Borate cross-linked graphene oxide-chitosan as robust and high gas barrier films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yan, Ning; Capezzuto, Filomena; Lavorgna, Marino; Buonocore, Giovanna G.; Tescione, Fabiana; Xia, Hesheng; Ambrosio, Luigi

2016-05-01

Chitosan (CS) is one of the most promising polymers due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and natural abundance. However, its poor mechanical and barrier properties make it difficult to satisfy a wide range of applications. Herein, borate ions, originating from the hydrolysis of sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax), have been used to crosslink chitosan and graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites. Chitosan films consisting of 1.0 wt% boron and 1.0 wt% GO exhibit a significant improvement in both the toughness and oxygen barrier properties compared to pristine chitosan. In particular the tensile strength of the samples after thermal treatment increases by ~160% compared to pristine chitosan, whereas their oxygen permeability reduces by ~90%. This is ascribed to the chemical crosslinking between chitosan and GO nanoplatelets through borate ions, as well as the formation of a layered morphology with graphene nanoplatelets oriented parallel to the sample surface. The exceptional robust and high gas barrier film has promising application in the packaging industry. The borate-crosslinking chemistry represents the potential strategy for improving properties of other polymer nanocomposites.Chitosan (CS) is one of the most promising polymers due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability, and natural abundance. However, its poor mechanical and barrier properties make it difficult to satisfy a wide range of applications. Herein, borate ions, originating from the hydrolysis of sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax), have been used to crosslink chitosan and graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites. Chitosan films consisting of 1.0 wt% boron and 1.0 wt% GO exhibit a significant improvement in both the toughness and oxygen barrier properties compared to pristine chitosan. In particular the tensile strength of the samples after thermal treatment increases by ~160% compared to pristine chitosan, whereas their oxygen permeability reduces by ~90%. This is ascribed to the chemical crosslinking between chitosan and GO nanoplatelets through borate ions, as well as the formation of a layered morphology with graphene nanoplatelets oriented parallel to the sample surface. The exceptional robust and high gas barrier film has promising application in the packaging industry. The borate-crosslinking chemistry represents the potential strategy for improving properties of other polymer nanocomposites. Electronic supplementary information (ESI) available: Detailed characterization methods and survey XPS spectra. See DOI: 10.1039/c6nr00377j

Photonic crystal borax competitive binding carbohydrate sensing motif†

PubMed Central

Cui, Qingzhou; Muscatello, Michelle M. Ward; Asher, Sanford A.

2009-01-01

We developed a photonic crystal sensing method for diol containing species such as carbohydrates based on a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogel containing an embedded crystalline colloidal array (CCA). The polymerized CCA (PCCA) diffracts visible light. We show that in the presence of borax the diffraction wavelength shifts as the concentration of glucose changes. The diffraction shifts result from the competitive binding of glucose to borate, which reduces the concentration of borate bound to the PVA diols. PMID:19381378

Redetermination of the borax structure from laboratory X-ray data at 145 K

PubMed Central

Gainsford, Graeme J.; Kemmitt, Tim; Higham, Caleb

2008-01-01

The title compound, sodium tetraborate decahydrate (mineral name: borax), Na2[B4O5(OH)4]·8H2O, has been studied previously using X-ray [Morimoto (1956). Miner. J. 2, 1–18] and neutron [Levy & Lisensky (1978). Acta Cryst. B34, 3502–3510] diffraction data. The structure contains tetra­borate anions [B4O5(OH)4]2− with twofold rotation symmetry, which form hydrogen-bonded chains, and [Na(H2O)6] octa­hedra that form zigzag chains [Na(H2O)4/2(H2O)2/1]. The O—H bond distances obtained from the present redetermination at 145 K are shorter than those in the neutron study by an average of 0.127 (19) Å. PMID:21202161

Laboratory evaluation of borate:amine:copper derivatives In wood for fungal decay protection

Treesearch

George Chen

2011-01-01

This study aimed to evaluate borate:amine:copper derivatives in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of copper and boron in wood. Each of four derivatives of borate:amine:copper prevented fungal decay in wood. Disodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax):amine:copper derivatives with 0.61-0.63% retention after water leaching prevented decay by...

Laboratory evaluation of borate/amine/zinc formulations for fungal decay protection

Treesearch

George C. Chen; Rebecca E. Ibach

2010-01-01

The goals of this study were to evaluate borate/amine/zinc formulations in wood for fungal decay protection as well as the permanence of zinc and boron in wood. Wood treated with each of four formulations of borate/amine/zinc prevented or decreased fungal degradation after a 12-week AWPA Standard soil-block test. For non-leached specimens, wood treated with borax/amine...

Mechanism of Phase Formation in the Batch Mixtures for Slag-Bearing Glass Ceramics - 12207

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stefanovsky, Sergey V.; Stefanovsky, Olga I.; Malinina, Galina A.

2012-07-01

Slag surrogate was produced from chemicals by heating to 900 deg. C and keeping at this temperature for 1 hr. The product obtained was intermixed with either sodium di-silicate (75 wt.% waste loading) or borax (85 wt.% slag loading). The mixtures were heat-treated within a temperature range of 25 to 1300 deg. C. The products were examined by X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The products prepared at temperatures of up to 1000 deg. C contained both phase typical of the source slag and intermediate phases as well as phases typical of the materials melted at 1350 deg. C such asmore » nepheline, britholite, magnetite and matrix vitreous phase. Vitrification process in batch mixtures consisting of slag surrogate and either sodium di-silicate or sodium tetraborate runs through formation of intermediate phases mainly silico-phosphates capable to incorporate Sm as trivalent actinides surrogate. Reactions in the batch mixtures are in the whole completed by ∼1000 deg. C but higher temperatures are required to homogenize the products. If in the borate-based system the mechanism is close to simple dissolution of slag constituents in the low viscous borate melt, then in the silicate-based system the mechanism was found to be much complicated and includes re-crystallization during melting with segregation of newly-formed nepheline type phase. (authors)« less

In vivo percutaneous absorption of boron as boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate in humans: a summary.

PubMed

Wester, R C; Hui, X; Maibach, H I; Bell, K; Schell, M J; Northington, D J; Strong, P; Culver, B D

1998-01-01

Literature from the first half of this century reports concern for toxicity from topical use of boric acid, but assessment of percutaneous absorption has been impaired by lack of analytical sensitivity. Analytical methods in this study included inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry, which now allows quantitation of percutaneous absorption of 10B in 10B-enriched boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) in biological matrices. This made it possible, in the presence of comparatively large natural dietary boron intakes for the in vivo segment of this study, to quantify the boron passing through skin. Human volunteers were dosed with 10B-enriched boric acid, 5.0%, borax, 5.0%, or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 10% in aqueous solutions. Urinalysis, for boron and changes in boron isotope ratios, was used to measure absorption. Boric acid in vivo percutaneous absorption was 0.226 (SD = 0.125) mean percent dose, with flux and permeability constant (Kp) calculated at 0.009 microg/cm2/h and 1.9 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. Borax absorption was 0.210 (SD = 0.194) mean percent dose, with flux and Kp calculated at 0.009 microg/cm2/h and 1.8 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. DOT absorption was 0.122 (SD = 0.108) mean percent, with flux and Kp calculated at 0.01 microg/cm2/h and 1.0 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. Pretreatment with the potential skin irritant 2% sodium lauryl sulfate had no effect on boron skin absorption. These in vivo results show that percutaneous absorption of boron, as boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, through intact human skin is low and is significantly less than the average daily dietary intake. This very low boron skin absorption makes it apparent that, for the borates tested, the use of gloves to prevent systemic uptake is unnecessary. These findings do not apply to abraded or otherwise damaged skin.

Corrosion resistance of inconel 690 to borax, boric acid, and boron nitride at 1100{degrees}C

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Imrich, K.J.

1996-12-12

Significant general and localized corrosion was observed on Inconel 690 coupons following exposure to borax, boric acid and boron nitride at 1100{degrees}C. Severe localized attack at and below the melt line was observed on coupons exposed to borax. An intergranular attack at and below the melt line was observed on coupons exposed to borax. An intergranular attack (IGA) of the Inconel 690 was also observed. Severe internal void formation and IGA (30 mils penetration after 3 days) was observed in the coupon exposed to boric acid. Both borax and boric acid remove the protective chromium oxide; however, this layer canmore » be reestablished by heating the Inconel 690 to 975 {degrees}C in air for several hours. Inconel 690 in direct contact with boron nitride resulted in the formation of a thick chromium borate layer, a general corrosion rate of 50 to 90 mils per year, and internal void formation of 1 mil per day.« less

Reentrant behaviour in polyvinyl alcohol-borax hydrogels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, Mathias B.; Desa, J. A. E.; Aswal, V. K.

2018-01-01

Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) hydrogels, cross-linked with varying concentrations of borax, were studied with small angle neutron scattering (SANS), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and differential thermal analysis (DTA). The SANS data satisfy the Ornstein-Zernike approximation. The hydrogels are modelled as PVA chains bound by borate cross-links. Water occupies the spaces within the three-dimensional hydrogel network. The mesh size ξ indicates reentrant behaviour i.e. at first, ξ increases and later decreases as a function of borax concentration. The behaviour is explained on the basis of the balance between the charged di-diol cross-links and the shielding by free ions in the solvent. XRD and DTA show the molecular size of water in the solvent and the glass transition temperature commensurate with reentrant behaviour.

21 CFR 872.3400 - Karaya and sodium borate with or without acacia denture adhesive.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... denture adhesive. 872.3400 Section 872.3400 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF... and sodium borate with or without acacia denture adhesive. (a) Identification. A karaya and sodium borate with or without acacia denture adhesive is a device composed of karaya and sodium borate with or...

Validation of MCNP: SPERT-D and BORAX-V fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crawford, C.; Palmer, B.

1992-11-01

This report discusses critical experiments involving SPERT-D{sup 1,2} fuel elements and BORAX-V{sup 3-8} fuel which have been modeled and calculations performed with MCNP. MCNP is a Monte Carlo based transport code. For this study continuous-energy nuclear data from the ENDF/B-V cross section library was used. The SPERT-D experiments consisted of various arrays of fuel elements moderated and reflected with either water or a uranyl nitrate solution. Some SPERT-D experiments used cadmium as a fixed neutron poison, while others were poisoned with various concentrations of boron in the moderating/reflecting solution. ne BORAX-V experiments were arrays of either boiling fuel rod assembliesmore » or superheater assemblies, both types of arrays were moderated and reflected with water. In one boiling fuel experiment, two fuel rods were replaced with borated stainless steel poison rods.« less

Validation of MCNP: SPERT-D and BORAX-V fuel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Crawford, C.; Palmer, B.

1992-11-01

This report discusses critical experiments involving SPERT-D[sup 1,2] fuel elements and BORAX-V[sup 3-8] fuel which have been modeled and calculations performed with MCNP. MCNP is a Monte Carlo based transport code. For this study continuous-energy nuclear data from the ENDF/B-V cross section library was used. The SPERT-D experiments consisted of various arrays of fuel elements moderated and reflected with either water or a uranyl nitrate solution. Some SPERT-D experiments used cadmium as a fixed neutron poison, while others were poisoned with various concentrations of boron in the moderating/reflecting solution. ne BORAX-V experiments were arrays of either boiling fuel rod assembliesmore » or superheater assemblies, both types of arrays were moderated and reflected with water. In one boiling fuel experiment, two fuel rods were replaced with borated stainless steel poison rods.« less

Flame resistant cellulose fiber insulation and process of preparing it

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Quinto, M.J.

1979-11-06

This invention produces flame resistant cellulose fiber insulation, which will be referred to as CFI. The best flameproofing agents which have been used in the past are mixtures of boric acid and borax as the major portion of the mix and have been applied both as dry powders and sprayed from water dispersions. Boric acid is quite expensive as it is prepared from borax by the addition of acid and purification of the boric acid. In the present invention lower cost materials and process are obtained by applying a mixture of boric acid and borax which has been prepared bymore » adding acid, such as sulfuric acid, a mixture of sulfuric and phosphoric acid, and the like, to borax to transform a portion of the borax into boric acid. The reaction products, sodium sulfate, or a mixture of sodium sulfate and sodium phosphate in the case both acids are used, remain in the material applied to CFI. While they are not by themselves highly effective flameproofing agents, particularly sodium sulfate is not, they do add somewhat to flame resistance. In other words, wht elimination of the step of separating and/or purifying boric acid is eliminated without, however, eliminating its function. The product produced is as good a flame retarder when applied to CFI; in fact it is slightly better. Additionally there are great savings in cost.« less

Effect of boron and phosphate compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of wood-polypropylene composites

Treesearch

Nadir Ayrilmis; Turgay Akbulut; Turker Dundar; Robert H. White; Fatih Mengeloglu; Umit Buyuksari; Zeki Candan; Erkan Avci

2012-01-01

Physical, mechanical, and fire properties of the injection-molded wood flour/polypropylene composites incorporated with different contents of boron compounds; borax/boric acid and zinc borate, and phosphate compounds; mono and diammonium phosphates were investigated. The effect of the coupling agent content, maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene, on the properties of...

Is Boron a Prebiotic Element? A Mini-review of the Essentiality of Boron for the Appearance of Life on Earth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scorei, Romulus

2012-02-01

Boron is probably a prebiotic element with special importance in the so-called "sugars world". Boron is not present on Earth in its elemental form. It is found only in compounds, e.g., borax, boric acid, kernite, ulexite, colemanite and other borates. Volcanic spring waters sometimes contain boron-based acids (e.g., boric, metaboric, tetraboric and pyroboric acid). Borates influence the formation of ribofuranose from formaldehyde that feeds the "prebiotic metabolic cycle". The importance of boron in the living world is strongly related to its implications in the prebiotic origins of genetic material; consequently, we believe that throughout the evolution of life, the primary role of boron has been to provide thermal and chemical stability in hostile environments. The complexation of boric acid and borates with organic cis-diols remains the most probable chemical mechanism for the role of this element in the evolution of the living world. Because borates can stabilize ribose and form borate ester nucleotides, boron may have provided an essential contribution to the "pre-RNA world".

An introduction to boron: history, sources, uses, and chemistry.

PubMed Central

Woods, W G

1994-01-01

Following a brief overview of the terrestrial distribution of boron in rocks, soil, and water, the history of the discovery, early utilization, and geologic origin of borate minerals is summarized. Modern uses of borate-mineral concentrates, borax, boric acid, and other refined products include glass, fiberglass, washing products, alloys and metals, fertilizers, wood treatments, insecticides, and microbiocides. The chemistry of boron is reviewed from the point of view of its possible health effects. It is concluded that boron probably is complexed with hydroxylated species in biologic systems, and that inhibition and stimulation of enzyme and coenzymes are pivotal in its mode of action. Images Figure 1. PMID:7889881

40 CFR 721.1880 - Borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)-.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)-. 721.1880 Section 721.1880 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.1880 Borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium... substance identified as borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)- (PMN P-00-0922; CAS No...

40 CFR 721.1880 - Borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)-.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)-. 721.1880 Section 721.1880 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.1880 Borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium... substance identified as borate(1-), tris(acetato-.kappa.O)hydro-, sodium, (T-4)- (PMN P-00-0922; CAS No...

Effect of Boron and Phosphate compounds on Thermal and Fire Properties of wood/HDPE composites

Treesearch

Turgay Akbulut; Nadir Ayrilmis; Turker Dundar; Ali Durmus; Robert H. White; Murat Teker

2011-01-01

Melting and non-isothermal crystallization behaviors, oxidative induction time, and fire performance of the injection-molded wood flour-high density polyethylene (HDPE) composites (WPCs) incorporated with different levels (4, 8, or 12 wt %) of boron compounds [borax/boric acid (BX/BA) (0.5:0.5 wt %), zinc borate (ZB)] and phosphorus compounds [mono- and di-ammonium...

Permanence and diffusion of borax-copper hydroxide remedial preservative applied to unseasoned pine posts : 10 year update

Treesearch

Douglas Crawford; Stan Lebow; Mike West; Bill Abbott

2005-01-01

In 1993, unseasoned pine posts were treated with groundline remedial treatment containing 3.1% copper hydroxide and 40% sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax). The soundness of the posts was periodically evaluated using a push test. After 3.5, 6.5, and 10 years, sections were taken from two posts to determine retention of borax and copper hydroxide below ground to 36...

Melter Feed Reactions at T ≤ 700°C for Nuclear Waste Vitrification

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Kai; Hrma, Pavel R.; Rice, Jarrett A.

2015-07-23

Batch reactions and phase transitions in a nuclear waste feed heated at 5 K min-1 up to 600°C were investigated by optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer, and X-ray diffraction. Quenched samples were leached in deionized water at room temperature and 80°C to extract soluble salts and early glass-forming melt, respectively. To determine the content and composition of leachable phases, the leachates were analyzed by the inductively-coupled plasma spectroscopy. By ~400°C, gibbsite and borax lost water and converted to amorphous and intermediate crystalline phases. Between 400°C and 600°C, the sodium borate early glass-forming melt reacted withmore » amorphous aluminum oxide and calcium oxide to form intermediate products containing Al and Ca. At ~600°C, half Na and B converted to the early glass-forming melt, and quartz began to dissolve in the melt.« less

Na{sub 6}B{sub 13}O{sub 22.5}, a new noncentrosymmetric sodium borate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Penin, N.; Touboul, M.; Nowogrocki, G.

2005-03-15

Na{sub 6}B{sub 13}O{sub 22.5} (B/Na=2.17) single crystals were obtained by heating, melting and appropriately cooling borax, Na{sub 2}[B{sub 4}O{sub 5}(OH){sub 4}].8H{sub 2}O. Its formula has been determined by the resolution of the structure from single-crystal X-ray diffraction data. The compound crystallizes in the noncentrosymmetric orthorhombic Iba2 space group, with the following unit cell parameters: a=33.359(11)A, b=9.554(3)A, c=10.644(4)A; V=3392.4(19)A{sup 3}; Z=8. The crystal structure was solved from 3226 reflections until R{sub 1}=0.0385. It exhibits a three-dimensional framework built up from BO{sub 3} triangles ({delta}) and BO{sub 4} tetrahedra (T). Two kinds of borate groups can be considered forming two different doublemore » B{sub 3}O{sub 3} rings: two B{sub 4}O{sub 9} (linkage by two boron atoms) and one B{sub 5}O{sub 11} (linkage by one boron atom); the shorthand notation of the new fundamental building block (FBB) existing in this compound is: 13: {infinity}{sup 3} [(5: 3{delta}+2T)+2(4: 2{delta}+2T)]. The discovery of this new borate questions the real number of Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7} varieties. The existence of Na{sub 6}B{sub 13}O{sub 22.5} (B/Na=2.17) and of another recently discovered borate, Na{sub 3}B{sub 7}O{sub 12} (B/Na=2.33; FBB 7: {infinity}{sup 3} [(3: 2{delta}+T)+(3: {delta}+2T)+(1: {delta})], with a composition close to the long-known borate {alpha}-Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7} (B/Na=2; FBB 8: {infinity}{sup 3} [(5: 3{delta}+2T)+(3: 2{delta}+T)], may explain the very complex equilibria reported in the Na{sub 2}O-B{sub 2}O{sub 3} phase diagram, especially in this range of composition.« less

Preservation of tissue specimens during transport to mycobacteriology laboratories.

PubMed Central

Richards, W D; Wright, H S

1983-01-01

Chloramine-T and sodium borate solutions were evaluated for their effectiveness in preserving Mycobacterium bovis and controlling the growth of non-mycobacterial contaminants on tissue specimens during transport to laboratories. The number of culturable M. bovis cells in suspension was reduced by 5.1 log10 upon exposure to chloramine-T solution and by less than 1 log10 upon exposure to sodium borate solution for 7 days. Reinoculation of laboratory media (because of overgrowth by non-mycobacterial contaminants) was required for 52.6% of 190 routine bovine tissue specimens shipped refrigerated in chloramine-T solution and for 6.1% of 520 specimens shipped unrefrigerated in sodium borate solution. M. bovis was isolated from bovine tissue stored in sodium borate solution at 23 degrees C for 17 weeks and at 4 degrees C for 25 weeks. Unrefrigerated sodium borate solution has been used successfully to ship tissue specimens to our laboratory for the past 11 years. PMID:6341397

Effect of boron compounds on physical, mechanical, and fire properties of injection molded wood plastic composites

Treesearch

Nadir Ayrilmis; Turgay Akbulut; Turker Dundar; Robert H. White; Fatih Mengeloglu; Zeki Candan; Umit Buyuksari; Erkan Avci

2011-01-01

Physical, mechanical, and fire properties of the injection-molded wood flour/polypropylene composites (WPCs) incorporated with different levels of boron compounds, borax/boric acid (BX/BA) (0.5:0.5 wt %) and zinc borate (ZB) (4, 8, or 12 wt %) were investigated. The effect of the coupling agent loading (2, 4, or 6 wt %), maleic anhydride-grafted PP (MAPP), on the...

Accidental mold/termite testing of high density fiberboard (HDF) treated with borates and N’N-naphthaloylhydroxylamine (NHA)

Treesearch

S. Nami Kartal; Harold H. Burdsall; Frederick Green

2003-01-01

High density fibreboard (HDF) was made from beech and pine furnish (50:50) and treated with boric acid (0.1-3%), borax (0.1-3%) or N'-N-(1,8- naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA) (0.1-1%) prior to gluing with urea formaldehyde (UF) resin in order to determine resistance to Eastern subterranean termites ( Reticulitermes flavipes Kollar), the most economically important...

Treatability of SPF framing lumber with CCA and borate preservatives

Treesearch

Cherilyn Hatfield

2005-01-01

There is increasing interest in preservative pressure-treatment of framing lumber to prevent attack by decay fungi and insects. However, the Spruce– pine–Fir species group that is often used in framing construction can be difficult to penetrate with preservatives. We compared solution uptake and penetration of boron and copper from a borax–copper (BC) preservative to...

Influence of sodium borate on the early age hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Champenois, Jean-Baptiste; Dhoury, Mélanie; Cau Dit Coumes, Céline, E-mail: celine.cau-dit-coumes@cea.fr

Calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements are potential candidates for the conditioning of radioactive wastes with high sodium borate concentrations. This work thus investigates early age hydration of two CSA cements with different gypsum contents (0 to 20%) as a function of the mixing solution composition (borate and NaOH concentrations). Gypsum plays a key role in controlling the reactivity of cement. When the mixing solution is pure water, increasing the gypsum concentration accelerates cement hydration. However, the reverse is observed when the mixing solution contains sodium borate. Until gypsum exhaustion, the pore solution pH remains constant at ~ 10.8, and a poorlymore » crystallized borate compound (ulexite) precipitates. A correlation is established between this transient precipitation and the hydration delay. Decreasing the gypsum content in the binder, or increasing the sodium content in the mixing solution, are two ways of reducing the stability of ulexite, thus decreasing the hydration delay.« less

Geochemical characteristics of Kırka (Sarıkaya) borate deposit, northwestern Anatolia, Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koçak, İ.; Koç, Ş.

2016-02-01

The Kırka borate deposit was deposited in a Miocene lacustrine basin which is closely associated with volcanic activity which lasted from Paleogene to the beginning of Quaternary. Borate mineralization alternates with claystone, mudstone, tuff and fine-layered limestone and mostly shows a lenticular structure. The mineral paragenesis is composed of borax, tincalconite, ulexite, kurnakovite, probertite, tunellite, colemanite, dolomite, smectite group minerals, illite and some firstly reported minerals for the Kırka deposit including hydrochloroborite, brianroulstonite, hilgardite-4M and searlesite minerals. In comparison to average values of earth crust, concentrations of Cs, Sr, Li, As and Se were significantly enriched with respective rates of 21, 15, 14, 3 and 188 folds. Regarding KY, KS1 and KS2 locations, there are differences in both element abundances and their geochemical tendencies which are attributed to variations in discharge regime and physico-chemical conditions of the depositional environment. Independent behaviour of B2O3 might indicate that boron is not associated with clays and carbonates and, therefore, most part of boron must be derived from volcanic activity (hydrothermal solutions, gases). REE data indicate that the Kırka borate deposit was formed in a sedimentary environment where highly alkaline (high pH) hydrothermal solutions also took part in borate precipitation process.

Glycerin Borax Treatment of Exfoliative Cheilitis Induced by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: a Case Report

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

This paper reports on the results of a case study of a 19-year-old female who presented to the Oral Medicine clinic with a chief complaint of scaly and peeling lips. The lesions had persisted on her lips for more than 7 years and were refractory to previous treatment. Her physician’s diagnosis was contact dermatitis. We diagnosed this patient as having exfoliative cheilitis (EC). A patch test using the toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was positive and the patient discontinued using it. Instead, she started using a toothpaste not containing SLS. One year after treating her lesions with hydrogen peroxide mouthwash 1% and glycerin borax, a gradual improvement was observed until returning to normal. Glycerin borax was safe, low cost and simple to use in treatment of refractory exfoliative cheilitis. SLS may have been a precipitating factor in EC in this case. PMID:27789914

Glycerin Borax Treatment of Exfoliative Cheilitis Induced by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate: a Case Report.

PubMed

Thongprasom, Kobkan

2016-06-01

This paper reports on the results of a case study of a 19-year-old female who presented to the Oral Medicine clinic with a chief complaint of scaly and peeling lips. The lesions had persisted on her lips for more than 7 years and were refractory to previous treatment. Her physician's diagnosis was contact dermatitis. We diagnosed this patient as having exfoliative cheilitis (EC). A patch test using the toothpaste containing sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) was positive and the patient discontinued using it. Instead, she started using a toothpaste not containing SLS. One year after treating her lesions with hydrogen peroxide mouthwash 1% and glycerin borax, a gradual improvement was observed until returning to normal. Glycerin borax was safe, low cost and simple to use in treatment of refractory exfoliative cheilitis. SLS may have been a precipitating factor in EC in this case.

Termite Resistance of MDF Panels Treated with Various Boron Compounds

PubMed Central

Usta, Mustafa; Ustaomer, Derya; Kartal, Saip Nami; Ondaral, Sedat

2009-01-01

In this study, the effects of various boron compounds on the termite resistance of MDF panels were evaluated. Either borax (BX), boric acid (BA), zinc borate (ZB), or sodium perborate tetrahydrate (SPT) were added to urea-formaldehyde (UF) resin at target contents of 1%, 1.5%, 2% and 2.5% based on dry fiber weight. The panels were then manufactured using 12% urea-formaldehyde resin and 1% NH4Cl. MDF samples from the panels were tested against the subterranean termites, Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki. Laboratory termite resistance tests showed that all samples containing boron compounds had greater resistance against termite attack compared to untreated MDF samples. At the second and third weeks of exposure, nearly 100% termite mortalities were recorded in all boron compound treated samples. The highest termite mortalities were determined in the samples with either BA or BX. Also, it was found that SPT showed notable performance on the termite mortality. As chemical loadings increased, termite mortalities increased, and at the same time the weight losses of the samples decreased. PMID:19582229

Control of brown stain: in Eastern white pine

Treesearch

Robert E. Stutz; Peter Koch; Millard L. Oldham

1961-01-01

Degrade caused by brown stain and blue stain in eastern white pine was virtually eliminated by the use of sap stain chemicals and sodium azide. Combinations of buffered sodium azide with both sodium pentachlorophenate plus borax and buffered ethyl mercury phosphate were effective.

Synergy and Diffusion with a Borax-Copper Hydroxide Groundline Preservative: 20 Year Update

Treesearch

Stan Lebow; Bessie Woodward; Bill Abbott; Mike West

2014-01-01

A groundline remedial treatment containing 3.1% copper hydroxide (2% elemental copper) and 40% sodium tetraborate decahydrate (borax) was applied to unseasoned pine posts prior to placement in a test site in southern Mississippi. The soundness of the posts was periodically evaluated using a push test. After 3.5, 6.5, 10, 15 and 20 years, sections were taken from two...

Borax as flux on sintering of iron Ancor Steel 1000® under glow discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariza Suarez, H. G.; Sarmiento Santos, A.; Ortiz Otálora, C. A.

2016-02-01

This work studies the flux effect of borax (di sodium tetraborate decahydrate) on sintering of iron Ancor Steel 1000® in abnormal glow discharge. The incidence of the percentage by weight of borax and the sintering temperature in the process were observed. Samples of powder metallurgical iron were prepared with proportions of 0.50%, 2.0%, 4.0% and 6.0% by weight of borax using the procedures of powder metallurgy. The samples were sintered at 800 and 1100°C for 30min, by glow discharge at low pressure in a reducing atmosphere composed of 20% H2+80% Ar. The samples in compact green-state were analyzed by TGA-DSC to determine the fusion process and mass loss during sintering. The analysis of microhardness and density, shows that at a sintering temperature of 800°C the sample density decreases and the sample microhardness increases with respect to sintered samples without borax. Sintered samples were analysed by DRX showing the absence of precipitates.

Characterization of uranium surfaces machined with aqueous propylene glycol-borax or perchloroethylene-mineral oil coolants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cristy, S.S.; Bennett, R.K. Jr.; Dillon, J.J.

1986-12-31

The use of perchloroethylene (perc) as an ingredient in coolants for machining enriched uranium at the Oak Ridge Y-12 Plant has been discontinued because of environmental concerns. A new coolant was substituted in December 1985, which consists of an aqueous solution of propylene glycol with borax (sodium tetraborate) added as a nuclear poison and with a nitrite added as a corrosion inhibitor. Uranium surfaces machined using the two coolants were compared with respects to residual contamination, corrosion or corrosion potential, and with the aqueous propylene glycol-borax coolant was found to be better than that of enriched uranium machined with themore » perc-mineral oil coolant. The boron residues on the final-finished parts machined with the borax-containing coolant were not sufficient to cause problems in further processing. All evidence indicated that the enriched uranium surfaces machined with the borax-containing coolant will be as satisfactory as those machined with the perc coolant.« less

Infrared and Raman spectroscopic characterization of the borate mineral colemanite - CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O - implications for the molecular structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frost, Ray L.; Xi, Yunfei; Scholz, Ricardo; Belotti, Fernanda Maria; Cândido Filho, Mauro

2013-04-01

Colemanite CaB3O4(OH)3·H2O is a secondary borate mineral formed from borax and ulexite in evaporate deposits of alkaline lacustrine sediments. The basic structure of colemanite contains endless chains of interlocking BO2(OH) triangles and BO3(OH) tetrahedrons with the calcium, water and extra hydroxide units interspersed between these chains. The Raman spectra of colemanite is characterized by an intense band at 3605 cm-1 assigned to the stretching vibration of OH units and a series of bands at 3182, 3300, 3389 and 3534 cm-1 assigned to water stretching vibrations. Infrared bands are observed in similar positions. The BO stretching vibrations of the trigonal and tetrahedral boron are characterized by Raman bands at 876, 1065 and 1084 cm-1. The OBO bending mode is defined by the Raman band at 611 cm-1. It is important to characterize the very wide range of borate minerals including colemanite because of the very wide range of applications of boron containing minerals.

First Observations of Boron on Mars and Implications for Gale Crater Geochemistry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasda, P. J.; Haldeman, E. B.; Wiens, R. C.; Rapin, W.; Frydenvang, J.; Maurice, S.; Clegg, S. M.; Delapp, D.; Sanford, V.; McInroy, R.

2016-12-01

Borates are potentially important precursor materials for the origin of life on Earth. It has been shown that borates are required to stabilize ribose, a component of RNA, when produced by the formose reaction, a prebiotically plausible mechanism to produce ribose from formaldehyde. Evaporites, including borates, also shed light on the history of aqueous activity on Mars. The ChemCam instrument onboard the NASA Curiosity rover provides quantitative elemental compositions of targets in Gale Crater, Mars, using laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Laboratory observations of Fe-free targets indicate that a LIBS emission line is visible with as little as 10 ppm B. We have observed B lines in 23 calcium sulfate veins in Gale Crater: 3 in Yellowknife Bay and 20 in the Murray lacustrine mudstone and the Stimson eolian sandstone units since sol 727, as Curiosity arrived at the base of Mt. Sharp, a 5 km sedimentary mound in the center of Gale Crater. To calibrate these observations, samples composed of borates diluted with Hawaiian basalt have been analyzed using the LANL ChemCam engineering model. Preliminary results show that the Gale Crater veins have between 10-100 ppm B. One possible explanation for borates in veins is that Gale Lake evaporated, depositing evaporites, including borates. Later, Gale Crater was partially buried and its lacustrine and overlying eolian units were lithified and fractured. Water flowed through the evaporite-rich layers, partially dissolving them. Fluid moved through the fractures, re-precipitating the borates and sulfates as veins. ChemCam cannot directly determine mineralogy, but B is likely present as borax as the dominate borate phase in these veins, based on previous estimates of vein fluid temperature. Borates forming in this environment tend to precipitate from mildly alkaline fluids. The fluid temperature and pH implies these veins were potentially habitable environments.

Fiberboards treated with N’-N-(1, 8-Naphthalyl) hydroxylamine (NHA-Na), borax, and boric acid

Treesearch

Turgay Akbulut; S. Nami Kartal; Frederick Green

2004-01-01

This paper reports on the physical and mechanical properties and decay and termite resistance of fiberboard panels made from pine and beech treated with N’-N-(1, 8-Naphthalyl) hydroxylamine sodium salt(NHA-Na), borax, and boric acid at varying loadings. The panels were manufactured using 10 percent urea-formaldehyde resin and 1 percent NH4Cl. Mechanical and physical...

The relationship of blood- and urine-boron to boron exposure in borax-workers and usefulness of urine-boron as an exposure marker.

PubMed Central

Culver, B D; Shen, P T; Taylor, T H; Lee-Feldstein, A; Anton-Culver, H; Strong, P L

1994-01-01

Daily dietary-boron intake and on-the-job inspired boron were compared with blood- and urine-boron concentrations in workers engaged in packaging and shipping borax. Fourteen workers handling borax at jobs of low, medium, and high dust exposures were sampled throughout full shifts for 5 consecutive days each. Airborne borax concentrations ranged from means of 3.3 mg/m3 to 18 mg/m3, measured gravimetrically. End-of-shift mean blood-boron concentrations ranged from 0.11 to 0.26 microgram/g; end-of-shift mean urine concentrations ranged from 3.16 to 10.72 micrograms/mg creatinine. Creatinine measures were used to adjust for differences in urine-specific gravity such that 1 ml of urine contains approximately 1 mg creatinine. There was no progressive increase in end-of-shift blood- or urine-boron concentrations across the days of the week. Urine testing done at the end of the work shift gave a somewhat better estimate of borate exposure than did blood testing, was sampled more easily, and was analytically less difficult to perform. Personal air samplers of two types were used: one, the 37-mm closed-face, two-piece cassette to estimate total dust and the other, the Institute of Occupational Medicine (IOM) sampler to estimate inspirable particulate mass. Under the conditions of this study, the IOM air sampler more nearly estimated human exposure as measured by blood- and urine-boron levels than did the sampler that measured total dust.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:7889874

Sonication-Based Improvement of the Physicochemical Properties of Guar Gum as a Potential Substrate for Modified Drug Delivery Systems

PubMed Central

Ansari, Siddique Akber; Cencetti, Claudia; Carafa, Maria; Mazzuca, Claudia; Capitani, Donatella; Coviello, Tommasina

2013-01-01

Guar Gum is a natural polysaccharide that, due to its physicochemical properties, is extensively investigated for biomedical applications as a matrix for modified drug delivery, but it is also used in the food industry as well as in cosmetics. A commercial sample of Guar Gum was sonicated for different periods of time, and the reduction in the average molecular weight was monitored by means of viscometric measurements. At the same time, the rheological behaviour was also followed, in terms of viscoelasticity range, flow curves, and mechanical spectra. Sonicated samples were used for the preparation of gels in the presence of borate ions. The effect of borax on the new samples was investigated by recording mechanical spectra, flow curves, and visible absorption spectra of complexes with Congo Red. The anisotropic elongation, observed in previous studies with tablets of Guar Gum and borax, was remarkably reduced when the sonicated samples were used for the preparation of the gels. PMID:23984426

Dynamics of pH modification of an acidic protein bait used for tropical fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae).

PubMed

Heath, Robert R; Vazquez, Aime; Schnell, Elena Q; Villareal, Janett; Kendra, Paul E; Epsky, Nancy D

2009-12-01

Several species of Anastrepha and Bactrocera fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are captured in traps baited with the protein bait NuLure combined with borax (sodium tetraborate decahydrate) in an aqueous solution, typically 9% NuLure (vol:vol) with 3% borax (wt:vol). NuLure is an acid hydrolysate of corn and has an acidic pH. Addition of borax makes the solution more alkaline, and increase in alkalinity results in increase of ammonia release from the bait solution. This is a very dynamic system, with resultant pH affected by factors such as the amount of borax added, the pH of the water used for preparation, the age of the bait solution, and the development of microbial growth. Problems with borax include amount needed to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions, which creates difficulties in disposing of spent bait in fruit fly trapping programs. Therefore, research was conducted to evaluate NaOH as an alternative method to increase alkalinity of NuLure solutions. Laboratory experiments compared effect of NaOH versus borax for pH modification on changes in pH and ammonia content of NuLure solutions over time. Although NuLure/NaOH solutions could be adjusted to a more alkaline pH than NuLure/borax solutions, borax plays a critical role in pH stability over time. However, the pH of NuLure/NaOH is stabilized when propylene glycol (10% vol:vol) was used to prepare the bait solution. The use of NaOH can provide an alternative to the use of borax to increase bait solution alkalinity.

The Effect of Boric Acid and Borax on Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, ER Stress and Apoptosis in Cisplatin Toxication and Nephrotoxicity Developing as a Result of Toxication.

PubMed

Hazman, Ömer; Bozkurt, Mehmet Fatih; Fidan, Abdurrahman Fatih; Uysal, Fadime Erkan; Çelik, Sefa

2018-06-01

The development of treatment protocols that can reduce side effects in chemotherapy applications is extremely important in terms of cancer treatment. In this context, it was aimed to investigate the effects of boric acid and borax on cisplatin toxicity (nephrotoxicity) in rats. In the experimental phase, eight groups were formed from rats. Boric acid and borax were given to the treatment groups with three different doses using gavage. On the fifth day of the study, cisplatin (10 mg/kg) was administered to all rats except the control group. At the end of the study, oxidative stress-related (GSH, MDA, PCO, GPx, 8-OHdG), inflammation-related (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-18, MCP-1, ICAM, TGF-β), apoptosis-related (p53, caspase 1, 3, 8, 12, bcl-2, bcl-xL, NFkB), and ER stress-related (GRP78, ATF-6, PERK) basic parameters were analyzed in serum, erythrocyte, and kidney tissues. Kidney tissues were also examined by histopathological and immunohistochemical methods. Borax and boric acid at different doses decreased inflammation and oxidative stress caused by cisplatin toxicity and increased ER stress. As a result of the treatments applied to experimental animals, it was determined that boric acid and borax reduced apoptotic damage in kidney tissue, but the decrease was statistically significant only in 200 mg/kg boric acid-administered group. In the study, low anti-apoptotic effects of borate doses with the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect may be due to increased ER stress at the relevant doses. Further studies on the effects of boron compounds on ER stress and apoptotic mechanisms may clarify this issue. Thus, possible side effects or if there are new usage areas of borone compounds which have many usage areas in clinics can be detected.

Development and Validation of a Micellar Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Determination of IFNβ-1b in Lyophilized Formulation of a Biosimilar Product

PubMed Central

Dadgarnejad, Manuchehr; Rastegar, Hosein; Ilka, Hooshmand; Shekarchi, Maryam; Adib, Nooshin; Alebouyeh, Mahmood; Keypour, Nadia; Shoeibi, Shahram; Kobarfard, Farzad; Fazeli, Mohammad Reza

2015-01-01

Human interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines secreted by immune system. They have several effects such as antiviral and anti tumors activity, activating immune cells and healing of multiple sclerosis. The type IFNs present in humans are α ,β and Υ. IFN β is a polypeptide, normally produced by fibroblasts and seems to be more species-specific than IFN. Structural properties of IFNs are important for their biologic effects. There are a few analytical techniques for separation, identification and determination of IFNs in its formulations such as mass spectroscopy, RP-HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this study we used Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) as a unique mode of CE because of its capability to separate neutral as well as charged solutes. We used sodium tetraborate (Borax) as buffer without any modifier and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The optimum MECK running buffer consisted of Borate 50 Mm; SDS 20 mM pH =9.6. The validated method was used for determination of the IFN β-1b formulation which is manufactured in Iran. From 9 collected different batches, all of them had acceptable potency as claimed on their label with average 102.25 ±10.030 %. This is the first time that a MEKC method is introduced for quantification of IFN β-1b in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is reliable safe, rapid and accurate. PMID:26330863

Development and Validation of a Micellar Capillary Electrophoresis Method for Determination of IFNβ-1b in Lyophilized Formulation of a Biosimilar Product.

PubMed

Dadgarnejad, Manuchehr; Rastegar, Hosein; Ilka, Hooshmand; Shekarchi, Maryam; Adib, Nooshin; Alebouyeh, Mahmood; Keypour, Nadia; Shoeibi, Shahram; Kobarfard, Farzad; Fazeli, Mohammad Reza

2015-01-01

Human interferons (IFNs) are key cytokines secreted by immune system. They have several effects such as antiviral and anti tumors activity, activating immune cells and healing of multiple sclerosis. The type IFNs present in humans are α ,β and Υ. IFN β is a polypeptide, normally produced by fibroblasts and seems to be more species-specific than IFN. Structural properties of IFNs are important for their biologic effects. There are a few analytical techniques for separation, identification and determination of IFNs in its formulations such as mass spectroscopy, RP-HPLC and capillary electrophoresis (CE). In this study we used Micellar Electrokinetic Chromatography (MEKC) as a unique mode of CE because of its capability to separate neutral as well as charged solutes. We used sodium tetraborate (Borax) as buffer without any modifier and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as surfactant. The optimum MECK running buffer consisted of Borate 50 Mm; SDS 20 mM pH =9.6. The validated method was used for determination of the IFN β-1b formulation which is manufactured in Iran. From 9 collected different batches, all of them had acceptable potency as claimed on their label with average 102.25 ±10.030 %. This is the first time that a MEKC method is introduced for quantification of IFN β-1b in its pharmaceutical dosage forms. The method is reliable safe, rapid and accurate.

Development of cement solidification process for sodium borate waste generated from PWR plants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirofumi Okabe; Tatsuaki Sato; Yuichi Shoji

2013-07-01

A cement solidification process for treating sodium borate waste produced in pressurized water reactor (PWR) plants was studied. To obtain high volume reduction and high mechanical strength of the waste, simulated concentrated borate liquid waste with a sodium / boron (Na/B) mole ratio of 0.27 was dehydrated and powdered by using a wiped film evaporator. To investigate the effect of the Na/B mole ratio on the solidification process, a sodium tetraborate decahydrate reagent with a Na/B mole ratio of 0.5 was also used. Ordinary portland cement (OPC) and some additives were used for the solidification. Solidified cement prepared from powderedmore » waste with a Na/B mole ratio 0.24 and having a high silica sand content (silica sand/cement>2) showed to improved uniaxial compressive strength. (authors)« less

Engineering and Development Support of General Decon Technology for the DARCOM Installation Restoration Program. Task 4. General Technology Literature Searches (II) Solidification Techniques for Lagoon Waters

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

40.8 Sodium 70.1 Zinc 0.01 37 The process includes the following steps (Pichat et al., 1979): - neutralization precipitation (silicates, borates...Compressive Strength of Polyester - Encapsulated Sodium Sulfate Waste Composite ....... .............. 64 9. Deep Chemical Mixer Mounted on a Barge...zinc, copper, lead, manganese and tin; sodium salts of arsenate, borate, phosphate, iodate, and sulfide; and sulfate salts. Sulfate salts form calcium

In vivo percutaneous absorption of boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate in humans compared to in vitro absorption in human skin from infinite and finite doses.

PubMed

Wester, R C; Hui, X; Hartway, T; Maibach, H I; Bell, K; Schell, M J; Northington, D J; Strong, P; Culver, B D

1998-09-01

Literature from the first half of this century report concern for toxicity from topical use of boric acid, but assessment of percutaneous absorption has been impaired by lack of analytical sensitivity. Analytical methods in this study included inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry which now allows quantitation of percutaneous absorption of 10B in 10B-enriched boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) in biological matrices. This made it possible, in the presence of comparatively large natural dietary boron intakes for the in vivo segment of this study, to quantify the boron passing through skin. Human volunteers were dosed with 10B-enriched boric acid, 5.0%, borax, 5.0%, or disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, 10%, in aqueous solutions. Urinalysis, for boron and changes in boron isotope ratios, was used to measure absorption. Boric acid in vivo percutaneous absorption was 0.226 (SD = 0.125) mean percentage dose, with flux and permeability constant (Kp) calculated at 0.009 microgram/cm2/h and 1.9 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. Borax absorption was 0.210 (SD = 0.194) mean percentage of dose, with flux and Kp calculated at 0.009 microgram/cm2/h and 1.8 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. DOT absorption was 0.122 (SD = 0.108) mean percentage, with flux and Kp calculated at 0.01 microgram/cm2/h and 1.0 x 10(-7) cm/h, respectively. Pretreatment with the potential skin irritant 2% sodium lauryl sulfate had no effect on boron skin absorption. In vitro human skin percentage of doses of boric acid absorbed were 1.2 for a 0.05% solution, 0.28 for a 0.5% solution, and 0.70 for a 5.0% solution. These absorption amounts translated into flux values of, respectively, 0.25, 0.58, and 14.58 micrograms/cm2/h and permeability constants (Kp) of 5.0 x 10(-4), 1.2 x 10(-4), and 2.9 x 10(-4) cm/h for the 0.05, 0.5, and 5.0% solutions. The above in vitro doses were at infinite, 1000 microliters/cm2 volume. At 2 microliters/cm2 (the in vivo dosing volume), flux decreased some 200-fold to 0.07 microgram/cm2/h and Kp of 1.4 x 10(-6) cm/h, while percentage of dose absorbed was 1.75%. Borax dosed at 5.0%/1000 microliters/cm2 had 0.41% dose absorbed, flux at 8.5 micrograms/cm2/h, and Kp was 1.7 x 10(-4) cm/h. Disodium octaborate tetrahydrate (DOT) dosed at 10%/1000 microliters/cm2 was 0.19% dose absorbed, flux at 7.9 micrograms/cm2/h, and Kp was 0.8 x 10(-4) cm/h. These in vitro results from infinite doses (1000 microliters/cm2) were 1000-fold greater than those obtained in the companion in vivo study. The results from the finite (2 microliters/cm2) dosing were closer (10-fold difference) to the in vivo results. General application of infinite dose percutaneous absorption values for risk assessment is questioned by these results. These in vivo results show that percutaneous absorption of boron, as boric acid, borax, and disodium octaborate tetrahydrate, through intact human skin, is low and is significantly less than the average daily dietary intake. This very low boron skin absorption makes it apparent that, for the borates tested, the use of gloves to prevent systemic uptake is unnecessary. These findings do not apply to abraded or otherwise damaged skin.

Combined effects of lithium and borate ions on the hydration of calcium sulfoaluminate cement

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cau Dit Coumes, Céline, E-mail: celine.cau-dit-coumes@cea.fr; Dhoury, Mélanie; Champenois, Jean-Baptiste

This work investigates the combined influence of borate and lithium ions on the hydration of two calcium sulfoaluminate (CSA) cements containing 0 or 10 wt% gypsum. On the one hand, borates are known to retard CSA cement hydration due to the rapid precipitation of ulexite. On the other hand, lithium ions accelerate CSA cement hydration thanks to the fast precipitation of Li-containing aluminum hydroxide. When borates and lithium are present simultaneously, these two mechanisms are superimposed. With a gypsum-free cement, a third process is additionally observed: lithium promotes the initial precipitation of a borated AFm phase which is later convertedmore » into a borated AFt phase when hydration accelerates. Lithium salts can counteract the retardation by sodium borate. However, their influence is limited once a sufficient amount of Li-containing Al(OH){sub 3} seeds is formed. For the CSA cements under investigation, the threshold lithium concentration is close to 0.03 mmol/g of cement and similar with or without borate.« less

Synthesis and properties of silver nanoparticles in sodium bismuth borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patwari, D. Rajeshree; Eraiah, B.

2018-04-01

Rare earth doped Sodium Bismuth Borate glass samples with silver chloride were prepared by melt quenching method. X-Ray diffraction pattern was used to confirm the amorphous nature of the samples. UV-Visible Spectra was recorded to study the optical properties. Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) peak was observed due to the formation of silver nanoparticles before and after heat treatment and the presence of silver nanoparticles were confirmed by UV-Visible Spectral studies and transmission electron microscopy. The surface plasmon resonance band became wider and red shifted after longer heat treatment.

Study of structural, surface and hydrogen storage properties of boric acid mediated metal (sodium)-organic frameworks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ozer, Demet; Köse, Dursun A.; Sahin, Onur; Oztas, Nursen A.

2018-04-01

Three boric acid mediated metal organic frameworks were synthesized by solution method with using succinic acid, fumaric acid and acetylene dicarboxylic acid as a ligand source and sodium as a metal source. The complexes were characterized by FT-IR, powder XRD, elemental analyses and single crystal measurements. The complexes with the formula, C4H18B2Na2O14, C4H16B2Na2O14 and C4H14B2Na2O14 were successfully obtained. BET surface area of complexes were calculated and found as 13.474 m2/g for catena-(tetrakis(μ2-hydroxo)-(μ2-trihydrogen borate)-(μ2-succinato)-di-sodium boric acid solvate), 1.692 m2/g for catena-(tetrakis(μ2-hydroxo)-(μ2-trihydrogen borate)-(μ2-fumarato)-di-sodium boric acid solvate) and 5.600 m2/g for catena-(tetrakis(μ2-hydroxo)-(μ2-trihydrogen borate)-(μ2-acetylenedicarboxylato)-di-sodium boric acid solvate). Hydrogen storage capacities of the complexes were also studied at 77 K 1 bar pressure and found as 0.108%, 0.033%, 0.021% by mass. When different ligands were used, the pore volume, pore width and surface area of the obtained complexes were changed. As a consequence, hydrogen storage capacities also changed.

Acute and chronic respiratory effects of sodium borate particulate exposures.

PubMed Central

Wegman, D H; Eisen, E A; Hu, X; Woskie, S R; Smith, R G; Garabrant, D H

1994-01-01

This study examined work-related chronic abnormality in pulmonary function and work-related acute irritant symptoms associated with exposure to borate dust in mining and processing operations. Chronic effects were examined by pulmonary function at the beginning and end of a 7-year interval. Time-specific estimates of sodium borate particulate exposures were used to estimate cumulative exposure during the study interval. Change in pulmonary function over the 7 years was found unrelated to the estimate of cumulative exposure during that interval. Exposure-response associations also were examined with respect to short-term peak exposures and incidence of five symptoms of acute respiratory irritation. Hourly measures of health outcome and continuous measures of particulate exposure were made on each subject throughout the day. Whenever a subject reported one of the irritant symptoms, a symptom intensity score was also recorded along with the approximate time of onset. The findings indicated that exposure-response relationships were present for each of the specific symptoms at several symptom intensity levels. The associations were present when exposure was estimated by both day-long and short-term (15-min) time-weighted average exposures. Associations persisted after taking account of smoking, age, and the presence of a common cold. No significant difference in response rate was found between workers exposed to different types of sodium borate dusts. PMID:7889871

Red light emission from europium doped zinc sodium bismuth borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hegde, Vinod; Viswanath, C. S. Dwaraka; Upadhyaya, Vyasa; Mahato, K. K.; Kamath, Sudha D.

2017-12-01

Zinc sodium bismuth borate (ZNBB) glasses doped with different concentrations of europium were prepared by conventional melt quenching method and characterized through the measurements of density, refractive index, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectra, optical absorption, luminescence and radiative lifetimes. FTIR spectra showed seven characteristic peaks of bismuth and borate functional groups in the range of 400-1600 cm-1. The optical band gap and bonding parameters have been calculated from absorption spectra. Photoluminescence spectra recorded in the visible region with 394 nm excitation are used to calculate the Judd-Ofelt (JO) intensity parameters (Ω2 and Ω4). The JO intensity parameters have been used to calculate the radiative parameters such as branching ratio (β), stimulated emission cross-section (σse), transition probability (A) for the fluorescent level of 5D0→7F2. Decay rates through single exponential are used to calculate the lifetime (τm) of the meta-stable state 5D0 of (Eu3+ ion) these glasses. The radiative parameters measured for all these glasses show 0.7 mol% europium doped zinc sodium bismuth borate glass 5D0→7F2 transition has the potential for red laser applications. The quality of the colour emitted by the present glasses are estimated quantitatively by CIE chromaticity coordinates, which confirms the suitability of these glasses as a red emitting material for field emission technologies and LEDs.

Inhibition of boric acid and sodium borate on the biological activity of microorganisms in an aerobic biofilter.

PubMed

Güneş, Y

2013-01-01

The aim of this work was to study the inhibition effect of boric acid and sodium borate on the treatment of boron containing synthetic wastewater by a down flow aerobic fixed bed biofilm reactor at various chemical oxygen demand (COD)/boron ratios (0.47-20.54). The inhibitory effect of boron on activated sludge was evaluated on the basis of COD removal during the experimental period. The biofilter (effective volume = 2.5 L) was filled with a ring of plastic material inoculated with acclimated activated sludge. The synthetic wastewater composed of glucose, urea, KH2PO4, MgSO4, Fe2 SO4, ZnSO4 x 7H20, KCl, CaCl2, and di-sodium tetraborate decahydrate or boric acid (B = 100-2000 mg L(-1)). The biological treatment of boron containing wastewater resulted in a low treatment removal rate due to the reduced microbial activity as a result of toxic effects of high boron concentrations. The decrease in the COD removal rate by the presence of either boric acid or sodium borate was practically indistinguishable. It was observed from the experiments that about 90-95% of COD removal was possible at high COD/boron ratios.

Striking Effects of Storage Buffers on Apparent Half-Lives of the Activity of Pseudomonas aeruginosa Arylsulfatase.

PubMed

Li, Yuwei; Yang, Xiaolan; Wang, Deqiang; Hu, Xiaolei; Yuan, Mei; Pu, Jun; Zhan, Chang-Guo; Yang, Zhaoyong; Liao, Fei

2016-08-01

To obtain the label enzyme for enzyme-linked-immunoabsorbent-assay of two components each time in one well with conventional microplate readers, molecular engineering of Pseudomonas aeruginosa arylsulfatase (PAAS) is needed. To compare thermostability of PAAS/mutants of limited purity, effects of buffers on the half-activity time (t 0.5) at 37 °C were tested. At pH 7.4, PAAS showed non-exponential decreases of activity, with the apparent t 0.5 of ~6.0 days in 50 mM HEPES, but ~42 days in 10 mM sodium borate with >85 % activity after 15 days; protein concentrations in both buffers decreased at slower rates after there were significant decreases of activities. Additionally, the apparent t 0.5 of PAAS was ~14 days in 50 mM Tris-HCl, and ~21 days in 10 mM sodium phosphate. By sodium dodecyl-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the purified PAAS gave single polypeptide; after storage for 14 days at 37 °C, there were many soluble and insoluble fragmented polypeptides in the HEPES buffer, but just one principal insoluble while negligible soluble fragmented polypeptides in the borate buffer. Of tested mutants in the neutral borate buffer, rates for activity decreases and polypeptide degradation were slower than in the HEPES buffer. Hence, dilute neutral borate buffers were favorable for examining thermostability of PAAS/mutants.

Recovery of Iron from Chromium Vanadium-Bearing Titanomagnetite Concentrate by Direct Reduction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Mingyu; Zhou, Shengfan; Wang, Xuewen; Chen, Bianfang; Yang, Haoxiang; Wang, Saikui; Luo, Pengfei

2016-10-01

The recovery of iron from chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate was investigated by direct reduction, followed by magnetic separation. The results indicated that the metallization rate of iron can reach 98.9% at a temperature of 1200°C for a reduction duration of 60 min with the addition of 16% graphite powder and 0.5% sodium oxalate. Although the addition of borax, sodium carbonate and sodium oxalate to the chromium vanadium-bearing titanomagnetite concentrate can all improve the metallization rate of iron, the effect of sodium oxalate was the best. Sodium oxalate not only increases the metallization rate of iron but also promotes the growth of metallic iron. After magnetic separating, the recovery of iron was 92.8% and the iron content of magnetic concentrate was 88.4%.

