms, and the kinetics can be well described by the pseudo-second-order model. Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) spectra suggest that surface complexation, oxidation and precipitation were the main mechanisms for the removal of Tl. This study shows that the Fe-Mn binary oxides could be a promising adsorbent for Tl removal. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Golay sequences coded coherent optical OFDM for long-haul transmission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qin, Cui; Ma, Xiangrong; Hua, Tao; Zhao, Jing; Yu, Huilong; Zhang, Jian

2017-09-01

We propose to use binary Golay sequences in coherent optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (CO-OFDM) to improve the long-haul transmission performance. The Golay sequences are generated by binary Reed-Muller codes, which have low peak-to-average power ratio and certain error correction capability. A low-complexity decoding algorithm for the Golay sequences is then proposed to recover the signal. Under same spectral efficiency, the QPSK modulated OFDM with binary Golay sequences coding with and without discrete Fourier transform (DFT) spreading (DFTS-QPSK-GOFDM and QPSK-GOFDM) are compared with the normal BPSK modulated OFDM with and without DFT spreading (DFTS-BPSK-OFDM and BPSK-OFDM) after long-haul transmission. At a 7% forward error correction code threshold (Q2 factor of 8.5 dB), it is shown that DFTS-QPSK-GOFDM outperforms DFTS-BPSK-OFDM by extending the transmission distance by 29% and 18%, in non-dispersion managed and dispersion managed links, respectively.

Robust image region descriptor using local derivative ordinal binary pattern

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shang, Jun; Chen, Chuanbo; Pei, Xiaobing; Liang, Hu; Tang, He; Sarem, Mudar

2015-05-01

Binary image descriptors have received a lot of attention in recent years, since they provide numerous advantages, such as low memory footprint and efficient matching strategy. However, they utilize intermediate representations and are generally less discriminative than floating-point descriptors. We propose an image region descriptor, namely local derivative ordinal binary pattern, for object recognition and image categorization. In order to preserve more local contrast and edge information, we quantize the intensity differences between the central pixels and their neighbors of the detected local affine covariant regions in an adaptive way. These differences are then sorted and mapped into binary codes and histogrammed with a weight of the sum of the absolute value of the differences. Furthermore, the gray level of the central pixel is quantized to further improve the discriminative ability. Finally, we combine them to form a joint histogram to represent the features of the image. We observe that our descriptor preserves more local brightness and edge information than traditional binary descriptors. Also, our descriptor is robust to rotation, illumination variations, and other geometric transformations. We conduct extensive experiments on the standard ETHZ and Kentucky datasets for object recognition and PASCAL for image classification. The experimental results show that our descriptor outperforms existing state-of-the-art methods.

Physical Identification of Binary System of Gliclazide-Hydrophilic Polymers Using X-Ray Diffraction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rachmawati, H.; Yatinasari, Faizatun, Syarie, S. A.

2008-03-01

The formation of binary system in pharmaceutical solid state is aimed to improve the physicochemical characteristics of active compound, such as its solubility. To identify the physical change of the binary system including crystallinity or particle morphology, there are many methods can be applied. In present report, we study the physical interaction of the binary system of gliclazide and hydrophilic polymers. In this binary system, gliclazide was either dispersed or mixed with polyvinyl pirrolidone (PVP K30) or polyethylene glycol (PEG 6000). The dispersion system of gliclazide in the polymeric carriers was prepared by solvation-evaporation method, using dichloromethane/methylene chloride as an organic solvent. The physical characterization of both dispersed and mixed of gliclazide was studied using X-ray diffraction at interval 6-50 °/2θ. As a comparison, the same procedure was performed for pure gliclazide. To confirm the diffractogram of this binary system, Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy was carried out as well. Both diffarctogram and FT-IR spectra revealed that there was no new compound formed in the solid dispersion system of gliclazide:PEG 6000 and gliclazide:PVP K30. In contrast, the solubility as well as the dissolution rate of gliclazide in the presence of both hydrophilic polymers was increased as compared to pure gliclazide. We conclude therefore that solvatation followed by evaporation of gliclazide in the presence of either PEG 6000 or PVP K30 did not alter its crystalline characteristic. The improved of gliclazide solubility in the binary system might due to other mechanism such as increased in the wettability and the hydrophylicity effect of the polymers.

Development of an Agrobacterium-based transformation system for Rhizoctonia solani

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A 8.7 kb binary vector containing the 1.9 kb hygromycin B phosphortransferase (hyg) gene was constructed with promoter and terminator regions from the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate- dehydrogenase (gpd) gene of Rhizoctonia solani anastomosis group 3 (AG-3) at the 5'- and 3'- gene termini of hyg. Promot...

Novel sull binary vectors enable an inexpensive foliar selection method in Arabidopsis

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Sulfonamide resistance is conferred by the sulI gene found on many Enterobacteriaceae R plasmids and Tn21 type transposons. The sulI gene encodes a sulfonamide insensitive dihydropteroate synthase enzyme required for folate biosynthesis. Transformation of tobacco, potato or Arabidopsis using sulI as...

One-shot profile inspection for surfaces with depth, color and reflectivity discontinuities.

PubMed

Su, Wei-Hung; Chen, Sih-Yue

2017-05-01

A one-shot technique for surfaces with depth, color, and reflectivity discontinuities is presented. It uses windowed Fourier transform to extract the fringe phases and a binary-encoded scheme to unwrap the phases. Experiments show that absolute phases could be obtained with high reliability.

Nonrigid synthetic aperture radar and optical image coregistration by combining local rigid transformations using a Kohonen network.

PubMed

Salehpour, Mehdi; Behrad, Alireza

2017-10-01

This study proposes a new algorithm for nonrigid coregistration of synthetic aperture radar (SAR) and optical images. The proposed algorithm employs point features extracted by the binary robust invariant scalable keypoints algorithm and a new method called weighted bidirectional matching for initial correspondence. To refine false matches, we assume that the transformation between SAR and optical images is locally rigid. This property is used to refine false matches by assigning scores to matched pairs and clustering local rigid transformations using a two-layer Kohonen network. Finally, the thin plate spline algorithm and mutual information are used for nonrigid coregistration of SAR and optical images.

Heat storage in alloy transformations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Birchenall, C. E.

1980-01-01

Heats of transformation of eutectic alloys were measured for many binary and ternary systems by differential scanning calorimetry and thermal analysis. Only the relatively cheap and plentiful elements Mg, Al, Si, P, Ca, Cu, Zn were considered. A method for measuring volume change during transformation was developed using x-ray absorption in a confined sample. Thermal expansion coefficients of both solid and liquid states of aluminum and of its eutectics with copper and with silicon also were determined. Preliminary evaluation of containment materials lead to the selection of silicon carbide as the initial material for study. Possible applications of alloy PCMs for heat storage in conventional and solar central power stations, small solar receivers and industrial furnace operations are under consideration.

Phase transformations at interfaces: Observations from atomistic modeling

DOE PAGES

Frolov, T.; Asta, M.; Mishin, Y.

2016-10-01

Here, we review the recent progress in theoretical understanding and atomistic computer simulations of phase transformations in materials interfaces, focusing on grain boundaries (GBs) in metallic systems. Recently developed simulation approaches enable the search and structural characterization of GB phases in single-component metals and binary alloys, calculation of thermodynamic properties of individual GB phases, and modeling of the effect of the GB phase transformations on GB kinetics. Atomistic simulations demonstrate that the GB transformations can be induced by varying the temperature, loading the GB with point defects, or varying the amount of solute segregation. The atomic-level understanding obtained from suchmore » simulations can provide input for further development of thermodynamics theories and continuous models of interface phase transformations while simultaneously serving as a testing ground for validation of theories and models. They can also help interpret and guide experimental work in this field.« less

Arsenate uptake and arsenite simultaneous sorption and oxidation by Fe-Mn binary oxides: influence of Mn/Fe ratio, pH, Ca2+, and humic acid.

PubMed

Zhang, Gaosheng; Liu, Huijuan; Qu, Jiuhui; Jefferson, William

2012-01-15

Arsenate retention, arsenite sorption and oxidation on the surfaces of Fe-Mn binary oxides may play an important role in the mobilization and transformation of arsenic, due to the common occurrence of these oxides in the environment. However, no sufficient information on the sorption behaviors of arsenic on Fe-Mn binary oxides is available. This study investigated the influences of Mn/Fe molar ratio, solution pH, coexisting calcium ions, and humic acids have on arsenic sorption by Fe-Mn binary oxides. To create Fe-Mn binary oxides, simultaneous oxidation and co-precipitation methods were employed. The Fe-Mn binary oxides exhibited a porous crystalline structure similar to 2-line ferrihydrite at Mn/Fe ratios 1:3 and below, whereas exhibited similar structures to δ-MnO(2) at higher ratios. The As(V) sorption maximum was observed at a Mn/Fe ratio of 1:6, but As(III) uptake maximum was at Mn/Fe ratio 1:3. However, As(III) adsorption capacity was much higher than that of As(V) at each Mn/Fe ratio. As(V) sorption was found to decrease with increasing pH, while As(III) sorption edge was different, depending on the content of MnO(2) in the binary oxides. The presence of Ca(2+) enhanced the As(V) uptake under alkaline pH, but did not significantly influence the As(III) sorption by 1:9 Fe-Mn binary oxide; whereas the presence of humic acid slightly reduced both As(V) and As(III) uptake. These results indicate that As(III) is more easily immobilized than As(V) in the environment, where Fe-Mn binary oxides are available as sorbents and they represent attractive adsorbents for both As(V) and As(III) removal from water and groundwater. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Photometric Determination of Binary Mass Ratios in the WIYN Open Cluster Study (WOCS) Using Theoretical Isochrones

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cai, K.; Durisen, R. H.; Deliyannis, C. P.

2003-05-01

Binary stars in Galactic open clusters are difficult to detect without spectroscopic observations. However, from theoretical isochrones, we find that binary stars with different primary masses M1 and mass ratios q = M2/M1 have measurably different behaviors in various UBVRI color-magnitude and color-color diagrams. By using appropriate Yonsei-Yale Isochrones, in the best cases we can evaluate M1 and q to within about +/- 0.1Msun and +/- 0.1, respectively, for individual proper-motion members that have multiple WOCS UBVRI measurements of high quality. The cluster metallicity, reddening, and distance modulus and best-fit isochrones are determined self-consistently from the same WOCS data. This technique allows us to detect binaries and determine their mass ratios in open clusters without time-consuming spectrocopy, which is only sensitive to a limited range of binary separations. We will report results from this photometric technique for WOCS cluster M35 for M1 in the range of 1 to 4 Msun. For the lower main sequence, we used the empirical colors to reduce the error introduced by the problematic color transformations of Y2 Isochrones. In addition to other sources of uncertainty, we have considered effects of rapid rotation and pulsational instability. We plan to apply our method to other WOCS clusters in the future and explore differences in binary fractions and/or mass ratio distributions as a function of cluster age, metallicity, and other parameters.

Division in a Binary Representation for Complex Numbers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blest, David C.; Jamil, Tariq

2003-01-01

Computer operations involving complex numbers, essential in such applications as Fourier transforms or image processing, are normally performed in a "divide-and-conquer" approach dealing separately with real and imaginary parts. A number of proposals have treated complex numbers as a single unit but all have foundered on the problem of the…

Logistic Map for Cancellable Biometrics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Supriya, V. G., Dr; Manjunatha, Ramachandra, Dr

2017-08-01

This paper presents design and implementation of secured biometric template protection system by transforming the biometric template using binary chaotic signals and 3 different key streams to obtain another form of template and demonstrating its efficiency by the results and investigating on its security through analysis including, key space analysis, information entropy and key sensitivity analysis.

Behavior of Sn atoms in GeSn thin films during thermal annealing: Ex-situ and in-situ observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Takase, Ryohei; Ishimaru, Manabu; Uchida, Noriyuki; Maeda, Tatsuro; Sato, Kazuhisa; Lieten, Ruben R.; Locquet, Jean-Pierre

2016-12-01

Thermally induced crystallization processes for amorphous GeSn thin films with Sn concentrations beyond the solubility limit of the bulk crystal Ge-Sn binary system have been examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, grazing incidence X-ray diffraction, and (scanning) transmission electron microscopy. We paid special attention to the behavior of Sn before and after recrystallization. In the as-deposited specimens, Sn atoms were homogeneously distributed in an amorphous matrix. Prior to crystallization, an amorphous-to-amorphous phase transformation associated with the rearrangement of Sn atoms was observed during heat treatment; this transformation is reversible with respect to temperature. Remarkable recrystallization occurred at temperatures above 400 °C, and Sn atoms were ejected from the crystallized GeSn matrix. The segregation of Sn became more pronounced with increasing annealing temperature, and the ejected Sn existed as a liquid phase. It was found that the molten Sn remains as a supercooled liquid below the eutectic temperature of the Ge-Sn binary system during the cooling process, and finally, β-Sn precipitates were formed at ambient temperature.

Adsorption of N-hexane, methanol and water vapor and binary mixtures of N-hexane/water vapor on super activated carbon nanoparticles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prado, Jesus Antonio

Recent times have seen a large rise in the utilization of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) within a wide variety of industries due to their unique properties. Consequently, the fabrication, application and disposal of ENMs will inevitably lead to their release to the environment. Once ENMs are in the environment, they may undergo atmospheric transformations, such the sorption of hazardous air pollutants (HAPs) or water vapor. These transformed ENMs may then affect the general public through inhalation -- or other pathways of exposure -- and those employed by the ever-growing nanotechnology sector are of particular vulnerability. As a result, it is important to evaluate the adsorption characteristics of a common carbon-based ENM under the presence of HAPs or water vapor which may adsorb onto them. This study investigated the unary and binary gas-phase adsorption of n-hexane, methanol and water vapor on super activated carbon nanoparticles (SACNPs) with a bench-scale adsorption system. Removal efficiencies, breakthrough tests, throughput ratios, adsorption capacities and kinetics modeling were completed to assess the adsorption behavior of the SACNPs.

Modelling Chemical Reasoning to Predict and Invent Reactions.

PubMed

Segler, Marwin H S; Waller, Mark P

2017-05-02

The ability to reason beyond established knowledge allows organic chemists to solve synthetic problems and invent novel transformations. Herein, we propose a model that mimics chemical reasoning, and formalises reaction prediction as finding missing links in a knowledge graph. We have constructed a knowledge graph containing 14.4 million molecules and 8.2 million binary reactions, which represents the bulk of all chemical reactions ever published in the scientific literature. Our model outperforms a rule-based expert system in the reaction prediction task for 180 000 randomly selected binary reactions. The data-driven model generalises even beyond known reaction types, and is thus capable of effectively (re-)discovering novel transformations (even including transition metal-catalysed reactions). Our model enables computers to infer hypotheses about reactivity and reactions by only considering the intrinsic local structure of the graph and because each single reaction prediction is typically achieved in a sub-second time frame, the model can be used as a high-throughput generator of reaction hypotheses for reaction discovery. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Fast precalculated triangular mesh algorithm for 3D binary computer-generated holograms.

PubMed

Yang, Fan; Kaczorowski, Andrzej; Wilkinson, Tim D

2014-12-10

A new method for constructing computer-generated holograms using a precalculated triangular mesh is presented. The speed of calculation can be increased dramatically by exploiting both the precalculated base triangle and GPU parallel computing. Unlike algorithms using point-based sources, this method can reconstruct a more vivid 3D object instead of a "hollow image." In addition, there is no need to do a fast Fourier transform for each 3D element every time. A ferroelectric liquid crystal spatial light modulator is used to display the binary hologram within our experiment and the hologram of a base right triangle is produced by utilizing just a one-step Fourier transform in the 2D case, which can be expanded to the 3D case by multiplying by a suitable Fresnel phase plane. All 3D holograms generated in this paper are based on Fresnel propagation; thus, the Fresnel plane is treated as a vital element in producing the hologram. A GeForce GTX 770 graphics card with 2 GB memory is used to achieve parallel computing.

Beyond logistic regression: structural equations modelling for binary variables and its application to investigating unobserved confounders.

PubMed

Kupek, Emil

2006-03-15

Structural equation modelling (SEM) has been increasingly used in medical statistics for solving a system of related regression equations. However, a great obstacle for its wider use has been its difficulty in handling categorical variables within the framework of generalised linear models. A large data set with a known structure among two related outcomes and three independent variables was generated to investigate the use of Yule's transformation of odds ratio (OR) into Q-metric by (OR-1)/(OR+1) to approximate Pearson's correlation coefficients between binary variables whose covariance structure can be further analysed by SEM. Percent of correctly classified events and non-events was compared with the classification obtained by logistic regression. The performance of SEM based on Q-metric was also checked on a small (N = 100) random sample of the data generated and on a real data set. SEM successfully recovered the generated model structure. SEM of real data suggested a significant influence of a latent confounding variable which would have not been detectable by standard logistic regression. SEM classification performance was broadly similar to that of the logistic regression. The analysis of binary data can be greatly enhanced by Yule's transformation of odds ratios into estimated correlation matrix that can be further analysed by SEM. The interpretation of results is aided by expressing them as odds ratios which are the most frequently used measure of effect in medical statistics.

Underwater object classification using scattering transform of sonar signals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saito, Naoki; Weber, David S.

2017-08-01

In this paper, we apply the scattering transform (ST)-a nonlinear map based off of a convolutional neural network (CNN)-to classification of underwater objects using sonar signals. The ST formalizes the observation that the filters learned by a CNN have wavelet-like structure. We achieve effective binary classification both on a real dataset of Unexploded Ordinance (UXOs), as well as synthetically generated examples. We also explore the effects on the waveforms with respect to changes in the object domain (e.g., translation, rotation, and acoustic impedance, etc.), and examine the consequences coming from theoretical results for the scattering transform. We show that the scattering transform is capable of excellent classification on both the synthetic and real problems, thanks to having more quasi-invariance properties that are well-suited to translation and rotation of the object.

PREFACE Integrability and nonlinear phenomena Integrability and nonlinear phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gómez-Ullate, David; Lombardo, Sara; Mañas, Manuel; Mazzocco, Marta; Nijhoff, Frank; Sommacal, Matteo

2010-10-01

Back in 1967, Clifford Gardner, John Greene, Martin Kruskal and Robert Miura published a seminal paper in Physical Review Letters which was to become a cornerstone in the theory of integrable systems. In 2006, the authors of this paper received the AMS Steele Prize. In this award the AMS pointed out that `In applications of mathematics, solitons and their descendants (kinks, anti-kinks, instantons, and breathers) have entered and changed such diverse fields as nonlinear optics, plasma physics, and ocean, atmospheric, and planetary sciences. Nonlinearity has undergone a revolution: from a nuisance to be eliminated, to a new tool to be exploited.' From this discovery the modern theory of integrability bloomed, leading scientists to a deep understanding of many nonlinear phenomena which is by no means reachable by perturbation methods or other previous tools from linear theories. Nonlinear phenomena appear everywhere in nature, their description and understanding is therefore of great interest both from the theoretical and applicative point of view. If a nonlinear phenomenon can be represented by an integrable system then we have at our disposal a variety of tools to achieve a better mathematical description of the phenomenon. This special issue is largely dedicated to investigations of nonlinear phenomena which are related to the concept of integrability, either involving integrable systems themselves or because they use techniques from the theory of integrability. The idea of this special issue originated during the 18th edition of the Nonlinear Evolution Equations and Dynamical Systems (NEEDS) workshop, held at Isola Rossa, Sardinia, Italy, 16-23 May 2009 (http://needs-conferences.net/2009/). The issue benefits from the occasion offered by the meeting, in particular by its mini-workshops programme, and contains invited review papers and contributed papers. It is worth pointing out that there was an open call for papers and all contributions were peer reviewed according to the standards of the journal. The selection of papers in this issue aims to bring together recent developments and findings, even though it consists of only a fraction of the impressive developments in recent years which have affected a broad range of fields, including the theory of special functions, quantum integrable systems, numerical analysis, cellular automata, representations of quantum groups, symmetries of difference equations, discrete geometry, among others. The special issue begins with four review papers: Integrable models in nonlinear optics and soliton solutions Degasperis [1] reviews integrable models in nonlinear optics. He presents a number of approximate models which are integrable and illustrates the links between the mathematical and applicative aspects of the theory of integrable dynamical systems. In particular he discusses the recent impact of boomeronic-type wave equations on applications arising in the context of the resonant interaction of three waves. Hamiltonian PDEs: deformations, integrability, solutions Dubrovin [2] presents classification results for systems of nonlinear Hamiltonian partial differential equations (PDEs) in one spatial dimension. In particular he uses a perturbative approach to the theory of integrability of these systems and discusses their solutions. He conjectures universality of the critical behaviour for the solutions, where the notion of universality refers to asymptotic independence of the structure of solutions (at the point of gradient catastrophe) from the choice of generic initial data as well as from the choice of a generic PDE. KP solitons in shallow water Kodama [3] presents a survey of recent studies on soliton solutions of the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili (KP) equation. A large variety of exact soliton solutions of the KP equation are presented and classified. The study includes numerical analysis of the stability of the found solution as well as numerical simulations of the initial value problems which indicate that a certain class of initial waves approach asymptotically these exact solutions of the KP equation. The author discusses an application of the theory to the problem of the resonant interaction of solitary waves appearing in the reflection of an obliquely incident wave onto a vertical wall, known as the Mach reflection problem in shallow water. A beautiful explanation of the problem was presented in a swimming pool experiment during NEEDS 2009. Smooth and peaked solitons of the CH equation Holm and Ivanov [4] discuss the relations between smooth and peaked soliton solutions for the Camassa-Holm (CH) shallow water wave equation in one spatial dimension. They first present the derivation of the soliton solution for the CH equation by means of inverse scattering transform (IST); the solution is obtained in a form that admits the peakon limit. The canonical Hamiltonian formulation of the CH equation in action-angle variables is recovered using the scattering data. The authors review some of the geometric properties of the CH equation and conclude their review with the higher dimensional generalization of the dispersionless CH equation, known as EPDiff. They also consider the possible extensions of their approach in three open problems. Regular contributions to this issue cover a wide range of topics related to integrable systems. Let us briefly illustrate some of the topics covered by this issue. One of the main topics is the study of hierarchies of integrable equations. The multifaceted idea of integrability of a particular PDE includes an approach whose aim is to find an infinite set of independent conserved quantities, much in the spirit of Liouville integrability in classical mechanics. The existence of these conserved quantities in involution, or of the corresponding infinite set of commuting symmetries, leads to an infinite set of commuting flows; i.e., to the construction of a hierarchy of compatible PDEs with respect to an infinite set of times. Obviously one can generalize or adapt this construction to different settings like the integro-differential, discrete or super-symmetric ones. The emphasis is usually to find auxiliary linear systems defining an infinite set of linear commuting flows whose solutions, if some asymptotic conditions are imposed, are named wave or Baker-Akhiezer functions. These linear flows determine the so called Lax equations, another infinite set of commuting equations whose compatibility leads to the so called Zakharov-Shabat system. An alternative description of the hierarchies is achieved with the use of the bilinear equations directly linked with the tau-function description of the hierarchy. There are two paradigmatic integrable hierarchies, namely the KP and 2-dimensional Toda lattice (2DTL). These hierarchies are treated within this volume in three contributions. In particular, Takasaki [5] reconsiders the extended Toda hierarchy of Carlet, Dubrovin and Zhang in the light of Ogawa's 2 + 1D extension of the 1D Toda hierarchy. It turns out that the former may be thought of as some sort of dimensional reduction of the latter. This explains the structure of the bilinear formalism proposed by Milanov. Carlet and Manas [6] study the 2-component KP and 2D Toda hierarchies and solve explicitly several implicit constraints present in the usual Lax formulation of the hierarchy, thus identifying a set of free dependent variables for such hierarchies. Finally, the KP hierarchy is considered in the paper by Lin et al [7], which explores the extended flows of a q-deformed modified KP hierarchy leading to the introduction of self-consistent sources. By a combination of the dressing method and the method of variation of constants, the authors are able through a dressing approach to find a scheme for the construction of solutions of the corresponding integrable equations with self-consistent sources. The study of dispersionless integrable hierarchies is an active field of research, and this special issue includes two papers devoted to the subject. Konopelchenko et al [8] describe critical and degenerate critical points of a scalar function which obeys the Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation in terms of the hodograph solutions of the dispersionless coupled Korteweg-de Vries hierarchies. Finally, Bogdanov [9] considers 2-component integrable generalizations of the dispersionless 2D Toda lattice hierarchy connected with non-Hamiltonian vector fields, similar to the Manakov-Santini hierarchy generalizing the dKP hierarchy. He presents the simplest 2-component generalization of the dispersionless 2DTL equation, being its differential reduction analogous to the Dunajski interpolating system. Some papers in the issue are concerned with methods to construct solutions of integrable systems, while others place more emphasis on studying properties of specific solutions of applicative interest. Among the first approach, the paper by Kaup and van Gorder [10] describes perturbation theory applied to the Inverse Scattering Transform in 3x eigenvalue problems of Zakharov-Shabat's type. Schiebold [11] studies a projection method to construct solutions of the Ablowitz-Kaup-Newell-Segur (AKNS) system, which enables her to write explicit N-soliton solutions in closed form. An example of the second kind is the paper by Biondini and Wang [12], who study in detail the behaviour of line soliton solutions of the 2DTL, describing their directions and amplitudes and also the richness of their interactions, which include resonant soliton interactions and web structure. An important field of study in integrable systems relates to the singularity structure of the solutions to nonlinear equations. When all movable singularities are poles, the system is said to have the Painleve property. The solutions may be multivalued but they can be analytically continued to meromorphic functions on the universal cover of the punctured Riemann sphere (the punctures being the fixed singularities) and the spectral curve is an affine algebraic curve. Benes and Previato [13] study the connection between the Painleve property and algebras of differential operators, extending an approach initiated by Flaschka. Solutions to some integrable systems can be constructed in terms of analytic objects associated to a spectral algebraic curve. It is therefore of interest to study the Riemann surfaces of algebraic functions, a program illustrated in the paper by Braden and Northover [14], who have implemented some algorithms for this purpose in a popular symbolic computation software. In the paper by Zhilinski [15], the critical points of the energy momentum map in classical Hamiltonian problems with nontrivial monodromy are shown to form regular lattices. The quantum mechanical counterpart has similar lattices for the joint spectrum of the commuting observables. Some examples are given in which these points form special geometric patterns. Claeys [16] uses analytic techniques and Riemann-Hilbert problems to study the asymptotic behaviour when x and t tend to infinity of a solution to the second member of the Painleve I hierarchy, which arises in multicritical string model theory and random matrix theory. This solution is conjectured to describe the universal asymptotics for Hamiltonian perturbations of hyperbolic equations near the point of gradient catastrophe for the unperturbed equation. Darboux and Backlund transformations were born more than a century ago in the context of the geometric theory of surfaces. In the past few decades they have become a useful element in the theory of integrability, with applications in different guises. Typically, they appear in dressing methods that show how to construct new interesting solutions from known simple ones. A few of the contributed papers to the issue make use of these transformations as one of their fundamental objects. Liu et al [17] use iterated Darboux transformations to construct compact representations of the multi-soliton solutions to the derivative nonlinear Schroedinger (DNLS) equation. Ragnisco and Zullo [18] construct Backlund transformations for the trigonometric classical Gaudin magnet in the partially anisotropic (xxz) case, identifying the subcase of transformations that preserve the real character of the variables. The recently discovered exceptional polynomials are complete polynomial systems that satisfy Sturm-Liouville problems but differ from the classical families of Hermite, Laguerre and Jacobi. Gomez-Ullate et al [19] prove that the families of exceptional orthogonal polynomials known to date can be obtained from the classical ones via a Darboux transformation, which becomes a useful tool to derive some of their properties. Integrability in the context of classical mechanics is associated to the existence of a sufficient number of conserved quantities, which allows sometimes an explicit integration of the equations of motion. This is the case for the motion of the Chaplygin sleigh, a rigid body motion on a fluid with nonholonomic constraints studied in the paper by Fedorov and Garcia-Naranjo [20], who derive explicit solutions and study their asymptotic behaviour. In connection with classical mechanics, some techniques of KAM theory have been used by Procesi [21] to derive normal forms for the NLS equation in its Hamiltonian formulation and prove existence and stability of quasi-periodic solutions in the case of periodic boundary conditions. Algebraic and group theoretic aspects of integrability are covered in a number of papers in the issue. The quest for symmetries of a system of differential equations usually allows us to reduce the order or the number of equations or to find special solutions possesing that symmetry, but algebraic aspects of integrable systems encompass a wide and rich spectrum of techniques, as evidenced by the following contributions. Muriel and Romero [22] perform a systematic study of all second order nonlinear ODEs that are linearizable by generalized Sundman and point transformations, showing that the two classes are inequivalent and providing an explicit characterization thereof. Lie algebras are also prominent in the work of Gerdjikov et al [23], where a class of integrable PDEs associated to symmetric spaces is studied in detail. In their approach, systems of nonlinear integrable PDEs are obtained as reductions of generic integrable systems corresponding to Lax operators with matrix coefficients. The reduction here is carried out using a reduction group which reflects symmetries of the Lax operator. These symmetries allow also a characterization of the corresponding Riemann-Hilbert data. Habibullin [24] employs algebraic techniques to study discrete chains of differential-difference equations that are Darboux integrable, i.e. that admit a certain number of nontrivial first integrals. Musso [25] provides a unified algebraic framework for the rational, trigonometric and elliptic Gaudin models. The results are achieved using a generalization of the Gaudin algebras and of the so-called coproduct method. Odesskii and Sokolov [26] present a classification of all infinite (1+1)-dimensional hydrodynamic-type chains of shift one. They establish a one-to-one correspondence between integrable chains and infinite triangular Gibbons-Tsarev (GT) systems and thus reduce the classification problem to a description of all GT-systems. In Korff's paper [27] we find a study of various algebraic and combinatorial structures that emerge in the statistical vertex model with infinite spin, an integrable model associated to a certain quantum affine algebra. In the crystal limit, this model is connected with the WZNW model in conformal field theory. The motivation for some of the submitted contributions arises also from field theories in theoretical physics. Ferreira et al [28] construct soliton solutions with non-zero topological charges to the Skyrme-Faddeev model in Yang-Mills theory. Using techniques of differential geometry and complex analysis, Manton and Rink [29] explore vortex solutions on hyperbolic surfaces extending an approach by Witten. These solutions can be interpreted as self-dual SU(2) Yang-Mills fields on R4. Shah and Woodhouse [30] use the Penrose-Ward correspondence from twistor theory to relate generalized anti self-duality equations to certain isomonodromic problems whose solutions are expressed in terms of generalized hypergeometric functions. Applications of integrable systems and nonlinear phenomena in other fields are also present in some of the papers. Kanna et al [31] study the collision of soliton solutions to coherently coupled NLS equations using a variant of the Hirota bilinearization method. Their results have applications in pulse shaping in nonlinear optics. Calogero et al [32] present examples of systems of ODEs with quadratic nonlinearities that could describe rate equations in chemical dynamics. They derive explicit conditions on the parameters of the problem for which the solutions are periodic and isochronous. Ablowitz and Haut [33] study the motion of large amplitude water waves with surface tension using asymptotic expansions and providing a comparison with experimental results. This issue is the result of the collaboration of many individuals. We would like to thank the editors and staff of the Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical for their enthusiastic support and efficient help during the preparation of this issue. A key factor has been the work of many anonymous referees who performed careful analysis and scrutiny of the research papers submitted to this issue, often making remarks which helped to improve their quality and readability. They carried out dedicated, altruistic work with a very high standard and this issue would not exist without their contribution. Finally, we would like to thank the authors who responded to our open call, sending us their most recent results and sharing with us the enthusiasm and interest for this fascinating field of research. We hope that this collection of papers will provide a good overview for anyone interested in recent developments in the field of integrability and nonlinear phenomena. [1] Integrable models in nonlinear optics and soliton solutions Degasperis A [2] Hamiltonian PDEs: deformations, integrability, solutions Dubrovin B [3] Smooth and peaked solitons of the CH equation Holm D D and Ivanov R I [4] KP solitons in shallow water Kodama Y [5] Two extensions of 1D Toda hierarchy Takasaki K [6] On the Lax representation of the 2-component KP and 2D Toda hierarchies Guido Carlet and Manuel Manas [7] The q-deformed mKP hierarchy with self-consistent sources, Wronskian solutions and solitons Lin R L, Peng H and Manas M [8] Hodograph solutions of the dispersionless coupled KdV hierarchies, critical points and the Euler-Poisson-Darboux equation Konopelchenko B, Martinez Alonso L and E Medina [9] Non-Hamiltonian generalizations of the dispersionless 2DTL hierarchy Bogdanov L V [10] Squared eigenfunctions and the perturbation theory for the nondegenerate N x N operator: a general outline Kaup D J and Van Gorder R A [11] The noncommutative AKNS system: projection to matrix systems, countable superposition and soliton-like solutions Schiebold C [12] On the soliton solutions of the two-dimensional Toda lattice Biondini G and Wang D [13] Differential algebra of the Painleve property Benes G N and Previato E [14] Klein's curve Braden H W and Northover T P [15] Quantum monodromy and pattern formation Zhilinskii B [16] A symptotics for a special solution to the second member of the Painleve I hierarchy Claeys T [17] Darboux transformation for a two-component derivative nonlinear Schroedinger equation Ling L and Liu Q P [18] Backlund transformations as exact integrable time discretizations for the trigonometric Gaudin model Ragnisco O and Zullo F [19] Exceptional orthogonal polynomials and the Darboux transformation Gomez-Ullate D, Kamran N and Milson R [20] The hydrodynamic Chaplygin sleigh Fedorov Y N and Garcia-Naranjo L C [21] A normal form for beam and non-local nonlinear Schroedinger equations Procesi M [22] Nonlocal transformations and linearization of second-order ordinary differential equations Muriel and Romero J L [23] Reductions of integrable equations on A.III-type symmetric spaces Gerdjikov V S, Mikhailov A V and Valchev T I [24] On Darboux-integrable semi-discrete chains Habibullin I, Zheltukhina N and Sakieva A [25] Loop coproducts, Gaudin models and Poisson coalgebras Musso F [26] Classification of integrable hydrodynamic chains Odesskii A V and Sokolov V V [27] Noncommutative Schur polynomials and the crystal limit of the Uq sl(2)-vertex model Korff C [28] Axially symmetric soliton solutions in a Skyrme-Faddeev-type model with Gies's extension Ferreira L A, Sawado N and Toda K [29] Vortices on hyperbolic surfaces Manton N S and Rink N A [30] Multivariate hypergeometric cascades, isomonodromy problems and Ward ansatze Shah M R and Woodhouse N J M [31] Coherently coupled bright optical solitons and their collisions Kanna T, Vijayajayanthi M and Lakshmanan M [32] Isochronous rate equations describing chemical reactions Calogero F, Leyvraz F and Sommacal M [33] Asymptotic expansions for solitary gravity-capillary waves in two and three dimensions Ablowitz M J and Haut T S

Interplay of symmetries and other integrability quantifiers in finite-dimensional integrable nonlinear dynamical systems

PubMed Central

Mohanasubha, R.; Chandrasekar, V. K.; Lakshmanan, M.

2016-01-01

In this work, we establish a connection between the extended Prelle–Singer procedure and other widely used analytical methods to identify integrable systems in the case of nth-order nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs). By synthesizing these methods, we bring out the interlink between Lie point symmetries, contact symmetries, λ-symmetries, adjoint symmetries, null forms, Darboux polynomials, integrating factors, the Jacobi last multiplier and generalized λ-symmetries corresponding to the nth-order ODEs. We also prove these interlinks with suitable examples. By exploiting these interconnections, the characteristic quantities associated with different methods can be deduced without solving the associated determining equations. PMID:27436964

Prototype Focal-Plane-Array Optoelectronic Image Processor

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fang, Wai-Chi; Shaw, Timothy; Yu, Jeffrey

1995-01-01

Prototype very-large-scale integrated (VLSI) planar array of optoelectronic processing elements combines speed of optical input and output with flexibility of reconfiguration (programmability) of electronic processing medium. Basic concept of processor described in "Optical-Input, Optical-Output Morphological Processor" (NPO-18174). Performs binary operations on binary (black and white) images. Each processing element corresponds to one picture element of image and located at that picture element. Includes input-plane photodetector in form of parasitic phototransistor part of processing circuit. Output of each processing circuit used to modulate one picture element in output-plane liquid-crystal display device. Intended to implement morphological processing algorithms that transform image into set of features suitable for high-level processing; e.g., recognition.

Fragility and glass transition for binary mixtures of 1,2-propanediol and LiBF4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Terashima, Y.; Mori, M.; Sugimoto, N.; Takeda, K.

2014-04-01

The fragility and glass transition for binary mixtures of 1,2-propanediol and LiBF4 were investigated by measuring the heating rate dependence of glass transition temperature (Tg) using differential scanning calorimetry. With increasing LiBF4 mole fraction, x, up to 0.25, fragility, m, increased rapidly from 53 to 85, and then remained approximately unchanged for x > 0.25. The concentration dependences of Tg and heat capacity jump at Tg also showed anomalies around x = 0.25. We suggest this mixture transformed from a moderate to quite fragile liquid at x = 0.25 because of a structural change from a hydrogen-bonding- to ionic-interaction-dominant system.

Hyperspectral image classification based on local binary patterns and PCANet

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Huizhen; Gao, Feng; Dong, Junyu; Yang, Yang

2018-04-01

Hyperspectral image classification has been well acknowledged as one of the challenging tasks of hyperspectral data processing. In this paper, we propose a novel hyperspectral image classification framework based on local binary pattern (LBP) features and PCANet. In the proposed method, linear prediction error (LPE) is first employed to select a subset of informative bands, and LBP is utilized to extract texture features. Then, spectral and texture features are stacked into a high dimensional vectors. Next, the extracted features of a specified position are transformed to a 2-D image. The obtained images of all pixels are fed into PCANet for classification. Experimental results on real hyperspectral dataset demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.

A hardware implementation of the discrete Pascal transform for image processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodman, Thomas J.; Aburdene, Maurice F.

2006-02-01

The discrete Pascal transform is a polynomial transform with applications in pattern recognition, digital filtering, and digital image processing. It already has been shown that the Pascal transform matrix can be decomposed into a product of binary matrices. Such a factorization leads to a fast and efficient hardware implementation without the use of multipliers, which consume large amounts of hardware. We recently developed a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation to compute the Pascal transform. Our goal was to demonstrate the computational efficiency of the transform while keeping hardware requirements at a minimum. Images are uploaded into memory from a remote computer prior to processing, and the transform coefficients can be offloaded from the FPGA board for analysis. Design techniques like as-soon-as-possible scheduling and adder sharing allowed us to develop a fast and efficient system. An eight-point, one-dimensional transform completes in 13 clock cycles and requires only four adders. An 8x8 two-dimensional transform completes in 240 cycles and requires only a top-level controller in addition to the one-dimensional transform hardware. Finally, through minor modifications to the controller, the transform operations can be pipelined to achieve 100% utilization of the four adders, allowing one eight-point transform to complete every seven clock cycles.

Synthetic investigation of binary-ternary Cr(III)-hydroxycarboxylic acid-aromatic chelator systems. Structure-specific influence on adipogenic biomarkers linked to insulin mimesis.

