Hydrogen blistering under extreme radiation conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sznajder, Maciej; Geppert, Ulrich; Dudek, Miroslaw

2018-01-01

Metallic surfaces, exposed to a proton flux, start to degradate by molecular hydrogen blisters. These are created by recombination of protons with metal electrons. Continued irradiation progresses blistering, which is undesired for many technical applications. In this work, the effect of the proton flux magnitude onto the degradation of native metal oxide layers and its consequences for blister formation has been examined. To study this phenomenon, we performed proton irradiation experiments of aluminium surfaces. The proton kinetic energy was chosen so that all recombined hydrogen is trapped within the metal structure. As a result, we discovered that intense proton irradiation increases the permeability of aluminium oxide layers for hydrogen atoms, thereby counteracting blister formation. These findings may improve the understanding of the hydrogen blistering process, are valid for all metals kept under terrestrial ambient conditions, and important for the design of proton irradiation tests.

The Causes of Boat Hull Blisters

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-05-01

blistering. The report is divided into the following sections: Introduction; How Blisters Form; the Hull Material; Manufacturing Processes; Water Diffusion...Term Effects of Water Up-Takeo " The much more detailed and highly technical report of thia-Vsrk is entitled "The Causes of Blistering in Boat Building...Chemical Engineering, ably assisted by several graduate students, and was completed in the fall of 1986. The report itself, d List-ribution/_ Availabilit

Relationship between theoretical molecular weight and blister fluid/serum ratio of cytokines and five other molecules evaluated in patients with bullous pemphigoid.

PubMed

D'Auria, L; Pimpinelli, F; Ferraro, C; D'Ambrogio, G; Giacalone, B; Bellocci, M; Ameglio, F

1998-01-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) blisters contain several molecules, some of which spread into the blisters from the interstitial fluid, while others are produced locally and migrate into the circulation. The calculation of the ratios between blister/serum concentrations may help to distinguish between these two types of molecules. The rules regulating the diffusion of the molecules have been described only in suction blisters, where the theoretical molecular weight (MW) represents one of the principal influencing factors. The aim of the present study was to analyse the relationship between theoretical MWs and the ratios of concentrations of several molecules evaluated both in sera and in blister fluids. Eight cytokines (interleukin-2, interleukin-3, interleukin-4, interleukin-5, interleukin-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha, oncostatin-M and vascular endothelial growth factor), two acute phase reactants (alpha-1 acid glycoprotein, haptoglobin), albumin, one soluble membrane molecule with adhesion functions (sICAM-1) and the eosinophil cathionic protein (ECP) were measured in samples from 15 patients affected with BP by means of commercially available tests. The data suggest that the MW may influence the rate of diffusion throughout the blister, both in input and output directions, despite the discontinuity observed at the basement membrane level on the BP blister floor.

Behavior of implanted hydrogen in thermally stimulated blistering in silicon

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aleksandrov, P. A.; Baranova, E. K.; Baranova, I. V.; Budaragin, V. V.; Litvinov, V. L.

2003-11-01

The processes of accumulation of ion implanted hydrogen in blisters in silicon and its release during the thermal treatment from 350 to 1020degreesC have been studied by optical techniques. It was established that accumulation of gaseous hydrogen inside blisters takes place at temperatures lower than similar to450-500degreesC and is accompanied by the growth of blister thickness and deformation of their caps. At higher temperatures the gaseous hydrogen goes out of the cavities dissolving in silicon. Due to the internal pressure dropping the elastically deformed top layer partially relaxes and the blister thickness decreases. Etching of the surface layer reveals the agglomerations of small voids (<0.3 mm) located in the place of blisters approximately at their depth. Proceeding from the fact that the processes in blistering are similar to those in ion cut, the following conclusions with respect to the latter were drawn. The exfoliation processes themselves occur at temperatures lower than similar to500degreesC. The exfoliation efficiency particularly at the higher temperatures is essentially dependent on the heating rate.

Hand Blisters in Major League Baseball Pitchers: Current Concepts and Management.

PubMed

McNamara, Andrew R; Ensell, Scott; Farley, Timothy D

2016-01-01

Friction blisters are a common sequela of many athletic activities. Their significance can range from minor annoyance to major performance disruptions. The latter is particularly true in baseball pitchers, who sustain repeated trauma between the baseball seams and the fingers of the pitching hand, predominately at the tips of the index and long fingers. Since 2010, 6 Major League Baseball (MLB) players accounted for 7 stints on the disabled list (DL) due to blisters. These injuries resulted in a total of 151 days spent on the DL. Since 2012, 8 minor league players spent time on the DL due to blisters. Moreover, there have been several documented and publicized instances of professional baseball pitchers suffering blisters that did not require placement on the DL but did result in injury time and missed starts. The purpose of this article is to review the etiology and pathophysiology of friction blisters with particular reference to baseball pitchers; provide an overview of past and current prevention methods; and discuss our experience in treating friction blisters in MLB pitchers.

Blister fluid cytokines in cutaneous inflammatory bullous disorders.

PubMed

Rhodes, L E; Hashim, I A; McLaughlin, P J; Friedmann, P S

1999-07-01

Cytokines are important regulators of immune and inflammatory reactions in the skin, and may contribute to inflammatory blister induction. We examined the profiles of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) in fluid of spontaneous blisters in the immune-based inflammatory disorders bullous pemphigoid (8 patients), allergic contact dermatitis (5 patients) and toxic epidermal necrolysis (5 patients). These were compared with levels in 9 patients with burns, i.e. inflammatory blisters of non-immune aetiology, and 4 patients with blisters of physical origin. Very high levels of IL-6 were found in bullous pemphigoid and toxic epidermal necrolysis (p<0.001) compared with non-inflammatory and burn blisters. TNF-alpha levels were high in bullous pemphigoid and burns, but undetectable in non-inflammatory blisters. The pattern in bullous pemphigoid (very high IL-6, high TNF-alpha) differed substantially from toxic epidermal necrolysis (very high IL-6, low TNF-alpha), while burns and allergic contact dermatitis showed lesser elevation of both cytokines. Hence, differences in cytokine profiles were identified, although the relevance to underlying pathomechanisms is uncertain.

Prevention of foot blisters.

PubMed

Knapik, Joseph J

2014-01-01

Foot blisters are the most common medical problem faced by Soldiers during foot march operations and, if untreated, they can lead to infection. Foot blisters are caused by boots rubbing on the foot (frictional forces), which separates skin layers and allows fluid to seep in. Blisters can be prevented by wearing properly sized boots, conditioning feet through regular road marching, wearing socks that reduce reduce friction and moisture, and possibly applying antiperspirants to the feet. 2014.

Burn wound sepsis may be promoted by a failure of local antibacterial host defenses.

PubMed Central

Deitch, E A; Bridges, R M; Dobke, M; McDonald, J C

1987-01-01

Little attention has been focused on the local burn wound environment, even though burn wound sepsis is a common cause of death in the burn victim. To characterize the effect of the local burn wound environment on neutrophil function and metabolism, the opsonic activity of blister fluid specimens against Pseudomonas aeruginosa was measured as was the effect of blister fluid on control neutrophil oxygen consumption using preopsonized zymosan and f-met-leu-phe (FMLP) as stimuli. Blister fluid did not support the killing of P. aeruginosa by normal neutrophils as well as normal serum. Additionally, blister fluid inhibited zymosan-stimulated, but not FMLP-stimulated, neutrophil oxygen consumption. The inhibitory effect of blister fluid on zymosan-stimulated oxygen consumption correlated with the extent of complement activation, measured as C3d or C3AI (p less than 0.01). That blister fluid did not inhibit the FMLP-mediated respiratory burst supports the concept that the blister fluid inhibitory effect on the zymosan-mediated respiratory burst was mediated through the complement receptor. These findings that blister fluid can affect the bactericidal and metabolic activity of normal neutrophils support the concept that cellular function can be altered by the microenvironment in which the cells are bathed. This potential impairment of host defenses within the burn wound could predispose the burn victim to burn wound sepsis. PMID:3115207

Long-term follow-up analysis of microsurgical clip ligation and endovascular coil embolization for dorsal wall blister aneurysms of the internal carotid artery.

PubMed

Brown, Mason A; Guandique, Cristian F; Parish, Jonathan; McMillan, Aubrey C; Lehnert, Stephen; Mansour, Nassir; Tu, Michael; Bohnstedt, Bradley N; Payner, Troy D; Leipzig, Thomas J; DeNardo, Andrew J; Scott, John A; Cohen-Gadol, Aaron A

2017-05-01

Blister aneurysms at non-branching sites of the dorsal internal carotid artery (dICA) are fragile, rare, and often difficult to treat. The purpose of this study is to address the demographics, treatment modalities, and long-term outcome of patients treated for dICA blister aneurysms. A retrospective review of medical records identified all consecutive patients who presented with a blister aneurysm from 2002 to 2011 at our institution. Eighteen patients (M=7, F=11; mean age: 48.4±15.1years; range: 15-65years) harbored a total of 43 aneurysms, 25 of which were dorsal wall blister aneurysms of the ICA. Eleven (61.1%) patients presented with aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (aSAH), and 10 (55.6%) patients had multiple aneurysms at admission. Twelve patients had 18 aneurysms that were treated microsurgically. Five (41.7%) of these patients had a single recurrence that was retreated with subsequent repeat clip ligation. Six patients had 7 blister aneurysms that were treated with endovascularly. One (16.7%) of these patients had a single recurrence that was retreated with subsequent coil embolization. Postoperative vasospasm occurred in 8 (44.4%) patients, one of whom suffered from a stroke. This is one of the largest single-institution dICA blister aneurysm studies to date. There was no detected significant difference between microsurgical clip ligation and endovascular coil embolization in terms of surgical outcome. These blister aneurysms demonstrate a propensity to be associated with multiple cerebral aneurysms. Strict clinical and angiographic long-term follow-up may be warranted. Blister aneurysms are focal wall defects covered by a thin layer of fibrous tissue and adventitia, lacking the usual collagenous layer. Due to their pathologically thin vessel wall, blister aneurysms are prone to rupture. The management of these rare and fragile aneurysms presents a number of challenges. Here, we address the long-term outcome of patients treated for blister aneurysms at non-branching sites of the dICA. The presented data and analysis is imperative to determine the necessary strict long-term clinical and angiographic follow-up. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Cracks and blisters formed close to a silicon wafer surface by He-H co-implantation at low energy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cherkashin, N., E-mail: nikolay.cherkashin@cemes.fr; Darras, F.-X.; Claverie, A.

2015-12-28

We have studied the effect of reducing the implantation energy towards low keV values on the areal density of He and H atoms stored within populations of blister cavities formed by co-implantation of the same fluence of He then H ions into Si(001) wafers and annealing. Using a variety of experimental techniques, we have measured blister heights and depth from the surface, diameter, areal density of the cracks from which they originate as functions of implantation energy and fluence. We show that there is a direct correlation between the diameters of the cracks and the heights of the associated blisters.more » This correlation only depends on the implantation energy, i.e., only on the depth at which the cracks are located. Using finite element method modeling, we infer the pressure inside the blister cavities from the elastic deformations they generate, i.e., from the height of the blisters. From this, we demonstrate that the gas pressure within a blister only depends on the diameter of the associated crack and not on its depth position and derive an analytical expression relating these parameters. Relating the pressure inside a blister to the respective concentrations of gas molecules it contains, we deduce the areal densities of He and H atoms contained within the populations of blisters. After low-energy implantations (8 keV He{sup +}, 3 keV H{sup +}), all the implanted He and H atoms contribute to the formation of the blisters. There is no measurable exo-diffusion of any of the implanted gases, in contrast to what was assumed at the state of the art to explain the failure of the Smart-Cut technology when using very low energy ion implantation for the fabrication of ultra-thin layers. Alternative explanations must be investigated.« less

How to recognize blister rust infection on whitebark pine

Treesearch

Ray J. Hoff

1992-01-01

Color photographs show how white pine blister rust can be identified. In addition, the photographs show how pines resistant to the fungus could be identified. Such trees could be used to develop a new variety of whitebark pine that is resistant to blister rust.

Research Techniques Made Simple: Mouse Models of Autoimmune Blistering Diseases.

PubMed

Pollmann, Robert; Eming, Rüdiger

2017-01-01

Autoimmune blistering diseases are examples of autoantibody-mediated, organ-specific autoimmune disorders. Based on a genetic susceptibility, such as a strong HLA-class II association, as yet unknown triggering factors induce the formation of circulating and tissue-bound autoantibodies that are mainly directed against adhesion structures of the skin and mucous membranes. Compared with other autoimmune diseases, especially systemic disorders, the pathogenicity of autoimmune blistering diseases is relatively well described. Several animal models of autoimmune blistering diseases have been established that helped to uncover the immunological and molecular mechanisms underlying the blistering phenotypes. Each in vivo model focuses on specific aspects of the autoimmune cascade, from loss of immunological tolerance on the level of T and B cells to the pathogenic effects of autoantibodies upon binding to their target autoantigen. We discuss current mouse models of autoimmune blistering diseases, including models of pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and dermatitis herpetiformis. Copyright © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Creating nanostructures on silicon using ion blistering and electron beam lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giguère, Alexandre; Beerens, Jean; Terreault, Bernard

2006-01-01

We have investigated the patterning of silicon surfaces using ion blistering in conjunction with e-beam lithography. Variable width (150-5000 nm) trenches were first written in 500 nm thick PMMA resist spin coated on silicon, using an electron beam. Next, 10 keV H2+ ions were implanted to various fluences through the masks. The resist was then removed and the samples were rapidly thermally annealed at 900 °C. The resulting surface morphologies were investigated by atomic force microscopy. In the wider trenches, round blisters with 600-900 nm diameter are observed, which are similar to those observed on unmasked surfaces. In submicron trenches, there is a transition in morphology, caused by the proximity to the border. The blisters are smaller and they are densely aligned along the trench direction ('string of pearls' pattern). Unusual blister geometries are observed in the narrowest trenches (150 nm) at higher H doses (>=1 × 1017 H cm-2)—such as tubular blisters aligned along the trench. It was also found that for H doses of >=6 × 1016 H cm-2 the surface swells uniformly, which has implications for the blistering mechanism. The prospects for accomplishing ion cutting, layer transfer and bonding of finely delineated patterns of silicon onto another material are discussed in the light of the above results.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mitchell K Meyer

Blister–threshold testing of fuel plates is a standard method through which the safety margin for operation of plate-type in research and test reactors is assessed. The blister-threshold temperature is indicative of the ability of fuel to operate at high temperatures for short periods of time (transient conditions) without failure. This method of testing was applied to the newly developed U-Mo monolithic fuel system. Blister annealing studies on the U-Mo monolithic fuel plates began in 2007, with the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactors (RERTR)-6 experiment, and they have continued as the U-Mo fuel system has evolved through the researchmore » and development process. Blister anneal threshold temperatures from early irradiation experiments (RERTR-6 through RERTR-10) ranged from 400 to 500°C. These temperatures were projected to be acceptable for NRC-licensed research reactors and the high-power Advanced Test Reactor (ATR) and the High Flux Isotope Reactor (HFIR) based on current safety-analysis reports (SARs). Initial blister testing results from the RERTR-12 experiment capsules X1 and X2 showed a decrease in the blister-threshold temperatures. Blister threshold temperatures from this experiment ranged from 300 to 400°C. Selected plates from the AFIP-4 experiment, which was fabricated using a process similar to that used to fabricate the RERTR-12 experiment, also underwent blister testing to determine whether results would be similar. The measured blister-threshold temperatures from the AFIP-4 plates fell within the same blister-threshold temperature range measured in the RERTR-12 plates. Investigation of the cause of this decrease in bister threshold temperature is being conducted under the guidance of Idaho National Laboratory PLN-4155, “Analysis of Low Blister Threshold Temperatures in the RERTR-12 and AFIP-4 Experiments,” and is driven by hypotheses. The main focus of the investigation is in the following areas: 1. Fabrication variables 2. Pre-irradiation characterization 3. Irradiation conditions 4. Post-irradiation examination 5. Additional blister testing 6. Mechanical modeling This report documents the preliminary results of this investigation. Several hypotheses can be dismissed as a result of this investigation. Two primary categories of causes remain. The most prominent theory, supported by the data, is that low blister-threshold temperature is the result of mechanical energy imparted on the samples during the fabrication process (hot and cold rolling) without adequate post processing (annealing). The mechanisms are not clearly understood and require further investigation, but can be divided into two categories: • Residual Stress • Undesirable interaction boundary and/or U-Mo microstructure change A secondary theory that cannot be dismissed with the information that is currently available is that a change in the test conditions has resulted in a statistically significant downward shift of measured blister temperature. This report outlines the results of the forensic investigations conducted to date. The data and conclusions presented in this report are preliminary. Definitive cause and effect relationships will be established by future experimental programs.« less

Measuring Patient Adherence to Malaria Treatment: A Comparison of Results from Self-Report and a Customised Electronic Monitoring Device

PubMed Central

Bruxvoort, Katia; Festo, Charles; Cairns, Matthew; Kalolella, Admirabilis; Mayaya, Frank; Kachur, S. Patrick; Schellenberg, David; Goodman, Catherine

2015-01-01

Background Self-report is the most common and feasible method for assessing patient adherence to medication, but can be prone to recall bias and social desirability bias. Most studies assessing adherence to artemisinin-based combination therapies (ACTs) have relied on self-report. In this study, we use a novel customised electronic monitoring device—termed smart blister packs—to examine the validity of self-reported adherence to artemether-lumefantrine (AL) in southern Tanzania. Methods Smart blister packs were designed to look identical to locally available AL blister packs and to record the date and time each tablet was removed from packaging. Patients obtaining AL at randomly selected health facilities and drug stores were followed up at home three days later and interviewed about each dose of AL taken. Blister packs were requested for pill count and extraction of smart blister pack data. Results Data on adherence from both self-report verified by pill count and smart blister packs were available for 696 of 1,204 patients. There was no difference between methods in the proportion of patients assessed to have completed treatment (64% and 67%, respectively). However, the percentage taking the correct number of pills for each dose at the correct times (timely completion) was higher by self-report than smart blister packs (37% vs. 24%; p<0.0001). By smart blister packs, 64% of patients completing treatment did not take the correct number of pills per dose or did not take each dose at the correct time interval. Conclusion Smart blister packs resulted in lower estimates of timely completion of AL and may be less prone to recall and social desirability bias. They may be useful when data on patterns of adherence are desirable to evaluate treatment outcomes. Improved methods of collecting self-reported data are needed to minimise bias and maximise comparability between studies. PMID:26214848

Problems experienced by older people when opening medicine packaging.

PubMed

Philbert, Daphne; Notenboom, Kim; Bouvy, Marcel L; van Geffen, Erica C G

2014-06-01

Medicine packages can cause problems in daily practice, especially among older people. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence of problems experienced by older people when opening medicine packaging and to investigate how patients manage these problems. A convenience sample of 30 community pharmacies participated in this study. They selected a systematic sample of 30 patients over 65 years old with a recent omeprazole prescription, and a questionnaire was administered by telephone for at least 10 patients per pharmacy. A total of 317 patients completed the questionnaire. They received their omeprazole in a bottle (n = 179, 56.5%), push-through blister pack (n = 102, 32.2%) or peel-off blister pack (n = 36, 11.4%). Some 28.4% of all patients experienced one or more problems with opening their omeprazole packaging; most problems occurred with peel-off blisters (n = 24, 66.7% of all respondents using peel-off blisters), followed by push-through blisters (n = 34, 33.3%) and finally bottles (n = 32, 17.9%). The risk of experiencing problems with peel-off blisters and push-through blisters was higher [relative risk 3.7 (95% confidence interval 2.5-5.5) and 1.9 (1.2-2.8), respectively] than the risk of experiencing problems with opening bottles. Two-thirds of respondents reported management strategies for their problems. Most were found for problems opening bottles (n = 24, 75%), followed by push-through blisters (n = 24, 70.6%) and peel-off blisters (n = 14, 58.3%). One in four patients over 65 experienced difficulties opening their omeprazole packaging and not all of them reported a management strategy for their problems. Manufacturers are advised to pay more attention to the user-friendliness of product packaging. In addition, it is important that pharmacy staff clearly instruct patients on how to open their medicine packaging, or assist them in choosing the most appropriate packaging. © 2013 Royal Pharmaceutical Society.

Detection of Anti-basement Membrane Zone Antibodies in the Blister Fluid in Subepidermal Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

PubMed Central

Surya, Ravindran; Tejasvi, Bobbili; Shenoi, Shrutakirthi D; Pai, Sathish; Rao, Chythra; Rao, Raghavendra

2017-01-01

Background: Subepidermal autoimmune bullous diseases (sAIBD) are diverse of conditions with clinicopathological overlap. Circulating autoantibodies in the serum can be demonstrated using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) microscopy. Artificially split normal human skin is considered as an optimum substrate for the demonstration of anti-basement membrane zone (BMZ) antibodies using IIF in sAIBD; it not only helps to detect the presence of circulating antibodies in the serum but also helps to subclassify these conditions into “roof” and “floor” binding disorders. Aim: In this study, we evaluated the utility of IIF to detect anti-BMZ antibodies in the blister fluid of patients with sAIBD. Materials and Methods: Twenty-two patients with a clinical diagnosis of sAIBD were enrolled in the study. IIF of serum and blister fluid were done simultaneously using salt-split skin as a substrate. Results: Anti-BMZ antibodies could be detected in the blister fluid using IIF in all patients in the study group. Limitation: We could not do enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay of blister fluid. This would have given us the quantitative data of circulating antibodies in the blister fluid. Conclusion: Blister fluid offers an alternate source for the detection of autoantibodies in patients with sAIBD. It may be of particular help in children and in elderly with poor venous access. PMID:29263541

21 CFR 310.537 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral administration for the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores... the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores. (a) l-lysine (lysine, lysine hydrochloride... products to treat fever blisters and cold sores. There is a lack of adequate data to establish general...

21 CFR 310.537 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral administration for the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores... the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores. (a) l-lysine (lysine, lysine hydrochloride... products to treat fever blisters and cold sores. There is a lack of adequate data to establish general...

21 CFR 310.537 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral administration for the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores... the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores. (a) l-lysine (lysine, lysine hydrochloride... products to treat fever blisters and cold sores. There is a lack of adequate data to establish general...

21 CFR 310.537 - Drug products containing active ingredients offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... offered over-the-counter (OTC) for oral administration for the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores... the treatment of fever blisters and cold sores. (a) l-lysine (lysine, lysine hydrochloride... products to treat fever blisters and cold sores. There is a lack of adequate data to establish general...

Can microscale meteorological conditions predict the impact of white pine blister rust in Colorado and Wyoming?

Treesearch

William R. Jacobi; Betsy A. Goodrich; Holly S. J. Kearns; Kelly S. Burns; Brian W. Geils

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust occurs when there are compatible interactions between susceptible hosts (white pines and Ribes spp.), inoculum (Cronartium ribicola spores), and local weather conditions during infection. The five spore stages of the white pine blister rust (WPBR) fungus have specific temperature and moisture conditions necessary for production, germination, and...

White pines, blister rust, and management in the Southwest

Treesearch

D. A. Conklin; M Fairweather; D Ryerson; B Geils; D Vogler

2009-01-01

White pines in New Mexico and Arizona are threatened by the invasive disease white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola. Blister rust is already causing severe damage to a large population of southwestern white pine in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico. Recent detection in northern and western New Mexico suggests that a major expansion of the...

A prospective randomized blister prevention trial assessing paper tape in endurance distances (Pre-TAPED).

PubMed

Lipman, Grant S; Ellis, Mark A; Lewis, Erica J; Waite, Brandee L; Lissoway, John; Chan, Garrett K; Krabak, Brian J

2014-12-01

Friction foot blisters are a common injury occurring in up to 39% of marathoners, the most common injury in adventure racing, and represent more than 70% of medical visits in multi-stage ultramarathons. The goal of the study was to determine whether paper tape could prevent foot blisters in ultramarathon runners. This prospective randomized trial was undertaken during RacingThePlanet 155-mile (250-km), 7-day self-supported ultramarathons in China, Australia, Egypt, Chile, and Nepal in 2010 and 2011. Paper tape was applied prerace to one randomly selected foot, with the untreated foot acting as the own control. The study end point was development of a hot spot or blister on any location of either foot. One hundred thirty-six participants were enrolled with 90 (66%) having completed data for analysis. There were 36% women, with a mean age of 40 ± 9.4 years (range, 25-40 years) and pack weight of 11 ± 1.8 kg (range, 8-16 kg). All participants developed blisters, with 89% occurring by day 2 and 59% located on the toes. No protective effect was observed by the intervention (47 versus 35; 52% versus 39%; P = .22), with fewer blisters occurring around the tape on the experimental foot than under the tape (23 vs 31; 25.6% versus 34.4%), yet 84% of study participants when queried would choose paper tape for blister prevention in the future. Although paper tape was not found to be significantly protective against blisters, the intervention was well tolerated with high user satisfaction. Copyright © 2014 Wilderness Medical Society. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

The effect of topical anti blister products on the risk of friction blister formation on the foot.

PubMed

Hashmi, Farina; Kirkham, Suzanne; Nester, Christopher; Lam, Sharon

2016-08-01

Foot blisters are a common injury, which can impact on activity and lead to infection. Increased skin surface hydration has been identified as a risk factor for blister formation, indicating that a reduction in hydration could reduce the risk of blister. Thirty healthy adults were randomised into 3 groups, each receiving a preventative foot blister treatment (2Toms(®) Blister Shield(®); Flexitol(®) Blistop and Boots Anti-Perspirant Foot Spray). Cycles of compression and shear loads where applied to heel skin using a mechanism driven by compressed air. Temperature changes were measured during load application using a thermal imaging camera (FLIR Systems Inc. and Therm CAM™ Quick Report). Near surface hydration of the skin was measured using a Corneometer(®) (C & K, Germany). There was no significant difference in the rate of temperature change of the skin between the three groups compared to not using products (p = 0.767, p = 0.767, p = 0.515) or when comparing each product (p = 0.551). There was a significant decrease in near surface skin hydration, compared to baseline, after the application of powder (-8.53 AU, p = 0.01). There was no significant difference in hydration after the application of film former and antiperspirant (-1.47 AU, p = 0.26; -1.00 AU, p = 0.80, respectively). With the application of external load we found no significant difference in the effect of the three products on temperature change. The powder product demonstrated an effect on reducing the risk of blister. It is postulated that powder may have a barrier effect. Crown Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Laser-driven high-frequency vibrations of metal blister surface

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kononenko, T. V.; Sinyavsky, M. N.; Konov, V. I.; Sentis, M.

2013-09-01

Time-resolved interferometric microscopy was applied to investigate laser-induced blistering of a titanium film on a silica substrate. Ablation of the titanium/silica interface by single 0.7 ns pulses within a certain fluence range results in local exfoliation of the metal film from the substrate avoiding, however, complete film destruction. Time-dependent transformation of the metal surface profile was reconstructed from the interference patterns within 0-13 ns time delay range. Transverse annular waves with typical amplitude of one hundred of nanometers and estimated traveling speed of few kilometers per second were revealed on the blister surface. The wave occurrence was attributed to fast inhomogeneous bending of the film covering the expanding blister. The resultant high-frequency (˜1 GHz) vibrations of the metal surface provide intensive inertial forces when such metalized target is used for blister-based laser-induced forward transfer of nanopowders and organic molecules.

The climatic distribution of blister rust on white pine in Wisconsin

Treesearch

E.P. Van Arsdel; A.J. Riker; T.F. Kouba; V.E. Suomi; R.A. Bryson

1961-01-01

White pine blister rust limits the reproduction of white pine in many areas by killing young trees. In other extensive areas unjustified fear of the disease limits white pine planting. An ability to differentiate the sites on which white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartium ribicola Fischer) might be serious from those on which the disease might...

Biology and pathology of Ribes and their implications for management of white pine blister rust

Treesearch

P. J. Zambino

2010-01-01

Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are telial hosts for the introduced and invasive white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. Knowledge of wild and introduced Ribes helps us understand the epidemiology of blister rust on its aecial hosts, white pines, and develop disease control and management strategies. Ribes differ by species in their contribution to...

Current and future molecular approaches to investigate the white pine blister rust pathosystem

Treesearch

B. A. Richardson; A. K. M. Ekramoddoulah; J.-J. Liu; M.-S. Kim; N. B. Klopfenstein

2010-01-01

Molecular genetics is proving to be especially useful for addressing a wide variety of research and management questions on the white pine blister rust pathosystem. White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola, is an ideal model for studying biogeography, genetics, and evolution because: (1) it involves an introduced pathogen; (2) it includes multiple primary...

Frequency of comandra blister rust infection episodes on lodgepole pine

Treesearch

William R. Jacobi; Brian W. Geils; Jane E. Taylor

2002-01-01

Comandra blister rust is a damaging canker disease of lodgepole pine in the Central Rocky Mountains. Our knowledge of previous blister rust outbreaks and the effects of weather and climate on rust epidemiology has not been sufficient to explain the frequency and severity of disease outbreaks. Thus, we sought to describe the seasonal and annual frequency and duration of...

Low average blister-rust infection rates may mean high control costs

Treesearch

Robert Marty

1965-01-01

The Northeastern Forest Experiment Station, in cooperation with Federal and State forest-pest-control agencies, undertook a survey of blister-rust infection rates in the white pine region of the East during 1962 and 1963. Those engaged in blister-rust-control activities will not be surprised at the survey's results. We found that infection rates were significantly...

White pine blister rust resistance of 12 western white pine families at three field sites in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Robert Danchok; Jim Hamlin; Angelia Kegley; Sally Long; James Mayo

2012-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is highly susceptible to the non-native, invasive pathogen Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust. The susceptibility of western white pine to blister rust has limited its use in restoration and reforestation throughout much of western North...

Screening conventional fungicides...control of blister rust on sugar pine in California

Treesearch

Clarence R. Quick

1967-01-01

After 5 years, 4 of 14 fungicides tested showed varying pr of development into satisfactory direct control of blister rust. Little promise of systemic control was found. Trees treated were second-growth sugar pine in a mixed conifer forest in eastern Shasta County, California, where blister rust has been intensifying for many years. Most trees received basal-stem...

Influence of an antiperspirant on foot blister incidence during cross-country hiking.

PubMed

Knapik, J J; Reynolds, K; Barson, J

1998-08-01

Rubbing moist skin results in higher frictional forces than rubbing very dry skin. As friction increases, the probability of activity-related blisters also increases. Therefore reducing moisture may reduce blister incidence during physical activity. We examined whether an antiperspirant can reduce foot blisters during hiking. In a double-blind study, cadets attending the US Military Academy were separated into two groups that used either an antiperspirant (20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol) or placebo (anhydrous ethyl alcohol) preparation. Cadets were told to apply preparations to their feet for 5 consecutive nights. On day 6, cadets completed a 21-km hike, and their feet were examined for blisters before and after. Because of dropouts, the final sample size was 667 cadets with 328 in the antiperspirant group and 339 in the placebo group. There was a high rate of noncompliance with the treatment schedule: Cadets used the preparations from 0 to 5 nights before the hike. For cadets using the preparations at least 3 nights before the hike (n=269), the incidence of foot blisters was 21% for the antiperspirant group and 48% for the placebo group (P < 0.01). However, reports of skin irritation were 57% for the antiperspirant group and 6% for the placebo group (P < 0.01). A 20% solution of aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol may be effective in reducing foot blisters during hiking; however, the side effect of skin irritation should be considered and preventive measures studied to reduce this irritation.

Autoantibodies in the Autoimmune Disease Pemphigus Foliaceus Induce Blistering via p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase-Dependent Signaling in the Skin

PubMed Central

Berkowitz, Paula; Chua, Michael; Liu, Zhi; Diaz, Luis A.; Rubenstein, David S.

2008-01-01

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a human autoimmune blistering disease in which a humoral immune response targeting the skin results in a loss of keratinocyte cell-cell adhesion in the superficial layers of the epidermal epithelium. In PF, desmoglein-1-specific autoantibodies induce blistering. Evidence is beginning to accumulate that activation of signaling may have an important role in the ability of pathogenic pemphigus IgGs to induce blistering and that both p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and heat shock protein (HSP) 27 are part of this signaling pathway. This study was undertaken to investigate the ability of PF IgGs to activate signaling as well as the contribution of this signaling pathway to blister induction in an in vivo model of PF. Phosphorylation of both p38 MAPK and HSP25, the murine HSP27 homolog, was observed in the skin of PF IgG-treated mice. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 MAPK blocked the ability of PF IgGs to induce blistering in vivo. These results indicate that PF IgG-induced blistering is dependent on activation of p38 MAPK in the target keratinocyte. Rather than influencing the immune system, limiting the autoantibody-induced intracellular signaling response that leads to target end-organ damage may be a more viable therapeutic strategy for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Inhibition of p38 MAPK may be an effective strategy for the treatment of PF. PMID:18988808

Restoration and management of eastern white pine within high blister rust hazard zones in the Lake States

Treesearch

S. A. Katovich; J. G. O' Brien; M. E. Mielke; M. E. Ostry

2004-01-01

In areas considered high hazard for blister rust in the northern Lake States, six white pine plantings were established between 1989 and 1999 to: (1) evaluate the impacts of blister rust, white pine weevil, browsing, and competition stress on tree growth and survival, and (2) evaluate the effectiveness of genetic and silvicultural strategies to minimize damage. The...

White pine blister rust in Korea, Japan and other Asian regions: comparisons and implications for North America

Treesearch

M.-S. Kim; N. B. Klopfenstein; Y. Ota; S. K. Lee; K.-S. Woo; S. Kaneko

2010-01-01

This article briefly reviews the history of white pine blister rust, attributed to Cronartium ribicola, and addresses current research and management issues in South Korea, Japan and other regions of eastern Asia (China, Russia and Himalaya). For each region, the distribution, damage, aecial hosts, telial hosts and management of C. ribicola and other blister rust fungi...

Strategies for managing whitebark pine in the presence of white pine blister rust [Chapter 17

Treesearch

Raymond J. Hoff; Dennis E. Ferguson; Geral I. McDonald; Robert E. Keane

2001-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is one of many North American white pine species (Pinus subgenus Strobus) susceptible to the fungal disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Blister rust has caused severe mortality (often reaching nearly 100 percent) in many stands of white bark pine north of 45° latitude in western North America. The rust is slowly...

Blister rust in North America: What we have not learned in the past 100 years

Treesearch

Eugene P. Van Arsdel; Brian W. Geils

2011-01-01

Introduction of Cronartium ribicola (white pine blister rust) greatly motivated development of tree disease control and research in America. Although foresters and pathologists have learned much in the past 100 years, more remains to learn. The most important lesson is that fear of blister rust has reduced pine regeneration more than the disease itself. Based on six...

A preliminary hazard model of white pine blister rust for the Sacramento Ranger District, Lincoln National Forest

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; David A. Conklin; Eugene P. van Arsdel

1999-01-01

Blister rust, caused by the introduced fungus Cronartium ribicola, is a serious disease of white pines in North America. Since about 1970, an outbreak has been increasing in the Sacramento Mountains of southern New Mexico and threatens southwestern white pine. To help determine the expected extent and impact of blister rust, we propose a preliminary...

[Application of blistering cupping].

PubMed

Gu, Xingui; Chen, Zelin; Chen, Bo; Fan, Yihua; Chen, Xianghong

2016-11-12

Blistering cupping is special as eliminating wind and dampness as well as removing phlegm and blood stasis, and it achieves effects through suction. In this paper we reviewed relevant literature combined with clinical experience so as to summarize its operation attention through exploring the origin, mechanism and application. We divide the progress into the blistering period, the phlegm-stasis-eliminating period, and the escharosis period according to the changes of bubble and the things pulled out. Blistering cupping creates ways to eliminate concrete unhealthy influences through smoothing meridians and collaterals, such as phlegm and retained fluid, dampness and blood stasis. Thus chronic diseases are relieved. Also,we propose the rules of "blistering acupoints being related to disease location as well as the nature of acupoints and diseases". The therapy has been used to treat diseases of respiratory system, osteoarticular, skin and subcutaneous tissue, mental and behavioral disorders, and tumor, among which the effects of intractable diseases of respiratory and osteoarticular systems are definite. It deserves to be further explored and promoted.

HOW to Manage Eastern White Pine to Minimize Damage from Blister Rust and White Pine Weevil

Treesearch

Steven Katovich; Manfred E. Mielke

1993-01-01

White pine was once a dominant forest species in the north central and northeastern United States. Following logging in the late 1800's and the early part of this century, two major pests, white pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fisch., and white pine weevil, Pissodes strobi (Peck), combined to reduce the value of white pine. Blister rust was introduced...

Apparatus Tests Peeling Of Bonded Rubbery Material

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crook, Russell A.; Graham, Robert

1996-01-01

Instrumented hydraulic constrained blister-peel apparatus obtains data on degree of bonding between specimen of rubbery material and rigid plate. Growth of blister tracked by video camera, digital clock, pressure transducer, and piston-displacement sensor. Cylinder pressure controlled by hydraulic actuator system. Linear variable-differential transformer (LVDT) and float provide second, independent measure of change in blister volume used as more precise volume feedback in low-growth-rate test.

Topical Modulation of the Burn Wound Inflammatory Response to Improve Short and Long Term Outcomes

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-10-01

casualty, treatment, organ failure, systemic inflammatory response syndrome , thermal injury, wound model, intervention 3. ACCOMPLISHMENTS:   What...thickness burns have a blister response. Using human eye or H&E studies, we did not observe any blisters in the pig model. However, the OCT...the deeper the partial thickness burn, the bigger the blister, until it gets close to full-thickness burns. The full-thickness burns are dry and

Blister rust resistance among 19 families of whitebark pine, Pinus albicaulis, from Oregon and Washington – early results from an artificial inoculation trial

Treesearch

Angelia Kegley; Richard A. Sniezko; Robert Danchok; Douglas P. Savin

2012-01-01

Whitebark pine is considered one of the most susceptible white pine species to white pine blister rust, the disease caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola. High mortality from blister rust and other factors in much of the range in the United States and Canada have raised serious concerns about the future viability of this high-...

An ecosystem-scale model for the spread of a host-specific forest pathogen in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hatala, J.A.; Dietze, M.C.; Crabtree, R.L.; Kendall, Katherine C.; Six, D.; Moorcroft, P.R.

2011-01-01

The introduction of nonnative pathogens is altering the scale, magnitude, and persistence of forest disturbance regimes in the western United States. In the high-altitude whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE), white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) is an introduced fungal pathogen that is now the principal cause of tree mortality in many locations. Although blister rust eradication has failed in the past, there is nonetheless substantial interest in monitoring the disease and its rate of progression in order to predict the future impact of forest disturbances within this critical ecosystem.This study integrates data from five different field-monitoring campaigns from 1968 to 2008 to create a blister rust infection model for sites located throughout the GYE. Our model parameterizes the past rates of blister rust spread in order to project its future impact on high-altitude whitebark pine forests. Because the process of blister rust infection and mortality of individuals occurs over the time frame of many years, the model in this paper operates on a yearly time step and defines a series of whitebark pine infection classes: susceptible, slightly infected, moderately infected, and dead. In our analysis, we evaluate four different infection models that compare local vs. global density dependence on the dynamics of blister rust infection. We compare models in which blister rust infection is: (1) independent of the density of infected trees, (2) locally density-dependent, (3) locally density-dependent with a static global infection rate among all sites, and (4) both locally and globally density-dependent. Model evaluation through the predictive loss criterion for Bayesian analysis supports the model that is both locally and globally density-dependent. Using this best-fit model, we predicted the average residence times for the four stages of blister rust infection in our model, and we found that, on average, whitebark pine trees within the GYE remain susceptible for 6.7 years, take 10.9 years to transition from slightly infected to moderately infected, and take 9.4 years to transition from moderately infected to dead. Using our best-fit model, we project the future levels of blister rust infestation in the GYE at critical sites over the next 20 years.

Characterization of Blistering and Delamination in Depleted Uranium Hohlraums

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Biobaum, K. J. M.

2013-03-01

Blistering and delamination are the primary failure mechanisms during the processing of depleted uranium (DU) hohlraums. These hohlraums consist of a sputter-deposited DU layer sandwiched between two sputter-deposited layers of gold; a final thick gold layer is electrodeposited on the exterior. The hohlraum is deposited on a copper-coated aluminum mandrel; the Al and Cu are removed with chemical etching after the gold and DU layers are deposited. After the mandrel is removed, blistering and delamination are observed on the interiors of some hohlraums, particularly at the radius region. It is hypothesized that blisters are caused by pinholes in the coppermore » and gold layers; etchant leaking through these holes reaches the DU layer and causes it to oxidize, resulting in a blister. Depending on the residual stress in the deposited layers, blistering can initiate larger-scale delamination at layer interfaces. Scanning electron microscopy indicates that inhomogeneities in the machined aluminum mandrel are replicated in the sputter-deposited copper layer. Furthermore, the Cu layer exhibits columnar growth with pinholes that likely allow etchant to come in contact with the gold layer. Any inhomogeneities or pinholes in this initial gold layer then become nucleation sites for blistering. Using a focused ion beam system to etch through the gold layer and extract a cross-sectional sample for transmission electron microscopy, amorphous, intermixed layers at the gold/DU interfaces are observed. Nanometer-sized bubbles in the sputtered and electrodeposited gold layers are also present. Characterization of the morphology and composition of the deposited layers is the first step in determining modifications to processing parameters, with the goal of attaining a significant improvement in hohlraum yield.« less

Long-term pulmonary complications of chemical warfare agent exposure in Iraqi Kurdish civilians.

PubMed

Ghanei, Mostafa; Naderi, Mostafa; Kosar, Ali Morad; Harandi, Ali Amini; Hopkinson, Nicholas S; Poursaleh, Zohreh

2010-08-01

The Iraqi government used a range of chemical weapons, including blistering and nerve agents, against Iraqi Kurdish civilians in the 1980s. Few data exist about the long-term respiratory consequences of this exposure. In this study, Kurdish subjects with a history of exposure to chemical weapons were invited to attend a clinical assessment, including a review of their history, physical examination, and a high-resolution computed tomography (CT) of the thorax. Blistering at the time of exposure was used to define significant exposure to mustard gas. Results were compared between two groups of blistering and nonblistering. Four hundred seventy-nine subjects were studied; 45.7% male and 54.3% female. The mean age and standard deviation (mean +/- SD) of the cases was 43.1 +/- 13.7. Spirometry was abnormal in 15.2% of subjects and air trapping was present on CT scan in 46.6% and did not differ between patients with (n = 278) or without a history of blistering. Respiratory symptoms, including dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, were more common in subjects with a history of blistering (all p < .005) and blistering was also associated with a lower forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV(1)) (p < .0001). Severe complications were most common in subjects from Halabja who also made up the majority of participants. These results show that objective abnormalities are common in people with symptoms attributed to prior exposure to chemical agent. Blistering at the time of exposure was associated with more respiratory symptoms and worse lung function, but not with CT appearances. The high proportion of severe cases in comparison to reports from Iran may reflect the historical absence of effective early treatment, including strategies to reduce prolonged early exposure in this population.

Draft genomes of two blister beetles Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus

PubMed Central

Wu, Yuan-Ming; Li, Jiang

2018-01-01

Abstract Background Commonly known as blister beetles or Spanish fly, there are more than 1500 species in the Meloidae family (Hexapoda: Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) that produce the potent defensive blistering agent cantharidin. Cantharidin and its derivatives have been used to treat cancers such as liver, stomach, lung, and esophageal cancers. Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus are the most commercially important blister beetles in China due to their ability to biosynthesize this potent vesicant. However, there is a lack of genome reference, which has hindered development of studies on the biosynthesis of cantharidin and a better understanding of its biology and pharmacology. Results We report 2 draft genomes and quantified gene sets for the blister beetles H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, 2 complex genomes with >72% repeats and approximately 1% heterozygosity, using Illumina sequencing data. An integrated assembly pipeline was performed for assembly, and most of the coding regions were obtained. Benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) assessment showed that our assembly obtained more than 98% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs. Comparison analysis showed that the completeness of coding genes in our assembly was comparable to other beetle genomes such as Dendroctonus ponderosae and Agrilus planipennis. Gene annotation yielded 13 813 and 13 725 protein-coding genes in H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, of which approximately 89% were functionally annotated. BUSCO assessment showed that approximately 86% and 84% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs were annotated completely in these 2 gene sets, whose completeness is comparable to that of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis. Conclusions Assembly of both blister beetle genomes provides a valuable resource for future biosynthesis of cantharidin and comparative genomic studies of blister beetles and other beetles. PMID:29444297

Draft genomes of two blister beetles Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus.

PubMed

Wu, Yuan-Ming; Li, Jiang; Chen, Xiang-Sheng

2018-03-01

Commonly known as blister beetles or Spanish fly, there are more than 1500 species in the Meloidae family (Hexapoda: Coleoptera: Tenebrionoidea) that produce the potent defensive blistering agent cantharidin. Cantharidin and its derivatives have been used to treat cancers such as liver, stomach, lung, and esophageal cancers. Hycleus cichorii and Hycleus phaleratus are the most commercially important blister beetles in China due to their ability to biosynthesize this potent vesicant. However, there is a lack of genome reference, which has hindered development of studies on the biosynthesis of cantharidin and a better understanding of its biology and pharmacology. We report 2 draft genomes and quantified gene sets for the blister beetles H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, 2 complex genomes with >72% repeats and approximately 1% heterozygosity, using Illumina sequencing data. An integrated assembly pipeline was performed for assembly, and most of the coding regions were obtained. Benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) assessment showed that our assembly obtained more than 98% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs. Comparison analysis showed that the completeness of coding genes in our assembly was comparable to other beetle genomes such as Dendroctonus ponderosae and Agrilus planipennis. Gene annotation yielded 13 813 and 13 725 protein-coding genes in H. cichorii and H. phaleratus, of which approximately 89% were functionally annotated. BUSCO assessment showed that approximately 86% and 84% of the Endopterygota universal single-copy orthologs were annotated completely in these 2 gene sets, whose completeness is comparable to that of D. ponderosae and A. planipennis. Assembly of both blister beetle genomes provides a valuable resource for future biosynthesis of cantharidin and comparative genomic studies of blister beetles and other beetles.

Recovery plan for Scots pine blister rust caused by Cronartium flaccidum (Alb. & Schwein.) G. Winter and Peridermium pini (Pers.) Lév. [syn. C. asclepiadeum (Willd.) Fr., Endocronartium pini (Pers.) Y. Hiratsuka

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim; Pauline Spaine; Bryce A. Richardson; Paul J. Zambino; Charles G. Shaw; James Walla; Russ Bulluck; Laura Redmond; Kent Smith

2009-01-01

The sexually reproducing form of Scots pine blister rust, C. flaccidum, completes its life cycle alternating between pines of the subgenus Pinus and seed-plants of various families. Scots pine blister rust is also caused by a form of the rust that spreads directly from pine to pine and is named, Peridermium pini...

Vesiculobullous lesions in lipoid proteinosis: a case report.

PubMed

Rao, Raghavendra; Prabhu, Smitha Smitha; Sripathi, H; Gupta, Sachi

2008-07-15

Vesiculobullous disorders in a child can be a diagnostic challenge. Common causes of blisters in early childhood include genodermatoses like epidermolysis bullosa and infections like herpes simplex. Lipoid proteinosis may rarely present with vesiculobullous lesions in childhood. We report a child, who presented in early childhood with blistering dermatosis. On long term follow-up, typical features of lipoid proteinosis developed. A high index of suspicion is required when one deals with blistering dermatosis in a child.

Autoantibody Signaling in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Development of an Integrated Model

PubMed Central

Sajda, Thomas; Sinha, Animesh A.

2018-01-01

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune skin blistering disease effecting both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. Blister formation in PV is known to result from the binding of autoantibodies (autoAbs) to keratinocyte antigens. The primary antigenic targets of pathogenic autoAbs are known to be desmoglein 3, and to a lesser extent, desmoglein 1, cadherin family proteins that partially comprise the desmosome, a protein structure responsible for maintaining cell adhesion, although additional autoAbs, whose role in blister formation is still unclear, are also known to be present in PV patients. Nevertheless, there remain large gaps in knowledge concerning the precise mechanisms through which autoAb binding induces blister formation. Consequently, the primary therapeutic interventions for PV focus on systemic immunosuppression, whose side effects represent a significant health risk to patients. In an effort to identify novel, disease-specific therapeutic targets, a multitude of studies attempting to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms downstream of autoAb binding, have led to significant advancements in the understanding of autoAb-mediated blister formation. Despite this enhanced characterization of disease processes, a satisfactory explanation of autoAb-induced acantholysis still does not exist. Here, we carefully review the literature investigating the pathogenic disease mechanisms in PV and, taking into account the full scope of results from these studies, provide a novel, comprehensive theory of blister formation in PV. PMID:29755451

MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2)-dependent and independent models of blister formation in pemphigus vulgaris

PubMed Central

Mao, Xuming; Li, Hong; Sano, Yasuyo; Gaestel, Matthias; Park, Jin Mo; Payne, Aimee S.