THE KINETICS OF SAPONIFICATION OF IODOACETIC ACID BY SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND BY CERTAIN ALKALINE BUFFER SOLUTIONS.

PubMed

Brdicka, R

1936-07-20

1. The rate of the saponification of iodoacetic acid in sodium hydroxide and alkaline buffer solutions yielding glycollic acid was measured by means of Heyrovský's polarographic method. 2. From the bimolecular velocity constants, increasing with the ionic strength of the solution, the Brönsted factor, F, which characterizes the primary salt effect, was calculated. 3. In the borate buffer solutions the monomolecular constants of the saponification were determined which, at values above the pH of neutralization of boric acid, show a proportionality to the concentration of hydroxyl anions. Below the pH of neutralization of boric acid, they are proportional to the concentration of borate anions.

Sodium entry through endothelial store-operated calcium entry channels: regulation by Orai1

PubMed Central

Xu, Ningyong; Cioffi, Donna L.; Alexeyev, Mikhail; Rich, Thomas C.

2014-01-01

Orai1 interacts with transient receptor potential protein of the canonical subfamily (TRPC4) and contributes to calcium selectivity of the endothelial cell store-operated calcium entry current (ISOC). Orai1 silencing increases sodium permeability and decreases membrane-associated calcium, although it is not known whether Orai1 is an important determinant of cytosolic sodium transitions. We test the hypothesis that, upon activation of store-operated calcium entry channels, Orai1 is a critical determinant of cytosolic sodium transitions. Activation of store-operated calcium entry channels transiently increased cytosolic calcium and sodium, characteristic of release from an intracellular store. The sodium response occurred more abruptly and returned to baseline more rapidly than did the transient calcium rise. Extracellular choline substitution for sodium did not inhibit the response, although 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and YM-58483 reduced it by ∼50%. After this transient response, cytosolic sodium continued to increase due to influx through activated store-operated calcium entry channels. The magnitude of this sustained increase in cytosolic sodium was greater when experiments were conducted in low extracellular calcium and when Orai1 expression was silenced; these two interventions were not additive, suggesting a common mechanism. 2-Aminoethoxydiphenyl borate and YM-58483 inhibited the sustained increase in cytosolic sodium, only in the presence of Orai1. These studies demonstrate that sodium permeates activated store-operated calcium entry channels, resulting in an increase in cytosolic sodium; the magnitude of this response is determined by Orai1. PMID:25428882

Alkaline Anaerobic Respiration: Isolation and Characterization of a Novel Alkaliphilic and Metal-Reducing Bacterium

PubMed Central

Ye, Qi; Roh, Yul; Carroll, Susan L.; Blair, Benjamin; Zhou, Jizhong; Zhang, Chuanlun L.; Fields, Matthew W.

2004-01-01

Iron-reducing enrichments were obtained from leachate ponds at the U.S. Borax Company in Boron, Calif. Based on partial small-subunit (SSU) rRNA gene sequences (approximately 500 nucleotides), six isolates shared 98.9% nucleotide identity. As a representative, the isolate QYMF was selected for further analysis. QYMF could be grown with Fe(III)-citrate, Fe(III)-EDTA, Co(III)-EDTA, or Cr(VI) as electron acceptors, and yeast extract and lactate could serve as electron donors. Growth during iron reduction occurred over the pH range of 7.5 to 11.0 (optimum, pH 9.5), a sodium chloride range of 0 to 80 g/liter (optimum, 20 g/liter), and a temperature range of 4 to 45°C (optimum, approximately 35°C), and iron precipitates were formed. QYMF was a strict anaerobe that could be grown in the presence of borax, and the cells were straight rods that produced endospores. Sodium chloride and yeast extract stimulated growth. Phylogenetic analysis of the SSU rRNA gene indicated that the bacterium was a low-G+C gram-positive microorganism and had 96 and 92% nucleotide identity with Alkaliphilus transvaalensis and Alkaliphilus crotonatoxidans, respectively. The major phospholipid fatty acids were 14:1, 16:1ω7c, and 16:0, which were different from those of other alkaliphiles but similar to those of reported iron-reducing bacteria. The results demonstrated that the isolate might represent a novel metal-reducing alkaliphilic species. The name Alkaliphilus metalliredigens sp. nov. is proposed. The isolation and activity of metal-reducing bacteria from borax-contaminated leachate ponds suggest that bioremediation of metal-contaminated alkaline environments may be feasible and have implications for alkaline anaerobic respiration. PMID:15345448

First-harmonic nonlinearities can predict unseen third-harmonics in medium-amplitude oscillatory shear (MAOS)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carey-De La Torre, Olivia; Ewoldt, Randy H.

2018-02-01

We use first-harmonic MAOS nonlinearities from G 1' and G 1″ to test a predictive structure-rheology model for a transient polymer network. Using experiments with PVA-Borax (polyvinyl alcohol cross-linked by sodium tetraborate (borax)) at 11 different compositions, the model is calibrated to first-harmonic MAOS data on a torque-controlled rheometer at a fixed frequency, and used to predict third-harmonic MAOS on a displacement controlled rheometer at a different frequency three times larger. The prediction matches experiments for decomposed MAOS measures [ e 3] and [ v 3] with median disagreement of 13% and 25%, respectively, across all 11 compositions tested. This supports the validity of this model, and demonstrates the value of using all four MAOS signatures to understand and test structure-rheology relations for complex fluids.

Mapping playa evaporite minerals with AVIRIS data: A first report from death valley, California

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crowley, J.K.

1993-01-01

Efflorescent salt crusts in Death Valley, California, were mapped by using Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data and a recently developed least-squares spectral band-fitting algorithm. Eight different saline minerals were remotely identified, including three borates, hydroboracite, pinnoite, and rivadavite, that have not been previously reported from the Death Valley efflorescent crusts. The three borates are locally important phases in the crusts, and at least one of the minerals, rivadavite, appears to be forming directly from brine. Borates and other evaporite minerals provide a basis for making remote chemical measurements of desert hydrologic systems. For example, in the Eagle Borax Spring area, the AVIRIS mineral maps pointed to elevated magnesium and boron levels in the ground waters, and to the action of chemical divides causing subsurface fractionation of calcium. Many other chemical aspects of playa brines should have an expression in the associated evaporite assemblages. Certain anhydrous evaporites, including anhydrite, glauberite, and thenardite, lack absorption bands in the visible and near-infrared wavelength range, and crusts composed of these minerals could not be characterized by using AVIRIS. In these situations, thermal-infrared remote sensing data may complement visible and near-infrared data for mapping evaporites. Another problem occurred in wet areas of Death Valley, where water absorption caused low signal levels in the 2.0-2.5 ??m wavelength region that obscured any spectral features of evaporite minerals. Despite these difficulties, the results of this study demonstrate the potential for using AVIRIS and other imaging spectrometer data to study playa chemistry. Such data can be useful for understanding chemical linkages between evaporites and ground waters, and will facilitate studies of how desert ground-water regimes change through time in response to climatic and other variables. ?? 1993.

THE KINETICS OF SAPONIFICATION OF IODOACETIC ACID BY SODIUM HYDROXIDE AND BY CERTAIN ALKALINE BUFFER SOLUTIONS

PubMed Central

Brdička, R.

1936-01-01

1. The rate of the saponification of iodoacetic acid in sodium hydroxide and alkaline buffer solutions yielding glycollic acid was measured by means of Heyrovský's polarographic method. 2. From the bimolecular velocity constants, increasing with the ionic strength of the solution, the Brönsted factor, F, which characterizes the primary salt effect, was calculated. 3. In the borate buffer solutions the monomolecular constants of the saponification were determined which, at values above the pH of neutralization of boric acid, show a proportionality to the concentration of hydroxyl anions. Below the pH of neutralization of boric acid, they are proportional to the concentration of borate anions. PMID:19872968

Optical and physical properties of sodium lead barium borate glasses doped with praseodymium ion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenkennavar, Susheela K.; Madhu, A.; Eraiah, B.; Kokila, M. K.

2018-05-01

Praseodymium doped sodium lead barium borate glasses have been prepared using single step melt quenching technique. The XRD spectrum confirms amorphous nature of glasses. The optical absorbance studies were carried out on these glasses using PekinElemer Lambda-35 Uv-Vis spectrometer in the range of 200 -1100 nm. The optical direct band gap energies were found to be in the range of 3.62 eV to 3.69 eV and indirect band gap energies were found to be in the range of 3.57 eV to 3.62eV. The refractive indices were measured by using Abbe refractometer the values are in the range of 1.620 to 1.625.

Determination of monosaccharides derivatized with 2-aminobenzoic Acid by capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Abo, Mitsuru; He, Li-Ping; Sato, Kae; Okubo, Akira

2013-01-01

Reducing monosaccharides were derivatized with 2-aminobenzoic acid (2-AA) through reductive amination using sodium cyanoborohydride as a reductant, and the derivatives were separated by capillary zone electrophoresis with UV detection using 50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 5.5) or 150 mM sodium borate-50 mM sodium phosphate (pH 7.0) running buffer. The derivatives of monosaccharides, which are major components of various carbohydrate materials, were completely separated within 25 min.

Less-toxic corrosion inhibitors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Humphries, T. S.

1981-01-01

Combinations of borates, nitrates, phosphates, silicates, and sodium MBT protect aluminum from corrosion in fresh water. Most effective combinations contained sodium phosphate and were alkaline. These inhibitors replace toxic chromates which are subject to governmental restrictions, but must be used in larger quantities. Experimental exposure times varied from 1 to 14 months depending upon nature of submersion solution.

The Role of Newly Discovered Exotoxin (S Toxin) in Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-08-01

sodium or potassium phosphate 6.0-8.0 N-2-hydroxyethylpiperazine-N’-2-ethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) 6.5-8.5 tris 7.0-9.5 sodium borate 7.5-9.5 sodium...was found to be variable with respect to whether sodium or potassium phosphate buffer was used. With sodium phosphate, virtually all the enzyme...activity bound was eluted between 20-100.2M phosphate at pH 6.8. With the potassium salt, elution occurs at 400-?00mM KP04. Since very little protein was

Luminescence study and CIE diagram of certain alkaline sodium lead borate glass for LED applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenkennavar, S. K.; Madhu, A.; Eraiah, B.; Kokila, M. K.

2018-04-01

In the present work, the glass composition 20Na2O -10PbO-10MO -60B2O3 doped with Praseodymium ions have been synthesised using muffle furnace by the conventional melt quenching technique and the effect of Pr3+ ions on optical properties of present glasses have been examined. The emission spectra were recorded in the wavelength range of 450-750nm upon excitation at 450 and 550nm. The Commission International deI'Eclairage (CIE) chromaticity coordinates are determined to estimate the emission colour of the Pr3+ incorporated barium/calcium/strontium sodium lead borate glasses. It is observed that blue LED and red LED applications can be expected by tuning the excitation wavelength applied to the same glass matrices.

Changes in the electrical properties of pure and doped polymers under the influence of small doses of X-rays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahmoud, S. A.; Madi, N. K.; Kassem, M. E.; El-Khatib, A.

A study has been made of the temperature dependence of the d.c. conductivity of pure and borated low density polyethylene LDPE (4% and 8% borax). The above calculations were carried out before and after X-ray irradiation. The irradiation dose was varied from 0 to 1000 rad. The d.c. electrical conductivity of Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and perspex was measured as a function of temperature ranging from 20°C to 100°C. These samples were irradiated with X-rays of dose 200 rad. The variation of the d.c. conductivity of the treated samples versus temperature was investigated. The results reveal that the d.c. conductivity of LDPE is highly affected by radiation and/or dopant. In addition, the sensitivity of the explored polymers to X-ray irradiation is strongly dependent on its chemical nature.

Selections From Kung-Jen JIH-PAO (Source Span: 9 May-30 June 1961) Number 7 -Communist China.

DTIC Science & Technology

1961-08-17

sulphate Ammonium hydrogen carbonate Sodium borate Titaniüm-iron powder Sodium fluoride Silicon dioxide Barium chloride beryllium carbonate ...Vinzenstrasse, 22a :■ P. 0. Box 3521 Aachen, Germany Washington 7> B.C. , Institute de Sociologie Solvay Rue du Chatelain, k9 Brussels, Belgium State... Sodium nitrite Specifications Pure n industrial Boric Acid " A^ua ammonia " Magnesium sulphate Industrial Manganese tedroxide Pure

Order–Disorder Transitions and Superionic Conductivity in the Sodium nido -Undeca(carba)borates

DOE PAGES

Tang, Wan Si; Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Stavila, Vitalie; ...

2017-11-20

The salt compounds NaB 11H 14, Na-7-CB10H13, Li-7-CB 10H 13, Na-7,8-C 2B 9H 12, and Na-7,9-C 2B 9H 12 all contain geometrically similar, monocharged, nido-undeca(carba)borate anions (i.e., truncated icosohedral-shaped clusters constructed of only 11 instead of 12 {B-H} + {C-H} vertices and an additional number of compensating bridging and/or terminal H atoms). We used first-principles calculations, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, neutron vibrational spectroscopy, neutron elastic-scattering fixed-window scans, quasielastic neutron scattering, and electrochemical impedance measurements to investigate their structures, bonding potentials, phase-transition behaviors, anion orientational mobilities, and ionic conductivities compared to those of their closo-poly(carba)borate cousins. All exhibited order-disordermore » phase transitions somewhere between room temperature and 375 K. All disordered phases appear to possess highly reorientationally mobile anions (> ~10 10 jumps s -1 above 300 K) and cation-vacancy-rich, close-packed or body-center-cubic-packed structures [like previously investigated closo-poly(carba)borates]. Moreover, all disordered phases display superionic conductivities but with generally somewhat lower values compared to those for the related sodium and lithium salts with similar monocharged 1-CB 9H 10- and CB 11H 12- closo-carbaborate anions. This study significantly expands the known toolkit of solid-state, poly(carba)borate-based salts capable of superionic conductivities and provides valuable insights into the effect of crystal lattice, unit cell volume, number of carbon atoms incorporated into the anion, and charge polarization on ionic conductivity.« less

Copper-Silicon Bronzes

DTIC Science & Technology

1933-05-11

copper alloys which have good static properties are disa:cinting in their endurance properties. The silicide allo~rs that are given high tensile strength...works satisfactorily, but the best welds 4 have been obtained by using a flux cdmposed of 905 fused borax and i0. sodium fluoride., The flux is...properties re- main almost the same. Grain size increases with sil- icon. III A study of hardening copper by heat treating its alloys with silicides

A Study of Intumescent Reaction Mechanisms.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-08-01

Neoprene Fibers Considered Asbestos Metal Fiber (Steel Wool) Kevlar Mica Glass Fiber Mineral Wool Graphite Refrasil -7- • . . . ’ .. I , "’ - . NADC-84 170...Kevlar o Flexible Epoxy e Metal Fiber (Steel Wool) * Mineral Wool Fillers * Borax * Sodium Metasilicate * Ammonium Phosphate o Aluminum Sulfate...reference tables in Section 2.0] . The mineral wool appears to be the least effec- tive of the five fibers. To optimize thermal performance for a set of

Boron environments in Pyrex® glass--a high resolution, Double-Rotation NMR and thermodynamic modelling study.

PubMed

Howes, A P; Vedishcheva, N M; Samoson, A; Hanna, J V; Smith, M E; Holland, D; Dupree, R

2011-07-07

It is shown, using the important technological glass Pyrex® as an example, that 1D and 2D (11)B Double-Rotation (DOR) NMR experiments, in combination with thermodynamic modelling, are able to provide unique structural information about complex glasses. (11)B DOR NMR has been applied to Pyrex® glass in order to remove both dipolar and quadrupolar broadening of the NMR lines, leading to high resolution spectra that allow unambiguous, accurate peak fitting to be carried out, of particular importance in the case of the 3-coordinated [BO(3)] (B3) trigonal planar environments. The data obtained are of sufficient quality that they can be used to test the distributions of borate and borosilicate superstructural units predicted by the thermodynamics-based Model of Associated Solutions. The model predicts the dominant boron-containing chemical groupings in Pyrex® glass to be those associated with B(2)O(3) and sodium tetraborate (with smaller amounts of sodium triborate, sodium diborate, sodium pentaborate, danburite and reedmergnerite). Excellent agreement is found between model and experiment provided the (11)B peaks with isotropic chemical shifts of -1.4 ppm and 0.5 ppm are assigned to B4 species from borosilicate units ([B(OSi)(4)] and [B(OSi)(3)(OB)]) and borate superstructural units (mainly triborate rings with some pentaborate and diborate) respectively. The peaks with isotropic shifts of 14 ppm and 18.1 ppm are then assigned to B3 in borate superstructural units (mainly triborate and pentaborate along with connecting B3) and boroxol rings respectively. The assignments of the DOR NMR peaks, are supported by the presence of cross-peaks in (11)B spin-diffusion DOR NMR spectra which can be used to develop a structural model in which B(2)O(3)-like regions are linked, via borate and borosilicate superstructural units, to the majority silica network. Pyrex® is thus shown to have a heterogeneous structure, with distinct molecular groupings that are far removed from a random distribution of network polyhedra with only short-range order. This journal is © the Owner Societies 2011

40 CFR 415.270 - Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... borax production subcategory. 415.270 Section 415.270 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION... CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory § 415.270 Applicability; description of the borax production... borax by the ore-mining process and by the Trona process. ...

In vitro stimulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by borate-based glass fibers under dynamic flow conditions.

PubMed

Chen, Sisi; Yang, Qingbo; Brow, Richard K; Liu, Kun; Brow, Katherine A; Ma, Yinfa; Shi, Honglan

2017-04-01

Bioactive borate glass has been recognized to have both hard and soft tissue repair and regeneration capabilities through stimulating both osteogenesis and angiogenesis. However, the underlying biochemical and cellular mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, dynamic flow culturing modules were designed to simulate the micro-environment near the vascular depletion and hyperplasia area in wound-healing regions, thus to better investigate the mechanisms underlying the biocompatibility and functionality of borate-based glass materials. Glass fibers were dosed either upstream or in contact with the pre-seeded cells in the dynamic flow module. Two types of borate glasses, doped with (1605) or without (13-93B3) CuO and ZnO, were studied along with the silicate-based glass, 45S5. Substantial fiber dissolution in cell culture medium was observed, leading to the release of ions (boron, sodium and potassium) and the deposition of a calcium phosphate phase. Different levels of vascular endothelial growth factor secretion were observed from cells exposed to these three glass fibers, and the copper/zinc containing borate 1605 fibers exhibited the most positive influence. These results indicate that dynamic studies of in vitro bioactivity provide useful information to understand the in vivo response to bioactive borate glasses. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Effect of three ophthalmic solutions on chemical conjunctivitis in the neonate.

PubMed

Yasunaga, S

1977-02-01

In an attempt to reduce chemical conjunctivitis after silver nitrate prophylaxis, three different ophthalmic solutions (sodium chloride, sterile water, and a boric acid-sodium borate solution) were used to irrigate the eyes immediately after prophylaxis in 450 neonates. Sterile water significantly reduced (P less than .02) the prevalence of chemical conjunctivitis when compared to the conventional sodium chloride rinse. A significantly greater prevalence of chemical irritation in low-birth-weight infants was also noted (P less than .02).

By-Product Carrying Humidified Hydrogen: An Underestimated Issue in the Hydrolysis of Sodium Borohydride.

PubMed

Petit, Eddy; Miele, Philippe; Demirci, Umit B

2016-07-21

Catalyzed hydrolysis of sodium borohydride generates up to four molecules of hydrogen, but contrary to what has been reported so far, the humidified evolved gas is not pure hydrogen. Elemental and spectroscopic analyses show, for the first time, that borate by-products pollute the stream as well as the vessel. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Effect of borax on immune cell proliferation and sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes

PubMed Central

Pongsavee, Malinee

2009-01-01

Background Borax is used as a food additive. It becomes toxic when accumulated in the body. It causes vomiting, fatigue and renal failure. Methods The heparinized blood samples from 40 healthy men were studied for the impact of borax toxicity on immune cell proliferation (lymphocyte proliferation) and sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes. The MTT assay and Sister Chromatid Exchange (SCE) technic were used in this experiment with the borax concentrations of 0.1, 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/ml. Results It showed that the immune cell proliferation (lymphocyte proliferation) was decreased when the concentrations of borax increased. The borax concentration of 0.6 mg/ml had the most effectiveness to the lymphocyte proliferation and had the highest cytotoxicity index (CI). The borax concentrations of 0.15, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.6 mg/ml significantly induced sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes (P < 0.05). Conclusion Borax had effects on immune cell proliferation (lymphocyte proliferation) and induced sister chromatid exchange in human chromosomes. Toxicity of borax may lead to cellular toxicity and genetic defect in human. PMID:19878537

The effect of MgO on the optical properties of lithium sodium borate doped with Cu+ ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Alajerami, Yasser Saleh Mustafa; Hashim, Suhairul; Hassan, Wan Muhamad Saridan Wan; Ramli, Ahmad Termizi; Saleh, Muneer Aziz

2013-04-01

The current work presented the photoluminescence (PL) properties of a new glass system, which are reported for the first time. Based on the attractive properties of borate glass, a mixture of boric acid (70-x mol %) modified with lithium (20 mol %) and sodium carbonate (10 mol %) was prepared. The current study illustrated the effect of dopant and co-dopant techniques on the lithium sodium borate (LNB). Firstly, 0.1 mol % of copper ions doped with LNB was excited at 610 nm. The emission spectrum showed two prominent peaks in the violet region (403 and 440 nm). Then, we remarked the effect of adding different concentration of MgO on the optical properties of LNB. The results showed the great effect of magnesium oxide on the PL intensities (enhanced more than two times). Moreover, an obvious shifting has been defined toward the blue region (440 → 475 nm). The up-conversion optical properties were observed in all emission spectra. This enhancement is contributed to the energy transfer from MgO ions to monovalent Cu+ ion. It is well known that magnesium oxide alone generates weak emission intensity, but during this increment the MgO act as an activator (co-doped) for Cu+ ions. Finally, energy band gap, density, ion concentration, molar volume, Polaron radius and inter-nuclear distance all were measured for the current samples. The current samples were subjected to XRD for amorphous confirmation and IR for glass characterization before and after dopants addition. Finally, some of significant physical and optical parameters were also calculated.

A study of physical and optical absorption spectra of VO2+ ions in potassium and sodium oxide borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Srinivas, G.; Ramesh, B.; Kumar, J. Siva; Shareefuddin, Md.; Chary, M. N.; Sayanna, R.

2016-05-01

Spectroscopic and physical properties of V2O5 doped mixed alkali borate glasses are investigated. Borate glasses containing fixed concentrations of alkaline earth oxides (MgO and BaO) and alkali oxides (K2O and Na2O) were changes and are prepared by melt quenching technique. The values of ri, rp, Rm, αm molar volume and Λth increase and oxygen packing density, density and dopant ion concentration decrease with increasing of K2O content. As a result there shall be an increase in the disorder of the glass network. The optical band gap energies, Urbach energy, boron-boron separation,refractive index, dielectric constant, electronic polarizability and reflection loss values are varies nonlinearly with the K2O content which manifests the mixed alkali effect.

Thermoluminescence (TL) dosimeter of dysprosium doped strontium borate glass for different glass modifiers (Na, Li, Ca) subjected from 1 to 9 Gy doses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamzah, S. A.; Saeed, M. A.; Wagiran, H.; Hashim, I. H.

2017-10-01

This article reports TL response for different glass modifier and doping concentration. Alkali oxides (Na2O and Li2O) and alkali earth oxide (CaO) will be used as a glass modifier for strontium borate based glass. The samples were prepared by melt quenching technique. Dy2O3 concentrations ranging from 0.00 to 0.70 mol% and exposure doses of 1 to 9 Gy will be varied. All glass samples exhibit the prominent peak temperature positioned at 186 oC to 232 oC. From all the samples, one of the samples shows an excellent linearity dose response, higher TL and show good reproducibility after 5 cycles exposure which is sodium strontium borate doped with 0.1 mol% Dy2O3 (optimum concentration).

49 CFR 1248.101 - Commodity codes required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Chemical and Fertilizer Minerals. 14711 Barite. 14713 Potash, soda and borate. 14714 Phosphate rock. 14715... Organic Chemicals. 2812 Sodium, potassium, and other basic inorganic chemical compounds and chlorine... industrial organic chemicals. 28184 Alcohols. 2819 Miscellaneous industrial inorganic chemicals. 28193...

40 CFR 436.130 - Applicability; description of the borax subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... borax subcategory. 436.130 Section 436.130 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.130 Applicability; description of the borax subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

40 CFR 415.270 - Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the borax... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory § 415.270 Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory. The...

40 CFR 415.270 - Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the borax... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory § 415.270 Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory. The...

40 CFR 415.270 - Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the borax... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory § 415.270 Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory. The...

40 CFR 415.270 - Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the borax... (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory § 415.270 Applicability; description of the borax production subcategory. The...

40 CFR 436.130 - Applicability; description of the borax subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... borax subcategory. 436.130 Section 436.130 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.130 Applicability; description of the borax subcategory. The provisions of this subpart are...

Recovery of Iron from Hematite-Rich Diasporic-Type Bauxite Ore

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Tao; Li, Zhuoxuan; Yang, Lin; Li, Guanghui; Zhang, Yuanbo; Zeng, Jinghua

A technique has been proposed for recovering iron from hematite-rich diasporic-type bauxite ore in this study. Direct reduction roasting followed by low intensity wet magnetic separation process was carried out. The parameters including reduction temperature and time, sodium salts, grinding conditions and magnetic field intensity for separation of iron were determined. The optimum process parameters as follows: roasting temperature of 1050 °C, time of 60 min, sodium salts involving sodium sulfate, borax, sodium carbonate with dosages of 10 wt%, 2 wt%, 35 wt% respectively, and magnetic field intensity of 1000 Gs with fineness of pulp reached 92.75% passing -0.074mm. Under the optimal conditions, an iron concentrate containing 88.17% total iron grade and iron recovery of 92.51% was obtained, 4.55% total iron grade in tailings. This novel technique provide a potential route for utilizing hematiterich diasporic bauxite ore, recovering iron resource firstly, and extracting alumina from magnetic separation tailings further.

Corrosion inhibitors for solar-heating and cooling

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Humphries, T. S.

1979-01-01

Report describes results of tests conducted to evaluate abilities of 12 candidate corrosion inhibitors to protect aluminum, steel, copper, or stainless steel at typical conditions encountered in solar heating and cooling systems. Inhibitors are based on sodium salts including nitrates, borates, silicates, and phosphates.

Separation and determination of epinephrine and dopamine in traditional Chinese medicines by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography with laser induced fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Dong, Yuming; Chen, Hongli; Chen, Yonglei; Hui, Yang; Chen, Xingguo; Hu, Zhide

2006-08-01

A micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method with laser-induced fluorescence detection was developed for the analysis of epinephrine and dopamine after derivatization with 4-chloro-7-nitrobenzo-2-oxa-1,3-diazole. The optimum derivatization conditions were: 30 mM sodium borate (pH adjusted to 8.0 with 1.0 M HCl), reaction time 30 min at 60 degrees C. Baseline separation was achieved within 14 min with a running buffer composed of 10 mM sodium borate + 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH adjusted to 9.5 with 0.1 M NaOH) and an applied voltage of 15 kV. Good linearity relationships (correlation coefficients: 0.9991 for epinephrine and 0.9985 for dopamine) between peak areas and concentrations of the analytes were obtained. The detection limits and quantification limits for epinephrine and dopamine were 0.0038 mg/L and 0.013 mg/L, and 0.065 mg/L and 0.020 mg/L, respectively. The method was applied to the analysis of the two compounds in two Chinese medicines with recoveries in the range of 92.6-108.7%.

Reactive belite stabilization mechanisms by boron-bearing dopants

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cuesta, Ana; Losilla, Enrique R.; Aranda, Miguel A.G.

2012-04-15

Belite-rich cements hold promise for reduced energy consumption and CO{sub 2} emissions, but their use is hindered by the slow hydration rates of ordinary belites. This drawback may be overcome by activation of belite by doping. Here, the doping mechanism of B and Na/B in belites is reported. For B-doping, three solid solutions have been tested: Ca{sub 2-x/2{open_square}x/2}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(BO{sub 3}){sub x}, Ca{sub 2}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(BO{sub 3}){sub x}O{sub x/2} and Ca{sub 2-x}B{sub x}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(BO{sub 4}){sub x}. The experimental results support the substitution of silicate groups by tetrahedral borate groups with the concomitant substitution of calcium by boron for chargemore » compensation, Ca{sub 2-x}B{sub x}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(BO{sub 4}){sub x}. Otherwise, the coupled Na/B-doping of belite has also been investigated and Ca{sub 2-x}Na{sub x}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 1-x}(BO{sub 3}){sub x} series is confirmed to exist for a large range of x values. Along this series, {alpha}'{sub H}-C{sub 2}S is the main phase (for x {>=} 0.10) and is single phase for x = 0.25. Finally, a new structural description for borax doping in belite has been developed for {alpha}'{sub H}-Ca{sub 1.85}Na{sub 0.15}(SiO{sub 4}){sub 0.85}(BO{sub 3}){sub 0.15}, which fits better borax activated belite cements in Rietveld mineralogical analysis.« less

Is Boric Acid Toxic to Reproduction in Humans? Assessment of the Animal Reproductive Toxicity Data and Epidemiological Study Results.

PubMed

Duydu, Yalçın; Başaran, Nurşen; Ustündağ, Aylin; Aydın, Sevtap; Undeğer, Ulkü; Ataman, Osman Yavuz; Aydos, Kaan; Düker, Yalçın; Ickstadt, Katja; Waltrup, Brita Schulze; Golka, Klaus; Bolt, Hermann Maximilian

2016-01-01

Boric acid and sodium borates are classified as toxic to reproduction in the CLP Regulation under "Category 1B" with the hazard statement of "H360FD". This classification is based on the reprotoxic effects of boric acid and sodium borates in animal experiments at high doses. However, boron mediated reprotoxic effects have not been proven in epidemiological studies so far. The epidemiological study performed in Bandırma boric acid production plant is the most comprehensive published study in this field with 204 voluntarily participated male workers. Sperm quality parameters (sperm morphology, concentration and motility parameters), FSH, LH and testosterone levels were determined in all participated employees as the reproductive toxicity biomarkers of males. However, boron mediated unfavorable effects on reproduction in male workers have not been determined even in the workers under very high daily boron exposure (0.21 mg B/kg-bw/day) conditions. The NOAEL for rat reproductive toxicity is equivalent to a blood boron level of 2020 ng/g. This level is higher than the mean blood boron concentration (223.89 ± 69.49 ng/g) of the high exposure group workers in Bandırma boric acid production plant (Turkey) by a factor of 9. Accordingly, classifying boric acid and sodium borates under "Category 1B" as "presumed reproductive human toxicant in the CLP regulation seems scientifically not reasonable. The results of the epidemiological studies (including the study performed in China) support for a down-classification of boric acid from the category 1B, H360FD to category 2, H361d, (suspected of damaging the unborn child).

Reaction of sodium calcium borate glasses to form hydroxyapatite.

PubMed

Han, Xue; Day, Delbert E

2007-09-01

This study investigated the transformation of two sodium calcium borate glasses to hydroxyapatite (HA). The chemical reaction was between either 1CaO . 2Na(2)O . 6B(2)O(3) or 2CaO . 2Na(2)O . 6B(2)O(3) glass and a 0.25 M phosphate (K(2)HPO(4)) solution at 37, 75 and 200 degrees C. Glass samples in the form of irregular particles (125-180 microm) and microspheres (45-90 and 125-180 microm) were used in order to understand the reaction mechanism. The effect of glass composition (calcium content) on the weight loss rate and reaction temperature on crystal size, crystallinity and grain shape of the reaction products were studied. Carbonated HA was made by dissolving an appropriate amount of carbonate (K(2)CO(3)) in the 0.25 M phosphate solution. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy were used to characterize the reaction products. The results show that sodium calcium borate glasses can be transformed to HA by reacting with a phosphate solution. It is essentially a process of dissolution of glass and precipitation of HA. The transformation begins from an amorphous state to calcium-deficient HA without changing the size and shape of the original glass sample. Glass with a lower calcium content (1CaO . 2Na(2)O . 6B(2)O(3)), or reacted at an elevated temperature (75 degrees C), has a higher reaction rate. The HA crystal size increases and grain shape changes from spheroidal to cylindrical as temperature increases from 37 to 200 degrees C. Increase in carbonate concentration can also decrease the crystal size and yield a more needle-like grain shape.

METHOD OF PURIFYING RADIOACTIVE WATER

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Acfi, D.; Schmitt, M.; Neveu, M.

The utilization of lithothamnium calcareum as an ion exchanger for the decontamination of radioactive water is described. In order to retain cobalt and strontium the ion exchanger is mixed with calcium silicate or borate; alternatively sodium phosphate is added to the water prior to the purification process. (NPO)

Direct enantioseparation of catechin and epicatechin in tea drinks by 6-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

PubMed

Kodama, Shuji; Yamamoto, Atsushi; Matsunaga, Akinobu; Yanai, Hiroko

2004-08-01

Cyclodextrin-modified micellar electrokinetic chromatography was applied to the enantioseparation of catechin and epicatechin using 6-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin together with sodium dodecyl sulfate and borate-phosphate buffer. Factors affecting chiral resolution and migration time of catechin and epicatechin were studied. The optimum running conditions were found to be 200 mM borate-20 mM phosphate buffer (pH 6.4) containing 25 mM 6-O-alpha-D-glucosyl-beta-cyclodextrin and 240 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate with an effective voltage of +25 kV at 20 degrees C using direct detection at 210 nm. Under these conditions, the resolution (Rs) of racemic catechin and epicatechin were 4.15 and 1.92, respectively. With this system, catechin and epicatechin enantiomers along with other four catechins ((-)-catechin gallate, (-)-epicatechin gallate, (-)-epigallocatechin, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate) and caffeine in tea samples were analyzed successfully. The difference of migration time between catechin and epicatechin is discussed.

Degradable borate glass polyalkenoate cements.

PubMed

Shen, L; Coughlan, A; Towler, M; Hall, M

2014-04-01

Glass polyalkenoate cements (GPCs) containing aluminum-free borate glasses having the general composition Ag2O-Na2O-CaO-SrO-ZnO-TiO2-B2O3 were evaluated in this work. An initial screening study of sixteen compositions was used to identify regions of glass formation and cement compositions with promising rheological properties. The results of the screening study were used to develop four model borate glass compositions for further study. A second round of rheological experiments was used to identify a preferred GPC formulation for each model glass composition. The model borate glasses containing higher levels of TiO2 (7.5 mol %) tended to have longer working times and shorter setting times. Dissolution behavior of the four model GPC formulations was evaluated by measuring ion release profiles as a function of time. All four GPC formulations showed evidence of incongruent dissolution behavior when considering the relative release profiles of sodium and boron, although the exact dissolution profile of the glass was presumably obscured by the polymeric cement matrix. Compression testing was undertaken to evaluate cement strength over time during immersion in water. The cements containing the borate glass with 7.5 mol % TiO2 had the highest initial compressive strength, ranging between 20 and 30 MPa. No beneficial aging effect was observed-instead, the strength of all four model GPC formulations was found to degrade with time.

Titanium addition influences antibacterial activity of bioactive glass coatings on metallic implants.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Omar; Stone, Wendy; Schemitsch, Emil H; Zalzal, Paul; Waldman, Stephen; Papini, Marcello; Towler, Mark R

2017-10-01

In an attempt to combat the possibility of bacterial infection and insufficient bone growth around metallic, surgical implants, bioactive glasses may be employed as coatings. In this work, silica-based and borate-based glass series were synthesized for this purpose and subsequently characterized in terms of antibacterial behavior, solubility and cytotoxicity. Borate-based glasses were found to exhibit significantly superior antibacterial properties and increased solubility compared to their silica-based counterparts, with BRT0 and BRT3 (borate-based glasses with 0 and 15 mol% of titanium dioxide incorporated, respectively) outperforming the remainder of the glasses, both borate and silicate based, in these respects. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy confirmed the release of zinc ions (Zn 2+ ), which has been linked to the antibacterial abilities of glasses SRT0, BRT0 and BRT3, with inhibition effectively achieved at concentrations lower than 0.7 ppm. In vitro cytotoxicity studies using MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts confirmed that cell proliferation was affected by all glasses in this study, with decreased proliferation attributed to a faster release of sodium ions over calcium ions in both glass series, factor known to slow cell proliferation in vitro .

PHOTOGRAPHIC FILM DEVELOPER

DOEpatents

Berry, F.G.

1958-06-24

S>An improved photographic developer is presented having very high energy development fine grain characteristics and a long shelf life. These characteristics are obtained by the use of aminoacetic acid in the developer, the other constituents of which are: sodium sulfite, hydroquinone, sodiunn borate, boric acid and potassium bromide, 1-phenyl-3-pyrazolidone.

Utilization of natural indicators for borax identification in the Indonesian tofu

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Purbaningtias, Tri Esti; Lestari, Intan Dwi; Wiyantoko, Bayu; Kurniawati, Puji; Sriadryani, Devi

2017-03-01

Borax has been found in food products i.e. on the Indonesian Tofu that is often consumed by people. Generally, the identification of borax in food products hard to do by the public. Indicators of natural materials will allow the public to identify the presence of borax in food easier. Qualitative test for borax on Indonesian Tofu showed purple cabbage and sappanwood are the effective natural indicators. The result of determining borax on Indonesian Tofu indicated natural indicator from purple cabbage had the smallest correction factor (with conventional indicators PP) about 4.8%. The results of the validation method for purple cabbage indicator in acid-base titration showed that the purple cabbage indicator is homogenous but unstable. The natural indicators of purple cabbage could not be used again after three days of extraction time based on the results of control chart.

Interfacing Capillary-Based Separations to Mass Spectrometry Using Desorption Electrospray Ionization

PubMed Central

Barbula, Griffin K.; Safi, Samir; Chingin, Konstantin; Perry, Richard H.; Zare, Richard N.

2014-01-01

The powerful hybrid analysis method of capillary-based separations followed by mass spectrometric analysis gives substantial chemical identity and structural information. It is usually carried out using electrospray ionization. However, the salts and detergents used in the mobile phase for electrokinetic separations suppress ionization efficiencies and contaminate the inlet of the mass spectrometer. This report describes a new method that uses desorption electrospray ionization (DESI) to overcome these limitations. Effluent from capillary columns is deposited on a rotating Teflon disk that is covered with paper. As the surface rotates, the temporal separation of the eluting analytes (i.e., the electropherogram) is spatially encoded on the surface. Then, using DESI, surface-deposited analytes are preferentially ionized, reducing the effects of ion suppression and inlet contamination on signal. With the use of this novel approach, two capillary-based separations were performed: a mixture of the rhodamine dyes at milligram/milliliter levels in a 10 mM sodium borate solution was separated by capillary electrophoresis, and a mixture of three cardiac drugs at milligram/milliliter levels in a 12.5 mM sodium borate and 12.5 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate solution was separated by micellar electrokinetic chromatography. In both experiments, the negative effects of detergents and salts on the MS analyses were minimized. PMID:21319740

New laser media based on microporous glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Altshuler, G.B.; Bakanov, V.A.; Dulneva, E.G.

The results of the investigation of new class of the laser media based on dye solutions impregnated microporous glasses are presented. Based on such media highly effective active elements of tunable dye lasers and passive modulators for solid-state lasers are created. This article is devoted to laser media of the new type - the heterogenous solid-liquid media on the basis of the impregnated by the solutions of the dyes of the microporous glasses. The microporous glasses represent themselves the products of the leaching of heat - treated sodium borosilicate glasses of a certain composition range. As a result of heatmore » treatment is realized the phase separated glass. It consists of two interconnected phases: the silica rich phase and the chemical unstable sodium - borate - rich phase. If we place this glass in the acid then the ions of sodium and borate will be transfered to the solution. As a result we obtain the porous glass and this process produces the continuous claster. Therefore it could be easily impregnated by liquids and gases. We now have the technology that permits us to obtain the samples with the volume porosity from ten to fifty percent and the size of this poroses could be varied from twenty angstroms up to one thousand angstroms.« less

Potency of Purple Sweet Potato’s Anthocyanin as Biosensor for Detection of Chemicals in Food Products

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wulandari, A.; Sunarti, TC; Fahma, F.; Noor, E.

2018-05-01

Bioactive compounds such as anthocyanin are a natural ingredient that produces color with typical specificity. Anthocyanin from Ayamurasaki purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) was extracted in ethanol and used as crude anthocyanin extracts. The color of bioactive anthocyanin can be used as a biosensor to detect chemical of food products because it provides a unique color change. However, the each bioactive has a particular sensitivity and selectivity to a specific chemical, so it is necessary to select and test the selectivity. Six chemicals, which were sodium nitrite, sodium benzoate, sodium cyclamate (food additives), formalin, borax (illegal food preservatives), and residue fertilizer (urea) were tested and observed for its color change. The results showed that the bioactive anthocyanin of purple sweet potato with the concentration of ± 42.65 ppm had better selectivity and sensitivity to sodium nitrite with a detection limit of 100 ppm, where the color change response time ranged from 15-20 minutes. The selectivity and sensitivity of this bioactive can be used as the basic information for the development of biosensor.

A study of physical and optical absorption spectra of VO{sup 2+} ions in potassium and sodium oxide borate glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Srinivas, G., E-mail: srinu123g@gmail.com; Ramesh, B.; Kumar, J. Siva

2016-05-23

Spectroscopic and physical properties of V{sub 2}O{sub 5} doped mixed alkali borate glasses are investigated. Borate glasses containing fixed concentrations of alkaline earth oxides (MgO and BaO) and alkali oxides (K{sub 2}O and Na{sub 2}O) were changes and are prepared by melt quenching technique. The values of r{sub i}, r{sub p}, R{sub m}, α{sub m} molar volume and Λ{sub th} increase and oxygen packing density, density and dopant ion concentration decrease with increasing of K{sub 2}O content. As a result there shall be an increase in the disorder of the glass network. The optical band gap energies, Urbach energy, boron-boronmore » separation,refractive index, dielectric constant, electronic polarizability and reflection loss values are varies nonlinearly with the K{sub 2}O content which manifests the mixed alkali effect.« less

Capacity enhancement of aqueous borohydride fuels for hydrogen storage in liquids

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schubert, David; Neiner, Doinita; Bowden, Mark

2015-10-01

In this work we demonstrate enhanced hydrogen storage capacities through increased solubility of sodium borate product species in aqueous media achieved by adjusting the sodium (NaOH) to boron (B(OH) 3) ratio, i.e., M/B, to obtain a distribution of polyborate anions. For a 1:1 mole ratio of NaOH to B(OH) 3, M/B = 1, the ratio of the hydrolysis product formed from NaBH 4 hydrolysis, the sole borate species formed and observed by 11B NMR is sodium metaborate, NaB(OH) 4. When the ratio is 1:3 NaOH to B(OH) 3, M/B = 0.33, a mixture of borate anions is formed and observedmore » as a broad peak in the 11B NMR spectrum. The complex polyborate mixture yields a metastable solution that is difficult to crystallize. Given the enhanced solubility of the polyborate mixture formed when M/B = 0.33 it should follow that the hydrolysis of sodium octahydrotriborate, NaB 3H 8, can provide a greater storage capacity of hydrogen for fuel cell applications compared to sodium borohydride while maintaining a single phase. Accordingly, the hydrolysis of a 23 wt% NaB 3H 8 solution in water yields a solution having the same complex polyborate mixture as formed by mixing a 1:3 molar ratio of NaOH and B(OH) 3 and releases >8 eq of H 2. By optimizing the M/B ratio a complex mixture of soluble products, including B 3O 3(OH) 5 2-, B 4O 5(OH) 4 2-, B 3O 3(OH) 4-, B 5O 6(OH) 4- and B(OH) 3, can be maintained as a single liquid phase throughout the hydrogen release process. Consequently, hydrolysis of NaB 3H 8 can provide a 40% increase in H 2 storage density compared to the hydrolysis of NaBH 4 given the decreased solubility of sodium metaborate. The authors would like to thank Jim Sisco and Paul Osenar of Protonex Inc. for useful discussion regarding liquid hydrogen storage materials for portable power applications and the U.S. DoE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy Fuel Cell Technologies Office for their continued interest in liquid hydrogen storage carriers. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory is a multi-program national laboratory operated for DOE by Battelle. The authors dedicate the work to the memory of Professor Sheldon Shore. His contributions to boron hydride chemistry set the foundation for many who have followed.« less

Compared production behavior of borax and unborax premixed SiC reinforcement Al7Si-Mg-TiB alloys composites with semi-solid stir casting method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haryono, M. B.; Sulardjaka, Nugroho, Sri

2016-04-01

The present study was aimed to investigate the effect of borax additive on physical and mechanical properties of Al7Si-Mg-TiB with the reinforcement of silicon carbide. In this case, the different weight percentage from the reinforcement of SiC (10, 15, and 20% wt), and the borax additive (ratio 1:4) were homogenously added into the matrix by employing the semi-solid stir casting method at the temperature of 590°C. Al7Si-Mg-TiB melted in an electric resistance furnace at 800°C for 25 minutes and the holding time of 5 minutes; SiC was stirred with borax inside the chamber and heated at the temperature of 250°C for 25 minutes. Then, it melted by lowing the temperature into 590°C. The SiC-borax mixture was added into the electric resistance furnace, and automatically stirred by the stirrer at a constant speed (500 rpm for 3 minutes) in the composite A17Si-Mg-TiB. It melted when heated at 750°C for 17minutes,then, casting was performed on the prepared mould. The characterizations of Al7Si-Mg-TiB-SiC/borax were porosity, hardness, and microstructure on the Al7Si-Mg-TiB-SiC/ borax. The porosity of AMC tended to increase along with the increaseof the wt% SiC (1.4%-3.6%); however, borax additive underwent a decrease in porosity (0.14%-1.3%). Further, hardness tended to improve along with the increase of wt% SiC. The unboraxmixture had 79,6 HRB up to 94 HRB. Whereas, the borax additive mixture had 105,8 HRB up to 121 HRB.

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SuperConductor (Beyond: (but via!!!) MgB2, Cuprates, Pnictides) Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, Wendell; Siegel, Edward

2011-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe new applications: charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield ("N-NW" of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1, 2 & 4, 927(1987)]-"land" predicted high-EST-POSSIBLE Tc SC "LiD2"; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a)11,45(1972);Semiconductors.and Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb-IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term NOT "CO2" BUT C-sequestration: PROFITABLE "Grab and Sell" TRUMPS "cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in "borax-(GLASS)-beads"; and very-earlySiegel [{3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy }(1980)-vol.5/p.459!!!] "FLYING-WATER" Hindenberg-effect (H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via Hydrogen-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy "chemical-rain-in-pipelines", only via Siegel proprietary "magnetic-hydrogen-valve"(MHV): Renewables-Hydrogen-Water flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating-system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

Low toxic corrosion inhibitors for aluminum in fresh water

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Humphries, T. S.

1978-01-01

Combinations of chemical compounds that reportedly reduce the corrosion of aluminum in fresh water were evaluated. These included combinations of borates, nitrates, nitrites, phosphates, silicates, and mercaptobenzothiazole. Eight of fifty inhibitor combinations evaluated gave excellent corrosion protection and compared favorably with sodium chromate, which has generally been considered standard for many years.

An Improvement to Low-Level Radioactive Waste Vitrification Processes.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-05-01

waste stream. 3 9 Sodium and Potassium tetraphenyl borates are both cited in the literature as having high cesium selectivity. 23󈧝󈧫 The thermal... Ferrate (II) Impregnated Zeolite for Cesium Removal from Radioactive Waste," Nuc. Tech., 58, p.242, ANS, La Grange Park, Illinois, (1982T. 29. F.V

Separation of flavonol-2-O-glycosides from Calendula officinalis and Sambucus nigra by high-performance liquid and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.

PubMed

Pietta, P; Bruno, A; Mauri, P; Rava, A

1992-02-28

Calendula officinalis and Sambucus nigra flowers were analysed by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MECC). RP-HPLC was performed on C8 Aquapore RP 300 columns with eluents containing 2-propanol and tetrahydrofuran. MECC was carried out on a 72-cm fused-silica capillary using sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium borate (pH 8.3) as the running buffer. The results obtained by these techniques are compared.

High performances of dual network PVA hydrogel modified by PVP using borax as the structure-forming accelerator

PubMed Central

Huang, Min; Hou, Yi; Li, Yubao; Wang, Danqing; Zhang, Li

2017-01-01

Abstract A dual network hydrogel made up of polyvinylalcohol (PVA) crosslinked by borax and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was prepared by means of freezing-thawing circles. Here PVP was incorporated by linking with PVA to form a network structure, while the introduction of borax played the role of crosslinking PVA chains to accelerate the formation of a dual network structure in PVA/PVP composite hydrogel, thus endowing the hydrogel with high mechanical properties. The effects of both PVP and borax on the hydrogels were evaluated by comparing the two systems of PVA/PVP/borax and PVA/borax hydrogels. In the former system, adding 4.0% PVP not only increased the water content and the storage modulus but also enhanced the mechanical strength of the final hydrogel. But an overdose of PVP just as more than 4.0% tended to undermine the structure of hydrogels, and thus deteriorated hydrogels’ properties because of the weakened secondary interaction between PVP and PVA. Likewise, increasing borax could promote the gel crosslinking degree, thus making gels show a decrease in water content and swelling ratio, meanwhile shrinking the pores inside the hydrogels and finally enhancing the mechanical strength of hydrogels prominently. The developed hydrogel with high performances holds great potential for applications in biomedical and industrial fields. PMID:29491822

Intracrystalline site preference of hydrogen isotopes in borax

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pradhananga, T.M.; Matsuo, S.

1985-01-03

The total hydrogen involved in borax synthesized at 25/sup 0/C in aqueous solution is enriched in deuterium by 5.3% compared with the mother liquor. There is no change in the value of the D/H fractionation factor between the hydrogen in borax and those in the mother liquor with changes in the degree of supersaturation. The fractionation factor changes slightly with a change in the crystallization temperature of borax in the range from 5 to 25/sup 0/C. The D/H ratio in the different sites of borax was estimated by a fractional dehydration technique. The results show that hydrogen atoms of themore » polyanionic group (B/sub 4/O/sub 5/(OH)/sub 4/) are much more enriched in deuterium than those of the cationic group (Na/sub 2/ x 8H/sub 2/O). The delta D values, referred to the mother liquor from which the borax was crystallized, for the cationic group (site A) and the polyanionic group (site B) are -35 +/- 3 and 167 +/- 13%, respectively based on the fractional dehydration results obtained at -21/sup 0/C. At -21/sup 0/C, isotopic exchange between different sites during dehydration is assumed not to occur. The mechanism for dehydration of borax is discussed. 48 references, 8 figures, 3 tables.« less

Optimal conditions for elution of hepatitis B antigen after absorption onto colloidal silica.

PubMed Central

Pillot, J; Goueffon, S; Keros, R G

1976-01-01

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBSAg) adsorbed from sera onto colloidal silica could be completely eluted through the use of 0.25% sodium deoxycholate in 0.01 M borax, pH 9.3, at 56 degrees C. The HBSAg recovered in the eluate represented 100% of that present in the original serum, and it was contaminated by only trace amounts of serum proteins (in decreasing amounts: beta-lipoprotein, immunoglobulin G, albumin). This preliminary step greatly facilitates purification of large amounts of HBSAg and provides small volumes of highly concentrated material for subsequent purification by density gradient centrifugation. PMID:9423

40 CFR 415.282 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... point source subject to this subpart and using borax produced by the Trona process must achieve the... remined borax must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...): Subpart AB—Boric Acid Mined Borax Process Pollutant or pollutant property BPT limitations Maximum for any...

40 CFR 415.282 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... point source subject to this subpart and using borax produced by the Trona process must achieve the... remined borax must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...): Subpart AB—Boric Acid Mined Borax Process Pollutant or pollutant property BPT limitations Maximum for any...

40 CFR 415.282 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... point source subject to this subpart and using borax produced by the Trona process must achieve the... remined borax must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...): Subpart AB—Boric Acid Mined Borax Process Pollutant or pollutant property BPT limitations Maximum for any...

40 CFR 415.282 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... point source subject to this subpart and using borax produced by the Trona process must achieve the... remined borax must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...): Subpart AB—Boric Acid Mined Borax Process Pollutant or pollutant property BPT limitations Maximum for any...

40 CFR 415.282 - Effluent limitations guidelines representing the degree of effluent reduction attainable by the...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... point source subject to this subpart and using borax produced by the Trona process must achieve the... remined borax must achieve the following effluent limitations representing the degree of effluent...): Subpart AB—Boric Acid Mined Borax Process Pollutant or pollutant property BPT limitations Maximum for any...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

10 CFR 50.62 - Requirements for reduction of risk from anticipated transients without scram (ATWS) events for...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... into the reactor pressure vessel a borated water solution at such a flow rate, level of boron concentration and boron-10 isotope enrichment, and accounting for reactor pressure vessel volume, that the... minute of 13 weight percent sodium pentaborate decahydrate solution at the natural boron-10 isotope...

Reuse of hazardous calcium fluoride sludge from the integrated circuit industry.

PubMed

Zhu, Ping; Cao, Zhenbang; Ye, YiLi; Qian, Guangren; Lu, Bo; Zhou, Ming; Zhou, Jin

2013-11-01

The Chinese integrated circuit industry has been transformed from a small state-owned sector into a global competitor, but chip manufacturing produces large amounts of calcium fluoride sludges (CFS). In China, landfill is a current option for treating CFS. In order to solve the problem of unavailable landfill sites and prevent fluorine from dissolved CFS polluting water sources, CFS was tested as a component for a ceramic product made with sodium borate, sodium phosphate and waste alumina using a low-temperature sintering technology, and the effects of various factors on characteristics of the ceramic were investigated to optimize the process. The best sintering temperature was controlled at 700°C, and the optimal raw material ratio of the ceramic was 11% sodium borate, 54% sodium phosphate, 30% CFS and 5% waste alumina. The CFS ceramic was characterized by a morphological structure and X-ray diffraction. The results indicated that CFS was transformed into Na2Ca(PO4)F as an inert and a main crystalline phase in the ceramic, which was enclosed by the borophosphate glass. Toxicity characteristic leaching procedure, corrosion resistance and compressive strength tests verified CFS ceramic as a qualified construction ceramic material, and the fluorine from CFS was solidified in the inert crystalline phase, which would not be released to cause secondary pollution. This novel technology not only avoids the CFS hydrolyzing reaction forming harmful hydrofluoric acid gas at 800°C and above, but also produces high-performance ceramics as a construction material, in accordance with the concept of sustainable development.

A Study of Cross-linked Regions of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Gels by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, Mathias B.; Desa, J. A. E.; Aswal, V. K.

2011-07-01

A poly(vinyl alcohol)-borax cross-linked hydrogel has been studied by Small Angle Neutron Scattering as a function of borax concentration in the wave-vector transfer (Q) range of 0.017 Å-1 to 0.36 Å-1. It is found that as the concentration of borax increases, so does the intensity of scattering in this range. Beyond a borax concentration of 2 mg/ml, the increase in cross-linked PVA chains leads to cross-linked units larger than 150 Å as evidenced by a reduction in intensity in the lower Q region.

SURFACE HARDENING OF TITANIUM BY TREATMENT IN MOLTEN BORAX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Minkevich, A.N.; Shul'ga, Yu.N.

1957-01-01

The surface hardening of titanium and titanium alloys by treatment in molten borax was investigated. Commercial titanium, a titanium-tungsten alloy, and an aluminum-chromium-titanium alloy were used for the experiments. To prevent oxidation of the titanium and to protect the surface, electro-chemical protection was applied, the current density being 0.1 amp/cm/sup 2/ and the the specimens were coated with a thin layer of borax. The results showed that treatment in molten borax is an effective method of increasing surface hardness. However, the strength, mmalleabiltiy, and toughness of the hardness increase is discussed. (J.S.R.)

