Asymmetry of nonlinear interactions of solar MHD discontinuities with the bow shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grib, S. A.; Pushkar, E. A.

2006-07-01

Oblique interaction between the solar fast shock wave, which is a typical nonstationary strong discontinuity in the interplanetary space, and the bow shock front upstream of an Earth-type planetary magnetosphere is studied. Attention has been paid to the qualitative and quantitative (with respect to the proton density distribution) dawn-dusk (or morning-evening) asymmetry of the discontinuities refracted into the magnetosheath, which originates in the ecliptic plane on different sides of the Sun-Earth line. The results under discussion have been corroborated experimentally by the gas-kinetic pattern of the bow-shock front and the WIND and ISEE 3 spacecraft measurements of the plasma density.

The Radial Bow following Square Nailing in Radius and Ulna Shaft Fractures in Adults and its Relation to Disability and Function.

PubMed

Dave, M B; Parmar, K D; Sachde, B A

2016-07-01

One of the points made against nailing in radius and ulna shaft fractures has been the loss of radial bow and its impact on function. The aims of the study were to assess the change in magnitude and location of the radial bow in radius and ulna shaft fractures treated with intramedullary square nails and to assess the impact of this change on functional outcome, patient reported disability and the range of motion of the forearm. We measured the magnitude of radial bow and its location in the operated extremity and compared it to the uninjured side in 32 adult patients treated with intramedullary square nailing for radius and ulna shaft fractures at our institute. The mean loss of magnitude of maximum radial bow was 2.18 mm which was statistically significant by both student-T test and Mann-Whitney U test with p value less than 0.01. The location of maximum radial bow shifted distally but was statistically insignificant. The magnitude of maximum radial bow had a negative correlation with DASH score that was statistically insignificant (R=- 0.22, p=0.21). It had a positive, statistically significant correlation to the extent of supination in the operated extremity (R = 0.66, p = 0.0004). A loss of up to 2mm of radial bow did not influence the functional outcome as assessed by criteria reported by Anderson et al. The magnitude of radial bow influenced the supination of the forearm but not the final disability as measured by DASH score. Intramedullary nailing did decrease the magnitude of radial bow but a reduction of up to 2mm did not influence the functional outcome.

Sensitivity Analysis of the Seakeeping Behavior of Trimaran Ships

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-12-01

Architects and Marine Engineers; 1967. 827 p. [18] Lloyd ARJM. Seakeeping: Ship Behavior in Rough Weather. West Yorkshire ; Ellis Horwood Ltd ; 1989...INCAT Australia Pty Ltd . This design features side hulls with a very low freeboard at their bows and a definite, above-water center bow. Additional...composite ship, uses an Air Cushion Catamaran (ACC) design, which is an advanced variant of SES technology. Most recently, a co -operative design team that

11. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON PORT SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR AFT COMPANIONWAY. DECKHOUSES, FROM RIGHT TO LEFT (STERN TO BOW), ARE ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT AND GALLEY SKYLIGHT/COMPANIONWAY - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

Lunar Surface Potential Increases during Terrestrial Bow Shock Traversals

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collier, Michael R.; Stubbs, Timothy J.; Hills, H. Kent; Halekas, Jasper; Farrell, William M.; Delory, Greg T.; Espley, Jared; Freeman, John W.; Vondrak, Richard R.; Kasper, Justin

2009-01-01

Since the Apollo era the electric potential of the Moon has been a subject of interest and debate. Deployed by three Apollo missions, Apollo 12, Apollo 14 and Apollo 15, the Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) determined the sunlit lunar surface potential to be about +10 Volts using the energy spectra of lunar ionospheric thermal ions accelerated toward the Moon. We present an analysis of Apollo 14 SIDE "resonance" events that indicate the lunar surface potential increases when the Moon traverses the dawn bow shock. By analyzing Wind spacecraft crossings of the terrestrial bow shock at approximately this location and employing current balancing models of the lunar surface, we suggest causes for the increasing potential. Determining the origin of this phenomenon will improve our ability to predict the lunar surface potential in support of human exploration as well as provide models for the behavior of other airless bodies when they traverse similar features such as interplanetary shocks, both of which are goals of the NASA Lunar Science Institute's Dynamic Response of the Environment At the Moon (DREAM) team.

Pattern Switchable Antenna System Using Inkjet-Printed Directional Bow-Tie for Bi-Direction Sensing Applications

PubMed Central

Eom, Seung-Hyun; Seo, Yunsik; Lim, Sungjoon

2015-01-01

In this paper, we propose a paper-based pattern switchable antenna system using inkjet-printing technology for bi-direction sensor applications. The proposed antenna system is composed of two directional bow-tie antennas and a switching network. The switching network consists of a single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and a balun element. A double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) is employed to convert the unbalanced microstrip mode to the balanced strip mode. Two directional bow-tie antennas have different radiation patterns because of the different orientation of the reflectors and antennas. It is demonstrated from electromagnetic (EM) simulation and measurement that the radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are successfully switched by the SPDT switch. PMID:26690443

Pattern Switchable Antenna System Using Inkjet-Printed Directional Bow-Tie for Bi-Direction Sensing Applications.

PubMed

Eom, Seung-Hyun; Seo, Yunsik; Lim, Sungjoon

2015-12-10

In this paper, we propose a paper-based pattern switchable antenna system using inkjet-printing technology for bi-direction sensor applications. The proposed antenna system is composed of two directional bow-tie antennas and a switching network. The switching network consists of a single-pole-double-throw (SPDT) switch and a balun element. A double-sided parallel-strip line (DSPSL) is employed to convert the unbalanced microstrip mode to the balanced strip mode. Two directional bow-tie antennas have different radiation patterns because of the different orientation of the reflectors and antennas. It is demonstrated from electromagnetic (EM) simulation and measurement that the radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are successfully switched by the SPDT switch.

10. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. VIEW LOOKING FORWARD ON STARBOARD SIDE OF MAIN DECK FROM POINT NEAR ENGINE CONTROL PANEL. DECKHOUSES, FROM LEFT TO RIGHT (STERN TO BOW), ARE AFT COMPANIONWAY, PILOTS' CABIN SKYLIGHT, ENGINE ROOM SKYLIGHT, AND GALLEY SKYLIGHT/COMPANIONWAY - Pilot Schooner "Alabama", Moored in harbor at Vineyard Haven, Vineyard Haven, Dukes County, MA

How gender and boat-side affect shape characteristics of force-angle profiles in single sculling: Insights from functional data analysis.

PubMed

Warmenhoven, John; Cobley, Stephen; Draper, Conny; Harrison, Andrew; Bargary, Norma; Smith, Richard

2018-05-01

To examine whether gender or side of the boat influenced shape characteristics of the force-angle profile in on-water single sculling. Cross-sectional study design. Bivariate functional principal components analysis (bfPCA) was applied to force-angle data to identify the main modes of variance in curves of forty highly skilled male and female rowers (national and international level), rowing at 32 strokes per minute in a single scull boat. Separate discriminant function analyses for each side of the boat showed strong classification of rowers for gender. Force application close to (or closely around) the perpendicular oar position was demonstrated to be different between genders. A mixed ANOVA exploring gender, boat side and their interaction revealed that bow and stroke side forces were also statistically different from each other independently of gender. A main effect, independent of side of the boat, was also present for gender and no interaction was found between gender and boat side. Bow side forces seemingly acted as a driver of power and peak force production, while stroke side forces may have acted as a mediator of propulsive forces with an additional potential role in steering due to known asymmetrical offsets in boat rigging. Results demonstrate that propulsive force differences according to gender and boat-side are evident and must be acknowledged and accounted for before force-angle graphs are explored relative to performance measures. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Highly Collimated Jets and Wide-angle Outflows in HH 46/47: New Evidence from Spitzer Infrared Images

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Velusamy, T.; Langer, William D.; Marsh, Kenneth. A.

2007-01-01

We present new details of the structure and morphology of the jets and outflows in HH 46/47 as seen in Spitzer infrared images from IRAC and MIPS, reprocessed using the 'HiRes' deconvolution technique. HiRes improves the visualization of spatial morphology by enhancing resolution (to subarcsecond levels in IRAC bands) and removing the contaminating side lobes from bright sources. In addition to sharper views of previously reported bow shocks, we have detected (1) the sharply delineated cavity walls of the wide-angle biconical outflow, seen in scattered light on both sides of the protostar, (2) several very narrow jet features at distances approximately 400 AU to approximately 0.1 pc from the star, and (3) compact emissions at MIPS 24 m with the jet heads, tracing the hottest atomic/ionic gas in the bow shocks. Together the IRAC and MIPS images provide a more complete picture of the bow shocks, tracing both the molecular and atomic/ionic gases, respectively. The narrow width and alignment of all jet-related features indicate a high degree of jet collimation and low divergence (width of approximately 400 AU increasing by only a factor of 2.3 over 0.2 pc). The morphology of this jet, bow shocks, wide-angle outflows, and the fact that the jet is nonprecessing and episodic, constrain the mechanisms for producing the jet's entrained molecular gas, and origins of the fast jet, and slower wide-angle outflow.

