Sample records for border study standard operating
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The purpose of this SOP is to provide a standard method for the writing of data dictionaries. This procedure applies to the dictionaries used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: guidelines; data dictionaries.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is spon...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures used when calibrating and operating balances during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: lab; equipment; balances.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workgroup of t...
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The purpose of this SOP is to detail the operation and maintenance of the deionized water still during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: lab; equipment; water still.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workgroup of t...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the standard approach used for cleaning glassware and plasticware during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: lab; equipment; cleaning.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workgroup...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps needed to operate the data scanners that were used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; equipment; scanner.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workgroup of the...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the operation of the data processing program. These methods were used for every execution of the data processing program during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; data processing.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Progr...
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U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--LIST OF STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURES
This document lists available protocols and SOPs for the U.S.-Mexico Border Program study. It identifies protocols and SOPs for the following study components: (1) Sample collection and field operations, (2) Sample analysis, (3) General laboratory procedures, (4) Quality Assuranc...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps needed to operate the light pens, and verify the values produced by light pens used in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; equipment; light pens.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Envir...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures for the operation, calibration, and maintenance of fixed- and adjustable-volume pipette guns. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keyw...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe basic pre- and post-field visit activities and standards which are expected of every field team member. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: traini...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for operating and calibrating the Spectrace 9000 field portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. This procedure applies to the determination of metal concentrations in samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border stud...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform format for the preparation of SOPs. Use of these protocols ensures consistent implementation of project tasks, documents the preparation and implementation of the procedures used, describes quality control measures and the limits...
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This purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Descriptive Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; descriptive questionnaire.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponso...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the archive/custody guidelines used by the Arizona Border Study. This procedure was followed to maintain and locate samples, extracts, tracings and hard copy results after laboratory analysis during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline HHID and IRN assignment during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: field; records; HHID and IRN assignment.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workgroup of the Border 2012 Program....
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The purpose of this SOP is to identify and isolate malfunctioning or damaged equipment for the Arizona Border Study. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data custody, storage, transfer and analysis of a high quality during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border s...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures involved in transferring and receiving data to and from other institutions. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; transfer.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Diet Diary Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; diet diary questionnaire.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is spon...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the implementation steps for scanning and verifying forms and questionnaires used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; scanning.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workg...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures for the analysis of NHEXAS and Border study data. These methods were used for all data analysis associated with the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) site. Keywords: data;...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the preparation and assembly of materials and samplers to go into the field for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: field; equipment.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health...
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The purpose of this SOP is to assure suitable temperature maintenance in refrigerators and freezers used for sample storage during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: lab; equipment; refrigerators and freezers.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the database storage organization, and to describe the sources of data for each database used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; database; organization.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by t...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for Arizona Lab Data. This strategy was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; lab data forms.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Healt...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the strategy for the global coding of scanned forms. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: Coding; scannable forms.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored by the Environmental Health Workg...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps for creating a scannable form and defining the database associated with the activated form. It applies to forms developed for the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; scannable forms.
The U.S.-Mexico Border...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Food Diary Follow Up Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; food diary follow up questionnaire.
The U.S.-Mexico Border ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures used for the initial and periodic verification and validation of computer programs used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: Computers; Software; QA/QC.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline sample custody guidelines used by the Arizona Border Study. This procedure was followed to maintain sample integrity and ensure consistent data retrieval, transport, storage, shipment, and analysis during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the B...
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The purpose of this SOP is to design respondent privacy and confidentiality for all participants of the Arizona Border Study. This SOP covers verbal, written and electronic data references to respondents. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during th...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for calibrating Harvard particulate matter (PM) samplers. This procedure applies directly to the Harvard particulate matter (PM) samplers used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: lab; equipment;...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the steps involved in batching the physical laboratory data forms generated by the Arizona Border Study and slated for data entry. It applies to all physical laboratory data forms entered for this study. This procedure was followed to ensu...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures for the operation and initialization of the Magellan Global Positioning System (GPS) Satellite Navigator. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Borde...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures involved in appending cleaned individual data batches to the master databases. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; database.
The U.S.-Mexico Border Program is sponsored b...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures for the initial and periodic verification and validation of computer programs. The programs are used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and Border study at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT) site. Keywords: computers; s...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline procedures for the receipt of equipment and field implementation supplies for the Arizona Border Study. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data custody, storage, transfer, and analysis of a high quality during the Arizona NHEXA...
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The Arizona Border Study used a system that tracks what occurs to a sample and provides the status of that sample at any given time. In essence, the tracking system provides an electronic chain of custody record for each sample as it moves through the project. This is achieved ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Technician Walk-Through Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; technician walk-through questionnaire.
The U.S.-Mexi...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Follow Up Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Household and individual follow-up data were combined in a single Follow-up Questionnaire data f...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Baseline Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Household and individual data were combined in a single Baseline Questionnaire data file. Keywo...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the coding strategy for the Questionnaire Feedback form. This Questionnaire Feedback form was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: data; coding; questionnaire feedback form.
The U.S.-Mexico B...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for using and maintaining the related microcomputer equipment at the Illinois Institute of Technology (IIT)/NHEXAS site. These methods were used in all data operations and maintenance routines during the Arizona NHEXAS projec...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe procedures for using and maintaining the local area network (LAN) and related microcomputer equipment at the Health Related Professions site at the University of Arizona. These methods were used for all data operations and maintenance routi...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe procedures for extracting and preparing a dermal wipe sample for GC/MS analysis of pesticides. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: dermal wipe; p...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform procedure for the collection of yard composite soil samples in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent and reliable collection of outdoor soil samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Ke...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the process of field quality assurance and quality control checks. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: custody; QA/QC; field checks.
The U.S.-Mex...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the household (HH) packet assembly, custody, and transfer to the data section in preparation for data entry into the electronic database for the Arizona Border Study. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the flow and custody of laboratory data generated by the Arizona Border Study through data processing and delivery to the project data manager for creation of the master database. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrie...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: Data; Coding; Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire.
The U.S.-Mexico B...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures to be followed for the operation and maintenance of the EcoChem real-time ambient air PAH monitor. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval of PAH measurements during the Arizona NHEXAS project ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the start-up, calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures for the Perkin-Elmer 5100 PC Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (PE 5100). These procedures are used for the determination of the target trace metal, as in soil, house dust, f...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the start-up, calibration, operation, and maintenance procedures for the Perkin-Elmer 5000 atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PE 5000 AA), and the Perkin Elmer 5000 Zeeman graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer (PE 5000Z GFAA)...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform procedure for the collection of indoor floor dust samples in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval of dust samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the Border study. Keywords: field; vacu...
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The purpose of this SOP is to detail the operation and maintenance of an Instruments, SA Inc., Jobin-Yvon Model 70 (JY-70) inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES). This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXA...
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The purpose of this SOP is to detail the procedures for the start-up, operation, calibration, shut-down, and maintenance of the Thermo Jarrell Ash ICAP 61-975 Plasma AtomComp Emission Spectrometer. These procedures were used in determining the trace target metals Al, As, Ba, Cd,...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the training sequence for incoming student data assistants (students). The procedure is designed to provide them with an overview of the study in terms of study goals, structure and project data needs. This overview familiarizes the studen...
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The purpose of this SOP is to provide a standard method for the writing of data dictionaries. This procedure applies to the dictionaries used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: guidelines; data dictionaries.
The National Human Exposure Assessme...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures undertaken to calculate sampling weights. The sampling weights are needed to obtain weighted statistics of the study data. This SOP uses data that have been properly coded and certified with appropriate QA/QC procedures by th...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures to be followed in splitting and determining the grain size characteristics, electrical conductivity, and pH of the "Composite Soil" and "Foundation Soil" samples. This procedure applies to the general characterization of sedi...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the objectives of and instructions for questionnaire administration in order to ensure consistency among the instructions given to respondents in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona N...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for selected field forms. Forms addressed here will be scanned into databases. Databases are created because the forms contain critical values needed to calculate pollutant concentrations. Other forms not addressed by th...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Descriptive Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Descriptive Questionnaire that was scanned and verified by the data staff during...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline the field staff's responsibilities in public contact and behavior with study respondents. The procedure applies to all staff who interact with the respondents. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizo...
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The purpose of this protocol is to provide guidelines for the analysis of hair samples for total mercury by cold vapor atomic fluorescence (CVAFS) spectrometry. This protocol describes the methodology and all other analytical aspects involved in the analysis. Keywords: hair; s...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship human hair for analysis of mercury. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, storage, shipping and custody procedures. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the training sequence of incoming field team members. The training procedure is designed to provide new team members with an overview of the goals, structure, and design of this research project and their role within it. This procedure was...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for the periodic calibration and leak testing of Harvard particulate matter (PM) impactor units. This procedure applies directly to the calibration and leak testing of Harvard PM impactor units used during the Arizona NHEXAS ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to provide a uniform procedure for the financial reimbursement of primary respondents for the collection of diet samples. Respondents were reimbursed for replicate food and beverage samples by type and amount collected over a 24-hour sampling period. ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the assembly of household (HH) packets into data processing batches. The batching process enables orderly tracking of packets or forms through data processing and limits the potential for packet or form loss. This procedure was used for th...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship unknown substances for chemical analysis and identification. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, storage, shipping and custody procedures. This procedure was followed ...
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This SOP describes the training sequence followed by each member of the technical staff at Battelle who participates in the project. The procedure is designed to provide them with an overview of the project in terms of project goals, structure, and laboratory requirements. This...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the training sequence of incoming student laboratory assistants. The procedure is designed to provide them with an overview of the project in terms of project goals, structure, and laboratory needs. This overview familiarizes the student l...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Follow Up Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Follow Up Questionnaire that was scanned and verified by the data staff during the...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Questionnaire Feedback form. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Questionnaire Feedback form that was scanned and verified by the data staff ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Baseline Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Baseline Questionnaire that was scanned and verified by the data staff during the A...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire that was scanned and verified ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Diet Diary Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Diet Diary Questionnaire that was scanned and verified by the data staff during t...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Technician Walk-Through Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Technician Walk-Through Questionnaire that was scanned and verified ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the field forms. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the field forms that were scanned and verified by data staff during the Arizona NHEXAS project and...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures used when calibrating and operating balances during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: lab; equipment; balances.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interagency rese...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures to be followed for the operation, calibration and maintenance of electronic balances. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the stages of preparation required for Harvard particulate matter (PM) sampler impactor: (1) prior to in-field use of the particulate sampling system, (2) in-field sampling, and (3) disassembly after field use. This procedure applies direct...
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The purpose of this SOP is to guide the collection, storage, and shipment of urine samples collected. This SOP provides a brief description of sample, collection, preservation, storage, shipping, and custody procedures. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retri...
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The purpose of this SOP is to provide a uniform procedure for the collection of a complete (all meals, snacks, and beverages), one-day (24 hour) duplicate diet sample from the primary respondent. Participants will keep a duplicate portion of all food consumed in a 24 hour period...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for checking the food collections with the food stated as consumed in the 24-Hour Food Diary. The sample is then packaged and shipped for further analysis. This procedure applies to the checking of food samples and shipment ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to guide the collection, storage, and shipment of blood samples collected. This SOP provides a brief description of sample collection, preservation, storage, and custody procedures. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the steps to be taken when materials, such as field sampling materials, are shipped from Battelle. A transmittal form accompanies every shipment of such materials or other test articles, substances, paper data, or any other item directly re...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures to be followed for cleaning glassware used in preparing and analyzing soil, house dust, air filter, surface wipe, or dermal wash samples for inorganic metals. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retr...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for collecting surface wipe samples inside a home for analysis of either metals or pesticides. This procedure covers the preparation of the surface wipe material and field activities. This protocol was followed to ensure con...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures to be followed in determining the pre- and post-exposure weight of 37mm and 25mm Teflon filters, Teflon sentinel filters and Teflon vacuum dust filters. This procedure applies to the pre- and post-exposure weighing of the fil...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe this sub-routine within the overall field data flow and custody plan. Its purpose is to establish a uniform procedure for the tracking of physical field forms and questionnaires while at keypunch. It applies to all data processing batches ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the appropriate method for completing scannable forms generated by Teleform. The instructions describe methods of form completion and how to indicate that a response is not valid. Scannable Forms are used in the field and laboratory portion o...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Arizona Lab Data forms. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Arizona Lab Data forms scanned and verified by the data staff during the Arizona NH...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the Food Diary Follow Up Questionnaire. It applies to electronic data corresponding to the Food Diary Follow Up Questionnaire that was scanned and verified by the...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the standard approach used for cleaning glassware and plasticware during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: lab; equipment; cleaning.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interagency...
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The purpose of this SOP is to outline a standard approach to naming and defining variables, data types, and data entry forms. This procedure applies to all working databases created during the NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: databases; standards.
The National...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the general procedures for the operation, calibration, and maintenance of fixed- and adjustable-volume pipette guns. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Ke...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the operation of the data processing program. These methods were used for every execution of the data processing program during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; data processing.
The National Human Exposur...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps needed to operate the data scanners that were used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; equipment; scanner.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interagency resear...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the flow of field data forms through the data processing system and to define who is responsible for the data at any time. It applies to field data forms collected and processed by Arizona NHEXAS. This procedure was followed to ensure cons...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for collecting a dermal wipe sample from a participant's hands for the measurement of pesticide or metal residues on the skin. This procedure covers the preparation of the dermal wipe material and field activities. This prot...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the steps to be taken when field samples are received at Battelle Laboratory for further analysis. The procedure provides for the log-in, initial processing (if required), and distribution of the sample. Procedures concerning the sample Ch...
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This compendium includes method summaries provided by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/National Center for Environmental Health (CDC/NCEH) for the collection and shipping of blood and urine samples for analysis of metals and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). The pr...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe basic pre- and post-field visit activities and standards which are expected of every Field Team member. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: tra...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps needed to operate the light pens, and verify the values produced by light pens used in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; equipment; light pens.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS)...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the collection, storage, and shipment of tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA method 524.2 (revision 4.0). This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, storage, shipping, and custod...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the methods used to sample residential indoor and outdoor atmospheres for the presence of certain volatile organic compounds (VOCs) by means of absorption onto activated charcoal contained within a sampling badge. Activated charcoal diffusi...
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The purpose of this SOP is to ensure suitable temperature maintenance of freezers used for storage of samples. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: freezers; operation.
The National H...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 200.8 (revision 4.4) for the NHEXAS Arizona project. This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, storage...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the methods used to collect indoor and outdoor air samples for the determination of selected volatile organic compounds (VOC's) using a pump to draw air through a Carbotrap Sampler. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) present in the air are p...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for operating and calibrating the Spectrace 9000 field portable X-ray fluorescence analyzer. This procedure applies to the determination of metal concentrations in samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" st...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the acid digestion of soil, house dust, air filter, and surface or dermal wipe samples for analysis using inductively coupled plasma atomic emissions spectrometry (ICP-AES) and/or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GFAAS) or fl...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe how to collect, store, and ship tap and drinking water samples for analysis by EPA Method 525.2 (revision 1.0) and EPA method 531.1 (revision 3). This SOP provides a brief description of the sample containers, collection, preservation, stor...
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2001-12-01
In response to concerns about the safety of Mexican trucks, the General Accounting Office (GAO) was asked to examine (1) the extent to which Mexican-domiciled commercial trucks are likely to travel beyond U.S. border commercial zones once the border ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the procedures for calibrating Harvard particulate matter (PM) samplers. This procedure applies directly to the Harvard particulate matter (PM) samplers used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: lab; equipmen...
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This purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Descriptive Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; descriptive questionnaire.
The National Human Exposure Assessment...
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78 FR 26382 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-06
... Completed by the Export Mapping Working Group (EMWG) to date. 3. Review and Discuss the Global Supply Chain Subcommittee's Air Cargo Advance Screening (ACAS) Working Group and address Next Steps regarding Land Border... the Trusted Trader Subcommittee and the Work Completed by the Industry Standards Working Group (ISWG...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the coding strategy for the Questionnaire Feedback form. This Questionnaire Feedback form was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; questionnaire feedback form.
The National Hu...
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NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR FORM QA/QC CHECKS (UA-C-2.0)
The purpose of this SOP is to outline the process of Field Quality Assurance and Quality Control checks. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: custody; QA/QC; field checks.
The Nation...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Diet Diary Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; diet diary questionnaire.
The National Human Exposure Assessme...
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NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR HHID AND IRN ASSIGNMENT (UA-F-1.0)
The purpose of this SOP is to outline HHID and IRN assignment during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: field; records; HHID and IRN Assignment.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interagency research effort coordinated...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the database storage organization, as well as describe the sources of data for each database used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; database; organization.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Sur...
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NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR TRANSFER AND RECEIPT DATA (UA-D-29.0)
The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures involved in transferring and receiving data to and from other institutions. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; transfer.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Technician Walk-Through Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; technician walk-through questionnaire.
The Nationa...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the implementation steps for scanning and verifying forms and questionnaires used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; scanning.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interag...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Follow Up Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Household and individual follow-up data were combined in a single Follow-up Questionnaire data...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the strategy for the Global Coding of Scanned Forms. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: Coding; scannable forms.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal interag...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Baseline Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Household and individual data were combined in a single Baseline Questionnaire data file. Key...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe the preparation and assembly of materials and samplers to go into the field for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: field; equipment.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal i...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform procedure for the collection of yard composite soil samples in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent and reliable collection of outdoor soil samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to assure suitable temperature maintenance in refrigerators and freezers used for sample storage during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: lab; equipment; refrigerators and freezers.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Su...
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The purpose of this SOP is to describe procedures for extracting and preparing a dermal wipe sample for GC/MS analysis of pesticides. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: dermal wipe;...
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The purpose of the SOP is to define the particular steps involved in cleaning the electronic data generated from data entry of the 24 Hour Food Diary. The procedure was developed to use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; cleaning; 24 hour ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the steps for creating a scannable form and defining the database associated with the activated form. It applies to forms developed for the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; scannable forms.
The National Human E...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Food Diary Follow Up Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; food diary follow up questionnaire.
The National Human Ex...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures used for the initial and periodic verification and validation of computer programs used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: Computers; Software; QA/QC.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Sur...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedure for conducting a data accuracy check on a randomly selected 10% sample of all electronic data. This procedure applies to the cleaned, working databases generated during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keyword...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire. This questionnaire was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: Data; Coding; Time Diary and Activity Questionnaire.
The National Hu...
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NHEXAS PHASE I ARIZONA STUDY--STANDARD OPERATING PROCEDURE FOR CODING: ARIZONA LAB DATA (UA-D-13.0)
The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for Arizona Lab Data. This strategy was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; lab data forms.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) is a federal ...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for the 24-Hour Food Diary. This diary was developed for use during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; 24-hour food diary.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) i...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform procedure for the collection of indoor floor dust samples in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent data retrieval of dust samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: field; va...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the global coding scheme to used in the working and master databases. This procedure applies to all of the databases used during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; coding; databases.
The National Human Exposu...
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the procedures involved in appending cleaned individual data batches to the master databases. This procedure applies to the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" study. Keywords: data; appending.
The National Human Exposure Assessment Sur...
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The purpose of this SOP is to establish a uniform procedure for the collection of residential foundation soil samples in the field. This procedure was followed to ensure consistent and reliable collection of outdoor soil samples during the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border"...
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An echocardiographic study of healthy Border Collies with normal reference ranges for the breed.
Jacobson, Jake H; Boon, June A; Bright, Janice M
2013-06-01
The objectives of this study were to obtain standard echocardiographic measurements from healthy Border Collies and to compare these measurements to those previously reported for a general population of dogs. Standard echocardiographic data were obtained from twenty apparently healthy Border Collie dogs. These data (n = 20) were compared to data obtained from a general population of healthy dogs (n = 69). Border Collies were deemed healthy based on normal history, physical examination, complete blood count, serum biochemical profile, electrocardiogram, and blood pressure, with no evidence of congenital or acquired heart disease on echocardiographic examination. Standard two dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler echocardiographic measurements were obtained and normal ranges determined. The data were compared to data previously obtained at our hospital from a general population of normal dogs. Two dimensional, M-mode, and Doppler reference ranges for healthy Border Collies are presented in tabular form. Comparison of the weight adjusted M-mode echocardiographic means from Border Collies to those from the general population of dogs showed Border Collies to have larger left ventricular systolic and diastolic dimensions, smaller interventricular septal thickness, and lower fractional shortening. There are differences in some echocardiographic parameters between healthy Border Collies and the general dog population, and the echocardiographic reference ranges provided in this study should be used as breed specific reference values for Border Collies. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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The purpose of this SOP is to define the coding strategy for coding and coding verification of hand-entered data. It applies to the coding of all physical forms, especially those coded by hand. The strategy was developed for use in the Arizona NHEXAS project and the "Border" st...
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2006-03-01
Crime_Trends_2005.pdf (accessed August 3, 2005). Consejo de Seguridad Publica , “Programa de Mediano Plazo 2004 - 2009: Seguridad Publica ,” http...international Southwest border. The issue of illegal human smuggling is not new to the United States- Mexico border or to law enforcement agencies...Operation Gatekeeper; Operation Hold the Line; Operation Stonegarden; Tucson Sector; US Border Patrol; US- Mexico border. 16. PRICE CODE 17. SECURITY
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47 CFR 27.57 - International coordination.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false International coordination. 27.57 Section 27.57 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) COMMON CARRIER SERVICES MISCELLANEOUS WIRELESS COMMUNICATIONS SERVICES Technical Standards § 27.57 International coordination. (a) WCS operations in the border...
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Surveillance at sea: The transactional politics of border control in the Aegean
Dijstelbloem, Huub; van Reekum, Rogier; Schinkel, Willem
2017-01-01
The relationship between vision and action is a key element of both practices and conceptualizations of border surveillance in Europe. This article engages with what we call the ‘operative vision’ of surveillance at sea, specifically as performed by the border control apparatus in the Aegean. We analyse the political consequences of this operative vision by elaborating on three examples of fieldwork conducted in the Aegean and on the islands of Chios and Lesbos. One of the main aims is to bring the figure of the migrant back into the study of border technologies. By combining insights from science and technology studies with border, mobility and security studies, the article distinguishes between processes of intervention, mobilization and realization and emphasizes the role of migrants in their encounter with surveillance operations. Two claims are brought forward. First, engaging with recent scholarly work on the visual politics of border surveillance, we circumscribe an ongoing ‘transactional politics’. Second, the dynamic interplay between vision and action brings about a situation of ‘recalcitrance’, in which mobile objects and subjects of various kinds are drawn into securitized relations, for instance in encounters between coast guard boats and migrant boats at sea. Without reducing migrants to epiphenomena of those relations, this recalcitrance typifies the objects of surveillance as both relatable as well as resistant, particularly in the tensions between border control and search and rescue. PMID:29046602
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Surveillance at sea: The transactional politics of border control in the Aegean.
Dijstelbloem, Huub; van Reekum, Rogier; Schinkel, Willem
2017-06-01
The relationship between vision and action is a key element of both practices and conceptualizations of border surveillance in Europe. This article engages with what we call the 'operative vision' of surveillance at sea, specifically as performed by the border control apparatus in the Aegean. We analyse the political consequences of this operative vision by elaborating on three examples of fieldwork conducted in the Aegean and on the islands of Chios and Lesbos. One of the main aims is to bring the figure of the migrant back into the study of border technologies. By combining insights from science and technology studies with border, mobility and security studies, the article distinguishes between processes of intervention, mobilization and realization and emphasizes the role of migrants in their encounter with surveillance operations. Two claims are brought forward. First, engaging with recent scholarly work on the visual politics of border surveillance, we circumscribe an ongoing 'transactional politics'. Second, the dynamic interplay between vision and action brings about a situation of 'recalcitrance', in which mobile objects and subjects of various kinds are drawn into securitized relations, for instance in encounters between coast guard boats and migrant boats at sea. Without reducing migrants to epiphenomena of those relations, this recalcitrance typifies the objects of surveillance as both relatable as well as resistant, particularly in the tensions between border control and search and rescue.
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Bordering on Success: Mexican American Students and High Stakes Testing.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Pedroza, Anna
The assumptions that high-stakes testing is useful in raising educational standards for all students and that higher standards lead to higher educational performance for all students have not been tested in schools along the Texas border with Mexico. This study analyzed the effects of the high-stakes testing policy on students in a small rural…
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Foreign currency-related translation complexities in cross-border healthcare applications.
Kumar, Anand; Rodrigues, Jean M
2009-01-01
International cross-border private hospital chains need to apply the standards for foreign currency translation in order to consolidate the balance sheet and income statements. This not only exposes such chains to exchange rate fluctuations in different ways, but also creates added requirements for enterprise-level IT systems especially when they produce parameters which are used to measure the financial and operational performance of the foreign subsidiary or the parent hospital. Such systems would need to come to terms with the complexities involved in such currency-related translations in order to provide the correct data for performance benchmarking.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Talynev, V. E.
2007-01-01
The specific character of border troops' performance of their operational and service tasks at border security posts and "hot spots" makes it necessary to analyze in depth and study the problems of how to improve the training of graduates and how to motivate the cadets enrolled in higher educational institutions of Russia's Federal…
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Ambassador Bridge Border Crossing System (ABBCS) : field operational test
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2000-05-01
The purpose of the Ambassador Bridge Border Crossing System (ABBCS) field operational test (FOT) was to demonstrate the ability of ITS technology to expedite safe and legal international border crossings between Detroit, Michigan, and Windsor, Ontari...
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Turner, Leigh G
2011-02-01
Patients are crossing national borders in search of affordable and timely health care. Many medical tourism companies are now involved in organizing cross-border health services. Despite the rapid expansion of the medical tourism industry, few standards exist to ensure that these businesses organize high-quality, competent international health care. Addressing the regulatory vacuum, 10 standards are proposed as a framework for regulating the medical tourism industry. Medical tourism companies should have to undergo accreditation review. Care should be arranged only at accredited international health-care facilities. Standards should be established to ensure that clients of medical tourism companies make informed choices. Continuity of care needs to become an integral feature of cross-border care. Restrictions should be placed on the use of waiver of liability forms by medical tourism companies. Medical tourism companies must ensure that they conform to relevant legislation governing privacy and confidentiality of patient information. Restrictions must be placed on the types of health services marketed by medical tourism companies. Representatives of medical tourism agencies should have to undergo training and certification. Medical travel insurance and medical complications insurance should be included in the health-care plans of patients traveling for care. To protect clients from financial losses, medical tourism companies should be mandated to contribute to compensation funds. Establishing high standards for the operation of medical tourism companies should reduce risks facing patients when they travel abroad for health care.
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Peculiarities of Professional Training of the Us Border Patrol Special Operations Group's Agents
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Bloshchynskyi, Ihor
2017-01-01
Professional training of the agents of the US Border Patrol Special Operations Groups has been substantiated in the article. Special attention has been paid to revealing Selection and Training Course (STC) of the Border Patrol Tactical Unit (BORTAC) and the Border Patrol Search, Trauma, and Rescue Unit (BORSTAR). It has been determined that BORTAC…
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Combinatorial algorithms for design of DNA arrays.
Hannenhalli, Sridhar; Hubell, Earl; Lipshutz, Robert; Pevzner, Pavel A
2002-01-01
Optimal design of DNA arrays requires the development of algorithms with two-fold goals: reducing the effects caused by unintended illumination (border length minimization problem) and reducing the complexity of masks (mask decomposition problem). We describe algorithms that reduce the number of rectangles in mask decomposition by 20-30% as compared to a standard array design under the assumption that the arrangement of oligonucleotides on the array is fixed. This algorithm produces provably optimal solution for all studied real instances of array design. We also address the difficult problem of finding an arrangement which minimizes the border length and come up with a new idea of threading that significantly reduces the border length as compared to standard designs.
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U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY--METALS IN AIR ANALYTICAL RESULTS
The Metals in Air data set contains analytical results for measurements of up to 11 metals in 344 air samples over 86 households. Samples were taken by pumping standardized air volumes through filters at indoor and outdoor sites around each household being sampled. The primary ...
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Coutts/Sweetgrass automated border crossing : phase I
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1999-03-01
The Coutts/Sweetgrass Automated Border Crossing Project was intended to improve operational efficiency of this rural border crossing facility using ITS applications. Phase I of the Coutts/Sweetgrass Automated Border Crossing Project was intended to r...
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47 CFR 90.1337 - Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Wireless Broadband Services in the 3650-3700 MHz Band § 90.1337 Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders. (a) Fixed devices generally must be located at least 8 kilometers from the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border if the antenna of that device looks within...
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Ghosn, Carole Abi; Zogheib, Carla; Makzoumé, Joseph E
2012-09-01
Definitions of the ala-tragus line (ATL) cause confusion, because the exact points of reference for this line do not agree. This study determined the relationship between the prosthetic occlusal plane (OP) corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue and ATL which was established by using the inferior border of the ala of the nose and (1) the superior border of the tragus (ATL 1), (2) the tip (ATL 2) and (3) the inferior border of the tragus (ATL 3). Neutral zone moldings using phonation and autopolymerizing acrylic resin were recorded and leveled with the lateral borders of the tongue. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken of each subject by a standard method. Tracings were obtained on acetate paper to show the prosthetic OP and the three ATLs. The relationship between the prosthetic OP and each of ATL was measured for each subject. Mean and standard deviation values were then calculated for the relationship. Statistical analysis was performed using repeated measure analysis of variance followed by Bonferroni pairwise comparisons and Student's t-test (α = 0.05). Significant difference was found between the three mean angles (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between the mean angle (5.00° ± 4.38) formed by OP and ATL 2, and the mean angle (4.90° ± 3.50) formed by OP and ATL 3 (p = 1.00) which revealed the smallest. The findings of this study indicated that ATLs, extending from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to (1) the tip of the tragus of the ear, and (2) the inferior border of the tragus presented the closest relationship to the prosthetic OP corresponding to the lateral borders of the tongue. When the ATL is used for orientation of the OP in denture construction, it would seem preferable to define it as running from the inferior border of the ala of the nose to the tip or to the inferior border of the tragus of the ear.
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Utilization of physician health care services in Mexico by U.S. Hispanic border residents.
Landeck, Michael; Garza, Cecilia
2002-01-01
One of the most controversial topics in the U.S. is the issue of accessibility to health services by U.S. residents. This issue is most critical to U.S. Hispanic residents living along the U.S.-Mexico border who have been identified as having low health standards and low socio-economic conditions when compared to the rest of the state and the country. The availability of lower cost health services across the U.S. border in Mexico is, therefore, perceived as a viable economic alternative source of health care. This study is derived from a health needs assessment survey of 1,100 households residing in Laredo, Texas, the largest land port along the 2,000-miles long U.S.-Mexico border. The major result of this study indicates that about 41.2 percent of the Laredo U.S. Hispanic residents are utilizing cross border physician health care services in Mexico.
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Nonstate Actors and the Open Border Policy: The Border Security Case Study of Nepal and India
2014-12-01
Washington headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports. 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204. Arlington, VA 22202-4302... remuneration .”276 This massive migration of young and eager workers allowed Germany to take advantage of booming industries and markets. The impact on
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Prophylactic dressing application to reduce pressure ulcer formation in cardiac surgery patients.
Brindle, C Tod; Wegelin, Jacob A
2012-01-01
The study was designed to determine if application of a self-adherent silicone border foam dressing would reduce pressure ulcer incidence when compared to standard preventive interventions among patients managed in a cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU). One hundred consecutive patients in the CSICU at Virginia Commonwealth University Medical Center in Richmond participated in the study. Fifteen were subsequently excluded due to incomplete data or failure to remain in the CSICU for at least 48 hours. Of the 100 subjects consecutively enrolled, 56 subjects were assigned to the intervention group with attrition of 6 subjects (6/56), and 39 were assigned to the standard care comparison group with attrition of 4 subjects (4/39). Five study forms were lost and the group assignment of those subjects is unknown. Patients admitted to the CSICU were assigned to either standard treatment or an intervention group consisting of standard preventive care plus application of the silicone border foam dressing. The assignment of subjects to these groups was done in a nonrandom manner, via prestudy room designation (7 intervention rooms/7 standard practice rooms) and room availability on call from the operating room. The charge nurse and bed management staff were unaware of room designation, and staff did not know which group the subjects were assigned to until they admitted the patient and opened the bedside chart that indicated group assignment. Twenty-one covariates were compared between the 2 groups. A Cox proportional hazards model was computed to compare the hazard (risk per unit time) of developing a pressure ulcer between these groups. Propensity score covariate adjustment was performed to adjust for any imbalance between the groups. Nine pressure ulcers developed during the course of the study. Eight pressure ulcers developed in 4 out of 35 patients who received standard preventive care; 5 were classified as suspected deep tissue injuries and 3 were classified as stage II pressure ulcers. One pressure ulcer developed in 1 out of 50 patients in the intervention group; it was classified as suspected deep tissue injury. No statistically significant difference in any covariate was found between the groups (all P > .058). The group that received standard care had a hazard ratio of 3.6 in relation to the intervention group, but this difference was not statistically significant (P = .3). Pressure ulcer incidence was lower than anticipated over the study period for both groups. No statistically significant difference in pressure ulcer incidence between the intervention and control groups was found. A randomized controlled trial based on a power analysis is needed to more precisely determine the efficacy of a silicone border foam dressing for prevention of pressure ulcers in the intensive care unit.
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Coalition Operations in Afghanistan Post 2014
2013-02-14
country. Their entry standards are higher than the Afghan National Police (ANP) or Afghan Border Patrol ( ABP ). The ANCOP receive more detailed...intelligence. Nonetheless, they do not trust of other forces and are reluctant to share information. The final two elements, the ANP and the ABP ...lower than in other forces. Senior leaders receive positions through bribes or favors. Of the five elements, the ANP and ABP have the most contact
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Nd:YAG laser in endodontics: filling-material edge bordering on a root channel laser cavity
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Belikov, Andrei V.; Sinelnik, Yuri A.; Moroz, Boris T.; Pavlovskaya, Irina V.
1997-12-01
For the very first time it is represented a study of filling material edge bordering upon root channel cavity modified with a laser. As a filling material it is used a glass ionomer cement. It is demonstrated that Nd:YAG laser radiation effects on increase of grade of edge bordering on the average of 20 - 30% at temperature rise of no more than 2 - 3 degrees in periodontium area in a period of operation.
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Infiltrating to Win: The Conduct of Border Denial Operations
2016-04-04
Infiltrating to Win: The Conduct of Border Denial Operations A Monograph by MAJ Craig A. Broyles United...YYYY) 12. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 04/04/2016 Monograph JUN 2015 - MAY 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER Infiltrating ...for public release; Distribution is unlimited. 13. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Covert cross border infiltration plays a critical role in
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Measuring cross-border travel times for freight : Otay Mesa international border crossing.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2010-09-01
Cross border movement of people and goods is a vital part of the North American economy. Accurate real-time data on travel times along the US-Mexico border can help generate a range of tangible benefits covering improved operations and security, lowe...
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2013-06-01
POLITICAL COSTS .......25 D. THE OVERALL TIMING OF NICARAGUAN CROSS-BORDER OFFENSIVES...27 E. THE TERMINATION OF NICARAGUAN CROSS-BORDER RAIDS...Exploit, and Analyze FARC Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia FDN Nicaraguan Democratic Force FLN Front de Libération Nationale FSLN Sandinista
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Cost and effectiveness analysis on unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) use at border security
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Yilmaz, Bahadır.
2013-06-01
Drones and Remotely Piloted Vehicles are types of Unmanned Aerial Vehicles. UAVs began to be used with the war of Vietnam, they had a great interest when Israel used them in Bekaa Valley Operations of 1982. UAVs have been used by different countries with different aims with the help of emerging technology and investments. In this article, in the context of areas of UAV usage in national security, benefits and disadvantages of UAVs are put forward. Particularly, it has been evaluated on the basis of cost-effectiveness by focusing the use of UAV in the border security. UAVs have been studied by taking cost analysis, procurement and operational costs into consideration. Analysis of effectiveness has been done with illegal passages of people and drugs from flight times of UAVs. Although the procurement cost of the medium-level UAVs is low, its operational costs are high. For this reason, the idea of less costly alternative systems have been revealed for the border security. As the costs are reduced to acceptable level involving national security and border security in future with high-technology products in their structure, it will continue to be used in an increasing proportion.
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First multiphoton tomography of brain in man
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
König, Karsten; Kantelhardt, Sven R.; Kalasauskas, Darius; Kim, Ella; Giese, Alf
2016-03-01
We report on the first two-photon in vivo brain tissue imaging study in man. High resolution in vivo histology by multiphoton tomography (MPT) including two-photon FLIM was performed in the operation theatre during neurosurgery to evaluate the feasibility to detect label-free tumor borders with subcellular resolution. This feasibility study demonstrates, that MPT has the potential to identify tumor borders on a cellular level in nearly real-time.
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Density-based parallel skin lesion border detection with webCL
2015-01-01
Background Dermoscopy is a highly effective and noninvasive imaging technique used in diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. Many aspects of the lesion under consideration are defined in relation to the lesion border. This makes border detection one of the most important steps in dermoscopic image analysis. In current practice, dermatologists often delineate borders through a hand drawn representation based upon visual inspection. Due to the subjective nature of this technique, intra- and inter-observer variations are common. Because of this, the automated assessment of lesion borders in dermoscopic images has become an important area of study. Methods Fast density based skin lesion border detection method has been implemented in parallel with a new parallel technology called WebCL. WebCL utilizes client side computing capabilities to use available hardware resources such as multi cores and GPUs. Developed WebCL-parallel density based skin lesion border detection method runs efficiently from internet browsers. Results Previous research indicates that one of the highest accuracy rates can be achieved using density based clustering techniques for skin lesion border detection. While these algorithms do have unfavorable time complexities, this effect could be mitigated when implemented in parallel. In this study, density based clustering technique for skin lesion border detection is parallelized and redesigned to run very efficiently on the heterogeneous platforms (e.g. tablets, SmartPhones, multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units) by transforming the technique into a series of independent concurrent operations. Heterogeneous computing is adopted to support accessibility, portability and multi-device use in the clinical settings. For this, we used WebCL, an emerging technology that enables a HTML5 Web browser to execute code in parallel for heterogeneous platforms. We depicted WebCL and our parallel algorithm design. In addition, we tested parallel code on 100 dermoscopy images and showed the execution speedups with respect to the serial version. Results indicate that parallel (WebCL) version and serial version of density based lesion border detection methods generate the same accuracy rates for 100 dermoscopy images, in which mean of border error is 6.94%, mean of recall is 76.66%, and mean of precision is 99.29% respectively. Moreover, WebCL version's speedup factor for 100 dermoscopy images' lesion border detection averages around ~491.2. Conclusions When large amount of high resolution dermoscopy images considered in a usual clinical setting along with the critical importance of early detection and diagnosis of melanoma before metastasis, the importance of fast processing dermoscopy images become obvious. In this paper, we introduce WebCL and the use of it for biomedical image processing applications. WebCL is a javascript binding of OpenCL, which takes advantage of GPU computing from a web browser. Therefore, WebCL parallel version of density based skin lesion border detection introduced in this study can supplement expert dermatologist, and aid them in early diagnosis of skin lesions. While WebCL is currently an emerging technology, a full adoption of WebCL into the HTML5 standard would allow for this implementation to run on a very large set of hardware and software systems. WebCL takes full advantage of parallel computational resources including multi-cores and GPUs on a local machine, and allows for compiled code to run directly from the Web Browser. PMID:26423836
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Density-based parallel skin lesion border detection with webCL.