Preparation and characterization of Ni-P/Ni3.1B composite alloy coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yurong; He, Jiawei; Wang, Wenchang; Shi, Jianhua; Mitsuzaki, Naotoshi; Chen, Zhidong

2014-02-01

The preparation of Ni-P/Ni3.1B composite alloy coating on the surface of copper was achieved by co-deposition of Ni3.1B nanoparticles with Ni-P coating during electroless plating. Ni-P-B alloy coating was obtained by heat-treating the as-plated Ni-P/Ni3.1B composite coating. The effect of the concentration of sodium alginate, borax, thiourea, Ni3.1B, temperature, and pH value on the deposition rate and B content were investigated and determined to be: 30 g L-1, 10 g L-1, 2 mg L-1, 20 mg L-1, 70 °C and 9.0 , respectively. Sodium alginate and thiourea were played as surfactant for coating Ni3.1B nanoparticles and stabilizer for the plating bath, respectively. Ni-P/Ni3.1B composite coating had good performance such as corrosion resistance and solderability.

Assessment of boric acid and borax using the IEHR evaluative process for assessing human developmental and reproductive toxicity of agents

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moore, J.A.

This document presents an evaluation of the reproductive and developmental effects of boric acid, H3BO3 (CAS Registry No. 10043-35-3) and disodium tetraborate decahydrate or borax, Na2B4O2O(CAS Registry No. 1303-96-4). The element, boron, does not exist naturally. In dilute aqueous solution and at physiological pH (7.4), the predominant species in undissociated boric acid (greater than 98%), irrespective of whether the initial material was boric acid of borax. Therefore, it is both useful and correct to compare exposures and dosages to boric acid and borax in terms of `boron equivalents`, since both materials form equivalent species in dilute aqueous solution with similarmore » systemic effects. In order to be clear in this document, the term `boron` will refer to `boron equivalents` or percent boron in boric acid and borax.« less

Hydrologic data and description of a hydrologic monitoring plan for the Borax Lake area, Oregon

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schneider, Tiffany Rae; McFarland, William D.

1995-01-01

Information from field visits was used to develop a monitoring plan. The plan would include monitoring Borax Lake by measuring discharge, stage, evaporation, temperature, and specific conductance; water-quality sampling and analysis; and monitoring shallow ground-water levels near Borax Lake using shallow piezometers. Minimally, one hot spring in North Borax Lake Spring Group 1 would be monitored for temperature and specific conductance and sampled for water-quality analysis. In addition, two flowing wells would be monitored for water levels, temperature, specific conductance, and discharge and sampled for water-quality analysis. The construction characteristics of these wells must be verified before long-term data collection begins. In the future, it may be helpful to monitor shallow and (or) deep observation wells drilled into the thermal aquifer to understand the possible effects of geothermal development on Borax Lake and nearby springs.

Borax Stump Treatment for Control of Annosus Root Disease in the Eastside Pine Type Forests of Northeastern California

Treesearch

John T. Kliejunas

1989-01-01

A historical perspective and description of recent studies on the use of borax to treat pine stumps against infection by Heterobasidion annosum in eastside pine stands of northeastern California are presented. The studies indicate that boraxing of pines in eastside pine stands is an effective means of preventing annosus infection. Data and...

Development work for a borax internal core-catcher for a gas-cooled fast reactor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Donne, M.D.; Dorner, S.; Schumacher, G.

1978-07-01

Preliminary thermal calculations show that a corecatcher, which is able to cope with the complete meltdown of the core and blankets of a 1000-MW(electric) gas-cooled fast reactor, appears to be feasible. This core-catcher is based on borax (Na/sub 2/B/sub 4/O/sub 7/) dissolving the oxide fuel and the fission products occurring in oxide form. The borax is contained in steel boxes forming a 2.2-m-thick slab on the base of the reactor cavity inside the prestressed concrete reactor vessel (PCRV), just underneath the reactor core. After a complete meltdown accident, the fission products, in oxide form, are dispersed in the pool formedmore » by the liquid borax. The metallic fission products are contained in the steel lying below the borax pool and in contact with the water-cooled PCRV liner. The volumetric power density of the molten core is conveniently reduced as it is dissolved in the borax, and the resulting heat fluxes at the borders of the pool can be safely carried away through the PCRV liner and its water cooling system.« less

Solid state neutron detector and method for use

DOEpatents

Doty, F. Patrick; Zwieback, Ilya; Ruderman, Warren

2002-01-01

Crystals of lithium tetraborate or alpha-barium borate had been found to be neutron detecting materials. The crystals are prepared using known crystal growing techniques, wherein the process does not include the common practice of using a fluxing agent, such as sodium oxide or sodium fluoride, to reduce the melting temperature of the crystalline compound. Crystals prepared by this method can be sliced into thin single or polycrystalline wafers, or ground to a powder and prepared as a sintered compact or a print paste, and then configured with appropriate electronic hardware, in order to function as neutron detectors.

Demonstration of the Coagulation and Diffusion of Homemade Slime Prepared under Acidic Conditions without Borate

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Isokawa, Naho; Fueda, Kazuki; Miyagawa, Korin; Kanno, Kenichi

2015-01-01

Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) precipitates in many kinds of aqueous salt solutions. While sodium sulfate, a coagulant for PVA fiber, precipitates PVA to yield a white rigid gel, coagulation of PVA with aluminum sulfate, a coagulant for water treatment, yields a slime-like viscoelastic fluid. One type of homemade slime is prepared under basic…

Structural and optical properties of lithium sodium borate glasses doped with Sm3+ ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dawaud, R. S. E. S.; Hashim, S.; Alajerami, Y. S. M.; Mhareb, M. H. A.; Maqableh, M. M.; Tamchek, N.

2014-07-01

Absorption and emission spectra of Sm3+ doped lithium sodium borate (LNB) have been reported. The samples were prepared by the melt-quenching technique and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), diffraction thermal analysis (DTA), Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). From the thermo-grams spectrum, glass transition (Tg), crystallization (Tc) and melting temperatures (Tm) have been evaluated. Direct and indirect optical band gaps have been calculated based on the glasses UV absorption spectra. These glasses have shown strong nine absorption bands with hypersensitive transition at 1221 nm (6H5/2→4H3/2) and five emission bands for the transition at 4I7/2→6H13/2 (green color), 4I7/2→6H7/2 (orange color), 4I7/2→6H9/2 (orange color), 4I7/2→6H11/2 (red color) and 4I7/2→6H13/2 (red color) with performing an excitation of 400 nm. The oscillator strengths, refractive index, ions concentration, polaron radius and other parameters have been calculated for each dopant.

Decontamination and decommissioning of the BORAX-V leach pond. Final report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Smith, D.L.

1985-01-01

This report describes the decontamination and decommissioning (D and D) of the BORAX-V leach pond located at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL). The leach pond became radioactively contaminated from the periodic discharge of low-level liquid waste during operation of the Boiling Water Reactor Experiments (BORAX) from 1954 to 1964. This report describes work performed to accomplish the D and D objectives of stabilizing the leach pond and preventing the spread of contamination. D and D of the BORAX-V leach pond consisted to backfilling the pond with clean soil, grading and seeding the area, and erecting a permanent marker tomore » identify very low-level subsurface contamination.« less

combustibility of loose fiber fill cellulose insulation: the role of borax and boric acid

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Day, M.; Wiles, D.M.

1978-07-01

The influence of borax and boric acid on the resistance of cellulose insulation to smouldering and flaming combustion has been examined using material treated by a wet application process. Boric acid has been shown to be required at an add-on level of at least 11.6 parts to 100 parts (by weight) of cellulose if resistance to smouldering combustion by cigarette ignition is to be achieved. In order to increase the resistance of the material to flaming combustion, however, it has been shown that borax is required in the formulation. Moreover, in order to maintain the resistance to smouldering combustion itmore » has been found necessary subsequently to increase the add-on of boric acid. the relationship between the amount of boric acid required to maintain resistance to smouldering combustion while providing for resistance to flaming combustion with borax is given by: boric acid required (pph) = 11.6 + (0.185 x (borax used)).« less

Response to Thermal Exposure of Ball-Milled Aluminum-Borax Powder Blends

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Birol, Yucel

2013-04-01

Aluminum-borax powder mixtures were ball milled and heated above 873 K (600 °C) to produce Al-B master alloys. Ball-milled powder blends reveal interpenetrating layers of deformed aluminum and borax grains that are increasingly refined with increasing milling time. Thermal exposure of the ball-milled powder blends facilitates a series of thermite reactions between these layers. Borax, dehydrated during heating, is reduced by Al, and B thus generated reacts with excess Al to produce AlB2 particles dispersed across the aluminum grains starting at 873 K (600 °C). AlB2 particles start to form along the interface of the aluminum and borax layers. Once nucleated, these particles grow readily to become hexagonal-shaped crystals that traverse the aluminum grains with increasing temperatures as evidenced by the increase in the size as well as in the number of the AlB2 particles. Ball milling for 1 hour suffices to achieve a thermite reaction between borax and aluminum. Ball milling further does not impact the response of the powder blend to thermal exposure. The nucleation-reaction sites are multiplied, however, with increasing milling time and thus insure a higher number of smaller AlB2 particles. The size of the AlB2 platelets may be adjusted with the ball milling time.

Blowpipe Mineralogy for Physics/Environment: Highest-Possible-Tc SC Quest; BOTH PERMANENT FOREVER Carb-IDES SOLID-State Sequestration AND Drought(s)-Elimination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Segler, Kurt; Williams, W.; Siegel, E.

2010-03-01

Detailed are old blowpipe[Kraus,Hunt,Ramsdell, Mineralogy (1936)] new applications:charcoal-block reduction of borates to yield (``N-NW'' of MgB2) Overhauser-[PR 35,1,411(1987); Intl.J.Mod.Phys.1,2 & 4,927(1987)]-``land'' predicted high-EST- POSSIBLE Tc SC ˜ ``LiD2''; very-early: Siegel[Phys.Stat.Sol.(a) 11,45(1972);Semiconductors & Insulators 5: 39,47,62(1979)] carb- IDES SOLID-state phase-TRANSITIONED CHEMICALLY-REDOX"-REACTED STABLE PERMANENT LONG-term STRATEGY, NOT ``CO2" BUT NON-gas Carbon-``ELEMENT"-sequestration: PROFITABLE MARKETABLE SALEABLE VALUABLE USEFUL ``Grab and Sell" TRUMPS ``cap and trade"!!!; Mott alloying/vertical metal-insulator transitions in ``borax-(GLASS)- beads"; and very-early Siegel [3rd Intl.Conf.Alt.Energy,Hemi- sphere/Springer(1980)-vol.5/p.459] ``FLYING-WATER" ``Hindenberg- effect"(H2-UP;H2O-DOWN) via H2-maximal-Archimedes-buoyancy ``chemical-rain-in-piplines", only via Siegel GMR enabled diffusive-magnetoresistance(DMR)enabled Siegel proprietary ``magnetic-H-valve": Renewables-H2-H2O purposely flexible versatile agile scaleable retrofitable integrated operating- system for PERMANENT drought(s)-elimination FOREVER!!!

The Regulation of Endogenous Glutamate and GABA Release from In Vitro Preparations of Rat Striatum

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-19

polyethylenimine (PEl) in 50 mM sodium borate pH 7.4 overnight. then washed with PBS pH 7.4 twice before 2 m1 of NS-media were added to each well...Celsius in 95% oxygen and 5% CO2 . 2. Fetal striatum dissection and neuron culture preparation Female Sprague-Dawley rats. 18-day pregnant. under 2.5

Prediction of Layer Thickness in Molten Borax Bath with Genetic Evolutionary Programming

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taylan, Fatih

2011-04-01

In this study, the vanadium carbide coating in molten borax bath process is modeled by evolutionary genetic programming (GEP) with bath composition (borax percentage, ferro vanadium (Fe-V) percentage, boric acid percentage), bath temperature, immersion time, and layer thickness data. Five inputs and one output data exist in the model. The percentage of borax, Fe-V, and boric acid, temperature, and immersion time parameters are used as input data and the layer thickness value is used as output data. For selected bath components, immersion time, and temperature variables, the layer thicknesses are derived from the mathematical expression. The results of the mathematical expressions are compared to that of experimental data; it is determined that the derived mathematical expression has an accuracy of 89%.

Desulphurization of coal using borax

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yaman, S.; Kuecuekbayrak, S.

1996-12-31

In this study, a high sulphur Turkish lignite was mixed with various amounts of solid borax [Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}10H{sub 2}O] and then these mixtures were subjected to various oxydesulphurization processes. Effects of amount of borax, temperature and partial pressure of oxygen on sulphur removal and coal recovery were investigated in the ranges of 0.625--15.000 g for 5 g lignite, 423--498 K, 0.0--1.5 MPa, respectively.

High-compactness coating grown by plasma electrolytic oxidation on AZ31 magnesium alloy in the solution of silicate-borax

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shen, M. J.; Wang, X. J.; Zhang, M. F.

2012-10-01

A ceramic coating was formed on the surface of AZ31 magnesium alloy by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) in the silicate solution with and without borax doped. The composition, morphology, elements and roughness as well as mechanical property of the coating were investigated by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDS), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), atomic force microscopy (AFM) and reciprocal-sliding tribometer. The results show that the PEO coating is mainly composed of magnesia. When using borax dope, boron element is permeating into the coating and the boron containing phase exist in the form of amorphous. In addition, the microhardness and compactness of the PEO coating are improved significantly due to doped borax.

BORAX V EXPONENTIAL EXPERIMENT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kirn, F.S.; Hagen, J.I.

1963-04-01

The cadmium ratio was measured in an exponential mockup of Borax V as a function of the void fraction. The extent of voids, simulated by lengths of closed polyethylene tubes, ranged from 0 to 40%. The corresponding cadmium ratios ranged from 6.1 to 4.6. The exponential was also used to determine the radial flux pattern across a Borax-type fuel assembly and the fine flux detail in and around fuel rods. For a normal loading the maximum-to-average power generation across an assembly was 1.24. (auth)

Bubble behavior in molten glass in a temperature gradient. [in reduced gravity rocket experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyyappan, M.; Subramanian, R. S.; Wilcox, W. R.; Smith, H.

1982-01-01

Gas bubble motion in a temperature gradient was observed in a sodium borate melt in a reduced gravity rocket experiment under the NASA SPAR program. Large bubbles tended to move faster than smaller ones, as predicted by theory. When the bubbles contacted a heated platinum strip, motion virtually ceased because the melt only imperfectly wets platinum. In some cases bubble diameter increased noticeably with time.

Fluorometric determination of zirconium in minerals

USGS Publications Warehouse

Alford, W.C.; Shapiro, L.; White, C.E.

1951-01-01

The increasing use of zirconium in alloys and in the ceramics industry has created renewed interest in methods for its determination. It is a common constituent of many minerals, but is usually present in very small amounts. Published methods tend to be tedious, time-consuming, and uncertain as to accuracy. A new fluorometric procedure, which overcomes these objections to a large extent, is based on the blue fluorescence given by zirconium and flavonol in sulfuric acid solution. Hafnium is the only element that interferes. The sample is fused with borax glass and sodium carbonate and extracted with water. The residue is dissolved in sulfuric acid, made alkaline with sodium hydroxide to separate aluminum, and filtered. The precipitate is dissolved in sulfuric acid and electrolysed in a Melaven cell to remove iron. Flavonol is then added and the fluorescence intensity is measured with a photo-fluorometer. Analysis of seven standard mineral samples shows excellent results. The method is especially useful for minerals containing less than 0.25% zirconium oxide.

Competitive immunoassay of phenobarbital by microchip electrophoresis with laser induced fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Huang, Yong; Zhao, Shulin; Shi, Ming; Liu, Jinwen; Liang, Hong

2011-05-23

A microchip electrophoresis method with laser induced fluorescence detection was developed for the immunoassay of phenobarbital. The detection was based on the competitive immunoreaction between analyte phenobarbital and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) labeled phenobarbital with a limited amount of antibody. The assay was developed by varying the borate concentration, buffer pH, separation voltage, and incubation time. A running buffer system containing 35 mM borate and 15 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate (pH 9.5), and 2800 V separation voltage provided analysis conditions for a high-resolution, sensitive, and repeatable assay of phenobarbital. Free FITC-labeled phenobarbital and immunocomplex were separated within 30s. The calibration curve for phenobarbital had a detection limit of 3.4 nM and a range of 8.6-860.0 nM. The assay could be used to determine the phenobarbital plasma concentration in clinical plasma sample. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Pulsed laser ablation of borax target in vacuum and hydrogen DC glow discharges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kale, A. N.; Miotello, A.; Mosaner, P.

2006-09-01

The aim of our experiment was to produce a material with B sbnd H bonds for applications in hydrogen storage and generation. By using KrF excimer laser ( λ = 248 nm) ablation of borax (Na 2B 4O 7) target, thin films were deposited on KBr and silicon substrates. Ablation was performed both in vacuum and in hydrogen atmosphere. DC glow discharge technique was utilized to enhance hydrogen gas ionization. Experiments were performed using laser fluence from 5 to 20 J/cm 2. Films were deposited under gas pressure of 1 × 10 -5 to 5 × 10 -2 mbar and substrate temperatures of 130-450 °C. Scanning electron microscopy analysis of films showed presence of circular particulates. Film thickness, roughness and particulates number increased with increase in laser fluence. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy analysis shows that sodium content in the particulates is higher than in the target. This effect is discussed in terms of atomic arrangements (both at surface and bulk) in systems where ionic and covalent bonds are present and by looking at the increased surface/bulk ratio of the particulates with respect to the deposited films. The Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy measurements showed presence of B sbnd O stretching and B sbnd O sbnd B bending bonds. Possible reasons for absence of B sbnd H bonds are attributed to binding enthalpy of the competing molecules.

Respiratory effects of borax dust.

PubMed Central

Garabrant, D H; Bernstein, L; Peters, J M; Smith, T J; Wright, W E

1985-01-01

The relation of respiratory symptoms, pulmonary function, and abnormalities of chest radiographs to estimated exposures of borax dust has been investigated in a cross sectional study of 629 actively employed borax workers. Ninety three per cent of the eligible workers participated in the study and exposures ranged from 1.1 mg/m3 to 14.6 mg/m3. Symptoms of acute respiratory irritation such as dryness of the mouth, nose, or throat, dry cough, nose bleeds, sore throat, productive cough, shortness of breath, and chest tightness were related to exposures of 4.0 mg/m3 or more, and were infrequent at exposures of 1.1 mg/m3. Symptoms of persistent respiratory irritation meeting the definition of chronic simple bronchitis were related to exposure among non-smokers. Decrements in the FEV1 as a percentage of predicted were seen among smokers who had heavy cumulative borax exposures (greater than or equal to 80 mg/m3 years) but were not seen among less exposed smokers or among non-smokers. Radiographic abnormalities were uncommon and were not related to dust exposure. Borax dust appears to act as a simple respiratory irritant and perhaps causes small changes in the FEV1 among smokers who are heavily exposed. PMID:3878156

Enhancing fluorescence intensity of Ellagic acid in Borax-HCl-CTAB micelles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Feng; Huang, Wei; Zhang, Shuai; Liu, Guokui; Li, Kexiang; Tang, Bo

2011-03-01

Ellagic acid (C 14H 6O 8), a naturally occurring phytochemical, found mainly in berries and some nuts, has anticarcinogenic and antioxidant properties. It is found that fluorescence of Ellagic acid (EA) is greatly enhanced by micelle of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) surfactant. Based on this effect, a sensitive proposed fluorimetric method was applied for the determination of Ellagic acid in aqueous solution. In the Borax-HCl buffer, the fluorescence intensity of Ellagic acid in the presence of CTAB is proportional to the concentration of Ellagic acid in range from 8.0 × 10 -10 to 4.0 × 10 -5 mol L -1; and the detection limits are 3.2 × 10 -10 mol L -1 and 5.9 × 10 -10 mol L -1 excited at 266 nm and 388 nm, respectively. The actual samples of pomegranate rinds are simply manipulated and satisfactorily determined. The interaction mechanism studies argue that the negative EA-Borax complex is formed and solubilized in the cationic surfactant CTAB micelle in this system. The fluorescence intensity of EA enhances because the CTAB micelle provides a hydrophobic microenvironment for EA-Borax complex, which can prevent collision with water molecules and decrease the energy loss of EA-Borax complex.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tang, Wan Si; Dimitrievska, Mirjana; Stavila, Vitalie

The salt compounds NaB 11H 14, Na-7-CB10H13, Li-7-CB 10H 13, Na-7,8-C 2B 9H 12, and Na-7,9-C 2B 9H 12 all contain geometrically similar, monocharged, nido-undeca(carba)borate anions (i.e., truncated icosohedral-shaped clusters constructed of only 11 instead of 12 {B-H} + {C-H} vertices and an additional number of compensating bridging and/or terminal H atoms). We used first-principles calculations, X-ray powder diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, neutron vibrational spectroscopy, neutron elastic-scattering fixed-window scans, quasielastic neutron scattering, and electrochemical impedance measurements to investigate their structures, bonding potentials, phase-transition behaviors, anion orientational mobilities, and ionic conductivities compared to those of their closo-poly(carba)borate cousins. All exhibited order-disordermore » phase transitions somewhere between room temperature and 375 K. All disordered phases appear to possess highly reorientationally mobile anions (> ~10 10 jumps s -1 above 300 K) and cation-vacancy-rich, close-packed or body-center-cubic-packed structures [like previously investigated closo-poly(carba)borates]. Moreover, all disordered phases display superionic conductivities but with generally somewhat lower values compared to those for the related sodium and lithium salts with similar monocharged 1-CB 9H 10- and CB 11H 12- closo-carbaborate anions. This study significantly expands the known toolkit of solid-state, poly(carba)borate-based salts capable of superionic conductivities and provides valuable insights into the effect of crystal lattice, unit cell volume, number of carbon atoms incorporated into the anion, and charge polarization on ionic conductivity.« less

Effect of borax concentration on the structure of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) gels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawrence, Mathias B.; Desa, J. A. E.; Aswal, V. K.

2012-06-01

Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) hydrogels cross-linked with varying concentrations of borax have been studied using Small-Angle Neutron Scattering and X-Ray Diffraction. The intensity of scattering increases with borax concentration from 1 mg/ml up to 2 mg/ml and falls thereafter for 4 mg/ml, increasing again for a concentration of 10 mg/ml. The mesoscopic structural changes that cause these trends in the SANS data are in keeping with the variations in the X-ray diffraction patterns pertaining to structures within the PVA chains.

Crystallization kinetics of the borax decahydrate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ceyhan, A. A.; Sahin, Ö.; Bulutcu, A. N.

2007-03-01

The growth and dissolution rates of borax decahydrate have been measured as a function of supersaturation for various particle sizes at different temperature ranges of 13 and 50 °C in a laboratory-scale fluidized bed crystallizer. The values of mass transfer coefficient, K, reaction rate constant, kr and reaction rate order, r were determined. The relative importances of diffusion and integration resistance were described by new terms named integration and diffusion concentration fraction. It was found that the overall growth rate of borax decahydrate is mainly controlled by integration (reaction) steps. It was also estimated that the dissolution region of borax decahydrate, apart from other materials, is controlled by diffusion and surface reaction. Increasing the temperature and particle size cause an increase in the values of kinetic parameters ( Kg, kr and K). The activation energies of overall, reaction and mass transfer steps were determined as 18.07, 18.79 and 8.26 kJmol -1, respectively.

Optical and spectroscopic properties of neodymium doped cadmium-sodium borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohan, Shaweta; Thind, Kulwant Singh

2017-10-01

Neodymium doped cadmium sodium borate glasses having composition xCdO-(40-x) Na2CO3-59.5H3BO3-0.5Nd2O3; x = 10, 20 and 30 mol% were prepared by conventional melt-quenching technique. X-ray diffraction studies confirmed the amorphous nature of the prepared glasses. Conventional methods were used to determine the physical properties such as density, molar volume, refractive index, and rare earth ion concentration. The Judd-Ofelt theory was applied on the optical absorption spectra of the glasses to evaluate the three phenomenological intensity parameters Ω2, Ω4 and Ω6. The calculated intensity parameters were further used to predict the radiative transition probability (A), radiative lifetime (τR) and branching ratio (βR) for the various fluorescent levels of Nd3+ ion in the prepared glass series. The effect of the compositional changes on the spectroscopic characteristics of Nd3+ ions have been studied and reported. The value of Ω2 is found to decrease with the decrease in the sodium content and the corresponding increase in the cadmium content. This can be ascribed to the changes in the asymmetry of the ligand field at the rare earth ion site and the change in rare earth oxygen (RE-O) covalency. Florescence spectra has been used to determine the peak wavelength (λp), effective line widths (Δλeff) and stimulated emission cross-section (σp) for the 4F3/2 → 4I9/2,4I11/2,4I13/2 transitions of the Nd3+ ion. The reasonably higher values of branching ratios and stimulated emission cross-section for the prepared glasses points towards the efficacy of these glasses as laser host materials. However, the glass with more sodium content is found to show better lasing properties.

Borax spends $30M for cogeneration system. [US Borax and Chemical Corp

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barber, J.

1982-09-20

A $30 million natural-gas-fired turbine power plant will provide all the electricity and steam needed at the US Borax and Chemical Corp. plant in Los Angeles. The cogeneration facility will come on line in 1984, and will pay for itself in about five years. The plant will use only half the 46 megawatts produced, the 22 megawatt surplus being sold to Southern California Edison Co. on a 20-year contract at a price pegged to the utility's avoided costs. Natural gas consumption at the plant will remain about the same. (DCK)

DESIGN AND HAZARDS SUMMARY REPORT, BOILING REACTOR EXPERIMENT V (BORAX V)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

None

1961-05-01

Design data for BORAX V are presented along with results of hazards evaluation studies. Considcration of the hazards associated with the operation of BORAX V was based on the following conditions: For normal steady-state power and experimental operation, the reactor and plant are adequately shielded and ventilated to allow personnel to be safely stationed in the turbine building and on the main floor of the reactor building. The control building is located one- half mile distant from the reactor building. For special, hazardous experiments, personnel are withdrawn from the reactor area. (M.C.G.)

Epoxy-borax-coal tar composition for a radiation protective, burn resistant drum liner and centrifugal casting method

DOEpatents

Taylor, Robert S.; Boyer, Norman W.

1980-01-01

A boron containing burn resistant, low level radiation protection material useful, for example, as a liner for radioactive waste disposal and storage, a component for neutron absorber, and a shield for a neutron source. The material is basically composed of Borax in the range of 25-50%, coal tar in the range of 25-37.5%, with the remainder being an epoxy resin mix. A preferred composition is 50% Borax, 25% coal tar and 25% epoxy resin. The material is not susceptible to burning and is about 1/5 the cost of existing radiation protection material utilized in similar applications.

Influent of Borax Decahydrate Composition as Additional Flux into Stoneware Bodies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bakil, Siti Natrah Abd; Hussin, Rosniza; Bakar Aramjat, Abu

2017-08-01

Stoneware is vitrified, has less porosity and requires high sintering temperature. The influent of borax decahydrate composition at sintering temperature 1050°C and 1150°C on the thermal analysis, fracture surface, linear shrinkage, water absorption and modular of rapture (MOR) were investigated. Rectangular sample were produced by uniaxially pressing at 40MPa. The thermal behavior was determined by thermogravimetric and different thermal analysis (TGA-DTA). The Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used for fracture surface analysis. The water absorption (%) of the sample were determined using Archimedes’ method. The experimental result showed that content of borax decahydrate have influent the properties of stoneware bodies.

Epoxy-borax-coal tar composition for a radiation protective, burn resistant drum liner and centrifugal casting method

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boyer, N.W.; Taylor, R.S.

1980-10-28

A boron containing burn resistant, low level radiation protection material useful, for example, as a liner for radioactive waste disposal and storage, a component for neutron absorber, and a shield for a neutron source. The material is basically composed of borax in the range of 25-50%, coal tar in the range of 25-37.5%, with the remainder being an epoxy resin mix. A preferred composition is 50% borax, 25% coal tar and 25% epoxy resin. The material is not susceptible to burning and is about 1/5 the cost of existing radiation protection material utilized in similar applications.

Structural investigation of Zn doped sodium bismuth borate glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhatia, V., E-mail: vijetabhatia0712@gmail.com; Kumar, D.; Singh, D.

2016-05-06

A series of Bismuth Borate Oxide Glass samples with composition x(ZnO):(15-x)Na{sub 2}O:15Bi{sub 2}O{sub 3}:70B{sub 2}O{sub 3} (variation in x is from 6 to 12 mole %) have been prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. All the chemicals used were of Analytical Grade. In order to verify the amorphous nature of the prepared samples the X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was done. The physical and structural properties have been explored by using the techniques such as density, molar volume and FTIR in order to understand the effect of alkali and transition metal ions on the structure of these glasses. The results obtained bymore » these techniques are in good agreement to one another and with literature as well. With the increase in the content of ZnO, the increase in density and some variations in structural coordination (ratio of BO{sub 3} & BO{sub 4} structural units) have been observed.« less

Effect of certain alkaline metals on Pr doped glasses to investigate spectroscopic studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenkennavar Susheela, K.; Madhu, A.; Eraiah, B.; Kokila, M. K.

2018-02-01

Incorporation of different Alkaline earth metal like Barium, Calcium and strontium in sodium lead borate glass doped with Pr3+ is studied. Physical parameters such as density, molar volume, molar refractivity etc have been evaluated. Effect of different atomic size of alkaline metal using optical and physical parameters is analysed. XRD and FTIR were carried out to know the structural behaviour of the glasses. Absorption and Emission spectra are recorded at room temperature and the results were discussed.

A preliminary analysis of the data from experiment 77-13 and final report on glass fining experiments in zero gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wilcox, W. R.; Subramanian, R. S.; Meyyappan, M.; Smith, H. D.; Mattox, D. M.; Partlow, D. P.

1981-01-01

Thermal fining, thermal migration of bubbles under reduced gravity conditions, and data to verify current theoretical models of bubble location and temperatures as a function of time are discussed. A sample, sodium borate glass, was tested during 5 to 6 minutes of zero gravity during rocket flight. The test cell contained a heater strip; thermocouples were in the sample. At present quantitative data are insufficient to confirm results of theoretical calculations.

Reduced weight decontamination formulation utilizing a solid peracid compound for neutralization of chemical and biological warfare agents

DOEpatents

Tucker, Mark D [Albuquerque, NM

2011-09-20

A reduced weight decontamination formulation that utilizes a solid peracid compound (sodium borate peracetate) and a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium chloride) that can be packaged with all water removed. This reduces the packaged weight of the decontamination formulation by .about.80% (as compared to the "all-liquid" DF-200 formulation) and significantly lowers the logistics burden on the warfighter. Water (freshwater or saltwater) is added to the new decontamination formulation at the time of use from a local source.

Surface-tension-driven flow in a glass melt

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcneil, Thomas J.; Cole, Robert; Shankar Subramanian, R.

1985-01-01

Motion driven by surface tension gradients was observed in a vertical capillary liquid bridge geometry in a sodium borate melt. The surface tension gradients were introduced by maintaining a temperature gradient on the free melt surface. The flow velocities at the free surface of the melt, which were measured using a tracer technique, were found to be proportional to the applied temperature difference and inversely proportional to the melt viscosity. The experimentally observed velocities were in reasonable accord with predictions from a theoretical model of the system.

Using Greener Gels to Explore Rheology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrett, Brendan; Matharu, Avtar S.; Hurst, Glenn A.

2017-01-01

A laboratory experiment was developed to investigate the rheological properties of a green calcium-cross-linked alginate gel as an alternative to the traditional borax-cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) gel. As borax is suspected of damaging fertility and the unborn child, a safe, green alternative is necessary. The rheological properties of a…

40 CFR 415.280 - Applicability; description of the boric acid production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... boric acid production subcategory. 415.280 Section 415.280 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL... SOURCE CATEGORY Boric Acid Production Subcategory § 415.280 Applicability; description of the boric acid... production of boric acid from ore-mined borax and from borax produced by the Trona process. ...

40 CFR 415.280 - Applicability; description of the boric acid production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... CATEGORY Boric Acid Production Subcategory § 415.280 Applicability; description of the boric acid... production of boric acid from ore-mined borax and from borax produced by the Trona process. ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the boric...

40 CFR 415.280 - Applicability; description of the boric acid production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... CATEGORY Boric Acid Production Subcategory § 415.280 Applicability; description of the boric acid... production of boric acid from ore-mined borax and from borax produced by the Trona process. ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Applicability; description of the boric...

40 CFR 415.280 - Applicability; description of the boric acid production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... CATEGORY Boric Acid Production Subcategory § 415.280 Applicability; description of the boric acid... production of boric acid from ore-mined borax and from borax produced by the Trona process. ... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Applicability; description of the boric...

40 CFR 415.280 - Applicability; description of the boric acid production subcategory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... CATEGORY Boric Acid Production Subcategory § 415.280 Applicability; description of the boric acid... production of boric acid from ore-mined borax and from borax produced by the Trona process. ... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Applicability; description of the boric...

CRITICAL EXPERIMENT WITH BORAX-V. Internal Superheater

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Plumlee, K.E.; Baird, Q.L.; Stanford, G.S.

1963-11-01

A critical experiment was performed with 12 BORAX-V superheater subassemblies in a central voidable region plus 1228 to 1525 UO/sub 2/ fuel pins (3 wt% enriched) in a peripheral region. Removing water (28% of superheater volume) at room temperature decreased reactivity by 2.2%. The midplane (two- dimensional) peak-to-average power distribution in the voided superheater was approximately 1.24, mostly attributable to flux depressions within insulated fuel boxes. Cadmium ratios are also reported. The experiment was initiated to supplement computational information which might have affected plans for loading the superheater zone into the BORAX-V reactor. No changes were indicated by the experiment.more » (auth)« less

Dispersion of borax in plastic is excellent fire-retardant heat insulator

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Evans, H.; Hughes, J.; Schmitz, F.

1967-01-01

A mix of borax powder and a chlorinated anhydrous polyester resin yields a plastic composition that is fire-retardant, yields a minimum of toxic gases when heated, and exhibits high thermal insulating properties. This composition can be used as a coating or can be converted into laminated or cast shapes.

Genotoxic effects of boric acid and borax in zebrafish, Danio rerio using alkaline comet assay

PubMed Central

Gülsoy, Nagihan; Yavas, Cüneyd; Mutlu, Özal

2015-01-01

The present study is conducted to determine the potential mechanisms of Boron compounds, boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), on genotoxicity of zebrafish Danio rerio for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hours acute exposure (level:1, 4, 16, 64 mg/l BA and BX) in semi-static bioassay experiment. For that purpose, peripheral erythrocytes were drawn from caudal vein and Comet assay was applied to assess genotoxicity. Acute (96 hours) exposure and high concentrations of boric acid and borax increases % tail DNA and Olive tail moment. Genotoxicity was found for BA as concentration-dependent and BX as concentration and time dependent manner. In general, significant effects (P < 0,05) on both concentrations and exposure times were observed in experimental groups. DNA damage was highest at 96 h and 24 h for all BX and BA concentrations, respectively in peripheral blood of D. rerio. For the first time, our study demonstrates the effect of waterborne BA and BX exposure on genotoxicity at the molecular level, which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of boric acid and borax-induced genotoxicity in fish. PMID:26862320

Genotoxic effects of boric acid and borax in zebrafish, Danio rerio using alkaline comet assay.

PubMed

Gülsoy, Nagihan; Yavas, Cüneyd; Mutlu, Özal

2015-01-01

The present study is conducted to determine the potential mechanisms of Boron compounds, boric acid (BA) and borax (BX), on genotoxicity of zebrafish Danio rerio for 24, 48, 72 and 96-hours acute exposure (level:1, 4, 16, 64 mg/l BA and BX) in semi-static bioassay experiment. For that purpose, peripheral erythrocytes were drawn from caudal vein and Comet assay was applied to assess genotoxicity. Acute (96 hours) exposure and high concentrations of boric acid and borax increases % tail DNA and Olive tail moment. Genotoxicity was found for BA as concentration-dependent and BX as concentration and time dependent manner. In general, significant effects (P < 0,05) on both concentrations and exposure times were observed in experimental groups. DNA damage was highest at 96 h and 24 h for all BX and BA concentrations, respectively in peripheral blood of D. rerio. For the first time, our study demonstrates the effect of waterborne BA and BX exposure on genotoxicity at the molecular level, which may contribute to understanding the mechanism of boric acid and borax-induced genotoxicity in fish.

Beneficiation of borax by reverse flotation in boron saturated brine.

PubMed

Cafer Cilek, Emin; Uresin, Hasan

2005-10-15

Flotation is one of the plausible methods for recovering borax fines discharged as fine waste to the tailings dam in the Kirka borax processing plant. A literature review dealing with the flotation behavior of boron minerals reveals that clay minerals in the boron ores coat boron minerals and thus deteriorate the quality of boron concentrates produced by direct flotation. The main objective of this study is therefore to recover borax fines from the tailings of the concentrator by reverse flotation. A three-level-factor experimental design was used to determine the main and interaction effects of variables selected on the metallurgical performance of reverse flotation. An analysis of variance for experimental results indicates that interaction effects of the variables for concentrate quality and recovery of B2O3 is nonsignificant and the most important variable for grade of concentrate and recovery is the collector dosage. It is shown that a concentrate assaying 11.25% B2O3 with 89.90% B2O3 recovery could be produced by means of single-stage (rougher) reverse flotation. Additionally, in order to produce a sufficient-quality concentrate, a multistage reverse flotation scheme involving rougher, scavenger, and two cleaners was devised. A final concentrate containing 23.47% B2O3 with 81.78% B2O3 recovery was obtained from these tests. The reverse flotation method can be thus considered as an important option for the beneficiation of borax fines.

Exposure assessment of boron in Bandırma boric acid production plant.

PubMed

Duydu, Yalçin; Başaran, Nurşen; Bolt, Hermann M

2012-06-01

Boric acid and sodium borates have been considered as being "toxic to reproduction and development", following results of animal studies with high doses. Experimentally, a NOAEL of 17.5mg B/kg-bw/day (corresponds to ∼2020 ng boron/g blood) has been identified for the (male) reproductive effects of boron in a multigenerational study of rats, and a NOAEL for the developmental effects in rats was identified at 9.6 mg B/kg-bw/day (corresponds to 1270 ng boron/g blood). These values are being taken as the basis of current EU safety assessments. The present study was conducted to assess the boron exposure under extreme exposure conditions in a boric acid production plant located in Bandırma, Turkey. The mean blood boron concentrations of low and high exposure groups were 72.94 ± 15.43 (48.46-99.91) and 223.89 ± 60.49 (152.82-454.02)ng/g respectively. The mean blood boron concentration of the high exposure group is still ≈ 6 times lower than the highest no effect level of boron in blood with regard to the developmental effects in rats and ≈ 9 times lower than the highest no effect level of boron in blood with regard to the reprotoxic effects in male rats. In this context, boric acid and sodium borates should not be considered as toxic to reproduction for humans in daily life. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Volume and structural relaxation in compressed sodium borate glass.

PubMed

Svenson, Mouritz N; Youngman, Randall E; Yue, Yuanzheng; Rzoska, Sylwester J; Bockowski, Michal; Jensen, Lars R; Smedskjaer, Morten M

2016-11-21

The structure and properties of glass can be modified through compression near the glass transition temperature (T g ), and such modified structure and properties can be maintained at ambient temperature and pressure. However, once the compressed glass undergoes annealing near T g at ambient pressure, the modified structure and properties will relax. The challenging question is how the property relaxation is correlated with both the local and the medium-range structural relaxation. In this paper, we answer this question by studying the volume (density) and structural relaxation of a sodium borate glass that has first been pressure-quenched from its T g at 1 GPa, and then annealed at ambient pressure under different temperature-time conditions. Using 11 B MAS NMR and Raman spectroscopy, we find that the pressure-induced densification of the glass is accompanied by a conversion of six-membered rings into non-ring trigonal boron (B III ) units, i.e. a structural change in medium-range order, and an increase in the fraction of tetrahedral boron (B IV ), i.e. a structural change in short-range order. These pressure-induced structural conversions are reversible during ambient pressure annealing near T g , but exhibit a dependence on the annealing temperature, e.g. the ring/non-ring B III ratio stabilizes at different values depending on the applied annealing temperature. We find that conversions between structural units cannot account for the pressure-induced densification, and instead we suggest the packing of structural units as the main densification mechanism.

Photon Interaction Parameters for Some Borate Glasses

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mann, Nisha; Kaur, Updesh; Singh, Tejbir

2010-11-06

Some photon interaction parameters of dosimetric interest such as mass attenuation coefficients, effective atomic number, electron density and KERMA relative to air have been computed in the wide energy range from 1 keV to 100 GeV for some borate glasses viz. barium-lead borate, bismuth-borate, calcium-strontium borate, lead borate and zinc-borate glass. It has been observed that lead borate glass and barium-lead borate glass have maximum values of mass attenuation coefficient, effective atomic number and KERMA relative to air. Hence, these borate glasses are suitable as gamma ray shielding material, packing of radioactive sources etc.

Evaluation of processed borax as antidote for aconite poisoning.

PubMed

Sarkar, Prasanta Kumar; Prajapati, Pradeep K; Shukla, Vinay J; Ravishankar, Basavaiah

2017-06-09

Aconite root is very poisonous; causes cardiac arrhythmias, ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. There is no specific antidote for aconite poisoning. In Ayurveda, dehydrated borax is mentioned for management of aconite poisoning. The investigation evaluated antidotal effect of processed borax against acute and sub-acute toxicity, cardiac toxicity and neuro-muscular toxicity caused by raw aconite. For acute protection Study, single dose of toxicant (35mg/kg) and test drug (22.5mg/kg and 112.5mg/kg) was administered orally, and then 24h survival of animals was observed. The schedule was continued for 30 days in sub-acute protection Study with daily doses of toxicant (6.25mg/kg), test drug (22.5mg/kg and 112.5mg/kg) and vehicle. Hematological and biochemical tests of blood and serum, histopathology of vital organs were carried out. The cardiac activity Study was continued for 30 days with daily doses of toxicant (6.25mg/kg), test drug (22.5mg/kg), processed borax solution (22.5mg/kg) and vehicle; ECG was taken after 1h of drug administration on 1 TB , 15th and on 30th day. For neuro-muscular activity Study, the leech dorsal muscle response to 2.5µg of acetylcholine followed by response of toxicant at 25µg and 50µg doses and then response of test drug at 25µg dose were recorded. Protection index indicates that treated borax gave protection to 50% rats exposed to the lethal dose of toxicant in acute protection Study. Most of the changes in hematological, biochemical parameters and histopathological Study induced by the toxicant in sub-acute protection Study were reversed significantly by the test drug treatment. The ventricular premature beat and ventricular tachyarrhythmia caused by the toxicant were reversed by the test drug indicate reversal of toxicant induced cardio-toxicity. The acetylcholine induced contractions in leech muscle were inhibited by toxicant and it was reversed by test drug treatment. The processed borax solution is found as an effective protective agent to acute and sub-acute aconite poisoning, and aconite induced cardiac and neuro-muscular toxicity. Processed borax at therapeutic dose (22.5mg/kg) has shown better antidotal activity profile than five times more than therapeutic dose (112.5mg/kg). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

A novel, environmentally friendly sodium lauryl ether sulfate-, cocamidopropyl betaine-, cocamide monoethanolamine-containing buffer for MEKC on microfluidic devices.

PubMed

Hoeman, Kurt W; Culbertson, Christopher T

2008-12-01

A new buffer has been developed for fast, high-efficiency separations of amino acids by MEKC. This buffer was more environmentally friendly than the most commonly used surfactant-containing buffers for MEKC separations. It used a commercially available dishwashing soap by Seventh Generation (Burlington, VT, USA), which contained three micelle-forming agents. The mixed micelles were composed of sodium lauryl ether sulfate (anionic), cocamidopropyl betaine (zwitterionic), and cocamide monoethanolamine (non-ionic). The optimized buffer contained 5.0% w/w Seventh Generation Free & Clear dishwashing soap, 10 mM sodium borate, and was completely void of organics. The lack of organics and the biodegradability of the surfactant molecules made this buffer more environmentally friendly than typical SDS-containing buffers. This new buffer also had a different selectivity and provided faster separations with higher separation efficiencies than SDS-based buffers. Fast separations of BODIPY FL labeled amino acids yielded peaks with separation efficiencies greater than 100,000 in less than 20 s.

Comparison of synthetic food-based lures and liquid protein baits for capture of Anastrepha suspensa (Diptera: Tephritidae) adults

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Field tests that were conducted in south Florida to compare capture of the Caribbean fruit fly, Anastrepha suspensa (Loew), in Multilure traps baited with liquid protein baits torula yeast/borax or NuLure/borax, or with food-based synthetic lures including two component (ammonium acetate, putrescine...

Efficacy of copper borax preservative against wood decay

Treesearch

William Abbott; Bessie Woodward; Michael West

2001-01-01

In this study, a wood preservative containing active ingredients of 43.5% borax and 3.1% copper hydroxide was evaluated in soil-block tests in accordance with AWPA E10. Results suggested thatthe copper hydroxide was not contributing to fungal toxicity at preservative threshold levels. Thresholds determined for this preservative were very close to those previously...

Cleaning of uranium vs machine coolant formulations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cristy, S.S.; Byrd, V.R.; Simandl, R.F.

1984-10-01

This study compares methods for cleaning uranium chips and the residues left on chips from alternate machine coolants based on propylene glycol-water mixtures with either borax, ammonium tetraborate, or triethanolamine tetraborate added as a nuclear poison. Residues left on uranium surfaces machined with perchloroethylene-mineral oil coolant and on surfaces machined with the borax-containing alternate coolant were also compared. In comparing machined surfaces, greater chlorine contamination was found on the surface of the perchloroethylene-mineral oil machined surfaces, but slightly greater oxidation was found on the surfaces machined with the alternate borax-containing coolant. Overall, the differences were small and a change tomore » the alternate coolant does not appear to constitute a significant threat to the integrity of machined uranium parts.« less

Extended electron energy loss fine structure simulation of the local boron environment in sodium aluminoborosilicate glasses containing gadolinium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qian, Morris; Li, Hong; Li, Liyu

Gadolinium can be dissolved in sodium-alumino-borosilicate glasses up to 47 wt% in a baseline borosilicate glass (mol%) 20 B2O3, 5 Al2O3, 60 SiO2,and 20 Na2O. Understanding of Gd dissolution in borosilicate melts is important in glass formulation optimization. Electron energy loss fine structure (ELFS) spectroscopy is chosen, which provides well resolved local atomic structure information for both amorphous and crystalline materials with high sensitivity to low Z elements such as Al, B, Na, O, and Si where the x-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) technique faces experimental difficulty. In this study, we report our results of boron K-edge ELFS study. Twomore » borosilicate glass samples with 30 and 47 mass% Gd2O3, B20Gd30 and B20Gd47were chosen for B K-edge ELFS study. EEL spectra were acquired on a Philips 430 TEM equipped with Gatan PEELS system 666 and EL/P 2.1 software with Custom function AcqLong. The ELFS data analysis was performed using UWELFS, UWXAFS and FEFF software. From our Gd solubility study, the local structure of Gd in the borate environment possibly resembles double chain structure found in crystalline Gd(BO2)3 as proposed by Chakraborty et al. The B/Gd ratio's in both glasses are smaller then 3, which means the excess Gd atoms in the Si-sites would be 17 and 60 mol% of the total Gd atoms, respectively according to the model, yet the local environment of borate sites saturated with Gd should be remained. To verity above hypothesis, the double chain structure model was applied to fit boron K-edge. The model was shown to well fit experimental boron K-edge EELS spectra for both glasses with some degree of distance distortion which is understandable in amorphous structure. Therefore, it is very likely that Gd stabilized in borate sites has a local structure resembling the double chain Gd(BO2)3 structure as proposed by our solubility study and literature.« less

Electroplating of the superconductive boride MgB2 from molten salts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, Hideki; Yoshii, Kenji; Nishida, Kenji; Imai, Motoharu; Kitazawa, Hideaki

2005-02-01

An electroplating technique of the superconductive boride MgB2 onto graphite substrates is reported. Films of MgB2 with a thickness of tens micrometer were fabricated on the planar and curved surfaces of graphite substrates by means of electrolysis on a mixture of magnesium chloride, potassium chloride, sodium chloride, and magnesium borate fused at 600 °C under an Ar atmosphere. The electrical resistivity and magnetization measurements revealed that the electroplated MgB2 films undergo a superconducting transition with the critical temperature (Tc) of 36 K.

TiO2 induced structural modifications in Cs containing borosilicate glasses: Raman and infrared studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pandey, M.; Banerjee, D.; Sudarsan, V.; Kshirsagar, R. J.

2018-04-01

Effect of TiO2 addition in Cs containing Sodium-borosilicate glasses is studied using Raman and infrared spectroscopic techniques. As revealed from infrared and Raman studies, TiO2 does not form segregated phase, but instead enters into the borosilicate network. It is further observed that TiO2 addition results in modifications of the borate and silicate structural units by transforming into tetraborates and metasilicate structural units. These structural modifications are responsible for Cs immobilization, leach rate and chemical durability of these glasses.

ASSESSMENT OF BORIC ACID AND BORAX USING THE IEHR EVALUATIVE PROCESS FOR ASSESSING HUMAN DEVELOPMENT AND REPRODUCTIVE TOXICITY OF AGENTS

EPA Science Inventory

This document presents an evaluation of the reproductive and developmental effects of boric acid, H3803 (CAS Registry No. 10043-35-3) and disodium tetraborate decehydrate or borax, Na2B4O2O(CAS Registry No. 1303-96-4). he element, boron, does not exist naturally. oron always exis...

Ground-contact durability of wood treated with borax-copper preservative

Treesearch

Stan T. Lebow; Bessie Woodward; Patricia K. Lebow

2007-01-01

This study evaluated the ability of a borax-copper(BC) preservative to protect wood exposed in ground contact. Southern pine sapwood stakes were pressure-treated with 0.9%, 1.4%, 2.3%, and 4.7% BC solution concentrations and placed into the ground at test sites near Mississippi, or Madison, Wisconsin. Untreated stakes and stakes treated with 1% chromated copper...

Analysis of tincal ore waste by energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) Technique

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalfa, Orhan Murat; Üstündağ, Zafer; Özkırım, Ilknur; Kagan Kadıoğlu, Yusuf

2007-01-01

Etibank Borax Plant is located in Kırka-Eskişehir, Turkey. The borax waste from this plant was analyzed by means of energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF). The standard addition method was used for the determination of the concentration of Al, Fe, Zn, Sn, and Ba. The results are presented and discussed in this paper.

Complete Genome Sequence of Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF, an Alkaliphilic and Metal-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Borax-contaminated Leachate Ponds

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hwang, C.; Copeland, A.; Lucas, Susan

Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF is an anaerobic, alkaliphilic, and metal-reducing bacterium associated with phylum Firmicutes. QYMF was isolated from alkaline borax leachate ponds. The genome sequence will help elucidate the role of metal-reducing microorganisms under alkaline environments, a capability that is not commonly observed in metal respiring-microorganisms.

Complete Genome Sequence of Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF, an Alkaliphilic and Metal-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Borax-contaminated Leachate Ponds

DOE PAGES

Hwang, C.; Copeland, A.; Lucas, Susan; ...

2016-11-03

Alkaliphilus metalliredigens QYMF is an anaerobic, alkaliphilic, and metal-reducing bacterium associated with phylum Firmicutes. QYMF was isolated from alkaline borax leachate ponds. The genome sequence will help elucidate the role of metal-reducing microorganisms under alkaline environments, a capability that is not commonly observed in metal respiring-microorganisms.

Mercury Pollution from Small-Scale Gold Mining Can Be Stopped by Implementing the Gravity-Borax Method--A Two-Year Follow-Up Study from Two Mining Communities in the Philippines.

PubMed

Køster-Rasmussen, Rasmus; Westergaard, Maria L; Brasholt, Marie; Gutierrez, Richard; Jørs, Erik; Thomsen, Jane F

2016-02-01

Mercury is used globally to extract gold in artisanal and small-scale gold mining. The mercury-free gravity-borax method for gold extraction was introduced in two mining communities using mercury in the provinces Kalinga and Camarines Norte. This article describes project activities and quantitative changes in mercury consumption and analyzes the implementation with diffusion of innovations theory. Activities included miner-to-miner training; seminars for health-care workers, school teachers, and children; and involvement of community leaders. Baseline (2011) and follow-up (2013) data were gathered on mining practices and knowledge about mercury toxicology. Most miners in Kalinga converted to the gravity-borax method, whereas only a few did so in Camarines Norte. Differences in the nature of the social systems impacted the success of the implementation, and involvement of the tribal organization facilitated the shift in Kalinga. In conclusion, the gravity-borax method is a doable alternative to mercury use in artisanal and small-scale gold mining, but support from the civil society is needed. © The Author(s) 2016.

Influence wt.% of SiC and borax on the mechanical properties of AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC composite by the method of semi solid stir casting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhiftime, E. I.; Guterres, Natalino F. D. S.; Haryono, M. B.; Sulardjaka, Nugroho, Sri

2017-04-01

SiC particle reinforced metal matrix composites (MMCs) with solid semi stir casting method is becoming popular in recent application (automotive, aerospace). Stirring the semi solid condition is proven to enhance the bond between matrix and reinforcement. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the SiC wt.% and the addition of borax on mechanical properties of composite AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC and AlSi-Mg-TiB-SiC/Borax. Specimens was tested focusing on the density, porosity, tensile test, impact test microstructure and SEM. AlSi is used as a matrix reinforced by SiC with percentage variations (10, 15, 20 wt.%). Giving wt.% Borax which is the ratio of 1: 4 between wt.% SiC. The addition of 1.5% of TiB gives grain refinement. The use of semi-solid stir casting method is able to increase the absorption of SiC particles into a matrix AlSi evenly. The improved composite presented here can be used as a guideline to make a new composite.

Studies of quaternary saline lakes-I. Hydrogen isotope fractionation in saline minerals

USGS Publications Warehouse

Matsuo, S.; Friedman, I.; Smith, G.I.

1972-01-01

Borax, gaylussite, nahcolite and trona were synthesized in aqueous solution at temperatures ranging from 8?? to 35??C. Except for borax, deuterium was always depleted in these hydrated minerals relative to the solutions from which they were crystallized. In borax, no significant fractionation was found. The fractionation factor of D H for the trona-water system exhibited a marked temperature dependence. By combining the deuterium contents of trona and the solution from which trona was crystallized, the following thermometer scale was obtained: In ( D H) trona ( D H)water = 1.420 ?? 104 T2 + 23.56 T (1). An attempt to establish a geothermometer based on C13 C12 fractionation between carbonate minerals and carbonate ions in aqueous solution was not successful. ?? 1972.

Role of SrO on the bioactivity behavior of some ternary borate glasses and their glass ceramic derivatives

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdelghany, A. M.; Ouis, M. A.; Azooz, M. A.; ElBatal, H. A.; El-Bassyouni, G. T.

2016-01-01

Borate glasses containing SrO substituting both CaO and NaO were prepared and characterized for their bioactivity or bone bonding ability. Glass ceramic derivatives were prepared by thermal heat treatment process. FTIR, XRD and SEM measurements for the prepared glass and glass-ceramics before and after immersion in sodium phosphate solution for one and two weeks were carried out. The appearance of two IR peaks within the range 550-680 cm-1 after immersion in phosphate solution indicates the formation of hydroxyapatite or equivalent Sr phosphate layer. X-ray diffraction data agree with the FTIR spectral analysis. The solubility test was carried out for both glasses and glass ceramics derivatives in the same phosphate solution. The introduction of SrO increases the solubility for both glasses and glass ceramics and this is assumed to be due to the formation of Sr phosphate which is more soluble than calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite). SEM images reveal varying changes in the surfaces of glass ceramics after immersion according to the SrO content.

Role of SrO on the bioactivity behavior of some ternary borate glasses and their glass ceramic derivatives.