Settlement of the USS Arizona, Pearl Harbor, Hawaii

USGS Publications Warehouse

Carkin, Brad A.; Kayen, Robert E.

2013-01-01

The U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with the National Park Service Submerged Resources Center, undertook investigations at the USS Arizona Memorial at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii, in 2002, 2003, and 2005 to characterize geological factors affecting the deterioration and movement of the hull of the USS Arizona. Since sinking on the morning of December 7, 1941, the hull of the USS Arizona has been slowly but steadily disappearing below the surface of Pearl Harbor. Continuous sediment coring at three of four locations around the hull of the Arizona was only partially successful, but it was sufficient to identify a varied sedimentary substrate beneath the hull. A boring near the stern reveals a thick, continuous sequence of soft, gray clay to the bottom of the boring. In contrast, borings near the bow and starboard side, below about 5 meters subbottom depth, indicate the presence of very stiff, brown clay and coral debris and an absence of soft clay. Multisensor core logger scanning of the recovered cores distinguishes the lower density of the soft, gray clay at the stern from the higher density of the stiff, brown clays and coral debris at the bow and starboard side. Uniaxial consolidation testing of the soft gray clay indicates a normally consolidated sequence, whereas the stiff, brown clay and coral debris are overconsolidated. Profiles of shear wave velocity vs. depth obtained through spectral analysis of interface wave testing around the perimeter of the hull in 2005 identified areas of higher velocity, stiffer sediment at the bow and starboard side, which correspond to the dense, stiff clay recovered near the bow and starboard borings. Low shear-wave velocities at the port midship and quarter of the hull correlate with the lower density, softer sediment recovered from the boring at the stern. Cross sections of the subbottom of the Memorial combine results from the sediment borings and geophysical surveys and depict a wedge of soft clay unconformably overlying the stiff clays and coral debris beneath the aft half of the USS Arizona and thickening toward the stern. The 2008 position of the hull has been documented using both tide-based and differential Global Positioning System (GPS) measuring systems. Analysis of historical and recent photographs was done to create a record of settlement from the time of sinking in 1941 to the present. By examining shadows in suitable photos, the sun azimuth, local time of day, and tide levels were determined to derive tide-adjusted and sea-level-rise-corrected elevations for structures on the hull and from these elevations to obtain settlement and tilt trends. The settlement trends, most complete for barbette 3, have two components. An early, nonlinear component ends on December 9, 1941, and represents the initial penetration and displacement of the bottom sediment by the hull. A linear, long-term trend of normal consolidation continues to the present day. Long-term settlement rates are greatest at the stern and decrease linearly to the midship, showing that the aft half of the hull is moving as an intact, rigid body. The recent rate of settlement at the stern is about 3.5 mm/year; rates at the starboard midship and forward part of the hull are less than one-third of the stern rate. The aft half of the USS Arizona hull presently tilts about 2 degrees to port, an increase of at least 1.5 degrees since the initial sinking of the ship. The results of this study identify differential settlement of the Arizona hull, due to the wedge of soft clay underlying the aft half of the hull, as the cause of the movement of the hull beneath the surface of Pearl Harbor. Calculation of sediment consolidation using lab-determined properties of the soft clay demonstrates that the observed settlements can be reproduced by projecting appropriate clay thicknesses beneath the hull. Several of the high-quality photographs analyzed for the historical settlement analysis highlight some of the limitations of this retrospective technique for determining tide-based elevations. In these cases, calculated structure elevations do not conform to the settlement trend, indicating that there can be complicating factors affecting the interpretation of the photos. Conflicting dates for events during the salvage operations were also encountered.

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 190.02-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 72.04-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 108.801 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this... arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at... 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

Curvature and bow of bulk GaN substrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Foronda, Humberto M.; Young, Erin C.; Robertson, Christian A.

2016-07-21

We investigate the bow of free standing (0001) oriented hydride vapor phase epitaxy grown GaN substrates and demonstrate that their curvature is consistent with a compressive to tensile stress gradient (bottom to top) present in the substrates. The origin of the stress gradient and the curvature is attributed to the correlated inclination of edge threading dislocation (TD) lines away from the [0001] direction. A model is proposed and a relation is derived for bulk GaN substrate curvature dependence on the inclination angle and the density of TDs. The model is used to analyze the curvature for commercially available GaN substratesmore » as determined by high resolution x-ray diffraction. The results show a close correlation between the experimentally determined parameters and those predicted from theoretical model.« less

Finite element method (FEM) analysis of the force systems produced by asymmetric inner headgear bows.

PubMed

Geramy, Allahyar; Kizilova, Natalya; Terekhov, Leonid

2011-11-01

Extra-oral traction appliances were introduced more than a century ago and continue to be used to produce orthopaedic and/or dental changes in the maxilla. While force systems produced by asymmetric outer bows have been studied extensively, the force systems produced by asymmetric inner bows have been overlooked. To analyse the forces acting on the maxillary first molars: when the size of one bayonet bend is increased; when the point of application of the distalising force on the inner bow is moved to one side; when one molar is displaced palatally. Four FEM models of cervical headgear attached to maxillary first molars were designed in SolidWorks 2010 and transferred to an ANSYS Workbench Ver. 12.1. Model 1, each molar was 23 mm from the midpalatal line and the inner bow was symmetrical; Model 2, the left molar was displaced 4 mm towards the midpalatal line and the inner bow was symmetrical; Model 3, the molars were equidistant (23 mm) from the midpalatal line, but the left molar was engaged by a 2 mm larger bayonet bend; Model 4, the molars were equidistant (23 mm) from the midpalatal line but the join between the inner and outer bows was displaced 2 mm towards the left molar. In all FEM models, a 2N force was applied to the inner bow at the join between inner and outer bows and the energy transmitted to the teeth and the von Mises stresses on the molar PDLs were assessed. There were marked differences in the strain energy on the teeth and the von Mises stresses on their PDLs. A 14 to 20 per cent increase in energy and force was produced on the tooth closer to the symmetric plane of the headgear. In addition, the increase in energy produced a 30 to 62 per cent increase in the von Mises stresses within the PDLs. Small asymmetries in molar position, the size of a bayonet bend and the point of application of a force on an inner bow resulted in asymmetrical forces on the molars. These forces were higher on the molar closer to the symmetric plane of the headgear.

46 CFR 92.03-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the... over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to... least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 92.03-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the... over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to... least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 92.03-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the... over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to... least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

46 CFR 32.16-1 - Navigation bridge visibility-T/ALL.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the vessel. Within this arc of... 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees... bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main steering position, the field of...

46 CFR 92.03-1 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1,640 feet) from dead ahead to 10 degrees on either side of the... over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of the vessel, through dead ahead, to... least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead, to at least dead astern. (4) From the main...

Two-dimensional steady bow waves in water of finite depth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kao, John

1998-12-01

In this study, the two-dimensional steady bow flow in water of arbitrary finite depth has been investigated. The two-dimensional bow is assumed to consist of an inclined flat plate connected downstream to a horizontal semi-infinite draft plate. The bottom of the channel is assumed to be a horizontal plate; the fluid is assumed to be inviscid, incompressible; and the flow irrotational. For the angle of incidence α (held by the bow plate) lying between 0o and 60o, the local flow analysis near the stagnation point shows that the angle lying between the free surface and the inclined plate, β, must always be equal to 120o, otherwise no solution can exist. Moreover, we further find that the local flow solution does not exist if /alpha > 60o, and that on the inclined plate there exists a negative pressure region adjacent to the stagnation point for /alpha < 30o. Singularities at the stagnation point and the upstream infinity are found to have multiple branch-point singularities of irrational orders. A fully nonlinear theoretical model has been developed in this study for evaluating the incompressible irrotational flow satisfying the free-surface conditions and two constraint equations. To solve the bow flow problem, successive conformal mappings are first used to transform the flow domain into the interior of a unit semi-circle in which the unknowns can be represented as the coefficients of an infinite series. A total error function equivalent to satisfying the Bernoulli equation is defined and solved by minimizing the error function and applying the method of Lagrange's multiplier. Smooth solutions with monotonic free surface profiles have been found and presented here for the range of 35o < /alpha < 60o, a draft Froude number Frd less than 0.5, and a water-depth Froude number Frh less than 0.4. The dependence of the solution on these key parameters is examined. Our results may be useful in designing the optimum bow shape.