Lemon, James; Kockara, Sinan; Halic, Tansel; Mete, Mutlu
2015-01-01
Dermoscopy is a highly effective and noninvasive imaging technique used in diagnosis of melanoma and other pigmented skin lesions. Many aspects of the lesion under consideration are defined in relation to the lesion border. This makes border detection one of the most important steps in dermoscopic image analysis. In current practice, dermatologists often delineate borders through a hand drawn representation based upon visual inspection. Due to the subjective nature of this technique, intra- and inter-observer variations are common. Because of this, the automated assessment of lesion borders in dermoscopic images has become an important area of study. Fast density based skin lesion border detection method has been implemented in parallel with a new parallel technology called WebCL. WebCL utilizes client side computing capabilities to use available hardware resources such as multi cores and GPUs. Developed WebCL-parallel density based skin lesion border detection method runs efficiently from internet browsers. Previous research indicates that one of the highest accuracy rates can be achieved using density based clustering techniques for skin lesion border detection. While these algorithms do have unfavorable time complexities, this effect could be mitigated when implemented in parallel. In this study, density based clustering technique for skin lesion border detection is parallelized and redesigned to run very efficiently on the heterogeneous platforms (e.g. tablets, SmartPhones, multi-core CPUs, GPUs, and fully-integrated Accelerated Processing Units) by transforming the technique into a series of independent concurrent operations. Heterogeneous computing is adopted to support accessibility, portability and multi-device use in the clinical settings. For this, we used WebCL, an emerging technology that enables a HTML5 Web browser to execute code in parallel for heterogeneous platforms. We depicted WebCL and our parallel algorithm design. In addition, we tested parallel code on 100 dermoscopy images and showed the execution speedups with respect to the serial version. Results indicate that parallel (WebCL) version and serial version of density based lesion border detection methods generate the same accuracy rates for 100 dermoscopy images, in which mean of border error is 6.94%, mean of recall is 76.66%, and mean of precision is 99.29% respectively. Moreover, WebCL version's speedup factor for 100 dermoscopy images' lesion border detection averages around ~491.2. When large amount of high resolution dermoscopy images considered in a usual clinical setting along with the critical importance of early detection and diagnosis of melanoma before metastasis, the importance of fast processing dermoscopy images become obvious. In this paper, we introduce WebCL and the use of it for biomedical image processing applications. WebCL is a javascript binding of OpenCL, which takes advantage of GPU computing from a web browser. Therefore, WebCL parallel version of density based skin lesion border detection introduced in this study can supplement expert dermatologist, and aid them in early diagnosis of skin lesions. While WebCL is currently an emerging technology, a full adoption of WebCL into the HTML5 standard would allow for this implementation to run on a very large set of hardware and software systems. WebCL takes full advantage of parallel computational resources including multi-cores and GPUs on a local machine, and allows for compiled code to run directly from the Web Browser.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Booker, Paul M.; Maple, Scott A.
2010-06-08
Due to international commerce, cross-border conflicts, and corruption, a holistic, information driven, approach to border security is required to best understand how resources should be applied to affect sustainable improvements in border security. The ability to transport goods and people by land, sea, and air across international borders with relative ease for legitimate commercial purposes creates a challenging environment to detect illicit smuggling activities that destabilize national level border security. Smuggling activities operated for profit or smuggling operations driven by cross border conflicts where militant or terrorist organizations facilitate the transport of materials and or extremists to advance a causemore » add complexity to smuggling interdiction efforts. Border security efforts are further hampered when corruption thwarts interdiction efforts or reduces the effectiveness of technology deployed to enhance border security. These issues necessitate the implementation of a holistic approach to border security that leverages all available data. Large amounts of information found in hundreds of thousands of documents can be compiled to assess national or regional borders to identify variables that influence border security. Location data associated with border topics of interest may be extracted and plotted to better characterize the current border security environment for a given country or region. This baseline assessment enables further analysis, but also documents the initial state of border security that can be used to evaluate progress after border security improvements are made. Then, border security threats are prioritized via a systems analysis approach. Mitigation factors to address risks can be developed and evaluated against inhibiting factor such as corruption. This holistic approach to border security helps address the dynamic smuggling interdiction environment where illicit activities divert to a new location that provides less resistance to smuggling activities after training or technology is deployed at a given location. This paper will present an approach to holistic border security information analysis.« less
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47 CFR 90.533 - Transmitting sites near the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
..../Mexico border. 90.533 Section 90.533 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED..../Canada or U.S./Mexico border. This section applies to each license to operate one or more public safety...) or within 120 kilometers (75 miles) of the U.S.-Mexico border, until such time as agreements between...
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47 CFR 90.533 - Transmitting sites near the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
..../Mexico border. 90.533 Section 90.533 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED..../Canada or U.S./Mexico border. This section applies to each license to operate one or more public safety...) or within 120 kilometers (75 miles) of the U.S.-Mexico border, until such time as agreements between...
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47 CFR 90.533 - Transmitting sites near the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
..../Mexico border. 90.533 Section 90.533 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED..../Canada or U.S./Mexico border. This section applies to each license to operate one or more public safety...) or within 120 kilometers (75 miles) of the U.S.-Mexico border, until such time as agreements between...
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47 CFR 90.533 - Transmitting sites near the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
..../Mexico border. 90.533 Section 90.533 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED..../Canada or U.S./Mexico border. This section applies to each license to operate one or more public safety...) or within 120 kilometers (75 miles) of the U.S.-Mexico border, until such time as agreements between...
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47 CFR 90.533 - Transmitting sites near the U.S./Canada or U.S./Mexico border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
..../Mexico border. 90.533 Section 90.533 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED..../Canada or U.S./Mexico border. This section applies to each license to operate one or more public safety...) or within 120 kilometers (75 miles) of the U.S.-Mexico border, until such time as agreements between...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kallo, Johanna; Semchenko, Anzhelika
2016-01-01
This article analyses the localisation of the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO)/Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) "Guidelines for Quality Provision in Cross-Border Higher Education" (2005) at the national and university levels in Finland and Russia. The article engages…
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47 CFR 22.579 - Operation of mobile transmitters across U.S.-Canada border.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... authority of base stations licensed under this part may receive two-way service while in Canada from... Mobile Operation § 22.579 Operation of mobile transmitters across U.S.-Canada border. Mobile stations licensed by Canada may receive two-way service while in the United States from stations licensed under this...
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14 CFR 93.71 - General operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-01-01
...) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES SPECIAL AIR TRAFFIC RULES Flight Restrictions in the Vicinity... International Control Dam) to the United States/Canadian Border and thence along the border to the point of... to approval of Transport Canada, aircraft carrying law enforcement officials, or aircraft carrying...
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75 FR 13168 - American Vantage Companies; Notice of Application
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-18
... Vantage Media Corporation to Genius, together with a 49% interest in the Border Grill Restaurant (``Border... other than gaming, media, restaurants and entertainment and has always emphasized its operating results... ongoing business operations in the placement agency, restaurant, gaming and entertainment fields and that...
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Operation Safe Border: The Ecuador-Peru Crisis
1996-01-01
52 JFQ / Spring 1996 In January 1995, the hemisphere was shocked by an outbreak of fighting between Ecuador and Peru over a long-festering border...Weidner, USA, is commander of the U.S. Military Group-Honduras and served as commander of the U.S. Contingent, Military Observer Mission, Ecuador ...Peru. Operation Safe Border: The Ecuador -Peru Crisis By G L E N N R. W E I D N E R Santiago River (fore- ground) and Yaupi River on Ecuador -Peru
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Canagaratna, M. R.; Jimenez, J. L.; Kroll, J. H.; Chen, Q.; Kessler, S. H.; Massoli, P.; Hildebrandt Ruiz, L.; Fortner, E.; Williams, L. R.; Wilson, K. R.; Surratt, J. D.; Donahue, N. M.; Jayne, J. T.; Worsnop, D. R.
2014-07-01
Elemental compositions of organic aerosol (OA) particles provide useful constraints on OA sources, chemical evolution, and effects. The Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) is widely used to measure OA elemental composition. This study evaluates AMS measurements of atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O : C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H : C), organic mass-to-organic carbon (OM : OC), and carbon oxidation state (OSC) for a vastly expanded laboratory dataset of multifunctional oxidized OA standards. For the expanded standard dataset, the "Aiken-Explicit" method (Aiken et al., 2008), which uses experimentally measured ion intensities at all ions to determine elemental ratios, reproduces known molecular O : C and H : C ratio values within 20% (average absolute value of relative errors) and 12% respectively. The more commonly used "Aiken-Ambient" method, which uses empirically estimated H2O+ and CO+ ion intensities to avoid gas phase air interferences at these ions, reproduces O : C and H : C of multifunctional oxidized species within 28% and 14% of known values. These values are systematically biased low, however, with larger biases observed for alcohols and simple diacids. A detailed examination of the H2O+, CO+, and CO2+ fragments in the high-resolution mass spectra of the standard compounds indicates that the Aiken-Ambient method underestimates the CO+ and H2O+ produced from many oxidized species. Combined AMS-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization measurements indicate that these ions are produced by dehydration and decarboxylation on the AMS vaporizer (usually operated at 600 °C). Thermal decomposition is observed to be efficient at vaporizer temperatures down to 200 °C. These results are used together to develop an "Improved-Ambient" elemental analysis method for AMS spectra measured in air. The Improved-Ambient method reduces the systematic biases and reproduces O : C (H : C) ratios of individual oxidized standards within 28% (13%) of the known molecular values. The error in Improved-Ambient O : C and H : C values is smaller (12% and 4% respectively) for synthetic mixtures of the oxidized organic standards, which are more representative of the complex mix of species present in ambient OA. For ambient OA, the Improved-Ambient method produces O : C (H : C) values that are 27% (11%) larger than previously published Aiken-Ambient values; a corresponding increase of 9% is observed for OM : OC values. These results imply that ambient OA has a higher relative oxygen content than previously estimated. The OSC values calculated for ambient OA by the two methods agree well, however (average relative difference of 0.06 OSC units). This indicates that OSC is a more robust metric of oxidation than O : C, likely since OSC is not affected by hydration or dehydration, either in the atmosphere or during analysis.
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47 CFR 90.1337 - Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders. 90.1337 Section 90.1337 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Wireless Broadband Services in the 3650-3700 MHz Band...
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47 CFR 90.1337 - Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operation near Canadian and Mexican borders. 90.1337 Section 90.1337 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO SERVICES PRIVATE LAND MOBILE RADIO SERVICES Wireless Broadband Services in the 3650-3700 MHz Band...
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Employing U.S. Army Special Forces to Defeat America’s Emerging Threats
2013-04-01
GPF operation which is primarily focused on improving allied and host nation security force capacity.36 In 2004, the El Salvadorian Ambassador to...forces to Haiti to conduct Stability Operations following their devastating earthquakes . Operation Unified Quest, led by LTG Ken Keen included personnel...U.S. Border Patrol (point of entry and border security operations), 95th Civil Affairs Brigade (Civil Affairs related activities), El Paso and Austin
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ferriere, D.; Rucinski, A.; Jankowski, T.
2007-04-01
Establishing a Virtual Sea Border by performing a real-time, satellite-accessible Internet-based bio-metric supported threat assessment of arriving foreign-flagged cargo ships, their management and ownership, their arrival terminal operator and owner, and rewarding proven legitimate operators with an economic incentive for their transparency will simultaneously improve port security and maritime transportation efficiencies.
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2012-07-01
The purpose of this effort was to conduct a border-wide assessment of the use of intelligent transportation systems (ITS) technologies and operational concepts at and near land border crossings between the U.S. and Mexico. The work focused on tolling...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Canagaratna, M. R.; Jimenez, J. L.; Kroll, J. H.; Chen, Q.; Kessler, S. H.; Massoli, P.; Hildebrandt Ruiz, L.; Fortner, E.; Williams, L. R.; Wilson, K. R.; Surratt, J. D.; Donahue, N. M.; Jayne, J. T.; Worsnop, D. R.
2015-01-01
Elemental compositions of organic aerosol (OA) particles provide useful constraints on OA sources, chemical evolution, and effects. The Aerodyne high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer (HR-ToF-AMS) is widely used to measure OA elemental composition. This study evaluates AMS measurements of atomic oxygen-to-carbon (O : C), hydrogen-to-carbon (H : C), and organic mass-to-organic carbon (OM : OC) ratios, and of carbon oxidation state (OS C) for a vastly expanded laboratory data set of multifunctional oxidized OA standards. For the expanded standard data set, the method introduced by Aiken et al. (2008), which uses experimentally measured ion intensities at all ions to determine elemental ratios (referred to here as "Aiken-Explicit"), reproduces known O : C and H : C ratio values within 20% (average absolute value of relative errors) and 12%, respectively. The more commonly used method, which uses empirically estimated H2O+ and CO+ ion intensities to avoid gas phase air interferences at these ions (referred to here as "Aiken-Ambient"), reproduces O : C and H : C of multifunctional oxidized species within 28 and 14% of known values. The values from the latter method are systematically biased low, however, with larger biases observed for alcohols and simple diacids. A detailed examination of the H2O+, CO+, and CO2+ fragments in the high-resolution mass spectra of the standard compounds indicates that the Aiken-Ambient method underestimates the CO+ and especially H2O+ produced from many oxidized species. Combined AMS-vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) ionization measurements indicate that these ions are produced by dehydration and decarboxylation on the AMS vaporizer (usually operated at 600 °C). Thermal decomposition is observed to be efficient at vaporizer temperatures down to 200 °C. These results are used together to develop an "Improved-Ambient" elemental analysis method for AMS spectra measured in air. The Improved-Ambient method uses specific ion fragments as markers to correct for molecular functionality-dependent systematic biases and reproduces known O : C (H : C) ratios of individual oxidized standards within 28% (13%) of the known molecular values. The error in Improved-Ambient O : C (H : C) values is smaller for theoretical standard mixtures of the oxidized organic standards, which are more representative of the complex mix of species present in ambient OA. For ambient OA, the Improved-Ambient method produces O : C (H : C) values that are 27% (11%) larger than previously published Aiken-Ambient values; a corresponding increase of 9% is observed for OM : OC values. These results imply that ambient OA has a higher relative oxygen content than previously estimated. The OS C values calculated for ambient OA by the two methods agree well, however (average relative difference of 0.06 OS C units). This indicates that OS C is a more robust metric of oxidation than O : C, likely since OS C is not affected by hydration or dehydration, either in the atmosphere or during analysis.
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Root Border Cells and Their Role in Plant Defense.
Hawes, Martha; Allen, Caitilyn; Turgeon, B Gillian; Curlango-Rivera, Gilberto; Minh Tran, Tuan; Huskey, David A; Xiong, Zhongguo
2016-08-04
Root border cells separate from plant root tips and disperse into the soil environment. In most species, each root tip can produce thousands of metabolically active cells daily, with specialized patterns of gene expression. Their function has been an enduring mystery. Recent studies suggest that border cells operate in a manner similar to mammalian neutrophils: Both cell types export a complex of extracellular DNA (exDNA) and antimicrobial proteins that neutralize threats by trapping pathogens and thereby preventing invasion of host tissues. Extracellular DNases (exDNases) of pathogens promote virulence and systemic spread of the microbes. In plants, adding DNase I to root tips eliminates border cell extracellular traps and abolishes root tip resistance to infection. Mutation of genes encoding exDNase activity in plant-pathogenic bacteria (Ralstonia solanacearum) and fungi (Cochliobolus heterostrophus) results in reduced virulence. The study of exDNase activities in plant pathogens may yield new targets for disease control.
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Evaluation of vincristine-associated myelosuppression in Border Collies.
Lind, Denise L; Fidel, Janean L; Gay, John M; Mealey, Katrina L
2013-02-01
To determine whether Border Collies (ATP binding cassette subfamily B1 gene [ABCB1] wildtype) were more likely than other breeds to develop vincristine-associated myelosuppression (VAM) and, if so, whether this was caused by a mutation in ABCB1 distinct from ABCB1-1Δ. Phase 1 comprised 36 dogs with the ABCB1 wildtype, including 26 dogs with lymphoma (5 Border Collies and 21 dogs representing 13 other breeds) treated with vincristine in a previous study; phase 2 comprised 10 additional Border Collies, including 3 that developed VAM and 7 with an unknown phenotype. For phase 1, the prevalence of VAM in ABCB1-wildtype Border Collies was compared with that for ABCB1-wildtype dogs of other breeds with data from a previous study. For phase 2, additional Border Collies were included. Hematologic adverse reactions were graded with Veterinary Co-operative Oncology Group criteria. Genomic DNA was used to amplify and sequence all 27 exons of the canine ABCB1. Sequences from affected dogs were compared with those of unaffected dogs and dogs of unknown phenotype. 3 of 5 Border Collies with the ABCB1 wildtype developed VAM; this was significantly higher than the proportion of other dogs that developed VAM (0/21). A causative mutation for VAM in Border Collies was not identified, although 8 single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB1 were detected. Breed-associated sensitivity to vincristine unrelated to ABCB1 was detected in Border Collies. Veterinarians should be aware of this breed predisposition to VAM. Causes for this apparent breed-associated sensitivity should be explored.
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75 FR 31429 - Kinder Morgan Border Pipeline LLC; Notice of Baseline Filing
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-03
... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Federal Energy Regulatory Commission [Docket No. PR10-26-000] Kinder Morgan Border Pipeline LLC; Notice of Baseline Filing May 27, 2010. Take notice that on May 24, 2010, Kinder Morgan Border Pipeline LLC submitted a baseline filing of its Statement of Operating Conditions for...
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Border effect-based precise measurement of any frequency signal
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bai, Li-Na; Ye, Bo; Xuan, Mei-Na; Jin, Yu-Zhen; Zhou, Wei
2015-12-01
Limited detection resolution leads to fuzzy areas during the measurement, and the discrimination of the border of a fuzzy area helps to use the resolution stability. In this way, measurement precision is greatly improved, hence this phenomenon is named the border effect. The resolution fuzzy area and its application should be studied to realize high-resolution measurement. During the measurement of any frequency signal, the fuzzy areas of phase-coincidence detection are always discrete and irregular. In this paper the difficulty in capturing the border information of discrete fuzzy areas is overcome and extra-high resolution measurement is implemented. Measurement precision of any frequency-signal can easily reach better than 1 × 10-11/s in a wide range of frequencies, showing the great importance of the border effect. An in-depth study of this issue has great significance for frequency standard comparison, signal processing, telecommunication, and fundamental subjects. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 10978017 and 61201288), the Natural Science Foundation of Research Plan Projects of Shaanxi Province, China (Grant No. 2014JM2-6128), and the Sino-Poland Science and Technology Cooperation Projects (Grant No. 36-33).
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Oren, Eyal; Alatorre-Izaguirre, Gabriela; Vargas-Villarreal, Javier; Moreno-Treviño, Maria Guadalupe; Garcialuna-Martinez, Javier; Gonzalez-Salazar, Francisco
2015-01-01
Nearly one-third of the world’s population is infected with latent tuberculosis (LTBI). Tuberculosis (TB) rates in the border states are higher than national rates in both the US and Mexico, with the border accounting for 30% of total registered TB cases in both countries. However, LTBI rates in the general population in Mexican border states are unknown. In this region, LTBI is diagnosed using the tuberculin skin test (TST). New methods of detection more specific than TST have been developed, although there is currently no gold standard for LTBI detection. Our objective is to demonstrate utility of the Quantiferon TB gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test compared with the TST to detect LTBI among border populations. This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out in border areas of the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants (n = 210) provided a TST and blood sample for the QFT-GIT. Kappa coefficients assessed the agreement between TST and QFT-GIT. Participant characteristics were compared using Fisher exact tests. Thirty-eight percent of participants were diagnosed with LTBI by QFT-GIT. The proportion of LTBI detected using QFT-GIT was almost double [38% (79/210)] that found by TST [19% (39/210)] (P < 0.001). Concordance between TST and QFT-GIT was low (kappa = 0.37). We recommend further studies utilizing the QFT-GIT test to detect LTBI among border populations. PMID:26484340
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Oren, Eyal; Alatorre-Izaguirre, Gabriela; Vargas-Villarreal, Javier; Moreno-Treviño, Maria Guadalupe; Garcialuna-Martinez, Javier; Gonzalez-Salazar, Francisco
2015-01-01
Nearly one-third of the world's population is infected with latent tuberculosis (LTBI). Tuberculosis (TB) rates in the border states are higher than national rates in both the US and Mexico, with the border accounting for 30% of total registered TB cases in both countries. However, LTBI rates in the general population in Mexican border states are unknown. In this region, LTBI is diagnosed using the tuberculin skin test (TST). New methods of detection more specific than TST have been developed, although there is currently no gold standard for LTBI detection. Our objective is to demonstrate utility of the Quantiferon TB gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT) test compared with the TST to detect LTBI among border populations. This is an observational, cross-sectional study carried out in border areas of the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas, Mexico. Participants (n = 210) provided a TST and blood sample for the QFT-GIT. Kappa coefficients assessed the agreement between TST and QFT-GIT. Participant characteristics were compared using Fisher exact tests. Thirty-eight percent of participants were diagnosed with LTBI by QFT-GIT. The proportion of LTBI detected using QFT-GIT was almost double [38% (79/210)] that found by TST [19% (39/210)] (P < 0.001). Concordance between TST and QFT-GIT was low (kappa = 0.37). We recommend further studies utilizing the QFT-GIT test to detect LTBI among border populations.
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Infectious Disease Border Issues Conference: Meeting Synopsis
2012-04-03
methicillin - resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Operation MECACAR 1998 was highlighted as a successful example of cross-border coordination...training courses, no joint public health investigation teams) and illegal animal transportation across borders were identified as some of the existing...Work (2007), including fostering global partnerships; strengthening public health security in travel and transport ; improving the WHO global alert
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Adaptation of interoperability standards for cross domain usage
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Essendorfer, B.; Kerth, Christian; Zaschke, Christian
2017-05-01
As globalization affects most aspects of modern life, challenges of quick and flexible data sharing apply to many different domains. To protect a nation's security for example, one has to look well beyond borders and understand economical, ecological, cultural as well as historical influences. Most of the time information is produced and stored digitally and one of the biggest challenges is to receive relevant readable information applicable to a specific problem out of a large data stock at the right time. These challenges to enable data sharing across national, organizational and systems borders are known to other domains (e.g., ecology or medicine) as well. Solutions like specific standards have been worked on for the specific problems. The question is: what can the different domains learn from each other and do we have solutions when we need to interlink the information produced in these domains? A known problem is to make civil security data available to the military domain and vice versa in collaborative operations. But what happens if an environmental crisis leads to the need to quickly cooperate with civil or military security in order to save lives? How can we achieve interoperability in such complex scenarios? The paper introduces an approach to adapt standards from one domain to another and lines out problems that have to be overcome and limitations that may apply.
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Smart border: ad-hoc wireless sensor networks for border surveillance
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
He, Jun; Fallahi, Mahmoud; Norwood, Robert A.; Peyghambarian, Nasser
2011-06-01
Wireless sensor networks have been proposed as promising candidates to provide automated monitoring, target tracking, and intrusion detection for border surveillance. In this paper, we demonstrate an ad-hoc wireless sensor network system for border surveillance. The network consists of heterogeneously autonomous sensor nodes that distributively cooperate with each other to enable a smart border in remote areas. This paper also presents energy-aware and sleeping algorithms designed to maximize the operating lifetime of the deployed sensor network. Lessons learned in building the network and important findings from field experiments are shared in the paper.
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Mobile surveillance units (MSU) for border protection and homeland defense
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Crandon, Christopher; Kimber, Paul K.
2003-09-01
During the last 12 years the European Union (EU) has financed the new member applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparation for joining the EU. Based on this enlargement of the EU, funding for border protection has been made available from the overall infrastructure improvement budget. Border protection was required in areas where border conflicts had taken place and to limit illegal immigration and smuggling. After 9/11 defence against terrorist activities will no doubt be added to the requirement. This paper describes the approach taken in the provision of police and para-military Mobile Surveillance Units (MSU's). This approach may also be considered for the US Homeland Defense initiative. These MSU's utilize standard road vehicles converted to use high performance military thermal imagers, such as SiGMA. In future the current, in service, MSU will require increased sensor integration and networking to cover land and coastal borders. The underlying key is affordability for the police and para-military markets while retaining the highest performance derived from the latest military standard thermal imagers.
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Mobile surveillance units (MSU) for border protection of the enlarged economic union
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Crandon, Christopher
2004-12-01
During the last 12 years the European Union (EU) has financed the new member applicant countries of Central and Eastern Europe in their preparation for joining the EU. Based on this enlargement of the EU, funding for Cross Border Protection has been made available from the overall infrastructure improvement budget. Border protection was required in areas where border conflicts had taken place and to limit Illegal Immigration (II) and smuggling. After 9/11/2001, defence against terrorist activities will no doubt be added to the requirement. This paper describes the approach taken in the design of the latest "containerised" police and para military Mobile Surveillance Units (MSUs). This approach may also be considered for Homeland Security initiatives. These MSU's utilise standard road vehicles, and off-road variants, converted to use high performance military thermal imagers, such as SiGMA. In future the current, in service, MSUs will require increased sensor integration and networking to cover land and coastal borders. The underlying key is affordability for the police and para-military markets whilst retaining the highest performance derived from the latest SFPA military standard thermal imagers.
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Computer-aided osteotomy design for harvesting autologous bone grafts in reconstructive surgery
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Krol, Zdzislaw; Zerfass, Peter; von Rymon-Lipinski, Bartosz; Jansen, Thomas; Hauck, Wolfgang; Zeilhofer, Hans-Florian U.; Sader, Robert; Keeve, Erwin
2001-05-01
Autologous grafts serve as the standard grafting material in the treatment of maxillofacial bone tumors, traumatic defects or congenital malformations. The pre-selection of a donor site depends primarily on the morphological fit of the available bone mass and the shape of the part that has to be transplanted. To achieve sufficient incorporation of the autograft into the host bone, precise planning and simulation of the surgical intervention based on 3D CT studies is required. This paper presents a method to identify an optimal donor site by performing an optimization of appropriate similarity measures between donor region and a given transplant. At the initial stage the surgeon has to delineate the osteotomy border lines in the template CT data set and to define a set of constraints for the optimization of appropriate similarity measures between donor region and a given transplant. At the initial stage the surgeon has to delineate the osteotomy border lines in the template CT data set and to define a set of constraints for the optimization task in the donor site CT data set. The following fully automatic optimization stage delivers a set of sub-optimal and optimal donor sites for a given template. All generated solutions can be explored interactively on the computer display using an efficient graphical interface. Reconstructive operations supported by our system were performed on 28 patients. We found that the operation time can be considerably shortened by this approach.
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International Border Electronic Clearance -- IBEX : evaluation report
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1998-07-01
The International Border Electronic Crossing (IBEX) system implemented in this operational test was intended to demonstrate the integration of electronic information systems and technologies aimed at facilitating the safe, efficient movement of goods...
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7 CFR 354.1 - Overtime work at border ports, sea ports, and airports.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 7 Agriculture 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Overtime work at border ports, sea ports, and airports... EXPORTS; AND USER FEES § 354.1 Overtime work at border ports, sea ports, and airports. (a)(1) Any person... of aircraft at airports of entry or other places of inspection as a consequence of the operation of...
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Panfil, Eva-Maria; Kirchner, Elisabeth; Bauder-Missbach, Heidi; Haasenritter, Jörg; Eisenschink, Anna Maria
2009-09-01
In a five-year intervention study about the impact of pre-operative mobilisation training session of patients receiving an elective medial laparotomy experiences about the collaboration between practice (University Hospital Ulm) and science (Hessian Institute of Nursing Research) were made. During the project possibilities and borders of clinical nursing research became clear. A research question based on practice experiences of nurses helps to develop and maintain motivation to conduct a study at a nursing unit. There was a lack of nursing knowledge to develop the best possible design, e.g. outcome criteria for mobilisation and standardized assessment instruments. The cooperation with other health care professionals (human movement science, statistics) was important and without difficulties. In Germany, without doctors' agreement and common application it is impossible to conduct nursing intervention studies in hospitals. It is necessary to train nursing specialists with both scientific and clinical competence to explore systematically clinical research questions.
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78 FR 11671 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-02-19
... Term. 5. Discuss the Statement of Work and Next Steps regarding the Global Supply Chain Subcommittee... and Border Protection, Department of Homeland Security (DHS). ACTION: Committee Management; Notice of...
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2013-05-23
to improving the ongoing Brazilian government policy, and consequentially the operational role of the Brazilian Army and its contribution to achieving...threats may be conducive to improving the ongoing Brazilian government policy, and consequentially the operational role of the Brazilian Army and its...approximately 10,000 miles) of the coastline borders its neighbors.1 It shares a border with all South American countries except Chile, Ecuador
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Figure-ground organization and the emergence of proto-objects in the visual cortex.
von der Heydt, Rüdiger
2015-01-01
A long history of studies of perception has shown that the visual system organizes the incoming information early on, interpreting the 2D image in terms of a 3D world and producing a structure that provides perceptual continuity and enables object-based attention. Recordings from monkey visual cortex show that many neurons, especially in area V2, are selective for border ownership. These neurons are edge selective and have ordinary classical receptive fields (CRF), but in addition their responses are modulated (enhanced or suppressed) depending on the location of a 'figure' relative to the edge in their receptive field. Each neuron has a fixed preference for location on one side or the other. This selectivity is derived from the image context far beyond the CRF. This paper reviews evidence indicating that border ownership selectivity reflects the formation of early object representations ('proto-objects'). The evidence includes experiments showing (1) reversal of border ownership signals with change of perceived object structure, (2) border ownership specific enhancement of responses in object-based selective attention, (3) persistence of border ownership signals in accordance with continuity of object perception, and (4) remapping of border ownership signals across saccades and object movements. Findings 1 and 2 can be explained by hypothetical grouping circuits that sum contour feature signals in search of objectness, and, via recurrent projections, enhance the corresponding low-level feature signals. Findings 3 and 4 might be explained by assuming that the activity of grouping circuits persists and can be remapped. Grouping, persistence, and remapping are fundamental operations of vision. Finding these operations manifest in low-level visual areas challenges traditional views of visual processing. New computational models need to be developed for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the visual cortex.
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Figure–ground organization and the emergence of proto-objects in the visual cortex
von der Heydt, Rüdiger
2015-01-01
A long history of studies of perception has shown that the visual system organizes the incoming information early on, interpreting the 2D image in terms of a 3D world and producing a structure that provides perceptual continuity and enables object-based attention. Recordings from monkey visual cortex show that many neurons, especially in area V2, are selective for border ownership. These neurons are edge selective and have ordinary classical receptive fields (CRF), but in addition their responses are modulated (enhanced or suppressed) depending on the location of a ‘figure’ relative to the edge in their receptive field. Each neuron has a fixed preference for location on one side or the other. This selectivity is derived from the image context far beyond the CRF. This paper reviews evidence indicating that border ownership selectivity reflects the formation of early object representations (‘proto-objects’). The evidence includes experiments showing (1) reversal of border ownership signals with change of perceived object structure, (2) border ownership specific enhancement of responses in object-based selective attention, (3) persistence of border ownership signals in accordance with continuity of object perception, and (4) remapping of border ownership signals across saccades and object movements. Findings 1 and 2 can be explained by hypothetical grouping circuits that sum contour feature signals in search of objectness, and, via recurrent projections, enhance the corresponding low-level feature signals. Findings 3 and 4 might be explained by assuming that the activity of grouping circuits persists and can be remapped. Grouping, persistence, and remapping are fundamental operations of vision. Finding these operations manifest in low-level visual areas challenges traditional views of visual processing. New computational models need to be developed for a comprehensive understanding of the function of the visual cortex. PMID:26579062
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Jewett, Lauren; Harroud, Adil; Hill, Michael D.; Côté, Robert; Wein, Theodore; Smith, Eric E.; Gubitz, Gord; Demchuk, Andrew M.; Sahlas, Demetrios J.; Gladstone, David J.; Lindsay, M. Patrice
2018-01-01
Background: Rapid assessment and management of transient ischemic attacks and nondisabling strokes by specialized stroke prevention services reduces the risk of recurrent stroke and improves outcomes. In Canada, with its vast geography and with 16.8% of the population living in rural areas, access to these services is challenging, and considerable variation in access to care exists. The purpose of this multiphase study was to identify sites across Canada providing stroke prevention services, evaluate resource capacity and determine geographic access for Canadians. Methods: We developed a Stroke Prevention Services Resource Inventory that contained 22 questions on the organization and delivery of stroke prevention services and quality monitoring. The inventory ran from November 2015 to January 2016 and was administered online. We conducted a geospatial analysis to estimate access by drive times. Considerations were made for hours of operation and access within and across provincial borders. Results: A total of 123 stroke prevention sites were identified, of which 119 (96.7%) completed the inventory. Most (95) are designated stroke prevention or rapid assessment clinics. Of the 119 sites, 68 operate full time, and 39 operate less than 2.5 days per week. A total of 87.3% of the Canadian population has access to a stroke prevention service within a 1-hour drive; however, only 69.2% has access to a service that operates 5-7 days a week. Allowing provincial border crossing improves access (< 6-h drive) for those who are beyond a 6-hour drive within their home province (3.4%). Interpretation: Most Canadians have reasonable geographic access to stroke prevention services. Allowing patients to cross borders improves the existing access for many, particularly some remote communities along the Ontario-Quebec and British Columbia-Alberta borders. PMID:29472251
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Not Available
1992-04-01
This Environmental Assessment documents the analysis of alternative corridors for development and operation of a proposed 115 kilovolt transmission line using private lands and transporting power to the US-Mexico international border. The project will require (1) an amendment to El Paso Electric Company`s existing export authorization to transfer power across this border, and (2) a Presidential Permit for construction of the transmission line. The project would be located in Dona Ana county in southern New Mexico, approximately five miles west of El Paso, Texas. The alternative corridors, specific locations within those corridors, and structure types are identified and analyzed inmore » the environmental studies.« less
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wilkerson, Andrea; Sullivan, Gregory P.; Davis, Robert G.
Along the Yuma Sector Border Patrol Area in Yuma, Arizona, the GATEWAY program conducted a trial evaluation in which the incumbent quartz metal halide area lighting was replaced with LED at three pole locations, and illuminance measurements were recorded initially and at 2500 hours, 5000 hours, 7000, and 11,000 hours of operation. Additionally, four second-generation LED luminaires installed as part of the full installation were evaluated initially and again after 4,000 hours of operation. While the initial energy, lighting quality, and maintenance benefits relative to the incumbent high-pressure sodium system were very satisfactory, the study raises important questions regarding themore » long-term performance of LED lighting systems in high-temperature environments.« less
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Measuring and documenting truck activity times at international border crossings.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2014-04-01
Documenting the times trucks incur when crossing an international border facility is : valuable both to the private freight industry and to gateway facility operators and planners. : Members of the project team previously developed and implemented an...
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2012-05-01
established trafficking corridors: Southern California, Arizona/ Sonora , New Mexico /West Texas, and Southeast Texas. Each RCC would absorb, consolidate... Mexico , Southwest Border, Transnational Criminal Organizations Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified Unclassified UU 39 United Stales Marine Corps...and smuggle people across the border with Mexico .” —President Barack H. Obama, August 13, 20101 The United States’ (U.S.) 2,000-mile porous
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Traveling the Terror Highway: Infiltration of Terror Operatives across the U.S.-Mexico Border
2011-12-01
this thesis are those of the author and do not reflect the official policy or position of the Department of Defense or the U.S. Government . IRB...Immigration Advisory Program SWI Southwest Border Initiative FY Fiscal Year GAO Government Accounting Office BEST Border Enforcement Security...for Ecuador . Hassan avoided flying into Venezuela, worried about its heavy focus from the international law enforcement community. Ecuador was
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"The perfect business": human trafficking and Lao-Thai cross-border migration.
Molland, Sverre
2010-01-01
Over the past few years some governments and development organizations have increasingly articulated cross-border mobility as "trafficking in persons". The notion of a market where traffickers prey on the "supply" of migrants that flows across international borders to meet the "demand" for labour has become a central trope among anti-trafficking development organizations. This article problematizes such economism by drawing attention to the oscillating cross-border migration of Lao sex workers within a border zone between Laos and Thailand. It illuminates the incongruity between the recruitment of women into the sex industry along the Lao-Thai border and the market models that are employed by the anti-trafficking sector. It discusses the ways in which these cross-border markets are conceived in a context where aid programming is taking on an increasingly important role in the politics of borders. The author concludes that allusions to ideal forms of knowledge (in the guise of classic economic theory) and an emphasis on borders become necessary for anti-trafficking programmes in order to make their object of intervention legible as well as providing post-hoc rationalizations for their continuing operation.
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European Patient Summary Guideline: Focus on Greece.
Berler, Alexander; Tagaris, Anastassios; Chronaki, Catherine
2016-01-01
The European Patient Summary (PS) guideline specifies a minimal dataset of essential and important information for unplanned or emergency care initially defined in the epSOS project with aim to improve patients' safety and quality of Care. The eHealth Network of European Union (EU) Member State (MS) representatives established under Article 14 of the EU directive 2011/24 on patient rights to cross-border healthcare adopted PS guideline in November 2013 and since then the guideline has been part of MS strategic eHealth implementation plans, standardization efforts, and concrete regional, national, European and international projects. This paper reviews implementation efforts for the implementation of an operational patient summary service in Greece drawing on challenges and lessons learned for sustainable standards-based large scale eHealth deployment in Europe and abroad, as well as the reuse of best practices from international standards and integration profiles.
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Truck transportation through border ports of entry : analysis of coordination systems.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2002-11-01
This report identifies shortcomings in coordination at U.S. Mexico border ports-of-entry and recommends alternatives that would improve operations and reduce congestion and delay. Based on the review of numerous previous reports and more than 100...
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Taherifard, Pegah; Delpisheh, Ali; Shirali, Ramin; Afkhamzadeh, Abdorrahim; Veisani, Yousef
2013-01-01
Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered as one of the mood disturbances occurring during 2-3 months after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated risk factors in border city of Ilam, western Iran. Methods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2011, overall, 197 women who attended Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics postpartumly in the border city of Ilam, western Iran, were randomly recruited. A standard questionnaire that was completed by a trained midwife through face to face interviews was used for data gathering. Results. Mean age ± standard deviations was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Prevalence of PPD was estimated to be 34.8% (95% CI: 27.7-41.7). A significant difference was observed among depression scores before and after delivery (P ≤ 0.001). Type of delivery (P = 0.044), low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011), and women having low educational level (P = 0.009) were the most important significant risk factors associated with PPD. The regression analysis showed that employed mothers compared to housekeepers were more at risk for PPD (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22-2.28, P = 0.003). Conclusions. Prevalence of PPD in western Iran was slightly higher than the corresponding rate from either national or international reports.