PubMed

Abdelghany, A M; Ouis, M A; Azooz, M A; ElBatal, H A; El-Bassyouni, G T

2016-01-05

Borate glasses containing SrO substituting both CaO and NaO were prepared and characterized for their bioactivity or bone bonding ability. Glass ceramic derivatives were prepared by thermal heat treatment process. FTIR, XRD and SEM measurements for the prepared glass and glass-ceramics before and after immersion in sodium phosphate solution for one and two weeks were carried out. The appearance of two IR peaks within the range 550-680cm(-1) after immersion in phosphate solution indicates the formation of hydroxyapatite or equivalent Sr phosphate layer. X-ray diffraction data agree with the FTIR spectral analysis. The solubility test was carried out for both glasses and glass ceramics derivatives in the same phosphate solution. The introduction of SrO increases the solubility for both glasses and glass ceramics and this is assumed to be due to the formation of Sr phosphate which is more soluble than calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite). SEM images reveal varying changes in the surfaces of glass ceramics after immersion according to the SrO content. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Preparation and thermal properties of Glauber’s salt-based phase-change materials for Qinghai-Tibet Plateau solar greenhouses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiang, Zipeng; Tie, Shengnian

2017-07-01

This paper reports the preparation and characterization of eutectic Glauber’s salt-based composite, phase-change materials (G-PCMs). PCMs were prepared using industrial-grade sodium sulfate decahydrate (Na2SO4 ṡ 10H2O) as the basic material. Other salts were added to obtain the eutectic Glauber’s salt-based PCMs with phase-change temperatures of 25∘C, 15∘C and 10∘C. The modification of the G-PCMs was designed using the same experimental method to select the efficient nucleating, thickening and thermal conductive agents. The results show that borax can be an effective nucleating agent, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose is an excellent thickener and carbon powder is a good thermal conductive agent. The phase-change temperature, latent heat and thermal conductivity of the three different PCMs are 23.9∘C, 15.4∘C and 9.5∘C; 179.6, 129 and 116.2 J/g; and 1.02, 1.10 and 1.23 W/(m K), respectively. These PCMs possess suitable phase-change temperature, high latent heat and good thermal conductivity, and can be used in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau agricultural solar greenhouses.

Complete Genome Sequence of Alkaliphilus metalliredigens Strain QYMF, an Alkaliphilic and Metal-Reducing Bacterium Isolated from Borax-Contaminated Leachate Ponds

PubMed Central

Copeland, A.; Lucas, S.; Lapidus, A.; Barry, K.; Detter, J. C.; Glavina del Rio, T.; Hammon, N.; Israni, S.; Dalin, E.; Tice, H.; Pitluck, S.; Chertkov, O.; Brettin, T.; Bruce, D.; Han, C.; Schmutz, J.; Larimer, F.; Land, M. L.; Hauser, L.; Kyrpides, N.; Mikhailova, N.; Ye, Q.; Zhou, J.; Richardson, P.; Fields, M. W.

2016-01-01

Alkaliphilus metalliredigens strain QYMF is an anaerobic, alkaliphilic, and metal-reducing bacterium associated with phylum Firmicutes. QYMF was isolated from alkaline borax leachate ponds. The genome sequence will help elucidate the role of metal-reducing microorganisms under alkaline environments, a capability that is not commonly observed in metal respiring-microorganisms. PMID:27811105

Synthesis and evaluation of borates derived from boric acid and diols for the protection of wood against fungal decay and thermal degradation

Treesearch

George C. Chen

2004-01-01

N,N-dimethyl amino carbinol catechol borate(1). N,N-dimethyl amino carbinol-4-methyl catechol borate(2), N,N-dimethyl amino carbinol-4-t- butyl catechol borate(3). N,N-dimethyl amino carbinol-2,3-naphthyl borate 4) were synthesized by refluxing boric acid and diol in DMF(N,N-dimethyl formamide). The borates were characterized by NMR. Wood impregnated with borate 1,2 or...

Selection of fluxing agent for coal ash and investigation of fusion mechanism: a first-principles study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jie Li; Mei-Fang Du; Zhong-Xiao Zhang

2009-01-15

An approach based on the ab initio quantum chemical modeling (CASTEP, generalized gradient approximation (GGA), and density functional theory (DFT)) was first employed to guide the selection of the appropriate fluxing agent to reduce the coal ash melting temperature. Two kinds of typical Chinese coal ash A and B with a high-melting temperature were chosen as the investigated subjects. Result of the calculation shows that mullite mineral, which is the main component of coal ash, is easier to combine with an electron acceptor than with an electron donor. Because the cations of borax (Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}10H{sub 2}O) and limestonemore » can act as electron acceptors, borax and limestone were selected as the fluxing agents in our experiment. Results of the experiment show that the melting temperatures of coal ash A and B are both decreased by borax and limestone, respectively. Moreover, borax has a better fluxing effect than limestone under the same conditions. The further numerical study on the coal ash fusing mechanism indicates that the Na{sup +} and Ca{sup 2+} cations, as acceptors, can enter into the crystal lattice of mullite mainly through O(7) and O(8) and then cause the Al(6)-O(8) and Al(5)-O(7) bonds to rupture in the (AlO{sub 6})-octahedron. From this, mullite is forced to transform to feldspar and corundum minerals that have a low binding energy. Because of the phase change of minerals in the coal ash, the coal ash melting temperature is decreased by adding borax and limestone. 27 refs., 8 figs., 3 tabs.« less

Structural properties of alkaline sodium lead fluoride borate glasses incorporated with Praseodymium ion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenkennavar, Susheela K.; Madhu, A.; Eraiah, B.; Kokila, M. K.

2018-05-01

The effect of different alkaline and Pr ions on the density and structure of Na2O-PbO-MO-B2O3 (M represents Ba/Ca/Sr) has been investigated using X-ray diffraction (XRD), infrared spectrophotometer (FTIR). The amorphous phase has been identified based on X-ray diffraction analysis. The Praseodymium oxide plays the role as a glass-modifier and influences on BO3↔BO4 conversion. The same effect is also observed in density and molar volume variation due to non bridging oxygen's (NBO) created when BO3 units are converted.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paajanen, A.; Lehto, J.; Santapakka, T.

The efficiencies of 15 commercially available activated carbons were tested for the separation of trace cobalt ({sup 60}Co) in buffer solutions at pH 5.0, 6.7, and 9.1. On the basis of the results four carbon products, Diahope-006, Eurocarb TN5, Hydraffin DG47, and Norit ROW Supra, were selected for further study. These carbons represented varying (low, medium and high) cobalt removal efficiencies and were prepared of three typical raw materials: peat, coconut shell, or coal. Study was made of the effects on sorption efficiencies of factors of interest in metal/radionuclide-bearing waste effluents. These factors were pH, sodium ions, borate, and citrate.

Final report of the decontamination and decommissioning of the BORAX-V facility turbine building

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arave, A.E.; Rodman, G.R.

1992-12-01

The Boiling Water Reactor Experiment (BORAX)-V Facility Turbine Building Decontamination and Decommissioning (D&D) Project is described in this report. The BORAX series of five National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS) reactors pioneered intensive work on boiling water reactor (BWR) experiments conducted between 1953 and 1964. Facility characterization, decision analyses, and D&D plans for the turbine building were prepared from 1979 through 1990. D&D activities of the turbine building systems were initiated in November of 1988 and completed with the demolition and backfill of the concrete foundation in March 1992. Due to the low levels of radioactivity and the absence of loosemore » contamination, the D&D activities were completed with no radiation exposure to the workers. The D&D activities were performed in a manner that no radiological health or safety hazard to the public or to personnel at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) remain.« less

Final report of the decontamination and decommissioning of the BORAX-V facility turbine building

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Arave, A.E.; Rodman, G.R.

1992-12-01

The Boiling Water Reactor Experiment (BORAX)-V Facility Turbine Building Decontamination and Decommissioning (D D) Project is described in this report. The BORAX series of five National Reactor Testing Station (NRTS) reactors pioneered intensive work on boiling water reactor (BWR) experiments conducted between 1953 and 1964. Facility characterization, decision analyses, and D D plans for the turbine building were prepared from 1979 through 1990. D D activities of the turbine building systems were initiated in November of 1988 and completed with the demolition and backfill of the concrete foundation in March 1992. Due to the low levels of radioactivity and themore » absence of loose contamination, the D D activities were completed with no radiation exposure to the workers. The D D activities were performed in a manner that no radiological health or safety hazard to the public or to personnel at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL) remain.« less

A dry powder stump applicator for a feller-buncher.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Karsky, Richard, J.; Cram Michelle; Thistle, Harold

1998-07-11

Karsky, D., M. Cram, and H. Thistle. 1998. A dry powder borax stump applicator for a feller-buncher. Presented at the 1998 ASAE Annual International Meeting at Colorado Springs Resort, Orlando, Florida, July 11-16, 1998. Paper No. 987023. ASAE, 2950 Niles Road, St. Joseph, MI 49085-9659. Annosum root rot affects conifers throughout the Northern Hemisphere, infecting the roots and eventually killing the trees. An applicator attachment has been developed that mounts to the back of a feller-buncher saw head, that can reduce mortality from Heterobasidion annosum. The attachment applies a borax powder to a stump immediately after the tree has beenmore » cut. This document provides information on the design, development and testing of an applicator for applying dry borax on tree stumps at the time of harvesting to reduce future losses due to root rot.« less

Penetration of boron from topically applied borate solutions

Treesearch

Stan T. Lebow; Patricia K. Lebow; Steven A. Halverson

2010-01-01

Borate penetration relies on diffusion when borate and glycol-borate preservatives are applied to the surface of wood. This study evaluated the extent of borate penetration in framing lumber as a function of preservative formulation, wood moisture content, and diffusion time after treatment. In Phase I of the study, end-matched specimens were conditioned to target...

Optode Membrane for Determination of Nicotine via Generation of Its Bromoethane Derivative.

PubMed

Choi, M M; Wu, X J; Li, Y R

1999-04-01

A plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) optode membrane incorporated with a valinomycin ionophore, a H(+)-selective chromoionophore (ETH 5294), and a lipophilic potassium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl)borate was used as a reversible sensing device for the indirect optical determination of nicotine. Nicotine was extracted from a tobacco product (1-5 g) and converted to its bromoethane derivative (NBD(+)Br(-)) by reacting with a solution of bromoethane in ethanol. NBD(+)Br(-) in a solution of 0.05 M boric acid-Borax buffer and 0.2 mM Triton X-100 was extracted into the bulk of the membrane and subsequently caused changes in optical absorption of the sensing layer. The response slope, dynamic working range, detection limit, sensitivity, selectivity, effects of buffer solution and neutral surfactant Triton X-100, and lifetime were discussed in detail. The response was pH dependent. At pH 8.5, the detection range was extended from 0.4 μM to 1 mM. Typical response times (t(95)) of the samples were 2-4 min. The optode method was successfully used to detect nicotine in a tobacco sample from the market (average content 0.720%; RSD 0.044%; n = 11). The interference of K(+) on the optode method can be prevented by the pre-extraction procedure. Malic acid and citrate showed no interferences. The recovery of nicotine as NBD(+) was 84-119% in the range 0.035-5% nicotine. The result was satisfactory compared with an AOAC UV standard method.

The effects of dietary boron compounds in supplemented diet on hormonal activity and some biochemical parameters in rats.

PubMed

Kucukkurt, Ismail; Akbel, Erten; Karabag, Funda; Ince, Sinan

2015-03-01

The aims of this study were to clarify the effects of dietary boric acid or borax, as a boron (B) source, on hormonal status (leptin, insulin, triiodothyronine (T3), and thyroxine) and some biochemical parameter levels as glucose, carnitine, nonesterified fatty acids, and betahydroxybutyric acid in rats. A total of 30 Sprague-Dawley male rats were divided into three equal groups: the animals in the first group (control) were fed with a standard rodent diet containing 6.4 mg B/kg, and the animals in the experimental group were fed with a standard rodent diet added with boric acid and borax (100 mg B/kg) throughout the experimental period of 28 days. The B compounds especially borax decreased leptin, insulin, and glucose levels, whereas increased T3 and carnitine levels in plasma. In addition, body weight of rats was found to be low in the boric acid group at the end of 4 weeks. Consequently, our results demonstrate that B supplementation (100 mg/kg) in diet decreases body weight, leptin, and insulin, whereas increases T3 levels in plasma, so enhances the metabolic activity of rats. Between the B compounds used in this study, it was found that borax had a greater effect on hormonal status than boric acid. © The Author(s) 2012.

Electrochemical research in chemical hydrogen storage materials: Sodium borohydride and organotin hydrides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McLafferty, Jason

Chemical storage of hydrogen involves release of hydrogen in a controlled manner from materials in which the hydrogen is covalently bound. Sodium borohydride and aminoborane are two materials given consideration as chemical hydrogen storage materials by the US Department of Energy. A very significant barrier to adoption of these materials as hydrogen carriers is their regeneration from "spent fuel," i.e., the material remaining after discharge of hydrogen. In this thesis, some research directed at regeneration of sodium borohydride and aminoborane is described. For sodium borohydride, electrochemical reduction of boric acid and sodium metaborate (representing spent fuel) in alkaline, aqueous solution has been investigated. Similarly to literature reports (primarily patents), a variety of cathode materials were tried in these experiments. Additionally, approaches directed at overcoming electrostatic repulsion of borate anion from the cathode, not described in the previous literature for electrochemical reduction of spent fuels, have been attempted. A quantitative analytical method for measuring the concentration of sodium borohydride in alkaline aqueous solution has been developed as part of this work and is described herein. Finally, findings from stability tests for sodium borohydride in aqueous solutions of several different compositions are reported. For aminoborane, other research institutes have developed regeneration schemes involving tributyltin hydride. In this thesis, electrochemical reduction experiments attempting to regenerate tributyltin hydride from tributyltin chloride (a representative by-product of the regeneration scheme) are described. These experiments were performed in the non-aqueous solvents acetonitrile and 1,2-dimethoxyethane. A non-aqueous reference electrode for electrolysis experiments in acetonitrile was developed and is described.

Petrologic considerations for hot dry rock geothermal site selection in the Clear Lake Region, California

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stimac, J.; Goff, F.; Hearn, B.C. Jr.

1992-01-01

The Clear Lake area is well known for anomalous heat flow, thermal springs, hydrothermal mineral deposits, and Quaternary volcanism. These factors, along with the apparent lack of a large reservoir of geothermal fluid north of Collayomi fault make the Clear Lake area an attractive target for hot dry rock (HDR) geothermal development. Petrologic considerations provide some constraints on site selection for HDR development. Spatial and temporal trends in volcanism in the Coast Ranges indicate that magmatism has migrated to the north with time, paralleling passage of the Mendocino triple junction and propagation of the San Andreas fault. Volcanism in themore » region may have resulted from upwelling of hot asthenosphere along the southern margin of the subducted segment of the Gorda plate. Spatial and temporal trends of volcanism within the Clear Lake volcanic field are similar to larger-scale trends of Neogene volcanism in the Cost Ranges. Volcanism (especially for silicic compositions) shows a general migration to the north over the {approximately}2 Ma history of the field, with the youngest two silicic centers located at Mt. Konocti and Borax Lake. The Mt. Konocti system (active from {approximately} 0.6 to 0.3 Ma) was large and long-lived, whereas the Borax Lake system is much smaller but younger (0.09 Ma). Remnants of silicic magma bodies under Mt. Konocti may be in the latter stages of cooling, whereas a magma body centered under Borax Lake may be in the early stages of development. The existence of an upper crustal silicic magma body of under Borax Lake has yet to be demonstrated by passive geophysics, however, subsurface temperatures in the area as high (> 200{degrees}C at 2000 m) as those beneath the Mt. Konocti area. Based on petrologic considerations alone, the Mt. Konocti-Borax Lake area appears to be the most logical choice for HDR geothermal development in the region.« less

Amount of leachant and water absorption levels of wood treated with borates and water repellents.

PubMed

Baysal, Ergun; Sonmez, Abdullah; Colak, Mehmet; Toker, Hilmi

2006-12-01

Wood protection efficacy of borates against biological agents, flame retardancy, and suitability to the environment is well known. Since borates can be applied to timber as water based solutions, they are preferred economically as well. Even though they are highly mobile in wood, boron compounds are widely used in timber preservation. Borates migrate in liquid and increase the hygroscopicity of wood in damp conditions. This study deals with the physical restriction of water access in wood by impregnating water repellent agents into wood to limit amount of leachant and water absorption levels of wood after boron treatment. Borates were incorporated with polyethylene glycol-400 (PEG-400) their bulking effect in wood was considered. Results indicated that the amount of leachates from wood treated with borates in PEG-400 was remarkably higher compared to those of wood treated with the aqueous solutions of borates. Water absorption (WA) levels of wood treated with aqueous solutions of borates were higher than those of their treated samples with the solutions in PEG-400. Secondary treatments of wood with the water repellent (WR) chemicals following borate impregnation reduced the leaching of chemicals from wood in water and also WA of the specimens were less than those of the wood treated with only borates from aqueous and PEG solutions. Styrene (St) was the most effective monomer among the other agents used in terms of immobility effect on borates and WA.

Method of recycling lithium borate to lithium borohydride through methyl borate

DOEpatents

Filby, Evan E.

1977-01-01

This invention provides a method for the recycling of lithium borate to lithium borohydride which can be reacted with water to generate hydrogen for utilization as a fuel. The lithium borate by-product of the hydrogen generation reaction is reacted with hydrogen chloride and water to produce boric acid and lithium chloride. The boric acid and lithium chloride are converted to lithium borohydride through a methyl borate intermediate to complete the recycle scheme.

40 CFR 721.10631 - Mixed metal borate (generic).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Mixed metal borate (generic). 721... Substances § 721.10631 Mixed metal borate (generic). (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as mixed metal borate (PMN P-12-64...

40 CFR 721.10631 - Mixed metal borate (generic).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Mixed metal borate (generic). 721... Substances § 721.10631 Mixed metal borate (generic). (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified generically as mixed metal borate (PMN P-12-64...

Preliminary design and hazards report. Boiling Reactor Experiment V (BORAX V)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rice, R. E.

1960-02-01

The preliminary objectives of the proposed BORAX V program are to test nuclear superheating concepts and to advance the technology of boiling-water-reactor design by performing experiments which will improve the understanding of factors limiting the stability of boiling reactors at high power densities. The reactor vessel is a cylinder with ellipsoidal heads, made of carbon steel clad internally with stainless steel. Each of the three cores is 24 in. high and has an effective diameter of 39 in. This is a preliminary report. (W.D.M.)

Polarized localization and borate-dependent degradation of the Arabidopsis borate transporter BOR1 in tobacco BY-2 cells

PubMed Central

Matsuoka, Ken

2013-01-01

In Arabidopsis the borate transporter BOR1, which is located in the plasma membrane, is degraded in the presence of excess boron by an endocytosis-mediated mechanism. A similar mechanism was suggested in rice as excess boron decreased rice borate transporter levels, although in this case whether the decrease was dependent on an increase in degradation or a decrease in protein synthesis was not elucidated. To address whether the borate-dependent degradation mechanism is conserved among plant cells, we analyzed the fate of GFP-tagged BOR1 (BOR1-GFP) in transformed tobacco BY-2 cells. Cells expressing BOR1-GFP displayed GFP fluorescence at the plasma membrane, especially at the membrane between two attached cells. The plasma membrane signal was abolished when cells were incubated in medium with a high concentration of borate (3 to 5 mM). This decrease in BOR1-GFP signal was mediated by a specific degradation of the protein after internalization by endocytosis from the plasma membrane. Pharmacological analysis indicated that the decrease in BOR1-GFP largely depends on the increase in degradation rate and that the degradation was mediated by a tyrosine-motif and the actin cytoskeleton. Tyr mutants of BOR1-GFP, which has been shown to inhibit borate-dependent degradation in Arabidopsis root cells, did not show borate-dependent endocytosis in tobacco BY-2 cells. These findings indicate that the borate-dependent degradation machinery of the borate transporter is conserved among plant species. PMID:24715955

Polarized localization and borate-dependent degradation of the Arabidopsis borate transporter BOR1 in tobacco BY-2 cells.

PubMed

Yamauchi, Noboru; Gosho, Tadashi; Asatuma, Satoru; Toyooka, Kiminori; Fujiwara, Toru; Matsuoka, Ken

2013-01-01

In Arabidopsis the borate transporter BOR1, which is located in the plasma membrane, is degraded in the presence of excess boron by an endocytosis-mediated mechanism. A similar mechanism was suggested in rice as excess boron decreased rice borate transporter levels, although in this case whether the decrease was dependent on an increase in degradation or a decrease in protein synthesis was not elucidated. To address whether the borate-dependent degradation mechanism is conserved among plant cells, we analyzed the fate of GFP-tagged BOR1 (BOR1-GFP) in transformed tobacco BY-2 cells. Cells expressing BOR1-GFP displayed GFP fluorescence at the plasma membrane, especially at the membrane between two attached cells. The plasma membrane signal was abolished when cells were incubated in medium with a high concentration of borate (3 to 5 mM). This decrease in BOR1-GFP signal was mediated by a specific degradation of the protein after internalization by endocytosis from the plasma membrane. Pharmacological analysis indicated that the decrease in BOR1-GFP largely depends on the increase in degradation rate and that the degradation was mediated by a tyrosine-motif and the actin cytoskeleton. Tyr mutants of BOR1-GFP, which has been shown to inhibit borate-dependent degradation in Arabidopsis root cells, did not show borate-dependent endocytosis in tobacco BY-2 cells. These findings indicate that the borate-dependent degradation machinery of the borate transporter is conserved among plant species.

Modified carbon fibers to improve composite properties. [sizing fibers for reduced electrical conductivity and adhesion during combustion

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Shepler, R. E.

1979-01-01

Thin coatings, 5 to 10 wt. percent, were applied to PAN-based carbon fibers. These coatings were intended to make the carbon fibers less electrically conductive or to cause fibers to stick together when a carbon fiber/epoxy composite burned. The effectiveness of the coatings in these regards was evaluated in burn tests with a test rig designed to simulate burning, impact and wind conditions which might release carbon fibers. The effect of the coatings on fiber and composite properties and handling was also investigated. Attempts at sizing carbon fibers with silicon dioxide, silicon carbide and boron nitride meet with varying degrees of success; however, none of these materials provided an electrically nonconductive coating. Coatings intended to stick carbon fibers together after a composite burned were sodium silicate, silica gel, ethyl silicate, boric acid and ammonium borate. Of these, only the sodium silicate and silica gel provided any sticking together of fibers. The amount of sticking was insufficient to achieve the desired objectives.

Stabilizing Superionic-Conducting Structures via Mixed-Anion Solid Solutions of Monocarba- closo -borate Salts

DOE PAGES

Tang, Wan Si; Yoshida, Koji; Soloninin, Alexei V.; ...

2016-09-01

Solid lithium and sodium closo-polyborate-based salts are capable of superionic conductivities surpassing even liquid electrolytes, but often only at above-ambient temperatures where their entropically driven disordered phases become stabilized. Here we show by X-ray diffraction, quasielastic neutron scattering, differential scanning calorimetry, NMR, and AC impedance measurements that by introducing 'geometric frustration' via the mixing of two different closo-polyborate anions, namely, 1-CB 9H 10- and CB 11H 12-, to form solid-solution anion-alloy salts of lithium or sodium, we can successfully suppress the formation of possible ordered phases in favor of disordered, fast-ion-conducting alloy phases over a broad temperature range from subambientmore » to high temperatures. Finally, this result exemplifies an important advancement for further improving on the remarkable conductive properties generally displayed by this class of materials and represents a practical strategy for creating tailored, ambient-temperature, solid, superionic conductors for a variety of upcoming all-solid-state energy devices of the future.« less

Sn-Beta zeolites with borate salts catalyse the epimerization of carbohydrates via an intramolecular carbon shift

PubMed Central

Gunther, William R.; Wang, Yuran; Ji, Yuewei; Michaelis, Vladimir K.; Hunt, Sean T.; Griffin, Robert G.; Román-Leshkov, Yuriy

2012-01-01

Carbohydrate epimerization is an essential technology for the widespread production of rare sugars. In contrast to other enzymes, most epimerases are only active on sugars substituted with phosphate or nucleotide groups, thus drastically restricting their use. Here we show that Sn-Beta zeolite in the presence of sodium tetraborate catalyses the selective epimerization of aldoses in aqueous media. Specifically, a 5 wt% aldose (for example, glucose, xylose or arabinose) solution with a 4:1 aldose:sodium tetraborate molar ratio reacted with catalytic amounts of Sn-Beta yields near-equilibrium epimerization product distributions. The reaction proceeds by way of a 1,2 carbon shift wherein the bond between C-2 and C-3 is cleaved and a new bond between C-1 and C-3 is formed, with C-1 moving to the C-2 position with an inverted configuration. This work provides a general method of performing carbohydrate epimerizations that surmounts the main disadvantages of current enzymatic and inorganic processes. PMID:23047667

Human urine and chicken feces as fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) attractants for resource-poor fruit growers.

PubMed

Piñero, Jaime; Aluja, Martín; Vázquez, Alejandro; Equihua, Miguel; Varón, Jorge

2003-04-01

We evaluated human urine and chicken feces, two naturally occurring, inexpensive, and readily available substances, as baits for the capture of Anostrepha spp. (Diptera: Tephritidae) by using glass McPhail traps. Two studies were performed simultaneously in a commercial mango orchard in Veracruz, México. In the first study, we compared a 50% water dilution of human urine against hydrolyzed protein, both compounds at the fresh and 5-d-old stages, and water alone (control treatment). In the second study, we tested fresh chicken feces mixed with water, a torula yeast/borax solution at three different ages (1-4, 5-9, and 10-15 d), and water (control treatment). Both human urine and chicken feces were attractive to Anastrepha adults compared with water alone, but attracted two and three times fewer adults than hydrolyzed protein and torula yeast/borax, respectively. However, unlike torula yeast/borax, aging of human urine did not decrease its attractiveness. Five-day old human urine attracted numerically more A. serpentina females than males, similar numbers of A. obliqua males and females, and significantly more sexually immature A. obliqua females than mature ones. Chicken feces proved to be as attractive as the aged torula yeast/borax treatments for A. obliqua and A. serpentina. We argue that because both human urine and chicken feces are cost-free and can be easily obtained, they are viable, low-technology alternatives to costly commercial attractants, particularly for low-income growers or backyard farmers in Mexico and other Latin American countries.

Chemical disposition of boron in animals and humans.

PubMed Central

Moseman, R F

1994-01-01

Elemental boron was isolated in 1808. It typically occurs in nature as borates hydrated with varying amounts of water. Important compounds are boric acid and borax. Boron compounds are also used in the production of metals, enamels, and glasses. In trace amounts, boron is essential for the growth of many plants, and is found in animal and human tissues at low concentrations. Poisoning in humans has been reported as the result of accidental ingestion or use of large amounts in the treatment of burns. Boron as boric acid is fairly rapidly absorbed and excreted from the body via urine. The half-life of boric acid in humans is on the order of 1 day. Boron does not appear to accumulate in soft tissues of animals, but does accumulate in bone. Normal levels of boron in soft tissues, urine, and blood generally range from less than 0.05 ppm to no more than 10 ppm. In poisoning incidents, the amount of boric acid in brain and liver tissue has been reported to be as high as 2000 ppm. Recent studies at the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences have indicated that boron may contribute to reduced fertility in male rodents fed 9000 ppm of boric acid in feed. Within a few days, boron levels in blood and most soft tissues quickly reached a plateau of about 15 ppm. Boron in bone did not appear to plateau, reaching 47 ppm after 7 days on the diet. Cessation of exposure to dietary boron resulted in a rapid drop in bone boron.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS) PMID:7889870

Effective binding of perhalogenated closo-borates to serum albumins revealed by spectroscopic and ITC studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuperman, Marina V.; Losytskyy, Mykhaylo Yu.; Bykov, Alexander Yu.; Yarmoluk, Sergiy M.; Zhizhin, Konstantin Yu.; Kuznetsov, Nikolay T.; Varzatskii, Oleg A.; Gumienna-Kontecka, Elzbieta; Kovalska, Vladyslava B.

2017-08-01

The interactions of boron cluster compounds closo-borates with biomolecules are widely studied due to their efficiency as agents for boron neutron capture therapy of cancer. In present work the binding abilities of anionic halogen closo-borates [B10Hal10]2- (Hal = Cl, Br, I) and [B12Hal12]2- (Hal = Cl, I) towards bovine and human serum albumins were investigated by spectroscopic and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) methods. The protein fluorescence quenching method and ITC studies confirmed the complex formation. The degree of protein fluorescence quenching increased from chlorine to iodine boron derivatives that is attributed to external heavy atom effect. The ITC data point on the existence in the protein structure of two types of binding sites: with higher and lower affinity to closo-borates. Albumin-closo-borate complex binding ratio, n (4-5 anions per protein molecule) is higher than for the parent hydrogen closo-borates (2 anions per protein molecule). Binding constants estimated by fluorescent and ITC methods indicate higher affinity of halogen closo-borates to albumins (K in the range of 104-106 M-1) comparing to that of the hydrogen closo-borate (K about 103 M-1). Due to their high affinity and high binding ratio to albumins halogen closo-borates are proposed for further studies as agents for boron neutron capture therapy.

Spectroscopic investigations of Nd3+ doped flouro- and chloro-borate glasses.

PubMed

Mohan, Shaweta; Thind, Kulwant Singh; Sharma, Gopi; Gerward, Leif

2008-10-01

Spectroscopic and physical properties of Nd3+ doped sodium lead flouro- and chloro-borate glasses of the type 20NaX-30PbO-49.5B2O3-0.5Nd2O3 (X=F and Cl) have been investigated. Optical absorption spectra have been used to determine the Slater Condon (F2, F4, and F6), spin orbit xi4f and Racah parameters (E1, E2, and E3). The oscillator strengths and the intensity parameters Omega2, Omega4 and Omega6 have been determined by the Judd-Ofelt theory, which in turn provide the radiative transition probability (A), total transition probability (A(T)), radiative lifetime (tauR) and branching ratio (beta) for the fluorescent level 4F3/2. The lasing efficiency of the prepared glasses has been characterized by the spectroscopic quality factor (Omega4/Omega6), the value of which is in the range of 0.2-1.5, typical for Nd3+ in different laser hosts. Nephelauxetic effect results in a red shift in the energy levels of Nd3+ for chloroborate glass. The radiative transition probability of the potential lasing transition 4F3/2-->4I11/2 of Nd3+ ions is found to be higher for flouroborate as compared to chloroborate glass.

Preparation and Mechanical Behavior of Glass-Ceramics from Feldspathic Frits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

da Silva, Fernanda A. N. G.; Barbato, Carla N.; França, Silvia C. A.; Silva, Ana Lúcia N.; de Andrade, Mônica C.

2017-10-01

Glass-ceramics were produced from frits with feldspar (79.09% wt/wt), alumina, sodium carbonate, potassium carbonate, borax and cerium dioxide. Feldspathic frits obtained at 1200 °C were shaped and sintered at various temperatures. Flexural strength results were analyzed by using the Weibull statistical distribution. These materials were also characterized by x-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). At 600 °C, an initial leucite formation occurred as a crystalline phase, but the amorphous phase still prevailed, with low flexural strength. On the other hand, when the temperature increased to 800 °C, flexural strength also increased to approximately 70 MPa and Weibull modulus, m = 4.4 . This behavior was explained by the formation of leucite crystals dispersed within the glassy matrix, which hinders, in a certain concentration, the propagation of cracks. However, for the sintering temperature of 1000 °C, flexural strength decreased and may be associated with higher levels of this leucite crystal, in spite of the higher reliability m = 6.6.

Effect of pressure on the dissociation constant of boric acid in water and seawater

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Millero, Frank J.; Ward, Gary K.; Surdo, Antonio Lo; Huang, Fen

2012-01-01

The sound speeds of boric acid and sodium borate in water and 0.725 m NaCl have been measured from 0 to 50 °C and to near 1 molal. These results have been used to determine the partial molal adiabatic compressibilities of B(OH) 3 and NaB(OH) 4. The partial molal volumes, v¯(i), and compressibilities, κ¯(i), have been used to estimate the changes in the volume (Δ V) and compressibility (Δ κ) for the dissociation of boric acid in water and average seawater (0.725 m NaCl, SA ˜ 35 g/kg) B(OH)3+H2O=H++B(OH)4- where

PROCESS FOR THE RECOVERY OF PLUTONIUM

DOEpatents

Ritter, D.M.

1959-01-13

An improvement is presented in the process for recovery and decontamination of plutonium. The carrier precipitate containing plutonium is dissolved and treated with an oxidizing agent to place the plutonium in a hexavalent oxidation state. A lanthanum fluoride precipitate is then formed in and removed from the solution to carry undesired fission products. The fluoride ions in the reniaining solution are complexed by addition of a borate sueh as boric acid, sodium metaborate or the like. The plutonium is then reduced and carried from the solution by the formation of a bismuth phosphate precipitate. This process effects a better separation from unwanted flssion products along with conccntration of the plutonium by using a smaller amount of carrier.

Experimental observation of the thermocapillary driven motion of bubbles in a molten glass under low gravity conditions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, H. D.; Mattox, D. M.; Wilcox, W. R.; Subramanian, R. S.; Meyyappan, M.

1982-01-01

An experiment was carried out on board a Space Processing Applications Rocket with the aim of demonstrating bubble migration in molten glass due to a temperature gradient under low gravity conditions. During the flight, a sample of a sodium borate melt with a specific bubble array, contained in a platinum/fused silica cell, was subjected to a well defined temperature gradient for more than 4 minutes. Photographs taken at one second intervals during the experiment clearly show that the bubbles move toward the hot spot on the platinum heater strip. This result is consistent with the predictions of the theory of thermocapillary driven bubble motion.

Ternary borate-nucleoside complex stabilization by Ribonuclease A demonstrates phosphate mimicry

PubMed Central

Gabel, Scott A.; London, Robert E.

2010-01-01

Phosphate esters play a central role in cellular energetics, biochemical activation, signal transduction and conformational switching. The structural homology of the borate anion with phosphate, combined with its ability to spontaneously esterify hydroxyl groups, suggested that phosphate-ester recognition sites on proteins might exhibit significant affinity for non-enzymatically formed borate esters. 11B NMR studies and activity measurements on ribonuclease A in the presence of borate and several cytidine analogs demonstrate the formation of a stable ternary RNase A•3′-deoxycytidine-2′-borate ternary complex that mimics the complex formed between RNase A and a 2′-cytidine monophosphate (2′-CMP) inhibitor. Alternatively, no slowly exchanging borate resonance is observed for a ternary RNase A, borate, 2′-deoxycytidine mixture, demonstrating the critical importance of the 2′-hydroxyl group for complex formation. Titration of the ternary complex with 2′-CMP shows that it can displace the bound borate ester with a binding constant that is close to the reported inhibition constant of RNase A by 2′CMP. RNase A binding of a cyclic cytidine-2′,3′-borate ester, which is a structural homolog of the cytidine-2′,3′-cyclic phosphate substrate, could also be demonstrated. The apparent dissociation constant for the cytidine-2′,3′-borate•RNase A complex is 0.8 mM, which compares with a Michaelis constant of 11 mM for cCMP at pH 7, indicating considerably stronger binding. However, the value is 1000-fold larger than the reported dissociation constant of the RNase A complex with uridine-vanadate. These results are consistent with recent reports suggesting that in situ formation of borate esters that mimic the corresponding phosphate esters support enzyme catalysis. PMID:17957392

Material for radioactive protection

DOEpatents

Taylor, R.S.; Boyer, N.W.

A boron containing burn resistant, low-level radiation protection material useful, for example, as a liner for radioactive waste disposal and storage, a component for neutron absorber, and a shield for a neutron source is described. The material is basically composed of borax in the range of 25 to 50%, coal tar in the range of 25 to 37.5%, with the remainder being an epoxy resin mix. A preferred composition is 50% borax, 25% coal tar and 25% epoxy resin. The material is not susceptible to burning and is about 1/5 the cost of existing radiation protection material utilized in similar applications.

Development of a cleaning process for uranium chips machined with a glycol-water-borax coolant

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Taylor, P.A.

1984-12-01

A chip-cleaning process has been developed to remove the new glycol-water-borax coolant from oralloy chips. The process involves storing the freshly cut chips in Freon-TDF until they are cleaned, washing with water, and displacing the water with Freon-TDF. The wash water can be reused many times and still yield clean chips and then be added to the coolant to make up for evaporative losses. The Freon-TDF will be cycled by evaporation. The cleaning facility is currently being designed and should be operational by April 1985.

Effects of sodium pentaborate pentahydrate exposure on Chlorella vulgaris growth, chlorophyll content, and enzyme activities.

PubMed

Chen, Xueqing; Pei, Yuansheng

2016-10-01

Sodium pentaborate pentahydrate (SPP) is a rare mineral. In this study, SPP was synthesized from boric acid and borax through low-temperature crystallization, and its effects on the growth of the alga, Chlorella vulgaris (C. vulgaris) were assessed. The newly synthesized SPP was characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential thermal analysis. The changes in C. vulgaris growth, chlorophyll content, and enzyme activities upon exposure to SPP for 168h were evaluated. Results showed that SPP treatment was detrimental to C. vulgaris growth during the first 24-120h of exposure. The harmful effects, however, diminished over time (168h), even at an effective medium concentration of 226.37mg BL(-1) (the concentration of boron applied per liter of culture medium). A similar trend was observed for chlorophyll content (chlorophyll a and b) and indicated that the photosynthesis of C. vulgaris was not affected and that high levels of SPP may even promote chlorophyll synthesis. Superoxide dismutase and catalase activities of C. vulgaris increased during 24-120h exposure to SPP, but these activities gradually decreased as culture time progressed. In other words, the initial detrimental effects of synthetic SPP on C. vulgaris were temporary and reversible. This research provides a scientific basis for applications of SPP in the environment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A crystal-chemical classification of borate structures with emphasis on hydrated borates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Christ, C.L.; Clark, J.R.

1977-01-01

The rules governing formation of hydrated borate polyanions that were proposed by C.L. Christ in 1960 are critically reviewed and new rules added on the basis of recent crystal structure determinations. Principles and classifications previously published by others are also critically reviewed briefly. The fundamental building blocks from which borate polyanions can be constructed are defined on the basis of the number n of boron atoms, and the fully hydrated polyanions are illustrated. Known structures are grouped accordingly, and a shorthand notation using n and symbols ?? = triangle, T = tetrahedron is introduced so that the polyanions can be easily characterized. For example, 3:??+2T describes [B3O3(OH)5]2-. Correct structural formulas are assigned borates with known structures whereas borates of unknown structure are grouped separately. ?? 1977 Springer-Verlag.

Simultaneous immobilization of borate, arsenate, and silicate from geothermal water derived from mining activity by co-precipitation with hydroxyapatite.

PubMed

Sasaki, Keiko; Hayashi, Yoshikazu; Toshiyuki, Kenta; Guo, Binglin

2018-09-01

The treatment of the geothermal water discharged through mining activity is a critical issue because the rate of discharge is 12,000 m 3 per day and the discharge contains high concentrations of borate (>20 mg/L) and arsenate (ca. 0.4 mg/L) as well as silicate and carbonate. The simultaneous reduction of borate and arsenate concentrations to acceptable levels was successfully performed by co-precipitation with hydroxyapatite (HAp). Although the coexisting high concentrations of carbonate act as a disturbing element, the co-precipitation equilibrium of borate was shifted to lower values by adjusting the P/Ca molar ratio, and the removal rate of borate was accelerated by using Al 3+ additives, resulting in the efficient reduction of borate within 1 h. The initially immobilized boron in HAp is in the tetragonal form, which probably occupies the hydroxyl sites in HAp, gradually transforming into the trigonal form in the solid state, as interpreted by 1 H NMR and 11 B-NMR. The coexisting silicate was also immobilized in an ellestadite form, as confirmed by 29 Si-NMR measurements. Arsenate and silicate were immobilized before borate in geothermal water. A dissolution assay of borate in the solid residues after co-precipitation with HAp verified the acceptable stability of borate, which is independent of the amount of added Al 3+ . Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Borates

USGS Publications Warehouse

Angulo, M.A.

2011-01-01

The article discusses the latest developments in the borates industry, particularly in the U.S., as of June 2011. It claims that the biggest economically feasible deposits of borates are seen in the U.S.' Mojave Desert, the Alpide belt in southern Asia and the Andean belt of South America. Turkish state-owned mining firm Eti Maden AS reported that borates were mainly used in the manufacture of glass, ceramics, fertilizer and detergent in 2009.

A Novel Technique that Enables Efficient Conduct of Simultaneous Isomerization and Fermentation (SIF) of Xylose

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rao, Kripa; Chelikani, Silpa; Relue, Patricia; Varanasi, Sasidhar

Of the sugars recovered from lignocellulose, D-glucose can be readily converted into ethanol by baker's or brewer's yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae). However, xylose that is obtained by the hydrolysis of the hemicellulosic portion is not fermentable by the same species of yeasts. Xylose fermentation by native yeasts can be achieved via isomerization of xylose to its ketose isomer, xylulose. Isomerization with exogenous xylose isomerase (XI) occurs optimally at a pH of 7-8, whereas subsequent fermentation of xylulose to ethanol occurs at a pH of 4-5. We present a novel scheme for efficient isomerization of xylose to xylulose at conditions suitable for the fermentation by using an immobilized enzyme system capable of sustaining two different pH microenvironments in a single vessel. The proof-of-concept of the two-enzyme pellet is presented, showing conversion of xylose to xylulose even when the immobilized enzyme pellets are suspended in a bulk solution whose pH is sub-optimal for XI activity. The co-immobilized enzyme pellets may prove extremely valuable in effectively conducting "simultaneous isomerization and fermentation" (SIF) of xylose. To help further shift the equilibrium in favor of xylulose formation, sodium tetraborate (borax) was added to the isomerization solution. Binding of tetrahydroxyborate ions to xylulose effectively reduces the concentration of xylulose and leads to increased xylose isomerization. The formation of tetrahydroxyborate ions and the enhancement in xylulose production resulting from the complexation was studied at two different bulk pH values. The addition of 0.05 M borax to the isomerization solution containing our co-immobilized enzyme pellets resulted in xylose to xylulose conversion as high as 86% under pH conditions that are suboptimal for XI activity. These initial findings, which can be optimized for industrial conditions, have significant potential for increasing the yield of ethanol from xylose in an SIF approach.

Synthesis and evaluation of aminoborates derived from boric acid and diols for protecting wood against fungal and thermal degradation

Treesearch

George C. Chen

2008-01-01

N-methyl amino catechol borate (1), N-methyl amino-4-methyl catechol borate (2), N-methyl amino-4-t-butyl catechol borate (3), and N-methyl amino-2, 3-naphthyl borate (4) were synthesized by reflux of boric acid with a diol in solvent N,N-dimethyl formamide. The aminoborates were characterized by proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, FTIR spectroscopy and...

Recent advances in rare earth doped alkali-alkaline earth borates for solid state lighting applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Verma, Shefali; Verma, Kartikey; Kumar, Deepak; Chaudhary, Babulal; Som, Sudipta; Sharma, Vishal; Kumar, Vijay; Swart, Hendrik C.

2018-04-01

As a novel class of inorganic phosphor, the alkali-alkaline earth borate phosphors have gained huge attention due to their charming applications in solid-state lighting (SSL) and display devices. The current research drive shows that phosphors based on the alkali-alkaline earth borates have transformed the science and technology due to their high transparency over a broad spectral range, their flexibility in structure and durability for mechanical and high-laser applications. Recent advances in various aspects of rare-earth (RE) doped borate based phosphors and their utilizations in SSL and light emitting diodes are summarized in this review article. Moreover, the present status and upcoming scenario of RE-doped borate phosphors were reviewed in general along with the proper credential from the existing literature. It is believed that this review is a sole compilation of crucial information about the RE-doped borate phosphors in a single platform.

Benzalkonium Chloride Provides Remarkable Stability to Liquid Protein Lures for Trapping Anastrepha obliqua (Diptera: Tephritidae).

PubMed

Lasa, R; Williams, T

2017-12-05

Hydrolyzed protein lures are widely used to monitor fruit fly pests but are rapidly degraded by microbial activity and must be replaced frequently. To improve the stability of lures, the quaternary ammonium biocide, benzalkonium chloride (BC), was evaluated in mixtures with two hydrolyzed proteins commonly used to monitor Anastrepha spp. The mean number of Anastrepha obliqua adults captured during six consecutive weeks using Captor + borax with the addition of 240 mg BC/liter, not renewed during the test, was similar to Captor + borax that was replaced at weekly intervals and was more effective than Captor + borax without BC. Numbers of A. obliqua flies captured in 30% CeraTrap diluted in water containing 240 mg BC/liter were similar to those caught in traps baited with Captor + borax or 30% CeraTrap without BC in the first 9 d of evaluation but was significantly more effective than both lures after 56 d. After >2 mo of use, 30% CeraTrap containing 240 mg BC/liter remained as effective as newly prepared 30% CeraTrap. The addition of BC to lures reduced surface tension of liquid lures by ~40-50%. However, when BC was increased to 720 mg BC/liter, only a small additional reduction in surface tension was observed and higher concentrations of BC did not increase capture rates. These findings could contribute to reduced costs for trapping networks and the development of long-lasting formulations of liquid protein lures for bait stations and mass-trapping targeted at major tephritid pests. © The Author(s) 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Tris-borate is a poor counterion for RNA: a cautionary tale for RNA folding studies

PubMed Central

Buchmueller, Karen L.; Weeks, Kevin M.

2004-01-01

Native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis is a powerful approach for visualizing RNA folding states and folding intermediates. Tris-borate has a high-buffering capacity and is therefore widely used in electrophoresis-based investigations of RNA structure and folding. However, the effectiveness of Tris-borate as a counterion for RNA has not been systematically investigated. In a recirculated Hepes/KCl buffer, the catalytic core of the bI5 group I intron RNA undergoes a conformational collapse characterized by a bulk transition midpoint, or Mg1/2, of ∼3 mM, consistent with extensive independent biochemical experiments. In contrast, in Tris-borate, RNA collapse has a much smaller apparent Mg1/2, equal to 0.1 mM, because in this buffer the RNA undergoes a different, large amplitude, folding transition at low Mg2+ concentrations. Analysis of structural neighbors using a short-lived, RNA-tethered, photocrosslinker indicates that the global RNA structure eventually converges in the two buffer systems, as the divalent ion concentration approaches ∼1 mM Mg2+. The weak capacity of Tris-borate to stabilize RNA folding may reflect relatively unfavorable interactions between the bulky Tris-borate ion and RNA or partial coordination of RNA functional groups by borate. Under some conditions, Tris-borate is a poor counterion for RNA and its use merits careful evaluation in RNA folding studies. PMID:15601995

Transition and post-transition metal ions in borate glasses: Borate ligand speciation, cluster formation, and their effect on glass transition and mechanical properties.

PubMed

Möncke, D; Kamitsos, E I; Palles, D; Limbach, R; Winterstein-Beckmann, A; Honma, T; Yao, Z; Rouxel, T; Wondraczek, L

2016-09-28

A series of transition and post-transition metal ion (Mn, Cu, Zn, Pb, Bi) binary borate glasses was studied with special consideration of the cations impact on the borate structure, the cations cross-linking capacity, and more generally, structure-property correlations. Infrared (IR) and Raman spectroscopies were used for the structural characterization. These complementary techniques are sensitive to the short-range order as in the differentiation of tetrahedral and trigonal borate units or regarding the number of non-bridging oxygen ions per unit. Moreover, vibrational spectroscopy is also sensitive to the intermediate-range order and to the presence of superstructural units, such as rings and chains, or the combination of rings. In order to clarify band assignments for the various borate entities, examples are given from pure vitreous B 2 O 3 to meta-, pyro-, ortho-, and even overmodified borate glass compositions. For binary metaborate glasses, the impact of the modifier cation on the borate speciation is shown. High field strength cations such as Zn 2+ enhance the disproportionation of metaborate to polyborate and pyroborate units. Pb 2+ and Bi 3+ induce cluster formation, resulting in PbO n - and BiO n -pseudophases. Both lead and bismuth borate glasses show also a tendency to stabilize very large superstructural units in the form of diborate polyanions. Far-IR spectra reflect on the bonding states of modifier cations in glasses. The frequency of the measured cation-site vibration band was used to obtain the average force constant for the metal-oxygen bonding, F M-O . A linear correlation between glass transition temperature (T g ) and F M-O was shown for the metaborate glass series. The mechanical properties of the glasses also correlate with the force constant F M-O , though for cations of similar force constant the fraction of tetrahedral borate units (N 4 ) strongly affects the thermal and mechanical properties. For paramagnetic Cu- and Mn-borate glasses, N 4 was determined from the IR spectra after deducing the relative absorption coefficient of boron tetrahedral versus boron trigonal units, α = α 4 /α 3 , using NMR literature data of the diamagnetic glasses.

Carbollide solubility and chemical compatibility summary

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McCabe, D.J.

1993-08-17

This report examines the value of the cobalt dicarbollide anion as an effective form of in-tank precipitation. The cobalt dicarbollide anion (CDC) has been investigated for the possible replacement of tetraphenyl borate anion (TPB) for precipitation of cesium in SRS High Level Waste (HLW). The solubility of the cesium CDC in 5 M salt solutions and the reactivity with caustic have been studied extensively. The solubility of CSCDC in a mixture of 4 M sodium nitrate and 1 m sodium hydroxide is {approximately}2 {times} 10{sup {minus}3} M at 40{degrees}C. Furthermore, the CDC decomposes in 1 M sodium hydroxide solution withmore » apparent first order kinetics with a half-life of 7.3 days at 60 {degrees}C and 94 days at 40{degrees}C. Tank temperatures are currently estimated to approach 60{degrees}C during the ITP filtration cycle. This solubility and rapid decomposition of the CDC under highly alkaline conditions and high temperature would require increasing the quantity of CDC and nonradioactive cesium which must be added, increasing the cost of production. Increasing the quantity of CDC would necessitate recovery of the material, probably using a solvent extraction system. Due to the large amount of nonradioactive cesium which must be added, the total amount of precipitate formed exceeds that for TPB precipitation. Also, formation of sodium and/or potassium precipitates compete with cesium salt precipitation in 5 M salt solutions at lower temperature (<30{degrees}C). Decomposition generates hydrogen, which may lead to process complications.« less

Determination of sodium benzoate in food products by fluorescence polarization immunoassay.

PubMed

Ren, Linlin; Meng, Meng; Wang, Peng; Xu, Zhihuan; Eremin, Sergei A; Zhao, Junhong; Yin, Yongmei; Xi, Rimo

2014-04-01

A rapid and sensitive fluorescence polarization immunoassay (FPIA), based on a polyclonal antibody, has been developed for the detection of sodium benzoate in spiked samples. The immunogen and fluorescein-labeled analyte conjugate were successfully synthesized, and the tracer was purified by TLC. Under the optimal assay conditions, the FPIA shows a detection range of 0.3-20.0 μg mL(-1) for sodium benzoate with a detection limit of 0.26 μg mL(-1) in the borate buffer. In addition, the IC₅₀ value was 2.48 μg mL(-1), and the cross-reactivity of the antibodies with ten structurally and functionally related analogs were detected respectively. Four kinds of food samples (energy drink, candy, ice sucker, RIO(TM) cocktail) were selected to evaluate the application of FPIA in real systems. The recoveries were 96.68-106.55% in energy drink; 95.78-100.80% in candy, 86.97-102.70% in ice sucker, and 103.58-109.87% in benzoate contained sample RIO(TM) cocktail, and coefficients of variation of this method were all lower than 11.25%. Comparing with the detection results of HPLC, the developed FPIA has comparative performance in the real sample determination. The results suggest that the FPIA developed in this study is a rapid, convenient and simple method, which is suitable to be used as a screening tool for homogeneous detection of sodium benzoate in food products. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

a Theoretical Analysis of Physical Properties of Aqueous Trehalose with Borax

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sahara; Aniya, Masaru

2013-07-01

The temperature and composition dependence of the viscosity of aqueous trehalose and aqueous trehalose-borax mixtures has been investigated by means of the Bond Strength-Coordination Number Fluctuation (BSCNF) model. The result indicates that the variation in the fragility of the system is very small in the composition range analyzed. The values of the materials parameters determined are consistent with those of the trehalose-water-lithium iodide system which were analyzed in a previous study. Based on the analysis of the obtained parameters of the BSCNF model, the physical interpretation of the WLF parameters reported in a previous study is reconfirmed.

Self-assembled 3D zinc borate florets via surfactant assisted synthesis under moderate pressures: Process temperature dependent morphology study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mahajan, Dhiraj S.; Deshpande, Tushar; Bari, Mahendra L.; Patil, Ujwal D.; Narkhede, Jitendra S.

2018-04-01

In the present study, we prepared zinc borates using aqueous phase synthesis under moderate pressures (MP) (<150 psi) with ethanol as a co-solvent in the presence of a quaternary ammonium surfactant-Cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). 3D morphologies of self-assembled zinc borate (Zn(H2O)B2O4 · 0.12 H2O, Zn3B6O12 · 3.5H2O, ZnB2O4) resembling flower-like structures were obtained by varying temperature under moderate pressure conditions. Synthesized zinc borates’ florets were morphologically characterized by Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy. The x-ray diffractions of borate species reveal rhombohydra, monoclinic and cubic phases of zinc borate crystals as a function of process temperature. Additionally, thermal analysis confirms excellent dehydration/degradation behavior for the zinc borate crystals synthesized at moderate pressures and elevated temperatures and could be utilized as potential flame retardant fillers in the polymer matrices.

Bioactive borate glass coatings for titanium alloys.

PubMed

Peddi, Laxmikanth; Brow, Richard K; Brown, Roger F

2008-09-01

Bioactive borate glass coatings have been developed for titanium and titanium alloys. Glasses from the Na(2)O-CaO-B(2)O(3) system, modified by additions of SiO(2), Al(2)O(3), and P(2)O(5), were characterized and compositions with thermal expansion matches to titanium were identified. Infrared and X-ray diffraction analyses indicate that a hydroxyapatite surface layer forms on the borate glasses after exposure to a simulated body fluid for 2 weeks at 37 degrees C; similar layers form on 45S5 Bioglass((R)) exposed to the same conditions. Assays with MC3T3-E1 pre-osteoblastic cells show the borate glasses exhibit in vitro biocompatibility similar to that of the 45S5 Bioglass((R)). An enameling technique was developed to form adherent borate glass coatings on Ti6Al4V alloy, with adhesive strengths of 36 +/- 2 MPa on polished substrates. The results show these new borate glasses to be promising candidates for forming bioactive coatings on titanium substrates.

Simultaneous determination of nandrolone, testosterone, and methyltestosterone by multi-immunoaffinity column and capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Qi, Xiao-Hua; Zhang, Li-Wei; Zhang, Xin-Xiang

2008-08-01

A multitarget antibody immunoaffinity column was proposed for the purification and enrichment of nandrolone, testosterone, and methyltestosterone from urine. Nandrolone-3-site substituted antigen was designed and synthesized and the polyclonal antibody was prepared with immunizing rabbits. The stationary phase of the immunoaffinity column was synthesized by covalently bonding the antibodies specific to nandrolone, testosterone, and methyltestosterone onto CNBr-actived Sepharose 4B. The analytes of interest were extracted with a methanol/water mixture in one step. The immunoaffinity column showed high affinity and high selectivity to a class of structurally related compounds. The elution was then transferred to a micellar electrokinetic CE system with a running buffer of sodium borate and sodium cholate for separation and determination. Recoveries of the three steroids from complex matrix were 88-94% with RSD values less than 5.2%. Optimization of the immunoaffinity column purification was achieved and the feasibility of the technique for the analysis of steroid hormone was discussed. The results indicated that the combination of multi-immunoaffinity column and CE was an effective technique, which was rapid, simple, and sensitive for the assay of steroids.

Reproductive toxicity in boron exposed workers in Bandirma, Turkey.

PubMed

Başaran, Nurşen; Duydu, Yalçin; Bolt, Hermann M

2012-06-01

Boric acid and sodium borates have been considered as being "toxic to reproduction and development", following results of animal studies with high doses. However unfavorable effects of boron exposure on reproduction and development have not been proved in epidemiological studies so far. The aim of the present study was to investigate the reproductive toxicity indicators in highly exposed workers employed in a boric acid production plant in Bandırma, Turkey. Two hundred and four workers participated in this study. The mean blood boron concentration of the high exposure group of workers was 223.89 ± 69.49 (152.82-454.02)ng/g. Unfavorable effects of boron exposure on the reproductive toxicity indicators were not observed. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Chiral separation of benzoporphyrin derivative mono- and diacids by laser induced fluorescence-capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Peng, Xuejun; Sternberg, Ethan; Dolphin, David

2002-01-01

A method for the separation of benzoporphyrin derivative mono- and diacid (BPDMA, BPDDA) enantiomers by laser induced fluorescence-capillary electrophoresis (LIF-CE) has been developed. By using 300 mM borate buffer, pH 9.2, 25 mM sodium cholate and 10% acetronitrile as electrolyte, +10 kV electrokinetic sampling injection of 2 s and an applied +20 kV voltage across the ends of a 37 cm capillary (30 cm to the detector, 50 microm ID), all six BPD stereoisomers were baseline-separated within 20 min. Formation constants, free electrophoretic and complexation mobilities with borate and cholate were determined based on dynamic complexation capillary electrophoresis theory. The BPD enantiomers can be quantitatively determined in the range of 10(-2)-10(-5) mg mL(-1). The correlation coefficients (r2) of the least-squares linear regression analysis of the BPD enantiomers are in the range of 0.9914-0.9997. Their limits of detection are 2.18-3.5 x 10(-3) mg mL(-1). The relative standard deviations for the separation were 2.90-4.64% (n = 10). In comparison with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), CE has better resolution and efficiency. This separation method was successfully applied to the BPD enantiomers obtained from a matrix of bovine serum and from liposomally formulated material as well as from studies with rat, dog and human microsomes.