PubMed

Tsave, O; Gabriel, C; Kafantari, M; Yavropoulou, M; Yovos, J G; Raptopoulou, C P; Psycharis, V; Terzis, A; Mateescu, C; Salifoglou, A

2018-07-01

In an attempt to understand the aqueous interactions of Cr(III) with low-molecular mass physiological ligands and examine its role as an adipogenic metallodrug agent in Diabetes mellitus II, the pH-specific synthesis in the binary-ternary Cr(III)-(HA = hydroxycarboxylic acid)-(N,N)-aromatic chelator (AC) (HA = 2-hydroxyethyl iminodiacetic acid/heidaH 2 , quinic acid; AC = 1,10-phenanthroline/phen) systems was pursued, leading to four new crystalline compounds. All materials were characterized by elemental analysis, UV-Visible, FT-IR, and ESI-MS spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and X-Ray crystallography. Concurrently, the aqueous speciation of the binary Cr(III)-(2-hydroxyethyl iminodiacetic acid) system, complemented by ESI-MS, provided key-details of the species in solution correlating with the solid-state species. The structurally distinct Cr(III) soluble species were subsequently used in an in vitro investigation of their cytotoxic activity in 3T3-L1 fibroblast cultures. Compound 1 exhibited solubility, bioavailability, and atoxicity over a wide concentration range (0.1-100 μΜ) in contrast to 3, which was toxic. The adipogenic potential of 1 was subsequently investigated toward transformation of pre-adipocytes into mature adipocytes. Confirmation of that capacity relied on molecular biological techniques a) involving genes (glucose transporter type 4, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma, glucokinase, and adiponectin) serving as sensors of the transformation process, b) comparing the Cr(III)-adipogenicity potential to that of insulin, and c) exemplifying the ultimate maturity of adipocytes poised to catabolize glucose. The collective effort points out salient structural features in the coordination sphere of Cr(III) inducing adipogenic transformation relevant to combating hyperglycemia. The multiply targeted mechanistic insight into such a process exemplifies the role of well-defined Cr(III) complex forms as potential insulin-mimetic adipogenic agents in Diabetes mellitus II. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimal block cosine transform image coding for noisy channels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaishampayan, V.; Farvardin, N.

1986-01-01

The two dimensional block transform coding scheme based on the discrete cosine transform was studied extensively for image coding applications. While this scheme has proven to be efficient in the absence of channel errors, its performance degrades rapidly over noisy channels. A method is presented for the joint source channel coding optimization of a scheme based on the 2-D block cosine transform when the output of the encoder is to be transmitted via a memoryless design of the quantizers used for encoding the transform coefficients. This algorithm produces a set of locally optimum quantizers and the corresponding binary code assignment for the assumed transform coefficient statistics. To determine the optimum bit assignment among the transform coefficients, an algorithm was used based on the steepest descent method, which under certain convexity conditions on the performance of the channel optimized quantizers, yields the optimal bit allocation. Comprehensive simulation results for the performance of this locally optimum system over noisy channels were obtained and appropriate comparisons against a reference system designed for no channel error were rendered.

A robust color image watermarking algorithm against rotation attacks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Han, Shao-cheng; Yang, Jin-feng; Wang, Rui; Jia, Gui-min

2018-01-01

A robust digital watermarking algorithm is proposed based on quaternion wavelet transform (QWT) and discrete cosine transform (DCT) for copyright protection of color images. The luminance component Y of a host color image in YIQ space is decomposed by QWT, and then the coefficients of four low-frequency subbands are transformed by DCT. An original binary watermark scrambled by Arnold map and iterated sine chaotic system is embedded into the mid-frequency DCT coefficients of the subbands. In order to improve the performance of the proposed algorithm against rotation attacks, a rotation detection scheme is implemented before watermark extracting. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed watermarking scheme shows strong robustness not only against common image processing attacks but also against arbitrary rotation attacks.

Solubility enhancement of miconazole nitrate: binary and ternary mixture approach.

PubMed

Rai, Vineet Kumar; Dwivedi, Harinath; Yadav, Narayan Prasad; Chanotiya, Chandan Singh; Saraf, Shubhini A

2014-08-01

Enhancement of aqueous solubility of very slightly soluble Miconazole Nitrate (MN) is required to widen its application from topical formulation to oral/mucoadhesive formulations. Aim of the present investigation was to enhance the aqueous solubility of MN using binary and ternary mixture approach. Binary mixtures such as solvent deposition, inclusion complexation and solid dispersion were adopted to enhance solubility using different polymers like lactose, beta-cyclodextrin (β-CD) and polyethylene-glycol 6000 (PEG 6000), respectively. Batches of binary mixtures with highest solubility enhancement potentials were further mixed to form ternary mixture by a simple kneading method. Drug polymer interaction and mixture morphology was studied using the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and the scanning electron microscopy, respectively along with their saturation solubility studies and drug release. An excellent solubility enhancement, i.e. up to 72 folds and 316 folds of MN was seen by binary and ternary mixture, respectively. Up to 99.5% drug was released in 2 h from the mixtures of MN and polymers. RESULTS revealed that solubility enhancement by binary mixtures is achieved due to surface modification and by increasing wettability of MN. Tremendous increase in solubility of MN by ternary mixture could possibly be due to blending of water soluble polymers, i.e. lactose and PEG 6000 with β-CD which was found to enhance the solubilizing nature of β-CD. Owing to the excellent solubility enhancement potential of ternary mixtures in enhancing MN solubility from 110.4 μg/ml to 57640.0 μg/ml, ternary mixture approach could prove to be promising in the development of oral/mucoadhesive formulations.

Two-dimensional PCA-based human gait identification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Jinyan; Wu, Rongteng

2012-11-01

It is very necessary to recognize person through visual surveillance automatically for public security reason. Human gait based identification focus on recognizing human by his walking video automatically using computer vision and image processing approaches. As a potential biometric measure, human gait identification has attracted more and more researchers. Current human gait identification methods can be divided into two categories: model-based methods and motion-based methods. In this paper a two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis and temporal-space analysis based human gait identification method is proposed. Using background estimation and image subtraction we can get a binary images sequence from the surveillance video. By comparing the difference of two adjacent images in the gait images sequence, we can get a difference binary images sequence. Every binary difference image indicates the body moving mode during a person walking. We use the following steps to extract the temporal-space features from the difference binary images sequence: Projecting one difference image to Y axis or X axis we can get two vectors. Project every difference image in the difference binary images sequence to Y axis or X axis difference binary images sequence we can get two matrixes. These two matrixes indicate the styles of one walking. Then Two-Dimensional Principal Component Analysis(2DPCA) is used to transform these two matrixes to two vectors while at the same time keep the maximum separability. Finally the similarity of two human gait images is calculated by the Euclidean distance of the two vectors. The performance of our methods is illustrated using the CASIA Gait Database.

ECG compression using Slantlet and lifting wavelet transform with and without normalisation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aggarwal, Vibha; Singh Patterh, Manjeet

2013-05-01

This article analyses the performance of: (i) linear transform: Slantlet transform (SLT), (ii) nonlinear transform: lifting wavelet transform (LWT) and (iii) nonlinear transform (LWT) with normalisation for electrocardiogram (ECG) compression. First, an ECG signal is transformed using linear transform and nonlinear transform. The transformed coefficients (TC) are then thresholded using bisection algorithm in order to match the predefined user-specified percentage root mean square difference (UPRD) within the tolerance. Then, the binary look up table is made to store the position map for zero and nonzero coefficients (NZCs). The NZCs are quantised by Max-Lloyd quantiser followed by Arithmetic coding. The look up table is encoded by Huffman coding. The results show that the LWT gives the best result as compared to SLT evaluated in this article. This transform is then considered to evaluate the effect of normalisation before thresholding. In case of normalisation, the TC is normalised by dividing the TC by ? (where ? is number of samples) to reduce the range of TC. The normalised coefficients (NC) are then thresholded. After that the procedure is same as in case of coefficients without normalisation. The results show that the compression ratio (CR) in case of LWT with normalisation is improved as compared to that without normalisation.

Connecting the Particles in the Box - Controlled Fusion of Hexamer Nanocrystal Clusters within an AB6 Binary Nanocrystal Superlattice

PubMed Central

Treml, Benjamin E.; Lukose, Binit; Clancy, Paulette; Smilgies, Detlef-M; Hanrath, Tobias

2014-01-01

Binary nanocrystal superlattices present unique opportunities to create novel interconnected nanostructures by partial fusion of specific components of the superlattice. Here, we demonstrate the binary AB6 superlattice of PbSe and Fe2O3 nanocrystals as a model system to transform the central hexamer of PbSe nanocrystals into a single fused particle. We present detailed structural analysis of the superlattices by combining high-resolution X-ray scattering and electron microscopy. Molecular dynamics simulations show optimum separation of nanocrystals in agreement with the experiment and provide insights into the molecular configuration of surface ligands. We describe the concept of nanocrystal superlattices as a versatile ‘nanoreactor' to create and study novel materials based on precisely defined size, composition and structure of nanocrystals into a mesostructured cluster. We demonstrate ‘controlled fusion' of nanocrystals in the clusters in reactions initiated by thermal treatment and pulsed laser annealing. PMID:25339169

Glacier Frontal Line Extraction from SENTINEL-1 SAR Imagery in Prydz Area

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, F.; Wang, Z.; Zhang, S.; Zhang, Y.

2018-04-01

Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can provide all-day and all-night observation of the earth in all-weather conditions with high resolution, and it is widely used in polar research including sea ice, sea shelf, as well as the glaciers. For glaciers monitoring, the frontal position of a calving glacier at different moments of time is of great importance, which indicates the estimation of the calving rate and flux of the glaciers. In this abstract, an automatic algorithm for glacier frontal extraction using time series Sentinel-1 SAR imagery is proposed. The technique transforms the amplitude imagery of Sentinel-1 SAR into a binary map using SO-CFAR method, and then frontal points are extracted using profile method which reduces the 2D binary map to 1D binary profiles, the final frontal position of a calving glacier is the optimal profile selected from the different average segmented profiles. The experiment proves that the detection algorithm for SAR data can automatically extract the frontal position of glacier with high efficiency.

Fast large-scale object retrieval with binary quantization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Shifu; Zeng, Dan; Shen, Wei; Zhang, Zhijiang; Tian, Qi

2015-11-01

The objective of large-scale object retrieval systems is to search for images that contain the target object in an image database. Where state-of-the-art approaches rely on global image representations to conduct searches, we consider many boxes per image as candidates to search locally in a picture. In this paper, a feature quantization algorithm called binary quantization is proposed. In binary quantization, a scale-invariant feature transform (SIFT) feature is quantized into a descriptive and discriminative bit-vector, which allows itself to adapt to the classic inverted file structure for box indexing. The inverted file, which stores the bit-vector and box ID where the SIFT feature is located inside, is compact and can be loaded into the main memory for efficient box indexing. We evaluate our approach on available object retrieval datasets. Experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach is fast and achieves excellent search quality. Therefore, the proposed approach is an improvement over state-of-the-art approaches for object retrieval.

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.).

PubMed

Fu, Chunxiang; Hernandez, Timothy; Zhou, Chuanen; Wang, Zeng-Yu

2015-01-01

Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a high-quality forage crop widely grown throughout the world. This chapter describes an efficient protocol that allows for the generation of large number of transgenic alfalfa plants by sonication-assisted Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Binary vectors carrying different selectable marker genes that confer resistance to phosphinothricin (bar), kanamycin (npt II), or hygromycin (hph) were used to generate transgenic alfalfa plants. Intact trifoliates collected from clonally propagated plants in the greenhouse were sterilized with bleach and then inoculated with Agrobacterium strain EHA105. More than 80 % of infected leaf pieces could produce rooted transgenic plants in 4-5 months after Agrobacterium-mediated transformation.

Toward Transformative Gender Justice: Listening to Gender Non-Binary Individuals' Experiences of School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Katherine

2017-01-01

The primary purpose of this study is to investigate and understand gender diverse individuals' retrospective accounts of their experiences of school and to interpret these experiences under the influence of deconstruction. A second purpose is to use these experiences to inform a model of gender-inclusive education. In this qualitative study,…

INTERACTION ANALYSES OF BINARY MIXTURES OF CARCINOGENIC PAHS USING MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF C3H1OT1/2CL8 MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS IN CULTURE.

EPA Science Inventory

Studies of defined mixtures of carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) have shown three major categories of interactions: antagonism, synergism, and additivity depending on the biological model, tissue, route of exposure, and specific PAH. To understand the bases of t...

Construction of a plant-transformation-competent BIBAC library and genome sequence analysis of polyploid Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cotton is a world’s leading crop important to the world’s textile and energy industries, and a model species for studies of plant polyploidization, cellulose biosynthesis and cell wall biogenesis. Here, we report the construction and extensive analysis of a binary bacterial artificial chromosome (BI...

An unconventional approach to ecosystem unit classification in western North Carolina, USA

Treesearch

W. Henry McNab; Sara A. Browning; Steven A. Simon; Penelope E. Fouts

1999-01-01

The authors used an unconventional combination of data transformation and multivariate analyses to reduce subjectivity in identification of ecosystem units in a mountainous region of western North Carolina, USA. Vegetative cover and environmental variables were measured on 79 stratified, randomly located, 0.1 ha sample plots in a 4000 ha watershed. Binary...

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Lasiodiplodia theobromae, the causal agent of gummosis in cashew nut plants.

PubMed

Muniz, C R; da Silva, G F; Souza, M T; Freire, F C O; Kema, G H J; Guedes, M I F

2014-02-21

Lasiodiplodia theobromae is a major pathogen of many different crop cultures, including cashew nut plants. This paper describes an efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT) system for the successful delivery of T-DNA, transferring the genes of green fluorescent protein (gfp) and hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) to L. theobromae. When the fungal pycnidiospores were co-cultured with A. tumefaciens harboring the binary vector with hph-gfp gene, hygromycin-resistant fungus only developed with acetosyringone supplementation. The cashew plants inoculated with the fungus expressing GFP revealed characteristic pathogen colonization by epifluorescence microscopy. Intense and bright green hyphae were observed for transformants in all extensions of mycelium cultures. The penetration of parenchyma cells near to the inoculation site, beneath the epicuticle surface, was observed prior to 25 dpi. Penetration was followed by the development of hyphae within invaded host cells. These findings provide a rapid and reproducible ATMT method for L. theobromae transformation.

Generation of β-glucuronidase reporter-tagged strain to monitor Ustilaginoidea virens infection in rice.

PubMed

Andargie, Mebeaselassie; Yang, Chao; Li, Jianxiong

2016-12-01

An Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for the rice false smut fungus Ustilaginoidea virens was developed using conidia as recipients. A binary vector, pCAMBIA1301-P gpdA -GUS-T trpC , was constructed. The gpdA promoter (P gpdA ) from Aspergillus nidulans was used to drive the expression of the β-glucuronidase (GUS) gene which enabled GUS activity visualization. The conidia transformation efficiency reached approximately 110 to 250 transformants per 1×10 5 conidia. Based on the analysis made on five successive generations of subcultures and PCR, the pCAMBIA1301-GUS cassette had integrated into the genomes of all transformants and clearly showed mitotic stability. The novel reporter vector constructed will promote the functional characterization of genes and the construction of genetically engineered strains of this important fungus. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Improved production of transgenic Dioscorea zingiberensis (Dioscoreaceae) by Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.

PubMed

Shi, L; Fan, J Q; Hu, C G; Luo, J; Yao, J L

2012-02-03

The establishment of high-efficiency Agrobacterium-mediated transformation techniques could improve the production of Dioscorea zingiberensis, a medicinal species with a high diosgenin content. We co-cultivated embryogenic calli induced from mature seeds with A. tumefaciens strain EHA105. A binary vector, pCAMBIA1381, which contains the gfp and hpt genes under the control of the ubiquitin promoter and the CaMV 35S promoter, respectively, was used for transformation. Pre-culture, basic medium, acetosyringone, and bacterial density were evaluated to establish the most efficient protocol. The optimal conditions consisted of MS medium without CaCl(2) for pre- and co-cultivation, three days for pre-culture, addition of 200 μM AS, and an OD(600) of 0.5. The transgenic plants grown under selection were confirmed by PCR analysis and Southern blot analysis. This protocol produced transgenic D. zingiberensis plants in seven months, with a transformation efficiency of 6%.

Agrobacterium tumefasciens-mediated transformation of the aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii.

PubMed

Vieira, André L G; Camilo, César M

2011-08-01

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is widely used for plant DNA transformation and more recently, has also been used to transform yeast, filamentous fungi and even human cells. Using this technique, we developed the first transformation protocol for the saprobic aquatic fungus Blastocladiella emersonii, a Blastocladiomycete localized at the base of fungal phylogenetic tree, which has been shown as a promising and interesting model of study of cellular function and differentiation. We constructed binary T-DNA vectors containing hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) or enhanced green fluorescent protein (egfp) genes, under the control of Aspergillus nidulans trpC promoter and terminator sequences. 24 h of co-cultivation in induction medium (IM) agar plates, followed by transfer to PYG-agar plates containing cefotaxim to kill Agrobacterium tumefsciens and hygromycin to select transformants, resulted in growth and sporulation of resistant transformants. Genomic DNA from the pool o resistant zoospores were shown to contain T-DNA insertion as evidenced by PCR amplification of hph gene. Using a similar protocol we could also evidence the expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) in zoospores derived from transformed cells. This protocol can also open new perspectives for other non-transformable closely related fungi, like the Chytridiomycete class. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bayesian multivariate hierarchical transformation models for ROC analysis.

PubMed

O'Malley, A James; Zou, Kelly H

2006-02-15

A Bayesian multivariate hierarchical transformation model (BMHTM) is developed for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on clustered continuous diagnostic outcome data with covariates. Two special features of this model are that it incorporates non-linear monotone transformations of the outcomes and that multiple correlated outcomes may be analysed. The mean, variance, and transformation components are all modelled parametrically, enabling a wide range of inferences. The general framework is illustrated by focusing on two problems: (1) analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of a covariate-dependent univariate test outcome requiring a Box-Cox transformation within each cluster to map the test outcomes to a common family of distributions; (2) development of an optimal composite diagnostic test using multivariate clustered outcome data. In the second problem, the composite test is estimated using discriminant function analysis and compared to the test derived from logistic regression analysis where the gold standard is a binary outcome. The proposed methodology is illustrated on prostate cancer biopsy data from a multi-centre clinical trial.

Bayesian multivariate hierarchical transformation models for ROC analysis

PubMed Central

O'Malley, A. James; Zou, Kelly H.

2006-01-01

SUMMARY A Bayesian multivariate hierarchical transformation model (BMHTM) is developed for receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis based on clustered continuous diagnostic outcome data with covariates. Two special features of this model are that it incorporates non-linear monotone transformations of the outcomes and that multiple correlated outcomes may be analysed. The mean, variance, and transformation components are all modelled parametrically, enabling a wide range of inferences. The general framework is illustrated by focusing on two problems: (1) analysis of the diagnostic accuracy of a covariate-dependent univariate test outcome requiring a Box–Cox transformation within each cluster to map the test outcomes to a common family of distributions; (2) development of an optimal composite diagnostic test using multivariate clustered outcome data. In the second problem, the composite test is estimated using discriminant function analysis and compared to the test derived from logistic regression analysis where the gold standard is a binary outcome. The proposed methodology is illustrated on prostate cancer biopsy data from a multi-centre clinical trial. PMID:16217836

Fast Localization in Large-Scale Environments Using Supervised Indexing of Binary Features.

PubMed

Youji Feng; Lixin Fan; Yihong Wu

2016-01-01

The essence of image-based localization lies in matching 2D key points in the query image and 3D points in the database. State-of-the-art methods mostly employ sophisticated key point detectors and feature descriptors, e.g., Difference of Gaussian (DoG) and Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT), to ensure robust matching. While a high registration rate is attained, the registration speed is impeded by the expensive key point detection and the descriptor extraction. In this paper, we propose to use efficient key point detectors along with binary feature descriptors, since the extraction of such binary features is extremely fast. The naive usage of binary features, however, does not lend itself to significant speedup of localization, since existing indexing approaches, such as hierarchical clustering trees and locality sensitive hashing, are not efficient enough in indexing binary features and matching binary features turns out to be much slower than matching SIFT features. To overcome this, we propose a much more efficient indexing approach for approximate nearest neighbor search of binary features. This approach resorts to randomized trees that are constructed in a supervised training process by exploiting the label information derived from that multiple features correspond to a common 3D point. In the tree construction process, node tests are selected in a way such that trees have uniform leaf sizes and low error rates, which are two desired properties for efficient approximate nearest neighbor search. To further improve the search efficiency, a probabilistic priority search strategy is adopted. Apart from the label information, this strategy also uses non-binary pixel intensity differences available in descriptor extraction. By using the proposed indexing approach, matching binary features is no longer much slower but slightly faster than matching SIFT features. Consequently, the overall localization speed is significantly improved due to the much faster key point detection and descriptor extraction. It is empirically demonstrated that the localization speed is improved by an order of magnitude as compared with state-of-the-art methods, while comparable registration rate and localization accuracy are still maintained.

Chirped-Pulse and Cavity Based Fourier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy of the Methyl Lactate-Ammonia Adduct

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Javix; Sukhorukov, Oleksandr; Jaeger, Wolfgang; Xu, Yunjie

2012-06-01

The hydrogen bonded complex of ammonia with methyl lactate, a chiral alpha-hydroxyester, has been studied using rotational spectroscopy and high level ab initio calculations. Previous studies showed that methyl lactate can exist in a number of conformers. However, only the most stable one which has an intramolecular hydrogen bonded ring formed with its alcoholic hydroxyl and its carbonyl oxygen atom was detected experimentally An extensive ab initio search has been performed to locate all possible low energy conformers of the methyl lactate-ammonia contact pair. Five lowest energy conformers have been identified at the MP2/6-311++G(d,p) level. The lowest energy conformer favors an insertion arrangement, where ammonia is inserted into the existing intramolecular hydrogen bonded ring in the most stable methyl lactate conformer. Broadband scans for the rotational spectra of possible binary conformers have been carried out using a chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) instrument. The most stable binary adduct was identified and assigned. The final frequency measurements have been done with a cavity based FTMW instrument. The spectrum observed shows complicated fine and hyperfine splitting patterns, likely due to the internal rotations of the methyl groups of methyl lactate and that of ammonia, as well as the 14N quadrupolar nucleus. The binary adduct with 15NH3 has also been studied to simplify the splitting pattern and to aid the assignments of the extensive splittings. The isotopic data and the fine and hyperfine structures will be discussed in terms of internal rotation dynamics and geometry of the hydrogen bonded adduct.

LDFT-based watermarking resilient to local desynchronization attacks.

PubMed

Tian, Huawei; Zhao, Yao; Ni, Rongrong; Qin, Lunming; Li, Xuelong

2013-12-01

Up to now, a watermarking scheme that is robust against desynchronization attacks (DAs) is still a grand challenge. Most image watermarking resynchronization schemes in literature can survive individual global DAs (e.g., rotation, scaling, translation, and other affine transforms), but few are resilient to challenging cropping and local DAs. The main reason is that robust features for watermark synchronization are only globally invariable rather than locally invariable. In this paper, we present a blind image watermarking resynchronization scheme against local transform attacks. First, we propose a new feature transform named local daisy feature transform (LDFT), which is not only globally but also locally invariable. Then, the binary space partitioning (BSP) tree is used to partition the geometrically invariant LDFT space. In the BSP tree, the location of each pixel is fixed under global transform, local transform, and cropping. Lastly, the watermarking sequence is embedded bit by bit into each leaf node of the BSP tree by using the logarithmic quantization index modulation watermarking embedding method. Simulation results show that the proposed watermarking scheme can survive numerous kinds of distortions, including common image-processing attacks, local and global DAs, and noninvertible cropping.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiang, Daqiang, E-mail: dq80jiang@126.com; Cui, Lishan; Jiang, Jiang

Graphical abstract: - Highlights: • In situ NiTi/Nb(Ti) composites were fabricated. • The transformation temperature was affected by the mixing Ti:Ni atomic ratios. • The NiTi component became micron-scale lamella after forging and rolling. • The composite exhibited high strength and high damping capacity. - Abstract: This paper reports on the creation of a series of in situ NiTi/Nb(Ti) composites with controllable transformation temperatures based on the pseudo-binary hypereutectic transformation of NiTi–Nb system. The composite constituent morphology was controlled by forging and rolling. It is found that the thickness of the NiTi lamella in the composite reached micron level aftermore » the hot-forging and cold-rolling. The NiTi/Nb(Ti) composite exhibited high damping capacity as well as high yield strength.« less

Towards weakly constrained double field theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Kanghoon

2016-08-01

We show that it is possible to construct a well-defined effective field theory incorporating string winding modes without using strong constraint in double field theory. We show that X-ray (Radon) transform on a torus is well-suited for describing weakly constrained double fields, and any weakly constrained fields are represented as a sum of strongly constrained fields. Using inverse X-ray transform we define a novel binary operation which is compatible with the level matching constraint. Based on this formalism, we construct a consistent gauge transform and gauge invariant action without using strong constraint. We then discuss the relation of our result to the closed string field theory. Our construction suggests that there exists an effective field theory description for massless sector of closed string field theory on a torus in an associative truncation.

Liouvillian integrability of gravitating static isothermal fluid spheres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iacono, Roberto; Llibre, Jaume

2014-10-01

We examine the integrability properties of the Einstein field equations for static, spherically symmetric fluid spheres, complemented with an isothermal equation of state, ρ = np. In this case, Einstein's equations can be reduced to a nonlinear, autonomous second order ordinary differential equation (ODE) for m/R (m is the mass inside the radius R) that has been solved analytically only for n = -1 and n = -3, yielding the cosmological solutions by De Sitter and Einstein, respectively, and for n = -5, case for which the solution can be derived from the De Sitter's one using a symmetry of Einstein's equations. The solutions for these three cases are of Liouvillian type, since they can be expressed in terms of elementary functions. Here, we address the question of whether Liouvillian solutions can be obtained for other values of n. To do so, we transform the second order equation into an equivalent autonomous Lotka-Volterra quadratic polynomial differential system in {R}^2, and characterize the Liouvillian integrability of this system using Darboux theory. We find that the Lotka-Volterra system possesses Liouvillian first integrals for n = -1, -3, -5, which descend from the existence of invariant algebraic curves of degree one, and for n = -6, a new solvable case, associated to an invariant algebraic curve of higher degree (second). For any other value of n, eventual first integrals of the Lotka-Volterra system, and consequently of the second order ODE for the mass function must be non-Liouvillian. This makes the existence of other solutions of the isothermal fluid sphere problem with a Liouvillian metric quite unlikely.

Highly efficient transformation system for Malassezia furfur and Malassezia pachydermatis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation.

PubMed

Celis, A M; Vos, A M; Triana, S; Medina, C A; Escobar, N; Restrepo, S; Wösten, H A B; de Cock, H

2017-03-01

Malassezia spp. are part of the normal human and animal mycobiota but are also associated with a variety of dermatological diseases. The absence of a transformation system hampered studies to reveal mechanisms underlying the switch from the non-pathogenic to pathogenic life style. Here we describe, a highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for Malassezia furfur and M. pachydermatis. A binary T-DNA vector with the hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hpt) selection marker and the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) was introduced in M. furfur and M. pachydermatis by combining the transformation protocols of Agaricus bisporus and Cryptococcus neoformans. Optimal temperature and co-cultivation time for transformation were 5 and 7days at 19°C and 24°C, respectively. Transformation efficiency was 0.75-1.5% for M. furfur and 0.6-7.5% for M. pachydermatis. Integration of the hpt resistance cassette and gfp was verified using PCR and fluorescence microscopy, respectively. The T-DNA was mitotically stable in approximately 80% of the transformants after 10 times sub-culturing in the absence of hygromycin. Improving transformation protocols contribute to study the biology and pathophysiology of Malassezia. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Searches for millisecond pulsations in low-mass X-ray binaries, 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughan, B. A.; Van Der Klis, M.; Wood, K. S.; Norris, J. P.; Hertz, P.; Michelson, P. F.; Paradijs, J. Van; Lewin, W. H. G.; Mitsuda, K.; Penninx, W.

1994-01-01

Coherent millisecond X-ray pulsations are expected from low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs), but remain undetected. Using the single-parameter Quadratic Coherence Recovery Technique (QCRT) to correct for unknown binary orbit motion, we have performed Fourier transform searches for coherent oscillations in all long, continuous segments of data obtained at 1 ms time resolution during Ginga observations of LMXB. We have searched the six known Z sources (GX 5-1, Cyg X-2, Sco X-1, GX 17+2, GX 340+0, and GX 349+2), seven of the 14 known atoll sources (GX 3+1. GX 9+1, GX 9+9, 1728-33. 1820-30, 1636-53 and 1608-52), the 'peculiar' source Cir X-1, and the high-mass binary Cyg X-3. We find no evidence for coherent pulsations in any of these sources, with 99% confidence limits on the pulsed fraction between 0.3% and 5.0% at frequencies below the Nyquist frequency of 512 Hz. A key assumption made in determining upper limits in previous searches is shown to be incorrect. We provide a recipe for correctly setting upper limits and detection thresholds. Finally we discuss and apply two strategies to improve sensitivity by utilizing multiple, independent, continuous segments of data with comparable count rates.

Edge-SIFT: discriminative binary descriptor for scalable partial-duplicate mobile search.

PubMed

Zhang, Shiliang; Tian, Qi; Lu, Ke; Huang, Qingming; Gao, Wen

2013-07-01

As the basis of large-scale partial duplicate visual search on mobile devices, image local descriptor is expected to be discriminative, efficient, and compact. Our study shows that the popularly used histogram-based descriptors, such as scale invariant feature transform (SIFT) are not optimal for this task. This is mainly because histogram representation is relatively expensive to compute on mobile platforms and loses significant spatial clues, which are important for improving discriminative power and matching near-duplicate image patches. To address these issues, we propose to extract a novel binary local descriptor named Edge-SIFT from the binary edge maps of scale- and orientation-normalized image patches. By preserving both locations and orientations of edges and compressing the sparse binary edge maps with a boosting strategy, the final Edge-SIFT shows strong discriminative power with compact representation. Furthermore, we propose a fast similarity measurement and an indexing framework with flexible online verification. Hence, the Edge-SIFT allows an accurate and efficient image search and is ideal for computation sensitive scenarios such as a mobile image search. Experiments on a large-scale dataset manifest that the Edge-SIFT shows superior retrieval accuracy to Oriented BRIEF (ORB) and is superior to SIFT in the aspects of retrieval precision, efficiency, compactness, and transmission cost.

The potential of incorporation of binary salts and ionic liquid in P(VP-co-VAc) gel polymer electrolyte in electrochemical and photovoltaic performances

PubMed Central

Ming, Ng Hon; Ramesh, S.; Ramesh, K.

2016-01-01

In this study, dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) has been assembled with poly(1-vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (P(VP-co-VAc)) gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs) which have been incorporated with binary salt and an ionic liquid. The potential of this combination was studied and reported. The binary salt system GPEs was having ionic conductivity and power conversion efficiency (PCE) that could reach up to 1.90 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 5.53%, respectively. Interestingly, upon the addition of the ionic liquid, MPII into the binary salt system the ionic conductivity and PCE had risen steadily up to 4.09 × 10−3 S cm−1 and 5.94%, respectively. In order to know more about this phenomenon, the electrochemical impedance studies (EIS) of the GPE samples have been done and reported. Fourier transform infrared studies (FTIR) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) have also been studied to understand more on the structural and thermal properties of the GPEs. The Nyquist plot and Bodes plot studies have been done in order to understand the electrochemical properties of the GPE based DSSCs and Tafel polarization studies were done to determine the electrocatalytic activity of the GPE samples. PMID:27273020

Effect of annealing temperature on optical properties of binary zinc tin oxide nano-composite prepared by sol-gel route using simple precursors: structural and optical studies by DRS, FT-IR, XRD, FESEM investigations.

PubMed

Habibi, Mohammad Hossein; Mardani, Maryam

2015-02-25

Binary zinc tin oxide nano-composite was synthesized by a facile sol-gel method using simple precursors from the solutions consisting of zinc acetate, tin(IV) chloride and ethanol. Effect of annealing temperature on optical and structural properties was investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffuse reflectance spectra (DRS), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). XRD results revealed the existence of the ZnO and SnO2 phases. FESEM results showed that binary zinc tin oxide nano-composites ranges from 56 to 60 nm in diameter at 400°C and 500°C annealing temperatures respectively. The optical band gap was increased from 2.72 eV to 3.11 eV with the increasing of the annealing temperature. FTIR results confirmed the presence of zinc oxide and tin oxide and the broad absorption peaks at 3426 and 1602 cm(-1) can be ascribed to the vibration of absorptive water, and the absorption peaks at 546, 1038 and 1410 cm(-1) are due to the vibration of Zn-O or Sn-O groups in binary zinc tin oxide. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cross-talk free selective reconstruction of individual objects from multiplexed optical field data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zea, Alejandro Velez; Barrera, John Fredy; Torroba, Roberto

2018-01-01

In this paper we present a data multiplexing method for simultaneous storage in a single package composed by several optical fields of tridimensional (3D) objects, and their individual cross-talk free retrieval. Optical field data are extracted from off axis Fourier holograms, and then sampled by multiplying them with random binary masks. The resulting sampled optical fields can be used to reconstruct the original objects. Sampling causes a loss of quality that can be controlled by the number of white pixels in the binary masks and by applying a padding procedure on the optical field data. This process can be performed using a different binary mask for each optical field, and then added to form a multiplexed package. With the adequate choice of sampling and padding, we can achieve a volume reduction in the multiplexed package over the addition of all individual optical fields. Moreover, the package can be multiplied by a binary mask to select a specific optical field, and after the reconstruction procedure, the corresponding 3D object is recovered without any cross-talk. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposal for data compression with a comparison with discrete cosine transform filtering. Experimental results confirm the validity of our proposal.

Digital Holographic Logic

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Preston, K., Jr.

1972-01-01

The characteristics of the holographic logic computer are discussed. The holographic operation is reviewed from the Fourier transform viewpoint, and the formation of holograms for use in performing digital logic are described. The operation of the computer with an experiment in which the binary identity function is calculated is discussed along with devices for achieving real-time performance. An application in pattern recognition using neighborhood logic is presented.

Real-time line matching from stereo images using a nonparametric transform of spatial relations and texture information

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Jonghee; Yoon, Kuk-Jin

2015-02-01

We propose a real-time line matching method for stereo systems. To achieve real-time performance while retaining a high level of matching precision, we first propose a nonparametric transform to represent the spatial relations between neighboring lines and nearby textures as a binary stream. Since the length of a line can vary across images, the matching costs between lines are computed within an overlap area (OA) based on the binary stream. The OA is determined for each line pair by employing the properties of a rectified image pair. Finally, the line correspondence is determined using a winner-takes-all method with a left-right consistency check. To reduce the computational time requirements further, we filter out unreliable matching candidates in advance based on their rectification properties. The performance of the proposed method was compared with state-of-the-art methods in terms of the computational time, matching precision, and recall. The proposed method required 47 ms to match lines from an image pair in the KITTI dataset with an average precision of 95%. We also verified the proposed method under image blur, illumination variation, and viewpoint changes.

Buoyancy effects on the radiative magneto Micropolar nanofluid flow with double stratification, activation energy and binary chemical reaction.

PubMed

Ramzan, M; Ullah, Naeem; Chung, Jae Dong; Lu, Dianchen; Farooq, Umer

2017-10-10

A mathematical model has been developed to examine the magneto hydrodynamic micropolar nanofluid flow with buoyancy effects. Flow analysis is carried out in the presence of nonlinear thermal radiation and dual stratification. The impact of binary chemical reaction with Arrhenius activation energy is also considered. Apposite transformations are engaged to transform nonlinear partial differential equations to differential equations with high nonlinearity. Resulting nonlinear system of differential equations is solved by differential solver method in Maple software which uses Runge-Kutta fourth and fifth order technique (RK45). To authenticate the obtained results, a comparison with the preceding article is also made. The evaluations are executed graphically for numerous prominent parameters versus velocity, micro rotation component, temperature, and concentration distributions. Tabulated numerical calculations of Nusselt and Sherwood numbers with respective well-argued discussions are also presented. Our findings illustrate that the angular velocity component declines for opposing buoyancy forces and enhances for aiding buoyancy forces by changing the micropolar parameter. It is also found that concentration profile increases for higher values of chemical reaction parameter, whereas it diminishes for growing values of solutal stratification parameter.

A nonlinear isobologram model with Box-Cox transformation to both sides for chemical mixtures.

PubMed

Chen, D G; Pounds, J G

1998-12-01

The linear logistical isobologram is a commonly used and powerful graphical and statistical tool for analyzing the combined effects of simple chemical mixtures. In this paper a nonlinear isobologram model is proposed to analyze the joint action of chemical mixtures for quantitative dose-response relationships. This nonlinear isobologram model incorporates two additional new parameters, Ymin and Ymax, to facilitate analysis of response data that are not constrained between 0 and 1, where parameters Ymin and Ymax represent the minimal and the maximal observed toxic response. This nonlinear isobologram model for binary mixtures can be expressed as [formula: see text] In addition, a Box-Cox transformation to both sides is introduced to improve the goodness of fit and to provide a more robust model for achieving homogeneity and normality of the residuals. Finally, a confidence band is proposed for selected isobols, e.g., the median effective dose, to facilitate graphical and statistical analysis of the isobologram. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated using published data describing the toxicity of the binary mixtures of citrinin and ochratoxin as well as a new experimental data from our laboratory for mixtures of mercury and cadmium.

A nonlinear isobologram model with Box-Cox transformation to both sides for chemical mixtures.

PubMed Central

Chen, D G; Pounds, J G

1998-01-01

The linear logistical isobologram is a commonly used and powerful graphical and statistical tool for analyzing the combined effects of simple chemical mixtures. In this paper a nonlinear isobologram model is proposed to analyze the joint action of chemical mixtures for quantitative dose-response relationships. This nonlinear isobologram model incorporates two additional new parameters, Ymin and Ymax, to facilitate analysis of response data that are not constrained between 0 and 1, where parameters Ymin and Ymax represent the minimal and the maximal observed toxic response. This nonlinear isobologram model for binary mixtures can be expressed as [formula: see text] In addition, a Box-Cox transformation to both sides is introduced to improve the goodness of fit and to provide a more robust model for achieving homogeneity and normality of the residuals. Finally, a confidence band is proposed for selected isobols, e.g., the median effective dose, to facilitate graphical and statistical analysis of the isobologram. The versatility of this approach is demonstrated using published data describing the toxicity of the binary mixtures of citrinin and ochratoxin as well as a new experimental data from our laboratory for mixtures of mercury and cadmium. PMID:9860894

Spectroscopy detection of green and red fluorescent proteins in genetically modified plants using a fiber optics system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liew, Oi Wah; Asundi, Anand K.; Chen, Jun-Wei; Chew, Yiwen; Yu, Shangjuan; Yeo, Gare H.