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The contribution of neighbouring countries to pesticide levels in Dutch surface waters.
Van 'T Zelfde, M; Tamis, W L M; Vijver, M G; De Snoo, G R
2011-01-01
Compared with other European countries, Dutch consumption of pesticides is high, particularly in agriculture, with many of the compounds found in surface waters in high concentrations and various standards being exceeded. Surface water quality is routinely monitored and the data obtained are published in the Dutch Pesticides Atlas. One important mechanism for reducing pesticide levels in surface waters is authorisation policy, which proceeds on the assumption that the pollution concerned has taken place in the Netherlands. The country straddles the delta of several major European rivers, however, and as river basins do not respect national borders some of the water quality problems will derive from neighbouring countries. Against this background the general question addressed in this article is the following: To what extent do countries neighbouring on the Netherlands contribute to pesticide pollution of Dutch surface waters? To answer this question, data from the Pesticides Atlas for the period 2005-2009 were used. Border zones with Belgium and Germany were defined and the data for these zones compared with Dutch data. In the analyses, due allowance was also made for authorised and non-authorised compounds and for differences between flowing and stagnant waters. Monitoring efforts in the border zones and in the Netherlands were also characterised, showing that efforts in the former are similar to those in the rest of the country. In the border zone with Belgium the relative number of non-authorised pesticides exceeding the standards is clearly higher than in the rest of the Netherlands. These exceedances are observed mainly in flowing waters. In contrast, there is no difference in the relative number of standard-exceeding measurements between the border zones and the rest of the Netherlands. In the boundary zones the array of standard-exceeding compounds clearly deviates from that in the rest of the Netherlands, with compounds authorised in the neighbouring countries but not in the Netherlands, such as flufenacet, featuring prominently. The share of the neighbouring countries in the total number of exceedances in the Netherlands is roughly proportional to the relative area of the border zones. Although there is a certain influx of pesticides from across national borders, the magnitude of the problem appears to be limited.
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Straddle carrier radiation portal monitoring
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Andersen, Eric S.; Samuel, Todd J.; Mullen, O. Dennis
2005-05-01
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the primary enforcement agency protecting the nation"s ports of entry. CBP is enhancing its capability to interdict the illicit import of nuclear and radiological materials and devices that may be used by terrorists. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is providing scientific and technical support to CBP in their goal to enable rapid deployment of nuclear and radiation detection systems at U. S. ports of entry to monitor 100% of the incoming international traffic and cargo while not adversely impacting the operations or throughput of the ports. The U.S. ports of entry include the following vectors: land border crossings, seaports, airports, rail crossings, and mail and express consignment courier facilities. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) determined that a screening solution was needed for Seaport cargo containers being transported by Straddle Carriers (straddle carriers). A stationary Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) for Straddle Carriers (SCRPM) is needed so that cargo containers can be scanned while in transit under a Straddle Carrier. The Straddle Carrier Portal operational impacts were minimized by conducting a time-motion study at the Port, and adaptation of a Remotely Operated RPM (RO-RPM) booth concept that uses logical lighting schemes for traffic control, cameras, Optical Character Recognition, and wireless technology.
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Straddle Carrier Radiation Portal Monitoring
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Andersen, Eric S.; Samuel, Todd J.; Mullen, O Dennis
2005-08-01
U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) is the primary enforcement agency protecting the nation’s ports of entry. CBP is enhancing its capability to interdict the illicit import of nuclear and radiological materials and devices that may be used by terrorists. Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) is providing scientific and technical support to CBP in their goal to enable rapid deployment of nuclear and radiation detection systems at U. S. ports of entry to monitor 100% of the incoming international traffic and cargo while not adversely impacting the operations or throughput of the ports. The U.S. ports of entry include themore » following vectors: land border crossings, seaports, airports, rail crossings, and mail and express consignment courier facilities. U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP) determined that a screening solution was needed for Seaport cargo containers being transported by Straddle Carriers (straddle carriers). A stationary Radiation Portal Monitor (RPM) for Straddle Carriers (SCRPM) is needed so that cargo containers can be scanned while in transit under a Straddle Carrier. The Straddle Carrier Portal operational impacts were minimized by conducting a time-motion study at the Port, and adaptation of a Remotely Operated RPM (RO-RPM) booth concept that uses logical lighting schemes for traffic control, cameras, Optical Character Recognition, and wireless technology.« less
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-08
... natural gas liquids (NGLs), propylene, and ethylene between the United States and Canada. Lines 16, 18 and... maintenance at the borders of the United States, of facilities for the exportation or importation of liquid...
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Constrained navigation for unmanned systems
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vasseur, Laurent; Gosset, Philippe; Carpentier, Luc; Marion, Vincent; Morillon, Joel G.; Ropars, Patrice
2005-05-01
The French Military Robotic Study Program (introduced in Aerosense 2003), sponsored by the French Defense Procurement Agency and managed by Thales as the prime contractor, focuses on about 15 robotic themes which can provide an immediate "operational add-on value". The paper details the "constrained navigation" study (named TEL2), which main goal is to identify and test a well-balanced task sharing between man and machine to accomplish a robotic task that cannot be performed autonomously at the moment because of technological limitations. The chosen function is "obstacle avoidance" on rough ground and quite high speed (40 km/h). State of the art algorithms have been implemented to perform autonomous obstacle avoidance and following of forest borders, using scanner laser sensor and standard localization functions. Such an "obstacle avoidance" function works well most of the time, BUT fails sometimes. The study analyzed how the remote operator can manage such failures so that the system remains fully operationally reliable; he can act according to two ways: a) finely adjust the vehicle current heading; b) take the control of the vehicle "on the fly" (without stopping) and bring it back to autonomous behavior when motion is secured again. The paper also presents the results got from the military acceptance tests performed on French 4x4 DARDS ATD.
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Scapular thickness--implications for fracture fixation.
Burke, Charity S; Roberts, Craig S; Nyland, John A; Radmacher, Paula G; Acland, Robert D; Voor, Michael J
2006-01-01
The purpose of this study was to measure and map scapula osseous thickness to identify the optimal areas for internal fixation. Eighteen (9 pairs) scapulae from 2 female and 7 male cadavers were used. After harvest and removal of all soft tissues, standardized measurement lines were made based on anatomic landmarks. For consistency among scapulae, measurements were taken at standard percentage intervals along each line approximating the distance between two consecutive reconstruction plate screw holes. Two-mm-diameter drill holes were made at each point, and a standard depth gauge was used to measure thickness. The glenoid fossa (25 mm) displayed the greatest mean osseous thickness, followed by the lateral scapular border (9.7 mm), the scapula spine (8.3 mm), and the central portion of the body of the scapula (3.0 mm). To optimize screw purchase and internal fixation strength, the lateral border, the lateral aspect of the base of the scapula spine, and the scapula spine itself should be used for anatomic sites of internal fixation of scapula fractures.
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Kassam, A M; Tillotson, L; Schranz, P J; Mandalia, V I
2015-01-01
The aim of the study is to show, on an MRI scan, that the posterior border of the anterior horn of the lateral meniscus (AHLM) could guide tibial tunnel position in the sagittal plane and provide anatomical graft position. One hundred MRI scans were analysed with normal cruciate ligaments and no evidence of meniscal injury. We measured the distance between the posterior border of the AHLM and the midpoint of the ACL by superimposing sagittal images. The mean distance between the posterior border of the AHLM and the ACL midpoint was -0.1mm (i.e. 0.1mm posterior to the ACL midpoint). The range was 5mm to -4.6mm. The median value was 0.0mm. 95% confidence interval was from -0.5 to 0.3mm. A normal, parametric distribution was observed and Intra- and inter-observer variability showed significant correlation (p<0.05) using Pearsons Correlation test (intra-observer) and Interclass correlation (inter-observer). Using the posterior border of the AHLM is a reproducible and anatomical marker for the midpoint of the ACL footprint in the majority of cases. It can be used intra-operatively as a guide for tibial tunnel insertion and graft placement allowing anatomical reconstruction. There will inevitably be some anatomical variation. Pre-operative MRI assessment of the relationship between AHLM and ACL footprint is advised to improve surgical planning. Level 4.
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Exploring Operational Test and Evaluation of Unmanned Aircraft Systems: A Qualitative Case Study
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Saliceti, Jose A.
The purpose of this qualitative case study was to explore and identify strategies that may potentially remedy operational test and evaluation procedures used to evaluate Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) technology. The sample for analysis consisted of organizations testing and evaluating UASs (e.g., U.S. Air Force, U.S. Navy, U.S. Army, U.S. Marine Corps, U.S. Coast Guard, and Customs Border Protection). A purposeful sampling technique was used to select 15 subject matter experts in the field of operational test and evaluation of UASs. A questionnaire was provided to participants to construct a descriptive and robust research. Analysis of responses revealed themes related to each research question. Findings revealed operational testers utilized requirements documents to extrapolate measures for testing UAS technology and develop critical operational issues. The requirements documents were (a) developed without the contribution of stakeholders and operational testers, (b) developed with vague or unrealistic measures, and (c) developed without a systematic method to derive requirements from mission tasks. Four approaches are recommended to develop testable operational requirements and assist operational testers: (a) use a mission task analysis tool to derive requirements for mission essential tasks for the system, (b) exercise collaboration among stakeholders and testers to ensure testable operational requirements based on mission tasks, (c) ensure testable measures are used in requirements documents, and (d) create a repository list of critical operational issues by mission areas. The preparation of operational test and evaluation processes for UAS technology is not uniform across testers. The processes in place are not standardized, thus test plan preparation and reporting are different among participants. A standard method to prepare and report UAS technology should be used when preparing and reporting on UAS technology. Using a systematic process, such as mission-based test design, resonated among participants as an analytical method to link UAS mission tasks and measures of performance to the capabilities of the system under test when developing operational test plans. Further research should examine system engineering designs for system requirements traceability matrix of mission tasks and subtasks while using an analysis tool that adequately evaluates UASs with an acceptable level of confidence in the results.
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2017-01-20
Documenting the times trucks incur when crossing an international border facility is valuable both to the private freight industry and to gateway facility operators and planners. : Members of the project team previously developed and implemented an a...
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The Hammer and the Anvil: The Need for A Comprehensive Southwest Border Security Strategy
2010-06-02
ublic figures voiced concern about the “war on drugs,” the right level and kind of immigration, problems along the southwest border, migration , crises...thesis, Naval Postgraduate School, 2006), 1. 27 K. Larry Stores, Mexico-U.S. Dialogue on Migration and Border Issues 2001-2005, (Washington, DC...13 Seven organized crime families operate the drug trade in and from Mexico. The Sinaloa Federation is a cocaine smuggling organization headed by
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Palmanovich, Ezequiel; Frankl, M; Nyska, M; Hetsroni, I; Constantini, N; Trejo, L; Bechar, R; Novak, G; Lankovsky, Z; Mann, G
2017-08-01
Stress fractures (SFs) occur when microdamage caused by repetitive mechanical load exceeds the biological load-bearing capacity of the bone. The study objective was to test whether a vest specifically designed and manufactured for female recruits, compared with the standard vest used on a regular basis by Border Police recruits, would reduce the incidence of SF in female Border Police recruits. Data based on reports of military personnel show that women are more likely to sustain SFs. A follow-up of 240 female Border Police infantry recruits, divided into two trial groups, was conducted from 2007 to 2009. Two different vests were evaluated-the standard special unit fighting vest, which was conventionally used by both men and women during basic training, and the new fighting vest, specially design for female body shape. No significant difference was noted in the number of SFs between the two groups which may be attributed to increased weight of the new vest. There was a lower incidence of long bone SFs which may have been due to the superior vest design. The female Border Police Infantry recruits expressed great satisfaction with the new vest. Increased effort should be invested to further reduce the weight of female combat gear, alongside efforts to improve fit and comfort. Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/.
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Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block.
Thangavelu, K; Kannan, R; Kumar, N Senthil; Rethish, E; Sabitha, S; Sayeeganesh, N
2012-07-01
The mandibular foramen (MF) is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for divisions of the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. The aim of this study is to determine the position of the MF from various anatomical landmarks in several dry adult mandibles. A total of 102 human dry mandibles were examined, of which 93 were of dentulous and 9 were of edentulous. The measurements were taken from the anterior border of the ramus (coronoid notch) to the midportion of the MF and then from the midportion of the MF to the other landmarks such as internal oblique ridge, inferior border, sigmoid notch, and condyle were measured and recorded. The data were compared using Student's t-test. The MF is positioned at a mean distance of 19 mm (with SD 2.34) from coronoid notch of the anterior border of the ramus. Superio-inferiorly from the condyle to the inferior border MF is situated 5 mm inferior to the midpoint of condyle to the inferior border distance (ramus height). We conclude that failures in the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve are due to the operator error and not due to the anatomical variation.
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2013-01-01
Afghanistan Border Police Battalion (BN) Headquarters (HQ) to replace an existing sub-standard fac ility. The standard ABP BN HQ manning documents call for...current manning of the site revealed that an ABP BN HQ unit is now utilizing this as a headquarters. An ABP BN HQ has a tashkil manning of 59 personnel...The facility was built for 175 personnel. The difference in designs between an ABP battalion and a company is the amount of barrack space. The build
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2016-11-30
Documenting the times trucks incur when crossing an international border facility is valuable both to the private freight industry and to gateway facility operators and planners. Members of the project team previously developed and implemented an app...
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Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1999.
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Moeng, Chin-Hoh; Poulos, Gregory S.; Lemone, Margaret A.
2003-10-01
Surface-station, radiosonde, and Doppler minisodar data from the Cooperative Atmosphere-Surface Exchange Study-1997 (CASES-97) field project, collected in a 60-km-wide array in the lower Walnut River watershed (terrain variation 150 m) southeast of Wichita, Kansas, are used to study the relationship of the change of the 2-m potential temperature 2m with station elevation ze, 2m/ze ,ze to the ambient wind and thermal stratification /z ,z during fair-weather nights. As in many previous studies, predawn 2m varies linearly with ze, and ,ze ,z over a depth h that represents the maximum elevation range of the stations. Departures from the linear 2m-elevation relationship (
,ze line) are related to vegetation (cool for vegetation, warm for bare ground), local terrain (drainage flows from nearby hills, although a causal relationship is not established), and the formation of a cold pool at lower elevations on some days.
The near-surface flow and its evolution are functions of the Froude number Fr = S/(Nh), where S is the mean wind speed from the surface to h, and N is the corresponding Brunt-Väisälä frequency. The near-surface wind is coupled to the ambient flow for Fr = 3.3, based on where the straight line relating ,ze to ln Fr intersects the ln Fr axis. Under these conditions, 2m is constant horizontally even though ,z > 0, suggesting that near-surface air moves up- and downslope dry adiabatically. However, 2m cools (or warms) everywhere at the same rate. The lowest Froude numbers are associated with drainage flows, while intermediate values characterize regimes with intermediate behavior. The evolution of 2m horizontal variability σ through the night is also a function of the predawn Froude number. For the nights with the lowest Fr, the σ maximum occurs in the last 1-3 h before sunrise. For nights with Fr 
3.3 (,ze 
0) and for intermediate values, σ peaks 2-3 h after sunset. The standard deviations relative to the ,ze line reach their lowest values in the last hours of darkness. Thus, it is not surprising that the relationships of ,ze to Fr and ,z based on data through the night show more scatter, and ,ze 0.5,z in contrast to the predawn relationship. However, ,ze 0 for ln Fr = 3.7, a value similar to that just before sunrise.A heuristic Lagrangian parcel model is used to explain the horizontal uniformity of time-evolving 2m when the surface flow is coupled with the ambient wind, as well as both the linear variation of 2m with elevation and the time required to reach maximum values of σ under drainage-flow conditions. -
2000-06-01
appropriate working definition. Whereas command takes the form of art , control borders closely on the realm of science . One source holds control to be: [The......OPERATIONAL ART 6 3 COMMAND, CONTROL, AND AIRPOWER 15 4 CASE STUDIES IN THE COMMAND-AND-CONTROL OF AIRPOWER 30 5 CONCLUSIONS 78 6 IMPLICATIONS 87 GLOSSARY
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Wu, J C-L; Bradley, R H; Chiang, T-L
2012-07-01
Taiwan has experienced a large influx of cross-border marriage migrants in recent years. The majority have been women in their childbearing ages and have come from countries with lower average standards of living than Taiwan. This trend has changed the ethnic composition of children who live in Taiwan, and it has generated considerable social concern over the future health status of Taiwan's citizens. This study aimed to examine: (1) whether there are disparities in development between children reared in families characterized by cross-border marriages and children reared in families with two Taiwanese-born parents; and (2) whether the quality of home environment explains the group differences in early childhood development. Data came from the Taiwan Birth Cohort Study. A total of 19,499 participants who completed 6-month, 18-month and 3-year surveys were included for analysis. Cross-border marriage status was defined by mother's original nationality and categorized into three broad groups: Taiwanese-born, Chinese cross-border and South-East Asian (SEA) cross-border. Early childhood development was measured at age 3 years, and covered the domains of gross motor, fine motor, language and socio-emotional competence. Hierarchical linear regressions were used to examine the mediation effects of the home environment. Children of Chinese and SEA cross-border groups scored lower in fine motor, language and socio-emotional competence than those of their Taiwanese-born counterpart at age 3 years. Chinese-Taiwanese group differences in all three developmental domains became insignificant after the addition of home environment, while SEA-Taiwanese group differences in fine motor and language development remained, yet were noticeably reduced. The mediation of home environment was further confirmed using the Sobel test. Home environment plays a central role in reducing the disparities in developmental outcomes among children of different marriage groups. Interventions should be directed towards enhancing the quality of early home environment for children reared in families of cross-border marriages. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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A Study on Standard Competition with Network Effect Based on Evolutionary Game Model
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wang, Ye; Wang, Bingdong; Li, Kangning
Owing to networks widespread in modern society, standard competition with network effect is now endowed with new connotation. This paper aims to study the impact of network effect on standard competition; it is organized in the mode of "introduction-model setup-equilibrium analysis-conclusion". Starting from a well-structured model of evolutionary game, it is then extended to a dynamic analysis. This article proves both theoretically and empirically that whether or not a standard can lead the market trends depends on the utility it would bring, and the author also discusses some advisable strategies revolving around the two factors of initial position and border break.
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2013-05-24
abuse of materiel. In zones that were under-resourced, zone commanders do not have the resources to meet their operational needs. Funding for Canine ...Program – Coalition forces and German Police Training Teams worked with the Border Police to develop a canine program to search for explosives and...airports and major border crossings did not know if their canine teams would be available post-2014, which prevented planning for effective security
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Soviet-Warsaw Pact Western Theater of Military Operations: Organization and Missions.
1987-08-01
Khabarovsk Border Troops Gen A Gerasino Transbaykal Border Group Gen I Zaytsev District I Troops Dist Primorskiy Border Troops Amur Natl*Gen A Afanas’yev...while Dutch and German Leopards battled T-72s. In the air, F-15s and F-16s would fight various MiGs. The U.S. technological advantage in electronics...achieved along the Amur River in 1945 could not be repeated on the Rhine. 5See Velikaya otechestvennaya voyna Sovetskogo soyuza (The Great Patriotic
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The Structure of Borders in a Small World
Thiemann, Christian; Theis, Fabian; Grady, Daniel; Brune, Rafael; Brockmann, Dirk
2010-01-01
Territorial subdivisions and geographic borders are essential for understanding phenomena in sociology, political science, history, and economics. They influence the interregional flow of information and cross-border trade and affect the diffusion of innovation and technology. However, it is unclear if existing administrative subdivisions that typically evolved decades ago still reflect the most plausible organizational structure of today. The complexity of modern human communication, the ease of long-distance movement, and increased interaction across political borders complicate the operational definition and assessment of geographic borders that optimally reflect the multi-scale nature of today's human connectivity patterns. What border structures emerge directly from the interplay of scales in human interactions is an open question. Based on a massive proxy dataset, we analyze a multi-scale human mobility network and compute effective geographic borders inherent to human mobility patterns in the United States. We propose two computational techniques for extracting these borders and for quantifying their strength. We find that effective borders only partially overlap with existing administrative borders, and show that some of the strongest mobility borders exist in unexpected regions. We show that the observed structures cannot be generated by gravity models for human traffic. Finally, we introduce the concept of link significance that clarifies the observed structure of effective borders. Our approach represents a novel type of quantitative, comparative analysis framework for spatially embedded multi-scale interaction networks in general and may yield important insight into a multitude of spatiotemporal phenomena generated by human activity. PMID:21124970
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The structure of borders in a small world.
Thiemann, Christian; Theis, Fabian; Grady, Daniel; Brune, Rafael; Brockmann, Dirk
2010-11-18
Territorial subdivisions and geographic borders are essential for understanding phenomena in sociology, political science, history, and economics. They influence the interregional flow of information and cross-border trade and affect the diffusion of innovation and technology. However, it is unclear if existing administrative subdivisions that typically evolved decades ago still reflect the most plausible organizational structure of today. The complexity of modern human communication, the ease of long-distance movement, and increased interaction across political borders complicate the operational definition and assessment of geographic borders that optimally reflect the multi-scale nature of today's human connectivity patterns. What border structures emerge directly from the interplay of scales in human interactions is an open question. Based on a massive proxy dataset, we analyze a multi-scale human mobility network and compute effective geographic borders inherent to human mobility patterns in the United States. We propose two computational techniques for extracting these borders and for quantifying their strength. We find that effective borders only partially overlap with existing administrative borders, and show that some of the strongest mobility borders exist in unexpected regions. We show that the observed structures cannot be generated by gravity models for human traffic. Finally, we introduce the concept of link significance that clarifies the observed structure of effective borders. Our approach represents a novel type of quantitative, comparative analysis framework for spatially embedded multi-scale interaction networks in general and may yield important insight into a multitude of spatiotemporal phenomena generated by human activity.
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Intelligence-Driven Border Security: A Promethean View of U.S. Border Patrol Intelligence Operations
2015-12-01
USBP agent, intelligence ( BPA -I), information sharing, capability gap analysis process (CGAP), Tucson Sector Red Team 15. NUMBER OF PAGES 109 16...27 2. BPA -I .............................................................................................28 3. BPA -I Requirements...71 APPENDIX A. PROFESSIONAL INTELLIGENCE ASSOCIATIONS— ADDITIONAL OPPORTUNITIES FOR BPA -IS
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76 FR 71994 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-11-21
... recommendations on how to proceed on those topics: Subcommittee: The Global Supply Chain Security Land Border... document for public release.--Report by the Global Supply Chain Security Air Cargo Subcommittee. Status... surveys (IPR Partnership Program Survey and IPR Distribution Chain Management survey). Subcommittee...
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Border Collision of Three-Phase Voltage-Source Inverter System with Interacting Loads
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Li, Zhen; Liu, Bin; Li, Yining; Wong, Siu-Chung; Liu, Xiangdong; Huang, Yuehui
As a commercial interface, three-phase voltage-source inverters (VSI) are commonly equipped for energy conversion to export DC power from most distributed generation (DG) to the AC utility. Not only do voltage-source converters take charge of converting the power to the loads but support the grid voltage at the point of common connection (PCC) as well, which is dependent on the condition of the grid-connected loads. This paper explores the border collision and its interacting mechanism among the VSI, resistive interacting loads and grids, which manifests as the alternating emergence of the inverting and rectifying operations, where the normal operation is terminated and a new one is assumed. Their mutual effect on the power quality under investigation will cause the circuital stability issue and further deteriorate the voltage regulation capability of VSI by dramatically raising the grid voltage harmonics. It is found in a design-oriented view that the border collision operation will be induced within the unsuitable parameter space with respect to transmission lines of AC grid, resistive loads and internal resistance of VSI. The physical phenomenon is also identified by the theoretical analysis. With numerical simulations for various circuit conditions, the corresponding bifurcation boundaries are collected, where the stability of the system is lost via border collision.
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Taherifard, Pegah; Delpisheh, Ali; Shirali, Ramin; Afkhamzadeh, Abdorrahim; Veisani, Yousef
2013-01-01
Background. Postpartum depression (PPD) is considered as one of the mood disturbances occurring during 2-3 months after delivery. The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of PPD and its associated risk factors in border city of Ilam, western Iran. Methods. Through a descriptive cross-sectional study in 2011, overall, 197 women who attended Obstetrics & Gynecology clinics postpartumly in the border city of Ilam, western Iran, were randomly recruited. A standard questionnaire that was completed by a trained midwife through face to face interviews was used for data gathering. Results. Mean age ± standard deviations was 27.9 ± 5.2 years. Prevalence of PPD was estimated to be 34.8% (95% CI: 27.7–41.7). A significant difference was observed among depression scores before and after delivery (P ≤ 0.001). Type of delivery (P = 0.044), low socioeconomic status (P = 0.011), and women having low educational level (P = 0.009) were the most important significant risk factors associated with PPD. The regression analysis showed that employed mothers compared to housekeepers were more at risk for PPD (adjusted OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.22–2.28, P = 0.003). Conclusions. Prevalence of PPD in western Iran was slightly higher than the corresponding rate from either national or international reports. PMID:23984055
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Onset of chaos in a single-phase power electronic inverter.
Avrutin, Viktor; Mosekilde, Erik; Zhusubaliyev, Zhanybai T; Gardini, Laura
2015-04-01
Supported by experiments on a power electronic DC/AC converter, this paper considers an unusual transition from the domain of stable periodic dynamics (corresponding to the desired mode of operation) to chaotic dynamics. The behavior of the converter is studied by means of a 1D stroboscopic map derived from a non-autonomous ordinary differential equation with discontinuous right-hand side. By construction, this stroboscopic map has a high number of border points. It is shown that the onset of chaos occurs stepwise, via irregular cascades of different border collisions, some of which lead to bifurcations while others do not.
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Migrant deaths at the Arizona-Mexico border: Spatial trends of a mass disaster.
Giordano, Alberto; Spradley, M Katherine
2017-11-01
Geographic Information Science (GIScience) technology has been used to document, investigate, and predict patterns that may be of utility in both forensic academic research and applied practice. In examining spatial and temporal trends of the mass disaster that is occurring along the U.S.-Mexico border, other researchers have highlighted predictive patterns for search and recovery efforts as well as water station placement. The purpose of this paper is to use previously collected spatial data of migrant deaths from Arizona to address issues of data uncertainty and data accuracy that affect our understanding of this phenomenon, including local and federal policies that impact the U.S.-Mexico border. The main objective of our study was to explore how the locations of migrant deaths have varied over time. Our results confirm patterns such as a lack of relationship between Border Patrol apprehensions and migrant deaths, as well as highlight new patterns such as the increased positional accuracy of migrant deaths recorded closer to the border. This paper highlights the importance of using positionally accurate data to detect spatio-temporal trends in forensic investigations of mass disasters: without qualitative and quantitative information concerning the accuracy of the data collected, the reliability of the results obtained remains questionable. We conclude by providing a set of guidelines for standardizing the collection and documentation of migrant remains at the U.S.-Mexico border. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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Computing border bases using mutant strategies
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ullah, E.; Abbas Khan, S.
2014-01-01
Border bases, a generalization of Gröbner bases, have actively been addressed during recent years due to their applicability to industrial problems. In cryptography and coding theory a useful application of border based is to solve zero-dimensional systems of polynomial equations over finite fields, which motivates us for developing optimizations of the algorithms that compute border bases. In 2006, Kehrein and Kreuzer formulated the Border Basis Algorithm (BBA), an algorithm which allows the computation of border bases that relate to a degree compatible term ordering. In 2007, J. Ding et al. introduced mutant strategies bases on finding special lower degree polynomials in the ideal. The mutant strategies aim to distinguish special lower degree polynomials (mutants) from the other polynomials and give them priority in the process of generating new polynomials in the ideal. In this paper we develop hybrid algorithms that use the ideas of J. Ding et al. involving the concept of mutants to optimize the Border Basis Algorithm for solving systems of polynomial equations over finite fields. In particular, we recall a version of the Border Basis Algorithm which is actually called the Improved Border Basis Algorithm and propose two hybrid algorithms, called MBBA and IMBBA. The new mutants variants provide us space efficiency as well as time efficiency. The efficiency of these newly developed hybrid algorithms is discussed using standard cryptographic examples.
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50 CFR 218.24 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... border of the exclusion zone (i.e., the circumference of the area from the border of the exclusion zone... array) could be used to determine if marine mammals are in the area before and/or after a detonation..., logistics, and operational concerns. (iv) MMOs shall observe from the same height above water as the...
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50 CFR 218.24 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... border of the exclusion zone (i.e., the circumference of the area from the border of the exclusion zone... array) could be used to determine if marine mammals are in the area before and/or after a detonation..., logistics, and operational concerns. (iv) MMOs shall observe from the same height above water as the...
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Challenges in biobank governance in Sub-Saharan Africa
2013-01-01
Background Biological sample and data transfer within and out of Africa is steeped in controversy With the H3Africa project now aiming to establish biobanks in Africa, it is essential that there are ethical and legal governance structures in place to oversee the operation of these biobanks. Such governance is essential to ensuring that donors are protected, that cultural perspectives are respected and that researchers have a ready availability of ethically sourced biological samples. Methods A literature review of all legislation, regulations, guidelines and standard operating procedures on informed consent, confidentiality and the transfer of biological samples amongst countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was conducted. In addition, an examination of the websites of departments of health and national ethics committees was performed. Researchers and research ethics scholars in the field in various African countries were contacted for assistance. A literature review of all studies examining participants views on issues related to biobanking in Africa was carried out and five separate studies were found. Results It was found that biobanking guidelines differ substantially across Sub-Saharan Africa regarding biobanking and often conflicted across borders. This has the potential to negatively impact collaboration. Furthermore, the guidelines in place often do not recognise the ethical difficulties arising from the transfer of biological samples and are unsuitable to regulate biobanks. Additionally, there is insufficient research into the views of research participants and stakeholders on the use of biological /samples. Conclusion Collaboration is necessary to ensure the success of biobanking projects in Africa. To achieve this, there should be some harmonization of guidelines across Africa which would aid in transferring biological samples across borders. These guidelines should reflect the unique ethical issues arising out of the storage and secondary uses of biological samples. Finally, further research into the views of research participants is necessary. Such studies should aid in the drafting of any new harmonization guidelines. PMID:24025667
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Challenges in biobank governance in Sub-Saharan Africa.
Staunton, Ciara; Moodley, Keymanthri
2013-09-11
Biological sample and data transfer within and out of Africa is steeped in controversy With the H3Africa project now aiming to establish biobanks in Africa, it is essential that there are ethical and legal governance structures in place to oversee the operation of these biobanks. Such governance is essential to ensuring that donors are protected, that cultural perspectives are respected and that researchers have a ready availability of ethically sourced biological samples. A literature review of all legislation, regulations, guidelines and standard operating procedures on informed consent, confidentiality and the transfer of biological samples amongst countries in Sub-Saharan Africa was conducted. In addition, an examination of the websites of departments of health and national ethics committees was performed. Researchers and research ethics scholars in the field in various African countries were contacted for assistance. A literature review of all studies examining participants views on issues related to biobanking in Africa was carried out and five separate studies were found. It was found that biobanking guidelines differ substantially across Sub-Saharan Africa regarding biobanking and often conflicted across borders. This has the potential to negatively impact collaboration. Furthermore, the guidelines in place often do not recognise the ethical difficulties arising from the transfer of biological samples and are unsuitable to regulate biobanks. Additionally, there is insufficient research into the views of research participants and stakeholders on the use of biological /samples. Collaboration is necessary to ensure the success of biobanking projects in Africa. To achieve this, there should be some harmonization of guidelines across Africa which would aid in transferring biological samples across borders. These guidelines should reflect the unique ethical issues arising out of the storage and secondary uses of biological samples. Finally, further research into the views of research participants is necessary. Such studies should aid in the drafting of any new harmonization guidelines.
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Significance of localization of mandibular foramen in an inferior alveolar nerve block
Thangavelu, K.; Kannan, R.; Kumar, N. Senthil; Rethish, E.; Sabitha, S.; SayeeGanesh, N.
2012-01-01
Background: The mandibular foramen (MF) is an opening on the internal surface of the ramus for divisions of the mandibular vessels and nerve to pass. The aim of this study is to determine the position of the MF from various anatomical landmarks in several dry adult mandibles. Materials and Methods: A total of 102 human dry mandibles were examined, of which 93 were of dentulous and 9 were of edentulous. The measurements were taken from the anterior border of the ramus (coronoid notch) to the midportion of the MF and then from the midportion of the MF to the other landmarks such as internal oblique ridge, inferior border, sigmoid notch, and condyle were measured and recorded. Results: The data were compared using Student's t-test. The MF is positioned at a mean distance of 19 mm (with SD 2.34) from coronoid notch of the anterior border of the ramus. Superio-inferiorly from the condyle to the inferior border MF is situated 5 mm inferior to the midpoint of condyle to the inferior border distance (ramus height). Conclusion: We conclude that failures in the anesthesia of the inferior alveolar nerve are due to the operator error and not due to the anatomical variation. PMID:23225978
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Community engagement on the Thai–Burmese border: rationale, experience and lessons learnt
Cheah, Phaik Yeong; Lwin, Khin Maung; Phaiphun, Lucy; Maelankiri, Ladda; Parker, Michael; Day, Nicholas P.; White, Nicholas J.; Nosten, François
2012-01-01
Community engagement is increasingly promoted in developing countries, especially in international health research, but there is little published experience. The Shoklo Malaria Research Unit (SMRU) conducts research with refugees, migrant workers, displaced people, and day migrants on the Thai-Burmese border, and has recently facilitated the set up of the Tak Province Border Community Ethics Advisory Board (T-CAB). Valuable lessons have been learnt from consultation with the T-CAB especially in the area of participant recruitment and the informed consent process. A lot of new research questions have emerged from consultation with the T-CAB. This paper describes our experience, lessons learnt and the unique challenges faced working with the T-CAB from its initial conception to date. We conclude that consultation with the T-CAB has made improvements in our research in particular operational and ethical aspects of our studies. PMID:22984375
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Automatic segmentation of mandible in panoramic x-ray.
Abdi, Amir Hossein; Kasaei, Shohreh; Mehdizadeh, Mojdeh
2015-10-01
As the panoramic x-ray is the most common extraoral radiography in dentistry, segmentation of its anatomical structures facilitates diagnosis and registration of dental records. This study presents a fast and accurate method for automatic segmentation of mandible in panoramic x-rays. In the proposed four-step algorithm, a superior border is extracted through horizontal integral projections. A modified Canny edge detector accompanied by morphological operators extracts the inferior border of the mandible body. The exterior borders of ramuses are extracted through a contour tracing method based on the average model of mandible. The best-matched template is fetched from the atlas of mandibles to complete the contour of left and right processes. The algorithm was tested on a set of 95 panoramic x-rays. Evaluating the results against manual segmentations of three expert dentists showed that the method is robust. It achieved an average performance of [Formula: see text] in Dice similarity, specificity, and sensitivity.
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Durham, Jo; Blondell, Sarah J
2014-01-01
Introduction People are increasingly mobile for numerous reasons, including healthcare. Patient mobility has vast implications for individuals, communities and whole populations and yet, to date, research on patient mobility has been quite limited. Only a small body of evidence exists on patient mobility between low-income and middle-income countries, instead having focused primarily on cross-border movement between high-income and low-income countries. In this paper, we present a protocol for examining this under-studied phenomenon. Methods and analysis We propose to examine patient mobility between low-income and middle-income countries using a realist synthesis approach. Specifically, we aim to document why patients from low-income and middle-income countries cross international borders for healthcare, by identifying the mechanisms through which patients decide to cross-borders, and the contextual characteristics of domestic health markets that influence this choice. An underlying theory was established, based on the lead author's experience and a brief literature review, which will provide the basis to analyse search results in a subsequent paper. Search results will be obtained from databases (Ovid Medline, EMBASE, Scopus, EconLit, Web of Science) and the grey literature. An expert committee will be enlisted, prior to screening results, to review search results to ensure comprehensiveness. Based on this preliminary theory, we propose that, in some low-income and middle-income country markets, the interaction between demand-side and supply-side determinants results in market imperfections that, in turn, lead to patient movement across borders. Ethics and dissemination The study does not involve primary research and, therefore, does not require formal ethical approval; we do, however, follow the relevant standards of utility, usefulness, feasibility, propriety, accuracy and accountability. The standards of realist and meta-narrative evidence synthesis (RAMESES) will be adhered to in reporting the findings of the review. Once completed, the findings of the resulting manuscript will be published in a peer-reviewed journal. Trial registration number This protocol has been registered with PROSPERO, registration number CRD42014014391. PMID:25406157
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Regulating the helping hand: improving legal preparedness for cross-border disaster medicine.
Fisher, David
2010-01-01
Medical care is a highly regulated field in nearly every country. Therefore, it is not surprising that legal issues regularly arise in cross-border disaster operations that have with the potential to profoundly impact the effectiveness of international assistance. Little attention has been paid to preparing for and addressing these kinds of issues. This paper will report on research by the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies (IFRC) on International Disaster Response Law, and discuss new developments in the international legal framework for addressing these issues. For seven years, the IFRC has studied legal issues in cross-border disaster assistance. Its activities have included several dozen case studies, a global survey of governments and humanitarian stakeholders, and a series of meetings and high-level conferences. The IFRC has found a consistent set of regulatory problems in major disaster relief operations related to the entry and regulation of international relief. These include some issues specific to the health field, such as the regulation of drug donations and the recognition of foreign medical qualifications. To address the gaps in domestic and international regulatory structures, the IFRC spearheaded the development of new international guidelines. The legal risks for international health providers in disaster settings are real and should be better integrated into program planning. Governments must become more proactive in ensuring that legal frameworks are flexible enough to mitigate these problems.
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Statistical strategy for anisotropic adventitia modelling in IVUS.
Gil, Debora; Hernández, Aura; Rodriguez, Oriol; Mauri, Josepa; Radeva, Petia
2006-06-01
Vessel plaque assessment by analysis of intravascular ultrasound sequences is a useful tool for cardiac disease diagnosis and intervention. Manual detection of luminal (inner) and media-adventitia (external) vessel borders is the main activity of physicians in the process of lumen narrowing (plaque) quantification. Difficult definition of vessel border descriptors, as well as, shades, artifacts, and blurred signal response due to ultrasound physical properties trouble automated adventitia segmentation. In order to efficiently approach such a complex problem, we propose blending advanced anisotropic filtering operators and statistical classification techniques into a vessel border modelling strategy. Our systematic statistical analysis shows that the reported adventitia detection achieves an accuracy in the range of interobserver variability regardless of plaque nature, vessel geometry, and incomplete vessel borders.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-05-17
... maintenance at the borders of the United States, of facilities for the exportation or importation of liquid... installation of associated aboveground mainline block valves; and the use of access roads and pipe storage and... Permit authorizing the construction, connection, operation, and maintenance of the Cross Border Facility...
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47 CFR 90.619 - Operations within the U.S./Mexico and U.S./Canada border areas.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 6 where high density cellular systems are prohibited are all frequencies that are primary to Canada..../Canada border areas. 90.619 Section 90.619 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the...
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47 CFR 90.619 - Operations within the U.S./Mexico and U.S./Canada border areas.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 6 where high density cellular systems are prohibited are all frequencies that are primary to Canada..../Canada border areas. 90.619 Section 90.619 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the...