2013-01-01

Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies to the keratinocyte adhesion protein desmoglein (Dsg) 3. Previous studies suggest that PV pathogenesis involves p38 mitogen activated protein kinase-dependent and -independent pathways. However, p38 is a difficult protein to study and therapeutically target because it has four isoforms and multiple downstream effectors. In the current study, we identify MAPKAP kinase 2 (MK2) as a downstream effector of p38 signaling in PV and describe MK2-dependent and -independent mechanisms of blister formation using passive transfer of human anti-Dsg IgG4 mAbs to neonatal mice. In human keratinocytes, PV mAbs activate MK2 in a dose-dependent manner. MK2 is also activated in human pemphigus skin blisters, causing translocation of MK2 from the nucleus to the cytosol. Small molecule inhibition of MK2 and silencing of MK2 expression block PV mAb-induced Dsg3 endocytosis in human keratinocytes. Additionally, small molecule inhibition and genetic deletion of p38α and MK2 inhibit spontaneous, but not induced, suprabasal blisters by PV mAbs in mouse passive transfer models. Collectively, these data suggest that MK2 is a key downstream effector of p38 that can modulate PV autoantibody pathogenicity. MK2 inhibition may be a valuable adjunctive therapy for control of pemphigus blistering. PMID:23657501

Effects of ridge cracking and interface sliding on morphological symmetry breaking in straight-sided blisters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shi-Chen; Yu, Sen-Jiang; He, Linghui; Ni, Yong

2018-03-01

Complex surface patterns generated by nonlinear buckling originate from various symmetry-breaking instabilities. Identifying possible key factors that regulate the instability modes is critical to reveal the mechanism of the surface pattern selection. In this paper, how another two factors (ridge cracking and interface sliding) including Poisson's ratio influence the morphological symmetry breaking in straight-sided blisters are systematically studied. Morphology diagrams from stability analysis show that ridge cracking and low Poisson's ratio promote symmetric instability mode and favor bubble-like blisters while interface sliding and high Poisson's ratio facilitate antisymmetric instability mode and result in telephone cord buckles. The analytical predictions are evidenced by experimental observations on annealed silicon nitride films on glass substrates and confirmed by nonlinear numerical simulations. This study explains how and why the rarely observed bubble-like blisters in accompany with ridge crack can appear in brittle thin films in comparison with the ubiquitously observed telephone cord buckles that usually form as the development of an antisymmetric instability mode when straight-sided blisters undergo the super-critical isotropic compression.

BP180 Is Critical in the Autoimmunity of Bullous Pemphigoid

PubMed Central

Liu, Yale; Li, Liang; Xia, Yumin

2017-01-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is by far the most common autoimmune blistering dermatosis that mainly occurs in the elderly. The BP180 is a transmembrane glycoprotein, which is highly immunodominant in BP. The structure and location of BP180 indicate that it is a significant autoantigen and plays a key role in blister formation. Autoantibodies from BP patients react with BP180, which leads to its degradation and this has been regarded as the central event in BP pathogenesis. The consequent blister formation involves the activation of complement-dependent or -independent signals, as well as inflammatory pathways induced by BP180/anti-BP180 autoantibody interaction. As a multi-epitope molecule, BP180 can cause dermal–epidermal separation via combining each epitope with specific immunoglobulin, which also facilitates blister formation. In addition, some inflammatory factors can directly deplete BP180, thereby leading to fragility of the dermal–epidermal junction and blister formation. This review summarizes recent investigations on the role of BP180 in BP pathogenesis to determine the potential targets for the treatment of patients with BP. PMID:29276517

Study on thickness distribution of thermoformed medical PVC blister

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yiping

2017-08-01

Vacuum forming has many advantages over other plastic forming processes due to its cost effectiveness, time efficiency, higher product precision, and more design flexibility. Nevertheless, when pressures greater than the atmospheric value are required to force the thermo-plastic into more intimate contact with the mold surface, pressure forming is a better choice. This paper studies the process of air-pressure thermoforming of plastic sheet, and focuses on medical blister PVC products. ANSYS POLYFLOW tool is used to simulate the process and analyze the wall thickness distribution of the blister. The influence of mold parameters on the wall thickness distribution of thermoformed part is thus obtained through simulation. Increasing radius between mold and side wall at the bottom of blister and draft prove to improve the wall thickness distribution.

Lionfish envenomation of the hand.

PubMed

Patel, M R; Wells, S

1993-05-01

Lionfish (Pterois volitans) envenomation of the hand causes excruciating pain and occurs in three grades: (1) erythematous reaction, (2) blister formation, and (3) dermal necrosis. The initial treatment in all cases is to soak the hand in nonscalding water (45 degrees C) until the pain subsides by denaturing the thermolabile venom proteins. The blisters should be immediately excised to prevent dermal necrosis, inasmuch as the blister fluid contains residual active venom. To prevent a hypersensitivity reaction, any further contact with the fish should be avoided.

Blistering of Graphite/Polymer Composites Galvanically Coupled with Metals in Sea Water

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

pressure Vi = molar volume of species T Yi = activity coefficient for species T (p = electrical potential Using the flux definition, the conservation...at = aJi/ax ...(11) (b) determine the rate of volume increase of water Vw’ cm3 1s in the blister cavity by the following expression: Vw’ = iVw/at = 1a...induced in the polymer and the fiber/matrix interface region due to the above volume change: The volume increase of the fluid in blister given by

Blisters: First Aid

MedlinePlus

... healthy traveler. In: Mayo Clinic Guide to Self-Care. 7th ed. Rochester, Minn.: Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research; 2017. Brennan FH. Treatment and prevention of foot friction blisters. ACSM's Health & Fitness Journal. 2013;17: ...

Poison Ivy/Oak/Sumac

MedlinePlus

... burning, or blistering. Severe, widespread rashes require medical treatment. Signs and Symptoms an itchy red rash that appears within 4 hours to 4 days after touching the plant oil blisters that ooze clear fluid bumps and ...

Skin blister formation together with patterned intradermal hematoma: a special type of tire mark injury in victims run over by a wheel.

PubMed

Pircher, R; Epting, T; Schmidt, U; Geisenberger, D; Pollak, S; Kramer, L

2015-04-01

A traffic accident victim run over by a vehicle may show a patterned skin hematoma reflecting the grooves of the tire's profile. Apart from this well-known type of imprint mark, the affected skin can also be blistered provided that the wheel exerts high pressure on the body for a prolonged period of time. The macro- and micromorphological findings as well as the protein composition of the blister fluid were investigated on the basis of a relevant autopsy case. Analogous to blisters associated with hanging marks, the transudation of serous fluid with consecutive detachment of the epidermis is interpreted as a pressure-related effect which cannot be regarded as a sign of vitality. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

Undercoat prevents blistering of silver plating at elevated temperatures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kuster, C. A.

1967-01-01

Gold undercoat prevents blistering in the silver plating of Inconel 718 seals from steam at high temperatures. The undercoat is diffused into the surface of the parent metal by baking prior to silver plating.

U-Mo Plate Blister Anneal Interim Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Francine J. Rice; Daniel M. Wachs; Adam B. Robinson

2010-10-01

Blister thresholds in fuel elements have been a longstanding performance parameter for fuel elements of all types. This behavior has yet to be fully defined for the RERTR U-Mo fuel types. Blister anneal studies that began in 2007 have been expanded to include plates from more recent RERTR experiments. Preliminary data presented in this report encompasses the early generations of the U-Mo fuel systems and the most recent but still developing fuel system. Included is an overview of relevant dispersion fuel systems for the purposes of comparison.

Autoimmune Subepidermal Bullous Diseases of the Skin and Mucosae: Clinical Features, Diagnosis, and Management.

PubMed

Amber, Kyle T; Murrell, Dedee F; Schmidt, Enno; Joly, Pascal; Borradori, Luca

2018-02-01

Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases of the skin and mucosae constitute a large group of sometimes devastating diseases, encompassing bullous pemphigoid, gestational pemphigoid, mucous membrane pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, and anti-p200 pemphigoid. Their clinical presentation is polymorphic. These autoimmune blistering diseases are associated with autoantibodies that target distinct components of the basement membrane zone of stratified epithelia. These autoantigens represent structural proteins important for maintenance of dermo-epidermal integrity. Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common subepidermal autoimmune blistering disease of the skin and mucosae. Although the disease typically presents with a generalized blistering eruption associated with itch, atypical variants with either localized bullous lesions or "non-bullous" presentations are observed in approximately 20% of patients. A peculiar form of BP typically associated with pregnancy is pemphigoid gestationis. In anti-p200 pemphigoid, patients present with tense blisters on erythematosus or normal skin resembling BP, with a predilection for acral surfaces. These patients have antibodies targeting the 200-kDa basement membrane protein. Epidermolysis bullosa is a rare autoimmune blistering disease associated with autoantibodies against type VII collagen that can have several phenotypes including a classical form mimicking dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, an inflammatory presentation mimicking BP, or mucous membrane pemphigoid-like lesions. Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is the term agreed upon by international consensus for an autoimmune blistering disorder, which affects one or more mucous membrane and may involve the skin. The condition involves a number of different autoantigens in the basement membrane zone. It may result in severe complications from scarring, such as blindness and strictures. Diagnosis of these diseases relies on direct immunofluorescence microscopy studies and immunoserological assays. Management of affected patients is often challenging. We will here review the clinical and immunopathological features as well as the pathophysiology of this group of organ-specific autoimmune diseases. Finally, we will discuss the diagnostic approach and the principles of management in clinical practice.

Monitoring direct and indirect climate effects on whitebark pine ecosystems at Crater Lake National park

USGS Publications Warehouse

Smith, S.B.; Odion, D.C.; Sarr, D.A.; Irvine, K.M.

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is the distinctive, often stunted, and picturesque tree line species in the American West. As a result of climate change, mountain pine beetles (Dendroctonus ponderosae) have moved up in elevation, adding to nonnative blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) disease as a major cause of mortality in whitebark pine. At Crater Lake National Park, Oregon, whitebark pine is declining at the rate of 1% per year. The Klamath Network, National Park Service, has elected to monitor whitebark pine and associated high-elevation vegetation. This program is designed to sample whitebark pine throughout the park to look for geographic patterns in its exposure to and mortality from disease and beetles. First-year monitoring has uncovered interesting patterns in blister rust distribution. Incidence of rust disease was higher on the west side of the park, where conditions are wetter and more humid than on the east side. However, correlating climate alone with rust disease is not straightforward. On the east side of the park, the odds of blister rust infection were much greater in plots having Ribes spp., shrubs that act as the alternate host for a portion of the rust's life cycle. However, on the park's west side, there was not a statistically significant increase in blister rust in plots with Ribes. This suggests that different species of Ribes associated with whitebark pine can increase pine exposure to blister rust disease. There is also convincing evidence of an association between total tree density and the incidence of blister rust. Warmer temperatures and possibly increased precipitation will affect both whitebark pine and Ribes physiology as well as tree density and mountain pine beetle numbers, all of which may interact with blister rust to cause future changes in tree line communities at Crater Lake. The Klamath Network monitoring program plans to document and study these ongoing changes.

Coma blisters in children: case report and review of the literature.

PubMed

Bosco, Laura; Schena, Donatella; Colato, Chiara; Biban, Paolo; Girolomoni, Giampiero

2013-12-01

Coma-induced blisters is a rare condition associated with prolonged impairment of conscious level, which is relatively well-known in adults following overdose with barbiturates. However, it has been very rarely described in children. A case of coma-bullae occurring in an 11-year-old child with meningoencephalitis is herein reported. The bullous lesions occurred on the limbs and trunks, and evolved into necrotic ulcers in a few days. No correlation with any drug overdosage was found. A skin biopsy revealed epidermal and eccrine sweat gland necrosis with abundant neutrophils, and thrombosis of the vessels in the lower dermis. A comprehensive review of the literature showed that only 5 cases of coma-bullae in children have been published so far. Coma blistering resolves spontaneously within days or weeks. Diagnosis of coma-bullae may require careful clinical-pathologic correlation to exclude other blistering diseases in children.

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (Non-Herlitz Type).

PubMed

Bhinder, Munir Ahmad; Arshad, Muhammad Waqar; Zahoor, Muhammad Yasir; Shehzad, Wasim; Tariq, Muhammad; Shabbir, Muhammad Imran

2017-05-01

Junctional epidermolysis bullosa (JEB) is a recessively inherited skin blistering disease and is caused due to abnormalities in proteins that hold layers of the skin. Herlitz JEB is the severe form and non-Herlitz JEB is the milder form. This report describes a case of congenitally affected male child aged 5 years, with skin blistering. He has mitten-like hands and soft skin blistering on hands, legs and knees. Symptoms almost disappeared at the age of 3 years but reappeared with increased severity after 6 months. Histopathological examination showed epidermal detachment with intact basal cell layer and sparse infiltrate of lymphocytes with few eosinophils in the dermis. There was no blistering on the moist lining of the mouth and digestive tract. Localized symptoms with less lethality and histopathological examination indicated the presence of non-Herlitz type of JEB. This is the first report which confirms the presence of non-Herlitz junctional epidermolysis bullosa in Pakistan.

Cantharidin biosynthesis in a blister beetle: inhibition by 6-fluoromevalonate causes chemical disarmament.

PubMed

Carrel, J E; Doom, J P; McCormick, J P

1986-07-15

Biosynthesis of cantharidin in a blister beetle, Lytta polita, is effectively inhibited by 6-fluoromevalonate. Inhibition is attributed specifically to the fluorine substituent. Biochemical inhibition has not been demonstrated previously for an arthropod's defensive substance.

Exposure to a First World War blistering agent.

PubMed

Le, H Q; Knudsen, S J

2006-04-01

Sulfur mustards act as vesicants and alkylating agents. They have been used as chemical warfare since 1917 during the first world war. This brief report illustrates the progression of injury on a primary exposed patient to a first world war blistering agent. This case documents the rapid timeline and progression of symptoms. It emphasises the importance of appropriate personal protective equipment and immediate medical response plan with rapid decontamination and proper action from military and civilian medical treatment facilities. This case reports the first US active duty military exposure to a blistering agent in the age of global terrorism.

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques in Autoimmune Bullous Diseases

PubMed Central

Jindal, Anuradha; Rao, Raghavendra; Bhogal, Balbir S

2017-01-01

Autoimmune blistering diseases are diverse group of conditions characterized by blisters in the skin with or without mucosal lesions. There may be great degree of clinical and histopathological overlap; hence, advanced immunological tests may be necessary for more precise diagnosis of these conditions. Direct immunofluorescence microscopy is the gold standard tests to demonstrate the tissue-bound antibodies and should be done in all cases. Magnitude of antibody level in patient’ serum can be assessed by indirect immunofluorescence and enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. In this article we have reviewed the various techniques that are available in the diagnosis of autoimmune blistering diseases. PMID:28584369

Scanning electron microscopy of a blister roof in dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa*

PubMed Central

de Almeida Jr., Hiram Larangeira; Monteiro, Luciane; Silva, Ricardo Marques e; Rocha, Nara Moreira; Scheffer, Hans

2013-01-01

In dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa the genetic defect of anchoring fibrils leads to cleavage beneath the basement membrane, with its consequent loss. We performed scanning electron microscopy of an inverted blister roof of a case of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa, confirmed by immunomapping and gene sequencing. With a magnification of 2000 times a net attached to the blister roof could be easily identified. This net was composed of intertwined flat fibers. With higher magnifications, different fiber sizes could be observed, some thin fibers measuring around 80 nm and thicker ones measuring between 200 and 300 nm. PMID:24474107

Prevention of Friction Blisters in Outdoor Pursuits: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Worthing, Robert M; Percy, Raechel L; Joslin, Jeremy D

2017-06-01

The purpose of this systematic review was to determine if sock, antiperspirant, or barrier strategies were effective in prevention of friction blisters in wilderness and outdoor pursuits. A search of PubMed and EMBASE was conducted. Title, abstract, and full text articles were screened by 2 authors using predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria to identify prospective controlled trials investigating prevention methods for friction blisters involving the foot. Only blisters associated with wilderness and outdoor pursuits (running, hiking, marching, etc.) were considered. Extraction of a predetermined data set was accomplished using a piloted form. Confidence in effect estimates were determined utilizing the Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network methodology checklist. Literature search resulted in 806 discrete articles. After screening, 11 studies were identified for inclusion in systematic review. Included studies investigated 5 sock, 3 antiperspirant, and 3 barrier strategies. Only 2 articles were determined to have moderate confidence in effect estimate. Clinical and methodologic diversity precluded meta-analysis. Despite the high frequency, discomfort, and associated cost there is a paucity of high-quality quality evidence in support of socks, antiperspirants, or barriers for the prevention of friction blisters. Moderate confidence in effect estimate suggests that paper tape may be an effective form of barrier prevention. Published by Elsevier Inc.

Sugar Pine Seedlings not protected from blister rust by chemotherapeutants

Treesearch

George M. Harvey

1975-01-01

None of several types of chemotherapeutants applied before inoculation (antibiotics, metallic salts, systemic fungicides) prevented infection of sugar pine seedlings by white pine blister rust. DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide) did not enhance the action of any material with which it was applied.

75 FR 17927 - Kevin Xu: Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-04-08

... products that bore the trademarks ZYPREXA, TAMIFLU, CASODEX, PLAVIX, and ARICEPT without the authorization... States various blister strips containing counterfeit TAMIFLU, CASODEX, ZYPREXA, and PLAVIX. On or about... of drugs that were misbranded, namely a shipment containing blister strips of PLAVIX pills that were...

Green tea catechins and their metabolites in human skin before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation.

PubMed

Clarke, Kayleigh A; Dew, Tristan P; Watson, Rachel E B; Farrar, Mark D; Osman, Joanne E; Nicolaou, Anna; Rhodes, Lesley E; Williamson, Gary

2016-01-01

Dietary flavonoids may protect against sunburn inflammation in skin. Preliminary reports using less complete analysis suggest that certain catechins and their metabolites are found in skin biopsies and blister fluid after consumption of green tea; however, it is not known if they are affected by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or whether conjugated forms, with consequently altered bioactivity, are present. The present study tested the hypothesis that UVR affects the catechin levels in the skin of healthy volunteers after consumption of green tea and how catechins in the plasma are related to their presence in skin tissue samples. In an open oral intervention study, 11 subjects consumed green tea and vitamin C supplements daily for 3months. Presupplementation and postsupplementation plasma samples, suction blister fluid and skin biopsies were collected; the latter two samples were collected both before and after UVR. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assay was used to measure the intact catechin metabolites, conjugates and free forms. Seven green tea catechins and their corresponding metabolites were identified postsupplementation in skin biopsies, 20 in blister fluid and 26 in plasma, with 15 green tea catechin metabolites present in both blister fluid and plasma. The valerolactone, O-methyl-M4-O-sulfate, a gut microbiota metabolite of catechins, was significantly increased 1.6-fold by UVR in blister fluid samples. In conclusion, there were some common catechin metabolites in the plasma and blister fluid, and the concentration was always higher in plasma. The results suggest that green tea catechins and metabolites are bioavailable in skin and provide a novel link between catechin metabolites derived from the skin and gut microbiota. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Green tea catechins and their metabolites in human skin before and after exposure to ultraviolet radiation☆☆☆★

PubMed Central

Clarke, Kayleigh A.; Dew, Tristan P.; Watson, Rachel E.B.; Farrar, Mark D.; Osman, Joanne E.; Nicolaou, Anna; Rhodes, Lesley E.; Williamson, Gary

2016-01-01

Dietary flavonoids may protect against sunburn inflammation in skin. Preliminary reports using less complete analysis suggest that certain catechins and their metabolites are found in skin biopsies and blister fluid after consumption of green tea; however, it is not known if they are affected by solar-simulated ultraviolet radiation (UVR) or whether conjugated forms, with consequently altered bioactivity, are present. The present study tested the hypothesis that UVR affects the catechin levels in the skin of healthy volunteers after consumption of green tea and how catechins in the plasma are related to their presence in skin tissue samples. In an open oral intervention study, 11 subjects consumed green tea and vitamin C supplements daily for 3 months. Presupplementation and postsupplementation plasma samples, suction blister fluid and skin biopsies were collected; the latter two samples were collected both before and after UVR. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometric assay was used to measure the intact catechin metabolites, conjugates and free forms. Seven green tea catechins and their corresponding metabolites were identified postsupplementation in skin biopsies, 20 in blister fluid and 26 in plasma, with 15 green tea catechin metabolites present in both blister fluid and plasma. The valerolactone, O-methyl-M4-O-sulfate, a gut microbiota metabolite of catechins, was significantly increased 1.6-fold by UVR in blister fluid samples. In conclusion, there were some common catechin metabolites in the plasma and blister fluid, and the concentration was always higher in plasma. The results suggest that green tea catechins and metabolites are bioavailable in skin and provide a novel link between catechin metabolites derived from the skin and gut microbiota. PMID:26454512

Commandra Blister Rust

Treesearch

David W. Johnson

1986-01-01

Commandra blister rust is a disease of hard pines that is caused by a fungus growing in the inner bark. The fungus (Cronartium commandrae Pk.) has a complex life cycle. It infects hard pines but needs an alternate host, an unrelated plant, to spread from one pine to another.

Graphene quantum blisters: A tunable system to confine charge carriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdullah, H. M.; Van der Donck, M.; Bahlouli, H.; Peeters, F. M.; Van Duppen, B.

2018-05-01

Due to Klein tunneling, electrostatic confinement of electrons in graphene is not possible. This hinders the use of graphene for quantum dot applications. Only through quasi-bound states with finite lifetime has one achieved to confine charge carriers. Here, we propose that bilayer graphene with a local region of decoupled graphene layers is able to generate bound states under the application of an electrostatic gate. The discrete energy levels in such a quantum blister correspond to localized electron and hole states in the top and bottom layers. We find that this layer localization and the energy spectrum itself are tunable by a global electrostatic gate and that the latter also coincides with the electronic modes in a graphene disk. Curiously, states with energy close to the continuum exist primarily in the classically forbidden region outside the domain defining the blister. The results are robust against variations in size and shape of the blister which shows that it is a versatile system to achieve tunable electrostatic confinement in graphene.

Helium trapping in aluminium near the critical dose on blister formation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fukahori, T.; Kanda, Y.; Mori, K.; Tobimatsu, H.

1985-08-01

Blistering and flaking caused by energetic He ions emitted from the plasma in fusion reactors possibly contribute to first-wall erosion. In order to study their characteristics, the numbers of He atoms trapped in He-ion-irradiated Al samples have been measured by a He atom measurement system and every sample has been observed by a scanning electron microscope. The samples have been prepared from a polycrystalline plate and irradiated with 20 keV He ions at room temperature. The saw-tooth like variation of the trapped He atoms with the dose has three edges corresponding to the blistering, flaking and double flaking, respectively. The critical doses for the three events are found to be 4 × 10 21, 7 × 10 21, 12 × 10 21 He atoms m -2, respectively. The average number of He atoms included in an event is 5.4 × 10 10 He atoms in the case of the blistering and 2.1 × 10 11 He atoms in the case of flaking.

Molecular Diagnosis in Autoimmune Skin Blistering Conditions

PubMed Central

Otten, J.V.; Hashimoto, T.; Hertl, M.; Payne, A.S.; Sitaru, C.

2014-01-01

Blister formation in skin and mucous membranes results from a loss of cell-cell or cell-matrix adhesion and is a common outcome of pathological events in a variety of conditions, including autoimmune and genetic diseases, viral and bacterial infections, or injury by physical and chemical factors. Autoantibodies against structural components maintaining cell-cell and cell-matrix adhesion induce tissue damage in autoimmune blistering diseases. Detection of these autoantibodies either tissue-bound or circulating in serum is essential to diagnose the autoimmune nature of disease. Various immunofluorescence methods as well as molecular immunoassays, including enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting, belong to the modern diagnostic algorithms for these disorders. There is still a considerable need to increase awareness of the rare autoimmune blistering diseases, which often show a severe, chronic-relapsing course, among physicians and the public. This review article describes the immunopathological features of autoimmune bullous diseases and the molecular immunoassays currently available for their diagnosis and monitoring. PMID:24160488

Whitebark pine mortality related to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreak, and water availability

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shanahan, Erin; Irvine, Kathryn M.; Thoma, David P.; Wilmoth, Siri K.; Ray, Andrew; Legg, Kristin; Shovic, Henry

2016-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests in the western United States have been adversely affected by an exotic pathogen (Cronartium ribicola, causal agent of white pine blister rust), insect outbreaks (Dendroctonus ponderosae, mountain pine beetle), and drought. We monitored individual trees from 2004 to 2013 and characterized stand-level biophysical conditions through a mountain pine beetle epidemic in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Specifically, we investigated associations between tree-level variables (duration and location of white pine blister rust infection, presence of mountain pine beetle, tree size, and potential interactions) with observations of individual whitebark pine tree mortality. Climate summaries indicated that cumulative growing degree days in years 2006–2008 likely contributed to a regionwide outbreak of mountain pine beetle prior to the observed peak in whitebark mortality in 2009. We show that larger whitebark pine trees were preferentially attacked and killed by mountain pine beetle and resulted in a regionwide shift to smaller size class trees. In addition, we found evidence that smaller size class trees with white pine blister rust infection experienced higher mortality than larger trees. This latter finding suggests that in the coming decades white pine blister rust may become the most probable cause of whitebark pine mortality. Our findings offered no evidence of an interactive effect of mountain pine beetle and white pine blister rust infection on whitebark pine mortality in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem. Interestingly, the probability of mortality was lower for larger trees attacked by mountain pine beetle in stands with higher evapotranspiration. Because evapotranspiration varies with climate and topoedaphic conditions across the region, we discuss the potential to use this improved understanding of biophysical influences on mortality to identify microrefugia that might contribute to successful whitebark pine conservation efforts. Using tree-level observations, the National Park Service-led Greater Yellowstone Interagency Whitebark Pine Long-term Monitoring Program provided important ecological insight on the size-dependent effects of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, and water availability on whitebark pine mortality. This ongoing monitoring campaign will continue to offer observations that advance conservation in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem.

Cantharidin poisoning due to "Blister beetle" ingestion.

PubMed

Tagwireyi, D; Ball, D E; Loga, P J; Moyo, S

2000-12-01

Cantharidin, the active ingredient of "Spanish Fly", is contained in a number of insects collectively called blister beetles and is a well known toxin and vesicant. We report on a case of ingestion of Mylabris dicincta ("Blister beetle") in Zimbabwe by a 4 year old girl. The ingested beetles were probably mistaken for the edible Eulepida mashona. She presented with many of the classic signs and symptoms of cantharidin poisoning including haematuria and abdominal pains. This was recognised only after consultation with the drug information centre. She was managed conservatively, recovered and was discharged after 9 days. A overview of the clinical effects of cantharidin toxicity and its treatment is presented.

Antibiotic Treatment of Blister Rust Cankers in Eastern White Pine

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1970-01-01

Cycloheximide (Acti-dione) and Phytoactin antibiotics, applied as basal stem treatments, aerial spray treatments, and complete foliar drenches were not effective in controlling blister rust cankers in eastern white pine. Cycloheximide was effective in suppressing canker activity and growth if directly applied to scarified cankers.

Antibiotics Do Not Control Blister Rust in Eastern White Pine Seedlings

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1968-01-01

To prevent blister rust infections in Eastern white pine seedlings, the antibiotics, cycloheximide (acti-dione) and Phytoactin, were tested in root dips, root slurries, and foliar drenches before planting and after planting the trees. None of the methods and materials tested was effective.

Using Landscape Genetics Simulations for Planting Blister Rust Resistant Whitebark Pine in the US Northern Rocky Mountains.

PubMed

Landguth, Erin L; Holden, Zachary A; Mahalovich, Mary F; Cushman, Samuel A

2017-01-01

Recent population declines to the high elevation western North America foundation species whitebark pine, have been driven by the synergistic effects of the invasive blister rust pathogen, mountain pine beetle (MPB), fire exclusion, and climate change. This has led to consideration for listing whitebark pine (WBP) as a threatened or endangered species under the Endangered Species Act, which has intensified interest in developing management strategies for maintaining and restoring the species. An important, but poorly studied, aspect of WBP restoration is the spatial variation in adaptive genetic variation and the potential of blister rust resistant strains to maintain viable populations in the future. Here, we present a simulation modeling framework to improve understanding of the long-term genetic consequences of the blister rust pathogen, the evolution of rust resistance, and scenarios of planting rust resistant genotypes of whitebark pine. We combine climate niche modeling and eco-evolutionary landscape genetics modeling to evaluate the effects of different scenarios of planting rust-resistant genotypes and impacts of wind field direction on patterns of gene flow. Planting scenarios showed different levels for local extirpation of WBP and increased population-wide blister rust resistance, suggesting that the spatial arrangement and choice of planting locations can greatly affect survival rates of whitebark pine. This study presents a preliminary, but potentially important, framework for facilitating the conservation of whitebark pine.

SURFACE DECONTAMINATION EFFICACY STUDIES FOR ...

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Technical Brief This Technical Brief summarizes the findings from three studies in which the decontamination efficacy was determined for various liquid contaminants when applied to various surfaces that are contaminated with blister agents (vesicants).This may provide decision-makers with practical information on surface decontaminations options during a blister agent response.

The influence of white pine blister rust on seed dispersal in whitebark pine

Treesearch

Shawn T. McKinney; Diana F. Tomback

2007-01-01

We tested the hypotheses that white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.) damage in whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) stands leads to reduced (1) seed cone density, (2) predispersal seed survival, and (3) likelihood of Clark's Nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana (Wilson, 1811)) seed...

Distribution of Ribes, an alternate host of white pine blister rust, in Colorado and Wyoming

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi; Kelly S. Burns; Brian W. Geils

2008-01-01

Ribes (currants and gooseberries) are alternate hosts for Cronartium ribicola, the invasive fungus that causes blister rust of white pines (Pinus, subgenus Strobus) in the Rocky Mountain region of Colorado and Wyoming. The location, species, and density of Ribes can affect...

A randomised controlled trial to compare the safety, effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of doxycycline (200 mg/day) with that of oral prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day) for initial treatment of bullous pemphigoid: the Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines (BLISTER) trial.

PubMed

Chalmers, Joanne R; Wojnarowska, Fenella; Kirtschig, Gudula; Mason, James; Childs, Margaret; Whitham, Diane; Harman, Karen; Chapman, Anna; Walton, Shernaz; Schmidt, Enno; Godec, Thomas R; Nunn, Andrew J; Williams, Hywel C

2017-03-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune blistering skin disorder with increased morbidity and mortality in the elderly. To evaluate the effectiveness, safety and cost-effectiveness of a strategy of initiating BP treatment with oral doxycycline or oral prednisolone. We hypothesised that starting treatment with doxycycline gives acceptable short-term blister control while conferring long-term safety advantages over starting treatment with oral prednisolone. Pragmatic multicentre two-armed parallel-group randomised controlled trial with an economic evaluation. A total of 54 dermatology secondary care centres in the UK and seven in Germany. Adults with BP [three or more blisters at two sites and positive direct and/or indirect immunofluorescence (immunoglobulin G and/or complement component 3 immunofluorescence at the dermal-epidermal junction)] and able to give informed consent. Participants were allocated using online randomisation to initial doxycycline treatment (200 mg/day) or prednisolone (0.5 mg/kg/day). Up to 30 g/week of potent topical corticosteroids was permitted for weeks 1-3. After 6 weeks, clinicians could switch treatments or alter the prednisolone dose as per normal practice. Primary outcomes: (1) the proportion of participants with three or fewer blisters at 6 weeks (investigator blinded) and (2) the proportion with severe, life-threatening and fatal treatment-related events at 52 weeks. A regression model was used in the analysis adjusting for baseline disease severity, age and Karnofsky score, with missing data imputed. Secondary outcomes included the effectiveness of blister control after 6 weeks, relapses, related adverse events and quality of life. The economic evaluation involved bivariate regression of costs and quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) from a NHS perspective. In total, 132 patients were randomised to doxycycline and 121 to prednisolone. The mean patient age was 77.7 years and baseline severity was as follows: mild 31.6% (three to nine blisters), moderate 39.1% (10-30 blisters) and severe 29.3% (> 30 blisters). For those starting on doxycycline, 83 out of 112 (74.1%) had three or fewer blisters at 6 weeks, whereas for those starting on prednisolone 92 out of 101 (91.1%) had three or fewer blisters at 6 weeks, an adjusted difference of 18.6% in favour of prednisolone [90% confidence interval (CI) 11.1% to 26.1%], using a modified intention-to-treat (mITT) analysis. Per-protocol analysis showed similar results: 74.4% compared with 92.3%, an adjusted difference of 18.7% (90% CI 9.8% to 27.6%). The rate of related severe, life-threatening and fatal events at 52 weeks was 18.2% for those started on doxycycline and 36.6% for those started on prednisolone (mITT analysis), an adjusted difference of 19.0% (95% CI 7.9% to 30.1%; p  = 0.001) in favour of doxycycline. Secondary outcomes showed consistent findings. There was no significant difference in costs or QALYs per patient at 1 year between doxycycline-initiated therapy and prednisolone-initiated therapy (incremental cost of doxycycline-initiated therapy £959, 95% CI -£24 to £1941; incremental QALYs of doxycycline-initiated therapy -0.024, 95% CI -0.088 to 0.041). Using a willingness-to-pay criterion of < £20,000 per QALY gained, the net monetary benefit associated with doxycycline-initiated therapy was negative but imprecise (-£1432, 95% CI -£3094 to £230). A strategy of starting BP patients on doxycycline is non-inferior to standard treatment with oral prednisolone for short-term blister control and considerably safer in the long term. The limitations of the trial were the wide non-inferiority margin, the moderate dropout rate and that serious adverse event collection was unblinded. Future work might include inducing remission with topical or oral corticosteroids and then randomising to doxycycline or prednisolone for maintenance. Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN13704604. This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment ; Vol. 21, No. 10. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Nitrous oxide for procedural analgesia at home in a child with epidermolysis bullosa.

PubMed

Ingelmo, Pablo; Wei, Andrew; Rivera, Gonzalo

2017-07-01

Epidermolysis bullosa comprises a range of conditions characterized by fragile skin with painful blistering induced by minor trauma and friction. The Dowling-Meara variant is a severe form characterized by disseminated painful blistering requiring lifelong skin and wound care. The natural history of the disease is characterized by a chronic course that tends to improve with advancing age. Various multimodal analgesic strategies have been proposed for painful procedures in children with epidermolysis bullosa. In this case report, we describe the use of nitrous oxide for pain control at home of blister treatments in a 4-year-old child with the Dowling-Meara variant. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Developing blister rust resistance in white pines

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

2000-01-01

After a century since introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., is recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has not yet stabilized and continues to spread and intensify. Its nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important...

Options for the management of white pine blister rust in the Rocky Mountain Region

Treesearch

Kelly S. Burns; Anna W. Schoettle; William R. Jacobi; Mary F. Mahalovich

2008-01-01

This publication synthesizes current information on the biology, distribution, and management of white pine blister rust (WPBR) in the Rocky Mountain Region. In this Region, WPBR occurs within the range of Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine (Pinus aristata), limber pine (P. flexilis), and whitebark pine (P. albicaulis...

Histology of white pine blister rust in needles of resistant and susceptible eastern white pine

Treesearch

Joel A. Jurgens; Robert A. Blanchette; Paul J. Zambino; Andrew David

2003-01-01

White pine blister rust, Cronartium ribicola, has plagued the forests of North America for almost a century. Over past decades, eastern white pine (Pinus strobus) that appear to tolerate the disease have been selected and incorporated into breeding programs. Seeds from P. strobus with putative resistance were...

Blister Packaging Medication to Increase Treatment Adherence and Clinical Response: Impact on Suicide-related Morbidity and Mortality

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-12-01

AD _ Award Number: W81XWH-09-1-0723 TITLE: Blister Packaging Medication to Increase Treatment Adherence and Clinical Response: Impact on Suicide ...Medication to Increase Treatment Adherence and Clinical Response: Impact on Suicide -related Morbidity and Mortality 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER 5b

White pine blister rust resistance research in Minnesota and Wisconsin

Treesearch

Andrew David; Paul Berrang; Carrie Pike

2012-01-01

The exotic fungus Cronartium ribicola causes the disease white pine blister rust on five-needled pines throughout North America. Although the effects of this disease are perhaps better known on pines in the western portion of the continent, the disease has also impacted regeneration and growth of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ...

Experimental fungicidal control of blister rust on sugar pine in California

Treesearch

Clarence R. Quick

1964-01-01

Parallel series of exploratory experiments with antifungal antibiotics and conventional chemical fungicides for control of blister rust on sugar pine were started in northern California in 1959. Several fungicides, both antibiotic and conventional, appear slightly systemic, but all tested materials are more effective when sprayed directly on infected tissues....

A summary of white pine blister rust research in the Lake States.

Treesearch

Ralph L. Anderson

1973-01-01

Summarizes white pine blister rust research in the Lake States and present status of knowledge. Important microclimatic relations are described. Antibiotics are not effective, whereas pruning provides some control. Genetic resistance shows much promise but may be complicated by pathogenic races. The effectiveness of ribes eradication is open to question.

Genetic interactions in the white pine/blister rust pathosystem

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

2000-01-01

The nine white pine species native to North America have very different ecological roles and values, which include high quality timber production, important watershed protection, keystone ecological species, and the oldest and some of the most picturesque trees on earth. All are highly susceptible to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), and...

Resistance of three interspecific white pine hybrids to blister rust

Treesearch

R. Z. Callaham

1962-01-01

Three white pine hybrids exposed to infection by white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer) since 1946 have inherited the relative resistance of their parental species. The hybrids were produced from controlled pollinations in 1940 and 1941 at the Institute of Forest Genetics, Placerville, Calif. Twelve seedlings of each hybrid were...

Computer simulation of white pine blister rust epidemics

Treesearch

Geral I. McDonald; Raymond J. Hoff; William R. Wykoff

1981-01-01

A simulation of white pine blister rust is described in both word and mathematical models. The objective of this first generation simulation was to organize and analyze the available epidemiological knowledge to produce a foundation for integrated management of this destructive rust of 5-needle pines. Verification procedures and additional research needs are also...

BLISTERING AND DEGRADATION OF POLYURETHANE COATINGS UNDER DIFFERENT ACCELERATED WEATHERING TESTS. (R828081E01)

EPA Science Inventory

An epoxy primer with a high gloss polyurethane topcoat coating system was exposed either only in a QUV chamber or exposed in a QUV chamber and a Prohesion chamber, alternatively, in this study. AFM studies found that micro blisters formed on the coating surface after both expo...

Silicon patterning using ion blistering and e-beam lithography

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giguere, A.; Terreault, B.; Beerens, J.; Aimez, V.; Beauvais, J.

2004-03-01

We explore the limits of silicon patterning using ion blistering in conjunction with e-beam lithography. In a first approach, we implanted 3.5E16 H/cm**2 at 5 keV through variable width (0.1-10 micron) e-beam written PMMA masks. The resist was then removed and the samples were rapid-thermal-annealed (RTA) up to 650 °C. In the wider trenches, round blisters with 800-900 nm diameter and 15 nm height and a few exfoliations are observed, which are similar to those observed on an unmasked surface. In submicron trenches (500-1000 nm), there is a transition in morphology created by the proximity to the border; the blisters are smaller and they are densely aligned along the trench direction ("pearl-string" pattern). No effect is observed in the lowest dimension trenches. The results are discussed in terms of stress/strain fields, defect configuration, and mask shadowing and charging effects. Ultimate pattern resolution will be limited by lateral straggling of the ions in and by the mechanics of lateral crack propagation.

A rare case of skin blistering and esophageal stenosis in the course of epidermolysis bullosa - case report and literature review.

PubMed

Michalak, Agata; Cichoż-Lach, Halina; Prozorow-Król, Beata; Buk, Leszek; Dzida, Monika

2018-04-13

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) constitutes a heterogenous group of rare multisystem genetically transmitted disorders comprising several blistering muco-cutaneous diseases with a monogenic basis and either autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. EB manifestation is not only limited to the skin. Systemic signs might involve the nose, ear, eye, genitourinary tract and upper gastrointestinal tract. The presence of particular symptoms is directly determined by a type of altered skin protein. Gastrointestinal manifestation of EB is most commonly reflected by esophageal stenosis due to recurrent esophageal blistering, followed by consequent scarring. Here we present a case of a man with dystrophic EB and dysphagia, skin blistering, joints contractures and missing nails. To our knowledge, the presented man is the oldest one diagnosed with EB living in Poland. Management of an esophageal stricture in such circumstances is based on endoscopic dilatation. However, in most severe cases, placement of a gastrostomy tube is required. Despite great advances in medicine, a targeted therapy in the course of EB has not been established yet.

Chitosan-induced immunity in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze against blister blight disease is mediated by nitric-oxide.

PubMed

Chandra, Swarnendu; Chakraborty, Nilanjan; Panda, Koustubh; Acharya, Krishnendu

2017-06-01

Blister blight disease, caused by an obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen, Exobasidium vexans Massee is posing a serious threat for tea cultivation in Asia. As the use of chemical pesticides on tea leaves substantially increases the toxic risks of tea consumption, serious attempts are being made to control such pathogens by boosting the intrinsic natural defense responses against invading pathogens in tea plants. In this study, the nature and durability of resistance offered by chitosan and the possible mechanism of chitosan-induced defense induction in Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze plants against blister blight disease were investigated. Foliar application of 0.01% chitosan solution at 15 days interval not only reduced the blister blight incidence for two seasons, but also maintained the induced expressions of different defense related enzymes and total phenol content compared to the control. Defense responses induced by chitosan were found to be down regulated under nitric oxide (NO) deficient conditions in vivo, indicating that the observed chitosan-induced resistance is probably activated via NO signaling. Such role of NO in host defense response was further established by application of the NO donor, sodium nitroprusside (SNP), which produced similar defense responses accomplished through chitosan treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that increased production of NO in chitosan-treated tea plants may play a critical role in triggering the innate defense responses effective against plant pathogens, including that causing the blister blight disease. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Blister Threshold Based Thermal Limits for the U-Mo Monolithic Fuel System

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

D. M. Wachs; I. Glagolenko; F. J. Rice

2012-10-01

Fuel failure is most commonly induced in research and test reactor fuel elements by exposure to an under-cooled or over-power condition that results in the fuel temperature exceeding a critical threshold above which blisters form on the plate. These conditions can be triggered by normal operational transients (i.e. temperature overshoots that may occur during reactor startup or power shifts) or mild upset events (e.g., pump coastdown, small blockages, mis-loading of fuel elements into higher-than-planned power positions, etc.). The rise in temperature has a number of general impacts on the state of a fuel plate that include, for example, stress relaxationmore » in the cladding (due to differential thermal expansion), softening of the cladding, increased mobility of fission gases, and increased fission-gas pressure in pores, all of which can encourage the formation of blisters on the fuel-plate surface. These blisters consist of raised regions on the surface of fuel plates that occur when the cladding plastically deforms in response to fission-gas pressure in large pores in the fuel meat and/or mechanical buckling of the cladding over damaged regions in the fuel meat. The blister temperature threshold decreases with irradiation because the mechanical properties of the fuel plate degrade while under irradiation (due to irradiation damage and fission-product accumulation) and because the fission-gas inventory progressively increases (and, thus, so does the gas pressure in pores).« less

Pharmacological properties of blister beetles (Coleoptera: Meloidae) promoted their integration into the cultural heritage of native rural Spain as inferred by vernacular names diversity, traditions, and mitochondrial DNA.

PubMed

Percino-Daniel, Nohemí; Buckley, David; García-París, Mario

2013-06-03

Beetles of the family Meloidae (blister beetles) are often reported in pharmacological literature because of their content of cantharidin. Cantharidin has a long history in human medicine and was commonly applied in the 19th and the early 20th centuries, although its use has been progressively abandoned since then. Contrary to most, even common, large species of Coleoptera, blister beetles of the genera Berberomeloe, Physomeloe and to a lesser extent Meloe, are usually recognized and often incorporated into local folk taxonomy by inhabitants of rural areas in Spain. To demonstrate the role that pharmacological properties of blister beetles must have played in their integration in the culture of early Iberian human societies, but also in the preservation of their identity until today, a rare case for Spanish insects. To achieve this purpose we document the diversity of vernacular names applied in rural areas of Spain, and we determine, using molecular data, the antiquity of the presence of two species of the better-known blister beetle in rural Spain, Berberomeloe majalis and Berberomeloe insignis. We try to document the extent of traditional knowledge of meloid beetles in rural areas by interviewing about 120 people from villages in central and southern Spain. We also use mitochondrial DNA sequences (Cytochrome Oxidase I and 16SrRNA) obtained from several populations of two species of the better known blister beetle in rural Spain, Berberomeloe majalis and Berberomeloe insignis, to determine whether these beetles were already present in the Iberian Peninsula when earlier ancient cultures were developing. Our results show that, based on mitochondrial DNA, blister beetles of the genus Berberomeloe were present in the Iberian Peninsula long before humans arrived, so ancient Iberian cultures were in contact with the same beetle species occurring now in rural areas. On the other hand, people interviewed in rural communities provided us with more than 28 different vernacular names, a few short songs incorporated to local folklore, and some therapeutic uses. Current knowledge of blister beetles of the family Meloidae in rural Spain was likely developed as a consequence of their pharmacological properties; we hypothesize this knowledge was inherited from ancient pre-Christian Iberian native cultures as part of their traditional therapeutic traditions. It is possible then, that current vernacular names and traditional songs are the only remnants of an ancient knowledge of pharmacological uses of meloid beetles, verbally transmitted from the ancestral cultures to modern day rural Spain. Our work suggests that this legacy, part of the European Cultural Heritage, is disappearing fast, in parallel to the loss of traditional agricultural techniques. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

46 CFR 59.15-10 - Bagged or blistered shell plates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bagged or blistered shell plates. 59.15-10 Section 59.15... shell plates. (a) When the shell plates of cylindrical boilers which are exposed to the radiant heat of... boiler. (b) Where the shell plate is bagged due to overheating, the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection...

46 CFR 59.15-10 - Bagged or blistered shell plates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bagged or blistered shell plates. 59.15-10 Section 59.15... shell plates. (a) When the shell plates of cylindrical boilers which are exposed to the radiant heat of... boiler. (b) Where the shell plate is bagged due to overheating, the Officer in Charge, Marine Inspection...

Effect of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and rust-resistance breeding on genetic variation in western white pine Pinus monticola)

Treesearch

M. -S. Kim; S. J. Brunsfeld; G. I. McDonald; N. B. Klopfenstein

2003-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola) is an economically and ecologically important species from western North America that has declined over the past several decades mainly due to the introduction of blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and reduced opportunities for regeneration. Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) was used...

Characteristics of Blister Rust Cankers on Eastern White Pine

Treesearch

William R. Phelps; Ray Weber

1969-01-01

The growth, development, and sporulation of white pine blister rust cankers were studied on eastern white pine in Wisconsin and Minnesota. Three district canker types were identified on the basis of physical appearance, growth rate, and sporulation. Canker growth rate and sporulation decreased as tree size or age increased, and many cankers apparently became inactive...

Eliminating blister rust cankers from sugar pine by pruning.

Treesearch

G. L. Hayes; William I. Stein

1957-01-01

Well-stocked patches of vigorous advance reproduction are found in many deteriorating old-growth stands in southwestern Oregon. If carefully released from the over story, this reproduction can shorten the rotation length of the next crop by many years. Often sugar pine is the fastest-growing component of the reproduction, but it is frequently infected with blister rust...

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: integration and action

Treesearch

R. S. Hunt; B. W. Geils; K. E. Hummer

2010-01-01

The preceding articles in this series review the history, biology and management of white pine blister rust in North America, Europe and eastern Asia. In this integration, we connect and discuss seven recurring themes important for understanding and managing epidemics of Cronartium ribicola in the white pines (five-needle pines in subgenus Strobus). Information and...

Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) applications in white pine blister rust resistance screening

Treesearch

Sam Hendricks; Wendy Sutton; Jeffrey Stone; Richard Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Anna Schoettle

2011-01-01

A goal of breeding programs for resistance to white pine blister rust is the development of multigenic resistance, even if the genetics and mechanisms of resistance may be imperfectly understood. The goal of multigenic resistance has prompted efforts to categorize host resistance reactions at increasingly finer scales, to identify heritable traits that may confer...

A natural history of Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Detlev R. Vogler

2011-01-01

Cronartium ribicola is a fungal pathogen that causes a blister rust disease of white pines, Ribes, and other hosts in the genera Castilleja and Pedicularis. Although blister rust can damage white pine trees and stands, the severity and significance of these impacts vary with time, place, and management. We use a natural history approach to describe the history, biology...

Proactive intervention to sustain high-elevation pine ecosystems threatened by white pine blister rust

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko

2007-01-01

Only recently have efforts begun to address how management might prepare currently healthy forests to affect the outcome of invasion by established non-native pests. Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR), is among the introductions into North America where containment and eradication have failed; the...