2001-05-01

In this paper, fiber optic spectroscopy is developed to detect and quantify recombinant green (EGFP) and red (DsRED) fluorescent proteins in vitro and in vivo. The bacterial expression vectors carrying the coding regions of EGFP and DsRED were introduced into Escherichia coli host cells and fluorescent proteins were produced following induction with IPTG. Soluble EGFP and DsRED proteins were isolated from lysed bacterial cells and serially diluted for quantitative analysis by fiber optic spectroscopy. Fluorescence at the appropriate emission wavelengths could be detected up to 64X dilution for EGFP and 40X dilution for DsRED. To determine the capability of spectroscopy detection in vivo, transgenic potato hairy roots expressing EGFP and DsRED were regenerated. This was achieved by cloning the EGFP and DsRED genes into the plant binary vector, pTMV35S, to create the recombinant vectors pGLOWGreen and pGLOWRed. These latter binary vectors were introduced into Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain A4T. Infection of potato cells with transformed agrobacteria was used to insert the fluorescent protein genes into the potato genome. Genetically modified potato cells were then regenerated into hairy roots. A panel of transformed hairy roots expressing varying levels of fluorescent proteins was selected by fluorescence microscopy. We are now assessing the capability of spectroscopic detection system for in vivo quantification of green and red fluorescence levels in transformed roots.

SIMULTANEOUS PRODUCTION OF TWO CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDES BY PNEUMOCOCCUS

PubMed Central

Austrian, Robert; Bernheimer, Harriet P.; Smith, Evelyn E. B.; Mills, George T.

1959-01-01

Study of the capsular genome of pneumococcus has shown that it controls a multiplicity of biochemical reactions essential to the synthesis of capsular polysaccharide. Mutation affecting any one of several biochemical reactions concerned with capsular synthesis may result in loss of capsulation without alteration of other biochemical functions similarly concerned. Mutations affecting the synthesis of uronic acids are an important cause of loss of capsulation and of virulence by strains of pneumococcus Type I and Type III. The capsular genome appears to have a specific location in the total genome of the cell, this locus being occupied by the capsular genome of whatever capsular type is expressed by the cell. Transformation of capsulated or of non-capsulated pneumococci to heterologous capsular type results probably from a genetic exchange followed by the development of a new biosynthetic pathway in the transformed cell. The new capsular genome is transferred to the transformed cell as a single particle of DNA. Binary capsulation results from the simultaneous presence within the pneumococcal cell of two capsular genomes, one mutated, the other normal. Interaction between the biochemical pathways controlled by the two capsular genomes leads to augmentation of the phenotypic expression of the product controlled by one and to partial suppression of the product determined by the other. Knowledge of the biochemical basis of binary capsulation can be used to indicate the presence of uronic acid in the capsular polysaccharide of a pneurnococcal type the composition of the capsule of which is unknown. PMID:13795197

High-efficiency induction of soybean hairy roots and propagation of the soybean cyst nematode.

PubMed

Cho, H J; Farrand, S K; Noel, G R; Widholm, J M

2000-01-01

Cotyledon explants of 10 soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars were inoculated with Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain K599 with and without binary vectors pBI121 or pBINm-gfp5-ER possessing both neomycin phosphotransferase II (nptII) and beta-glucuronidase (gus) or nptII and green fluorescent protein (gfp) genes, respectively. Hairy roots were produced from the wounded surface of 54-95% of the cotyledon explants on MXB selective medium containing 200 microg ml(-1) kanamycin and 500 microg ml(-1) carbenicillin. Putative individual transformed hairy roots were identified by cucumopine analysis and were screened for transgene incorporation using polymerase chain reaction. All of the roots tested were found to be co-transformed with T-DNA from the Ri-plasmid and the transgene from the binary vectors. Southern blot analysis confirmed the presence of the 35S-gfp5 gene in the plant genomes. Transgene expression was also confirmed by histochemical GUS assay and Western blot analysis for the GFP. Attempts to induce shoot formation from the hairy roots failed. Infection of hairy roots of the soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines Ichinohe)-susceptible cultivar, Williams 82, with eggs of H. glycines race 1, resulted in the development of mature cysts about 4-5 weeks after inoculation. Thus the soybean cyst nematode could complete its entire life cycle in transformed soybean hairy-root cultures expressing GFP. This system should be ideal for testing genes that might impart resistance to soybean cyst nematode.

Efficient transformation and expression of gfp gene in Valsa mali var. mali.

PubMed

Chen, Liang; Sun, Gengwu; Wu, Shujing; Liu, Huixiang; Wang, Hongkai

2015-01-01

Valsa mali var. mali, the causal agent of valsa canker of apple, causes great loss of apple production in apple producing regions. The pathogenic mechanism of the pathogen has not been studied extensively, thus a suitable gene marker for pathogenic invasion analysis and a random insertion of T-DNA for mutants are desirable. In this paper, we reported the construction of a binary vector pKO1-HPH containing a positive selective gene hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph), a reporter gene gfp conferring green fluorescent protein, and an efficient protocol for V. mali var. mali transformation mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens. A transformation efficiency up to about 75 transformants per 10(5) conidia was achieved when co-cultivation of V. mali var. mali and A. tumefaciens for 48 h in A. tumefaciens inductive medium agar plates. The insertions of hph gene and gfp gene into V. mali var. mali genome verified by polymerase chain reaction and southern blot analysis showed that 10 randomly-selected transformants exhibited a single, unique hybridization pattern. This is the first report of A. tumefaciens-mediated transformation of V. mali var mali carrying a 'reporter' gfp gene that stably and efficiently expressed in the transformed V. mali var. mali species.

Observation of CO 2 in Fourier transform infrared spectral measurements of living Acholeplasma laidlawii cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Omura, Yoko; Okazaki, Norio

2003-06-01

In monitoring the time course of conformational disorder by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy for intact Acholeplasma laidlawii cells grown at 37 °C on binary fatty acid mixtures containing oleic acid and for cells grown on pure palmitic acid, an absorption band at 2343 cm-1 was observed. The band intensity was found to increase with time. This band was not observed in the spectra for isolated membranes. It is suggested that the 2343 cm-1 band is due to CO2 dissolved in water, most likely produced at the final point of fermentation of amino acid by this microorganism.

Disorder trapping by rapidly moving phase interface in an undercooled liquid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Galenko, Peter; Danilov, Denis; Nizovtseva, Irina; Reuther, Klemens; Rettenmayr, Markus

2017-08-01

Non-equilibrium phenomena such as the disappearance of solute drag, the origin of solute trapping and evolution of disorder trapping occur during fast transformations with originating metastable phases [D.M. Herlach, P.K. Galenko, D. Holland-Moritz, Metastable solids from undrercooled melts (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2007)]. In the present work, a theoretical investigation of disorder trapping by a rapidly moving phase interface is presented. Using a model of fast phase transformations, a system of governing equations for the diffusion of atoms, and the evolution of both long-range order parameter and phase field variable is formulated. First numerical solutions are carried out for a congruently melting binary alloy system.

Mechanically controlling the reversible phase transformation from zinc blende to wurtzite in AlN

DOE PAGES

Li, Zhen; Yadav, Satyesh; Chen, Youxing; ...

2017-04-10

III–V and other binary octet semiconductors often take two phase forms—wurtzite (wz) and zinc blende (zb) crystal structures—with distinct functional performance at room temperature. Here, we investigate how to control the synthesized phase structure to either wz or zb phase by tuning the interfacial strain by taking AlN as a representative III–V compound. Furthermore, by applying in situ mechanical tests at atomic scale in a transmission electron microscope, we observed the reversible phase transformation from zb to wz, and characterized the transition path—the collective glide of Shockley partials on every two {111} planes of the zb AlN.

An efficient in planta transformation of Jatropha curcas (L.) and multiplication of transformed plants through in vivo grafting.

PubMed

Jaganath, Balusamy; Subramanyam, Kondeti; Mayavan, Subramanian; Karthik, Sivabalan; Elayaraja, Dhandapani; Udayakumar, Rajangam; Manickavasagam, Markandan; Ganapathi, Andy

2014-05-01

An efficient and reproducible Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation was developed in Jatropha curcas. The various factors affecting J. curcas in planta transformation were optimized, including decapitation, Agrobacterium strain, pin-pricking, vacuum infiltration duration and vacuum pressure. Simple vegetative in vivo cleft grafting method was adopted in the multiplication of transformants without the aid of tissue culture. Among the various parameters evaluated, decapitated plants on pin-pricking and vacuum infiltrated at 250 mmHg for 3 min with the Agrobacterium strain EHA 105 harbouring the binary vector pGA 492 was proved to be efficient in all terms with a transformation efficiency of 62.66%. Transgene integration was evinced by the GUS histochemical analysis, and the GUS positive plants were subjected to grafting. Putatively transformed J. curcas served as "Scion" and the wild type J. curcas plant severed as "Stock". There was no occurrence of graft rejection and the plants were then confirmed by GUS histochemical analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and Southern hybridization. Genetic stability of the grafted plants was evaluated by using randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), marker which showed 100% genetic stability between mother and grafted plants. Thus, an efficient in planta transformation and grafting based multiplication of J. curcas was established.

Establishing Malware Attribution and Binary Provenance Using Multicompilation Techniques

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ramshaw, M. J.

2017-07-28

Malware is a serious problem for computer systems and costs businesses and customers billions of dollars a year in addition to compromising their private information. Detecting malware is particularly difficult because malware source code can be compiled in many different ways and generate many different digital signatures, which causes problems for most anti-malware programs that rely on static signature detection. Our project uses a convolutional neural network to identify malware programs but these require large amounts of data to be effective. Towards that end, we gather thousands of source code files from publicly available programming contest sites and compile themmore » with several different compilers and flags. Building upon current research, we then transform these binary files into image representations and use them to train a long-term recurrent convolutional neural network that will eventually be used to identify how a malware binary was compiled. This information will include the compiler, version of the compiler and the options used in compilation, information which can be critical in determining where a malware program came from and even who authored it.« less

First-principles study of intermetallic phase stability in the ternary Ti-Al-Nb alloy system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Asta, M.; Ormeci, A.; Wills, J.M.

The stability of bcc-based phases in the Ti-Al-Nb alloy system has been studied from first-principles using a combination of ab-initio total energy and cluster variation method (CVM) calculations. Total energies have been computed for 18 binary and ternary bcc superstructures in order to determine low temperature ordering tendencies. From the results of these calculations a set of effective cluster interaction parameters have been derived. These interaction parameters are required input for CVM computations of alloy thermodynamic properties. The CVM has been used to study the effect of composition on finite-temperature ordering tendencies and site preferences for bcc-based phases. Strong orderingmore » tendencies are observed for binary Nb-Al and Ti-Al bcc phases as well as for ternary alloys with compositions near Ti{sub 2}AlNb. For selected superstructures we have also analyzed structural stabilities with respect to tetragonal distortions which transform the bcc into an fcc lattice. Instabilities with respect to such distortions are found to exist for binary but not ternary bcc compounds.« less

Parasitic resistive switching uncovered from complementary resistive switching in single active-layer oxide memory device

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Lisha; Hu, Wei; Gao, Chao; Guo, Yongcai

2017-12-01

This paper reports the reversible transition processes between the bipolar and complementary resistive switching (CRS) characteristics on the binary metal-oxide resistive memory devices of Pt/HfO x /TiN and Pt/TaO x /TiN by applying the appropriate bias voltages. More interestingly, by controlling the amplitude of the negative bias, the parasitic resistive switching effect exhibiting repeatable switching behavior is uncovered from the CRS behavior. The electrical observation of the parasitic resistive switching effect can be explained by the controlled size of the conductive filament. This work confirms the transformation and interrelationship among the bipolar, parasitic, and CRS effects, and thus provides new insight into the understanding of the physical mechanism of the binary metal-oxide resistive switching memory devices.

Quantum Assisted Learning for Registration of MODIS Images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pelissier, C.; Le Moigne, J.; Fekete, G.; Halem, M.

2017-12-01

The advent of the first large scale quantum annealer by D-Wave has led to an increased interest in quantum computing. However, the quantum annealing computer of the D-Wave is limited to either solving Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Optimization problems (QUBOs) or using the ground state sampling of an Ising system that can be produced by the D-Wave. These restrictions make it challenging to find algorithms to accelerate the computation of typical Earth Science applications. A major difficulty is that most applications have continuous real-valued parameters rather than binary. Here we present an exploratory study using the ground state sampling to train artificial neural networks (ANNs) to carry out image registration of MODIS images. The key idea to using the D-Wave to train networks is that the quantum chip behaves thermally like Boltzmann machines (BMs), and BMs are known to be successful at recognizing patterns in images. The ground state sampling of the D-Wave also depends on the dynamics of the adiabatic evolution and is subject to other non-thermal fluctuations, but the statistics are thought to be similar and ANNs tend to be robust under fluctuations. In light of this, the D-Wave ground state sampling is used to define a Boltzmann like generative model and is investigated to register MODIS images. Image intensities of MODIS images are transformed using a Discrete Cosine Transform and used to train a several layers network to learn how to align images to a reference image. The network layers consist of an initial sigmoid layer acting as a binary filter of the input followed by a strict binarization using Bernoulli sampling, and then fed into a Boltzmann machine. The output is then classified using a soft-max layer. Results are presented and discussed.

Multiple ECG Fiducial Points-Based Random Binary Sequence Generation for Securing Wireless Body Area Networks.

PubMed

Zheng, Guanglou; Fang, Gengfa; Shankaran, Rajan; Orgun, Mehmet A; Zhou, Jie; Qiao, Li; Saleem, Kashif

2017-05-01

Generating random binary sequences (BSes) is a fundamental requirement in cryptography. A BS is a sequence of N bits, and each bit has a value of 0 or 1. For securing sensors within wireless body area networks (WBANs), electrocardiogram (ECG)-based BS generation methods have been widely investigated in which interpulse intervals (IPIs) from each heartbeat cycle are processed to produce BSes. Using these IPI-based methods to generate a 128-bit BS in real time normally takes around half a minute. In order to improve the time efficiency of such methods, this paper presents an ECG multiple fiducial-points based binary sequence generation (MFBSG) algorithm. The technique of discrete wavelet transforms is employed to detect arrival time of these fiducial points, such as P, Q, R, S, and T peaks. Time intervals between them, including RR, RQ, RS, RP, and RT intervals, are then calculated based on this arrival time, and are used as ECG features to generate random BSes with low latency. According to our analysis on real ECG data, these ECG feature values exhibit the property of randomness and, thus, can be utilized to generate random BSes. Compared with the schemes that solely rely on IPIs to generate BSes, this MFBSG algorithm uses five feature values from one heart beat cycle, and can be up to five times faster than the solely IPI-based methods. So, it achieves a design goal of low latency. According to our analysis, the complexity of the algorithm is comparable to that of fast Fourier transforms. These randomly generated ECG BSes can be used as security keys for encryption or authentication in a WBAN system.

Brown Dwarf Binaries from Disintegrating Triple Systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reipurth, Bo; Mikkola, Seppo

2015-04-01

Binaries in which both components are brown dwarfs (BDs) are being discovered at an increasing rate, and their properties may hold clues to their origin. We have carried out 200,000 N-body simulations of three identical stellar embryos with masses drawn from a Chabrier IMF and embedded in a molecular core. The bodies are initially non-hierarchical and undergo chaotic motions within the cloud core, while accreting using Bondi-Hoyle accretion. The coupling of dynamics and accretion often leads to one or two dominant bodies controlling the center of the cloud core, while banishing the other(s) to the lower-density outskirts, leading to stunted growth. Eventually each system transforms either to a bound hierarchical configuration or breaks apart into separate single and binary components. The orbital motion is followed for 100 Myr. In order to illustrate 200,000 end-states of such dynamical evolution with accretion, we introduce the “triple diagnostic diagram,” which plots two dimensionless numbers against each other, representing the binary mass ratio and the mass ratio of the third body to the total system mass. Numerous freefloating BD binaries are formed in these simulations, and statistical properties are derived. The separation distribution function is in good correspondence with observations, showing a steep rise at close separations, peaking around 13 AU and declining more gently, reaching zero at separations greater than 200 AU. Unresolved BD triple systems may appear as wider BD binaries. Mass ratios are strongly peaked toward unity, as observed, but this is partially due to the initial assumptions. Eccentricities gradually increase toward higher values, due to the lack of viscous interactions in the simulations, which would both shrink the orbits and decrease their eccentricities. Most newborn triple systems are unstable and while there are 9209 ejected BD binaries at 1 Myr, corresponding to about 4% of the 200,000 simulations, this number has grown to 15,894 at 100 Myr (˜8%). The total binary fraction among freefloating BDs is 0.43, higher than indicated by current observations, which, however, are still incomplete. Also, the gradual breakup of higher-order multiples leads to many more singles, thus lowering the binary fraction. The main threat to newly born triple systems is internal instabilities, not external perturbations. At 1 Myr there are 1325 BD binaries still bound to a star, corresponding to 0.66% of the simulations, but only 253 (0.13%) are stable on timescales >100 Myr. These simulations indicate that dynamical interactions in newborn triple systems of stellar embryos embedded in and accreting from a cloud core naturally form a population of freefloating BD binaries, and this mechanism may constitute a significant pathway for the formation of BD binaries.

Extraction of linear features on SAR imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Junyi; Li, Deren; Mei, Xin

2006-10-01

Linear features are usually extracted from SAR imagery by a few edge detectors derived from the contrast ratio edge detector with a constant probability of false alarm. On the other hand, the Hough Transform is an elegant way of extracting global features like curve segments from binary edge images. Randomized Hough Transform can reduce the computation time and memory usage of the HT drastically. While Randomized Hough Transform will bring about a great deal of cells invalid during the randomized sample. In this paper, we propose a new approach to extract linear features on SAR imagery, which is an almost automatic algorithm based on edge detection and Randomized Hough Transform. The presented improved method makes full use of the directional information of each edge candidate points so as to solve invalid cumulate problems. Applied result is in good agreement with the theoretical study, and the main linear features on SAR imagery have been extracted automatically. The method saves storage space and computational time, which shows its effectiveness and applicability.

Diffuse-interface model for rapid phase transformations in nonequilibrium systems.

PubMed

Galenko, Peter; Jou, David

2005-04-01

A thermodynamic approach to rapid phase transformations within a diffuse interface in a binary system is developed. Assuming an extended set of independent thermodynamic variables formed by the union of the classic set of slow variables and the space of fast variables, we introduce finiteness of the heat and solute diffusive propagation at the finite speed of the interface advancing. To describe transformations within the diffuse interface, we use the phase-field model which allows us to follow steep but smooth changes of phase within the width of the diffuse interface. Governing equations of the phase-field model are derived for the hyperbolic model, a model with memory, and a model of nonlinear evolution of transformation within the diffuse interface. The consistency of the model is proved by the verification of the validity of the condition of positive entropy production and by outcomes of the fluctuation-dissipation theorem. A comparison with existing sharp-interface and diffuse-interface versions of the model is given.

Parallel consensual neural networks.

PubMed

Benediktsson, J A; Sveinsson, J R; Ersoy, O K; Swain, P H

1997-01-01

A new type of a neural-network architecture, the parallel consensual neural network (PCNN), is introduced and applied in classification/data fusion of multisource remote sensing and geographic data. The PCNN architecture is based on statistical consensus theory and involves using stage neural networks with transformed input data. The input data are transformed several times and the different transformed data are used as if they were independent inputs. The independent inputs are first classified using the stage neural networks. The output responses from the stage networks are then weighted and combined to make a consensual decision. In this paper, optimization methods are used in order to weight the outputs from the stage networks. Two approaches are proposed to compute the data transforms for the PCNN, one for binary data and another for analog data. The analog approach uses wavelet packets. The experimental results obtained with the proposed approach show that the PCNN outperforms both a conjugate-gradient backpropagation neural network and conventional statistical methods in terms of overall classification accuracy of test data.

Biolistic transformation of Scoparia dulcis L.

PubMed

Srinivas, Kota; Muralikrishna, Narra; Kumar, Kalva Bharath; Raghu, Ellendula; Mahender, Aileni; Kiranmayee, Kasula; Yashodahara, Velivela; Sadanandam, Abbagani

2016-01-01

Here, we report for the first time, the optimized conditions for microprojectile bombardment-mediated genetic transformation in Vassourinha (Scoparia dulcis L.), a Plantaginaceae medicinal plant species. Transformation was achieved by bombardment of axenic leaf segments with Binary vector pBI121 harbouring β-glucuronidase gene (GUS) as a reporter and neomycin phosphotransferase II gene (npt II) as a selectable marker. The influence of physical parameters viz., acceleration pressure, flight distance, gap width & macroprojectile travel distance of particle gun on frequency of transient GUS and stable (survival of putative transformants) expressions have been investigated. Biolistic delivery of the pBI121 yielded the best (80.0 %) transient expression of GUS gene bombarded at a flight distance of 6 cm and rupture disc pressure/acceleration pressure of 650 psi. Highest stable expression of 52.0 % was noticed in putative transformants on RMBI-K medium. Integration of GUS and npt II genes in the nuclear genome was confirmed through primer specific PCR. DNA blot analysis showed more than one transgene copy in the transformed plantlet genomes. The present study may be used for metabolic engineering and production of biopharmaceuticals by transplastomic technology in this valuable medicinal plant.

Floral-Dip Transformation of Flax (Linum usitatissimum) to Generate Transgenic Progenies with a High Transformation Rate

PubMed Central

Bastaki, Nasmah K.; Cullis, Christopher A.

2014-01-01

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation via floral-dip is a widely used technique in the field of plant transformation and has been reported to be successful for many plant species. However, flax (Linum usitatissimum) transformation by floral-dip has not been reported. The goal of this protocol is to establish that Agrobacterium and the floral-dip method can be used to generate transgenic flax. We show that this technique is simple, inexpensive, efficient, and more importantly, gives a higher transformation rate than the current available methods of flax transformation. In summary, inflorescences of flax were dipped in a solution of Agrobacterium carrying a binary vector plasmid (T-DNA fragment plus the Linum Insertion Sequence, LIS-1) for 1 - 2 min. The plants were laid flat on their side for 24 hr. Then, plants were maintained under normal growth conditions until the next treatment. The process of dipping was repeated 2 - 3 times, with approximately 10 - 14 day intervals between dipping. The T1 seeds were collected and germinated on soil. After approximately two weeks, treated progenies were tested by direct PCR; 2 - 3 leaves were used per plant plus the appropriate T-DNA primers. Positive transformants were selected and grown to maturity. The transformation rate was unexpectedly high, with 50 - 60% of the seeds from treated plants being positive transformants. This is a higher transformation rate than those reported for Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, using floral-dip transformation. It is also the highest, which has been reported so far, for flax transformation using other methods for transformation. PMID:25549243

Floral-dip transformation of flax (Linum usitatissimum) to generate transgenic progenies with a high transformation rate.

PubMed

Bastaki, Nasmah K; Cullis, Christopher A

2014-12-19

Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation via floral-dip is a widely used technique in the field of plant transformation and has been reported to be successful for many plant species. However, flax (Linum usitatissimum) transformation by floral-dip has not been reported. The goal of this protocol is to establish that Agrobacterium and the floral-dip method can be used to generate transgenic flax. We show that this technique is simple, inexpensive, efficient, and more importantly, gives a higher transformation rate than the current available methods of flax transformation. In summary, inflorescences of flax were dipped in a solution of Agrobacterium carrying a binary vector plasmid (T-DNA fragment plus the Linum Insertion Sequence, LIS-1) for 1 - 2 min. The plants were laid flat on their side for 24 hr. Then, plants were maintained under normal growth conditions until the next treatment. The process of dipping was repeated 2 - 3 times, with approximately 10 - 14 day intervals between dipping. The T1 seeds were collected and germinated on soil. After approximately two weeks, treated progenies were tested by direct PCR; 2 - 3 leaves were used per plant plus the appropriate T-DNA primers. Positive transformants were selected and grown to maturity. The transformation rate was unexpectedly high, with 50 - 60% of the seeds from treated plants being positive transformants. This is a higher transformation rate than those reported for Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, using floral-dip transformation. It is also the highest, which has been reported so far, for flax transformation using other methods for transformation.

Transformation of Morinda citrifolia via simple mature seed imbibition method.

PubMed

Lee, J J; Ahmad, S; Roslan, H A

2013-12-15

Morinda citrifolia, is a valuable medicinal plant with a wide range of therapeutic properties and extensive transformation study on this plant has yet been known. Present study was conducted to establish a simple and reliable transformation protocol for M. citrifolia utilising Agrobacterium tumefaciens via direct seed exposure. In this study, the seeds were processed by tips clipping and dried and subsequently incubated in inoculation medium. Four different parameters during the incubation such as incubation period, bacterial density, temperature and binary vectors harbouring beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene (pBI121 and pGSA1131), were tested to examine its effect on transformation efficiency. The leaves from the treated and germinated seedlings were analysed via Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), histochemical assay of the GUS gene and reverse transcription-PCR (RT-PCR). Results of the study showed that Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 with optical density of 1.0 and 2 h incubation period were optimum for M. citrifolia transformation. It was found that various co-cultivation temperatures tested and type of vector used did not affect the transformation efficiency. The highest transformation efficiency for M. citrifolia direct seed transformation harbouring pBI121 and pGSA1131 was determined to be 96.8% with 2 h co-cultivation treatment and 80.4% when using bacterial density of 1.0, respectively. The transformation method can be applied for future characterization study of M. citrifolia.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation for investigating pathogenicity genes of the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sansevieriae.

PubMed

Nakamura, Masayuki; Kuwahara, Hideto; Onoyama, Keisuke; Iwai, Hisashi

2012-08-01

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (AtMT) has become a common technique for DNA transformation of yeast and filamentous fungi. In this study, we first established a protocol of AtMT for the phytopathogenic fungus Colletotrichum sansevieriae. Binary T-DNA vector containing the hygromycin B phosphotransferase gene controlled by the Aspergillus nidulans gpdA promoter and the trpC terminator was constructed with pCAMBIA0380 and used with three different strains LBA4404, GV3101, and GV2260 of A. tumefaciens. Transformants were most effectively obtained when GV2260 and C. sansevieriae Sa-1-2 were co-cultivated; there were about 320 transformants per 10(6) spores. When 1,048 transformants were inoculated on Sansevieria trifasciata, three transformants were found to have completely lost their pathogenicity and two transformants displayed reduced pathogenicity. All of the five transformants had a single copy of T-DNA in their genomes. The three pathogenicity-deficient transformants were subjected to thermal asymmetric interlaced polymerase chain reaction and the reaction allowed us to amplify the sequences flanking the left and/or right borders. The flanking sequences of the two transformants, M154 and M875, showed no homology to any sequences in databases, but the sequences of M678 contained motifs of alpha-1,3-glucan synthase, suggesting that the gene might contribute to the pathogenicity of C. sansevieriae. This study describes a useful method for investigating pathogenicity genes in C. sansevieriae.

A Fast Framework for Abrupt Change Detection Based on Binary Search Trees and Kolmogorov Statistic

PubMed Central

Qi, Jin-Peng; Qi, Jie; Zhang, Qing

2016-01-01

Change-Point (CP) detection has attracted considerable attention in the fields of data mining and statistics; it is very meaningful to discuss how to quickly and efficiently detect abrupt change from large-scale bioelectric signals. Currently, most of the existing methods, like Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic and so forth, are time-consuming, especially for large-scale datasets. In this paper, we propose a fast framework for abrupt change detection based on binary search trees (BSTs) and a modified KS statistic, named BSTKS (binary search trees and Kolmogorov statistic). In this method, first, two binary search trees, termed as BSTcA and BSTcD, are constructed by multilevel Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT); second, three search criteria are introduced in terms of the statistic and variance fluctuations in the diagnosed time series; last, an optimal search path is detected from the root to leaf nodes of two BSTs. The studies on both the synthetic time series samples and the real electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings indicate that the proposed BSTKS can detect abrupt change more quickly and efficiently than KS, t-statistic (t), and Singular-Spectrum Analyses (SSA) methods, with the shortest computation time, the highest hit rate, the smallest error, and the highest accuracy out of four methods. This study suggests that the proposed BSTKS is very helpful for useful information inspection on all kinds of bioelectric time series signals. PMID:27413364

Detecting phase separation of freeze-dried binary amorphous systems using pair-wise distribution function and multivariate data analysis.

PubMed

Chieng, Norman; Trnka, Hjalte; Boetker, Johan; Pikal, Michael; Rantanen, Jukka; Grohganz, Holger

2013-09-15

The purpose of this study is to investigate the use of multivariate data analysis for powder X-ray diffraction-pair-wise distribution function (PXRD-PDF) data to detect phase separation in freeze-dried binary amorphous systems. Polymer-polymer and polymer-sugar binary systems at various ratios were freeze-dried. All samples were analyzed by PXRD, transformed to PDF and analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA). These results were validated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) through characterization of glass transition of the maximally freeze-concentrate solute (Tg'). Analysis of PXRD-PDF data using PCA provides a more clear 'miscible' or 'phase separated' interpretation through the distribution pattern of samples on a score plot presentation compared to residual plot method. In a phase separated system, samples were found to be evenly distributed around the theoretical PDF profile. For systems that were miscible, a clear deviation of samples away from the theoretical PDF profile was observed. Moreover, PCA analysis allows simultaneous analysis of replicate samples. Comparatively, the phase behavior analysis from PXRD-PDF-PCA method was in agreement with the DSC results. Overall, the combined PXRD-PDF-PCA approach improves the clarity of the PXRD-PDF results and can be used as an alternative explorative data analytical tool in detecting phase separation in freeze-dried binary amorphous systems. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A Fast Framework for Abrupt Change Detection Based on Binary Search Trees and Kolmogorov Statistic.

PubMed

Qi, Jin-Peng; Qi, Jie; Zhang, Qing

2016-01-01

Change-Point (CP) detection has attracted considerable attention in the fields of data mining and statistics; it is very meaningful to discuss how to quickly and efficiently detect abrupt change from large-scale bioelectric signals. Currently, most of the existing methods, like Kolmogorov-Smirnov (KS) statistic and so forth, are time-consuming, especially for large-scale datasets. In this paper, we propose a fast framework for abrupt change detection based on binary search trees (BSTs) and a modified KS statistic, named BSTKS (binary search trees and Kolmogorov statistic). In this method, first, two binary search trees, termed as BSTcA and BSTcD, are constructed by multilevel Haar Wavelet Transform (HWT); second, three search criteria are introduced in terms of the statistic and variance fluctuations in the diagnosed time series; last, an optimal search path is detected from the root to leaf nodes of two BSTs. The studies on both the synthetic time series samples and the real electroencephalograph (EEG) recordings indicate that the proposed BSTKS can detect abrupt change more quickly and efficiently than KS, t-statistic (t), and Singular-Spectrum Analyses (SSA) methods, with the shortest computation time, the highest hit rate, the smallest error, and the highest accuracy out of four methods. This study suggests that the proposed BSTKS is very helpful for useful information inspection on all kinds of bioelectric time series signals.

A path planning method for robot end effector motion using the curvature theory of the ruled surfaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Güler, Fatma; Kasap, Emin

Using the curvature theory for the ruled surfaces a technique for robot trajectory planning is presented. This technique ensures the calculation of robot’s next path. The positional variation of the Tool Center Point (TCP), linear velocity, angular velocity are required in the work area of the robot. In some circumstances, it may not be physically achievable and a re-computation of the robot trajectory might be necessary. This technique is suitable for re-computation of the robot trajectory. We obtain different robot trajectories which change depending on the darboux angle function and define trajectory ruled surface family with a common trajectory curve with the rotation trihedron. Also, the motion of robot end effector is illustrated with examples.

An Obstruction to the Integrability of a Class of Non-linear Wave Equations by 1-Stable Cartan Characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fackerell, E. D.; Hartley, D.; Tucker, R. W.

We examine in detail the Cauchy problem for a class of non-linear hyperbolic equations in two independent variables. This class is motivated by the analysis of the dynamics of a line of non-linearly coupled particles by Fermi, Pasta, and Ulam and extends the recent investigation of this problem by Gardner and Kamran. We find conditions for the existence of a 1-stable Cartan characteristic of a Pfaffian exterior differential system whose integral curves provide a solution to the Cauchy problem. The same obstruction to involution is exposed in Darboux's method of integration and the two approaches are compared. A class of particular solutions to the obstruction is constructed.

Gaussian quadrature for multiple orthogonal polynomials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coussement, Jonathan; van Assche, Walter

2005-06-01

We study multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II, which have orthogonality conditions with respect to r measures. These polynomials are connected by their recurrence relation of order r+1. First we show a relation with the eigenvalue problem of a banded lower Hessenberg matrix Ln, containing the recurrence coefficients. As a consequence, we easily find that the multiple orthogonal polynomials of type I and type II satisfy a generalized Christoffel-Darboux identity. Furthermore, we explain the notion of multiple Gaussian quadrature (for proper multi-indices), which is an extension of the theory of Gaussian quadrature for orthogonal polynomials and was introduced by Borges. In particular, we show that the quadrature points and quadrature weights can be expressed in terms of the eigenvalue problem of Ln.

BAC-recombineering for studying plant gene regulation: developmental control and cellular localization of SnRK1 kinase subunits.

PubMed

Bitrián, Marta; Roodbarkelari, Farshad; Horváth, Mihály; Koncz, Csaba

2011-03-01

Recombineering, permitting precise modification of genes within bacterial artificial chromosomes (BACs) through homologous recombination mediated by lambda phage-encoded Red proteins, is a widely used powerful tool in mouse, Caenorhabditis and Drosophila genetics. As Agrobacterium-mediated transfer of large DNA inserts from binary BACs and TACs into plants occurs at low frequency, recombineering is so far seldom exploited in the analysis of plant gene functions. We have constructed binary plant transformation vectors, which are suitable for gap-repair cloning of genes from BACs using recombineering methods previously developed for other organisms. Here we show that recombineering facilitates PCR-based generation of precise translational fusions between coding sequences of fluorescent reporter and plant proteins using galK-based exchange recombination. The modified target genes alone or as part of a larger gene cluster can be transferred by high-frequency gap-repair into plant transformation vectors, stably maintained in Agrobacterium and transformed without alteration into plants. Versatile application of plant BAC-recombineering is illustrated by the analysis of developmental regulation and cellular localization of interacting AKIN10 catalytic and SNF4 activating subunits of Arabidopsis Snf1-related (SnRK1) protein kinase using in vivo imaging. To validate full functionality and in vivo interaction of tagged SnRK1 subunits, it is demonstrated that immunoprecipitated SNF4-YFP is bound to a kinase that phosphorylates SnRK1 candidate substrates, and that the GFP- and YFP-tagged kinase subunits co-immunoprecipitate with endogenous wild type AKIN10 and SNF4. © 2011 The Authors. The Plant Journal © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Optical information-processing systems and architectures II; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 9-13, 1990

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Javidi, Bahram

The present conference discusses topics in the fields of neural networks, acoustooptic signal processing, pattern recognition, phase-only processing, nonlinear signal processing, image processing, optical computing, and optical information processing. Attention is given to the optical implementation of an inner-product neural associative memory, optoelectronic associative recall via motionless-head/parallel-readout optical disk, a compact real-time acoustooptic image correlator, a multidimensional synthetic estimation filter, and a light-efficient joint transform optical correlator. Also discussed are a high-resolution spatial light modulator, compact real-time interferometric Fourier-transform processors, a fast decorrelation algorithm for permutation arrays, the optical interconnection of optical modules, and carry-free optical binary adders.

Optical computing using optical flip-flops in Fourier processors: use in matrix multiplication and discrete linear transforms.

PubMed

Ando, S; Sekine, S; Mita, M; Katsuo, S

1989-12-15

An architecture and the algorithms for matrix multiplication using optical flip-flops (OFFs) in optical processors are proposed based on residue arithmetic. The proposed system is capable of processing all elements of matrices in parallel utilizing the information retrieving ability of optical Fourier processors. The employment of OFFs enables bidirectional data flow leading to a simpler architecture and the burden of residue-to-decimal (or residue-to-binary) conversion to operation time can be largely reduced by processing all elements in parallel. The calculated characteristics of operation time suggest a promising use of the system in a real time 2-D linear transform.

Dynamic biometric identification from multiple views using the GLBP-TOP method.

PubMed

Wang, Yu; Shen, Xuanjing; Chen, Haipeng; Zhai, Yujie

2014-01-01

To realize effective and rapid dynamic biometric identification with low computational complexity, a video-based facial texture program that extracts local binary patterns from three orthogonal planes in the frequency domain of the Gabor transform (GLBP-TOP) was proposed. Firstly, each normalized face was transformed by Gabor wavelet to get the enhanced Gabor magnitude map, and then the LBP-TOP operator was applied to the maps to extract video texture. Finally, weighted Chi square statistics based on the Fisher Criterion were used to realize the identification. The proposed algorithm was proved effective through the biometric experiments using the Honda/UCSD database, and was robust against changes of illumination and expressions.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Narcissus tazzeta var. chinensis.

PubMed

Lu, Gang; Zou, Qingcheng; Guo, Deping; Zhuang, Xiaoying; Yu, Xiaolin; Xiang, Xun; Cao, Jiashu

2007-09-01

Phytoene synthase (PSY), as a key regulatory enzyme for carotene biosynthesis, plays an important role in regulating color formation in many species. In the present study, a protocol was developed for the transformation of Narcissus tazzeta var chinensis using Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA1301 plasmid which contained an antisense phytoene synthase gene, a reporter beta-glucuronidase gene and a selectable marker hygromycin phosphotransferase gene. Effects of some factors on efficiency of transformation and regeneration were examined. Preculture of the explants for 6 days before inoculation enhanced the transient GUS expression. The addition of acetosyringone (AS) at 100 micromol l(-1) for inoculation and a period of 3 days co-cultivation yielded efficient transient GUS expression. Transformants were obtained through selection on MS medium containing 5 mg l(-1) 6-benzylaminopurine (BA), 0.1 mg l(-1)alpha-naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) and 40 mg l(-1) hygromycin. The transformation frequency was 1.24% based on PCR analysis of gus gene. One or two copies of transgene were demonstrated in different transformations by Southern blotting analyses. Northern blotting results confirmed that the transcription of the endogenous psy gene in transgenic plants was inhibited or silenced. The method reported here provides new opportunities for improvement of quality traits of Narcissus tazzeta via genetic transformation.

Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi.

PubMed

Shao, Changwen; Yin, Youping; Qi, Zhaoran; Li, Ren; Song, Zhangyong; Li, Yan; Wang, Zhongkang

2015-10-01

An Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation system for the entomopathogenic fungus Nomuraea rileyi was established. Three binary T-DNA vectors, pPZP-Hph, pPZP-Hph-RNAi and pPZP-Hph-DsRed2, were constructed. The trpc promoter from Aspergillus nidulans was used as the cis-regulatory element to drive the expression of hygromycin phosphotransferase (hph) gene and DsRed2, which conferred the hygromycin B (Hyg B) resistance and red fluorescence visualization, respectively. The blastospores and conidia were used as the recipients. The blastospores' transformation efficiency reached ∼20-40 transformants per 10(6) blastospores, whereas the conidia were not transformed. Based on an analysis of five generations of subcultures, PCR and Southern blotting assays, the Ptrpc-hph cassette had integrated into the genomes of all transformants, which contained single copy of the hph gene and showed mitotic stability. Abundant altered morphologic phenotypes in colonies, blastospores and hyphae formations were observed in the arbitrary insertional mutants of N. rileyi, which made it possible to study the relationships between the functions and the interrupted genes over the whole genome. The transformation protocol will promote the functional characterization of genes, and the construction of genetically engineered strains of this important entomopathogenic fungus, and potentially of other similar fungal pathogens. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

An improved Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of recalcitrant indica rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars.