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47 CFR 90.619 - Operations within the U.S./Mexico and U.S./Canada border areas.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 6 where high density cellular systems are prohibited are all frequencies that are primary to Canada..../Canada border areas. 90.619 Section 90.619 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the...
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47 CFR 90.619 - Operations within the U.S./Mexico and U.S./Canada border areas.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 6 where high density cellular systems are prohibited are all frequencies that are primary to Canada..../Canada border areas. 90.619 Section 90.619 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the...
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47 CFR 90.619 - Operations within the U.S./Mexico and U.S./Canada border areas.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 6 where high density cellular systems are prohibited are all frequencies that are primary to Canada..../Canada border areas. 90.619 Section 90.619 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED... Use of Frequencies in the 806-824, 851-869, 896-901, and 935-940 MHz Bands Policies Governing the...
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50 CFR 218.34 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... beyond the border of the exclusion zone (i.e., the circumference of the area from the border of the... (hydrophone or towed array) could be used to determine if marine mammals are in the area before and/or after a... participation shall take into account safety, logistics, and operational concerns. (iv) MMOs shall observe from...
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50 CFR 218.34 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... beyond the border of the exclusion zone (i.e., the circumference of the area from the border of the... (hydrophone or towed array) could be used to determine if marine mammals are in the area before and/or after a... participation shall take into account safety, logistics, and operational concerns. (iv) MMOs shall observe from...
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50 CFR 218.34 - Requirements for monitoring and reporting.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... beyond the border of the exclusion zone (i.e., the circumference of the area from the border of the... (hydrophone or towed array) could be used to determine if marine mammals are in the area before and/or after a... participation shall take into account safety, logistics, and operational concerns. (iv) MMOs shall observe from...
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77 FR 5521 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-02-03
... recommendations on how to proceed on those topics: The work of the Global Supply Chain Security Air Cargo..., 2011 meeting: The National Supply Chain Security Strategy. The CBP Initiatives of the Customs and Trade Partnership Against Terrorism (C-TPAT) program and Beyond the Border (BTB)--Report by the Global Supply Chain...
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9 CFR 97.1 - Overtime work at laboratories, border ports, ocean ports, and airports. 1
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Overtime work at laboratories, border... POULTRY) AND ANIMAL PRODUCTS OVERTIME SERVICES RELATING TO IMPORTS AND EXPORTS § 97.1 Overtime work at... inspection as a consequence of the operation of the aircraft, for work performed outside of the regularly...
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Single-port access laparoscopic reversal of Hartmann operation.
Borowski, D W; Kanakala, V; Agarwal, A K; Tabaqchali, M A; Garg, D K; Gill, T S
2011-08-01
Single-port access offers cosmetic advantages in addition to the well-recognized benefits of standard multiport laparoscopic surgery, and can be performed with the use of standard straight instruments. We describe a technique of single-port access reversal of Hartmann colostomy by use of the colostomy site for access. After routine skin preparation and laparoscopic setup, the colostomy is mobilized from its mucocutaneous border, and the anvil of a circular stapler is secured to the distal lumen. By the use of a GelPoint system with 3 or 4 trocars, the intra-abdominal adhesions are divided and the splenic flexure is mobilized to achieve sufficient access to the abdominal and pelvic cavities and proximal colonic mobility. The rectal stump is mobilized to the mid rectum, starting from the posterior mesorectal fascia around to the anterior rectal wall. A tension-free colorectal anastomosis is secured with a standard circular stapling device inserted transanally, and leak tested. The colostomy wound is closed in standard fashion. Five patients underwent single-port access reversal of Hartmann resection (4 diverticular perforations and 1 pT3N0 colon cancer), with a mean operating time of 155 (range, 137-187) minutes and a median length of stay of 3 (range, 2-11) days. There were no conversions, major surgical morbidity, or deaths. Single-port access reversal of Hartmann colostomy through the stoma site is safe, and it offers additional cosmetic advantages with no apparent additional morbidity in comparison with standard multiport surgery.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wilkerson, Andrea M.; Davis, Robert G.
The Yuma Sector Border Patrol Area is a high temperature and high solar radiation environment, providing an opportunity for the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) to study thermal effects on outdoor light-emitting diode (LED) luminaires outside of the testing laboratory. Six LED luminaires were installed on three poles on the U.S.- Mexico border in February 2014 as part of a trial installation, which was detailed in a prior GATEWAY report.1 The initial trial installation was intended as a short - term test of six luminaires installed on three poles before proceeding with the complete installation of over 400 luminaires. Unexpectedmore » delays in the full installation have prevented the detailed evaluations initially planned, but the six installed LED luminaires continue to be monitored, and over the past year illuminance measurements were recorded initially in February 2014 and again in September 2014 at about 2500 hours of operation and in March 2015 at about 5000 hours of operation.« less
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The Uzbekistan Kyrgyzstan Border: Institutional Legitimacy and Regional Stability
2017-06-01
Advisor: David Yost THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK i REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704–0188 Public reporting burden for...Unclassified 19. SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF ABSTRACT Unclassified 20. LIMITATION OF ABSTRACT UU NSN 7540–01-280-5500 Standard Form 298 (Rev...this thesis analyzes the subjective forms of border legitimacy and obedience in relation to local perceptions and social behavior. While scholarly
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Neurodata Without Borders: Creating a Common Data Format for Neurophysiology.
Teeters, Jeffery L; Godfrey, Keith; Young, Rob; Dang, Chinh; Friedsam, Claudia; Wark, Barry; Asari, Hiroki; Peron, Simon; Li, Nuo; Peyrache, Adrien; Denisov, Gennady; Siegle, Joshua H; Olsen, Shawn R; Martin, Christopher; Chun, Miyoung; Tripathy, Shreejoy; Blanche, Timothy J; Harris, Kenneth; Buzsáki, György; Koch, Christof; Meister, Markus; Svoboda, Karel; Sommer, Friedrich T
2015-11-18
The Neurodata Without Borders (NWB) initiative promotes data standardization in neuroscience to increase research reproducibility and opportunities. In the first NWB pilot project, neurophysiologists and software developers produced a common data format for recordings and metadata of cellular electrophysiology and optical imaging experiments. The format specification, application programming interfaces, and sample datasets have been released. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Huang, Changming; Lin, Mi
2018-02-25
According to Japanese gastric cancer treatment guidelines, the standard operation for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer is the total gastrectomy with D2 lymphadenectomy, which includes the dissection of the splenic hilar lymph nodes. With the development of minimally invasive ideas and surgical techniques, laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection is gradually accepted. It needs high technical requirements and should be carried out by surgeons with rich experience of open operation and skilled laparoscopic techniques. Based on being familiar with the anatomy of splenic hilum, we should choose a reasonable surgical approach and standardized operating procedure. A favorable left-sided approach is used to perform the laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection in Department of Gastric Surgery, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital. This means that the membrane of the pancreas is separated at the superior border of the pancreatic tail in order to reach the posterior pancreatic space, revealing the end of the splenic vessels' trunk. The short gastric vessels are severed at their roots. This enables complete removal of the splenic hilar lymph nodes and stomach. At the same time, based on the rich clinical practice of laparoscopic gastric cancer surgery, we have summarized an effective operating procedure called Huang's three-step maneuver. The first step is the dissection of the lymph nodes in the inferior pole region of the spleen. The second step is the dissection of the lymph nodes in the trunk of splenic artery region. The third step is the dissection of the lymph nodes in the superior pole region of the spleen. It simplifies the procedure, reduces the difficulty of the operation, improves the efficiency of the operation, and ensures the safety of the operation. To further explore the safety of laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer, in 2016, we launched a multicenter phase II( trial of safety and feasibility of laparoscopic spleen-preserving No.10 lymph node dissection for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer (CLASS-04). Through the multicenter prospective study, we try to provide scientific theoretical basis and clinical experience for the promotion and application of the operation, and also to standardize and popularize the laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection to promote its development. At present, the enrollment of the study has been completed, and the preliminary results also suggested that laparoscopic spleen-preserving No.10 lymph node dissection for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer was safe and feasible. We believe that with the improvement of standardized operation training system, the progress of laparoscopic technology and the promotion of Huang's three-step maneuver, laparoscopic spleen-preserving splenic hilar lymph node dissection will also become one of the standard treatments for locally advanced upper third gastric cancer.
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Khamsiriwatchara, Amnat; Sudathip, Prayuth; Sawang, Surasak; Vijakadge, Saowanit; Potithavoranan, Thanapon; Sangvichean, Aumnuyphan; Satimai, Wichai; Delacollette, Charles; Singhasivanon, Pratap; Lawpoolsri, Saranath; Kaewkungwal, Jaranit
2012-07-29
The Bureau of Vector-borne Diseases, Ministry of Public Health, Thailand, has implemented an electronic Malaria Information System (eMIS) as part of a strategy to contain artemisinin resistance. The attempt corresponds to the WHO initiative, funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, to contain anti-malarial drug resistance in Southeast Asia. The main objective of this study was to demonstrate the eMIS' functionality and outputs after implementation for use in the Thailand artemisinin-resistance containment project. The eMIS had been functioning since 2009 in seven Thai-Cambodian border provinces. The eMIS has covered 61 malaria posts/clinics, 27 Vector-borne Disease Units covering 12,508 hamlets at risk of malaria infections. The eMIS was designed as an evidence-based and near real-time system to capture data for early case detection, intensive case investigation, monitoring drug compliance and on/off-site tracking of malarial patients, as well as collecting data indicating potential drug resistance among patients. Data captured by the eMIS in 2008-2011 were extracted and presented. The core functionalities of the eMIS have been utilized by malaria staff at all levels, from local operational units to ministerial management. The eMIS case detection module suggested decreasing trends during 2009-2011; the number of malaria cases detected in the project areas over the years studied were 3818, 2695, and 2566, with sero-positive rates of 1.24, 0.98, and 1.16%, respectively. The eMIS case investigation module revealed different trends in weekly Plasmodium falciparum case numbers, when classified by responsible operational unit, local and migrant status, and case-detection type. It was shown that most Thai patients were infected within their own residential district, while migrants were infected either at their working village or from across the border. The data mapped in the system suggested that P. falciparum-infected cases and potential drug-resistant cases were scattered mostly along the border villages. The mobile technology application has detected different follow-up rates, with particularly low rates among seasonal and cross-border migrants. The eMIS demonstrated that it could capture essential data from individual malaria cases at local operational units, while effectively being used for situation and trend analysis at upper-management levels. The system provides evidence-based information that could contribute to the control and containment of resistant parasites. Currently, the eMIS is expanding beyond the Thai-Cambodian project areas to the provinces that lie along the Thai-Myanmar border.
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Abrupt skin lesion border cutoff measurement for malignancy detection in dermoscopy images.
Kaya, Sertan; Bayraktar, Mustafa; Kockara, Sinan; Mete, Mutlu; Halic, Tansel; Field, Halle E; Wong, Henry K
2016-10-06
Automated skin lesion border examination and analysis techniques have become an important field of research for distinguishing malignant pigmented lesions from benign lesions. An abrupt pigment pattern cutoff at the periphery of a skin lesion is one of the most important dermoscopic features for detection of neoplastic behavior. In current clinical setting, the lesion is divided into a virtual pie with eight sections. Each section is examined by a dermatologist for abrupt cutoff and scored accordingly, which can be tedious and subjective. This study introduces a novel approach to objectively quantify abruptness of pigment patterns along the lesion periphery. In the proposed approach, first, the skin lesion border is detected by the density based lesion border detection method. Second, the detected border is gradually scaled through vector operations. Then, along gradually scaled borders, pigment pattern homogeneities are calculated at different scales. Through this process, statistical texture features are extracted. Moreover, different color spaces are examined for the efficacy of texture analysis. The proposed method has been tested and validated on 100 (31 melanoma, 69 benign) dermoscopy images. Analyzed results indicate that proposed method is efficient on malignancy detection. More specifically, we obtained specificity of 0.96 and sensitivity of 0.86 for malignancy detection in a certain color space. The F-measure, harmonic mean of recall and precision, of the framework is reported as 0.87. The use of texture homogeneity along the periphery of the lesion border is an effective method to detect malignancy of the skin lesion in dermoscopy images. Among different color spaces tested, RGB color space's blue color channel is the most informative color channel to detect malignancy for skin lesions. That is followed by YCbCr color spaces Cr channel, and Cr is closely followed by the green color channel of RGB color space.
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The pluralism problem in cross-border reproductive care.
Storrow, R F
2010-12-01
Outlawing well established forms of assisted reproduction places obstacles in the path of couples who wish to attain their reproductive goals with medical assistance. One effect of restrictive reproductive laws that has received widespread attention is cross-border reproductive travel. In Europe, such travel is permitted by the policy of free movement of persons that is a cornerstone of the democratic and economic stability of the European Union. Cross-border reproductive travel fails to promote moral and political pluralism in democratic states for three primary reasons. First, the opportunity for patients to go abroad for treatment tempers organized resistance to the law and allows government to pass stricter regulations than it otherwise might. Second, cross-border reproductive care has been shown to have deleterious extraterritorial effects that undermine the articulated rationales behind restrictive reproductive laws. Third, laws that generate demand for cross-border reproductive care often fail to satisfy the standard of proportionality that restrictions on human reproduction must meet.
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Generalizing across Borders: Policy and the Limits of Educational Science
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Luke, Allan
2011-01-01
This essay is a critique of the scientific and policy rationales for transnational standardization. It analyzes two examples of policy export: early childhood standards in one of North America's oldest Indigenous communities and the ongoing development of international standards for university teaching. It examines calls for American education to…
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Esophagram findings in cervical esophageal stenosis: A case-controlled quantitative analysis.
West, Jacob; Kim, Cherine H; Reichert, Zachary; Krishna, Priya; Crawley, Brianna K; Inman, Jared C
2018-01-04
Cervical esophageal stenosis is often diagnosed with a qualitative evaluation of a barium esophagram. Although the esophagram is frequently the initial screening exam for dysphagia, a clear objective standard for stenosis has not been defined. In this study, we measured esophagram diameters in order to establish a quantitative standard for defining cervical esophageal stenosis that requires surgical intervention. Single institution case-control study. Patients with clinically significant cervical esophageal stenosis defined by moderate symptoms of dysphagia (Functional Outcome Swallowing Scale > 2 and Functional Oral Intake Scale < 6) persisting for 6 months and responding to dilation treatment were matched with age, sex, and height controls. Both qualitative and quantitative barium esophagram measurements for the upper, mid-, and lower vertebral bodies of C5 through T1 were analyzed in lateral, oblique, and anterior-posterior views. Stenotic patients versus nonstenotic controls showed no significant differences in age, sex, height, body mass index, or ethnicity. Stenosis was most commonly at the sixth cervical vertebra (C 6) lower border and C7 upper border. The mean intraesophageal minimum/maximum ratios of controls and stenotic groups in the lateral view were 0.63 ± 0.08 and 0.36 ± 0.12, respectively (P < 0.0001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis of the minimum/maximum ratios, with a <0.50 ratio delineating stenosis, demonstrated that lateral view measurements had the best diagnostic ability. The sensitivity of the radiologists' qualitative interpretation was 56%. With application of lateral intraesophageal minimum/maximum ratios, we observed improved sensitivity to 94% of the esophagram, detecting clinically significant stenosis. Applying quantitative determinants in esophagram analysis may improve the sensitivity of detecting cervical esophageal stenosis in dysphagic patients who may benefit from surgical therapy. IIIb. Laryngoscope, 2018. © 2018 The American Laryngological, Rhinological and Otological Society, Inc.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Vainshtein, Igor; Baruch, Shlomi; Regev, Itai; Segal, Victor; Filis, Avishai; Riabzev, Sergey
2018-05-01
The growing demand for EO applications that work around the clock 24hr/7days a week, such as in border surveillance systems, emphasizes the need for a highly reliable cryocooler having increased operational availability and optimized system's Integrated Logistic Support (ILS). In order to meet this need, RICOR developed linear and rotary cryocoolers which achieved successfully this goal. Cryocoolers MTTF was analyzed by theoretical reliability evaluation methods, demonstrated by normal and accelerated life tests at Cryocooler level and finally verified by field data analysis derived from Cryocoolers operating at system level. The following paper reviews theoretical reliability analysis methods together with analyzing reliability test results derived from standard and accelerated life demonstration tests performed at Ricor's advanced reliability laboratory. As a summary for the work process, reliability verification data will be presented as a feedback from fielded systems.
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DefenseLink Special: Blum Visits 'Operation Jump Start' Troops
DEMING, N.M., Dec. 1, 2006 - The National Guard Bureau chief got a look this week at how the forward , 2006 - The National Guard Bureau chief assured members of the Army and Air National Guard during a Guard troops serving here along the southwestern U.S. border. Story Guard Chief, Border Patrol Praise
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-18
... forth in this system of records notice. AMOSS also has users from the Department of Defense (DOD... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Office of the Secretary [Docket No. DHS-2013-0021] Privacy Act of 1974; Department of Homeland Security/U.S. Customs and Border Protection--019 Air and Marine Operations...
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77 FR 45366 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-07-31
... the public. DATES: COAC will meet on Wednesday, August 15, 2012 from 1:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m. PST... request special assistance at the meeting, contact Ms. Wanda Tate, Office of Trade Relations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection at 202-344-1661 as soon as possible. To facilitate public participation, we are...
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2014-10-01
The purpose of this study is to determine whether highway infrastructure in Montana is adequate to support future expected growth in traffic : resulting from economic development in Canada, and a number of potential changes in border operations, indu...
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U.S. Border Crossings with Canada and Mexico - Port Facilities, Inventory and Constraints. Volume 1.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2000-09-01
This report summarizes the New Jersey I-80 and I-287 high-occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane case study. Information on planning, implementing, operating, and redesignating the HOV lanes on the two freeways is presented. The factors that appear to have inf...
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1999-06-01
This paper documents studies of three congested weigh stations. At each station current operating policy and traffic levels result in frequent occasions where the queue of trucks threatens to back up onto the highway, and the scales must be closed to...
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Travel Survey Manual: Appendices
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1995-02-01
The primary objectives of this chapter are to provide information on the current physical and operating characteristics of all border crossings, including approaches and egresses, and to identify problems, both physical and operational, that affect t...
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Leiba, Adi; Blumenfeld, Amir; Hourvitz, Ariel; Weiss, Gali; Peres, Michal; Laor, Dani; Schwartz, Dagan; Arad, Jacob; Goldberg, Avishay; Levi, Yeheskel; Bar-Dayan, Yaron
2005-01-01
Large-scale, terrorist attacks can happen in peripheral areas, which are located close to a country's borders and far from its main medical facilities and involve multi-national casualties and responders. The objective of this study was to analyze the terrorist suicide bombings that occurred on 07 October 2004, near the Israeli-Egyptian border, as representative of such a complex scenario. Data from formal debriefings after the event were processed in order to learn about victim outcomes, resource utilization, critical events, and time course of the emergency response. A total of 185 injured survivors were repatriated: four were severely wounded, 13 were moderately injured, and 168 were mildly injured. Thirty-eight people died. A forward medical team landed at the border town's airport, which provided reinforcement in the field and in the local hospital. Israeli and Egyptian search and rescue teams collaborated at the destruction site. One-hundred sixty-eight injured patients arrived at the small border hospital that rapidly organized itself for the mass-casualty incident, operating as an evacuation "staging hospital". Twenty-three casualties secondarily were distributed to two major trauma centers in the south and the center of Israel, respectively, either by ambulance or by helicopter. Large-scale, terrorist attacks at a peripheral border zone can be handled by international collaboration, reinforcement of medical teams at the site itself and at the peripheral neighboring hospital, rapid rearrangement of an "evacuation hospital", and efficient transport to trauma centers by ambulances, helicopters, and other aircraft.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Lizotte, Todd E.; Ohar, Orest P.
2009-05-01
At a border security conference in August 2008, Michael Sullivan, acting director of Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives stated that, "Nearly all illegal firearms (90% to 95%) seized in Mexico come from the United States"[1]. When firearms are recovered at a crime scene, the firearms can be traced providing specific details on illegal firearm dealers or straw purchasers within the United States. Criminals or narco terrorist groups target US dealers to source firearms for drug cartels in Mexico and South America. Joint law enforcement programs between the US and Mexico law enforcement have been effective, however, in most cases the firearms that are seized are only a small fraction of the firearms trafficked across the United States border. A technology called Microstamping, when applied to newly manufactured firearms will provide further opportunities for tracing illegal firearms for law enforcement in the United States and across the globe. Microstamping is a patented technology and trace solution where intentional tooling marks are formed or micromachined onto firearms interior surfaces that come into contact or impact the surfaces of cartridge casings. The intentional tooling marks can take the form of alphanumeric codes or encoded geometric codes, such as a barcode. As the firearm is discharged the intentional tooling marks transfer a code to the cartridge casing before it is ejected out of the firearm. When recovered at the scene of an incident, the Microstamped cartridge can indentify a specific firearm, without the need to recover that firearm. Microstamping provides critical intelligence for use in border security operations and cross border violent drug related crime investigations. This paper will explain the key attributes of microstamping technology; including its potential benefits in border security operations and how data gathered from the technique can be used in geospatial information systems to identify illicit firearm sources, trafficking routes, as well as spatial and temporal mapping of narco-terrorist movements on either side of the border.
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Operation safe crossing: using science within a community intervention.
Voas, Robert B; Tippetts, A Scott; Johnson, Mark B; Lange, James E; Baker, James
2002-09-01
To evaluate a large drunk-driving enforcement program at the US/Mexican border to reduce the number of youths crossing the border to drink in Tijuana. This paper also describes the research data used to develop and manage the program. Data from a border breath-test survey were used to dramatize the problem and gain public support for action. The data were also used to help design the enforcement effort and measure progress in reducing the cross-border drinking problem. The number of news events generated around the occurrence of special enforcement efforts were used to measure project activity and to predict changes in the numbers of youths crossing into Mexico, their returning BACs and reductions in alcohol-related crashes during a 3-year period. An urban county on the Mexican border. Underage youths aged 18-20 years and young adults aged 21-30 years residing in San Diego County. Immigration and Naturalization Services provided population counts of the number of individuals crossing each weekend night from Tijuana into the United States through the San Ysidro border facility. Breath-test surveys of a random sample of these returning crossers provided data on the number of US residents visiting bars and nightclubs in Tijuana and on alcohol consumption at Tijuana bars and nightclubs. Night-time had-been-drinking crash data involving young drivers in several California counties served as an outcome measure of public health and safety. Analysis of data involving more than 2 million pedestrians returning from Tijuana indicated that the Operation Safe Crossing program reduced the number of late-night crossers by 31.6%. Effective use of data through media advocacy programs to support an enforcement effort can reduce alcohol-related crashes.
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Ope, Maurice; Nyoka, Raymond; Unshur, Ahmed; Oyier, Fredrick O.; Mowlid, Shafe A.; Owino, Brian; Ochieng, Steve B.; Okello, Charles I.; Montgomery, Joel M.; Wagacha, Burton; Galev, Aleksandar; Abdow, Abdikadir; Esona, Mathew D.; Tate, Jacqueline; Fitter, David; Cookson, Susan T.; Arunmozhi, Balajee; Marano, Nina
2017-01-01
Rotavirus commonly causes diarrhea in children, leading to hospitalization and even death. Rapid diagnostic tests are feasible alternatives for determining rotavirus outbreaks in refugee camps that have inadequate laboratory capacity. We evaluated the field performance of ImmunoCard STAT!® Rotavirus (ICS-RV) in Dadaab Refugee Camp and at the Kenya–Somalia border. From May to December 2014, we prospectively enrolled children aged < 5 years hospitalized with acute diarrhea, defined as ≥ 3 episodes of loose stool in 24 hours for < 7 days. Stool samples were collected and tested by trained surveillance clerks using ICS-RV per manufacturer's instructions. The field performance characteristics of ICS-RV were evaluated against the gold standard test, Premier™ Rotaclone® enzyme immunoassay. The operational characteristics were evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) ASSURED criteria to determine whether ICS-RV is appropriate as a point-of-care test by administering a standard questionnaire and observing surveillance clerks performing the test. We enrolled 213 patients with a median age of 10 months (range = 1–48); 58.2% were male. A total of 71 (33.3%) and 60 (28.2%) patients tested positive for rotavirus infection by immunoassay and ICS-RV, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ICS-RV compared with the immunoassay were 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 72.3–91.0), 99.3% (95% CI = 96.1–100), 98.3% (95% CI = 91.1–100), and 92.1% (95% CI = 86.6–95.5), respectively. The ICS-RV fulfilled the WHO ASSURED criteria for point-of-care testing. ICS-RV is a field-ready point-of-care test with good field performance and operational characteristics. It can be useful in determining rotavirus outbreaks in resource-limited settings. PMID:28719278
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Ope, Maurice; Nyoka, Raymond; Unshur, Ahmed; Oyier, Fredrick O; Mowlid, Shafe A; Owino, Brian; Ochieng, Steve B; Okello, Charles I; Montgomery, Joel M; Wagacha, Burton; Galev, Aleksandar; Abdow, Abdikadir; Esona, Mathew D; Tate, Jacqueline; Fitter, David; Cookson, Susan T; Arunmozhi, Balajee; Marano, Nina
2017-06-01
AbstractRotavirus commonly causes diarrhea in children, leading to hospitalization and even death. Rapid diagnostic tests are feasible alternatives for determining rotavirus outbreaks in refugee camps that have inadequate laboratory capacity. We evaluated the field performance of ImmunoCard STAT! ® Rotavirus (ICS-RV) in Dadaab Refugee Camp and at the Kenya-Somalia border. From May to December 2014, we prospectively enrolled children aged < 5 years hospitalized with acute diarrhea, defined as ≥ 3 episodes of loose stool in 24 hours for < 7 days. Stool samples were collected and tested by trained surveillance clerks using ICS-RV per manufacturer's instructions. The field performance characteristics of ICS-RV were evaluated against the gold standard test, Premier ™ Rotaclone ® enzyme immunoassay. The operational characteristics were evaluated using World Health Organization (WHO) ASSURED criteria to determine whether ICS-RV is appropriate as a point-of-care test by administering a standard questionnaire and observing surveillance clerks performing the test. We enrolled 213 patients with a median age of 10 months (range = 1-48); 58.2% were male. A total of 71 (33.3%) and 60 (28.2%) patients tested positive for rotavirus infection by immunoassay and ICS-RV, respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of ICS-RV compared with the immunoassay were 83.1% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 72.3-91.0), 99.3% (95% CI = 96.1-100), 98.3% (95% CI = 91.1-100), and 92.1% (95% CI = 86.6-95.5), respectively. The ICS-RV fulfilled the WHO ASSURED criteria for point-of-care testing. ICS-RV is a field-ready point-of-care test with good field performance and operational characteristics. It can be useful in determining rotavirus outbreaks in resource-limited settings.
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JIATF-SWB: Building an Operational Bridge for the Southwest Border
2011-04-12
mexican_cartels_integr.htm. (accessed 20 March 2011). 4 Office of the President. “Obtener la base de datos de Fallecimientos ocurridos por presunta rivalidad...Obtener la base de datos de Fallecimientos ocurridos por presunta rivalidad delincuencial en el periodo diciembre 2006 a diciembre 2010... basing , technical, intelligence, and training support to JIATF-SWB. 15. SUBJECT TERMS Mexico, Southwest Border, USNORTHCOM, Interagency, 16
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-03-16
... Appointment to the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC) AGENCY... Management; request for applicants for appointment to the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of... individuals who are interested in serving on the Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and...
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Taylor, Susan; Shmon, Cindy; Su, Lillian; Epp, Tasha; Minor, Katie; Mickelson, James; Patterson, Edward; Shelton, G Diane
2016-01-01
Clinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 13 dogs with border collie collapse (BCC) before, during, and following completion of standardized strenuous exercise protocols. Six dogs participated in a ball-retrieving protocol, and seven dogs participated in a sheep-herding protocol. Findings were compared with 16 normal border collies participating in the same exercise protocols (11 retrieving, five herding). Twelve dogs with BCC developed abnormal mentation and/or an abnormal gait during evaluation. All dogs had post-exercise elevations in rectal temperature, pulse rate, arterial blood pH, PaO2, and lactate, and decreased PaCO2 and bicarbonate, as expected with strenuous exercise, but there were no significant differences between BCC dogs and normal dogs. Electrocardiography demonstrated sinus tachycardia in all dogs following exercise. Needle electromyography was normal, and evaluation of muscle biopsy cryosections using a standard panel of histochemical stains and reactions did not reveal a reason for collapse in 10 dogs with BCC in which these tests were performed. Genetic testing excluded the dynamin-1 related exercise-induced collapse mutation and the V547A malignant hyperthermia mutation as the cause of BCC. Common reasons for exercise intolerance were eliminated. Although a genetic basis is suspected, the cause of collapse in BCC was not determined.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wong, David W. C.; Choy, K. L.; Chow, Harry K. H.; Lin, Canhong
2014-06-01
For the most rapidly growing economic entity in the world, China, a new logistics operation called the indirect cross-border supply chain model has recently emerged. The primary idea of this model is to reduce logistics costs by storing goods at a bonded warehouse with low storage cost in certain Chinese regions, such as the Pearl River Delta (PRD). This research proposes a performance measurement system (PMS) framework to assess the direct and indirect cross-border supply chain models. The PMS covers four categories including cost, time, quality and flexibility in the assessment of the performance of direct and indirect models. Furthermore, a survey was conducted to investigate the logistics performance of third party logistics (3PLs) at the PRD regions, including Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Hong Kong. The significance of the proposed PMS framework allows 3PLs accurately pinpoint the weakness and strengths of it current operations policy at four major performance measurement categories. Hence, this helps 3PLs further enhance the competitiveness and operations efficiency through better resources allocation at the area of warehousing and transportation.
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2017-06-09
THE PATRIOT WAR AND THE FENIAN RAIDS: CASE STUDIES IN BORDER SECURITY ON THE U.S.-CANADA BORDER IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY...3. DATES COVERED (From - To) AUG 2016 – JUN 2017 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Patriot War and the Fenian Raids: Case Studies in Border Security on ...nineteenth century. The Patriot War and Fenian Raids are examined as case studies on the same border occurring roughly thirty years apart. The
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Communication between United States-Based Firms and Mexican Production Facilities.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Waldman, Lila
A study examined the types of communication technologies being used by United States-based corporations with operations in Mexico to determine the challenges these companies face when communicating across the border. A total of 703 U.S. corporations doing business with Mexico (culled from lists in two professional directories) were chosen for the…
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Legitimating Leadership in Southern Thai Schools: Considering Local Responses to Neoliberal Reforms
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Maxcy, Brendan; Sungtong, Ekkarin; Nguyen, Thu Suong Thi
2010-01-01
Mounting religious-ethnic tensions and broad-scale reform have precipitated reconsideration of the mission, traditions, operations and institutional positions of government schools in southern Thailand. The authors report on a study of a dozen schools located in four border provinces adapting to national reforms and regional unrest. The authors…
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bosco, Fabrizio
2014-05-01
Arpa Piemonte (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection), in partnership with University of Genoa, manages the regional seismic network, which is part of the Regional Seismic network of Northwestern Italy (RSNI). The network operates since the 80s and, over the years, it has developed in technological features, analysis procedures and geographical coverage. In particular in recent years the network has been further enhanced through the integration of Swiss and French stations installed in the cross-border area. The environmental context enables the installation of sensors in sites with good conditions as regards ambient noise and limited local amplification effects (as proved by PSD analysis, signal quality monitoring via PQLX, H/V analysis). The instrumental equipment consists of Broadband and Very Broadband sensors (Nanometrics Trillium 40" and 240") and different technological solutions for signals real-time transmission (cable, satellite, GPRS), according to the different local environment, with redundant connections and with experimental innovative systems. Digital transmission and acquisition systems operate through standard protocols (Nanometrics, SeedLink), with redundancy in data centers (Genoa, Turin, Rome). Both real-time automatic and manual operational procedures are in use for signals analysis (events detection, picking, focal parameters and ground shaking determination). In the framework of cross-border cooperation program ALCoTra (http://www.interreg-alcotra.org), approved by the European Commission, several projects have been developed to improve the performances of seismic monitoring systems used by partners (Arpa Piemonte, Aosta Valley Region, CNRS, Joseph Fourier University). The cross-border context points out first of all the importance of signals sharing (from 14 to 23 stations in narrow French-Italian border area, with an increase of over 50%) and of coordination during new stations planning and installation in the area. In the ongoing ALCoTra project "CASSAT" (Coordination and Analysis of Alpine Trans-border Seismic Surveillance), we evaluate the improvement of monitoring systems performances in terms of localizations precision and number of detections. Furthermore, we update the procedures for the production of ground shaking maps, with installation of accelerometers and integration of new available data for site effects assessment (VS30 map, FA-VS30 correlations by numerical simulations of seismic response), determined for the specific regional context from geophysical surveys data and geological analysis. As a consequence of the increase of available data due to new stations installation and recently recorded events, a new local magnitude scaling law is calibrated for the area. We also develop a parametric methodology to improve network real-time localization procedures in Northwestern Italy. The area, surrounded by Western Alps and Northern Apennines, presents a complex system of lithospheric structures, characterized by strong heterogeneities of various physical parameters (Ivrea Body, subducting European lithosphere, Ligurian Sea Moho, Po Valley deposits). We work with a localization algorithm (Hypoinverse-2000) suitable for such a heterogeneous context , adopting multi-1d crustal velocities models, linked to epicentral coordinates. In this analysis, first we build velocities models integrating several available geophysical and geo-structural data; then we test jointly both models and algorithm parameters with specifically developed automatic iterative procedures, through batch scripting, database, GIS and statistical analysis tools.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-28
....S. Customs and Border Protection (COAC) will meet Tuesday, January 15, 2013 from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m... place from 2:00 to 3:00 p.m. EST on Tuesday, January 15, 2013 via teleconference. Please be advised that...-of-business on January 11, 2013. If you have completed an online on-site registration and wish to...
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An alternative method in mandibular fracture treatment: bone graft use instead of a plate.
Alagöz, Murat Sahin; Uysal, Ahmet Cagri; Sensoz, Omer
2008-03-01
In the treatment of the mandibular fractures, one of the main principles is to use the least amount of foreign material. We present an alternative technique that the bone grafts harvested from the fracture borders or from the iliac crest were used instead of plates and the fixation was done with screws. In the study including 24 mandible fractures, the bone grafts harvested from the fracture borders were used in the 10 favorable fractures and the bone grafts harvested from the iliac crest were used in the 14 unfavorable fractures. In the combined mandible fractures, four fractures were fixated with titanium plates and the other side with the bone graft. The patients, who were followed up for 12 to 20 months, were evaluated with macroscopic occlusion, panoramic graphs, and three-dimensional computerized tomographs. The advantage of this technique of fixation with the autogenous tissue is reduced infection rates and reduced operation costs. In the pediatric patients, the second session operation of plate removal is not necessary.
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Stakeholder identification of advanced technology opportunities at international ports of entry
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Parker, S.K.; Icerman, L.
As part of the Advanced Technologies for International and Intermodal Ports of Entry (ATIPE) Project, a diverse group of stakeholders was engaged to help identify problems experienced at inland international border crossings, particularly those at the US-Mexican border. The fundamental issue at international ports of entry is reducing transit time through the required documentation and inspection processes. Examples of other issues or problems, typically manifested as time delays at border crossings, repeatedly mentioned by stakeholders include: (1) lack of document standardization; (2) failure to standardize inspection processes; (3) inadequate information and communications systems; (4) manual fee and tariff collection; (5)more » inconsistency of processes and procedures; and (6) suboptimal cooperation among governmental agencies. Most of these issues can be addressed to some extent by the development of advanced technologies with the objective of allowing ports of entry to become more efficient while being more effective. Three categories of technologies were unambiguously of high priority to port of entry stakeholders: (1) automated documentation; (2) systems integration; and (3) vehicle and cargo tracking. Together, these technologies represent many of the technical components necessary for pre-clearance of freight approaching international ports of entry. Integration of vehicle and cargo tracking systems with port of entry information and communications systems, as well as existing industry legacy systems, should further enable border crossings to be accomplished consistently with optimal processing times.« less
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Shaukat, Shahzad; Angez, Mehar; Alam, Muhammad Masroor; Sharif, Salmaan; Khurshid, Adnan; Malik, Farzana; Rehman, Lubna; Zaidi, Syed Sohail Zahoor
2014-01-01
Pakistan and Afghanistan share a long uncontrolled border with extensive population movement on both sides. Wild poliovirus transmission has never been interrupted in this block due to war against terrorism, poor public health infrastructure, misconceptions about polio vaccines and inadequate immunization activities. All these issues complicate the eradication operations and reinforce the complexity of wiping out poliomyelitis from this region. This study illustrates the origins and routes of cross-border wild poliovirus type 1 (WPV1) transmission during 2010-2012 between Pakistan and Afghanistan. Sequence analyses were conducted based on complete VP1 capsid protein sequences for WPV1 study strains to determine the origin of poliovirus genetic lineages and their evolutionary relationships. Phylogenetic tree was constructed from VP1 gene sequences applying Maximum Likelihood method using Kimura 2- parameter model in MEGA program v 5.0. A total of 72 (14.3%) out of 502 wild-type 1 polioviruses were found circulating in border areas of both countries during 2010-2012. Molecular phylogenetic analysis classified these strains in to two sub-genotypes with four clusters and 18 lineages. Genetic data confirmed that the most of WPV1 lineages (12; 66.6%) were transmitted from Pakistan to Afghanistan. However, the genetic diversity was significantly reduced during 2012 as most of the lineages were completely eliminated. In conclusion, Pakistan-Afghanistan block has emerged as a single poliovirus reservoir sharing the multiple poliovirus lineages due to uncontrolled movement of people across the borders between two countries. If it is neglected, it can jeopardize the extensive global efforts done so-far to eradicate the poliovirus infection. Our data will be helpful to devise the preventive strategies for effective control of wild poliovirus transmission in this region.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Qojas, M.