First results from the Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Neubauer, F. M.; Glassmeier, K. H.; Pohl, M.; Raeder, J.; Acuna, M. H.; Burlaga, L. F.; Ness, N. F.

1986-01-01

The Giotto magnetometer experiment at comet Halley has for the first time provided magnetic field measurements in all the important spatial regions characterizing the front-side interaction between the solar-wind magnetoplasma and a cometary atmosphere. Upstream waves of cometary origin have been observed at distances greater than two million km from the comet, both inbound and outbound. A cometary bow shock has been identified at 1.15 million inbound on the dawn side and a thick quasi-parallel cometary bow shock outbound. A turbulent magnetosheath has been observed further inside. A magnetic pile-up region has been identified inside 135,000 km, inbound, and 263,000 km, outbound, with fields up to 57 and 65 nT, respectively. A cavity region with essentially zero magnetic field has been discovered, with a width of 8500 km along the trajectory around closest approach.

How propeller suction is the dominant factor for ship accidents at shallow water conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Acar, Dursun; Alpar, Bedri; Ozeren, Sinan

2017-04-01

The laminar flow comes to the fore with the disappearance of the several other directions in the internal displacements in the water current. Due to the dominant speed direction during the straightforward motion of the ship, the underwater hull is associated with the continuous flow of laminar currents. The open marine environment acts as a compressible liquid medium because of the presence of many variables about water volume overflow boundaries where the ship is associated. Layers of water rising over the sea surface due to ship's body and the propeller's water push provides loss of liquid lifting force for the ship. These situations change the well-known sea-floor morphology and reliable depth limits, and lead to probable accidents. If the ship block coefficient for the front side is 0.7 or higher, the "squat" will be more on the bow, because the associated factor "displacement volume" causes to the low-pressure environment due to large and rapid turbulence. Thus, the bow sinks further, which faced with liquid's weaker lift force. The vessels Gerardus Mercator, Queen Elizabeth and Costa Concordia had accidents because of unified reasons of squat, fast water mass displacement by hull push and propeller suction interaction. In the case of water mass displacement from the bow side away, that accident occurred in 2005 by the vessel Gerardus Mercator with excessive longitudinal trim angularity in the shallow water. The vessel Costa Concordia (2012), voluminous water displaced from the rear left side was an important factor because of the sharp manoeuvre of that the captain made before the accident. Observations before the accident indicate that full-speed sharp turn provided listed position for the ship from left (port side) in the direction of travel before colliding and then strike a rock on the sloping side of the seabed. The reason why the ship drifted to the left depends mainly the water discharge occurred at the left side of the hull during left-hand rudder control. Additionally the second water drainage from the shallow ridge area by the propeller's left-directed suction created a shallower environment. Similar situation for example collision of two ships during their side by side forward motions; their positions will be approached and listed to each other more same as downslope movement because of the shared area's water level collapse occur more by two propeller's suction.

Modifying Ship Air-Wake Vortices for Aircraft Operations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lamar, John E.

2004-01-01

Columnar-vortex generators (CVG) have been proposed as means to increase the safety of takeoffs and landings of aircraft on aircraft or helicopter carriers and other ships at sea. According to the proposal, CVGs would be installed at critical edge locations on ships to modify the vortices in the air wakes of the ships. The desired effects of modifications are to smooth airflows over takeoff and landing deck areas and divert vortices from takeoff and landing flight paths. With respect to aircraft operations, the wake flows of primary interest are those associated with the bow and side edges of aircraft-carrier decks and with superstructures of ships in general (see Figure 1). The bow and deck-edge vortices can adversely affect airplane and helicopter operations on carriers, while the superstructure wakes can primarily affect operations of helicopters. The concept of the CVG is not new; what is new is the proposed addition of CVGs to ship structures to effect favorable modifications of air wakes. Figure 2 depicts a basic CVG, vertical and horizontal CVGs installed on a simple superstructure, and horizontal CVGs installed on the bow and deck edges. The vertical CVGs would be closed at the deck but open at the top. Each horizontal CVG would be open at both ends. The dimensions of the CVGs installed on the aft edges of the superstructure would be chosen so that the portion of the flow modified by the vertical CVGs would interact synergistically with the portion of the flow modified by the horizontal CVG to move the air wake away from the takeoff-and-landing zone behind the superstructure. The deck-edge CVGs would be mounted flush with, and would extend slightly ahead of the bow of, the flight deck. The overall length of each tube would exceed that of the flight deck. Each deck-edge CVG would capture that portion of the airflow that generates a deck-edge vortex and would generate a columnar vortex of opposite sense to that of the unmodified vortex. The vortex generated by the CVG could be dispersed at its base, thereby removing unwanted turbulence in the path of an approaching airplane. The deck-edge CVGs would promote smooth flow over the entire flight deck. In the case of a Nimitz-class aircraft carrier like that of Figure 1, there would be a CVG on each of the outer edges of the two left portions of the flight deck and a single CVG on the right side of the flight deck. The forward-most CVG on the left side would take the generated vortex underneath the angled flight deck. A CVG could also be installed on the bow of the flight deck to smooth the flow of air onto the flight deck. In the case of wind incident on the deck from an azimuth other than straight ahead, the vortex generated by the bow CVG could, perhaps, be used to feed the CVG(s) of the leeward side edge of the flight deck.

Atypical Femoral Shaft Fractures in Female Bisphosphonate Users Were Associated with an Increased Anterolateral Femoral Bow and a Thicker Lateral Cortex: A Case-Control Study.

PubMed

Jang, Seung Pil; Yeo, Ingwon; So, Sang-Yeon; Kim, Keunbyuel; Moon, Young-Wan; Park, Youn-Soo; Lim, Seung-Jae

2017-01-01

The purpose of our study was to investigate the radiographic characteristics of atypical femoral shaft fractures (AFSFs) in females with a particular focus on femoral bow and cortical thickness. We performed a fracture location-, age-, gender-, and ethnicity-matched case-control study. Forty-two AFSFs in 29 patients and 22 typical osteoporotic femoral shaft fractures in 22 patients were enrolled in AFSF group and control group, respectively. With comparing demographics between two groups, radiographically measured femoral bow and cortical thicknesses of AFSF group were compared with control group. All AFSF patients were females with a mean age of 74.4 years (range, 58-85 years). All had a history of bisphosphonate (BP) use with a mean duration of 7.3 years (range 1-17 years). Femoral bow of AFSF group was significantly higher than control group on both anteroposterior (AP) and lateral radiographs after age correction. Mean femoral bow on an AP radiograph was 12.39° ± 5.38° in AFSF group and 3.97 ± 3.62° in control group ( P < 0.0001). Mean femoral bow on the lateral radiograph was 15.71° ± 5.62° in AFSF group and 10.72° ± 4.61° in control group (after age correction P = 0.003). And cortical thicknesses of AFSF group demonstrated marked disparity between tensile and compressive side of bowed femurs in this study. An adjusted lateral cortical thickness was 10.5 ± 1.4 mm in AFSF group and 8.1 ± 1.3 mm in control group (after age correction P < 0.0001) while medial cortical thickness of AFSF group was not statistically different from control group. Correlation analysis showed that the lateral femoral bow on the AP radiograph was solely related to lateral CTI ( R = 0.378, P = 0.002). AFSFs in female BP users were associated with an increased anterolateral femoral bow and a thicker lateral cortex of femurs.

High-performance mc-Si ingot grown by modified DS system: Numerical investigation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Thiyagaragjan, M.; Aravindan, G.; Srinivasan, M.; Ramasamy, P.

2018-04-01

Numerical investigation is carried out on multi-crystalline silicon ingot grown by using side-top and side-bottom heaters and the temperature distribution, von Mises stress and maximum shear stress are analyzed. In order to analyze the changes, results from the side-top and side-bottom heaters are compared. The stress values are reduced, when the side-bottom heaters are placed. A 2D numerical approach is successfully applied to study the stress parameters in directional solidification silicon.

Integrating the Non-Line of Sight Launching System (NLOS-LS) in the United States Navy

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-03-01

the NLOS-LS system............................................................55 Figure 39: Definitions of the Electromagnetic Disciplines Covered by...side was a 36” tear in the hull skin and the right side panel bowed out 8”. As evidenced by the pictures, the relatively small PAM missile...system components • Blockage Zones • Blast Effects • Environmental Effects • Stabilization • Electromagnetic Environmental Effects • Radar

The Uranian bow shock - Voyager 2 inbound observations of a high Mach number shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bagenal, Fran; Belcher, John W.; Sittler, Edward C., Jr.; Lepping, Ronald P.