PubMed

Shri, Manju; Rai, Arti; Verma, Pankaj Kumar; Misra, Prashant; Dubey, Sonali; Kumar, Smita; Verma, Sikha; Gautam, Neelam; Tripathi, Rudra Deo; Trivedi, Prabodh Kumar; Chakrabarty, Debasis

2013-04-01

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of indica rice varieties has been quite difficult as these are recalcitrant to in vitro responses. In the present study, we established a high-efficiency Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation system of rice (Oryza sativa L. ssp. indica) cv. IR-64, Lalat, and IET-4786. Agrobacterium strain EHA-101 harboring binary vector pIG121-Hm, containing a gene encoding for β-glucuronidase (GUS) and hygromycin resistance, was used in the transformation experiments. Manipulation of different concentrations of acetosyringone, days of co-culture period, bacterial suspension of different optical densities (ODs), and the concentrations of L-cysteine in liquid followed by solid co-culture medium was done for establishing the protocol. Among the different co-culture periods, 5 days of co-culture with bacterial cells (OD600 nm = 0.5-0.8) promoted the highest frequency of transformation (83.04 %) in medium containing L-cysteine (400 mg l(-1)). Putative transformed plants were analyzed for the presence of a transgene through genomic PCR and GUS histochemical analyses. Our results also suggest that different cultural conditions and the addition of L-cysteine in the co-culture medium improve the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation frequencies from an average of 12.82 % to 33.33 % in different indica rice cultivars.

Quantum computation with classical light: Implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perez-Garcia, Benjamin; McLaren, Melanie; Goyal, Sandeep K.; Hernandez-Aranda, Raul I.; Forbes, Andrew; Konrad, Thomas

2016-05-01

We propose an optical implementation of the Deutsch-Jozsa Algorithm using classical light in a binary decision-tree scheme. Our approach uses a ring cavity and linear optical devices in order to efficiently query the oracle functional values. In addition, we take advantage of the intrinsic Fourier transforming properties of a lens to read out whether the function given by the oracle is balanced or constant.

Transformation-aware Exploit Generation using a HI-CFG

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-05-16

testing has many limitations of its own: it can require significant target -specific setup to perform well; it is unlikely to trigger vulnerabilities...check fails represents a potential vulnerability, but a conservative analysis can produce false positives , so we can use exploit generation to find...warnings that correspond to true positives . We can also find potentially vulnerable instructions in the course of a manual binary- level security audit

Transient and asymptotic behaviour of the binary breakage problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mantzaris, Nikos V.

2005-06-01

The general binary breakage problem with power-law breakage functions and two families of symmetric and asymmetric breakage kernels is studied in this work. A useful transformation leads to an equation that predicts self-similar solutions in its asymptotic limit and offers explicit knowledge of the mean size and particle density at each point in dimensionless time. A novel moving boundary algorithm in the transformed coordinate system is developed, allowing the accurate prediction of the full transient behaviour of the system from the initial condition up to the point where self-similarity is achieved, and beyond if necessary. The numerical algorithm is very rapid and its results are in excellent agreement with known analytical solutions. In the case of the symmetric breakage kernels only unimodal, self-similar number density functions are obtained asymptotically for all parameter values and independent of the initial conditions, while in the case of asymmetric breakage kernels, bimodality appears for high degrees of asymmetry and sharp breakage functions. For symmetric and discrete breakage kernels, self-similarity is not achieved. The solution exhibits sustained oscillations with amplitude that depends on the initial condition and the sharpness of the breakage mechanism, while the period is always fixed and equal to ln 2 with respect to dimensionless time.

Kinetics and Equilibrium of Age-Induced Precipitation in Cu-4 At. Pct Ti Binary Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Semboshi, Satoshi; Amano, Shintaro; Fu, Jie; Iwase, Akihiro; Takasugi, Takayuki

2017-03-01

Transformation kinetics and phase equilibrium of metastable and stable precipitates in age-hardenable Cu-4 at. pct Ti binary alloy have been investigated by monitoring the microstructural evolution during isothermal aging at temperatures between 693 K (420 °C) and 973 K (700 °C). The microstructure of the supersaturated solid solution evolves in four stages: compositional modulation due to spinodal decomposition, continuous precipitation of the needle-shaped metastable β'-Cu4Ti with a tetragonal structure, discontinuous precipitation of cellular components containing stable β-Cu4Ti lamellae with an orthorhombic structure, and eventually precipitation saturation at equilibrium. In specimens aged below 923 K (650 °C), the stable β-Cu4Ti phase is produced only due to the cellular reaction, whereas it can be also directly obtained from the intergranular needle-shaped β'-Cu4Ti precipitates in specimens aged at 973 K (700 °C). The precipitation kinetics and phase equilibrium observed for the specimens aged between 693 K (420 °C) and 973 K (700 °C) were characterized in accordance with a time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram and a Cu-Ti partial phase diagram, which were utilized to determine the alloy microstructure, strength, and electrical conductivity.

Thermoelastic martensitic transformations in ternary Ni50Mn50- z Ga z alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belosludtseva, E. S.; Kuranova, N. N.; Marchenkova, E. B.; Popov, A. G.; Pushin, V. G.

2016-01-01

We have studied the effect of gallium alloying on the structure, phase composition, and physical properties of ternary alloys of the Ni50Mn50- z Ga z (0 ≤ z ≤ 25 at %) quasi-binary section in a broad temperature range. Dependences of the type of crystalline structure of the high-temperature austenite phase and martensite, as well as the critical temperatures of martensitic transformations on the alloy composition, are determined. A phase diagram of the structural and magnetic transformations is constructed. Concentration boundaries of the existence of tetragonal L10 (2 M) martensite and martensitic phases (10 M and 14 M) with complex multilayer crystalline lattices are found. It is established that the predominant martensite morphology is determined by the hierarchy of packets of thin coherent nano- and submicrocrystalline plates with habit planes close to {011} B2, pairwise twinned along one of 24 equivalent {011}<011> B2 twinning shear systems.

Development and evaluation of a Hadamard transform imaging spectrometer and a Hadamard transform thermal imager

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Harwit, M.; Swift, R.; Wattson, R.; Decker, J.; Paganetti, R.

1976-01-01

A spectrometric imager and a thermal imager, which achieve multiplexing by the use of binary optical encoding masks, were developed. The masks are based on orthogonal, pseudorandom digital codes derived from Hadamard matrices. Spatial and/or spectral data is obtained in the form of a Hadamard transform of the spatial and/or spectral scene; computer algorithms are then used to decode the data and reconstruct images of the original scene. The hardware, algorithms and processing/display facility are described. A number of spatial and spatial/spectral images are presented. The achievement of a signal-to-noise improvement due to the signal multiplexing was also demonstrated. An analysis of the results indicates both the situations for which the multiplex advantage may be gained, and the limitations of the technique. A number of potential applications of the spectrometric imager are discussed.

Entropy generation in Gaussian quantum transformations: applying the replica method to continuous-variable quantum information theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gagatsos, Christos N.; Karanikas, Alexandros I.; Kordas, Georgios; Cerf, Nicolas J.

2016-02-01

In spite of their simple description in terms of rotations or symplectic transformations in phase space, quadratic Hamiltonians such as those modelling the most common Gaussian operations on bosonic modes remain poorly understood in terms of entropy production. For instance, determining the quantum entropy generated by a Bogoliubov transformation is notably a hard problem, with generally no known analytical solution, while it is vital to the characterisation of quantum communication via bosonic channels. Here we overcome this difficulty by adapting the replica method, a tool borrowed from statistical physics and quantum field theory. We exhibit a first application of this method to continuous-variable quantum information theory, where it enables accessing entropies in an optical parametric amplifier. As an illustration, we determine the entropy generated by amplifying a binary superposition of the vacuum and a Fock state, which yields a surprisingly simple, yet unknown analytical expression.

Production of bio-based materials using photobioreactors with binary cultures

DOEpatents

Beliaev, Alex S; Pinchuk, Grigoriy E; Hill, Eric A; Fredrickson, Jim K

2013-08-27

A method, device and system for producing preselected products, (either finished products or preselected intermediary products) from biobased precursors or CO.sub.2 and/or bicarbonate. The principal features of the present invention include a method wherein a binary culture is incubated with a biobased precursor in a closed system to transform at least a portion of the biobased precursor to a preselected product. The present invention provides a method of cultivation that does not need sparging of a closed bioreactor to remove or add a gaseous byproduct or nutrient from a liquid medium. This improvement leads to significant savings in energy consumption and allows for the design of photobioreactors of any desired shape. The present invention also allows for the use of a variety of types of waste materials to be used as the organic starting material.

Production of bio-based materials using photobioreactors with binary cultures

DOEpatents

Beliaev, Alex S.; Pinchuk, Grigoriy E.; Hill, Eric A.

2017-01-31

A method, device and system for producing preselected products, (either finished products or preselected intermediary products) from biobased precursors or CO.sub.2 and/or bicarbonate. The principal features of the present invention include a method wherein a binary culture is incubated with a biobased precursor in a closed system to transform at least a portion of the biobased precursor to a preselected product. The present invention provides a method of cultivation that does not need sparging of a closed bioreactor to remove or add a gaseous byproduct or nutrient from a liquid medium. This improvement leads to significant savings in energy consumption and allows for the design of photobioreactors of any desired shape. The present invention also allows for the use of a variety of types of waste materials to be used as the organic starting material.

Laser-induced phase separation of silicon carbide

PubMed Central

Choi, Insung; Jeong, Hu Young; Shin, Hyeyoung; Kang, Gyeongwon; Byun, Myunghwan; Kim, Hyungjun; Chitu, Adrian M.; Im, James S.; Ruoff, Rodney S.; Choi, Sung-Yool; Lee, Keon Jae

2016-01-01

Understanding the phase separation mechanism of solid-state binary compounds induced by laser–material interaction is a challenge because of the complexity of the compound materials and short processing times. Here we present xenon chloride excimer laser-induced melt-mediated phase separation and surface reconstruction of single-crystal silicon carbide and study this process by high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and a time-resolved reflectance method. A single-pulse laser irradiation triggers melting of the silicon carbide surface, resulting in a phase separation into a disordered carbon layer with partially graphitic domains (∼2.5 nm) and polycrystalline silicon (∼5 nm). Additional pulse irradiations cause sublimation of only the separated silicon element and subsequent transformation of the disordered carbon layer into multilayer graphene. The results demonstrate viability of synthesizing ultra-thin nanomaterials by the decomposition of a binary system. PMID:27901015

Influence of Hydrogen Bond on Thermal and Phase Transitions of Binary Complex Liquid Crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vijayakumar, V. N.; Rajasekaran, T. R.; Baskar, K.

2017-12-01

A novel supramolecular liquid crystal (LC) is synthesized from the binary complex of 4-decyloxy benzoic acid and cholesteryl acetate. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic study confirms the formation of intermolecular hydrogen bond between the mesogens. Various mesophases and corresponding textural changes in the complex are observed by comparing with its constituents through polarizing optical microscopic (POM) studies. The thermal stability factor of smectic phase for present complex is calculated. An interesting observation of present work is that investigation of extended thermal span of mesomorphic phases, decreased enthalpy, a nematic phase with a high clearing point and a low melting point. This is due to an arrangement of molecular reorientations and the development of new associations by hydrogen bonding. Optical tilt angle for smectic C phase is determined and the same is fitted to a power law.

Generation of higher-order rogue waves from multibreathers by double degeneracy in an optical fiber.

PubMed

Wang, Lihong; He, Jingsong; Xu, Hui; Wang, Ji; Porsezian, Kuppuswamy

2017-04-01

In this paper, we construct a special kind of breather solution of the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation, the so-called breather-positon (b-positon for short), which can be obtained by taking the limit λ_{j}→λ_{1} of the Lax pair eigenvalues in the order-n periodic solution, which is generated by the n-fold Darboux transformation from a special "seed" solution-plane wave. Further, an order-n b-positon gives an order-n rogue wave under a limit λ_{1}→λ_{0}. Here, λ_{0} is a special eigenvalue in a breather of the NLS equation such that its period goes to infinity. Several analytical plots of order-2 breather confirm visually this double degeneration. The last limit in this double degeneration can be realized approximately in an optical fiber governed by the NLS equation, in which an injected initial ideal pulse is created by a frequency comb system and a programable optical filter (wave shaper) according to the profile of an analytical form of the b-positon at a certain position z_{0}. We also suggest a new way to observe higher-order rogue waves generation in an optical fiber, namely, measure the patterns at the central region of the higher-order b-positon generated by above ideal initial pulses when λ_{1} is very close to the λ_{0}. The excellent agreement between the numerical solutions generated from initial ideal inputs with a low signal-to-noise ratio and analytical solutions of order-2 b-positon supports strongly this way in a realistic optical fiber system. Our results also show the validity of the generating mechanism of a higher-order rogue waves from a multibreathers through the double degeneration.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reipurth, Bo; Mikkola, Seppo, E-mail: reipurth@ifa.hawaii.edu, E-mail: Seppo.Mikkola@utu.fi

Binaries in which both components are brown dwarfs (BDs) are being discovered at an increasing rate, and their properties may hold clues to their origin. We have carried out 200,000 N-body simulations of three identical stellar embryos with masses drawn from a Chabrier IMF and embedded in a molecular core. The bodies are initially non-hierarchical and undergo chaotic motions within the cloud core, while accreting using Bondi–Hoyle accretion. The coupling of dynamics and accretion often leads to one or two dominant bodies controlling the center of the cloud core, while banishing the other(s) to the lower-density outskirts, leading to stuntedmore » growth. Eventually each system transforms either to a bound hierarchical configuration or breaks apart into separate single and binary components. The orbital motion is followed for 100 Myr. In order to illustrate 200,000 end-states of such dynamical evolution with accretion, we introduce the “triple diagnostic diagram,” which plots two dimensionless numbers against each other, representing the binary mass ratio and the mass ratio of the third body to the total system mass. Numerous freefloating BD binaries are formed in these simulations, and statistical properties are derived. The separation distribution function is in good correspondence with observations, showing a steep rise at close separations, peaking around 13 AU and declining more gently, reaching zero at separations greater than 200 AU. Unresolved BD triple systems may appear as wider BD binaries. Mass ratios are strongly peaked toward unity, as observed, but this is partially due to the initial assumptions. Eccentricities gradually increase toward higher values, due to the lack of viscous interactions in the simulations, which would both shrink the orbits and decrease their eccentricities. Most newborn triple systems are unstable and while there are 9209 ejected BD binaries at 1 Myr, corresponding to about 4% of the 200,000 simulations, this number has grown to 15,894 at 100 Myr (∼8%). The total binary fraction among freefloating BDs is 0.43, higher than indicated by current observations, which, however, are still incomplete. Also, the gradual breakup of higher-order multiples leads to many more singles, thus lowering the binary fraction. The main threat to newly born triple systems is internal instabilities, not external perturbations. At 1 Myr there are 1325 BD binaries still bound to a star, corresponding to 0.66% of the simulations, but only 253 (0.13%) are stable on timescales >100 Myr. These simulations indicate that dynamical interactions in newborn triple systems of stellar embryos embedded in and accreting from a cloud core naturally form a population of freefloating BD binaries, and this mechanism may constitute a significant pathway for the formation of BD binaries.« less

Maize transformation technology development for commercial event generation.

PubMed

Que, Qiudeng; Elumalai, Sivamani; Li, Xianggan; Zhong, Heng; Nalapalli, Samson; Schweiner, Michael; Fei, Xiaoyin; Nuccio, Michael; Kelliher, Timothy; Gu, Weining; Chen, Zhongying; Chilton, Mary-Dell M

2014-01-01

Maize is an important food and feed crop in many countries. It is also one of the most important target crops for the application of biotechnology. Currently, there are more biotech traits available on the market in maize than in any other crop. Generation of transgenic events is a crucial step in the development of biotech traits. For commercial applications, a high throughput transformation system producing a large number of high quality events in an elite genetic background is highly desirable. There has been tremendous progress in Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation since the publication of the Ishida et al. (1996) paper and the technology has been widely adopted for transgenic event production by many labs around the world. We will review general efforts in establishing efficient maize transformation technologies useful for transgenic event production in trait research and development. The review will also discuss transformation systems used for generating commercial maize trait events currently on the market. As the number of traits is increasing steadily and two or more modes of action are used to control key pests, new tools are needed to efficiently transform vectors containing multiple trait genes. We will review general guidelines for assembling binary vectors for commercial transformation. Approaches to increase transformation efficiency and gene expression of large gene stack vectors will be discussed. Finally, recent studies of targeted genome modification and transgene insertion using different site-directed nuclease technologies will be reviewed.

Maize transformation technology development for commercial event generation

PubMed Central

Que, Qiudeng; Elumalai, Sivamani; Li, Xianggan; Zhong, Heng; Nalapalli, Samson; Schweiner, Michael; Fei, Xiaoyin; Nuccio, Michael; Kelliher, Timothy; Gu, Weining; Chen, Zhongying; Chilton, Mary-Dell M.

2014-01-01

Maize is an important food and feed crop in many countries. It is also one of the most important target crops for the application of biotechnology. Currently, there are more biotech traits available on the market in maize than in any other crop. Generation of transgenic events is a crucial step in the development of biotech traits. For commercial applications, a high throughput transformation system producing a large number of high quality events in an elite genetic background is highly desirable. There has been tremendous progress in Agrobacterium-mediated maize transformation since the publication of the Ishida et al. (1996) paper and the technology has been widely adopted for transgenic event production by many labs around the world. We will review general efforts in establishing efficient maize transformation technologies useful for transgenic event production in trait research and development. The review will also discuss transformation systems used for generating commercial maize trait events currently on the market. As the number of traits is increasing steadily and two or more modes of action are used to control key pests, new tools are needed to efficiently transform vectors containing multiple trait genes. We will review general guidelines for assembling binary vectors for commercial transformation. Approaches to increase transformation efficiency and gene expression of large gene stack vectors will be discussed. Finally, recent studies of targeted genome modification and transgene insertion using different site-directed nuclease technologies will be reviewed. PMID:25140170

A novel two T-DNA binary vector allows efficient generation of marker-free transgenic plants in three elite cultivars of rice (Oryza sativa L.).

PubMed

Breitler, Jean-Christophe; Meynard, Donaldo; Van Boxtel, Jos; Royer, Monique; Bonnot, François; Cambillau, Laurence; Guiderdoni, Emmanuel

2004-06-01

A pilot binary vector was constructed to assess the potential of the 2 T-DNA system for generating selectable marker-free progeny plants in three elite rice cultivars (ZhongZuo321, Ariete and Khao Dawk Mali 105) known to exhibit contrasting amenabilities to transformation. The first T-DNA of the vector, delimited by Agrobacterium tumefaciens borders, contains the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) selectable gene and the green fluorescent protein (gfp) reporter gene while the second T-DNA, delimited by Agrobacterium rhizogenes borders, bears the phosphinothricin acetyl transferase (bar) gene, featuring the gene of interest. 82-90% of the hygromycin-resistant primary transformants exhibited tolerance to ammonium glufosinate mediated by the bar gene suggesting very high co-transformation frequency in the three cultivars. All of the regenerated plants were analyzed by Southern blot which confirmed co-integration of the T-DNAs at frequencies consistent with those of co-expression and allowed determination of copy number for each gene as well as detection of two different vector backbone fragments extending between the two T-DNAs. Hygromycin susceptible, ammonium glufosinate tolerant phenotypes represented 14.4, 17.4 and 14.3% of the plants in T1 progenies of ZZ321, Ariete and KDML105 primary transformants, respectively. We developed a statistical model for deducing from the observed copy number of each T-DNA in T0 plants and phenotypic segregations in T1 progenies the most likely constitution and linkage of the T-DNA integration locus. Statistical analysis identified in 40 out of 42 lines a most likely linkage configuration theoretically allowing genetic separation of the two T-DNA types and out segregation of the T-DNA bearing the bar gene. Overall, though improvements of the technology would be beneficial, the 2 T-DNA system appeared to be a useful approach to generate selectable marker-free rice plants with a consistent frequency among cultivars.

Searching for brown dwarfs from submotions of binaries with speckle observations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fu, Hsieh-Hai

1994-01-01

The search for brown dwarfs in binary systems is of great scientific interest and is a quest that pushes observing accuracy to its limit. The study of brown dwarfs is related to the search for dark matter, the initial mass function for stars of all masses, and theories of stellar formation. On the other hand, searching for brown dwarfs is a challenge because of their faintness and very low mass. Although many techniques have been used to detect brown dwarfs, a direct measurement of mass is the only criterion for distinguishing a brown dwarf from a star, and binary observation is still the best way for determining the accurate masses of celestial objects through Kepler's third law. Since 1976, CHARA has accumulated thousands of binary star speckle observations with high precision that can be used to find masses of possible unseen companions in binary systems through astrometrically measured submotions. A modified discrete Fourier transform was used to detect periodicity in data sets having uneven temporal distributions. This dissertation, an extension of work initiated by Dr. Ali Al-Shukri in 1991, uses the CHARA speckle measurements to evaluate their limiting accuracy and then to search for unseen companions from submotions of binary orbital motions. The successful detection of the previously known 1.83-year period sub-motion of the astrometric system ADS 8119 Aa demonstrates that this analysis can be used to find other systems in future investigations, even though no convincing evidence was found for the existence of a brown dwarf. Four possible companions were found to the binaries ADS 8197, ADS 9392, ADS 9494, and ADS 14073 with periods of 3.3, 2.6, 0.3, and 3.78 years and minimum masses in the ranges of 0.015-0.019, 0.11-0.65, 0.04-0.19, and 0.14-0.16 solar masses, respectively. The overall null result for detecting brown dwarfs may be partially explained as a real lack of massive brown dwarfs as members of multiple systems.

Curious properties of the recycled pulsars and the potential of high precision timing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bailes, Matthew

2010-03-01

Binary and Millisecond pulsars have a great deal to teach us about stellar evolution and are invaluable tools for tests of relativistic theories of gravity. Our understanding of these objects has been transformed by large-scale surveys that have uncovered a great deal of new objects, exquisitely timed by ever-improving instrumentation. Here we argue that there exists a fundamental relation between the spin period of a pulsar and its companion mass, and that this determines many of the observable properties of a binary pulsar. No recycled pulsars exist in which the minimum companion mass exceeds (P/10 ms) M ⊙. Furthermore, the three fastest disk millisecond pulsars are either single, or possess extremely low-mass companions ( Mc ˜ 0.02 M ⊙), consistent with this relation. Finally, the four relativistic binaries for which we have actual measurements of neutron star masses, suggest that not only are their spin periods related to the companion neutron star mass, but that the kick imparted to the system depends upon it too, leading to a correlation between orbital eccentricity and spin period. The isolation of the relativistic binary pulsars in the magnetic field-Period diagram is used to argue that this must be because the kicks imparted to proto-relativistic systems are usually small, leading to very few if any isolated runaway mildly-recycled pulsars. This calls into question the magnitude of supernova kicks in close binaries, which have been usually assumed to be similar to those imparted to the bulk of the pulsar population. Finally, we review some of the highlights of the Parkes precision timing efforts, which suggest 10 ns timing is obtainable on PSR J1909-3744 that will aid us in searching for a cosmological sources of gravitational waves.

The Surface Brightness-color Relations Based on Eclipsing Binary Stars: Toward Precision Better than 1% in Angular Diameter Predictions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graczyk, Dariusz; Gieren, Wolfgang; Konorski, Piotr

In this study we investigate the calibration of surface brightness–color (SBC) relations based solely on eclipsing binary stars. We selected a sample of 35 detached eclipsing binaries with trigonometric parallaxes from Gaia DR1 or Hipparcos whose absolute dimensions are known with an accuracy better than 3% and that lie within 0.3 kpc from the Sun. For the purpose of this study, we used mostly homogeneous optical and near-infrared photometry based on the Tycho-2 and 2MASS catalogs. We derived geometric angular diameters for all stars in our sample with a precision better than 10%, and for 11 of them with amore » precision better than 2%. The precision of individual angular diameters of the eclipsing binary components is currently limited by the precision of the geometric distances (∼5% on average). However, by using a subsample of systems with the best agreement between their geometric and photometric distances, we derived the precise SBC relations based only on eclipsing binary stars. These relations have precisions that are comparable to the best available SBC relations based on interferometric angular diameters, and they are fully consistent with them. With very precise Gaia parallaxes becoming available in the near future, angular diameters with a precision better than 1% will be abundant. At that point, the main uncertainty in the total error budget of the SBC relations will come from transformations between different photometric systems, disentangling of component magnitudes, and for hot OB stars, the main uncertainty will come from the interstellar extinction determination. We argue that all these issues can be overcome with modern high-quality data and conclude that a precision better than 1% is entirely feasible.« less

Treelets Binary Feature Retrieval for Fast Keypoint Recognition.

PubMed

Zhu, Jianke; Wu, Chenxia; Chen, Chun; Cai, Deng

2015-10-01

Fast keypoint recognition is essential to many vision tasks. In contrast to the classification-based approaches, we directly formulate the keypoint recognition as an image patch retrieval problem, which enjoys the merit of finding the matched keypoint and its pose simultaneously. To effectively extract the binary features from each patch surrounding the keypoint, we make use of treelets transform that can group the highly correlated data together and reduce the noise through the local analysis. Treelets is a multiresolution analysis tool, which provides an orthogonal basis to reflect the geometry of the noise-free data. To facilitate the real-world applications, we have proposed two novel approaches. One is the convolutional treelets that capture the image patch information locally and globally while reducing the computational cost. The other is the higher-order treelets that reflect the relationship between the rows and columns within image patch. An efficient sub-signature-based locality sensitive hashing scheme is employed for fast approximate nearest neighbor search in patch retrieval. Experimental evaluations on both synthetic data and the real-world Oxford dataset have shown that our proposed treelets binary feature retrieval methods outperform the state-of-the-art feature descriptors and classification-based approaches.

Tuning into Scorpius X-1: adapting a continuous gravitational-wave search for a known binary system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meadors, Grant David; Goetz, Evan; Riles, Keith

2016-05-01

We describe how the TwoSpect data analysis method for continuous gravitational waves (GWs) has been tuned for directed sources such as the low-mass X-ray binary (LMXB), Scorpius X-1 (Sco X-1). A comparison of five search algorithms generated simulations of the orbital and GW parameters of Sco X-1. Whereas that comparison focused on relative performance, here the simulations help quantify the sensitivity enhancement and parameter estimation abilities of this directed method, derived from an all-sky search for unknown sources, using doubly Fourier-transformed data. Sensitivity is shown to be enhanced when the source sky location and period are known, because we can run a fully templated search, bypassing the all-sky hierarchical stage using an incoherent harmonic sum. The GW strain and frequency, as well as the projected semi-major axis of the binary system, are recovered and uncertainty estimated, for simulated signals that are detected. Upper limits for GW strain are set for undetected signals. Applications to future GW observatory data are discussed. Robust against spin-wandering and computationally tractable despite an unknown frequency, this directed search is an important new tool for finding gravitational signals from LMXBs.

HIT: a new approach for hiding multimedia information in text

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

El-Kwae, Essam A.; Cheng, Li

2002-04-01

A new technique for hiding multimedia data in text, called the Hiding in Text (HIT) technique, is introduced. The HIT technique can transform any type of media represented by a long binary string into innocuous text that follows correct grammatical rules. This technique divides English words into types where each word can appear in any number of types. For each type, there is a dictionary, which maps words to binary codes. Marker types are special types whose words do not repeat in any other type. Each generated sentence must include at least one word from the marker type. In the hiding phase, a binary string is input to the HIT encoding algorithm, which then selects sentence templates at random. The output is a set of English sentences according to the selected templates and the dictionaries of types. In the retrieving phase, the HIT technique uses the position of the marker word to identify the template used to build each sentence. The proposed technique greatly improves the efficiency and the security features of previous solutions. Examples for hiding text and image information in a cover text are given to illustrate the HIT technique.

Genotype-independent and enhanced in planta Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated genetic transformation of peanut [Arachis hypogaea (L.)].

PubMed

Karthik, Sivabalan; Pavan, Gadamchetty; Sathish, Selvam; Siva, Ramamoorthy; Kumar, Periyasamy Suresh; Manickavasagam, Markandan

2018-04-01

Agrobacterium infection and regeneration of the putatively transformed plant from the explant remains arduous for some crop species like peanut. Henceforth, a competent and reproducible in planta genetic transformation protocol is established for peanut cv. CO7 by standardizing various factors such as pre-culture duration, acetosyringone concentration, duration of co-cultivation, sonication and vacuum infiltration. In the present investigation, Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector pCAMBIA1301- bar was used for transformation. The two-stage selection was carried out using 4 and 250 mg l -1 BASTA ® to completely eliminate the chimeric and non-transformed plants. The transgene integration into plant genome was evaluated by GUS histochemical assay, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and Southern blot hybridization. Among the various combinations and concentrations analyzed, highest transformation efficiency was obtained when the 2-day pre-cultured explants were subjected to sonication for 6 min and vacuum infiltrated for 3 min in Agrobacterium suspension, and co-cultivated on MS medium supplemented with 150 µM acetosyringone for 3 days. The fidelity of the standardized in planta transformation method was assessed in five peanut cultivars and all the cultivars responded positively with a transformation efficiency ranging from minimum 31.3% (with cv. CO6) to maximum 38.6% (with cv. TMV7). The in planta transformation method optimized in this study could be beneficial to develop superior peanut cultivars with desirable genetic traits.

Analysis of autostereoscopic three-dimensional images using multiview wavelets.

PubMed

Saveljev, Vladimir; Palchikova, Irina

2016-08-10

We propose that multiview wavelets can be used in processing multiview images. The reference functions for the synthesis/analysis of multiview images are described. The synthesized binary images were observed experimentally as three-dimensional visual images. The symmetric multiview B-spline wavelets are proposed. The locations recognized in the continuous wavelet transform correspond to the layout of the test objects. The proposed wavelets can be applied to the multiview, integral, and plenoptic images.

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of the haploid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L., an emerging model for plant biology.

PubMed

Ishizaki, Kimitsune; Chiyoda, Shota; Yamato, Katsuyuki T; Kohchi, Takayuki

2008-07-01

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation has not been practical in pteridophytes, bryophytes and algae to date, although it is commonly used in model plants including Arabidopsis and rice. Here we present a rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for the haploid liverwort Marchantia polymorpha L. using immature thalli developed from spores. Hundreds of hygromycin-resistant plants per sporangium were obtained by co-cultivation of immature thalli with Agrobacterium carrying the binary vector that contains a reporter, the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene with an intron, and a selection marker, the hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) gene. In this system, individual gemmae, which arise asexually from single initial cells, were analyzed as isogenic transformants. GUS activity staining showed that all hygromycin-resistant plants examined expressed the GUS transgene in planta. DNA analyses verified random integration of 1-5 copies of the intact T-DNA between the right and the left borders into the M. polymorpha genome. The efficient and rapid Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of M. polymorpha should provide molecular techniques to facilitate comparative genomics, taking advantage of this unique model plant that retains many features of the common ancestor of land plants.

High-frequency transformation of Lobelia erinus L. by Agrobacterium-mediated gene transfer.

PubMed

Tsugawa, H; Kagami, T; Suzuki, M

2004-05-01

A highly efficient transformation procedure was developed for Lobelia erinus. Leaf or cotyledon discs were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring the binary vector plasmid pIG121Hm, which contains a beta-glucuronidase gene with an intron as a reporter gene and both the neomycin phosphotransferase II and hygromycin phosphotransferase genes as selectable markers. The hygromycin-resistant calli produced on the selection medium were transferred to MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg/l benzyladenine and 0.2 mg/l indole-3-acetic acid for regeneration of adventitious shoots. Transgenic plants were obtained as a result of the high regeneration rate of the transformed calli, which was as high as 83%. In contrast, no transgenic plant was obtained by the procedure of direct shoot formation following inoculation with A. tumefaciens. Transgenic plants flowered 3-4 months after transformation. Integration of the transgenes was detected using PCR and Southern blot analysis, which revealed that one to several copies were integrated into the genomes of the host plants. The transformation frequency at the stage of whole plants was very high--45% per inoculated disc. Copyright 2004 Springer-Verlag

Agrobacterium- and Biolistic-Mediated Transformation of Maize B104 Inbred.

PubMed

Raji, Jennifer A; Frame, Bronwyn; Little, Daniel; Santoso, Tri Joko; Wang, Kan

2018-01-01

Genetic transformation of maize inbred genotypes remains non-routine for many laboratories due to variations in cell competency to induce embryogenic callus, as well as the cell's ability to receive and incorporate transgenes into the genome. This chapter describes two transformation protocols using Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods for gene delivery. Immature zygotic embryos of maize inbred B104, excised from ears harvested 10-14 days post pollination, are used as starting explant material. Disarmed Agrobacterium strains harboring standard binary vectors and the biolistic gun system Bio-Rad PDS-1000/He are used as gene delivery systems. The herbicide resistant bar gene and selection agent bialaphos are used for identifying putative transgenic type I callus events. Using the step-by-step protocols described here, average transformation frequencies (number of bialaphos resistant T 0 callus events per 100 explants infected or bombarded) of 4% and 8% can be achieved using the Agrobacterium- and biolistic-mediated methods, respectively. An estimated duration of 16-21 weeks is needed using either protocol from the start of transformation experiments to obtaining putative transgenic plantlets with established roots. In addition to laboratory in vitro procedures, detailed greenhouse protocols for producing immature ears as transformation starting material and caring for transgenic plants for seed production are also described.

Expression of hygromycin B resistance in oyster culinary-medicinal mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus (Jacq.:Fr.)P. Kumm. (higher Basidiomycetes) using three gene expression systems.

PubMed

Dong, Xiaoya; Zhang, Ke; Gao, Yuqian; Qi, Yuancheng; Shen, Jinwen; Qiu, Liyou

2012-01-01

Three hygromycin B phosphotransferase (hph) gene expression systems for culinary-medicinal Oyster mushroom, Pleurotus ostreatus, plasmid pSHC, pAN7-1, and pBHt1 were evaluated through PEG/CaCl(2)-mediated protoplast transformation. Plasmid pSHC is a newly constructed hph gene expression system, composed of Escherichia coli hph gene, the P. ostreatus sdi promoter, and the CaMV35S terminator. The vector pAN7-1 was commonly used for integrative transformation in filamentous fungi. Plasmid pBHtl is a T-DNA binary vector, usually introduced into fungi by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. The results showed that plasmids pSHC, pAN7-1, and pBHt1 were all integrated into the host chromosomes and expressed hygromycin B resistance in P. ostreatus. pAN7-1 had the highest transformation efficiency and hph gene expression level, pSHC the second, and pBHt1 the lowest. Growth rates of the transformants on plates containing hygromycin B were in correspondence with their hph gene expression levels. To our knowledge, this is the first report on integrated transformation of plasmid pAN7-1 and pBHt1 in P. ostreatus.

Zero-crossing sampling of Fourier-transform interferograms and spectrum reconstruction using the real-zero interpolation method.

PubMed

Minami, K; Kawata, S; Minami, S

1992-10-10

The real-zero interpolation method is applied to a Fourier-transformed infrared (FT-IR) interferogram. With this method an interferogram is reconstructed from its zero-crossing information only, without the use of a long-word analog-to-digital converter. We installed a phase-locked loop circuit into an FT-IR spectrometer for oversampling the interferogram. Infrared absorption spectra of polystyrene and Mylar films were measured as binary interferograms by the FT-IR spectrometer, which was equipped with the developed circuits, and their Fourier spectra were successfully reconstructed. The relationship of the oversampling ratio to the dynamic range of the reconstructed interferogram was evaluated through computer simulations. We also discuss the problems of this method for practical applications.

Integrability of the coupled cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equations and multiple-soliton solutions via mathematical methods

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Selima, Ehab S.; Seadawy, Aly R.; Yao, Xiaohua; Essa, F. A.

2018-02-01

This paper is devoted to study the (1+1)-dimensional coupled cubic-quintic complex Ginzburg-Landau equations (cc-qcGLEs) with complex coefficients. This equation can be used to describe the nonlinear evolution of slowly varying envelopes of periodic spatial-temporal patterns in a convective binary fluid. Dispersion relation and properties of cc-qcGLEs are constructed. Painlevé analysis is used to check the integrability of cc-qcGLEs and to establish the Bäcklund transformation form. New traveling wave solutions and a general form of multiple-soliton solutions of cc-qcGLEs are obtained via the Bäcklund transformation and simplest equation method with Bernoulli, Riccati and Burgers’ equations as simplest equations.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, S.; Schaffer, J. E.; Ren, Y.

Room temperature deformation of a Ni{sub 46.7}Ti{sub 42.8}Nb{sub 10.5} alloy was studied by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Compared to binary NiTi alloy, the Nb dissolved in the matrix significantly increased the onset stress for Stress-Induced Martensite Transformation (SIMT). The secondary phase, effectively a Nb-nanowire dispersion in a NiTi-Nb matrix, increased the elastic stiffness of the bulk material, reduced the strain anisotropy in austenite families by load sharing during SIMT, and increased the stress hysteresis by resisting reverse phase transformation during unloading. The stress hysteresis can be controlled over a wide range by heat treatment through its influences on the residualmore » stress of the Nb-nanowire dispersion and the stability of the austenite.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cai, S.; Schaffer, J. E.; Ren, Y.

Room temperature deformation of a Ni46.7Ti42.8Nb10.5 alloy was studied by in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction. Compared to binary NiTi alloy, the Nb dissolved in the matrix significantly increased the onset stress for Stress-Induced Martensite Transformation (SIMT). The secondary phase, effectively a Nb-nanowire dispersion in a NiTi-Nb matrix, increased the elastic stiffness of the bulk material, reduced the strain anisotropy in austenite families by loading sharing during SIMT, and increased the stress hysteresis by resisting reverse phase transformation during unloading. The stress hysteresis can be controlled over a wide range by changing the heat treatment temperature through its influences on the residualmore » stress-strain state of the Nb-nanowire dispersion.« less

Colour Based Image Processing Method for Recognizing Ribbed Smoked Sheet Grade

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fibriani, Ike; Sumardi; Bayu Satriya, Alfredo; Budi Utomo, Satryo

2017-03-01

This research proposes a colour based image processing technique to recognize the Ribbed Smoked Sheet (RSS) grade so that the RSS sorting process can be faster and more accurate than the traditional one. The RSS sheet image captured by the camera is transformed into grayscale image to simplify the recognition of rust and mould on the RSS sheet. Then the grayscale image is transformed into binary image using threshold value which is obtained from the RSS 1 reference colour. The grade recognition is determined by counting the white pixel percentage. The result shows that the system has 88% of accuracy. Most faults exist on RSS 2 recognition. This is due to the illumination distribution which is not equal over the RSS image.

Strange Quark Stars in Binaries: Formation Rates, Mergers, and Explosive Phenomena

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wiktorowicz, G.; Drago, A.; Pagliara, G.