1999-03-01
This document is an analysis of options for unilateral and cooperative action to improve the security of Jordan's borders. Sections describe the current political, economic, and social interactions along Jordan's borders. Next, the document discusses border security strategy for cooperation among neighboring countries and the adoption of confidence-building measures. A practical cooperative monitoring system would consist of hardware for early warning, command and control, communications, and transportation. Technical solutions can expand opportunities for the detection and identification of intruders. Sensors (such as seismic, break-wire, pressure-sensing, etc.) can warn border security forces of intrusion and contribute to the identification of themore » intrusion and help formulate the response. This document describes conceptual options for cooperation, offering three scenarios that relate to three hypothetical levels (low, medium, and high) of cooperation. Potential cooperative efforts under a low cooperation scenario could include information exchanges on military equipment and schedules to prevent misunderstandings and the establishment of protocols for handling emergency situations or unusual circumstances. Measures under a medium cooperation scenario could include establishing joint monitoring groups for better communications, with hot lines and scheduled meetings. The high cooperation scenario describes coordinated responses, joint border patrols, and sharing border intrusion information. Finally, the document lists recommendations for organizational, technical, and operational initiatives that could be applicable to the current situation.« less
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Commons, Michael Lamport; Galaz-Fontes, Jesus Francisco; Morse, Stanley Jay
2006-01-01
Kohlberg proposed that various cultural, social and educational factors may influence moral reasoning. As far as the authors know, participants in previous studies of moral reasoning have been, largely, educated persons, irrespective of their culture. Two studies on moral reasoning were conducted in a Mexican--United States border city. The first…
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Radiation Control on Uzbekistan Borders - Results and Perspectives
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Petrenko, Vitaliy; Yuldashev, Bekhzod; Ismailov, Ulughbek
2009-12-02
The measures and actions on prevention, detection and response to criminal or unauthorized acts involving radioactive materials in Uzbekistan are presented. In frames of program of radiation monitoring to prevent illicit trafficking of nuclear and radioactive materials main customs border checkpoints were equipped with commercial radiation portal monitors. Special radiation monitors elaborated and manufactured in INP AS RU are installed in INP(main gates, research reactor and laboratory building) to provide nuclear security of Institute facilities. The experience of Uzbekistan in establishing radiation monitoring systems on its borders, their operation and maintenance would be useful for realization of proposed plan ofmore » strengthening measures to prevent illicit trafficking in Republics of Central Asia region.« less
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10 CFR 205.320 - Who shall apply.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-01-01
... OF ENERGY OIL ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES AND SANCTIONS Electric Power System Permits and Reports... entity who operates an electric power transmission or distribution facility crossing the border of the... Construction, Connection, Operation, and Maintenance of Facilities for Transmission of Electric Energy at...
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National Strategy for the Southwest Border: Having the Desired Effect?
2011-03-18
marijuana and, increasingly in recent years, synthetics ”9 entering the United States. As Figure 1 illustrates, they operate throughout the Southwest...significant cross-border, drug smuggling tunnel and netted about 30 tons of marijuana seized at two warehouses in the United States and Mexico.”40 Once the...illegal drugs. The increased seizures of heroin, methamphetamine, and marijuana were 30.8 percent, 24 percent, and 16.9 percent respectively.45 This
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The Gap in Operation and Maintenance of the Afghan National Security Forces Infrastructure
2013-05-22
organizations. They include the Afghan Border Police ( ABP ), the Afghan Uniform Police (AUP), the Afghan Highway Police (AHP), and the Criminal...other elements under the ANP include the Afghan Border Police ( ABP ), the Afghan Uniformed Police (AUP), the Afghan Highway Police (AHP) and the...delineates the authorized personnel and equipment for the army. The ANP tashkil delineates the authorized personnel and equipment for the AUP, ABP , AHP, and
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19 CFR 143.6 - Failure to maintain performance standards.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Failure to maintain performance standards. 143.6 Section 143.6 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) SPECIAL ENTRY PROCEDURES Automated Broker Interface § 143.6 Failure to...
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2013-12-13
common Anglo - Saxon heritage with the United States. Furthermore, Canada and the United States shared national borders and interdependent economies...sought and received French military assistance through an alliance during the American War for Independence. The United States joined the Anglo -French...
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A gated LaBr3(Ce) detector for border protection applications
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Etile, A.; Denis-Petit, D.; Gaudefroy, L.; Meot, V.; Roig, O.
2018-01-01
We report on the dedicated implementation of the blocking technique for a LaBr3(Ce) detector as well as associated electronics and data acquisition system for border protection applications. The detector is meant to perform delayed γ-ray spectroscopy of fission fragments produced via photofission induced by a high intensity pulsed photon beam. The gating technique avoids saturation of the detection chain during irradiation. The resulting setup allows us to successfully perform delayed γ-ray spectroscopy starting only 30 ns after the gating operation. The measured energy resolution ranges from 5% to 6.5% at 662 keV depending on the γ-ray detection time after the gating operation.
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An inter-networking mechanism with stepwise synchronization for wireless sensor networks.
Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Wakamiya, Naoki; Murata, Masayuki
2011-01-01
To realize the ambient information society, multiple wireless networks deployed in the region and devices carried by users are required to cooperate with each other. Since duty cycles and operational frequencies are different among networks, we need a mechanism to allow networks to efficiently exchange messages. For this purpose, we propose a novel inter-networking mechanism where two networks are synchronized with each other in a moderate manner, which we call stepwise synchronization. With our proposal, to bridge the gap between intrinsic operational frequencies, nodes near the border of networks adjust their operational frequencies in a stepwise fashion based on the pulse-coupled oscillator model as a fundamental theory of synchronization. Through simulation experiments, we show that the communication delay and the energy consumption of border nodes are reduced, which enables wireless sensor networks to communicate longer with each other.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-04-20
... Presidential permit for the construction, operation, and maintenance of pipeline facilities at the border of... referred to in Executive Order 13337, as amended, for the construction, connection, operation, or... environmental effects of the construction and operation of the United States portion of the Keystone XL Pipeline...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Lane, Jason E.; Kinser, Kevin
2011-01-01
International branch campuses (IBCs) operate in national and international policy environments that are still rapidly evolving. While IBCs have been operating for several decades, most of that time they have operated below the domestic regulatory radar of either the exporting (home) or importing (host) governments. As the number of such…
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Nantima, Noelina; Davies, Jocelyn; Dione, Michel; Ocaido, Michael; Okoth, Edward; Mugisha, Anthony; Bishop, Richard
2016-04-01
A study was undertaken along the Kenya-Uganda border in four districts of Tororo and Busia (Uganda) and Busia and Teso (Kenya) to understand smallholder farmers' knowledge, practices and awareness of biosecurity measures. Information was collected by administering questionnaires to 645 randomly selected pig households in the study area. In addition, focus group discussions were carried out in 12 villages involving 248 people using a standardized list of questions. The outcome suggested that there was a very low level of awareness of biosecurity practices amongst smallholder farmers. We conclude that adoption of specific biosecurity practices by smallholder farmers is feasible but requires institutional support. There is a clear requirement for government authorities to sensitize farmers using approaches that allow active participation of farmers in the design, planning and implementation of biosecurity practices to enable enhanced adoption.
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The Joint Master Operational Planner
2016-04-04
Operational Planner Program, that will produce planners that are able to understand the strategic- operational environment, properly advise commanders, and...Planner Program, that will produce planners that are able to understand the strategic-operational environment, properly advise commanders, and devise...states struggle to exercise even nominal power within their borders, and the people see the government as an entity that seeks only to keep itself in
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DEMOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS OF THE NHEXAS-ARIZONA BORDER STUDY POPULATION
The NHEXAS-Arizona Border Study employed a population based probability design to recruit a representative cohort residing within 40 Km of the US-Mexico Border in Arizona. As an extension of the NHEXAS Arizona statewide survey, the border study was designed to determine the dis...
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U.S.-MEXICO BORDER PROGRAM ARIZONA BORDER STUDY
The Arizona Border Study, which measured levels of metals, pesticides, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in the Arizona counties bordering Mexico, is an extension of the Arizona National Human Exposure Assessment Survey (NHEXAS) Phase...
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Köck, Robin; Siemer, Philipp; Esser, Jutta; Kampmeier, Stefanie; Berends, Matthijs S; Glasner, Corinna; Arends, Jan P; Becker, Karsten; Friedrich, Alexander W
2018-01-26
Preventing the spread of multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria (MDRGNB) is a public health priority. However, the definition of MDRGNB applied for planning infection prevention measures such as barrier precautions differs depending on national guidelines. This is particularly relevant in the Dutch-German border region, where patients are transferred between healthcare facilities located in the two different countries, because clinicians and infection control personnel must understand antibiograms indicating MDRGNB from both sides of the border and using both national guidelines. This retrospective study aimed to compare antibiograms of Gram-negative bacteria and classify them using the Dutch and German national standards for MDRGNB definition. A total of 31,787 antibiograms from six Dutch and four German hospitals were classified. Overall, 73.7% were no MDRGNB according to both guidelines. According to the Dutch and German guideline, 7772/31,787 (24.5%) and 4586/31,787 (12.9%) were MDRGNB, respectively ( p < 0.0001). Major divergent classifications were observed for extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) -producing Enterobacteriaceae , non-carbapenemase-producing carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae , Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Stenotrophomonas maltophilia . The observed differences show that medical staff must carefully check previous diagnostic findings when patients are transferred across the Dutch-German border, as it cannot be assumed that MDRGNB requiring special hygiene precautions are marked in the transferred antibiograms in accordance with both national guidelines.
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The utilization characteristics of social facilities in the border area of Semarang city
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Setioko, Bambang; Olivia, Deasy; Pandelaki, Edward E.; Murtini, Titien Woro
2017-06-01
The rapid growth of settlement in border areas is often considered as a problem of big cities in Indonesia, where people from rural areas prefer to move out and settle in the border areas of big cities due to the provision of better social facilities. Border areas generally do not receive adequate attention and are often overlooked by the local government. It is a common phenomenon in Indonesian cities, including in Semarang City. Increased number of settlements in the border areas in Semarang City is in linear with spontaneous urbanization processes which indicate the heterogeneity emerging of settlement areas. In the early stages of Semarang City spatial planning, the need for social facilities in border areas is included based on the regular standard which is commonly applied to the urban core. In a very short period, the numbers and types of existing social facilities are insufficient to fulfill the needs of the community. Nowadays, in the context of rapid urbanization, the growth of social facilities in border areas is very high. The intense growth of settlements in border areas is very high due to the low price of land in Demak Regency in compared to those of other areas in Semarang City. However, only a few developers involved social facilities as a part of housing estate construction. Consequently, most of the occupants utilize a limited number of social facilities provided by the municipal government, which are actually intended to serve the citizens of Semarang City. This research was conducted at Sendang Mulyo Village which is located in the border of Semarang municipal administrative area and included in Demak Regency. This paper discusses the utilization characteristics of social facilities in the border area of Semarang City, with the aim to get the trigger factors. The method analysis consisted of a statistical test and descriptive analysis. The utilization characteristics were formulated based on the relationship between neighborhood and human behavior. The settlements in the border area of Semarang City have different characteristics. The differences led to a gap of the utilization of facilities between people who live in the planned and unplanned settlement. Therefore, the social spatial concept is required to address the issue.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Grzetic, S; Weldon, M; Noa, K
Purpose: This study compares the newly released MaxFOV Revision 1 EFOV reconstruction algorithm for GE RT590 to the older WideView EFOV algorithm. Two radiotherapy overlays from Q-fix and Diacor, are included in our analysis. Hounsfield Units (HU) generated with the WideView algorithm varied in the extended field (beyond 50cm) and the scanned object’s border varied from slice to slice. A validation of HU consistency between the two reconstruction algorithms is performed. Methods: A CatPhan 504 and CIRS062 Electron Density Phantom were scanned on a GE RT590 CT-Simulator. The phantoms were positioned in multiple locations within the scan field of viewmore » so some of the density plugs were outside the 50cm reconstruction circle. Images were reconstructed using both the WideView and MaxFOV algorithms. The HU for each scan were characterized both in average over a volume and in profile. Results: HU values are consistent between the two algorithms. Low-density material will have a slight increase in HU value and high-density material will have a slight decrease in HU value as the distance from the sweet spot increases. Border inconsistencies and shading artifacts are still present with the MaxFOV reconstruction on the Q-fix overlay but not the Diacor overlay (It should be noted that the Q-fix overlay is not currently GE-certified). HU values for water outside the 50cm FOV are within 40HU of reconstructions at the sweet spot of the scanner. CatPhan HU profiles show improvement with the MaxFOV algorithm as it approaches the scanner edge. Conclusion: The new MaxFOV algorithm improves the contour border for objects outside of the standard FOV when using a GE-approved tabletop. Air cavities outside of the standard FOV create inconsistent object borders. HU consistency is within GE specifications and the accuracy of the phantom edge improves. Further adjustments to the algorithm are being investigated by GE.« less
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2010-06-01
was due to jalapeno and Serrano peppers grown and packed in Mexico and distributed in the United States. According to the USDA Rural Cooperative, the...early warning and active syndromic illness and disease monitoring network operating in the United States (U.S.)- Mexico Border Region and targets...Mexican national policies. Primary Users State and local public health epidemiologists at the U.S.- Mexico border Primary Providers of Data Data are
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Engaging the Borderlands: Options for the Future of U.S.-Mexican Relations
2010-12-02
border region shifts depending on the political news story of the week, concerns are valid, varied, and numerous. In addition to legal trade and...Violence Leave Mark on Texas Border Town,” The Denver Post, October 10, 2010. http://www.denver post.com/news/ci_16300367 (accessed November 12, 2010...the U.S. military in the theater is limited by ongoing overseas operations, legal restrictions in the form of Posse Comitatus and other legislation
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Estimating maquiladora hazardous waste generation on the U.S./Mexico border
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bowen, Mace M.; Kontuly, Thomas; Hepner, George F.
1995-03-01
Maquiladoras, manufacturing plants that primarily assemble foreign components for reexport, are located in concentrations along the northern frontier of the US/Mexico border. These plants process a wide variety of materials using modern industrial technologies within the context of developing world institutions and infrastructure. Hazardous waste generation by maquiladoras represents a critical environmental management issue because of the spatial concentration of these plants in border municipalities where the infrastructure for waste management is nonexistent or poor. These border municipalities contain rapidly increasing populations, which further stress their waste handling infrastructure capacities while exposing their populations to greater contaminant risks. Limited empirical knowledge exists concerning hazardous waste types and generation rates from maquiladorsas. There is no standard reporting method for waste generation or methodology for estimating generation rates at this time. This paper presents a method that can be used for the rapid assessment of hazardous waste generation. A first approximation of hazardous waste generation is produced for maquiladoras in the three municipalities of Nogales, Sonora, Mexicali, Baja California, and Cd. Juarez, Chihuahua, using the INVENT model developed by the World Bank. In addition, our intent is to evaluate the potential of the INVENT model for adaptation to the US/Mexico border industrial situation. The press of border industrial development, especially with the recent adoption of the NAFTA, make such assessments necessary as a basis for the environmental policy formulation and management needed in the immediate future.
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Chircop, Charmaine; Dingli, Nicola; Aquilina, Annelise; Zrinzo, Ludvic; Aquilina, Josanne
2018-05-26
Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) requires a specialist multidisciplinary approach and lifelong follow-up. Patient access can be a challenge for small nation states. Malta is an island nation with a population of just under 450 000. The number of patients likely to benefit from DBS is around 5 to 10 per year. This study explores the outcome of a cross border collaboration between specialist services at Queen Square, London and a tertiary centre in Malta. Between 2011 and 2015, 35 patients underwent MRI-Guided and MRI-Verified DBS with 29 receiving bilateral subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS for Parkinson's Disease under general anaesthesia. Pre-operative motor function was compared with one year post-operative motor function assessments in 26 patients (16 male; age 60 ± 9, range 32-70; disease duration 8.8 ± 2.7). Pre-operative and post-operative quality of life scores were also completed in 24 patients. There was significant improvement in off-medication Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) III motor function (41.7%), reduction in Levodopa Equivalent Dose (LED) (30.6%) and improvement in quality of life as measured by the Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39) (52.3%) (p < .001). All PDQ-39 dimensions showed significant improvement except communication, with greatest benefit in activities of daily living (ADLs) (72.4%) and stigma (66.3%). Surgical complications did not lead to any permanent deficit. Patients receiving DBS to other targets and for different indications also benefitted from surgery. An MRI-guided and MRI-verified approach to DBS was successfully implemented through cross border collaboration with achievement of expected clinical results. This healthcare collaboration developed out of necessity and opportunity, taking advantage of a UK-based neurosurgeon from Malta. The UK healthcare system benefits from numerous immigrants at Consultant level. Such a mutually beneficial arrangement could enable such individuals to offer their expertise to citizens in the UK as well as their country of origin.
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2004-11-01
The motivation behind the Transportation Infrastructure and Traffic Management Analysis of : Cross Border Bottlenecks study was generated by the U.S.-Mexico Border Partnership Action : Plan (Action item #2 of the 22-Point Smart Border Action Plan: De...
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19 CFR 148.73 - Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense. 148.73 Section 148.73 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... operated by or for the Department of Defense shall execute written baggage declarations. (b) Exemptions...
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19 CFR 148.73 - Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense. 148.73 Section 148.73 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... operated by or for the Department of Defense shall execute written baggage declarations. (b) Exemptions...
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19 CFR 148.73 - Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense. 148.73 Section 148.73 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... operated by or for the Department of Defense shall execute written baggage declarations. (b) Exemptions...
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19 CFR 148.73 - Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense. 148.73 Section 148.73 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... operated by or for the Department of Defense shall execute written baggage declarations. (b) Exemptions...
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19 CFR 148.73 - Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Baggage on carriers operated by the Department of Defense. 148.73 Section 148.73 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND... operated by or for the Department of Defense shall execute written baggage declarations. (b) Exemptions...
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Asserting National Sovereignty in Cyberspace: The Case for Internet Border Inspection
2003-06-01
Influencing Foreign Policy. in Internet and International Systems: Information Technology and American Foreign Policy Decisionmaking Workshop. 1999...investigative Agencies that investigate violations of federal law IO Information Operations, military operations in information realm IP Internet ...Protocol, a specific format for Internet packet headers IW Information Warfare, part of information operations NCP Network Control Protocol NSA
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2009-05-04
inconvenience and denial of Internet service, CNAs pose a threat to national security, if the right computer is hacked , to every day operations, if baking...expert J3: Current Operations Rep Private Sector/Civilian: cyber/CNA SME J5 Future Operations Rep Private Sector/Civilian: cyber/CND SME Table 2
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Huber, R; Borders, K W; Badrak, K; Netting, F E; Nelson, H W
2001-04-01
We propose national standards previously recommended for the Long-Term Care Ombudsman Program by an Institute of Medicine program evaluation committee, and introduce a tool to measure the compliance of local ombudsman programs to those standards: the Huber Badrak Borders Scales. The best practices for ombudsman programs detailed in the committee's report were adapted to 43 Likert-type scales that were then averaged into 10 infrastructure component scales: (a) program structure, (b) qualifications of local ombudsmen, (c) legal authority, (d) financial resources, (e) management information systems, (f) legal resources, (g) human resources, (h) resident advocacy services, (i) systemic advocacy, and (j) educational services. The scales were pilot-tested in 1996 and 1999 with Kentucky ombudsmen. The means of 9 of these 10 scales were higher in 1999 than in 1996, suggesting that local ombudsman programs were more in compliance with the proposed standards in 1999 than three years earlier. The development process consisted of 10 adopt-test-revise-retest steps that can be replicated by other types of programs to develop program compliance tools.
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1985-10-01
excluded, the success rate of elite forces declines to 33 percent. Nevertheless, commando and commando-type warfare possesses a number of advantages: * It...operations took place. When these two operations are excluded, the rate of success of elite forces declines significantly (to 33 percent). Commando units...102-103. 1°. -53- (68) Operation Aztec : attack on Jorge do Limpopo, Mapai, and Madulo Pan, Mozambique, May/June 1977: Cross-border operation
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2004-11-01
The motivation behind the Transportation Infrastructure and Traffic Management Analysis of : Cross Border Bottlenecks study was generated by the U.S.-Mexico Border Partnership Action : Plan (Action item #2 of the 22-Point Smart Border Action Plan: De...
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78 FR 64968 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-10-30
... progress of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Working Group, and review and discuss a case study... open to the public. DATES: COAC will meet on Friday, November 15, from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. EST... method indicated below: --For members of the public who plan to attend the meeting in person, please...
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The Contextual Impact on School Leadership in Kenya and Need for Trust Formation
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Abaya, Joel; Normore, Anthony H.
2014-01-01
This article is based on a qualitative case study carried out along the Nyanza-Rift Valley Provinces border in Southwestern Kenya. The purpose of this paper is to examine the context in which school leader's work and operate in southwestern Kenya. We further postulate how best the influence of these contexts can be minimized through the formation…
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An Inter-Networking Mechanism with Stepwise Synchronization for Wireless Sensor Networks
Yamamoto, Hiroshi; Wakamiya, Naoki; Murata, Masayuki
2011-01-01
To realize the ambient information society, multiple wireless networks deployed in the region and devices carried by users are required to cooperate with each other. Since duty cycles and operational frequencies are different among networks, we need a mechanism to allow networks to efficiently exchange messages. For this purpose, we propose a novel inter-networking mechanism where two networks are synchronized with each other in a moderate manner, which we call stepwise synchronization. With our proposal, to bridge the gap between intrinsic operational frequencies, nodes near the border of networks adjust their operational frequencies in a stepwise fashion based on the pulse-coupled oscillator model as a fundamental theory of synchronization. Through simulation experiments, we show that the communication delay and the energy consumption of border nodes are reduced, which enables wireless sensor networks to communicate longer with each other. PMID:22164073
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1956-09-05
Section (Operations) : Col. Masao Terada Senior Operations Staff Officer s Lt. Col. Takuahiro Hattori 174 Oparatlons ataff Offleart t Lt...2 cos, aprx 10 tks ea) and the 4th Tk Regt (Lt. Col. Tamada ; Type 95 It tks, 3 cos, aprr 10 vks eaj. — Ed. 260 t ! ^ ’if1! jflfl Ist...Col, Tamada ) was killed in action. At .out the same time, on the right flank, the 3d Tank Regiment (medium armor) pene- trated the enemy’s
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Penaranda, Eribeth; Molokwu, Jennifer; Hernandez, Ingrid; Salaiz, Rebekah; Nguyen, Norma; Byrd, Theresa; Shokar, Navkiran
2014-07-01
Hispanic women living along the US border with Mexico have one of the highest cervical cancer mortality rates in the nation, owing in part to lower rates of screening. The barriers to screening in this population include lack of access to care and fear of and embarrassment about the pelvic examination. Screening for oncogenic or high-risk human papillomavirus during cervical cytology has been added to screening recommendations. A novel method for human papillomavirus testing is self-sampling, in which women collect their own cervicovaginal samples. There is lack of information about the acceptability of self-sampling as an alternative to cytology for cervical cancer screening in women living along the US-Mexico border. We conducted five focus groups with women between the ages of 30 and 65 who were primary care patients of clinics along the US-Mexico border. We used constructs from different health behavioral theories as a framework for the interview guide. A total of 21 women participated in the focus groups, 80% of whom were Hispanic; mean age was 53.4 (standard deviation 7.9). More than one-third (38%) of the participants had not undergone a Papanicolaou test in the last 3 years. Women identified the perceived benefits of self-sampling as ease, convenience, practicability, less embarrassment, and need for child care as compared with a Papanicolaou test. The main barrier to self-sampling was concern about not performing the test correctly. In this qualitative study, we found positive attitudes toward self-sampling among women living along the US border with Mexico. Further research is needed to evaluate interventions that address women's low levels of self-efficacy to perform the test and to evaluate the effectiveness of self-sampling in increasing cervical cancer screening rates.
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2010-06-11
Force–Rural Area Police Patrol Unit (Unidad Móvil Policial Para Reas Rurales) also known as Los Leopardos (the Leopards ). USBP U.S. Border Patrol...99Ibid. 38 Antinarcotics Force--Rural Area Police Patrol Unit (Unidad Móvil Policial Para Reas Rurales) also known as Los Leopardos (the Leopards ). The...training or preparation time for this mission. Upon arrival he found that the inclement cold weather included snow , sleet, ice, and frigid cold
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2014-07-01
partnership with Public Safety Canada. Led by Canada Border Services Agency partners included : Royal Canadian Mounted Police, Defence Research...Canada, as represented by the Minister of National Defence, 2014 © Sa Majesté la Reine (en droit du Canada), telle que représentée par le ministre de la...innovative technologies for public safety and security practitioners to achieve specific objectives; 4. Threats/Hazards F – Major trans-border criminal
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Omo River Delta, Lake Turkana, Ethiopia/Kenya border, Africa
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1991-01-01
As a result of land clearing operations in the local area, the Omo River Delta (4.5N, 36.0E) at the north end of Lake Turkana, on the Ethiopia/Kenya border has become enlarged through topsoil erosion. The delta measured 800 sq. km. in 1981 doubled to 1,600 sq. km. by 1988 and was up to 1,800 sq. km. in 1991. This is the same area where the Leaky Anthropological Team discovered the earliest remains of human ancestors.
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Gaps in Border Controls Are Related to Quarantine Alien Insect Invasions in Europe
Bacon, Steven James; Bacher, Sven; Aebi, Alexandre
2012-01-01
Alien insects are increasingly being dispersed around the world through international trade, causing a multitude of negative environmental impacts and billions of dollars in economic losses annually. Border controls form the last line of defense against invasions, whereby inspectors aim to intercept and stop consignments that are contaminated with harmful alien insects. In Europe, member states depend on one another to prevent insect introductions by operating a first point of entry rule – controlling goods only when they initially enter the continent. However, ensuring consistency between border control points is difficult because there exists no optimal inspection strategy. For the first time, we developed a method to quantify the volume of agricultural trade that should be inspected for quarantine insects at border control points in Europe, based on global agricultural trade of over 100 million distinct origin-commodity-species-destination pathways. This metric was then used to evaluate the performance of existing border controls, as measured by border interception results in Europe between 2003 and 2007. Alarmingly, we found significant gaps between the trade pathways that should be inspected and actual number of interceptions. Moreover, many of the most likely introduction pathways yielded none or very few insect interceptions, because regular interceptions are only made on only a narrow range of pathways. European countries with gaps in border controls have been invaded by higher numbers of quarantine alien insect species, indicating the importance of proper inspections to prevent insect invasions. Equipped with an optimal inspection strategy based on the underlying risks of trade, authorities globally will be able to implement more effective and consistent border controls. PMID:23112835
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Autonomous robot for detecting subsurface voids and tunnels using microgravity
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wilson, Stacy S.; Crawford, Nicholas C.; Croft, Leigh Ann; Howard, Michael; Miller, Stephen; Rippy, Thomas
2006-05-01
Tunnels have been used to evade security of defensive positions both during times of war and peace for hundreds of years. Tunnels are presently being built under the Mexican Border by drug smugglers and possibly terrorists. Several have been discovered at the border crossing at Nogales near Tucson, Arizona, along with others at other border towns. During this war on terror, tunnels under the Mexican Border pose a significant threat for the security of the United States. It is also possible that terrorists will attempt to tunnel under strategic buildings and possibly discharge explosives. The Center for Cave and Karst Study (CCKS) at Western Kentucky University has a long and successful history of determining the location of caves and subsurface voids using microgravity technology. Currently, the CCKS is developing a remotely controlled robot which will be used to locate voids underground. The robot will be a remotely controlled vehicle that will use microgravity and GPS to accurately detect and measure voids below the surface. It is hoped that this robot will also be used in military applications to locate other types of voids underground such as tunnels and bunkers. It is anticipated that the robot will be able to function up to a mile from the operator. This paper will describe the construction of the robot and the use of microgravity technology to locate subsurface voids with the robot.
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2013-05-20
II-9 – II-10. 17 Boehnert, John and Nasi , Jamie, “Military Information Support Operations in the Trans-Sahel” (Special Warfare, January-March 2013...Boehnert, and Nasi , “Military Information Support Operations in the Trans-Sahel.” 19 Boehnert and Nasi , “Military Information Support Operations in...messaging nested with strategic objectives. According to Boehnert and Nasi , “All MIST activities are nested in the various theater, operational and
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Barko, V.A.; Herzog, D.P.; Hrabik, R.A.; Scheibe, J.S.
2004-01-01
Large rivers worldwide have been altered by the construction and maintenance of navigation channels, which include extensive bank revetments, wing dikes, and levees. Using 7 years of Long-Term Resource Monitoring Program (LTRMP) data collected from the unimpounded upper Mississippi River, we investigated assemblages in two main-channel-border physical habitats-those with wing dikes and those without wing dikes. Fishes were captured using daytime electrofishing, mini-fyke netting, large hoop netting, and small hoop netting. Our objectives were to (1) assess associations among fish species richness, physical measurements, and main-channel-border physical habitats using stepwise multiple regression and indicator variables; (2) identify abundant adult and young-of-year (age-0) families in both physical habitats to further investigate assemblage composition; and (3) calculate standardized species richness estimates within each physical habitat for adult and age-0 fishes to provide additional information on community structure. We found species richness was greater at wing dikes for both adult and age-0 fishes when compared with main channel borders. Stepwise multiple regression revealed significant relationships between adult species richness and passive gear deployment (e.g,, hoop nets and mini-fyke nets), physical habitat type, and river elevation, as well as interactions between physical habitat and passive gears, and physical habitat and transparency (i.e., Secchi depth). This model explained 56% of the variance in adult species richness. Approximately 15% of the variation in age-0 species richness was explained by the sample period, sample date, transparency, physical habitat, and depth of gear deployment. Long-term impacts of river modifications on fishes have not been well documented in many large river systems and warrant further study. The findings from this study provide baseline ecological information on fish assemblages using main channel borders in the unimpounded upper Mississippi River, information that will aid managers making channel maintenance decisions in large river systems.
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2015-06-12
money laundering operations that support criminal and terrorist organizations. Transnational organizations transcend the borders and operate globally...Modlin Thesis Title: The Threat of Convergence of Terror Groups with Transnational Criminal Organizations in Order to Utilize Existing Smuggling
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19 CFR 10.877 - Direct costs of processing operations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Direct costs of processing operations. 10.877 Section 10.877 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. United States-Oman...
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19 CFR 10.877 - Direct costs of processing operations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Direct costs of processing operations. 10.877 Section 10.877 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. United States-Oman...
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19 CFR 10.877 - Direct costs of processing operations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-04-01
... 19 Customs Duties 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Direct costs of processing operations. 10.877 Section 10.877 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY ARTICLES CONDITIONALLY FREE, SUBJECT TO A REDUCED RATE, ETC. United States-Oman...
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2013-01-01
Background Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is becoming an alternative way of establishing quickly the diagnosis of malaria infections, by detecting specific malaria antigens in suspected patients’ blood between the China-Myanmar endemic borders areas, towards achieving the National Malaria Elimination programme by 2020. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pan RDT kit for the diagnosis of malaria infections in suspected patients. Blood examination by microscopy was taken as gold standard to evaluate CareStart™ kit’s sensitivity, specificity and predictive value and corrected with PCR assay. Results Overall 126 of 241 (52.28%) malaria cases were detected by microscopy compared to 115 of 241(47.72%) CareStart™ kit and 128 of 241 (53.11%) PCR corrected assay. CareStart™ kit’s sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malaria were 89.68% and 98.26% respectively, compared to standard microscopy, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for falciparum malaria were 88.52% and 98.26%, and for vivax malaria: 90.77% and 100%. The CareStart™ positive predictive values were 98.26% (93.88-99.52%, 95% CI) compared to 100% (96.77-100%, 95% CI) for PCR-corrected, and the negative predictive values of 89.68% (83.15-93.87%, 95% CI) were the same in microscopy as PCR-corrected. The diagnostic accuracy of CareStart™ kit versus microscopy and PCR were 93.78% (89.99-96.19%, 95% CI) and 94.61% (90.99-96.82%, 95% CI) respectively. The likelihood of diagnostic of malaria positive was almost similar between microscopy and CareStart™ kit, with an entropy reduction of 60.0% compared to a weak likelihood of misdiagnosis of 0.10 (0.09-0.12, 95% CI), with an entropy reduction of 36.01%. Conclusion The accuracy of CareStart™ kit is comparable to gold standard microscopy in these areas, it is easy to perform and suitable for cross-border diagnosis and monitoring of local or imported malaria patterns by any local health staff in endemic remotes. PMID:23294729
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Xiaodong, Sun; Tambo, Ernest; Chun, Wei; Zhibin, Cheng; Yan, Deng; Jian, Wang; Jiazhi, Wang; Xiaonong, Zhou
2013-01-07
Rapid diagnostic test (RDT) is becoming an alternative way of establishing quickly the diagnosis of malaria infections, by detecting specific malaria antigens in suspected patients' blood between the China-Myanmar endemic borders areas, towards achieving the National Malaria Elimination programme by 2020. The objective of this study is to evaluate the performance of CareStart™ Malaria Pf/Pan RDT kit for the diagnosis of malaria infections in suspected patients. Blood examination by microscopy was taken as gold standard to evaluate CareStart™ kit's sensitivity, specificity and predictive value and corrected with PCR assay. Overall 126 of 241 (52.28%) malaria cases were detected by microscopy compared to 115 of 241(47.72%) CareStart™ kit and 128 of 241 (53.11%) PCR corrected assay. CareStart™ kit's sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of malaria were 89.68% and 98.26% respectively, compared to standard microscopy, whereas the sensitivity and specificity for falciparum malaria were 88.52% and 98.26%, and for vivax malaria: 90.77% and 100%. The CareStart™ positive predictive values were 98.26% (93.88-99.52%, 95% CI) compared to 100% (96.77-100%, 95% CI) for PCR-corrected, and the negative predictive values of 89.68% (83.15-93.87%, 95% CI) were the same in microscopy as PCR-corrected. The diagnostic accuracy of CareStart™ kit versus microscopy and PCR were 93.78% (89.99-96.19%, 95% CI) and 94.61% (90.99-96.82%, 95% CI) respectively. The likelihood of diagnostic of malaria positive was almost similar between microscopy and CareStart™ kit, with an entropy reduction of 60.0% compared to a weak likelihood of misdiagnosis of 0.10 (0.09-0.12, 95% CI), with an entropy reduction of 36.01%. The accuracy of CareStart™ kit is comparable to gold standard microscopy in these areas, it is easy to perform and suitable for cross-border diagnosis and monitoring of local or imported malaria patterns by any local health staff in endemic remotes.
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Detecting a trend change in cross-border epidemic transmission
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Maeno, Yoshiharu
2016-09-01
A method for a system of Langevin equations is developed for detecting a trend change in cross-border epidemic transmission. The equations represent a standard epidemiological SIR compartment model and a meta-population network model. The method analyzes a time series of the number of new cases reported in multiple geographical regions. The method is applicable to investigating the efficacy of the implemented public health intervention in managing infectious travelers across borders. It is found that the change point of the probability of travel movements was one week after the WHO worldwide alert on the SARS outbreak in 2003. The alert was effective in managing infectious travelers. On the other hand, it is found that the probability of travel movements did not change at all for the flu pandemic in 2009. The pandemic did not affect potential travelers despite the WHO alert.
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The Design Process of Physical Security as Applied to a U.S. Border Port of Entry
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Wagner, G.G.
1999-02-22
This paper details the application of a standard physical security system design process to a US Border Port of Entry (PoE) for vehicle entry/exit. The physical security design methodology is described as well as the physical security similarities to facilities currently at a US Border PoE for vehicles. The physical security design process description includes the various elements that make up the methodologies well as the considerations that must be taken into account when dealing with system integration of those elements. The distinctions between preventing unlawful entry/exit of illegal contraband and personnel are described. The potential to enhance the functionsmore » of drug/contraband detection in the Pre-Primary Inspection area through the application of emerging technologies are also addressed.« less
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The impact of Border policy effect on cross-border ethnic areas
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Bie, Q. L.; Zhou, S. Y.; Li, C. S.
2013-11-01
Boundary effect analysis is related to border policy making in the cross-border ethnic area. The border effect literatures show that geographic boundaries have obvious impacts on economic, social and cultural relations in both sides of a nation border. Particularly in cross-border ethnic areas, each ethnic group has strong internal spatial structure relevance, and the boundary effect is more obvious. However, most of China's border areas are cross-border ethnic areas, each of border issues is unique. Under this perspective, we analyze the border effects of various boundaries can provide basis for formulating border management policies. For small scale of cross-border ethnic minority areas, how to formulate the boundary management policy is a good question to explore. This paper is demonstrated by a study of the impact of border management policies in Dehong Dai and Jingpo Autonomous Prefecture in Yunnan Province at the border area to Burma. The comparative method is used to analysis the border management policies in past 50 decades for the border area of Yunnan Province .This research aims to define trends within border policy and its influences to national security. This paper also examines Wendy Brown's liberal theory of border management policy. We found that it is not suitable for Sino-Burma border area. The conclusion is that the changes or instability of international economic and political situation has more influence to this cross-border ethnic area, and only innovative policy will be effective in cross-border ethnic area. So the border management policies should reflect the change of international context.
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78 FR 43220 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-07-19
...) Working Group, and review and discuss a case study regarding the Partner Government Agency--Message Set... to the public. DATES: COAC will meet on Wednesday, August 7, from 1:00 p.m. to 5:00 p.m. e.s.t...-registering using a method indicated below: --For members of the public who plan to attend the meeting in...
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``Quality's `others'?'' The politics of bordering and re-bordering our educational standards
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Soudien, Crain
2011-08-01
The 14th World Congress of the World Council of Comparative Education Societies (WCCES), held in Istanbul in June 2010, was entitled "Bordering, re-bordering and new possibilities for change in education and society". It opened with this address, in which the author explores how the idea of a norm works for education using key benchmarking mechanisms such as the Global Monitoring Report (GMR). Aside from the issues of equality and access to education, the question of quality is at the heart of debates almost everywhere. From the very beginning of comparative education as a field right up to where we find ourselves today, an abiding concern has been how we might learn from the education systems of others to improve our own. Critical, for the purposes of this discussion, is the assumption that we have reached a point in educational development in these mechanisms, in what we value and for which we will hold each other accountable, where we give no status to hierarchy. The author is essentially interested in the question of whether we have a sufficiently robust universal understanding of "value" and quality.
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Effects of Vegetated Field Borders on Arthropods in Cotton Fields in Eastern North Carolina
Outward, Randy; Sorenson, Clyde E.; Bradley, J. R.
2008-01-01
The influence, if any, of 5m wide, feral, herbaceous field borders on pest and beneficial arthropods in commercial cotton, Gossypium hirsutum (L.) (Malvales: Malvaceae), fields was measured through a variety of sampling techniques over three years. In each year, 5 fields with managed, feral vegetation borders and five fields without such borders were examined. Sampling was stratified from the field border or edge in each field in an attempt to elucidate any edge effects that might have occurred. Early season thrips populations appeared to be unaffected by the presence of a border. Pitfall sampling disclosed no differences in ground-dwelling predaceous arthropods but did detect increased populations of crickets around fields with borders. Cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii Glover) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations were too low during the study to adequately assess border effects. Heliothines, Heliothis virescens (F.) and Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), egg numbers and damage rates were largely unaffected by the presence or absence of a border, although in one instance egg numbers were significantly lower in fields with borders. Overall, foliage-dwelling predaceous arthropods were somewhat more abundant in fields with borders than in fields without borders. Tarnished plant bugs, Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) (Heteroptera: Miridae) were significantly more abundant in fields with borders, but stink bugs, Acrosternum hilare (Say), and Euschistus servus (Say) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) numbers appeared to be largely unaffected by border treatment. Few taxa clearly exhibited distributional edge effects relative to the presence or absence of border vegetation. Field borders like those examined in this study likely will have little impact on insect pest management in cotton under current insect management regimens. PMID:20345293
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Impact of proposed Washington State water quality standards on Hanford
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Corley, J.P.; Selby, J.M.