1987-01-01

The Voyager 2 magnetometer and plasma detector measured a high Mach number, high beta bow shock on the dayside of the Uranian magnetosphere. Although the average conditions on either side of the shock are consistent with the Rankine-Hugoniot (MHD) relations for a stationary, quasi-perpendicular shock, the data revealed both detailed structure in the transition region as well as considerable variability in the downstream magnetosheath plasma. The bulk plasma parameters and the magnetic field exhibited some of the characteristics of a supercritical shock: an overshoot followed by damped oscillations downstream, consistent with recent theoretical models of high Mach number quasi-perpendicular shocks.

Model-Scale Experiment of the Seakeeping Performance for R/V Melville, Model 5720

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-01

Angle 1 Y None Deg Sensor Bourns Rotary Potentiometer 6574S-1-103 NA 39596 KVH Sin 2 Y None volts Sensor KVH Fluxgate Compass C-100...NA Deg Sensor KVH Calc Heading NA N None DegM Calculated KVH Fluxgate Compass C-100 39449 Bow Tracker Sensor Bottom NA N None...3DM-3XI combined three axis of angular rate gyros, accelerometers, and magnetometers to provide various combinations of gyro stabilized Euler

Delineating functional principles of the bow tie structure of a kinase-phosphatase network in the budding yeast.

PubMed

Abd-Rabbo, Diala; Michnick, Stephen W

2017-03-16

Kinases and phosphatases (KP) form complex self-regulating networks essential for cellular signal processing. In spite of having a wealth of data about interactions among KPs and their substrates, we have very limited models of the structures of the directed networks they form and consequently our ability to formulate hypotheses about how their structure determines the flow of information in these networks is restricted. We assembled and studied the largest bona fide kinase-phosphatase network (KP-Net) known to date for the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Application of the vertex sort (VS) algorithm on the KP-Net allowed us to elucidate its hierarchical structure in which nodes are sorted into top, core and bottom layers, forming a bow tie structure with a strongly connected core layer. Surprisingly, phosphatases tend to sort into the top layer, implying they are less regulated by phosphorylation than kinases. Superposition of the widest range of KP biological properties over the KP-Net hierarchy shows that core layer KPs: (i), receive the largest number of inputs; (ii), form bottlenecks implicated in multiple pathways and in decision-making; (iii), and are among the most regulated KPs both temporally and spatially. Moreover, top layer KPs are more abundant and less noisy than those in the bottom layer. Finally, we showed that the VS algorithm depends on node degrees without biasing the biological results of the sorted network. The VS algorithm is available as an R package ( https://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/VertexSort/index.html ). The KP-Net model we propose possesses a bow tie hierarchical structure in which the top layer appears to ensure highest fidelity and the core layer appears to mediate signal integration and cell state-dependent signal interpretation. Our model of the yeast KP-Net provides both functional insight into its organization as we understand today and a framework for future investigation of information processing in yeast and eukaryotes in general.

46 CFR 199.176 - Markings on lifesaving appliances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ARRANGEMENTS LIFESAVING SYSTEMS FOR CERTAIN INSPECTED VESSELS Requirements for All Vessels § 199.176 Markings on lifesaving appliances. (a) Lifeboats and rescue boats. Each lifeboat and rescue boat must be plainly marked as follows: (1) Each side of each lifeboat and rescue boat bow must be marked in block...

INTERIOR VIEW, PASSAGE AND DOOR LETTING ONTO THE SOUTHEAST BED ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR VIEW, PASSAGE AND DOOR LETTING ONTO THE SOUTHEAST BED CHAMBER. THE ANGLED PASSAGE RUNS PARALLEL TO WHAT WAS AN EXTERIOR WALL OF THE THREE-SIDED WINDOW BOW PRESENT IN THE HOUSE’S ORIGINAL CA. 1770 STATE - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Diamagnetic Solar-Wind Cavity Discovered behind Moon.

PubMed

Colburn, D S; Currie, R G; Mihalov, J D; Sonett, C P

1967-11-24

Preliminary Ames-magnetometer data from Explorer 35, the lunar orbiter, show no evidence of a lunar bow shock. However, an increase of the magnetic field by about 1.5 gamma (over the interplanetary value) is evident on Moon's dark side, as well as dips in field strength at the limbs. Interpretation of these spatial variations in the field as deriving from plasma diamagnetism is consistent with a plasma void on the dark side, and steady-state (B = 0) magnetic transparency of Moon.

Auv Multibeam Bathymetry and Sidescan Survey of the SS Montebello wreck Offshore Cambria CA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Caress, D. W.; Thomas, H.; Conlin, D.; Thompson, D.; Paull, C. K.

2010-12-01

An MBARI Mapping AUV survey of the SS Montebello wreck offshore Cambria, CA collected high-resolution multibeam bathymetry and sidescan imagery of the vessel and the surrounding seafloor. The Montebello was an oil tanker that was torpedoed and sunk about 11 km offshore in 275 m water depth by a Japanese submarine on December 23, 1941. The Montebello was loaded with 3,000,000 gallons of crude oil, and there is no evidence that significant leakage of that cargo occurred at the time of the sinking or in the 69 years since. The California Department of Fish and Game’s Office of Spill Prevention and Response (OSPR) commissioned the AUV survey as part of a multi-agency Montebello Task Force effort to assess the potential pollution threat. The survey data will be used to determine the extent and general character of the wreckage for a pending Task Force report and to guide any future ROV dive or assessment activity . The AUV surveyed the wreck site from altitudes of 75 and 25 m; the low-altitude high-resolution survey consists of a grid with a 50 m line spacing both parallel and orthogonal to the ship. The 200 kHz multibeam bathymetry images the wreck from both above and from the sides with an 0.5 m lateral resolution. The combination of soundings from all of the survey lines results in a three-dimensional distribution of soundings that delineates the external morphology and some of the internal structure of the wreck. 410 kHz chirp sidescan sonar data also image the site from both directions. The bathymetry data indicate that the Montebello was pitched forward down when it impacted the bottom, crushing and breaking off the bow section. Both forward and aft deckhouses are largely intact, and in fact the multibeam images the individual decks within those structures. About half of the forward mast remains, both amidships masts and the smokestack are missing. A good deal of the deck piping and equipment appears intact, and aside from the bow, the ship’s sides appear intact. The rudder is intact but leaning to port. The multibeam also imaged a considerable fish population above and around the wreck site.

Three dimensional microelectrode system for dielectrophoresis

DOEpatents

Dehlinger, Dietrich A.; Rose, Klint A.; Shusteff, Maxim; Bailey, Christopher G.; Mariella, Jr., Raymond P.

2013-09-03

A dielectrophoresis apparatus for separating particles from a sample, including an apparatus body; a dielectrophoresis channel in the apparatus body, the dielectrophoresis channel having a central axis, a bottom, a top, a first side, and a second side; a first mesa projecting into the dielectrophoresis channel from the bottom and extending from the first side across the dielectrophoresis channel to the second side, the first mesa extending at an angle to the central axis of the dielectrophoresis channel; a first electrode extending along the first mesa; a second mesa projecting into the dielectrophoresis channel from the bottom and extending from the first side across the dielectrophoresis channel to the second side, the second mesa extending at an angle to the central axis of the dielectrophoresis channel; a space between at least one of the first electrode and the second side or the second electrode and the second side; and a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode.

Three dimensional microelectrode system for dielectrophoresis

DOEpatents

Dehlinger, Dietrich A; Rose, Klint A; Shusteff, Maxim; Bailey, Christopher G; Mariella, Jr., Raymond P

2014-12-02

A dielectrophoresis method for separating particles from a sample, including a dielectrophoresis channel, the dielectrophoresis channel having a central axis, a bottom, a top, a first side, and a second side; a first mesa projecting into the dielectrophoresis channel from the bottom and extending from the first side across the dielectrophoresis channel to the second side, the first mesa extending at an angle to the central axis of the dielectrophoresis channel; a second mesa projecting into the dielectrophoresis channel from the bottom and extending from the first side across the dielectrophoresis channel to the second side, the second mesa parallel to said first mesa; a space between at least one of the first electrode and the second side or the second electrode and the second side; and a gap between the first electrode and the second electrode, and pumping a recovery fluid through said gap between said first electrode and into said space between at least one of said first mesa and said second side or said second mesa and said second side.

Spacecube V2.0 Micro Single Board Computer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Petrick, David J. (Inventor); Geist, Alessandro (Inventor); Lin, Michael R. (Inventor); Crum, Gary R. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A single board computer system radiation hardened for space flight includes a printed circuit board having a top side and bottom side; a reconfigurable field programmable gate array (FPGA) processor device disposed on the top side; a connector disposed on the top side; a plurality of peripheral components mounted on the bottom side; and wherein a size of the single board computer system is not greater than approximately 7 cm.times.7 cm.

14 CFR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... landing. For symmetrical step, bow, and stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those....25 tan β times the resultant load in the corresponding symmetrical landing condition; and (2) The... at one float times the step landing load reached under § 23.527. The side load is directed inboard...