2017-09-10

Recently, the possible coexistence of a first family composed of “normal” neutron stars (NSs) with a second family of strange quark stars (QSs) has been proposed as a solution of problems related to the maximum mass and to the minimal radius of these compact stellar objects. In this paper, we study the mass distribution of compact objects formed in binary systems and the relative fractions of quark and NSs in different subpopulations. We incorporate the strange QS formation model provided by the two-families scenario, and we perform a large-scale population synthesis study in order to obtain the population characteristics. Accordingmore » to our results, the main channel for strange QS formation in binary systems is accretion from a secondary companion on an NS. Therefore, a rather large number of strange QSs form by accretion in low-mass X-ray binaries and this opens the possibility of having explosive GRB-like phenomena not related to supernovae and not due to the merger of two NSs. The number of double strange QS systems is rather small, with only a tiny fraction that merge within a Hubble time. This drastically limits the flux of strangelets produced by the merger, which turns out to be compatible with all limits stemming from Earth and lunar experiments. Moreover, this value of the flux rules out at least one relevant channel for the transformation of all NSs into strange QSs by strangelets’ absorption.« less

Strange Quark Stars in Binaries: Formation Rates, Mergers, and Explosive Phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wiktorowicz, G.; Drago, A.; Pagliara, G.; Popov, S. B.

2017-09-01

Recently, the possible coexistence of a first family composed of “normal” neutron stars (NSs) with a second family of strange quark stars (QSs) has been proposed as a solution of problems related to the maximum mass and to the minimal radius of these compact stellar objects. In this paper, we study the mass distribution of compact objects formed in binary systems and the relative fractions of quark and NSs in different subpopulations. We incorporate the strange QS formation model provided by the two-families scenario, and we perform a large-scale population synthesis study in order to obtain the population characteristics. According to our results, the main channel for strange QS formation in binary systems is accretion from a secondary companion on an NS. Therefore, a rather large number of strange QSs form by accretion in low-mass X-ray binaries and this opens the possibility of having explosive GRB-like phenomena not related to supernovae and not due to the merger of two NSs. The number of double strange QS systems is rather small, with only a tiny fraction that merge within a Hubble time. This drastically limits the flux of strangelets produced by the merger, which turns out to be compatible with all limits stemming from Earth and lunar experiments. Moreover, this value of the flux rules out at least one relevant channel for the transformation of all NSs into strange QSs by strangelets’ absorption.

Design and assembly of ternary Pt/Re/SnO2 NPs by controlling the zeta potential of individual Pt, Re, and SnO2 NPs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Drzymała, Elżbieta; Gruzeł, Grzegorz; Pajor-Świerzy, Anna; Depciuch, Joanna; Socha, Robert; Kowal, Andrzej; Warszyński, Piotr; Parlinska-Wojtan, Magdalena

2018-05-01

In this study Pt, Re, and SnO2 nanoparticles (NPs) were combined in a controlled manner into binary and ternary combinations for a possible application for ethanol oxidation. For this purpose, zeta potentials as a function of the pH of the individual NPs solutions were measured. In order to successfully combine the NPs into Pt/SnO2 and Re/SnO2 NPs, the solutions were mixed together at a pH guaranteeing opposite zeta potentials of the metal and oxide NPs. The individually synthesized NPs and their binary/ternary combinations were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) combined with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. FTIR and XPS spectroscopy showed that the individually synthesized Pt and Re NPs are metallic and the Sn component was oxidized to SnO2. STEM showed that all NPs are well crystallized and the sizes of the Pt, Re, and SnO2 NPs were 2.2, 1.0, and 3.4 nm, respectively. Moreover, EDS analysis confirmed the successful formation of binary Pt/SnO2 and Re/SnO2 NP, as well as ternary Pt/Re/SnO2 NP combinations. This study shows that by controlling the zeta potential of individual metal and oxide NPs, it is possible to assemble them into binary and ternary combinations. [Figure not available: see fulltext.

On the role of structure-dynamic relationship in determining the excess entropy of mixing and chemical ordering in binary square-well liquid alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lalneihpuii, R.; Shrivastava, Ruchi; Mishra, Raj Kumar

2018-05-01

Using statistical mechanical model with square-well (SW) interatomic potential within the frame work of mean spherical approximation, we determine the composition dependent microscopic correlation functions, interdiffusion coefficients, surface tension and chemical ordering in Ag-Cu melts. Further Dzugutov universal scaling law of normalized diffusion is verified with SW potential in binary mixtures. We find that the excess entropy scaling law is valid for SW binary melts. The partial and total structure factors in the attractive and repulsive regions of the interacting potential are evaluated and then Fourier transformed to get partial and total radial distribution functions. A good agreement between theoretical and experimental values for total structure factor and the reduced radial distribution function are observed, which consolidates our model calculations. The well-known Bhatia-Thornton correlation functions are also computed for Ag-Cu melts. The concentration-concentration correlations in the long wavelength limit in liquid Ag-Cu alloys have been analytically derived through the long wavelength limit of partial correlation functions and apply it to demonstrate the chemical ordering and interdiffusion coefficients in binary liquid alloys. We also investigate the concentration dependent viscosity coefficients and surface tension using the computed diffusion data in these alloys. Our computed results for structure, transport and surface properties of liquid Ag-Cu alloys obtained with square-well interatomic interaction are fully consistent with their corresponding experimental values.

Interconnections between various analytic approaches applicable to third-order nonlinear differential equations

PubMed Central

Mohanasubha, R.; Chandrasekar, V. K.; Senthilvelan, M.; Lakshmanan, M.

2015-01-01

We unearth the interconnection between various analytical methods which are widely used in the current literature to identify integrable nonlinear dynamical systems described by third-order nonlinear ODEs. We establish an important interconnection between the extended Prelle–Singer procedure and λ-symmetries approach applicable to third-order ODEs to bring out the various linkages associated with these different techniques. By establishing this interconnection we demonstrate that given any one of the quantities as a starting point in the family consisting of Jacobi last multipliers, Darboux polynomials, Lie point symmetries, adjoint-symmetries, λ-symmetries, integrating factors and null forms one can derive the rest of the quantities in this family in a straightforward and unambiguous manner. We also illustrate our findings with three specific examples. PMID:27547076

Interconnections between various analytic approaches applicable to third-order nonlinear differential equations.

PubMed

Mohanasubha, R; Chandrasekar, V K; Senthilvelan, M; Lakshmanan, M

2015-04-08

We unearth the interconnection between various analytical methods which are widely used in the current literature to identify integrable nonlinear dynamical systems described by third-order nonlinear ODEs. We establish an important interconnection between the extended Prelle-Singer procedure and λ-symmetries approach applicable to third-order ODEs to bring out the various linkages associated with these different techniques. By establishing this interconnection we demonstrate that given any one of the quantities as a starting point in the family consisting of Jacobi last multipliers, Darboux polynomials, Lie point symmetries, adjoint-symmetries, λ-symmetries, integrating factors and null forms one can derive the rest of the quantities in this family in a straightforward and unambiguous manner. We also illustrate our findings with three specific examples.

Fast traffic sign recognition with a rotation invariant binary pattern based feature.

PubMed

Yin, Shouyi; Ouyang, Peng; Liu, Leibo; Guo, Yike; Wei, Shaojun

2015-01-19

Robust and fast traffic sign recognition is very important but difficult for safe driving assistance systems. This study addresses fast and robust traffic sign recognition to enhance driving safety. The proposed method includes three stages. First, a typical Hough transformation is adopted to implement coarse-grained location of the candidate regions of traffic signs. Second, a RIBP (Rotation Invariant Binary Pattern) based feature in the affine and Gaussian space is proposed to reduce the time of traffic sign detection and achieve robust traffic sign detection in terms of scale, rotation, and illumination. Third, the techniques of ANN (Artificial Neutral Network) based feature dimension reduction and classification are designed to reduce the traffic sign recognition time. Compared with the current work, the experimental results in the public datasets show that this work achieves robustness in traffic sign recognition with comparable recognition accuracy and faster processing speed, including training speed and recognition speed.

Compact 0-complete trees: A new method for searching large files

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Orlandic, R.; Pfaltz, J.L.

1988-01-26

In this report, a novel approach to ordered retrieval in very large files is developed. The method employs a B-tree like search algorithm that is independent of key type or key length because all keys in index blocks are encoded by a 1 byte surrogate. The replacement of actual key sequences by the 1 byte surrogate ensures a maximal possible fan out and greatly reduces the storage overhead of maintaining access indices. Initially, retrieval in binary trie structure is developed. With the aid of a fairly complex recurrence relation, the rather scraggly binary trie is transformed into compact multi-way searchmore » tree. Then the recurrence relation itself is replaced by an unusually simple search algorithm. Then implementation details and empirical performance results are presented. Reduction of index size by 50%--75% opens up the possibility of replicating system-wide indices for parallel access in distributed databases. 23 figs.« less

Fast Traffic Sign Recognition with a Rotation Invariant Binary Pattern Based Feature

PubMed Central

Yin, Shouyi; Ouyang, Peng; Liu, Leibo; Guo, Yike; Wei, Shaojun

2015-01-01

Robust and fast traffic sign recognition is very important but difficult for safe driving assistance systems. This study addresses fast and robust traffic sign recognition to enhance driving safety. The proposed method includes three stages. First, a typical Hough transformation is adopted to implement coarse-grained location of the candidate regions of traffic signs. Second, a RIBP (Rotation Invariant Binary Pattern) based feature in the affine and Gaussian space is proposed to reduce the time of traffic sign detection and achieve robust traffic sign detection in terms of scale, rotation, and illumination. Third, the techniques of ANN (Artificial Neutral Network) based feature dimension reduction and classification are designed to reduce the traffic sign recognition time. Compared with the current work, the experimental results in the public datasets show that this work achieves robustness in traffic sign recognition with comparable recognition accuracy and faster processing speed, including training speed and recognition speed. PMID:25608217

Modified Mahalanobis Taguchi System for Imbalance Data Classification

PubMed Central

2017-01-01

The Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MTS) is considered one of the most promising binary classification algorithms to handle imbalance data. Unfortunately, MTS lacks a method for determining an efficient threshold for the binary classification. In this paper, a nonlinear optimization model is formulated based on minimizing the distance between MTS Receiver Operating Characteristics (ROC) curve and the theoretical optimal point named Modified Mahalanobis Taguchi System (MMTS). To validate the MMTS classification efficacy, it has been benchmarked with Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Naive Bayes (NB), Probabilistic Mahalanobis Taguchi Systems (PTM), Synthetic Minority Oversampling Technique (SMOTE), Adaptive Conformal Transformation (ACT), Kernel Boundary Alignment (KBA), Hidden Naive Bayes (HNB), and other improved Naive Bayes algorithms. MMTS outperforms the benchmarked algorithms especially when the imbalance ratio is greater than 400. A real life case study on manufacturing sector is used to demonstrate the applicability of the proposed model and to compare its performance with Mahalanobis Genetic Algorithm (MGA). PMID:28811820

Entropy of finite random binary sequences with weak long-range correlations.

PubMed

Melnik, S S; Usatenko, O V

2014-11-01

We study the N-step binary stationary ergodic Markov chain and analyze its differential entropy. Supposing that the correlations are weak we express the conditional probability function of the chain through the pair correlation function and represent the entropy as a functional of the pair correlator. Since the model uses the two-point correlators instead of the block probability, it makes it possible to calculate the entropy of strings at much longer distances than using standard methods. A fluctuation contribution to the entropy due to finiteness of random chains is examined. This contribution can be of the same order as its regular part even at the relatively short lengths of subsequences. A self-similar structure of entropy with respect to the decimation transformations is revealed for some specific forms of the pair correlation function. Application of the theory to the DNA sequence of the R3 chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster is presented.

Entropy of finite random binary sequences with weak long-range correlations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Melnik, S. S.; Usatenko, O. V.

2014-11-01

We study the N -step binary stationary ergodic Markov chain and analyze its differential entropy. Supposing that the correlations are weak we express the conditional probability function of the chain through the pair correlation function and represent the entropy as a functional of the pair correlator. Since the model uses the two-point correlators instead of the block probability, it makes it possible to calculate the entropy of strings at much longer distances than using standard methods. A fluctuation contribution to the entropy due to finiteness of random chains is examined. This contribution can be of the same order as its regular part even at the relatively short lengths of subsequences. A self-similar structure of entropy with respect to the decimation transformations is revealed for some specific forms of the pair correlation function. Application of the theory to the DNA sequence of the R3 chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster is presented.

Anti-correlated X-ray and Radio Variability in the Transitional Millisecond Pulsar PSR J1023+0038

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogdanov, Slavko; Deller, Adam; Miller-Jones, James; Archibald, Anne; Hessels, Jason W. T.; Jaodand, Amruta; Patruno, Alessandro; Bassa, Cees; D'Angelo, Caroline

2018-01-01

The PSR J1023+0038 binary system hosts a 1.69-ms neutron star and a low-mass, main-sequence-like star. The system underwent a transformation from a rotation-powered to a low-luminosity accreting state in 2013 June, in which it has remained since. We present an unprecedented set of strictly simultaneous Chandra X-ray Observatory and Karl G. Jansky Very Large Array observations, which for the first time reveal a highly reproducible, anti-correlated variability pattern. Rapid declines in X-ray flux are always accompanied by a radio brightening with duration that closely matches the low X-ray flux mode intervals. We discuss these findings in the context of accretion and jet outflow physics and their implications for using the radio/X-ray luminosity plane to distinguish low-luminosity candidate black hole binary systems from accreting transitional millisecond pulsars.

Detection of statistical asymmetries in non-stationary sign time series: Analysis of foreign exchange data

PubMed Central

Takayasu, Hideki; Takayasu, Misako

2017-01-01

We extend the concept of statistical symmetry as the invariance of a probability distribution under transformation to analyze binary sign time series data of price difference from the foreign exchange market. We model segments of the sign time series as Markov sequences and apply a local hypothesis test to evaluate the symmetries of independence and time reversion in different periods of the market. For the test, we derive the probability of a binary Markov process to generate a given set of number of symbol pairs. Using such analysis, we could not only segment the time series according the different behaviors but also characterize the segments in terms of statistical symmetries. As a particular result, we find that the foreign exchange market is essentially time reversible but this symmetry is broken when there is a strong external influence. PMID:28542208

Video-based depression detection using local Curvelet binary patterns in pairwise orthogonal planes.

PubMed

Pampouchidou, Anastasia; Marias, Kostas; Tsiknakis, Manolis; Simos, Panagiotis; Fan Yang; Lemaitre, Guillaume; Meriaudeau, Fabrice

2016-08-01

Depression is an increasingly prevalent mood disorder. This is the reason why the field of computer-based depression assessment has been gaining the attention of the research community during the past couple of years. The present work proposes two algorithms for depression detection, one Frame-based and the second Video-based, both employing Curvelet transform and Local Binary Patterns. The main advantage of these methods is that they have significantly lower computational requirements, as the extracted features are of very low dimensionality. This is achieved by modifying the previously proposed algorithm which considers Three-Orthogonal-Planes, to only Pairwise-Orthogonal-Planes. Performance of the algorithms was tested on the benchmark dataset provided by the Audio/Visual Emotion Challenge 2014, with the person-specific system achieving 97.6% classification accuracy, and the person-independed one yielding promising preliminary results of 74.5% accuracy. The paper concludes with open issues, proposed solutions, and future plans.

Transform-Based Wideband Array Processing

DTIC Science & Technology

1992-01-31

Breusch and Pagan [2], it is possible to test which model, M,€, 0 AR or random coefficient, will better fit typical array data. Li The test indicates that...bearing estimation problems," Proc. IEEE, vol. 70, no. 9, pp. 1018-1028, 1982. (2] T. S. Breusch and A. R. Pagan , "A simple test for het...cor- relations do not obey an AR relationship across the array; relations in the observations. Through the use of a binary hypothesis test , it is

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Selle, J.E.

A modification was made to the Kaufman method of calculating binary phase diagrams to permit calculation of intra-rare earth diagrams. Atomic volumes for all phases, real or hypothetical, are necessary to determine interaction parameters for calculation of complete diagrams. The procedures used to determine unknown atomic volumes are describes. Also, procedures are described for determining lattice stability parameters for unknown transformations. Results are presented on the calculation of intra-rare earth diagrams between both trivalent and divalent rare earths. 13 refs., 36 figs., 11 tabs.

Efficient production of human acidic fibroblast growth factor in pea (Pisum sativum L.) plants by agroinfection of germinated seeds

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background For efficient and large scale production of recombinant proteins in plants transient expression by agroinfection has a number of advantages over stable transformation. Simple manipulation, rapid analysis and high expression efficiency are possible. In pea, Pisum sativum, a Virus Induced Gene Silencing System using the pea early browning virus has been converted into an efficient agroinfection system by converting the two RNA genomes of the virus into binary expression vectors for Agrobacterium transformation. Results By vacuum infiltration (0.08 Mpa, 1 min) of germinating pea seeds with 2-3 cm roots with Agrobacteria carrying the binary vectors, expression of the gene for Green Fluorescent Protein as marker and the gene for the human acidic fibroblast growth factor (aFGF) was obtained in 80% of the infiltrated developing seedlings. Maximal production of the recombinant proteins was achieved 12-15 days after infiltration. Conclusions Compared to the leaf injection method vacuum infiltration of germinated seeds is highly efficient allowing large scale production of plants transiently expressing recombinant proteins. The production cycle of plants for harvesting the recombinant protein was shortened from 30 days for leaf injection to 15 days by applying vacuum infiltration. The synthesized aFGF was purified by heparin-affinity chromatography and its mitogenic activity on NIH 3T3 cells confirmed to be similar to a commercial product. PMID:21548923

[Obtaining marker-free transgenic soybean plants with optimal frequency by constructing three T-DNAs binary vector].

PubMed

Ye, Xing-Guo; Qin, Hua

2007-01-01

Obtaining marker-free plants with high efficiency will benefit the environmental release of transgenic crops. To achieve this point, a binary vector pNB35SVIP1 with three T-DNAs was constructed by using several mediate plasmids, in which one copy of bar gene expression cassette and two copies of VIP1 gene expression cassette were included. EHA101 Agrobacterium strain harboring the final construct was applied to transform soybean (Glycine max) cotyledon nodes. Through 2 - 3 months regeneration and selection on 3 - 5mg/L glufosinate containing medium, transgenic soybean plants were confirmed to be obtained at 0.83% - 3.16%, and co-transformation efficiency of both gene in the same individual reached up to 86.4%, based on southern blot test. By the analysis of PCR, southern blot and northern blot combining with leaf painting of herbicide in T1 progenies, 41 plants were confirmed to be eliminated of bar gene with the frequency of 7.6% . Among the T1 populations tested, the loss of the alien genes happened in 22.7% lines, the silence of bar gene took place in 27.3% lines, and VIP1 gene silence existed in 37.1% marker-free plants. The result also suggested that the plasmid with three T-DNAs might be an ideal vector to generate maker-free genetic modified organism.

In Situ Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Study on Phase and Oxide Growth during a High Temperature Cycle of a NiTi-20 at.% Zr High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carl, Matthew; Van Doren, Brian; Young, Marcus L.

2018-03-01

Ternary additions to binary NiTi shape memory alloys are known to significantly affect the characteristic martensite-to-austenite phase transformation, i.e., decrease or increase transformation temperatures. High temperature shape memory alloys can be created by adding Au, Pt, Pd, Hf, or Zr to binary NiTi in appropriate amounts; however, the majority of these ternary additions are exceedingly expensive, unfortunately making them impractical for most commercial applications. Zr is the exception of the group, but it is often disregarded because of its poor workability and thermal stability. In an effort to find a temperature range that allows for the potential workability of NiTiZr alloys in normal atmosphere environments and to gain understanding as to the cause of failure during processing, a NiTi-20 at.% Zr was subjected to a thermal cycle ranging from RT to 1000 °C with short 15 min holds at select temperatures during both heating and cooling while simultaneously collecting high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements. This study provides valuable insight into the kinetics of precipitation and oxide formation and its relationship to processing. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was performed on five samples, each isothermally held to examine precipitation and oxide structure and growth.

In Situ Synchrotron Radiation X-ray Diffraction Study on Phase and Oxide Growth during a High Temperature Cycle of a NiTi-20 at.% Zr High Temperature Shape Memory Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carl, Matthew; Van Doren, Brian; Young, Marcus L.

2018-02-01

Ternary additions to binary NiTi shape memory alloys are known to significantly affect the characteristic martensite-to-austenite phase transformation, i.e., decrease or increase transformation temperatures. High temperature shape memory alloys can be created by adding Au, Pt, Pd, Hf, or Zr to binary NiTi in appropriate amounts; however, the majority of these ternary additions are exceedingly expensive, unfortunately making them impractical for most commercial applications. Zr is the exception of the group, but it is often disregarded because of its poor workability and thermal stability. In an effort to find a temperature range that allows for the potential workability of NiTiZr alloys in normal atmosphere environments and to gain understanding as to the cause of failure during processing, a NiTi-20 at.% Zr was subjected to a thermal cycle ranging from RT to 1000 °C with short 15 min holds at select temperatures during both heating and cooling while simultaneously collecting high-energy synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction measurements. This study provides valuable insight into the kinetics of precipitation and oxide formation and its relationship to processing. In addition, scanning electron microscopy was performed on five samples, each isothermally held to examine precipitation and oxide structure and growth.

An Improved Single-Step Cloning Strategy Simplifies the Agrobacterium tumefaciens-Mediated Transformation (ATMT)-Based Gene-Disruption Method for Verticillium dahliae.

PubMed

Wang, Sheng; Xing, Haiying; Hua, Chenlei; Guo, Hui-Shan; Zhang, Jie

2016-06-01

The soilborne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahliae infects a broad range of plant species to cause severe diseases. The availability of Verticillium genome sequences has provided opportunities for large-scale investigations of individual gene function in Verticillium strains using Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation (ATMT)-based gene-disruption strategies. Traditional ATMT vectors require multiple cloning steps and elaborate characterization procedures to achieve successful gene replacement; thus, these vectors are not suitable for high-throughput ATMT-based gene deletion. Several advancements have been made that either involve simplification of the steps required for gene-deletion vector construction or increase the efficiency of the technique for rapid recombinant characterization. However, an ATMT binary vector that is both simple and efficient is still lacking. Here, we generated a USER-ATMT dual-selection (DS) binary vector, which combines both the advantages of the USER single-step cloning technique and the efficiency of the herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase negative-selection marker. Highly efficient deletion of three different genes in V. dahliae using the USER-ATMT-DS vector enabled verification that this newly-generated vector not only facilitates the cloning process but also simplifies the subsequent identification of fungal homologous recombinants. The results suggest that the USER-ATMT-DS vector is applicable for efficient gene deletion and suitable for large-scale gene deletion in V. dahliae.

Solvation dynamics of tryptophan in water-dimethyl sulfoxide binary mixture: in search of molecular origin of composition dependent multiple anomalies.

PubMed

Roy, Susmita; Bagchi, Biman

2013-07-21

Experimental and simulation studies have uncovered at least two anomalous concentration regimes in water-dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) binary mixture whose precise origin has remained a subject of debate. In order to facilitate time domain experimental investigation of the dynamics of such binary mixtures, we explore strength or extent of influence of these anomalies in dipolar solvation dynamics by carrying out long molecular dynamics simulations over a wide range of DMSO concentration. The solvation time correlation function so calculated indeed displays strong composition dependent anomalies, reflected in pronounced non-exponential kinetics and non-monotonous composition dependence of the average solvation time constant. In particular, we find remarkable slow-down in the solvation dynamics around 10%-20% and 35%-50% mole percentage. We investigate microscopic origin of these two anomalies. The population distribution analyses of different structural morphology elucidate that these two slowing down are reflections of intriguing structural transformations in water-DMSO mixture. The structural transformations themselves can be explained in terms of a change in the relative coordination number of DMSO and water molecules, from 1DMSO:2H2O to 1H2O:1DMSO and 1H2O:2DMSO complex formation. Thus, while the emergence of first slow down (at 15% DMSO mole percentage) is due to the percolation among DMSO molecules supported by the water molecules (whose percolating network remains largely unaffected), the 2nd anomaly (centered on 40%-50%) is due to the formation of the network structure where the unit of 1DMSO:1H2O and 2DMSO:1H2O dominates to give rise to rich dynamical features. Through an analysis of partial solvation dynamics an interesting negative cross-correlation between water and DMSO is observed that makes an important contribution to relaxation at intermediate to longer times.

BdCESA7, BdCESA8, and BdPMT utility promoter constructs for targeted expression to secondary cell-wall-forming cells of grasses

DOE PAGES

Petrik, Deborah L.; Cass, Cynthia L.; Padmakshan, Dharshana; ...

2016-02-04

Utility vectors with promoters that confer desired spatial and temporal expression patterns are useful tools for studying gene and cellular function and for industrial applications. To target the expression of DNA sequences of interest to cells forming plant secondary cell walls, which generate most of the vegetative biomass, upstream regulatory sequences of the Brachypodium distachyon lignin biosynthetic gene BdPMT and the cellulose synthase genes BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 were isolated and cloned into binary vectors designed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots. Expression patterns were assessed using the β-glucuronidase gene GUSPlus and X-glucuronide staining. All three promoters showed strong expression levels inmore » stem tissue at the base of internodes where cell wall deposition is most active, in both vascular bundle xylem vessels and tracheids, and in interfascicular tissues, with expression less pronounced in developmentally older tissues. In leaves, BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 promoter-driven expression was strongest in leaf veins, leaf margins, and trichomes; relatively weaker and patchy expression was observed in the epidermis. BdPMT promoter-driven expression was similar to the BdCESA promoters expression patterns, including strong expression in trichomes. The intensity and extent of GUS staining varied considerably between transgenic lines, suggesting that positional effects influenced promoter activity. Introducing the BdPMT and BdCESA8 Open Reading Frames into BdPMT and BdCESA8 utility promoter binary vectors, respectively, and transforming those constructs into Brachypodium pmt and cesa8 loss-of-function mutants resulted in rescue of the corresponding mutant phenotypes. This work therefore validates the functionality of these utility promoter binary vectors for use in Brachypodium and likely other grass species. Lastly, the identification, in Bdcesa8-1 T-DNA mutant stems, of an 80% reduction in crystalline cellulose levels confirms that the BdCESA8 gene is a secondary-cell-wall-forming cellulose synthase.« less

BdCESA7, BdCESA8, and BdPMT utility promoter constructs for targeted expression to secondary cell-wall-forming cells of grasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petrik, Deborah L.; Cass, Cynthia L.; Padmakshan, Dharshana

Utility vectors with promoters that confer desired spatial and temporal expression patterns are useful tools for studying gene and cellular function and for industrial applications. To target the expression of DNA sequences of interest to cells forming plant secondary cell walls, which generate most of the vegetative biomass, upstream regulatory sequences of the Brachypodium distachyon lignin biosynthetic gene BdPMT and the cellulose synthase genes BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 were isolated and cloned into binary vectors designed for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of monocots. Expression patterns were assessed using the β-glucuronidase gene GUSPlus and X-glucuronide staining. All three promoters showed strong expression levels inmore » stem tissue at the base of internodes where cell wall deposition is most active, in both vascular bundle xylem vessels and tracheids, and in interfascicular tissues, with expression less pronounced in developmentally older tissues. In leaves, BdCESA7 and BdCESA8 promoter-driven expression was strongest in leaf veins, leaf margins, and trichomes; relatively weaker and patchy expression was observed in the epidermis. BdPMT promoter-driven expression was similar to the BdCESA promoters expression patterns, including strong expression in trichomes. The intensity and extent of GUS staining varied considerably between transgenic lines, suggesting that positional effects influenced promoter activity. Introducing the BdPMT and BdCESA8 Open Reading Frames into BdPMT and BdCESA8 utility promoter binary vectors, respectively, and transforming those constructs into Brachypodium pmt and cesa8 loss-of-function mutants resulted in rescue of the corresponding mutant phenotypes. This work therefore validates the functionality of these utility promoter binary vectors for use in Brachypodium and likely other grass species. Lastly, the identification, in Bdcesa8-1 T-DNA mutant stems, of an 80% reduction in crystalline cellulose levels confirms that the BdCESA8 gene is a secondary-cell-wall-forming cellulose synthase.« less

Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of finger millet (Eleusine coracana (L.) Gaertn.) using shoot apex explants.

PubMed

Ceasar, S Antony; Ignacimuthu, S

2011-09-01

A new Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system was developed for finger millet using shoot apex explants. The Agrobacterium strain LBA4404 harboring binary vector pCAMBIA1301, which contained hygromycin phosphotransferase (hptII) as selectable marker gene and β-glucuronidase (GUS) as reporter gene, was used for optimization of transformation conditions. Two finger millet genotypes, GPU 45 and CO 14, were used in this study. The optimal conditions for the Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of finger millet were found to be the co-cultivation of explants obtained on the 16th day after callus induction (DACI), exposure of explants for 30 min to agrobacterial inoculum and 3 days of co-cultivation on filter paper placed on medium supplemented with 100 μM acetosyringone (AS). Addition of 100 μM L: -cysteine in the selection medium enhanced the frequency of transformation and transgenic plant recovery. Both finger millet genotypes were transformed by Agrobacterium. A frequency of 19% transient expression with 3.8% stable transformation was achieved in genotype GPU 45 using optimal conditions. Five stably transformed plants were fully characterized by Southern blot analysis. A segregation analysis was also performed in four R(1) progenies, which showed normal Mendelian pattern of transgene segregation. The inheritance of transgenes in R(1) progenies was also confirmed by Southern blot analysis. This is the first report on Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of finger millet. This study underpins the introduction of numerous agronomically important genes into the genome of finger millet in the future.

The synergistic induction of bone formation by the osteogenic proteins of the TGF-β supergene family.

PubMed

Ripamonti, Ugo; Parak, Ruqayya; Klar, Roland M; Dickens, Caroline; Dix-Peek, Thérèse; Duarte, Raquel

2016-10-01

The momentum to compose this Leading Opinion on the synergistic induction of bone formation suddenly arose when a simple question was formulated during a discussion session on how to boost the often limited induction of bone formation seen in clinical contexts. Re-examination of morphological and molecular data available on the rapid induction of bone formation by the recombinant human transforming growth factor-β3 (hTGF-β3) shows that hTGF-β3 replicates the synergistic induction of bone formation as invocated by binary applications of hOP-1:hTGF-β1 at 20:1 by weight when implanted in heterotopic sites of the rectus abdominis muscle of the Chacma baboon, Papio ursinus. The rapid induction of bone formation in primates by hTGF-β3 may stem from bursts of cladistic evolution, now redundant in lower animal species but still activated in primates by relatively high doses of hTGF-β3. Contrary to rodents, lagomorphs and canines, the three mammalian TGF-β isoforms induce rapid and substantial bone formation when implanted in heterotopic rectus abdominis muscle sites of P. ursinus, with unprecedented regeneration of full thickness mandibular defects with rapid mineralization and corticalization. Provocatively, thus providing potential molecular and biological rationales for the apparent redundancy of osteogenic molecular signals in primates, binary applications of recombinant human osteogenic protein-1 (hOP-1) with low doses of hTGF-β1 and -β3, synergize to induce massive ossicles in heterotopic rectus abdominis, orthotopic calvarial and mandibular sites of P. ursinus. The synergistic binary application of homologous but molecularly different soluble molecular signals has indicated that per force several secreted molecular signals are required singly, synchronously and synergistically to induce optimal osteogenesis. The morphological hallmark of the synergistic induction of bone formation is the rapid differentiation of large osteoid seams enveloping haematopoietic bone marrow that forms by day 15 in heterotopic rectus abdominis sites. Synergistic binary applications also induce the morphogenesis of rudimentary embryonic growth plates indicating that the "memory" of developmental events in embryo can be redeployed postnatally by the application of morphogen combinations. Synergistic binary applications or single relatively high doses of hTGF-β3 have shown that hTGF-β3 induces bone by expressing a variety of inductive morphogenetic proteins that result in the rapid induction of bone formation. Tissue induction thus invocated singly by hTGF-β3 recapitulates the synergistic induction of bone formation by binary applications of hTGF-β1 and -β3 isoforms with hOP-1. Both synergistic strategies result in the rapid induction and expansion of the transformed mesenchymal tissue into large corticalized heterotopic ossicles with osteoblast-like cell differentiation at the periphery of the implanted reconstituted specimens with "tissue transfiguration" in vivo. Molecularly, the rapid induction of bone formation by binary applications of hOP-1 and hTGF-β3 or by hTGF-β3 applied singly resides in the up-regulation of selected genes involved in tissue induction and morphogenesis, Osteocalcin, RUNX-2, OP-1, TGF-β1 and -β3 with however the noted lack of TGF-β2 up-regulation. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Optical image transformation and encryption by phase-retrieval-based double random-phase encoding and compressive ghost imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yuan, Sheng; Yang, Yangrui; Liu, Xuemei; Zhou, Xin; Wei, Zhenzhuo

2018-01-01

An optical image transformation and encryption scheme is proposed based on double random-phase encoding (DRPE) and compressive ghost imaging (CGI) techniques. In this scheme, a secret image is first transformed into a binary image with the phase-retrieval-based DRPE technique, and then encoded by a series of random amplitude patterns according to the ghost imaging (GI) principle. Compressive sensing, corrosion and expansion operations are implemented to retrieve the secret image in the decryption process. This encryption scheme takes the advantage of complementary capabilities offered by the phase-retrieval-based DRPE and GI-based encryption techniques. That is the phase-retrieval-based DRPE is used to overcome the blurring defect of the decrypted image in the GI-based encryption, and the CGI not only reduces the data amount of the ciphertext, but also enhances the security of DRPE. Computer simulation results are presented to verify the performance of the proposed encryption scheme.

Zeroth-order phase-contrast technique.

PubMed

Pizolato, José Carlos; Cirino, Giuseppe Antonio; Gonçalves, Cristhiane; Neto, Luiz Gonçalves

2007-11-01

What we believe to be a new phase-contrast technique is proposed to recover intensity distributions from phase distributions modulated by spatial light modulators (SLMs) and binary diffractive optical elements (DOEs). The phase distribution is directly transformed into intensity distributions using a 4f optical correlator and an iris centered in the frequency plane as a spatial filter. No phase-changing plates or phase dielectric dots are used as a filter. This method allows the use of twisted nematic liquid-crystal televisions (LCTVs) operating in the real-time phase-mostly regime mode between 0 and p to generate high-intensity multiple beams for optical trap applications. It is also possible to use these LCTVs as input SLMs for optical correlators to obtain high-intensity Fourier transform distributions of input amplitude objects.

The design and testing of a novel mechanomyogram-driven switch controlled by small eyebrow movements

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Individuals with severe physical disabilities and minimal motor behaviour may be unable to use conventional mechanical switches for access. These persons may benefit from access technologies that harness the volitional activity of muscles. In this study, we describe the design and demonstrate the performance of a binary switch controlled by mechanomyogram (MMG) signals recorded from the frontalis muscle during eyebrow movements. Methods Muscle contractions, detected in real-time with a continuous wavelet transform algorithm, were used to control a binary switch for computer access. The automatic selection of scale-specific thresholds reduced the effect of artefact, such as eye blinks and head movement, on the performance of the switch. Switch performance was estimated by cued response-tests performed by eleven participants (one with severe physical disabilities). Results The average sensitivity and specificity of the switch was 99.7 ± 0.4% and 99.9 ± 0.1%, respectively. The algorithm performance was robust against typical participant movement. Conclusions The results suggest that the frontalis muscle is a suitable site for controlling the MMG-driven switch. The high accuracies combined with the minimal requisite effort and training show that MMG is a promising binary control signal. Further investigation of the potential benefits of MMG-control for the target population is warranted. PMID:20492680

The design and testing of a novel mechanomyogram-driven switch controlled by small eyebrow movements.

PubMed

Alves, Natasha; Chau, Tom

2010-05-21

Individuals with severe physical disabilities and minimal motor behaviour may be unable to use conventional mechanical switches for access. These persons may benefit from access technologies that harness the volitional activity of muscles. In this study, we describe the design and demonstrate the performance of a binary switch controlled by mechanomyogram (MMG) signals recorded from the frontalis muscle during eyebrow movements. Muscle contractions, detected in real-time with a continuous wavelet transform algorithm, were used to control a binary switch for computer access. The automatic selection of scale-specific thresholds reduced the effect of artefact, such as eye blinks and head movement, on the performance of the switch. Switch performance was estimated by cued response-tests performed by eleven participants (one with severe physical disabilities). The average sensitivity and specificity of the switch was 99.7 +/- 0.4% and 99.9 +/- 0.1%, respectively. The algorithm performance was robust against typical participant movement. The results suggest that the frontalis muscle is a suitable site for controlling the MMG-driven switch. The high accuracies combined with the minimal requisite effort and training show that MMG is a promising binary control signal. Further investigation of the potential benefits of MMG-control for the target population is warranted.

When does an old nova become a dwarf nova? Kinematics and age of the nova shell of the dwarf nova AT Cancri

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shara, Michael M.; Drissen, Laurent; Martin, Thomas; Alarie, Alexandre; Stephenson, F. Richard

2017-02-01

The Z Cam-type dwarf nova AT Cancri (AT Cnc) displays a classical nova (CN) shell, demonstrating that mass transfer in cataclysmic binaries decreases substantially after a CN eruption. The hibernation scenario of cataclysmic binaries predicts such a decrease, on a time-scale of a few centuries. In order to measure the time since AT Cnc's last CN eruption, we have measured the radial velocities of a hundred clumps in its ejecta with SITELLE, Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope's recently commissioned imaging Fourier transform spectrometer. These range from -455 to +490 km s-1. Coupled with the known distance to AT Cnc of 460 pc, the size of AT Cnc's shell, and a simple model of nova ejecta deceleration, we determine that the last CN eruption of this system occurred 330_{-90}^{+135} yr ago. This is the most rapid transition from a high mass-transfer rate, nova-like variable to a low mass-transfer rate, dwarf nova yet measured, and in accord with the hibernation scenario of cataclysmic binaries. We conclude by noting the similarity in the deduced outburst date (within a century of 1686 CE) of AT Cnc to a `guest star' reported in the constellation Cancer by Korean observers in 1645 CE.

Metastable phase in binary and ternary 12-carat gold alloys at low temperature

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lamiri, Imene; Abdelbaky, Mohammed S. M.; Hamana, Djamel; García-Granda, Santiago

2018-04-01

Low temperature phase transitions in 12-carat gold alloys have been investigated for binary Au-Cu and ternary Au-Cu-Ag compositions. The thermal analyses investigations using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the dilatometry were performed in the 50–300 °C temperature range in order to detect the structural transformations. The thermal analyses were carried out on annealed samples at 700 °C for two hour followed by water quenching. They reveal an important new reaction for both used compositions and both thermal techniques confirm each other. This reaction has been assessed as pre-ordering reaction. SEM and STM imaging were performed on annealed samples at 700 °C for two hours and water quenched followed by a heating from room temperature up to the temperature of the new peaks obtained in the thermal study. The imaging reveals the relationship between the pre-ordering reaction and the surface aspect presented in the fact of dendrite precipitates. A series of SEM observation have been performed in order to follow the kinetic of the observed precipitates by the way of several series of heating up, from 140 to 220 °C for the binary composition and from 100 to 180 °C for the ternary composition. Furthermore, this study shows that the silver accelerates the ordering reaction.