1967-11-03
The proposed regulation relating to Water Quality Standards for Interstate and Coastal Waters of the State of Washington contains eight standards. Standards are established for Total Coliform Organisms, Dissolved Oxygen, Temperature, Radioactivity, pH, Turbidity, Toxic or Deleterious Material, and Aesthetic Values. The Columbia River from the Washington-Oregon border to Priest Rapids is designated as class A water. Additionally, special temperature requirements are defined for this reach of the river. This report reviews the measured and projected conditions in this reach of the river in relation to these standards. 4 figs.
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Martínez, Daniel E; Slack, Jeremy; Beyerlein, Kraig; Vandervoet, Prescott; Klingman, Kristin; Molina, Paola; Manning, Shiras; Burham, Melissa; Walzak, Kylie; Valencia, Kristen; Gamboa, Lorenzo
2017-07-01
Increased border enforcement efforts have redistributed unauthorized Mexican migration to the United States (US) away from traditional points of crossing, such as San Diego and El Paso, and into more remote areas along the US-Mexico border, including southern Arizona. Yet relatively little quantitative scholarly work exists examining Mexican migrants' crossing, apprehension, and repatriation experiences in southern Arizona. We contend that if scholars truly want to understand the experiences of unauthorized migrants in transit, such migrants should be interviewed either at the border after being removed from the US, or during their trajectories across the border, or both. This paper provides a methodological overview of the Migrant Border Crossing Study (MBCS), a unique data source on Mexican migrants who attempted an unauthorized crossing along the Sonora-Arizona border, were apprehended, and repatriated to Nogales, Sonora in 2007-09. We also discuss substantive and theoretical contributions of the MBCS.
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Verhey, Janko F; Nathan, Nadia S
2004-01-01
Background Finite element method (FEM) analysis for intraoperative modeling of the left ventricle (LV) is presently not possible. Since 3D structural data of the LV is now obtainable using standard transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) devices intraoperatively, the present study describes a method to transfer this data into a commercially available FEM analysis system: ABAQUS©. Methods In this prospective study TomTec LV Analysis TEE© Software was used for semi-automatic endocardial border detection, reconstruction, and volume-rendering of the clinical 3D echocardiographic data. A newly developed software program MVCP FemCoGen©, written in Delphi, reformats the TomTec file structures in five patients for use in ABAQUS and allows visualization of regional deformation of the LV. Results This study demonstrates that a fully automated importation of 3D TEE data into FEM modeling is feasible and can be efficiently accomplished in the operating room. Conclusion For complete intraoperative 3D LV finite element analysis, three input elements are necessary: 1. time-gaited, reality-based structural information, 2. continuous LV pressure and 3. instantaneous tissue elastance. The first of these elements is now available using the methods presented herein. PMID:15473901
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Quintana, Penelope J. E.; Dumbauld, Jill J.; Garnica, Lynelle; Chowdhury, M. Zohir; Velascosoltero, José; Mota-Raigoza, Arturo; Flores, David; Rodríguez, Edgar; Panagon, Nicolas; Gamble, Jamison; Irby, Travis; Tran, Cuong; Elder, John; Galaviz, Vanessa E.; Hoffman, Lisa; Zavala, Miguel; Molina, Luisa T.
2014-05-01
The San Diego/Tijuana US-Mexico border crossing at the San Ysidro Port of Entry (POE) is the world's busiest international land border crossing (GSA, 2013). San Ysidro, California, is the US community immediately adjacent to the border crossing. More than 90% of San Ysidro residents are Hispanic, and the average household income is less than 60% of the San Diego regional average. This study investigated the San Ysidro POE as a source of traffic-related air pollutants in San Ysidro, especially in relation to wind direction and northbound vehicle wait times. The pollutants ultrafine particulate matter (UFP), black carbon (BC), and particulate matter <2.5 μm in diameter (PM2.5) were periodically sampled through the course of 2010 at four rooftop locations: one commercial establishment near the POE, two elementary schools in San Ysidro, and a coastal estuary reference site. Weather data from two nearby sites and northbound border wait times were also collected. Results indicate consistently higher daytime BC and UFP concentrations at the measurement sites near the POE. Pollution concentrations were higher during low wind speeds or when wind was blowing from the POE towards San Ysidro. In February, March and November measurements, black carbon pollution appeared to be significantly positively associated with the POE northbound wait times when the wind direction was blowing from the POE towards San Ysidro or during low wind speeds, but not when the wind direction was from the west/northwest towards the POE. This pilot study is the first to investigate the potential effect of the POE, especially the long northbound traffic delays, on the nearby community of San Ysidro. Disparities in traffic exposures are an environmental justice issue and this should be taken into account during planning and operation of POEs.
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2013-12-16
Logging operations have left a striking checkerboard pattern in the landscape along the Idaho-Montana border, sandwiched between Clearwater and Bitterroot National Forests as seen in this image acquired by NASA Terra spacecraft.
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International Issues, High-Stakes Testing, and Border Pedagogy: Social Studies at Border High School
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cashman, Timothy G.; McDermott, Benjamin R.
2013-01-01
A recently constructed border wall stands within walking distance of Border High School (BHS) and was created to impede the flow of people, goods, fauna, and contraband from Mexico into the United States (U.S.). The reality, however, is that this geopolitical border is fluid, allowing connections between sociopolitical zones. The researchers…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ramirez, Pablo C.; Ross, Lydia; Jimenez-Silva, Margarita
2016-01-01
In this one-year qualitative study, the authors examined how border pedagogy is enacted by two Latino/a high school teachers in a border community in Southern California. Through classroom observations, the authors documented powerful student discussions that named complex borders (Giroux, 1992) that existed in their daily lives. We drew from…
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Unresolved legal questions in cross-border health care in Europe: liability and data protection.
van der Molen, I N; Commers, M J
2013-11-01
Directive 2011/24/EU was designed to clarify the rights of EU citizens in evaluating, accessing and obtaining reimbursement for cross-border care. Based on three regional case studies, the authors attempted to assess the added value of the Directive in helping clarify issues in to two key areas that have been identified as barriers to cross-border care: liability and data protection. Qualitative case study employing secondary data sources including research of jurisprudence, that set up a Legal framework as a base to investigate liability and data protection in the context of cross-border projects. By means of three case studies that have tackled liability and data protection hurdles in cross-border care implementation, this article attempts to provide insight into legal certainty and uncertainty regarding cross-border care in Europe. The case studies reveal that the Directive has not resolved core uncertainties related to liability and data protection issues within cross-border health care. Some issues related to the practice of cross-border health care in Europe have been further clarified by the Directive and some direction has been given to possible solutions for issues connected to liability and data protection. Directive 2011/24/EU is clearly a transposition of existing regulations on data protection and ECJ case law, plus a set of additional, mostly, voluntary rules that might enhance regional border cooperation. Therefore, as shown in the case studies, a practical and case by case approach is still necessary in designing and providing cross-border care. © 2013 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-07-30
... 105.14 at or near Gardendale in LaSalle County, Tex. The line is owned by Crystal City Railroad, Inc... line of railroad and TRS received an exemption to lease and operate the line. See Crystal City R.R... Operation Exemption--Crystal City R.R., FD 31757 (served Nov. 15, 1990). In 1995, CCR was authorized to...
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Volatile organic compound measurements in the California/Mexico border region during SCOS97
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Zielinska, B.; Sagebiel, J.; Uberna, E.
1999-07-01
Measurements of volatile organic compounds (VOC) were carried out in the California/Mexico border region during the Southern California Ozone study in the Summer of 1997 (SCOS97). Integrated 3-hr samples were collected in Rosarito (south of Tijuana, Mexico) and in Mexicali during Intensive Operational Periods (IOP), twice per IOP day. VOC were collected using stainless-steel 6 L canisters; carbonyl compounds were collected using 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) impregnated C{sub 18} SepPak cartridges. The canister samples were analyzed for speciated volatile hydrocarbons (C{sub 2}-C{sub 12}), CO, CO{sub 2}, CH{sub 4}, MTBE, and halogenated hydrocarbons. DNPH-impregnated cartridges were analyzed for fourteen C{sub 1}-C{sub 7} carbonylmore » compounds. The results of these measurements will be discussed.« less
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40 CFR 792.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 792.81... operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing, setting... data generated in the course of a study. All deviations in a study from standard operating procedures...
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40 CFR 792.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 33 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 792.81... operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing, setting... data generated in the course of a study. All deviations in a study from standard operating procedures...
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40 CFR 792.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 32 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 792.81... operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing, setting... data generated in the course of a study. All deviations in a study from standard operating procedures...
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UNCOMPAHGRE PRIMITIVE AREA, COLORADO.
Luedke, R.G.; Sheridan, M.J.
1984-01-01
A mineral-resource study was made of that part of the Uncompahgre National Forest, Colorado constituting the officially designated primitive area. Because the primitive area and its southern border zone contained operating mines producing gold, silver, copper, lead, zinc, and minor amounts of a few other metals, and had been a part of a highly productive mining region, the area was concluded to have large segments of both probable and substantiated mineral-resource potential. No energy resources were identified in the study.
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47 CFR 90.683 - EA-based SMR system operations.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... operate base stations using any of the base station frequencies identified in their spectrum block... base stations at any location on the border of the EA service area in accordance with § 90.689; (4... with § 90.621(b), to all previously authorized co-channel stations that are not associated with another...
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76 FR 64966 - Re-Accreditation and Re-Approval of Intertek Caleb Brett as a Commercial Gauger
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-10-19
....gov/xp/cgov/import/operations_support/labs_scientific_svcs/org_and_operations.xml . DATES: The re... DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY Bureau of Customs and Border Protection Re-Accreditation and Re..., Department of Homeland Security. ACTION: Notice of re-approval of Intertek Caleb Brett, Ponce, Puerto Rico...
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Asymmetry and irregularity border as discrimination factor between melanocytic lesions
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sbrissa, David; Pratavieira, Sebastião.; Salvio, Ana Gabriela; Kurachi, Cristina; Bagnato, Vanderlei Salvadori; Costa, Luciano Da Fontoura; Travieso, Gonzalo
2015-06-01
Image processing tools have been widely used in systems supporting medical diagnosis. The use of mobile devices for the diagnosis of melanoma can assist doctors and improve their diagnosis of a melanocytic lesion. This study proposes a method of image analysis for melanoma discrimination from other types of melanocytic lesions, such as regular and atypical nevi. The process is based on extracting features related with asymmetry and border irregularity. It were collected 104 images, from medical database of two years. The images were obtained with standard digital cameras without lighting and scale control. Metrics relating to the characteristics of shape, asymmetry and curvature of the contour were extracted from segmented images. Linear Discriminant Analysis was performed for dimensionality reduction and data visualization. Segmentation results showed good efficiency in the process, with approximately 88:5% accuracy. Validation results presents sensibility and specificity 85% and 70% for melanoma detection, respectively.
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NARCOTERRORISM in Latin America: A Brazilian Perspective
2006-04-01
1991, an- other operation, Operation Perro Loco was launched at the Colombian border to confront new latent FARC threats. This operation was con...ducted in the Iauaretê and Querarí regions, both in the Amazonas State Dog’s Head (Cabeça do Cachorro) region.78 Both operations, Traíra and Perro Loco...and São Joaquim, gives rise to its name. 79. For more details about the Traíra and Perro Loco Operations, see Al- varo de Souza Pinheiro
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Modified Judet approach and minifragment fixation of scapular body and glenoid neck fractures.
Jones, Clifford B; Cornelius, Jonathan P; Sietsema, Debra L; Ringler, James R; Endres, Terrence J
2009-09-01
To describe the technique and to determine the outcome of operatively treated displaced scapular body or glenoid neck fractures using minifragment fixation through a modified Judet approach. Retrospective review of scapular or glenoid fractures. Level 1 teaching trauma center. All treated scapular or glenoid fractures over 7 years (1999-2005) were determined. Of a total of 227 scapular or glenoid fractures, 37 were treated with open reduction internal fixation and formed the basis of study. All patients were followed for a minimum of 1 year until healing or discharge from care. All operatively treated scapular fractures were performed in the lateral position on a radiolucent table. A modified Judet approach was used in all patients. The posterior deltoid was incised off the scapular spine cephalad reaching the lateral scapular border. The interval between the teres minor and infraspinatus was paramount for fracture reduction and implant insertion. The 2.7-mm minifragment plates were applied along the lateral border of the scapula. Radiographic assessment of fracture healing and clinical assessment of shoulder function. The majority of patients were males (31 males, 6 females) who sustained blunt trauma. All scapular fractures maintained fixation and reduction. No wound or muscle dehiscence problems were noted. Average range of motion was 158 degrees (range 90-180 degrees). There were no fixation failures or instances of implant loosening. The modified Judet approach allows for excellent scapular and glenoid fracture visualization and reduction while preserving rotator cuff function. Minifragment fixation along the lateral scapular border provides excellent plate position, screw length, and fracture stability.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
.... Note to § 24.129: Operations in markets or portions of markets which border other countries, such as Canada and Mexico, will be subject to on-going coordination arrangements with neighboring countries. [66...
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The mechanisms of brush border Na+/H+ exchanger activation by corticosteroids.
Zallocchi, Marisa; Igarreta, Pilar; Calvo, Juan Carlos; Reboucas, Nancy Amaral; Damasco, María Christina
2003-02-01
Previously we showed that corticosterone and aldosterone increased proton fluxes in proximal tubule, by micropuncture and stationary microperfusion. Since the Na+/H+ exchanger is responsible for the main proximal proton secretion, we have now evaluated the effects aldosterone on Na+/H+ exchange activity in brush border vesicles. In order to evaluate the mechanism of action of glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids, we studied the comparative effects of corticosterone and aldosterone on the abundance of NHE3 and NHE2 isoforms. We isolated renal brush border vesicles from rats by differential centrifugation in sham-operated, adrenalectomized, and adrenalectomized-aldosterone treated (ADX + aldosterone) animals. We measured the kinetics of H+ transport in response to increasing concentrations of Sodium Gluconate by fluorimetry using acridine orange. For Na+/H+ exchanger abundance we used Western blot analysis of brush border proteins in the above groups and in adrenalectomized-corticosterone treated rats. The Vmax in adrenalectomized animals was 22,162+/-1828 fluorescence units/min; in sham animals, 37,020+/-2722; and in ADX + aldosterone, 42,344+/-3044 (p<0.01 adrenalectomized vs others). No differences in Km were observed. Adrenalectomy decreased NHE3 abundance over Sham by 32% without modifying NHE2. Corticosterone-replacement enhanced NHE3 abundance by 76% and failed to increase NHE2. Aldosterone enhanced NHE2 abundance by 75% and did not increase NHE3. Mineralocorticoids enhance Na+/H+ exchange activity by increasing NHE2 abundance; glucocorticoids, by increasing NHE3 abundance.
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Reconstruction and Vital Infrastructure Industry. Industry Study, Spring 2008
2008-01-01
country in a post-conflict environment treats the people within its borders is an important consideration that must be accounted for in order for...of violence in South Africa that is “reminiscent of the bloodiest days of apartheid [wherein] most of the victims [are] foreigners in squatter...global partners . To this end, the USG should: • Give reconstruction and stability operations priority commensurate with its importance to our national
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Clarke, David J.; Davis, Eric; Varco, Alan G.
2008-10-01
Surveillance Of Borders Coastlines And Harbours (SOBCAH ) is becoming increasingly challenging in Europe due to the expansion of new European borders coupled with the increased risks from the potential quantity and variety of terrorist activities. SOBCAH was an 18-month programme undertaken as a European Commission funded Preparatory Action in the field of Security Research (PASR) initiative to identify and demonstrate improvements in security; initially focusing on techniques to maximise the surveillance and detection effectiveness of existing sensor systems and technologies. This paper discusses the rationale in identifying the requirements, establishing a system architecture and the findings of building a security system demonstrator that underwent trials in the Port of Genoa, Italy in July 2007. It will provide an overview of the main drivers for a European-wide concept to standardise the development of enhanced border security systems. The paper will focus on techniques employed in the demonstrator to maximise the intelligence gathered from many disparate sensor sources without burdening the work load of the operators; providing enhanced situational awareness of the threat environment.
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Loff, Steffan; Wirth, Hartmut; Jester, Iwgo; Hosie, Stuart; Wollmann, Carmen; Schaible, Thomas; Ataman, Ozge; Waag, Karl-Ludwig
2005-11-01
Large defects in patients with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are frequently closed with a polytetrafluoroethylene patch (PTFE). Intraoperative problems include lack of abdominal domain for the reduction of organs and closure of the abdominal wall. Main surgical postoperative complication is the recurrence of the hernia. We suggest a new and easy method of patch implantation, improving these problems, and report first follow-up results. In our clinic, 103 children with CDH were treated, and 87 children underwent reconstruction of the diaphragm in the 5 years between 1998 and 2002. In 52 patients, a patch implantation had to be performed. We have been optimizing our complete pediatric and surgical procedure and present a new standardized technique of preparation and implantation of a PTFE patch. The flat patch is folded to a 90 degrees cone. The cone is fixed in its form with few single stitches. It is implanted with an overlapping border of 1 cm circumferentially. The border is separately fixed with absorbable single stitches to keep from rolling up. The rough side of the patch points toward the rim of the diaphragm to enable ingrowth of the connective tissue. In a 1-year follow-up study, the recurrences in the 3 following groups of PTFE patches were studied: conventional implantation (simple patch without overlapping border), patch with separately fixed overlapping border, and cone-shaped patch with overlapping separately fixed border. Thirty-three patients were included in the study. After conventional PTFE-patch implantation, 6 (46%) of 13 patients developed reherniation. After PTFE-patch implantation with separately fixed overlapping border, 1 (11%) of 9 patients had a recurrent hernia. In the group with the PTFE-cone implantation, 1 (9%) of 11 patients developed a recurrence. Meanwhile, another 20 CDH patients received implantation of a cone-shaped patch, and no further recurrence occurred up to now. With the additional space (20 mL) provided by the cone-shaped patch, the closure of the abdomen was easier, and the fundus had intraoperatively a physiological position. This optimized patch implantation technique in large diaphragmatic defects offers considerable advantages especially regarding recurrence of the hernia and closure of the abdomen, which are currently the most challenging surgical problems. 1. The cone-shaped 3-dimensional patch increases abdominal capacity. 2. Redundant chest capacity is reduced, and the reconstructed diaphragm shows a physiological shape. 3. The dome of the patch allows a physiological position of the gastric fundus and a normal Hiss angle, thus preventing gastroesophageal reflux. 4. Additional safety of the implantation is achieved by separate fixation of the overlapping border of the cone, preventing recurrence.
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Jansen, Wiebke; Woudstra, Svenja; Müller, Anja; Grabowski, Nils; Schoo, Gundela; Gerulat, Bettina; Klein, Günter; Kehrenberg, Corinna
2018-01-01
Though imports of products of animal origin into the European Union (EU) have to comply with legal requirements and quality standards of the community, food consignment rejections at external EU borders have been increasing in recent years. This study explored microbiological metrics according to national target and critical values valid for samples at consumer level of 498 fresh poultry meat and 136 fresh pork filets from consignments subjected to physical checks during clearing at the border inspection post Hamburg harbour between January 2014 and December 2015 with ISO standard methods. Quantitative results indicated that critical thresholds for aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were never surpassed. Merely for staphylococci, one poultry sample (0.2%) and 10 pork samples (9.3%) exceeded the critical limit (3.7 log cfu/g). However, qualitative analyses revealed that, Staphylococcus aureus was present in 16% and 10% of all poultry and pork samples, respectively, though no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus could be confirmed. Moreover, E. coli was present in 50% and 67% of all pork and poultry samples, respectively, and thereof 33 isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli. Only 1.2% of the poultry samples were unacceptable due to the presence of Salmonella spp., whereas they were not detected in any pork sample. Campylobacter spp. were not detected in any sample. Though imported pork and poultry meat complies mostly with national market requirements, it might pose a potential risk to public health, especially for a direct or indirect foodborne transmission of imported, uncommon strains of zoonotic bacteria.
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Jansen, Wiebke; Woudstra, Svenja; Müller, Anja; Grabowski, Nils; Schoo, Gundela; Gerulat, Bettina
2018-01-01
Though imports of products of animal origin into the European Union (EU) have to comply with legal requirements and quality standards of the community, food consignment rejections at external EU borders have been increasing in recent years. This study explored microbiological metrics according to national target and critical values valid for samples at consumer level of 498 fresh poultry meat and 136 fresh pork filets from consignments subjected to physical checks during clearing at the border inspection post Hamburg harbour between January 2014 and December 2015 with ISO standard methods. Quantitative results indicated that critical thresholds for aerobic counts, Enterobacteriaceae, and E. coli were never surpassed. Merely for staphylococci, one poultry sample (0.2%) and 10 pork samples (9.3%) exceeded the critical limit (3.7 log cfu/g). However, qualitative analyses revealed that, Staphylococcus aureus was present in 16% and 10% of all poultry and pork samples, respectively, though no methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus could be confirmed. Moreover, E. coli was present in 50% and 67% of all pork and poultry samples, respectively, and thereof 33 isolates were confirmed as extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing E. coli. Only 1.2% of the poultry samples were unacceptable due to the presence of Salmonella spp., whereas they were not detected in any pork sample. Campylobacter spp. were not detected in any sample. Though imported pork and poultry meat complies mostly with national market requirements, it might pose a potential risk to public health, especially for a direct or indirect foodborne transmission of imported, uncommon strains of zoonotic bacteria. PMID:29425222
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Boccardi, Marina; Bocchetta, Martina; Apostolova, Liana G.; Barnes, Josephine; Bartzokis, George; Corbetta, Gabriele; DeCarli, Charles; deToledo-Morrell, Leyla; Firbank, Michael; Ganzola, Rossana; Gerritsen, Lotte; Henneman, Wouter; Killiany, Ronald J.; Malykhin, Nikolai; Pasqualetti, Patrizio; Pruessner, Jens C.; Redolfi, Alberto; Robitaille, Nicolas; Soininen, Hilkka; Tolomeo, Daniele; Wang, Lei; Watson, Craig; Wolf, Henrike; Duvernoy, Henri; Duchesne, Simon; Jack, Clifford R.; Frisoni, Giovanni B.
2015-01-01
Background This study aimed to have international experts converge on a harmonized definition of whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures, to define standard operating procedures for magnetic resonance (MR)-based manual hippocampal segmentation. Methods The panel received a questionnaire regarding whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures. Quantitative information was supplied to allow evidence-based answers. A recursive and anonymous Delphi procedure was used to achieve convergence. Significance of agreement among panelists was assessed by exact probability on Fisher’s and binomial tests. Results Agreement was significant on the inclusion of alveus/fimbria (P =.021), whole hippocampal tail (P =.013), medial border of the body according to visible morphology (P =.0006), and on this combined set of features (P =.001). This definition captures 100% of hippocampal tissue, 100% of Alzheimer’s disease-related atrophy, and demonstrated good reliability on preliminary intrarater (0.98) and inter-rater (0.94) estimates. Discussion Consensus was achieved among international experts with respect to hippocampal segmentation using MR resulting in a harmonized segmentation protocol. PMID:25130658
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Boccardi, Marina; Bocchetta, Martina; Apostolova, Liana G; Barnes, Josephine; Bartzokis, George; Corbetta, Gabriele; DeCarli, Charles; deToledo-Morrell, Leyla; Firbank, Michael; Ganzola, Rossana; Gerritsen, Lotte; Henneman, Wouter; Killiany, Ronald J; Malykhin, Nikolai; Pasqualetti, Patrizio; Pruessner, Jens C; Redolfi, Alberto; Robitaille, Nicolas; Soininen, Hilkka; Tolomeo, Daniele; Wang, Lei; Watson, Craig; Wolf, Henrike; Duvernoy, Henri; Duchesne, Simon; Jack, Clifford R; Frisoni, Giovanni B
2015-02-01
This study aimed to have international experts converge on a harmonized definition of whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures, to define standard operating procedures for magnetic resonance (MR)-based manual hippocampal segmentation. The panel received a questionnaire regarding whole hippocampus boundaries and segmentation procedures. Quantitative information was supplied to allow evidence-based answers. A recursive and anonymous Delphi procedure was used to achieve convergence. Significance of agreement among panelists was assessed by exact probability on Fisher's and binomial tests. Agreement was significant on the inclusion of alveus/fimbria (P = .021), whole hippocampal tail (P = .013), medial border of the body according to visible morphology (P = .0006), and on this combined set of features (P = .001). This definition captures 100% of hippocampal tissue, 100% of Alzheimer's disease-related atrophy, and demonstrated good reliability on preliminary intrarater (0.98) and inter-rater (0.94) estimates. Consensus was achieved among international experts with respect to hippocampal segmentation using MR resulting in a harmonized segmentation protocol. Copyright © 2015 The Alzheimer's Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
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Biswas, Mainak; Kuppili, Venkatanareshbabu; Araki, Tadashi; Edla, Damodar Reddy; Godia, Elisa Cuadrado; Saba, Luca; Suri, Harman S; Omerzu, Tomaž; Laird, John R; Khanna, Narendra N; Nicolaides, Andrew; Suri, Jasjit S
2018-07-01
The carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is an important biomarker for cardiovascular diseases and stroke monitoring. This study presents an intelligence-based, novel, robust, and clinically-strong strategy that uses a combination of deep-learning (DL) and machine-learning (ML) paradigms. A two-stage DL-based system (a class of AtheroEdge™ systems) was proposed for cIMT measurements. Stage I consisted of a convolution layer-based encoder for feature extraction and a fully convolutional network-based decoder for image segmentation. This stage generated the raw inner lumen borders and raw outer interadventitial borders. To smooth these borders, the DL system used a cascaded stage II that consisted of ML-based regression. The final outputs were the far wall lumen-intima (LI) and media-adventitia (MA) borders which were used for cIMT measurements. There were two sets of gold standards during the DL design, therefore two sets of DL systems (DL1 and DL2) were derived. A total of 396 B-mode ultrasound images of the right and left common carotid artery were used from 203 patients (Institutional Review Board approved, Toho University, Japan). For the test set, the cIMT error for the DL1 and DL2 systems with respect to the gold standard was 0.126 ± 0.134 and 0.124 ± 0.100 mm, respectively. The corresponding LI error for the DL1 and DL2 systems was 0.077 ± 0.057 and 0.077 ± 0.049 mm, respectively, while the corresponding MA error for DL1 and DL2 was 0.113 ± 0.105 and 0.109 ± 0.088 mm, respectively. The results showed up to 20% improvement in cIMT readings for the DL system compared to the sonographer's readings. Four statistical tests were conducted to evaluate reliability, stability, and statistical significance. The results showed that the performance of the DL-based approach was superior to the nonintelligence-based conventional methods that use spatial intensities alone. The DL system can be used for stroke risk assessment during routine or clinical trial modes. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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40 CFR 160.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 160.81... GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 160.81 Standard operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing setting forth study...
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40 CFR 160.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 24 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 160.81... GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 160.81 Standard operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing setting forth study...
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40 CFR 160.81 - Standard operating procedures.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-07-01
... 40 Protection of Environment 25 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Standard operating procedures. 160.81... GOOD LABORATORY PRACTICE STANDARDS Testing Facilities Operation § 160.81 Standard operating procedures. (a) A testing facility shall have standard operating procedures in writing setting forth study...
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77 FR 24656 - Extension of Port Limits of Indianapolis, IN
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-04-25
...-0118. FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Roger Kaplan, Office of Field Operations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, (202) 325-4543, or by email at Roger.Kaplan@dhs.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I...
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Second Line of Defense Spares Program Assessment
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Henderson, Dale L.; Muller, George; Mercier, Theresa M.
2012-11-20
The Office of the Second Line of Defense (SLD) is part of the Department of Energy‘s (DOE) National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). The SLD Program accomplishes its critical global security mission by forming cooperative relationships with partner countries to install passive radiation detection systems that augment traditional inspection and law enforcement measures by alerting border officials to the presence of special nuclear or other radiological materials in cross-border traffic. An important tenet of the program is to work collaboratively with these countries to establish the necessary processes, procedures, infrastructure and conditions that will enable them to fully assume the financialmore » and technical responsibilities for operating the equipment. As the number of operational deployments grows, the SLD Program faces an increasingly complex logistics process to promote the timely and efficient supply of spare parts.« less
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Responses of Crop Pests and Natural Enemies to Wildflower Borders Depends on Functional Group.
McCabe, Ellie; Loeb, Gregory; Grab, Heather
2017-07-25
Increased homogeneity of agricultural landscapes in the last century has led to a loss of biodiversity and ecosystem services. However, management practices such as wildflower borders offer supplementary resources to many beneficial arthropods. There is evidence that these borders can increase beneficial arthropod abundance, including natural enemies of many pests. However, this increase in local habitat diversity can also have effects on pest populations, and these effects are not well-studied. In this study, we investigated how wildflower borders affect both natural enemies and pests within an adjacent strawberry crop. Significantly more predators were captured in strawberry plantings with wildflower borders versus plantings without wildflowers, but this effect depended on sampling method. Overall, herbivore populations were lower in plots with a wildflower border; however, responses to wildflower borders varied across specific pest groups. Densities of Lygus lineolaris (Tarnished Plant Bug), a generalist pest, increased significantly in plots that had a border, while Stelidota geminata (Strawberry Sap Beetle) decreased in strawberry fields with a wildflower border. These results suggest that wildflower borders may support the control of some pest insects; however, if the pest is a generalist and can utilize the resources of the wildflower patch, their populations may increase within the crop.
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-03-15
... Permits for the construction, connection, operation, or maintenance at the borders of the United States... Department for an amendment to their current Presidential Permit authorizing it to operate at a higher... address current and future demand by U.S. and Canada refineries for supplies of heavy crude oil from the...
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U.S. Maritime Security: Sustainability Challenges
2011-09-01
Security Council ICE Immigration and Customs Enforcement IOC Interagency Operation Center JHOC Joint Harbor Operation Center JIATF-S Joint...maritime threats into nation threats, transnational criminal and piracy threats, environmental destruction, and illegal seaborne immigration (U.S...safe and secure borders, welcome lawful immigrants and visitors and promote the free-flow of commerce (U.S. Department of Homeland Security, 2011
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-13
... Operation of Low Energy X-Ray Inspection Systems at U.S. Customs and Border Protection Operational Areas... Environmental Assessment (PEA) and a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI) for Low Energy X-Ray Inspection... Protection, telephone (202) 344-3131. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: LEXRIS LEXRIS is a low energy x-ray...
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Morphological variations of papillary muscles in the mitral valve complex in human cadaveric hearts.
Gunnal, Sandhya Arvind; Wabale, Rajendra Namdeo; Farooqui, Mujeebuddin Samsamuddin
2013-01-01
Papillary muscle rupture and dysfunction can lead to complications of prolapsed mitral valve and mitral regurgitation. Multiple operative procedures of the papillary muscles, such as resection, repositioning and realignment, are carried out to restore normal physiological function. Therefore, it is important to know both the variations and the normal anatomy of papillary muscles. This study was carried out on 116 human cadaveric hearts. The left ventricles were opened along the left border in order to view the papillary muscles. The number, shape, position and pattern of the papillary muscles were observed. In this series, the papillary muscles were mostly found in groups instead of in twos, as is described in standard textbooks. Four different shapes of papillary muscles were identified - conical, broad-apexed, pyramidal and fan-shaped. We also discovered various patterns of papillary muscles. No two mitral valve complexes have the same architectural arrangement. Each case seems to be unique. Therefore, it is important for scientists worldwide to study the variations in the mitral valve complex in order to ascertain the reason behind each specific architectural arrangement. This will enable cardiothoracic surgeons to tailor the surgical procedures according to the individual papillary muscle pattern.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Chan, L. Y.; Liu, Y. M.; Lee, S. C.; Chan, C. Y.
Vehicle exhaust is the major source of pollutant in modern cities. About half of Hong Kong residents are living in suburban or rural areas. They need to traverse through tunnels, highways, urban street canyons and other road conditions in different landuse areas when they traverse to work in urban centres or new towns. Also, there is increasing traffic, especially trucks across the border between Hong Kong and mainland China via several border highways. This study helps us in assessing the exposure level of suburban and cross border commuters. Carbon monoxide (CO) is used as a tracer for traffic emission. An experimental vehicle traversing major commuting corridors were used to measure CO levels in different landuse and roadway microenvironments including tunnels and highways. The air samples were taken simultaneously at the outside and inside of a travelling vehicle. Result indicates that the pattern of fluctuation of the out-vehicle and in-vehicle CO level vary with different landuse areas. The variation pattern of in-vehicle CO level is closely related to that of out-vehicle level. The effects of the out-vehicle CO concentration on the in-vehicle CO concentration under different roadway conditions in various landuse categories are examined. There is an indication that external air pollutants penetrated into the in-vehicle compartment through car body cracks, ventilation system. From our observation, the exhaust of a nearby petrol vehicle contributed significantly to the in-vehicle CO level. The use of low standard of diesel fuel from Shenzhen in mainland China leads to higher CO level near border area.
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Assessment of Uncertainties Related to Seismic Hazard Using Fuzzy Analysis
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Jorjiashvili, N.; Yokoi, T.; Javakhishvili, Z.
2013-05-01
Seismic hazard analysis in last few decades has been become very important issue. Recently, new technologies and available data have been improved that helped many scientists to understand where and why earthquakes happen, physics of earthquakes, etc. They have begun to understand the role of uncertainty in Seismic hazard analysis. However, there is still significant problem how to handle existing uncertainty. The same lack of information causes difficulties to quantify uncertainty accurately. Usually attenuation curves are obtained in statistical way: regression analysis. Statistical and probabilistic analysis show overlapped results for the site coefficients. This overlapping takes place not only at the border between two neighboring classes, but also among more than three classes. Although the analysis starts from classifying sites using the geological terms, these site coefficients are not classified at all. In the present study, this problem is solved using Fuzzy set theory. Using membership functions the ambiguities at the border between neighboring classes can be avoided. Fuzzy set theory is performed for southern California by conventional way. In this study standard deviations that show variations between each site class obtained by Fuzzy set theory and classical way are compared. Results on this analysis show that when we have insufficient data for hazard assessment site classification based on Fuzzy set theory shows values of standard deviations less than obtained by classical way which is direct proof of less uncertainty.
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National bicycling and walking study : 10 year status report
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1995-12-01
This case study examines trucking across the western U.S.-Canada border and how it is influenced by truck size and weight (TS&W) regulations. Western border trucking differs from eastern border trucking in terms of the types of commodities being hand...
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Monte Carlo Simulation of a 12 MeV Cargo Container Inspection System
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Ozcan, Ibrahim; Chandler, Katherine; Spaulding, Randy; Farfan, Eduardo
2007-05-01
After the terrorist events of 9/11, border security has become one of the most important issues in national security due to the large number of cargo containers entering the country. Screening of all cargo containers for nuclear materials should be performed during border inspections. The technical aspects of inspecting cargo containers using electron accelerators have been studied previously. However, the radiological protection aspects involved in these studies have not been fully considered. This screening process may accidentally harm operators, workers, and bystanders; as well as stowaways hiding inside the containers. In this research project, external doses were estimated at various locations near the inspection system. A 12-MeV linear accelerator (LINAC) was used in the experiment. The relationship between the various locations and doses were determined in this simulation. The simulation was performed using MCNPX. To cite this abstract, use the following reference: http://meetings.aps.org/link/BAPS.2007.NWS07.B2.8
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Myofilament dysfunction contributes to impaired myocardial contraction in the infarct border zone
Shimkunas, Rafael; Makwana, Om; Spaulding, Kimberly; Bazargan, Mona; Khazalpour, Michael; Takaba, Kiyoaki; Soleimani, Mehrdad; Myagmar, Bat-Erdene; Lovett, David H.; Simpson, Paul C.; Ratcliffe, Mark B.
2014-01-01
After myocardial infarction, a poorly contracting nonischemic border zone forms adjacent to the infarct. The cause of border zone dysfunction is unclear. The goal of this study was to determine the myofilament mechanisms involved in postinfarction border zone dysfunction. Two weeks after anteroapical infarction of sheep hearts, we studied in vitro isometric and isotonic contractions of demembranated myocardium from the infarct border zone and a zone remote from the infarct. Maximal force development (Fmax) of the border zone myocardium was reduced by 31 ± 2% versus the remote zone myocardium (n = 6/group, P < 0.0001). Decreased border zone Fmax was not due to a reduced content of contractile material, as assessed histologically, and from myosin content. Furthermore, decreased border zone Fmax did not involve altered cross-bridge kinetics, as assessed by muscle shortening velocity and force development kinetics. Decreased border zone Fmax was associated with decreased cross-bridge formation, as assessed from muscle stiffness in the absence of ATP where cross-bridge formation should be maximized (rigor stiffness was reduced 34 ± 6%, n = 5, P = 0.011 vs. the remote zone). Furthermore, the border zone myocardium had significantly reduced phosphorylation of myosin essential light chain (ELC; 41 ± 10%, n = 4, P < 0.05). However, for animals treated with doxycycline, an inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinases, rigor stiffness and ELC phosphorylation were not reduced in the border zone myocardium, suggesting that doxycycline had a protective effect. In conclusion, myofilament dysfunction contributes to postinfarction border zone dysfunction, myofilament dysfunction involves impaired cross-bridge formation and decreased ELC phosphorylation, and matrix metalloproteinase inhibition may be beneficial for limiting postinfarct border zone dysfunction. PMID:25128171
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Genetic analyses of herding traits in the Border Collie using sheepdog trial data.
Storteig Horn, S; Steinheim, G; Fjerdingby Olsen, H; Gjerjordet, H F; Klemetsdal, G
2017-04-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate the quality of the data provided from sheepdog trials in Norway, estimate heritabilities, repeatabilities and genetic correlations for the traits included in the trial and make recommendations on how sheepdog trials best can be utilized in the breeding of Border Collies in Norway. The analyses were based on test results from sheepdog trials carried out in Norway from 1993 to 2012. A total of 45 732 records from 3841 Border Collies were available, but after quality assurance only a third was left. The results demonstrated little information in the data. Heritabilities varied between 0.010 and 0.056 with standard errors ranging from 0.010 to 0.023, while repeatabilities ranged from 0.041 to 0.286. There is a need to assure the quality of data to improve the information in the test results. We recommend adding new traits based on the Herding Trait Characterization scheme evaluated in Sweden, and on traits from the predatory motor pattern, regarded as common for all dogs. These new traits may be scored across the elements that make up the current trial system, which should be kept in place to stimulate participation in the genetic evaluation scheme. © 2016 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.
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Isolation of the Lateral Border Recycling Compartment using a diaminobenzidine-induced density shift
Sullivan, David P.; Rüffer, Claas; Muller, William A.