14 CFR 23.529 - Hull and main float landing conditions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... landing. For symmetrical step, bow, and stern landings, the limit water reaction load factors are those....25 tan β times the resultant load in the corresponding symmetrical landing condition; and (2) The... at one float times the step landing load reached under § 23.527. The side load is directed inboard...

75 FR 9256 - Notice of Buy American Waiver Under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-01

... ice wedge located on the hull. An ice wedge is a projection at the front of a vessel below the water line that moves ice to the sides as the bow breaks and pushes it down. This particular hull form... particular vessel: [[Page 9257

Ground-state magnetic phase diagram of bow-tie graphene nanoflakes in external magnetic field

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Szałowski, Karol

2013-12-01

The magnetic phase diagram of a ground state is studied theoretically for graphene nanoflakes of bow-tie shape and various sizes in external in-plane magnetic field. The tight-binding Hamiltonian supplemented with Hubbard term is used to model the electronic structure of the systems in question. The existence of the antiferromagnetic phase with magnetic moments localized at the sides of the bow-tie is found for low field and a field-induced spin-flip transition to ferromagnetic state is predicted to occur in charge-undoped structures. For small nanoflake doped with a single charge carrier, the low-field phase is ferrimagnetic and a metamagnetic transition to ferromagnetic ordering can be forced by the field. The critical field is found to decrease with increasing size of the nanoflake. The influence of diagonal and off-diagonal disorder on the mentioned magnetic properties is studied. The effect of off-diagonal disorder is found to be more important than that of diagonal disorder, leading to significantly widened distribution of critical fields for disordered population of nanoflakes.

Note: Formation of the nematic splay-bend in two-dimensional systems of bow-shaped particles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Karbowniczek, Paweł

2018-04-01

Recently, Tavarone et al. (J. Chem. Phys. 143, 114505 (2015)) discussed phase behavior of zig-zag and bow-shaped particles composed of three needles. The authors presented very interesting results of extensive Monte Carlo simulations with periodic boundary conditions in the constant-NVT and the constant-NPT ensembles. In addition to isotropic, nematic, and smectic phases, they identified a modulated nematic, which is actually the nematic splay-bend phase ($N_{SB}$), long-anticipated for bent-core systems (Europhys. Lett. 56, 247 (2001)). They also described isotropic-nematic and nematic-smectic transitions using Density Functional Theory in mean-field approximation. The authors, however, did not provided a theoretical description of the $N_{SB}$. Here, we present a simple theory of a phase transition to the $N_{SB}$ phase to fill the gap. In our study, we use Onsager-type Density Functional Theory with perfect order approximation and Meyer parametrization of modulated structures. We present results for arbitrary ratios of the length of central and side segments and opening angles of bow-shaped particles.

Lunar Surface Electric Potential Changes Associated with Traversals through the Earth's Foreshock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Collier, Michael R.; Hills, H. Kent; Stubbs, Timothy J.; Halekas, Jasper S.; Delory, Gregory T.; Espley, Jared; Farrell, William M.; Freeman, John W.; Vondrak, Richard

2011-01-01

We report an analysis of one year of Suprathermal Ion Detector Experiment (SIDE) Total Ion Detector (TID) resonance events observed between January 1972 and January 1973. The study includes only those events during which upstream solar wind conditions were readily available. The analysis shows that these events are associated with lunar traversals through the dawn flank of the terrestrial magnetospheric bow shock. We propose that the events result from an increase in lunar surface electric potential effected by secondary electron emission due to primary electrons in the Earth's foreshock region (although primary ions may play a role as well). This work establishes (1) the lunar surface potential changes as the Moon moves through the terrestrial bow shock, (2) the lunar surface achieves potentials in the upstream foreshock region that differ from those in the downstream magnetosheath region, (3) these differences can be explained by the presence of energetic electron beams in the upstream foreshock region and (4) if this explanation is correct, the location of the Moon with respect to the terrestrial bow shock influences lunar surface potential.

Difference of Diagnostic Rates and Analytical Methods in the Test Positions of Vestibular Evoked Myogenic Potentials

PubMed Central

Park, Jeong Mee; Yong, Sang Yeol; Kim, Jong Heon; Kim, Hee; Park, Sang-Yoo

2014-01-01

Objective To compare the differences of diagnostic rates, of the two widely used test positions, in measuring vestibular evoked myogenic potentials (VEMP) and selecting the most appropriate analytical method for diagnostic criteria for the patients with vertigo. Methods Thirty-two patients with vertigo were tested in two comparative testing positions: turning the head to the opposite side of the evaluating side and bowing while in seated position, and bowing while in supine positions. Abnormalities were determined by prolonged latency of p13 or n23, shortening of the interpeak latency, and absence of VEMP formation. Results Using the three criteria above for determining abnormalities, both the seated and supine positions showed no significant differences in diagnostic rates, however, the concordance correlation of the two positions was low. When using only the prolonged latency of p13 or n23 in the two positions, diagnostic rates were not significantly different and their concordance correlation was high. On the other hand, using only the shortened interpeak latency in both positions showed no significant difference of diagnostic rates, and the degree of agreement between two positions was low. Conclusion Bowing while in seated position with the head turned in the opposite direction to the area being evaluated is found to be the best VEMP test position due to the consistent level of sternocleidomastoid muscle tension and the high level of compliance. Also, among other diagnostic analysis methods, using prolonged latency of p13 or n23 as the criterion is found to be the most appropriate method of analysis for the VEMP test. PMID:24855617

Cuttlefish Sepia officinalis Preferentially Respond to Bottom Rather than Side Stimuli When Not Allowed Adjacent to Tank Walls

PubMed Central

Taniguchi, Darcy A. A.; Gagnon, Yakir; Wheeler, Benjamin R.; Johnsen, Sönke; Jaffe, Jules S.

2015-01-01

Cuttlefish are cephalopods capable of rapid camouflage responses to visual stimuli. However, it is not always clear to what these animals are responding. Previous studies have found cuttlefish to be more responsive to lateral stimuli rather than substrate. However, in previous works, the cuttlefish were allowed to settle next to the lateral stimuli. In this study, we examine whether juvenile cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) respond more strongly to visual stimuli seen on the sides versus the bottom of an experimental aquarium, specifically when the animals are not allowed to be adjacent to the tank walls. We used the Sub Sea Holodeck, a novel aquarium that employs plasma display screens to create a variety of artificial visual environments without disturbing the animals. Once the cuttlefish were acclimated, we compared the variability of camouflage patterns that were elicited from displaying various stimuli on the bottom versus the sides of the Holodeck. To characterize the camouflage patterns, we classified them in terms of uniform, disruptive, and mottled patterning. The elicited camouflage patterns from different bottom stimuli were more variable than those elicited by different side stimuli, suggesting that S. officinalis responds more strongly to the patterns displayed on the bottom than the sides of the tank. We argue that the cuttlefish pay more attention to the bottom of the Holodeck because it is closer and thus more relevant for camouflage. PMID:26465786

Physical habitat dynamics in four side-channel chutes, lower Missouri River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jacobson, Robert B.; Johnson, Harold E.; Laustrup, Mark S.; D'Urso, Gary J.; Reuter, Joanna M.

2004-01-01

Construction of the side-channel chutes has become a popular means to rehabilitate habitate of the Lower Missouri River. We studied various aspects of hydrology, hydraulics, and geomorphology of four side-channel chutes to document a range of existing conditions in the Lower Missouri River. The Cranberry Bend side-channel chute has existed for at least 40 years and is an example of a persistent, minimally engineered chute. The Lisbon Bottom side-channel chute is a young chute, created by extreme floods during 1993-1996, and allowed to evolve with minimum engineering of inlet and outlet structures. The Hamburg Bend and North Overton Bottom side-channel chutes were constructed in 1996 and 2000, respectively, as part of the Missouri River Bank Stabilization and navigation Fish and Wildlife Mitigation Project. These side-channel chutes provide increased areas of sandbars and shallow, slow water -- habitats thought to be substantially diminished in the modern Missouri River. Depths and velocities measured in side-channel chutes are also present in the main channel, but the chutes provide more areas of slow, shallow water and they increase the range of discharges over which shallow, slow water is present. The 3.6 km long Lisbon Bottom chute provides as much as 50% of the entire shallow water habitat that exists in the encompassing 15 km reach of the river. At Cranberry Bend and Lisbon Bottom, the side-channel chutes provided 10-40% of the availabile sandbar area in the reach, depending on discharge. Each of the side-channel chutes shows evidence of continuing erosion and deposition. The longevity and the Cranberry Bend chute attests to dynamic stability -- that is, a chute that maintains form and processes while shifting in position. The Hamburg chute similarly shows evidence of lateral movement and construction of flood plain to compensate for erosion. The Lisbon Bottom chute -- the most intensively studied chute -- appears to have achieved an equilibrium width and continues to migrate slowly; however, evidence of aggradation indicates that the chute has not reached an ultimate form, and may be continuing to adjust to altered hydrology and sediment availability. The North Overton Bottoms chute is the newest in the study. In its originally constructed form, the North Overton Bottoms pilot chute was extremely stable, even while being subjected to two floods in excess of 2-year recurrence interval and after accumulating large, potentially destabilizing large woody debris jams. Ongoing adaptive re-engineering of the North Overton Bottoms chute has prevented assessment of how the chute might have adjusted its form in the absence of intervention.