Structure and mechanical properties of aluminosilicate geopolymer composites with Portland cement and its constituent minerals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tailby, Jonathan, E-mail: jmtailby@hotmail.co; MacKenzie, Kenneth J.D.

2010-05-15

The compressive strengths and structures of composites of aluminosilicate geopolymer with the synthetic cement minerals C{sub 3}S, beta-C{sub 2}S, C{sub 3}A and commercial OPC were investigated. All the composites showed lower strengths than the geopolymer and OPC paste alone. X-ray diffraction, {sup 29}Si and {sup 27}Al MAS NMR and SEM/EDS observations indicate that hydration of the cement minerals and OPC is hindered in the presence of geopolymer, even though sufficient water was present in the mix for hydration to occur. In the absence of SEM evidence for the formation of an impervious layer around the cement mineral grains, the poormore » strength development is suggested to be due to the retarded development of C-S-H because of the preferential removal from the system of available Si because geopolymer formation is more rapid than the hydration of the cement minerals. This possibility is supported by experiments in which the rate of geopolymer formation is retarded by the substitution of potassium for sodium, by the reduction of the alkali content of the geopolymer paste or by the addition of borate. In all these cases the strength of the OPC-geopolymer composite was increased, particularly by the combination of the borate additive with the potassium geopolymer, producing an OPC-geopolymer composite stronger than hydrated OPC paste alone.« less

76 FR 74831 - Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-12-01

... exposed to treated borated water. In response to a request from the Nuclear Energy Institute (NEI), the... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0256] Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water AGENCY: Nuclear Regulatory Commission. ACTION: Draft interim staff...

Structure and luminescence spectra of lutetium and yttrium borates synthesized from ammonium nitrate melt

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klassen, Nikolay V.; Shmurak, Semion Z.; Shmyt'ko, Ivan M.; Strukova, Galina K.; Derenzo, Stephen E.; Weber, Marvin J.

2005-01-01

Lutetium and yttrium borates doped with europium, terbium, gadolinium, etc. have been synthesized by dissolving initial oxides and nitrates in ammonium nitrate melt and thermal decomposition of the solvent. Annealings in the range of 500-1100°C modified the dimensions of the grains from 2 to 3 nm to more than 100 nm. Significant dependence of the structure of lutetium borate on slight doping with rare earth ions has been found: terbium makes high-temperature vaterite phase preferential at room temperature, whereas europium stabilizes low-temperature calcite phase. Influence of the structure of the borates on the pattern of the luminescence spectra of europium dopant was observed. Possibilities for manufacturing of scintillating lutetium borate ceramics by means of this method of synthesis are discussed.

Angiogenic effects of borate glass microfibers in a rodent model.

PubMed

Lin, Yinan; Brown, Roger F; Jung, Steven B; Day, Delbert E

2014-12-01

The primary objective of this research was to evaluate the use of bioactive borate-based glass microfibers for angiogenesis in soft tissue repair applications. The effect of these fibers on growth of capillaries and small blood vessels was compared to that of 45S5 silica glass microfibers and sham implant controls. Compressed mats of three types of glass microfibers were implanted subcutaneously in rats and tissues surrounding the implant sites histologically evaluated 2-4 weeks post surgery. Bioactive borate glass 13-93B3 supplemented with 0.4 wt % copper promoted extensive angiogenesis as compared to silica glass microfibers and sham control tissues. The angiogenic responses suggest the copper-containing 13-93B3 microfibers may be effective for treating chronic soft tissue wounds. A second objective was to assess the possible systemic cytotoxicity of dissolved borate ions and other materials released from implanted borate glass microfibers. Cytotoxicity was assessed via histological evaluation of kidney tissue collected from animals 4 weeks after subcutaneously implanting high amounts of the borate glass microfibers. The evaluation of the kidney tissue from these animals showed no evidence of chronic histopathological changes in the kidney. The overall results indicate the borate glass microfibers are safe and effective for soft tissue applications. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Method for producing a borohydride

DOEpatents

Kong, Peter C [Idaho Falls, ID

2008-09-02

A method for producing a borohydride is described and which includes the steps of providing a source of borate; providing a material which chemically reduces the source of the borate to produce a borohydride; and reacting the source of borate and the material by supplying heat at a temperature which substantially effects the production of the borohydride.

Method for producing a borohydride

DOEpatents

Kong, Peter C.

2010-06-22

A method for producing a borohydride is described that includes the steps of providing a source of borate; providing a material that chemically reduces the source of the borate to produce a borohydride; and reacting the source of the borate and the material by supplying heat at a temperature that substantially effects the production of the borohydride.

Improved synthesis of fine zinc borate particles using seed crystals

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gürhan, Deniz; Çakal, Gaye Ö.; Eroğlu, İnci; Özkar, Saim

2009-03-01

Zinc borate is a flame retardant additive used in polymers, wood applications and textile products. There are different types of zinc borate having different chemical compositions and structures. In this study, the production of zinc borate having the molecular formula of 2ZnO·3B 2O 3·3.5H 2O was reexamined by studying the effects of reaction parameters on the properties of product as well as the reaction kinetics. Production of zinc borate from the reaction of boric acid and zinc oxide in the presence of seed crystals was performed in a continuously stirred, temperature-controlled batch reactor having a volume of 1.5 L. Samples taken in regular time intervals during the experiments were analyzed for the concentration of zinc oxide and boron oxide in the solid as well as for the conversion of zinc oxide to zinc borate versus time. The zinc borate production reaction was fit to the logistic model. The reaction rate, reaction completion time, composition and particle size distribution of zinc borate product were determined by varying the following parameters: the boric acid to zinc oxide ratio (H 3BO 3:ZnO=3:1, 3.5:1, 5:1 and 7:1), the particle size of zinc oxide (10 and 25 μm), stirring rate (275, 400, 800 and 1600 rpm), temperature (75, 85 and 95 °C) and the size of seed crystals (10 and 2 μm). The products were also analyzed for particle size distribution. The experimental results showed that the reaction rate increases with the increase in H 3BO 3:ZnO ratio, particle size of zinc oxide, stirring rate and temperature. Concomitantly, the reaction completion time is decreased by increasing the H 3BO 3:ZnO ratio, stirring rate and temperature. The average particle sizes of the zinc borate products are in the range 4.3-16.6 μm (wet dispersion analysis).

Understanding the role of ion interactions in soluble salt flotation with alkylammonium and alkylsulfate collectors.

PubMed

Ozdemir, Orhan; Du, Hao; Karakashev, Stoyan I; Nguyen, Anh V; Celik, M S; Miller, Jan D

2011-03-15

There is anecdotal evidence for the significant effects of salt ions on the flotation separation of minerals using process water of high salt content. Examples include flotation of soluble salt minerals such as potash, trona and borax in brine solutions using alkylammonium and alkylsulfate collectors such as dodecylamine hydrochloride and sodium dodecylsulfate. Although some of the effects are expected, some do not seem to be encompassed by classical theories of colloid science. Several experimental and modeling techniques for determining solution viscosity, surface tension, bubble-particle attachment time, contact angle, and molecular dynamics simulation have been used to provide further information on air-solution and solid-solution interfacial phenomena, especially with respect to the interfacial water structure due to the presence of dissolved ions. In addition atomic force microscopy, and sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy have been used to provide further information on surface states. These studies indicate that the ion specificity effect is the most significant factor influencing flotation in brine solutions. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Imaging lateral groundwater flow in the shallow subsurface using stochastic temperature fields

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fairley, Jerry P.; Nicholson, Kirsten N.

2006-04-01

Although temperature has often been used as an indication of vertical groundwater movement, its usefulness for identifying horizontal fluid flow has been limited by the difficulty of obtaining sufficient data to draw defensible conclusions. Here we use stochastic simulation to develop a high-resolution image of fluid temperatures in the shallow subsurface at Borax Lake, Oregon. The temperature field inferred from the geostatistical simulations clearly shows geothermal fluids discharging from a group of fault-controlled hydrothermal springs, moving laterally through the subsurface, and mixing with shallow subsurface flow originating from nearby Borax Lake. This interpretation of the data is supported by independent geochemical and isotopic evidence, which show a simple mixing trend between Borax Lake water and discharge from the thermal springs. It is generally agreed that stochastic simulation can be a useful tool for extracting information from complex and/or noisy data and, although not appropriate in all situations, geostatistical analysis may provide good definition of flow paths in the shallow subsurface. Although stochastic imaging techniques are well known in problems involving transport of species, e.g. delineation of contaminant plumes from soil gas survey data, we are unaware of previous applications to the transport of thermal energy for the purpose of inferring shallow groundwater flow.

Hot-spring sinter deposits in the Alvord-Pueblo Valley, Harney County, Oregon

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cummings, M.L.; St. John, A.M.

1993-04-01

Silica sinter deposits occur at Borax Lake, Alvord Hot Springs, and Mickey Springs in the Alvord-Pueblo Valley. Although the sinter deposits occur in areas of active hot springs, sinter is not being deposited. Hot springs are localized along faults that have been active since the Pleistocene. The sinter deposits formed after the drying of glacial Lake Alvord, but before and during extensive wind deflation of glacial-lacustrine sediments. At Mickey Springs, sinter rests directly on unaltered, unconsolidated lithic-rich sand. At Borax Lake, sinter overlies unaltered diatomite, but some armoring, presumably by silica, of the 30 m vent has developed. Field relationsmore » suggest rapid dumping of silica from solution without alteration of the country rock at the vent. Discharge of thermal fluids and cold groundwater along the same structure may have produced colloidal silica carried in a solution stripped of dissolved silica. Sinter is composed of opal-a, traces of detrital feldspar and quartz, and evaporation-related boracite. The concentration of Sb is similar among the three sinter deposits (20 to 70 ppm); however, As, Cs, and Br are highest at Borax Lake (5 to 560 ppm; 26 to 118 ppm; 5 to 1,040 ppm) while Hg is highest at Mickey Springs (1.0 to 5.2 ppm).« less

Monitoring the quality consistency of Weibizhi tablets by micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprints combined with multivariate statistical analyses, the simple quantified ratio fingerprint method, and the fingerprint-efficacy relationship.

PubMed

Liu, Yingchun; Sun, Guoxiang; Wang, Yan; Yang, Lanping; Yang, Fangliang

2015-06-01

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography fingerprinting combined with quantification was successfully developed and applied to monitor the quality consistency of Weibizhi tablets, which is a classical compound preparation used to treat gastric ulcers. A background electrolyte composed of 57 mmol/L sodium borate, 21 mmol/L sodium dodecylsulfate and 100 mmol/L sodium hydroxide was used to separate compounds. To optimize capillary electrophoresis conditions, multivariate statistical analyses were applied. First, the most important factors influencing sample electrophoretic behavior were identified as background electrolyte concentrations. Then, a Box-Benhnken design response surface strategy using resolution index RF as an integrated response was set up to correlate factors with response. RF reflects the effective signal amount, resolution, and signal homogenization in an electropherogram, thus, it was regarded as an excellent indicator. In fingerprint assessments, simple quantified ratio fingerprint method was established for comprehensive quality discrimination of traditional Chinese medicines/herbal medicines from qualitative and quantitative perspectives, by which the quality of 27 samples from the same manufacturer were well differentiated. In addition, the fingerprint-efficacy relationship between fingerprints and antioxidant activities was established using partial least squares regression, which provided important medicinal efficacy information for quality control. The present study offered an efficient means for monitoring Weibizhi tablet quality consistency. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Uranium(iii) complexes supported by hydrobis(mercaptoimidazolyl)borates: synthesis and oxidation chemistry.

PubMed

Maria, Leonor; Santos, Isabel C; Santos, Isabel

2018-05-23

The reaction of [UI3(thf)4] with the sodium or lithium salts of hydrobis(2-mercapto-1-methylimidazolyl)borate ligands ([H(R)B(timMe)2]-) in a 1 : 2 ratio, in tetrahydrofuran, gave the U(iii) complexes [UI{κ3-H,S,S'-H(R)B(timMe)2}2(thf)2] (R = H (1), Ph (2)) in good yields. Crystals of [UI{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(thf)2] (2) were obtained by recrystallization from a tetrahydrofuran/acetonitrile solution, and the ion-separated uranium complex [U{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(CH3CN)3][I] (3-I) was obtained by dissolution of 2 in acetonitrile followed by recrystallization. One-electron oxidation of 2 with AgBPh4 or I2 resulted in the formation of the cationic U(iv) complexes [U{κ3-H,S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}3][X] (X = BPh4 (6-BPh4), I (6-I)), due to a ligand redistribution process. These complexes are the first examples of homoleptic poly(azolyl)borate U(iv) complexes. Treatment of complex 2 with azobenzene led to the isolation of crystals of the U(iv) compound [UI{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(κ2-timMe)] (7). Treatment of 2 with pyridine-N oxide (pyNO) led to the formation of the uranyl complex [UO2{κ2-S,S'-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2] (8) and of complex 6-I, while from the reaction of [U{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(thf)3][BPh4] (5) with pyNO, the oxo-bridged U(iv) complex [{U{κ3-H(Ph)B(timMe)2}2(pyNO)}2(μ-O)][BPh4]2 (9) was also obtained. In the U(iii) and U(iv) complexes, the bis(azolyl)borate ligands bind to the uranium center in a κ3-H,S,S' coordination mode, while in the U(vi) complex the ligands bind to the metal in a κ2-S,S' mode. The presence of UH-B interactions in the solid-state, for the nine-coordinate complexes 1, 2, 3, 6 and 7 and for the eight-coordinate complex 9, was supported by IR spectroscopy and/or X-ray diffraction analysis.

Corrosion studies of titanium in borated water for TPX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wilson, D.F.; Pawel, S.J.; DeVan, J.H.

1995-12-31

Corrosion testing was performed to demonstrate the compatibility of the titanium vacuum vessel with borated water. Borated water is proposed to fill the annulus of the double wall vacuum vessel to provide effective radiation shielding. Borating the water with 110 grams of boric acid per liter is sufficient to reduce the nuclear heating in the Toroidal Field Coil set and limit the activation of components external to the vacuum vessel. Constant extension rate tensile (CERT) and electrochemical potentiodynamic tests were performed. Results of the CERT tests confirm that stress corrosion cracking is not significant for Ti-6Al4V or Ti-3AI-2.5V. Welded andmore » unwelded specimens were tested in air and in borated water at 150{degree}C. Strength, elongation, and time to failure were nearly identical for all test conditions, and all the samples exhibited ductile failure. Potentiodynamic tests on Ti-6A1-4V and Ti in borated water as a function of temperature showed low corrosion rates over a wide passive potential range. Further, this passivity appeared stable to anodic potentials substantially greater than those expected from MHD effects.« less

Effect of modifying agents on the hydrophobicity and yield of zinc borate synthesized by zinc oxide

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acarali, Nil Baran; Bardakci, Melek; Tugrul, Nurcan; Derun, Emek Moroydor; Piskin, Sabriye

2013-06-01

The aim of this study was to synthesize zinc borate using zinc oxide, reference boric acid, and reference zinc borate (reference ZB) as the seed, and to investigate the effects of modifying agents and reaction parameters on the hydrophobicity and yield, respectively. The reaction parameters include reaction time (1-5 h), reactant ratio (H3BO3/ZnO by mass: 2-5), seed ratio (seed crystal/(H3BO3+ZnO) by mass: 0-2wt%), reaction temperature (50-120°C), cooling temperature (10-80°C), and stirring rate (400-700 r/min); the modifying agents involve propylene glycol (PG, 0-6wt%), kerosene (1wt%-6wt%), and oleic acid (OA, 1wt%-6wt%) with solvents (isopropyl alcohol (IPA), ethanol, and methanol). The results of reaction yield obtained from either magnetically or mechanically stirred systems were compared. Zinc borate produced was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and contact angle tests to identify the hydrophobicity. In conclusion, zinc borate is synthesized successfully under the optimized reaction conditions, and the different modifying agents with various solvents affect the hydrophobicity of zinc borate.

Novel method for early investigation of bioactivity in different borate bio-glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdelghany, A. M.

Some ternary borate glasses were prepared and corrosion behavior of such ternary borate glasses after immersion in aqueous dilute phosphate solution was studied using different immersion times. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectral measurements were done before and after immersion in the mentioned solution for extended times up to 2 days to justify the appearance of the characteristic FTIR bands due to calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite (HA)) which is considered as the potential indication of bioactivity. Experimental IR data confirm the beginning of the appearance of FTIR bands at about 580 and 620 cm-1 after 3 days and the complete resolution with its characteristic split form after 1 week and more. Deconvolution analysis technique (DAT) of the FTIR spectrum was employed to investigate the bioactivity of such ternary borate system after a short period of immersion. The corrosion behavior of such glasses is explained in relation to a suggested hydrolysis followed by direct dissolution mechanism. The ease of dissolution of all the borate glasses constituents explains the formation of calcium phosphate and conversion to crystalline hydroxyapatite within the borate glass matrix. X-ray diffraction may be used to retrace the structural changes and degree of crystallinity of the prepared glasses.

Development of Natural Anthocyanin Dye-Doped Silica Nanoparticles for pH and Borate-Sensing Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ha, Chu T.; Lien, Nghiem T. Ha; Anh, Nguyen D.; Lam, Nguyen L.

2017-12-01

Anthocyanin belongs to a large group of phenolic compounds called flavonoids. It is found primarily in fruits, flowers, roots and other parts of higher plants. Within the black carrot, it has been found that the cyanidin component 1,2 diol was the major anthocyanine. Since the terminal thiols potentially display chemical interactions with borate additives, anthocyanin from the black carrot can act as a sensing material for detecting borate in the environment. As a natural dye, anthocyanin responds to pH change of the medium. Here, we present an application of black carrot dyes for pH sensing and for the detection of borate additives within meats. The dyes were encapsulated within a mesoporous silica (SiO2) matrix in order to prevent the sensing materials from dissolution into the aqueous medium. The encapsulation was done in situ during preparation of silica nanoparticles (size from 100 nm to 500 nm) following an advanced Stöber method. These anthocyanin-encapsulated silica nanoparticles show a clear color change from green in an aqueous solution free of borate to GRAY-red in the presence of borate additive and red (pH 2) to green (pH 10).

A medium range order structural connection to the configurational heat capacity of borate-silicate mixed glasses.

PubMed

Liu, Hao; Smedskjaer, Morten M; Tao, Haizheng; Jensen, Lars R; Zhao, Xiujian; Yue, Yuanzheng

2016-04-28

It has been reported that the configurational heat capacity (C(p,conf)) first increases and then becomes saturated with increasing B2O3/SiO2 ratio in borate-silicate mixed glasses. Through Raman spectroscopy measurements, we have, in this work, found an implication for the intermediate range order (IRO) structural connection to the composition dependence of the C(p,conf) of borate-silicate mixed glasses. In the silica-rich compositions, the C(p,conf) rapidly increases with increasing B2O3 content. This is attributed to the increase of the content of the B-O-Si network units ([B2Si2O8](2-)) and 6-membered borate rings with 1 or 2 B(4). In the boron-rich compositions, the C(p,conf) is almost constant, independent of the increase in the B2O3/SiO2 ratio. This is likely attributed to the counteraction between the decrease of the fraction of two types of metaborate groups and the increase of the fraction of other borate superstructural units (particularly 6-membered borate rings). The overall results suggest that the glasses containing more types of superstructural units have a larger C(p,conf).

The luminescence and decay enhancement by variation in atomic size of alkaline earth metals in Pr3+ incorporated sodium lead borate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lenkennavar, Susheela K.; Madhu, A.; Eraiah, B.; Kokila, M. K.

2018-05-01

The glasses used for the present study are prepared by the melting and quenching techniques of composition 20Na2O-10PbO-10MO-60B2O3-xPr2O3 (where, M=Ba, Ca, Sr and x= 0.5 mol% of Pr3+). For different alkaline considered with same Pr3+ concemtartion incorporation on present work as resulted in interesting facts. Due to the effect of different atomic size, the luminescence and life time of glasses are affected. Only for calcium alkaline earth metal incorporated samples has proved to have highest intensity in emission and longer life time. The detailed studies of them have been reported for the better understanding.

Determination of antibacterial flomoxef in serum by capillary electrophoresis.

PubMed

Kitahashi, Toshihiro; Furuta, Itaru

2003-04-01

A determination method of flomoxef (FMOX) concentration in serum by capillary electrophoresis is developed. Serum samples are extracted with acetonitrile. After pretreatment, they are separated in a fused-silica capillary tube with a 25 mM borate buffer (pH 10.0) as a running buffer that contains 50mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The FMOX and acetaminophen (internal standard) are detected by UV absorbance at 200 nm. Linearity (0-200 mg/L) is good, and the minimum limit of detection is 1.0 mg/L (S/N = 3). The relative standard deviations of intra- and interassay variability are 1.60-4.78% and 2.10-3.31%, respectively, and the recovery rate is 84-98%. This method can be used for determination of FMOX concentration in serum.

Total cost of 46-Mw Borax cogen system put at $30M

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

de Biasi, V.

1983-03-01

The cogeneration system, designed around a W-251B gas turbine power plant exhausting into a Deltak waste heat boiler to produce ''free'' process steam from the gas turbine exhaust, is discussed. The design includes water injection for NO/sub x/ control, self-cleaning inlet air filters, evaporative coolers, supercharger, and supplementary firing of the waste heat boiler. Once the system is operational Borax will be able to generate all of the electricity needed for on-site operations and a large share of process steam needs--plus still have 22-23 Mw surplus electric power to sell, so that the installation should pay for itself in lessmore » than 5 years of service.« less

Superfund record of decision (EPA region 10): Idaho National Engineering Lab, (USDOE) Operable Unit 26 (Stationary Low-Power Reactor-1 and Boiling Water Reactor Experiment-I Burial Grounds), Idaho Falls, ID, December 1, 1995

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

NONE

1997-03-01

This document presents the selected remedial action for the Stationary Low-Power Reactor-1 (SL-1) burial ground, the Boiling Water Reactor Experiment-I (BORAX-I) burial ground, and 10 no action sites in Waste Area Group 5. Actual or threatened releases of hazardous substances from the SL-1 and BORAX-I burial grounds, if not addressed by implementing the response action selected in this Record of Decision, may present a current or potential threat to public health, welfare, or the environment. The 10 no action sites do not present a threat to human health or the environment.

Borate minerals and origin of the RNA world.

PubMed

Grew, Edward S; Bada, Jeffrey L; Hazen, Robert M

2011-08-01

The RNA World is generally thought to have been an important link between purely prebiotic (>3.7 Ga) chemistry and modern DNA/protein biochemistry. One concern about the RNA World hypothesis is the geochemical stability of ribose, the sugar moiety of RNA. Prebiotic stabilization of ribose by solutions associated with borate minerals, notably colemanite, ulexite, and kernite, has been proposed as one resolution to this difficulty. However, a critical unresolved issue is whether borate minerals existed in sufficient quantities on the primitive Earth, especially in the period when prebiotic synthesis processes leading to RNA took place. Although the oldest reported colemanite and ulexite are 330 Ma, and the oldest reported kernite, 19 Ma, boron isotope data and geologic context are consistent with an evaporitic borate precursor to 2400-2100 Ma borate deposits in the Liaoning and Jilin Provinces, China, as well as to tourmaline-group minerals at 3300-3450 Ma in the Barberton belt, South Africa. The oldest boron minerals for which the age of crystallization could be determined are the metamorphic tourmaline species schorl and dravite in the Isua complex (metamorphism between ca. 3650 and ca. 3600 Ma). Whether borates such as colemanite, ulexite and kernite were present in the Hadean (>4000 Ma) at the critical juncture when prebiotic molecules such as ribose required stabilization depends on whether a granitic continental crust had yet differentiated, because in its absence we see no means for boron to be sufficiently concentrated for borates to be precipitated.

A mechanistic study of the interaction of water-soluble borate glass with apatite-bound heterocyclic nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates.

PubMed

Pramanik, Chandrani; Sood, Parveen; Niu, Li-Na; Yuan, He; Ghoshal, Sushanta; Henderson, Walter; Liu, Yaodong; Jang, Seung Soon; Kumar, Satish; Pashley, David H; Tay, Franklin R

2016-02-01

Long-term oral and intravenous use of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) is associated with osteonecrosis of the jaw. Although N-BPs bind strongly to bone surfaces via non-covalent bonds, it is possible for extrinsic ions to dissociate bound N-BPs from mineralized bone by competitive desorption. Here, we investigate the effects and mechanism of using an ionic cocktail derived from borate bioactive glass for sequestration of heterocyclic N-BPs bound to apatite. By employing solid-state and solution-state analytical techniques, we confirmed that sequestration of N-BPs from bisphosphonate-bound apatite occurs in the presence of the borate-containing ionic cocktail. Simulations by density functional theory computations indicate that magnesium cation and borate anion are well within the extent of the risedronate or zoledronate anion to form precipitate complexes. The sequestration mechanism is due to the borate anion competing with bisphosphonates for similar electron-deficient sites on the apatite surface for binding. Thus, application of the borate-containing ionic cocktail represents a new topical lavage approach for removing apatite-bound heterocyclic N-BPs from exposed necrotic bone in bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Long-term oral consumption and injections of nitrogen-containing bisphosphonates (N-BPs) may result in death of the jaw bone when there is traumatic injury to the bone tissues. To date, there is no effective treatment for such a condition. This work reported the use of an ionic cocktail derived from water-soluble borate glass microfibers to displace the most potent type of N-BPs that are bound strongly to the mineral component on bone surfaces. The mechanism responsible for such an effect has been identified to be cation-mediated complexation of borate anions with negatively-charged N-BPs, allowing them to be released from the mineral surface. This borate-containing cocktail may be developed into a novel topical rinse for removing mineral-bound N-BPs from exposed dead bone. Copyright © 2015 Acta Materialia Inc. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Predicting the toxicity of major ions in seawater to mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), sheepshead minnow (Cyprinodon variegatus), and inland silverside minnow (Menidia beryllina)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pillard, D.A.; DuFresne, D.L.; Caudle, D.D.

2000-01-01

Although marine organisms are naturally adapted to salinities well above those of freshwater, elevated concentrations of specific ions have been shown to cause adverse effects on some saltwater species. Because some ions are also physiologically essential, a deficiency of these ions can also cause significant effects. To provide a predictive tool to assess toxicity associated with major ions, mysid shrimp (Mysidopsis bahia), sheepshead minnows (Cyprinodon variegatus), and inland silverside minnows (Menidia beryllina) were exposed to saline solutions containing calcium, magnesium, potassium, strontium, bicarbonate, borate, bromide, and sulfate at concentrations above and below what would be found in seawater. Solution salinitymore » was maintained at approximately 31% by increasing or decreasing sodium and chloride concentrations. Logistic regression models were developed with both the ion molar concentrations and ion activity. Toxicity to all three species was observed when either a deficiency or an excess of potassium and calcium occurred. Significant mortality occurred in all species when exposed to excess concentrations of magnesium, bicarbonate, and borate. The response to the remaining ions varied with species. Sheepshead minnows were the most tolerant of both deficient and elevated levels of the different ions. Mysid shrimp and inland silverside minnows demonstrated similar sensitivities to several ions, but silverside minnow response was more variable. As a result, the logistic models that predict inland silverside minnow survival generally were less robust than for the other two species.« less

Low-energy collisionally activated dissociation of pentose-borate complexes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pepi, Federico; Garzoli, Stefania; Tata, Alessandra; Giacomello, Pierluigi

2010-01-01

Pentose-borate 1:1 complexes were generated in the ESI source of a triple quadrupole and ion trap mass spectrometer by electrospray ionization of Na2B4O7 and pentose (arabinose, lyxose, ribose, xylose) 2:1 solution in CH3CN/H2O. The study of their low-energy collisionally activated dissociation (CAD) demonstrated that ribose and lyxose are preferentially complexed at the C2-C3 cis-diol function whereas arabinose and xylose are esterified at the C1-C2 hydroxyl groups. No evidence was found of the stronger affinity for ribose to borate. The ribose probiotic rule can be explained by considering its peculiar capability, among the investigated pentoses, to almost totally complex the borate anion at the C2-C3 hydroxyl group, thus enabling the subsequent stages of nucleotide assembly, such as phosphorylation and linkage to the nucleobases. Finally, the differences observed in the pentose-borate complex CAD spectra can be used for the mass spectrometric discrimination of isomeric pentoses in complex mixtures.

Study on Microstructure and Electrochemical Corrosion Behavior of PEO Coatings Formed on Aluminum Alloy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xiang, N.; Song, R. G.; Li, H.; Wang, C.; Mao, Q. Z.; Xiong, Y.

2015-12-01

Plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) treated 6063 aluminum alloy was applied in a silicate- and borate-based alkaline solution. The microstructure and electrochemical corrosion behavior were studied by scanning electron microscopy, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The results showed that the silicate-based PEO coating was of a denser structure compared with that of borate-based PEO coating. In addition, the silicate-based PEO coating was composed of more phased (Al9Si) than borate-based PEO coating. The results of corrosion test indicated that the silicate-based PEO coating provided a superior protection to 6063 aluminum alloy substrate, while borate-based PEO coating with a porous structure showed an inferior conservancy against corrosive electrolyte. Furthermore, the EIS tests proved that both coatings were capable to resist the aggressive erosion in 0.5 M NaCl solution after 72 h of immersion. However, the borate-based PEO coating could not provide sufficient protection to the substrate after 72-h immersion in 1 M NaCl solution.

Synthesis of hydrophobic zinc borate nanoflakes and its effect on flame retardant properties of polyethylene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Shengli; Long, Beihong; Wang, Zichen; Tian, Yumei; Zheng, Yunhui; Zhang, Qian

2010-04-01

Zinc borate (2ZnO·3B 2O 3·3.5H 2O) has relatively high dehydration on-set temperature which property permits processing in a wide range of polymer system. But zinc borate particles are hardly dispersed in a polymer matrix so that they prevent their using in industry. To address this problem, we synthesized hydrophobic zinc borate (2ZnO·3B 2O 3·3.5H 2O) nanoflakes by employing solid-liquid reaction of zinc oxide (ZnO) and boric acid (H 3BO 3) in the presence of oleic acid. This method does not bring pollution. By conducting morphological and microscopic analyses, we found that this compound displayed nanoflake morphology with particle size of around 100-200 nm, thickness less than 100 nm and there were uniform mesopores with the diameter about 10 nm within the particles. Furthermore, our products had an effect on flame retardant of polyethylene, especially when the zinc borate was modified by oleic acid.

Boron

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Cozen, L.F.

1991-05-01

This paper reports that borate minerals and refined borates are used extensively for the manufacture of vitreous materials such as insulation and textile fiberglasses, borosilicate glass, and porcelain enamels and frits. In North America, these applications are estimated to account for over 54% of the borate consumption. Other substantial uses are in soaps and detergents, metallurgy, fire retardants, industrial biocides, agriculture, and various miscellaneous applications. Reported domestic borate consumption in 1990 was estimated by the U.S. Bureau of Mines to be 320 000 metric tons B{sub 2}O{sub 3} versus 354 000 metric tons B{sub 2}O{sub 3} in 1989. Consumption ismore » projected to remain essentially static in 1991. Imports were estimated by the Bureau to be 50 000 metric tons B{sub 2}O{sub 3} in 1990. Exports of boric acid and refined borates were approximately 650 000 metric tons of product, a 15 000 metric ton increase from the 1989 level. This increase partially offsets the drop in the 1990 consumption level.« less

Determination of residual cell culture media components by MEKC.

PubMed

Zhang, Junge; Chakraborty, Utpal; Foley, Joe P

2009-11-01

Folic acid, hypoxanthine, mycophenolic acid, nicotinic acid, riboflavin, and xanthine are widely used as cell culture media components in monoclonal antibody manufacturing. These components are subsequently removed during the downstream purification processes. This article describes a single MEKC method that can simultaneously determine all the listed compounds with acceptable LOD and LOQ. All the analytes were successfully separated by MEKC using running buffer containing 40 mM SDS, 20 mM sodium phosphate, and 20 mM sodium borate at pH 9.0. The MEKC method was compared to the corresponding CZE method using the same running buffer containing no SDS. The effect of SDS concentration on separation, the pH of the running buffer, and the detection wavelength were studied and optimal MEKC conditions were established. Good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients of more than 0.99 for all analytes. Specificity, accuracy, and precision were also evaluated. The recovery was in the range of 89-112%. The precision results were in the range of 1.7-4.8%. The experimentally determined data demonstrated that the MEKC method is applicable to the determination of the six analytes in in-process samples from monoclonal antibody manufacturing processes.

Novel method for early investigation of bioactivity in different borate bio-glasses.

PubMed

Abdelghany, A M

2013-01-01

Some ternary borate glasses were prepared and corrosion behavior of such ternary borate glasses after immersion in aqueous dilute phosphate solution was studied using different immersion times. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) absorption spectral measurements were done before and after immersion in the mentioned solution for extended times up to 2 days to justify the appearance of the characteristic FTIR bands due to calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite (HA)) which is considered as the potential indication of bioactivity. Experimental IR data confirm the beginning of the appearance of FTIR bands at about 580 and 620 cm(-1) after 3 days and the complete resolution with its characteristic split form after 1 week and more. Deconvolution analysis technique (DAT) of the FTIR spectrum was employed to investigate the bioactivity of such ternary borate system after a short period of immersion. The corrosion behavior of such glasses is explained in relation to a suggested hydrolysis followed by direct dissolution mechanism. The ease of dissolution of all the borate glasses constituents explains the formation of calcium phosphate and conversion to crystalline hydroxyapatite within the borate glass matrix. X-ray diffraction may be used to retrace the structural changes and degree of crystallinity of the prepared glasses. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Precipitation method for barium metaborate (BaB2O4) synthesis from borax solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akşener, Eymen; Figen, Aysel Kantürk; Pişkin, Sabriye

2013-12-01

In this study, barium metaborate (BaB2O4, BMB) synthesis from the borax solution was carried out. BMB currently is used in production of ceramic glazes, luminophors, oxide cathodes as well as additives to pigments for aqueous emulsion paints and also β-BaB2O4 single crystals are the best candidate for fabrication of solid-state UV lasers operating at a wavelength of 200 nm due to excellent nonlinear optical properties. In the present study, synthesis was carried out from the borax solution (Na2B4O7ṡ10H2O, BDH) and barium chloride (BaCI2ṡ2H2O, Ba) in the glass-batch reactor with stirring. The effect of, times (5-15 min), molar ratio [stoich.ration (1.0:2.0), 1.25:2.0, 1.5:2.0, 2.5:2:0, 3.0:2.0, 3.5:2.0,4.0:2.0, 5.0:2.0] and also crystallization time (2-6 hour) on the BMB yield (%) was investigated at 80 °C reaction temperature. It is found that, BMB precipitation synthesis with 90 % yield can be performed from 0.50 molar ration (BDH:Ba), under 80 °C, 15 minute, and 6 hours crystallization time. The structural properties of BMB powders were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR and DTA-TG instrumental analysis technique.

Borate protection of softwood from Coptotermes acinaciformis (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) damage: variation in protection thresholds explained.

PubMed

Peters, Brenton C; Fitzgerald, Christopher J

2006-10-01

Laboratory and field data reported in the literature are confusing with regard to "adequate" protection thresholds for borate timber preservatives. The confusion is compounded by differences in termite species, timber species and test methodology. Laboratory data indicate a borate retention of 0.5% mass/mass (m/m) boric acid equivalent (BAE) would cause > 90% termite mortality and restrict mass loss in test specimens to < or = 5%. Field data generally suggest that borate retentions appreciably > 0.5% m/m BAE are required. We report two field experiments with varying amounts of untreated feeder material in which Coptotermes acinaciformis (Froggatt) (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) responses to borate-treated radiata (Monterey) pine, Pinus radiata D. Don, were measured. The apparently conflicting results between laboratory and field data are explained by the presence or absence of untreated feeder material in the test environment. In the absence of untreated feeder material, wood containing 0.5% BAE provided adequate protection from Coptotermes sp., whereas in the presence of untreated feeder material, increased retentions were required. Furthermore, the retentions required increased with increased amounts of susceptible material present. Some termites, Nasutitermes sp. and Mastotermes darwiniensis Froggatt, for example, are borate-tolerant and borate timber preservatives are not a viable management option with these species. The lack of uniform standards for termite test methodology and assessment criteria for efficacy across the world is recognized as a difficulty with research into the performance of timber preservatives with termites. The many variables in laboratory and field assays make "prescriptive" standards difficult to recommend. The use of "performance" standards to define efficacy criteria ("adequate" protection) is discussed.

Formax Preserved Birds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sheridan, Philip

1978-01-01

A quick, simple method for preserving bird specimens using borax and a formalin solution is described. Procedures for injecting and mounting the specimens are given along with certain restrictions on preserving specimens. (MA)

Method of recycling lithium borate to lithium borohydride through diborane

DOEpatents

Filby, Evan E.

1976-01-01

This invention provides a method for the recycling of lithium borate to lithium borohydride which can be reacted with water to generate hydrogen for utilization as a fuel. The lithium borate by-product of the hydrogen generation reaction is reacted with hydrogen chloride and water to produce boric acid and lithium chloride. The boric acid and lithium chloride are converted to lithium borohydride through a diborane intermediate to complete the recycle scheme.

Low-energy vibrational dynamics of cesium borate glasses.

PubMed

Crupi, C; D'Angelo, G; Vasi, C

2012-06-07

Low-temperature specific heat and inelastic light scattering experiments have been performed on a series of cesium borate glasses and on a cesium borate crystal. Raman measurements on the crystalline sample have revealed the existence of cesium rattling modes in the same frequency region where glasses exhibit the boson peak (BP). These localized modes are supposed to overlap with the BP in cesium borate glasses affecting its magnitude. Their influence on the low frequency vibrational dynamics in glassy samples has been considered, and their contribution to the specific heat has been estimated. Evidence for a relation between the changes of the BP induced by the increased amount of metallic oxide and the variations of the elastic medium has been provided.

Simultaneous separation and determination of praeruptorin A, B and C by micellar electrokinetic chromatography using sodium dodecyl sulphate and sodium cholate as mixed micelles.

PubMed

Chen, Meng; Chang, Ruimiao; Xu, Liying; Huang, Yayun; Zhang, Hongfen; Chen, Anjia

2018-02-02

Praeruptorin A, B and C are major bioactive constituents in Peucedani Radix. They display anti-inflammatory effect, anti-hypertension effect, antiplatelet aggregation, potential anti-cancer activities and so on. They are worthy of investigation as potentially novel and versatile drugs. To develop a method using micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for the application in simultaneously separation and determination of praeruptorin A, B and C from Peucedani Radix and its medicinal preparations. Method optimisation was carried out by investigating influences of significant factors on the separation. The method was subjected to validation. The determination of praeruptorin A, B and C in Peucedani Radix and its drug formulations was accomplished by the developed method. The optimal separation condition was 20 mM borate buffer containing 40 mM sodium cholate (SC), 22 mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) and 25% (v/v) acetonitrile (pH 10.00); 15 kV of voltage; 25°C of temperature; detection at 224 nm. Under this condition, three analytes were baseline separated within 16 min. A good linearity was obtained with correlation coefficients from 0.9988 to 0.9995. The limits of detection (LODs) and limits of quantitation (LOQs) ranged from 0.50 to 0.80 μg/mL and from 1.50 to 2.50 μg/mL, respectively. The recoveries ranged between 95.3% and 103.4%. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the simultaneous determination of praeruptorin A, B and C in Peucedani Radix and its pharmaceutical preparations. Additionally, it could be a potential alternative to the quality control of Peucedani Radix. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Sensitive determination of phenolic acids in extra-virgin olive oil by capillary zone electrophoresis.

PubMed

Carrasco Pancorbo, Alegría; Cruces-Blanco, Carmen; Segura Carretero, Antonio; Fernández Gutiérrez, Alberto

2004-11-03

A sensitive, rapid, efficient, and reliable method for the separation and determination of phenolic acids by capillary zone electrophoresis has been carried out. A detailed method optimization was carried out to separate 14 different compounds by studying parameters such as pH, type and concentration of buffer, applied voltage, and injection time. The separation was performed within 16 min, using a 25 mM sodium borate buffer (pH 9.6) at 25 kV with 8 s of hydrodynamic injection. With this method and using a liquid-liquid extraction system, with recovery values around 95%, it has been possible to detect small quantities of phenolic acids in olive oil samples. This is apparently the first paper showing the quantification of this specific family of phenolic compounds in virgin olive oil samples.

Determination of water-soluble vitamins in multivitamin dietary supplements and in artichokes by micellar electrokinetic chromatography.

PubMed

Serni, Enrico; Audino, Valeria; Del Carlo, Sara; Manera, Clementina; Saccomanni, Giuseppe; Macchia, Marco

2013-01-01

Several procedures of extraction with solvents for the simultaneous determination of vitamin C and some vitamins belonging to the B group (thiamine, riboflavine, nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) in multivitamin preparations and in artichokes (Cynara cardunculus subsp. scolymus [L.] Hegi) were developed. Different experimental conditions were used, in terms of heat treatment, composition and pH of the extraction mixture, with particular attention to high-temperature steps; purification of the extracts with solid phase extraction and stabilisation through lyophilisation were discussed. Analyses of the extracts were conducted by capillary electrophoresis in micellar electrokinetic chromatography modality. Borate buffer at pH 8.2 was used, and sodium dodecyl sulphate was added to the background electrolyte as surfactant. A range of linearity was determined and calibration curves were plotted for all the analytes.

A novel mixed-metal borate with large [B12O18(OH)6]6- motif: Synthesis, structure and property

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wei, Li; Pan, Jie; Xue, Zhen-Zhen; Wang, Guo-Ming; Wang, Ying-Xia

2018-01-01

A new mixed-metal polyborate, Na5Li[B12O18(OH)6]·2H2O (1), has been synthesized using solvothermal method and characterized by IR spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, UV-Vis spectroscopy, powder and single-crystal X-ray diffraction, respectively. It crystallizes in the trigonal space group R-3c (No. 167) with unit cell parameters of a = b = 9.6767(6) Å, c = 36.358(5) Å, and Z = 6. Its structure features unprecedented 3D framework constructed from novel honeycomb-shaped inorganic Na-O sheets with unique 12-MR sodium rings and supramolecular polyborate 2D layers of lithium-centered [B12O18(OH)6]6-. UV-Vis spectral characterization indicates that compound 1 is a wide-band-gap semiconductor.

Structural investigation and optical properties of xMnO2-25Li2O-5Na2O-15Bi2O3-(55-x)B2O3 glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulkarni, Shilpa; Jali, V. M.

2018-02-01

This paper deals with the new mixed system of glass compositions Lithium sodium bismuth borate glasses doped with transition metal oxide. The technique used to prepare a sample is by melt quenching. The XRD profile pattern confirmed the amorphous phase of the present glass system. The network structure is based on BO3, BO4 units and BiO6 octahedral units. No boroxyl rings observed in the glass structure. The addition of MnO2 in small amount does not account for major structural changes. Optical band gap lies in the range 1.89 to 0.96 eV. Density, molar volume, oxygen packing density, Tg, direct optical band gap and refractive index show anomalous behavior.

Evaluation to the effect of B2O3-La2O3-SrO-Na2O-Al2O3 bonding agent on Ti6Al4V-porcelain bonding.

PubMed

Zhao, C Q; Wu, S Q; Lu, Y J; Gan, Y L; Guo, S; Lin, J J; Huang, T T; Lin, J X

2016-10-01

Low-fusing bonding agents have been widely applied in Ti-ceramics restorations. As an important category, borate bonding agents have great potentials in increasing Ti-porcelain bonding. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of borate bonding agent with addition of Na2O and Al2O3 on Ti6Al4V-porcelain bonding. The thermal properties of borate bonding agent, such as glass transition temperature (Tg) and crystallization peak temperature (Tp), were investigated to establish the sintering process. And the coefficient of thermal expansion (CTE) was to evaluate the matching effect of porcelain to Ti6Al4V. The bond strength was analyzed by the three point bending test. The microscopic morphology of the borate bonding agent surface after sintering, the interface of Ti-borate bonding agent-porcelain, and the fracture mode after porcelains fracture, were studied to assess the influence of borate bonding agent on Ti6Al4V-ceramics. With the addition of Na2O and Al2O3, the porcelain residues were observed increased indication on the Ti6Al4V surface after porcelain fracture and the bond strength was acquired the maximum (49.45MPa) in the bonding agent composition of 75.70B2O3-5.92La2O3-11.84SrO-4.67Na2O-1.87Al2O3. Those results suggest that borate bonding agent is an effective way to improve the Ti6Al4V-ceramics bond strength. And the addition of Na2O and Al2O3 strengthen this effect. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Mechanism of Boron Mobility in Wheat and Canola Phloem1[C][OA

PubMed Central

Stangoulis, James; Tate, Max; Graham, Robin; Bucknall, Martin; Palmer, Lachlan; Boughton, Berin; Reid, Robert

2010-01-01

Low-molecular-weight borate complexes were isolated from canola (Brassica napus) and wheat (Triticum aestivum) phloem exudates, as well as the cytoplasm of the fresh-water alga Chara corallina, and identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Phloem exudate was collected from field-grown canola inflorescence stalks by shallow incision, while wheat phloem exudate was collected by aphid stylectomy. Chara cytoplasm was collected by careful manual separation of the cell wall, vacuole, and cytosolic compartments. Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry showed the presence of isotopic borate complexes, at mass-to-charge ratio of 690.22/691.22 in the canola and wheat phloem and at 300.11/301.11 in canola phloem and Chara cytoplasm. Using reference compounds, the borate complexes with mass-to-charge ratio 690.22/691.22 was identified as a bis-sucrose (Suc) borate complex in which the 4,6-hydroxyl pairs from the two α-glucopyranoside moieties formed an [L2B]−1 complex. Further investigation using liquid chromatography electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometry analysis confirmed the presence of the bis-Suc borate complex in wheat phloem with a concentration up to 220 μm. The 300.11/301.11 complex was putatively identified as a bis-N-acetyl-serine borate complex but its concentration was below the detection limits of the liquid chromatography electrospray ionization triple quadrupole mass spectrometer so could not be quantified. The presence of borate complexes in the phloem provides a mechanistic explanation for the observed phloem boron mobility in canola and wheat and other species that transport Suc as their primary photoassimilate. PMID:20413647

Geochemical characteristics of The Emet (Espey-Hisarcik) borate deposits, Kütahya, Turkey

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Koçak, İ.; Koç, Ş.

2018-06-01

Nearly 72% world's borate reserves are in western part of Turkey. The Emet (Kütahya) deposit is one of these deposits. The Emet borate deposit, like other deposits in western Anatolia, was deposited in Miocene lacustrine environment whose formation coincides with volcanic activity started in Paleogene and lasted to the beginning of Quaternary. The borate ore displaying lenticular structure is alternated with claystone, marl, tuff and thin bedded limestone. The mineral paragenesis is composed of colemanite, hydroboracite, Veatchite, dolomite, calcite, montmorillonite and illite. The Emet borate deposit has been the subject of various geologic and mineralogical studies. In the present study major and trace element contents of 60 borate samples from this deposit are discussed. Among the trace elements, significant enrichment was found in As, Se, Sr, Cs, Sb and Li. Element correlations indicate volcanic source for boron (exhalations and hydrothermal solutions) whilst other elements are found to be derived from a terrestrial source. According to REE data, high Ce concentrations and anomalies are generally indicative of oxygenated depositional environment whilst low Ce contents facilitated the lake waters to be low oxygenated as a result of H2S-rich hydrothermal solutions. The weak negative anomaly detected only in the Hisarcık region is attributed to lacking of Eu contribution to the lake due to insufficient alteration on the continent.

Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration

PubMed Central

Pan, H. B.; Zhao, X. L.; Zhang, X.; Zhang, K. B.; Li, L. C.; Li, Z. Y.; Lam, W. M.; Lu, W. W.; Wang, D. P.; Huang, W. H.; Lin, K. L.; Chang, J.

2010-01-01

Boron plays important roles in many life processes including embryogenesis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function and psychomotor skills. Thus, the delivery of boron by the degradation of borate glass is of special interest in biomedical applications. However, the cytotoxicity of borate glass which arises with the rapid release of boron has to be carefully considered. In this study, it was found that the incorporation of strontium into borate glass can not only moderate the rapid release of boron, but also induce the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2, thus significantly increasing the cyto-compatibility of borate glass. The formation of multilayers of apatite with porous structure indicates that complete degradation is optimistic, and the spread of SaOS-2 covered by apatite to form a sandwich structure may induce bone-like tissue formation at earlier stages. Therefore, such novel strontium-incorporated borosilicate may act as a new generation of biomaterial for bone regeneration, which not only renders boron as a nutritious element for bone health, but also delivers strontium to stimulate formation of new bones. PMID:20031984

Synthesis and characterization of cerium- and gallium-containing borate bioactive glass scaffolds for bone tissue engineering.

PubMed

Deliormanlı, Aylin M

2015-02-01

Bioactive glasses are widely used in biomedical applications due to their ability to bond to bone and even to soft tissues. In this study, borate based (13-93B3) bioactive glass powders containing up to 5 wt% Ce2O3 and Ga2O3 were prepared by the melt quench technique. Cerium (Ce+3) and gallium (Ga+3) were chosen because of their low toxicity associated with bacteriostatic properties. Bioactive glass scaffolds were fabricated using the polymer foam replication method. In vitro degradation and bioactivity of the scaffolds were evaluated in SBF under static conditions. Results revealed that the cerium- and gallium-containing borate glasses have much lower degradation rates compared to the bare borate glass 13-93B3. In spite of the increased chemical durability, substituted glasses exhibited a good in vitro bioactive response except when the Ce2O3 content was 5 wt%. Taking into account the high in vitro hydroxyapatite forming ability, borate glass scaffolds containing Ce+3 and Ga+3 therapeutic ions are promising candidates for bone tissue engineering applications.

Thermoluminescence response of rare earth activated zinc lithium borate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Saidu, A.; Wagiran, H.; Saeed, M. A.; Obayes, H. K.; Bala, A.; Usman, F.

2018-03-01

New glasses of zinc lithium borate doped with terbium oxide were synthesized by high temperature solid-state reaction. The amorphous nature of the glasses was confirmed using x-ray diffraction analysis (XRD). Thermoluminescence (TL) response of pure zinc lithium borate (ZLB) and zinc lithium borate doped with terbium (ZLB: Tb) exposed to gamma radiation was measured and compared. There is significant enhancement in the TL yields of ZLB: Tb compared to that of pure ZLB. Effect of varying concentration of dopant (Tb4O7) on the TL response of zinc lithium borate was investigated. 0.3 mol% concentration of Tb exhibited strongest TL intensity. Thermoluminescence curve of the phosphor consist of single isolated peak. The TL response of the new materials to the exposed radiation is linear within 0.5-100 Gy range of dose with sublinearity at the lower region of the curve. High sensitivity was exhibited by the new amorphous materials. Reproducibility, thermal fading and energy response of the proposed TLD were investigated and shows remarkable result that made the phosphor suitable for radiation dosimetry.

Strontium borate glass: potential biomaterial for bone regeneration.

PubMed

Pan, H B; Zhao, X L; Zhang, X; Zhang, K B; Li, L C; Li, Z Y; Lam, W M; Lu, W W; Wang, D P; Huang, W H; Lin, K L; Chang, J

2010-07-06

Boron plays important roles in many life processes including embryogenesis, bone growth and maintenance, immune function and psychomotor skills. Thus, the delivery of boron by the degradation of borate glass is of special interest in biomedical applications. However, the cytotoxicity of borate glass which arises with the rapid release of boron has to be carefully considered. In this study, it was found that the incorporation of strontium into borate glass can not only moderate the rapid release of boron, but also induce the adhesion of osteoblast-like cells, SaOS-2, thus significantly increasing the cyto-compatibility of borate glass. The formation of multilayers of apatite with porous structure indicates that complete degradation is optimistic, and the spread of SaOS-2 covered by apatite to form a sandwich structure may induce bone-like tissue formation at earlier stages. Therefore, such novel strontium-incorporated borosilicate may act as a new generation of biomaterial for bone regeneration, which not only renders boron as a nutritious element for bone health, but also delivers strontium to stimulate formation of new bones.

Secondary relaxations in supercooled and glassy sucrose-borate aqueous solutions.

PubMed

Longinotti, M Paula; Corti, Horacio R; Pablo, Juan J de

2008-10-13

The dielectric relaxation spectra of concentrated aqueous solutions of sucrose-borate mixtures have been measured in the supercooled and glassy regions in the frequency range of 40Hz to 2MHz. The secondary (beta) relaxation process was analyzed in the temperature range 183-233K at water contents between 20 and 30wt%. The relaxation times were obtained, and the activation energy of that process was calculated. In order to assess the effect of borate on the relaxation of disaccharide-water mixtures, we also studied the dielectric behavior of sucrose aqueous solutions in the same range of temperatures and water contents. Our findings support the view that, beyond a water content of approximately 20wt%, the secondary relaxation of water-sucrose and water-sucrose-borate mixtures adopts a universal character that can be explained in terms of a simple exponential function of the temperature scaled by the glass transition temperature (T(g)). The behavior observed for water-sucrose and water-sucrose-borate mixtures is compared with previous results obtained in other water-carbohydrate systems.

The molecular structure of the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28 - A vibrational spectroscopic study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frost, Ray L.; López, Andrés; Xi, Yunfei; Scholz, Ricardo; Souza, Larissa; Lana, Cristiano

2014-07-01

We have studied the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28 using a combination of DEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques. The mineral occurs as colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the triclinic crystal system. The studied sample is from the Antandrokomby Mine, Sahatany valley, Madagascar. The mineral is prized as a semi-precious jewel. Semi-quantitative chemical composition shows a Al, Ca, borate with minor amounts of K, Mg and Cs. The mineral has a characteristic borate Raman spectrum and bands are assigned to the stretching and bending modes of B, Be and Al. No Raman bands in the OH stretching region were observed.

Structural and Luminescent property of Holmium doped Borate Glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usharani, V. L.; Eraiah, B.

2018-02-01

Holmium doped Lithium Lead Borate glasses of different compositions were prepared by melt quenching technique. Fourier transform infrared investigations on lithium lead borate glasses have been made to study the local order and vibrations of atoms in the glass network and it contains mainly BO3 and BO4 structural units. Photoluminescence techniques were employed to investigate the luminescent property of these glasses excited at 451nm. Blue emission have been observed from the transition 495 (5F3 → 5I8).

Mineral resource of the month: boron

USGS Publications Warehouse

Crangle, Robert D.

2012-01-01

The article offers information on the mineral, boron. Boron compounds, particularly borates, have more commercial applications than its elemental relative which is a metalloid. Making up the 90% of the borates that are used worldwide are colemanite, kernite, tincal, and ulexite. The main borate deposits are located in the Mojave Desert of the U.S., the Tethyan belt in southern Asia, and the Andean belt of South America. Underground and surface mining are being used in gathering boron compounds. INSETS: Fun facts;Boron production and consumption.

Thermal property of holmium doped lithium lead borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Usharani, V. L.; Eraiah, B.

2018-04-01

The new glass system of holmium doped lithium lead borate glasses were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The thermal stability of the different compositions of Ho3+ ions doped lithium lead borate glasses were studied by using TG-DTA. The Tg values are ranging from 439 to 444 °C with respect to the holmium concentration. Physical parameters like polaron radius(rp), inter-nuclear distance (ri), field strength (F) and polarizability (αm) of oxide ions were calculated using appropriate formulae.