2014-01-01
The migration of leukocytes across the endothelium and into tissue is critical to mounting an inflammatory response. The Lateral Border Recycling Compartment (LBRC), a complex vesicular-tubule invagination of the plasma membrane found at endothelial cell borders, plays an important role in the this process. Although a few proteins have been shown to be present in the LBRC, no unique marker is known. Here we detail methods that can be used to characterize a subcellular compartment that lacks an identifying marker. Initial characterization of the LBRC was performed using standard subcellular fractionation with sucrose gradients and took advantage of the observation that the compartment migrated at a lower density than other membrane compartments. To isolate larger quantities of the compartment, we modified a classic technique known as a diaminobenzidine (DAB)-induced density shift. The DAB-induced density shift allowed for specific isolation of membranes labeled with HRP conjugated antibody. Because the LBRC could be differentially labeled at 4°C and 37°C, we were able to identify proteins that are enriched in the compartment, despite lacking a unique marker. These methods serve as a model to others studying poorly characterized compartments and organelles and are applicable to a wide variety of biological systems. PMID:24915828
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Optical coherence tomography in guided surgery of GI cancer
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Zagaynova, Elena V.; Abelevich, Alexander I.; Zagaynov, Vladimir E.; Gladkova, Natalia D.; Denisenko, Arkady N.; Feldchtein, Felix I.; Snopova, Ludmila B.; Kutis, Irina S.
2005-04-01
Optical Coherence Tomography (OCT) is a new high spatial resolution, real-time optical imaging modality, known from prior pilot studies for its high sensitivity to invasive cancer. We reported our results in an OCT feasibility study for accurate determination of the proximal border for esophageal carcinoma and the distal border for rectal carcinoma. The OCT study enrolled 19 patients with rectal adenocarcinoma and 24 patients with distal esophageal carcinoma (14 squamous cell carcinomas, 10 adenocarcinomas). During pre-surgery planning endoscopy we performed in vivo OCT imaging of the tumor border at four dial clock axes (12, 3, 6 and 9 o"clock). The OCT border then was marked by an electrocoagulator, or by a methylene blue tattoo. A cold biopsy (from the esophagus) was performed at visual and OCT borders and compared with visual and OCT readings. 27 post-surgery excised specimens were analyzed. OCT borders matched the histopathology in 94% cases in the rectum and 83.3% in the esophagus. In the cases of a mismatch between the OCT and histology borders, a deep tumor invasion occurred in the muscle layer (esophagus, rectum). Because of its high sensitivity to mucosal cancer, OCT can be used for pre-surgery planning and surgery guidance of the proximal border for esophageal carcinoma and the distal border for rectal carcinoma. However, deep invasion in the rectum or esophageal wall has to be controlled by alternative diagnostic modalities.
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BORDER EFFECTS ON DSM-5 ALCOHOL USE DISORDERS ON BOTH SIDES OF THE U.S.-MEXICO BORDER
Cherpitel, Cheryl J.; Ye, Yu; Bond, Jason; Zemore, Sarah E.; Borges, Guilherme; Greenfield, Thomas K.
2015-01-01
Background Little epidemiological evidence exists on alcohol use and related problems along the U.S.-Mexico border, although the borderlands have been the focus of recent media attention related to the escalating drug/violence “epidemic”. In the present study the relationship of proximity of living at the border and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is analyzed from the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC). Methods Household surveys were conducted on 2,336 Mexican Americans in Texas (771 in a non-border city and 1,565 from three border cities located in the three poorest counties in the U.S.) and 2,460 Mexicans from the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas in Mexico (811 in a non-border city and 1,649 from three cities which are sister cities to the Texas border sites). Results Among current drinkers, prevalence of AUD was marginally greater (p<0.10) at the U.S. border compared to the non-border, but the opposite was true in Mexico (p<0.001), and these trends continued on both sides across volume and 5+ drinking days. Prevalence was greater in Laredo/Nuevo Laredo relative to their respective sister city counterparts on the same side. Border effects appeared greater for males than females in the U.S. and the opposite in Mexico. Conclusion The data suggest that border proximity may affect AUD in both the U.S. and Mexico, but in the opposite direction, and may be related to the relative perceived or actual stress of living in the respective communities. PMID:25649987
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Border effects on DSM-5 alcohol use disorders on both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border.
Cherpitel, Cheryl J; Ye, Yu; Bond, Jason; Zemore, Sarah E; Borges, Guilherme; Greenfield, Thomas K
2015-03-01
Little epidemiological evidence exists on alcohol use and related problems along the U.S.-Mexico border, although the borderlands have been the focus of recent media attention related to the escalating drug/violence "epidemic". In the present study, the relationship of proximity of living at the border and alcohol use disorders (AUDs) is analyzed from the U.S.-Mexico Study on Alcohol and Related Conditions (UMSARC). Household surveys were conducted on 2336 Mexican Americans in Texas (771 in a non-border city and 1565 from three border cities located in the three poorest counties in the U.S.) and 2460 Mexicans from the states of Nuevo Leon and Tamaulipas in Mexico (811 in a non-border city and 1649 from three cities which are sister cities to the Texas border sites). Among current drinkers, prevalence of AUD was marginally greater (p<0.10) at the U.S. border compared to the non-border, but the opposite was true in Mexico (p<0.001), and these trends continued on both sides across volume and 5+ drinking days. Prevalence was greater in Laredo/Nuevo Laredo relative to their respective sister city counterparts on the same side. Border effects appeared greater for males than females in the U.S. and the opposite in Mexico. The data suggest that border proximity may affect AUD in both the U.S. and Mexico, but in the opposite direction, and may be related to the relative perceived or actual stress of living in the respective communities. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.
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An Arizona Border Wall Case Study
2017-12-01
WALL CASE STUDY by Justin Alexander Bristow December 2017 Thesis Advisor: Erik Dahl Second Reader: Jorge Gonzalez THIS PAGE...4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE AN ARIZONA BORDER WALL CASE STUDY 5. FUNDING NUMBERS 6. AUTHOR(S) Justin Alexander Bristow 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION...PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK iii Approved for public release. Distribution is unlimited. AN ARIZONA BORDER WALL CASE STUDY Justin Alexander
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Dressings as an adjunct to pressure ulcer prevention: consensus panel recommendations.
Black, Joyce; Clark, Michael; Dealey, Carol; Brindle, Christopher T; Alves, Paulo; Santamaria, Nick; Call, Evan
2015-08-01
The formulation of recommendations on the use of wound dressings in pressure ulcer prevention was undertaken by a group of experts in pressure ulcer prevention and treatment from Australia, Portugal, UK and USA. After review of literature, they concluded that there is adequate evidence to recommend the use of five-layer silicone bordered dressings (Mepilex Border Sacrum(®) and 3 layer Mepilex Heel(®) dressings by Mölnlycke Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden) for pressure ulcer prevention in the sacrum, buttocks and heels in high-risk patients, those in Emergency Department (ED), intensive care unit (ICU) and operating room (OR). Literature on which this recommendation is based includes one prospective randomised control trial, three cohort studies and two case series. Recommendations for dressing use in patients at high risk for pressure injury and shear injury were also provided. © 2014 The Authors. International Wound Journal © 2014 Medicalhelplines.com Inc and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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The state-of-the-art port of entry workshop
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Godfrey, B.
1995-05-01
The increased demand for freight movements through international ports of entry and the signing of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) have increased freight traffic at border ports of entry. The State-of-the-Art Port of Entry Workshop initiated a dialogue among technologists and stakeholders to explore the potential uses of technology at border crossings and to set development priorities. International ports of entry are both information and labor intensive, and there are many promising technologies that could be used to provide timely information and optimize inspection resources. Participants universally held that integration of technologies and operations is critical to improvingmore » port services. A series of Next Steps was developed to address stakeholder issues and national priorities, such as the National Transportation Policy and National Drug Policy. This report documents the views of the various stakeholders and technologists present at the workshop and outlines future directions of study.« less
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Arakelyan, A.; Babayan, H.; Karakhanyan, A.; Durgaryan, R.; Basilaia, G.; Sokhadze, G.; Bidzinashvili, G.
2012-12-01
The Javakheti Highland located in the border region between Armenia and Georgia (sharing a border with Turkey) is an area in the Southern Caucasus of young Holocene-Quaternary volcanism and a region with convergence of a number of active faults. Issues related to the geometry, kinematics and slip-rate of these faults and assessment of their seismic hazard remain unclear in part due to the fragmentary nature of the studies carried out soley within the borders of each of the countries as opposed to region wide. In the frame of the ISTC A-1418 Project "Open network of scientific Centers for mitigation risk of natural hazards in the Southern Caucasus and Central Asia" the Javakheti Highland was selected as a trans-border test-zone. This designation allowed for the expansion and upgrading of the seismological and geodynamic monitoring networks under the auspices of several international projects (ISTC CSP-053 Project "Development of Communication System for seismic hazard situations in the Southern Caucasus and Central Asia", NATO SfP- 983284 Project "Caucasus Seismic Emergency Response") as well as through joint research programs with the National Taiwan University and Institute of Earth Sciences (IES, Taiwan), Universite Montpellier II (France) and Ecole et Observatoire des Sciences de la Terre-Université de Strasbourg (France). Studies of geodynamic processes, and seismicity of the region and their interaction have been carried out utilizing the newly established seismological and geodynamic monitoring networks and have served as a basis for the study of the geologic and tectonic structure . Upgrading and expansion of seismological and geodynamic networks required urgent solutions to the following tasks: Introduction of efficient online systems for information acquisition, accumulation and transmission (including sattelite systems) from permanent and temporary installed stations, Adoption of international standards for organization and management of databases in GIS format, Utilization of data archiving system working in intrnationally adopted formats and data exchange systems for communication with other international and national centers.
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There is a perception among the population of the border communities that they have increased exposure due to their proximity to pollution sources in Mexico. This study provides exposure data for the border population that will be compared with data from a probabilistic exposure...
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To authorize appropriations for Operation Stonegarden of the Department of Homeland Security.
Rep. McCaul, Michael T. [R-TX-10
2009-04-22
House - 05/04/2009 Referred to the Subcommittee on Border, Maritime, and Global Counterterrorism. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:
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76 FR 17143 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-03-28
... Data System 5. Enhancing Air Cargo Security 6. National Strategy Global Supply Chain Security and the...: Committee Management; Notice of Federal Advisory Committee Meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on...
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76 FR 58030 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2011-09-19
... steps and formulate recommendations on the following four issues: The work of the Global Supply Chain...: Committee Management; Notice of Federal Advisory Committee Meeting. SUMMARY: The Advisory Committee on...
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Cross border ITS systems with traffic management centers : project summary.
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2016-07-31
Traffic management centers (TMCs) in Texas play a : vital role in managing traffic operations in many : major metropolitan areas. TMCs have deployed : extensive detection, monitoring, and communication : infrastructure to allow Texas Department of : ...
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Prevalence of unilateral and bilateral deafness in border collies and association with phenotype.
Platt, Simon; Freeman, Julia; di Stefani, Alberta; Wieczorek, Lara; Henley, William
2006-01-01
Congenital sensorineural deafness (CSD) occurs in Border Collies, but its prevalence and inheritance are unknown. This study estimated the prevalence of CSD in Border Collies and investigated its association with phenotypic attributes linked to the merle gene, including coat pigmentation and iris color. Deafness in Border Collies is associated with pigmentation patterns linked to the merle gene. A total of 2597 Border Collies from the United Kingdom. A retrospective study of Border Collies tested, during 1994-2002, by using brainstem auditory evoked responses. Associations between deafness and phenotypic attributes were assessed by using generalized logistic regression. The prevalence of CSD in puppies was estimated as 2.8%. The corresponding rates of unilateral and bilateral CSD were 2.3 and 0.5%, respectively. Adjustment for clustering of hearing status by litter reduced the overall prevalence estimate to 1.6%. There was no association between CSD and sex (P = .2). Deaf Border Collies had higher rates of merle coat pigmentation, blue iris pigment, and excess white on the head than normal hearing Border Collies (all P < .001). The odds of deafness were increased by a factor of 14 for Border Collies with deaf dams, relative to the odds for dogs with normal dams (P = .007), after adjustment for phenotypic attributes. Associations between CSD and pigmentation patterns linked to the merle gene were demonstrated for Border Collies. Evidence for an inherited component to CSD in Border Collies supports selective breeding from only tested and normal parents to reduce the prevalence of this disease.
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Reconsidering Military Support to Counterdrug Operations Along the U.S.-Mexico Border
2009-12-11
needles and two doses of morphine. An ice-cold Coca Cola actually contained cocaine until 1903. Marijuana was not regulated in any way. Such...tend to avoid advertising their actions. However, Drug Smugglers on Drug Smuggling: Lessons from the Inside is a scholarly study that provides...JTF- North planners are able to predict the composition and preparedness of eventual military support units. JTF-North’s advertising to military
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Paths to Victory: Detailed Insurgency Case Studies
2013-01-01
insurgency with informers , spies, and double agents. Eager to snuff out insurgent cross-border sanctuaries, Spinola exe- cuted Operation Mal Verde, a ...fruit when Magaia was shot dead by a fellow FRELIMO fighter suspected of being a double agent working for the COIN force, a move that exploited the...established a network of informants in the local community and, to some degree, within the Clandestine Front as well. It also relied heavily on
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Quantification of deep percolation from two flood-irrigated alfalfa field, Roswell Basin, New Mexico
Roark, D. Michael; Healy, D.F.
1998-01-01
For many years water management in the Roswell ground-water basin (Roswell Basin) and other declared basins in New Mexico has been the responsibility of the State of New Mexico. One of the water management issues requiring better quantification is the amount of deep percolation from applied irrigation water. Two adjacent fields, planted in alfalfa, were studied to determine deep percolation by the water-budget, volumetric-moisture, and chloride mass-balance methods. Components of the water-budget method were measured, in study plots called borders, for both fields during the 1996 irrigation season. The amount of irrigation water applied in the west border was 95.8 centimeters and in the east border was 169.8 centimeters. The total amount of precipitation that fell during the irrigation season was 21.9 centimeters. The increase in soil-moisture storage from the beginning to the end of the irrigation season was 3.2 centimeters in the west border and 8.8 centimeters in the east border. Evapotranspiration, as estimated by the Bowen ratio energy balance technique, in the west border was 97.8 centimeters and in the east border was 101.0 centimeters. Deep percolation determined using the water-budget method was 16.4 centimeters in the west border and 81.6 centimeters in the east border. An average deep percolation of 22.3 centimeters in the west border and 31.6 centimeters in the east border was determined using the volumetric-moisture method. The chloride mass-balance method determined the multiyear deep percolation to be 15.0 centimeters in the west border and 38.0 centimeters in the east border. Large differences in the amount of deep percolation between the two borders calculated by the water-budget method are due to differences in the amount of water that was applied to each border. More water was required to flood the east border because of the greater permeability of the soils in that field and the smaller rate at which water could be applied.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
MacBeath, John
2009-01-01
This article comments on international consequences of performativity cultures and curriculum standardization, focusing particularly on the situation in England. It highlights the divide between youth culture and school learning, and the particular damage for poorer students. It argues the impact of the English performativity regime on teacher…
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[Post-operative infections after cosmetic tourism].
Holst-Albrechtsen, Sine; Sørensen, Lene Birk; Juel, Jacob
2018-06-11
Cosmetic tourism is defined as patient mobility across borders, typically constituted by patients seeking cosmetic surgery at lower costs abroad. The most common procedures are abdominoplasty, fat grafting and breast augmentation. Very little is known about the complication rates after cosmetic tourism, and there is a paucity of evidence in all aspects of cosmetic tourism. In this review, we focus on post-operative complications i.e. post-operative infections, in particular with rare microorganisms such as mycobacteria.
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Yarapatineni, Rameshbabu; Vilekar, Abhishek; Kumar, J Phani; Kumar, G Ajay; Aravind, Prasad; Kumar, P Anil
2013-01-01
Background: This study was undertaken to compare the retention between sectional border molding using low fusing greenstick compound and single step border molding using condensation silicone (putty) impression material in three stages- A. Immediately following border molding, B. After final impression and C. With the finished permanent denture base. Materials & Methods: In this study evaluation of retentive values of sectional border molding (Group I) (custom impression trays border molded with green stick compound ) and single step border molding (Group II) ( border molding with condensation silicone (putty) impression material ). In both techniques definitive wash impression were made with light body condensation silicone and permanent denture base with heat cure polymerization resin. Results: Group II was significantly higher (mean=8011.43) than Group I (mean=5777.43) in test-A. The t-value (1.5883) infers that there was significant difference between Group I and Group II (p =0.15). Group I was significantly higher (mean=6718.57) than Group II (mean=5224.29) in test -B. The t-value (1.6909) infers that there was significant difference between Group I and Group II (p=0.17). Group II was higher (mean=4025.14) than Group I (mean=3835.07) in test -C. The t-value was 0.1239. But it was found to be statistically insignificant (p=0.005). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this clinical study border molding custom tray with low fusing green stick compound provided similar retention as compared to custom impression tray with condensation silicone in permanent denture base. How to cite this article: Yarapatineni R, Vilekar A, Kumar JP, Kumar GA, Aravind P, Kumar PA. Comparative evaluation of border molding, using two different techniques in maxillary edentulous arches - An in vivo study. J Int Oral Health 2013; 5(6):82-7 . PMID:24453450
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Spante, Maria; Karlsen, Asgjerd Vea; Nortvig, Anne-Mette; Christiansen, Rene B.
2014-01-01
Gränsöverskridande Nordisk Undervisning/Utdanelse (GNU, meaning Cross-Border Nordic Education), the larger Nordic project, under which this case study was carried out, aims at developing innovative, cross-border teaching models in different subject domains in elementary school, including mathematics, language, science, social studies and history.…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ghazarian, Peter G.
2014-01-01
Globalization has driven growth in the market for cross-border students. Mainland China, with a burgeoning economy and the largest national population, has become an important source of cross-border students. This study identifies ideal attraction in mainland China to destinations for cross-border tertiary education, as expressed by ideal first…
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Caught on the Mexican-US Border: The Insecurity and Desire of Collaboration between Two Universities
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Maldonado-Maldonado, Alma; Cantwell, Brendan
2008-01-01
Understandings of cross-border university collaboration are often informed by a concept of internationalisation that privileges the rationales of university administrators. A case study of two asymmetric universities along the border of Mexico and the United States--one of the most active and problematic borders in the world--found that, rather…
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Sloat, Edward F.; Makkonen, Reino; Koehler, Paul
2007-01-01
This report contrasts the characteristics of border and nonborder districts in Texas from both a demographic and student achievement standpoint. The information in this report should also inform and strengthen border initiatives, such as those emphasized at the 2006 U.S.-Mexico Border Governors Conference. The study sought to answer three…
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-25
... in any region in which they operate (U.S. or import); add flexibility for the Board to nominate... they operate (U.S. or import); add flexibility for the Board to nominate eligible persons to fill... and Border Protection. 2010 and 2011 U.S. data is from Forest Economic Advisors. It is noted that for...
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Momin, M A; Matsumoto, K; Ejima, K; Asaumi, R; Kawai, T; Arai, Y; Honda, K; Yosue, T
2013-05-01
To determine the width and morphology of the mandible in the impacted third molar region, and to identify the location of the mandibular canal prior to planning impacted third molar operations. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data of 87 mandibular third molars from 62 Japanese patients were analyzed in this study. The width of the lingual cortical bone and apex-canal distance were measured from cross-sectional images in which the cortical bone was thinnest at the lingual side in the third molar region. Images were used for measuring the space (distance between the inner border of the lingual cortical bone and outer surface of the third molar root), apex-canal distance (distance from the root of the third molar tooth to the superior border of the inferior alveolar canal) and the cortical bone (width between the inner and outer borders of the lingual cortical bone). The means of the space, apex-canal distance and lingual cortical width were 0.31, 1.99, and 0.68 mm, respectively. Impacted third molar teeth (types A-C) were observed at the following frequencies: type A (angular) 37 %; type B (horizontal), 42 %; type C (vertical), 21 %. The morphology of the mandible at the third molar region (types D-F) was observed as: type D (round), 49 %; type E (lingual extended), 18 %; and type F (lingual concave), 32 %. The width and morphology of the mandible with impacted teeth and the location of the mandibular canal at the third molar region could be clearly determined using cross-sectional CBCT images.
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Evaluation of Breast Sentinel Lymph Node Coverage by Standard Radiation Therapy Fields
DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Rabinovitch, Rachel; Ballonoff, Ari; Newman, Francis M.S.
2008-04-01
Background: Biopsy of the breast sentinel lymph node (SLN) is now a standard staging procedure for early-stage invasive breast cancer. The anatomic location of the breast SLN and its relationship to standard radiation fields has not been described. Methods and Materials: A retrospective review of radiotherapy treatment planning data sets was performed in patients with breast cancer who had undergone SLN biopsy, and those with a surgical clip at the SLN biopsy site were identified. The location of the clip was evaluated relative to vertebral body level on an anterior-posterior digitally reconstructed radiograph, treated whole-breast tangential radiation fields, and standardmore » axillary fields in 106 data sets meeting these criteria. Results: The breast SLN varied in vertebral body level position, ranging from T2 to T7 but most commonly opposite T4. The SLN clip was located below the base of the clavicle in 90%, and hence would be excluded from standard axillary radiotherapy fields where the inferior border is placed at this level. The clip was within the irradiated whole-breast tangent fields in 78%, beneath the superior-posterior corner multileaf collimators in 12%, and outside the tangent field borders in 10%. Conclusions: Standard axillary fields do not encompass the lymph nodes at highest risk of containing tumor in breast cancer patients. Elimination of the superior-posterior corner MLCs from the tangent field design would result in inclusion of the breast SLN in 90% of patients treated with standard whole-breast irradiation.« less
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-06-30
... Subcommittee. 6. Automation Subcommittee. 7. Global Supply Chain Security Subcommittee. 8. Bond Subcommittee... Individuals With Disabilities For information on facilities or services for individuals with disabilities or...
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EPIC : expedited processing at international crossings : evaluation final report
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1998-09-01
This executive summary presents an overview of the Expedited Processing at International Crossings (EPIC) Field Operational Test (FOT). The EPIC focus was on the commercial vehicle transport component of international border crossings at the Nogales,...
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Project 0-1800 : NAFTA impacts on operations : executive summary
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2001-07-01
Project 0-1800 pioneered the use of modern micro-simulation models to analyze the complex procedures involved in international border crossing in Texas. Animated models simulate the entire southbound commercial traffic flow in two important internati...
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78 FR 54755 - Extension of Port Limits of Indianapolis, IN
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2013-09-06
... INFORMATION CONTACT: Roger Kaplan, Office of Field Operations, U.S. Customs and Border Protection, by phone at (202) 325- 4543, or by email at Roger.Kaplan@dhs.gov . SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION: I. Background In a...
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77 FR 68802 - Advisory Committee on Commercial Operations of Customs and Border Protection (COAC)
Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-11-16
...: Recommendations and resolutions on CBP's Trade Transformation initiatives, recommendations on the role of the... initiative in the area of continuing education should be pursued, requirements for brokers to obtain bona...
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kim, Sehjeong; Chang, Dong Eui
2017-06-01
There have been many studies of the border screening using a simple math model or a statistical analysis to investigate the ineffectiveness of border screening during 2003 and 2009 pandemics. However, the use of border screening is still a controversial issue. It is due to focusing only on the functionality of border screening without considering the timing to use. In this paper, we attempt to qualitatively answer whether the use of border screening is a desirable action during a disease pandemic. Thus, a novel mathematical model with a transition probability of status change during flight and border screening is developed. A condition to check a timing of the border screening is established in terms of a lower bound of the basic reproduction number. If the lower bound is greater than one, which indicates a pandemic, then the border screening may not be effective and the disease persists. In this case, a community level control strategy should be conducted.
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LANDSAT: Non-US standard catalog no. N-33
NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)
1975-01-01
A catalog used for dissemination of information regarding the availability of LANDSAT imagery is presented. The Image Processing Facility of the Goddard Space Flight Center, publishes a U.S. and a Non-U.S. Standard Catalog on a monthly schedule, and the catalogs identify imagery which has been processed and input to the data files during the referenced month. The U.S. Standard Catalog includes imagery covering the continental United States, Alaska and Hawaii; the Non-U.S. Catalog identifies all the remaining coverage. Imagery adjacent to the continental U.S. and Alaska borders is included in the U.S. Standard Catalog.
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DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)
Jimenez, Richard, D., Dr.
2007-10-01
The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) maintains a strong commitment to transfer the results of its science and technology programs to the private sector. The intent is to apply innovative and sometimes advanced technologies to address needs while simultaneously stimulating new commercial business opportunities. Such focused “technology transfer” was evident in the late 1990s as the results of DOE investments in environmental management technology development led to new tools for characterizing and remediating contaminated sites as well as handling and minimizing the generation of hazardous wastes. The Department’s Office of Environmental Management was attempting to reduce the cost, accelerate themore » schedule, and improve the efficacy of clean-up efforts in the nuclear weapons complex. It recognized that resulting technologies had broader world market applications and that their commercialization would further reduce costs and facilitate deployment of improved technology at DOE sites. DOE’s Albuquerque Operations Office (now part of the National Nuclear Security Administration) began in 1995 to build the foundation for a technology exchange program with Mexico. Initial sponsorship for this work was provided by the Department’s Office of Environmental Management. As part of this effort, Applied Sciences Laboratory, Inc. (ASL) was contracted by the DOE Albuquerque office to identify Mexico’s priority environmental management needs, identify and evaluate DOE-sponsored technologies as potential solutions for those needs, and coordinate these opportunities with decision makers from Mexico’s federal government. That work led to an improved understanding of many key environmental challenges that Mexico faces and the many opportunities to apply DOE’s technologies to help resolve them. The above results constituted, in large part, the foundation for an initial DOE-funded program to apply the Department’s technology base to help address some of Mexico’s challenging environmental issues. The results also brought focus to the potential contributions that DOE’s science and technology could make for solving the many difficult, multi-generational problems faced by hundreds of bi-national communities along the 2,000-mile shared border of the United States and Mexico. Efforts to address these U.S.-Mexico border issues were initially sponsored by the DOE’s Albuquerque and Carlsbad offices. In subsequent years, the U.S. Congress directed appropriations to DOE’s Carlsbad office to address public health, safety and security issues prevalent within U.S.-Mexico border communities. With ASL’s assistance, DOE’s Albuquerque office developed contacts and formed partnerships with interested U.S and Mexican government, academic, and commercial organizations. Border industries, industrial effluents, and public health conditions were evaluated and documented. Relevant technologies were then matched to environmental problem sets along the border. Several technologies that were identified and subsequently supported by this effort are now operational in a number of U.S.-Mexico border communities, several communities within Mexico’s interior states, and in other parts of Latin America. As a result, some serious public health threats within these communities caused by exposure to toxic airborne pollutants have been reduced. During this time, DOE’s Carlsbad office hosted a bilateral conference to establish a cross-border consensus on what should be done on the basis of these earlier investigative efforts. Participating border region stakeholders set an agenda for technical collaborations. This agenda was supported by several Members of Congress who provided appropriations and directed DOE’s Carlsbad office to initiate technology demonstration projects. During the following two years, more than 12 private-sector and DOE-sponsored technologies were demonstrated in partnership with numerous border community stakeholders. All technologies were well received and their effectiveness at addressing health, safety and security issues was successfully demonstrated. Several of these technologies, including those noted above and demonstrated under this effort, are now operational. Furthermore, a number of public and national security issues unique to the U.S.-Mexico border were brought to the attention of the federal government and are now being addressed, largely through the efforts of the U.S. Department of Homeland Security. Program results demonstrated the value and effectiveness of the program’s process for technology exchanges. Opportunities now exist to transition the program from its successful initial stage to one where it can more effectively address a broader spectrum of multi-disciplinary problems that impact millions of U.S. and Mexican citizens. Substantial benefits would accrue to both sides of the U.S.-Mexico border were the two countries to continue this collaboration.« less
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Validation of a temperature prediction model for heat deaths in undocumented border crossers.
Ruttan, Tim; Stolz, Uwe; Jackson-Vance, Sara; Parks, Bruce; Keim, Samuel M
2013-04-01
Heat exposure is a leading cause of death in undocumented border crossers along the Arizona-Mexico border. We performed a validation study of a weather prediction model that predicts the probability of heat related deaths among undocumented border crossers. We analyzed a medical examiner registry cohort of undocumented border crosser heat- related deaths from January 1, 2002 to August 31, 2009 and used logistic regression to model the probability of one or more heat deaths on a given day using daily high temperature (DHT) as the predictor. At a critical threshold DHT of 40 °C, the probability of at least one heat death was 50 %. The probability of a heat death along the Arizona-Mexico border for suspected undocumented border crossers is strongly associated with ambient temperature. These results can be used in prevention and response efforts to assess the daily risk of deaths among undocumented border crossers in the region.
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Prior to initiation of the Arizona Border Survey, a quality systems implementation plan (QSIP) addressing all aspects of the project was developed by the investigating consortium composed of researchers from The University of Arizona (UA), Battelle Memorial Institute (BMI), and t...
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Cheng, Qiang; Wang, Jian; Zhang, Shaoan
2013-01-01
Guided by cultural border crossing and teacher identity development theories, this case study explores the bumpy process of a junior Chinese faculty member's border crossing into the U.S. teaching culture and analyzes the challenges, coping strategies, and consequences of his border crossing on teaching and teacher identity development. The…
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Giovanella, Ligia; Guimarães, Luisa; Nogueira, Vera Maria Ribeiro; Lobato, Lenaura de Vasconcelos Costa; Damacena, Giseli Nogueira
2007-01-01
In the context of forming common markets, border areas require special attention, since they anticipate the effects of integration processes. Along borders, different political, monetary, security, and social systems coexist; the intensification of flows resulting from integration raises challenges for the health systems, requiring specific policies focused on guaranteeing the right to health. This article presents the results of a study on the conditions for access to (and demands for) health services in the MERCOSUR border cities. A survey was performed with municipal health secretaries in the 69 Brazilian cities in the States of Rio Grande do Sul, Santa Catarina, Paraná, and Mato Grosso do Sul that border on the other MERCOSUR countries. The study attempted to identify the services demanded by the border population, mechanisms used for access, flows between services and systems, response strategies, and local agreements. Initiatives for cooperation between Brazilian and foreign local administrators were identified in nearly half of the municipalities and can orient the formulation of guidelines for border situations, allowing improvement in comprehensive access to health care.
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Gibbs, Ann E.; Karen A. Ohman,; Richmond, Bruce M.
2015-01-01
There is no widely accepted standard for analyzing shoreline change. Existing shoreline data measurements and rate calculation methods vary from study to study and prevent combining results into state-wide or regional assessments. The impetus behind the National Assessment project was to develop a standardized method of measuring changes in shoreline position that is consistent from coast to coast. The goal was to facilitate the process of periodically and systematically updating the results in an internally consistent manner. A detailed report on shoreline change for the north coast of Alaska that contains a discussion of the data presented here is available and cited in section, "Geospatial Data."
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Qanungo, Anchal; Aras, Meena Ajay; Chitre, Vidya; Coutinho, Ivy; Rajagopal, Praveen; Mysore, Ashwin
2016-01-01
Purpose: The aim of this in vivo study was to compare the single-step border molding technique using injectable heavy viscosity addition silicone with sectional border molding technique using low fusing impression compound by evaluating the retention of heat cure trial denture bases. Materials and Methods: Ten completely edentulous patients in need of prostheses were included in this study. Two border molding techniques, single-step (Group 1) and sectional (Group 2), were compared for retention. Both border molding techniques were performed in each patient. In both techniques, definitive wash impression was made with light viscosity addition silicone. The final results were analyzed using paired t-test to determine whether significant differences existed between the groups. Results: The t-value (3.031) infers that there was a significant difference between Group 1 and Group 2 (P = 0.014). The retention obtained in Group 2 (mean = 9.05 kgf) was significantly higher than that of Group 1 (mean = 8.26 kgf). Conclusion: Sectional border molding technique proved to be more retentive as compared to single-step border molding although clinically the retention appeared comparable. PMID:27746597
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2002-09-23
The United States and Canada are each others largest trading partner. Trade and traffic between the countries, especially by land transportation, has been increasing at a rapid rate over the past 25 years. This study, produced by the Eastern Border T...
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Managing the Quality of Cross-Border Higher Education in Zimbabwe
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Garwe, Evelyn Chiyevo
2015-01-01
A study on investigating the issues of quality associated with cross-border higher education was carried out using the case study approach focusing on Zimbabwe. The methodology involved document analysis of the cases of regulation and accreditation of cross-border higher education providers and assessment of qualifications acquired from foreign…
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Hayden, Mary H; Uejio, Christopher K; Walker, Kathleen; Ramberg, Frank; Moreno, Rafael; Rosales, Cecilia; Gameros, Mercedes; Mearns, Linda O; Zielinski-Gutierrez, Emily; Janes, Craig R
2010-08-01
This study examined the association of human and environmental factors with the presence of Aedes aegypti, the vector for dengue fever and yellow fever viruses, in a desert region in the southwest United States and northwest Mexico. Sixty-eight sites were longitudinally surveyed along the United States-Mexico border in Tucson, AZ, Nogales, AZ, and Nogales, Sonora during a 3-year period. Aedes aegypti presence or absence at each site was measured three times per year using standard oviposition traps. Maximum and minimum temperature and relative humidity were measured hourly at each site. Field inventories were conducted to measure human housing factors potentially affecting mosquito presence, such as the use of air-conditioning and evaporative coolers, outdoor vegetation cover, and access to piped water. The results showed that Ae. aegypti presence was highly variable across space and time. Aedes aegypti presence was positively associated with highly vegetated areas. Other significant variables included microclimatic differences and access to piped water. This study demonstrates the importance of microclimate and human factors in predicting Ae. aegypti distribution in an arid environment.
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Crozier, G K D; Martin, Dominique
2012-04-01
One of the areas of concern raised by cross-border reproductive travel regards the treatment of women who are solicited to provide their ova or surrogacy services to foreign consumers. This is particularly troublesome in the context of developing countries where endemic poverty and low standards for both medical care and informed consent may place these women at risk of exploitation and harm. We explore two contrasting proposals for policy development regarding the industry, both of which seek to promote ethical outcomes and social justice: While one proposal advocates efforts to minimize cross-border demand for female reproductive resources through the pursuit of national self-sufficiency, the other defends cross-border trade as a means for meeting the needs of vulnerable groups. Despite the conflicting objectives of the proposed strategies, the paper identifies common values and points of agreement between the two, including the importance of regulations to safeguard those providing ova or surrogacy services. © 2012 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
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Daniel, Christel; Ouagne, David; Sadou, Eric; Forsberg, Kerstin; Gilchrist, Mark Mc; Zapletal, Eric; Paris, Nicolas; Hussain, Sajjad; Jaulent, Marie-Christine; MD, Dipka Kalra
2016-01-01
With the development of platforms enabling the use of routinely collected clinical data in the context of international clinical research, scalable solutions for cross border semantic interoperability need to be developed. Within the context of the IMI EHR4CR project, we first defined the requirements and evaluation criteria of the EHR4CR semantic interoperability platform and then developed the semantic resources and supportive services and tooling to assist hospital sites in standardizing their data for allowing the execution of the project use cases. The experience gained from the evaluation of the EHR4CR platform accessing to semantically equivalent data elements across 11 European participating EHR systems from 5 countries demonstrated how far the mediation model and mapping efforts met the expected requirements of the project. Developers of semantic interoperability platforms are beginning to address a core set of requirements in order to reach the goal of developing cross border semantic integration of data. PMID:27570649
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Kume, Teruyoshi; Kim, Byeong-Keuk; Waseda, Katsuhisa; Sathyanarayana, Shashidhar; Li, Wenguang; Teo, Tat-Jin; Yock, Paul G; Fitzgerald, Peter J; Honda, Yasuhiro
2013-02-01
The aim of this study was to evaluate a new fully automated lumen border tracing system based on a novel multifrequency processing algorithm. We developed the multifrequency processing method to enhance arterial lumen detection by exploiting the differential scattering characteristics of blood and arterial tissue. The implementation of the method can be integrated into current intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) hardware. This study was performed in vivo with conventional 40-MHz IVUS catheters (Atlantis SR Pro™, Boston Scientific Corp, Natick, MA) in 43 clinical patients with coronary artery disease. A total of 522 frames were randomly selected, and lumen areas were measured after automatically tracing lumen borders with the new tracing system and a commercially available tracing system (TraceAssist™) referred to as the "conventional tracing system." The data assessed by the two automated systems were compared with the results of manual tracings by experienced IVUS analysts. New automated lumen measurements showed better agreement with manual lumen area tracings compared with those of the conventional tracing system (correlation coefficient: 0.819 vs. 0.509). When compared against manual tracings, the new algorithm also demonstrated improved systematic error (mean difference: 0.13 vs. -1.02 mm(2) ) and random variability (standard deviation of difference: 2.21 vs. 4.02 mm(2) ) compared with the conventional tracing system. This preliminary study showed that the novel fully automated tracing system based on the multifrequency processing algorithm can provide more accurate lumen border detection than current automated tracing systems and thus, offer a more reliable quantitative evaluation of lumen geometry. Copyright © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Alexandre Castanho, Rui; Ramírez, Beatriz; Loures, Luis; Fernández-Pozo, Luis; Cabezas, José
2017-04-01
Border interactions have reached unprecedented levels in recent decades, not only due to their potential for territorial integration but also considering their role in supranational processes, such as landscape reclamation, infrastructure development and land use planning on European territory. In this scenario, successful examples related to the redevelopment of degraded areas have been showing positive impacts at several levels, such as the social, economic, environmental and aesthetic ones which have ultimately related this process, positively, to sustainability issues. However, concerning to border areas, and due to their inherent legislative and bureaucratic conflicts, the intervention in these areas is more complex. Still, and taking into account previously developed projects and strategies of cross-border cooperation (CBC) in European territory it is possible to identified that the definition of common master plans and common objectives are critical issues to achieve the desired territorial success. Additionally, recent studies have put forward some noteworthy ideas highlighting that it is possible to establish a positive correlation between CBC processes and an increasing redevelopment of degraded border areas, with special focus on the reclamation of derelict landscapes fostering soil reuse and redevelopment. The present research, throughout case study analysis at the Mediterranean level - considering case studies from Portugal, Spain, Monaco and Italy - which presents specific data on border landscape redevelopment, enables us to conclude that CBC processes have a positive influence on the potential redevelopment of degraded border areas, considering not only urban but also rural land. Furthermore, this paper presents data obtained through a public participation process which highlights that these areas present a greater potential for landscape reclamation, fostering resource sustainability and sustainable growth. Keywords: Spatial planning; Land degradation; Redevelopment; Cross-border cooperation (CBC); Land use.
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Mission Accomplished! Or Not? A Study about Success in Information Operations
2012-09-01
sensors and presented on a man-machine interface, e.g., a computer screen or on a radar plan position indicator. In modern warfare, staff and...has to be achievable; otherwise, it can be viewed simply as dreaming. Compared to sea, land and even air warfare, information warfare is a young...shares some of its characteristics with the air and sea domains. All of them exist without borders. In addition, they cannot be fortified or
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47 CFR 90.715 - Frequencies available.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR
2013-10-01
... 130 .6475 131 .6525 132 .6575 133 .6625 134 .6675 135 .6725 136 .6775 137 .6825 138 .6875 139 .6925... density not exceed−86 dB(W/m2) at or beyond any point on the border. Stations operating under this...
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47 CFR 90.715 - Frequencies available.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR
2014-10-01
... 130 .6475 131 .6525 132 .6575 133 .6625 134 .6675 135 .6725 136 .6775 137 .6825 138 .6875 139 .6925... density not exceed−86 dB(W/m2) at or beyond any point on the border. Stations operating under this...