Direct energy conversion bottoming cycles for solid oxide fuel cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Paramonov, D.V.; Carelli, M.D.

1998-07-01

Besides high conversion efficiency, advantages of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell (SOFC) include ability of low pressure operation, absence of moving parts and resulting inherently low maintenance requirements, modularity, long lifetime and unattended operation. A further increase in the conversion efficiency, without compromising the advantages inherent with static devices, can be achieved by employing a direct energy conversion bottoming cycle. The biggest challenges in the integration of direct energy conversion devices with SOFC are: (a) the need to preheat the SOFC feed air while maximizing the bottoming cycle power, and (b) limited temperature of the SOFC exhaust. These restrictions limit themore » choice to the Alkali Metal Thermal to Electric Conversion (AMTEC) and Thermoelectric (TE) technologies while eliminating thermionics and thermophotovoltaics. In addition to the aforementioned advantages, the SOFC-AMTEC and SOFC-TE cycles are attractive for certain applications such as cogeneration and power supplies for remote locations where the use of higher efficiency dynamic bottoming cycles might be undesirable due to maintenance and noise restrictions. A preliminary feasibility assessment of AMTEC and TE bottoming of SOFC power systems has been performed. Five SOFC bottoming cycle concepts were considered. They include: TE bottoming with cogeneration capability, TE bottoming with additional heat recovery, TE bottoming with uncoupled TE converter and air preheater, AMTEC bottoming, and Cascaded AMTEC-TE bottoming. The cascaded AMTEC-TE bottoming cycle increases the overall cycle efficiency by 4.7 percentage points. TE bottoming cycle with additional heat recovery adds 3.8 percentage points, and the other concepts are between 3 and 3.5 percentage points. The results are also compared with results of similar studies reported in literature. The AMTEC-TE cascade has the largest potential, however, development of both AMTEC and TE components would be required. The second best option from the efficiency point of view is the TE bottoming with additional heat recovery which would require development of only the TE component. Despite that fact that AMTEC is generally perceived as more efficient than thermoelectrics, efficiencies of the considered AMTEC and TE bottoming cycles are almost equal. The reason is that the somewhat more efficient AMTEC requires relatively high hot side temperature ({gt}850--900 K) and, at the same time, air has to be preheated to 973 K. (This is equally true for a high efficiency TE converter operating at the highest hot side to cold side temperature difference possible). As a result, only a small fraction ({lt}30 %) of the total heat available is directed to the bottoming cycle where it is converted with relatively high efficiency. When a TE converter operating in a wider hot side temperature range, but at a smaller hot side--cold side temperature difference is employed, its lower efficiency is offset by its larger thermal power and the overall bottoming cycle efficiency changes insignificantly.« less

Non-destructive Analysis Reveals Effect of Installation Details on Plywood Siding Performance

Treesearch

Christopher G. Hunt; Gregory T. Schueneman; Steven Lacher; Xiping Wang; R. Sam Williams

2015-01-01

This study evaluated the influence of a variety of construction techniques on the performance of plywood siding and the applied paint, using both ultrasound and conventional visual inspection techniques. The impact of bottom edge contact, flashing vs. caulking board ends, priming the bottom edge, location (Wisconsin vs. Mississippi) and a gap behind the siding to...

33 CFR 164.15 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... obscured by more than the lesser of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10... the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on the other side of the... of vision must extend over an arc from at least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead...

33 CFR 164.15 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... obscured by more than the lesser of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10... the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on the other side of the... of vision must extend over an arc from at least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead...

33 CFR 164.15 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... obscured by more than the lesser of two ship lengths or 500 meters (1640 feet) from dead ahead to 10... the vessel, through dead ahead, to at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on the other side of the... of vision must extend over an arc from at least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead...

33 CFR 164.15 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

.... ports must be such that the field of vision from the navigation bridge conforms as closely as possible... horizontal field of vision must extend over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of... of vision must extend over an arc from at least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead...

33 CFR 164.15 - Navigation bridge visibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

.... ports must be such that the field of vision from the navigation bridge conforms as closely as possible... horizontal field of vision must extend over an arc from at least 22.5 degrees abaft the beam on one side of... of vision must extend over an arc from at least 45 degrees on the opposite bow, through dead ahead...

46 CFR 131.855 - Lifeboats and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Lifeboats and rescue boats. 131.855 Section 131.855... Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.855 Lifeboats and rescue boats. (a) The following must be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow of each lifeboat and rescue boat in block...

46 CFR 131.855 - Lifeboats and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Lifeboats and rescue boats. 131.855 Section 131.855... Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.855 Lifeboats and rescue boats. (a) The following must be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow of each lifeboat and rescue boat in block...

46 CFR 131.855 - Lifeboats and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Lifeboats and rescue boats. 131.855 Section 131.855... Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.855 Lifeboats and rescue boats. (a) The following must be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow of each lifeboat and rescue boat in block...

46 CFR 131.855 - Lifeboats and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Lifeboats and rescue boats. 131.855 Section 131.855... Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.855 Lifeboats and rescue boats. (a) The following must be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow of each lifeboat and rescue boat in block...

46 CFR 131.855 - Lifeboats and rescue boats.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Lifeboats and rescue boats. 131.855 Section 131.855... Markings for Fire Equipment and Emergency Equipment § 131.855 Lifeboats and rescue boats. (a) The following must be plainly marked or painted on each side of the bow of each lifeboat and rescue boat in block...

22. Bosun's locker from port side, washing machine, and bottom ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Bosun's locker from port side, washing machine, and bottom of ladder to buoy deck. - U.S. Coast Guard Cutter WHITE SUMAC, U.S. Coast Guard 8th District Base, 4640 Urquhart Street, New Orleans, Orleans Parish, LA

Electromechanical acoustic liner

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sheplak, Mark (Inventor); Cattafesta, III, Louis N. (Inventor); Nishida, Toshikazu (Inventor); Horowitz, Stephen Brian (Inventor)

2007-01-01

A multi-resonator-based system responsive to acoustic waves includes at least two resonators, each including a bottom plate, side walls secured to the bottom plate, and a top plate disposed on top of the side walls. The top plate includes an orifice so that a portion of an incident acoustical wave compresses gas in the resonators. The bottom plate or the side walls include at least one compliant portion. A reciprocal electromechanical transducer coupled to the compliant portion of each of the resonators forms a first and second transducer/compliant composite. An electrical network is disposed between the reciprocal electromechanical transducer of the first and second resonator.

5. View of middle DR 2 antenna with DR 1 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. View of middle DR 2 antenna with DR 1 antenna in background. Photograph shows on left side at bottom foundation berm and along right side bottom stanchion concrete foundations at bottom structural steel assembly. - Clear Air Force Station, Ballistic Missile Early Warning System Site II, One mile west of mile marker 293.5 on Parks Highway, 5 miles southwest of Anderson, Anderson, Denali Borough, AK

Tank Tests of NACA Model 40 Series of Hulls for Small Flying Boats and Amphibians

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parkinson, John B; Dawson, John R

1937-01-01

The NACA model 40 series of flying-boat hull models consists of 2 forebodies and 3 afterbodies combined to provide several forms suitable for use in small marine aircraft. One forebody is the usual form with hollow bow sections and the other has a bottom surface that is completely developable from bow to step. The afterbodies include a short pointed afterbody with an extension for the tail surfaces, a long afterbody similar to that of a seaplane float but long enough to carry the tail surfaces, and a third obtained by fitting a second step in the latter afterbody. The various combinations were tested in the NACA Tank by the general method over a suitable range of loadings. Fixed-trim tests were made for all speeds likely to be used and free-to-trim tests were made at low speeds to slightly beyond the hump speed. The characteristics of the hulls at best trim angles have been deduced from the data of the tests at fixed trim angles and are given in the form of nondimensional coefficients applicable to any size hull.

Plasma observations at venus with galileo.