Pruning to manage white pine blister rust in the southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Amanda Crump; William R. Jacobi; Kelly S. Burns; Brian E. Howell

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease that severely damages and kills white pines in the southern Rocky Mountains. We evaluated the efficacy of preventive pruning (removing lower branches) and/or sanitation pruning (removing cankered branches) to reduce disease impacts in limber (Pinus flexilis James) and Rocky Mountain bristlecone (P. aristata Englm...

White pines, Ribes, and blister rust: a review and synthesis

Treesearch

Brian W. Geils; Kim E. Hummer; Richard S. Hunt

2010-01-01

For over a century, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) has linked white pines (Strobus) with currants and gooseberries (Ribes) in a complex and serious disease epidemic in Asia, Europe, and North America. Because of ongoing changes in climate, societal demands for forests and their amenities, and scientific advances in genetics and proteomics, our current...

White pine blister rust resistance in limber pine: Evidence for a major gene

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; R. A. Sniezko; A. Kegley; K. S. Burns

2014-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is being threatened by the lethal disease white pine blister rust caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola. The types and frequencies of genetic resistance to the rust will likely determine the potential success of restoration or proactive measures. These first extensive inoculation trials using individual tree seed collections...

Resistance to white pine blister rust in Pinus flexilis and P

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Angelia Kegley; Jerry Hill; Kelly S. Burns

2010-01-01

The non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR), is impacting or threatening limber pine, Pinus flexilis, and Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, Pinus aristata. In the Southern Rockies, where the rust invasion is still expanding, we have the opportunity to be proactive and prepare the landscape for invasion. Genetic...

White pine blister rust in the interior Mountain West

Treesearch

Kelly Burns; Jim Blodgett; Dave Conklin; Brian Geils; Jim Hoffman; Marcus Jackson; William Jacobi; Holly Kearns; Anna Schoettle

2010-01-01

White pine blister rust is an exotic, invasive disease of white, stone, and foxtail pines (also referred to as white pines or five-needle pines) in the genus Pinus and subgenus Strobus (Price and others 1998). Cronartium ribicola, the fungus that causes WPBR, requires an alternate host - currants and gooseberries in the genus Ribes and species of Pedicularis...

Characterization of peanuts after dry roasting, oil roasting, and blister frying

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Peanuts were systematically deep fried, blister fried, or dry roasted at 177°C to Hunter L-values of 53 ± 1, 48.5 ± 1, and 43 ± 1, corresponding to light, medium, and dark roasting, respectively. Thermal modifications of the epidermal and parenchyma cells were observed in the scanning electron micr...

TNFalpha and IL-6 are mediators in the blistering process of pemphigus.

PubMed

López-Robles, E; Avalos-Díaz, E; Vega-Memije, E; Hojyo-Tomoka, T; Villalobos, R; Fraire, S; Domíguez-Soto, L; Herrera-Esparza, R

2001-03-01

Pemphigus is an autoimmune disease characterized by intraepidermal blisters induced by pemphigus IgG. In addition to autoantibodies, molecular mechanisms involved in acantholysis remain largely unknown. For this reason, we address a possible role of the inflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNFalpha in pemphigus lesions. Sixteen biopsies from patients with different types of pemphigus were studied by in situ hybridization using DNA fluorescent probes for IL-6 and TNFalpha mRNA. Fifty-six percent of lesional biopsies exhibited cytokine gene expression, which was poorly expressed in noninvolved skin. Deposits of TNFalpha and IL-6 were products of in situ transcription at the epidermal level. Inflammatory cytokine expression around the blister could play a mediator role in pemphigus lesions by increasing epithelial damage.

Limber pine forests on the leading edge of white pine blister rust distribution in Northern Colorado

Treesearch

Jennifer G. Klutsch; Betsy A. Goodrich; Anna W. Schoettle

2011-01-01

The combined threats of the current mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae, MPB) epidemic with the imminent invasion of white pine blister rust (caused by the non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola, WPBR) in limber pine (Pinus flexilis) forests in northern Colorado threatens the limber pine's regeneration cycle and ecosystem function. Over one million...

Using landscape genetics simulations for planting blister rust resistant whitebark pine in the US northern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Erin L. Landguth; Zachary A. Holden; Mary F. Mahalovich; Samuel A. Cushman

2017-01-01

Recent population declines to the high elevation western North America foundation species whitebark pine, have been driven by the synergistic effects of the invasive blister rust pathogen, mountain pine beetle (MPB), fire exclusion, and climate change. This has led to consideration for listing whitebark pine (WBP) as a threatened or endangered species under the...

Chemical control of blister rust on sugar pine...two fungicides show promise in California tests

Treesearch

Clarence R. Quick

1967-01-01

Among several fungicides tested, Phytoactin L-340 and Dowicide 1 (o-phenylphenol) showed the most promise for systemic chemical control of blister rust on sugar pine in northern California. The trials included 22 tests on 224 sugar pines: five with Acti-dione BR (cycloheximide), one each with five common chemical fungicides,and 12 with phytoactin. Apparent...

Synoptic climatology of the long-distance dispersal of white pine blister rust II. Combination of surface and upper level conditions

Treesearch

K. L. Frank; B. W. Geils; L. S. Kalkstein; H. W. Thistle

2008-01-01

An invasive forest pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, white pine blister rust (WPBR), is believed to have arrived in the Sacramento Mountains of south-central New Mexico about 1970. Epidemiological and genetic evidence supports the hypothesis that introduction was the result of long-distance dispersal (LDD) by atmospheric transport from California. This...

Selection for resistance to white pine blister rust affects the abiotic stress tolerances of limber pine

Treesearch

Patrick J. Vogan; Anna W. Schoettle

2015-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) mortality is increasing across the West as a result of the combined stresses of white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola; WPBR), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium cyanocarpum) in a changing climate. With the continued spread of WPBR, extensive mortality will continue with strong selection...

Strong partial resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch, Jr.; Deems Burton; Dean A. Davis; Robert D. Westfall; Joan Dunlap; Detlev Vogler

2012-01-01

Quantitative resistance to white pine blister rust in 128 controlled- and open-pollinated sugar pine families was evaluated in a “disease garden”, where alternate host Ribes bushes were interplanted among test progenies. Overall infection was severe (88%), but with great variation among and within families: a 30-fold range in numbers of infections...

Kindler syndrome: report of two cases.

PubMed

Mendes, Luciana; Nogueira, Lisiane; Vilasboas, Virginia; Talhari, Carolina; Talhari, Sinésio; Santos, Mônica

2012-01-01

Kindler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by trauma-induced blisters, progressive poikiloderma and varying degrees of photosensitivity. In 2003, loss-of-function mutations were identified in the gene KIND1 mapped to chromosome 20p12.3. In this paper, we report Kindler syndrome in two children born to consanguineous parents presenting acral blistering, photosensitivity, poikiloderma, cutaneous atrophy and periodontitis.

Distribution and frequency of a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in natural populations of sugar pine

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

1992-01-01

The gametic frequency of a dominant allcle (R) for resistance to white pine blister rust, a disease caused by an introduced pathogen (Cronartium ribicola), in natural populations of sugar pine was estimated by the kind of leaf symptom expressed after artificial inoculation of wind-pollinated seedlings from susceptible seed-parent...

Random amplified polymorphic DNA markers tightly linked to a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine

Treesearch

Michael E. Devey; Annette Delfino-Mix1; Bohun B. Kinloch; David B. NEALEt

1995-01-01

We have genetically mapped a gene for resistance to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisch.) in sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) by using an approach which relies on three factors: (i) the ability to assay for genetic markers in the haploid stage of the host's life cycle, using...

Monitoring white pine blister rust infection and mortality in whitebark pine in the Greater Yellowstone ecosystem

Treesearch

Cathie Jean; Erin Shanahan; Rob Daley; Gregg DeNitto; Dan Reinhart; Chuck Schwartz

2011-01-01

There is a critical need for information on the status and trend of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Concerns over the combined effects of white pine blister rust (WPBR, Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (MPB, Dendroctonus ponderosae), and climate change prompted an interagency working group to design and implement...

Blister rust control in the management of western white pine

Treesearch

Kenneth P. Davis; Virgil D. Moss

1940-01-01

The forest industry of the western white pine region depends on the production of white pine as a major species on about 2,670,000 acres of commercial forest land. Continued production of this species and maintenance of the forest industry at anything approaching its present level is impossible unless the white pine blister rust is controlled. Existing merchantable...

Modeling the potential distribution of white pine blister rust in the central Rocky Mountains.

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi

2006-01-01

Cronartium ribicola (J. C. Fischer ex Rabh.), the causal agent of white pine blister rust (WPBR), was introduced to western North America via infected nursery stock imported from France to Point Grey near Vancouver, British Columbia (Mielke 1943). Primary infection of white pines occurs on the needles where fungal spores land, enter through stomata,...

White pine blister rust in high-elevation white pines: Screening for simply-inherited, hypersensitive resistance

Treesearch

Detlev R. Vogler; Annette Delfino-Mix; Anna W. Schoettle

2006-01-01

Recent concern about survival and recovery of high-elevation white pine ecosystems has returned white pine blister rust (caused by Cronartiurn ribicola) to prominence as a significant threat to forest health in the western U.S. (Sainman et al., 2003). This, in turn, has spurred new research into potential rust-resistance mechanisms in high-elevation...

The relationship between whitebark pine health, cone production, and nutcracker occurrence across four National Parks

Treesearch

Lauren E. Barringer; Diana F. Tomback; Michael B. Wunder

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is declining in the central and northern Rocky Mountains from infection by the exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola, which causes white pine blister rust, and from outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae). White pine blister rust has been present in Glacier and Waterton Lakes National Parks (NP) about two decades...

Unusual presentation of childhood Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

PubMed Central

Kumar, Sathish; Agarwal, Indira

2007-01-01

Bullous systemic lupus erythematosus is a rare blistering condition with a distinctive combination of clinical, histological and immunopathologic features that together constitute a unique bullous disease phenotype. It is often associated with autoimmunity to type VII collagen. Here we report a child who presented with bullous systemic lupus erythematosus. Rapid resolution of the blisters occurred following treatment with dapsone. PMID:18028550

Influence of host resistance on the genetic structure of the white pine blister rust fungus in the western United States

Treesearch

B. A. Richardson; N. B. Klopfenstein; P. J. Zambino; G. I. McDonald; B. W. Geils; L. M. Carris

2008-01-01

Cronartium ribicola, the causal agent of white pine blister rust, has been devastating to five-needled white pines in North America since its introduction nearly a century ago. However, dynamic and complex interactions occur among C. ribicola, five-needled white pines, and the environment. To examine potential evolutionary...

Preempting the pathogen: Blister rust and proactive management of high-elevation pines

Treesearch

Sue Miller; Anna Schoettle; Kelly Burns; Richard Sniezko; Patty Champ

2017-01-01

White pine blister rust has been spreading through western forests since 1910, causing widespread mortality in a group that includes some of the oldest and highest-elevation pines in the United States. The disease has recently reached Colorado and is expected to travel through the southern Rockies. Although it cannot be contained, RMRS researchers and collaborators are...

HOW TO Identify White Pine Blister Rust and Remove Cankers

Treesearch

Thomas H. Nicholls; Robert L. Anderson

1977-01-01

White pine blister rust (caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) was introduced into the United States about 1900 and has since spread throughout the range of white pine. The disease intensity varies throughout the range but is normally most severe where late summers (July-September) are cool (below 67? F) and damp, conditions necessary for...

Environment in relation to white pine blister rust infection

Treesearch

E.P. Van Arsdel

1972-01-01

Pine trees can be free of blister rust infection either because they are growing in a climate unfavorable to rust or because they are genetically resistant to the rust. The climatic escape is hundreds of times more common than genetic resistance in the American white pines. The minimum time and temperature required for penetration by an isolate of the rice blast fungus...

Aiding blister rust control by silvicultural measures in the western white pine type

Treesearch

Virgil D. Moss; Charles A. Wellner

1953-01-01

The forest industry of the Inland Empire depends on the production of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) as a major species. Continued production of this tree is impossible unless white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fischer) is controlled. Existing merchantable timber can and probably will be harvested before serious losses occur, but the young growth...

Assessing host specialization among aecial and telial hosts of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Bryce A. Richardson; Paul J. Zambino; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Geral I. McDonald; Lori M. Carris

2007-01-01

The white-pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola Fisch. in Rabenh., continues to spread in North America, utilizing various aecial (primary) and telial (alternate) hosts, some of which have only recently been discovered. This introduced pathogen has been characterized as having low genetic diversity in North America, yet it has demonstrated a...

A bottom-up approach for controlled deformation of carbon nanotubes through blistering of supporting substrate surface.

PubMed

Prudkovskiy, Vladimir; Iacovella, Fabrice; Katin, Konstantin P; Maslov, Mikhail M; Cherkashin, Nikolay

2018-06-13

Tuning the band structure and, in particular, gap opening in 1D and 2D materials through their deformation is a promising approach for their application in modern semiconductor devices. However, there is an essential breach between existing laboratory scale methods applied for deformation of low-dimensional materials and the needs of large-scale production. In this work, we propose a novel method which is potentially well compatible with high end technological application: single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) first deposited on the flat surface of a supporting wafer, which has been pre-implanted with H+ and He+ ions, are deformed in a controlled and repetitive manner over blisters formed after subsequent thermal annealing. By using resonant Raman spectroscopy, we demonstrate that the SWCNTs clamped by metallic stripes at their ends are deformed over blisters to an average tensile strain of 0.15 ± 0.03 %, which is found to be in a good agreement with the value calculated taking into account blister's dimensions. The principle of the technique may be applied to other 1D and 2D materials in perspective. © 2018 IOP Publishing Ltd.

Diagnostic pitfalls in newborns and babies with blisters and erosions.

PubMed

Nischler, Elke; Klausegger, Alfred; Hüttner, Clemens; Pohla-Gubo, Gabriele; Diem, Anja; Bauer, Johann W; Hintner, Helmut

2009-01-01

Establishing the correct diagnosis in newborns presenting with blisters and erosions is not always a straightforward process. Many different disease entities including acquired (i.e., infectious, immunobullous, traumatic) and inherited disorders have to be taken into consideration. Similarities in clinical appearance, colonization and/or superinfections of preexisting skin lesions, as well as the absence of late changes in the neonate often pose significant diagnostic challenges. In this paper we discuss by giving examples the process of making an accurate diagnosis of blistering skin diseases in the neonatal period on the basis of a diagnostic algorithm. In addition, we provide an overview of the rational use and the limitations of laboratory procedures such as microbial testing, routine light microscopy, immunofluorescence antigen mapping, transmission electron microscopy, and molecular genetic analysis.

Necrotizing Fasciitis: Diagnostic Challenges in a Mute Bedridden Patient with Atypical Laboratory Parameters

PubMed Central

Lohiya, Ghan-Shyam; Tan-Figueroa, Lilia; Krishna, Vijay; Lohiya, Sunita

2012-01-01

A 27-year-old mute bedridden patient required parenteral corticosteroids and antibiotics, and hospitalization for an acute respiratory illness. After 2 days, staff noted a ~0.3 cm blister on the patient's right heel. Within 19 hours, blistering increased and the foot became partly gangrenous. The patient developed high fever (40.3°C), and leukocytosis (count: 13 × 109/L; was 6.5 × 109/L ten days earlier). Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) was diagnosed and treated with emergency leg amputation. Histopathology revealed necrosis of fascia, muscle, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. In bedridden patients, corticosteroids may particularly facilitate serious infections, and initial NF blistering may be mistaken for pressure ulcers. Vigilant and frequent whole body monitoring is necessary for all patients incapable of verbalizing their symptoms. PMID:23197984

Necrotizing fasciitis: diagnostic challenges in a mute bedridden patient with atypical laboratory parameters.

PubMed

Lohiya, Ghan-Shyam; Tan-Figueroa, Lilia; Krishna, Vijay; Lohiya, Sunita

2012-01-01

A 27-year-old mute bedridden patient required parenteral corticosteroids and antibiotics, and hospitalization for an acute respiratory illness. After 2 days, staff noted a ~0.3 cm blister on the patient's right heel. Within 19 hours, blistering increased and the foot became partly gangrenous. The patient developed high fever (40.3°C), and leukocytosis (count: 13 × 10(9)/L; was 6.5 × 10(9)/L ten days earlier). Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) was diagnosed and treated with emergency leg amputation. Histopathology revealed necrosis of fascia, muscle, subcutaneous tissue, and skin. In bedridden patients, corticosteroids may particularly facilitate serious infections, and initial NF blistering may be mistaken for pressure ulcers. Vigilant and frequent whole body monitoring is necessary for all patients incapable of verbalizing their symptoms.

Are Senna based laxatives safe when used as long term treatment for constipation in children?

PubMed

Vilanova-Sanchez, Alejandra; Gasior, Alessandra C; Toocheck, Nicole; Weaver, Laura; Wood, Richard J; Reck, Carlos A; Wagner, Andrea; Hoover, Erin; Gagnon, Renae; Jaggers, Jordon; Maloof, Tassiana; Nash, Onnalisa; Williams, Charae; Levitt, Marc A

2018-04-01

Senna is a stimulant laxative commonly used by pediatricians, pediatric gastroenterologists, and pediatric surgeons. Many clinicians avoid Senna for reasons such as tolerance or side effects but this has little scientific justification. We recently found several patients we were caring for developed perineal blistering during the course of Senna treatment. Because of this we chose to review the literature to identify side effects in children taking this medication as well as to analyze our Center's experience with Senna's secondary effects. We performed a literature review (MEDLINE, PUBMED) using the keywords of Senna, sen, sennosides and children, and pediatric and functional (idiopathic) constipation. We looked for articles with information regarding perineal blisters related to Senna as well as other secondary effects of Senna laxatives in children when used on a long-term basis. We also reviewed the charts of our patients who had previously taken Senna or are currently taking Senna, looking for adverse reactions. Eight articles in the literature reported perineal blisters after administration of Senna laxatives in 28 patients. Of those occurrences, 18 patients (64%) had accidental administration of Senna and 10 (36%) had Senna prescribed as a long term treatment. All of the blistering episodes were related to high dose, night-time accidents, or intense diarrhea with a long period of stool to skin contact. At our institution, from 2014 to 2017, we prescribed Senna and have recorded data to 640 patients. During the study period, 17 patients (2.2%) developed blisters during their treatment. Patients who developed blisters had higher doses 60mg/day; 60 [12-100] vs. 17.5 [1.7-150] (p<0.001). All of the blistering episodes were related to night-time accidents, with a long period of stool to skin contact. 83 (13%) patients presented minor side effects such as abdominal cramping, vomiting or diarrhea which resolved once the type of laxatives were changed or enemas were started. The doses of Senna was not significantly different in these patients 15mg/day [4.4-150] vs. 17.5mg/day [1.5-150]. There were no other long-term side effects from Senna found in the pediatric literature for long-term treatment besides abdominal cramping or diarrhea during the first weeks of administration. We found no evidence of tolerance to Senna in our review. There is a paucity of information in the literature regarding side effects of sennosides as a long-term therapy, and to our knowledge, this is the first review of Senna side effects in children. Senna induced dermatitis is rare, but may occur when patients need a higher dose. All of the cases described had a long period of exposure of the skin to stool. Besides the perineal rash with blisters, we could find no other described major side effect with Senna administration in the pediatric population or evidence of the frequently mentioned concern of the development of tolerance to Senna. Pediatric caregivers should advise families of the rare side effect of skin blistering and educate them to change the diaper frequently in children who are not toilet- trained to reduce stool to skin exposure. We can conclude from this review that Senna is a safe treatment option for constipation in children. IV. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Strain Evolution of Annealed Hydrogen-Implanted (0001) Sapphire

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wong, Christine Megan

Exfoliation is a technique used to remove a thin, uniform layer of material from the bulk that involves the annealing of hydrogen ion-implanted materials in order to initiate defect nucleation and growth leading to guided crack propagation. This study presents an investigation into the annealing process required to initiate blistering (an essential precursor to exfoliation) in (0001) sapphire implanted at room temperature with hydrogen ions. Triple axis x-ray diffraction was used to characterize the evolution of the implanted layer for single crystal (0001) sapphire substrates implanted at room temperature at 360 keV with either a 5x1016 cm -2 or 8x1016 cm-2 dose of hydrogen ions. A simulation of the ion distribution in TRIM estimated that the projected range and thickness of the implanted layer for both doses was approximately 2.2 mum. Following implantation, the implanted sapphire was annealed using a two-step annealing procedure. The first step was performed at a lower temperature, ideally to nucleate and coarsen defects. Temperatures investigated ranged from 550 - 650 °C. The second step was performed at a higher temperature (800 °C) to induce further defect coarsening and surface blistering. After all annealing steps, triple axis o/2theta and o scans were taken to observe any changes in the diffraction profile - namely, any reduction in the amplitude and shift in the location of the fringes associated with strain in the crystal - which would correlate with defect growth and nucleation. It was found that significant strain fringe reduction first occurred after annealing at 650 °C for 8 hours for both doses; however, it was not clear whether or not this strain reduction was due primarily to hydrogen diffusion or to recovery of other defects induced during the ion implantation. The o/2theta curves were then fit using Bede RADS in order to quantify the strain within the crystal and confirm the reduction of the strained layer within the crystal. Finally, Nomarski optical images of the sample surfaces were taken after each step to observe any visual changes or blistering that might have occurred. These optical images showed that the strain reduction observed using XRD did not correlate to blistering, as no blisters were observed in any of the optical images. Experimental results showed that at temperatures below 650 °C, no significant strain reduction occurs in hydrogen ion implanted (0001) sapphire. It has also been determined that for (0001) sapphire implanted at room temperature, it was not possible to produce surface blistering after a two-step annealing process at 650 °C and 800 °C, although significant strain reduction did occur, and ? scans showed peak broadening with subsequent annealing, indicating increasing mosaicity and potential defect nucleation. This was in contrast to previous findings that asserted that for sapphire annealed at 650 °C, surface blistering was observable. As previous findings were based on sapphire implanted at elevated temperatures, this may imply that the sapphire substrate reaches a higher temperature than expected during such implantation processes, which may account for the capability for surface blistering at a lower temperature. Conversely, for room temperature ion implantation, temperatures greater than 800 °C may be necessary to first nucleate hydrogen platelet defects and then produce surface blistering.

Characterisation of the clinical and activated T cell response to repeat delayed-type hypersensitivity skin challenges in human subjects, with KLH and PPD, as a potential model to test T cell-targeted therapies.

PubMed

Belson, Alexandra; Schmidt, Tim; Fernando, Disala; Hardes, Kelly; Scott, Nicola; Brett, Sara; Clark, Deborah; Oliveira, João Joaquim; Davis, Bill; McHugh, Simon; Stone, John

2016-05-01

To characterise the delayed-type hypersensitivity (DTH) skin reaction to repeated challenges of keyhole limpet hemocyanin (KLH) and tuberculin purified protein derivative (PPD) in healthy volunteers, as a potential model to test T cell-targeted investigational agents. Forty-nine subjects received either KLH, PPD, or PBS repeat skin challenges, and clinical assessments including induration, erythema and Laser Doppler Imaging. Skin biopsies or suction blisters were taken after challenge to investigate the cellular infiltrate of the challenge site, the T cell activation status, as determined by LAG-3 expression, and, specifically for the blister, the concentrations of inflammatory cytokines. Point estimates, estimates of variation and corresponding 95% confidence intervals were constructed for each type of challenge and timepoint. The DTH response could be measured at 48 and 120 h post-KLH and PPD challenge with induration, erythema and Laser Doppler Imaging, with 48 h post-challenge demonstrating the peak of the response. PPD was well tolerated in subjects after multiple challenges, however, a significant number of KLH-treated subjects demonstrated an injection site reaction 6-7 days following the SC injection. PPD demonstrated a boost effect on the second challenge as measured by increased induration, where as this was not noted consistently for KLH. Compared to unchallenged and PBS control-injected skin, increased T cell numbers were detected in the challenge site by both the skin suction blister and biopsy technique, at either time point following KLH or PPD challenge. Use of the T cell activation marker LAG-3 demonstrated the activated phenotype of these cells. In skin blisters, higher numbers of LAG-3+ T cells were detected at 48 h post-challenge, whereas in the biopsies, similar numbers of LAG-3+ cells were observed at both 48 and 120 h. Analysis of blister T cell subpopulations revealed some differences in phenotypes between the time points and between the CD4 and CD8 T cells. Blister cytokine analysis revealed a pro-inflammatory dominated signature in PPD-challenged skin. In summary, our data support the use of a repeat KLH and PPD DTH challenge in clinical trials and that the clinical measures of induration and to a lesser extent erythema are appropriate to monitor the clinical DTH response. Both the blister and biopsy can be utilised to assess and quantify activated T cells and at the dose used, PPD was better tolerated than KLH and hence may be optimal for future studies.

Genetic mapping of Pinus flexilis major gene (Cr4) for resistance to white pine blister rust using transcriptome-based SNP genotyping

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Anna W. Schoettle; Richard A. Sniezko; Rona N. Sturrock; Arezoo Zamany; Holly Williams; Amanda Ha; Danelle Chan; Bob Danchok; Douglas P. Savin; Angelia Kegley

2016-01-01

Linkage of DNA markers with phenotypic traits provides essential information to dissect clustered genes with potential phenotypic contributions in a target genome region. Pinus flexilis E. James (limber pine) is a keystone five-needle pine species in mountain-top ecosystems of North America. White pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by a non-native fungal...

Chemical Blistering: Cellular and Macromolecular Components

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-12-31

blistering proceeds irrevocably unless the action of the chemical is neutralized within the first several minutes of exposure. Warthin and Weiler (1919...of the pathologic process is set within the first 3 min of exposure in vivo. Warthin and Weiler (1919) found that erythema, inflammation, and...Keratinocyte Culture System Following Exposure to Sulfur Mustard. J. Toxicol. Environ. Health, 23:507-518. Warthin , A.S., Poisoning. C.V. and

The distribution and incidence of white pine blister rust in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi

2007-01-01

A survey of limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) to determine the geographic distribution, incidence, and severity of white pine blister rust (WPBR) throughout 13 study areas in central and southeastern Wyoming and northern Colorado was conducted from 2002 to 2004. The majority (81.1%) of the 18719 surveyed limber pines>1.37 m tall were classified...

Growing white pine in the Lake States to avoid blister rust

Treesearch

Eugene P. Van Arsdel

1961-01-01

Since white pine is one of the most desirable tree species for the Lake States region, it is unfortunate that fear of the blister rust disease has greatly limited the amount of white pine planted. Research has shown that, in many areas, loss from the disease has not been great even where pine stands have not been protected through ribes eradication. Conversely, in...

Non-Ribes alternate hosts of white pine blister rust: What this discovery means to whitebark pine

Treesearch

Paul J. Zambino; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2006-01-01

From early to present-day outbreaks, white pine blister rust caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, in combination with mountain pine beetle outbreaks and fire exclusion has caused ecosystem-wide effects for all five-needled pines (McDonald and Hoff 2001). To be successful, efforts to restore whitebark pine will require sound management decisions that incorporate an...

A paradigm shift for white pine blister rust: Non-Ribes alternate hosts for Cronartium ribicola in North America

Treesearch

Paul J. Zambino; Bryce A. Richardson; Geral I. McDonald; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2007-01-01

Naturally occurring Cronartium ribicola infections were discovered in August and September, 2004 on Pedicularis racemosa and Castilleja miniata in a mixed stand of white pine blister rust-infected whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and western white pine (P. monticola) in northern Idaho, at Roman Nose Lakes, ca 30 km west of Bonners Ferry. Infections were confirmed by...

Silvical characteristics of balsam fir (Abies balsamea)

Treesearch

Arthur C. Hart

1959-01-01

Balsam fir takes its name from the Latin word for balm. Some people know the tree as the Balm-of-Gilead fir. It has also been called the blister fir, because of the bark blisters that yield Canada balsam, a resin that is used for, among other things, mounting microscope slides. The needles of balsam fir have a spicy aroma that Donald Culross Peattie has called "...

Conservation of biodiversity in sugar pine: effects of the blister rust epidemic on genetic diversity

Treesearch

Constance I. Millar; Bohun B. Kinloch; Robert D. Westfall

1992-01-01

Genetic diversity in sugar plne will be severely reduced by the blister rust pandemic predicted within the next 50 to 75 years. We model effects of the epidemic on genetic diversity at the stand and landscape levels for both natural and artificial regeneration. In natural stands, because natural frequencies of the dominant gene (R) for resistance are low, the most...

4.4.5S: Genetic interactions of white pines and blister rust in western North America

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch Jr.

1998-01-01

A century since its introduction to North America from Europe, white pine blister rust has come to be recognized as one of the catastrophic plant disease epidemics in history. It has yet to stabilize, continuing to spread and intensify. The nine native white pine hosts comprise major timber producers, important watershed protectors, keystone ecological species, and the...

No free lunch: Observations on seed predation, cone collection, and controlled germination of whitebark pine from the Canadian Rockies

Treesearch

Adrian Leslie; Brendan Wilson

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine is a keystone species of high elevation forests in western North America that is experiencing rapid decline due to fire exclusion policies, mountain pine beetle, and the introduced pathogen, white pine blister rust. Restoration activities include collecting cones and growing seedlings from individuals that show mechanisms for resistance to blister rust...

Status of white pine blister rust and seed collections in california's high-elevation white pine species

Treesearch

J. Dunlap

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust (caused by the non-native pathogen Cronartium ribicola) reached northern California about 80 years ago. Over the years its spread southward had been primarily recorded on sugar pine. However, observations on its occurrence had also been reported in several of the higher elevation five-needled white pine species in California. Since the late...

Field levels of infection of progenies of western white pines selected for blister rust resistance

Treesearch

R. J. Steinhoff

1971-01-01

Western white pine trees resulting from crosses of parents selected for phenotypic resistance to Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh., the white pine blister rust, were inspected for rust infection after 11 to 15 years in two field plots. When compared to controls and to natural reproduction, the progenies of crosses involving trees that exhibited general...

Microstructural characterization of an irradiated RERTR-6 U-7Mo/AA4043 alloy dispersion fuel plate specimen blister-tested to a final temperature of 500°C

DOE PAGES

Keiser, Jr., Dennis D.; Jue, Jan -Fong; Gan, Jian; ...

2017-02-27

The Material Management and Minimization (M3) Reactor Conversion Program, in the past called the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) Program, is developing low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuels for application in research reactors. U–Mo alloy dispersion fuel is one type being developed. Blister testing has been performed on different fuel plate samples to determine the margin to failure for fuel plates irradiated to different fission densities. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on a sample taken from a U-7Mo/AA4043 matrix dispersion fuel plate irradiated in the RERTR-6 experiment that was blister-tested up tomore » a final temperature of 500°C. The results indicated that two types of grain/cell boundaries were observed in the U- 7Mo fuel particles, one with a relatively low Mo content and fission gas bubbles and a second type enriched in Si, due to interdiffusion from the Si-containing matrix, with little evidence of fission gas bubbles. With respect to the behavior of the major fission gas Xe, a significant amount of the Xe was still observed within the U-7Mo fuel particle, along with microns into the AA4043 matrix. For the fuel/matrix interaction layers that form during fabrication and then grow during irradiation, they change from the as-irradiated amorphous structure to one that is crystalline after blister testing. In the AA4043 matrix, the original Si-rich precipitates, which are typically observed in as-irradiated U-Mo dispersion fuel, get consumed due to interdiffusion with the U-7Mo fuel particles during the blister test. Lastly, the fission gas bubbles that were originally around 2 nm in diameter and resided on a fission gas superlattice in the intragranular regions of as-irradiated U-7Mo fuel grew in size (up to ~20 nm diameter) during blister testing.« less

Microstructural characterization of an irradiated RERTR-6 U-7Mo/AA4043 alloy dispersion fuel plate specimen blister-tested to a final temperature of 500°C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Keiser, Jr., Dennis D.; Jue, Jan -Fong; Gan, Jian

The Material Management and Minimization (M3) Reactor Conversion Program, in the past called the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) Program, is developing low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuels for application in research reactors. U–Mo alloy dispersion fuel is one type being developed. Blister testing has been performed on different fuel plate samples to determine the margin to failure for fuel plates irradiated to different fission densities. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on a sample taken from a U-7Mo/AA4043 matrix dispersion fuel plate irradiated in the RERTR-6 experiment that was blister-tested up tomore » a final temperature of 500°C. The results indicated that two types of grain/cell boundaries were observed in the U- 7Mo fuel particles, one with a relatively low Mo content and fission gas bubbles and a second type enriched in Si, due to interdiffusion from the Si-containing matrix, with little evidence of fission gas bubbles. With respect to the behavior of the major fission gas Xe, a significant amount of the Xe was still observed within the U-7Mo fuel particle, along with microns into the AA4043 matrix. For the fuel/matrix interaction layers that form during fabrication and then grow during irradiation, they change from the as-irradiated amorphous structure to one that is crystalline after blister testing. In the AA4043 matrix, the original Si-rich precipitates, which are typically observed in as-irradiated U-Mo dispersion fuel, get consumed due to interdiffusion with the U-7Mo fuel particles during the blister test. Lastly, the fission gas bubbles that were originally around 2 nm in diameter and resided on a fission gas superlattice in the intragranular regions of as-irradiated U-7Mo fuel grew in size (up to ~20 nm diameter) during blister testing.« less

Microstructural characterization of an irradiated RERTR-6 U-7Mo/AA4043 alloy dispersion fuel plate specimen blister-tested to a final temperature of 500 °C

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keiser, Dennis D.; Jue, Jan-Fong; Gan, Jian; Miller, Brandon D.; Robinson, Adam B.; Madden, James W.; Ross Finlay, M.; Moore, Glenn; Medvedev, Pavel; Meyer, Mitch

2017-05-01

The Material Management and Minimization (M3) Reactor Conversion Program, in the past called the Reduced Enrichment for Research and Test Reactor (RERTR) Program, is developing low-enriched uranium (LEU) fuels for application in research and test reactors. U-Mo alloy dispersion fuel is one type being developed. Blister testing has been performed on different fuel plate samples to determine the margin to failure for fuel plates irradiated to different fission densities. Microstructural characterization was performed using scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy on a sample taken from a U-7Mo/AA4043 matrix dispersion fuel plate irradiated in the RERTR-6 experiment that was blister-tested up to a final temperature of 500 °C. The results indicated that two types of grain/cell boundaries were observed in the U-7Mo fuel particles, one with a relatively low Mo content and fission gas bubbles and a second type enriched in Si, due to interdiffusion from the Si-containing matrix, with little evidence of fission gas bubbles. With respect to the behavior of the major fission gas Xe, a significant amount of the Xe was still observed within the U-7Mo fuel particle, along with microns into the AA4043 matrix. For the fuel/matrix interaction layers that form during fabrication and then grow during irradiation, they change from the as-irradiated amorphous structure to one that is crystalline after blister testing. In the AA4043 matrix, the original Si-rich precipitates, which are typically observed in as-irradiated U-Mo dispersion fuel, get consumed due to interdiffusion with the U-7Mo fuel particles during the blister test. Finally, the fission gas bubbles that were originally around 3 nm in diameter and resided on a fission gas superlattice (FGS) in the intragranular regions of as-irradiated U-7Mo fuel grew in size (up to ∼20 nm diameter) during blister testing and, in many areas, are no longer organized as a superlattice.

Origin of microplasma instabilities during DC operation of silicon based microhollow cathode devices

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Felix, Valentin; Lefaucheux, Philippe; Aubry, Olivier; Golda, Judith; Schulz-von der Gathen, Volker; Overzet, Lawrence J.; Dussart, Rémi

2016-04-01

The failure mechanisms of micro hollow cathode discharges (MHCD) in silicon have been investigated using their I-V characteristics, high speed photography and scanning electron microscopy. Experiments were carried out in helium. We observed I-V instabilities in the form of rapid voltage decreases associated with current spikes. The current spikes can reach values more than 100 times greater than the average MHCD current. (The peaks can be more than 1 Ampere for a few 10’s of nanoseconds.) These current spikes are correlated in time with 3-10 μm diameter optical flashes that occur inside the cavities. The SEM characterizations indicated that blister-like structures form on the Si surface during plasma operation. Thin Si layers detach from the surface in localized regions. We theorize that shallow helium implantation occurs and forms the ‘blisters’ whenever the Si is biased as the cathode. These blisters ‘explode’ when the helium pressure inside them becomes too large leading to the transient micro-arcs seen in both the optical emission and the I-V characteristics. We noted that blisters were never found on the metal counter electrode, even when it was biased as the cathode (and the Si as the anode). This observation led to a few suggestions for delaying the failure of Si MHCDs. One may coat the Si cathode (cavities) with blister resistant material; design the MHCD array to operate with the Si as the anode rather than as the cathode; or use a gas additive to prevent surface damage. Regarding the latter, tests using SF6 as the gas additive successfully prevented blister formation through rapid etching. The result was an enhanced MHCD lifetime.

Evidence for a role of eosinophils in blister formation in bullous pemphigoid.

PubMed

de Graauw, E; Sitaru, C; Horn, M; Borradori, L; Yousefi, S; Simon, H-U; Simon, D

2017-07-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune bullous disease of the skin characterized by subepidermal blister formation due to tissue-bound and circulating autoantibodies to the hemidesmosomal antigens BP180 and BP230. Although eosinophils and their toxic mediators are found abundantly in BP lesions, their role in blister formation has remained unclear. To investigate the role of eosinophils in the pathogenesis of BP with a specific focus on blister formation and to define conditions inducing dermal-epidermal separation (DES). In an ex vivo human model of BP, normal human skin cryosections were incubated with purified human peripheral blood eosinophils with or without activation in the presence or absence of BP autoantibodies, brefeldin A, diphenyleneiodonium, DNase or blocking F(ab') 2 fragments to CD16, CD18, CD32 and CD64. Dermal-epidermal separation was assessed by light microscopy studies and quantified using Fiji software. Following activation with IL-5 and in the presence of BP autoantibodies, eosinophils induced separation along the dermal-epidermal junction of ex vivo skin. Dermal-epidermal separation was significantly reduced by blocking any of the following: Fcγ receptor binding (P = 0.048), eosinophil adhesion (P = 0.046), reactive oxygen species (ROS) production (P = 0.002), degranulation (P < 0.0001) or eosinophil extracellular trap (EET) formation (P = 0.048). Our results provide evidence that IL-5-activated eosinophils directly contribute to BP blister formation in the presence of BP autoantibodies. Dermal-epidermal separation by IL-5-activated eosinophils depends on adhesion and Fcγ receptor activation, requires elevated ROS production and degranulation and involves EET formation. Thus, targeting eosinophils may be a promising therapeutic approach for BP. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The use of suction blisters to measure sunscreen protection against UVR-induced DNA damage.

PubMed

Josse, Gwendal; Douki, Thierry; Le Digabel, Jimmy; Gravier, Eleonore; Questel, Emmanuel

2018-02-01

The formation of DNA photoproducts caused by solar UVR exposure needs to be investigated in-vivo and in particular in order to assess sunscreens' level of protection against solar genotoxicity. The study's purposes were: i) to evaluate if the roof of suction blisters is an appropriate sampling method for measuring photoproducts, and ii) to measure in-vivo sunscreen protection against cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. Skin areas on the interior forearms of eight healthy volunteers were exposed in-vivo to 2 MED of simulated solar radiation (SSR) and to 15 MED on a sunscreen protected area. After irradiation, six suction blisters were induced and the blister roofs were collected. Analysis of SSR-induced CPDs was performed by two independent methods: a chromatography coupled to mass spectroscopy (HPLC-MS/MS) approach and a 3D-imaging of CPD immunostaining by multiphoton microscopy on floating epidermal sheets. HPLC-MS/MS analyses showed that SSR-unexposed skin presented no CPD dimers, whereas 2 MED SSR-exposed skin showed a significant number of TT-CPD. The sunscreen covered skin exposed to 15 MED appeared highly protected from DNA damage, as the amount of CPD-dimers remained below the detection limit. The multiphoton-immunostaining analysis consistently showed that no CPD staining was observed on the non-SSR-exposed skin. A significant increase of CPD staining intensity and number of CPD-positive cells were observed on the 2 MED SSR-exposed skin. Sunscreen protected skin presented a very low staining intensity and the number of CPD-positive cells remained very close to non-SSR-exposed skin. This study showed that suction blister samples are very appropriate for measuring CPD dimers in-vivo, and that sunscreens provide high protection against UVR-induced DNA damage. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Histological observations on needle colonization by Cronartium ribicola in susceptible and resistant seedlings of whitebark pine and limber pine

Treesearch

Jeffrey Stone; Anna Schoettle; Richard Sniezko; Angelia Kegley

2011-01-01

Resistance to white pine blister rust based on a hypersensitive response (HR) that is conferred by a dominant gene has been identified as functioning in needles of blister rust-resistant families of sugar pine, western white pine and southwestern white pine. The typical HR response displays a characteristic local necrosis at the site of infection in the needles during...

A method for estimating white pine blister rust canker age on limber pine in the central Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Holly S. J. Kearns; William R. Jacobi; Brian W. Geils

2009-01-01

Epidemiological studies of white pine blister rust on limber pine require a temporal component to explain variations in incidence of infection and mortality. Unfortunately, it is not known how long the pathogen has been present at various sites in the central Rocky Mountains of North America. Canker age, computed from canker length and average expansion rate, can be...

"I've got a UFO stuck in my throat!"--an interesting case of foreign body impaction in the oesophagus.

PubMed

Yip, L W; Goh, F S; Sim, R S

1998-03-01

This is a case report of an elderly lady with odynophagia because she accidentally swallowed a tablet which was still wrapped in its blister pack. A discussion of foreign body ingestion, particularly in the elderly, is included. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first paper that includes a lateral cervical radiograph of an ingested blister pack.

Ecology of whitebark pine populations in relation to white pine blister rust infection in subalpine forests of the Lake Tahoe Basin: Implications for restoration

Treesearch

Patricia E. Maloney; Detlev R. Vogler; Camille E. Jensen; Annette Delfino Mix

2012-01-01

For over a century, white pine blister rust (WPBR), caused by the introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., has affected white pine (Subgenus Strobus) individuals, populations, and associated forest communities in North America. We surveyed eight populations of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) across a range of environmental conditions in...

The Influence of Antiperspirants on Foot-Blister Incidence Following Road Marching.

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-04-01

The influence of antiperspirants on foot blister incidence during road marching was examined in 1,130 cadets from the U.S. Military Academy, West...Point, New York. Cadets were separated into two groups that received either an antiperspirant or placebo preparation, and the study was double blinded...The antiperspirant was a commercially available substance consisting of 20% aluminum chloride hexahydrate in anhydrous ethyl alcohol. The placebo was

Development of a Lightweight, High Strength, Collapsible Hose

DTIC Science & Technology

1989-02-01

they will erupt through the elastomer as the hose exits the extrusion head and result in blistering of the cover and/or the lining. The jacket is...not successful. Extreme blistering of the elastomer occurred as the hose exited the extrusion head. The conclusion was drawn that moisture was not...HIGH STRENGTH, COLLAPSIBLE HOSE ABSTRACT This report documents an exploratory development effort to produce a 6-inch diameter, lightweight, high strength

A population genetic model for high-elevation five-needle pines: Projecting population outcomes in the presence of white pine blister rust

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; J. G. Klutsch; M. F. Antolin; S. Field

2011-01-01

The slow growth and long generation time of the five-needle pines have historically enabled these trees to persist on the landscape for centuries, but without sufficient regeneration opportunities these same traits hinder the species' ability to adapt to novel stresses such as the non-native disease white pine blister rust (WPBR). Increasing the frequency of...

White pine blister rust in northern ldaho and western Montana: alternatives for integrated management

Treesearch

Susan K. Hagle; Geral I. McDonald; Eugene A. Norby

1989-01-01

This report comprises a handbook for managing western white pine in northern ldaho and western Montana, under the threat of white pine blister rust. Various sections cover the history of the disease and efforts to combat it, the ecology of the white pine and Ribes, alternate host of the rust, and techniques for evaluating the rust hazard and attenuating it. The authors...

First report of the white pine blister rust pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, in Arizona

Treesearch

M. L. Fairweather; Brian Geils

2011-01-01

White pine blister rust, caused by Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch., was found on southwestern white pine (Pinus flexilis James var. reflexa Engelm., synonym P. strobiformis Engelm.) near Hawley Lake, Arizona (Apache County, White Mountains, 34.024°N, 109.776°W, elevation 2,357 m) in April 2009. Although white pines in the Southwest (Arizona and New Mexico) have been...

Restoration planting options for limber pines impacted by mountain pine beetles and/or white pine blister rust in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2010-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rock Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pine’s critical role these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating impacts. To develop forest-scale planting methods six seedling planting trial sites were installed...

A Sporadic Neonatal Case of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Generalized Intermediate with KRT5 and KRT14 Gene Mutations

PubMed Central

Wakiguchi, Hiroyuki; Hasegawa, Shunji; Maeba, Shinji; Kimura, Sasagu; Ito, Satoko; Tateishi, Hiroshi; Ueda, Kazuhiro; Ohga, Shouichi

2016-01-01

Background Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a rare genodermatosis resulting from multiple gene mutations, including KRT5 and KRT14. The clinical expression of the mechanobullous skin fragility disease has not been fully explained by the genotype. Case Description An 11-day-old Japanese newborn infant was hospitalized because of herpetiform skin blistering on the feet, which expanded systemically after birth. There was no evidence of virus infection. The biopsied skin lesion showed a blister on the lamina densa without keratin clumps, indicating a diagnosis of EBS-generalized intermediate. We punctured the blisters to remove the contents daily, which led to no exacerbation or infection. The genetic study determined that the patient carried double substitutions of KRT5 c.1424A > G (p.E475G) and KRT14 c.1237G > A (p.A413T). The asymptomatic mother and sister carried the KRT14 substitution, but the healthy father had no substitution of the KRT gene. Conclusion This is the first report of EBS-generalized intermediate in a newborn with de novo KRT5 gene mutation and KRT14 gene polymorphism, and no familial history of epidermolysis. Neonatal blistering due to EBS requires optimal skin management after excluding infectious and immunobullous diseases. PMID:26929861

Provenance study through analysis of microstructural characteristics using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy for Goryeo celadon excavated from the seabed.

PubMed

Min-su, Han

2013-08-01

This paper aims at identifying the provenance of Goryeo celadons by understanding its microstructural characteristics, such as particles, blisters, forms and amount of pores, and the presence of crystal formation, bodies, and glazes and its boundary, using an optical microscope and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The analysis of the reproduced samples shows that the glazed layer of the sherd fired at higher temperatures has lower viscosity and therefore it encourages the blisters to be combined together and the layer to become more transparent. In addition, the result showed that the vitrification and melting process of clay minerals such as feldspars and quartzs on the bodies was accelerated for those samples. To factor such characteristics of the microstructure and apply it to the sherds, the samples could be divided into six categories based on status, such as small particles with many small pores or mainly large and small circular pores in the bodies, only a limited number of varied sized blisters in the glazes, and a few blisters and needle-shaped crystals on the boundary surface. In conclusion, the analysis of the microstructural characteristics using an optical microscope and SEM have proven to be useful as a categorizing reference factor in a provenance study on Goryeo celadons.

The EGF Repeat-Specific O-GlcNAc-Transferase Eogt Interacts with Notch Signaling and Pyrimidine Metabolism Pathways in Drosophila

PubMed Central

Müller, Reto; Jenny, Andreas; Stanley, Pamela

2013-01-01

The O-GlcNAc transferase Eogt modifies EGF repeats in proteins that transit the secretory pathway, including Dumpy and Notch. In this paper, we show that the Notch ligands Delta and Serrate are also substrates of Eogt, that mutation of a putative UDP-GlcNAc binding DXD motif greatly reduces enzyme activity, and that Eogt and the cytoplasmic O-GlcNAc transferase Ogt have distinct substrates in Drosophila larvae. Loss of Eogt is larval lethal and disrupts Dumpy functions, but does not obviously perturb Notch signaling. To identify novel genetic interactions with eogt, we investigated dominant modification of wing blister formation caused by knock-down of eogt. Unexpectedly, heterozygosity for several members of the canonical Notch signaling pathway suppressed wing blister formation. And importantly, extensive genetic interactions with mutants in pyrimidine metabolism were identified. Removal of pyrimidine synthesis alleles suppressed wing blister formation, while removal of uracil catabolism alleles was synthetic lethal with eogt knock-down. Therefore, Eogt may regulate protein functions by O-GlcNAc modification of their EGF repeats, and cellular metabolism by affecting pyrimidine synthesis and catabolism. We propose that eogt knock-down in the wing leads to metabolic and signaling perturbations that increase cytosolic uracil levels, thereby causing wing blister formation. PMID:23671640

Evaluation of haemoglobin in blister fluid as an indicator of paediatric burn wound depth.