High-pressure synthesis and characterization of the first cerium fluoride borate CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hinteregger, Ernst; Wurst, Klaus; Tribus, Martina

2013-08-15

CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F is the first cerium fluoride borate, which is exclusively built up of one-dimensional, infinite chains of condensed trigonal-planar [BO{sub 3}]{sup 3−} groups. This new cerium fluoride borate was synthesized under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 0.9 GPa and 1450 °C in a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. The compound crystallizes in the orthorhombic space group Pbca (No. 61) with eight formula units and the lattice parameters a=821.63(5), b=1257.50(9), c=726.71(6) pm, V=750.84(9) Å{sup 3}, R{sub 1}=0.0698, and wR{sub 2}=0.0682 (all data). The structure exhibits a 9+1 coordinated cerium ion, one three-fold coordinated fluoride ion and a one-dimensional chain of [BO{sub 3}]{sup 3−}more » groups. Furthermore, IR spectroscopy, Electron Micro Probe Analysis and temperature-dependent X-ray powder diffraction measurements were performed. - Graphical abstract: A new rare-earth fluoride borate CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F could be synthesized under high-pressure/high-temperature conditions of 0.9 °GPa and 1450 °Cin a Walker-type multianvil apparatus. The crystal structure represents a new structure type in the class of rare-earth fluoride borates. The structure exhibits a 9+1 coordinated cerium ion, one three-fold coordinated fluoride ion and a one-dimensional chain of [BO{sub 3}]{sup 3−} groups. A closer view on the ac-plane shows an interesting wave-like modulation of the borate chains. Highlights: • CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F is the first fluoride borate exclusively built up of one-dimensional, infinite chains of condensed trigonal-planar [BO{sub 3}]{sup 3−} groups. • CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F is the first cerium fluoride borate. • High-pressure conditions were necessary to synthesize CeB{sub 2}O{sub 4}F.« less

Micellar electrokinetic chromatography method for the determination of several natural red dyestuff and lake pigments used in art work.

PubMed

Maguregui, M I; Alonso, R M; Barandiaran, M; Jimenez, R M; García, N

2007-06-22

The identification of organic colorants used in artistic paintings is an important information source for reconstructing the working techniques found in a particular work and for defining a programme for the restoration and conservation of the painting. In this work, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used as a surfactant in micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) for separating a broad range of red organic pigments, based on their colouring matters: madder (colouring matters: alizarin, quinizarin and purpurin), cochineal (colouring matter: carminic acid), red sandalwood (colouring matter: santalin), brazilwood (colouring matter: brazilin), lac dye (colouring matter: laccaic acid) and dragon's blood (colouring matter: dracorhodin). The running electrolyte used was 20 mM borax (pH 9), containing 20 mM SDS and 10% acetonitrile as organic modifier. Separation was carried out by applying a +20 kV voltage at the injection end, 25 degrees C and 214 nm/254 nm as detection wavelengths. All colorants were separated within less than 13 min with a good baseline resolution. The method was applied to the analysis of paint samples obtained from the Diocesan Museum of Holy Art of Bilbao.

Reaction of fluorogenic reagents with proteins

PubMed Central

Swearingen, Kristian E.; Dickerson, Jane A.; Turner, Emily H.; Ramsay, Lauren M.; Wojcik, Roza; Dovichi, Norman J.

2009-01-01

The fluorogenic reagent Chromeo P465 is considered for analysis of proteins by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection. The reagent was first used to label α-lactalbumin; the product was analyzed by capillary zone electrophoresis in a sub-micellar sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) buffer. The product generated a set of equally spaced but poorly resolved peaks that formed a broad envelope with a net mobility of 4 × 10−4 cm2 V−1 s−1. The components of the envelope were presumably protein that had reacted with different numbers of labels. The mobility of these components decreased by roughly 1 % with the addition of each label. The signal increased linearly from 1.0 nM to 100 nM α-lactalbumin (r2 = 0.99), with a 3σ detection limit of 70 pM. We then considered the separation of a mixture of ovalbumin, α-chymotrypsinogen A, and αlactalbumin labeled with Chromeo P465; unfortunately, baseline resolution was not achieved with a borax/SDS buffer. Better resolution was achieved with N-cyclohexyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid/Tris/SDS/dextran capillary sieving electrophoresis; however, dye interactions with this buffer system produced a less than ideal blank. PMID:18479693

Corrosion Protection of Phenolic-Epoxy/Tetraglycidyl Metaxylediamine Composite Coatings in a Temperature-Controlled Borax Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xu, Wenhua; Wang, Zhenyu; Han, En-Hou; Liu, Chunbo

2017-12-01

The failure behavior for two kinds of phenolic-epoxy/tetraglycidyl metaxylediamine composite coatings in 60 °C borax aqueous solution was evaluated using electrochemical methods (EIS) combined with scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscope, water immersion test, and Raman spectrum. The main focus was on the effect of curing agent on the corrosion protection of coatings. Results revealed that the coating cured by phenolic modified aromatic amine possessed more compact cross-linked structure, better wet adhesion, lower water absorption (0.064 mg h-1 cm-2) and its impedance values was closed to 108 Ω cm2 after immersion for 576 h, while the coating cured by modified aromatic ring aliphatic amine was lower than 105 Ω cm2. The corrosion mechanism of the two coatings is discussed.

Experimenting with cameraless photography using turmeric and borax: an introduction to photophysics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Appleyard, S. J.

2012-07-01

An alcoholic extract of the spice turmeric can be used to create a light-sensitive dye that can be used to stain paper. On exposure to sunlight, the dyed paper can be used to capture photographic images of flat objects or reproduce existing images through the preferential degradation of the dye in light-exposed areas over a time period of a few hours. The images can be developed and preserved by spraying the exposed paper with a dilute solution of borax, which forms coloured organo-boron complexes that limit further degradation of the dye and enhance the colour of the image. Similar photochemical reactions that lead to the degradation of the turmeric dye can also be used for reducing the organic pollution load in wastewater produced by many industrial processes and in dye-sensitized solar cells for producing electricity.

Precipitation method for barium metaborate (BaB{sub 2}O{sub 4}) synthesis from borax solution

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akşener, Eymen; Figen, Aysel Kantürk; Pişkin, Sabriye

2013-12-16

In this study, barium metaborate (BaB{sub 2}O{sub 4}, BMB) synthesis from the borax solution was carried out. BMB currently is used in production of ceramic glazes, luminophors, oxide cathodes as well as additives to pigments for aqueous emulsion paints and also β−BaB{sub 2}O{sub 4} single crystals are the best candidate for fabrication of solid-state UV lasers operating at a wavelength of 200 nm due to excellent nonlinear optical properties. In the present study, synthesis was carried out from the borax solution (Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7⋅}10H{sub 2}O, BDH) and barium chloride (BaCI{sub 2⋅}2H{sub 2}O, Ba) in the glass-batch reactor with stirring.more » The effect of, times (5-15 min), molar ratio [stoich.ration (1.0:2.0), 1.25:2.0, 1.5:2.0, 2.5:2:0, 3.0:2.0, 3.5:2.0,4.0:2.0, 5.0:2.0] and also crystallization time (2-6 hour) on the BMB yield (%) was investigated at 80 °C reaction temperature. It is found that, BMB precipitation synthesis with 90 % yield can be performed from 0.50 molar ration (BDH:Ba), under 80 °C, 15 minute, and 6 hours crystallization time. The structural properties of BMB powders were characterized by using XRD, FT-IR and DTA-TG instrumental analysis technique.« less

Green colorants based on energetic azole borates.

PubMed

Glück, Johann; Klapötke, Thomas M; Rusan, Magdalena; Stierstorfer, Jörg

2014-11-24

The investigation of green-burning boron-based compounds as colorants in pyrotechnic formulations as alternative for barium nitrate, which is a hazard to health and to the environment, is reported. Metal-free and nitrogen-rich dihydrobis(5-aminotetrazolyl)borate salts and dihydrobis(1,3,4-triazolyl)borate salts have been synthesized and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, elemental analysis, mass spectrometry, and vibrational spectroscopy. Their thermal and energetic properties have been determined as well. Several pyrotechnic compositions using selected azolyl borate salts as green colorants were investigated. Formulations with ammonium dinitramide and ammonium nitrate as oxidizers and boron and magnesium as fuels were tested. The burn time, dominant wavelength, spectral purity, luminous intensity, and luminous efficiency as well as the thermal and energetic properties of these compositions were measured. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

The molecular structure of the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28--a vibrational spectroscopic study.

PubMed

Frost, Ray L; López, Andrés; Xi, Yunfei; Scholz, Ricardo; Souza, Larissa; Lana, Cristiano

2014-07-15

We have studied the borate mineral rhodizite (K, Cs)Al4Be4(B, Be)12O28 using a combination of DEM with EDX and vibrational spectroscopic techniques. The mineral occurs as colorless, gray, yellow to white crystals in the triclinic crystal system. The studied sample is from the Antandrokomby Mine, Sahatany valley, Madagascar. The mineral is prized as a semi-precious jewel. Semi-quantitative chemical composition shows a Al, Ca, borate with minor amounts of K, Mg and Cs. The mineral has a characteristic borate Raman spectrum and bands are assigned to the stretching and bending modes of B, Be and Al. No Raman bands in the OH stretching region were observed. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Thermally reversible gels in electrophoresis. I - Matrix characterization

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Righetti, Pier Giorgio; Snyder, Robert S.

1988-01-01

Two series of thermally reversible hydrogen-bonded gels have been characterized: (5 pct) PVA-(4 pct) PEG and (5 pct) PVA-(0.04 pct) borate gels. They both have extremely low melting points (16-17 C) and could be of potential interest for recovery of proteins after preparative electrophoresis. The PVA-borate gels can be exploited in the pH range 7-11 by progressively increasing the borate content in the pH interval 8 to 7 and concomitantly decreasing the borate levels in the pH zone 8 to 11. It is hypothesized that the low melting point of these gels is due to the fact that they are sparingly and sparsely hydrogen bonded along the PVA chain: on the average, 1 OH group out of 3 or 4 OH groups in the PVA polymer should be engaged in H-bond formation.

Reproductive toxicity parameters and biological monitoring in occupationally and environmentally boron-exposed persons in Bandirma, Turkey.

PubMed

Duydu, Yalçın; Başaran, Nurşen; Üstündağ, Aylin; Aydin, Sevtap; Ündeğer, Ülkü; Ataman, Osman Yavuz; Aydos, Kaan; Düker, Yalçın; Ickstadt, Katja; Waltrup, Britta Schulze; Golka, Klaus; Bolt, Hermann M

2011-06-01

Boric acid and sodium borates have been considered as being "toxic to reproduction and development", following results of animal studies with high doses. Experimentally, a NOAEL (no observed adverse effect level) of 17.5 mg B/kg-bw/day has been identified for the (male) reproductive effects of boron in a multigeneration study of rats, and a NOAEL for the developmental effects in rats was identified at 9.6 mg B/kg-bw/day. These values are being taken as the basis of current EU safety assessments. The present study was conducted to investigate the reproductive effects of boron exposure in workers employed in boric acid production plant in Bandirma, Turkey. In order to characterize the external and internal boron exposures, boron was determined in biological samples (blood, urine, semen), in workplace air, in food, and in water sources. Unfavorable effects of boron exposure on the reproductive toxicity indicators (concentration, motility, morphology of the sperm cells and blood levels of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone) were not observed. The mean calculated daily boron exposure (DBE) of the highly exposed group was 14.45 ± 6.57 (3.32-35.62) mg/day. These human exposures represent worst-case exposure conditions to boric acid/borates in Turkey. These exposure levels are considerably lower than exposures, which have previously led to reproductive effects in experimental animals. In conclusion, this means that dose levels of boron associated with developmental and reproductive toxic effects in animals are by far not reachable for humans under conditions of normal handling and use.

Publications - GMC 377 | Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Science.gov Websites

Quadrangle, Alaska: 1977-1980 Drill holes (Drill Logs and Assay Records) Authors: U.S. Borax Publication Date : 1977-1980 Drill holes (Drill Logs and Assay Records): Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical

Effect of the adsorption of lithium and borate species on the zeta potential of particles of cobalt ferrite, nickel ferrite, and magnetite.

PubMed

Barale, M; Lefèvre, G; Carrette, F; Catalette, H; Fédoroff, M; Cote, G

2008-12-01

Zetametric measurements on suspensions of oxide particles (cobalt ferrite, nickel ferrite, and magnetite) representative of corrosion products from primary circuits of pressurized water reactors were performed at 25 and 70 degrees C in the presence of lithium and borate species. No effect of lithium ions was observed. Borate species cause a decrease of the isoelectric point (IEP), attributed to the sorption of borate as a negative complex MOB(OH)3(-). A predictive model based on thermodynamic calculations (2-pK and diffuse layer models) of the surface acidity constants from the data of acid-base titrations combined with an empirical relationship between the surface potential Psi 0 and the zeta potential determined by zetametry was developed. A whole set of parameters valid at 25 degrees C, in a range of ionic strength between 10(-4) and 10(-2) molL(-1) and in a range of pH between 4 and 8, was determined for this model. Increase of temperature to 70 degrees C in the presence of borate results in a decrease of IEP for cobalt ferrite and an increase of the IEP for nickel ferrite.

Optical and physical properties of samarium doped lithium diborate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hanumantharaju, N.; Sardarpasha, K. R.; Gowda, V. C. Veeranna

2018-05-01

Sm3+ doped lithium di-borate glasses with composition 30Li2O-60B2O3-(10-x) PbO, (where 0 < x < 2 mole. %) were prepared by melt quenching method. The addition of modifier oxide to vitreous B2O3 modifies the glass network by converting three coordinated trigonal boron units (BO3) to weaker anionic four coordinated tetrahedral borons (BO4). The decrease in density and increase in molar volume with samarium ion content indicates the openness of the glass structure. The gradual increase in average separation of boron-boron atoms with VmB clearly indicates deterioration of borate glass network, which in turn leads to decrease in the oxygen packing density. The replacements of Sm2O3 for PbO depolymerise the chain structure and that would increase the concentration of non-bridging oxygens. The marginal increase of optical band gap energy after 1.0 mol.% of Sm2O3 is explained by considering the structural modification in lead-borate. The influence of Sm3+ ion on physical and optical properties in lithium-lead-borate glasses is investigated and the results were discussed in view of the structure of borate glass network.

Zirconocene mediated acetylboron chemistry.

PubMed

Jian, Zhongbao; Daniliuc, Constantin G; Kehr, Gerald; Erker, Gerhard

2018-05-31

The methyl zirconocene complex Cp*2Zr(Me)OMes reacts with H3C-B(C6F5)2 and CO to give the respective acetyl(methyl)borate Zr complex. Cp*2Zr(H)OMes reacts with H3C-B(C6F5)2 and CO to give the respective acetyl(hydrido)borate Zr product, admixed with a minor amount of the formyl(methyl)borate Zr complex isomer. Prolonged exposure to CO under close to ambient conditions results in the uptake of another CO equivalent to yield the corresponding borata-β-lactone zirconocene product.

The effects of borate minerals on the synthesis of nucleic acid bases, amino acids and biogenic carboxylic acids from formamide.

PubMed

Saladino, Raffaele; Barontini, Maurizio; Cossetti, Cristina; Di Mauro, Ernesto; Crestini, Claudia

2011-08-01

The thermal condensation of formamide in the presence of mineral borates is reported. The products afforded are precursors of nucleic acids, amino acids derivatives and carboxylic acids. The efficiency and the selectivity of the reaction was studied in relation to the elemental composition of the 18 minerals analyzed. The possibility of synthesizing at the same time building blocks of both genetic and metabolic apparatuses, along with the production of amino acids, highlights the interest of the formamide/borate system in prebiotic chemistry.

Chemical composition and mineralogy of borate from Rio Grande deposit, Uyuni (Bolivia) as raw materials for industrial applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guillen Vargas, Julio; Arancibia, Jony Roger Hans; Alfonso, Pura; Garcia-Valles, Maite; Parcerisa, David; Martinez, Salvador

2014-05-01

Bolivia has large tailings as a result of the historic and present-day Sn mining activity developed extensively in that country. Tailings produced in these mining activities have an appropriate composition to reprocess them and make silicate glass and glass-ceramics, obtaining the valorization of wastes and reducing the visual and chemical impact. Reprocessing the wastes to make glass and glass-ceramics prevents the leaching of heavy metals from those wastes because they are retained in the structure of the glass. Furthermore, an option to increase the economic value of these glasses is the introduction of boron and other additives to produce borosilicate glass. In this study a characterization of the Rio Grande borate deposit for its use in the manufacture of borosilicate glass is presented. Mineralogy was determined by X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopy (FTIR); textures were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and chemical composition was determined by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The Rio Grande borate deposit is located in an area of about 50 km2 close to the south of the Salar of Uyuni, in the Río Grande de Lípez Delta. Borates occur in the contact between fluvio-deltaic and lacustrine sediments from water raising the surface by capillarity. The borates crop out in an extent area but towards the west they are covered by fluvio-deltaic sediments, which can be up to 2 m thick. These borates occur as lenses 50-100 m in diameter and layers up to 1 m thick. They usually form brittle nodules with a cotton-ball texture. Chemical composition of the Rio Grande borates is CaO, 11.82-13.83 wt%; Na2O, 13.50-19.35 wt%; K2O, 0.05- 1.04 wt%; MgO, 0.42-1.46 wt%; B2O3, 36.21-42.60 wt%; SiO2, up to 0.53 wt% and SO2, up to 0.60 wt%. Trace elements are low: Sr content is between 151-786 ppm, Al 12-676 ppm, Mn between 1-17 ppm, As 2-10 ppm and Fe between 9-376 ppm. The most abundant borate mineral in this deposit is ulexite (NaCaB5.5H20), halite can reach up to 17 wt% and gypsum up to 1.2 wt.%. Calcite occurs in minor contents. Ulexite exhibits a fibrous morphology with fibers oriented parallel each other. Purity of borates from the Rio Grande deposits makes them suitable for the most restrictive applications. Chemistry of these borates is in accordance with the necessary composition for obtaining borosilicate glasses. Acknowledgements: This work was partly financed by the project AECID: A3/042750/11, and the SGR 2009SGR-00444.

Supramolecular assembly of borate with quaternary ammonium: Crystal structure and tunable luminescent properties

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liang, Jie; Wang, Yong-gang; Wang, Ying-xia, E-mail: wangyx@pku.edu.cn

2013-04-15

A new borate [C{sub 6}H{sub 16}N][B{sub 5}O{sub 6}(OH){sub 4}] (1) is synthesized hydrothermally by the reaction of isopropyltrimethylammonium hydroxide with boric acid. It crystallizes in the triclinic space group P-1 with the parameters a=9.1578(10) Å, b=9.372(9) Å, c=9.9812(10) Å, α=66.508(2)°, β=74.751(2)°, γ=81.893(2)°. The [B{sub 5}O{sub 6}(OH){sub 4}]{sup −} anions are interlinked via hydrogen bonding forming a 3D supramolecular network containing large cavities, where reside the (CH{sub 3}){sub 3}(i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}) N{sup +} cations. This borate shows tunable luminescent properties with temperature, heating-treatment, exciting-light, and solvents. The fluorescent intensity of 1 enhances 6-fold with decreasing the temperature from 25 K tomore » 78 K. By treatment under different temperatures, the luminescence of 1 shifted from blue to white and the sample treated at 230 °C emits bright white light to naked eyes. The hybrid borate can disperse in different solvents, and shows a red-shifted and intense emission in polar solvents. - Graphical abstract: The new quaternary ammonium borate [C{sub 6}H{sub 17}N][B{sub 5}O{sub 6}(OH){sub 4}] contains a 3D supramolecular network formed by hydrogen bond linked [B{sub 5}O{sub 6}(OH){sub 4}]{sup −} anions and shows tunable luminescent properties with temperature, excitation light, and solvents. Highlights: ► A novel quaternary ammonium borate was synthesized. ► It possesses a supramolecular network fomed by H-bonded [B{sub 5}O{sub 6}(OH){sub 4}]{sup −} anions. ► This borate shows tunable luminescent properties with temperature, heating treatment, excitation light, and solvents.« less

Impact of vanadium ions in barium borate glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abdelghany, A. M.; Hammad, Ahmed H.

2015-02-01

Combined optical and infrared spectral measurements of prepared barium borate glasses containing different concentrations of V2O5 were carried out. Vanadium containing glasses exhibit extended UV-visible (UV/Vis.) bands when compared with base binary borate glass. UV/Vis. spectrum shows the presence of an unsymmetrical strong UV broad band centered at 214 nm attributed to the presence of unavoidable trace iron impurities within the raw materials used for the preparation of such glass. The calculated direct and indirect optical band gaps are found to decrease with increasing the vanadium content (2.9:137 for indirect and 3.99:2.01 for direct transition). This change was discussed in terms of structural changes in the glass network. Infrared absorption spectra of the glasses reveal the appearance of both triangular and tetrahedral borate units. Electron spin resonance analyses indicate the presence of unpaired species in sufficient quantity to be identified and to confirm the spectral data.

Tetraarylborate polymer networks as single-ion conducting solid electrolytes

DOE PAGES

Van Humbeck, Jeffrey F.; Aubrey, Michael L.; Alsbaiee, Alaaeddin; ...

2015-06-23

A new family of solid polymer electrolytes based upon anionic tetrakis(phenyl)borate tetrahedral nodes and linear bis-alkyne linkers is reported. Sonogashira polymerizations using tetrakis(4-iodophenyl)borate, tetrakis(4-iodo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate and tetrakis(4-bromo-2,3,5,6-tetrafluorophenyl)borate delivered highly cross-linked polymer networks with both 1,4-diethynylbeznene and a tri(ethylene glycol) substituted derivative. Promising initial conductivity metrics have been observed, including high room temperature conductivities (up to 2.7 × 10 -4 S cm -1), moderate activation energies (0.25–0.28 eV), and high lithium ion transport numbers (up to t Li+ = 0.93). Initial investigations into the effects of important materials parameters such as bulk morphology, porosity, fluorination, and other chemical modification, provide starting designmore » parameters for further development of this new class of solid electrolytes.« less

Effect of Borates and Silicates on Wearing Properties of Mao Coatings

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yu; Zhao, Yan-Wei; Xiang, Nan; Song, Ren-Guo

In the present study, microarc oxidation (MAO) coatings were formed on ZL101A aluminum alloy in an electrolytic bath containing 3g/L KOH + 2g/L Na2WO4+ 4g/L KF. The morphology and wearing behavior were investigated. In both electrolytes, the additives were borates (Na2B4O718g/L) and silicates (Na2SiO3 18g/L), respectively. It was found that the coating formed in borates-containing electrolyte was of compact and smooth structure than that of the one formed in silicates-containing electrolyte at the optimum treatment time. It was found that all the coatings were composed of á-Al2O3 and ã-Al2O3. The microhardness and wear tests proved that the coating formed in borates-containing electrolyte was having better mechanical properties than those of the coating formed in silicates-containing electrolyte.

Physical and optical property studies on Bi3+ ion containing vanadium sodium borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Venkatesh, G.; Meera, B. N.; Eraiah, B.

2018-04-01

xBi2O3-(15-x)V2O5-45B2O3-40Na2O glasses have been prepared using melt quenching technique. Amorphous nature of the glasses is verified using powder XRD. Densities and molar volume have been determined as a function of bismuth content and interestingly both increases as a function of bismuth content. Further oxygen packing density (OPD) is found to decrease with bismuth content. The increase in the molar volume as a function of bismuth content may be due to structural changes in the glass network. The optical properties performed from the optical absorption spectra were recorded in the wavelength range 200-1100 nm using UV-Visible spectrophotometer. The theoretical optical basicity of the oxides have also been estimated. The calculated energy band gap values increases with increase in Bi2O3 content.

Analysis of different beta-lactams antibiotics in pharmaceutical preparations using micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.

PubMed

Pérez, M I Bailón; Rodríguez, L Cuadros; Cruces-Blanco, C

2007-01-17

The potential of micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) for analyzing nine beta-lactams antibiotics (cloxacillin, dicloxacillin, oxacillin, penicillin G, penicillin V, ampicillin, nafcillin, piperacillin, amoxicillin) in different pharmaceutical preparations, have been demonstrated. An experimental design strategy has been applied to optimize the main variables: pH and buffer concentration, concentration of the micellar medium, separation voltage and capillary temperature. Borate buffer (26mM) at pH 8.5 containing 100mM sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) was used as the background electrolyte. The method was validated. Linearity, limit of detection and quantitation and precision were established for each compound. The analysis of some of the beta-lactams in Orbenin capsules, Britapen tables and in Veterin-Micipen injectable, all used in human and veterinary medicine, have demonstrated the applicability of these technique for quality control in the pharmaceutical industry.

[The role of heavy metals and their derivatives in the selection of antibiotics resistant gram-negative rods (author's transl)].

PubMed

Joly, B; Cluzel, R

1975-01-01

The authors have studied 116 Gram-negative strains, 27 of which were sensitive to antibiotics and 89 showed multiple resistance. The MIC of mercury chloride, mercuric nitrate and of an aqueous solution of mercuresceine were much higher in the case of the sensitive strains. The transfer of resistance to mercury, which has been achieved in 56% of cases, was always accompanied by transfer of resistance to the antibiotics. The MIC of phenylmercury borate, mercurothiolic acid and other heavy metals (such as: cobaltous nitrate, silver nitrate, cadmium nitrate, nickel nitrate, zinc nitrate, copper sulphate and sodium arsenate) are approximatively the same for all strains. The normal concentrations of mercury in nature are lower than the rate of microbial selection. But in areas of accumulation, particularly in biological chains or in hospitals, the mercury compounds could play a part in the selection of antibiotic resistant Gram-negative bacteria.

Capillary electrophoresis method for the analysis of organic acids and amino acids in the presence of strongly alternating concentrations of aqueous lactic acid.

PubMed

Laube, Hendrik; Boden, Jana; Schneider, Roland

2017-07-01

During the production of bio-based bulk chemicals, such as lactic acid (LA), organic impurities have to be removed to produce a ready-to-market product. A capillary electrophoresis method for the simultaneous detection of LA and organic impurities in less than 10 min was developed. LA and organic impurities were detected using a direct UV detection method with micellar background electrolyte, which consisted of borate and sodium dodecyl sulfate. We investigated the effects of electrolyte composition and temperature on the speed, sensitivity, and robustness of the separation. A few validation parameters, such as linearity, limit of detection, and internal and external standards, were evaluated under optimized conditions. The method was applied for the detection of LA and organic impurities, including tyrosine, phenylalanine, and pyroglutamic acid, in samples from a continuous LA fermentation process from post-extraction tapioca starch and yeast extract.

Gels and gel-derived glasses in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system. [containerless melting in space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mukherjee, S. P.

1982-01-01

The containerless melting of high-purity multicomponent homogeneous gels and gel-monoliths offers a unique approach to making ultrapure multicomponent optical glasses in the reduced gravity environment of space. Procedures for preparing and characterizing gels and gel-derived glasses in the Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 system are described. Preparation is based on the polymerization reactions of alkoxysilane with trimethyl borate or boric acid and a suitable sodium compound. The chemistry of the gelling process is discussed in terms of process parameters and the gel compositions. The physicochemical nature of gels prepared by three different procedures were found to be significantly different. IR absorption spectra indicate finite differences in the molecular structures of the different gels. The melting of the gel powders and the transformation of porous gel-monoliths to transparent 'glass' without melting are described.

Gels and gel-derived glasses in the system Na2O-B2O3-SiO2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mukherjee, S. P.

1983-01-01

The containerless melting of high-purity multicomponent homogeneous gels and gel monoliths offers a unique approach to making ultrapure multicomponent optical glasses in the reduced gravity environment of space. Procedures for preparing and characterizing gels and gel-derived glasses in the system Na2O-B2O3-SiO2 are described. Preparation is based on the polymerization reactions of alkoxysilane with trimethyl borate or boric acid and a suitable sodium compound. The chemistry of the gelling process is discussed in terms of process parameters and the gel compositions. The physicochemical nature of gels prepared by three different procedures was found to be significantly different. Infrared absorption spectra indicate finite differences in the molecular structures of the different gels. The melting of the gel powders and the transformation of porous gel monoliths to transparent 'glass' without melting are described.

[Methods quantitative for determination of water-soluble vitamins in premixes and fortified food products by micellar electrokinetic chromatography on short end of the capillary].

PubMed

Bogachuk, M N; Bessonov, V V; Perederiaev, O I

2011-01-01

It was purposed new technique by micellar electrokinetic chromatography on short end of the capillary (capillary electrophoresis system Agilent 3D CE, DAD, quartz capillary HPCE stndrd cap 56 cm, 50 microm, 50 mM borate buffer pH=9,3, 100 mM sodium dodecil sulfate) for simultaneous determination of water-soluble vitamins (B1, B2, B6, B12, PP, B5, B9, C, B8) in fortified food products and premixes. It was observed on 6 samples of vitamin premixes and 28 samples of fortified food products using this technique. Our findings are consistent with the results of research on certain vitamins, conducted by other methods. The developed technique can be used in analysis of water-soluble vitamins in premixes and fortified food products.

Fast separation of enantiomers by capillary electrophoresis using a combination of two capillaries with different internal diameters.

PubMed

Šebestová, Andrea; Petr, Jan

2017-12-01

The combination of capillaries with different internal diameters was used to accelerate the separation of enantiomers in capillary electrophoresis. Separation of R,S-1,1'-binaphthalene-2,2'-diyl hydrogen phosphate using isopropyl derivative of cyclofructan 6 was studied as a model system. The best separation conditions included 500 mM sodium borate pH 9.5 with 60 mM concentration of the chiral selector. Separation lasted approx. 1.5 min using the combination of 50 and 100 μm id capillaries of 9.7 cm and 22.9 cm, respectively. It allowed approx. 12-fold acceleration in comparison to the traditional long-end separation mainly due to the higher electroosmotic flow generated in the connected capillaries. © 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Approach to magnetic neutron capture therapy

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kuznetsov, Anatoly A.; Podoynitsyn, Sergey N.; Filippov, Victor I.

2005-11-01

Purpose: The method of magnetic neutron capture therapy can be described as a combination of two methods: magnetic localization of drugs using magnetically targeted carriers and neutron capture therapy itself. Methods and Materials: In this work, we produced and tested two types of particles for such therapy. Composite ultradispersed ferro-carbon (Fe-C) and iron-boron (Fe-B) particles were formed from vapors of respective materials. Results: Two-component ultradispersed particles, containing Fe and C, were tested as magnetic adsorbent of L-boronophenylalanine and borax and were shown that borax sorption could be effective for creation of high concentration of boron atoms in the area ofmore » tumor. Kinetics of boron release into the physiologic solution demonstrate that ultradispersed Fe-B (10%) could be applied for an effective magnetic neutron capture therapy. Conclusion: Both types of the particles have high magnetization and magnetic homogeneity, allow to form stable magnetic suspensions, and have low toxicity.« less

Magnesium and zinc borate enhance osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth in vitro.

PubMed

Liu, Yao-Jen; Su, Wen-Ta; Chen, Po-Hung

2018-01-01

Various biocompatible and biodegradable scaffolds blended with biochemical signal molecules with adequate osteoinductive and osteoconductive properties have attracted significant interest in hard tissue engineering regeneration. We evaluated the distinct effects of magnesium borate, zinc borate, and boric acid blended into chitosan scaffold for osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth cells are a potential source of functional osteoblasts for applications in bone tissue engineering, but the efficiency of osteoblastic differentiation is low, thereby significantly limiting their clinical applications. Divalent metal borates have potential function in bone remodeling because they can simulate bone formation and decrease bone resorption. These magnesium, zinc, and B ions can gradually be released into the culture medium from the scaffold and induce advanced osteoblastic differentiation from stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. Stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth with magnesium borate or zinc borate as inducer demonstrated more osteoblastic differentiation after 21 days of culture. Differentiated cells exhibited activity of alkaline phosphatase, bone-related gene expression of collagen type I, runt-related transcription factor 2, osteopontin, osteocalcin, vascular endothelial growth factor, and angiopoietin-1, as noted via real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis, as well as significant deposits of calcium minerals. Divalent mental magnesium and zinc and nonmetal boron can be an effective inducer of osteogenesis for stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth. This experiment might provide useful inducers for osteoblastic differentiation of stem cells from exfoliated deciduous teeth for tissue engineering and bone repair.

Effect of zinc-borate glass addition on the thermal properties of the cordierite/Al2O3 composites containing nano-sized spinel crystal.

PubMed

Jo, Sinae; Kang, Seunggu

2013-11-01

Low-melting zinc-borate glass was added to the cordierite/Al2O3 composite in order to improve the sintering facility of Al2O3 and formation of nano-sized spinel crystal of high thermal conductivity. Increasing the ZnO/B2O3 ratio in the zinc-borate glass increased the ZnAl2O4 spinel and decreased the Al4B2O9 crystal peak intensities in X-ray diffraction pattern. The XRD peak intensities of the ZnAl2O4 spinel and Al4B2O9 crystals in the specimen containing 10 wt% zinc-borate glass (10G series) are higher than that of the specimen containing 5 wt% zinc-borate glass (5G series). The microstructures of most 10G series specimens had the flower-shaped crystal which was composed of 50 nm wide and 250 nm long needle-like crystals and identified as ZnAl2O4 spinel phase. The thermal conductivity of the 10G series specimen was higher than that of the 5G series in any ZnO/B2O3 ratio due to the formation of plenty of nano-sized ZnAl2O4 spinel of high thermal conductivity. Particularly, the thermal conductivity of the cordierite/Al2O3 composite containing 10 wt% zinc-borate glass of ZnO/B2O3 weight ratio = 1.5 was 3.8 W/Km which is much higher than that of the published value (3.0 W/Km).

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural analysis of new mixed oxyanion borates: Ba{sub 11}B{sub 26}O{sub 44}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(OH){sub 6}, Li{sub 9}BaB{sub 15}O{sub 27}(CO{sub 3}) and Ba{sub 3}Si{sub 2}B{sub 6}O{sub 16}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Heyward, Carla, E-mail: cheywar@clemson.edu; McMillen, Colin D., E-mail: cmcmill@clemson.edu; Kolis, Joseph, E-mail: kjoseph@clemson.edu

2013-07-15

Several new borate compounds, Ba{sub 11}B{sub 26}O{sub 44}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(OH){sub 6} (1), Li{sub 9}BaB{sub 15}O{sub 27}(CO{sub 3}) (2), and Ba{sub 3}Si{sub 2}B{sub 6}O{sub 16} (3) were synthesized containing other hetero-oxyanion building blocks in addition to the borate frameworks. They were all prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. Crystal data: For 1; space group P2{sub 1}/c, a=6.8909 (14) Å, b=13.629 (3) Å, c=25.851 (5) Å, β=90.04 (3)°; For 2; space group P-31c, a=8.8599 (13) Å, c=15.148 (3) Å; For 3; space group P-1, a=5.0414 (10) Å, b=7.5602 (15) Å, c=8.5374 (17)more » Å, α=77.15 (3)°, β=77.84 (3)°, γ=87.41 (3)° for 3. Compounds 1 and 2 contain isolated oxyanions [PO{sub 4}]{sup 3−} and [CO{sub 3}]{sup 2−} respectively, sitting in channels created by the borate framework, while structure 3 has the [SiO{sub 4}]{sup 4−} groups directly bonded to the borate groups creating a B–O–Si framework. - Highlights: • Hydrothermal syntheses of three new mixed oxyanion borates are presented. • Ba{sub 11}B{sub 26}O{sub 44}(PO{sub 4}){sub 2}(OH){sub 6} contains isolated [PO{sub 4}]{sup 3−} in voids of the borate framework. • Li{sub 9}BaB{sub 15}O{sub 27}(CO{sub 3}) contains isolated [CO{sub 3}]{sup 2−} in channels created by the framework. • Ba{sub 3}Si{sub 2}B{sub 6}O{sub 16} has direct bonding of [SiO{sub 4}]{sup 4−} and borates creating a B–O–Si framework.« less

Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel contact lens packaging solutions

PubMed Central

Tanti, N.C.; Jones, L.; Sheardown, H.

2010-01-01

Purpose Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the packaging solution during storage, which could then be subsequently released upon insertion of the CL on the eye. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various packaging solutions on HCECs, using an in vitro model. Methods An in vitro assay was developed whereby various silicone hydrogels and conventional, poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate  (polyHEMA)-based lens materials were removed directly from their packaging and then incubated for up to 24 h with HCECs. The effect of the retained and released packaging solution components on HCECs was assessed by measuring cell viability, adhesion phenotype, and apoptosis. Results Incubation of HCECs with CLs stored in borate-buffered packaging solutions resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. Adherent cells incubated with these CLs also exhibited reduced levels of β1 and α3 integrin. Soaking borate-buffered packaged CLs in PBS before cell incubation resolved viability and integrin expression in all cases, with the exception of galyfilcon A and balafilcon A, from which a 20% reduction in cell viability was still observed. In comparison, CLs stored in phosphate-buffered packaging solutions had cellular viability and expression of integrins similar to control cells (cells incubated in the absence of a lens). When incubated with cells at a 10% concentration in serum-free medium, borate-buffered packaging solutions and borate-containing saline (Unisol 4) significantly reduced cell viability and integrin expression. Neither caspase activation nor annexin V binding was observed on cells following exposure to borate buffer solution. However, a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species was observed at 24 h. These latter results suggest that in vitro exposure to low concentration of borate/boric acid results in cell dysfunction, leading to necrosis rather than apoptosis. Conclusions Borate-buffered packaging solutions were shown to adversely affect the viability and integrin expression of HCECs in vitro. When used in ophthalmic packaging solutions, the antimicrobial properties of borate buffer may be outweighed by its relatively cytotoxic effects on cells. PMID:20169012

Corneal epithelial cell biocompatibility to silicone hydrogel and conventional hydrogel contact lens packaging solutions.

PubMed

Gorbet, M B; Tanti, N C; Jones, L; Sheardown, H

2010-02-19

Although all contact lenses (CLs) are applied initially to the eye directly from a packaging solution, little is known about the effects of these solutions on human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs). Due to the porous nature of CL materials, they have the potential to sorb components of the packaging solution during storage, which could then be subsequently released upon insertion of the CL on the eye. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of various packaging solutions on HCECs, using an in vitro model. An in vitro assay was developed whereby various silicone hydrogels and conventional, poly-2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate (polyHEMA)-based lens materials were removed directly from their packaging and then incubated for up to 24 h with HCECs. The effect of the retained and released packaging solution components on HCECs was assessed by measuring cell viability, adhesion phenotype, and apoptosis. Incubation of HCECs with CLs stored in borate-buffered packaging solutions resulted in a significant reduction in cell viability. Adherent cells incubated with these CLs also exhibited reduced levels of beta(1) and alpha(3) integrin. Soaking borate-buffered packaged CLs in PBS before cell incubation resolved viability and integrin expression in all cases, with the exception of galyfilcon A and balafilcon A, from which a 20% reduction in cell viability was still observed. In comparison, CLs stored in phosphate-buffered packaging solutions had cellular viability and expression of integrins similar to control cells (cells incubated in the absence of a lens). When incubated with cells at a 10% concentration in serum-free medium, borate-buffered packaging solutions and borate-containing saline (Unisol 4) significantly reduced cell viability and integrin expression. Neither caspase activation nor annexin V binding was observed on cells following exposure to borate buffer solution. However, a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species was observed at 24 h. These latter results suggest that in vitro exposure to low concentration of borate/boric acid results in cell dysfunction, leading to necrosis rather than apoptosis. Borate-buffered packaging solutions were shown to adversely affect the viability and integrin expression of HCECs in vitro. When used in ophthalmic packaging solutions, the antimicrobial properties of borate buffer may be outweighed by its relatively cytotoxic effects on cells.

Passive safety injection system using borated water

DOEpatents

Conway, Lawrence E.; Schulz, Terry L.

1993-01-01

A passive safety injection system relies on differences in water density to induce natural circulatory flow patterns which help maintain prescribed concentrations of boric acid in borated water, and prevents boron from accumulating in the reactor vessel and possibly preventing heat transfer.

Boric Acid Corrosion of Concrete Rebar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pabalan, R. T.; Yang, L.; Chiang, K.–T.

2013-07-01

Borated water leakage through spent fuel pools (SFPs) at pressurized water reactors is a concern because it could cause corrosion of reinforcement steel in the concrete structure and compromise the integrity of the structure. Because corrosion rate of carbon steel in concrete in the presence of boric acid is lacking in published literature and available data are equivocal on the effect of boric acid on rebar corrosion, corrosion rate measurements were conducted in this study using several test methods. Rebar corrosion rates were measured in (i) borated water flowing in a simulated concrete crack, (ii) borated water flowing over a concrete surface, (iii) borated water that has reacted with concrete, and (iv) 2,400 ppm boric acid solutions with pH adjusted to a range of 6.0 to 7.7. The corrosion rates were measured using coupled multielectrode array sensor (CMAS) and linear polarization resistance (LPR) probes, both made using carbon steel. The results indicate that rebar corrosion rates are low (~1 μm/yr or less)when the solution pH is ~7.1 or higher. Below pH ~7.1, the corrosion rate increases with decreasing pH and can reach ~100 μm/yr in solutions with pH less than ~6.7. The threshold pH for carbon steel corrosion in borated solution is between 6.8 and 7.3.

Treatment of cells with alkaline borate buffer extends the capability of interphase FISH mapping.

PubMed

Yokota, H; van den Engh, G; Mostert, M; Trask, B J

1995-01-20

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been shown to be a means to map DNA sequences relative to each other in the 100 kb to 1-2 Mb genomic-separation range. At distances below 0.1 Mb, probe sites are infrequently resolved in interphase chromatin. In the 0.1- to 1-Mb range, interphase chromatin can be modeled as a freely flexible chain. The mean square interphase distance between two probes is proportional to the genomic separation between the probes on the linear DNA molecule. Above 1-2 Mb, the relationship between interphase distance and genomic separation changes abruptly and appears to level off. We have used alkaline-borate treatment to expand the capability of interphase FISH mapping. We show here that alkaline-borate treatment increases nuclear diameter, the interphase distance between probes on homologous chromosomes, and the distance between probes on the same chromosome. We also show that the mean square distance between hybridization sites in borate-treated nuclei is proportional to genomic separation up to 4 Mb. Thus, alkaline-borate treatment enhances the capability of interphase FISH mapping by increasing the absolute distance between probes and extending the range of the simple relationship between interphase distance and genomic separation.

Treatment of cells with alkaline borate buffer extends the capability of interphase FISH mapping

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yokota, H.; Van Den Engh, G.; Mostert, M.

1995-01-20

Interphase fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has been shown to be a means to map DNA sequences relative to each other in the 100 kb to 1-2 Mb genomic-separation range. At distances below 0.1 Mb, probe sites are infrequently resolved in interphase chromatin. In the 0.1- to 1-Mb range, interphase chromatin can be modeled as a freely flexible chain. The mean square interphase distance between two probes is proportional to the genomic separation between the probes on the linear DNA molecule. Above 1-2 Mb, the relationship between interphase distance and genomic separation changes abruptly and appears to level off. Wemore » have used alkaline-borate treatment to expand the capability of interphase FISH mapping. We show here that alkaline-borate treatment increases nuclear diameter, the interphase distance between probes on homologous chromosomes, and the distance between probes on the same chromosome. We also show that the mean square distance between hybridization sites in borate-treated nuclei is proportional to genomic separation up to 4 Mb. Thus, alkaline-borate treatment enhances the capability of interphase FISH mapping by increasing the absolute distance between probes and extending the range of the simple relationship between interphase distance and genomic separation. 31 refs., 5 figs.« less

A novel injectable borate bioactive glass cement for local delivery of vancomycin to cure osteomyelitis and regenerate bone.

PubMed

Cui, Xu; Zhao, Cunju; Gu, Yifei; Li, Le; Wang, Hui; Huang, Wenhai; Zhou, Nai; Wang, Deping; Zhu, Yi; Xu, Jun; Luo, Shihua; Zhang, Changqing; Rahaman, Mohamed N

2014-03-01

Osteomyelitis (bone infection) is often difficult to cure. The commonly-used treatment of surgical debridement to remove the infected bone combined with prolonged systemic and local antibiotic treatment has limitations. In the present study, an injectable borate bioactive glass cement was developed as a carrier for the antibiotic vancomycin, characterized in vitro, and evaluated for its capacity to cure osteomyelitis in a rabbit tibial model. The cement (initial setting time = 5.8 ± 0.6 min; compressive strength = 25.6 ± 0.3 MPa) released vancomycin over ~25 days in phosphate-buffered saline, during which time the borate glass converted to hydroxyapatite (HA). When implanted in rabbit tibial defects infected with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA)-induced osteomyelitis, the vancomycin-loaded cement converted to HA and supported new bone formation in the defects within 8 weeks. Osteomyelitis was cured in 87 % of the defects implanted with the vancomycin-loaded borate glass cement, compared to 71 % for the defects implanted with vancomycin-loaded calcium sulfate cement. The injectable borate bioactive glass cement developed in this study is a promising treatment for curing osteomyelitis and for regenerating bone in the defects following cure of the infection.

In vitro bioactivity, cytocompatibility, and antibiotic release profile of gentamicin sulfate-loaded borate bioactive glass/chitosan composites.

PubMed

Cui, Xu; Gu, Yifei; Li, Le; Wang, Hui; Xie, Zhongping; Luo, Shihua; Zhou, Nai; Huang, Wenhai; Rahaman, Mohamed N

2013-10-01

Borate bioactive glass-based composites have been attracting interest recently as an osteoconductive carrier material for local antibiotic delivery. In the present study, composites composed of borate bioactive glass particles bonded with a chitosan matrix were prepared and evaluated in vitro as a carrier for gentamicin sulfate. The bioactivity, degradation, drug release profile, and compressive strength of the composite carrier system were studied as a function of immersion time in phosphate-buffered saline at 37 °C. The cytocompatibility of the gentamicin sulfate-loaded composite carrier was evaluated using assays of cell proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of osteogenic MC3T3-E1 cells. Sustained release of gentamicin sulfate occurred over ~28 days in PBS, while the bioactive glass converted continuously to hydroxyapatite. The compressive strength of the composite loaded with gentamicin sulfate decreased from the as-fabricated value of 24 ± 3 MPa to ~8 MPa after immersion for 14 days in PBS. Extracts of the soluble ionic products of the borate glass/chitosan composites enhanced the proliferation and alkaline phosphatase activity of MC3T3-E1 cells. These results indicate that the gentamicin sulfate-loaded composite composed of chitosan-bonded borate bioactive glass particles could be useful clinically as an osteoconductive carrier material for treating bone infection.

Synthesis and study on the luminescence properties of cadmium borate phosphors

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Annalakshmi, O.; Jose, M.T., E-mail: mtjosein@yahoo.co.in; Venkatraman, B.

2014-02-01

Highlights: • Cadmium borate synthesized by solid state sintering technique. • Neutron sensitivity of the material ten times that of TLD-600. • Gamma sensitivity is found to be twice that of TLD-100. • Gamma response is linear from 0.1 to 10{sup 3} mGy. - Abstract: Cadmium borate compound prepared through wet chemical reaction from the starting chemicals followed by high temperature solid state synthesis below the melting point to get the final TL phosphor powder. Phase purity and bond details of cadmium borate crystals are characterized using X-ray diffraction technique and infrared spectroscopy. Feasibility of these materials for radiation dosimetrymore » applications was studied after gamma and neutron irradiation. Gamma irradiation of undoped phosphors show a single peak around 185 °C whereas doping with gadolinium and silver, new more intense peak observed at 290 °C. Irradiation to thermal neutrons revealed single peak around 170 °C for all the phosphors. TL emission spectra and photoluminescence (PL) studies were also carried out on the phosphors. These borate materials are found to be highly sensitive to neutrons and hence can be used for neutron detection. Neutron sensitivity of the material is about ten times that of TLD-600.« less

40 CFR 415.271 - Specialized definitions. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Specialized definitions. [Reserved] 415.271 Section 415.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 415.271 - Specialized definitions. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specialized definitions. [Reserved] 415.271 Section 415.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 415.271 - Specialized definitions. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. [Reserved] 415.271 Section 415.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 415.271 - Specialized definitions. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Specialized definitions. [Reserved] 415.271 Section 415.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

Chronic boric acid poisoning in infants.

PubMed Central

O'Sullivan, K; Taylor, M

1983-01-01

We report 7 infants suffering from seizures induced by chronic boric acid ingestion. The boric acid was given by dipping a soother in a proprietary borax and honey mixture. The babies have remained well since the mixture was withheld. PMID:6625636

40 CFR 415.271 - Specialized definitions. [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Specialized definitions. [Reserved] 415.271 Section 415.271 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

X-Ray Absorption Spectroscopy Studies of the Atomic Structure of Zirconium-Doped Lithium Silicate Glasses and Glass-Ceramics, Zirconium-Doped Lithium Borate Glasses, and Vitreous Rare-Earth Phosphates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoo, Changhyeon

In the first part of this work, the atomic-scale structure around rare-earth (RE = Pr, Nd, Eu, Dy, and Er) cations (RE3+) in rare-earth sodium ultraphosphate (REUP) glasses were investigated using RE LIII -edge (RE = Nd, Er, Dy, and Eu) and K-edge (RE = Pr and Dy) Extended X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy. (RE2O 3)x(Na2O)y(P2O5) 1-x-y glasses in the compositional range 0 ≤ x ≤ 0.14 and 0.3 ≤ x + y ≤ 0.4 were studied. For the nearest oxygen shell, the RE-oxygen (RE-O) coordination number decreases from 10.8 to 6.5 with increasing RE content for Pr-, Nd-, Dy-, and Er-doped sodium ultraphosphate glasses. For Eu-doped samples, the Eu-O coordination number was between 7.5 and 8.8. Also, the RE-O mean distance ranges were between 2.43-2.45 A, 2.40-2.43 A, 2.36-2.38 A, 2.30-2.35 A, and 2.28-2.30 A for Pr-, Nd-, Eu-, Dy-, and Er-doped samples, respectively. In the second part, a series of Zr-doped (3-10 mol%) lithium silicate (ZRLS) glass-ceramics and their parent glasses and a series of Zr-doped (2-6 mol% ZrO2) lithium borate (ZRLB) glasses were investigated using Zr K-edge EXAFS and X-ray Absorption Near Edge Structure (XANES) spectroscopy. Immediate coordination environments of all ZRLS glasses are remarkably similar for different compositions. For the nearest oxygen shell, the Zr-O coordination number ranges were between 6.1 and 6.3 for nucleated and crystallized samples, respectively. Also, the Zr-O mean distance remains similar around 2.10 A. For these glasses, the composition dependence of structural parameters was small. Small changes in the coordination environment were observed for ZRLS glass-ceramics after thermal treatments. In contrast, Zr coordination environment in ZRLB glasses appear to depend appreciably on the Zr concentration. For the nearest oxygen shell, the Zr-O coordination number increased from 6.1 to 6.8 and the Zr-O distance decreased from 2.18 A to 2.14 A with decreasing ZrO2 content.

Unusual stoichiometry control in the atomic layer deposition of manganese borate films from manganese bis(tris(pyrazolyl)borate) and ozone

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klesko, Joseph P.; Bellow, James A.; Saly, Mark J.

The atomic layer deposition (ALD) of films with the approximate compositions Mn{sub 3}(BO{sub 3}){sub 2} and CoB{sub 2}O{sub 4} is described using MnTp{sub 2} or CoTp{sub 2} [Tp = tris(pyrazolyl)borate] with ozone. The solid state decomposition temperatures of MnTp{sub 2} and CoTp{sub 2} are ∼370 and ∼340 °C, respectively. Preparative-scale sublimations of MnTp{sub 2} and CoTp{sub 2} at 210 °C/0.05 Torr afforded >99% recoveries with <0.1% nonvolatile residues. Self-limited ALD growth was demonstrated at 325 °C for MnTp{sub 2} or CoTp{sub 2} with ozone as the coreactant. The growth rate for the manganese borate process was 0.19 Å/cycle within the ALD window of 300–350 °C. The growth ratemore » for the cobalt borate process was 0.39–0.42 Å/cycle at 325 °C. X-ray diffraction of the as-deposited films indicated that they were amorphous. Atomic force microscopy of 35–36 nm thick manganese borate films grown within the 300–350 °C ALD window showed root mean square surface roughnesses of 0.4–0.6 nm. Film stoichiometries were assessed by x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and time of flight-elastic recoil detection analysis. The differing film stoichiometries obtained from the very similar precursors MnTp{sub 2} and CoTp{sub 2} are proposed to arise from the oxidizing ability of the intermediate high valent manganese oxide layers and lack thereof for cobalt.« less

Optical absorption and photoluminescence properties of Er3+ doped mixed alkali borate glasses.

PubMed

Ratnakaram, Y C; Kumar, A Vijaya; Naidu, D Tirupathi; Rao, J L

2005-07-01

An investigations of the optical absorption and fluorescence spectra of 0.2 mol% Er2O3 in mixed alkali borate glasses of the type 67.8B2O3 x xLi2O(32-x)Na2O, 67.8B2O3 x xLi2O(32-x)K2O and 67.8B2O3 x xNa2O(32-x)K2O (where x = 8, 12, 16, 20 and 24) are presented. The glasses were obtained by quenching melts consisting of H3BO3, Li2CO3, Na2CO3, K2CO3 and Er2O3 (950-1100 degrees C, 1.5-2 h) between two brass plates. Spectroscopic parameters like Racah (E1, E2 and E3), spin-orbit (xi(4f)) and configuration interaction (alpha) parameters are deduced as function of x. Using Judd-Ofelt theory, Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters (omega2, omega4 and omega6) are obtained. Radiative and non-radiative transition rates (A(T) and W(MPR)), radiative lifetimes (tauR), branching ratios (beta) and integrated absorption cross-sections (sigma) have been computed for certain excited states of Er3+ in these mixed alkali borate glasses. Emission spectra have been studied for all the three Er3+ doped mixed alkali borate glasses. The present paper throws light on the trends observed in the intensity parameters, radiative lifetimes, branching ratios and emission cross-sections as a function of x in these borate glasses, keeping in view the effect of mixed alkalies in borate glasses.

40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.131...

40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436...

40 CFR 415.273-415.275 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true [Reserved] 415.273-415.275 Section 415.273-415.275 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436.131...

40 CFR 415.273-415.275 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true [Reserved] 415.273-415.275 Section 415.273-415.275 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 31 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436...

7. VIEW OF BRINING TANK Newer, concrete model. After drying, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

7. VIEW OF BRINING TANK Newer, concrete model. After drying, skins were rolled in borax and packed into barrels, such as those seen in background. - Sealing Plant, St. George Island, Pribilof Islands, Saint George, Aleutians West Census Area, AK

40 CFR 436.131 - Specialized definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Specialized definitions. 436.131 Section 436.131 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS (CONTINUED) MINERAL MINING AND PROCESSING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Subcategory § 436...

40 CFR 415.273-415.275 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 415.273-415.275 Section 415.273-415.275 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 415.273-415.275 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true [Reserved] 415.273-415.275 Section 415.273-415.275 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

40 CFR 415.273-415.275 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true [Reserved] 415.273-415.275 Section 415.273-415.275 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production Subcategory...

Dosimetric properties of dysprosium doped lithium borate glass irradiated by 6 MV photons

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ab Rasid, A.; Wagiran, H.; Hashim, S.; Ibrahim, Z.; Ali, H.

2015-07-01

Undoped and dysprosium doped lithium borate glass system with empirical formula (70-x) B2O3-30 Li2O-(x) Dy2O3 (x=0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 mol%) were prepared using the melt-quenching technique. The dosimetric measurements were performed by irradiating the samples to 6 MV photon beam using linear accelerator (LINAC) over a dose range of 0.5-5.0 Gy. The glass series of dysprosium doped lithium borate glass produced the best thermoluminescence (TL) glow curve with the highest intensity peak from sample with 1.0 mol% Dy2O3 concentration. Minimum detectable dose was detected at 2.24 mGy, good linearity of regression coefficient, high reproducibility and high sensitivity compared to the undoped glass are from 1.0 mol% dysprosium doped lithium borate glass. The results indicated that the series of dysprosium doped lithium glasses have a great potential to be considered as a thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD).

Impact of vanadium ions in barium borate glass.