Organic alloy systems suitable for the investigation of regular binary and ternary eutectic growth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sturz, L.; Witusiewicz, V. T.; Hecht, U.; Rex, S.

2004-09-01

Transparent organic alloys showing a plastic crystal phase were investigated experimentally using differential scanning calorimetry and directional solidification with respect to find a suitable model system for regular ternary eutectic growth. The temperature, enthalpy and entropy of phase transitions have been determined for a number of pure substances. A distinction of substances with and without plastic crystal phases was made from their entropy of melting. Binary phase diagrams were determined for selected plastic crystal alloys with the aim to identify eutectic reactions. Examples for lamellar and rod-like eutectic solidification microstructures in binary systems are given. The system (D)Camphor-Neopentylglycol-Succinonitrile is identified as a system that exhibits, among others, univariant and a nonvariant eutectic reaction. The ternary eutectic alloy close to the nonvariant eutectic composition solidifies with a partially faceted solid-liquid interface. However, by adding a small amount of Amino-Methyl-Propanediol (AMPD), the temperature of the nonvariant eutectic reaction and of the solid state transformation from plastic to crystalline state are shifted such, that regular eutectic growth with three distinct nonfaceted phases is observed in univariant eutectic reaction for the first time. The ternary phase diagram and examples for eutectic microstructures in the ternary and the quaternary eutectic alloy are given.

Molecular investigation on the binding of Cd(II) by the binary mixtures of montmorillonite with two bacterial species

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Du, Huihui; Qu, ChenChen; Liu, Jing

Bacteria and phyllosilicate commonly coexist in the natural environment, producing various bacteria–clay complexes that are capable of immobilizing heavy metals, such as cadmium, via adsorption. However, the molecular binding mechanisms of heavy metals on these complex aggregates still remain poorly understood. This study investigated Cd adsorption on Gram-positive B. subtilis, Gram-negative P. putida and their binary mixtures with montmorillonite (Mont) using the Cd K-edge x-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC). We observed a lower adsorptive capacity for P. putida than B. subtilis, whereas P. putida–Mont and B. subtilis–Mont mixtures showed nearly identical Cd adsorption behaviors. EXAFS fitsmore » and ITC measurements demonstrated more phosphoryl binding of Cd in P. putida. The decreased coordination of C atoms around Cd and the reduced adsorption enthalpies and entropies for the binary mixtures compared to that for individual bacteria suggested that the bidentate Cd-carboxyl complexes in pure bacteria systems were probably transformed into monodentate complexes that acted as ionic bridging structure between bacteria and motmorillonite. This study clarified the binding mechanism of Cd at the bacteria–phyllosilicate interfaces from a molecular and thermodynamic view, which has an environmental significance for predicting the chemical behavior of trace elements in complex mineral–organic systems.« less

Simultaneous adsorption of Cu2+ and Acid fuchsin (AF) from aqueous solutions by CMC/bentonite composite.

PubMed

Gong, Ning; Liu, Yanping; Huang, Ruihua

2018-04-21

Carboxymethyl-chitosan (CMC)/bentonite composite was prepared by the method of membrane-forming, and characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The simultaneous adsorption of Cu 2+ and Acid fuchsin (AF) applying CMC/bentonite composite as an adsorbent in single or binary systems was investigated. The adsorption study was conducted systematically by varying the ratio of CMC to bentonite, adsorbent dosage, initial pH value, initial Cu 2+ (or AF) concentration, contact time and the interaction of two components in binary solutions. The results showed that the presence of Cu 2+ hindered the adsorption of AF, while the presence of AF almost had no influence on the adsorption of Cu 2+ in binary systems. The adsorption data of Cu 2+ and AF were both suitable for Langmuir isotherm model, and the maximum adsorption capacities of CMC/bentonite composite, according to the Langmuir isotherm model were 81.4 mg/g for Cu 2+ and 253.2 mg/g for AF at 298 K. The pseudo-second-order model could better describe the adsorption process of Cu 2+ and AF. Thermodynamic constant values illustrated that the adsorption of Cu 2+ was endothermic, while the adsorption process of AF was exothermic. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Decoding of the light changes in eclipsing Wolf-Rayet binaries. I. A non-classical approach to the solution of light curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perrier, C.; Breysacher, J.; Rauw, G.

2009-09-01

Aims: We present a technique to determine the orbital and physical parameters of eclipsing eccentric Wolf-Rayet + O-star binaries, where one eclipse is produced by the absorption of the O-star light by the stellar wind of the W-R star. Methods: Our method is based on the use of the empirical moments of the light curve that are integral transforms evaluated from the observed light curves. The optical depth along the line of sight and the limb darkening of the W-R star are modelled by simple mathematical functions, and we derive analytical expressions for the moments of the light curve as a function of the orbital parameters and the key parameters of the transparency and limb-darkening functions. These analytical expressions are then inverted in order to derive the values of the orbital inclination, the stellar radii, the fractional luminosities, and the parameters of the wind transparency and limb-darkening laws. Results: The method is applied to the SMC W-R eclipsing binary HD 5980, a remarkable object that underwent an LBV-like event in August 1994. The analysis refers to the pre-outburst observational data. A synthetic light curve based on the elements derived for the system allows a quality assessment of the results obtained.

Identification of the High-energy Gamma-Ray Source 3FGL J1544.6-1125 as a Transitional Millisecond Pulsar Binary in an Accreting State

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bogdanov, Slavko; Halpern, Jules P.

2015-04-01

We present X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical observations of 1RXS J154439.4-112820, the most probable counterpart of the unassociated Fermi-LAT source 3FGL J1544.6-1125. The optical data reveal rapid variability, which is a feature of accreting systems. The X-rays exhibit large-amplitude variations in the form of fast switching (within ˜10 s) between two distinct flux levels that differ by a factor of ≈10. The detailed optical and X-ray behavior is virtually identical to that seen in the accretion-disk-dominated states of the transitional millisecond pulsar (MSP) binaries PSR J1023+0038 and XSS J12270-4859, which are also associated with γ-ray sources. Based on the available observational evidence, we conclude that 1RXS J154439.4-112820 and 3FGL J1544.6-1125 are the same object, with the X-rays arising from intermittent low-luminosity accretion onto an MSP and the γ-rays originating from an accretion-driven outflow. 1RXS J154439.4-112820 is only the fourth γ-ray-emitting low-mass X-ray binary system to be identified and is likely to sporadically undergo transformations to a non-accreting rotation-powered pulsar system.

Use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 18r12v and paromomycin selection for transformation of Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium sylvaticum

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Collier, Ray; Bragg, Jennifer; Hernandez, Bryan T.

In this study, the genetic transformation of monocot grasses is a resource intensive process, the quality and efficiency of which is dependent in part upon the method of DNA introduction, as well as the ability to effectively separate transformed from wildtype tissue. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium has relied mainly on Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1. Currently the antibiotic hygromycin B has been the selective agent of choice for robust identification of transgenic calli in Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium sylvaticum but few other chemicals have been shown to work as well for selection of transgenic Brachypodium cells in tissue culture. This studymore » demonstrates that Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 18r12v and paromomycin selection can be successfully used for the efficient generation of transgenic B. distachyon and B. sylvaticurn. Additionally we observed that the transformation rates were similar to or higher than those obtained with A. turnefaciens strain AGL1 and hygromycin selection. The A. rhizogenes strain 18r12v harboring the pARS1 binary vector and paromomycin selection is an effective means of generating transgenic Brachypodium plants. This novel approach will facilitate the transgenic complementation of T-DNA knockout mutants of B. distachyon which were created using hygromycin selection, as well as aid the implementation of more complex genome manipulation strategies which require multiple rounds of transformation.« less

Use of Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 18r12v and paromomycin selection for transformation of Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium sylvaticum

DOE PAGES

Collier, Ray; Bragg, Jennifer; Hernandez, Bryan T.; ...

2016-05-24

In this study, the genetic transformation of monocot grasses is a resource intensive process, the quality and efficiency of which is dependent in part upon the method of DNA introduction, as well as the ability to effectively separate transformed from wildtype tissue. Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Brachypodium has relied mainly on Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain AGL1. Currently the antibiotic hygromycin B has been the selective agent of choice for robust identification of transgenic calli in Brachypodium distachyon and Brachypodium sylvaticum but few other chemicals have been shown to work as well for selection of transgenic Brachypodium cells in tissue culture. This studymore » demonstrates that Agrobacterium rhizogenes strain 18r12v and paromomycin selection can be successfully used for the efficient generation of transgenic B. distachyon and B. sylvaticurn. Additionally we observed that the transformation rates were similar to or higher than those obtained with A. turnefaciens strain AGL1 and hygromycin selection. The A. rhizogenes strain 18r12v harboring the pARS1 binary vector and paromomycin selection is an effective means of generating transgenic Brachypodium plants. This novel approach will facilitate the transgenic complementation of T-DNA knockout mutants of B. distachyon which were created using hygromycin selection, as well as aid the implementation of more complex genome manipulation strategies which require multiple rounds of transformation.« less

Devil's vortex Fresnel lens phase masks on an asymmetric cryptosystem based on phase-truncation in gyrator wavelet transform domain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Singh, Hukum

2016-06-01

An asymmetric scheme has been proposed for optical double images encryption in the gyrator wavelet transform (GWT) domain. Grayscale and binary images are encrypted separately using double random phase encoding (DRPE) in the GWT domain. Phase masks based on devil's vortex Fresnel Lens (DVFLs) and random phase masks (RPMs) are jointly used in spatial as well as in the Fourier plane. The images to be encrypted are first gyrator transformed and then single-level discrete wavelet transformed (DWT) to decompose LL , HL , LH and HH matrices of approximation, horizontal, vertical and diagonal coefficients. The resulting coefficients from the DWT are multiplied by other RPMs and the results are applied to inverse discrete wavelet transform (IDWT) for obtaining the encrypted images. The images are recovered from their corresponding encrypted images by using the correct parameters of the GWT, DVFL and its digital implementation has been performed using MATLAB 7.6.0 (R2008a). The mother wavelet family, DVFL and gyrator transform orders associated with the GWT are extra keys that cause difficulty to an attacker. Thus, the scheme is more secure as compared to conventional techniques. The efficacy of the proposed scheme is verified by computing mean-squared-error (MSE) between recovered and the original images. The sensitivity of the proposed scheme is verified with encryption parameters and noise attacks.

Discontinuous and continuous hardening processes in calcium and calcium—tin micro-alloyed lead: influence of 'secondary-lead' impurities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bouirden, L.; Hilger, J. P.; Hertz, J.

Different transformations in leadcalcium and leadcaciumtin alloys are observed with various complementary techniques such as anisothermal microcalorimetry, optical and electronic microscopy, hardness measurements. Three alloy states are studied: as-cast, rehomogenised/water-quenched, rehomogenised/air-cooled. With binary leadcalcium alloys, three successive discontinuous transformations are observed, namely: an initial and complete discontinuous transformation with regular moving of the front of reaction; a second and incomplete discontinuous transformation (puzzle-shaped); a third and incomplete discontinuous transformation with precipitation of Pb 3Ca. The role of secondary-lead impurities is complex: Ag reduces and Bi accelerates the rate of the discontinuous reaction, while Al refines the grain size. Leadcalciumtin are characterized by the Sn/Ca ratio. For very small values of this ratio, the hardening is similar to that of leadcalcium alloys. For high ratio values, the hardening takes place after an incubation period and proceeds via a continuous micro-precipitation of the (PbSn) 3Ca Compound. For intermediate ratios, the different processes are able to operate separately in sequence. Ag increases the rate of the continuous precipitation and reduces the incubation time. No significant effects are observed with Bi or Al. The kinetic laws of the different transformations are presented and values for the energy of activation are determined.

Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of yam (Dioscorea rotundata): an important tool for functional study of genes and crop improvement

PubMed Central

Nyaboga, Evans; Tripathi, Jaindra N.; Manoharan, Rajesh; Tripathi, Leena

2014-01-01

Although genetic transformation of clonally propagated crops has been widely studied as a tool for crop improvement and as a vital part of the development of functional genomics resources, there has been no report of any existing Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of yam (Dioscorea spp.) with evidence of stable integration of T-DNA. Yam is an important crop in the tropics and subtropics providing food security and income to over 300 million people. However, yam production remains constrained by increasing levels of field and storage pests and diseases. A major constraint to the development of biotechnological approaches for yam improvement has been the lack of an efficient and robust transformation and regeneration system. In this study, we developed an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Dioscorea rotundata using axillary buds as explants. Two cultivars of D. rotundata were transformed using Agrobacterium tumefaciens harboring the binary vectors containing selectable marker and reporter genes. After selection with appropriate concentrations of antibiotic, shoots were developed on shoot induction and elongation medium. The elongated antibiotic-resistant shoots were subsequently rooted on medium supplemented with selection agent. Successful transformation was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction, Southern blot analysis, and reporter genes assay. Expression of gusA gene in transgenic plants was also verified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction analysis. Transformation efficiency varied from 9.4 to 18.2% depending on the cultivars, selectable marker genes, and the Agrobacterium strain used for transformation. It took 3–4 months from Agro-infection to regeneration of complete transgenic plant. Here we report an efficient, fast and reproducible protocol for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of D. rotundata using axillary buds as explants, which provides a useful platform for future genetic engineering studies in this economically important crop. PMID:25309562

Template protection and its implementation in 3D face recognition systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Xuebing

2007-04-01

As biometric recognition systems are widely applied in various application areas, security and privacy risks have recently attracted the attention of the biometric community. Template protection techniques prevent stored reference data from revealing private biometric information and enhance the security of biometrics systems against attacks such as identity theft and cross matching. This paper concentrates on a template protection algorithm that merges methods from cryptography, error correction coding and biometrics. The key component of the algorithm is to convert biometric templates into binary vectors. It is shown that the binary vectors should be robust, uniformly distributed, statistically independent and collision-free so that authentication performance can be optimized and information leakage can be avoided. Depending on statistical character of the biometric template, different approaches for transforming biometric templates into compact binary vectors are presented. The proposed methods are integrated into a 3D face recognition system and tested on the 3D facial images of the FRGC database. It is shown that the resulting binary vectors provide an authentication performance that is similar to the original 3D face templates. A high security level is achieved with reasonable false acceptance and false rejection rates of the system, based on an efficient statistical analysis. The algorithm estimates the statistical character of biometric templates from a number of biometric samples in the enrollment database. For the FRGC 3D face database, the small distinction of robustness and discriminative power between the classification results under the assumption of uniquely distributed templates and the ones under the assumption of Gaussian distributed templates is shown in our tests.

Accelerated defect visualization of microelectronic systems using binary search with fixed pitch-catch distance laser ultrasonic scanning

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Park, Byeongjin; Sohn, Hoon

2018-04-01

The practicality of laser ultrasonic scanning is limited because scanning at a high spatial resolution demands a prohibitively long scanning time. Inspired by binary search, an accelerated defect visualization technique is developed to visualize defect with a reduced scanning time. The pitch-catch distance between the excitation point and the sensing point is also fixed during scanning to maintain a high signal-to-noise ratio of measured ultrasonic responses. The approximate defect boundary is identified by examining the interactions between ultrasonic waves and defect observed at the scanning points that are sparsely selected by a binary search algorithm. Here, a time-domain laser ultrasonic response is transformed into a spatial ultrasonic domain response using a basis pursuit approach so that the interactions between ultrasonic waves and defect can be better identified in the spatial ultrasonic domain. Then, the area inside the identified defect boundary is visualized as defect. The performance of the proposed defect visualization technique is validated through an experiment on a semiconductor chip. The proposed defect visualization technique accelerates the defect visualization process in three aspects: (1) The number of measurements that is necessary for defect visualization is dramatically reduced by a binary search algorithm; (2) The number of averaging that is necessary to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio is reduced by maintaining the wave propagation distance short; and (3) With the proposed technique, defect can be identified with a lower spatial resolution than the spatial resolution required by full-field wave propagation imaging.

Double-tick realization of binary control program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kobylecki, Michał; Kania, Dariusz

2016-12-01

This paper presents a procedure for the implementation of control algorithms for hardware-bit compatible with the standard IEC61131-3. The described transformation based on the sets of calculus and graphs, allows translation of the original form of the control program to the form in full compliance with the original, giving the architecture represented by two tick. The proposed method enables the efficient implementation of the control bits in the FPGA with the use of a standardized programming language LD.

Nonlinear behaviour of reflectivity of gallium - Silica interface & its applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naruka, Preeti; Bissa, Shivangi

2018-05-01

In this paper Optical properties and nonlinear behaviour of Gallium-Silica Interface is studied. Change in reflectivity of gallium film is explained as a function of thickness of metallic layer and intensity of incident light by using non-thermal mechanism. Here variation of dielectric constant of gallium with temperature is also explained on considering Binary nanoshell model of gallium nanoparticles of spherical shape. In the present paper application of structural phase transformation of gallium is explained as a Grating assisted coupler.

Online Build-Order Optimization for Real-Time Strategy Agents using Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithms

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-27

Their chromosome representation is a binary string of 13 actions or 39 bits. Plans consist of a limited number of build actions for the creation of...injected via case-injection which resembles case-base reasoning. Expert actions are recorded and then transformed into chromosomes for injection into GAPs...sites supply a finite amount of a resource. For example, a gold mine in AOE will disappear after a player’s workers have extracted the finite amount of

Biolistic- and Agrobacterium-mediated transformation protocols for wheat.

PubMed

Tamás-Nyitrai, Cecília; Jones, Huw D; Tamás, László

2012-01-01

After rice, wheat is considered to be the most important world food crop, and the demand for high-quality wheat flour is increasing. Although there are no GM varieties currently grown, wheat is an important target for biotechnology, and we anticipate that GM wheat will be commercially available in 10-15 years. In this chapter, we summarize the main features and challenges of wheat transformation and then describe detailed protocols for the production of transgenic wheat plants both by biolistic and Agrobacterium-mediated DNA-delivery. Although these methods are used mainly for bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), they can also be successfully applied, with slight modifications, to tetraploid durum wheat (T. turgidum L. var. durum). The appropriate size and developmental stage of explants (immature embryo-derived scutella), the conditions to produce embryogenic callus tissues, and the methods to regenerate transgenic plants under increasing selection pressure are provided in the protocol. To illustrate the application of herbicide selection system, we have chosen to describe the use of the plasmid pAHC25 for biolistic transformation, while for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation the binary vector pAL156 (incorporating both the bar gene and the uidA gene) has been chosen. Beside the step-by-step methodology for obtaining stably transformed and normal fertile plants, procedures for screening and testing transgenic wheat plants are also discussed.

Evaluation of agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Agaricus bisporus using a range of promoters linked to hygromycin resistance.

PubMed

Burns, C; Leach, K M; Elliott, T J; Challen, M P; Foster, G D; Bailey, A

2006-02-01

There is interest in establishing genetic modification technologies for the cultivated mushroom Agaricus bisporus, both for improved crop characteristics and for molecular pharming. For these methods to be successful, it is necessary to establish a set of transformation systems that include robust and reliable vectors for gene manipulation. In this article, we report the evaluation of a series of promoters for driving expression of the Escherichia coli hph gene encoding hygromycin phosphotransferase. This was achieved using the Aspergillus nidulans gpdA and the A. bisporus gpdII and trp2 promoters. The Coprinus cinereus beta-tubulin promoter gave contrasting results depending on the size of promoter used, with a 393-bp region being effective, whereas the longer 453-bp fragment failed to yield any hygromycin-resistant transformants. The C. cinereus trp1 and the A. bisporus lcc1 promoters both failed to yield transformants. We also show that transformation efficiency may be improved by careful selection of both appropriate Agrobacterium strains, with AGL-1 yielding more than LBA1126 and by the choice of the binary vectors used to mobilize the DNA, with pCAMBIA vectors appearing to be more efficient than either pBIN19- or pGREEN-based systems.

Novel approach for image skeleton and distance transformation parallel algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Qing, Kent P.; Means, Robert W.

1994-05-01

Image Understanding is more important in medical imaging than ever, particularly where real-time automatic inspection, screening and classification systems are installed. Skeleton and distance transformations are among the common operations that extract useful information from binary images and aid in Image Understanding. The distance transformation describes the objects in an image by labeling every pixel in each object with the distance to its nearest boundary. The skeleton algorithm starts from the distance transformation and finds the set of pixels that have a locally maximum label. The distance algorithm has to scan the entire image several times depending on the object width. For each pixel, the algorithm must access the neighboring pixels and find the maximum distance from the nearest boundary. It is a computational and memory access intensive procedure. In this paper, we propose a novel parallel approach to the distance transform and skeleton algorithms using the latest VLSI high- speed convolutional chips such as HNC's ViP. The algorithm speed is dependent on the object's width and takes (k + [(k-1)/3]) * 7 milliseconds for a 512 X 512 image with k being the maximum distance of the largest object. All objects in the image will be skeletonized at the same time in parallel.

Assessment of factors affecting Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation of the unicellular green alga, Chlorella vulgaris.

PubMed

Cha, Thye San; Yee, Willy; Aziz, Ahmad

2012-04-01

The successful establishment of an Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method and optimisation of six critical parameters known to influence the efficacy of Agrobacterium T-DNA transfer in the unicellular microalga Chlorella vulgaris (UMT-M1) are reported. Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain LBA4404 harbouring the binary vector pCAMBIA1304 containing the gfp:gusA fusion reporter and a hygromycin phosphotransferase (hpt) selectable marker driven by the CaMV35S promoter were used for transformation. Transformation frequency was assessed by monitoring transient β-glucuronidase (GUS) expression 2 days post-infection. It was found that co-cultivation temperature at 24°C, co-cultivation medium at pH 5.5, 3 days of co-cultivation, 150 μM acetosyringone, Agrobacterium density of 1.0 units (OD(600)) and 2 days of pre-culture were optimum variables which produced the highest number of GUS-positive cells (8.8-20.1%) when each of these parameters was optimised individually. Transformation conducted with the combination of all optimal parameters above produced 25.0% of GUS-positive cells, which was almost a threefold increase from 8.9% obtained from un-optimised parameters. Evidence of transformation was further confirmed in 30% of 30 randomly-selected hygromycin B (20 mg L(-1)) resistant colonies by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using gfp:gusA and hpt-specific primers. The developed transformation method is expected to facilitate the genetic improvement of this commercially-important microalga.

Incoherent optical generalized Hough transform: pattern recognition and feature extraction applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fernández, Ariel; Ferrari, José A.

2017-05-01

Pattern recognition and feature extraction are image processing applications of great interest in defect inspection and robot vision among others. In comparison to purely digital methods, the attractiveness of optical processors for pattern recognition lies in their highly parallel operation and real-time processing capability. This work presents an optical implementation of the generalized Hough transform (GHT), a well-established technique for recognition of geometrical features in binary images. Detection of a geometric feature under the GHT is accomplished by mapping the original image to an accumulator space; the large computational requirements for this mapping make the optical implementation an attractive alternative to digital-only methods. We explore an optical setup where the transformation is obtained, and the size and orientation parameters can be controlled, allowing for dynamic scale and orientation-variant pattern recognition. A compact system for the above purposes results from the use of an electrically tunable lens for scale control and a pupil mask implemented on a high-contrast spatial light modulator for orientation/shape variation of the template. Real-time can also be achieved. In addition, by thresholding of the GHT and optically inverse transforming, the previously detected features of interest can be extracted.

Structural Transformation of Diblock Copolymer/Homopolymer Assemblies by Tuning Cylindrical Confinement and Interfacial Interactions.

PubMed

Xu, Jiangping; Wang, Ke; Liang, Ruijing; Yang, Yi; Zhou, Huamin; Xie, Xiaolin; Zhu, Jintao

2015-11-17

In this study, we report the controllable structural transformation of block copolymer/homopolymer binary blends in cylindrical nanopores. Polystyrene-b-poly(4-vinylpyridine)/homopolystyrene (SVP/hPS) nanorods (NRs) can be fabricated by pouring the polymers into an anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) channel and isolated by selective removal of the AAO membrane. In this two-dimensional (2D) confinement, SVP self-assembles into NRs with concentric lamellar structure, and the internal structure can be tailored with the addition of hPS. We show that the weight fraction and molecular weight of hPS and the diameter of the channels can significantly affect the internal structure of the NRs. Moreover, mesoporous materials with tunable pore shape, size, and packing style can be prepared by selective solvent swelling of the structured NRs. In addition, these NRs can transform into spherical structures through solvent-absorption annealing, triggering the conversion from 2D to 3D confinement. More importantly, the transformation dynamics can be tuned by varying the preference property of surfactant to the polymers. It is proven that the shape and internal structure of the polymer particles are dominated by the interfacial interactions governed by the surfactants.

Log-Gabor Weber descriptor for face recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jing; Sang, Nong; Gao, Changxin

2015-09-01

The Log-Gabor transform, which is suitable for analyzing gradually changing data such as in iris and face images, has been widely used in image processing, pattern recognition, and computer vision. In most cases, only the magnitude or phase information of the Log-Gabor transform is considered. However, the complementary effect taken by combining magnitude and phase information simultaneously for an image-feature extraction problem has not been systematically explored in the existing works. We propose a local image descriptor for face recognition, called Log-Gabor Weber descriptor (LGWD). The novelty of our LGWD is twofold: (1) to fully utilize the information from the magnitude or phase feature of multiscale and orientation Log-Gabor transform, we apply the Weber local binary pattern operator to each transform response. (2) The encoded Log-Gabor magnitude and phase information are fused at the feature level by utilizing kernel canonical correlation analysis strategy, considering that feature level information fusion is effective when the modalities are correlated. Experimental results on the AR, Extended Yale B, and UMIST face databases, compared with those available from recent experiments reported in the literature, show that our descriptor yields a better performance than state-of-the art methods.

Plant phosphomannose isomerase as a selectable marker for rice transformation

PubMed Central

Hu, Lei; Li, Hao; Qin, Ruiying; Xu, Rongfang; Li, Juan; Li, Li; Wei, Pengcheng; Yang, Jianbo

2016-01-01

The E. coli phosphomannose isomerase (EcPMI) gene is widely used as a selectable marker gene (SMG) in mannose (Man) selection-based plant transformation. Although some plant species exhibit significant PMI activity and active PMIs were even identified in Man-sensitive plants, whether plant PMIs can be used as SMGs remains unclear. In this study, we isolated four novel PMI genes from Chlorella variabilis and Oryza sativa. Their isoenzymatic activities were examined in vitro and compared with that of EcPMI. The active plant PMIs were separately constructed into binary vectors as SMGs and then transformed into rice via Agrobacterium. In both Indica and Japonica subspecies, our results indicated that the plant PMIs could select and produce transgenic plants in a pattern similar to that of EcPMI. The transgenic plants exhibited an accumulation of plant PMI transcripts and enhancement of the in vivo PMI activity. Furthermore, a gene of interest was successfully transformed into rice using the plant PMIs as SMGs. Thus, novel SMGs for Man selection were isolated from plants, and our analysis suggested that PMIs encoding active enzymes might be common in plants and could potentially be used as appropriate genetic elements in cisgenesis engineering. PMID:27174847

New algorithm for detecting smaller retinal blood vessels in fundus images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

LeAnder, Robert; Bidari, Praveen I.; Mohammed, Tauseef A.; Das, Moumita; Umbaugh, Scott E.

2010-03-01

About 4.1 million Americans suffer from diabetic retinopathy. To help automatically diagnose various stages of the disease, a new blood-vessel-segmentation algorithm based on spatial high-pass filtering was developed to automatically segment blood vessels, including the smaller ones, with low noise. Methods: Image database: Forty, 584 x 565-pixel images were collected from the DRIVE image database. Preprocessing: Green-band extraction was used to obtain better contrast, which facilitated better visualization of retinal blood vessels. A spatial highpass filter of mask-size 11 was applied. A histogram stretch was performed to enhance contrast. A median filter was applied to mitigate noise. At this point, the gray-scale image was converted to a binary image using a binary thresholding operation. Then, a NOT operation was performed by gray-level value inversion between 0 and 255. Postprocessing: The resulting image was AND-ed with its corresponding ring mask to remove the outer-ring (lens-edge) artifact. At this point, the above algorithm steps had extracted most of the major and minor vessels, with some intersections and bifurcations missing. Vessel segments were reintegrated using the Hough transform. Results: After applying the Hough transform, both the average peak SNR and the RMS error improved by 10%. Pratt's Figure of Merit (PFM) was decreased by 6%. Those averages were better than [1] by 10-30%. Conclusions: The new algorithm successfully preserved the details of smaller blood vessels and should prove successful as a segmentation step for automatically identifying diseases that affect retinal blood vessels.

Enhanced arsenic removal by in situ formed Fe-Mn binary oxide in the aeration-direct filtration process.

PubMed

Wu, Kun; Liu, Rui-Ping; Liu, Hui-Juan; Lan, Hua-Chun; Qu, Jiu-Hui

2012-11-15

Field studies were conducted to evaluate the feasibility of an in situ formed Fe-Mn binary oxide (in situ FMBO) for improving arsenic (As) removal in the aeration-direct filtration process. The transformation and transportation of As, Fe, and Mn in the filter bed were also investigated. The in situ FMBO increased the As removal efficiency by 20-50% to keep the residual As below 10 μg/L. The optimum FMBO dosage was determined to be 0.55 mg/L with the Fe/Mn ratio as 10:1. The removal of Fe, Mn, turbidity, and particles was also improved to a large extent. The in situ FMBO favored the transformation of soluble As, Fe, and Mn into the solid phases, benefiting the removal of these pollutants by the subsequent filtration. Moreover, the deposited precipitates onto the filter media were characterized, as indicated by the analyses of SEM/EDS and particle size distribution. The long-term experiments exhibited decreased head loss growth and prolonged run length, suggesting an enhanced pollutant catching capacity of the filter media. The full-scale field study with a flow of 10,000 m3/d confirmed positive effects of in situ FMBO on As removal, with the average effluent As concentration reduced from 20 μg/L to 6 μg/L (reagent cost=0.006 ¥/m3). Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

RPBS: Rotational Projected Binary Structure for point cloud representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fang, Bin; Zhou, Zhiwei; Ma, Tao; Hu, Fangyu; Quan, Siwen; Ma, Jie

2018-03-01

In this paper, we proposed a novel three-dimension local surface descriptor named RPBS for point cloud representation. First, points cropped form the query point within a predefined radius is regard as a local surface patch. Then pose normalization is done to the local surface to equip our descriptor with the invariance to rotation transformation. To obtain more information about the cropped surface, multi-view representation is formed by successively rotating it along the coordinate axis. Further, orthogonal projections to the three coordinate plane are adopted to construct two-dimension distribution matrixes, and binarization is applied to each matrix by following the rule that whether the grid is occupied, if yes, set the grid one, otherwise zero. We calculate the binary maps from all the viewpoints and concatenate them together as the final descriptor. Comparative experiments for evaluating our proposed descriptor is conducted on the standard dataset named Bologna with several state-of-the-art 3D descriptors, and results show that our descriptor achieves the best performance on feature matching experiments.

Remediation of groundwater contaminated with the lead-phenol binary system by granular dead anaerobic sludge-permeable reactive barrier.

PubMed

Faisal, Ayad A H; Abd Ali, Ziad T

2017-10-01

Computer solutions (COMSOL) Multiphysics 3.5a software was used for simulating the one-dimensional equilibrium transport of the lead-phenol binary system including the sorption process through saturated sandy soil as the aquifer and granular dead anaerobic sludge (GDAS) as the permeable reactive barrier. Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis proved that the carboxylic and alcohol groups are responsible for the bio-sorption of lead onto GDAS, while phosphines, aromatic and alkane are the functional groups responsible for the bio-sorption of phenol. Batch tests have been performed to characterize the equilibrium sorption properties of the GDAS and sandy soil in lead and/or phenol containing aqueous solutions. Numerical and experimental results proved that the barrier plays a potential role in the restriction of the contaminant plume migration and there is a linear relationship between longevity and thickness of the barrier. A good agreement between these results was recognized with root mean squared error not exceeding 0.04.

Seismic event classification system

DOEpatents

Dowla, F.U.; Jarpe, S.P.; Maurer, W.

1994-12-13

In the computer interpretation of seismic data, the critical first step is to identify the general class of an unknown event. For example, the classification might be: teleseismic, regional, local, vehicular, or noise. Self-organizing neural networks (SONNs) can be used for classifying such events. Both Kohonen and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) SONNs are useful for this purpose. Given the detection of a seismic event and the corresponding signal, computation is made of: the time-frequency distribution, its binary representation, and finally a shift-invariant representation, which is the magnitude of the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-D FFT) of the binary time-frequency distribution. This pre-processed input is fed into the SONNs. These neural networks are able to group events that look similar. The ART SONN has an advantage in classifying the event because the types of cluster groups do not need to be pre-defined. The results from the SONNs together with an expert seismologist's classification are then used to derive event classification probabilities. 21 figures.

Chromatic characterization of ion-exchanged glass binary phase plates for mode-division multiplexing.

PubMed

Prieto-Blanco, Xesús; Montero-Orille, Carlos; Moreno, Vicente; Mateo, Eduardo F; Liñares, Jesús

2015-04-10

Mode-division multiplexing (MDM) in few-mode fibers is regarded as a promising candidate to increase optical network capacity. A fundamental element for MDM is a modal transformer to LP modes which can be implemented in a free-space basis by using multiregion phase plates, that is, LP plates. Likewise, several wavelengths have to be used due to wavelength multiplexing purposes, optical amplification tasks, and so on. In this work we show that efficient monolithic binary phase plates for different wavelengths can be fabricated by ion-exchange in glass and used for MDM tasks. We introduce an optical characterization method of the chromatic properties of such phase plates which combines the inverse Wentzel-Kramers-Brillouin (IWKB) together with Mach-Zehnder and Michelson-based interferometric techniques. The interferometric method provides a measurement of the phase step for several wavelengths, which characterizes the chromatic properties of the phase plate. Consequently, it is shown that the IWKB method allows us to design and characterize the phase plates in an easy and fast way.

A numerical treatment of radiative nanofluid 3D flow containing gyrotactic microorganism with anisotropic slip, binary chemical reaction and activation energy.

PubMed

Lu, Dianchen; Ramzan, M; Ullah, Naeem; Chung, Jae Dong; Farooq, Umer

2017-12-05

A numerical investigation of steady three dimensional nanofluid flow carrying effects of gyrotactic microorganism with anisotropic slip condition along a moving plate near a stagnation point is conducted. Additionally, influences of Arrhenius activation energy, joule heating accompanying binary chemical reaction and viscous dissipation are also taken into account. A system of nonlinear differential equations obtained from boundary layer partial differential equations is found by utilization of apposite transformations. RK fourth and fifth order technique of Maple software is engaged to acquire the solution of the mathematical model governing the presented fluid flow. A Comparison with previously done study is also made and a good agreement is achieved with existing results; hence reliable results are being presented. Evaluations are carried out for involved parameters graphically against velocity, temperature, concentration fields, microorganism distribution, density number, local Nusselt and Sherwood numbers. It is detected that microorganism distribution exhibit diminishing behavior for rising values of bio-convection Lewis and Peclet numbers.

Extremal Optimization for Quadratic Unconstrained Binary Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boettcher, S.

We present an implementation of τ-EO for quadratic unconstrained binary optimization (QUBO) problems. To this end, we transform modify QUBO from its conventional Boolean presentation into a spin glass with a random external field on each site. These fields tend to be rather large compared to the typical coupling, presenting EO with a challenging two-scale problem, exploring smaller differences in couplings effectively while sufficiently aligning with those strong external fields. However, we also find a simple solution to that problem that indicates that those external fields apparently tilt the energy landscape to a such a degree such that global minima become more easy to find than those of spin glasses without (or very small) fields. We explore the impact of the weight distribution of the QUBO formulation in the operations research literature and analyze their meaning in a spin-glass language. This is significant because QUBO problems are considered among the main contenders for NP-hard problems that could be solved efficiently on a quantum computer such as D-Wave.

Diagnosis of skin cancer using image processing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guerra-Rosas, Esperanza; Álvarez-Borrego, Josué; Coronel-Beltrán, Ángel

2014-10-01

In this papera methodology for classifying skin cancerin images of dermatologie spots based on spectral analysis using the K-law Fourier non-lineartechnique is presented. The image is segmented and binarized to build the function that contains the interest area. The image is divided into their respective RGB channels to obtain the spectral properties of each channel. The green channel contains more information and therefore this channel is always chosen. This information is point to point multiplied by a binary mask and to this result a Fourier transform is applied written in nonlinear form. If the real part of this spectrum is positive, the spectral density takeunit values, otherwise are zero. Finally the ratio of the sum of the unit values of the spectral density with the sum of values of the binary mask are calculated. This ratio is called spectral index. When the value calculated is in the spectral index range three types of cancer can be detected. Values found out of this range are benign injure.

Block-based scalable wavelet image codec

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bao, Yiliang; Kuo, C.-C. Jay

1999-10-01

This paper presents a high performance block-based wavelet image coder which is designed to be of very low implementational complexity yet with rich features. In this image coder, the Dual-Sliding Wavelet Transform (DSWT) is first applied to image data to generate wavelet coefficients in fixed-size blocks. Here, a block only consists of wavelet coefficients from a single subband. The coefficient blocks are directly coded with the Low Complexity Binary Description (LCBiD) coefficient coding algorithm. Each block is encoded using binary context-based bitplane coding. No parent-child correlation is exploited in the coding process. There is also no intermediate buffering needed in between DSWT and LCBiD. The compressed bit stream generated by the proposed coder is both SNR and resolution scalable, as well as highly resilient to transmission errors. Both DSWT and LCBiD process the data in blocks whose size is independent of the size of the original image. This gives more flexibility in the implementation. The codec has a very good coding performance even the block size is (16,16).

An Effective Hybrid Cuckoo Search Algorithm with Improved Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm for 0-1 Knapsack Problems

PubMed Central

Wang, Gai-Ge; Feng, Qingjiang; Zhao, Xiang-Jun

2014-01-01

An effective hybrid cuckoo search algorithm (CS) with improved shuffled frog-leaping algorithm (ISFLA) is put forward for solving 0-1 knapsack problem. First of all, with the framework of SFLA, an improved frog-leap operator is designed with the effect of the global optimal information on the frog leaping and information exchange between frog individuals combined with genetic mutation with a small probability. Subsequently, in order to improve the convergence speed and enhance the exploitation ability, a novel CS model is proposed with considering the specific advantages of Lévy flights and frog-leap operator. Furthermore, the greedy transform method is used to repair the infeasible solution and optimize the feasible solution. Finally, numerical simulations are carried out on six different types of 0-1 knapsack instances, and the comparative results have shown the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm and its ability to achieve good quality solutions, which outperforms the binary cuckoo search, the binary differential evolution, and the genetic algorithm. PMID:25404940

Liquid phase heteroepitaxial growth on convex substrate using binary phase field crystal model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lu, Yanli; Zhang, Tinghui; Chen, Zheng

2018-06-01

The liquid phase heteroepitaxial growth on convex substrate is investigated with the binary phase field crystal (PFC) model. The paper aims to focus on the transformation of the morphology of epitaxial films on convex substrate with two different radiuses of curvature (Ω) as well as influences of substrate vicinal angles on films growth. It is found that films growth experience different stages on convex substrate with different radiuses of curvature (Ω). For Ω = 512 Δx , the process of epitaxial film growth includes four stages: island coupled with layer-by-layer growth, layer-by-layer growth, island coupled with layer-by-layer growth, layer-by-layer growth. For Ω = 1024 Δx , film growth only experience islands growth and layer-by-layer growth. Also, substrate vicinal angle (π) is an important parameter for epitaxial film growth. We find the film can grow well when π = 2° for Ω = 512 Δx , while the optimized film can be obtained when π = 4° for Ω = 512 Δx .