PubMed

Tanzer, Catherine; Sampson, Dayle L; Broadbent, James A; Cuttle, Leila; Kempf, Margit; Kimble, Roy M; Upton, Zee; Parker, Tony J

2015-08-01

The early and accurate assessment of burns is essential to inform patient treatment regimens; however, this first critical step in clinical practice remains a challenge for specialist burns clinicians worldwide. In this regard, protein biomarkers are a potential adjunct diagnostic tool to assist experienced clinical judgement. Free circulating haemoglobin has previously shown some promise as an indicator of burn depth in a murine animal model. Using blister fluid collected from paediatric burn patients, haemoglobin abundance was measured using semi-quantitative Western blot and immunoassays. Although a trend was observed in which haemoglobin abundance increased with burn wound severity, several patient samples deviated significantly from this trend. Further, it was found that haemoglobin concentration decreased significantly when whole cells, cell debris and fibrinous matrix was removed from the blister fluid by centrifugation; although the relationship to depth was still present. Statistical analyses showed that haemoglobin abundance in the fluid was more strongly related to the time between injury and sample collection and the time taken for spontaneous re-epithelialisation. We hypothesise that prolonged exposure to the blister fluid microenvironment may result in an increased haemoglobin abundance due to erythrocyte lysis, and delayed wound healing. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd and ISBI. All rights reserved.

White pine blister rust at mountain home demonstration state forest: a case study of the epidemic and prospects for genetic control.

Treesearch

Bohun B. Kinloch; Dulitz Jr.

1990-01-01

The behavior of white pine blister rust at Mountain Home State Demonstration Forest and surrounding areas in the southern Sierra Nevada of California indicates that the epidemic has not yet stabilized and that the most likely prognosis is a pandemic on white pines in this region within the next few decades. The impact on sugar pines, from young regeneration to old...

Contact Burn with Blister Formation in Children Treated with Sennosides.

PubMed

Cogley, Kimberly; Echevarria, Andrea; Correa, Catalina; De la Torre-Mondragón, Luis

2017-03-01

Eight children treated for severe constipation with sennosides unexpectedly developed contact burns with blisters secondary to the use of these laxatives. All patients wore diapers, and the injuries occurred overnight. To avoid this side effect, we recommend that patients treated with sennosides, especially those in diapers, receive the medication at a time that allows for bowel movements to occur during the day and not overnight. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Boat Hull Blisters: Repair Techniques and Long Term Effects on Hull Degradation

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-08-01

Swelling Stresses Produced by Diffusion; Long Term Damage by Water Absorption ; Effects of Gel Coat on Leaching of Water Soluble Material from...leinforcesents 5. Swelling Stresses Produced by Diffusion 6. Long Term Damage by Water Absorption 7. Effects of Gel Coat on Leaching of Water Soluble...the importance of bilge side water pick-up is emphasized. A second method for preventing blister formation is to eliminate or minimize the water soluble

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, infecting Pinus flexilis on Pine Mountain, Humboldt National Forest, Elko County, northeastern Nevada, U.S.A.

Treesearch

Detlev R. Vogler; Patricia E. Maloney; Tom Burt; Jacob W. Snelling

2017-01-01

In 2013, while surveying for five-needle white pine cone crops in northeastern Nevada, we observed white pine blister rust, caused by the rust pathogen Cronartium ribicola Fisch., infecting branches and stems of limber pines (Pinus flexilis James) on Pine Mountain (41.76975°N, 115.61622°W), Humboldt National Forest,...

Effects of Variations in Forebody and Afterbody Dead Rise on the Resistance and Spray Characteristics of the 22ADR Class VPB Airplane: Langley Tank Model 207, TED No. NACA 2361

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clement, Eugene P.; Daniels, Charles J.

1947-01-01

An investigation was made to determine the effects of changes in the amount and distribution of forebody and afterbody dead rise on the hydrodynamic resistance and spray characteristics of a 1/11-size model of the Bureau of Aeronautics design No. 22ADR class VPB airplane. The variations in dead rise within the range investigated had no significant effects on resistance or trim, free to trim, or on resistance or trimming moment, fixed in trim. The coordinates of the peaks of the bow-spray blisters, with reference to the model, were measured at low speeds, and it was found that the model with the low dead rise at the bow had the lowest blisters. The changes in position of the maximum dead rise of the afterbody had no effect on the bow-spray blister.

Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex.

PubMed

Scheidt, Lisa; Sanabe, Mariane Emi; Diniz, Michele Baffi

2015-01-01

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of hereditary chronic disorders, characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes in response to minor mechanical trauma. The objective of this study was to report the case of a young girl diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. Cutaneous findings included blisters and dystrophy following minimal friction. Recurrent blisters and vesicle formation on the hard palate were the main oral findings. In conclusion, publications concerning the oral and clinical manifestations of EBS are important for providing knowledge and an early multidisciplinary approach that prevents blister formation and improves these patients' quality of life, with the dentist playing an important role in oral health management. How to cite this article: Scheidt L, Sanabe ME, Diniz MB. Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):239-241.

Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex

PubMed Central

Scheidt, Lisa; Sanabe, Mariane Emi

2015-01-01

ABSTRACT Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) is a group of hereditary chronic disorders, characterized by fragility of the skin and mucous membranes in response to minor mechanical trauma. The objective of this study was to report the case of a young girl diagnosed with epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS), transmitted by an autosomal dominant gene. Cutaneous findings included blisters and dystrophy following minimal friction. Recurrent blisters and vesicle formation on the hard palate were the main oral findings. In conclusion, publications concerning the oral and clinical manifestations of EBS are important for providing knowledge and an early multidisciplinary approach that prevents blister formation and improves these patients’ quality of life, with the dentist playing an important role in oral health management. How to cite this article: Scheidt L, Sanabe ME, Diniz MB. Oral Manifestations and Dental Management of Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2015;8(3):239-241. PMID:26604545

A case of bullous dermatitis artefacta possibly induced by a deodorant spray.

PubMed

Ikenaga, Satsuki; Nakano, Hajime; Umegaki, Noriko; Moritsugu, Ryuta; Aizu, Takayuki; Kuribayashi, Michihito; Hanada, Katsumi

2006-01-01

Dermatitis artefacta is one of a spectrum of factitious diseases etiologically responsible for skin lesions denied by patients. These factors often make it difficult to identify the causative agents of the condition. Herein, we report a case of bullous dermatitis artefacta in a 12-year-old girl, for which a deodorant spray was suspected as the probable cause. Pathological examination revealed subepidermal blistering with full-thickness necrosis of the epidermis, suggesting a thermo- or cryo-induced injury. Psychological testing demonstrated her immaturity and dependence. In searching for the causative agent, we suspected a deodorant spray as a blister-inducing agent. We succeeded in reproducing a similar blister lesion on the volunteer's healthy skin using the same spray. Psychiatric involvement significantly complicates the treatment of factitious diseases, including dermatitis artefacta. Cooperation among dermatologists, psychiatrists and the patient's family members is required for ensuring a favorable prognosis.

Study of the mechanical behavior of the hydride blister/rim structure in Zircaloy-4 using in-situ synchrotron X-ray diffraction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Jun-li; Han, Xiaochun; Heuser, Brent J.

2016-04-01

High-energy synchrotron X-ray diffraction was utilized to study the mechanical response of the f.c.c delta hydride phase, the intermetallic precipitation with hexagonal C14 lave phase and the alpha-Zr phase in the Zircaloy-4 materials with a hydride rim/blister structure near one surface of the material during in-situ uniaxial tension experiment at 200 degrees C. The f.c.c delta was the only hydride phase observed in the rim/blister structure. The conventional Rietveld refinement was applied to measure the macro-strain equivalent response of the three phases. Two regions were delineated in the applied load versus lattice strain measurement: a linear elastic strain region andmore » region that exhibited load partitioning. Load partitioning was quantified by von Mises analysis. The three phases were observed to have similar elastic modulus at 200 degrees C.« less

Chinese version of the treatment of autoimmune bullous disease quality of life questionnaire: Reliability and validity.

PubMed

Chen, Guo; Yang, Baoqi; Zhang, Zhaoxia; Yang, Qing; Yan, Xiaoxiao; Murrell, Dédée F; Zhang, Furen

2018-01-01

Treatments for autoimmune blistering disease carry significant risks of medical complications and can affect the patient's quality of life. Recently, the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire was developed in Australia. The objective of this study was to evaluate the reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire in Chinese patients with autoimmune blistering diseases. The Chinese version of the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire was produced by forward-backward translation and cross-cultural adaptation of the original English version. Autoimmune blistering disease patients recruited in the study self-administered the Chinese Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire, the Dermatology Life Quality Index and the 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. Reliability of the Chinese Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life was evaluated using internal consistency and test-retest (days 0 and 7) methods. Validity was analyzed by face, content, construct, convergent and discriminant validity measures. A total of 86 autoimmune blistering disease patients were recruited for the study. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.883 and the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.871. Face and content validities were satisfactory. Convergent validity testing revealed correlation coefficients of 0.664 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life and Dermatology Life Quality Index and -0.577 for the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life and 36-item Short-Form Health Survey. With respect to discriminant validity, no significant differences were observed in the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life scores of men and women (t = 0.251, P = 0.802), inpatients and outpatients (t = 0.447, P = 0.656), patients on steroids and steroid-sparing medications (t = 0.672, P = 0.503) and patients with different autoimmune blistering disease subtypes (F = 0.030, P = 0.971). Illiterate patients were excluded from the study. The patients were from a single hospital and most of their conditions were in a relatively stable status. The Chinese version of the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaire is a reliable and valid instrument to measure treatment burden and to serve as an end point in clinical trials in Chinese autoimmune blistering disease patients.

Symposium on Toxic Substance Control: Decontamination, April 22 - 24, 1980, Columbus, Ohio.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-06-01

standard decontaminants is used. TABLE 1. Standard Chemical Decontaminants Decontaminant Agents Used On STB Blister and nerve agents DS-2 All chemical... agents M258 Kit Sodium Hydroxide, Ethanol, G-Series nerve agents Phenol, Water Chloramine B, ZnCI2, Blister ana V-Series Ethanol, Water nerve agents A...is a point source alarm that actively samples ambient air and reacts to low concentrations of nerve agents . The M-8 alarm detector also detects several

Breakdown of major gene resistance to white pine blister rust in sugar pine at Mountain Home Demonstration State Forest: what are the implications?

Treesearch

Jr. Bohun B. Kinloch

1996-01-01

A virulent race of blister rust capable of neutralizing major gene resistance (MGR) in sugar pine made its first appearance nearly two decades ago at a test plantation of resistant sugar pines near Happy Camp, in northern California. Until this year (1996), it had not been found outside the very close neighborhood of this site. Its discovery last summer at Mountain...

Physical stability and resistance to peroxidation of a range of liquid-fill hard gelatin capsule products on extreme long-term storage.

PubMed

Bowtle, William; Kanyowa, Lionel; Mackenzie, Mark; Higgins, Paul

2011-06-01

The industrial take-up of liquid-fill hard capsule technology is limited in part by lack of published long-term physical and chemical stability data which demonstrate the robustness of the system. To assess the effects of extreme long-term storage on liquid-fill capsule product quality and integrity, with respect to both the capsules per se and a standard blister-pack type (foil-film blister). Fourteen sets of stored peroxidation-sensitive liquid-fill hard gelatin capsule product samples, originating ~20 years from the current study, were examined with respect to physical and selected chemical properties, together with microbiological evaluation. All sets retained physical integrity of capsules and blister-packs. Capsules were free of leaks, gelatin cross-linking, and microbiological growth. Eight samples met a limit (anisidine value, 20) commonly used as an index of peroxidation for lipid-based products with shelf lives of 2-3 years. Foil-film blister-packs using PVC or PVC-PVdC as the thermoforming film were well-suited packaging components for the liquid-fill capsule format. The study confirms the long-term physical robustness of the liquid-fill hard capsule format, together with its manufacturing and banding processes. It also indicates that various peroxidation-sensitive products using the capsule format may be maintained satisfactorily over very prolonged storage periods.

Performance of thermal sprayed aluminium coatings in the splash zone and for riser service

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fischer, K.P.; Rosbrook, T.; Thomason, W.H.

1994-12-31

Historically, the coatings used in the splash zone have been either heavy duty coal tar epoxy or a glassflake epoxy. In 1982 Conoco justified a minimum 20 year service life for a sealed thermal sprayed aluminium (TSA) coating for the Hutton TLP risers and tethers. In 1984 the Hutton TLP was installed with 200 microns thickness TSA as the corrosion protection coating and without adding a corrosion allowance. After eight years service the TSA coating on the production risers and tethers is still in good condition. It was noted that the splash zone area was indistinguishable from the remainder ofmore » the inspected components. However, there was a noticeable difference between the production risers and the tethers. The tethers having a vinyl sealer showed a blistered surface while the risers with a silicone sealer did not show any blistering. No corrosion has been observed underneath any of the blisters. The importance of adequate sealers in connection with blistering has been documented by testing. The excellent long term performance of TSA coating in the splash zone has been further documented by the results of field studies published in the last few years. These experiences indicate that TSA coatings properly applied and with the use of specific sealer systems may provide a service life in excess of 30 years with no required maintenance.« less

Studies of phase transitions in the aripiprazole solid dosage form.

PubMed

Łaszcz, Marta; Witkowska, Anna

2016-01-05

Studies of the phase transitions in an active substance contained in a solid dosage form are very complicated but essential, especially if an active substance is classified as a BCS Class IV drug. The purpose of this work was the development of sensitive methods for the detection of the phase transitions in the aripiprazole tablets containing initially its form III. Aripiprazole exhibits polymorphism and pseudopolymorphism. Powder diffraction, Raman spectroscopy and differential scanning calorimetry methods were developed for the detection of the polymorphic transition between forms III and I as well as the phase transition of form III into aripiprazole monohydrate in tablets. The study involved the initial 10 mg and 30 mg tablets, as well as those stored in Al/Al blisters, a triplex blister pack and HDPE bottles (with and without desiccant) under accelerated and long term conditions. The polymorphic transition was not observed in the initial and stored tablets but it was visible on the DSC curve of the Abilify(®) 10 mg reference tablets. The formation of the monohydrate was observed in the diffractograms and Raman spectra in the tablets stored under accelerated conditions. The monohydrate phase was not detected in the tablets stored in the Al/Al blisters under long term conditions. The results showed that the Al/Al blisters can be recommended as the packaging of the aripiprazole tablets containing form III. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mast cells play a key role in neutrophil recruitment in experimental bullous pemphigoid

PubMed Central

Chen, Ruoyan; Ning, Gang; Zhao, Ming-Lang; Fleming, Matthew G.; Diaz, Luis A.; Werb, Zena; Liu, Zhi

2001-01-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an inflammatory subepidermal blistering disease associated with an IgG autoimmune response to the hemidesmosomal protein BP180. Passive transfer of antibodies to the murine BP180 (mBP180) ectodomain triggers a blistering skin disease in mice that depends on complement activation and neutrophil infiltration and closely mimics human BP. In the present study, we show that mast cells (MCs) play a crucial role in experimental BP. Wild-type mice injected intradermally with pathogenic anti-mBP180 IgG exhibited extensive MC degranulation in skin, which preceded neutrophil infiltration and subsequent subepidermal blistering. In contrast, mice genetically deficient in MCs or MC-sufficient mice pretreated with an inhibitor of MC degranulation failed to develop BP. Further, MC-deficient mice reconstituted in skin with MCs became susceptible to experimental BP. Despite the activation of complement to yield C3a and C5a, in the absence of MCs, accumulation of neutrophils at the injection site was blunted. The lack of response due to MC deficiency was overcome by intradermal administration of a neutrophil chemoattractant, IL-8, or by reconstitution of the injection sites with neutrophils. These findings provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that MCs play an essential role in neutrophil recruitment during subepidermal blister formation in experimental BP. PMID:11602622

Skin breakdown and blisters from senna-containing laxatives in young children.

PubMed

Spiller, Henry A; Winter, Mark L; Weber, Julie A; Krenzelok, Edward P; Anderson, Deborah L; Ryan, Mark L

2003-05-01

At the direction of the Food and Drug Administration, phenolphthalein was removed from all over-the-counter laxatives in 1999. Phenolphthalein was then replaced in most laxative products with the natural product senna from Cassia acutifolia Delile, which contains various anthraquinones. No data are available on the safety of senna use in children <6 years of age. To describe the clinical outcomes of exposure to unintentional ingestion of senna-containing laxatives in young children. All ingestion exposures of senna-containing laxatives in children <5 years of age from 6 poison centers over a 9-month period were evaluated. Inclusion criteria required 24-hour follow-up and the presence of diarrhea to confirm ingestion. Parents were told routinely that severe diaper rash was possible and to protect the perianal area with frequent cleansing and a barrier ointment if the child was wearing diapers. During the study period, 111 cases were reported: 19 children experienced no diarrhea, 4 were lost to follow-up, and 88 exposures were evaluated. Fifty-two children (59%) were

CD94/NKG2C is a killer effector molecule in patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis.

PubMed

Morel, Esther; Escamochero, Salvador; Cabañas, Rosario; Díaz, Rosa; Fiandor, Ana; Bellón, Teresa

2010-03-01

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) and Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) are severe, bullous cutaneous diseases with uncertain pathogenesis, although cytotoxic T cells seem to be involved. Natural killer (NK)-like activity has been found in blister infiltrates. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) with NK-like activity (NK-CTLs) have been shown to express T-cell receptors restricted by the HLA-Ib molecule HLA-E. Alternatively, the HLA-E-specific activating receptor CD94/NKG2C can trigger T-cell receptor-independent cytotoxicity in CTLs. Our aim was to test whether HLA-E expression sensitizes keratinocytes to killing by CTLs with NK-like activity and to explore the expression of activating receptors specific for HLA-E in blister cytotoxic lymphocytes. We used flow cytometry and immunohistochemistry to analyze HLA-E expression in keratinocytes from affected skin in patients with SJS, TEN, and other less severe drug-induced exanthemas. The expression of CD94/NKG2C was analyzed by means of flow cytometry in PBMCs and blister cells from patients. PBMCs and blister cells were analyzed for their ability to kill HLA-E-expressing cells. Involvement of CD94/NKG2C in triggering degranulation of cytolytic cells was explored by means of CD107a mobilization assays and standard cytotoxicity chromium release assays. We found that keratinocytes from affected skin expressed HLA-E and that cell-surface HLA-E sensitizes keratinocytes to killing by CD94/NKG2C(+) CTLs. Frequencies of CD94/NKG2C(+) peripheral blood T and NK cells were increased in patients with SJS and TEN during the acute phase. Moreover, activated blister T and NK lymphocytes expressed CD94/NKG2C and were able to degranulate in response to HLA-E(+) cells in an NKG2C-dependent manner. CD94/NKG2C might be involved in triggering cytotoxic lymphocytes in patients with SJS and TEN.

Department of Defense Chemical, Biological, Defense Program, Annual Report to Congress, March 2005

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

nerve agents ( GA , GB, GD, and GF), V type nerve agents , and H (mustard) type blister agents . M8 paper can identify agents through...The M21 RSCAAL is an automatic scanning, passive infrared sensor that detects nerve ( GA , GB, and GD) and blister (H and L) agent vapor clouds...Chief of Staff for Programs GA – tabun, a nerve agent GAO – General Accounting Office GB – sarin, a nerve agent GD – soman, a nerve

Conference on Receptor-Based Biosensors (3rd) Held in Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland, September 1987

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-07-01

agents throughout the world had mode the threat to U.S. forces an urgent reality, perhaps more so now than ever. The use of blister and nerve agents ...today we have no capability to detect biological organism, toxins, or anything other then the traditional nerve , blood, and blister type agents . For...anticholinesterase. This kind of result was duplicated by Dr. Valdes at his lab at Edgewood. All the nerve agents that we looked at produced this result

Pearling Instabilities of a Viscoelastic Thread

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Deblais, A.; Velikov, K. P.; Bonn, D.

2018-05-01

Pearling instabilities of slender viscoelastic threads have received much attention, but remain incompletely understood. We study the instabilities in polymer solutions subject to uniaxial elongational flow. Two distinctly different instabilites are observed: beads on a string and blistering. The beads-on-a-string structure arises from a capillary instability whereas the blistering instability has a different origin: it is due to a coupling between stress and polymer concentration. By varying the temperature to change the solution properties we elucidate the interplay between flow and phase separation.

Acral peeling skin syndrome: a case of two brothers.

PubMed

Wakade, Oojwala; Adams, Beth; Shwayder, Tor

2009-01-01

We report two brothers of Middle Eastern descent with consanguineous parents who present with numerous fragile, flaccid blisters on the hands and feet. In addition to spontaneous peeling, they can manually peel skin from acral areas without pain. The symptoms worsen with warm temperatures, excessive water exposure, and perspiration. Two biopsies from flaccid blisters on the feet were taken from the older brother, which revealed cleavage at the level of the stratum corneum. A diagnosis of acral peeling skin syndrome was made.

The Effect of Substrate Contaminates on the Life of Epoxy Coatings Submerged in Sea Water

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-03-01

contaminants: coal tar, SovaPon, Mare Island and Aquapon . Aquapon is a clear (unpigmented) polyamide epoxy coating. While Aquapon is not normally used for...pigmented coatings. It was found that the Aquapon and coal tar coatings performed similarly, and blistered to the same extent, at the contamination levels...used in the test program. The Sovapon and Mare Island coatings were slightly more resistive to blistering when compared to Aquapon or coal tar but they

Doxycycline versus prednisolone as an initial treatment strategy for bullous pemphigoid: a pragmatic, non-inferiority, randomised controlled trial.

PubMed

Williams, Hywel C; Wojnarowska, Fenella; Kirtschig, Gudula; Mason, James; Godec, Thomas R; Schmidt, Enno; Chalmers, Joanne R; Childs, Margaret; Walton, Shernaz; Harman, Karen; Chapman, Anna; Whitham, Diane; Nunn, Andrew J

2017-04-22

Bullous pemphigoid is a blistering skin disorder with increased mortality. We tested whether a strategy of starting treatment with doxycycline gives acceptable short-term blister control while conferring long-term safety advantages over starting treatment with oral corticosteroids. We did a pragmatic, multicentre, parallel-group randomised controlled trial of adults with bullous pemphigoid (three or more blisters at two or more sites and linear basement membrane IgG or C3). Participants were randomly assigned to doxycycline (200 mg per day) or prednisolone (0·5 mg/kg per day) using random permuted blocks of randomly varying size, and stratified by baseline severity (3-9, 10-30, and >30 blisters for mild, moderate, and severe disease, respectively). Localised adjuvant potent topical corticosteroids (<30 g per week) were permitted during weeks 1-3. The non-inferiority primary effectiveness outcome was the proportion of participants with three or fewer blisters at 6 weeks. We assumed that doxycycline would be 25% less effective than corticosteroids with a 37% acceptable margin of non-inferiority. The primary safety outcome was the proportion with severe, life-threatening, or fatal (grade 3-5) treatment-related adverse events by 52 weeks. Analysis (modified intention to treat [mITT] for the superiority safety analysis and mITT and per protocol for non-inferiority effectiveness analysis) used a regression model adjusting for baseline disease severity, age, and Karnofsky score, with missing data imputed. The trial is registered at ISRCTN, number ISRCTN13704604. Between March 1, 2009, and Oct 31, 2013, 132 patients were randomly assigned to doxycycline and 121 to prednisolone from 54 UK and seven German dermatology centres. Mean age was 77·7 years (SD 9·7) and 173 (68%) of 253 patients had moderate-to-severe baseline disease. For those starting doxycycline, 83 (74%) of 112 patients had three or fewer blisters at 6 weeks compared with 92 (91%) of 101 patients on prednisolone, an adjusted difference of 18·6% (90% CI 11·1-26·1) favouring prednisolone (upper limit of 90% CI, 26·1%, within the predefined 37% margin). Related severe, life-threatening, and fatal events at 52 weeks were 18% (22 of 121) for those starting doxycycline and 36% (41 of 113) for prednisolone (mITT), an adjusted difference of 19·0% (95% CI 7·9-30·1), p=0·001. Starting patients on doxycycline is non-inferior to standard treatment with oral prednisolone for short-term blister control in bullous pemphigoid and significantly safer in the long-term. NIHR Health Technology Assessment Programme. Copyright © 2017 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY license. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

Usefulness of a Simple Immunohistochemical Staining Technique to Differentiate Anti-p200 Pemphigoid From Other Autoimmune Blistering Diseases: A Report of 2 Cases.

PubMed

García-Díez, I; Martínez-Escala, M E; Ishii, N; Hashimoto, T; Mascaró Galy, J M; Pujol, R M; Herrero-González, J E

Anti-p200 pemphigoid is a rare autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease characterized by the presence of circulating immunoglobulin G antibodies directed against laminin gamma-1, a 200-kDa protein located in the lamina lucida of the basement membrane. We review the clinical, histopathological and immunological characteristics of the first 2 cases described in Spain. Anti-p200 pemphigoid shares histopathological and immunopathological findings with epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, the main entity in the differential diagnosis. However, its management follows the same guidelines as those used for bullous pemphigoid. The diagnosis is confirmed by immunoblotting, which is a complex technique available in few centers. We propose the immunohistochemical detection of collagen type IV on the floor of the blister, combined with standard immunofluorescence techniques, as a simple, accessible alternative to differentiate anti-p200 pemphigoid from epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Copyright © 2016 AEDV. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

The Influence of Anger Expression on Wound Healing

PubMed Central

Gouin, Jean-Philippe; Kiecolt-Glaser, Janice K.; Malarkey, William B.; Glaser, Ronald

2008-01-01

Certain patterns of anger expression have been associated with maladaptive alterations in cortisol secretion, immune functioning, and surgical recovery. We hypothesized that outward and inward anger expression and lack of anger control would be associated with delayed wound healing. A sample of 98 community-dwelling participants received standardized blister wounds on their non-dominant forearm. After blistering, the wounds were monitored daily for eight days to assess speed of repair. Logistic regression was used to distinguish fast and slow healers based on their anger expression pattern. Individuals exhibiting lower levels of anger control were more likely to be categorized as slow healers. The anger control variable predicted wound repair over and above differences in hostility, negative affectivity, social support, and health behaviors. Furthermore, participants with lower levels of anger control exhibited higher cortisol reactivity during the blistering procedure. This enhanced cortisol secretion was in turn related to longer time to heal. These findings suggest that the ability to regulate the expression of one’s anger has a clinically relevant impact on wound healing. PMID:18078737

Blister-inducing antibodies target multiple epitopes on collagen VII in mice

PubMed Central

Csorba, Kinga; Chiriac, Mircea Teodor; Florea, Florina; Ghinia, Miruna Georgiana; Licarete, Emilia; Rados, Andreea; Sas, Alexandra; Vuta, Vlad; Sitaru, Cassian

2014-01-01

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease of mucous membranes and the skin caused by autoantibodies against collagen VII. In silico and wet laboratory epitope mapping studies revealed numerous distinct epitopes recognized by EBA patients' autoantibodies within the non-collagenous (NC)1 and NC2 domains of collagen VII. However, the distribution of pathogenic epitopes on collagen VII has not yet been described. In this study, we therefore performed an in vivo functional epitope mapping of pathogenic autoantibodies in experimental EBA. Animals (n = 10/group) immunized against fragments of the NC1 and NC2 domains of collagen VII or injected with antibodies generated against the same fragments developed to different extent experimental EBA. Our results demonstrate that antibodies targeting multiple, distinct epitopes distributed over the entire NC1, but not NC2 domain of collagen VII induce blistering skin disease in vivo. Our present findings have crucial implications for the development of antigen-specific B- and T cell-targeted therapies in EBA. PMID:25091020

The effect of autoimmune blistering diseases on work productivity.

PubMed

Wang, E Q; Radjenovic, M; Castrillón, M A; Feng, G H Y; Murrell, D F

2018-05-06

Autoimmune blistering diseases (AIBD) are known to negatively impact upon quality of life (QoL); however, there is a paucity of research on the effect of AIBD on work productivity. AIBD can be quite disfiguring in terms of a patient's appearance due to their blistering nature. To determine the impact of AIBD on work productivity and to determine whether patients are stigmatized at work due to their appearance. Sixty-one patients with AIBD completed the Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire-Specific Health Problem (WPAIQ-SHP), the Dermatology Life Quality Index (DLQI), the Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life (ABQOL) and the Treatment of Autoimmune Bullous Disease Quality of Life questionnaires (TABQOL). Non-responders to treatment had more work and activity impairment compared to responders. Worse WPAIQ-SHP scores were correlated with higher ABQOL, TABQOL and DLQI scores. Approximately 14.8% of subjects experienced stigmatization at work due to their appearance. The most common body areas stigmatized were easily visible sites, particularly the hands, arms and feet, with the majority of occurrences related to co-workers; for some patients, this stigmatization occurred on a daily basis. Loss of productivity at work was statistically much higher in those with higher disease severity, ABQOL & TABQOL scores and in non-responders to treatment. Autoimmune blistering diseases negatively impacts upon work productivity and activity. Stigmatization was common in the workplace which leads to increased stress, itself a stimulator of pemphigus. © 2018 European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology.

Identifying and exploring physical and psychological morbidity and patient and family caregiver resilience following acute wound development and/or wound blistering post orthopaedic surgery: a systematic review.

PubMed

Ousey, Karen; Edward, Karen-Leigh; Lui, Steve

2015-02-01

The aim of this article was to identify the literature that examined and explored physical and psychological morbidity and patient and family caregiver resilience following acute wound development and/or wound blistering post orthopaedic surgery. A systematic review of the literature using the databases MEDLINE, CINAHL and EMBASE was undertaken. The papers were examined using title and abstract for relevance to the primary and secondary outcomes. The primary outcome of interest was family caregiver resilience following acute wound development and/or wound blistering post orthopaedic surgery. The search yielded 275 records after removing any duplicates; eight studies were considered eligible and were reviewed as full text. Following full review, none of the studies was included in this article. To conclude, there were no papers that investigated or examined the concept of resilience in relation to the management of acute post-surgical orthopaedic wounds. Four of the papers identified, following the review process, did discuss quality of life outcomes and how these may be improved following wound development; most papers focused on the management of chronic wounds. It is apparent from the review that there is no evidence currently available that explores patient and family caregiver resilience following acute wound development and/or wound blistering post orthopaedic surgery. © 2013 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2013 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

The role of natural killer cells in autoimmune blistering diseases.

PubMed

Zakka, L R; Fradkov, E; Keskin, D B; Tabansky, I; Stern, J N H; Ahmed, A R

2012-02-01

The major focus of this paper is to describe and evaluate current information on the role of natural killer cells (NK cells) in the pathogenesis of blistering diseases. Until now, only pemphigus vulgaris (PV) has been studied. One co-culture study demonstrated that CD4+ T cells from the peripheral blood or perilesional skin of patients with active disease proliferate and secrete cytokines in the presence of major histocompatibility class II-expressing NK cells loaded with antigenic desmoglein self-peptides. Another study showed that NK cells can contribute to a T helper type 2-biased immune response through impaired interleukins (IL)-12 signaling and upregulation of IL, IL-10 and IL-5. Although significant data on other blistering diseases are unavailable at present, some studies implicate NK cells in disease progression. For instance, information on the role of NK cells in psoriasis and their production of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) will be provided since several TNF-α-inhibitors are used in its treatment. Studies on alopecia areata are also included in this paper because NK cells seem to play a key role in its pathogenesis. This review highlights the potential importance of NK cells and NKT cells as members of the large repertoire of cells and soluble mediators that play a critical role in pathogenesis of blistering diseases and other autoimmune diseases involving the skin. Therefore, the authors advocate a greater focus and interest on the study of the interaction of NK cells and the skin.

Narrow energy band gap gallium arsenide nitride semi-conductors and an ion-cut-synthesis method for producing the same

DOEpatents

Weng, Xiaojun; Goldman, Rachel S.

2006-06-06

A method for forming a semi-conductor material is provided that comprises forming a donor substrate constructed of GaAs, providing a receiver substrate, implanting nitrogen into the donor substrate to form an implanted layer comprising GaAs and nitrogen. The implanted layer is bonded to the receiver substrate and annealed to form GaAsN and nitrogen micro-blisters in the implanted layer. The micro-blisters allow the implanted layer to be cleaved from the donor substrate.

Failure analysis of blistered gold plating on spot welded electrical relays

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sokolowski, Witold; O'Donnell, Tim

1989-01-01

Gold-plated stainless-steel sideplates, part of a JPL Galileo spacecraft electronic-relay assembly, exhibited blistering after resistance spot welding. Unacceptable relays had heavy nonuniform gold electrodeposited layers with thicknesses 4.5-11.5 microns. SEM and metallographic investigations indicated much higher heat input generated during the resistance spot welding in unacceptable relays. The attributes of acceptable welded relays are contrasted with unacceptable relays; the possible mechanism of laminar formation of polymeric material in the gold plating is discussed; and some recommendations are provided to prevent similar problems.

[Blister dermatitis caused by Epicauta flagellaria (Erichson) (Coleoptera: Meloidae) species].

PubMed

Méndez, E; Sáenz, R E; Johnson, C M

1989-09-01

This paper is the first published report of vesicular dermatitis due to blister beetles of the family Meloidae in Panamá. A familial outbreak of bullous dermatitis caused by Epicauta flagellaria (Erichson) is described. All previous cases known in the Gorgas Memorial Laboratory were associated with E. isthmica Werner. Bullous lesions are produced when cantharidin, a vesicating toxin contained in the beetle's body, is released at the time the insect is crushed or rubbed upon the exposed skin. Rules for the treatment and prevention of this disease are indicated.

Photo-induced toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by clobazam.

PubMed

Redondo, P; Vicente, J; España, A; Subira, M L; De Felipe, I; Quintanilla, E

1996-12-01

Toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN) is a life-threatening disease, the pathogenesis of which remains largely unknown. We describe a 23-year-old woman under treatment with clobazam who developed lesions of TEN in light-exposed areas. Patch and photopatch tests with clobazam were negative. The cellular phenotype and cytokines were studied in blister fluid. The cellular infiltrate was composed mainly of T lymphocytes with a predominant cytotoxic phenotype. There was an increase in the level of tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha in blister fluid compared with the control (a patient with bullous pemphigoid).

Pill in the blister pack: a rare cause of dysphagia in an elderly adult

PubMed Central

Laeeq, Syed Mudassir; Rai, Ayesha Aslam; Tasneem, Abbas Ali; Luck, Nasir Hassan; Majid, Zain

2015-01-01

Foreign body impaction in the esophagus amongst adults is not a common cause of dysphagia. Fish bone, food bolus, dentures may cause symptoms of dysphagia, odynophagia, chest pain or respiratory distress. It needs prompt evaluation along with removal of the substance either surgically or endoscopically to avoid the development of life threatening complications. Here we are reporting a case of an elderly male, who presented to us with a history of absolute dysphagia for one week, as a consequence of ingestion of a pill in blister pack. PMID:26918072

The macroscopic delamination of thin films from elastic substrates

PubMed Central

Vella, Dominic; Bico, José; Boudaoud, Arezki; Roman, Benoit; Reis, Pedro M.

2009-01-01

The wrinkling and delamination of stiff thin films adhered to a polymer substrate have important applications in “flexible electronics.” The resulting periodic structures, when used for circuitry, have remarkable mechanical properties because stretching or twisting of the substrate is mostly accommodated through bending of the film, which minimizes fatigue or fracture. To date, applications in this context have used substrate patterning to create an anisotropic substrate-film adhesion energy, thereby producing a controlled array of delamination “blisters.” However, even in the absence of such patterning, blisters appear spontaneously, with a characteristic size. Here, we perform well-controlled experiments at macroscopic scales to study what sets the dimensions of these blisters in terms of the material properties and explain our results by using a combination of scaling and analytical methods. Besides pointing to a method for determining the interfacial toughness, our analysis suggests a number of design guidelines for the thin films used in flexible electronic applications. Crucially, we show that, to avoid the possibility that delamination may cause fatigue damage, the thin film thickness must be greater than a critical value, which we determine. PMID:19556551

Kindler syndrome.

PubMed

Kaviarasan, P K; Prasad, P V S; Shradda; Viswanathan, P

2005-01-01

Kindler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder associated with skin fragility. It is characterized by blistering in infancy, photosensitivity and progressive poikiloderma. The syndrome involves the skin and mucous membrane with radiological changes. The genetic defect has been identified on the short arm of chromosome 20. This report describes an 18-year-old patient with classical features like blistering and photosensitivity in childhood and the subsequent development of poikiloderma. The differential diagnosis of Kindler syndrome includes diseases like Bloom syndrome, Cockayne syndrome, dyskeratosis congenita, epidermolysis bullosa, Rothmund-Thomson syndrome and xeroderma pigmentosum. Our patient had classical cutaneous features of Kindler syndrome with phimosis as a complication.

Kindler syndrome.

PubMed

Lai-Cheong, Joey E; McGrath, John A

2010-01-01

Kindler syndrome (MIM173650) is an autosomal recessive genodermatosis characterized by poikiloderma, trauma-induced skin blistering, mucosal inflammation, and photosensitivity. Loss-of-function mutations in the FERMT1 gene are the cause of Kindler syndrome. Kindler syndrome is categorized as a subtype of epidermolysis bullosa (EB). During infancy and childhood, there is clinical overlap between Kindler syndrome and dystrophic EB. Unlike other forms of EB, Kindler syndrome is characterized by impaired actin cytoskeleton-extracellular matrix interactions and a variable plane of blister formation at or close to the dermal-epidermal junction. This article reviews clinicopathologic and molecular features of Kindler syndrome and discusses patient management.

Analysis of vesicle fluid following the sting of the lionfish Pterois volitans.

PubMed

Auerbach, P S; McKinney, H E; Rees, R S; Heggers, J P

1987-01-01

Fluid aspirated from blisters following a lionfish (Pterois volitans) sting was analyzed utilizing combined capillary column gas chromatography and negative ion chemical ionization mass spectrometry. Analysis for prostaglandin F2 alpha demonstrated 16.91 ng/ml, for prostaglandin E2 0.143 ng/ml, for 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha less than 0.1 ng/ml (nondetectable) and for thromboxane B2 1.65 ng/ml. Platelet aggregation studies showed that blister fluid caused aggregation of isolated platelets only, which was inhibited by heat treatment or by the presence of normal donor plasma.

Blister pouches for effective reagent storage and release for low cost point-of-care diagnostic applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Suzanne; Sewart, Rene; Land, Kevin; Roux, Pieter; Gärtner, Claudia; Becker, Holger

2016-03-01

Lab-on-a-chip devices are often applied to point-of-care diagnostic solutions as they are low-cost, compact, disposable, and require only small sample volumes. For such devices, various reagents are required for sample preparation and analysis and, for an integrated solution to be realized, on-chip reagent storage and automated introduction are required. This work describes the implementation and characterization of effective liquid reagent storage and release mechanisms utilizing blister pouches applied to various point-of-care diagnostic device applications. The manufacturing aspects as well as performance parameters are evaluated.

Evaluation of diminished microbial contamination in handling of a novel daily disposable flat pack contact lens.

PubMed

Nomachi, Miya; Sakanishi, Kotaro; Ichijima, Hideji; Cavanagh, H Dwight

2013-05-01

To evaluate the efficacy of a novel daily disposable (DD) flat package in regard to microbial contamination on the anterior and posterior surfaces of a contact lens (CL) during handling of the lens for insertion. Four kinds of commercially available general blister-packed daily disposable contact lenses (DD CLs) as controls and a novel Magic 1-day Menicon Flat Pack as a test lens were used for this in vitro study. Lenses were removed from their packages using fingers coated with fluorescein 3 to 5 μm beads or an approximately 7×10(2) to 2×10(3) colony-forming unit (CFU)/mL Staphylococcus aureus suspension. The transfer of fluorescein beads to the surface of the lenses was then observed by fluorescence microscopy. Microbial contamination on the lenses was observed by light microscopy after a 2-day incubation period; and, the number of colonies isolated from the contaminated lenses was determined after 4 days of incubation. The number of fluorescein beads on the Magic lens was significantly less (p<0.05) than that of the general blister-packed control lenses. Adherence of microbial colonies was observed on both inner and outer surfaces of general blister-packed lenses, whereas no colony formation was found on the inner surface of the Magic lens, and the lowest bacterial adherence was observed for the Magic lens. The data demonstrated that placement of the Magic DD lens onto the eye is accompanied by diminished microbial contamination compared with general blister-packed DD CLs. Eye care professionals; however, should instruct patients to comply with intended use of DD CLs to prevent CL-associated microbial keratitis. In all cases, hand washing is mandated prelens insertion.

Helium and deuterium irradiation effects in W-Ta composites produced by pulse plasma compaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dias, M.; Catarino, N.; Nunes, D.; Fortunato, E.; Nogueira, I.; Rosinki, M.; Correia, J. B.; Carvalho, P. A.; Alves, E.

2017-08-01

Tungsten-tantalum composites have been envisaged for first-wall components of nuclear fusion reactors; however, changes in their microstructure are expected from severe irradiation with helium and hydrogenic plasma species. In this study, composites were produced from ball milled W powder mixed with 10 at.% Ta fibers through consolidation by pulse plasma compaction. Implantation was carried out at room temperature with He+ (30 keV) or D+ (15 keV) or sequentially with He+ and D+ using ion beams with fluences of 5 × 1021 at/m2. Microstructural changes and deuterium retention in the implanted composites were investigated by scanning electron microscopy, coupled with focused ion beam and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry and nuclear reaction analysis. The composite materials consisted of Ta fibers dispersed in a nanostructured W matrix, with Ta2O5 layers at the interfacial regions. The Ta and Ta2O5 surfaces exhibited blisters after He+ implantation and subsequent D+ implantation worsened the blistering behavior of Ta2O5. Swelling was also pronounced in Ta2O5 where large blisters exhibited an internal nanometer-sized fuzz structure. Transmission electron microscopy revealed an extensive presence of dislocations in the metallic phases after the sequential implantation, while a relatively low density of defects was detected in Ta2O5. This behavior may be partially justified by a shielding effect from the blisters and fuzz structure developed progressively during implantation. The tungsten peaks in the X-ray diffractograms were markedly shifted after He+ implantation, and even more so after the sequential implantation, which is in agreement with the increased D retention inferred from nuclear reaction analysis.

Effects of an introduced pathogen and fire exclusion on the demography of sugar pine

USGS Publications Warehouse

van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Stephenson, Nathan L.; Keifer, MaryBeth; Keeley, Jon E.

2004-01-01

An introduced pathogen, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), has caused declines in five-needled pines throughout North America. Simultaneously, fire exclusion has resulted in dense stands in many forest types, which may create additional stress for these generally shade-intolerant pines. Fire exclusion also allows fuels to accumulate, and it is unclear how affected populations will respond to the reintroduction of fire. Although white pine blister rust and fire exclusion are widely recognized threats, long-term demographic data that document the effects of these stressors are rare. We present population trends from 2168 individuals over 5–15 years for an affected species, sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana), at several burned and unburned sites in the Sierra Nevada of California. Size-based matrix models indicate that most unburned populations have negative growth rates (λ range: 0.82–1.04). The growth rate of most populations was, however, indistinguishable from replacement levels (λ = 1.0), implying that, if populations are indeed declining, the progression of any such decline is slow, and longer observations are needed to clearly determine population trends. We found significant differences among population growth rates, primarily due to variation in recruitment rates. Deaths associated with blister rust and stress (i.e., resource competition) were common, suggesting significant roles for both blister rust and fire exclusion in determining population trajectories. Data from 15 prescribed fires showed that the immediate effect of burning was the death of many small trees, with the frequency of mortality returning to pre-fire levels within five years. In spite of a poor prognosis for sugar pine, our results suggest that we have time to apply and refine management strategies to protect this species.

Human autoantibodies against a desmosomal core protein in pemphigus foliaceus

PubMed Central

1984-01-01

Pemphigus foliaceus (PF) is a human autoimmune disease in which antibodies are directed against the cell surface of epidermal cells with resultant blister formation. The histopathology of these blisters indicates that cells have detached from each other, and electron microscopy of early blisters shows diminished numbers, to complete loss, of desmosomes as well as abnormalities of the tonofilament- desmosome complex. In this study we demonstrate that autoantibodies from certain PF patients bind to a desmosomal core glycoprotein called desmoglein (DG) I. Proteins in extracts of normal human epidermis were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE), then transferred to nitrocellulose or 2- aminophenylthioether paper for immunoperoxidase staining. Results of these immunoblots indicated that sera from 6 of 13 PF patients specifically and intensely stained an approximately 160,000 mol wt polypeptide, "PF antigen". Such staining was not seen with normal human sera or sera from patients with pemphigus vulgaris or bullous pemphigoid, two autoimmune blistering skin diseases that are clinically, histologically, and immunochemically distinct from PF. However, rabbit antiserum directed against DGI, that was isolated from bovine muzzle desmosomes, stained a polypeptide band which co-migrated with PF antigen. Furthermore, when proteins from extracts of normal human epidermis were electrophoresed in two dimensions (isoelectric focusing, then SDS-PAGE) before transfer to nitrocellulose for immunoperoxidase staining, PF antibodies and antibodies to DGI stained identical spots. Finally, PF sera as well as PF IgG that was affinity purified with PF antigen from normal human epidermis, both selectively bound to DGI extracted from bovine muzzle desmosomes. These studies demonstrate that the human autoantibodies from certain patients with PF, a disease of epidermal cell adhesion, are directed against a desmosomal core protein. PMID:6491602

Parent artery occlusion for ruptured “true” posterior communicating artery aneurysm

PubMed Central

Takeda, Nobuaki; Oishi, Hidenori; Arai, Hajime

2015-01-01

A case of a patient with a ruptured true posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is reported, who had been managed by early endovascular parent artery occlusion with coils. The small blister aneurysm was located at the proximal PCoA itself and directed superiorly. Postoperative course was uneventful. During 1-month follow-up, the patient recovered well and could care for herself. Aneurysms of the PCoA itself are very rare. As reported to date, surgical procedures would favor microsurgical clipping over endovascular coil embolization. Endovascular treatment may be a good alternative to surgical trapping for true PCoA blister aneurysm. PMID:25953771

Retrospective diagnosis of Kindler syndrome in a 37-year-old man.

PubMed

Thomson, M A; Ashton, G H S; McGrath, J A; Eady, R A J; Moss, C

2006-01-01

Kindler syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by acral blisters in infancy and early childhood, followed by photosensitivity, progressive poikiloderma and cutaneous atrophy. Other features include webbing of the toes and fingers, palmoplantar hyperkeratosis, gingival fragility, poor dentition, and mucosal involvement in the form of urethral, anal and oesophageal stenosis. The recent finding of KIND1 mutations in Kindler syndrome facilitates early diagnosis, prophylactic measures and more precise definition of the phenotype. In the family described here, molecular diagnosis of Kindler syndrome in an infant with acral blisters led to the belated diagnosis in a severely affected relative whose condition had remained unidentified for 37 years.

Paraneoplastic Pemphigus: A Paraneoplastic Autoimmune Multiorgan Syndrome or Autoimmune Multiorganopathy?

PubMed Central

Mahajan, Vikram K.; Sharma, Vikas; Chauhan, Pushpinder S.; Mehta, Karaninder S.; Sharma, Anju Lath; Abhinav, C.; Khatri, Gayatri; Prabha, Neel; Sharma, Saurabh; Negi, Muninder

2012-01-01

Paraneoplastic pemphigus (PNP), a clinically and immunopathologically distinct mucocutaneous blistering dermatosis, is a severe form of autoimmune multiorgan syndrome generally associated with poor therapeutic outcome and high mortality. This IgG-mediated disease is initiated by an obvious or occult lymphoproliferative disorder in most cases. Clinically severe mucositis, and polymorphic blistering skin eruptions, and histologically acantholysis, keratinocyte necrosis and interface dermatitis are its hallmark features. A 58-year-old female presented with recurrent, severe, recalcitrant stomatitis and widespread erosions/blistering lesions of one-year duration. Treatment with repeated courses of systemic corticosteroids at a peripheral center would provide temporary relief. She also had fever, productive cough, odynophagia and poor oral intake, herpes zoster ophthalmicus, pain in the abdomen, and watery diarrhea. An array of investigations revealed chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mediastinal and para-aortic lymphadenopathy, bronchiolitis obliterans, and vertebral osteoporosis/fractures. With the diagnosis of CLL-associated PNP she was managed with dexamethasone-cyclophosphamide pulse (DCP) therapy for 3 cycles initially, followed by COP regimen (cyclophosphamide, vincristine, and prednisolone) for 5 cycles. Remission is being maintained with chlorambucil and prednisolone pulse therapy once in 3 weeks with complete resolution of skin lesions and adequate control of CLL. PMID:23316398

Churg-Strauss syndrome with coexistence of eosinophilic vasculitis, granulomatous phlebitis and granulomatous dermatitis in bullous pemphigoid-like blisters.