PubMed

Abdelghany, A M; Hammad, Ahmed H

2015-02-25

Combined optical and infrared spectral measurements of prepared barium borate glasses containing different concentrations of V2O5 were carried out. Vanadium containing glasses exhibit extended UV-visible (UV/Vis.) bands when compared with base binary borate glass. UV/Vis. spectrum shows the presence of an unsymmetrical strong UV broad band centered at 214 nm attributed to the presence of unavoidable trace iron impurities within the raw materials used for the preparation of such glass. The calculated direct and indirect optical band gaps are found to decrease with increasing the vanadium content (2.9:137 for indirect and 3.99:2.01 for direct transition). This change was discussed in terms of structural changes in the glass network. Infrared absorption spectra of the glasses reveal the appearance of both triangular and tetrahedral borate units. Electron spin resonance analyses indicate the presence of unpaired species in sufficient quantity to be identified and to confirm the spectral data. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Reliability of Monte Carlo simulations in modeling neutron yields from a shielded fission source

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

McArthur, Matthew S.; Rees, Lawrence B.; Czirr, J. Bart

2016-08-01

Using the combination of a neutron-sensitive 6Li glass scintillator detector with a neutron-insensitive 7Li glass scintillator detector, we are able to make an accurate measurement of the capture rate of fission neutrons on 6Li. We used this detector with a 252Cf neutron source to measure the effects of both non-borated polyethylene and 5% borated polyethylene shielding on detection rates over a range of shielding thicknesses. Both of these measurements were compared with MCNP calculations to determine how well the calculations reproduced the measurements. When the source is highly shielded, the number of interactions experienced by each neutron prior to arriving at the detector is large, so it is important to compare Monte Carlo modeling with actual experimental measurements. MCNP reproduces the data fairly well, but it does generally underestimate detector efficiency both with and without polyethylene shielding. For non-borated polyethylene it underestimates the measured value by an average of 8%. This increases to an average of 11% for borated polyethylene.

D-Tagatose production in the presence of borate by resting Lactococcus lactis cells harboring Bifidobacterium longum L-arabinose isomerase.

PubMed

Salonen, Noora; Salonen, Kalle; Leisola, Matti; Nyyssölä, Antti

2013-04-01

Bifidobacterium longum NRRL B-41409 L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI) was overexpressed in Lactococcus lactis using a phosphate depletion inducible expression system. The resting L. lactis cells harboring the B. longum L-AI were used for production of D-tagatose from D-galactose in the presence of borate buffer. Multivariable analysis suggested that high pH, temperature and borate concentration favoured the conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose. Almost quantitative conversion (92 %) was achieved at 20 g L⁻¹ substrate and at 37.5 °C after 5 days. The D-tagatose production rate of 185 g L⁻¹ day ⁻¹ was obtained at 300 g L⁻¹ galactose, at 1.15 M borate, and at 41 °C during 10 days when the production medium was changed every 24 h. There was no significant loss in productivity during ten sequential 24 h batches. The initial D-tagatose production rate was 290 g L⁻¹ day⁻¹ under these conditions.

Vibrational spectroscopy of the borate mineral kotoite Mg₃(BO₃)₂.

PubMed

Frost, Ray L; Xi, Yunfei

2013-02-15

Vibrational spectroscopy has been used to assess the structure of kotoite a borate mineral of magnesium which is isostructural with jimboite. The mineral is orthorhombic with point group: 2/m 2/m 2/m. The mineral has the potential as a new memory insulator material. The mineral has been characterised by a combination of Raman and infrared spectroscopy. The Raman spectrum is dominated by a very intense band at 835 cm(-1), assigned to the symmetric stretching mode of tetrahedral boron. Raman bands at 919, 985 and 1015 cm(-1) are attributed to the antisymmetric stretching modes of tetrahedral boron. Kotoite is strictly an hydrous borate mineral. An intense Raman band observed at 3559 cm(-1) is attributed to the stretching vibration of hydroxyl units, more likely to be associated with the borate mineral hydroxyborate. The lack of observation of water bending modes proves the absence of water in the kotoite structure. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

New insight in the nature of surface magnetic anisotropy in iron borate

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Strugatsky, M.; Seleznyova, K.; Zubov, V.; Kliava, J.

2018-02-01

The theory of surface magnetism of iron borate, FeBO3, has been extended by taking into consideration a crystal field contribution to the surface magnetic anisotropy energy. For this purpose, a model of distortion of the six-fold oxygen environment of iron ions in the near-surface layer of iron borate has been put forward. The spin Hamiltonian parameters for isolated Fe3+ ions in the distorted environment of the near-surface layer have been calculated using the Newman's superposition model. The crystal field contribution to the surface magnetic anisotropy energy has been calculated in the framework of the perturbation theory. The model developed allows concluding that the distortions of the iron environment produce a significant crystal field contribution to the surface magnetic anisotropy constant. The results of experimental studies of the surface magnetic anisotropy in iron borate can be described assuming the existence of relative contractions in the near-surface layer of the order of 1 %.

SERS-activating effect of chlorides on borate-stabilized silver nanoparticles: formation of new reduced adsorption sites and induced nanoparticle fusion.

PubMed

Sloufová, Ivana; Sisková, Karolína; Vlcková, Blanka; Stepánek, Josef

2008-04-28

Changes in morphology, surface reactivity and surface-enhancement of Raman scattering induced by modification of borate-stabilized Ag nanoparticles by adsorbed chlorides have been explored using TEM, EDX analysis and SERS spectra of probing adsorbate 2,2'-bipyridine (bpy) excited at 514.5 nm and evaluated by factor analysis. At fractional coverages of the parent Ag nanoparticles by adsorbed chlorides <0.6, the Ag colloid/Cl(-)/bpy systems were found to be constituted by fractal aggregates of Ag nanoparticles fairly uniform in size (10 +/- 2 nm) and SERS spectra of Ag(+)-bpy surface species were detected. The latter result was interpreted in terms of the presence of oxidized Ag(+) and/or Ag(n)(+) adsorption sites, which have been encountered also in systems with the chemically untreated Ag nanoparticles. At chloride coverages >0.6, a fusion of fractal aggregates into the compact aggregates of touching and/or interpenetrating Ag nanoparticles has been observed and found to be accompanied by the formation of another surface species, Ag-bpy, as well as by the increase of the overall SERS enhancement of bpy by factor of 40. The same Ag-bpy surface species has been detected under the strongly reducing conditions of reduction of silver nitrate by sodium borohydride in the presence of bpy. The formation of Ag-bpy is thus interpreted in terms of the stabilization of reduced Ag(0) adsorption sites by adsorbed bpy. The formation of reduced adsorption sites on Ag nanoparticle surfaces at chloride coverages >0.6 is discussed in terms of local changes in the work function of Ag. Finally, the SERS spectral detection of Ag-bpy species is proposed as a tool for probing the presence of reduced Ag(0) adsorption sites in systems with chemically modified Ag nanoparticles.

Theoretical investigation, biological evaluation and VEGFR2 kinase studies of metal(II) complexes derived from hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate.

PubMed

Jayakumar, S; Mahendiran, D; Srinivasan, T; Mohanraj, G; Kalilur Rahiman, A

2016-02-01

The reaction of soft tripodal scorpionate ligand, sodium hydrotris(methimazolyl)borate with M(ClO4)2·6H2O [MMn(II), Ni(II), Cu(II) or Zn(II)] in methanol leads to the cleavage of B-N bond followed by the formation of complexes of the type [M(MeimzH)4](ClO4)2·H2O (1-4), where MeimzH=methimazole. All the complexes were fully characterized by spectro-analytical techniques. The molecular structure of the zinc(II) complex (4) was determined by X-ray crystallography, which supports the observed deboronation reaction in the scorpionate ligand with tetrahedral geometry around zinc(II) ion. The electronic spectra of complexes suggested tetrahedral geometry for manganese(II) and nickel(II) complexes, and square-planar geometry for copper(II) complex. Frontier molecular orbital analysis (HOMO-LUMO) was carried out by B3LYP/6-31G(d) to understand the charge transfer occurring in the molecules. All the complexes exhibit significant antimicrobial activity against Gram (-ve) and Gram (+ve) bacterial as well as fungal strains, which are quite comparable to standard drugs streptomycin and clotrimazole. The copper(II) complex (3) showed excellent free radical scavenging activity against DPPH in all concentration with IC50 value of 30μg/mL, when compared to the other complexes. In the molecular docking studies, all the complexes showed hydrophobic, π-π and hydrogen bonding interactions with BSA. The cytotoxic activity of the complexes against human hepatocellular liver carcinoma (HepG2) cells was assessed by MTT assay, which showed exponential responses toward increasing concentration of complexes. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Investigation of passive films formed on the surface of alloy 690 in borate buffer solution

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jinlong, Lv; Tongxiang, Liang; Chen, Wang; Wenli, Guo

2015-10-01

The passive film formed on the surface of the alloy 690 in borate buffer solution was studied by potentiodynamic curves and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. With the increasing of the passivation potential, the corrosion resistance of the alloy 690 reduced. Moreover, the corrosion resistance of the passive film was the lowest in the vicinity of 0.6 VSCE. These results were supported by XPS and Mott-Schottky analyses. The corrosion resistance of the alloy 690 increased with the increasing of passivated potential in borate buffer solution with chloride ion. The chloride ion decreased corrosion resistance of the alloy 690 according to point defect model.

[Investigations of the efficacy and bio-availability of different pilocarpine eye drops].

PubMed

Tapasztó, I; Boross, F

1982-01-01

The efficacy of three pilocarpine preparations in different concentrations (pilocarpine borate 0.5%, 1%, 2%; pilocarpine hydrochloride 0.5%, 1%, 2%; pilocarpine nitrate 1%, 2%) was investigated in 57 glaucomatous patients. Pilocarpine borate reduced intraocular pressure more effectively than either of the other pilocarpine solutions. The 2% concentration had a particularly prolonged effect. This finding corresponded well with pilocarpine levels in the aqueous humour of rabbits, as determined by spectrophotometric analysis. Pilocarpine borate 2% revealed an almost two-fold amount of drug compared to the 2% hydrochloride and nitrate solutions, and a detectable pilocarpine level was present for a longer period as well.

The preparation and characterization of a lithium borate glass prepared by the gel technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Weinberg, M. C.; Neilson, G. F.; Smith, G. L.; Dunn, B.; Moore, G. S.; Mackenzie, J. D.

1985-01-01

The preparation of an amorphous lithium borate gel by the metal organic procedure is described. In addition, a preliminary evaluation of the behavior of the gel upon heating is given. In particular the crystallization tendency of the gel is studied with the aid of DTA and X-ray diffraction, and the structural changes in the gel are monitored with the aid of IR spectroscopy. The glass produced from the lithium borate gel is compared to both the gel precursor material and a glass of similar composition prepared by conventional techniques. Specifically, the relevant water contents, crystallization behavior, and structural features are contrasted.

A method for determining the composition of methanol-trimethyl borate mixtures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaye, Samuel; Sordyl, Frank

1955-01-01

A study of mixtures of pure methanol and trimethyl borate showed that the composition can be accurately obtained by a simple density determination. The refractive-index determination gives the composition with much less accuracy. The potentiometric titration of boric acid is also discussed.

INFLUENCE OF BORATE BUFFERS ON THE ELECTROPHORETIC BEHAVIOR OF HUMIC SUBSTANCES IN CAPILLARY ZONE ELECTROPHORESIS

EPA Science Inventory

The influence of tetrahydroxyborate ions on the electrophoretic mobility of humic acids was evaluated by capillary electrophoresis (CE). Depending on the molarity of borate ions in the separation buffer, the humic acids exhibit electropherograms with sharp peaks consistently exte...

Hydrothermal synthesis and structural analysis of new mixed oxyanion borates: Ba11B26O44(PO4)2(OH)6, Li9BaB15O27(CO3) and Ba3Si2B6O16

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Heyward, Carla; McMillen, Colin D.; Kolis, Joseph

2013-07-01

Several new borate compounds, Ba11B26O44(PO4)2(OH)6 (1), Li9BaB15O27(CO3) (2), and Ba3Si2B6O16 (3) were synthesized containing other hetero-oxyanion building blocks in addition to the borate frameworks. They were all prepared under hydrothermal conditions and characterized by single crystal and powder X-ray diffraction, and IR spectroscopy. Crystal data: For 1; space group P21/c, a=6.8909 (14) Å, b=13.629 (3) Å, c=25.851 (5) Å, β=90.04 (3)°; For 2; space group P-31c, a=8.8599 (13) Å, c=15.148 (3) Å; For 3; space group P-1, a=5.0414 (10) Å, b=7.5602 (15) Å, c=8.5374 (17) Å, α=77.15 (3)°, β=77.84 (3)°, γ=87.41 (3)° for 3. Compounds 1 and 2 contain isolated oxyanions [PO4]3- and [CO3]2- respectively, sitting in channels created by the borate framework, while structure 3 has the [SiO4]4- groups directly bonded to the borate groups creating a B-O-Si framework.

Effects of chronic Akt/mTOR inhibition by rapamycin on mechanical overload-induced hypertrophy and myosin heavy chain transition in masseter muscle.

PubMed

Umeki, Daisuke; Ohnuki, Yoshiki; Mototani, Yasumasa; Shiozawa, Kouichi; Fujita, Takayuki; Nakamura, Yoshiki; Saeki, Yasutake; Okumura, Satoshi

2013-01-01

To examine the effects of the Akt/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway on masseter muscle hypertrophy and myosin heavy chain (MHC) transition in response to mechanical overload, we analyzed the effects of bite-opening (BO) on the hypertrophy and MHC composition of masseter muscle of BO-rats treated or not treated with rapamycin (RAPA), a selective mTOR inhibitor. The masseter muscle weight in BO-rats was significantly greater than that in controls, and this increase was attenuated by RAPA treatment. Expression of slow-twitch MHC isoforms was significantly increased in BO-rats with/without RAPA treatment, compared with controls, but the magnitude of the increase was much smaller in RAPA-treated BO-rats. Phosphorylation of p44/42 MAPK (ERK1/2), which preserves fast-twitch MHC isoforms in skeletal muscle, was significantly decreased in BO-rats, but the decrease was abrogated by RAPA treatment. Calcineurin signaling is known to be important for masseter muscle hypertrophy and fast-to-slow MHC isoform transition, but expression of known calcineurin activity modulators was unaffected by RAPA treatment. Taken together, these results indicate that the Akt/mTOR pathway is involved in both development of masseter muscle hypertrophy and fast-to-slow MHC isoform transition in response to mechanical overload with inhibition of the ERK1/2 pathway and operates independently of the calcineurin pathway.

U.S. EPA, Pesticide Product Label, , 05/30/1984

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

2011-04-14

... PlUt,' 11""1{\\ "'1\\11 'u " ... If \\ / ,It II ... II I If I '1 , , ... I' III I 'U \\' "t \\1 ... I \\1 1 I'" "1""'11 \\1111(1111 '111 \\1 11\\/\\1(11 h.,! " BORAX \\. t'\\ " I, ,,' 11',- I" ,,1:.- " . ...

Quantitative analysis of flavonoids and phenolic acids in Arnica montana L. by micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography.

PubMed

Ganzera, Markus; Egger, Christoph; Zidorn, Christian; Stuppner, Hermann

2008-05-05

Arnica montana preparations have been used in Europe for centuries to treat skin disorders. Among the biologically active ingredients in the flower heads of the plant are sequiterpenes, flavonoids and phenolic acids. For the simultaneous determination of compounds belonging to the latter two groups a micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography (MEKC) method was developed and validated. By using an electrolyte solution containing 50 mM borax, 25 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 30% of acetonitrile the separation of seven flavonoids and four caffeic acid derivatives was feasible in less than 20 min. The optimized system was validated for repeatability (sigma(rel) < or = 4.4%), precision (inter-day sigma(rel) < or = 8.13%, intra-day sigma(rel) < or = 4.32%), accuracy (recovery rates from 96.8 to 102.4%), sensitivity (limit of detection (LOD) < or = 4.5 microg mL(-1)) and linearity (R(2) > or = 0.9996), and then successfully applied to assay several plant samples. In all of them the most dominant flavonoid was found to be quercetin 3-O-glucuronic acid, whereas 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid was the major phenolic acid; the total content of flavonoids and phenolic acids varied in the samples from 0.60 to 1.70%, and 1.03 to 2.24%, respectively.

Rapid determination of water- and fat-soluble vitamins with microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography.

PubMed

Yin, Changna; Cao, Yuhua; Ding, Shaodong; Wang, Yun

2008-06-06

A rapid, reliable and reproducible method based on microemulsion electrokinetic chromatography (MEEKC) for simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of water- and fat-soluble vitamins has been developed in this work. A novel microemulsion system consisting of 1.2% (w/w) sodium lauryl sulphate (SDS), 21% (v/v) 1-butanol, 18% (v/v) acetonitrile, 0.8% (w/w) n-hexane, 20mM borax buffer (pH 8.7) was applied to improve selectivity and efficiency, as well as shorten analysis time. The composition of microemulsion used as the MEEKC running buffer was investigated thoroughly to obtain stable separation medium, as well as the optimum determination conditions. Acetonitrile as the organic solvent modifier, pH of the running buffer and 1-butanol as the co-surfactant played the most important roles for the separation of the fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins and stabilization of system, respectively. The 13 water- and fat-soluble vitamins were baseline separated within 30 min. The system was applied to determine water- and fat-soluble vitamins in commercial multivitamin pharmaceutical formulation, good accuracy and precision were obtained with recoveries between 97% and 105%, relative standard derivations (RSDs) less than 1.8% except vitamin C, and acceptable quantitative results corresponding to label claim.

77 FR 27815 - Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-05-11

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0256] Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and... Guidance (LR-ISG), LR-ISG-2011-01, ``Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in...) Report for the aging management of stainless steel structures and components exposed to treated borated...

76 FR 69292 - Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-11-08

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0256] Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and... Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water.'' This LR-ISG revises the guidance in...) and Generic Aging Lessons Learned (GALL) Report for the aging management of stainless steel structures...

77 FR 74883 - Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water; Revision 1

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-12-18

... NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION [NRC-2011-0256] Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and..., ``Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in Treated Borated Water,'' which was... Staff Guidance LR-ISG-2011-01, ``Aging Management of Stainless Steel Structures and Components in...

Borax in the supraglacial moraine of the Lewis Cliff, Buckley Island quadrangle--first Antarctic occurrence

USGS Publications Warehouse

Fitzpatrick, J.J.; Muhs, D.R.

1989-01-01

During the 1987-1988 austral summer field season, membersof the south party of the antarctic search for meteorites south-ern team* working in the Lewis Cliff/Colbert Hills region dis-covered several areas of unusual mineralization within theLewis Cliff ice tongue and its associated moraine field (figure1). The Lewis Cliff ice tongue (84°15'S 161°25'E) is a meteorite-stranding surface of ablating blue ice, about 2.3 by 7.0 kilo-meters, bounded on the west by the Lewis Cliff, on the northand northeast by a large supraglacial moraine, and on the eastby the Colbert Hills. To the south it opens to the Walcott Névé.Because it is a meteorite-stranding surface, the major component of ice motion in the area is believed to be vertical(Whillans and Cassidy 1983). The presence of Thule-Baffinmoraines at the northern terminus of the blue ice tends tosupport the hypothesis that the area underlying the moraineis essentially stagnant and that ice arriving from the south ispiling up against it. Areas containing mineral deposits werefound within the moraine field to the north and east of theblue ice margin and also along the east margins of the blue iceitself. Subsequent X-ray diffraction analyses of these depositshave shown that they are composed predominantly of nah-colite (NaHCO3), trona [Na3(CO3)(HCO3) · 2H20], borax[Na2B405(OH)4 · 8H20], and a new hexagonal hydrous sulfatespecies. This paper reports the details of the borax occurrence,because it is the first known on the continent.

Could borate have played a role in the RNA World?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grew, E. S.; Bada, J. L.; Hazen, R. M.

2012-12-01

Two scenarios have been proposed for boron to play a critical role in the stabilization of ribose and other sugars in the ribonucleic acid (RNA) World, >3.8 Ga ago. One scenario envisages oligomeric RNA being synthesized in subaerial intermountane desert valleys in which groundwater was enriched in borate from breakdown of tourmaline (Benner et al. 2012 doi: 10.1021/ar200332w). In the alternative scenario, borates are enriched in hydrothermal environments (<150°C) in oceanic crust where ferromagnesian minerals are altered to brucite, serpentine and other minerals that can extract borate from the circulating seawater (Holm et al. 2006 doi:10.1186/1467-4866-7-7). Both scenarios presume that (1) B concentrations in non-marine water or sea water were about the same at >3.8 Ma as they are today and (2) plate tectonics was the prevailing regime. The postulated non-marine borate deposits would have been associated with continental collision and subduction with volcanism releasing B, whereas in the second scenario, ocean floor caught up in an early phase of subduction is considered a favorable site for borate formation. Because borate deposits are typically ephemeral and poorly preserved, the lack of evidence in the geologic record for these scenarios does not invalidate them. For example, the oldest reported non-marine borate deposits analogous to the type postulated in first scenario are only 20 Ma, but metamorphosed borates of Precambrian age have been interpreted to have non-marine evaporite precursors, the oldest being 2.4-2.1 Ga in the Liaoning-Jilin area, China. The first B minerals so far reported in the geologic record are metamorphic dravite-schorl tourmalines in the 3.7-3.8 Ga Isua supracrustal belt (southern West Greenland), where there is good evidence for seafloor spreading and subduction. The precursors to the Isua tourmalines are reported to include B-bearing marine clay minerals and detrital tourmaline. The relatively high Li contents in zircon from Jack Hills, Australia, have been cited as evidence for the presence of granitic (s. l.) "protocontinental" crust by 4.3 Ga (Ushikuba et al. 2008 doi:10.1016/j.epsl.2008.05.032; Valley et al. 2010 Rec Geol Surv W Aust, 5-7), but the existence of conventional plate tectonics prior to 3.8 Ga remains controversial. Chaussidon & Appel (1997 Chem Geol 136, 171-180) concluded that boron isotope compositions (δ11B) of tourmaline from Isua volcaniclastic rocks provide no evidence for changes of δ11B in the mantle or continental crust between now and 3.8 Ga, whereas the very light B (δ11B = -20‰) in tourmaline from Isua metachert could indicate that seawater δ11B was at least 10‰ less at 3.8 Ga than now and that there was proportionally less B in sediments at 3.8 Ga, i.e., fractionation of B between depleted mantle, oceans, continental crust and oceanic crust was still in progress (Chaussidon & Albarède 1992, EPSL 108, 229-241). If fractionation and outgassing of boron had not proceeded very far during the RNA World, neither of the proposed scenarios of borate enrichment is plausible, particularly in the absence of a conventional plate tectonics regime.

Preliminary test of two stump surface protectants against Fomes annosus.

Treesearch

E.E. Nelson; C.Y. Li

1980-01-01

Two materials, monolaurin (at two concentrations) and an unidentified species of the genus Streptomyces, were tested along with borax for ability to protect freshly cut stump surfaces of western hemlock (Tsuga heterophylla (Raf.) Sarg.) from colonization by Fomes annosus. Protectants were significantly (P...

40 CFR 415.276 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS). 415.276 Section 415.276 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production...

40 CFR 415.276 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2013-07-01 2012-07-01 true Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS). 415.276 Section 415.276 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production...

40 CFR 415.276 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS). 415.276 Section 415.276 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production...

40 CFR 415.276 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 29 2014-07-01 2012-07-01 true Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS). 415.276 Section 415.276 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production...

40 CFR 415.276 - Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 28 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Pretreatment standards for new sources (PSNS). 415.276 Section 415.276 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) EFFLUENT GUIDELINES AND STANDARDS INORGANIC CHEMICALS MANUFACTURING POINT SOURCE CATEGORY Borax Production...

ED07-0139-08

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-23

NASA's Ikhana unmanned science demonstration aircraft over the U.S. Borax mine, Boron, California, near the Dryden/Edwards Air Force Base complex. NASA took possession of the new aircraft in November, 2006, and it arrived at the NASA center at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., on June 23, 2007.

SLC4A11 Prevents Osmotic Imbalance Leading to Corneal Endothelial Dystrophy, Deafness, and Polyuria*

PubMed Central

Gröger, Nicole; Fröhlich, Henning; Maier, Hannes; Olbrich, Andrea; Kostin, Sawa; Braun, Thomas; Boettger, Thomas

2010-01-01

Maintenance of ion concentration gradients is essential for the function of many organs, including the kidney, the cornea, and the inner ear. Ion concentrations and fluid content in the cornea are regulated by endothelial cells that separate the collagenous avascular corneal stroma from the anterior eye chamber. Failure to maintain correct ion concentrations leads to swelling and destruction of the cornea. In the inner ear, the stria vascularis is responsible for generating proper ion concentrations in the endolymph, which is essential for hearing. Mutations of SLC4A11 in humans lead to syndromes associated with corneal dystrophy and perceptive deafness. The molecular mechanisms underlying these symptoms are poorly understood, impeding therapeutic interventions. The ion transporter SLC4A11 mediates sodium-dependent transport of borate as well as flux of sodium and hydroxyl ions in vitro. Here, we show that SLC4A11 is expressed in the endothelial cells of the cornea where it prevents severe morphological changes of the cornea caused by increased sodium chloride concentrations in the stroma. In the inner ear, SLC4A11 is located in fibrocytes underlying the stria vascularis. Loss of SLC4A11 leads to morphological changes in the fibrocytes and deafness. We demonstrate that SLC4A11 is essential for the generation of the endocochlear potential but not for regulation of potassium concentrations in the endolymph. In the kidney, SLC4A11 is expressed in the thin descending limb of Henle loop. SLC4A11 is essential for urinary concentration, suggesting that SLC4A11 participates in the countercurrent multiplication that concentrates urine in the kidney medulla. PMID:20185830

The Use of a Fractional Factorial Design to Determine the Factors That Impact 1,3-Propanediol Production from Glycerol by Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans.

PubMed

Kalia, Shivani; Trager, Jordan; Sitton, Oliver C; Mormile, Melanie R

2016-08-20

In recent years, biodiesel, a substitute for fossil fuels, has led to the excessive production of crude glycerol. The resulting crude glycerol can possess a high concentration of salts and an alkaline pH. Moreover, current crude glycerol purification methods are expensive, rendering this former commodity a waste product. However, Halanaerobium hydrogeniformans, a haloalkaliphilic bacterium, possesses the metabolic capability to convert glycerol into 1,3-propanediol, a valuable commodity compound, without the need for salt dilution or adjusting pH when grown on this waste. Experiments were performed with different combinations of 24 medium components to determine their impact on the production of 1,3-propanediol by using a fractional factorial design. Tested medium components were selected based on data from the organism's genome. Analysis of HPLC data revealed enhanced production of 1,3-propanediol with additional glycerol, pH, vitamin B12, ammonium ions, sodium sulfide, cysteine, iron, and cobalt. However, other selected components; nitrate ions, phosphate ions, sulfate ions, sodium:potassium ratio, chloride, calcium, magnesium, silicon, manganese, zinc, borate, nickel, molybdenum, tungstate, copper and aluminum, did not enhance 1,3-propanediol production. The use of a fractional factorial design enabled the quick and efficient assessment of the impact of 24 different medium components on 1,3-propanediol production from glycerol from a haloalkaliphilic bacterium.

Boiling water neutronic reactor incorporating a process inherent safety design

DOEpatents

Forsberg, Charles W.

1987-01-01

A boiling-water reactor core is positioned within a prestressed concrete reactor vessel of a size which will hold a supply of coolant water sufficient to submerge and cool the reactor core by boiling for a period of at least one week after shutdown. Separate volumes of hot, clean (non-borated) water for cooling during normal operation and cool highly borated water for emergency cooling and reactor shutdown are separated by an insulated wall during normal reactor operation with contact between the two water volumes being maintained at interfaces near the top and bottom ends of the reactor vessel. Means are provided for balancing the pressure of the two volumes at the lower interface zone during normal operation to prevent entry of the cool borated water into the reactor core region, for detecting the onset of excessive power to coolant flow conditions in the reactor core and for detecting low water levels of reactor coolant. Cool borated water is permitted to flow into the reactor core when low reactor coolant levels or excessive power to coolant flow conditions are encountered.

Preparation and characterization of magnesium borate for special glass

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dou, Lishuang; Zhong, Jianchu; Wang, Hongzhi

2010-05-01

Magnesium borate with a variety of B2O3/MgO molar ratios, which can be applied for special glass, has been prepared through the reaction of light-burned magnesia with boric acid by a hydrothermal method. The effects of the B2O3/MgO molar ratio of raw materials, reaction time, temperature and liquid to solid ratio (ml g-1) on the synthetic product are investigated. The XRD and TG-DTG analyses indicate that the prepared magnesium borate is a mixture of magnesium hexaborate hydrate and ascharite. The results show that high B2O3/MgO molar ratios of raw materials and low reaction liquid-solid ratios favour the product with a high B2O3/MgO molar ratio and vice versa. There exists free MgO in the product when the reaction temperature is below 140 °C or the reaction time is not enough, because of the incomplete reaction of magnesium oxide with boric acid. The process of fractional crystallization for the magnesium borate mixture is also discussed.

Advanced shield development for a fission surface power system for the lunar surface

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

A. E. Craft; I. J. Silver; C. M. Clark

A nuclear reactor power system such as the affordable fission surface power system enables a potential outpostonthemoon.Aradiation shieldmustbe included in the reactor system to reduce the otherwise excessive dose to the astronauts and other vital system components. The radiation shield is typically the most massive component of a space reactor system, and thus must be optimized to reduce mass asmuchas possible while still providing the required protection.Various shield options for an on-lander reactor system are examined for outpost distances of 400m and 1 kmfromthe reactor. Also investigated is the resulting mass savings from the use of a high performance cermetmore » fuel. A thermal analysis is performed to determine the thermal behaviours of radiation shields using borated water. For an outpost located 1000m from the core, a tetramethylammonium borohydride shield is the lightest (5148.4 kg), followed by a trilayer shield (boron carbide–tungsten–borated water; 5832.3 kg), and finally a borated water shield (6020.7 kg). In all of the final design cases, the temperature of the borated water remains below 400 K.« less

Silica-Based and Borate-Based, Titania-Containing Bioactive Coatings Characterization: Critical Strain Energy Release Rate, Residual Stresses, Hardness, and Thermal Expansion.

PubMed

Rodriguez, Omar; Matinmanesh, Ali; Phull, Sunjeev; Schemitsch, Emil H; Zalzal, Paul; Clarkin, Owen M; Papini, Marcello; Towler, Mark R

2016-12-01

Silica-based and borate-based glass series, with increasing amounts of TiO₂ incorporated, are characterized in terms of their mechanical properties relevant to their use as metallic coating materials. It is observed that borate-based glasses exhibit CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) closer to the substrate's (Ti6Al4V) CTE, translating into higher mode I critical strain energy release rates of glasses and compressive residual stresses and strains at the coating/substrate interface, outperforming the silica-based glasses counterparts. An increase in the content of TiO₂ in the glasses results in an increase in the mode I critical strain energy release rate for both the bulk glass and for the coating/substrate system, proving that the addition of TiO₂ to the glass structure enhances its toughness, while decreasing its bulk hardness. Borate-based glass BRT3, with 15 mol % TiO₂ incorporated, exhibits superior properties overall compared to the other proposed glasses in this work, as well as 45S5 Bioglass ® and Pyrex.

Silica-Based and Borate-Based, Titania-Containing Bioactive Coatings Characterization: Critical Strain Energy Release Rate, Residual Stresses, Hardness, and Thermal Expansion

PubMed Central

Rodriguez, Omar; Matinmanesh, Ali; Phull, Sunjeev; Schemitsch, Emil H.; Zalzal, Paul; Clarkin, Owen M.; Papini, Marcello; Towler, Mark R.

2016-01-01

Silica-based and borate-based glass series, with increasing amounts of TiO2 incorporated, are characterized in terms of their mechanical properties relevant to their use as metallic coating materials. It is observed that borate-based glasses exhibit CTE (Coefficient of Thermal Expansion) closer to the substrate’s (Ti6Al4V) CTE, translating into higher mode I critical strain energy release rates of glasses and compressive residual stresses and strains at the coating/substrate interface, outperforming the silica-based glasses counterparts. An increase in the content of TiO2 in the glasses results in an increase in the mode I critical strain energy release rate for both the bulk glass and for the coating/substrate system, proving that the addition of TiO2 to the glass structure enhances its toughness, while decreasing its bulk hardness. Borate-based glass BRT3, with 15 mol % TiO2 incorporated, exhibits superior properties overall compared to the other proposed glasses in this work, as well as 45S5 Bioglass® and Pyrex. PMID:27916951

Reactivity of cyclopentadienyl transition metal(ii) complexes with borate ligands: structural characterization of the toluene-activated molybdenum complex [Cp*Mo(CO)2(η3-CH2C6H5)].

PubMed

Ramalakshmi, Rongala; Maheswari, K; Sharmila, Dudekula; Paul, Anamika; Roisnel, Thierry; Halet, Jean-François; Ghosh, Sundargopal

2016-10-18

Reactions of cyclopentadienyl transition-metal halide complexes [Cp*Mo(CO) 3 Cl], 1, and [CpFe(CO) 2 I], 2, (Cp = C 5 H 5 ; Cp* = η 5 -C 5 Me 5 ) with borate ligands are reported. Treatment of 1 with [NaBt 2 ] (Bt 2 = dihydrobis(2-mercapto-benzothiazolyl)borate) in toluene yielded [Cp*Mo(CO) 2 (C 7 H 4 S 2 N)], 3, and [Cp*Mo(CO) 2 (η 3 -CH 2 C 6 H 5 )], 4, with a selective binding of toluene through C-H activation followed by orthometallation. Note that compound 4 is a structurally characterized toluene-activated molecule in which the metal is in η 3 -coordination mode. Under similar reaction conditions, [NaPy 2 ] (Py 2 = dihydrobis(2-mercaptopyridyl)borate) produced only the mercaptopyridyl molybdenum complex [Cp*Mo(CO) 2 (C 5 H 4 SN)], 5, in good yield. On the other hand, when compound 2 was treated individually with [NaBt] (Bt = trihydro(2-mercapto-benzothiazolyl)borate) and [NaPy 2 ] in THF, formation of the η 1 -coordinated complexes [CpFe(CO) 2 (C 7 H 4 S 2 N)], 6, and [CpFe(CO) 2 (C 5 H 4 SN)], 7, was observed. The solid-state molecular structures of compounds 3, 4, 6, and 7 have been established by single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analyses.

Relationship between Eu{sup 3+} reduction and glass polymeric structure in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-modified borate glasses under air atmosphere

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Jiao, Qing; Yu, Xue; Xu, Xuhui

2013-06-15

The reduction of Eu{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 2+} is realized efficiently in Eu{sub 2}O{sub 3}-doped borate glasses prepared under air condition by melting-quenching method. Luminescent spectra show an increasing tendency of Eu{sup 2+} emission with increasing Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration in B{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Na{sub 2}O glasses. It is interesting that significant enhancement appeared of Eu{sup 2+} luminescence in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-rich sample comparing to the samples of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} less than 6 mol%. FTIR and Raman scattering measurements indicated that some new vibration modes assigned to the low-polymerized structure groups decomposed from the slight Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} dopantmore » samples. These results demonstrated that the polymerization of the glass structure decreased with increasing incorporation of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} into the borate glasses, linking to the efficiency of Eu{sup 3+} self-reduction in air at high temperature. - graphical abstract: A novel europium valence reduction phenomenon occurred in Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} modified borate glasses, FTIR and Raman measurements revealed that high polymeric groups were destroyed to low polymery structures with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} addition. - Highlights: • The efficient reduction of Eu{sup 3+} to Eu{sup 2+} is observed in the B{sub 2}O{sub 3}–Na{sub 2}O glasses. • Eu{sup 2+} luminescence is significant enhanced in the Al{sub 2}O{sub 3}-rich glasses. • The introduction of Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} changed the network structure of the borate glasses. • High polymeric borate groups in the glass matrix may be destroyed to the lower ones.« less

ED07-0139-05

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-06-23

NASA's Ikhana unmanned science demonstration aircraft over the U.S. Borax mine, Boron, California, near the Dryden/Edwards Air Force Base complex. NASA took possession of the new aircraft in November, 2006, and it arrived at the NASA Dryden Flight Research Center at Edwards AFB, Calif., on June 23, 2007.

Spectroscopic properties of some borate glasses containg uranium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Culea, E.; Milea, I.; Bratu, I.

1993-03-01

Spectroscopic properties of some borate glasses containing 1-5%UO 3 have been studied in the fields of 700-1200 cm -1 and 10,000-30,000 cm -1 Absorption bands specific for U 6+ and U 4+ ions were observed. The increase of the melting time produces the reduction of U 6+ ions to U 4+.

CADMIUM-RARE EARTH BORATE GLASS AS REACTOR CONTROL MATERIAL

DOEpatents

Ploetz, G.L.; Ray, W.E.

1958-11-01

A reactor control rod fabricated from a cadmiumrare earth-borate glass is presented. The rare earth component of this glass is selected from among those rare earths having large neutron capture cross sections, such as samarium, gadolinium or europium. Partlcles of this glass are then dispersed in a metal matrix by standard powder metallurgy techniques.

N-Alkyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium Difluoro(oxalato)borate Ionic Liquids: Physical/Electrochemical Properties and Al Corrosion

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

U.S. Army Research Laboratory, Adelphi, MD 20783, USA The synthesis and physical properties of difluoro(oxalato) borate (DFOB-)-based ionic...have a melting point (Tm) of -5°C and 31°C, respectively, whereas the PY15DFOB salt does not crystallize. Instead, this salt has a glass transition

Infrared-to-visible conversion luminescence of Er 3+ ions in lead borate transparent glass-ceramics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pisarski, Wojciech A.; Pisarska, Joanna; Lisiecki, Radosław; Grobelny, Łukasz; Dominiak-Dzik, Grażyna; Ryba-Romanowski, Witold

2009-10-01

Transparent glass-ceramics were successfully prepared during controlled heat treatment of lead borate glasses. The PbF 2 particles were dispersed into a borate glass matrix which was evidenced by X-ray diffraction analysis. The phase identification revealed that crystalline peaks can be related to the orthorhombic PbF 2 phase. Green up-conversion luminescence due to the 4S 3/2- 4I 15/2 transition of Er 3+ ions was registered. In comparison to the precursor glass the luminescence intensity was considerably higher, whereas the luminescence linewidth slightly decreased in the studied oxyfluoride transparent glass-ceramics. It indicated that a part of the trivalent erbium was incorporated into the PbF 2 crystalline phase.

Framework influence of erbium doped oxyfluoride glasses on their optical properties

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Środa, Marcin; Cholewa-Kowalska, Katarzyna; Różański, Marek; Nocuń, Marek

2011-01-01

Glasses of different matrix (phosphate, borate, silicate and lead-silicate) were studied for their optical properties. The effect of Er dopant on transmittance and luminescence properties was presented. The significant “red shift” and “blue shift” of UV edge absorption were discussed based on the changes in the framework of the borate and phosphate glasses, respectively. It was showed that the integral intensity of the two main optical absorption transitions monotonically increases with the order: phosphate < borate < silicate < lead-silicate. Ellipsometric measurement was applied to obtain the refractive index of the glasses. The correlation between the shift of edge absorption and the change of refractive index was presented. Effect of glassy matrix on luminescence of Er3+ was discussed.

Femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhardwaj, V. R.; Simova, E.; Corkum, P. B.; Rayner, D. M.; Hnatovsky, C.; Taylor, R. S.; Schreder, B.; Kluge, M.; Zimmer, J.

2005-04-01

We present a comprehensive study on femtosecond laser-induced refractive index modification in a wide variety of multicomponent glasses grouped as borosilicate, aluminum-silicate, and heavy-metal oxide glasses along with lanthanum-borate and sodium-phosphate glasses. By using high-spatial resolution refractive index profiling techniques, we demonstrate that under a wide range of writing conditions the refractive index modification in multicomponent glasses can be positive, negative, or nonuniform, and exhibits a strong dependence on the glass composition. With the exception of some aluminum-silicate glasses all other glasses exhibited a negative/nonuniform index change. We also demonstrate direct writing of waveguides in photosensitive Foturan® glass with a femtosecond laser without initiating crystallization by thermal treatment. Upon ceramization of lithium-aluminum-silicate glasses such as Foturan®, Zerodur®, and Robax® we observe switching of laser-induced refractive index change from being positive to negative. The measured transmission losses in the waveguides at 1550nm agree with the index profile measurements in alkali-free aluminum-silicate glasses.

Characterization of Barium Borate Frameworks Using Raman Spectroscopy.

PubMed

Gharavi-Naeini, Jafar; Yoo, Kyung W; Stump, Nathan A

2018-04-01

Systematic micro-Raman scattering investigations have been carried out on Sm +2 doped 2(BaO)-n(B 2 O 3 ) matrices for n = 4, 5, 8, and 2(BaO)-(Na 2 O)-9(B 2 O 3 ) using the 364 nm excitation of an Ar + laser. The Raman results have been compared with the known structures of barium tetraborate, barium pentaborate, barium octaborate, and barium sodium nonaborate. An excellent correlation has been found between the BO 4 /BO 3 composition ratios for each product and intensity ratios of the designated BO 4 and BO 3 Raman peaks. Furthermore, the Raman frequencies of both BO 4 and BO 3 groups undergo a systematic blueshift as n increases from four to nine. The shift results from a decrease of the B-O bond lengths for both BO 4 and BO 3 groups as the samples transition from the tetraborate to nonaborate structures. Linear relations (with negative slopes) have been determined between the measured Raman frequencies and B-O bond lengths in the frameworks.

Development and validation of an MEKC method for determination of nitrogen-containing drugs in pharmaceutical preparations.

PubMed

Buiarelli, Francesca; Coccioli, Franco; Jasionowska, Renata; Terracciano, Alessandro

2008-09-01

A fast and accurate micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography method was developed for quality control of pharmaceutical preparations containing cold remedies as acetaminophen, salicylamide, caffeine, phenylephrine, pseudoephedrine, norephedrine and chlorpheniramine. The method optimization was realized on a Beckman P/ACE System MDQ instrument. The baseline separation of seven analytes was performed in an uncoated fused silica capillary internal diameter (ID)=50 microm using tris-borate (20 mM, pH=8.5) containing sodium dodecyl sulphate 30 mM BGE. On line-UV detection at 214 nm was performed and the applied voltage was 10 kV. The operating temperature was 25 degrees C. After experimental conditions optimization, the proposed method was validated. The evaluated parameters were: precision of migration time and of corrected peak area ratio, linearity range, limit of detection, limit of quantification, accuracy (recovery), ruggedness and applicability. The method was then successfully applied for the analysis of three pharmaceutical preparations containing some of the analytes listed before.

Modern bioanalysis of proteins by electrophoretic techniques.

PubMed

Krizkova, Sona; Ryvolova, Marketa; Masarik, Michal; Zitka, Ondrej; Adam, Vojtech; Hubalek, Jaromir; Eckschlager, Tomas; Kizek, Rene

2014-01-01

In 1957, protein rich in cysteine able to bind cadmium was isolated from horse kidney and named as metallothionein according to its structural properties. Further, this protein and metallothionein-like proteins have been found in tissues of other animal species, yeasts, fungi and plants. MT is as a potential cancer marker in the focus of interest, and its properties, functions, and behavior under various conditions are intensively studied. Our protocol describes separation of two major mammalian isoforms of MT (MT-1 and MT-2) using capillary electrophoresis (CE) coupled with UV detector. This protocol enables separation of MT isoforms and studying of their basic behavior as well as their quantification with detection limit in units of ng per μL. Sodium borate buffer (20 mM, pH 9.5) was optimized as a background electrolyte, and the separation was carried out in fused silica capillary with internal diameter of 75 μm and electric field intensity of 350 V/cm. Optimal detection wavelength was 254 nm.

Determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid in apple extracts by capillary electrophoresis with laser-induced fluorescence detection.

PubMed

Liu, Xin; Li, Dian-Fan; Wang, Yun; Lu, Ying-Tang

2004-12-17

A rapid and sensitive method for the determination of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) in apple tissues has been described. This method is based on the derivatization of ACC with 3-(2-furoyl)quinoline-2-carboxaldehyde (FQ), and separation and quantification of the resulting FQ-ACC derivative by capillary electrophoresis coupled to laser-induced fluorescence detection (CE-LIF). Our results indicated that ACC derivatized with FQ could be well separated from other interfering amino acids using 20 mM borate buffer (pH 9.35) containing 40 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate and 10 mM Brij 35. The linearity of ACC was determined in the range from 0.05 to 5 microM with a correlation of 0.9967. The concentration detection limit for ACC was 10 nM (signal-to-noise = 3). The sensitivity and selectivity of this described method allows the analysis of ACC in crude apple extracts without extra purification and enrichment procedure.

Bio-Based Artificial Nacre with Excellent Mechanical and Barrier Properties Realized by a Facile In Situ Reduction and Cross-Linking Reaction.

PubMed

Shahzadi, Kiran; Mohsin, Imran; Wu, Lin; Ge, Xuesong; Jiang, Yijun; Li, Hui; Mu, Xindong

2017-01-24

Demands for high strength integrated materials have substantially increased across various kinds of industries. Inspired by the relationship of excellent integration of mechanical properties and hierarchical nano/microscale structure of the natural nacre, a simple and facile method to fabricate high strength integrated artificial nacre based on sodium carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) and borate cross-linked graphene oxide (GO) sheets has been developed. The tensile strength and toughness of cellulose-based hybrid material reached 480.5 ± 13.1 MPa and 11.8 ± 0.4 MJm -3 by a facile in situ reduction and cross-linking reaction between CMC and GO (0.7%), which are 3.55 and 6.55 times that of natural nacre. This hybrid film exhibits better thermal stability and flame retardancy. More interestingly, the hybrid material showed good water stability compared to that in the original water-soluble CMC. This type of hybrid has great potential applications in aerospace, artificial muscle, and tissue engineering.

Unravelling the nanostructure of strawberry fruit pectins by endo-polygalacturonase digestion and atomic force microscopy.

PubMed

Paniagua, Candelas; Kirby, Andrew R; Gunning, A Patrick; Morris, Victor J; Matas, Antonio J; Quesada, Miguel A; Mercado, José A

2017-06-01

Pectins analysed by AFM are visualized as individual chains, branched or unbranched, and aggregates. To investigate the nature of these structures, sodium carbonate soluble pectins from strawberry fruits were digested with endo-polygalacturonase M2 from Aspergillus aculeatus and visualized by AFM. A gradual decrease in the length of chains was observed as result of the treatment, reaching a minimum L N value of 22nm. The branches were not visible after 2h of enzymatic incubation. The size of complexes also diminished significantly with the enzymatic digestion. A treatment to hydrolyse rhamnogalacturonan II borate diester bonds neither affected chains length or branching nor complex size but reduced the density of aggregates. These results suggest that chains are formed by a mixture of homogalacturonan and more complex molecules composed by a homogalacturonan unit linked to an endo-PG resistant unit. Homogalacturonan is a structural component of the complexes and rhamnogalacturonan II could be involved in their formation. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Borax and Octabor Treatment of Stored Swine Manure: Reduction in Hydrogen Sulfide Emissions and Phytotoxicity to Agronomic Crops

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Gaseous emissions from stored manure have become environmental and health issues for humans and animals as the livestock industry becomes specialized and concentrated. Of particular concern is hydrogen sulfide, which is being targeted for regulatory control in concentrated animal farm operations. ...

Experimental Study and Reactive Transport Modeling of Boric Acid Leaching of Concrete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pabalan, R. T.; Chiang, K.-T. K.

2013-07-01

Borated water leakage through spent fuel pools (SFPs) at pressurized water reactors is a concern because it could cause corrosion of reinforcement steel in the concrete structure, compromise the integrity of the structure, or cause unmonitored releases of contaminated water to the environment. Experimental data indicate that pH is a critical parameter that determines the corrosion susceptibility of rebar in borated water and the degree of concrete degradation by boric acid leaching. In this study, reactive transport modeling of concrete leaching by borated water was performed to provide information on the solution pH in the concrete crack or matrix and the degree of concrete degradation at different locations of an SFP concrete structure exposed to borated water. Simulations up to 100 years were performed using different boric acid concentrations, crack apertures, and solution flow rates. Concrete cylinders were immersed in boric acid solutions for several months and the mineralogical changes and boric acid penetration in the concrete cylinder were evaluated as a function of time. The depths of concrete leaching by boric acid solution derived from the reactive transport simulations were compared with the measured boric acid penetration depth.

Dosimetric properties of dysprosium doped calcium magnesium borate glass subjected to Co-60 gamma ray

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Omar, R. S., E-mail: ratnasuffhiyanni@gmail.com; Wagiran, H., E-mail: husin@utm.my; Saeed, M. A.

Thermoluminescence (TL) dosimetric properties of dysprosium doped calcium magnesium borate (CMB:Dy) glass are presented. This study is deemed to understand the application of calcium as the modifier in magnesium borate glass with the presence of dysprosium as the activator to be performed as TL dosimeter (TLD). The study provides fundamental knowledge of a glass system that may lead to perform new TL glass dosimetry application in future research. Calcium magnesium borate glass systems of (70-y) B{sub 2}O{sub 3} − 20 CaO – 10 MgO-(y) Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} with 0.05  mol % ≤ y ≤ 0.7  mol % of dyprosium weremore » prepared by melt-quenching technique. The amorphous structure and TL properties of the prepared samples were determined using powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) and TL reader; model Harshaw 4500 respectively. The samples were irradiated to Co-60 gamma source at a dose of 50 Gy. Dosimetric properties such as annealing procedure, time temperature profile (TTP) setting, optimization of Dy{sub 2}O{sub 3} concentration of 0.5 mol % were determined for thermoluminescence dosimeter (TLD) reader used.« less

Thermoluminescent properties of rare earth doped lithium strontium borate phosphors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jakathamani, S.; Annalakshmi, O.; Jose, M. T.

2018-04-01

Thermoluminescence (TL) of borates is remarkable in the field of radiation dosimetry because they can detect both neutron and gamma radiations. Usually, the TL efficiency of pure borates is low and hence dopants have to be added to increase their TL output. Their sensitivity and thermal stability vary widely and depend strongly on the preparation method. In this study polycrystalline powders of different rare earth doped thermoluminescent phosphors of Lithium Strontium borate (LSB) were synthesized by solid state sintering technique. Among the different rare earth dopants, the phosphor doped with cerium was found to have a simple glow curve structure with a dosimetric peak at around 265°C for a heating rate of 5°C/s. In order to study the effect of dopant on the TL characteristics, LSB phosphor with different concentrations of Ce dopant was synthesized and the TL intensity was found to be maximum for a dopant concentration of 0.7 mol%. All other important dosimetric characteristics like dose response and fading were carried out for the LSB:Ce (0.7 mol%) phosphor. Kinetic parameters like trap depth and frequency factor were determined using Peak shape method from Chen's equation.

Evaluation of borate bioactive glass scaffolds with different pore sizes in a rat subcutaneous implantation model.

PubMed

Deliormanli, Aylin M; Liu, Xin; Rahaman, Mohamed N

2014-01-01

Borate bioactive glass has been shown to convert faster and more completely to hydroxyapatite and enhance new bone formation in vivo when compared to silicate bioactive glass (such as 45S5 and 13-93 bioactive glass). In this work, the effects of the borate glass microstructure on its conversion to hydroxyapatite (HA) in vitro and its ability to support tissue ingrowth in a rat subcutaneous implantation model were investigated. Bioactive borate glass scaffolds, designated 13-93B3, with a grid-like microstructure and pore widths of 300, 600, and 900 µm were prepared by a robocasting technique. The scaffolds were implanted subcutaneously for 4 weeks in Sprague Dawley rats. Silicate 13-93 glass scaffolds with the same microstructure were used as the control. The conversion of the scaffolds to HA was studied as a function of immersion time in a simulated body fluid. Histology and scanning electron microscopy were used to evaluate conversion of the bioactive glass implants to hydroxyapatite, as well as tissue ingrowth and blood vessel formation in the implants. The pore size of the scaffolds was found to have little effect on tissue infiltration and angiogenesis after the 4-week implantation.

Uranium Hydridoborates: Synthesis, Magnetism, and X-ray/Neutron Diffraction Structures.

PubMed

Braunschweig, H; Gackstatter, A; Kupfer, T; Radacki, K; Franke, S; Meyer, K; Fucke, K; Lemée-Cailleau, M-H

2015-08-17

While uranium hydridoborate complexes containing the [BH4](-) moiety have been well-known in the literature for many years, species with functionalized borate centers remained considerably rare. We were now able to prepare several uranium hydridoborates (1-4) with amino-substituted borate moieties with high selectivity by smooth reaction of [Cp*2UMe2] (Cp* = C5Me5) and [Cp'2UMe2] (Cp' = 1,2,4-tBu3C5H2) with the aminoborane H2BN(SiMe3)2. A combination of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, deuteration experiments, magnetic SQUID measurements, and X-ray/neutron diffraction studies was used to verify the anticipated molecular structures and oxidation states of 1-4 and helped to establish a linear tridentate coordination mode of the borate anions.

Investigation of Mechanistic Pathway for Trimethyl Borate Mediated Amidation of (R)-Mandelic Acid for the Synthesis of Mirabegron, an Antimuscarinic Agent.

PubMed

Deshmukh, Dattatray G; Bangal, Mukund N; Patekar, Mukunda R; Medhane, Vijay J; Mathad, Vijayavitthal Thippannachar

2018-03-01

The present work describes investigation of mechanistic pathway for trimethyl borate mediated amidation of (R)-mandelic acid (3) with 4-nitophenylethylamine (2) to provide (R)-2-hydroxy-N-[2-(4-nitrophenyl)ethyl]-2-phenylacetamide (4) during mirabegron synthesis. Plausible reaction mechanism is proposed by isolating and elucidating the active α-hydroxy ester intermediate 16 from the reaction mass. Trimethyl borate mediated approach proved to be selective in providing 4 without disturbing α-hydroxyl group and stereochemistry of the chiral center, and is also a greener, more economic and production friendly over the reported methods. The developed approach is rapid and efficient for the preparation of 4 with an overall yield of 85-87% and around 99.0% purity by HPLC at scale.

FTIR of binary lead borate glass: Structural investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Othman, H. A.; Elkholy, H. S.; Hager, I. Z.

2016-02-01

The glass samples were prepared according to the following formula: (100-x) B2O3 - x PbO, where x = 20-80 mol% by melt quenching method. The density of the prepared samples was measured and molar volume was calculated. IR spectra were measured for the prepared samples to investigate the glass structure. The IR spectra were deconvoluted using curves of Gaussian shape at approximately the same frequencies. The deconvoluted data were used to study the effect of PbO content on all the structural borate groups. Some structural parameters such as density, packing density, bond length and bond force constant were theoretically calculated and were compared to the obtained experimental results. Deviation between the experimental and theoretically calculated parameters reflects the dual role of PbO content on the network of borate glass.

Visible luminescence of dysprosium ions in oxyhalide lead borate glasses.

PubMed

Pisarska, Joanna; Żur, Lidia; Pisarski, Wojciech A

2011-08-15

Visible luminescence of Dy(3+) ions in oxyhalide lead borate glasses was examined. Luminescence spectra show two intense bands at 480 nm and 573 nm due to (4)F(9/2)→(6)H(15/2) (blue) and (4)F(9/2)→(6)H(13/2) (yellow) transitions of Dy(3+). Luminescence decays from (4)F(9/2) state and yellow-to-blue luminescence intensity ratios (Y/B) were analysed with PbX(2) (X=F, Cl) content. An introduction of PbX(2) to the borate glass results in the increasing of (4)F(9/2) lifetime and the decreasing of yellow-to-blue luminescence intensity ratio, which is due to reduction of covalency between Dy(3+) and O(2-)/X(-) ions. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Gelation of Polyvinyl Alcohol with Borax: A Novel Class Participation Experiment Involving the Preparation and Properties of a "Slime."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Casassa, E. Z.; And Others

1986-01-01

Background information, procedures used, and typical results obtained are provided for an experiment in which students prepare and study the characteristics of a "slime." A list of general, inorganic, and polymer chemistry concepts fostered in the experiment is included. (JN)

Borax and octabor treatment of stored swine manure to reduce sulfate reducing bacteria and hydrogen sulfide emissions

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Odorous gas emissions from stored swine manure are becoming serious environmental and health issues as the livestock industry becomes more specialized, concentrated, and industrialized. These nuisance gasses include hydrogen sulfide (H2S), ammonia, and methane, which are produced as a result of ana...

Effect of various fire retardants on surface roughness of plywood

Treesearch

Nadir Ayrilmis; Suleyman Korkut; Ercan Tanritanir; Jerrold E. Winandy; Salim Hiziroglu

2006-01-01

In this study the surface roughness of plywood treated with various fire retardants was investigated. Commercially manufactured veneer of Akaba wood (Tetraberlinia bifoliolata) was treated with borax, boric acid, monoammonium phosphate and diammonium phosphate, then experimental plywood panels were made from these veneer sheets. A stylus method was employed to evaluate...