One-step hydrothermal synthesis of carboxyl-functionalized upconversion phosphors for bioapplications.

PubMed

Yang, Jianping; Shen, Dengke; Li, Xiaomin; Li, Wei; Fang, Yin; Wei, Yong; Yao, Chi; Tu, Bo; Zhang, Fan; Zhao, Dongyuan

2012-10-22

In this paper, we report a facile one-step hydrothermal method to synthesize phase-, size-, and shape-controlled carboxyl-functionalized rare-earth fluorescence upconversion phosphors by using a small-molecule binary acid, such as malonic acid, oxalic acid, succinic acid, or tartaric acid as capping agent. The crystals, from nano- to microstructures with diverse shapes that include nanospheres, microrods, hexagonal prisms, microtubes, microdisks, polygonal columns, and hexagonal tablets, can be obtained with different reaction times, reaction temperatures, molar ratios of capping agent to sodium hydroxide, and by varying the binary acids. Fourier transform infrared, thermogravimetric analysis, and upconversion luminescence spectra measurements indicate that the synthesized NaYF(4):Yb/Er products with hydrophilic carboxyl-functionalized surface offer efficient upconversion luminescent performance. Furthermore, the antibody/secondary antibody conjugation can be realized by the carboxyl-functionalized surfaces of the upconversion phosphors, thus indicating the potential bioapplications of these kinds of materials. Copyright © 2012 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

VizieR Online Data Catalog: Detection of Kepler multiple M-star systems (Rappaport+, 2014)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rappaport, S.; Swift, J.; Levine, A.; Joss, M.; Sanchis-Ojeda, R.; Barclay, T.; Still, M.; Handler, G.; Olah, K.; Muirhead, P. S.; Huber, D.; Vida, K.

2017-07-01

In all, we find 297 of the 3897 targets exhibit the requisite significant Fourier transform (FT) signal comprising a base frequency plus its harmonic, with the base frequency exceeding 0.5 cycles/day (i.e., Prot<2 days). We believe that the majority of these periodicities are likely to be due to stellar rotation manifested via starspots, but a significant number may be due to planet transits and binary eclipses. The individual FTs for these systems were further examined to eliminate those which were clearly not due to rotating starspots. In all cases we folded the data modulo the detected fundamental period, and were readily able to rule out cases due to transiting planets since their well-known sharp, relatively rectangular dipping profiles are characteristic. Of course, we also checked the KOI list for matches. Any of the objects that appear in the Kepler eclipsing binary ("EB") star catalog (e.g., Matijevic et al. 2012AJ....143..123M) were likewise eliminated. (2 data files).

Seismic event classification system

DOEpatents

Dowla, Farid U.; Jarpe, Stephen P.; Maurer, William

1994-01-01

In the computer interpretation of seismic data, the critical first step is to identify the general class of an unknown event. For example, the classification might be: teleseismic, regional, local, vehicular, or noise. Self-organizing neural networks (SONNs) can be used for classifying such events. Both Kohonen and Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART) SONNs are useful for this purpose. Given the detection of a seismic event and the corresponding signal, computation is made of: the time-frequency distribution, its binary representation, and finally a shift-invariant representation, which is the magnitude of the two-dimensional Fourier transform (2-D FFT) of the binary time-frequency distribution. This pre-processed input is fed into the SONNs. These neural networks are able to group events that look similar. The ART SONN has an advantage in classifying the event because the types of cluster groups do not need to be pre-defined. The results from the SONNs together with an expert seismologist's classification are then used to derive event classification probabilities.

Comparative analysis of feature extraction methods in satellite imagery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karim, Shahid; Zhang, Ye; Asif, Muhammad Rizwan; Ali, Saad

2017-10-01

Feature extraction techniques are extensively being used in satellite imagery and getting impressive attention for remote sensing applications. The state-of-the-art feature extraction methods are appropriate according to the categories and structures of the objects to be detected. Based on distinctive computations of each feature extraction method, different types of images are selected to evaluate the performance of the methods, such as binary robust invariant scalable keypoints (BRISK), scale-invariant feature transform, speeded-up robust features (SURF), features from accelerated segment test (FAST), histogram of oriented gradients, and local binary patterns. Total computational time is calculated to evaluate the speed of each feature extraction method. The extracted features are counted under shadow regions and preprocessed shadow regions to compare the functioning of each method. We have studied the combination of SURF with FAST and BRISK individually and found very promising results with an increased number of features and less computational time. Finally, feature matching is conferred for all methods.

Efficient capture of SO2 by a binary mixture of caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium bromide ionic liquid and water.

PubMed

Duan, Erhong; Guo, Bin; Zhang, Miaomiao; Guan, Yanan; Sun, Hua; Han, Jing

2011-10-30

The solubility of SO(2) in a binary mixture of water and caprolactam tetrabutyl ammonium bromide ionic liquid (CPL-TBAB IL) was investigated. Though the ionic liquid and water were fully miscible, a phase separation occurred when SO(2) was introduced into the mixture. The SO(2) concentrated in the lower layer, and it could be released by heating the solution under reduced pressure (382.2K, 10.1 kPa). After desorption, the mixture could be reused to absorb SO(2). It was found that SO(2) acts as a switch to cause the water and CPL-TBAB IL to phase separate, and the mechanics of this phase separation process was studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, fourier transform-infrared spectroscopy and Karl-Fisher titration. The absorption and desorption of SO(2) in the CPL-TBAB/water mixtures were reversible. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A geometrical defect detection method for non-silicon MEMS part based on HU moment invariants of skeleton image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Xu; Jin, Xin; Zhang, Zhijing; Lu, Jun

2014-01-01

In order to improve the accuracy of geometrical defect detection, this paper presented a method based on HU moment invariants of skeleton image. This method have four steps: first of all, grayscale images of non-silicon MEMS parts are collected and converted into binary images, secondly, skeletons of binary images are extracted using medialaxis- transform method, and then HU moment invariants of skeleton images are calculated, finally, differences of HU moment invariants between measured parts and qualified parts are obtained to determine whether there are geometrical defects. To demonstrate the availability of this method, experiments were carried out between skeleton images and grayscale images, and results show that: when defects of non-silicon MEMS part are the same, HU moment invariants of skeleton images are more sensitive than that of grayscale images, and detection accuracy is higher. Therefore, this method can more accurately determine whether non-silicon MEMS parts qualified or not, and can be applied to nonsilicon MEMS part detection system.

The economical utilization of geothermal energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rose, G.

1982-12-01

The geothermal energy which is stored in hot dry rock could be theoretically utilized for the generation of power. The hot-dry-rock procedure can provide a flow of hot water. The considered binary system can transform the obtained thermal energy into electrical energy. The system makes use of a Rankine cycle with a working fluid having a low boiling point. Heat from the hot water is transferred to the working fluid. The present investigation is concerned with the development of a method for the calculation of the entire process. The results obtained with the computational method are to provide a basis for the determination of the operational characteristics. The development method is used for the study of a process based on the use of carbon dioxide as working fluid. The economics of a use of the hot-dry-rock process with the binary system is also investigated. It is found that the considered procedure is not economical. Economical operation requires, in particular, hot water supplied at a much lower cost.

Hybrid Discrete Wavelet Transform and Gabor Filter Banks Processing for Features Extraction from Biomedical Images

PubMed Central

Lahmiri, Salim; Boukadoum, Mounir

2013-01-01

A new methodology for automatic feature extraction from biomedical images and subsequent classification is presented. The approach exploits the spatial orientation of high-frequency textural features of the processed image as determined by a two-step process. First, the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is applied to obtain the HH high-frequency subband image. Then, a Gabor filter bank is applied to the latter at different frequencies and spatial orientations to obtain new Gabor-filtered image whose entropy and uniformity are computed. Finally, the obtained statistics are fed to a support vector machine (SVM) binary classifier. The approach was validated on mammograms, retina, and brain magnetic resonance (MR) images. The obtained classification accuracies show better performance in comparison to common approaches that use only the DWT or Gabor filter banks for feature extraction. PMID:27006906

Genetic transformation of Begonia tuberhybrida by Ri rol genes.

PubMed

Kiyokawa, S; Kikuchi, Y; Kamada, H; Harada, H

1996-04-01

We have developed an Agrobacterium -mediated transformation system for commercial Begonia species. The leaf explants of Begonia semperflorens, Begonia x hiemalis and B. tuberhybrida were inoculated with Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404 harboring a binary vector pBI121 which contains rolA, B and C genes of an agropine type Ri plasmid (pRiA4b). Kanamycin resistant shoots of B. tuberhybrida were obtained on MS agar medium supplemented with 0.1 mg/l NAA, 0.5 mg/l BA, 500 mg/l claforan and 100 mg/l kanamycin. These shoots exhibited GUS activity and Southern analysis showed a single copy insertion into the genome. When the transgenic plants were transferred to soil, they displayed the phenotype specific to the transgenic plants by A. rhizogenes such as dwarfness, delay of flowering, and wrinkled leaves and petals.

Phase diagram calculations and high pressure Raman spectroscopy studies of organic "plastic crystal" thermal energy storage materials

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chellappa, Raja S.

This dissertation presents the phase diagram calculations and high pressure Raman spectroscopy studies on organic "plastic crystal" thermal storage materials. The organic "plastic crystals" that were studied include pentaerythritol [PE:C(CH 2OH)4], neopentylglycol [NPG:(CH3)2C(CH 2OH)2], tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane [TRIS:(NH2 )C(CH2OH)3], and 2-amino-2-methyl-1,3-propanediol [AMPL: (NH2)(CH3)C(CH2OH)2]. Thermodynamic optimization of the experimental data of AMPL-NPG and PE-AMPL binary system was performed and the calculated phase diagrams are presented. A preliminary calculated phase diagram of the TRIS-NPG binary system is also presented. A thorough reevaluation of the existing calorimetric and x-ray diffraction data of the PE-AMPL binary system is also presented. This analysis resulted in the correct interpretation of the phase boundaries and a revised phase diagram has been drawn. The results of high pressure Raman spectroscopy experiments on neopentylglycol and pentaerythritol presented. The phase transformation pressures were determined by analyzing the frequency shifts as a function of pressure as well as the changes in the internal modes of vibration for these compounds. A simplified assignment of the vibrational modes for NPG at ambient pressure is presented. The results indicate experiments were carried out using Diamond Anvil Cell (DAC) and the pressure induced transformations were studied by Raman spectroscopy. In NPG, a phase transition occurs at ˜3.6 GPa from Phase I (Monoclinic) to Phase II (unknown structure). In PE, the proposed phase transformation pressures are ˜4.8 GPa (Phase I to Phase II), ˜6.9 GPa (Phase II to Phase III), ˜9.5 GPa (Phase III to Phase IV), and ˜15 GPa (Phase IV to Amorphous). The results of a critical assessment of the vapor pressure data of solid metal carbonyls. The vapor pressure data of Chromium Carbonyl (Cr(CO)6), Tungsten Carbonyl (W(CO)6 ), Osmium Carbonyl (Os3(CO)12), Molybdenum Carbonyl (MO(CO)6). Rhenium Carbonyl (Re2(CO)10), and Manganese Carbonyl (Mn(CO)5) were assessed using the "Oonk Methodology". The sublimation properties using the assessed data (Delta subGo,DeltasubH o and Deltasub Cop,m ) of these compounds have been evaluated and a discussion on the mutual consistency of various data sets for each compound over a wide range of temperature is also presented.

Highly efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of embryogenic cell suspensions of Musa acuminata cv. Mas (AA) via a liquid co-cultivation system.

PubMed

Huang, Xia; Huang, Xue-Lin; Xiao, Wang; Zhao, Jie-Tang; Dai, Xue-Mei; Chen, Yun-Feng; Li, Xiao-Ju

2007-10-01

A high efficient protocol of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Musa acuminata cv. Mas (AA), a major banana variety of the South East Asia region, was developed in this study. Male-flower-derived embryogenic cell suspensions (ECS) were co-cultivated in liquid medium with Agrobacterium strain EHA105 harboring a binary vector pCAMBIA2301 carrying nptII and gusA gene in the T-DNA. Depending upon conditions and duration of co-cultivation in liquid medium, 0-490 transgenic plants per 0.5 ml packed cell volume (PCV) of ECS were obtained. The optimum duration of inoculation was 2 h, and the highest transformation frequency was achieved when infected ECS were co-cultivated in liquid medium first for 12 h at 40 rpm and then for 156 h at 100 rpm on a rotary shaker. Co-cultivation for a shorter duration (72 h) or shaking constantly at 100 rpm at the same duration gave 1.6 and 1.8 folds lower transformation efficiency, respectively. No transgenic plants were obtained in parallel experiments carried on semi-solid media. Histochemical GUS assay and molecular analysis in several tissues of the transgenic plants demonstrated that foreign genes were stably integrated into the banana genome. Compared to semi-solid co-cultivation transformation in other banana species, it is remarkable that liquid co-cultivation was much more efficient for transformation of the Mas cultivar, and was at least 1 month faster for regenerating transgenic plants.

Parallel Monte Carlo Search for Hough Transform

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lopes, Raul H. C.; Franqueira, Virginia N. L.; Reid, Ivan D.; Hobson, Peter R.

2017-10-01

We investigate the problem of line detection in digital image processing and in special how state of the art algorithms behave in the presence of noise and whether CPU efficiency can be improved by the combination of a Monte Carlo Tree Search, hierarchical space decomposition, and parallel computing. The starting point of the investigation is the method introduced in 1962 by Paul Hough for detecting lines in binary images. Extended in the 1970s to the detection of space forms, what came to be known as Hough Transform (HT) has been proposed, for example, in the context of track fitting in the LHC ATLAS and CMS projects. The Hough Transform transfers the problem of line detection, for example, into one of optimization of the peak in a vote counting process for cells which contain the possible points of candidate lines. The detection algorithm can be computationally expensive both in the demands made upon the processor and on memory. Additionally, it can have a reduced effectiveness in detection in the presence of noise. Our first contribution consists in an evaluation of the use of a variation of the Radon Transform as a form of improving theeffectiveness of line detection in the presence of noise. Then, parallel algorithms for variations of the Hough Transform and the Radon Transform for line detection are introduced. An algorithm for Parallel Monte Carlo Search applied to line detection is also introduced. Their algorithmic complexities are discussed. Finally, implementations on multi-GPU and multicore architectures are discussed.

Automatic lumen segmentation in IVOCT images using binary morphological reconstruction

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Atherosclerosis causes millions of deaths, annually yielding billions in expenses round the world. Intravascular Optical Coherence Tomography (IVOCT) is a medical imaging modality, which displays high resolution images of coronary cross-section. Nonetheless, quantitative information can only be obtained with segmentation; consequently, more adequate diagnostics, therapies and interventions can be provided. Since it is a relatively new modality, many different segmentation methods, available in the literature for other modalities, could be successfully applied to IVOCT images, improving accuracies and uses. Method An automatic lumen segmentation approach, based on Wavelet Transform and Mathematical Morphology, is presented. The methodology is divided into three main parts. First, the preprocessing stage attenuates and enhances undesirable and important information, respectively. Second, in the feature extraction block, wavelet is associated with an adapted version of Otsu threshold; hence, tissue information is discriminated and binarized. Finally, binary morphological reconstruction improves the binary information and constructs the binary lumen object. Results The evaluation was carried out by segmenting 290 challenging images from human and pig coronaries, and rabbit iliac arteries; the outcomes were compared with the gold standards made by experts. The resultant accuracy was obtained: True Positive (%) = 99.29 ± 2.96, False Positive (%) = 3.69 ± 2.88, False Negative (%) = 0.71 ± 2.96, Max False Positive Distance (mm) = 0.1 ± 0.07, Max False Negative Distance (mm) = 0.06 ± 0.1. Conclusions In conclusion, by segmenting a number of IVOCT images with various features, the proposed technique showed to be robust and more accurate than published studies; in addition, the method is completely automatic, providing a new tool for IVOCT segmentation. PMID:23937790

Cell surface retention sequence binding protein-1 interacts with the v-sis gene product and platelet-derived growth factor beta-type receptor in simian sarcoma virus-transformed cells.

PubMed

Boensch, C; Huang, S S; Connolly, D T; Huang, J S

1999-04-09

The cell surface retention sequence (CRS) binding protein-1 (CRSBP-1) is a newly identified membrane glycoprotein which is hypothesized to be responsible for cell surface retention of the oncogene v-sis and c-sis gene products and other secretory proteins containing CRSs. In simian sarcoma virus-transformed NIH 3T3 cells (SSV-NIH 3T3 cells), a fraction of CRSBP-1 was demonstrated at the cell surface and underwent internalization/recycling as revealed by cell surface 125I labeling and its resistance/sensitivity to trypsin digestion. However, the majority of CRSBP-1 was localized in intracellular compartments as evidenced by the resistance of most of the 35S-metabolically labeled CRSBP-1 to trypsin digestion, and by indirect immunofluorescent staining. CRSBP-1 appeared to form complexes with proteolytically processed forms (generated at and/or after the trans-Golgi network) of the v-sis gene product and with a approximately 140-kDa proteolytically cleaved form of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) beta-type receptor, as demonstrated by metabolic labeling and co-immunoprecipitation. CRSBP-1, like the v-sis gene product and PDGF beta-type receptor, underwent rapid turnover which was blocked in the presence of 100 microM suramin. In normal and other transformed NIH 3T3 cells, CRSBP-1 was relatively stable and did not undergo rapid turnover and internalization/recycling at the cell surface. These results suggest that in SSV-NIH 3T3 cells, CRSBP-1 interacts with and forms ternary and binary complexes with the newly synthesized v-sis gene product and PDGF beta-type receptor at the trans-Golgi network and that the stable binary (CRSBP-1.v-sis gene product) complex is transported to the cell surface where it presents the v-sis gene product to unoccupied PDGF beta-type receptors during internalization/recycling.

Behavioral analysis of Drosophila transformants expressing human taste receptor genes in the gustatory receptor neurons.

PubMed

Adachi, Ryota; Sasaki, Yuko; Morita, Hiromi; Komai, Michio; Shirakawa, Hitoshi; Goto, Tomoko; Furuyama, Akira; Isono, Kunio

2012-06-01

Transgenic Drosophila expressing human T2R4 and T2R38 bitter-taste receptors or PKD2L1 sour-taste receptor in the fly gustatory receptor neurons and other tissues were prepared using conventional Gal4/UAS binary system. Molecular analysis showed that the transgene mRNAs are expressed according to the tissue specificity of the Gal4 drivers. Transformants expressing the transgene taste receptors in the fly taste neurons were then studied by a behavioral assay to analyze whether transgene chemoreceptors are functional and coupled to the cell response. Since wild-type flies show strong aversion against the T2R ligands as in mammals, the authors analyzed the transformants where the transgenes are expressed in the fly sugar receptor neurons so that they promote feeding ligand-dependently if they are functional and activate the neurons. Although the feeding preference varied considerably among different strains and individuals, statistical analysis using large numbers of transformants indicated that transformants expressing T2R4 showed a small but significant increase in the preference for denatonium and quinine, the T2R4 ligands, as compared to the control flies, whereas transformants expressing T2R38 did not. Similarly, transformants expressing T2R38 and PKD2L1 also showed a similar preference increase for T2R38-specific ligand phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and a sour-taste ligand, citric acid, respectively. Taken together, the transformants expressing mammalian taste receptors showed a small but significant increase in the feeding preference that is taste receptor and also ligand dependent. Although future improvements are required to attain performance comparable to the endogenous robust response, Drosophila taste neurons may serve as a potential in vivo heterologous expression system for analyzing chemoreceptor function.

Adapting rice anther culture to gene transformation and RNA interference.

PubMed

Chen, Caiyan; Xiao, Han; Zhang, Wenli; Wang, Aiju; Xia, Zhihui; Li, Xiaobing; Zhai, Wenxue; Cheng, Zhukuan; Zhu, Lihuang

2006-10-01

Anther culture offers a rapid method of generating homozygous lines for breeding program and genetic analysis. To produce homozygous transgenic lines of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in one step, we developed an efficient protocol of anther-callus-based transformation mediated by Agrobacterium after optimizing several factors influencing efficient transformation, including callus induction and Agrobacterium density for co-cultivation. Using this protocol, we obtained 145 independent green transformants from five cultivars of japonica rice by transformation with a binary vector pCXK1301 bearing the rice gene, Xa21 for resistance to bacterial blight, of which 140 were further confirmed by PCR and Southern hybridization analysis, including haploids (32.1%), diploids (62.1%) and mixoploids (7.5%). Fifteen diploids were found to be doubled haploids, which accounted for 10.7% of the total positive lines. Finally, by including 28 from colchicine induced or spontaneous diploidization of haploids later after transformation, a total of 43 doubled haploids (30.7%) of Xa21 transgenic lines were obtained. We also generated two RNAi transgenic haploids of the rice OsMADS2 gene, a putative redundant gene of OsMADS4 based on their sequence similarity, to investigate its possible roles in rice flower development by this method. Flowers from the two OsMADS2 RNAi transgenic haploids displayed obvious homeotic alternations, in which lodicules were transformed into palea/lemma-like tissues, whereas identities of other floral organs were maintained. The phenotypic alternations were proved to result from specific transcriptional suppression of OsMADS2 gene by the introduced RNAi transgene. The results confirmed that OsMADS2 is involved in lodicule development of rice flower and functionally redundant with OsMADS4 gene. Our results demonstrated that rice anther culture could be adapted to gene transformation and RNAi analysis in rice.

Tumor or abnormality identification from magnetic resonance images using statistical region fusion based segmentation.

PubMed

Subudhi, Badri Narayan; Thangaraj, Veerakumar; Sankaralingam, Esakkirajan; Ghosh, Ashish

2016-11-01

In this article, a statistical fusion based segmentation technique is proposed to identify different abnormality in magnetic resonance images (MRI). The proposed scheme follows seed selection, region growing-merging and fusion of multiple image segments. In this process initially, an image is divided into a number of blocks and for each block we compute the phase component of the Fourier transform. The phase component of each block reflects the gray level variation among the block but contains a large correlation among them. Hence a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique is adhered to generate a singular value of each block. Then a thresholding procedure is applied on these singular values to identify edgy and smooth regions and some seed points are selected for segmentation. By considering each seed point we perform a binary segmentation of the complete MRI and hence with all seed points we get an equal number of binary images. A parcel based statistical fusion process is used to fuse all the binary images into multiple segments. Effectiveness of the proposed scheme is tested on identifying different abnormalities: prostatic carcinoma detection, tuberculous granulomas identification and intracranial neoplasm or brain tumor detection. The proposed technique is established by comparing its results against seven state-of-the-art techniques with six performance evaluation measures. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

IDENTIFICATION OF THE HIGH-ENERGY GAMMA-RAY SOURCE 3FGL J1544.6–1125 AS A TRANSITIONAL MILLISECOND PULSAR BINARY IN AN ACCRETING STATE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bogdanov, Slavko; Halpern, Jules P.

We present X-ray, ultraviolet, and optical observations of 1RXS J154439.4–112820, the most probable counterpart of the unassociated Fermi-LAT source 3FGL J1544.6–1125. The optical data reveal rapid variability, which is a feature of accreting systems. The X-rays exhibit large-amplitude variations in the form of fast switching (within ∼10 s) between two distinct flux levels that differ by a factor of ≈10. The detailed optical and X-ray behavior is virtually identical to that seen in the accretion-disk-dominated states of the transitional millisecond pulsar (MSP) binaries PSR J1023+0038 and XSS J12270–4859, which are also associated with γ-ray sources. Based on the available observationalmore » evidence, we conclude that 1RXS J154439.4–112820 and 3FGL J1544.6–1125 are the same object, with the X-rays arising from intermittent low-luminosity accretion onto an MSP and the γ-rays originating from an accretion-driven outflow. 1RXS J154439.4–112820 is only the fourth γ-ray-emitting low-mass X-ray binary system to be identified and is likely to sporadically undergo transformations to a non-accreting rotation-powered pulsar system.« less

Infrared moving small target detection based on saliency extraction and image sparse representation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xiaomin; Ren, Kan; Gao, Jin; Li, Chaowei; Gu, Guohua; Wan, Minjie

2016-10-01

Moving small target detection in infrared image is a crucial technique of infrared search and tracking system. This paper present a novel small target detection technique based on frequency-domain saliency extraction and image sparse representation. First, we exploit the features of Fourier spectrum image and magnitude spectrum of Fourier transform to make a rough extract of saliency regions and use a threshold segmentation system to classify the regions which look salient from the background, which gives us a binary image as result. Second, a new patch-image model and over-complete dictionary were introduced to the detection system, then the infrared small target detection was converted into a problem solving and optimization process of patch-image information reconstruction based on sparse representation. More specifically, the test image and binary image can be decomposed into some image patches follow certain rules. We select the target potential area according to the binary patch-image which contains salient region information, then exploit the over-complete infrared small target dictionary to reconstruct the test image blocks which may contain targets. The coefficients of target image patch satisfy sparse features. Finally, for image sequence, Euclidean distance was used to reduce false alarm ratio and increase the detection accuracy of moving small targets in infrared images due to the target position correlation between frames.

Binary Phase Diagrams and Thermodynamic Properties of Silicon and Essential Doping Elements (Al, As, B, Bi, Ga, In, N, P, Sb and Tl)

PubMed Central

Mostafa, Ahmad; Medraj, Mamoun

2017-01-01

Fabrication of solar and electronic silicon wafers involves direct contact between solid, liquid and gas phases at near equilibrium conditions. Understanding of the phase diagrams and thermochemical properties of the Si-dopant binary systems is essential for providing processing conditions and for understanding the phase formation and transformation. In this work, ten Si-based binary phase diagrams, including Si with group IIIA elements (Al, B, Ga, In and Tl) and with group VA elements (As, Bi, N, P and Sb), have been reviewed. Each of these systems has been critically discussed on both aspects of phase diagram and thermodynamic properties. The available experimental data and thermodynamic parameters in the literature have been summarized and assessed thoroughly to provide consistent understanding of each system. Some systems were re-calculated to obtain a combination of the best evaluated phase diagram and a set of optimized thermodynamic parameters. As doping levels of solar and electronic silicon are of high technological importance, diffusion data has been presented to serve as a useful reference on the properties, behavior and quantities of metal impurities in silicon. This paper is meant to bridge the theoretical understanding of phase diagrams with the research and development of solar-grade silicon production, relying on the available information in the literature and our own analysis. PMID:28773034

Performance and mechanism of simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and Congo red from aqueous solution by hierarchical vaterite spherulites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Yuan-Yuan; Yu, Sheng-Hui; Jiang, Hao-Fan; Yao, Qi-Zhi; Fu, Sheng-Quan; Zhou, Gen-Tao

2018-06-01

Hierarchical vaterite spherulites, synthesized by a simple injection-precipitation method at room temperature, were applied for the simultaneous removal of heavy metal Cd(II) and dye Congo red (CR) from aqueous solution. Batch experiments reveal that the maximum removal capacities of as-prepared vaterite spherulites to Cd(II) and CR are 984.5 and 89.0 mg/g, respectively, showing excellent removal performance for Cd(II) and CR. Furthermore, in the binary Cd(II)-CR system, the removal capacity of vaterite to Cd(II) is significantly enhanced at lower CR concentration (<100 mg/L), but inhibited at higher CR concentration (>100 mg/L). In contrast, the concurrent Cd(II) shows negligible effect on the CR removal. The simultaneous removal mechanism was investigated by FESEM, EDX, XRD, FT-IR and XPS techniques. The simultaneous removal of Cd(II) and CR in the binary system is shown to be a multistep process, involving the preferential adsorption of dye CR, stabilization of CR to vaterite, coordination of the adsorbed CR molecules with Cd(II), and transformation of vaterite into otavite. Given the facile and green synthesis procedure, and effective removal of Cd(II) and CR in the binary system, the obtained vaterite spherulites have considerable practical interest in integrative treatment of wastewater contaminated by heavy metals and dyes.

Zirconia toughened SiC whisker reinforced alumina composites small business innovation research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Loutfy, R. O.; Stuffle, K. L.; Withers, J. C.; Lee, C. T.

1987-01-01

The objective of this phase 1 project was to develop a ceramic composite with superior fracture toughness and high strength, based on combining two toughness inducing materials: zirconia for transformation toughening and SiC whiskers for reinforcement, in a controlled microstructure alumina matrix. The controlled matrix microstructure is obtained by controlling the nucleation frequency of the alumina gel with seeds (submicron alpha-alumina). The results demonstrate the technical feasibility of producing superior binary composites (Al2O3-ZrO2) and tertiary composites (Al2O3-ZrO2-SiC). Thirty-two composites were prepared, consolidated, and fracture toughness tested. Statistical analysis of the results showed that: (1) the SiC type is the key statistically significant factor for increased toughness; (2) sol-gel processing with a-alumina seed had a statistically significant effect on increasing toughness of the binary and tertiary composites compared to the corresponding mixed powder processing; and (3) ZrO2 content within the range investigated had a minor effect. Binary composites with an average critical fracture toughness of 6.6MPam sup 1/2, were obtained. Tertiary composites with critical fracture toughness in the range of 9.3 to 10.1 MPam sup 1/2 were obtained. Results indicate that these composites are superior to zirconia toughened alumina and SiC whisker reinforced alumina ceramic composites produced by conventional techniques with similar composition from published data.

Infrared Imaging of Capella with the IOTA Closure Phase Interferometer

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kraus, S.; Schloerb, F. P.; Traub, W. A.; Carleton, N. P.; Lacasse, M.; Pearlman, M.; Monnier, J. D.; Millan-Gabet, R.; Berger, J.-P.; Haguenauer, P.; Perraut, K.; Kern, P.; Malbet, F.; Labeye, P.

2005-07-01

We present infrared aperture synthesis maps produced with the upgraded Infrared Optical Telescope Array interferometer. Michelson interferograms on the close binary system Capella (α Aur) were obtained in the H band between 2002 November 12 and 16 using the IONIC3 beam combiner. With baselines of 15m<=B<=38 m, we were able to determine the relative position of the binary components with milliarcsecond precision and to track their movement along the ~14° arc covered by our observation run. We briefly describe the algorithms used for visibility and closure phase estimation. Three different hybrid mapping and bispectrum fitting techniques were implemented within one software framework and used to reconstruct the source brightness distribution. By dividing our data into subsets, the system could be mapped at three epochs, revealing the motion of the stars. The precise position of the binary components was also determined with model fits, which in addition revealed IAa/IAb=1.49+/-0.10 and apparent stellar uniform-disk diameters of ΘAa=8.9+/-0.6 mas and ΘAb=5.8+/-0.8 mas. To improve the (u,v)-plane coverage, we compensated this orbital motion by applying a rotation-compensating coordinate transformation. The resulting model-independent map with a beam size of 5.4mas×2.6 mas allows the resolution of the stellar surfaces of the Capella giants themselves.

Dynamical evolution of small bodies in the Solar System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jacobson, Seth A.

2012-05-01

This thesis explores the dynamical evolution of small bodies in the Solar System. It focuses on the asteroid population but parts of the theory can be applied to other systems such as comets or Kuiper Belt objects. Small is a relative term that refers to bodies whose dynamics can be significantly perturbed by non-gravitational forces and tidal torques on timescales less than their lifetimes (for instance the collisional timescale in the Main Belt asteroid population or the sun impact timescale for the near-Earth asteroid population). Non-gravitational torques such as the YORP effect can result in the active endogenous evolution of asteroid systems; something that was not considered more than twenty years ago. This thesis is divided into three independent studies. The first explores the dynamics of a binary systems immediately after formation from rotational fission. The rotational fission hypothesis states that a rotationally torqued asteroid will fission when the centrifugal accelerations across the body exceed gravitational attraction. Asteroids must have very little or no tensile strength for this to occur, and are often referred to as "rubble piles.'' A more complete description of the hypothesis and the ensuing dynamics is provided there. From that study a framework of asteroid evolution is assembled. It is determined that mass ratio is the most important factor for determining the outcome of a rotational fission event. Each observed binary morphology is tied to this evolutionary schema and the relevant timescales are assessed. In the second study, the role of non-gravitational and tidal torques in binary asteroid systems is explored. Understanding the competition between tides and the YORP effect provides insight into the relative abundances of the different binary morphologies and the effect of planetary flybys. The interplay between tides and the BYORP effect creates dramatic evolutionary pathways that lead to interesting end states including stranded widely separated asynchronous binaries or tightly bound synchronous binaries, which occupy a revealing equilibrium. The first results of observations are reported that confirm the theoretically predicted equilibrium. In the final study, the binary asteroid evolutionary model is embedded in a model of the entire Main Belt asteroid population. The asteroid population evolution model includes the effects of collisions as well as the YORP-induced rotational fission. The model output is favorably compared to a number of observables. This allows inferences to be made regarding the free parameters of the model including the most likely typical binary lifetimes. These studies can be combined to create an overall picture of asteroid evolution. From only the power of sunlight, an asteroid can transform into a myriad number of different states according to a few fundamental forces.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Marquette, Ian, E-mail: i.marquette@uq.edu.au; Quesne, Christiane, E-mail: cquesne@ulb.ac.be

The purpose of this communication is to point out the connection between a 1D quantum Hamiltonian involving the fourth Painlevé transcendent P{sub IV}, obtained in the context of second-order supersymmetric quantum mechanics and third-order ladder operators, with a hierarchy of families of quantum systems called k-step rational extensions of the harmonic oscillator and related with multi-indexed X{sub m{sub 1,m{sub 2,…,m{sub k}}}} Hermite exceptional orthogonal polynomials of type III. The connection between these exactly solvable models is established at the level of the equivalence of the Hamiltonians using rational solutions of the fourth Painlevé equation in terms of generalized Hermite andmore » Okamoto polynomials. We also relate the different ladder operators obtained by various combinations of supersymmetric constructions involving Darboux-Crum and Krein-Adler supercharges, their zero modes and the corresponding energies. These results will demonstrate and clarify the relation observed for a particular case in previous papers.« less

Structural interactions in ionic liquids linked to higher-order Poisson-Boltzmann equations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blossey, R.; Maggs, A. C.; Podgornik, R.

2017-06-01

We present a derivation of generalized Poisson-Boltzmann equations starting from classical theories of binary fluid mixtures, employing an approach based on the Legendre transform as recently applied to the case of local descriptions of the fluid free energy. Under specific symmetry assumptions, and in the linearized regime, the Poisson-Boltzmann equation reduces to a phenomenological equation introduced by Bazant et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett. 106, 046102 (2011)], 10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.046102, whereby the structuring near the surface is determined by bulk coefficients.

An Algebraic Approach to the Study and Optimization of the Set of Rules of a Conditional Rewrite System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Makhortov, S. D.

2018-03-01

An algebraic system containing the semantics of a set of rules of the conditional equational theory (or the conditional term rewriting system) is introduced. The following basic questions are considered for the given model: existence of logical closure, structure of logical closure, possibility of equivalent transformations, and construction of logical reduction. The obtained results can be applied to the analysis and automatic optimization of the corresponding set of rules. The basis for the given research is the theory of lattices and binary relations.

Optical Properties of Bismuth Tellurite Based Glass

PubMed Central

Oo, Hooi Ming; Mohamed-Kamari, Halimah; Wan-Yusoff, Wan Mohd Daud

2012-01-01

A series of binary tellurite based glasses (Bi2O3)x (TeO2)100−x was prepared by melt quenching method. The density, molar volume and refractive index increase when bismuth ions Bi3+ increase, this is due to the increased polarization of the ions Bi3+ and the enhanced formation of non-bridging oxygen (NBO). The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) results show the bonding of the glass sample and the optical band gap, Eopt decreases while the refractive index increases when the ion Bi3+ content increases. PMID:22605999

Micromechanisms of Monotonic and Cyclic Subcritical Crack Growth in Advanced High Melting Point Low-Ductility Intermetallics

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-05-01

Advanced Structural Ceramics, MRS Symp. Proc., P. F. Becher et al . (eds.), MRS, Pittsburgh, PA (1986). 11) M. J. Reece, F. Guiu and M. F. R. Sammur...composites under study, listed in Table 2.1, were fabricated by phase blending -80 mesh y-TiAI (Ti-55 at.% Al , with small additions of Nb, Ta, C and 0...on phase transformations in the alloy system. In the case of the binary Nb- Al system, the peritectic reaction at 2060’C (Fig. 3.1), involving the

[Development of a Text-Data Based Learning Tool That Integrates Image Processing and Displaying].

PubMed

Shinohara, Hiroyuki; Hashimoto, Takeyuki

2015-01-01

We developed a text-data based learning tool that integrates image processing and displaying by Excel. Knowledge required for programing this tool is limited to using absolute, relative, and composite cell references and learning approximately 20 mathematical functions available in Excel. The new tool is capable of resolution translation, geometric transformation, spatial-filter processing, Radon transform, Fourier transform, convolutions, correlations, deconvolutions, wavelet transform, mutual information, and simulation of proton density-, T1-, and T2-weighted MR images. The processed images of 128 x 128 pixels or 256 x 256 pixels are observed directly within Excel worksheets without using any particular image display software. The results of image processing using this tool were compared with those using C language and the new tool was judged to have sufficient accuracy to be practically useful. The images displayed on Excel worksheets were compared with images using binary-data display software. This comparison indicated that the image quality of the Excel worksheets was nearly equal to the latter in visual impressions. Since image processing is performed by using text-data, the process is visible and facilitates making contrasts by using mathematical equations within the program. We concluded that the newly developed tool is adequate as a computer-assisted learning tool for use in medical image processing.

Application of texture analysis method for mammogram density classification

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nithya, R.; Santhi, B.

2017-07-01

Mammographic density is considered a major risk factor for developing breast cancer. This paper proposes an automated approach to classify breast tissue types in digital mammogram. The main objective of the proposed Computer-Aided Diagnosis (CAD) system is to investigate various feature extraction methods and classifiers to improve the diagnostic accuracy in mammogram density classification. Texture analysis methods are used to extract the features from the mammogram. Texture features are extracted by using histogram, Gray Level Co-Occurrence Matrix (GLCM), Gray Level Run Length Matrix (GLRLM), Gray Level Difference Matrix (GLDM), Local Binary Pattern (LBP), Entropy, Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT), Wavelet Packet Transform (WPT), Gabor transform and trace transform. These extracted features are selected using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). The features selected by ANOVA are fed into the classifiers to characterize the mammogram into two-class (fatty/dense) and three-class (fatty/glandular/dense) breast density classification. This work has been carried out by using the mini-Mammographic Image Analysis Society (MIAS) database. Five classifiers are employed namely, Artificial Neural Network (ANN), Linear Discriminant Analysis (LDA), Naive Bayes (NB), K-Nearest Neighbor (KNN), and Support Vector Machine (SVM). Experimental results show that ANN provides better performance than LDA, NB, KNN and SVM classifiers. The proposed methodology has achieved 97.5% accuracy for three-class and 99.37% for two-class density classification.