PubMed

Ishibashi, Masafumi; Kudo, Saori; Yamamoto, Kyoko; Shimai, Nobuko; Chen, Ko-Ron

2011-03-01

The main histopathological features in the cutaneous lesions of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) are dermal leukocytoclastic vasculitis with a variable eosinophilic infiltrate and non-vasculitic tissue eosinophilia with granuloma formation. This wide histopathological spectrum may account for the various skin manifestations of CSS. However, the unique histopathological combination of dermal eosinophilic vasculitis and subcutaneous granulomatous phlebitis accompanied by bulla formation has not been previously described. We report an unusual CSS case showing dermal necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis and granulomatous phlebitis in purpuric lesions coupled with subepidermal blistering. The blisters showed dermal granulomatous dermatitis and eosinophilia without evidence of vasculitis. Dermal necrotizing eosinophilic vasculitis was characterized by fibrinoid alteration of the vessel wall, a prominent perivascular eosinophilic infiltrate, a few infiltrating histiocytes along the affected vessel wall, and the absence of neutrophilic infiltration. The underlying subcutaneous granulomatous phlebitis was characterized by an angiocentric histiocytic infiltrate surrounded by marked eosinophilic infiltrate. Deposition of cytotoxic proteins and radicals derived from eosinophils in the vessel walls and papillary dermis followed by a secondary granulomatous response may account for the unique clinical and histopathological features in this case. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

Subepidermal Blistering Induced by Human Autoantibodies to BP180 Requires Innate Immune Players in a Humanized Bullous Pemphigoid Mouse Model

PubMed Central

Liu, Zhi; Sui, Wen; Zhao, Minglang; Li, Zhuowei; Li, Ning; Thresher, Randy; Giudice, George J.; Fairley, Janet A.; Sitaru, Cassian; Zillikens, Detlef; Ning, Gang; Marinkovich, Peter; Diaz, Luis A.

2008-01-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is a cutaneous autoimmune inflammatory disease associated with subepidermal blistering and autoantibodies against BP180, a transmembrane collagen and major component of the hemidesmosome. Numerous inflammatory cells infiltrate the upper dermis in BP. IgG autoantibodies in BP fix complement and target multiple BP180 epitopes that are highly clustered within a non-collagen linker domain, termed NC16A. Anti-BP180 antibodies induce BP in mice. In this study, we generated a humanized mouse strain, in which the murine BP180NC14A is replaced with the homologous human BP180NC16A epitope cluster region. We show that the humanized NC16A (NC16A+/+) mice injected with anti-BP180NC16A autoantibodies develop BP-like subepidermal blisters. The F(ab′)2 fragments of pathogenic IgG fail to activate complement cascade and are no longer pathogenic. The NC16A+/+ mice pretreated with mast cell activation blocker or depleting of complement or neutrophils become resistant to BP. These findings suggest that the humoral response in BP critically depends on innate immune system players. PMID:18922680

Blistering behavior and deuterium retention in tungsten vanadium alloys exposed to deuterium plasma in the linear plasma device STEP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jun; Cheng, Long; Yuan, Yue; Qin, Shao-Yang; Arshad, Kameel; Guo, Wang-Guo; Wang, Zheng; Zhou, Zhang-Jian; Lu, Guang-Hong

2018-03-01

The behavior of tungsten-vanadium (W-V) alloys fabricated by powder metallurgy as a plasma facing material has been studied. W-V alloys with different vanadium concentrations (5 and 10 wt %) manufactured by hot pressing (HP) were exposed to deuterium plasma (flux ∼4.6 × 1021 m-2s-1, fluence ∼5.6 × 1025 m-2, ion energy ∼60 eV, target temperature ∼450 K) in the linear plasma device STEP at Beihang University. Three typical grains are observed on HP sintered W-V alloys and exhibit a significant effect on its performance under deuterium plasma irradiation. Surface blistering only occurs at W-enriched grains and is significantly mitigated in W-V alloys, especially in W-10 V, blistering is completely suppressed. On the other hand, deuterium retention dramatically increases in the W-V alloys due to vanadium addition. The deuterium retention in W-5 wt. % V is about 6.2 times more than that in rolled pure W, and this factor further increases to 6.9 when the V concentration rises to 10 wt %. We ascribe these phenomena to the changes of microstructures and components caused by vanadium addition.

Translation by anisotropic peeling or fracturing in elastic media

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Zhong; Lister, John; Neufeld, Jerome

2017-11-01

The influence of rock anisotropy on the direction of hydraulic fracturing is an important open question. Two canonical systems have been proposed to investigate the fundamental aspects of such fluid-structure interaction problems: (i) Fluid injection and fracturing into an infinite elastic matrix (e.g., solid gelatin) and (ii) Fluid invasion and peeling beneath a deforming elastic sheet (e.g., bending plate). We investigate the second system and impose a non-uniform prewetting film thickness beneath the elastic sheet. We notice that while the bulk of the elastic sheet retains the static blister shape, a non-uniform prewetting film thickness can cause a horizontal translation of the blister. In particular, for a step jump in prewetting film thickness, asymptotic analysis indicates that, under constant fluid injection, the horizontal translation follows a t 7 / 17 time dependence in cartesian coordinates, and the prefactor of power-law translation depends on the ratio of the distinct prewetting film thicknesses on either side. We also provide numerical and experimental evidence demonstrating anisotropic blister evolution. This can be thought of as a model system for fluid-driven fracturing where the non-uniform prewetting film thickness mimics heterogeneity in material toughness.

Parent artery occlusion for ruptured "true" posterior communicating artery aneurysm.

PubMed

Mitsuhashi, Takashi; Takeda, Nobuaki; Oishi, Hidenori; Arai, Hajime

2015-04-01

A case of a patient with a ruptured true posterior communicating artery (PCoA) aneurysm is reported, who had been managed by early endovascular parent artery occlusion with coils. The small blister aneurysm was located at the proximal PCoA itself and directed superiorly. Postoperative course was uneventful. During 1-month follow-up, the patient recovered well and could care for herself. Aneurysms of the PCoA itself are very rare. As reported to date, surgical procedures would favor microsurgical clipping over endovascular coil embolization. Endovascular treatment may be a good alternative to surgical trapping for true PCoA blister aneurysm. © The Author(s) 2015 Reprints and permissions: sagepub.co.uk/journalsPermissions.nav.

Traditional Herbal Remedies for Burn Wound Healing in Canon of Avicenna

PubMed Central

Aliasl, Jale; Khoshzaban, Fariba

2013-01-01

Burns are a worldwide problem. The incidence of severe burns has been higher than the combined incidence of tuberculosis and HIV infections. Throughout history there have been many different treatments prescribed for burns. The Canon is the masterpiece of Avicenna’s medical books. The Canon includes a description of 785 simple drugs. Avicenna believed in burn treatment, which follows two goals. The first goal is prevention of blistering and the second goal is treatment of the burn wound after it has created blisters, cold drugs are suitable for the first goal and dry drugs with moderate in cold and hot qualities are better for second goal, this study reviewed remedies for burn wounds in Canon.

Linear IgA bullous dermatosis in a neonate.

PubMed

Hruza, L L; Mallory, S B; Fitzgibbons, J; Mallory, G B

1993-06-01

A newborn black boy had two facial blisters at birth that progressed to bullous lesions over the trunk, genitals, extremities, and oral and tracheal mucosa. A biopsy specimen demonstrated a subepidermal bulla with mixed eosinophilic and neutrophilic, inflammatory infiltrate. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear IgA, IgG, and C3 depositions along the basement membrane zone, consistent with a diagnosis of childhood linear IgA bullous dermatosis (chronic bullous dermatosis of childhood). The skin disease was controlled with combined prednisone and dapsone. This is the youngest reported patient with the disease. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis should be considered in the differential diagnosis of blistering diseases of the newborn, and immunofluorescence should be performed on a skin biopsy specimen.

Extraction-spectrophotometric determination of traces of gold in copper in silver, lead, blister copper, copper concentrate and anode slime with 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)-thiobenzophenone.

PubMed

Tsukahara, I

1977-10-01

A sensitive spectrophotometric method has been developed for the determination of gold in copper, silver, lead, blister copper, copper concentrate and anode slime. Optimal conditions have been established for the extraction and determination of gold. Gold is extracted as its bromo complex with tri-n-octylamine and determined photometrically with 4,4'-bis(dimethylamino)thiobenzophenone; the absorbance of the organic phase is measured at 540 nm and the apparent molar absorptivity is about 1.2 x 10(5) 1.mole(-1). cm(-1). As little as 0.1 or 0.2 ppm of gold in these materials can be determined.

Congenital absence of dermatoglyphs.

PubMed

Límová, M; Blacker, K L; LeBoit, P E

1993-08-01

Congenital absence or unusual patterns of human dermatoglyphs (fingerprints) occur in several syndromes that are rare and poorly understood. The abnormalities of dermatoglyphs fall into four categories: complete absence, ridge hypoplasia, ridge dissociation, and ridges-off-the-end. Complete congenital absence of ridges is an exceedingly rare syndrome that consists of neonatal blisters and milia, adult traumatic blistering and fissuring, absence of sweating, contracture of digits, and absence of dermatoglyphs on the hands and feet. The syndrome is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern, and only two kindreds have been described in the literature. We describe a newly identified patient and kindred with findings similar to the previously reported cases and review the clinical and histopathologic findings of this syndrome.

Beam limiter for thermonuclear fusion devices

DOEpatents

Kaminsky, Manfred S.

1976-01-01

A beam limiter circumscribes the interior surface of a vacuum vessel to inhibit collisions of contained plasma and the vessel walls. The cross section of the material making up the limiter has a flatsided or slightly concave portion of increased width towards the plasma and portions of decreased width towards the interior surface of the vessel. This configuration is designed to prevent a major fraction of the material sputtered, vaporized and blistered from the limiter from reaching the plasma. It also allows adequate heat transfer from the wider to the narrower portions. The preferred materials for the beam limiter are solids of sintered, particulate materials of low atomic number with low vapor pressure and low sputtering and blistering yields.

Saccharomyces Boulardii

MedlinePlus

... blisters. High cholesterol. Hives. Lactose intolerance. Lyme disease. Urinary tract infections (UTIs). Yeast infections. Other conditions. More evidence is needed to rate Saccharomyces boulardii for these uses.

A screen to identify Drosophila genes required for integrin-mediated adhesion.

PubMed Central

Walsh, E P; Brown, N H

1998-01-01

Drosophila integrins have essential adhesive roles during development, including adhesion between the two wing surfaces. Most position-specific integrin mutations cause lethality, and clones of homozygous mutant cells in the wing do not adhere to the apposing surface, causing blisters. We have used FLP-FRT induced mitotic recombination to generate clones of randomly induced mutations in the F1 generation and screened for mutations that cause wing blisters. This phenotype is highly selective, since only 14 lethal complementation groups were identified in screens of the five major chromosome arms. Of the loci identified, 3 are PS integrin genes, 2 are blistered and bloated, and the remaining 9 appear to be newly characterized loci. All 11 nonintegrin loci are required on both sides of the wing, in contrast to integrin alpha subunit genes. Mutations in 8 loci only disrupt adhesion in the wing, similar to integrin mutations, while mutations in the 3 other loci cause additional wing defects. Mutations in 4 loci, like the strongest integrin mutations, cause a "tail-up" embryonic lethal phenotype, and mutant alleles of 1 of these loci strongly enhance an integrin mutation. Thus several of these loci are good candidates for genes encoding cytoplasmic proteins required for integrin function. PMID:9755209

Issues around the Prescription of Half Tablets in Northern Switzerland: The Irrational Case of Quetiapine

PubMed Central

Allemann, Samuel S.; Bornand, Delia; Hug, Balthasar; Hersberger, Kurt E.; Arnet, Isabelle

2015-01-01

Background. Prescription of fragmented tablets is useful for individualisation of dose but includes several drawbacks. Although without score lines, the antipsychotic drug quetiapine was in 2011 the most often prescribed 1/2 tablet in discharge prescriptions at the University Hospital in Basel (USB, 671 beds). We aimed at analysing the prescription patterns of split tablets in general and of quetiapine in particular in Switzerland. Methods. All orders of community pharmacies for unit-of-use soft pouch blisters placed at Medifilm AG, the leader company in Switzerland for repackaging into pouch blisters, were analysed. Results. Out of 4,784,999 tablets that were repacked in 2012 in unit-of-use pouch blisters, 8.5% were fragmented, mostly in half (87.6%), and were predominantly psycholeptics (pipamperone 15.8%). Prescription of half quetiapine appears to be a Basel specificity (highest rates of fragments and half quetiapine). Conclusions. Prescription of fragmented tablet is frequent. It represents a safety issue for the patient, and a pharmaceutical care issue for the pharmacist. In ambulatory care, the patient's cognitive and physical capacities must be clarified, suitability of the splitting of the tablet must be checked, appropriate aids must be offered, like a pill-splitting device in order to improve accuracy, and safe use of the drug must be ensured. PMID:26539514

Autoimmune bullous skin diseases. Part 1: Clinical manifestations.

PubMed

Kneisel, Andrea; Hertl, Michael

2011-10-01

Autoimmune bullous skin diseases are characterized by autoantibodies against adhesion molecules of the skin. Pemphigus is a disorder with an intraepidermal loss of adhesion and is characterized by fragile blisters and erosions. Pemphigus vulgaris often shows extensive lesions of the oral mucosa, while pemphigus foliaceus is commonly restricted to cutaneous involvement with puff pastry-like scale formation. Paraneoplastic pemphigus is obligatorily associated with malignancies and often presents as hemorrhagic stomatitis with multiforme-like exanthems. IgA pemphigus typically presents with pustules and annular plaques but not with mucosal involvement. The clinical spectrum of the pemphigoids includes tense blisters, urticarial plaques, and prurigo- like eczematous lesions. Pemphigoid gestationis mostly occurs during the last trimester of pregnancy and mucous membrane pemphigoid primarily involves the oral mucosa and conjunctivae and leads to scarring. Linear IgA bullous dermatosis manifests with tense blisters in a "cluster of jewels"-like pattern in childhood and is more heterogeneous in adulthood. Classical epidermolysis bullosa acquisita shows extensive skin fragility. Dermatitis herpetiformis is associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy and manifests clinically with severe itching and papulovesicles on the extensor surfaces of the extremities and the lumbosacral area. The intention of the review is to demonstrate the heterogeneous clinical spectrum of autoimmune bullous disorders. © The Authors • Journal compilation © Blackwell Verlag GmbH, Berlin.

Role of different pathways of the complement cascade in experimental bullous pemphigoid

PubMed Central

Nelson, Kelly C.; Zhao, Minglang; Schroeder, Pamela R.; Li, Ning; Wetsel, Rick A.; Diaz, Luis A.; Liu, Zhi

2006-01-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is an autoimmune subepidermal blistering disease associated with autoantibodies directed against the hemidesmosomal proteins BP180 and BP230 and inflammation. Passive transfer of antibodies to the murine BP180 (mBP180) induces a skin disease that closely resembles human BP. In the present study, we defined the roles of the different complement activation pathways in this model system. Mice deficient in the alternative pathway component factor B (Fb) and injected with pathogenic anti-mBP180 IgG developed delayed and less intense subepidermal blisters. Mice deficient in the classical pathway component complement component 4 (C4) and WT mice pretreated with neutralizing antibody against the first component of the classical pathway, C1q, were resistant to experimental BP. These mice exhibited a significantly reduced level of mast cell degranulation and polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN) infiltration in the skin. Intradermal administration of compound 48/80, a mast cell degranulating agent, restored BP disease in C4–/– mice. Furthermore, C4–/– mice became susceptible to experimental BP after local injection of PMN chemoattractant IL-8 or local reconstitution with PMNs. These findings provide the first direct evidence to our knowledge that complement activation via the classical and alternative pathways is crucial in subepidermal blister formation in experimental BP. PMID:17024247

Analysis of incidence of bulla formation after tattoo treatment using the combination of the picosecond Alexandrite laser and fractionated CO2 ablation.

PubMed

Au, Sonoa; Liolios, Ana M; Goldman, Mitchel P

2015-02-01

The picosecond Alexandrite laser has shown increased efficacy in tattoo removal in comparison to Q-switched lasers. However, bulla formation is a well-known and expected side effect of this novel treatment and causes patient discomfort. To analyze the incidence of bulla formation after tattoo treatment using the combination of the picosecond Alexandrite laser and fractionated CO2 ablation. This is a retrospective chart review to determine the incidence of bulla formation after laser tattoo removal in 95 patients who were treated with either with the picosecond Alexandrite laser alone or in combination with fractional CO2 ablation. Twenty-six patients (32%) treated with the picosecond laser alone experienced blistering, whereas none of the patients treated with the combination of the picosecond laser and fractionated CO2 ablation experienced blistering. The difference in incidence of bulla formation between the 2 groups was found to be statistically significant (p < .05). This study shows a significant decrease in bulla formation associated with tattoo treatment when fractionated CO2 ablation is added to the picosecond Alexandrite laser, which is consistent with observations from a previous case series. This is important because decreasing extensive blistering likely results in increased patient satisfaction and willingness to return for future treatments.

Comparative study on the in vitro performance of blister molded and conventional lornoxicam immediate release liquitablets: accelerated stability study and anti-inflammatory and ulcerogenic effects.

PubMed

El-Setouhy, Doaa Ahmed; Gamiel, Alaa Abdel-Rahman; Badawi, Alia Abd El-Latif; Osman, Afaf Sayed; Labib, Dina Ahmed

2017-03-01

Lornoxicam is a potent non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID). It shows limited solubility in the gastric pH, delayed bioavailability and pharmacodynamic effects with aggravated gastric side effects (due to longer residence in the stomach wall). To enhance dissolution of lornoxicam in the gastric fluid and expectedly absorption and pharmacological action, with less ulcerogenic effects. Formulation of immediate release (IR) lornoxicam liquitablets containing both liquid and solid release modulators (wetting agent, solubilizers and microenvironmental pH modifiers). Beside the traditional direct compression technique employed for the preparation of liquitablets a new technique, blister molding, was also used. The effect of the two different manufacturing methods on the fast release characteristics (rapid disintegration and dissolution) was studied. Stability and pharmacological activity of the optimum formula were also explored. Similarity factor pointed out the superiority of molding technique in enhancing dissolution of lornoxicam owing to significant crystallinity reduction (XRD). Optimum formula showed negligible change in drug content and dissolution profiles over 12 weeks, significantly improved anti-inflammatory activity and significantly reduced gastric ulcerative effect over pure lornoxicam and commercial formula. Blister molded lornoxicam liquitablet of improved dissolution and pharmacological activity and less gastric erosion was successfully prepared.

Bullosis Diabeticorum: A Rare Presentation with Immunoglobulin G (IgG) Deposition Related Vasculopathy. Case Report and Focused Review

PubMed Central

Sonani, Hardik; Salim, Sohail Abdul; Garla, Vishnu V.; Wile, Anna; Palabindala, Venkataraman

2018-01-01

Patient: Male, 42 Final Diagnosis: Bullosis diabeticorum Symptoms: Skin rash Medication: — Clinical Procedure: Debridement Specialty: Metabolic Disorders and Diabetics Objective: Rare co-existance of disease or pathology Background: Bullosis diabeticorum (BD) is a condition characterized by recurrent, spontaneous, and non-inflammatory blistering in patients with poorly controlled diabetes mellitus. While etiopathogenesis remains unclear, roles of neuropathy, vasculopathy and UV light are hypothesized. Most literature reports negative direct and indirect immunofluorescence findings in diabetics with bullous eruptions. Porphyria cutanea tarda, bullous pemphigoid, epidermolysis bullosa, and pseudoporphyria are other differential diagnoses of bullous lesions, and they must be excluded. Case Report: We present a 42-year-old African American male with long standing poorly controlled insulin dependent diabetes mellitus with blisters on his left hand and feet. The blisters were noticed three weeks prior to presentation and, thereafter, rapidly increased in size and spontaneously ruptured. Physical examination revealed a multitude of both roofed and unroofed bullous painless skin lesions. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining dramatized the dermal-epidermal blistering and re-epithelization process. Direct Immunofluorescence (DIF) was positive for 2 + IgG deposition in the already thickened basement membrane of the capillaries of the superficial vascular plexus. After debridement, his wounds greatly improved with over three months of aggressive wound care. Conclusions: Primary immunologic abnormality likely plays no role in the onset of BD. To date, only one article has reported nonspecific capillary-associated immunoglobulin M and C3. This is the first case of BD with IgG deposition in the superficial capillary basement membrane. Positive findings on DIF suggest vasculopathy. Dermal microangiopathy, secondary to immunologic abnormality, is a possible underlying pathogenesis to bullae formation. Punch biopsy with DIF can be an additional diagnostic modality in the management of such cases. PMID:29332930

Packaging interventions to increase medication adherence: systematic review and meta-analysis

PubMed Central

Conn, Vicki S.; Ruppar, Todd M.; Chan, Keith C.; Dunbar-Jacob, Jacqueline; Pepper, Ginette A.; De Geest, Sabina

2015-01-01

Objective Inadequate medication adherence is a widespread problem that contributes to increase chronic disease complications and health care expenditures. Packaging interventions using pill boxes and blister packs have been widely recommended to address the medication adherence issue. This meta-analysis review determined the overall effect of packaging interventions on medication adherence and health outcomes. In addition, we tested whether effects vary depending on intervention, sample, and design characteristics. Research design and methods Extensive literature search strategies included examination of 13 computerized databases and 19 research registries, hand searches of 57 journal, and author and ancestry searches. Eligible studies included either pill-boxes or blister packaging interventions to increase medication adherence. Primary study characteristics and outcomes were reliably coded. Random-effects analyses were used to calculate overall effect sizes and conduct moderator analyses. Results Data were synthesized across 22,858 subjects from 52 reports. The overall mean weighted standardized difference effect size for two-group comparisons was 0.593 (favoring treatment over control), which is consistent with the mean of 71% adherence for treatment subjects compared to 63% among control subjects. We found using moderator analyses that interventions were most effective when they used blister packs and were delivered in pharmacies, while interventions were less effective when studies included older subjects and those with cognitive impairment. Methodological moderator analyses revealed significantly larger effect sizes in studies reporting continuous data outcomes instead of dichotomous results and in studies using pharmacy refill medication adherence measures as compared to studies with self-report measures. Conclusions Overall, meta-analysis findings support the use of packaging interventions to effectively increase medication adherence. Limitations of the study include the exclusion of packaging interventions other than pill boxes and blister packs, evidence of publication bias, and primary study sparse reporting of health outcomes and potentially interesting moderating variables such as the number of prescribed medications. PMID:25333709

The occurrence and status of candidate species listed by the US Fish and Wildlife Service on Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 1, Kern County, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1988-11-01

The distribution and status of four plant and nine animal species being considered by the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) for protection under the Endangered Species Act and one animal species recently listed in the Act as endangered was determined for the Naval Petroleum Reserves in California (NPR-1 and 2). Hoover's woolly-star (Eriastrum hooveri), a Category 2 plant species, was located at 28 sites on NPR-1. The California jewelflower (Caulanthus californicus), Kern mallow (Eremalche kernensis), and San Joaquin woolly-threads (Lembertia congdonii) were not observed. Of these, the Kern mallow is most likely to occur based on habitat utilization andmore » autecology. No evidence was gathered that suggests the Buena Vista Lake shrew (Sorex ornatus relictus) was present on either of the Reserves. Nelson's antelope ground squirrel (Ammospermophilus nelsoni) and the short-nosed kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides brevinasus) are both Category 2 mammals that were relatively abundant on NPR-1 and 2. The San Joaquin pocket mouse (Perognathus inornatus) was also captured on NPR-1 and 2, but was less numerous. The Tipton kangaroo rat (Dipodomys nitratoides nitratoides), a recently listed endangered species, was found in Section 23S of NPR-1 and Section 18H of NPR-2. No evidence was found that Morrison's blister beetle (Lytta morrisoni), Moestan blister beetle (Lytta moesta), Hopping's blister beetle (Lytta hoppingi), and the Molestan blister beetle (Lytta molesta) exist on either of the Reserves. Similarly, a survey conducted for the striped-skinned snail (Helminthoglypta callistoderma) found no evidence that the snail exists on either of the Reserves. No additional surveys for candidate species that were undetected are needed unless new evidence is collected that suggests the species are or may be present. 17 figs., 7 tabs.« less

The relative contributions of disease and insects in the decline of a long-lived tree: a stochastic demographic model of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jules, Erik S; Jackson, Jenell I.; van Mantgem, Phillip J.; Beck, Jennifer S.; Murray, Michael P.; Sahara, E. April

2016-01-01

Pathogens and insect pests have become increasingly important drivers of tree mortality in forested ecosystems. Unfortunately, understanding the relative contributions of multiple mortality agents to the population decline of trees is difficult, because it requires frequent measures of tree survival, growth, and recruitment, as well as the incidence of mortality agents. We present a population model of whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a high-elevation tree undergoing rapid decline in western North America. The loss of whitebark pine is thought to be primarily due to an invasive pathogen (white pine blister rust; Cronartium ribicola) and a native insect (mountain pine beetle; Dendroctonus ponderosae). We utilized seven plots in Crater Lake National Park (Oregon, USA) where 1220 trees were surveyed for health and the presence of blister rust and beetle activity annually from 2003–2014, except 2008. We constructed size-based projection matrices for nine years and calculated the deterministic growth rate (λ) using an average matrix and the stochastic growth rate (λs) by simulation for whitebark pine in our study population. We then assessed the roles of blister rust and beetles by calculating λ and λsusing matrices in which we removed trees with blister rust and, separately, trees with beetles. We also conducted life-table response experiments (LTRE) to determine which demographic changes contributed most to differences in λ between ambient conditions and the two other scenarios. The model suggests that whitebark pine in our plots are currently declining 1.1% per year (λ = 0.9888, λs = 0.9899). Removing blister rust from the models resulted in almost no increase in growth (λ = 0.9916, λs = 0.9930), while removing beetles resulted in a larger increase in growth (λ = 1.0028, λs = 1.0045). The LTRE demonstrated that reductions in stasis of the three largest size classes due to beetles contributed most to the smaller λ in the ambient condition. Our work demonstrates a method for assessing the relative effects of different mortality agents on declining tree populations, and it shows that the effects of insects and pathogens can be markedly different from one another. In our study, beetle activity significantly reduced tree population growth while a pathogen had minimal effect, thus management actions to stabilize our study population will likely need to include reducing beetle activity.

A glass of red wine to keep vascular disease at bay, but what about pemphigus vulgaris?

PubMed

Caldarola, Giacomo; Feliciani, Claudio

2011-03-01

Pemphigus vulgaris is a rare autoimmune blistering disease, involving the skin and mucous epithelia, which is characterized by flaccid blisters and erosions. It is caused by the presence of autoantibodies directed against desmoglein, a glycoprotein that plays a critical role in cell-cell attachment. Upon a predisposing genetic background, different agents have been shown to act as triggers for the pathogenesis of pemphigus. The most evident association is with drug intake, while the role of diet is often underestimated. The aim of this article is to review the possible role of tannins, a group of phenolic metabolites that are widely distributed in almost all plant foods and beverages, particularly red wine, as a trigger for pemphigus vulgaris.

Nutritional support for children with epidermolysis bullosa.

PubMed

Haynes, Lesley

Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) comprises a rare group of genetically determined skin blistering disorders characterized by extreme fragility of the skin and mucous membranes, with recurrent blister formation. The cornerstones of management are control of infection, wound management, pain relief, promotion of optimal nutritional status and mobility, surgical intervention and provision of the best possible quality of life. There is currently no cure for EB and, throughout life, those with the more severe types are at risk of significant nutritional compromise which impacts negatively on health and overall quality of life. Nutritional support is an important facet of holistic care and the dietetic challenges can be considerable. This paper describes some of the issues involved in optimizing the nutritional status of children with this disorder.

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita in a Great Dane.

PubMed

Hill, P B; Boyer, P; Lau, P; Rybnicek, J; Hargreaves, J; Olivry, T

2008-02-01

Autoimmune subepidermal blistering diseases in dogs were all classified as bullous pemphigoid until 1998. Since then, refinements in reagents and immunological techniques have allowed diseases which are histologically similar but which have a different molecular pathogenesis to be described. This report describes the first case of one such disease, epidermolysis bullosa acquisita, to be documented in the UK. The dog presented with a severe blistering and ulcerative disease affecting the oral cavity, pinnae and distal limbs. The diagnosis was confirmed by histopathology and direct and indirect immunofluorescent demonstration of immunoglobulin G reactivity to basement membrane antigens. Treatment with glucocorticoids, azathioprine, colchicine and an intravenous infusion of immunoglobulins resulted in complete resolution. The drugs were discontinued 12 months after the start of treatment and the dog remained in remission.

Low level light therapy and tattoos: A case report.

PubMed

Ingenito, Teresa

2016-10-01

Physical therapists (PTs) frequently provide neuromusculoskeletal treatment for patients who incidentally may have one or more tattoos. Low level light therapy (LLLT) is one of the modalities commonly used by physical therapists to decrease pain and facilitate healing. This case report describes a 22 year old man who was given LLLT to address his complaints of musculoskeletal pain. Blistering of the skin was documented over the LLLT application site, a black tattoo. The blisters, which formed after the LLLT treatment were most likely caused by the inadvertent and unexpected heating of the iron oxides and/or the metal salts in the tattoo's black pigment. PTs should exercise caution when applying LLLT in the presence of dark tattoos. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dermatitis, contact on the cheek (image)

MedlinePlus

... skin inflammation (dermatitis) on the cheek caused by contact with a substance that produced an allergic reaction (allergen). Contact dermatitis causes redness, itching, and small blisters (vesicles).

Injuries Associated with the 580 km University Student Grand Voluntary Road March: Focus on Foot Injuries

PubMed Central

Choi, Sang-cheon; Min, Young-Gi; Lee, In-Soo; Yoon, Gi-Ho; Kang, Bo-Ra; Jung, Yoon-Seok; Cho, Joon-Pil

2013-01-01

College student volunteers (n = 142) completed a 580 km road march for 21 consecutive days. Each volunteer carried a backpack that weighed 14.1 ± 1.4 kg on the average. We investigated the incidence and location of blisters associated with the road march using a foot map along with other injuries. Overall, 95.1% of the subjects (135 of 142) sustained one or more injuries. All injured subjects had foot blisters, and 18% had other foot injuries. The most common locations of blister development were the right 5th toe (61%) and the left 5th toe (57%). The little toes seem to have been subjected to the greatest friction and shearing forces. March-related injuries, excluding foot injuries, were ankle pain (12.7%), knee pain (12.7%) and Achilles tendon pain (7.7%). Six subjects (4.2%) needed extra medical treatment for more than 2 weeks prior to returning to their daily lives after completion of the march due to associated injuries. The present study observed a very high incidence rate of injuries (95.1%) associated with the 580 km university students grand road march. These injuries posed an obstacle against completion of the road march and against returning to daily life. Active preventive interventions such as physical therapy and customized reinforced shoes and education program are recommended for reducing incidence rate and severity of injuries. PMID:24339714

Basal cell carcinoma in young women: an evaluation of the association of tanning bed use and smoking.

PubMed

Boyd, Alan S; Shyr, Yu; King, Lloyd E

2002-05-01

Basal cell carcinomas (BCCs) typically occur in middle-aged to elderly patients but less commonly in younger ones. In our experience, most BCCs seen in patients younger than 40 years are found in women. We evaluated 30 women with biopsy-proven BCC and 30 control patients matched for sex, age, and skin type to determine potential risk factors for this population. Tanning bed visits, pack-years of cigarette smoking, recreational sun exposure, number of blistering sunburns, and use of sunscreens were determined for both groups. Among patients with a BCC, the histologic type of tumor, site of involvement, method of treatment, follow-up period, incidence of recurrence, and presence of actinic keratoses were also evaluated. Patients with a BCC had a statistically greater number of pack years of smoking (P =.045), and a greater percentage of these women had experienced blistering sunburns (P =.028). Although women with a BCC had, on average, almost twice as many tanning salon visits (152.2 vs 83.1), this was not statistically significant. Sunscreen use and amount of recreational ultraviolet light exposure were essentially equal between the two groups. Young women with a BCC are more likely to have a past or current history of cigarette smoking and blistering sunburns. Repeated exposure to tanning beds may also be a contributory factor.

Gene editing for skin diseases: designer nucleases as tools for gene therapy of skin fragility disorders.

PubMed

March, Oliver P; Reichelt, Julia; Koller, Ulrich

2018-04-01

What is the topic of this review? This review concerns current gene editing strategies for blistering skin diseases with respect to individual genetic constellations and distinct conditions. What advances does it highlight? Specificity and safety dominate the discussion of gene editing applications for gene therapy, where a number of tools are implemented. Recent developments in this rapidly progressing field pose further questions regarding which tool is best suited for each particular use. The current treatment of inherited blistering skin diseases, such as epidermolysis bullosa (EB), is largely restricted to wound care and pain management. More effective therapeutic strategies are urgently required, and targeting the genetic basis of these severe diseases is now within reach. Here, we describe current gene editing tools and their potential to correct gene function in monogenetic blistering skin diseases. We present the features of the most frequently used gene editing techniques, transcription activator-like effector nuclease (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/CRISPR-associated protein 9 (CRISPR/Cas9), determining their preferential application for specific genetic conditions, including the type of mutational inheritance, the targeting site within the gene or the possibility to target the mutation specifically. Both tools have traits beneficial in specific situations. Promising developments in the field engender gene editing as a potentially powerful therapeutic option for future clinical applications. © 2017 The Authors. Experimental Physiology © 2017 The Physiological Society.

RNA-seq Analysis of Host and Viral Gene Expression Highlights Interaction between Varicella Zoster Virus and Keratinocyte Differentiation

PubMed Central

Singh, Manuraj; Kanda, Ravinder K.; Yee, Michael B.; Kellam, Paul; Hollinshead, Michael; Kinchington, Paul R.; O'Toole, Edel A.; Breuer, Judith

2014-01-01

Varicella zoster virus (VZV) is the etiological agent of chickenpox and shingles, diseases characterized by epidermal skin blistering. Using a calcium-induced keratinocyte differentiation model we investigated the interaction between epidermal differentiation and VZV infection. RNA-seq analysis showed that VZV infection has a profound effect on differentiating keratinocytes, altering the normal process of epidermal gene expression to generate a signature that resembles patterns of gene expression seen in both heritable and acquired skin-blistering disorders. Further investigation by real-time PCR, protein analysis and electron microscopy revealed that VZV specifically reduced expression of specific suprabasal cytokeratins and desmosomal proteins, leading to disruption of epidermal structure and function. These changes were accompanied by an upregulation of kallikreins and serine proteases. Taken together VZV infection promotes blistering and desquamation of the epidermis, both of which are necessary to the viral spread and pathogenesis. At the same time, analysis of the viral transcriptome provided evidence that VZV gene expression was significantly increased following calcium treatment of keratinocytes. Using reporter viruses and immunohistochemistry we confirmed that VZV gene and protein expression in skin is linked with cellular differentiation. These studies highlight the intimate host-pathogen interaction following VZV infection of skin and provide insight into the mechanisms by which VZV remodels the epidermal environment to promote its own replication and spread. PMID:24497829

Imaging sulfur mustard lesions in human epidermal tissues and keratinocytes by confocal and multiphoton microscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Werrlein, Robert; Madren-Whalley, Janna S.

2002-06-01

Topical exposure to sulfur mustard (HD), a known theat agent, produces persistent and debilitating cutaneous blisters. The blisters occur at the dermal-epidermal junction following a dose-dependent latent period of 8-24 h, however, the primary lesions causing vesication remain uncertain. Immunofluorescent images reveal that a 5-min exposure to 400 (mu) M HD disrupts molecules that are also disrupted by epidermolysis bullosa-type blistering diseases of the skin. Using keratinocyte cultures and fluorochomes conjugated to two different keratin-14 (K14) antibodies (clones CKB1 and LL002), results have shown a statistically significant (p<0.1) 1-h decrease of 29.2% in expression of the CKB1 epitope, a nearly complete loss of CKB1 expression within 2 h, and progressive cytoskeletal (K14) collapse without loss in expression of the LL002 epitope. With human epidermal tissues, multi-photon images of (alpha) 6 integrin and laminin 5 showed disruptive changes in the cell-surface organization and integrity of these adhesion molecules. At 1 H postexposure, analyses showed a statistically significant (p<0.1) decrease of 27.3% in (alpha) 6 integrin emissions, and a 32% decrease in laminin 5 volume. Multi-photon imaging indicates that molecules essential for epidermal-dermal attachment are early targets in the alkylating events leading to HD-induced vesication.

Structural Changes in the Vanadium Sample Surface Induced by Pulsed High-Temperature Deuterium Plasma and Deuterium Ion Fluxes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borovitskaya, I. V.; Pimenov, V. N.; Gribkov, V. A.; Padukh, M.; Bondarenko, G. G.; Gaidar, A. I.; Paramonova, V. V.; Morozov, E. V.

2017-11-01

The structural changes in the vanadium sample surface are studied as functions of the conditions of irradiation by pulsed high-temperature deuterium plasma and deuterium ion fluxes in the Plasma Focus installation. It is found that processes of partial evaporation, melting, and crystallization of the surface layer of vanadium samples take place in the plasma flux power density range q = 108-1010 W/cm2 and the ion flux density range q = 1010-1012 W/cm2. The surface relief is wavelike. There are microcracks, gas-filled bubbles (blisters), and traces of fracture on the surface. The blisters are failed in the solid state. The character of blister fracture is similar to that observed during usual ion irradiation in accelerators. The samples irradiated at relatively low power density ( q = 107-108 W/cm2) demonstrate the ejection of microparticles (surface fragments) on the side facing plasma. This process is assumed to be due to the fact that the unloading wave formed in the sample-target volume reaches its irradiated surface. Under certain irradiation conditions (sample-anode distance, the number of plasma pulses), a block microstructure with block sizes of several tens of microns forms on the sample surfaces. This structure is likely to form via directional crack propagation upon cooling of a thin melted surface layer.

Effects of exotic species on Yellowstone's grizzly bears

USGS Publications Warehouse

Reinhart, Daniel P.; Haroldson, Mark A.; Mattson, D.J.; Gunther, Kerry A.

2001-01-01

Humans have affected grizzly bears (Ursus arctos horribilis) by direct mortality, competition for space and resources, and introduction of exotic species. Exotic organisms that have affected grizzly bears in the Greater Yellowstone Area include common dandelion (Taraxacum officinale), nonnative clovers (Trifolium spp.), domesticated livestock, bovine brucellosis (Brucella abortus), lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush), and white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Some bears consume substantial amounts of dandelion and clover. However, these exotic foods provide little digested energy compared to higher-quality bear foods. Domestic livestock are of greater energetic value, but use of this food by bears often leads to conflicts with humans and subsequent increases in bear mortality. Lake trout, blister rust, and brucellosis diminish grizzly bears foods. Lake trout prey on native cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) in Yellowstone Lake; white pine blister rust has the potential to destroy native whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) stands; and management response to bovine brucellosis, a disease found in the Yellowstone bison (Bison bison) and elk (Cervus elaphus), could reduce populations of these 2 species. Exotic species will likely cause more harm than good for Yellowstone grizzly bears. Managers have few options to mitigate or contain the impacts of exotics on Yellowstone's grizzly bears. Moreover, their potential negative impacts have only begun to unfold. Exotic species may lead to the loss of substantial highquality grizzly bear foods, including much of the bison, trout, and pine seeds that Yellowstone grizzly bears currently depend upon.

Gefitinib

MedlinePlus

... of medications called kinase inhibitors. It works by blocking the action of a certain naturally occurring substance ... blisters or peeling skin swelling of the eyes, face, lips, tongue, throat, hands, arms, feet, ankles or ...

Rashes

MedlinePlus

... rash is an area of irritated or swollen skin. Many rashes are itchy, red, painful, and irritated. ... also lead to blisters or patches of raw skin. Rashes are a symptom of many different medical ...

Pemphigus

MedlinePlus

... risk for pemphigus. Pemphigoid is also an autoimmune skin disease. It leads to deep blisters that do not break easily. Pemphigoid is most common in older adults and may be fatal for older, sick patients. ...

Jellyfish stings

MedlinePlus

... include: Lion's mane ( Cyanea capillata ). Portuguese man-of-war ( Physalia physalis in the Atlantic and Physalia utriculus ... Skin burning and blistering (severe) PORTUGUESE MAN-OF-WAR Abdominal pain Changes in pulse Chest pain Chills ...

Anthrax: Symptoms

MedlinePlus

... and cause severe illness and even death. Cutaneous anthrax symptoms can include: A group of small blisters ... on the face, neck, arms, or hands Inhalation anthrax symptoms can include: Fever and chills Chest Discomfort ...

A Case of Ruptured Blood Blister-like Aneurysm Treated with Pipeline Embolization Device: Clinical Significance of Fetal-type Posterior Communicating Artery.

PubMed

Park, Ki-Su; Kang, Dong-Hun; Son, Won-Soo; Park, Jaechan; Kim, Young-Sun; Kim, Byung Moon

2017-03-01

Blood-blister like aneurysms (BBAs) are challenging lesions because of their wide fragile neck. Flow-diverting stents (FDSs), such as the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED), have been applied to treat BBAs less amenable to more established techniques of treatment. However, the use of FDSs, including the PED, in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) still remains controversial. We report a case of aneurysm regrowth following PED application for a ruptured BBA that overlapped the origin of the dominant posterior communicating artery (PCoA), which was successfully treated after coil trapping of the origin of the fetal-type PCoA. And, we discuss the clinical significance of the fetal-type PCoA communicating with a BBA in terms of PED failure.

Emergency management of chemical weapons injuries.

PubMed

Anderson, Peter D

2012-02-01

The potential for chemical weapons to be used in terrorism is a real possibility. Classes of chemical weapons include nerve agents, vesicants (blister agents), choking agents, incapacitating agents, riot control agents, blood agents, and toxic industrial chemicals. The nerve agents work by blocking the actions of acetylcholinesterase leading to a cholinergic syndrome. Nerve agents include sarin, tabun, VX, cyclosarin, and soman. The vesicants include sulfur mustard and lewisite. The vesicants produce blisters and also damage the upper airways. Choking agents include phosgene and chlorine gas. Choking agents cause pulmonary edema. Incapacitating agents include fentanyl and its derivatives and adamsite. Riot control agents include Mace and pepper spray. Blood agents include cyanide. The mechanism of toxicity for cyanide is blocking oxidative phosphorylation. Toxic industrial chemicals include agents such as formaldehyde, hydrofluoric acid, and ammonia.

Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquisita: Autoimmunity to Anchoring Fibril Collagen

PubMed Central

Chen, Mei; Kim, Gene H.; Prakash, Lori; Woodley, David T.

2012-01-01

Epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA) is a rare and acquired autoimmune subepidermal bullous disease of the skin and mucosa. EBA includes various distinct clinical manifestations resembling Bullous Pemphigus, Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid, or cicatricial pemphigoid. These patients have autoantibodies against type VII collagen, an integral component of anchoring fibrils, which are responsible for attaching the dermis to the epidermis. Destruction or perturbation of the normally functioning anchoring fibrils clinically results in skin fragility, blisters, erosions, scars, milia and nail loss, all features reminiscent of genetic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. These anti-type VII collagen antibodies are “pathogenic” because when injected into a mouse, the mouse develops an EBA-like blistering disease. Currently treatment is often unsatisfactory, however some success has been achieved with colchichine, dapsone, photopheresis, plasmaphresis, infliximab, rituximab and IVIG. PMID:21955050

A Case of Ruptured Blood Blister-like Aneurysm Treated with Pipeline Embolization Device: Clinical Significance of Fetal-type Posterior Communicating Artery

PubMed Central

Park, Ki-Su; Son, Won-Soo; Park, Jaechan; Kim, Young-Sun; Kim, Byung Moon

2017-01-01

Blood-blister like aneurysms (BBAs) are challenging lesions because of their wide fragile neck. Flow-diverting stents (FDSs), such as the Pipeline Embolization Device (PED), have been applied to treat BBAs less amenable to more established techniques of treatment. However, the use of FDSs, including the PED, in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) still remains controversial. We report a case of aneurysm regrowth following PED application for a ruptured BBA that overlapped the origin of the dominant posterior communicating artery (PCoA), which was successfully treated after coil trapping of the origin of the fetal-type PCoA. And, we discuss the clinical significance of the fetal-type PCoA communicating with a BBA in terms of PED failure. PMID:28316868

Poison Ivy Dermatitis

MedlinePlus

... rashes need treatment to ease the misery and disability they cause. The very first time this rash ... the compresses and apply only the cream. Cream applied before the blisters and swelling go down are ...

Stevens-Johnson Syndrome

MedlinePlus

... after blisters form If you have Stevens-Johnson syndrome, several days before the rash develops you may experience: Fever Sore mouth and throat Fatigue Cough Burning eyes When to see a doctor Stevens-Johnson ...

Hydrofluoric acid poisoning

MedlinePlus

... your skin or eyes, you may have: Blisters Burns Pain Vision loss Hydrofluoric acid poisoning can have ... urine tests Camera down the throat to see burns in the esophagus and the stomach (endoscopy) Fluids ...

Babies and heat rashes

MedlinePlus

... occurs in babies when the pores of the sweat glands become blocked. This happens most often when ... weather is hot or humid. As your infant sweats, little red bumps, and possibly tiny blisters, form ...

7 CFR 51.1323 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... under the definition of russeting. (7) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three healed codling moth... insect stings affecting the appearance to an equal extent. 2 (ii) Blister mite or canker worm injury...

Protecting Yourself from Sun Exposure

MedlinePlus

... of a topical moisturizing cream, aloe, or 1% hydrocortisone cream may provide additional relief. If blistering occurs: ■■ ... may be removed and an antiseptic ointment or hydrocortisone cream may be applied. Seek medical attention if ...

Coping with Cold Sores

MedlinePlus

... Staying Safe Videos for Educators Search English Español Cold Sores KidsHealth / For Kids / Cold Sores What's in ... sore." What's that? Adam wondered. What Is a Cold Sore? Cold sores are small blisters that is ...

Hybrids of sugar pine by embryo culture

Treesearch

E. C. Stone; J. W. Duffield

1950-01-01

A modified embryo culture technique was used to facilitate germination of seed obtained after pollinating sugar pine with pollen from blister rust- resistant Armand and Korean pines. Resulting seedlings appear to be hybrids.

Heritable Disorders of Connective Tissue

MedlinePlus

... skin. Epidermolysis bullosa affects the skin, causing blisters. Marfan syndrome can affect the heart, blood vessels, lungs, eyes, ... Disorders of Connective Tissue, Questions and Answers about Marfan Syndrome, Questions and Answers about Marfan Syndrome, Easy-to- ...

Spider Bites (For Parents)

MedlinePlus

... Videos for Educators Search English Español First Aid: Spider Bites KidsHealth / For Parents / First Aid: Spider Bites ... rare. Signs and Symptoms Of a brown recluse spider bite: red blister in the center with surrounding ...

Poison Ivy, Oak, and Sumac

MedlinePlus

... on your skin, it causes a blistering skin rash. The rash can range from mild to severe, depending on ... respiratory system. The best way to avoid the rash is to learn what the plants look like ...

Porphyrin Test: MedlinePlus Lab Test Information

MedlinePlus

... cause skin symptoms when you are exposed to sunlight Some porphyrias affect both the nervous system and ... Hallucinations Symptoms of cutaneous porphyria include: Oversensitivity to sunlight Blisters on skin exposed to sunlight Redness and ...

21 CFR 1314.110 - Reports for mail-order sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... Administration, submit the report in electronic form, either via computer disk or direct electronic data... units (e.g., 100 doses per package); (11) Package type (blister pack, etc.); (12) Number of packages...

21 CFR 1314.110 - Reports for mail-order sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Administration, submit the report in electronic form, either via computer disk or direct electronic data... units (e.g., 100 doses per package); (11) Package type (blister pack, etc.); (12) Number of packages...

21 CFR 1314.110 - Reports for mail-order sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Administration, submit the report in electronic form, either via computer disk or direct electronic data... units (e.g., 100 doses per package); (11) Package type (blister pack, etc.); (12) Number of packages...

21 CFR 1314.110 - Reports for mail-order sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Administration, submit the report in electronic form, either via computer disk or direct electronic data... units (e.g., 100 doses per package); (11) Package type (blister pack, etc.); (12) Number of packages...

21 CFR 1314.110 - Reports for mail-order sales.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Administration, submit the report in electronic form, either via computer disk or direct electronic data... units (e.g., 100 doses per package); (11) Package type (blister pack, etc.); (12) Number of packages...

Impetigo: Tips for Treatment and Prevention

MedlinePlus

... caused by one of two bacteria: group A streptococcus, which is the bacteria also responsible for strep throat, or staphylococcus. If impetigo is caused by streptococcus it will begin with tiny blisters that eventually ...

Development of beryllium-based neutron target system with three-layer structure for accelerator-based neutron source for boron neutron capture therapy.