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47 CFR 90.715 - Frequencies available.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR
2012-10-01
... 130 .6475 131 .6525 132 .6575 133 .6625 134 .6675 135 .6725 136 .6775 137 .6825 138 .6875 139 .6925... density not exceed−86 dB(W/m2) at or beyond any point on the border. Stations operating under this...
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47 CFR 90.715 - Frequencies available.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-10-01
... 130 .6475 131 .6525 132 .6575 133 .6625 134 .6675 135 .6725 136 .6775 137 .6825 138 .6875 139 .6925... density not exceed−86 dB(W/m2) at or beyond any point on the border. Stations operating under this...
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47 CFR 90.715 - Frequencies available.
Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR
2011-10-01
... 130 .6475 131 .6525 132 .6575 133 .6625 134 .6675 135 .6725 136 .6775 137 .6825 138 .6875 139 .6925... density not exceed−86 dB(W/m2) at or beyond any point on the border. Stations operating under this...
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Understanding Pacific Highway commercial vehicle operations to support emissions reduction programs
DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
2011-02-01
In an effort to recommend regionally comprehensive border management solutions that will simultaneously reduce cost to carriers, and air emissions, UW researchers will work with the International Mobility and Trade Corridor Project (IMTC), a cross-bo...
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Crossing Borders: The Role of Discourse Diversity in Multicultural Education
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Ayers, Rick
2014-01-01
In today's complex, multicultural world, discourses and language vernaculars are more diverse than ever. Educational institutions often privilege the historically dominant vernacular (such as white middle-class English which is sometimes called "Standard English"). This language bias disadvantages students form working class and…
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Capital Punishment: An International Perspective.
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Kaufman, Edy
1983-01-01
The debate over the death penalty in the United States has implications beyond our borders. Because of the lack of universal standards governing its use, only those countries which have abolished capital punishment may, with any moral authority, denounce its exploitation as an instrument of political expediency. (IS)
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Smart sensing surveillance system
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Hsu, Charles; Chu, Kai-Dee; O'Looney, James; Blake, Michael; Rutar, Colleen
2010-04-01
Unattended ground sensor (UGS) networks have been widely used in remote battlefield and other tactical applications over the last few decades due to the advances of the digital signal processing. The UGS network can be applied in a variety of areas including border surveillance, special force operations, perimeter and building protection, target acquisition, situational awareness, and force protection. In this paper, a highly-distributed, fault-tolerant, and energyefficient Smart Sensing Surveillance System (S4) is presented to efficiently provide 24/7 and all weather security operation in a situation management environment. The S4 is composed of a number of distributed nodes to collect, process, and disseminate heterogeneous sensor data. Nearly all S4 nodes have passive sensors to provide rapid omnidirectional detection. In addition, Pan- Tilt- Zoom- (PTZ) Electro-Optics EO/IR cameras are integrated to selected nodes to track the objects and capture associated imagery. These S4 camera-connected nodes will provide applicable advanced on-board digital image processing capabilities to detect and track the specific objects. The imaging detection operations include unattended object detection, human feature and behavior detection, and configurable alert triggers, etc. In the S4, all the nodes are connected with a robust, reconfigurable, LPI/LPD (Low Probability of Intercept/ Low Probability of Detect) wireless mesh network using Ultra-wide band (UWB) RF technology, which can provide an ad-hoc, secure mesh network and capability to relay network information, communicate and pass situational awareness and messages. The S4 utilizes a Service Oriented Architecture such that remote applications can interact with the S4 network and use the specific presentation methods. The S4 capabilities and technologies have great potential for both military and civilian applications, enabling highly effective security support tools for improving surveillance activities in densely crowded environments and near perimeters and borders. The S4 is compliant with Open Geospatial Consortium - Sensor Web Enablement (OGC-SWE®) standards. It would be directly applicable to solutions for emergency response personnel, law enforcement, and other homeland security missions, as well as in applications requiring the interoperation of sensor networks with handheld or body-worn interface devices.
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Mojarro, Octavio; Sutton, Paul D.; Ventura, Stephanie J.
2013-01-01
Introduction The US–Mexico border region has 15 million residents and 300,000 births annually. Reproductive health concerns have been identified on both sides of the border, but comparable information about reproductive health is not available. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive health indicators among populations in this region. Methods We used 2009 US Hispanic and Mexican birth certificate data to compare births inside the border region, elsewhere within the border states, and in the United States and Mexico overall. We examined trends in total fertility and birth rates using birth data from 2000 through 2009 and intercensal population estimates. Results Among women in the border region, US women had more lifetime births than Mexican women in 2009 (2.69 births vs 2.15 births) and throughout the decade. Birth rates in the group aged 15 to 19 years were high in both the US (73.8/1,000) and Mexican (86.7/1,000) border regions. Late or no prenatal care was nearly twice as prevalent in the border regions as in the nonborder regions of border states. Low birth weight and preterm and early-term birth were more prevalent in the US border than in the Mexican border region; US border rates were higher and Mexican rates were lower than their corresponding nonborder and national rates. We found some variations within border states. Conclusion These findings constitute the first population-based information on the reproductive health of the entire Hispanic US–Mexico border population. Evidence of disparities warrants exploration at state and local levels. Teen pregnancy and inadequate prenatal care are shared problems in US–Mexico border communities and suggest an area for binational cooperation. PMID:23948338
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McDonald, Jill A; Mojarro, Octavio; Sutton, Paul D; Ventura, Stephanie J
2013-08-15
The US-Mexico border region has 15 million residents and 300,000 births annually. Reproductive health concerns have been identified on both sides of the border, but comparable information about reproductive health is not available. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive health indicators among populations in this region. We used 2009 US Hispanic and Mexican birth certificate data to compare births inside the border region, elsewhere within the border states, and in the United States and Mexico overall. We examined trends in total fertility and birth rates using birth data from 2000 through 2009 and intercensal population estimates. Among women in the border region, US women had more lifetime births than Mexican women in 2009 (2.69 births vs 2.15 births) and throughout the decade. Birth rates in the group aged 15 to 19 years were high in both the US (73.8/1,000) and Mexican (86.7/1,000) border regions. Late or no prenatal care was nearly twice as prevalent in the border regions as in the nonborder regions of border states. Low birth weight and preterm and early-term birth were more prevalent in the US border than in the Mexican border region; US border rates were higher and Mexican rates were lower than their corresponding nonborder and national rates. We found some variations within border states. These findings constitute the first population-based information on the reproductive health of the entire Hispanic US-Mexico border population. Evidence of disparities warrants exploration at state and local levels. Teen pregnancy and inadequate prenatal care are shared problems in US-Mexico border communities and suggest an area for binational cooperation.
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Keller, Allen; Joscelyne, Amy; Granski, Megan; Rosenfeld, Barry
2017-01-01
In recent years, increasing numbers of families and individuals have arrived at the U.S. border from Central America, in particular, from Honduras, El Salvador, and Guatemala. This study sought to examine pre-migration trauma exposure and current mental health functioning of migrant families arriving at the U.S. border from the Northern Triangle region, with specific attention to the reasons offered for leaving their home country and the frequency with which migrant families appear to satisfy legal criteria for asylum We interviewed 234 adults in McAllen, Texas, using a structured interview and standardized questionnaires to assess exposure to trauma prior to migration, reasons for leaving their home country and symptoms of posttraumatic stress and depression. We found that 191 participants (83%) cited violence as a reason for fleeing their country, 119 individuals (69%) did not report the events to the police out of fear of gang-related retaliation or police corruption, and 90% (n = 204) reported being afraid to return to their native country. Based on self-report symptom checklists, 32% of the sample met diagnostic criteria for PTSD (n = 51), 24% for depression (n = 36), and 17% for both disorders (n = 25). Examining these data against the criteria for asylum in the U.S., we found that 70% of the overall sample (n = 159) met criteria for asylum, including 80% of those from El Salvador, 74% from Honduras, and 41% from Guatemala. These findings suggest that the majority of Central American migrants arriving at the U.S. border have significant mental health symptoms in response to violence and persecution, and warrant careful consideration for asylum status.
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ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Garza, Cecilia; Landeck, Michael
2007-01-01
This study examines the role of school social workers as potential agents of change in the educational system, with a special focus on their major demographic characteristics in Texas and along the Mexico border region. The border region of the state has chronic poverty and limited educational attainment levels and demonstrates a need for…
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Radiation Detection at Borders for Homeland Security
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Kouzes, Richard
2004-05-01
Countries around the world are deploying radiation detection instrumentation to interdict the illegal shipment of radioactive material crossing international borders at land, rail, air, and sea ports of entry. These efforts include deployments in the US and a number of European and Asian countries by governments and international agencies. Items of concern include radiation dispersal devices (RDD), nuclear warheads, and special nuclear material (SNM). Radiation portal monitors (RPMs) are used as the main screening tool for vehicles and cargo at borders, supplemented by handheld detectors, personal radiation detectors, and x-ray imaging systems. Some cargo contains naturally occurring radioactive material (NORM) that triggers "nuisance" alarms in RPMs at these border crossings. Individuals treated with medical radiopharmaceuticals also produce nuisance alarms and can produce cross-talk between adjacent lanes of a multi-lane deployment. The operational impact of nuisance alarms can be significant at border crossings. Methods have been developed for reducing this impact without negatively affecting the requirements for interdiction of radioactive materials of interest. Plastic scintillator material is commonly used in RPMs for the detection of gamma rays from radioactive material, primarily due to the efficiency per unit cost compared to other detection materials. The resolution and lack of full-energy peaks in the plastic scintillator material prohibits detailed spectroscopy. However, the limited spectroscopic information from plastic scintillator can be exploited to provide some discrimination. Energy-based algorithms used in RPMs can effectively exploit the crude energy information available from a plastic scintillator to distinguish some NORM. Whenever NORM cargo limits the level of the alarm threshold, energy-based algorithms produce significantly better detection probabilities for small SNM sources than gross-count algorithms. This presentation discusses experience with RPMs for interdiction of radioactive materials at borders.
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NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Galaviz, Vanessa Eileen
Background: Walk-in-line pedestrians crossing the U.S.-Mexico border northbound at the San Ysidro, CA Port of Entry ("Border Commuters") may be at an increased risk of experiencing elevated traffic-related air pollution, including diesel exhaust (DE). DE exposure has been associated with numerous adverse health effects, particularly cardiovascular and respiratory problems, including as lung cancer. Pedestrian crossers wait in line for extended periods and stand within 10 feet of highly concentrated traffic, particularly to diesel buses. Understanding the magnitude of traffic-related exposures is important for this vulnerable population. It was hypothesized that subjects who reside in Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico and cross the border as a pedestrian will experience higher exposure to traffic-related pollutants than those who live and work in South San Diego, CA, USA and do not cross the border. Methods: Ninety-one participants were enrolled for this study; 80% were "Border Commuters" and 20% were "Non-Border Commuters". "Non-Border Commuters" served as the comparison group and were defined as residents who lived in or near and worked or went to school in San Ysidro, CA but did not cross the border. Questionnaires, time activity diaries, and urine samples were collected from all participants. Of the "Border Commuters", 56 personal 24-hour PM2.5 and 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) - a marker for diesel exhaust - samples were collected. There were 22 at-home indoor and 14 at-home outdoor 1-NP samples collected. Additionally, area samples collected at the border included 35 days of 1-NP, black carbon (BC), carbon monoxide (CO), fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ultrafine particulate matter (UFP). Of the "Non-Border Commuters", 15 personal 24-hour PM2.5 and 1-NP samples were collected. Additonally, 3 at-home indoor and outdoor 24-hour 1-NP samples were collected. Results: Personal exposure to PM2.5 was nearly 2-fold higher among "Border Commuters" compared to "Non-Border Commuters" (39 +/- 30 μg/m3 vs 21 +/- 11 μg/m3), while personal exposure to 1-NP was more than 8-fold higher among the "Border Commuters"(1.7 +/- 2.6 vs 0.22 +/- 0.21 pg/m3, p<0.01, Mann-Whitney). Two metabolites of 1-NP were readily detected in urine samples, the most abundant of which was 8-hydroxy-1-nitropyrene (8-OHNP). "Border Commuters" had greater than a 2-fold higher concentration of 8-OHNP (0.071 +/- 0.066 vs 0.032 +/- 0.021 pg/mL, p=0.05, Mann-Whitney) and a 3-fold higher concentration of 8-OHNAAP (0.063 +/- 0.11 vs 0.021 +/- 0.013 pg/mL, p=0.11, Mann-Whitney) as compared to "Non-Border Commuters". Home indoor concentrations of 1-NP were 30-60% of home outdoor concentrations with "Border Commuters" having higher concentrations both indoors (0.64 +/- 0.81 vs 0.078 +/- 0.075 pg/m3, p=0.04, Mann-Whitney) and outdoors (1.0 +/- 0.93 vs 0.27 +/- 0.24 pg/m3, p=0.11, Mann-Whitney) compared to "Non-Border Commuters". Border concentrations of 1-NP weighted by the time spent at the border, total travel given season, and season were all predictors of personal exposure to 1-NP among "Border Commuters". However, when placed in a multivariate linear regression model total travel given season was the only predictor variable to remain significant. Season was the only predictor for personal exposure to PM2.5 among "Border Commuters". Total travel was also a significant predictor for 8-OHNP among "Border Commuters." Median values (IQR) of daily averages for fixed-site measurements made at the border were as follows: 40,000 (24,000-52,000) UFP/cm3, 5 (3-6) ppm CO, 1.3 (0.5-2.6) pg/m3 1-NP, 4 (3-11) μg/m3 BC, 41 (23-57) μg/m3 real-time PM2.5, and 15 (13-22) μg/m3 gravimetric PM2.5. Wind speed was a predictor of gravimetric PM2.5 at the border explaining 22% of the variance. Relative humidity and vehicle delay were both predictors of UFP measured at the border, explaining 13% and 21% of the variance, respectively. However, when modeled together none remain significant. There were no predictors for 1-NP measurements at the border. Conclusions: This is the first quantitative study characterizing traffic-related exposure to a vulnerable population, indicating that this vulnerable population is indeed at high risk for exposure. "Border Commuters" experience higher exposure to 1-NP and PM2.5 as compared to "Non-Border Commuters", as determined by both personal and at-home measurements. In addition, traffic-related air pollution exposure among "Border Commuters" within 10 feet of highly concentrated traffic is of great public health concern as concentrations at the border are similar to near-roadway studies that link exposure to adverse health effects. Interventions to reduce border wait times would significantly reduce traffic pollutant exposures in this vulnerable population. However, further work needs to be done to understand the spatial heterogeneity of at-home exposures between the two study groups.
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Energetics and formation mechanism of borders between hexagonal boron nitride and graphene
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Sawahata, Hisaki; Yamanaka, Ayaka; Maruyama, Mina; Okada, Susumu
2018-06-01
We studied the energetics of two-dimensional heterostructures consisting of hexagonal boron nitride (h-BN) and graphene with respect to the border structure and heterobond species using density functional theory. A BC heterobond is energetically preferable at the border between h-BN and graphene. We also found that the polarization at the zigzag border increases the total energy of the heterostructures. Competition between the bond formation energy and the polarization energy leads to chiral borders at which BC heterobonds are dominant. By taking the formation process of the heterostructures into account, the zigzag border with BC heterobonds is found to be preferentially synthesized from graphene edges under hydrogen-rich conditions.
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Marques, Marli; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio; Marques, Ana Maria Campos; Andrade, Sonia Maria Oliveira de; Silva, Baldomero Antonio Kato da; Pontes, Elenir Rose Jardim Cury
2014-12-01
This study analyzed the epidemiological profile of pulmonary tuberculosis from 2007 to 2010 in municipalities (counties) in Mato Grosso do Sul State, Brazil, that border on Paraguay and Bolivia. In the border region, the incidence rate (49.1/100,000 inhabitants), mortality rate (4.0/100,000 inhabitants), and treatment dropout rate (11.3%) were 1.6, 1.8, and 1.5 times higher than in the non-border region. Among indigenous individuals in the border region, the rates for incidence (253.4/100,000 inhabitants), mortality (11.6/100,000 inhabitants), and HIV/TB co-infection (1.9/100,000 inhabitants) were 6.4, 3.2, and 1.9 times higher than in non-indigenous individuals in this region. Living in the border regions was inversely associated with HIV/TB co-infection. Indigenous ethnicity was associated statistically with not abandoning TB treatment. The study concludes that the population residing in these municipalities along the border is exposed to high risk of pulmonary TB and TB mortality and treatment dropout, thus requiring special health surveillance interventions.
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A Systems Analysis View of the Vietnam War: 1965-1972. Volume 4. Allied Ground and Naval Operations
1975-02-18
ciated and benefited from the studies analyses )F this .ublicat.on." (State Department/fhite House, 2L Januar-6 "Congratulations on your January 4-zue. lhe... benefits most from border lights. Only the cummander in the field can make the final docision. We hope to cast more light on the subject in the future. At...pacifica- tion and that the question of who benefits most from combat at the frontier urgently requiv.es more study. 27R. Micheial Per., !,ivolution or a Vh
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Bansal, V; Singh, S; Garg, N; Dubey, P
2014-02-01
This clinical and radiographic study investigated the use of transport distraction osteogenesis in unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) ankylosis patients. Six patients aged between 4 and 8 years were selected for the study; the mean preoperative maximal inter-incisal opening (MIO) was 3.5mm without lateral and protrusive mandibular movements. The ankylotic mass along with the posterior border of the ascending ramus was exposed via 'lazy-S' incision. A gap arthroplasty was performed, followed by a 'reverse L' osteotomy on the posterior border of the ramus. In-house manufactured extraoral distraction devices were used for this prospective study. Follow-up clinical and radiographic evaluation was carried out for 13-27 months after completion of the activation period. After a mean follow-up of 19 months, the mean MIO was 29.1mm and the lateral and protrusive movements changed from none to slight. Cone beam computed tomography images of all patients showed remodelled neocondyle created by transport distraction osteogenesis with no statistically significant differences observed for average cancellous bone density, trabecular number, and trabecular spacing between the neocondyle of the operated side (test) and the condyle of the non-operated side (control). Neocondyle formation by transport distraction osteogenesis using the in-house distraction device is a promising treatment option for TMJ reconstruction in ankylosis patients. Copyright © 2013 International Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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Turning Interoperability Operational with GST
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Schaeben, Helmut; Gabriel, Paul; Gietzel, Jan; Le, Hai Ha
2013-04-01
GST - Geosciences in space and time is being developed and implemented as hub to facilitate the exchange of spatially and temporally indexed multi-dimensional geoscience data and corresponding geomodels amongst partners. It originates from TUBAF's contribution to the EU project "ProMine" and its perspective extensions are TUBAF's contribution to the actual EU project "GeoMol". As of today, it provides basic components of a geodata infrastructure as required to establish interoperability with respect to geosciences. Generally, interoperability means the facilitation of cross-border and cross-sector information exchange, taking into account legal, organisational, semantic and technical aspects, cf. Interoperability Solutions for European Public Administrations (ISA), cf. http://ec.europa.eu/isa/. Practical interoperability for partners of a joint geoscience project, say European Geological Surveys acting in a border region, means in particular provision of IT technology to exchange spatially and maybe additionally temporally indexed multi-dimensional geoscience data and corresponding models, i.e. the objects composing geomodels capturing the geometry, topology, and various geoscience contents. Geodata Infrastructure (GDI) and interoperability are objectives of several inititatives, e.g. INSPIRE, OneGeology-Europe, and most recently EGDI-SCOPE to name just the most prominent ones. Then there are quite a few markup languages (ML) related to geographical or geological information like GeoSciML, EarthResourceML, BoreholeML, ResqML for reservoir characterization, earth and reservoir models, and many others featuring geoscience information. Several Web Services are focused on geographical or geoscience information. The Open Geospatial Consortium (OGC) promotes specifications of a Web Feature Service (WFS), a Web Map Service (WMS), a Web Coverage Serverice (WCS), a Web 3D Service (W3DS), and many more. It will be clarified how GST is related to these initiatives, especially how it complies with existing or developing standards or quasi-standards and how it applies and extents services towards interoperability in the Earth sciences.
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Driven to drink: Sin taxes near a border.
Beatty, Timothy K M; Larsen, Erling Røed; Sommervoll, Dag Einar
2009-12-01
This paper investigates household purchasing behavior in response to differing alcohol and tobacco taxes near an international border. Our study suggests that large tax differentials near borders induce economically important tax avoidance behavior, which may limit a government's ability to raise revenue and potentially undermine important health and social policy goals. We match novel supermarket scanner and consumer expenditure data to measure the size and scope of the effect for households and stores. We find that stores near/far from the international border have statistically significantly lower/higher sales of beer and tobacco than comparable stores far/near the border. Moreover, we find that households near the border report higher consumption of these same goods. This is consistent with households facing lower prices. Finally, we find measures of externalities associated with these goods are higher near the border.
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Travel Vaccines Enter the Digital Age: Creating a Virtual Immunization Record
Wilson, Kumanan; Atkinson, Katherine M.; Bell, Cameron P.
2016-01-01
At present, proof of immunization against diseases such as yellow fever is required at some international borders in concordance with the International Health Regulations. The current standard, the International Certificate of Vaccination or Prophylaxis (ICVP), has limitations as a paper record including the possibility of being illegible, misplaced, or damaged. We believe that a complementary, digital record would offer advantages to public health and travelers alike. These include enhanced availability and reliability, potential to include lot specific information, and integration with immunization information systems. Challenges exist in implementation, particularly pertaining to verification at border crossings. We describe a potential course for the development and implementation of a digital ICVP record. PMID:26711516
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Muallem, Mustafa Zelal; Dimitrova, Desislava; Pietzner, Klaus; Richter, Rolf; Feldheiser, Aarne; Scharfe, Irina; Schmeil, Iryna; Hösl, Teresa Maria; Mustea, Alexander; Wimberger, Pauline; Burges, Alexander; Kimmig, Rainer; Sehouli, Jalid
2016-08-01
To gather standardized information of current perioperative management of gynecological oncology patients and to evaluate up to what extent the Enhanced Recovery after Surgery (ERAS) elements are established in the clinical routine of gynecologic oncology units in Germany. We performed a multi-centric nationwide survey among 654 primary, secondary and maximal health care gynecological departments in Germany. A multiple-choice questionnaire based on the principles of ERAS was developed to gather information about perioperative management of two fictional cases in gynecological oncology. One hundred four units (22%) have been taken the survey. Only 49.5% of surveyed hospitals claimed to be adherent to more than 70% of ERAS elements in managing perioperative period of primary cytoreductive surgery in ovarian cancer patients. 21% of these hospitals implemented more than 80% and only 8.4% implemented more than 90%. The results in border-line tumors operations did not differ from those of ovarian cancer operations. The implementation of ERAS elements in gynecologic oncology in Germany is still not satisfying as only half of the departments will now be able to apply 70% of these principles. Therefore, we plan the second step of this survey in order to be able to build a consistent structured reporting platform between gynecological oncology units in Germany to facilitate the wide implementation and standardization of ERAS protocol. Copyright© 2016 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.
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Foreign Internal Defense. Does Air Force Special Operations Have What it Takes?,
1993-12-01
airlanded additional Rangers to secure the area.1" The key capability for the Combat Talon is SOF mobility, but it can contribute in several other ways as...only) or C-5 Galaxy aircraft (fig. 6). Yet, the strategic airlift to bring helicopters into theater requires large capacity runways. In addition, after...in a Honduran operation. I wanted to do a helicopter operation out along the border as an exercise with the US rangers . In order to do that, I had to
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2010-10-18
... Global Supply Chain. 8. Bond Issues. Procedural This meeting is open to the public; however.... Tentative Agenda 1. Management by Account--CBP's Future Trade Vision. 2. Importer Security Filing (``10+2...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-05
... principle place of business at 333 Clay Street, Suite 1600, Houston Texas, 77002. Plains LPG is a subsidiary... with regard to whether issuing a new Presidential Permit reflecting the corporate succession and...
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Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014
2012-12-05
... business at 333 Clay Street, Suite 1600, Houston Texas, 77002. Plains LPG is a subsidiary of Plains All... whether issuing a new Presidential Permit reflecting the corporate succession and authorizing Plains LPG...
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Intraoperative photodynamic treatment for high-grade gliomas
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Dupont, C.; Reyns, N.; Deleporte, P.; Mordon, S.; Vermandel, M.
2017-02-01
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary brain tumor. Its incidence is estimated at 5 to 7 new cases each year for 100 000 inhabitants. Despite reference treatment, including surgery, radiation oncology and chemotherapy, GBM still has a very poor prognosis (median survival of 15 months). Because of a systematic relapse of the tumor, the main challenge is to improve local control. In this context, PhotoDynamic Therapy (PDT) may offer a new treatment modality. GBM recurrence mainly occurs inside the surgical cavity borders. Thus, a new light applicator was designed for delivering light during a PDT procedure on surgical cavity borders after Fluorescence Guided Resection. This device combines an inflatable balloon and a light source. Several experimentations (temperature and impermeability tests, homogeneity of the light distribution and ex-vivo studies) were conducted to characterize the device. An abacus was created to determine illumination time from the balloon volume in order to reach a therapeutic fluence value inside the borders of the surgical cavity. According to our experience, cavity volumes usually observed in the neurosurgery department lead to an acceptable average lighting duration, from 20 to 40 minutes. Thus, extra-time needed for PDT remains suitable with anesthesia constraints. A pilot clinical trial is planned to start in 2017 in our institution. In view of the encouraging results observed in preclinical or clinical, this intraoperative PDT treatment can be easily included in the current standard of care.
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DOT National Transportation Integrated Search
1997-08-08
In response to concerns about whether commercial passenger vehicles entering the United States from Mexico are meeting U.S. safety standards, this report describes (1) the number and types of commercial passenger vehicles entering U.S. border states ...
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Glinos, Irene A; Baeten, Rita
2015-01-01
Despite being a niche phenomenon, cross-border health care collaboration receives a lot of attention in the EU and figures visibly on the policy agenda, in particular since the policy process which eventually led to the adoption of Directive 2011/24/EU. One of the underlying assumptions is that cross-border collaboration is desirable, providing justification to both the European Commission and to border-region stakeholders for promoting it. The purpose of this paper is to question this assumption and to examine the role of actors in pushing (or not) for cross-border collaboration. The analysis takes place in two parts. First, the EU policies to promote cross-border collaboration and the tools employed are examined, namely (a) use of European funds to sponsor concrete border-region collaboration projects, (b) use of European funds to sponsor research which gives visibility to cross-border collaboration, and (c) use of the European Commission's newly acquired legal mandate to encourage "Member States to cooperate in cross-border health care provision in border-regions" (Art. 10) and support "Member States in the development of European reference networks between health care providers and centres of expertise" (Art. 12). Second, evidence gathered in 2011-2013 from seven European border-regions on hospital cross-border collaboration is systematically reviewed to assess the reality of cross-border collaboration - can it work and when, and why do actors engage in cross-border collaboration? The preliminary findings suggest that while the EU plays a prominent role in some border-region initiatives, cross-border collaboration needs such a specific set of circumstances to work that it is questionable whether it can effectively be promoted. Moreover, local actors make use of the EU (as a source of funding, legislation or legitimisation) to serve their needs. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Glinos, Irene A; Baeten, Rita
2014-09-01
Despite being a niche phenomenon, cross-border health care collaboration receives a lot of attention in the EU and figures visibly on the policy agenda, in particular since the policy process which eventually led to the adoption of Directive 2011/24/EU. One of the underlying assumptions is that cross-border collaboration is desirable, providing justification to both the European Commission and to border-region stakeholders for promoting it. The purpose of this paper is to question this assumption and to examine the role of actors in pushing (or not) for cross-border collaboration. The analysis takes place in two parts. First, the EU policies to promote cross-border collaboration and the tools employed are examined, namely (a) use of European funds to sponsor concrete border-region collaboration projects, (b) use of European funds to sponsor research which gives visibility to cross-border collaboration, and (c) use of the European Commission's newly acquired legal mandate to encourage "Member States to cooperate in cross-border health care provision in border-regions" (Art. 10) and support "Member States in the development of European reference networks between health care providers and centres of expertise" (Art. 12). Second, evidence gathered in 2011-2013 from seven European border-regions on hospital cross-border collaboration is systematically reviewed to assess the reality of cross-border collaboration - can it work and when, and why do actors engage in cross-border collaboration? The preliminary findings suggest that while the EU plays a prominent role in some border-region initiatives, cross-border collaboration needs such a specific set of circumstances to work that it is questionable whether it can effectively be promoted. Moreover, local actors make use of the EU (as a source of funding, legislation or legitimisation) to serve their needs. Copyright © 2014. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
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Measuring the Effectiveness of Border Security Between Ports of Entry
2010-01-01
missions. Th is report describes the results of a short study on such measures. It should be of interest to analysts and leaders responsible for...32 6.2 Identifying and Exploiting Opportunities to Estimate Attempted Illegal Crossings . . . . . . . 33 6.3 Translating Studies of...ected discussions with DHS component agencies engaged in border-security eff orts, review of prior studies of border security, and fi eld visits to
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Torres, Jacqueline M; Epel, Elissa S; To, Tu My; Lee, Anne; Aiello, Allison E; Haan, Mary N
2018-05-16
Even after migration, immigrants and their descendants may continue to have ties to family and friends who remain in places of origin. Recent research suggests that these cross-border social ties have implications for health, although this scholarship has been limited to self-reported outcomes. Using data from the Sacramento Area Latino Study on Aging (SALSA), we estimate associations between cross-border social ties and inflammatory biomarkers among Latino adults (n = 1786). We find that immigrants who maintained any cross-border connection to family and friends in Latin America had significantly lower levels of baseline interleukin-6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) compared to their US-born counterparts with no cross-border ties. These results held for values of CRP at five-year follow-up for men only. In contrast, US-born women with cross-border ties to family and friends in Latin America had both significantly higher levels of CRP and significantly lower levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) at five-year follow-up relative to their US-born counterparts with no cross-border ties. We find descriptively that men who have cross-border ties are also less likely to be socially isolated within local contexts. Considering place-of-origin social connections may contribute critical nuance to studies of immigrant health, including disparities in inflammatory markers that may serve as indicators of underlying chronic disease. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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U.S.-Mexico Border Studies Online Collaboration: Transformative Learning across Power and Privilege
ERIC Educational Resources Information Center
Barraclough, Laura; McMahon, Marci R.
2013-01-01
In response to the national conversation about the U.S.-Mexico border and immigration in recent years, we created an online partnership between students in concurrent border studies courses at our two campuses: a public Hispanic-serving institution in South Texas and a private, small liberal arts college in Michigan. We explored whether and how…
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Saba, Samir; Mathier, Michael A; Mehdi, Haider; Liu, Tong; Choi, Bum-Rak; London, Barry; Salama, Guy
2008-02-01
Myocardial infarction (MI) disrupts electrical conduction in affected ventricular areas. We investigated the effect of MI on the regional voltage and calcium (Ca) signals and their propagation properties, with special attention to the effect of the site of ventricular pacing on these properties. New Zealand White rabbits were divided into four study groups: sham-operated (C, n = 6), MI with no pacing (MI, n = 7), MI with right ventricular pacing (MI + RV, n = 6), and MI with BIV pacing (MI + BIV, n = 7). At 4 weeks, hearts were excised, perfused, and optically mapped. As previously shown, systolic and diastolic dilation of the LV were prevented by BIV pacing, as was the reduction in LV fractional shortening. Four weeks after MI, optical mapping revealed markedly reduced action potential amplitudes and conduction velocities (CV) in MI zones, and these increased gradually in the border zone and normal myocardial areas. Also, Ca transients were absent in the infarcted areas and increased gradually 3-5 mm from the border of the normal zone. Neither BIV nor RV pacing affected these findings in any of the MI, border, or normal zones. MI has profound effects on the regional electrical and Ca signals and on their propagation properties in this rabbit model. The absence of differences in these parameters by study group suggests that altering the properties of myocardial electrical conduction and Ca signaling are unlikely mechanisms by which BIV pacing confers its benefits. Further studies into the regional, cellular, and molecular benefits of BIV pacing are therefore warranted.
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Implicit memory for novel figure-ground displays includes a history of cross-border competition.
Peterson, Mary A; Lampignano, Daniel W
2003-08-01
When configural cues specify that a figure lies on opposite sides of a repeated border in prime andprobe shapes, probe latencies are longer than when prime and probe borders are unrelated. Do such results reflect negative priming for the shape of the prime ground or cross-border competition from figure memory? The present study tested these alternatives by adding partial closure as a competing cue and reducing the similarity between the prime ground and the shape of the probe. Results supported the cross-border competition interpretation. Additional findings were that partial closure is a configural cue and that response effects can emerge from the potential shape on the ground side of a border. One prior experience was sufficient for these effects.
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Secure E-Mail Communication across Company Boundaries Experiences and Architectures
NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)
Wichmann, Markus; von der Heidt, Guido; Hille, Carsten; Jacobson, Gunnar
The important role of e-mail in business communication demands a protection of the transmitted information, not only within one company, but in particular across company borders. E-mail encryption using digital certificates provides means to fulfill this demand. The article discusses the obstacles organizations are faced with during the set up and operation of e-mail encryption between companies. Based on the case study of Siemens, experiences made as well as organizational and infrastructural solutions are outlined.
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Groene, O; Poletti, P; Vallejo, P; Cucic, C; Klazinga, N; Suñol, R
2009-01-01
Background: In the past decade the issue of patient mobility has emerged on the European health policy agenda. Although the volume of patients crossing borders to obtain healthcare is low, it is increasing continuously and, due to its legal, financial and medical implications, has generated considerable interest among health policy and other decision makers. However, there is little information available on the safety and patient-centredness of cross-border care and neither governments nor citizens have an explicit basis for comparing healthcare delivery in Europe. Methods: This study investigated the viewpoints of patients, professionals and healthcare financiers on the safety and patient-centredness of cross-border care. Qualitative interviews were carried out during 2005 and early 2006 with 40 patients, 30 professionals (doctors, nurses and managers) and 3 healthcare-financing bodies. Results: Although cross-border care has become a common issue in many European countries, there remain uncertainties on the side of each of the parties addressed—patients, professionals and financiers—with regard to the provision of cross-border care. One of the most striking results of this project is the current lack of research on systematic knowledge on the quality of cross-border care. Conclusion: Many of the issues identified through this research may have a potential impact on the quality and safety of cross-border care and will support further investigation and help shape the health policy agenda on patients crossing borders in European Union countries. PMID:19188456
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Do online pharmacies fit European internal markets?
Mäkinen, Mia Maria; Rautava, Päivi Tuire; Forsström, Jari Johannes
2005-05-01
The aim of this article is to consider the suitability of online pharmacies into European internal market area. This required considering the models of present online pharmacies in respect to the existing legislation. Data on online pharmacy settings was collected by looking some online pharmacies, which were found by using Goggle search machine with term "online pharmacy" and by studying websites of some well-known online pharmacies. European legislation and policy were studied from European Union's official website. Online drug markets seem to be increasing in popularity for reasons related to their ready availability and cost benefits. Few online pharmacies are based in Europe, yet online markets are worldwide. Community legislation does not stipulate on the legality of online pharmacies on European internal markets. Instead Community legislation offers framework for electronic commerce that could also include online pharmacy practise. National legislation, however, may rule them out either directly or indirectly. Regardless of European internal markets online pharmacies' cross-border operations are particularly complicated. Preliminary ruling from the European Court of Justice concerning one European online pharmacy's cross-border practise is awaited 2003-2004 and will offer some aspects for future.
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P-selectin mediates neutrophil adhesion to endothelial cell borders.
Burns, A R; Bowden, R A; Abe, Y; Walker, D C; Simon, S I; Entman, M L; Smith, C W
1999-03-01
During an acute inflammatory response, endothelial P-selectin (CD62P) can mediate the initial capture of neutrophils from the free flowing bloodstream. P-selectin is stored in secretory granules (Weibel-Palade bodies) and is rapidly expressed on the endothelial surface after stimulation with histamine or thrombin. Because neutrophil transmigration occurs preferentially at endothelial borders, we wished to determine whether P-selectin-dependent neutrophil capture (adhesion) occurs at endothelial cell borders. Under static or hydrodynamic flow (2 dyn/cm2) conditions, histamine (10(-4) M) or thrombin (0.2 U/mL) treatment induced preferential (> or = 75%) neutrophil adhesion to the cell borders of endothelial monolayers. Blocking antibody studies established that neutrophil adhesion was completely P-selectin dependent. P-selectin surface expression increased significantly after histamine treatment and P-selectin immunostaining was concentrated along endothelial borders. We conclude that preferential P-selectin expression along endothelial borders may be an important mechanism for targeting neutrophil migration at endothelial borders.
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Antinuclear antibody determination in a routine laboratory.
Feltkamp, T E
1996-01-01
Pitfalls in the method for demonstrating antinuclear antibodies (ANA) by the indirect immunofluorescence technique are described and the use of international standard preparations outlined. Determination of the optimal border dilution dividing positive from negative results is discussed. Each laboratory is a unique setting; it must define its own method, which should rarely be changed. One should not rely on copying methods from other laboratories or commercial firms, but the reproducibility of the nuclear substrate, the conjugate, and other variables should be controlled daily by the use of a control serum which has been related to the WHO standard preparation for ANA of the homogeneous type. Since many sera contain mixtures of different ANA, the results of routine tests are best expressed in titres or expressions of the intensity of fluorescence. The ANA test using the immunofluorescence technique should be used as a screening method for other tests allowing a more defined interpretation of the ANA. Each laboratory should individually determine the border between positive and negative results. Therefore about 200 sera from local healthy controls equally distributed over sex and age, and 100 sera from local patients with definite SLE should be tested. Since the local clinicians should become acquainted with this border it should rarely be changed. Finally each laboratory should participate regularly in national and international quality control rounds, where sera known to be difficult to interpret are tested. The judgment of the organisers of these rounds should stimulate improvements in the participating laboratories. PMID:8984936
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A neural model of figure-ground organization.
Craft, Edward; Schütze, Hartmut; Niebur, Ernst; von der Heydt, Rüdiger
2007-06-01
Psychophysical studies suggest that figure-ground organization is a largely autonomous process that guides--and thus precedes--allocation of attention and object recognition. The discovery of border-ownership representation in single neurons of early visual cortex has confirmed this view. Recent theoretical studies have demonstrated that border-ownership assignment can be modeled as a process of self-organization by lateral interactions within V2 cortex. However, the mechanism proposed relies on propagation of signals through horizontal fibers, which would result in increasing delays of the border-ownership signal with increasing size of the visual stimulus, in contradiction with experimental findings. It also remains unclear how the resulting border-ownership representation would interact with attention mechanisms to guide further processing. Here we present a model of border-ownership coding based on dedicated neural circuits for contour grouping that produce border-ownership assignment and also provide handles for mechanisms of selective attention. The results are consistent with neurophysiological and psychophysical findings. The model makes predictions about the hypothetical grouping circuits and the role of feedback between cortical areas.
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Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR
2010-04-01
.... CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED... merchandise while it is in the agent's custody; and (vi) The period that the contract is in effect. (2... of manufacturing or production operations performed by the agent; (iv) Total quantity and description...