A simplified Integer Cosine Transform and its application in image compression

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Costa, M.; Tong, K.

1994-01-01

A simplified version of the integer cosine transform (ICT) is described. For practical reasons, the transform is considered jointly with the quantization of its coefficients. It differs from conventional ICT algorithms in that the combined factors for normalization and quantization are approximated by powers of two. In conventional algorithms, the normalization/quantization stage typically requires as many integer divisions as the number of transform coefficients. By restricting the factors to powers of two, these divisions can be performed by variable shifts in the binary representation of the coefficients, with speed and cost advantages to the hardware implementation of the algorithm. The error introduced by the factor approximations is compensated for in the inverse ICT operation, executed with floating point precision. The simplified ICT algorithm has potential applications in image-compression systems with disparate cost and speed requirements in the encoder and decoder ends. For example, in deep space image telemetry, the image processors on board the spacecraft could take advantage of the simplified, faster encoding operation, which would be adjusted on the ground, with high-precision arithmetic. A dual application is found in compressed video broadcasting. Here, a fast, high-performance processor at the transmitter would precompensate for the factor approximations in the inverse ICT operation, to be performed in real time, at a large number of low-cost receivers.

Watermarking scheme for authentication of compressed image

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hsieh, Tsung-Han; Li, Chang-Tsun; Wang, Shuo

2003-11-01

As images are commonly transmitted or stored in compressed form such as JPEG, to extend the applicability of our previous work, a new scheme for embedding watermark in compressed domain without resorting to cryptography is proposed. In this work, a target image is first DCT transformed and quantised. Then, all the coefficients are implicitly watermarked in order to minimize the risk of being attacked on the unwatermarked coefficients. The watermarking is done through registering/blending the zero-valued coefficients with a binary sequence to create the watermark and involving the unembedded coefficients during the process of embedding the selected coefficients. The second-order neighbors and the block itself are considered in the process of the watermark embedding in order to thwart different attacks such as cover-up, vector quantisation, and transplantation. The experiments demonstrate the capability of the proposed scheme in thwarting local tampering, geometric transformation such as cropping, and common signal operations such as lowpass filtering.

Digital transceiver implementation for wavelet packet modulation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lindsey, Alan R.; Dill, Jeffrey C.

1998-03-01

Current transceiver designs for wavelet-based communication systems are typically reliant on analog waveform synthesis, however, digital processing is an important part of the eventual success of these techniques. In this paper, a transceiver implementation is introduced for the recently introduced wavelet packet modulation scheme which moves the analog processing as far as possible toward the antenna. The transceiver is based on the discrete wavelet packet transform which incorporates level and node parameters for generalized computation of wavelet packets. In this transform no particular structure is imposed on the filter bank save dyadic branching, and a maximum level which is specified a priori and dependent mainly on speed and/or cost considerations. The transmitter/receiver structure takes a binary sequence as input and, based on the desired time- frequency partitioning, processes the signal through demultiplexing, synthesis, analysis, multiplexing and data determination completely in the digital domain - with exception of conversion in and out of the analog domain for transmission.

Precipitation-Strengthened, High-Temperature, High-Force Shape Memory Alloys

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noebe, Ronald D.; Draper, Susan L.; Nathal, Michael V.; Crombie, Edwin A.

2008-01-01

Shape memory alloys (SMAs) are an enabling component in the development of compact, lightweight, durable, high-force actuation systems particularly for use where hydraulics or electrical motors are not practical. However, commercial shape memory alloys based on NiTi are only suitable for applications near room temperature, due to their relatively low transformation temperatures, while many potential applications require higher temperature capability. Consequently, a family of (Ni,Pt)(sub 1-x)Ti(sub x) shape memory alloys with Ti concentrations ranging from about 15 to 25 at.% have been developed for applications in which there are requirements for SMA actuators to exert high forces at operating temperatures higher than those of conventional binary NiTi SMAs. These alloys can be heat treated in the range of 500 C to produce a series of fine precipitate phases that increase the strength of alloy while maintaining a high transformation temperature, even in Ti-lean compositions.

Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.).

PubMed

Maravi, Devendra Kumar; Mazumdar, Purabi; Alam, Shamsher; Goud, Vaibhav V; Sahoo, Lingaraj

2015-01-01

The seed oil of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) as a source of biodiesel fuel is gaining worldwide importance. Commercial-scale exploration of Jatropha has not succeeded due to low and unstable seed yield in semiarid lands unsuitable for the food production and infestation to diseases. Genetic engineering is promising to improve various agronomic traits in Jatropha and to understand the molecular functions of key Jatropha genes for molecular breeding. We describe a protocol routinely followed in our laboratory for stable and efficient Agrobacterium tumefaciens-mediated transformation of Jatropha using cotyledonary leaf as explants. The 4-day-old explants are infected with Agrobacterium tumefaciens strain EHA105 harboring pBI121 plant binary vector, which contains nptII as plant selectable marker and gus as reporter. The putative transformed plants are selected on kanamycin, and stable integration of transgene(s) is confirmed by histochemical GUS assay, polymerase chain reaction, and Southern hybridization.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chang, L. L.; Wang, Y. D.; Ren, Y.

Microstructure evolution, mechanical behaviors of cold rolled Ti-Nb alloys with different Nb contents subjected to different heat treatments were investigated. Here, optical microstructure and phase compositions of Ti-Nb alloys were characterized using optical microscopy and X-ray diffractometre, while mechanical behaviors of Ti-Nb alloys were examined by using tension tests. Stress-induced martensitic transformation in a Ti-30. at%Nb binary alloy was in-situ explored by synchrotron-based high-energy X-ray diffraction (HE-XRD). The results obtained suggested that mechanical behavior of Ti-Nb alloys, especially Young's modulus was directly dependent on chemical compositions and heat treatment process. According to the results of HE-XRD, α"-V1 martensite generated priormore » to the formation of α"-V2 during loading and a partial reversible transformation from α"-V1 to β phase was detected while α"-V2 tranformed to β completely during unloading.« less

Structural, microstructural and thermal analysis of U-(6-x)Zr-xNb alloys (x = 0, 2, 4, 6)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kaity, Santu; Banerjee, Joydipta; Parida, S. C.; Bhasin, Vivek

2018-06-01

Uranium-rich U-Zr-Nb alloy is considered as a good alternative fuel for fast reactors from the perspective of excellent dimensional stability and desired thermo-physical properties to achieve higher burnup. Detailed investigations related to the structural and microstructural characterization, thermal expansion, phase transformation, microhardness were carried out on U-6Zr, U-4Zr-2Nb, U-2Zr-4Nb and U-6Nb alloys (composition in wt%) where the total amount of alloying elements was restricted to 6 wt%. Structural, microstructural and thermal analysis studies revealed that these alloys undergo a series of transformations from high temperature bcc γ-phase to a variety of equilibrium and intermediate phases depending upon alloy composition, cooling rate and quenching. The structural analysis was carried out by Rietveld refinement. The data of U-Nb and U-Zr-Nb alloys have been highlighted and compared with binary U-Zr alloy.

Application of the Polynomial-Based Least Squares and Total Least Squares Models for the Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier Transform Infrared Spectra of Binary Mixtures of Hydroxyl Compounds.

PubMed

Shan, Peng; Peng, Silong; Zhao, Yuhui; Tang, Liang

2016-03-01

An analysis of binary mixtures of hydroxyl compound by Attenuated Total Reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR FT-IR) and classical least squares (CLS) yield large model error due to the presence of unmodeled components such as H-bonded components. To accommodate these spectral variations, polynomial-based least squares (LSP) and polynomial-based total least squares (TLSP) are proposed to capture the nonlinear absorbance-concentration relationship. LSP is based on assuming that only absorbance noise exists; while TLSP takes both absorbance noise and concentration noise into consideration. In addition, based on different solving strategy, two optimization algorithms (limited-memory Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno (LBFGS) algorithm and Levenberg-Marquardt (LM) algorithm) are combined with TLSP and then two different TLSP versions (termed as TLSP-LBFGS and TLSP-LM) are formed. The optimum order of each nonlinear model is determined by cross-validation. Comparison and analyses of the four models are made from two aspects: absorbance prediction and concentration prediction. The results for water-ethanol solution and ethanol-ethyl lactate solution show that LSP, TLSP-LBFGS, and TLSP-LM can, for both absorbance prediction and concentration prediction, obtain smaller root mean square error of prediction than CLS. Additionally, they can also greatly enhance the accuracy of estimated pure component spectra. However, from the view of concentration prediction, the Wilcoxon signed rank test shows that there is no statistically significant difference between each nonlinear model and CLS. © The Author(s) 2016.

Development of a HTSMA-Actuated Surge Control Rod for High-Temperature Turbomachinery Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Padula, Santo, II; Noebe, Ronald; Bigelow, Glen; Culley, Dennis; Stevens, Mark; Penney, Nicholas; Gaydosh, Darrell; Quackenbush, Todd; Carpenter, Bernie

2007-01-01

In recent years, a demand for compact, lightweight, solid-state actuation systems has emerged, driven in part by the needs of the aeronautics industry. However, most actuation systems used in turbomachinery require not only elevated temperature but high-force capability. As a result, shape memory alloy (SMA) based systems have worked their way to the forefront of a short list of viable options to meet such a technological challenge. Most of the effort centered on shape memory systems to date has involved binary NiTi alloys but the working temperatures required in many aeronautics applications dictate significantly higher transformation temperatures than the binary systems can provide. Hence, a high temperature shape memory alloy (HTSMA) based on NiTiPdPt, having a transformation temperature near 300 C, was developed. Various thermo-mechanical processing schemes were utilized to further improve the dimensional stability of the alloy and it was later extruded/drawn into wire form to be more compatible with envisioned applications. Mechanical testing on the finished wire form showed reasonable work output capability with excellent dimensional stability. Subsequently, the wire form of the alloy was incorporated into a benchtop system, which was shown to provide the necessary stroke requirements of approx.0.125 inches for the targeted surge-control application. Cycle times for the actuator were limited to 4 seconds due to control and cooling constraints but this cycle time was determined to be adequate for the surge control application targeted as the primary requirement was initial actuation of a surge control rod, which could be completed in approximately one second.

Towards Solvation of a Chiral Alpha-Hydroxy Ester: Broadband Chirp and Narrow Band Cavity Fouirier Transform Microwave Spectroscopy of Methyl Lactate-Water Clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thomas, Javix; Sukhorukov, Oleksandr; Jaeger, Wolfgang; Xu, Yunjie

2013-06-01

Methyl lactate (ML), a chiral alpha-hydroxy ester, has attracted much attention as a prototype system in studies of chirality transfer,[1] solvation effects on chiroptical signatures,[2] and chirality recognition.[3] It has multiple functional groups which can serve both as a hydrogen donor and acceptor. By applying rotational spectroscopy and high level ab initio calculations, we examine the delicate competition between inter- and intramolecular hydrogen-bonding in the ML-water clusters. Broadband rotational spectra obtained with a chirp Fourier transform microwave (FTMW) spectrometer, reveal that the insertion conformations are the most favourable ones in the binary and ternary solvated complexes. In the insertion conformations, the water molecule(s) inserts itself (themselves) into the existing intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring formed between the alcoholic hydroxyl group and the oxygen of the carbonyl group of ML. The final frequency measurements have been carried out using a cavity based FTMW instrument where internal rotation splittings due to the ester methyl group have also been detected. A number of insertion conformers with subtle structural differences for both the binary and ternary complexes have been identified theoretically. The interconversion dynamics of these conformers and the identification of the most favorable conformers will be discussed. 1. C. Merten, Y. Xu, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 2013, 52, 2073 -2076. 2. M. Losada, Y. Xu, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 2007, 9, 3127-3135; Y. Liu, G. Yang, M. Losada, Y. Xu, J. Chem. Phys., 2010, 132, 234513/1-11. 3. A. Zehnacker, M. Suhm, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2008, 47, 6970 - 6992.

AllergenFP: allergenicity prediction by descriptor fingerprints.

PubMed

Dimitrov, Ivan; Naneva, Lyudmila; Doytchinova, Irini; Bangov, Ivan

2014-03-15

Allergenicity, like antigenicity and immunogenicity, is a property encoded linearly and non-linearly, and therefore the alignment-based approaches are not able to identify this property unambiguously. A novel alignment-free descriptor-based fingerprint approach is presented here and applied to identify allergens and non-allergens. The approach was implemented into a four step algorithm. Initially, the protein sequences are described by amino acid principal properties as hydrophobicity, size, relative abundance, helix and β-strand forming propensities. Then, the generated strings of different length are converted into vectors with equal length by auto- and cross-covariance (ACC). The vectors were transformed into binary fingerprints and compared in terms of Tanimoto coefficient. The approach was applied to a set of 2427 known allergens and 2427 non-allergens and identified correctly 88% of them with Matthews correlation coefficient of 0.759. The descriptor fingerprint approach presented here is universal. It could be applied for any classification problem in computational biology. The set of E-descriptors is able to capture the main structural and physicochemical properties of amino acids building the proteins. The ACC transformation overcomes the main problem in the alignment-based comparative studies arising from the different length of the aligned protein sequences. The conversion of protein ACC values into binary descriptor fingerprints allows similarity search and classification. The algorithm described in the present study was implemented in a specially designed Web site, named AllergenFP (FP stands for FingerPrint). AllergenFP is written in Python, with GIU in HTML. It is freely accessible at http://ddg-pharmfac.net/Allergen FP. idoytchinova@pharmfac.net or ivanbangov@shu-bg.net.

Development of an Agrobacterium-Mediated Stable Transformation Method for the Sensitive Plant Mimosa pudica

PubMed Central

Mano, Hiroaki; Fujii, Tomomi; Sumikawa, Naomi; Hiwatashi, Yuji; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu

2014-01-01

The sensitive plant Mimosa pudica has long attracted the interest of researchers due to its spectacular leaf movements in response to touch or other external stimuli. Although various aspects of this seismonastic movement have been elucidated by histological, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral approaches, the lack of reverse genetic tools has hampered the investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. To overcome this obstacle, we developed an efficient genetic transformation method for M. pudica mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium). We found that the cotyledonary node explant is suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation because of its high frequency of shoot formation, which was most efficiently induced on medium containing 0.5 µg/ml of a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Transformation efficiency of cotyledonary node cells was improved from almost 0 to 30.8 positive signals arising from the intron-sGFP reporter gene by using Agrobacterium carrying a super-binary vector pSB111 and stabilizing the pH of the co-cultivation medium with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. Furthermore, treatment of the explants with the detergent Silwet L-77 prior to co-cultivation led to a two-fold increase in the number of transformed shoot buds. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was efficiently induced by cultivation on irrigated vermiculite. The entire procedure for generating transgenic plants achieved a transformation frequency of 18.8%, which is comparable to frequencies obtained for other recalcitrant legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max) and pea (Pisum sativum). The transgene was stably integrated into the host genome and was inherited across generations, without affecting the seismonastic or nyctinastic movements of the plants. This transformation method thus provides an effective genetic tool for studying genes involved in M. pudica movements. PMID:24533121

Development of an Agrobacterium-mediated stable transformation method for the sensitive plant Mimosa pudica.

PubMed

Mano, Hiroaki; Fujii, Tomomi; Sumikawa, Naomi; Hiwatashi, Yuji; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu

2014-01-01

The sensitive plant Mimosa pudica has long attracted the interest of researchers due to its spectacular leaf movements in response to touch or other external stimuli. Although various aspects of this seismonastic movement have been elucidated by histological, physiological, biochemical, and behavioral approaches, the lack of reverse genetic tools has hampered the investigation of molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. To overcome this obstacle, we developed an efficient genetic transformation method for M. pudica mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens (Agrobacterium). We found that the cotyledonary node explant is suitable for Agrobacterium-mediated transformation because of its high frequency of shoot formation, which was most efficiently induced on medium containing 0.5 µg/ml of a synthetic cytokinin, 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP). Transformation efficiency of cotyledonary node cells was improved from almost 0 to 30.8 positive signals arising from the intron-sGFP reporter gene by using Agrobacterium carrying a super-binary vector pSB111 and stabilizing the pH of the co-cultivation medium with 2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid (MES) buffer. Furthermore, treatment of the explants with the detergent Silwet L-77 prior to co-cultivation led to a two-fold increase in the number of transformed shoot buds. Rooting of the regenerated shoots was efficiently induced by cultivation on irrigated vermiculite. The entire procedure for generating transgenic plants achieved a transformation frequency of 18.8%, which is comparable to frequencies obtained for other recalcitrant legumes, such as soybean (Glycine max) and pea (Pisum sativum). The transgene was stably integrated into the host genome and was inherited across generations, without affecting the seismonastic or nyctinastic movements of the plants. This transformation method thus provides an effective genetic tool for studying genes involved in M. pudica movements.

Phase Transformations and Formation of Ultra-Fine Microstructure During Hydrogen Sintering and Phase Transformation (HSPT) Processing of Ti-6Al-4V

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Pei; Fang, Zhigang Zak; Koopman, Mark; Xia, Yang; Paramore, James; Ravi Chandran, K. S.; Ren, Yang; Lu, Jun

2015-12-01

The hydrogen sintering and phase transformation (HSPT) process is a novel powder metallurgy method for producing Ti alloys, particularly the Ti-6Al-4V alloy, with ultra-fine microstructure in the as-sintered state. The ultra-fine microstructure is obtained as a direct result of the use of H2 gas during sintering. The refinement of the microstructure during HSPT is similar to that of thermal hydrogen processing (THP) of bulk Ti alloys. For both THP and HSPT of Ti-6Al-4V alloy, the mechanisms of the grain refinement depend on the phase equilibria and phase transformations in the presence of hydrogen, which are surprisingly still not well established to date and are still subjected to research and debate. In recent work by the present authors, a pseudo-binary phase diagram of (Ti-6Al-4V)-H has been determined by using in situ synchrotron XRD and TGA/DSC techniques. Aided by this phase diagram, the current paper focuses on the series of phase transformations during sintering and cooling of Ti-6Al-4V in a hydrogen atmosphere and the mechanisms for the formation of the ultra-fine microstructures obtained. Using experimental techniques, including in situ synchrotron XRD, SEM, EBSD, and TEM, the microstructural refinement was found to be the result of (1) the precipitation of ultra-fine α/α2 within coarse β grains during an isothermal hold at intermediate temperatures, and (2) the eutectoid transformation of β → α + δ at approximately 473 K (200 °C).

Modeling of the Structure of Disordered Metallic Alloys and Its Transformation Under Thermal Forcing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cress, Ryan Paul

The morphology of disordered binary metallic alloys is investigated. The structure of disordered binary metallic alloys is modeled as a randomly close packed (RCP) assembly of atoms. It was observed through a 2-D binary hard sphere experiment that RCP structure can be modeled as a mixture of nano-crystallites and glassy matter. We define the degree of crystallinity as the fraction of atoms contained in nano-crystallites in an RCP medium. Nano-crystallites by size in a crystallite size distribution were determined experimentally to define the morphology of the RCP medium. Both the degree of crystallinity and the crystallite size distribution have been found to be determined by the composition of a given binary mixture. A 2-D Monte Carlo simulation was developed in order to replicate the RCP structure observed in the experiment which is then extended to cases of arbitrary composition. Crystallites were assumed to be spherical with isotropic cross sections. The number of atoms in an individual crystallite in 2-D is simply transformed into the number of atoms in 3-D; we then obtain the crystallite size distribution in 3-D. This experiment accounts for the contribution from the repulsive core of the inter-atomic potential. The attractive part of the potential is recovered by constructing spherical nano-crystallites of a given radius from a crystalline specimen of each given alloy. A structural model of a disordered alloy is thus obtained. With the basic structure of the RCP medium defined, the response to heating would be in the form of changes to the crystallite size distribution. This was first investigated in a hard sphere mechanical oven experiment. The experimental setup consists of a 2-D cell which is driven by two independent stepper motors. The motors drive a binary RCP bed of spheres on a slightly tilted plane according to a chaotic algorithmm. The motors are driven at four different speed settings. The RCP medium was analyzed using a sequence of digital images taken of the beds. The bursts of images provide a Gaussian distribution of particle speeds in x and y directions thus giving rise to the notion of "temperature." This temperature scales with the motor speed settings. The measured average degree of crystallinity is found to decrease as the effective temperature was raised suggesting that nano-crystallites dissociate under thermal forcing. The evolution of a specimen's structure is calculated rigorously by means of the law of mass action formalism. A system of thermal dissociation reaction equations is written out for the set of nano-crystallites according to the 3-D crystallite size distribution. The equilibrium treatment is justified because the energy differences between metastable RCP structures fall within kT. Thermal dissociation of one surface atom at a time is assumed because the energy cost in dissociation of a surface atom on a nano-crystallite is significantly less than that of a multi atom cluster. The full set of reaction equations cover all possible dissociation steps, which may amount to several thousand for a disordered alloy specimen. The primary determining factor in each of these dissociation equations is the dissociation potential or the amount of attractive energy needed to remove a surface atom on a nano-crystallite of a given size. The attractive potential between atoms is calculated using a Lennard-Jones potential between a pair of atoms for which quantum chemistry calculations exist in the literature. All interactions impinged on the surface atom by all other atoms in a crystallite are summed. As the nano-crystallites dissociate due to heating, the structure of the alloy changes, and this leads to modifications of alloy's transport properties. The model is found to predict the melting temperature of various disordered binary alloys as well as refractory metals in good agreement with known data. The structure model for disordered binary alloys gives an excellent characterization of the alloy morphology. It therefore provides fruitful avenues for making predictions about how thermophysical properties of disordered binary alloys change as the alloy temperature is raised by heating.

A novel image enhancement algorithm based on stationary wavelet transform for infrared thermography to the de-bonding defect in solid rocket motors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Tao; Zhang, Wei; Yan, Shaoze

2015-10-01

In this paper, a multi-scale image enhancement algorithm based on low-passing filtering and nonlinear transformation is proposed for infrared testing image of the de-bonding defect in solid propellant rocket motors. Infrared testing images with high-level noise and low contrast are foundations for identifying defects and calculating the defects size. In order to improve quality of the infrared image, according to distribution properties of the detection image, within framework of stationary wavelet transform, the approximation coefficients at suitable decomposition level is processed by index low-passing filtering by using Fourier transform, after that, the nonlinear transformation is applied to further process the figure to improve the picture contrast. To verify validity of the algorithm, the image enhancement algorithm is applied to infrared testing pictures of two specimens with de-bonding defect. Therein, one specimen is made of a type of high-strength steel, and the other is a type of carbon fiber composite. As the result shown, in the images processed by the image enhancement algorithm presented in the paper, most of noises are eliminated, and contrast between defect areas and normal area is improved greatly; in addition, by using the binary picture of the processed figure, the continuous defect edges can be extracted, all of which show the validity of the algorithm. The paper provides a well-performing image enhancement algorithm for the infrared thermography.

Synthesis of Hf 8O 7, a new binary hafnium oxide, at high pressures and high temperatures

DOE PAGES

Bayarjargal, L.; Morgenroth, W.; Schrodt, N.; ...

2017-01-23

In this paper, two binary phases in the system Hf-O have been synthesized at pressures between 12 and 34 GPa and at temperatures up to 3000 K by reacting Hf with HfO 2 using a laser-heated diamond anvil cell. In situ X-ray diffraction in conjunction with density functional theory calculations has been employed to characterize a previously unreported tetragonal Hf 8O 7 phase. This phase has a structure which is based on an fcc Hf packing with oxygen atoms occupying octahedral interstitial positions. Its predicted bulk modulus is 223(1) GPa. The second phase has a composition close to Hf 6O,more » where oxygen atoms occupy octahedral interstitial sites in an hcp Hf packing. Its experimentally determined bulk modulus is 128(30) GPa. Finally, the phase diagram of Hf metal was further constrained at high pressures and temperatures, where we show that α-Hf transforms to β-Hf around 2160(150) K and 18.2 GPa and β-Hf remains stable up to at least 2800 K at this pressure.« less

Preparation of anti-adhesion surfaces on aluminium substrates of rubber plastic moulds using a coupling method of liquid plasma and electrochemical machining

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meng, Jianbing; Dong, Xiaojuan; Wei, Xiuting; Yin, Zhanmin

2014-03-01

Hard anti-adhesion surfaces, with low roughness and wear resistance, on aluminium substrates of rubber plastic moulds were fabricated via a new coupling method of liquid plasma and electrochemical machining. With the aid of liquid plasma thermal polishing and electrochemical anodic dissolution, micro/nano-scale binary structures were prepared as the base of the anti-adhesion surfaces. The anti-adhesion behaviours of the resulting aluminium surfaces were analysed by a surface roughness measuring instrument, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an optical contact angle meter, a digital Vickers micro-hardness (Hv) tester, and electronic universal testing. The results show that, after the liquid plasma and electrochemical machining, micro/nano-scale binary structures composed of micro-scale pits and nano-scale elongated boss structures were present on the sample surfaces. As a result, the anti-adhesion surfaces fabricated by the above coupling method have good anti-adhesion properties, better wear resistance and lower roughness.

Sufficient Dimension Reduction for Longitudinally Measured Predictors

PubMed Central

Pfeiffer, Ruth M.; Forzani, Liliana; Bura, Efstathia

2013-01-01

We propose a method to combine several predictors (markers) that are measured repeatedly over time into a composite marker score without assuming a model and only requiring a mild condition on the predictor distribution. Assuming that the first and second moments of the predictors can be decomposed into a time and a marker component via a Kronecker product structure, that accommodates the longitudinal nature of the predictors, we develop first moment sufficient dimension reduction techniques to replace the original markers with linear transformations that contain sufficient information for the regression of the predictors on the outcome. These linear combinations can then be combined into a score that has better predictive performance than the score built under a general model that ignores the longitudinal structure of the data. Our methods can be applied to either continuous or categorical outcome measures. In simulations we focus on binary outcomes and show that our method outperforms existing alternatives using the AUC, the area under the receiver-operator characteristics (ROC) curve, as a summary measure of the discriminatory ability of a single continuous diagnostic marker for binary disease outcomes. PMID:22161635

Preparation of anti-adhesion surfaces on aluminium substrates of rubber plastic moulds using a coupling method of liquid plasma and electrochemical machining

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meng, Jianbing, E-mail: jianbingmeng@126.com; Dong, Xiaojuan; Wei, Xiuting

Hard anti-adhesion surfaces, with low roughness and wear resistance, on aluminium substrates of rubber plastic moulds were fabricated via a new coupling method of liquid plasma and electrochemical machining. With the aid of liquid plasma thermal polishing and electrochemical anodic dissolution, micro/nano-scale binary structures were prepared as the base of the anti-adhesion surfaces. The anti-adhesion behaviours of the resulting aluminium surfaces were analysed by a surface roughness measuring instrument, a scanning electron microscope (SEM), a Fourier-transform infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR), an X-ray diffractometer (XRD), an optical contact angle meter, a digital Vickers micro-hardness (Hv) tester, and electronic universal testing. The resultsmore » show that, after the liquid plasma and electrochemical machining, micro/nano-scale binary structures composed of micro-scale pits and nano-scale elongated boss structures were present on the sample surfaces. As a result, the anti-adhesion surfaces fabricated by the above coupling method have good anti-adhesion properties, better wear resistance and lower roughness.« less

Predicting mixture phase equilibria and critical behavior using the SAFT-VRX approach.

PubMed

Sun, Lixin; Zhao, Honggang; Kiselev, Sergei B; McCabe, Clare

2005-05-12

The SAFT-VRX equation of state combines the SAFT-VR equation with a crossover function that smoothly transforms the classical equation into a nonanalytical form close to the critical point. By a combinination of the accuracy of the SAFT-VR approach away from the critical region with the asymptotic scaling behavior seen at the critical point of real fluids, the SAFT-VRX equation can accurately describe the global fluid phase diagram. In previous work, we demonstrated that the SAFT-VRX equation very accurately describes the pvT and phase behavior of both nonassociating and associating pure fluids, with a minimum of fitting to experimental data. Here, we present a generalized SAFT-VRX equation of state for binary mixtures that is found to accurately predict the vapor-liquid equilibrium and pvT behavior of the systems studied. In particular, we examine binary mixtures of n-alkanes and carbon dioxide + n-alkanes. The SAFT-VRX equation accurately describes not only the gas-liquid critical locus for these systems but also the vapor-liquid equilibrium phase diagrams and thermal properties in single-phase regions.

Structure and tunneling dynamics in a model system of peptide co-solvents: rotational spectroscopy of the 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol⋯water complex.

PubMed

Thomas, Javix; Xu, Yunjie

2014-06-21

The hydrogen-bonding topology and tunneling dynamics of the binary adduct, 2,2,2-trifluoroethanol (TFE)⋯water, were investigated using chirped pulse and cavity based Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy with the aid of high level ab initio calculations. Rotational spectra of the most stable binary TFE⋯water conformer and five of its deuterium isotopologues were assigned. A strong preference for the insertion binding topology where water is inserted into the existing intramolecular hydrogen-bonded ring of TFE was observed. Tunneling splittings were detected in all of the measured rotational transitions of TFE⋯water. Based on the relative intensity of the two tunneling components and additional isotopic data, the splitting can be unambiguously attributed to the tunneling motion of the water subunit, i.e., the interchange of the bonded and nonbonded hydrogen atoms of water. The absence of any other splitting in the rotational transitions of all isotopologues observed indicates that the tunneling between g+ and g- TFE is quenched in the TFE⋯H2O complex.

Physicochemical properties and solubility of alkyl-(2-hydroxyethyl)-dimethylammonium bromide.

PubMed

Domańska, Urszula; Bogel-Łukasik, Rafał

2005-06-23

Quaternary ammonium salts, which are precursors of ionic liquids, have been prepared from N,N-dimethylethanolamine as a substrate. The paper includes specific basic characterization of synthesized compounds via the following procedures: nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, water content, mass spectroscopy (MS) spectra, temperatures of decompositions, basic thermodynamic properties of pure ionic liquids (the melting point, enthalpy of fusion, enthalpy of solid-solid phase transition, glass transition), and the difference in the solute heat capacity between the liquid and solid at the melting temperature determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The (solid + liquid) phase equilibria of binary mixtures containing (quaternary ammonium salt + water, or + 1-octanol) has been measured by a dynamic method over wide range of temperatures, from 230 K to 560 K. These data were correlated by means of the UNIQUAC ASM and modified nonrandom two-liquid NRTL1 equations utilizing parameters derived from the (solid + liquid) equilibrium. The partition coefficient of ionic liquid in the 1-octanol/water binary system has been calculated from the solubility results. Experimental partition coefficients (log P) were negative at three temperatures.

Highly efficient SO₂ absorption and its subsequent utilization by weak base/polyethylene glycol binary system.

PubMed

Yang, Zhen-Zhen; He, Liang-Nian; Zhao, Ya-Nan; Yu, Bing

2013-02-05

A binary system consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG, proton donor)/PEG-functionalized base with suitable basicity was developed for efficient gas desulfurization (GDS) and can be regarded as an alternative approach to circumvent the energy penalty problem in the GDS process. High capacity for SO(2) capture up to 4.88 mol of SO(2)/mol of base was achieved even under low partial pressure of SO(2). Furthermore, SO(2) desorption runs smoothly under mild conditions (N(2), 25 °C) and no significant drop in SO(2) absorption was observed after five-successive absorption-desorption cycles. On the other hand, the absorbed SO(2) by PEG(150)MeIm/PEG(150), being considered as the activated form of SO(2), can be directly transformed into value-added chemicals under mild conditions, thus eliminating the energy penalty for SO(2) desorption and simultaneously realizing recycle of the absorbents. Thus, this SO(2) capture and utilization (SCU) process offers an alternative way for GDS and potentially enables the SO(2) conversion from flue gas to useful chemicals as a value-added process.

Toward Optimal Manifold Hashing via Discrete Locally Linear Embedding.

PubMed

Rongrong Ji; Hong Liu; Liujuan Cao; Di Liu; Yongjian Wu; Feiyue Huang

2017-11-01

Binary code learning, also known as hashing, has received increasing attention in large-scale visual search. By transforming high-dimensional features to binary codes, the original Euclidean distance is approximated via Hamming distance. More recently, it is advocated that it is the manifold distance, rather than the Euclidean distance, that should be preserved in the Hamming space. However, it retains as an open problem to directly preserve the manifold structure by hashing. In particular, it first needs to build the local linear embedding in the original feature space, and then quantize such embedding to binary codes. Such a two-step coding is problematic and less optimized. Besides, the off-line learning is extremely time and memory consuming, which needs to calculate the similarity matrix of the original data. In this paper, we propose a novel hashing algorithm, termed discrete locality linear embedding hashing (DLLH), which well addresses the above challenges. The DLLH directly reconstructs the manifold structure in the Hamming space, which learns optimal hash codes to maintain the local linear relationship of data points. To learn discrete locally linear embeddingcodes, we further propose a discrete optimization algorithm with an iterative parameters updating scheme. Moreover, an anchor-based acceleration scheme, termed Anchor-DLLH, is further introduced, which approximates the large similarity matrix by the product of two low-rank matrices. Experimental results on three widely used benchmark data sets, i.e., CIFAR10, NUS-WIDE, and YouTube Face, have shown superior performance of the proposed DLLH over the state-of-the-art approaches.

A feedback control strategy for the airfoil system under non-Gaussian colored noise excitation.

PubMed

Huang, Yong; Tao, Gang

2014-09-01

The stability of a binary airfoil with feedback control under stochastic disturbances, a non-Gaussian colored noise, is studied in this paper. First, based on some approximated theories and methods the non-Gaussian colored noise is simplified to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Furthermore, via the stochastic averaging method and the logarithmic polar transformation, one dimensional diffusion process can be obtained. At last by applying the boundary conditions, the largest Lyapunov exponent which can determine the almost-sure stability of the system and the effective region of control parameters is calculated.

Adaptive particle swarm optimization for optimal orbital elements of binary stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Attia, Abdel-Fattah

2016-12-01

The paper presents an adaptive particle swarm optimization (APSO) as an alternative method to determine the optimal orbital elements of the star η Bootis of MK type G0 IV. The proposed algorithm transforms the problem of finding periodic orbits into the problem of detecting global minimizers as a function, to get a best fit of Keplerian and Phase curves. The experimental results demonstrate that the proposed approach of APSO generally more accurate than the standard particle swarm optimization (PSO) and other published optimization algorithms, in terms of solution accuracy, convergence speed and algorithm reliability.

A feedback control strategy for the airfoil system under non-Gaussian colored noise excitation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Huang, Yong, E-mail: hy@njust.edu.cn, E-mail: taogang@njust.edu.cn; Tao, Gang, E-mail: hy@njust.edu.cn, E-mail: taogang@njust.edu.cn

2014-09-01

The stability of a binary airfoil with feedback control under stochastic disturbances, a non-Gaussian colored noise, is studied in this paper. First, based on some approximated theories and methods the non-Gaussian colored noise is simplified to an Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process. Furthermore, via the stochastic averaging method and the logarithmic polar transformation, one dimensional diffusion process can be obtained. At last by applying the boundary conditions, the largest Lyapunov exponent which can determine the almost-sure stability of the system and the effective region of control parameters is calculated.

Wave computation on the Poincaré dodecahedral space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachelot-Motet, Agnès

2013-12-01

We compute the waves propagating on a compact 3-manifold of constant positive curvature with a non-trivial topology: the Poincaré dodecahedral space that is a plausible model of multi-connected universe. We transform the Cauchy problem to a mixed problem posed on a fundamental domain determined by the quaternionic calculus. We adopt a variational approach using a space of finite elements that is invariant under the action of the binary icosahedral group. The computation of the transient waves is validated with their spectral analysis by computing a lot of eigenvalues of the Laplace-Beltrami operator.

Development of efficient plant regeneration and transformation system for impatiens using Agrobacterium tumefaciens and multiple bud cultures as explants.

PubMed

Dan, Yinghui; Baxter, Aaron; Zhang, Song; Pantazis, Christopher J; Veilleux, Richard E

2010-08-09

Impatiens (Impatiens walleriana) is a top selling floriculture crop. The potential for genetic transformation of Impatiens to introduce novel flower colors or virus resistance has been limited by its general recalcitrance to tissue culture and transformation manipulations. We have established a regeneration and transformation system for Impatiens that provides new alternatives to genetic improvement of this crop. In a first step towards the development of transgenic INSV-resistant Impatiens, we developed an efficient plant regeneration system using hypocotyl segments containing cotyledonary nodes as explants. With this regeneration system, 80% of explants produced an average of 32.3 elongated shoots per initial explant plated, with up to 167 elongated shoots produced per explant. Rooting efficiency was high, and 100% of shoots produced roots within 12 days under optimal conditions, allowing plant regeneration within approximately 8 weeks. Using this regeneration system, we developed an efficient Agrobacterium-mediated Impatiens transformation method using in vitro multiple bud cultures as explants and a binary plasmid (pHB2892) bearing gfp and nptII genes. Transgenic Impatiens plants, with a frequency up to 58.9%, were obtained within 12 to 16 weeks from inoculation to transfer of transgenic plants to soil. Transgenic plants were confirmed by Southern blot, phenotypic assays and T1 segregation analysis. Transgene expression was observed in leaves, stems, roots, flowers, and fruit. The transgenic plants were fertile and phenotypically normal. We report the development of a simple and efficient Agrobacterium-mediated transformation system for Impatiens. To the best of our knowledge, there have been no reports of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of Impatiens with experimental evidence of stable integration of T-DNA and of Agrobacterium-mediated transformation method for plants using in vitro maintained multiple bud cultures as explants. This transformation system has the advantages of 1) efficient, simple and rapid regeneration and transformation (with no need for sterilization or a greenhouse to grow stock plants), 2) flexibility (available all the time) for in vitro manipulation, 3) uniform and desirable green tissue explants for both nuclear and plastid transformation using Agrobacterium-mediated and biolistics methods, 4) no somaclonal variation and 5) resolution of necrosis of Agrobacterium-inoculated tissues.

Normal-inverse bimodule operation Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry.

PubMed

Hong, Yan; Huang, Chaoqun; Liu, Sheng; Xia, Lei; Shen, Chengyin; Chu, Yannan

2018-10-31

In order to suppress or eliminate the spurious peaks and improve signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of Hadamard transform ion mobility spectrometry (HT-IMS), a normal-inverse bimodule operation Hadamard transform - ion mobility spectrometry (NIBOHT-IMS) technique was developed. In this novel technique, a normal and inverse pseudo random binary sequence (PRBS) was produced in sequential order by an ion gate controller and utilized to control the ion gate of IMS, and then the normal HT-IMS mobility spectrum and the inverse HT-IMS mobility spectrum were obtained. A NIBOHT-IMS mobility spectrum was gained by subtracting the inverse HT-IMS mobility spectrum from normal HT-IMS mobility spectrum. Experimental results demonstrate that the NIBOHT-IMS technique can significantly suppress or eliminate the spurious peaks, and enhance the SNR by measuring the reactant ions. Furthermore, the gas CHCl 3 and CH 2 Br 2 were measured for evaluating the capability of detecting real sample. The results show that the NIBOHT-IMS technique is able to eliminate the spurious peaks and improve the SNR notably not only for the detection of larger ion signals but also for the detection of small ion signals. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.