PubMed

Kumada, Hiroaki; Kurihara, Toshikazu; Yoshioka, Masakazu; Kobayashi, Hitoshi; Matsumoto, Hiroshi; Sugano, Tomei; Sakurai, Hideyuki; Sakae, Takeji; Matsumura, Akira

2015-12-01

The iBNCT project team with University of Tsukuba is developing an accelerator-based neutron source. Regarding neutron target material, our project has applied beryllium. To deal with large heat load and blistering of the target system, we developed a three-layer structure for the target system that includes a blistering mitigation material between the beryllium used as the neutron generator and the copper heat sink. The three materials were bonded through diffusion bonding using a hot isostatic pressing method. Based on several verifications, our project chose palladium as the intermediate layer. A prototype of the neutron target system was produced. We will verify that sufficient neutrons for BNCT treatment are generated by the device in the near future. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Tensin stabilizes integrin adhesive contacts in Drosophila.

PubMed

Torgler, Catherine N; Narasimha, Maithreyi; Knox, Andrea L; Zervas, Christos G; Vernon, Matthew C; Brown, Nicholas H

2004-03-01

We report the functional characterization of the Drosophila ortholog of tensin, a protein implicated in linking integrins to the cytoskeleton and signaling pathways. A tensin null was generated and is viable with wing blisters, a phenotype characteristic of loss of integrin adhesion. In tensin mutants, mechanical abrasion is required during wing expansion to cause wing blisters, suggesting that tensin strengthens integrin adhesion. The localization of tensin requires integrins, talin, and integrin-linked kinase. The N-terminal domain and C-terminal PTB domain of tensin provide essential recruitment signals. The intervening SH2 domain is not localized on its own. We suggest a model where tensin is recruited to sites of integrin adhesion via its PTB and N-terminal domains, localizing the SH2 domain so that it can interact with phosphotyrosine-containing proteins, which stabilize the integrin link to the cytoskeleton.

Kindler syndrome: report of three cases in a family and a brief review.

PubMed

Yazdanfar, Ameneh; Hashemi, Banafsheh

2009-02-01

Kindler syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder with neonatal blister formation, photosensitivity, atrophy, abnormal pigmentation, and fragility of the skin. Skin atrophy is more prominent on the extremities and the skin manifestations improve with age. We report three cases in a family which present the clinical and pathologic manifestations of Kindler syndrome. All of the three cases reported here present skin changes on the extremities, face, and neck, including hyper- and hypopigmentation, atrophy, and telangiectasia. The condition in these cases started soon after birth. Two of these cases also had mucosal involvement. Increased photosensitivity and sunburn after minimal sun exposure should lead physicians to examine the skin for poikiloderma and the mouth for fragility of the gums, periodontitis and other associated findings. Also, patients should be questioned about any history of blister formation as well as family history.

Workshop proceedings: research and management in whitebark pine ecosystems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kendall, Katherine C.; Coen, Brenda

1994-01-01

The purpose of this workshop is to exchange information on on-going and soon-to-be-initiated whitebark pine research and management projects. By doing so we hope to encourage future work on this valuable species. We also hope to promote the use of consistent methods for evaluation and investigation of whitebark pine, and to provide avenues of collaboration. Speakers will present information on a variety of topics related to whitebark pine management and research. Featured presentation topics include anthropomorphic utilization of whitepark pine forests, whitebark pine natural regeneration, blister rust and the decline of whitebark pine, blister rust resistance studies, ecological mapping of the species, restoration and management projects, and survey/monitoring techniques. Information gained from these presentations may hopefully be used in the planning of future projects for the conservation of whitebark pine.

Comparison of cotton and acrylic socks using a generic cushion sole design for runners.

PubMed

Herring, K M; Richie, D H

1993-09-01

A longitudinal single-blind study was conducted to test the friction blister prevention properties of synthetic acrylic socks in a generic construction. This study serves as a comparison with the authors' previous work comparing acrylic and cotton socks in a patented padded construction. Twenty-seven long-distance runners provided data regarding dampness, temperature, friction blister incidence, severity, and size. Two different socks were tested; each was identical in every aspect of construction except the fiber content. One test sock was composed of 100% synthetic acrylic fibers, and the other was composed of 100% natural cotton fibers. These results were unsuccessful at demonstrating any superiority of cotton or acrylic fibers when knitting produced a generic "cushion sole" sock. The superiority of acrylic fibers has thus far been demonstrated only when sock knitting provides adequate anatomical padding [corrected].

GM-CSF modulates autoantibody production and skin blistering in experimental epidermolysis bullosa acquisita.

PubMed

Samavedam, Unni Krishna S R L; Iwata, Hiroaki; Müller, Susen; Schulze, Franziska S; Recke, Andreas; Schmidt, Enno; Zillikens, Detlef; Ludwig, Ralf J

2014-01-15

GM-CSF activates hematopoietic cells and recruits neutrophils and macrophages to sites of inflammation. Inhibition of GM-CSF attenuates disease activity in models of chronic inflammatory disease. Effects of GM-CSF blockade were linked to modulation of the effector phase, whereas effects on early pathogenic events, for example, Ab production, have not been identified. To evaluate yet uncharacterized effects of GM-CSF on early pathogenic events in chronic inflammation, we employed immunization-induced epidermolysis bullosa acquisita (EBA), an autoimmune bullous disease caused by autoantibodies to type VII collagen. Compared to wild-type mice, upon immunization, GM-CSF(-/-) mice produced lower serum autoantibody titers, which were associated with reduced neutrophil numbers in draining lymph nodes. The same effect was observed in neutrophil-depleted wild-type mice. Neutrophil depletion in GM-CSF(-/-) mice led to a stronger inhibition, indicating that GM-CSF and neutrophils have additive functions. To characterize the contribution of GM-CSF specifically in the effector phase of EBA, disease was induced by transfer of anti-type VII collagen IgG into mice. We observed an increased GM-CSF expression, and GM-CSF blockade reduced skin blistering. Additionally, GM-CSF enhanced reactive oxygen species release and neutrophil migration in vitro. In immunization-induced murine EBA, treatment with anti-GM-CSF had a beneficial effect on established disease. We demonstrate that GM-CSF modulates both autoantibody production and skin blistering in a prototypical organ-specific autoimmune disease.

Impact on the deuterium retention of simultaneous exposure of tungsten to a steady state plasma and transient heat cycling loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huber, A.; Sergienko, G.; Wirtz, M.; Steudel, I.; Arakcheev, A.; Brezinsek, S.; Burdakov, A.; Dittmar, T.; Esser, H. G.; Kreter, A.; Linke, J.; Linsmeier, Ch; Mertens, Ph; Möller, S.; Philipps, V.; Pintsuk, G.; Reinhart, M.; Schweer, B.; Shoshin, A.; Terra, A.; Unterberg, B.

2016-02-01

The impact on the deuterium retention of simultaneous exposure of tungsten to a steady-state plasma and transient cyclic heat loads has been studied in the linear PSI-2 facility with the main objective of qualifying tungsten (W) as plasma-facing material. The transient heat loads were applied by a high-energy laser, a Nd:YAG laser (λ = 1064 nm) with an energy per pulse of up to 32 J and a duration of 1 ms. A pronounced increase in the D retention by a factor of 13 has been observed during the simultaneous transient heat loads and plasma exposure. These data indicate that the hydrogen clustering is enhanced by the thermal shock exposures, as seen on the increased blister size due to mobilization and thermal production of defects during transients. In addition, the significant increase of the D retention during the simultaneous loads could be explained by an increased diffusion of D atoms into the W material due to strong temperature gradients during the laser pulse exposure and to an increased mobility of D atoms along the shock-induced cracks. Only 24% of the retained deuterium is located inside the near-surface layer (d<4 μm). Enhanced blister formation has been observed under combined loading conditions at power densities close to the threshold for damaging. Blisters are not mainly responsible for the pronounced increase of the D retention.

Males of a Strongly Polygynous Species Consume More Poisonous Food than Females

PubMed Central

Bravo, Carolina; Bautista, Luis Miguel; García-París, Mario; Blanco, Guillermo; Alonso, Juan Carlos

2014-01-01

We present evidence of a possible case of self-medication in a lekking bird, the great bustard Otis tarda. Great bustards consumed blister beetles (Meloidae), in spite of the fact that they contain cantharidin, a highly toxic compound that is lethal in moderate doses. In addition to anthelminthic properties, cantharidin was effective against gastrointestinal bacteria that cause sexually-transmitted diseases. Although both sexes consumed blister beetles during the mating season, only males selected them among all available insects, and ingested more and larger beetles than females. The male-biased consumption suggests that males could use cantharidin to reduce their parasite load and increase their sexual attractiveness. This plausibly explains the intense cloaca display males perform to approaching females, and the meticulous inspection females conduct of the male's cloaca, a behaviour only observed in this and another similar species of the bustard family. A white, clean cloaca with no infection symptoms (e.g., diarrhoea) is an honest signal of both, resistance to cantharidin and absence of parasites, and represents a reliable indicator of the male quality to the extremely choosy females. Our results do not definitely prove, but certainly strongly suggest that cantharidin, obtained by consumption of blister beetles, acts in great bustards as an oral anti-microbial and pathogen-limiting compound, and that males ingest these poisonous insects to increase their mating success, pointing out that self-medication might have been overlooked as a sexually-selected mechanism enhancing male fitness. PMID:25337911

Interleukin-16 expression and release in bullous pemphigoid

PubMed Central

FREZZOLINI, A; CIANCHINI, G; RUFFELLI, M; CADONI, S; PUDDU, P; DE PITÀ, O

2004-01-01

Cutaneous infiltration of activated CD4+ T cells and eosinophils is an early event in blister formation during bullous pemphigoid (BP), suggesting that the trafficking of circulating leucocytes through the sites of inflammation, their activation and cytokine release is crucial in the pathogenesis of the disease. IL-16 is a major chemotactic factor able to recruit CD4+ cells in the skin during inflammation and to induce the expression of functional high-affinity interleukin (IL)-2 receptors, thus contributing to cellular activation and proliferation. We performed a study in order to evaluate the presence of IL-16 in skin samples and sera and blister fluids of patients affected with BP in active phase of the disease (n = 39), compared with healthy donors studied as control group. Ten patients were also evaluated before and after steroid therapy. Our results demonstrated that IL-16 was expressed strongly by keratinocytes and by dermal infiltrating CD4+ T lymphocytes in lesional skin of BP patients. High levels of IL-16 were detected in sera and blisters of BP, significantly higher in respect to healthy donors. When patients were investigated for the presence of eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) and soluble CD30 (sCD30) to reveal signs of eosinophils and Th2-cells activation, we found a positive correlation between IL-16 serum levels and both ECP and sCD30, suggesting that IL-16 is involved in Th2 lymphocytes and eosinophils recruitment during BP. PMID:15320912

Contact Lenses Wettability In Vitro: Effect of Surface-Active Ingredients

PubMed Central

Lin, Meng C.; Svitova, Tatyana F.

2010-01-01

Purpose To investigate the release of surface-active agents (surfactants) from unworn soft contact lenses and their influence on the lens surface wettability in vitro. Methods Surface tension (ST) of blister pack solutions was measured by pendant-drop technique. STs at the air-aqueous interface and contact angles (CAs) of four conventional and seven silicone hydrogel (SiH) soft contact lenses (SCLs) were evaluated in a dynamic-cycling regime using a modified captive-bubble tensiometer-goniometer. Measurements were performed immediately after removal from blister packs, and after soaking in a glass vial filled with a surfactant-free solution, which was replaced daily for one week. Lens surface wettability was expressed as adhesion energy (AE) according to Young’s equation. Results STs of all blister pack solutions were lower than the reference ST of pure water (72.5 mN/m), indicating the presence of surfactants. When lenses were depleted of surfactants by soaking, the STs of all studied lenses and advancing CAs of selected lenses increased (p < 0.001). Receding CAs of all studied lenses were 12° ± 5° and were not affected by the presence of surfactants. For most of the conventional lenses, the surface wettability was largely dependent on surfactants, and reduced significantly after surfactant depletion. In contrast, most SiH lenses exhibited stable and self-sustained surface wettability in vitro. Conclusions The manufacturer-added surfactants affected wetting properties of all studied SCLs, although to different degrees. PMID:20400924

Packaging of pharmaceuticals: still too many dangers but several encouraging initiatives.

PubMed

2007-06-01

(1) In 2006 in France, several drugs sold in poorly designed packaging exposed patients to a risk of serious adverse effects. (2) In 2006, Prescrire used a standardised methodology to examine the packaging of all new pharmaceutical products (656 different boxes) assessed in the New Products section of our French edition, la revue Prescrire. About 75% of these boxes contained tablets or capsules, mostly in blister packs. (3) Poor labelling remains a major problem. The international nonproprietary names (INN) is hard to spot on most boxes of patented brand-name drugs and is often overshadowed by the brand name. The primary packaging of many products does not even include the INN. (4) Two particularly ambiguous types of labelling are becoming more common on blister packs: pre-cut multiple-unit blister packs on which the labelling is truncated when a unit blister is removed; and blister packs on which the labelling spans two blisters, creating a risk of overdose. (5) The use of colours is frequently inappropriate. In particular, irrelevant information is often highlighted unnecessarily, while other, important information is barely visible. (6) Too many devices for oral administration create a risk of misuse. Very few are graduated in units of weight. Most are graduated in millilitres, obliging caregivers to use conversion charts and thus creating a risk of dosing errors. Devices graduated in kg bodyweight can also lead to dosing errors. (7) The labelling of some injectable drugs is barely legible. The various models of plastic ampoules, that are gradually replacing glass ampoules, can represent a danger because they resemble other plastic ampoules containing products administered by different routes. Packaging that does not provide a syringe or needle can cause problems for caregivers and represents another potential source of error. (8) Many of the patient information leaflets examined in 2006 had the same flaws as previously observed, i.e. uneven information quality, discrepancies between different sections, and out-of-date information. More and more French leaflets now include insets offering "Health Advice". There are better and worse examples, but there is no guarantee that they have been properly reviewed by the regulatory agency. (9) Increasingly drug boxes include pictograms, even though several studies have shown they are often difficult to interpret. And most boxes of generics also now include standard dosing schedules that are not always appropriate and may create a risk of dosing errors with potentially serious consequences. (10) 67 multidose bottles examined in 2006 had no childproof safety cap. Some contained psychotropics, which can have life-threatening effects if accidentally consumed in large amounts. (11) Some manufacturers have adopted realistic solutions to these problems. In particular, generics manufacturers again improved product labelling in 2006 (emphasis on the INN), appropriate use of colours for dose differentiation, and, encouragingly, far more Braille labels. (12) In 2006, the French regulatory agency introduced several measures aimed at improving the labelling of ampoules containing some injectable drugs. The impact of these measures was visible on several products marketed in 2006, including plastic vials of solutions for nebulization. (13) Several other examples of well-designed packaging were seen: safety devices on prefilled syringes; a childproof safety device; a tamperproof ring; unit-dose blister packs; clearly written patient leaflets; and the use of clear and appropriate symbols and pictograms. (14) In practice, in view of the large number of incidents recorded in 2006, and the plethora of packaging designs, caregivers should take time to analyse and discuss drug packaging. In this way, they will be in a position to distinguish between good and bad drug packaging, and to anticipate the risks associated with poorly designed packaging. (15) There are many ways in which drug regulatory authorities can help to ensure that drugs are sold in safe packaging. The French regulatory agency's work on the labelling of injectable drugs is an encouraging step. European Directive 2004/27/EC on medicines for human use provides for improvements in labelling (e.g. Braille) and patient information leaflets. Transposition of these measures into French law should lead to a number of improvements, provided the relevant regulations and guidelines place patients' interests first.

Status of whitebarkpine in the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: A step-trend analysis comparing 2004-2007 to 2008-2011

USGS Publications Warehouse

Shanahan, Erin; Irvine, Kathryn M.; Roberts, Dave; Litt, Andrea R.; Legg, Kristin; Daley, Rob; Chambers, Nina

2014-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a foundation and keystone species in upper subalpine environments of the northern Rocky Mountains that strongly influences the biodiversity and productivity of high-elevation ecosystems (Tomback et al. 2001, Ellison et al. 2005). Throughout its historic range, whitebark pine has decreased significantly as a major component of high-elevation forests. As a result, it is critical to understand the challenges to whitebark pine—not only at the tree and stand level, but also as these factors influence the distribution of whitebark pine across the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). In 2003, the National Park Service (NPS) Greater Yellowstone Inventory & Monitoring Network identified whitebark pine as one of twelve significant natural resource indicators or vital signs to monitor (Jean et al. 2005, Fancy et al. 2009) and initiated a long-term, collaborative monitoring program. Partners in this effort include the U.S. Geological Survey, U.S. Forest Service, and Montana State University with representatives from each comprising the Greater Yellowstone Whitebark Pine Monitoring Working Group. The objectives of the monitoring program are to assess trends in (1) the proportion of live, whitebark pine trees (>1.4-m tall) infected with white pine blister rust (blister rust); (2) to document blister rust infection severity by the occurrence and location of persisting and new infections; (3) to determine mortality of whitebark pine trees and describe potential factors contributing to the death of trees; and (4) to assess the multiple components of the recruitment of understory whitebark pine into the reproductive population. In this report we summarize the past eight years (2004-2011) of whitebark pine status and trend monitoring in the GYE. Our study area encompasses six national forests (NF), two national parks (NP), as well as state and private lands in portions of Wyoming, Montana, and Idaho; this area is collectively described as the GYE here and in other studies. The sampling design is a probabilistic, twostage cluster design with stands of whitebark pine as the primary units and 10x50 m belt transects as the secondary units. Primary sampling units (stands) were selected randomly from a sample frame of approximately 10,770 mapped pure and mixed whitebark pine stands ≥2.0 hectares in the GYE (Dixon 1997, Landenburger 2012). From 2004 through 2007 (monitoring transect establishment or initial time-step), we established 176 permanent belt transects (secondary sampling units=176) in 150 whitebark pine stands and permanently marked approximately 4,740 individual trees >1.4 m tall to monitor long-term changes in blister rust infection and survival rates. Between 2008 and 2011 (revisit time-step), these same 176 transects were surveyed and again all previously tagged trees were observed for changes in blister rust infection and survival status. Objective 1. Using a combined ratio estimator, we estimated the proportion of live trees infected in the GYE in the initial time-step (2004-2007) to be 0.22 (0.031 SE). Following the completion of all surveys in the revisit time-step (2008-2011), we estimated the proportion of live trees infected with white pine blister rust as 0.23 (0.028 SE; Table 2). We detected no significant change in the proportion of trees infected in the GYE between the two time-steps. Objective 2. We documented blister rust canker locations as occurring in the canopy or bole. We compared changes in canker position between the initial time-step (2004-2007) and the revisit time-step (2008-2011) in order to assess changes in infection severity. This analysis included the 3,795 trees tagged during the initial time-step that were located and documented as alive at the end of the revisit time-step. At the end of the revisit time-step, we found 1,217 trees infected with blister rust. This includes the 287 newly tagged trees in the revisit time step of which 14 had documented infections. Of these 1,217 trees, 780 trees were infected with blister rust in both time steps. Trees with only canopy cankers made up approximately 43% (519 trees) of the total number of trees infected with blister rust at the end of the revisit time-step, while trees with only bole cankers comprised 20% (252 trees), and those with both canopy and bole cankers included 37% (446 trees) of the infected sample. A bole infection is considered to be more consequential than a canopy canker, as it compromises not only the overall longevity of the tree, but its functional capacity for reproductive output as well (Kendall and Arno 1990, Campbell and Antos 2000, McDonald and Hoff 2001, Schwandt and Kegley 2004). In addition to infection location, we also documented infection transition between the canopy and bole. Of the 780 live trees that were infected with blister rust in both time-steps, approximately 31% (242) maintained canopy cankers and 36% (281) retained bole infections at the end of the revisit time-step. Infection transition from canopy to bole occurred in 30% (234) of the revisit time-step trees while 3% (23) transitioned from bole to canopy infections during this period. Objective 3. To determine whitebark pine mortality, we resurveyed all belt transects to reassess the life status of permanently tagged trees >1.4 m tall. We compared the total number of live tagged trees recorded during monitoring transect establishment to the total number of resurveyed dead tagged trees recorded during the revisit time-step and identified all potential mortality-influencing conditions (blister rust, mountain pine beetle, fire and other). By the end of the revisit time-step, we observed a total of 975 dead tagged whitebark pine trees; using a ratio estimator, this represents a loss of approximately 20% (SE=4.35%) of the original live tagged tree population (GYWPMWG 2012). Objective 4. To investigate the proportion of live, reproducing tagged trees, we divided the total number of positively identified cone-bearing trees by the total number of live trees in the tagged tree sample at the end of the revisit time-step. To approximate the average density of recruitment trees per stand, trees ≤1.4 m tall were summed by stand (within the 500 m² transect area) and divided by the total number of stands. Reproducing trees made up approximately 24% (996 trees) of the total live tagged population at the end of the revisit time-step. Differentiating between whitebark pine and limber pine seedlings or saplings is problematic given the absence of cones or cone scars. Therefore, understory summaries as presented in this report may include individuals of both species when they are sympatric in a stand. The average density of small trees ≤1.4 m tall was 53 understory trees per 500 m². Raw counts of these understory individuals ranged from 0-635 small trees per belt transect. In addition, a total of 287 trees were added to the tagged tree population by the end of 2011. These newly tagged trees were individuals that upon subsequent revisits had reached a height of >1.4 m tall and subsequently added to the sample. Throughout the past decade in the GYE, monitoring has helped document shifts in whitebark pine forests; whitebark pine stands have been impacted by insect, pathogen, wildland fire, and other disturbance events. Blister rust infection is ubiquitous throughout the ecosystem and infection proportions are variable across the region. And while we have documented mortality of whitebark pine, we have also recorded considerable recruitment. We provide this first step-trend report as a quantifiable baseline for understanding the state of whitebark pine in the GYE. Many aspects of whitebark pine health are highly variable across the range of its distribution in the GYE. Through sustained implementation of the monitoring program, we will continue efforts to document and quantify whitebark pine forest dynamics as they arise under periodic upsurges in insect, pathogen, fire episodes, and climatic events in the GYE. Since its inception, this monitoring program perseveres as one of the only sustained longterm efforts conducted in the GYE with a singular purpose to track the health and status of this prominent keystone species.

Mouth ulcers

MedlinePlus

... Gingivostomatitis Herpes simplex ( fever blister ) Leukoplakia Oral cancer Oral lichen planus Oral thrush A skin sore caused by histoplasmosis may ... mouth Images Oral thrush Canker sore (aphthous ulcer) Lichen planus on the oral mucosa Mouth sores References Daniels TE, Jordan RC. ...

Malignant Melanoma of the Foot

MedlinePlus

... at greater risk for developing this type of cancer. These include: Fair skin; skin that freckles; blond or red hair Blistering sunburns before the age of 18 Numerous moles, especially if they appeared at a young age ...

How To Prevent and Treat Blisters

MedlinePlus

... Us Media contacts Advertising contacts AAD logo Advertising, marketing and sponsorships Legal notice Copyright © 2018 American Academy ... prohibited without prior written permission. AAD logo Advertising, marketing and sponsorships Legal notice Copyright © 2017 American Academy ...

7 CFR 51.1280 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

.... (5) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three healed codling moth stings, of which not more than two... appearance to an equal extent. 2 (ii) Blister mite or canker worm injury which affects an aggregate area of...

Warts

MedlinePlus

... form over warts on your foot or around nails. Your provider may recommend the following treatments if your warts do not go away: Stronger (prescription) medicines A blistering solution Freezing the wart ( cryotherapy ) to remove it Burning the wart ( electrocautery ) to ...

40 CFR 264.226 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be... dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32357...

40 CFR 264.226 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be... dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32357...

40 CFR 264.226 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be... dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32357...

40 CFR 264.226 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be... dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32357...

40 CFR 264.226 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... absence of tears, punctures, or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be... dimensions, and level that avoids backup into the drainage layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32357...

Diabetic Complications and Amputation Prevention

MedlinePlus

... because of two complications of diabetes: nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor circulation. Neuropathy causes loss of feeling in your feet, taking ... to the bone. Because of poor circulation and neuropathy in the feet, cuts or blisters can easily ...

Latex Allergy

MedlinePlus

... the material touches the skin. This is called contact dermatitis. Red, itchy bumps or blisters usually appear within ... powdered gloves are used and avoid all direct contact with latex. ... to get a skin rash reaction to latex, latex gloves made without additional ...

34. VIEW OF SUBMARINE ESCAPE TRAINING TANK PRIOR TO ADDITION ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

34. VIEW OF SUBMARINE ESCAPE TRAINING TANK PRIOR TO ADDITION OF BLISTERS IN 1959, LOOKING SOUTHEAST - U.S. Naval Submarine Base, New London Submarine Escape Training Tank, Albacore & Darter Roads, Groton, New London County, CT

An improved technique for the use of zinc-rich coatings

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Paton, W. J.

1973-01-01

Blistering and peeling of topcoats used over ethyl silicate, inorganic, zinc-rich protective coatings are virtually eliminated when primer is allowed to cure outdoors for extended period of time and is moistened during process.

37. Photo copy of map, (original in Forest Service Office, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. Photo copy of map, (original in Forest Service Office, Elkins, WV, 'Blister Rust Survey Map), 1930. PARSONS NURSERY SITE PLAN - Parsons Nursery, South side of U.S. Route 219, Parsons, Tucker County, WV

40 CFR 264.303 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections... layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32365, July 26, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 28748, July 15...

40 CFR 264.303 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections... layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32365, July 26, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 28748, July 15...

40 CFR 264.303 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

..., or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections... layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32365, July 26, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 28748, July 15...

40 CFR 264.303 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections... layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32365, July 26, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 28748, July 15...

40 CFR 264.303 - Monitoring and inspection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

..., or blisters; and (2) Soil-based and admixed liners and covers must be inspected for imperfections... layer and minimizes head in the sump. [47 FR 32365, July 26, 1982, as amended at 50 FR 28748, July 15...

Bending Properties of Nickel Electrodes for Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lerch, Brad A.; Wilson, Richard M.; Keller, Dennis; Corner, Ralph

1995-01-01

Recent changes in manufacturing have resulted in nickel-hydrogen batteries that fail prematurely by electrical shorting, This failure is believed to be a result of a blistering problem in the nickel electrodes. In this study the bending properties of nickel electrodes are investigated in an attempt to correlate the bending properties of the electrode with its propensity to blister. Nickel electrodes from three different batches of material were tested in both the as-received and impregnated forms. The effects of specimen curvature and position within the electrode on the bending strength were studied, and within-electrode and batch-to-batch variations were addressed. Two color-imaging techniques were employed to differentiate between the phases within the electrodes. These techniques aided in distinguishing the relative amounts of nickel hyroxide surface loading on each electrode, thereby relating surface loading to bend strength. Bend strength was found to increase with the amount of surface loading.

Initial subjective load carriage injury data collected with interviews and questionnaires.

PubMed

Birrell, Stewart A; Hooper, Robin H

2007-03-01

This study aimed to identify the types, incidence, and causes of any potential load carriage injuries or discomfort as a result of a 2-hour, forced-speed, treadmill march carrying 20 kg. Subjective load carriage data were collected, through both interviews and questionnaires, from relatively inexperienced soldiers after a period of load carriage. Results from the study showed that the upper limb is very susceptible to short-term discomfort, whereas the lower limb is not. The shoulders were rated significantly more uncomfortable then any other region, and blisters were experienced by approximately 60% of participants. Shoulder discomfort commences almost as soon as the load is added and increases steadily with time; however, foot discomfort increases more rapidly once the discomfort materializes. In conclusion, early development of shoulder pain or blisters may be a risk factor for severe pain or noncompletion of a period of prolonged load carriage.

Cilazapril stability in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide in model mixtures and fixed dose combination.

PubMed

Paszun, Sylwia K; Stanisz, Beata J; Gradowska, Agnieszka

2013-01-01

The presented study aimed at the evaluation of hydrochlorothiazide influence on cilazapril stability in model mixture and fixed dose tablet formulation. The degradation of cilazapril in the presence of hydrochlorothiazide took place according to autocatalytic reaction kinetic mechanism, described mathematically by Prout-Tompkins equation. Hydrochlorothiazide coexistence with cilazapril in model mixture and fixed dose tablet without blister package accelerated cilazapril degradation in comparison with degradation of cilazapril substance. Values of reaction induction time shortened, while those of observed reaction rate constant increased. Increasing values of relative humidity and temperature have negative impact on cilazapril stability. Determined semi-logarithmic relationships: In k = f(RH) and Arrhenius ln k = f(1/T) are linear and are cilazapril stability predictive. The blister (OPA/Alu/PVC//Alu) package of fixed dose tablets, constitutes absolute moisture protection and prevent cilazapril--hydrochlorothiazide interaction occurrence.

Toxicological studies on pipemidic acid. V. Effect on diarthrodial joints of experimental animals.

PubMed

Tatsumi, H; Senda, H; Yatera, S; Takemoto, Y; Yamayoshi, M; Ohnishi, K

1978-11-01

Pipemidic acid (PPA) orally given in a dose of 100 mg/kg/day or more was found to cause lame gait in immature beagle dogs of about 3 months old. Their diarthrodial joints were abnormal with increased synovial fluid and blister formation under the outer layer of the articular cartilage. However, such an abnormality was not found in dogs younger than 2 weeks or older than 12 months. The blisters were formed at the joint areas bearing the body weight at a time when PPA was considered to be present there. Nalidixic and piromidic acids, structural analogues of PPA, also caused abnormality similar to PPA. The severity of the arthropathy was slight with piromidic acid as compared with PPA and nalidixic acid. The gait abnormality was almost disappeared spontaneously even if medication was continued. The incidence of the arthropathy was not or rarely observed in any young rats, rabbits and monkeys.

Expression of Selected Integrins and Selectins in Bullous Pemphigoid

PubMed Central

Żebrowska, Agnieszka; Sysa-Jędrzejowska, Anna; Wągrowska-Danilewicz, Małgorzata; Joss-Wichman, Ewa; Erkiert-Polguj, Anna; Waszczykowska, Elżbieta

2007-01-01

Blister development in bullous pemphigoid (BP) results from destruction of hemidesmosomes and basement membrane components within the dermoepidermal junction by autoantibodies. Adhesion molecules can take part in pathogenesis of this disease. The aim of the study was to determine the localization and expression of L- and E-selectins and β1, β3, and β4 integrins by immunohistochemistry in skin lesions of 21 patients with BP, compared with 10 healthy subjects. Expression of L and E selectins and β1, β3 integrins was detected mainly in basal keratinocytes and in inflammatory infiltrates in the dermis, expression of β4 integrin was irregular and was detected mainly in dermal part of the blister, while in the control group only weak and single expression of the examined molecules was detected in basal keratinocytes and endothelium cells. The obtained results reveal the important role of selected selectins and integrins in development of skin lesions in BP. PMID:17515951

Epidermolysis Bullosa Acquitsita

PubMed Central

Gupta, Rishu; Woodley, David T.; Chen, Mei

2011-01-01

EBA is a rare, acquired, chronic subepidermal bullous disease of the skin and mucosa characterized by autoantibodies to type VII collagen structures, a major component of anchoring fibrils, that attach the epidermis onto the dermis. EBA patients have tissue-bound as well as circulating anti-type VII collagen autoantibodies that attack type VII collagen and result in a reduction or perturbation of normally functioning anchoring fibrils. Patients with EBA have skin fragility, blisters, erosions, scars, milia, and nail loss: all features reminiscent of genetic dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. These anti-type VII collagen antibodies are “pathogenic” because when injected into mice, the mice develop an EBA-like blistering disease. In addition to the classical mechanobullous presentation, EBA also has several other distinct clinical syndromes similar to bullous pemphigoid, Brunsting-Perry pemphigoid, or cicatricial pemphigoid. Although treatment for EBA is often unsatisfactory, some therapeutic success has been achieved with colchicine, dapsone, plasmaphoresis, photopheresis, infliximab, and intravenous immunoglobulin. PMID:22137228

Narrowband UVB-induced lichen planus pemphigoide

PubMed Central

Mandy Chan, Wai Man; See Lee, Joyce Siong; Thiam Theng, Colin Seng; Chua, Sze Hon; Boon Oon, Hazel Hwee

2011-01-01

Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is an autoimmune disease characterised by evolution of subepidermal blisters on normal and lichen planus affected skin. We describe a case of LPP in a 54-year-old Chinese woman. The patient presented with psoriasiform plaques and was diagnosed with guttate psoriasis. Narrowband ultraviolet B (NBUVB) therapy was commenced, and she experienced a generalised eruption of violaceous papules, bullae over the lower limbs, and Wickham's striae over the buccal mucosa. Histology from a plaque revealed interface dermatitis, while a specimen from a blister showed subepidermal bulla. Direct immunofluorescence showed linear deposition of IgG and C3 along the basement membrane. A diagnosis of LPP was made on clinicopathological grounds. This is the first case report of NBUVB alone in unmasking LPP. In this case report, we describe the pathological mechanism of NBUVB in the development of LPP and key features distinguishing LPP from bullous lupus erythematosus, bullous lichen planus, bullous pemphigoid, and psoriasis. PMID:25386295

Micro- and nano-scale damage on the surface of W divertor component during exposure to high heat flux loads with He

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, C.; Greuner, H.; Zhao, S. X.; Böswirth, B.; Luo, G. N.; Zhou, X.; Jia, Y. Z.; Liu, X.; Liu, W.

2015-11-01

Micro- and nano-scale surface damage on a W divertor component sample exposed to high heat flux loads generated with He atoms has been investigated through SEM, EBSD, AFM and FIB-SEM. The component sample was supplied by the Institute of Plasma Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences (ASIPP) and AT&M company, China, and the loading experiment was performed in the GLADIS facility at IPP Garching, Germany. Two typical damage structures were observed on the surface: the first one is characterized by obvious blisters and some grooves formed from ruptured blisters, and the other one is a kind of porous structure accompanying with at least ∼25 nm surface material loss. As the grain orientation is further away from <111>, the damage morphology gradually changes from the former structure to the latter. The possible damage mechanism is discussed.

Blisters and Loss of Epidermis in Patients With Lupus Erythematosus

PubMed Central

Merklen-Djafri, Carine; Bessis, Didier; Frances, Camille; Poulalhon, Nicolas; Debarbieux, Sébastien; Cordel, Nadège; Lipsker, Dan

2015-01-01

Abstract The nosology of bullous lesions or equivalents (vesicles, erosions, and crusts) in patients with lupus erythematosus (LE) is rarely addressed. The primary aim of this study was to draw up a precise phenotypic inventory of such skin lesions; the secondary objective was to assess a potential relationship between the different types of loss of epidermis and extracutaneous lupus manifestations. We conducted a retrospective multicenter study including 22 patients with definite LE and bullous lesions or equivalents. All biopsies were reviewed. Patients were recruited in the dermatology departments of 6 centers. Patients were included if they met the diagnosis of systemic LE according to American College of Rheumatology and/or Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics criteria or diagnosis of cutaneous LE based on classic clinical criteria and/or histological ascertainment of LE. Patients were recruited through clinician's memory and photographic collections. Three clinico-pathological patterns could be individualized. First, toxic epidermal necrolysis (TEN)-like, sheet-like, skin detachment; sun-exposure, mild mucosal involvement, and dermal mucin deposition allow differential diagnosis with classical Lyell syndrome. Second, vesiculo-bullae and/or crusting occurring on typical lesions of subacute cutaneous lupus erythematosus or chronic cutaneous lupus erythematosus. Third, tense vesicles and/or blisters with an underlying neutrophilic dermatosis and a usual response to dapsone. A careful analysis of 22 LE patients with epidermal detachment reveals 2 main pathomechanisms: a classic LE interface dermatitis, which can be hyperacute and lead to TEN-like skin detachment; and a neutrophilic dermatosis, with tense vesicles and/or blisters, including classic bullous LE. PMID:26579826

Lemons in the Arizona Sunshine: The Effects of Furocoumarins Leading to Phytophotodermatitis and Burn-like Injuries.

PubMed

Matthews, Marc R; VanderVelde, Joel C; Caruso, Daniel M; Foster, Kevin N

2017-12-01

Phytophototoxic dermatitis is a strong phototoxic reaction to ultraviolet A (UV-A) radiation exposure after cutaneous contact with citrus fruit containing furocoumarins, leading to skin injury. At the Arizona Burn Center (Phoenix, AZ), the majority of these injuries are managed in the outpatient setting. The authors present a pediatric admission for burn-like injuries following prolonged cutaneous exposure to lemons while playing in the Arizona sunshine. A 7-year-old girl playing in her backyard squeezed lemon juice onto her skin while in the hot Arizona sunshine; within 24 hours, the child experienced pain, erythema, and blistering to multiple areas of her skin. She was admitted to the authors' burn center for wound care and pain control. She had scattered first-degree and second-degree burn-like lesions to her face, neck, and chest as well as bilateral forearms, hands, lower extremities, and feet. After blister debridement, appropriate dressing care, and pain medication, the patient was discharged home after 4 days of hospitalization with appropriate clinical follow-up. Burn-like lesions caused by furocoumarins after cutaneous absorption and UV-A exposure are known clinical entities in Arizona. The sequential progression from erythema to blisters equivalent to second-degree burn-like lesions to cutaneous hyperpigmentation is a well-described clinical triad. Meticulous wound care and pain control for the treatment of these burn-like lesions are essential as is the need for the wound care specialist to be well versed on this topic to quickly identify the etiology of the injury, thereby avoiding misdiagnosing the patient with nonaccidental traumatic injuries.

Effect of litter quality on foot pad dermatitis, hock burns and breast blisters in broiler breeders during the production period.

PubMed

Kaukonen, Eija; Norring, Marianna; Valros, Anna

2016-12-01

Foot pad dermatitis and hock burn lesions are a form of contact dermatitis, a condition affecting skin areas in contact with unsuitable or irritating material. Contact dermatitis is a common problem, reducing the welfare of broilers, and is believed to also affect broiler breeders. However, there is very little research on contact dermatitis in breeders. This study followed the severity of foot pad lesions in broiler breeders throughout the production period. At slaughter the presence of hock burns and breast blisters was also determined. In addition, changes in litter condition over time and the impact of litter quality on foot pads were evaluated. The study was performed on 10 broiler breeder farms, including altogether 18 flocks. Foot pads of 100 hens per flock were assessed at the end of rearing period, three times during the production period, and at slaughter. Foot pad and hock lesions, as well as litter condition were scored on a 5-point scale. Litter quality was evaluated as pH, moisture and ammonia content. The condition of foot pads deteriorated towards slaughter age, with the occurrence of severe lesions reaching a maximum of 64% on average at slaughter. Hock lesions and breast blisters were rare. The litter layer became drier over time. Although poorer litter condition and wetness influenced foot pad health negatively, the effect on severe lesions was not significant. We also observed a negative effect on foot pad condition of larger slat areas. In conclusion, maintaining good litter quality alone is not enough to ensure healthy foot pads in broiler breeders.

Investigation of Ag buffered Ni and Ni-Cr alloys as substrates for the preparation of bismuth superconducting tapes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Régnier, P.; Bifulco-Michon, C.; Poissonnet, S.; Martin, H.; Bonnaillie, P.; Giunchi, G.; Legendre, F.

2002-10-01

We review and comment on the various requirements that a metallic substrate has to meet to be a good candidate for the fabrication of electrodeposited BSCCO superconducting tapes. We conclude that, in the present state of the art, no metallic substrate is really ideal. Hence we have investigated in detail the use of silver-buffered nickel-based alloys that seem to be a viable alternative to pure silver tape, which is more expensive and less resistant to high temperature. The major difficulty encountered was the occurrence of holes and blisters induced in the silver layers by the oxidation of the nickel underlayer during the heat treatments performed at high temperature in open air, which according to our procedure are required to synthesize high-temperature superconducting tapes. It was found that the liquid phases, transiently present in the process during the synthesis of the precursor phases, infiltrate between the Ag layer and the substrate through these holes and strongly react with the substrate transferring the poisoned element to the superconducting film greatly reducing its superconducting properties. Hence, several routes have been explored to try and suppress hole formation. It was found that pre-oxidizing the substrate at 880 °C for 1 h in open air sufficiently lowers the hole and blister densities to allow us to synthesize good Bi-2212 tapes on pure nickel, but not on Ni80-Cr20 alloys. A much more interesting solution seems to be to pre-anneal the substrate in a hydrogenous atmosphere which permits us to remove blisters and holes.

High-flow bypass and wrap-clipping for ruptured blood blister-like aneurysm of the internal carotid artery using intraoperative monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics

PubMed Central

Kubo, Yoshitaka; Koji, Takahiro; Yoshida, Kenji; Saito, Hideo; Ogawa, Akira; Ogasawara, Kuniaki

2015-01-01

Aneurysms at non-branching sites in the supraclinoid internal carotid artery (ICA) can be classified as “blood blister-like aneurysms” (BBAs), which have blood blister-like configurations and fragile walls. While surgical treatment for the BBA in the acute stage is recommended, the optimal surgical procedure remains controversial. In the study reported here, we describe the case of a 37-year-old woman with a ruptured BBA in the ophthalmic segment of the right ICA who underwent wrap-clipping with external carotid artery–internal carotid artery bypass by intraoperative estimation of the measurement of cortical cerebral blood flow (CoBF) using a thermal diffusion flow probe. Trapping of the ICA in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage may result in ischemic complications secondary to hemodynamic hypoperfusion or occlusion of the perforating artery, and/or delayed vasospasm, even with concomitant bypass surgery. We believe that it is important to perform scheduled external carotid artery–internal carotid artery bypass before trapping of the ICA in patients with a ruptured BBA in the acute stage of subarachnoid hemorrhage and to perform wrap-clipping rather than trapping. This would provide much more CoBF if a reduction of CoBF occurs after trapping occlusion of the ICA including a ruptured BBA according to intraoperative CoBF monitoring. As far as we are aware, the case reported here is the first report on high-flow bypass and wrap-clipping for a ruptured BBA of the ICA using intraoperative monitoring of cerebral hemodynamics. PMID:26082641

EPA Science Matters Newsletter: Chemical Warfare Agent Analytical Standards Facilitate Lab Testing (Published November 2013)

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Learn about the EPA chemists' efforts to develop methods for detecting extremely low concentrations of nerve agents, such as sarin, VX, soman and cyclohexyl sarin, and the blister agent sulfur mustard.

78 FR 45911 - Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 38-Spartanburg County, South Carolina, Notification of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... chargers; magnets; magnetic chucks; lead-acid, power pack, NiMH and lithium ion batteries; SA battery packs...-bags; battery caps; blister packs; shrink-heat tubing; plastic handles and knobs; O- rings; seals...

Intense pulsed light annealing of copper zinc tin sulfide nanocrystal coatings

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Williams, Bryce A.; Smeaton, Michelle A.; Holgate, Collin S.

2016-09-15

A promising method for forming the absorber layer in copper zinc tin sulfide [Cu{sub 2}ZnSnS{sub 4} (CZTS)] thin film solar cells is thermal annealing of coatings cast from dispersions of CZTS nanocrystals. Intense pulsed light (IPL) annealing utilizing xenon flash lamps is a potential high-throughput, low-cost, roll-to-roll manufacturing compatible alternative to thermal annealing in conventional furnaces. The authors studied the effects of flash energy density (3.9–11.6 J/cm{sup 2}) and number of flashes (1–400) during IPL annealing on the microstructure of CZTS nanocrystal coatings cast on molybdenum-coated soda lime glass substrates (Mo-coated SLG). The annealed coatings exhibited cracks with two distinct linearmore » crack densities, 0.01 and 0.2 μm{sup −1}, depending on the flash intensity and total number of flashes. Low density cracking (0.01 μm{sup −1}, ∼1 crack per 100 μm) is caused by decomposition of CZTS at the Mo-coating interface. Vapor decomposition products at the interface cause blisters as they escape the coating. Residual decomposition products within the blisters were imaged using confocal Raman spectroscopy. In support of this hypothesis, replacing the Mo-coated SLG substrate with quartz eliminated blistering and low-density cracking. High density cracking is caused by rapid thermal expansion and contraction of the coating constricted on the substrate as it is heated and cooled during IPL annealing. Finite element modeling showed that CZTS coatings on low thermal diffusivity materials (i.e., SLG) underwent significant differential heating with respect to the substrate with rapid rises and falls of the coating temperature as the flash is turned on and off, possibly causing a build-up of tensile stress within the coating prompting cracking. Use of a high thermal diffusivity substrate, such as a molybdenum foil (Mo foil), reduces this differential heating and eliminates the high-density cracking. IPL annealing in presence of sulfur vapor prevented both low- and high-density cracking as well as blistering. However, grain growth was limited even after annealing with 400 flashes. This lack of grain growth is attributed to a difficulty of maintaining high sulfur vapor pressure and absence of alkali metal impurities when Mo foil substrates are used.« less

Protecting Yourself From Shingles | NIH MedlinePlus the Magazine

MedlinePlus

... with shingles can spread the disease through direct contact with the rash when the rash is in the blister phase. ... person who has never had chickenpox through direct contact with the rash. The person exposed would develop chickenpox, not shingles. ...

Fluticasone and Vilanterol Oral Inhalation

MedlinePlus

... glaucoma (an eye disease), cataracts (clouding of the lens of the eyes), any condition that affects your immune system, or ... after every blister has been used (when the dose indicator reads 0), whichever ... and those for eye drops, creams, patches, and inhalers) are not child- ...

Peripheral artery disease of the legs - self-care

MedlinePlus

... to check your feet for you. Look for: Dry and cracked skin Blisters or sores Bruises or cuts Redness, warmth, or tenderness Firm or hard spots Call your provider right way about any foot problems. DO NOT try to treat them yourself first.

Improved nickel plating of Inconel X-750

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farmer, M. E.; Feeney, J. E.; Kuster, C. A.

1969-01-01

Electroplating technique with acid pickling provides a method of applying nickel plating on Inconel X-750 tubing to serve as a wetting agent during brazing. Low-stress nickel-plating bath contains no organic wetting agents that cause the nickel to blister at high temperatures.

Local cytokine changes in complex regional pain syndrome type I (CRPS I) resolve after 6 months.

PubMed

Lenz, Melanie; Uçeyler, Nurcan; Frettlöh, Jule; Höffken, Oliver; Krumova, Elena K; Lissek, Silke; Reinersmann, Annika; Sommer, Claudia; Stude, Philipp; Waaga-Gasser, Ana M; Tegenthoff, Martin; Maier, Christoph

2013-10-01

There is evidence that inflammatory processes are involved in at least the early phase of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS). We compared a panel of pro- and antiinflammatory cytokines in skin blister fluids and serum from patients with CRPS and patients with upper-limb pain of other origin (non-CRPS) in the early stage (< 1 year) and after 6 months of pain treatment. Blister fluid was collected from the affected and contralateral nonaffected side. We used a multiplex-10 bead array cytokine assay and Luminex technology to measure protein concentrations of the cytokines interleukin-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1RA), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12p40, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and the chemokines eotaxin, monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1β (MIP-1β). We found bilaterally increased proinflammatory TNF-α and MIP-1β and decreased antiinflammatory IL-1RA protein levels in CRPS patients compared to non-CRPS patients. Neither group showed side differences. After 6 months under analgesic treatment, protein levels of all measured cytokines in CRPS patients, except for IL-6, significantly changed bilaterally to the level of non-CRPS patients. These changes were not related to treatment outcome. In serum, only IL-8, TNF-α, eotaxin, MCP-1, and MIP-1β were detectable without intergroup differences. Blister fluid of CRPS patients showed a bilateral proinflammatory cytokine profile. This profile seems to be relevant only at the early stage of CRPS. Almost all measured cytokine levels were comparable to those of non-CRPS patients after 6 months of analgesic treatment and were not related to treatment outcome. Copyright © 2013 International Association for the Study of Pain. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

A randomized controlled trial to compare the safety and effectiveness of doxycycline (200 mg daily) with oral prednisolone (0.5 mg kg(-1) daily) for initial treatment of bullous pemphigoid: a protocol for the Bullous Pemphigoid Steroids and Tetracyclines (BLISTER) Trial.

PubMed

Chalmers, J R; Wojnarowska, F; Kirtschig, G; Nunn, A J; Bratton, D J; Mason, J; Foster, K A; Whitham, D; Williams, H C

2015-07-01

Bullous pemphigoid (BP) is the most common autoimmune blistering disease in older people, and is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Oral corticosteroids are usually effective but the side-effects are thought to contribute to the high morbidity and mortality rate. Treatment with oral tetracyclines may be effective but high-quality, randomized controlled trials (RCTs) are needed to confirm this. To compare the effectiveness and safety of two strategies for treating BP. This is a two-arm, parallel group, 52-week RCT comparing doxycycline with prednisolone for initial treatment of BP. Dose is fixed for the initial 6 weeks of treatment (doxycycline 200 mg daily; prednisolone 0.5 mg kg(-1) daily), after which it can be adjusted according to need. A total of 256 patients with BP will be recruited in the U.K. and Germany. The primary outcomes are: (i) effectiveness (assessor-blinded blister count at 6 weeks) and (ii) safety [proportion of patients experiencing ≥ grade 3 adverse events (i.e. severe, life: threatening or fatal) related to trial medication during the year of follow-up]. Primary effectiveness analysis will be an assessment of whether doxycycline can be considered noninferior to prednisolone after 6 weeks of treatment. Primary safety analysis is a superiority analysis at 12 months. Secondary outcomes include longer-term assessment of effectiveness, relapse rates, the proportion of patients experiencing any grade of adverse events related to treatment, quality of life and cost-effectiveness. The trial will provide good evidence for whether the strategy of starting BP treatment with doxycycline is a useful alternative to prednisolone. © 2015 British Association of Dermatologists.