AMERICAN AIR FILTER KINPACTOR 10 X 56 VENTURI SCRUBBER EVALUATION

EPA Science Inventory

The report gives results of an evaluation of an American Air Filter Kinpactor 10 x 56 venturi scrubber, operating on emissions from a large borax fusing furnace. Average total efficiency was 97.5% during the test period. The venturi was operated at a pressure drop of 110 cm W. C....

Glass ceramics for incinerator ash immobilization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Malinina, G. A.; Stefanovsky, O. I.; Stefanovsky, S. V.

2011-09-01

Calcined solid radioactive waste (incinerator slag) surrogate and either Na 2Si 2O 5 or Na 2B 4O 7 (borax) at various mass ratios were melted in silicon carbide crucibles in a resistive furnace at temperatures of up to 1775 K (slag without additives). Portions of the melts were poured onto a metal plate; the residues were slowly cooled in turned-off furnace. Both quenched and slowly cooled materials were composed of the same phases. At high slag contents in silicate-based materials nepheline and britholite were found to be major phases. Britholite formed at higher slag content (85 wt.%) became major phase in the vitrified slag. In the system with borax at low slag contents (25 and 50 wt.%) material are composed of predominant vitreous and minor calcium silicate larnite type phase Ca 2SiO 4 where Ca 2+ ions are replaced by different cations. The materials containing slag in amount of 75 wt.% and more are chemically durable. The changes in the structure of anionic motif of quenched samples depending on slag loading were studied by IR spectroscopy.

Swelling and tensile properties of starch glycerol system with various crosslinking agents

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mohamed, R.; Mohd, N.; Nurazzi, N.; Siti Aisyah, M. I.; Fauzi, F. Mohd

2017-07-01

Brittle properties of starch had been overcome by the modification process. In this work, sago starch is being modified with variable amount of plasticiser, namely glycerol at 20 and 40% and crosslinking agent had been added to the system. The film of the modification and characterizations of the starch glycerol system with various crosslinking systems were produced by casting method. The film properties of the starch glycerol system were then characterized by tensile strength (mechanical properties) and swelling (physical properties). The modification of the starch glycerol had improved that system by increasing the tensile strength, modulus however lowering its elongation. The increasing in percentage of the water absorption and also swelling are due to the intrinsic hydroxyl groups presence from the starch and glycerol itself that can attract more water to the system. Upon crosslinking, films casted with chemicals namely, glyoxal, malonic acid, borax, PEG were characterised. It was found that, all the film of sago starch crosslinked and undergoing easy film formation. From this modification, borax and malonic acid crosslinking agent had been determined as the best crosslinking agent to the starch glycerol system.

Open-framework gallium borate with boric and metaboric acid molecules inside structural channels showing photocatalysis to water splitting.

PubMed

Gao, Wenliang; Jing, Yan; Yang, Jia; Zhou, Zhengyang; Yang, Dingfeng; Sun, Junliang; Lin, Jianhua; Cong, Rihong; Yang, Tao

2014-03-03

An open-framework gallium borate with intrinsic photocatalytic activities to water splitting has been discovered. Small inorganic molecules, H3BO3 and H3B3O6, are confined inside structural channels by multiple hydrogen bonds. It is the first example to experimentally show the structural template effect of boric acid in flux synthesis.

Growth and Evaluation of Nonlinear Optical Crystals for Laser Applications: Lithium Borate, Barium Borate and Silver Gallium Selenide.

DTIC Science & Technology

1994-12-08

communication 2. S. A. Kutovi, V. V. Laptev and S. Yu. Matsnev, " Lanthanum scandoborate as a new highly efficient active medium of solid state lasers," Sov. J...34Noncritical detection of tunable C02 laser radiation into green by upconversion in silver thio- gallate ," Applied Physics B53, 19 (1991). 3. N.-H

Tetrakis(1-imidazolyl) borate (BIM4) based zwitterionic and related molecules used as electron injection layers

DOEpatents

Li, Huaping; Xu, Yunhua; Bazan, Guillermo C

2013-02-05

Tetrakis(1-imidazolyl)borate (BIm4) based zwitterionic and/or related molecules for the fabrication of PLEDs is provided. Device performances with these materials approaches that of devices with Ba/Al cathodes for which the cathode contact is ohmic. Methods of producing such materials, and electron injection layers and devices containing these materials are also provided.

Spectroscopic and ultrasonic investigations on structural characterization of borate glass specimen doped with transition metal ions.

PubMed

Sathish, K; Thirumaran, S

2015-08-05

The present work describes the glass samples of composition (x% V₂O₅-(80-x)% B₂O₃-20% Na₂CO₃) VBS glass system and (x%MnO₂-(80-x)% B₂O₃-20% Na₂CO₃) in MBS glass system with mol% ranging from x=3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 in steps of 3 mol% are prepared by melt quenching technique. For these prepared glass systems, sound velocity (longitudinal and shear velocities) and density have been measured. The sound velocity (longitudinal and shear) was measured by using pulse-echo technique at 5 MHz. The XRD study was carried to out to ascertain the amorphous nature of the glass specimen. Using these measured values, the elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, Debye temperature, acoustic impedance and thermal expansion coefficient of the two glass systems were evaluated. The elastic and mechanical properties of the prepared glass systems are analyzed from ultrasonic study and the structural characterization from spectroscopic study. The effects due to the doping of transition metal ions with borate have been discussed. In the V₂O₅ doped glass system,(VBS glass system) the sound velocity, density and elastic moduli, steeply increases after 12 mol% comparatively with MnO₂ doped glass system (VBS glass system). The present study critically observes the doping of V₂O₅ with borate enhances the strengthening of network linkage and hardening of the glassy network structure than MnO₂. The IR spectral analysis reveals depolymerization of the borate network and conversion of BO₃ or BO4 units with the formation of non-bridging oxygen. The FTIR spectral studies confirm the presence of various functional groups of the sample. FTIR spectrum of sample exhibits broad absorption bands indicating the wide distribution of borate structural units. The effect of Na₂CO₃, V₂O₅ and MnO₂ contents on the structures of borate glass is evaluated from the FTIR spectra. The topological aspects of the prepared glass samples are exhaustively reported from SEM micrographs. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopic and ultrasonic investigations on structural characterization of borate glass specimen doped with transition metal ions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sathish, K.; Thirumaran, S.

2015-08-01

The present work describes the glass samples of composition (x% V2O5-(80-x)% B2O3-20% Na2CO3) VBS glass system and (x% MnO2-(80-x)% B2O3-20% Na2CO3) in MBS glass system with mol% ranging from x = 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 18 in steps of 3 mol% are prepared by melt quenching technique. For these prepared glass systems, sound velocity (longitudinal and shear velocities) and density have been measured. The sound velocity (longitudinal and shear) was measured by using pulse-echo technique at 5 MHz. The XRD study was carried to out to ascertain the amorphous nature of the glass specimen. Using these measured values, the elastic moduli, Poisson's ratio, Debye temperature, acoustic impedance and thermal expansion coefficient of the two glass systems were evaluated. The elastic and mechanical properties of the prepared glass systems are analyzed from ultrasonic study and the structural characterization from spectroscopic study. The effects due to the doping of transition metal ions with borate have been discussed. In the V2O5 doped glass system, (VBS glass system) the sound velocity, density and elastic moduli, steeply increases after 12 mol% comparatively with MnO2 doped glass system (VBS glass system). The present study critically observes the doping of V2O5 with borate enhances the strengthening of network linkage and hardening of the glassy network structure than MnO2. The IR spectral analysis reveals depolymerization of the borate network and conversion of BO3 or BO4 units with the formation of non-bridging oxygen. The FTIR spectral studies confirm the presence of various functional groups of the sample. FTIR spectrum of sample exhibits broad absorption bands indicating the wide distribution of borate structural units. The effect of Na2CO3, V2O5 and MnO2 contents on the structures of borate glass is evaluated from the FTIR spectra. The topological aspects of the prepared glass samples are exhaustively reported from SEM micrographs.

Calibration of the borated ion chamber at NIST reactor thermal column.

PubMed

Wang, Z; Hertel, N E; Lennox, A

2007-01-01

In boron neutron capture therapy and boron neutron capture enhanced fast neutron therapy, the absorbed dose of tissue due to the boron neutron capture reaction is difficult to measure directly. This dose can be computed from the measured thermal neutron fluence rate and the (10)B concentration at the site of interest. A borated tissue-equivalent (TE) ion chamber can be used to directly measure the boron dose in a phantom under irradiation by a neutron beam. Fermilab has two Exradin 0.5 cm(3) Spokas thimble TE ion chambers, one loaded with boron, available for such measurements. At the Fermilab Neutron Therapy Facility, these ion chambers are generally used with air as the filling gas. Since alpha particles and lithium ions from the (10)B(n,alpha)(7)Li reactions have very short ranges in air, the Bragg-Gray principle may not be satisfied for the borated TE ion chamber. A calibration method is described in this paper for the determination of boron capture dose using paired ion chambers. The two TE ion chambers were calibrated in the thermal column of the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) research reactor. The borated TE ion chamber is loaded with 1,000 ppm of natural boron (184 ppm of (10)B). The NIST thermal column has a cadmium ratio of greater than 400 as determined by gold activation. The thermal neutron fluence rate during the calibration was determined using a NIST fission chamber to an accuracy of 5.1%. The chambers were calibrated at two different thermal neutron fluence rates: 5.11 x 10(6) and 4.46 x 10(7)n cm(-2) s(-1). The non-borated ion chamber reading was used to subtract collected charge not due to boron neutron capture reactions. An optically thick lithium slab was used to attenuate the thermal neutrons from the neutron beam port so the responses of the chambers could be corrected for fast neutrons and gamma rays in the beam. The calibration factor of the borated ion chamber was determined to be 1.83 x 10(9) +/- 5.5% (+/- 1sigma) n cm(-2) per nC at standard temperature and pressure condition.

Buoyancy Driven Coolant Mixing Studies of Natural Circulation Flows at the ROCOM Test Facility Using ANSYS CFX

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hohne, Thomas; Kliem, Soren; Rohde, Ulrich

2006-07-01

Coolant mixing in the cold leg, downcomer and the lower plenum of pressurized water reactors is an important phenomenon mitigating the reactivity insertion into the core. Therefore, mixing of the de-borated slugs with the ambient coolant in the reactor pressure vessel was investigated at the four loop 1:5 scaled ROCOM mixing test facility. Thermal hydraulics analyses showed, that weakly borated condensate can accumulate in particular in the pump loop seal of those loops, which do not receive safety injection. After refilling of the primary circuit, natural circulation in the stagnant loops can re-establish simultaneously and the de-borated slugs are shiftedmore » towards the reactor pressure vessel (RPV). In the ROCOM experiments, the length of the flow ramp and the initial density difference between the slugs and the ambient coolant was varied. From the test matrix experiments with 0 resp. 2% density difference between the de-borated slugs and the ambient coolant were used to validate the CFD software ANSYS CFX. To model the effects of turbulence on the mean flow a higher order Reynolds stress turbulence model was employed and a mesh consisting of 6.4 million hybrid elements was utilized. Only the experiments and CFD calculations with modeled density differences show a stratification in the downcomer. Depending on the degree of density differences the less dense slugs flow around the core barrel at the top of the downcomer. At the opposite side the lower borated coolant is entrained by the colder safety injection water and transported to the core. The validation proves that ANSYS CFX is able to simulate appropriately the flow field and mixing effects of coolant with different densities. (authors)« less

The new silver borate Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sohr, Gerhard; Falkowski, Viktoria; Huppertz, Hubert, E-mail: hubert.huppertz@uibk.ac.at

2015-05-15

Single crystals of Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9} were obtained via high-pressure synthesis at 3 GPa and 600 °C, using a Walker-type multianvil high-pressure device. Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9} crystalizes with a=674.7(2), b=943.5(2), c=1103.5(2) pm, V=0.7025(2) nm{sup 3}, and Z=4 in the noncentrosymmetric space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1} (no. 19). The orthorhombic structure was refined from 3740 independent reflections with R1=0.0496 and wR2=0.587 (all data). It is built up from infinite corner-sharing chains of BO{sub 4} tetrahedra along the a axis, which are interconnected by BO{sub 3} groups to form a network. In the structure, three crystallographically independent sites aremore » occupied with Ag{sup +} cations exhibiting argentophillic interactions. The synthetic conditions as well as the results of the single crystal structure analysis are presented. - Graphical abstract: Noncentrosymmetric silver borate: During investigations in the system Ag–B–O, a new noncentrosymmetric silver borate Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9} was discovered. The new structure type is built up from corner-sharing BO{sub 3} and BO{sub 4} groups, forming a network. Argentophillic interactions are clearly indicated by the Ag{sup +}⋯Ag{sup +} distances present in the structure. - Highlights: • A noncentrosymmetric borate Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9} is accessible via high-pressure synthesis. • Ag{sub 3}B{sub 5}O{sub 9} is the second high-pressure silver borate. • Ag{sup +}⋯Ag{sup +} distances in Ag3B5O9 clearly indicate the presence of argentophillic interactions.« less

Nonclinical safety evaluation of boric acid and a novel borate-buffered contact lens multi-purpose solution, Biotrue™ multi-purpose solution.

PubMed

Lehmann, David M; Cavet, Megan E; Richardson, Mary E

2010-12-01

Multipurpose solutions (MPS) often contain low concentrations of boric acid as a buffering agent. Limited published literature has suggested that boric acid and borate-buffered MPS may alter the corneal epithelium; an effect attributed to cytotoxicity induced by boric acid. However, this claim has not been substantiated. We investigated the effect of treating cells with relevant concentrations of boric acid using two cytotoxicity assays, and also assessed the impact of boric acid on corneal epithelial barrier function by measuring TEER and immunostaining for tight junction protein ZO-1 in human corneal epithelial cells. Boric acid was also assessed in an in vivo ocular model when administered for 28 days. Additionally, we evaluated Biotrue multi-purpose solution, a novel borate-buffered MPS, alone and with contact lenses for ocular compatibility in vitro and in vivo. Boric acid passed both cytotoxicity assays and did not alter ZO-1 distribution or corneal TEER. Furthermore, boric acid was well-tolerated on-eye following repeated administration in a rabbit model. Finally, Biotrue multi-purpose solution demonstrated good ocular biocompatibility both in vitro and in vivo. This MPS was not cytotoxic and was compatible with the eye when administered alone and when evaluated with contact lenses. We demonstrate that boric acid and a borate-buffered MPS is compatible with the ocular environment. Our findings provide evidence that ocular effects reported for some borate-buffered MPS may be incorrectly attributed to boric acid and are more likely a function of the unique combination of ingredients in the MPS formulation tested. Copyright © 2010 British Contact Lens Association. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) and Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4): New lead(II) borate-sulfate mixed-anion compounds with two types of 3D network structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruan, Ting-Ting; Wang, Wen-Wen; Hu, Chun-Li; Xu, Xiang; Mao, Jiang-Gao

2018-04-01

Two new lead(II) borate-sulfate mixed-anion compounds, namely, Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) and Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4), have been prepared by using high-temperature melt method or hydrothermal reaction. These compounds exhibit two different types of 3D structures composed of the same anionic units of BO3 triangles and SO4 tetrahedra which are interconnected by lead(II) cations. In Pb4(BO3)2(SO4), the lead(II) ions are bridged by borate anions into 3D [Pb4(BO3)2]2+ architectures with 1D tunnels of 8-member rings along the a-axis, which are filled by the sulfate anions. In Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4), the lead(II) ions are interconnected by borate and sulfate anions into 2D Pb-B-O and Pb-S-O layers parallel to the ab plane, respectively, and these layers are further condensed into the 3D lead(II) borate-sulfate framework. TGA and DSC studies indicate that Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) is congruently melting with a melting point of 689 °C whereas Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4) decomposes at approximately 335 °C. UV/Vis/NIR optical diffuse reflectance spectrum measurements reveal the optical band gaps of 4.03 and 4.08 eV for Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) and Pb2[(BO2)(OH)](SO4), respectively. Furthermore, the electronic structures of Pb4(BO3)2(SO4) have also been calculated.

Synthesis, Tribological and Hydrolysis Stability Study of Novel Benzotriazole Borate Derivative

PubMed Central

Liping, Xiong; Zhongyi, He; Liang, Qian; Lin, Mu; Aixi, Chen; Sheng, Han; Jianwei, Qiu; Xisheng, Fu

2014-01-01

Benzotriazole and borate derivatives have long been used as multifunctional additives to lubricants. A novel, environmentally friendly additive borate ester (NHB), which contains boron, ethanolamine, and benzotriazole groups in one molecule, was synthesized by a multi-step reaction, and its tribological properties in rapeseed oil (RSO) were investigated by a four-ball tribometer. The hydrolysis stability of the additive was investigated by half-time and open observation methods, and the mechanism of hydrolysis stability was discussed through Gaussian calculation. The novel compound NHB showed excellent performance under extreme pressure, against wearing, and in reducing friction, and its hydrolysis time is more than 1,220 times, which is better than that of triethyl borate. The mass ratio of NHB is bigger than that of the mixed liquid of triethyl borate and ethanolamine. The lone electron of amino N atoms forms a coordination effect with the B atom to compensate for the shortage of electrons in the B atom and to improve the hydrolysis stability of NHB. The surface morphology and the traces of different elements in the tribofilms formed with 1.0 wt.% NHB in were detected with scanning electron microscopy(SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX)and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The results shown that the additive caused a tribochemical reaction with the steel ball surface during the lubricating process. A mixed boundary lubrication film that contains organic nitrogen and inorganic salts, such as BN, B2O3, FeOx, Fe–O–B, and FeB, was also formed, and the formation of the lubricating film improved the tribological properties of the base oil. PMID:24465382

Hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of the first mixed alkali borate-nitrate K{sub 3}Na[B{sub 6}O{sub 9}(OH){sub 3}]NO{sub 3}

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ortner, Teresa S.; Wurst, Klaus; Perfler, Lukas

2015-01-15

The first mixed alkali borate-nitrate K{sub 3}Na[B{sub 6}O{sub 9}(OH){sub 3}]NO{sub 3} was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}·10H{sub 2}O and K{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}·4H{sub 2}O using KNO{sub 3} as a nitrate source. The compound crystallizes in the space group Pnnm (no. 58) with the lattice parameters a=1320.8(3), b=910.7(2), and c=1232.5(3) pm (Z=4). Isolated Sechserrings formed by BO{sub 4} and BO{sub 3} groups are linked through hydrogen bridges to form a three-dimensional network. - Graphical abstract: The first mixed alkali borate-nitrate K{sub 3}Na[B{sub 6}O{sub 9}(OH){sub 3}]NO{sub 3} was synthesized under hydrothermal conditions from Na{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}·10H{sub 2}Omore » and K{sub 2}B{sub 4}O{sub 7}·4H{sub 2}O using KNO{sub 3} as a nitrate source. - Highlights: • The first mixed alkali borate-nitrate K{sub 3}Na[B{sub 6}O{sub 9}(OH){sub 3}]NO{sub 3} is reported. • Hydrothermal conditions (240 °C, 3d) were used for the synthesis of K{sub 3}Na[B{sub 6}O{sub 9}(OH){sub 3}]NO{sub 3}. • Borate Sechserrings are interconnected through hydrogen-bonding.« less

Mechanism for converting Al2O3-containing borate glass to hydroxyapatite in aqueous phosphate solution.

PubMed

Zhao, Di; Huang, Wenhai; Rahaman, Mohamed N; Day, Delbert E; Wang, Deping

2009-05-01

The effect of replacing varying amounts (0-2.5 mol.%) of B2O3 with Al2O3 in a borate glass on (1) the conversion of the glass to HA in an aqueous phosphate solution and (2) the compressive strength of the as-formed HA product was investigated. Samples of each glass (10 x 10 x 8 mm) were placed in 0.25 M K2HPO4 solution at 60 degrees C, and the conversion kinetics to HA were determined from the weight loss of the glass and the pH of the solution. The structure and composition of the solid reaction products were characterized using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. While the conversion rate of the glass to HA decreased considerably with increasing Al2O3 content, the microstructure of the HA product became denser and the compressive strength of the HA product increased. The addition of SiO2 to the Al2O3-containing borate glass reversed the deterioration of the conversion rate, and produced a further improvement in the strength of the HA product. The compressive strength of the HA formed from the borate glass with 2.5 mol.% Al2O3 and 5 mol.% SiO2 was 11.1 +/- 0.2 MPa, which is equal to the highest strengths reported for trabecular bone. The results indicated that simultaneous additions of Al2O3 and SiO2 could be used to control the bioactivity of the borate glass and to enhance the mechanical strength of the HA product. Furthermore, the HA product formed from the glass containing both SiO2 and Al2O3 could be applied to bone repair.

Study on the interaction of plasma protein binding rate between edaravone and taurine in human plasma based on HPLC analysis coupled with ultrafiltration technique.

PubMed

Tang, Dao-quan; Li, Yin-jie; Li, Zheng; Bian, Ting-ting; Chen, Kai; Zheng, Xiao-xiao; Yu, Yan-yan; Jiang, Shui-shi

2015-08-01

In this work, two high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) assays were developed and validated for the independent determination of edaravone and taurine using 3-methyl-1-p-tolyl-5-pyrazolone and L-glutamine as internal standards. In in vitro experiments, human plasma was separately spiked with a mixture of edaravone and taurine, edaravone or taurine alone. Plasma was precipitated with acetonitrile containing 0.1% formic acid. Ultrafiltration was employed to obtain the unbound ingredients of the two drugs. The factors that might influence the ultrafiltration effiency were elaborately optimized. Plasma supernatant and ultrafiltrate containing taurine were derivated with o-phthalaldehyde and ethanethiol in the presence of 40 mmol/L sodium borate buffer (pH 10.2) at room temperature within 1 min. Chromatographic separations were achieved on an InertSustain C18 column (250 × 4.6 mm, 5 µm). Isocratic 50 mmol/L ammonium acetate-acetonitrile and gradient 50 mmol/L sodium acetate (pH 5.3)-methanol were respectively selected as the mobile phase for the determination of edaravone and taurine. All of the validation data including linearity, extraction recovery, precision, accuracy and stability conformed to the requirements. Results showed that there were no significant alterations in the plasma protein binding rate of taurine and edaravone, implying that the proposed combination therapy was pharmacologically feasible. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Recovery of aluminium, nickel-copper alloys and salts from spent fluorescent lamps.

PubMed

Rabah, Mahmoud A

2004-01-01

This study explores a combined pyro-hydrometallurgical method to recover pure aluminium, nickel-copper alloy(s), and some valuable salts from spent fluorescent lamps (SFLs). It also examines the safe recycling of clean glass tubes for the fluorescent lamp industry. Spent lamps were decapped under water containing 35% acetone to achieve safe capture of mercury vapour. Cleaned glass tubes, if broken, were cut using a rotating diamond disc to a standard shorter length. Aluminium and copper-nickel alloys in the separated metallic parts were recovered using suitable flux to decrease metal losses going to slag. Operation variables affecting the quality of the products and the extent of recovery with the suggested method were investigated. Results revealed that total loss in the glass tube recycling operation was 2% of the SFLs. Pure aluminium meeting standard specification DIN 1712 was recovered by melting at 800 degrees C under sodium chloride/carbon flux for 20 min. Standard nickel-copper alloys with less than 0.1% tin were prepared by melting at 1250 degrees C using a sodium borate/carbon flux. De-tinning of the molten nickel-copper alloy was carried out using oxygen gas. Tin in the slag as oxide was recovered by reduction using carbon or hydrogen gas at 650-700 degrees C. Different valuable chloride salts were also obtained in good quality. Further research is recommended on the thermodynamics of nickel-copper recovery, yttrium and europium recovery, and process economics.

An evaluation of the efficiency of minnow traps for estimating the abundance of minnows in desert spring systems

USGS Publications Warehouse

Peterson, James T.; Scheerer, Paul D.; Clements, Shaun

2015-01-01

Desert springs are sensitive aquatic ecosystems that pose unique challenges to natural resource managers and researchers. Among the most important of these is the need to accurately quantify population parameters for resident fish, particularly when the species are of special conservation concern. We evaluated the efficiency of baited minnow traps for estimating the abundance of two at-risk species, Foskett Speckled Dace Rhinichthys osculus ssp. and Borax Lake Chub Gila boraxobius, in desert spring systems in southeastern Oregon. We evaluated alternative sample designs using simulation and found that capture–recapture designs with four capture occasions would maximize the accuracy of estimates and minimize fish handling. We implemented the design and estimated capture and recapture probabilities using the Huggins closed-capture estimator. Trap capture probabilities averaged 23% and 26% for Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub, respectively, but differed substantially among sample locations, through time, and nonlinearly with fish body size. Recapture probabilities for Foskett Speckled Dace were, on average, 1.6 times greater than (first) capture probabilities, suggesting “trap-happy” behavior. Comparison of population estimates from the Huggins model with the commonly used Lincoln–Petersen estimator indicated that the latter underestimated Foskett Speckled Dace and Borax Lake Chub population size by 48% and by 20%, respectively. These biases were due to variability in capture and recapture probabilities. Simulation of fish monitoring that included the range of capture and recapture probabilities observed indicated that variability in capture and recapture probabilities in time negatively affected the ability to detect annual decreases by up to 20% in fish population size. Failure to account for variability in capture and recapture probabilities can lead to poor quality data and study inferences. Therefore, we recommend that fishery researchers and managers employ sample designs and estimators that can account for this variability.

Lipophilic polyelectrolyte gel derived from phosphonium borate can absorb a wide range of organic solvents.

PubMed

Sunaga, Sokuro; Kokado, Kenta; Sada, Kazuki

2018-01-24

Herein, we demonstrate a polyelectrolyte gel which can absorb a wide range of organic solvents from dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, permittivity: ε = 47.0) to tetrahydrofuran (ε = 5.6). The gel consists of polystyrene chains with small amounts (∼5 mol%) of lipophilic electrolytes derived from triphenylphosphonium tetraaryl borate. The swelling ability of the polyelectrolyte gel was higher than that of the alkyl ammonium tetraaryl borate previously reported by us, and this is attributed to the higher compatibility with organic solvents, as well as the higher dissociating ability, of the triphenyl phosphonium salt. The role of the ionic moieties was additionally confirmed by post modification of the polyelectrolyte gel via a conventional Wittig reaction, resulting in a nonionic gel. Our findings introduced here will lead to a clear-cut molecular design for polyelectrolyte gels which absorb all solvents.

Method of repressing the precipitation of calcium fluozirconate

DOEpatents

Newby, B.J.; Rhodes, D.W.

1973-12-25

Boric acid or a borate salt is added to aqueous solutions of fluoride containing radioactive wastes generated during the reprocessing of zirconium alloy nuclear fuels which are to be converted to solid form by calcining in a fluidized bed. The addition of calcium nitrate to the aqueous waste solutions to prevent fluoride volatility during calcination, causes the precipitation of calcium fluozirconate, which tends to form a gel at fluoride concentrations of 3.0 M or greater. The boron containing species introduced into the solution by the addition of the boric acid or borate salt retard the formation of the calcium fluozirconate precipitate and prevent formation of the gel. These boron containing species can be introduced into the solution by the addition of a borate salt but preferably are introduced by the addition of an aqueous solution of boric acid. (Official Gazette)

Cyclisation versus 1,1-Carboboration: Reactions of B(C6F5)3 with Propargyl Amides.

PubMed

Melen, Rebecca L; Hansmann, Max M; Lough, Alan J; Hashmi, A Stephen K; Stephan, Douglas W

2013-09-02

A series of propargyl amides were prepared and their reactions with the Lewis acidic compound B(C6F5)3 were investigated. These reactions were shown to afford novel heterocycles under mild conditions. The reaction of a variety of N-substituted propargyl amides with B(C6F5)3 led to an intramolecular oxo-boration cyclisation reaction, which afforded the 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydrooxazolium borate species. Secondary propargyl amides gave oxazoles in B(C6F5)3 mediated (catalytic) cyclisation reactions. In the special case of disubstitution adjacent to the nitrogen atom, 1,1-carboboration is favoured as a result of the increased steric hindrance (1,3-allylic strain) in the 5-alkylidene-4,5-dihydrooxazolium borate species. Copyright © 2013 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Evaluation of gamma-ray attenuation properties of bismuth borate glass systems using Monte Carlo method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarim, Urkiye Akar; Ozmutlu, Emin N.; Yalcin, Sezai; Gundogdu, Ozcan; Bradley, D. A.; Gurler, Orhan

2017-11-01

A Monte Carlo method was developed to investigate radiation shielding properties of bismuth borate glass. The mass attenuation coefficients and half-value layer parameters were determined for different fractional amounts of Bi2O3 in the glass samples for the 356, 662, 1173 and 1332 keV photon energies. A comparison of the theoretical and experimental attenuation coefficients is presented.

Synthesis, structural characterization and scalable preparation of new amino-zinc borates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Imer, M. R.; González, M.; Veiga, N.

2017-01-01

Zinc borates are important materials. We report the preparation of three novel ones: [Zn(NH 3) 3B 4O 5(OH) 4]·H 2O (ZB1), Zn 3(H 2B 3O 7) 2·2NH 3·4H 2O (ZB2), and [Zn(NH 3) 4][B 4O 5(OH) 4]·4H 2O (ZB3).

Identification and characterization of a novel L-arabinose isomerase from Anoxybacillus flavithermus useful in D-tagatose production.

PubMed

Li, Yanjun; Zhu, Yueming; Liu, Anjun; Sun, Yuanxia

2011-05-01

D-Tagatose is a highly functional rare ketohexose and many attempts have been made to convert D-galactose into the valuable D-tagatose using L-arabinose isomerase (L-AI). In this study, a thermophilic strain possessing L-AI gene was isolated from hot spring sludge and identified as Anoxybacillus flavithermus based on its physio-biochemical characterization and phylogenetic analysis of its 16s rRNA gene. Furthermore, the gene encoding L-AI from A. flavithermus (AFAI) was cloned and expressed at a high level in E. coli BL21(DE3). L-AI had a molecular weight of 55,876 Da, an optimum pH of 10.5 and temperature of 95°C. The results showed that the conversion equilibrium shifted to more D-tagatose from D-galactose by raising the reaction temperatures and adding borate. A 60% conversion of D-galactose to D-tagatose was observed at an isomerization temperature of 95°C with borate. The catalytic efficiency (k (cat) /K (m)) for D-galactose with borate was 9.47 mM(-1) min(-1), twice as much as that without borate. Our results indicate that AFAI is a novel hyperthermophilic and alkaliphilic isomerase with a higher catalytic efficiency for D-galactose, suggesting its great potential for producing D-tagatose.

Scale-up synthesis of zinc borate from the reaction of zinc oxide and boric acid in aqueous medium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kılınç, Mert; Çakal, Gaye Ö.; Yeşil, Sertan; Bayram, Göknur; Eroğlu, İnci; Özkar, Saim

2010-11-01

Synthesis of zinc borate was conducted in a laboratory and a pilot scale batch reactor to see the influence of process variables on the reaction parameters and the final product, 2ZnO·3B 2O 3·3.5H 2O. Effects of stirring speed, presence of baffles, amount of seed, particle size and purity of zinc oxide, and mole ratio of H 3BO 3:ZnO on the zinc borate formation reaction were examined at a constant temperature of 85 °C in a laboratory (4 L) and a pilot scale (85 L) reactor. Products obtained from the reaction in both reactors were characterized by chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, particle size distribution analysis, thermal gravimetric analysis and scanning electron microscopy. The kinetic data for the zinc borate production reaction was fit by using the logistic model. The results revealed that the specific reaction rate, a model parameter, decreases with increase in particle size of zinc oxide and the presence of baffles, but increases with increase in stirring speed and purity of zinc oxide; however, it is unaffected with the changes in the amount of seed and reactants ratio. The reaction completion time is unaffected by scaling-up.

In vitro evaluation of cytotoxicity of silver-containing borate bioactive glass.

PubMed

Luo, Shi-Hua; Xiao, Wei; Wei, Xiao-Juan; Jia, Wei-Tao; Zhang, Chang-Qing; Huang, Wen-Hai; Jin, Dong-Xu; Rahaman, Mohamed N; Day, Delbert E

2010-11-01

The cytotoxicity of silver-containing borate bioactive glass was evaluated in vitro from the response of osteoblastic and fibroblastic cells in media containing the dissolution products of the glass. Glass frits containing 0-2 weight percent (wt %) Ag were prepared by a conventional melting and quenching process. The amount of Ag dissolved from the glass into a simulated body fluid (SBF), measured using atomic emission spectroscopy, increased rapidly within the first 48 h, but slowed considerably at longer times. Structural and microchemical analysis showed that the formation of a hydroxyapatite-like layer on the glass surface within 14 days of immersion in the SBF. The response of MC3T3-E1 and L929 cells to the dissolution products of the glass was evaluated using SEM observation of cell morphology, and assays of MTT hydrolysis, lactate dehydrogenase release, and alkaline phosphatase activity after incubation for up to 48 h. Cytotoxic effects were found for the borate glass containing 2 wt % Ag, but not for 0.75 and 1 wt % Ag. This borate glass containing up to ∼1 wt % Ag could provide a coating material for bacterial inhibition and enhanced bioactivity of orthopaedic implant materials such as titanium. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Combined borax and tannin treatment of stored dairy manure to reduce bacterial populations and hydrogen sulfide emissions

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Background: Anaerobic digestion of organic residues in stored livestock manure is associated with the production of odors and emissions. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is one such emission that can reach hazardous levels during manure storage and handling, posing a risk to both farmers and livestock. New te...

21 CFR 181.30 - Substances used in the manufacture of paper and paperboard products used in food packaging.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

..., DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION (CONTINUED) PRIOR-SANCTIONED..., based on available scientific information and data. 1-Alkyl (C6-C18)3-amino-3-aminopropane monoacetate.* Borax or boric acid for use in adhesives, sizes, and coatings.* Butadiene-styrene copolymer. Chromium...

Combination of borax and quebracho condensed tannins treatment to reduce hydrogen sulfide, ammonia and greenhouse gas emissions from stored swine manure

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Livestock producers are acutely aware for the need to reduce gaseous emissions from stored livestock waste and have been trying to identify new technologies to address the chronic problem. Besides the malodor issue, toxic gases emitted from stored livestock manure, especially hydrogen sulfide (H2S)...

Technical Note: Comparison of accelerated methods for evaluating leaching from preservative-treated wood

Treesearch

Stan T. Lebow; Patricia K. Lebow; Kolby C. Hirth

2017-01-01

Current standardized methods are not well-suited for estimating in-service preservative leaching from treated wood products. This study compared several alternative leaching methods to a commonly used standard method, and to leaching under natural exposure conditions. Small blocks or lumber specimens were pressure treated with a wood preservative containing borax and...

The Rheological Properties of Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Gels from Rotational Viscometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hurst, Glenn A.; Bella, Malika; Salzmann, Christoph G.

2015-01-01

A laboratory experiment was developed to follow the gelation of a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solution upon addition of borax by using rotational viscometry. The rheological properties of the gel were examined, measuring the dependence of viscosity and shear stress on the shear rate. Time-dependent studies were also conducted in which the viscosity of…

Physical, mechanical, and fire properties of oriented strandboard with fire retardant treated veneers

Treesearch

Nadir Ayrilmis; Zeki Candan; Robert White

2007-01-01

This study evaluated physical, mechanical and fire properties of oriented strand boards (OSB) covered with fire retardant treated veneers. The beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) veneers were treated with either monoammonium phosphate, diammonium phosphate, lime water or a borax/boric acid (1 : 1 by weight) mixture. Physical and mechanical properties of the specimens were...

Borate-polyol complexes in aqueous solution: determination of enthalpies by thermometric titrimetry.

PubMed

Aruga, R

1985-06-01

Enthalpies for the reaction of borate with 1,2-ethanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,2,3-propanetriol and d-mannitol have been determined by thermometric titrimetry. From these enthalpies and equilibrium constants taken from the literature, corresponding entropies have been calculated. The data refer to aqueous solutions at 25 degrees and I = 1.0M (NaNO(3)). The results indicate reasons for the differences in the stabilities of the complexes.

Amorphous Nickel-Cobalt-Borate Nanosheet Arrays for Efficient and Durable Water Oxidation Electrocatalysis under Near-Neutral Conditions.

PubMed

Chen, Lanlan; Ren, Xiang; Teng, Wanqing; Shi, Pengfei

2017-07-21

Electrolytic hydrogen generation needs earth-abundant oxygen evolution reaction electrocatalysts that perform efficiently at mild pH. Here, the development of amorphous nickel-cobalt-borate nanosheet arrays on macroporous nickel foam (NiCo-Bi/NF) as a 3D catalyst electrode for high-performance water oxidation in near-neutral media is reported. To drive a current density of 10 mA cm -2 , the resulting NiCo-Bi/NF demands an overpotential of only 430 mV in 0.1 m potassium borate (K-Bi, pH 9.2). Moreover, it also shows long-term electrochemical durability with maintenance of catalytic activity for 20 h, achieving a high turnover frequency of 0.21 s -1 at an overpotential of 550 mV. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Vibrational spectroscopy of the borate mineral tunellite SrB6O9(OH)2·3(H2O) - Implications for the molecular structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Frost, Ray L.; López, Andrés; Scholz, Ricardo; Xi, Yunfei

2014-02-01

Tunellite is a strontium borate mineral with formula: SrB6O9(OH)2·3(H2O) and occurs as colorless crystals in the monoclinic pyramidal crystal system. An intense Raman band at 994 cm-1 was assigned to the BO stretching vibration of the B2O3 units. Raman bands at 1043, 1063, 1082 and 1113 cm-1 are attributed to the in-plane bending vibrations of trigonal boron. Sharp Raman bands observed at 464, 480, 523, 568 and 639 cm-1 are simply defined as trigonal and tetrahedral borate bending modes. The Raman spectrum clearly shows intense Raman bands at 3567 and 3614 cm-1, attributed to OH units. The molecular structure of a natural tunellite has been assessed by using vibrational spectroscopy.

Extraction of heavy metal ions from waste colored glass through phase separation.

PubMed

Chen, Danping; Masui, Hirotsugu; Miyoshi, Hiroshi; Akai, Tomoko; Yazawa, Tetsuo

2006-01-01

A new method utilizing phase separation phenomena for the extraction of heavy metal ions used as colorants in colored glass is proposed. Colored soda-lime-silica glass containing Co or Cr as a colorant was remelted with B2O3 to yield soda-lime-borosilicate glass. The soda-lime-borosilicate glass thus obtained was leached in 1M nitric acid at 90 degrees C to dissolve the borate phase. All cations (Na, Ca, Cr and Co) concentrated in the borate phase are successfully leached out with the dissolution of the borate phase, when the amount of the B2O3 added to the glass and heat treatment conditions are properly chosen. Porous silicate glass powders with high SiO2 purity are obtained as the result of the leaching. Porous glass can also be formed as bulk material by controlling the composition of additives during the remelting.

Growth and characterization of a novel nonlinear optical borate crystal - Yttrium calcium borate (YCB)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arun Kumar, R.; Arivanandhan, M.; Dhanasekaran, R.; Hayakawa, Y.

2013-06-01

A new nonlinear optical single crystal yttrium calcium borate Y2CaB10O19 (YCB) was grown for the first time from its melt. The starting materials were prepared by the solid-state reaction method. The melting point of the synthesized material was identified to be 967 °C. YCB crystal exhibits monoclinic crystal structure with the space group C2. The crystalline perfection of the grown YCB crystal was found to be good. From the UV-VIS-NIR studies, the lower cutoff wavelength of the crystal occurs below 200 nm. The functional groups of the grown crystal were assigned using the FTIR data. The second harmonic generation (SHG) of the YCB crystal was observed using a Nd:YAG laser with a fundamental wavelength of 1064 nm. The laser damage threshold value of the YCB crystal was found to be very high - 10.5 GW/cm2.

In Situ Detection of Boron by ChemCam on Mars

DOE PAGES

Gasda, Patrick J.; Haldeman, Ethan Brian; Wiens, Roger Craig; ...

2017-09-05

Here, we report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels <0.05 wt % B by the NASA Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium-sulfate-filled fractures, which formed in a late-stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate-rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We also consider two main groundwater-driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate-bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildlymore » alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater.« less

In Situ Detection of Boron by ChemCam on Mars

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gasda, Patrick J.; Haldeman, Ethan Brian; Wiens, Roger Craig

Here, we report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels <0.05 wt % B by the NASA Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium-sulfate-filled fractures, which formed in a late-stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate-rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We also consider two main groundwater-driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate-bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildlymore » alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater.« less

In Situ Detection of Boron by ChemCam on Mars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gasda, Patrick J.; Haldeman, Ethan B.; Wiens, Roger C.; Rapin, William; Bristow, Thomas F.; Bridges, John C.; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Clark, Benton; Herkenhoff, Kenneth; Frydenvang, Jens;

In situ detection of boron by ChemCam on Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gasda, Patrick J.; Haldeman, Ethan B.; Wiens, Roger C.; Rapin, William; Bristow, Thomas F.; Bridges, John C.; Schwenzer, Susanne P.; Clark, Benton; Herkenhoff, Kenneth; Frydenvang, Jens; Lanza, Nina L.; Maurice, Sylvestre; Clegg, Samuel; Delapp, Dorothea M.; Sanford, Veronica L.; Bodine, Madeleine R.; McInroy, Rhonda

2017-09-01

We report the first in situ detection of boron on Mars. Boron has been detected in Gale crater at levels <0.05 wt % B by the NASA Curiosity rover ChemCam instrument in calcium-sulfate-filled fractures, which formed in a late-stage groundwater circulating mainly in phyllosilicate-rich bedrock interpreted as lacustrine in origin. We consider two main groundwater-driven hypotheses to explain the presence of boron in the veins: leaching of borates out of bedrock or the redistribution of borate by dissolution of borate-bearing evaporite deposits. Our results suggest that an evaporation mechanism is most likely, implying that Gale groundwaters were mildly alkaline. On Earth, boron may be a necessary component for the origin of life; on Mars, its presence suggests that subsurface groundwater conditions could have supported prebiotic chemical reactions if organics were also present and provides additional support for the past habitability of Gale crater.

Rare earth-doped lead borate glasses and transparent glass-ceramics: structure-property relationship.

PubMed

Pisarski, W A; Pisarska, J; Mączka, M; Lisiecki, R; Grobelny, Ł; Goryczka, T; Dominiak-Dzik, G; Ryba-Romanowski, W

2011-08-15

Correlation between structure and optical properties of rare earth ions in lead borate glasses and glass-ceramics was evidenced by X-ray-diffraction, Raman, FT-IR and luminescence spectroscopy. The rare earths were limited to Eu(3+) and Er(3+) ions. The observed BO(3)↔BO(4) conversion strongly depends on the relative PbO/B(2)O(3) ratios in glass composition, giving important contribution to the luminescence intensities associated to (5)D(0)-(7)F(2) and (5)D(0)-(7)F(1) transitions of Eu(3+). The near-infrared luminescence and up-conversion spectra for Er(3+) ions in lead borate glasses before and after heat treatment were measured. The more intense and narrowing luminescence lines suggest partial incorporation of Er(3+) ions into the orthorhombic PbF(2) crystalline phase, which was identified using X-ray diffraction analysis. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Exchange-mediated spin-lattice relaxation of Fe3+ ions in borate glasses.

PubMed

Misra, Sushil K; Pilbrow, John R

2007-03-01

Spin-lattice relaxation times (T1) of two borate glasses doped with different concentrations of Fe2O3 were measured using the Electron Spin-Echo (ESE) technique at X-band (9.630 GHz) in the temperature range 2-6K. In comparison with a previous investigation of Fe3+-doped silicate glasses, the relaxation rates were comparable and differed by no more than a factor of two. The data presented here extend those previously reported for borate glasses in the 10-250K range but measured using the amplitude-modulation technique. The T1 values were found to depend on temperature (T) as T(n) with n approximately 1 for the 1% and 0.1% Fe2O3-doped glass samples. These results are consistent with spin-lattice relaxation as effected by exchange interaction of a Fe3+ spin exchange-coupled to another Fe3+ spin in an amorphous material.

Spectroscopy and energy transfer in lead borate glasses doubly doped with Dy(3)(+)-Tb(3+) and Tb(3)(+)-Eu(3+) ions.

PubMed

Pisarska, Joanna; Kos, Agnieszka; Pisarski, Wojciech A

2014-08-14

Lead borate glasses doubly doped with Dy(3)(+)-Tb(3+) and Tb(3+)-Eu(3+) were investigated using optical spectroscopy. Luminescence spectra of rare earths were detected under various excitation wavelengths. The main green emission band due to (5)D4→(7)F5 transition of Tb(3+) is observed under excitation of Dy(3+), whereas the main red emission band related to (5)D0→(7)F2 transition of Eu(3+) is successfully observed under direct excitation of Tb(3+). In both cases, the energy transfer processes from Dy(3+) to Tb(3+) and from Tb(3+) to Eu(3+) in lead borate glasses occur through a nonradiative processes with efficiencies up to 16% and 18%, respectively. The presence of energy transfer process was also confirmed by excitation spectra measurements. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Characterization of the third-order optical nonlinearity spectrum of barium borate glasses

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos, S. N. C.; Almeida, J. M. P.; Paula, K. T.; Tomazio, N. B.; Mastelaro, V. R.; Mendonça, C. R.

2017-11-01

Borate glasses have proven to be an important material for applications ranging from radiation dosimetry to nonlinear optics. In particular, B2O3-BaO based glasses are attractive to frequency generation since their barium metaborate phase (β-BaB2O4 or β-BBO) may be crystallized under proper heat treatment. Despite the vast literature covering their linear and second-order optical nonlinear properties, their third-order nonlinearities remain overlooked. This paper thus reports a study on the nonlinear refraction (n2) of BBO and BBS-DyEu glasses through femtosecond Z-scan technique. The results were modeled using the BGO approach, which showed that oxygen ions are playing a role in the nonlinear optical properties of the glasses studied here. In addition, the barium borate glasses containing rare-earths ions were found to exhibit larger nonlinearities, which is in agreement with previous studies.

Process for removal of mineral particulates from coal-derived liquids

DOEpatents

McDowell, William J.

1980-01-01

Suspended mineral solids are separated from a coal-derived liquid containing the solids by a process comprising the steps of: (a) contacting said coal-derived liquid containing solids with a molten additive having a melting point of 100.degree.-500.degree. C. in an amount of up to 50 wt. % with respect to said coal-derived liquid containing solids, said solids present in an amount effective to increase the particle size of said mineral solids and comprising material or mixtures of material selected from the group of alkali metal hydroxides and inorganic salts having antimony, tin, lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, beryllium, aluminum, zinc, molybdenum, cobalt, nickel, ruthenium, rhodium or iron cations and chloride, iodide, bromide, sulfate, phosphate, borate, carbonate, sulfite, or silicate anions; and (b) maintaining said coal-derived liquid in contact with said molten additive for sufficient time to permit said mineral matter to agglomerate, thereby increasing the mean particle size of said mineral solids; and (c) recovering a coal-derived liquid product having reduced mineral solids content. The process can be carried out with less than 5 wt. % additive and in the absence of hydrogen pressure.

Diluents for stabilization of tuberculin

PubMed Central

Magnusson, Mogens; Guld, Johannes; Magnus, Knut; Waaler, Hans

1958-01-01

Tuberculin is known to be adsorbed to containers and syringes. In the present paper, the adsorption which takes place in the ampoules has been studied in relation to the diluent for the tuberculin. Adsorption was most evident in dilutions prepared with saline or with phosphate buffer containing dextran. The inclusion in phosphate buffer diluent of small amounts of proteins or synthetic surface-active agents decreased or prevented adsorption. A boric-acid sodium-borate diluent containing gum arabic, previously recommended for the preparation of stabilized tuberculin dilutions, was found to be ineffective. The most suitable diluent for the preparation of stable tuberculin dilutions was a 0.05‰ solution of Tween 80 in phosphate-buffered saline; this diluent appeared to prevent adsorption under a variety of experimental conditions. The inclusion of Tween 80 in the diluent had little or no effect on the general storage stability of purified tuberculin. Sensitization experiments in guinea-pigs, rabbits and humans showed that no sensitization against Tween 80 need be feared when a 0.05‰ solution of Tween 80 in phosphate buffered saline is used in the preparation of tuberculin dilutions. PMID:13618720

Quantitative analysis of mycosporine-like amino acids in marine algae by capillary electrophoresis with diode-array detection

PubMed Central

Hartmann, Anja; Murauer, Adele; Ganzera, Markus

2017-01-01

Marine species have evolved a variety of physical or chemical strategies to diminish damage from elevated environmental ultraviolet radiation. Mycosporine-like amino acids, a group of widely distributed small water soluble compounds, are biologically relevant because of their photo-protective potential. In addition, presumed antioxidant and skin protective strategies raise the interest for possible medicinal and cosmetic applications. In this study the first CE method for the quantification of mycosporine-like amino acids in marine species is presented. A borate buffer system consisting of 30 mM sodium tetraborate in water at a pH-value of 10.3 enabled the baseline separation of five MAAs, namely palythine, mycosporine-serinol, asterina-330, shinorine and porphyra-334, in 27 min. Separation voltage, temperature and detection wavelength were 25 kV, 25 °C and 320 nm, respectively. The optimized method was fully validated and applied for the quantitative determination of MAAs in the marine macroalgae Palmaria palmata, Porphyra umbilicalis, and Porphyra sp., as well as the lichen Lichina pygmaea. PMID:28213175

Immobilization of ionophore and surface characterization studies of the titanium(III) ion in a PVC-membrane sensor.

PubMed

Rezayi, Majid; Heng, Lee Yook; Kassim, Anuar; Ahmadzadeh, Saeid; Abdollahi, Yadollah; Jahangirian, Hossein

2012-01-01

Novel ionophores comprising various hydroxide and amine structures were immobilized onto poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) matrices, and these were examined to determine Ti(III) selectivity. To predict the selectivity of Ti(III), a PVC membrane was used to investigate the binding of Ti(III) to c-methylcalix[4]resorcinarene (CMCR). The study showed that the chelating ligand, CMCR, was coordinated selectively to Ti(III) at eight coordination sites involving the oxygen atoms at the interface of the membrane/solution. The membrane was prepared, based on CMCR as an ionophore, sodium tetrakis(4-fluorophenyl) borate (NaTFPB) as a lipophilic ionic additive, and dioctylphthalate (DOP) as a plasticizer. The immobilization of the ionophore and surface characterization studies revealed that the performance of CMCR-immobilized PVC was equivalent to that of mobile ionophores in supported liquid membranes (SLMs). The strengths of the ion-ionophore (CMCR-Ti(OH)(OH(2))(5) (2+)) interactions and the role of ionophores on membranes were studied via UV-Vis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and and X-ray diffraction (XRD).

Self-Healable and Cold-Resistant Supercapacitor Based on a Multifunctional Hydrogel Electrolyte.

PubMed

Tao, Feng; Qin, Liming; Wang, Zhikui; Pan, Qinmin

2017-05-10

Excellent self-healability and cold resistance are attractive properties for a portable/wearable energy-storage device. However, achieving the features is fundamentally dependent on an intrinsically self-healable electrolyte with high ionic conduction at low temperature. Here we report such a hydrogel electrolyte comprising sodium alginate cross-linked by dynamic catechol-borate ester bonding. Since its dynamically cross-linked alginate network can tolerate high-content inorganic salts, the electrolyte possesses excellent healing efficiency/cyclability but also high ionic conduction at both room temperature and low temperature. A supercapacitor with the multifunctional hydrogel electrolyte completely restores its capacitive properties even after breaking/healing for 10 cycles without external stimulus. At a low temperature of -10 °C, the capacitor is even able to maintain at least 80% of its room-temperature capacitance. Our investigations offer a strategy to assemble self-healable and cold-resistant energy storage devices by using a multifunctional hydrogel electrolyte with rationally designed polymeric networks, which has potential application in portable/wearable electronics, intelligent apparel or flexible robot, and so on.

Molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction for the determination of ten macrolide drugs residues in animal muscles by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Song, Xuqin; Zhou, Tong; Liu, Qingying; Zhang, Meiyu; Meng, Chenying; Li, Jiufeng; He, Limin

2016-10-01

A simple and sensitive method based on molecularly imprinted solid-phase extraction coupled with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was developed for the determination of the residues of ten macrolide drugs in swine, cattle and chicken muscles samples. The molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were synthesized using tylosin as a template and methacrylic acid as a functional monomer. Samples were extracted with sodium borate buffer solution and ethyl acetate, and purified by the MIP cartridge. The results showed that the cartridge exhibited good recognition performance for macrolides, and better purification effect than the traditional solid-phase extraction cartridges. Recoveries of analytes at three spiking levels 1, 5 and 20μgkg(-1) ranged from 60.7% to 100.3% with the relative standard deviations less than 14%. The limits of detection of the method were between 0.1 and 0.4μgkg(-1). The method is useful for the routine monitoring of the residues of macrolide drugs in animal muscles. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Crystallization of lithium borate glasses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Goktas, A. A.; Neilson, G. F.; Weinberg, M. C.

1992-01-01

The glass-forming ability and crystallization behavior of lithium borate compositions, in the diborate-to-metaborate-range, were studied. In particular, the nature and sequence of formation of crystalline phases and the tendency toward devitrification were investigated as functions of temperature, thermal history and batch composition. It was found that the sequence of crystalline phase formation was sensitive to all of the three latter factors, and it was observed that under certain conditions metastable defect structures of the metaborate can appear.

Effect of 3d-transition metal doping on the shielding behavior of barium borate glasses: a spectroscopic study.

PubMed

ElBatal, H A; Abdelghany, A M; Ghoneim, N A; ElBatal, F H

2014-12-10

UV-visible and FT infrared spectra were measured for prepared samples before and after gamma irradiation. Base undoped barium borate glass of the basic composition (BaO 40%-B2O3 60mol.%) reveals strong charge transfer UV absorption bands which are related to unavoidable trace iron impurities (Fe(3+)) within the chemical raw materials. 3d transition metal (TM)-doped glasses exhibit extra characteristic absorption bands due to each TM in its specific valence or coordinate state. The optical spectra show that TM ions favor generally the presence in the high valence or tetrahedral coordination state in barium borate host glass. Infrared absorption bands of all prepared glasses reveal the appearance of both triangular BO3 units and tetrahedral BO4 units within their characteristic vibrational modes and the TM-ions cause minor effects because of the low doping level introduced (0.2%). Gamma irradiation of the undoped barium borate glass increases the intensity of the UV absorption together with the generation of an induced broad visible band at about 580nm. These changes are correlated with suggested photochemical reactions of trace iron impurities together with the generation of positive hole center (BHC or OHC) within the visible region through generated electrons and positive holes during the irradiation process. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Phase diagrams and physicochemical properties of Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems at 323 K

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Feng, Shan; Yu, Xudong; Cheng, Xinglong; Zeng, Ying

2017-11-01

The phase and physicochemical properties diagrams of Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems at 323 K were constructed using the experimentally measured solubilities, densities, and refractive indices. The Schreinemakers' wet residue method and the X-ray diffraction were used for the determination of the compositions of solid phase. Results show that these two systems belong to the hydrate I type, with no solid solution or double salt formation. The borate phases formed in our experiments are RbB5O6(OH)4 · 2H2O, Li2B4O5(OH)4 · H2O, and K2B4O5(OH)4 · 2H2O. Comparison between the stable phase diagrams of the studied system at 288, 323, and 348 K show that in this temperature range, the crystallization form of salts do not changed. With the increase in temperature, the crystallization field of Li2B4O5(OH)4 · H2O salt at 348 K is obviously larger than that at 288 K. In the Li+,K+(Rb+)//borate-H2O systems, the densities and refractive indices of the solutions (at equilibrium) increase along with the mass fraction of K2B4O7 (Rb2B4O7), and reach the maximum values at invariant point E.

Resistance of borax–copper treated wood in aboveground exposure to attack by Formosan subterranean termites

Treesearch

Stan Lebow; Bessie Woodward; Douglas Crawford; William Abbott

2005-01-01

The spread of Formosan subterranean termites (FSTs) in the southern United States has increased public interest in finding a preservative treatment to protect framing lumber from termite attack. This study evaluated the use of a borax-based preservative to protect wood from FST attack. Southern Pine and Douglas-fir specimens were pressure-treated with three...