PubMed

Frank, L A; Paterson, W R; Ackerson, K L; Coroniti, F V; Vasyliunas, V M

1991-09-27

Plasma measurements were obtained with the Galileo spacecraft during an approximately 3.5-hour interval in the vicinity of Venus on 10 February 1990. Several crossings of the bow shock in the local dawn sector were recorded before the spacecraft passed into the solar wind upstream from this planet. Although observations of ions of the solar wind and the postshock magnetosheath plasmas were not possible owing to the presence of a sunshade for thermal protection of the instrument, solar wind densities and bulk speeds were determined from the electron velocity distributions. A magnetic field-aligned distribution of hotter electrons or ;;strahl'' was also found in the solar wind. Ions streaming into the solar wind from the bow shock were detected. Electron heating at the bow shock,

Hypersonic Flow over a Cylinder with a Nanosecond Pulse Electrical Discharge

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

which found the uncertainty in freestream conditions accounted for a 3% variation in bow shock location, but no other factors, including rarefaction ...The curves were Flow X Y Z dρ/dx 200 100 Ring of Polyimide Tape (approx. 0.15 mm thick) a) Side-view Flow Shock Y X Z d /dx 200 100 b) Top-down view

Anomalous flow deflection at earth's low-Alfvén-Mach-Number bow shock.

PubMed

Nishino, Masaki N; Fujimoto, Masaki; Phan, Tai-Duc; Mukai, Toshifumi; Saito, Yoshifumi; Kuznetsova, Masha M; Rastätter, Lutz

2008-08-08

Earth's magnetosphere is an obstacle to the supersonic solar wind and the bow shock is formed in the front side of it. In ordinary hydrodynamics, the flow decelerated at the shock is diverted around the obstacle symmetrically about the Earth-Sun line, which is indeed observed in the magnetosheath most of the time. Here we show a case under a very low-density solar wind in which duskward flow was observed in the dawnside magnetosheath. A Rankine-Hugoniot test shows that the magnetic effect is crucial for this "wrong flow" to appear. A full three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) simulation of the situation confirming this interpretation and earlier simulations is also performed. It is illustrated that in addition to the "wrong flow" feature, various peculiar characteristics appear in the global picture of the MHD flow interaction with the obstacle.

Localized surface plasmon resonance of nanotriangle dimers at different relative positions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ren, Yatao; Qi, Hong; Chen, Qin; Wang, Shenling; Ruan, Liming

2017-09-01

The investigation of nanoparticle's optical properties is crucial for their biological and therapeutic applications. In the present work, a promising type of gold nanoparticle, the triangular prism which was reported to have multipolar surface plasmon peaks, was studied. The Plasmon ruler effect of nanotriangle dimers was observed and investigated for the first time. Well-defined trends of the extinction spectra maxima, which have a linear correlation with the triangle edge length, for lower order extinction corresponding to in-plane mode, were observed. On this basis, the optical property of nanotriangle dimers with different arrangements, including two nanotriangles aligned side-by-side, bottom-to-bottom, and in line, were studied. For the side-by-side arrangement, an additional peak was generated on the red shift side of the peak corresponding to dipole mode. When the distance between two prisms was scaled by the triangular side length, the relative plasmon shift can be approximated as an exponential function of the relative offset distance. Moreover, for dimers with nanotriangles arranged in line, there was a global blue shift of the extinction spectra with the approaching of two particles, including the higher order mode extinction. An interesting phenomenon was found for dimers with two nanotriangles aligned bottom-to-bottom. The resonance band split into two bands with the decreasing of the offset distance.

Quantitative 3D model of light transmittance through translucent rocks applied to the hypolithic microbial community.

PubMed

Jolitz, Rebecca D; McKay, Christopher P

2013-07-01

In extreme desert environments, photosynthetic microorganisms often live on the buried undersides of translucent rocks. Computing the light level reaching these locations requires 3D modeling of a finite rock. We report on Monte Carlo calculations of skylight and sunlight transmission through a partially buried flat cylindrical rock using one billion photons per simulation. Transmitted light level drops inversely with increasing rock opacity, as expected for purely scattering media. For a half-buried rock with an extinction coefficient of 0.1 cm(-1) (opacity of 0.2), transmission at the bottom is 64 % for sunlight at a solar zenith angle of 60° and 82 % for skylight. Transmitted light level increases slowly with increasing scattering asymmetry factor of the rock independent of illumination or depth buried. Transmitted sunlight at zenith through a thick half-buried rock (opacity of 0.6) is six times brighter at the bottom than the subsurface sides. Skylight transmits equally to the subsurface sides and bottom. When the sun is not straight overhead, the sunward side of the rock is brighter than the underside of the rock. Compared to the sunlight transmitted to the bottom, transmitted sunlight inclined at 60° is 24 times brighter at the subsurface side towards the sun and 14 times brighter at the subsurface side 70° away from the sun. Transmitted sunlight emitted from zenith and skylight is uniformly bright at the bottom regardless of how deeply the rock is buried. Sunlight not at zenith transmits preferentially to the sunward bottom edge depending on the depth the rock is buried.

TUBEWALL: a passive solar thermo-siphoning, field-fabricated, water storage wall system

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Moore, F.; Hemker, P.

1980-01-01

The basic component of TUBEWALL is a water-filled thin-wall cylindrical tube with an insulating foam vertical partition insert that divides the inside of the tube into a thin collector water compartment (solar side) and a larger storage water compartment (room side). The two compartments are connected at the top and bottom by means of circulation holes in the foam partition. When the sun strikes the solar side of the tube, the thin layer of collector water is heated, thermosiphons through the top opening in the partition into the larger storage compartment on the room side, and is replaced with coolmore » water drawn from the bottom of the storage through the bottom hole in the partition. Night back-siphonage is prevented by a thin flap valve over the top circulation hole. The tubes may by used between wall studs having a low-cost fiberglass/tedlar double glazing. The tubes can be covered on the room side with drywall and heat transferred to the living space by indirect radiation, and either natural air convection through top and bottom vent slots or by fan. Alternatively, the tubes can be left exposed for direct radiation.« less

Apparatus for transporting hazardous materials

DOEpatents

Osterman, Robert A.; Cox, Robert

1992-01-01

An apparatus and method are provided for selectively receiving, transporting, and releasing one or more radioactive or other hazardous samples for analysis on a differential thermal analysis (DTA) apparatus. The apparatus includes a portable sample transporting apparatus for storing and transporting the samples and includes a support assembly for supporting the transporting apparatus when a sample is transferred to the DTA apparatus. The transporting apparatus includes a storage member which includes a plurality of storage chambers arrayed circumferentially with respect to a central axis. An adjustable top door is located on the top side of the storage member, and the top door includes a channel capable of being selectively placed in registration with the respective storage chambers thereby permitting the samples to selectively enter the respective storage chambers. The top door, when closed, isolates the respective samples within the storage chambers. A plurality of spring-biased bottom doors are located on the bottom sides of the respective storage chambers. The bottom doors isolate the samples in the respective storage chambers when the bottom doors are in the closed position. The bottom doors permit the samples to leave the respective storage chambers from the bottom side when the respective bottom doors are in respective open positions. The bottom doors permit the samples to be loaded into the respective storage chambers after the analysis for storage and transport to a permanent storage location.

PIV Measurements on a Blowing Flap

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutcheson, Florence V.; Stead, Daniel J.

2004-01-01

PIV measurements of the flow in the region of a flap side edge are presented for several blowing flap configurations. The test model is a NACA 63(sub 2)-215 Hicks Mod-B main-element airfoil with a half-span Fowler flap. Air is blown from small slots located along the flap side edge on either the top, bottom or side surfaces. The test set up is described and flow measurements for a baseline and three blowing flap configurations are presented. The effects that the flap tip jets have on the structure of the flap side edge flow are discussed for each of the flap configurations tested. The results indicate that blowing air from a slot located along the top surface of the flap greatly weakened the top vortex system and pushed it further off the top surface. Blowing from the bottom flap surface kept the strong side vortex further outboard while blowing from the side surface only strengthened the vortex system or accelerated the merging of the side vortex to the flap top surface. It is concluded that blowing from the top or bottom surfaces of the flap may lead to a reduction of flap side edge noise.

MMS Observations of Reconnection at Dayside Magnetopause Crossings During Transitions of the Solar Wind to Sub-Alfvenic Flow

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Farrugia, C. J.; Lugaz, N.; Alm, L.; Vasquez, B. J.; Argall, M. R.; Kucharek, H.; Matsui, H.; Torbert, R. B.; Lavraud, B.; Le Contel, O.; Shuster, J. R.; Burch, J. L.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Giles, B. L.; Fuselier, S. A.; Gershman, D. J.; Ergun, R.; Eastwood, J. P.; Cohen, I. J.; Dorelli, J.; Lindqvist, P. A.; Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C. T.; Marklund, G. T.; Paulson, K.; Petrinec, S.; Phan, T.; Pollock, C.