Mobile health (mHealth) based medication adherence measurement – a pilot trial using electronic blisters in diabetes patients

PubMed Central

Brath, Helmut; Morak, Jürgen; Kästenbauer, Thomas; Modre-Osprian, Robert; Strohner-Kästenbauer, Hermine; Schwarz, Mark; Kort, Willem; Schreier, Günter

2013-01-01

Aims The aim of the present study was to evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) based remote medication adherence measurement system (mAMS) in elderly patients with increased cardiovascular risk treated for diabetes, high cholesterol and hypertension. Cardiovascular risk was defined as the presence of at least two out of the three risk factors: type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. Methods For treatment of diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension, four predefined routinely used drugs were selected. Drug adherence was investigated in a controlled randomized doctor blinded study with crossover design. The mAMS was used to measure and improve objectively the adherence by means of closed-loop interactions. Results The mean age of the 53 patients (30 female) was 69.4 ± 4.8 years. A total of 1654 electronic blisters were handed out. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) between the monitoring and the control phase was observed for the diabetes medication only. In a post-study questionnaire twenty-nine patients appreciated that their physician knew if and when they had taken their medications and 13 asked for more or automated communication with their physicians. Only one subject withdrew from the study because of technical complexity. Conclusions The results indicate that mHealth based adherence management is feasible and well accepted by patients with increased cardiovascular risk. It may help to increase adherence, even in patients with high baseline adherence and, subsequently, lead to improved control of indicators including blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations. Electronic blisters can be used in a multi-medication regimen but need to be carefully designed for day-to-day application. PMID:24007452

Identification of the nitrogen-based blister agents bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine (HN-2) and tris(2-chloroethyl)amine (HN-3) and their hydrolysis products on soil using ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Gresham, G L; Groenewold, G S; Olson, J E

2000-12-01

The nitrogen blister agents HN-2 (bis(2-chloroethyl)methylamine) and HN-3 (tris(2-chloroethyl)amine) were directly analyzed on the surface of soil samples using ion trap secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). In the presence of water, HN-1 (bis(2-choroethyl)ethylamine), HN-2 and HN-3 undergo hydrolysis to form N-ethyldiethanolamine, N-methyldiethanolamine and triethanolamine (TEA), respectively; these compounds can be readily detected as adsorbed species on soil particles. When soil samples spiked with HN-3 in alcohol were analyzed, 2-alkoxyethylamine derivatives were observed on the sample surfaces. This result shows that nitrogen blister agents will undergo condensation reactions with nucleophilic compounds and emphasizes the need for an analytical methodology capable of detecting a range of degradation and condensation products on environmental surfaces. The ability of ion trap SIMS to isolate and accumulate ions, and then perform tandem mass spectrometric analysis improves the detection of low-abundance surface contaminants and the selectivity of the technique. Utilizing these techniques, the limits of detection for HN-3 were studied as a function of surface coverage. It was found that HN-3 could be detected at a surface coverage of 0.01 monolayer, which corresponds to 20 ppm (mass/mass) for a soil having a surface area of 2.2 m(2) g(-1). TEA, the exhaustive hydrolysis product of HN-3, was detected at a surface coverage of 0.001 monolayer, which corresponds to 0.86 ppm. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Cytokines in autoimmune bullous skin diseases. Epiphenomena or contribution to pathogenesis?

PubMed

Ludwig, R J; Schmidt, E

2009-08-01

An increasing number of publications reports altered expression of numerous cytokines in autoimmune bullous skin diseases. However, with few exceptions, the pathogenic relevance of increased levels in serum and blister fluid as well as elevated cytokine expression in the skin has not been addressed. The introduction of TNFalfa inhibition into the treatment of several chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases has clearly demonstrated the potential of an anti-cytokine-based therapy. As the treatment of autoimmune bullous skin diseases remains a therapeutic challenge, introduction of novel treatment options for these patients is needed. Therefore, we here present the current understanding of the role of cytokines in autoimmune bullous skin diseases; focusing on pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid as representative autoimmune bullous skin diseases, and on the cytokines TNFalfa, IL-1 and IL-6, as respective inhibitory compounds have been licensed. Increased levels of these 3 chemokines have been found in both sera and blister fluid of patients with pemphigus vulgaris and bullous pemphigoid, and for most, disease activity correlates with cytokine levels. In animal models of pemphigus vulgaris, deficiency of IL-1 or TNFalfa partially protects from pemphigus IgG-induced blister formation. For bullous pemphigoid, circumstantial experimental evidence suggests, that inhibition of TNFalfa, IL-1 and IL-6 might be a suitable approach to dampen the inflammatory response. These assumptions are supported by reports of a therapeutic benefit of TNFalfa inhibition in treatment-refractory cases of pemphigus and several pemphigoid diseases. In summary, the current understanding of the contribution of chemokines to autoimmune bullous skin diseases, does not allow to draw final A more detailed understanding of the chemokine network in these disorders is required and may be provided by the corresponding experimental models.

Decreased interleukin-7 and transforming growth factor-beta1 levels in blister fluids as compared to the respective serum levels in patients with bullous pemphigoid. Opposite behavior of TNF-alpha, interleukin-4 and interleukin-10.

PubMed

Giacalone, B; D'Auria, L; Bonifati, C; Ferraro, C; Riccardi, E; Mussi, A; D'Agosto, G; Cordiali-Fei, P; Ameglio, F

1998-08-01

This study analyzes both the blister fluid (BF) and serum levels of IL-7 and TGF-beta1 in samples from 18 patients affected with bullous pemphigoid (BP). These cytokines clearly present lower concentrations (P<0.001) in BFs than in the sera (1/20 and 1/2, respectively). In contrast, TNF-alpha, IL-10 and IL-4 present increased amounts in BFs that were 12, 12 and 17-fold, respectively. Eighteen sera (and 10 suction BF) from normal individuals were also employed as control. Normal sera presented significantly lower serum IL-7 concentrations than BP, while no significant TGF-beta1 variations were observed between normal and pathologic serum samples. In addition, the serum levels detected in BP patients were significantly correlated with disease intensity (r=0.64, P=0.003, evaluated as the number of blisters/erosions for each patient) as well as with the peripheral B-lymphocyte counts (r=0.80, P<0.001) and antibodies directed against the basement membrane zone (r=0.65, P<0.005). Although a clear explanation of this phenomenon is lacking, the data presented in this report agree with a strong decrease of IL-7 production at the local level (keratinocyte is known to produce IL-7 and the latter is known to be down-regulated by IL-10, and in other models also by TGF-beta1 and IL-4, whose levels are elevated in BP BFs) as opposed to an increased peripheral release of the same modulator. The IL-7 reduction may have a biological relevance in controlling a chronic, progressive disease.

Mobile health (mHealth) based medication adherence measurement - a pilot trial using electronic blisters in diabetes patients.

PubMed

Brath, Helmut; Morak, Jürgen; Kästenbauer, Thomas; Modre-Osprian, Robert; Strohner-Kästenbauer, Hermine; Schwarz, Mark; Kort, Willem; Schreier, Günter

2013-09-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate a mobile health (mHealth) based remote medication adherence measurement system (mAMS) in elderly patients with increased cardiovascular risk treated for diabetes, high cholesterol and hypertension. Cardiovascular risk was defined as the presence of at least two out of the three risk factors: type 2 diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension. For treatment of diabetes, hypercholesterolaemia and hypertension, four predefined routinely used drugs were selected. Drug adherence was investigated in a controlled randomized doctor blinded study with crossover design. The mAMS was used to measure and improve objectively the adherence by means of closed-loop interactions. The mean age of the 53 patients (30 female) was 69.4 ± 4.8 years. A total of 1654 electronic blisters were handed out. A statistically significant difference (P = 0.04) between the monitoring and the control phase was observed for the diabetes medication only. In a post-study questionnaire twenty-nine patients appreciated that their physician knew if and when they had taken their medications and 13 asked for more or automated communication with their physicians. Only one subject withdrew from the study because of technical complexity. The results indicate that mHealth based adherence management is feasible and well accepted by patients with increased cardiovascular risk. It may help to increase adherence, even in patients with high baseline adherence and, subsequently, lead to improved control of indicators including blood pressure and cholesterol concentrations. Electronic blisters can be used in a multi-medication regimen but need to be carefully designed for day-to-day application. © 2013 The British Pharmacological Society.

BLISTER Regulates Polycomb-Target Genes, Represses Stress-Regulated Genes and Promotes Stress Responses in Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Kleinmanns, Julia A; Schatlowski, Nicole; Heckmann, David; Schubert, Daniel

2017-01-01

HIGHLIGHTS The PRC2 interacting protein BLISTER likely acts downstream of PRC2 to silence Polycomb target genes and is a key regulator of specific stress responses in Arabidopsis . Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are key epigenetic regulators of development. The highly conserved Polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) represses thousands of target genes by trimethylating H3K27 (H3K27me3). Plant specific PcG components and functions are largely unknown, however, we previously identified the plant-specific protein BLISTER (BLI) as a PRC2 interactor. BLI regulates PcG target genes and promotes cold stress resistance. To further understand the function of BLI , we analyzed the transcriptional profile of bli-1 mutants. Approximately 40% of the up-regulated genes in bli are PcG target genes, however, bli-1 mutants did not show changes in H3K27me3 levels at all tested genes, indicating that BLI regulates PcG target genes downstream of or in parallel to PRC2. Interestingly, a significant number of BLI regulated H3K27me3 target genes is regulated by the stress hormone absciscic acid (ABA). We further reveal an overrepresentation of genes responding to abiotic stresses such as drought, high salinity, or heat stress among the up-regulated genes in bli mutants. Consistently, bli mutants showed reduced desiccation stress tolerance. We conclude that the PRC2 associated protein BLI is a key regulator of stress-responsive genes in Arabidopsis : it represses ABA-responsive PcG target genes, likely downstream of PRC2, and promotes resistance to several stresses such as cold and drought.

Acute effects of sulfur mustard injury--Munich experiences.

PubMed

Kehe, K; Thiermann, H; Balszuweit, F; Eyer, F; Steinritz, D; Zilker, T

2009-09-01

Sulfur mustard (SM) is a strong vesicant agent which has been used in several military conflicts. Large stockpiles still exist to the present day. SM is believed to be a major threat to civilian populations because of the persistent asymmetric threat by non-state actors, such as terrorist groups, its easy synthesis and handling and the risk of theft from stockpiles. Following an asymptomatic interval of several hours, acute SM exposure produces subepidermal skin blisters, respiratory tract damage, eye lesions and bone marrow depression. Iranian victims of SM exposure during the Iran-Iraq (1984-1988) war were treated at intensive care units of 3 Munich hospitals. All 12 patients were injured following aerial attacks with SM filled bombs, which exploded in a distance between 5 and 30m. All patients soon noted an offensive smell of garlic, addle eggs or oil roasted vegetables. No individual protective equipment was used. Eye itching and skin blistering started 2h after SM exposure. Some patients complained of nausea, dizziness and hoarseness. 4h after exposure, most patients started vomiting. Eye symptoms worsened and most patients suffered from temporary blindness due to blepharospasm and lid oedema. Additionally, pulmonary symptoms such as productive cough occurred. Patients were transferred to Munich 4-17 days after SM exposure. On admission all patients showed significant skin blistering and pigmentation. Conjunctivitis and photophobia were the major eye symptoms. Pulmonary symptoms, including productive cough were persistent. Bronchoscopy revealed massive inflammation of the trachea with signs of necrosis. 3 patients needed tracheotomy. Chest X-ray did not yield abnormal observations. This presentation summarizes the experience of treating SM victims in Munich and discusses therapeutic implications.

8. VIEW OF ESCAPE TRAINING TANK, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM 50FOOT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

8. VIEW OF ESCAPE TRAINING TANK, LOOKING NORTHEAST FROM 50-FOOT PASSAGEWAY, SHOWING PORTION OF SPIRAL STAIR AND REPRESENTATIVE FLOOD LIGHT BLISTER - U.S. Naval Submarine Base, New London Submarine Escape Training Tank, Albacore & Darter Roads, Groton, New London County, CT

Restoration planting options for limber pines in the southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pine's critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts.

A model for the infrared emission from an OB star cluster environment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Leisawitz, D.

1991-01-01

A model for the infrared emission from the neighborhood of an OB star cluster is described. The distribution of gas and dust around the stars, properties of the dust, and the cluster and interstellar radiation fields are variable. The model can be applied to regions around clusters embedded to various degrees in their parental molecular clouds (i.e., compact H II regions, blister-type H II regions, and the tenuous H II regions ionized by naked O stars). The model is used to simulate IRAS observations of a typical blister H II region. Infrared surface brightness and spectral energy distributions are predicted and the impact of limited spatial resolution is illustrated. The model results are shown to be consistent with observations of the exemplary outer Galaxy OB cluster NGC 7380. It is planned to use the model as a diagnostic tool to probe the physical conditions and dust properties in star-formation regions and, ultimately, in an interpretation of the spectral energy distributions of spiral galaxies.

Ideal Internal Carotid Artery Trapping Technique without Bypass in a Patient with Insufficient Collateral Flow.

PubMed

Chung, Joon Ho; Shin, Yong Sam; Lim, Yong Cheol; Park, Minjung

2009-04-01

Internal carotid artery (ICA) trapping can be used for treating intracranial giant aneurysm, blood blister-like aneurysms and ICA rupture during the surgery. We present a novel ICA trapping technique which can be used with insufficient collaterals flow via anterior communicating artery (AcoA) and posterior communicating artery (PcoA). A patient was admitted with severe headache and the cerebral angiography demonstrated a typical blood blister-like aneurysm at the contralateral side of PcoA. For trapping the aneurysm, the first clip was placed at the ICA just proximal to the aneurysm whereas the distal clip was placed obliquely proximal to the origin of the PcoA to preserve blood flow from the PcoA to the distal ICA. The patient was completely recovered with good collaterals filling to the right ICA territories via AcoA and PcoA. This technique may be an effective treatment option for trapping the aneurysm, especially when the PcoA preservation is mandatory.

Effect of carbaryl on survival and development in Bombina orientalis (Boulenger) embryos.

PubMed

Kang, Han Seung; Park, Chan Jin; Gye, Myung Chan

2010-05-01

Bombina orientalis is one of the most common amphibians in the world and comprise a large proportion of their total number in Korea. B. orientalis, spawns in the farming regions at Spring when the massive application of agricultural chemicals occurs. Carbaryl, carbamate chemical is a slightly to highly toxic insecticide inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. The embryotoxicity and teratogenic effects of carbaryl on B. orientalis embryos were investigated at 5, 10, 50 and 100 muM. The survival rates of embryos at 312 h post fertilization were decreased with concentration dependent manner. Exposure to carbaryl produced 4 types of severe external abnormalities such as bent trunk, thick-set body, bent tail and ventral blister. At 5 muM carbaryl, a dose of no observed effect on embryonic survival, developmental abnormalities were significantly increased. The developmental abnormalities showed in order of frequency with bent trunk, thick-set body, bent tail and ventral blister. This result suggests that carbaryl is detrimental for embryonic survival and teratogenic by causing the axial skeletal defects in B. orientalis embryos.

A prospective randomised study comparing the jubilee dressing method to a standard adhesive dressing for total hip and knee replacements.

PubMed

Burke, Neil G; Green, Connor; McHugh, Gavin; McGolderick, Niall; Kilcoyne, Carol; Kenny, Patrick

2012-08-01

It is important to reduce potential wound complications in total hip and total knee arthroplasty procedures. The purpose of this study was to compare the jubilee dressing method to a standard adhesive dressing. 124 patients (62 total hip replacements and 62 total knee replacements) were randomly selected to have either a standard adhesive dressing or jubilee method dressing. The number of dressing changes, incidence of blistering, leakage, appearance of inflammation, infection rate and the average stay in hospital was recorded for each patient. The jubilee dressing significantly reduced the rate of blistering, leakage and number of dressing changes when compare to a traditional adhesive dressing (p < 0.05). The rate of inflammation and average length of stay in hospital was not significantly different between the two groups. The authors recommend the use of this dressing for total hip and total knee arthroplasty procedures due to the associated lower complication rate. Copyright © 2012 Tissue Viability Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Feasibility study for clinical application of caspase-3 inhibitors in Pemphigus vulgaris.

PubMed

Hariton, William V J; Galichet, Arnaud; Vanden Berghe, Tom; Overmiller, Andrew M; Mahoney, My G; Declercq, Wim; Müller, Eliane J

2017-12-01

The potentially severe side effects of systemic corticosteroids and immunosuppressants used in Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) call for novel therapeutic approaches. In this context, pharmacological inhibition of major pathogenic signalling effectors represents a promising alternative. However, we have also shown that overinhibition of effectors required for epidermal homeostasis can exacerbate PV pathophysiology implicating transepidermal keratinocyte fragility. A feedforward target validation therefore preferentially includes studies on knockout mouse models. We previously reported on successful amelioration of PV blisters following inhibition of non-apoptotic, low-level caspase-3. Here, we use conditional, keratinocyte-specific caspase-3-deficient mice (casp3 EKO ) to demonstrate (i) absence of keratinocyte fragility upon injection of the potent Dsg3-specific antibody AK23 and (ii) amelioration of blistering on the background of known signalling effectors. Our results provide the experimental proof of concept justifying translation of the caspase-3 inhibitor approach into PV clinical trials. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons A/S. Published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Therapeutic options to treat sulfur mustard poisoning--the road ahead.

PubMed

Smith, William J

2009-09-01

For the past 15 years the international research community has conducted a basic and applied research program aimed at identifying a medical countermeasure against chemical threat vesicant, or blistering, agents. The primary emphasis of this program has been the development of therapeutic protection against sulfur mustard and its cutaneous pathology-blister formation. In addition to the work on a medical countermeasures, significant research has been conducted on the development of topical skin protectants and medical strategies for wound healing. This review will focus on the pharmacological strategies investigated, novel therapeutic targets currently under investigation and therapeutic approaches being considered for transition to advanced development. Additionally, we will review the expansion of our understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of mustard injury that has come from this research. While great strides have been made through these investigations, the complexity of the mustard insult demands that further studies extend the inroads made and point the way toward better understanding of cellular and tissue disruptions caused by sulfur mustard.

Current practices for the prophylaxis against bone mineral density loss in patients with autoimmune blistering disease treated with corticosteroids: an expert survey.

PubMed

Amber, K T; Grando, S A

2018-04-28

Managing corticosteroid related comorbidities, including bone mineral density loss (BMDL), is an essential part of caring for the autoimmune blistering disease (AIBD) patient. The American College of Rheumatology (ACR) issued an evidence-based BMDL prophylaxis guideline for patients receiving systemic corticosteroids. 2010 guidelines divided patients as low, medium, and high-risk. Accordingly, for patients greater than 50 and on corticosteroids for ≥3 months, low-risk patients should receive bisphosphonate prophylaxis if receiving ≥7.5mg of prednisone daily, while medium and high-risk patients should receive bisphosphonate prophylaxis regardless of dose. Supplementation with calcium and Vitamin D are recommended for all patients receiving corticosteroids, regardless of duration [1]. Patients with a history of fragility fractures if receiving ≥1 month of corticosteroids also should receive prophylaxis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Feasibility of mHealth and Near Field Communication technology based medication adherence monitoring.

PubMed

Morak, Juergen; Schwarz, Mark; Hayn, Dieter; Schreier, Guenter

2012-01-01

Poor patients' adherence to intake of prescribed medication has been identified as a serious problem in the treatment of chronically ill patients. Technical solutions are needed to measure and - if necessary - to increase the patients' adherence. A telemonitoring solution was developed to record a patient's medication intake based on smart blisters and mobile phones with NFC functionality. The components allowed recording of drug type, timestamp, and dosage of pills taken. The system's usability and technical feasibility was evaluated in the course of an application study. Over a period of 13 months 59 patients suffering from diabetes were monitored. 1,760 blisters were handed out to these patients and 14,843 takeout events were recorded and transmitted via mobile phone. Results indicate the feasibility of this concept to monitor adherence. Although the system still needs to be optimized for routine use it shows the potential for targeting the problem of poor patient adherence by NFC enabled devices.

Diagnostic performance of the "MESACUP anti-Skin profile TEST".

PubMed

Horváth, Orsolya N; Varga, Rita; Kaneda, Makoto; Schmidt, Enno; Ruzicka, Thomas; Sárdy, Miklós

2016-01-01

The "MESACUP anti-Skin profile TEST" is a new, commercially available ELISA kit to detect circulating IgG autoantibodies against desmoglein 1, desmoglein 3, BP180, BP230, and type VII collagen, both simultaneously and more rapidly than previous assays. The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of this kit for the diagnosis of pemphigus foliaceus, pemphigus vulgaris, bullous pemphigoid and epidermolysis bullosa acquisita. Dual-centre retrospective study in which 138 patients with autoimmune blistering diseases were compared to 40 controls Using the MESACUP anti-Skin profile TEST, both sensitivities and specificities for desmoglein 1, desmoglein 3, BP180, BP230, and type VII collagen autoantibodies were similar to those obtained using previous, specific ELISA systems and 88% of the results were concordant without any significant difference. The MESACUP anti-Skin profile TEST had a similar performance to previously produced ELISA systems. The novel kit can be used for rapid diagnosis of most common autoimmune blistering diseases and is especially suitable for identifying overlapping disorders.

Microstructural development and helium bubble formation in Cu/W(Re) nanometer multilayer films irradiated by He+ ion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, Shunli; Liu, Bo; Lin, Liwei; Jiao, Guohua

2015-07-01

A series of 60 keV He+ implantations was conducted on Cu/W(Re, 5.9 at.%) multilayered structures with ion doses from 5 × 1019 to 5 × 1021 m2 under different temperature. Three distinct, temperature-dependent He release mechanisms were found by subsequent X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigations. Firstly, with implantation at 300 K (about T/Tm (Cu) = 0.22), a certain degree of blistering was observed with a critical dose higher than 5 × 1021 m-2. But, at higher temperature irradiation (about T/Tm (Cu) = 0.35), samples implanted were characterized by extensive blisters at the dose of 2 × 1021 m-2. Finally, at 673 K (about T/Tm (Cu) = 0.5), the specimen flaked and a rough, porous surface formed when the dose was higher than 1 × 1021 m-2. The mechanisms involved have been analyzed based on the detailed characterization studies.

Acute fish liver intoxication induced blisters formation and generalized skin peeling.

PubMed

Chang, Chih-Hao; Lu, Chun-Wei; Chung, Wen-Hung; Ho, Hsin-Chun

2018-02-01

Acute fish liver intoxication, including hypervitaminosis A and hypervitaminosis D, may result from the ingestion of certain fish livers. The typical symptoms of hypervitaminosis A include nausea, headache, blurred vision, and cutaneous manifestations, such as flushing, vesicles formation, and desquamation. Hypervitaminosis D may result in hypercalcemia. We report a case of acute fish liver intoxication with systemic and cutaneous manifestations. A 63-year-old male presented to the clinic with generalized desquamation and multiple clear-fluid filled flaccid vesicles after eating approximately two fist-sized portions (about 300-400 g) of cooked seerfish (Scomberomorus spp.) liver. Laboratory examination showed a high serum level of vitamin A and D, and hypercalcemia. Fish liver consumption from particular fish may result in acute hypervitaminosis A and D. In patients with skin detachment or blister formation, headache, drowsiness, and other symptoms and signs consistent with hypervitaminosis A and/or hypercalcemia, a history of fish intake should be sought, and a serum level of vitamin A and D should be measured.

Theoretical prediction of the energy stability of graphene nanoblisters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glukhova, O. E.; Slepchenkov, M. M.; Barkov, P. V.

2018-04-01

The paper presents the results of a theoretical prediction of the energy stability of graphene nanoblisters with various geometrical parameters. As a criterion for the evaluation of the stability of investigated carbon objects we propose to consider the value of local stress of the nanoblister atomic grid. Numerical evaluation of stresses experienced by atoms of the graphene blister framework was carried out by means of an original method for calculation of local stresses that is based on energy approach. Atomistic models of graphene nanoblisters corresponding to the natural experiment data were built for the first time in this work. New physical regularities of the influence of topology on the thermodynamic stability of nanoblisters were established as a result of the analysis of the numerical experiment data. We built the distribution of local stresses for graphene blister structures, whose atomic grid contains a variety of structural defects. We have shown how the concentration and location of defects affect the picture of the distribution of the maximum stresses experienced by the atoms of the nanoblisters.

Notes from the field: Exposures to discarded sulfur mustard munitions - Mid-Atlantic and New England States 2004-2012.

PubMed

2013-04-26

Before the 1970s, the United States sometimes disposed of at sea excess, obsolete, or unserviceable munitions, including chemical munitions. Chemical munitions known to have been disposed of at sea included munitions filled with sulfur mustard, a vesicant (i.e., an agent that causes chemical burns or blisters of the skin and mucous membranes). Signs and symptoms of exposure to a mustard agent can include redness and blistering of the skin, eye irritation, rhinorrhea, hoarseness, shortness of breath, and (rarely) diarrhea and abdominal discomfort. Since 2004, CDC has received notification of three separate incidents of exposure to sulfur mustard munitions. In one incident, a munition was found with ocean-dredged marine shells used to pave a driveway. The other two incidents involved commercial clam fishing operations. This report highlights the importance of considering exposure to sulfur mustard in the differential diagnosis of signs and symptoms compatible with exposure to a vesicant agent, especially among persons involved with clam fishing or sea dredging operations.

Evaluating the time and temperature dependent biaxial strength of Gore-Select ® series 57 proton exchange membrane using a pressure loaded blister test

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grohs, Jacob R.; Li, Yongqiang; Dillard, David A.; Case, Scott W.; Ellis, Michael W.; Lai, Yeh-Hung; Gittleman, Craig S.

Temperature and humidity fluctuations in operating fuel cells impose significant biaxial stresses in the constrained proton exchange membranes (PEMs) of a fuel cell stack. The strength of the PEM, and its ability to withstand cyclic environment-induced stresses, plays an important role in membrane integrity and consequently, fuel cell durability. In this study, a pressure loaded blister test is used to characterize the biaxial strength of Gore-Select ® series 57 over a range of times and temperatures. Hencky's classical solution for a pressurized circular membrane is used to estimate biaxial strength values from burst pressure measurements. A hereditary integral is employed to construct the linear viscoelastic analog to Hencky's linear elastic exact solution. Biaxial strength master curves are constructed using traditional time-temperature superposition principle techniques and the associated temperature shift factors show good agreement with shift factors obtained from constitutive (stress relaxation) and fracture (knife slit) tests of the material.

II. Pathogens

Treesearch

Ned B. Klopfenstein; Brian W. Geils

2011-01-01

Invasive fungal pathogens have caused immeasurably large ecological and economic damage to forests. It is well known that invasive fungal pathogens can cause devastating forest diseases (e.g., white pine blister rust, chestnut blight, Dutch elm disease, dogwood anthracnose, butternut canker, Scleroderris canker of pines, sudden oak death, pine pitch canker) (Maloy 1997...

Herpetic stomatitis

MedlinePlus

... Fever, often as high as 104°F (40°C), which may occur 1 to 2 days before blisters and ulcers appear Irritability Mouth pain Swollen gums Symptoms may be so uncomfortable that your child doesn't want to eat or drink. Exams and Tests Your child's health care provider can ...

Chlorine

MedlinePlus

... in the form of a poisonous gas. Chlorine gas can be pressurized and cooled to change it into a liquid so that it can be shipped and stored. ... and blisters on the skin if exposed to gas. Skin injuries similar to frostbite ... exposed to liquid chlorine Burning sensation in the nose, throat, and ...

78 FR 45845 - Airworthiness Directives; Bell Helicopter Textron Helicopters

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

..., whichever occurs first, cleaning and visually inspecting each T/R blade assembly for a crack, corrosion... be covered under warranty, thereby reducing the cost impact on affected individuals. We do not... a crack, corrosion (may be indicated by blistering, peeling, flaking, bubbling, or cracked paint), a...

Adhesion mechanisms of bituminous crack sealant to aggregate and laboratory test development

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hajialiakbari Fini, Elham

Crack sealing is a common pavement maintenance treatment because it extends pavement service life. However, crack sealant often fails prematurely due to a loss of adhesion. Since current test methods are mostly empirical and only provide a qualitative measure of bond strength, they cannot predict sealant adhesive failure accurately. Hence, there is an urgent need for test methods based on bituminous sealant rheology that can better predict sealant field performance. This study introduces three laboratory tests aimed to assess the bond property of hot-poured crack sealant to pavement crack walls. The three tests are designed to serve the respective needs of producers, engineers, and researchers. The first test implements the principle of surface energy to measure the thermodynamic work of adhesion, which is the energy spent in separating the two materials at the interface. The work of adhesion is reported as a measure of material compatibility at an interface. The second test is a direct adhesion test, a mechanical test which is designed to closely resemble both the installation process and the crack expansion due to thermal loading. This test uses the Direct Tension Test (DTT) device. The principle of the test is to apply a tensile force to detach the sealant from its aggregate counterpart. The maximum load, Pmax, and the energy to separation, E, are calculated and reported to indicate interface bonding. The third test implements the principles of fracture mechanics in a pressurized circular blister test. The apparatus is specifically designed to conduct the test for bituminous crack sealant, asphalt binder, or other bitumen-based materials. In this test, a fluid is injected at a constant rate at the interface between the substrate (aggregate or a standard material) and the adhesive (crack sealant) to create a blister. The fluid pressure and blister height are measured as functions of time; the data is used to calculate Interfacial Fracture Energy (IFE), which is a fundamental property that can be used to predict adhesion. The stable interface debonding process makes this test attractive. This test also may be used to estimate the optimum annealing time, and to quantify other interface characteristics, such as the moisture susceptibility of a bond. In addition, the elastic modulus of the sealant and its residual stresses can be determined analytically. While the direct adhesion test is proposed as part of newly-developed performance-based guidelines for the selection of hot-poured crack sealant, the blister test may be used to estimate the optimum annealing time, in addition to IFE determination.

Children with Rare Chronic Skin Diseases: Hemangiomas and Epidermolysis Bullosa.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jones, Sheila Dove; Miller, Cynthia Dieterich

The paper reports on studies involving children having the rare chronic skin diseases of hemangiomas and epidermolysis bullosa (characterized by easy blistering). One study compared the self-concept and psychosocial development of young (mean age 46 months) children (N=19) with hemangiomas with 19 children without hemangiomas. Findings indicated…

Restoring of white pine in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan

Treesearch

Michael E. Ostry

2000-01-01

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch) (WPBR) was discovered on Ribes L. in New York in 1906, although it was accidentially introduced from Europe on pine (Pinus L.) seedlings. The spread of this destructive fungus has changed the focus in North America. After decades of reduced planting...

Staying Up in a Down Economy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pulley, John

2009-01-01

The fundraising landscape has been blistered by stock-market meltdowns and a financial sector that has repeatedly erupted in flames. In turn, the environment for development has turned icy, cooled by frozen credit markets and chilly consumer confidence. It is ragged, unstable terrain. Fundraisers, the ground moving beneath them, are unsure of…

19 CFR 10.539 - Retail packaging materials and containers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...-Singapore Free Trade Agreement Rules of Origin § 10.539 Retail packaging materials and containers. Packaging... requirement. The United States importer of good C decides to use the build-down method, RVC=((AV−VNM)/AV... content requirement. In applying this method, the non-originating blister packages are taken into account...

Distribution of bark beetle attacks after whitebark pine restoration treatments: A case study

Treesearch

Kristen M. Waring; Diana L. Six

2005-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.), an important component of high elevation ecosystems in the western United States and Canada, is declining due to fire exclusion, white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch.), and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins). This study was...

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, on Pedicularis bracteosa

Treesearch

P. J. Zambino; B. A. Richardson; G. I. McDonald

2007-01-01

Until recently, Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. was thought to utilize only Ribes spp. (Grossulariaceae) as telial hosts in North America. During 2004, Pedicularis racemosa Dougl. ex Benth. and Castilleja miniata Dougl. (Orobanchaceae) were proven as natural telial hosts at a subalpine site (48...

78 FR 26784 - David Freeman: Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-08

... blister packs on which was written ``Omega Biotech LTD.'' Mr. Freeman and his co-defendant, Mr. Ashley... Corporation nor Omega Biotech LTD. were registered to manufacture, prepare, propagate, compound, or process... the Division of Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. Dated: April 3...

78 FR 25456 - Ashley Brandon Foyle: Debarment Order

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-05-01

... pills were in blister packs on which was written ``Omega Biotech LTD.'' Mr. Foyle and his co-defendant... Trading Corporation nor Omega Biotech LTD. were registered to manufacture, prepare, propagate, compound... Dockets Management between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m., Monday through Friday. Dated: April 3, 2013. Melinda K...

Effects of Sulfur Mustard on Intracellular Calcium and Synthesis of Basement Membrane Zone Proteins in Human Skin

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-08-04

development of blisters. They postulated that DNA single strand breaks (SSB) due to spontaneous or enzymatically induced depurination of alkylated DNA ... bases activate the chromosomal enzyme poly(ADP-ribose)transferase (PADPRT). The latter would deplete cellular NAD÷ pools. In literature, this

Geographic patterns of genetic variation and population structure in Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Pinus aristata Engelm., Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow core geographic and elevational distribution, occurs in disjunct populations and is threatened by multiple stresses, including rapid climate change, white pine blister rust, and bark beetles. Knowledge of genetic diversity and pop...

A holistic approach to genetic conservation of Pinus strobiformis

Treesearch

K.M. Waring; R. Sniezko; B.A. Goodrich; C. Wehenkel; J.J. Jacobs

2017-01-01

Pinus strobiformis (southwestern white pine) is threatened by both a rapidly changing climate and the tree disease white pine blister rust, caused by an introduced fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola. We began a proactive program in ~2009 to sustain P. strobiformis that includes genetic conservation, research, and management strategies. Research...

7. VIEW OF ESCAPE TRAINING TANK, LOOKING UP SOUTH SIDE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF ESCAPE TRAINING TANK, LOOKING UP SOUTH SIDE FROM 50-FOOT PASSAGEWAY, SHOWING 25-FOOT BLISTER AT LEFT, 18-FOOT PASSAGEWAY AND PLATFORM AT RIGHT - U.S. Naval Submarine Base, New London Submarine Escape Training Tank, Albacore & Darter Roads, Groton, New London County, CT

Validation of serine-threonine protein phosphatase as the herbicide target site of endothall

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Endothall, an older commercial herbicide, and cantharidin, a natural product from the blister beetle (Epicauta spp.), are close chemical analogues. A comparison of the effect of endothall and cantharidin on plants revealed a similarity in their level of phytotoxicity on both Arabidopsis thaliana an...

Opinion: Wilderness Medicine - What It Is and Why We Need It.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tilton, Buck

1987-01-01

Discloses need for emergency medical procedures to deal with long-term patient care in remote geographical areas. Urges development of new ethics and expertise to address unique problems of wilderness emergency medicine regarding improvisation, environmental hazards, rescue techniques, common wilderness medical problems (diarrhea, blisters,…

7 CFR 51.1319 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...-fourths inch in diameter. 2 (2) Hail marks or other similar depressions or scars which are not very...) Cork spot when a pear shows depressions or the flesh of the pear is more than slightly affected. (4... depressions, or any stings which materially affect the general appearance of the fruit. (6) Blister mite or...

7 CFR 51.1319 - Injury.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...-fourths inch in diameter. 2 (2) Hail marks or other similar depressions or scars which are not very...) Cork spot when a pear shows depressions or the flesh of the pear is more than slightly affected. (4... depressions, or any stings which materially affect the general appearance of the fruit. (6) Blister mite or...

Chemical Blistering: Cellular and Macromolecular Components

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-11-15

accumulation of fluid appears to Sbe secondary to fundamental damage to cellular structures (1). As noted by Warthin and Weller (2) and by Sinclair (3...Medicine. fT. P. Fitzpatrick, A. Z. Eisen, K. Wolff, I. M. Freedberg and K. F. Austen, Eds.) McGraw-Hill, New York, pp. 287-294). 2.’ Warthin , A. S., and

Chemical Blistering: Cellular and Macromolecular Components

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-15

minutes of exposure. Warthin and Weller (2) and Sinclslr (3) noted that the process initially involves dostrurtion of the bezel and lower spinous...Clark, W. H., Jr., Risen, A. Z., Van Scott, R. J., and Vaughan, J. H., ads) McGraw-Hill, New York, pp.589-598. 2. Warthin , A. S., and Weller, C. V

78 FR 68076 - Request for Information on Alternative Skin Sensitization Test Methods and Testing Strategies and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-11-13

... INFORMATION: Background: Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD), a skin reaction characterized by localized redness, swelling, blistering, or itching after direct contact with a skin allergen, is an important public health.... Web site: http://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/niceatm . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Dr. Warren S. Casey...

Tracking the footsteps of an invasive plant pathogen: Intercontinental phylogeographic structure of the white-pine-blister-rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Bryce A. Richardson; Mee-Sook Kim; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Yuko Ota; Kwan Soo Woo; Richard C. Hamelin

2009-01-01

Presently, little is known about the worldwide genetic structure, diversity, or evolutionary relationships of the white-pineblister-rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola. A collaborative international effort is underway to determine the phylogeographic relationships among Asian, European, and North American sources of C. ribicola and...

Pedicularis and Castilleja are natural hosts of Cronartium ribicola in North America: A first report

Treesearch

Geral I. McDonald; Bryce A. Richardson; Paul J. Zambino; Ned B. Klopfenstein; Mee-Sook Kim

2006-01-01

White pine blister rust disease, caused by the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola, has severely disrupted five-needled pine ecosystems in North America. A 100-year effort to manage this disease was predicated in part on the premise that the pathogen utilizes only species of Ribes (Grossulariaceae) as...

Restoring whitebark pine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, USA

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; Russell A. Parsons

2010-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) has been declining across much of its range in North America because of the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) epidemics, fire exclusion policies, and widespread exotic blister rust infections. Whitebark pine seed is dispersed by a bird, the Clark's nutcracker (Nucifraga columbiana), which caches in...

Health of whitebark pine forests after mountain pine beetle outbreaks

Treesearch

Sandra Kegley; John Schwandt; Ken Gibson; Dana Perkins

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), a keystone high-elevation species, is currently at risk due to a combination of white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola), forest succession, and outbreaks of mountain pine beetle (MPB) (Dendroctonus ponderosae). While recent mortality is often quantified by aerial detection surveys (ADS) or ground surveys, little...

[Kindler syndrome: presentation of a case].

PubMed

Mallo, Susana; Rodríguez-Díaz, Eloy; Blanco, Susana; Alvarez-Cuesta, César; Galache, Cristina; Nosti, Dolores

2005-12-01

Kindler syndrome is a very rare disease caused by mutations resulting in defects in the extracellular matrix-actin link. It usually presents with acral blistering from birth in trauma-prone areas, pronounced photosensitivity that improves with age and the development of poikiloderma and cutaneous atrophy. Mucosal involvement and degeneration have been described with relative frequency.

Whitebark pine direct seeding trials in the Pacific Northwest

Treesearch

John Schwandt; Kristen Chadwick; Holly Kearns; Chris Jensen

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a critical species in many high elevation ecosystems and is currently in serious decline due to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and competition from other species (Schwandt 2006; Tomback and Achuff 2010; Tomback and others 2001). Many areas needing restoration are very...

Limber pine health survey in the Rocky Mountains and North Dakota

Treesearch

James T. Blodgett; Kelly S. Burns; Brian Howell; Marcus Jackson; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle

2010-01-01

Limber pines are widely distributed across the Rocky Mountains and are especially important because of their unique cultural and ecological characteristics. Recent surveys have suggested that significant ecological impacts are occurring as a result of white pine blister rust (WPBR) and other damaging agents. Additionally, several new WPBR infestations have...

3 Crucial Behaviors for Successfully Leading Innovation. White Paper

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Michael T.

2017-01-01

Does innovation matter? In a 2015 survey, the authors asked the Center for Creative Leadership (CCL®) clients about innovation. Not surprisingly, nearly all of them--94%--said that innovation is important. People are living in a time when technology is advancing at a blistering pace, creating new possibilities for individuals and organizations…

Southern Appalachian White Pine Plantations Site, volume, and yield

Treesearch

John P. Vimmerstedt

1962-01-01

In the early 1930's several publications focused attention on the desirable characteristics of eastern white pine (Pinus strobus L. ) growing in the Southern Appalachians. In 1932 Copea reported on the excellent growth of natural and planted stands and their relative freedom from blister rust and white pine weevil. After an extensive survey he...

The importance of wilderness to whitebark pine research and management

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane

2000-01-01

Whitebark pine is a keystone species in upper subalpine forests of the northern Rocky Mountains, Cascades, and Sierra Nevada that has been declining because of recent mountain pine beetle and exotic blister rust epidemics, coupled with advancing succession resulting from fire exclusion. Whitebark pine and Wilderness have a mutually beneficial relationship because 1)...

7 CFR 51.1323 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... sprayburn of a russet character shall be considered under the definition of russeting. (7) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three healed codling moth stings, of which not more than two may be over three thirty...) Blister mite or canker worm injury which affects an aggregate area of more than three-fourths inch in...

7 CFR 51.1323 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... sprayburn of a russet character shall be considered under the definition of russeting. (7) Insects: (i) Worm holes. More than three healed codling moth stings, of which not more than two may be over three thirty...) Blister mite or canker worm injury which affects an aggregate area of more than three-fourths inch in...

Monitoring limber pine health in the Rocky Mountains and North Dakota

Treesearch

Kelly Burns; Jim Blodgett; Marcus Jackson; Brian Howell; William Jacobi; Anna Schoettle; Anne Marie Casper; Jennifer Klutsch

2011-01-01

Ecological impacts are occurring as white pine blister rust spreads and intensifies through ecologically and culturally important limber pine ecosystems of the Rocky Mountains and surrounding areas. The imminent threat of mountain pine beetle has heightened concerns. Therefore, information on the health status of limber pine is needed to facilitate management and...

Restoring whitebark pine ecosystems in the face of climate change

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; Lisa M. Holsinger; Mary F. Mahalovich; Diana F. Tomback

2017-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) forests have been declining throughout their range in western North America from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the exotic disease white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola). Projected warming and drying trends in climate may exacerbate this decline;...

78 FR 2416 - Notice of Issuance of Final Determination Concerning Rybix® (Tramadol Hydrochloride) Tablets

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-11

... for the management of moderate to moderately severe pain in adults. The active pharmaceutical... fiberboard drums. The fourth stage of French manufacturing is packaging in child- resistant blister packs...) in the case of an article which consists in whole or in part of materials from another country or...

The effects of seed source health on whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) regeneration density after wildfire

Treesearch

Signe B. Leirfallom; Robert E. Keane; Diana F. Tomback; Solomon Z. Dobrowski

2015-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis Engelm.) populations are declining nearly rangewide from a combination of factors, including mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins, 1902) outbreaks, the exotic pathogen Cronartium ribicola J.C. Fisch. 1872, which causes the disease white pine blister rust, and successional replacement due to historical fire...

War in the Falklands: Perspectives on British Strategy and Use of Air Power

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-04-01

members of Parliament (MPs). This coalition, known by several names including the "Falkland Islands Committee" (38:46) and the "Falkland Islands Pressure ... Group " (16:90), forged an effective lobby characterized by prepared press reports and blistering attacks by MPs against government speakers in both

Re-measurement of whitebark pine infection and mortality in the Canadian Rockies

Treesearch

Cyndi M. Smith; Brenda Shepherd; Cameron Gillies; Jon Stuart-Smith

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) populations are under threat across the species' range from white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), fire exclusion and climate change (Tomback and Achuff 2010). Loss of whitebark pine is predicted to have cascading effects on the following ecological services: provision of...

After 100 years, is coevolution relevant?

Treesearch

Geral I. McDonald

2011-01-01

On the 100th anniversary of the introduction of Cronartium ribicola into western North America, it is fitting to assess the philosophical foundation of plant pathology and forest ecology. We should ask whether this foundation provides sufficient understanding of blister rust, other diseases of North American forests, and general forest ecology to insure the application...

Whitebark and limber pine restoration and monitoring in Glacier National Park

Treesearch

Jennifer M. Asebrook; Joyce Lapp; Tara. Carolin

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) and limber pine (Pinus flexilis) are keystone species important to watersheds, grizzly and black bears, squirrels, birds, and other wildlife. Both high elevation five-needled pines have dramatically declined in Glacier National Park primarily due to white pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) and fire exclusion, with mountain pine...

[Forensic-medical diagnostics of an electrical mark resulting from the injury inflicted by technical electricity in the aqueous environment].

PubMed

Pigolkin, Iu I; Skovorodnikov, S V; Dubrovin, I A

2014-01-01

The objective of the present study was to develop the criteria for forensic-medical diagnostics of an electrical injury inflicted in the aqueous environment based on the characteristics of the electrical mark. The specific morphological features of the electrical injuries inflicted in the aqueous environment that were discovered in the materials available for the forensic medical expertise were analysed taking into consideration the results of the relevant research reported in the forensic medical literature. It was shown that an electrical injury inflicted in the aqueous environment results in the formation of an unusual mark in the form of blisters containing no watery liquid associated with electrogenic oedema in the surrounding tissues. Macroscopic and microscopic studies of the electrical mark failed to reveal the signs of grade III and IV grade thermal burning or thermally affected hair. It is concluded that the consistent characteristics of the electrical mark resulting from the injury inflicted by technical electricity in the aqueous environment include cell lengthening, blister formation inside the corneal layer, and the separation of epidermis from the skin proper.

Radiation Stability of Triple Coatings Based on Transition-Metal Nitrides Under Irradiation By Alpha Particles and Argon Ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Potekaev, A. I.; Kislitsyn, S. B.; Uglov, V. V.; Klopotov, A. A.; Gorlachev, I. D.; Klopotov, V. D.; Grinkevich, L. S.

2016-05-01

The data on the influence of irradiation of (Ti, Cr)N1-x coatings by helium and argon ions on their surface structure are presented. The (Ti, Cr)N1-x coatings 50-300 nm in thickness were formed on carbon steel substrates by vacuum-arc deposition. Irradiation of the coated specimens was performed in a DC-60 heavy-ion accelerator by low-energy 4He+1, 4He+2 and 40Ar5+ ions and high-energy 40Ar5+ ions up to the fluence 1.0·1017 ion/cm2 at the irradiation temperature not higher than 150°C. It is shown that irradiation of the (Ti, Cr)N1-x coating surface by 4He+1, 4He+2 and 40Ar5+ ions with the energy 20 keV/charge does not give rise to any noticeable structural changes nor any surface blistering, while its irradiation by 40Ar5+ ions with the energy 1.50 MeV/amu causes blistering.

Nanoscale deformations in graphene by laser annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Coleman, Christopher; Erasmus, Rudolph; Bhattacharyya, Somnath

2016-12-01

We investigate a method of inducing nano to micron scale strained regions in graphene using a laser treatment monitored by Raman spectroscopy. The Raman G-peak of the strained region shows a splitting and redshift for graphene exposed to a laser power density above a certain threshold limit (20 mW). We also note blue-shifting of the positions of both Raman D and 2D-peaks and the decrease of both their intensities relative to the G-peak with increasing laser power. These features correspond to p-type doping effects that are believed to be caused by gas adsorbates released from the substrate during the laser treatment. The induced strain is verified by AFM analysis, which shows the blister-like deformations of the treated area and the corresponding strength of the induced gauge fields in the deformed region. We find that, depending on the exact size and geometry of the blisters, the gauge fields can range between 0.4 mT and 300 T. This laser treatment procedure establishes an effective method for the local deformation and doping of graphene, which may be useful for strain engineering in device fabrication.

A novel autosomal partially dominant mutation designated G476D in the keratin 5 gene causing epidermolysis bullosa simplex Weber-Cockayne type: a family study with a genetic twist.

PubMed

Kowalewski, Cezary; Hamada, Takahiro; Wozniak, Katarzyna; Kawano, Yuko; Szczecinska, Weronika; Yasumoto, Shinichiro; Schwartz, Robert A; Hashimoto, Takashi

2007-07-01

Epidermolysis bullosa simplex Weber-Cockayne type (EBS-WC) is a genetically inherited skin disease characterized by blistering restricted to the palms and soles. Its inheritance in nearly all kindreds is caused by a dominant-negative mutation in either KRT5 or KRT14, the genes encoding keratin 5 and keratin 14 proteins, respectively. Rarely, recessive mutations have also been found. We described a family with EBS-WC caused by a novel autosomal dominant mutation (G476D) in the keratin 5 gene. One family member was first seen with mucosal erosions and generalized blisters localized on the anogenital area, trunk, face and sites of mechanical trauma. Molecular analysis in this patient showed the presence of an additional mutation, an autosomal recessive (G183E) one, in the same gene. This observation suggests an additional effect of a recessively inherited mutation modulating the phenotypic expression of EBS caused by a partially dominant mutation and is important for accurate genetic counseling.

Glacial uplift: fluid injection beneath an elastic sheet on a poroelastic substrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neufeld, Jerome; Hewitt, Duncan; Chini, Greg

2016-11-01

Supraglacial lakes can drain to the base of glaciers extremely rapidly, causing localised uplift of the surrounding glacier and affecting its sliding velocity. The means by which large volumes of drained water interact with and leak into the subglacial hydrological system is unclear, as is the role of the basal till. A theoretical study of the spread of fluid injected below an elastic sheet (the ice) is presented, where the ice lies above, and initially compresses, a deformable poroelastic layer. As pressurized fluid is injected, the deformable layer swells to accommodate more fluid. If sufficient fluid is injected, a 'blister' of fluid forms above the layer, causing the overburden to lift off the base. The flow is controlled by the local pressure drop across the tip of this blister, which depends subtly on both the flow of fluid through the porous layer below the tip, and on poroelastic deformation in the till ahead of the tip. The spreading behaviour and dependence on key parameters is analysed. Predictions of the model are compared to field measurements of uplift from draining glacial lakes in Greenland.

The effect of 2 adhesive products on skin integrity used for fixation of hip and knee surgical dressings: a randomized controlled trial.

PubMed

Ter, Nergiz; Yavuz, Meryem; Aydoğdu, Semih; Kaya Biçer, Elcil

2015-01-01

The aim of this study was to compare effects of 2 adhesive products, a nonwoven porous adhesive bandage (NPAB) and transparent film adhesive bandage (TFAB), on skin integrity for fixation of hip and knee surgical dressings. A prospective, randomized study was conducted on 300 patients who underwent hip and knee surgery (arthroplasty, fixation of fractures, tumor operations, etc). Participants were randomized into 2 equal groups according to the applied surgical dressing fixation product (NPAB or TFAB). Skin changes (edema, erythema, blister, peeling of blister, mechanical peeling, and maceration), drying of incision, serous discharge, and early infection symptoms were evaluated. The skin integrity was found to be impaired in 4.0% (n = 6) of the 150 NPAB patients and in 10.7% (n = 16) of the 150 TFAB patients (P = .02). Logistic regression analysis showed that the risk of impaired skin integrity increased 2.5-fold when TFAB was applied (P = .03). The NPAB was associated with a reduced likelihood of impaired skin integrity following hip and knee surgery.

Leg amputation and dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa: A case report with 15 years of follow-up.

PubMed

Thevenon, André; Preud'homme, Marguerite; Patenotre, Philippe; Catteau, Benoit; Blanchard-Dauphin, Anne; Wieczorek, Valérie; Tiffreau, Vincent

2016-10-12

Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is a rare disease characterized by widespread blistering of the skin and mucous membranes, which may ultimately prompt limb amputation. In this context, the outcome of fitting a prosthesis to a chronically wounded stump is not well known. Our patient's experience (with 15 years of follow-up) should contribute to better knowledge of this topic. A 37-year-old man presented with severe dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa. Recurrent skin carcinoma had led to an amputation below the knee. Despite incessant development of blisters on the stump and the need for wound dressing and padding, the patient has been able to walk freely with a prosthesis and a cane. A large number of skin sarcomas were excised over the 15-year period of prosthesis use. Two falls have resulted in limb fractures. A new sarcoma on the stump marked the end of the use of the prosthesis. Despite the constant presence of wounds on the stump, amputees with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa can successfully be fitted with a prosthesis.

Previously misdiagnosed linear IgA dermatosis resolved with dapsone.

PubMed

Tieppo Francio, Vinicius; Towery, Chris; Davani, Saeid; Allen, Travis; Brown, Tony L

2018-04-25

This is the case of a 25-year-old African American woman with a 3-week history of itching with burning, blistering lesions on her torso and extremities. Medical history was unremarkable. Medical treatments included three visits to urgent care, where she was treated with antivirals, oral and topical steroids, antibiotics and antifungals unsuccessfully. We performed a skin biopsy, and immunoflorescent studies revealed a linear deposition of IgA antigen at the basement membrane. The clinical diagnosis of linear IgA dermatosis (LAD) was established, with no eliciting cause, other than potential occupational exposure to Chlamydophila psittaci via her employment in a pet store. This is the first case to our knowledge to report such an association. However, confirmation of the exposure would only establish correlation, not causality. Resolution of symptoms and blisters was achieved with dapsone treatment. Accordingly, we highlight the crucial importance of reviewing exposures, along with the potential aetiology of LAD. © BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2018. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.

Post-partum streptococcal toxic shock syndrome associated with necrotizing fasciitis.

PubMed

Chua, Wei Chuan; Mazlan, Mohd Zulfakar; Ali, Saedah; Che Omar, Sanihah; Wan Hassan, Wan Mohd Nazaruddin; Seevaunnantum, S Praveena; Mohd Zaini, Rhendra Hardy; Hassan, Mohd Hasyizan; Muhd Besari, Alwi; Abd Rahman, Zaidah; Salmuna Ayub, Zeti Norfidiyati; Abd Ghani, Sabrina; Yaacob, Normalinda; Wan Rosli, Wan Rosilawati

2017-01-01

We report a fatal case of post-partum streptococcal toxic shock syndrome in a patient who was previously healthy and had presented to the emergency department with an extensive blistering ecchymotic lesions over her right buttock and thigh associated with severe pain. The pregnancy had been uncomplicated, and the mode of delivery had been spontaneous vaginal delivery with an episiotomy. She was found to have septicemic shock requiring high inotropic support. Subsequently, she was treated for necrotizing fasciitis, complicated by septicemic shock and multiple organ failures. A consensus was reached for extensive wound debridement to remove the source of infection; however, this approach was abandoned due to the patient's hemodynamic instability and the extremely high risks of surgery. Both the high vaginal swab and blister fluid culture revealed Group A beta hemolytic streptococcus infection. Intravenous carbapenem in combination with clindamycin was given. Other strategies attempted for streptococcal toxic removal included continuous veno-venous hemofiltration and administration of intravenous immunoglobulin. Unfortunately, the patient's condition worsened, and she succumbed to death on day 7 of hospitalization.

Flow cytometric analysis of skin blister fluid induced by mosquito bites in a patient with chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection.

PubMed

Wada, Taizo; Yokoyama, Tadafumi; Nakagawa, Hiroyasu; Asai, Erika; Toga, Akiko; Sakakibara, Yasuhisa; Shibata, Fumie; Tone, Yumi; Shimizu, Masaki; Toma, Tomoko; Yachie, Akihiro

2009-12-01

In chronic active Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection (CAEBV), ectopic EBV infection has been described in T or natural killer (NK) cells. NK cell-type infection (NK-CAEBV) is characterized by large granular lymphocytosis, high IgE levels and unusual reactions to mosquito bites, including severe local skin reactions, fever and liver dysfunction. However, the mechanisms underlying these reactions remain undetermined. Herein, we describe a patient with NK-CAEBV whose blister fluid after mosquito bites was analyzed. The patient exhibited significant increases in the percentage of CD56(+) NK cells in the fluid compared with a simple mosquito allergy, in which the majority of infiltrated cells were CD203c(+) cells, indicating basophils and/or mast cells. His fluid also contained CD203c(+) cells, and his circulating basophils were activated by mosquito extracts in vitro. These results suggest that CD203c(+) cells as well as NK cells may play pathogenic roles in the severe skin reactions to mosquito bites in NK-CAEBV.

Mustard vesicating agent-induced toxicity in the skin tissue and silibinin as a potential countermeasure.

PubMed

Tewari-Singh, Neera; Agarwal, Rajesh

2016-06-01

Exposure to the vesicating agents sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with delayed blistering. Depending upon the dose and time of their exposure, edema and erythema develop into blisters, ulceration, necrosis, desquamation, and pigmentation changes, which persist weeks and even years after exposure. Research advances have generated data that have started to explain the probable mechanism of action of vesicant-induced skin toxicity; however, despite these advances, effective and targeted therapies are still deficient. This review highlights studies on two SM analogs, 2-chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and NM, and CEES- and NM-induced skin injury mouse models that have substantially added to the knowledge on the complex pathways involved in mustard vesicating agent-induced skin injury. Furthermore, employing these mouse models, studies under the National Institutes of Health Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats program have identified the flavanone silibinin as a novel therapeutic intervention with the potential to be developed as an effective countermeasure against skin injury following exposure to mustard vesicating agents. © 2016 New York Academy of Sciences.

Mustard vesicating agents–induced toxicity in the skin tissue and silibinin as a potential countermeasure

PubMed Central

Tewari-Singh, Neera; Agarwal, Rajesh

2016-01-01

Exposure to the vesicating agents sulfur mustard (SM) and nitrogen mustard (NM) causes severe skin injury with delayed blistering. Depending upon the dose and time of their exposure, edema and erythema develop into blisters, ulceration, necrosis, desquamation, and pigmentation changes, which persist weeks and even years after exposure. Research advances have generated data that have started to explain the probable mechanism of action of vesicant-induced skin toxicity; however, despite these advances, effective and targeted therapies are still deficient. This review highlights studies on two SM analogs, chloroethyl ethyl sulfide (CEES) and NM, and CEES- and NM-induced skin injury mouse models that have substantially added to the knowledge on the complex pathways involved in mustard vesicating agent–induced skin injury. Furthermore, employing these mouse models, studies under the National Institutes of Health Countermeasures Against Chemical Threats program have identified the flavanone silibinin as a novel therapeutic intervention with the potential to be developed as an effective countermeasure against skin injury following exposure to mustard vesicating agents. PMID:27326543

The overload at work and outside of work: the case of woman operators of blistering.

PubMed

Simões, Raoni Rocha; Figueiredo, Vitor Guilherme Carneiro

2012-01-01

The internationalization of labor is a prominent feature of the economy today, but is accompanied by adverse effects on operator health. In general, musculoskeletal diseases are the first to appear in this context. The open observations activity and interviews with operators and the hierarchy have been made to discover the organizational constraints. Other interviews were also conducted to account for the determinants of activity outside of work. The use of video has allowed the registration of work cycles, which helped to describe and quantify the postures and gestures to establish a possible link between musculoskeletal diseases and work activity. The collected data were processed using software Actogram Kronos. To understand the process of origin of these diseases, the analysis of the socioeconomic context is also essential because they in part determine the organization of certain companies. The objective of this paper was to discuss the activities of operators of blistering in both work and outside work. The goal is to determine the constraints presents in these two spheres of activity, that may increase the risk of developing musculoskeletal diseases and to define their interaction.

Wavelet data analysis of micro-Raman spectra for follow-up monitoring in oral pathologies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Camerlingo, C.; Zenone, F.; Perna, G.; Capozzi, V.; Cirillo, N.; Gaeta, G. M.; Lepore, M.

2008-02-01

A wavelet multi-component decomposition algorithm has been used for data analysis of micro-Raman spectra from human biological samples. In particular, measurements have been performed on some samples of oral tissue and blood serum from patients affected by pemphigus vulgaris at different stages. Pemphigus is a chronic, autoimmune, blistering disease of the skin and mucous membranes with a potentially fatal outcome. The disease is characterized histologically by intradermal blisters and immunopathologically by the finding of tissue bound and circulating immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody directed against the cell surface of keratinocytes. More than 150 spectra were measured by means of a Raman confocal microspectrometer apparatus using the 632.8 nm line of a He-Ne laser source. A discrete wavelet transform decomposition method has been applied to the recorded Raman spectra in order to overcome related to low-level signals and the presence of noise and background components due to light scattering and fluorescence. The results indicate that appropriate data processing can contribute to enlarge the medical applications of micro-Raman spectroscopy.

Fatigue and creep to leak tests of proton exchange membranes using pressure-loaded blisters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Yongqiang; Dillard, David A.; Case, Scott W.; Ellis, Michael W.; Lai, Yeh-Hung; Gittleman, Craig S.; Miller, Daniel P.

In this study, three commercially available proton exchange membranes (PEMs) are biaxially tested using pressure-loaded blisters to characterize their resistance to gas leakage under either static (creep) or cyclic fatigue loading. The pressurizing medium, air, is directly used for leak detection. These tests are believed to be more relevant to fuel cell applications than quasi-static uniaxial tensile-to-rupture tests because of the use of biaxial cyclic and sustained loading and the use of gas leakage as the failure criterion. They also have advantages over relative humidity cycling test, in which a bare PEM or catalyst coated membrane is clamped with gas diffusion media and flow field plates and subjected to cyclic changes in relative humidity, because of the flexibility in allowing controlled mechanical loading and accelerated testing. Nafion ® NRE-211 membranes are tested at three different temperatures and the time-temperature superposition principle is used to construct stress-lifetime master curve. Tested at 90 °C, 2%RH extruded Ion Power ® N111-IP membranes have a longer lifetime than Gore™-Select ® 57 and Nafion ® NRE-211 membranes.

Utilization of Pipeline embolization device for treatment of ruptured intracranial aneurysms: US multicenter experience.

PubMed

Lin, Ning; Brouillard, Adam M; Keigher, Kiffon M; Lopes, Demetrius K; Binning, Mandy J; Liebman, Kenneth M; Veznedaroglu, Erol; Magarik, Jordan A; Mocco, J; Duckworth, Edward A; Arthur, Adam S; Ringer, Andrew J; Snyder, Kenneth V; Levy, Elad I; Siddiqui, Adnan H

2015-11-01

Utilization of the Pipeline embolization device (PED) in complex ruptured aneurysms has not been well studied. We evaluated the safety and effectiveness data from five participating US centers. Records of patients with ruptured cerebral aneurysms who underwent PED treatment between 2011 and 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. 26 patients with ruptured aneurysms underwent PED treatment (mean age 51.4 ± 13.2 years;16 women). At presentation, 8 patients (30.8%) had a Hunt-Hess grade of IV or above; 11 required extraventricular drain placement. Aneurysm morphologies were: 8 dissecting, 8 blister-like, 6 fusiform, and 4 saccular. There were 22 anterior circulation and 4 posterior circulation aneurysms. PED deployment was successful in all patients, with adjunctive coiling utilized in 12. Periprocedural complications occurred in 5 (19.2%), including 3 inhospital deaths. 23 patients (88.5%) had postoperative angiography at a mean of 5.9 months: 18 aneurysms (78.3%) were completely occluded, 3 (13.0%) had residual neck filling, and 2 (8.7%) had residual dome filling. All blister-type aneurysms were completely occluded at follow-up. Clinical follow-up was available for an average of 10.1 months (range 2-21 months), with one asymptomatic in-stent stenosis and one asymptomatic thromboembolic stroke noted. Good outcome (modified Rankin Scale (mRS) score of 0-2) was achieved in 20 patients (76.9%), fair (mRS 3-4) in 3 (11.5%), and 3 died (11.5%). The PED can be utilized for ruptured aneurysms and is a good option for blister-type aneurysms. However, due to periprocedural complications, it should be reserved for lesions that are difficult to treat by conventional clipping or coiling. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://group.bmj.com/group/rights-licensing/permissions.

Inflammation in complex regional pain syndrome

PubMed Central

Parkitny, Luke; McAuley, James H.; Di Pietro, Flavia; Stanton, Tasha R.; O’Connell, Neil E.; Marinus, Johan; van Hilten, Jacobus J.

2013-01-01

Objectives: We conducted a systematic review of the literature with meta-analysis to determine whether complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is associated with a specific inflammatory profile and whether this is dependent on the duration of the condition. Methods: Comprehensive searches of the literature using MEDLINE, Embase, Scopus, Web of Science, and reference lists from published reviews identified articles that measured inflammatory factors in CRPS. Two independent investigators screened titles and abstracts, and performed data extraction and risk of bias assessments. Studies were subgrouped by medium (blood, blister fluid, and CSF) and duration (acute and chronic CRPS). Where possible, meta-analyses of inflammatory factor concentrations were performed and pooled effect sizes were calculated using random-effects models. Results: Twenty-two studies were included in the systematic review and 15 in the meta-analysis. In acute CRPS, the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-8 and soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors I (sTNF-RI) and II (sTNF-RII) were significantly increased in blood. In chronic CRPS, significant increases were found in 1) TNFα, bradykinin, sIL-1RI, IL-1Ra, IL-2, sIL-2Ra, IL-4, IL-7, interferon-γ, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and sRAGE (soluble receptor for advanced glycation end products) in blood; 2) IL-1Ra, MCP-1, MIP-1β, and IL-6 in blister fluid; and 3) IL-1β and IL-6 in CSF. Chronic CRPS was also associated with significantly decreased 1) substance P, sE-selectin, sL-selectin, sP-selectin, and sGP130 in blood; and 2) soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) in CSF. Most studies failed to meet 3 or more of our quality criteria. Conclusion: CRPS is associated with the presence of a proinflammatory state in the blood, blister fluid, and CSF. Different inflammatory profiles were found for acute and chronic cases. PMID:23267031

The Burn Wound Exudate – an under-utilized resource

PubMed Central

Widgerow, Alan D; King, Kassandra; Tussardi, Ilaria Tocco; Banyard, Derek A.; Chiang, Ryan; Awad, Antony; Afzel, Hassan; Bhatnager, Shweta; Melkumyan, Satenik; Wirth, Garrett; Evans, Gregory R.D

2014-01-01

Introduction The burn wound exudate represents the burn tissue microenvironment. Extracting information from the exudate relating to cellular components, signaling mediators and protein content can provide much needed data relating to the local tissue damage, depth of the wound and probable systemic complications. This review examines the scientific data extracted from burn wound exudates over the years and proposes new investigations that will provide useful information from this underutilized resource. Method A literature review was conducted using the electronic database PubMed to search for literature pertaining to burn wound or blister fluid analysis. Key words included burn exudate, blister fluid, wound exudate, cytokine burn fluid, subeschar fluid, cytokine burns, serum cytokines. 32 relevant article were examined and 29 selected as relevant to the review. 3 papers were discarded due to questionable methodology or conclusions. The reports were assessed for their affect on management decisions and diagnostics. Furthermore, traditional blood level analysis of these mediators was made to compare the accuracy of blood versus exudate in burn wound management. Extrapolations are made for new possibilities of burn wound exudate analysis. Results Studies pertaining to burn wound exudate, subeschar fluid and blister fluid analyses may have contributed to burn wound management decisions particularly related to escharectomies and early burn wound excision. In addition, information from these studies have the potential to impact on areas such as healing, scarring, burn wound conversion and burn wound depth analysis. Conclusion Burn wound exudate analysis has proven useful in burn wound management decisions. It appears to offer a far more accurate reflection of the burn wound pathophysiology than the traditional blood/serum investigations undertaken in the past. New approaches to diagnostics and treatment efficacy assessment are possible utilizing data from this fluid. Burn wound exudate is a useful, currently under-utilized resource that is likely to take a more prominent role in burn wound management. PMID:24986597

Tannic acid induces in vitro acantholysis of keratinocytes via IL-1alpha and TNF-alpha.

PubMed

Feliciani, C; Ruocco, E; Zampetti, A; Toto, P; Amerio, Pa; Tulli, A; Amerio, P; Ruocco, V

2007-01-01

The mechanism of acantholysis in pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an intriguing argument since several chemical mediators are implicated. We previously reported a central role for IL-1alpha and TNF- alpha, both able to regulate complement activation and plasminogen activators. Very little is known about what triggers the disease (drugs, viruses or food). In this study, we evaluate the molecular role of tannins in acantholysis. By HPLC chromatography we measured tannic acid (TA) and gallic acid (GA) in blister fluid of 4 groups of patients divided according to their dietary habits, including a regular diet, a diet rich in tannins, a diet free of tannins, and a group of pemphigus patients. Blister fluid was obtained from patients using a suction blister apparatus. We show that people with a diet rich in tannins have increased tannin metabolites (TA and GA) in the skin in respect to controls (tannin-rich diet: GA = 194.52+/-2.39 nmol/ml; TA = 348.28+/-1.4 nmol/ml versus tannin-Mediterranean diet: GA = 15.28+/-1.63 nmol/ml; TA = 22.81+/-1.68 nmol/ml). PV patients showed similar values to the Mediterranean diet population (PV patients: GA = 95.8+/-1.97 nmol/ml; TA = 199.09+/-4.15 nmol/ml versus Mediterranean diet: GA = 83.53+/-2.35 nmol/ml; TA = 195.1+/-2.50 nmol/ml). In an in vitro acantholysis system using TA and PV-IgG we show that TA 0.1 mM in NHEK culture is able to induce acantholysis. This effect was able to amplify the acantholytic action of PV-IgG in vitro. A blocking study using anti IL-1 alpha and anti TNF-alpha antibodies showed a reduction in TA-induced acantholysis. Taken together, these results suggest that a diet rich in tannins could be a trigger in genetically predisposed patients. If these data are confirmed, a complementary diet poor in tannins may be useful in patients affected by PV.

Instability of misoprostol tablets stored outside the blister: a potential serious concern for clinical outcome in medical abortion.

PubMed

Berard, Veronique; Fiala, Christian; Cameron, Sharon; Bombas, Teresa; Parachini, Mirella; Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina

2014-01-01

Misoprostol (Cytotec) is recognised to be effective for many gynaecological indications including termination of pregnancy, management of miscarriage and postpartum haemorrhage. Although not licensed for such indications, it has been used for these purposes by millions of women throughout the world. Misoprostol tablets are most often packaged as multiple tablets within an aluminium strip, each within an individual alveolus. When an alveolus is opened, tablets will be exposed to atmospheric conditions. To compare the pharmaco technical characteristics (weight, friability), water content, misoprostol content and decomposition product content (type A misoprostol, type B misoprostol and 8-epi misoprostol) of misoprostol tablets Cytotec (Pfizer) exposed to air for periods of 1 hour to 720 hours (30 days), to those of identical non exposed tablets. Four hundred and twenty (420) tablets of Cytotec (Pfizer) were removed from their alveoli blister and stored at 25°C/60% relative humidity. Water content, and misoprostol degradation products were assayed in tablets exposed from 1 to 720 hours (30 days). Comparison was made with control tablets (N=60) from the same batch stored in non-damaged blisters. Statistical analyses were carried out using Fisher's exact test for small sample sizes. By 48 hours, exposed tablets demonstrated increased weight (+4.5%), friability (+1 300%), and water content (+80%) compared to controls. Exposed tablets also exhibited a decrease in Cytotec active ingredient dosage (-5.1% after 48 hours) and an increase in the inactive degradation products (+25% for type B, +50% for type A and +11% for 8-epi misoprostol after 48 hours) compared to controls. Exposure of Cytotec tablets to 'typical' European levels of air and humidity results in significant time-dependent changes in physical and biological composition that could impact adversely upon clinical efficacy. Health professionals should be made aware of the degradation of misoprostol with inappropriate storage of misoprostol tablets.

Instability of Misoprostol Tablets Stored Outside the Blister: A Potential Serious Concern for Clinical Outcome in Medical Abortion

PubMed Central

Berard, Veronique; Fiala, Christian; Cameron, Sharon; Bombas, Teresa; Parachini, Mirella; Gemzell-Danielsson, Kristina

2014-01-01

Introduction Misoprostol (Cytotec) is recognised to be effective for many gynaecological indications including termination of pregnancy, management of miscarriage and postpartum haemorrhage. Although not licensed for such indications, it has been used for these purposes by millions of women throughout the world. Misoprostol tablets are most often packaged as multiple tablets within an aluminium strip, each within an individual alveolus. When an alveolus is opened, tablets will be exposed to atmospheric conditions. Objective To compare the pharmaco technical characteristics (weight, friability), water content, misoprostol content and decomposition product content (type A misoprostol, type B misoprostol and 8-epi misoprostol) of misoprostol tablets Cytotec (Pfizer) exposed to air for periods of 1 hour to 720 hours (30 days), to those of identical non exposed tablets. Methods Four hundred and twenty (420) tablets of Cytotec (Pfizer) were removed from their alveoli blister and stored at 25°C/60% relative humidity. Water content, and misoprostol degradation products were assayed in tablets exposed from 1 to 720 hours (30 days). Comparison was made with control tablets (N = 60) from the same batch stored in non-damaged blisters. Statistical analyses were carried out using Fisher’s exact test for small sample sizes. Results By 48 hours, exposed tablets demonstrated increased weight (+4.5%), friability (+1 300%), and water content (+80%) compared to controls. Exposed tablets also exhibited a decrease in Cytotec active ingredient dosage (−5.1% after 48 hours) and an increase in the inactive degradation products (+25% for type B, +50% for type A and +11% for 8-epi misoprostol after 48 hours) compared to controls. Conclusion Exposure of Cytotec tablets to ‘typical’ European levels of air and humidity results in significant time-dependent changes in physical and biological composition that could impact adversely upon clinical efficacy. Health professionals should be made aware of the degradation of misoprostol with inappropriate storage of misoprostol tablets. PMID:25502819

Analysis system for characterisation of simple, low-cost microfluidic components

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Smith, Suzanne; Naidoo, Thegaran; Nxumalo, Zandile; Land, Kevin; Davies, Emlyn; Fourie, Louis; Marais, Philip; Roux, Pieter

2014-06-01

There is an inherent trade-off between cost and operational integrity of microfluidic components, especially when intended for use in point-of-care devices. We present an analysis system developed to characterise microfluidic components for performing blood cell counting, enabling the balance between function and cost to be established quantitatively. Microfluidic components for sample and reagent introduction, mixing and dispensing of fluids were investigated. A simple inlet port plugging mechanism is used to introduce and dispense a sample of blood, while a reagent is released into the microfluidic system through compression and bursting of a blister pack. Mixing and dispensing of the sample and reagent are facilitated via air actuation. For these microfluidic components to be implemented successfully, a number of aspects need to be characterised for development of an integrated point-of-care device design. The functional components were measured using a microfluidic component analysis system established in-house. Experiments were carried out to determine: 1. the force and speed requirements for sample inlet port plugging and blister pack compression and release using two linear actuators and load cells for plugging the inlet port, compressing the blister pack, and subsequently measuring the resulting forces exerted, 2. the accuracy and repeatability of total volumes of sample and reagent dispensed, and 3. the degree of mixing and dispensing uniformity of the sample and reagent for cell counting analysis. A programmable syringe pump was used for air actuation to facilitate mixing and dispensing of the sample and reagent. Two high speed cameras formed part of the analysis system and allowed for visualisation of the fluidic operations within the microfluidic device. Additional quantitative measures such as microscopy were also used to assess mixing and dilution accuracy, as well as uniformity of fluid dispensing - all of which are important requirements towards the successful implementation of a blood cell counting system.

Recognizing Potential Buprenorphine Medication Misuse: Product Packaging Does Not Degrade With Laundering.

PubMed

Gunderson, Erik W

2015-01-01

Expanded office-based buprenorphine opioid dependence treatment is associated with medication misuse and diversion consequences. Recurrent early refill requests may indicate misuse or diversion, although further research is needed on how to effectively recognize and address the issue in clinical practice. In the current study, patient report of damaged medication from laundering prompted evaluation of laundering on degradation of buprenorphine-containing product packages and contents. Four buprenorphine product packaging approaches were assessed: 3 buprenorphine/naloxone placebo demonstration products (Suboxone and Bunavail film in foil wrappers and Zubsolv tablet in a blister pack) and Rexam-manufactured Screw-Loc closure pill container filled with a chewable aspirin as a surrogate for generic buprenorphine and buprenorphine/naloxone products. Two experimental laundering conditions, wash machine alone (W) and washer/dryer (W+D), were compared with unlaundered control (C) condition. Standard laundering settings were based on patient presentation. Products from the 2 experimental conditions and the control condition were labeled A, B, or C with counterbalanced assignment prior to visual examination of packaging and contents by the investigator who was blinded to condition. Packaging and contents remained intact for all products across experimental conditions, with only minor cosmetic effects compared with control. The W+D Suboxone film had 1-2 mm curling of the wrapper corners. Zubsolv blister packs had slight paper label fading (W+D > W). Bunavail W+D foil had an indentation outlining the inner film. The W+D bottle tablet had a ˜1 mm nick on one edge. No other differences were noted. After implementing more structured treatment and reviewing the results with the patient, he endorsed fabricating the laundering story to get additional medication. Laundering is an unlikely cause of damaged buprenorphine-containing medication packaged in foil wrappers (Suboxone, Bunavail), blister pack (Zubsolv), or prescription pill bottle (generic buprenorphine or buprenorphine/naloxone products). Patient reports of such may indicate medication misuse or diversion.

Audio 2008--Alternative Rock: Forced Exposure Is Good for You

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pasteur, Eric

2008-01-01

According to this author, alternative rock did not deserve what it became in the post-Nirvana 1990s. Reduced to a marketing catch-phrase--effectively rendering it meaningless--major label co-optation helped blur the line between artistic expression and cloned sounds. Before Nirvana broke through to the mainstream with the blistering sarcasm of its…

Annual observations of conspicuous canker activity on whitebark pine (2003 to 2007)

Treesearch

Michael P. Murray

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine's (Pinus albicaulis) notable ecological values, combined with its precarious state, underscore the need for monitoring its health and dynamics. Populations of whitebark pine are in decline throughout most of its range. White pine blister rust, caused by the fungus Cronartium ribicola, has denuded stands since introduction during the early 1900s (...

24 CFR Appendix II to Subpart C of... - Development of Standards; Calculation Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... suffer intolerable pain after 15 seconds. Longer exposure causes blistering, permanent skin damage, and even death. Since it is assumed that children and the elderly could not take refuge behind walls or run... acceptable flux level, particularly for elderly people and children, is 450 Btu/ft2 hr. The skin can be...

24 CFR Appendix II to Subpart C of... - Development of Standards; Calculation Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... suffer intolerable pain after 15 seconds. Longer exposure causes blistering, permanent skin damage, and even death. Since it is assumed that children and the elderly could not take refuge behind walls or run... acceptable flux level, particularly for elderly people and children, is 450 Btu/ft2 hr. The skin can be...

24 CFR Appendix II to Subpart C of... - Development of Standards; Calculation Methods

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... suffer intolerable pain after 15 seconds. Longer exposure causes blistering, permanent skin damage, and even death. Since it is assumed that children and the elderly could not take refuge behind walls or run... acceptable flux level, particularly for elderly people and children, is 450 Btu/ft2 hr. The skin can be...

Wisconsin's forest resources in 2001.

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; Gery J. Brand; Manfred E. Mielke

2003-01-01

Results of the 2001 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 15.8 million acres of forest land, more than 21.6 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 584 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, twolined chestnut borer, bronze birch borer, ash yellows, and white pine blister rust...

Wisconsin's forest resources in 2002.

Treesearch

John S. Vissage; Gary J. Brand; Manfred E. Mielke

2004-01-01

Results of the 2002 annual inventory of Wisconsin show about 16.0 million acres of forest land, over 22.2 billion cubic feet of live volume on forest land, and nearly 598 million dry tons of all live aboveground tree biomass on timberland. Gypsy moth, forest tent caterpillar, twolined chestnut borer, bronze birch borer, ash yellows, and white pine blister rust were...

First report of the white pine blister rust fungus, Cronartium ribicola, infecting Ribes inerme in north-central Utah

Treesearch

D. R. Vogler; B. W. Geils; K. Coats

2017-01-01

Cronartium ribicola Fisch. has not been found infecting any of the five-needle white pines (Pinus subgenus Strobus) in Utah, despite being established on both white pine and Ribes hosts in the other 10 western states, defined as those west of the 102° meridian.

Population biology of sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana Dougl.) with reference to historical disturbances in the Lake Tahoe Basin: implications for restoration

Treesearch

Patricia E. Maloney; Detlev R. Vogler; Andrew J. Eckert; Camille E. Jensen; David B. Neale

2011-01-01

Historical logging, fire suppression, and an invasive pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, the cause of white pine blister rust (WPBR), are assumed to have dramatically affected sugar pine (Pinus lambertiana) populations in the Lake Tahoe Basin. We examined population- and genetic-level consequences of these disturbances within 10...

Gaming in Education: Using Games as a Support Tool to Teach History

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Zirawaga, Victor Samuel; Olusanya, Adeleye Idowu; Maduku, Tinovimbanashe

2017-01-01

The use of current and emerging tools in education is becoming a blistering topic among educators and educational institutions. Gaming in education may be viewed as an interference to learning but its role in education is to increase students' motivation and engagement, to enhance visual skills, to improve students' interaction and collaboration…

Transcriptional responses to cantharidin a protein phosphatase inhibitor in Arabidopsis thaliana reveal the involvement of multiple signal transduction pathways

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Cantharidin is a natural compound isolated from the blister beetle (Epicauta spp.). It is a very potent inhibitor of serine/threonine protein phosphatases PPP, especially PP2A and PP4. Protein phosphatases and kinases maintain a sensitive balance between phosphorylated and dephosphorylated forms of ...

Pre-dispersal seed predator dynamics at the northern limits of limber pine distribution

Treesearch

Vernon S. Peters

2011-01-01

Limber pine (Pinus flexilis) is listed provincially as endangered in the northern part of its geographic range (Alberta) due to the high mortality caused by white pine blister rust (WPBR) (Cronartium ribicola) and mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae), and limited regeneration opportunities due to fire exclusion. In the case of an endangered species, seed...

Managing western white pine plantations for multiple resource objectives

Treesearch

Russell T. Graham; Jonalea R. Tonn; Theresa B. Jain

1994-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don) continues to be one of the most important coniferous tree species growing in Northern Rocky Mountain forests. Because large wildfires occurred early in the 1900s, many plantations of western white pine with varying levels of resistance to blister rust (Cronartium ribicola Fisch.) were established. Thinning these...

Efficacy of esfenvalerate for control of insects harmful to seed production in disease-resistant western white pines.

Treesearch

N.G. Rappaport; M.I. Haverty; P.J. Shea; R.E. Sandquist

1994-01-01

We tested the pyrethroid insecticide esfenvalerate in single, double, and triple applications for control of insects affecting seed production of blister rust-resistant western white pine, Pinus monticola Douglas. All treatments increased the proportion of normal seed produced and reduced the proportion of seed damaged by the western conifer seed...

Stripping Paint From Exterior Wood Surfaces

Treesearch

Mark T. Knaebe

2013-01-01

Removing paint and other film-forming finishes is a time consuming and often difficult process. In some cases, finishes need to be removed prior to repainting; for example, if the old surface is covered with severely peeled or blistered paint or if excessive paint buildup has caused cross-grain cracking. You must also remove the finish before applying a penetrating...

Native ectomycorrhizal fungi of limber and whitebark pine: Necessary for forest sustainability?

Treesearch

Cathy L. Cripps; Robert K. Antibus

2011-01-01

Ectomycorrhizal fungi are an important component of northern coniferous forests, including those of Pinus flexilis (limber pine) and P. albicaulis (whitebark pine) which are being decimated by white pine blister rust and mountain pine beetles. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are known to promote seedling establishment, tree health, and may play a role in forest sustainability....

Phytosanitation: A systematic approach to disease prevention

Treesearch

Thomas D. Landis

2013-01-01

Phytosanitation is not a new concept but has received renewed attention due to the increasing threat of nursery spread Phytophthora ramorum (PRAM), the fungus-like pathogen that causes Sudden Oak Death. This disease has the potental to become the most serious forest pest since white pine blister rust and chestnut blight. Phytosanitation can help prevent the spread of...

Frequency of hypersensitive-like reaction and stem infections in a large full-sib family of Pinus monticola

Treesearch

Robert S. Danchok; R.A. Sniezko; S. Long; A. Kegley; D. Savin; J.B. Mayo; J.J. Liu; J. Hill

2012-01-01

Western white pine (WWP) (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is a long-lived forest tree species with a large native range in western North America. The tree species is highly susceptible to the non-native fungal pathogen, Cronartium ribicola, the causative agent of white pine blister rust (WPBR)....

Anatomical and cellular responses of Pinus monticola stem tissues to invasion by Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

J. W. Hudgins; G. I . McDonald; P. J. Zambino; N. B. Klopfenstein; V. R. Franceschi

2005-01-01

White pine blister rust (Cronartium ribicola) causes extensive damage to white pines and their associated ecosystems across North America. The anatomical and cellular characteristics of C. ribicola colonization in Pinus monticola branch and stem tissues were studied as a basis for understanding host tree reactions that may be related to resistance. Samples examined...

Molecular and genetic basis for partial resistance of western white pine against Cronartium ribicola.

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Arezoo Zamany; Richard Sniezko

2012-01-01

Western white pine (Pinus monticola Douglas ex D. Don) is an important forest species in North America. Forest genetics programs have been breeding for durable genetic resistance against white pine blister rust (WPBR) caused by Cronartium ribicola in the past few decades. As various genetic resistance resources are screened and...

Molecular dissection of white pine genetic resistance to Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Jun-Jun Liu; Richard Sniezko

2011-01-01

Pinus monticola (Dougl. ex D. Don.) maintains a complex defence system that detects white pine blister rust pathogen (Cronartium ribicola J.C.Fisch.) and activates resistance responses. A thorough understanding of how it functions at the molecular level would provide us new strategies for creating forest trees with durable disease resistance. Our research focuses on...

A range-wide restoration strategy for whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis)

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane; D. F. Tomback; C. A. Aubry; A. D. Bower; E. M. Campbell; C. L. Cripps; M. B. Jenkins; M. F. Mahalovich; M. Manning; S. T. McKinney; M. P. Murray; D. L. Perkins; D. P. Reinhart; C. Ryan; A. W. Schoettle; C. M. Smith

2012-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis), an important component of western high-elevation forests, has been declining in both the United States and Canada since the early Twentieth Century from the combined effects of mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreaks, fire exclusion policies, and the spread of the exotic disease white pine blister rust (caused by the...

Oral purpura as the first manifestation of primary systemic amyloidosis.

PubMed

McCormick, Robert Stuart; Sloan, Philip; Farr, David; Carrozzo, Marco

2016-07-01

Oral blood blisters and purpura are rare features of primary systemic amyloidosis (amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis). We report a case in which these unusual presentations led to a diagnosis of amyloidosis, which enabled effective treatment before organ failure. Copyright © 2015 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Geographic patterns of genetic variation and population structure in Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine

Treesearch

Anna W. Schoettle; Betsy A. Goodrich; Valerie Hipkins; Christopher Richards; Julie Kray

2012-01-01

Pinus aristata Engelm., Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow core geographic and elevational distribution, occurs in disjunct populations, and is threatened by rapid climate change, white pine blister rust, and bark beetles. Knowledge of genetic diversity and population structure will help guide gene conservation strategies for this species. Sixteen sites...

Restoration planting options for limber pines in Colorado and Wyoming

Treesearch

Anne Marie Casper; William R. Jacobi; Anna W. Schoettle; Kelly S. Burns

2011-01-01

Limber Pine (Pinus flexilis) populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are severely threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. Limber pineʼs critical role in these high elevation ecosystems heightens the importance of mitigating these impacts. To develop forest-scale planting methods, six limber pine seedling...

Restoration planting options for limber pine (Pinus flexilis James) in the Southern Rocky Mountains

Treesearch

A. M. A. Casper; W. R. Jacobi; Anna Schoettle; K. S. Burns

2016-01-01

Limber pine Pinus flexilis James populations in the southern Rocky Mountains are threatened by the combined impacts of mountain pine beetles and white pine blister rust. To develop restoration planting methods, six P. flexilis seedling planting trial sites were installed along a geographic gradient from southern Wyoming to southern Colorado. Experimental...

Restoration of whitebark pine forests in the northern Rocky Mountains, USA

Treesearch

Robert E. Keane

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) has been declining across much of its range in North America because of the combined effects of mountain pine beetle epidemics, fire exclusion policies, and widespread exotic blister rust infections. Whitebark pine seed is dispersed by a bird, the Clark's nutcracker, which caches seed in open, pattern-rich landscapes created by...

Development of Improved Printed Wiring Board Inner Layer Adhesion.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-06-01

24722-49 A Oak-Atlantic 2048 Cohesive Failure in "C" Stage B Oak-Atlantic 1990 Cohesive Failure in "C" Stage C Mica 2018 Cohesive Failure In "C" Stage D...allowable resistance between test points for all IR measurements was 500 megohms. The results showed no blistering, measling , crazing or delaminatin due

Gene conservation of Pinus aristata: a collection with ecological context for management today and resources for tomorrow

Treesearch

A.W. Schoettle

2017-01-01

Pinus aristata, Rocky Mountain bristlecone pine, has a narrow geographic and elevational distribution and is threatened by rapid climate change, the introduced pathogen Cronartium ribicola that causes white pine blister rust (WPBR), and bark beetles. The core distribution of P. aristata is near and at treeline in central and southern Colorado and...

Partnerships in the Pacific Northwest help save an endangered species, whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis): an example of dynamic genetic conservation

Treesearch

Richard A. Sniezko; Michael P. Murray; Charlie V. Cartwright; Jenifer Beck; Dan Omdal; Amy Ramsey; Zolton Bair; George McFadden; Doug Manion; Katherine Fitch; Philip Wapato; Jennifer A. Gruhn; Michael Crawford; Regina M. Rochefort; John Syring; Jun-Jun Liu; Heather E. Lintz; Lorinda Bullington; Brianna A. McTeague; Angelia Kegley

2017-01-01

Whitebark pine (WBP, Pinus albicaulis) is a keystone species distributed widely at high elevations across western North America. It is in decline due to a combination of threats including infection from white pine blister rust (WPBR, caused by the non-native fungal pathogen Cronartium ribicola), mountain pine beetle (...

Cantharidin toxicosis in 2 alpacas

PubMed Central

Simpson, Katharine M.; Streeter, Robert N.; De Souza, Patricia; Genova, Suzanne G.; Morgan, Sandra E.

2013-01-01

Two adult alpacas were presented for recumbency and reluctance to rise. Cantharidin toxicosis was suspected based on clinical and ancillary diagnostic findings. The diagnosis was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry of gastric contents and urine. Despite medical treatment, neither alpaca survived. Blister beetle toxicosis has not been previously described in camelids. Challenges in treatment of affected ruminants or pseudoruminants are noted. PMID:24155427

Limber Pine and White Pine Blister Rust Monitoring and Assessment Guide for Rocky Mountain National Park

Treesearch

Christy M. Cleaver; Kelly S. Burns; Anna W. Schoettle

2017-01-01

Limber pine, designated by Rocky Mountain National Park (RMNP) as a Species of Management Concern, is a keystone species that maintains ecosystem structure, function, and biodiversity. Limber pine is declining in the park due to the interacting effects of recent severe droughts and the climate-exasperated mountain pine beetle (Dendroctonus ponderosae) outbreak, and is...

Foreword

Treesearch

Charles G. Terry Shaw

2010-01-01

It was in June, 1966 when I started working for the tree disease scientists at the Forestry Sciences Laboratory in Moscow, Idaho. That autumn I would start my University course in Forestry which eventually would lead to a long and rewarding career as a Forest Pathologist. But I knew none of that 44 years ago as a lowly paid summer aid hired by the Blister Rust research...

Silvicultural approaches for management of eastern white pine to minimize impacts of damaging agents

Treesearch

M.E. Ostry; G. Laflamme; S.A. Katovich

2010-01-01

Since the arrival to North America of Cronartium ribicola, management of eastern white pine has been driven by the need to avoid the actual or, in many areas, the perceived damage caused by white pine blister rust. Although white pine has lost much of its former dominance, it remains a valuable species for biotic diversity, aesthetics, wildlife...

Carbon costs of constitutive and expressed resistance to a non-native pathogen in limber pine

Treesearch

Patrick J. Vogan; Anna W. Schoettle

2016-01-01

Increasing the frequency of resistance to the non-native fungus Cronartium ribicola (causative agent of white pine blister rust, WPBR) in limber pine populations is a primary management objective to sustain high-elevation forest communities. However, it is not known to what extent genetic disease resistance is costly to plant growth or carbon economy. In this...

Paint Failures on Ran Minehunter Vessels: The Effect of Surface Condition on Adhesion of Paints to Immersed GRP

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-10-01

141 that the use of neopentyl glycol produces laminates with greater blister resistance because the two methyl groups provide steric protection of...It is known that susceptibility of the ester linkage to hydrolysis is also reduced by increasing the size of the glycol unit 1101, e.g. it is clairned

The Causes of Blistering in Boat Building Materials

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-08-01

acrylate units (MET) Ethylene glycol (MET) Propylene glycol (MET) Neopentyl glycol (NET) Maleic acid or anhydride (unsaturated) (NET) lumaric acid...PROPYLENE GLYCOL OPA ORTHOPHTHALIC ACID VINYL - URETHANE BASED POLYESTER IqPG NEOPENTYL GLYCOL RESIN EG - ETHYLENE GLYCOL TMPD - 22,, - TRiMETHY...IPA Isophthalic acid WSN Low molecular weight water soluble material NPG Neopentyl glycol OPA Orthophthalio acid PG Propylene glycol MEKP Hethyl

Landscape biology of western white pine: implications for conservation of a widely-distributed five-needle pine at its southern range limit

Treesearch

Patricia Maloney; Andrew Eckert; Detlev Vogler; Camille Jensen; Annette Delfino Mix; David Neale

2016-01-01

Throughout much of the range of western white pine, Pinus monticola Dougl., timber harvesting, fire exclusion and the presence of Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch., the white pine blister rust (WPBR) pathogen, have led to negative population and genetic consequences. To address these interactions, we examined population dynamics...

Demographic projection of high-elevation white pines infected with white pine blister rust: a nonlinear disease model

Treesearch

S. G. Field; A. W. Schoettle; J. G. Klutsch; S. J. Tavener; M. F. Antolin

2012-01-01

Matrix population models have long been used to examine and predict the fate of threatened populations. However, the majority of these efforts concentrate on long-term equilibrium dynamics of linear systems and their underlying assumptions and, therefore, omit the analysis of transience. Since management decisions are typically concerned with the short term (

Heterogeneous nonmarket benefits of managing white pine bluster rust in high-elevation pine forests

Treesearch

James R. Meldrum; Patricia A. Champ; Craig A. Bond

2013-01-01

This article describes a nonmarket valuation study about benefits of managing the invasive disease white pine blister rust in highelevation forests in the Western United States. Results demonstrate that, on average, households in the Western United States are willing to pay $154 to improve the resiliency of these forests. Factor analysis shows that long-run protection...

Toxic Leadership in the Military Profession

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-15

affected by a small number of toxic leaders. However, most strategic leaders are viewed quite positively, and balance individual subordinate needs...and balance individual subordinate needs with meeting demanding mission requirements, despite a blistering operational tempo over the past 10 years...soldiers beneath them. To the toxic leader, all other individuals are slower, less competent, and less effective. If any of these three traits are

Influence of fire on mycorrhizal colonization of planted and natural whitebark pine seedlings: Ecology and management implications

Treesearch

Paul E. Trusty; Cathy L. Cripps

2011-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is a threatened keystone species in subalpine zones of Western North America that plays a role in watershed dynamics and maintenance of high elevation biodiversity (Schwandt, 2006). Whitebark pine has experienced significant mortality due to white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle outbreaks and successional replacement possibly...

Limber pine seed and seedling planting experiment in Waterton Lakes National Park, Canada

Treesearch

Cyndi M. Smith; Graeme Poll; Cameron Gillies; Celina Praymak; Eileen Miranda; Justin Hill

2011-01-01

Limber pine plays an important role in the harsh environments in which it lives, providing numerous ecological services, especially because its large, wingless seeds serve as a high energy food source for many animals. Limber pine populations are declining due to a combination of white pine blister rust, mountain pine beetle, drought, and fire suppression. Outplanting...

Natural regeneration of whitebark pine: Factors affecting seedling density

Treesearch

S. Goeking; D. Izlar

2014-01-01

Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis) is an ecologically important species in high-altitude areas of the western United States and Canada due to the habitat and food source it provides for Clark’s nutcrackers, red squirrels, grizzly bears, and other animals. Whitebark pine stands have recently experienced high mortality due to wildfire, white pine blister rust, and a...

Inheritance of the bark reaction resistance mechanism in Pinus monticola infected by Cronartium ribicola

Treesearch

Ray J. Hoff

1986-01-01

Necrotic reactions in branch or main stems of western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl.) caused by infection by the blister rust fungus (Cronartium ribicola J. C. Fisch. ex Rabenh.) are a major mechanism of resistance. Overall, 26 percent of the seedlings eliminated the fungus via this defense system. Heritability based upon crossing family groups averaged 33 percent...

Threats, status & management options for bristlecone pines and limber pines in Southern Rockies

Treesearch

A. W. Schoettle; K. S. Burns; F. Freeman; R. A. Sniezko

2006-01-01

High-elevation white pines define the most remote alpine-forest ecotones in western North America yet they are not beyond the reach of a lethal non-native pathogen. The pathogen (Cronartium ribicola), a native to Asia, causes the disease white pine blister rust (WPBR) and was introduced into western Canada in 1910. Whitebark (Pinus albicaulis) and...