2017-12-01

We present MMS) observations during two dayside magnetopause crossingsunder hitherto unexamined conditions: (i) when the bow shock is weakening and the solar wind transitioning to sub-Alfvenic flow, and (ii) when it is reforming. Interplanetary conditions consist of a magnetic cloud with (i) a strong B ( 20 nT) pointing south, and (ii) a density profile with episodic decreases to values of 0.3 /cc followed by moderate recovery. During the crossings he magnetosheath magnetic field is stronger than the magnetosphere field by a factor of 2.2. As a result, during the outbound crossing through the ion diffusion region, MMS observed an inversion of relative positions of the X and stagnation (S) lines from that typically the case: the S line was closer to the magnetosheath side. The S-line appears in the form of a slow expansion fan near which most of the energy dissipation is taking place. While in the magnetosphere between the crossings, MMS observed strong field and flow perturbations, which we argue to be due kinetic Alfvén waves.During the reconnection interval, whistler mode waves generated by an electron temperature anisotropy (Tperp>Tpar) were observed. Another aim of the paper isto distinguish bow shock-induced field and flow perturbations from reconnection-related signatures.The high resolution MMS data together with 2D hybrid simulations of bow shock dynamics helped us to distinguish between the two sources. We show examples of bow shock-related effects (such as heating) and reconnection effects such as accelerated flows satisfying the Walen relation.

Integral Textile Structure for 3-D CMC Turbine Airfoils

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marshall, David B. (Inventor); Cox, Brian N. (Inventor); Sudre, Olivier H. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

An integral textile structure for 3-D CMC turbine airfoils includes top and bottom walls made from an angle-interlock weave, each of the walls comprising warp and weft fiber tows. The top and bottom walls are merged on a first side parallel to the warp fiber tows into a single wall along a portion of their widths, with the weft fiber tows making up the single wall interlocked through the wall's thickness such that delamination of the wall is inhibited. The single wall suitably forms the trailing edge of an airfoil; the top and bottom walls are preferably joined along a second side opposite the first side and parallel to the radial fiber tows by a continuously curved section in which the weave structure remains continuous with the weave structure in the top and bottom walls, the continuously curved section being the leading edge of the airfoil.

A clinico-radiographic analysis of sagittal condylar guidance determined by protrusive interocclusal registration and panoramic radiographic images in humans

PubMed Central

Prasad, Krishna D.; Shah, Namrata; Hegde, Chethan

2012-01-01

Purpose: To evaluate the correlation between sagittal condylar guidance obtained by protrusive interocclusal records and panoramic radiograph tracing methods in human dentulous subjects. Materials and Methods: The sagittal condylar guidance was determined in 75 dentulous subjects by protrusive interocclusal records using Aluwax through a face bow transfer (HANAU™ Spring Bow, Whip Mix Corporation, USA) to a semi-adjustable articulator (HANAU™ Wide-Vue Articulator, Whip Mix Corporation, USA). In the same subjects, the sagittal outline of the articular eminence and glenoid fossa was traced in panoramic radiographs. The sagittal condylar path inclination was constructed by joining the heights of curvature in the glenoid fossa and the corresponding articular eminence. This was then related to the constructed Frankfurt's horizontal plane to determine the radiographic angle of sagittal condylar guidance. Results: A strong positive correlation existed between right and left condylar guidance by the protrusive interocclusal method (P 0.000) and similarly by the radiographic method (P 0.013). The mean difference between the condylar guidance obtained using both methods were 1.97° for the right side and 3.18° for the left side. This difference between the values by the two methods was found to be highly significant for the right (P 0.003) and left side (P 0.000), respectively. The sagittal condylar guidance obtained from both methods showed a significant positive correlation on right (P 0.000) and left side (P 0.015), respectively. Conclusion: Panoramic radiographic tracings of the sagittal condylar path guidance may be made relative to the Frankfurt's horizontal reference plane and the resulting condylar guidance angles used to set the condylar guide settings of semi-adjustable articulators. PMID:23633793

General view of the "bottom" side of the Orbiter Discovery ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

General view of the "bottom" side of the Orbiter Discovery as it is being hoisted in a vertical position in the transfer aisle of the Vehicle Assembly Building at Kennedy Space Center - Space Transportation System, Orbiter Discovery (OV-103), Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center, 2101 NASA Parkway, Houston, Harris County, TX

Method and apparatus for constructing an underground barrier wall structure

DOEpatents

Dwyer, Brian P.; Stewart, Willis E.; Dwyer, Stephen F.

2002-01-01

A method and apparatus for constructing a underground barrier wall structure using a jet grout injector subassembly comprising a pair of primary nozzles and a plurality of secondary nozzles, the secondary nozzles having a smaller diameter than the primary nozzles, for injecting grout in directions other than the primary direction, which creates a barrier wall panel having a substantially uniform wall thickess. This invention addresses the problem of the weak "bow-tie" shape that is formed during conventional jet injection when using only a pair of primary nozzles. The improvement is accomplished by using at least four secondary nozzles, of smaller diameter, located on both sides of the primary nozzles. These additional secondary nozzles spray grout or permeable reactive materials in other directions optimized to fill in the thin regions of the bow-tie shape. The result is a panel with increased strength and substantially uniform wall thickness.

Multi-dimensional dynamics of stimulated Brillouin scattering in a laser speckle: Ion acoustic wave bowing, breakup, and laser-seeded two-ion-wave decay

DOE PAGES

Albright, B. J.; Yin, L.; Bowers, K. J.; ...

2016-03-04

Two- and three-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations of stimulated Brillouin scattering(SBS) in laser speckle geometry have been analyzed to evaluate the relative importance of competing nonlinear processes in the evolution and saturation of SBS. It is found that ion-trapping-induced wavefront bowing and breakup of ion acoustic waves(IAW) and the associated side-loss of trapped ions dominate electron-trapping-induced IAW wavefront bowing and breakup, as well as the two-ion-wave decay instability over a range of ZT e/T i conditions and incident laser intensities. In the simulations, the latter instability does not govern the nonlinear saturation of SBS; however, evidence of two-ion-wave decay is seen, appearingmore » as a modulation of the ion acoustic wavefronts. This modulation is periodic in the laser polarization plane, anti-symmetric across the speckle axis, and of a wavenumber matching that of the incident laser pulse. Furthermore, a simple analytic model is provided for how spatial “imprinting” from a high frequency inhomogeneity (in this case, the density modulation from the laser) in an unstable system with continuum eigenmodes can selectively amplify modes with wavenumbers that match that of the inhomogeneity.« less

Reduction of Flap Side Edge Noise - the Blowing Flap

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutcheson, Florence V.; Brooks, THomas F.

2005-01-01

A technique to reduce the noise radiating from a wing-flap side edge is being developed. As an airplane wing with an extended flap is exposed to a subsonic airflow, air is blown outward through thin rectangular chord-wise slots at various locations along the side edges and side surface of the flap to weaken and push away the vortices that originate in that region of the flap and are responsible for important noise emissions. Air is blown through the slots at up to twice the local flow velocity. The blowing is done using one or multiple slots, where a slot is located along the top, bottom or side surface of the flap along the side edge, or also along the intersection of the bottom (or top) and side surfaces.

Mapping the electromagnetic field confinement in the gap of germanium nanoantennas with plasma wavelength of 4.5 micrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Calandrini, Eugenio; Venanzi, Tommaso; Appugliese, Felice; Badioli, Michela; Giliberti, Valeria; Baldassarre, Leonetta; Biagioni, Paolo; De Angelis, Francesco; Klesse, Wolfgang M.; Scappucci, Giordano; Ortolani, Michele

2016-09-01

We study plasmonic nanoantennas for molecular sensing in the mid-infrared made of heavily doped germanium, epitaxially grown with a bottom-up doping process and featuring free carrier density in excess of 1020 cm-3. The dielectric function of the 250 nm thick germanium film is determined, and bow-tie antennas are designed, fabricated, and embedded in a polymer. By using a near-field photoexpansion mapping technique at λ = 5.8 μm, we demonstrate the existence in the antenna gap of an electromagnetic energy density hotspot of diameter below 100 nm and confinement volume 105 times smaller than λ3.

An investigation of the effects of touchpad location within a notebook computer.

PubMed

Kelaher, D; Nay, T; Lawrence, B; Lamar, S; Sommerich, C M

2001-02-01

This study evaluated effects of the location of a notebook computer's integrated touchpad, complimenting previous work in the area of desktop mouse location effects. Most often integrated touchpads are located in the computer's wrist rest, and centered on the keyboard. This study characterized effects of this bottom center location and four alternatives (top center, top right, right side, and bottom right) upon upper extremity posture, discomfort, preference, and performance. Touchpad location was found to significantly impact each of those measures. The top center location was particularly poor, in that it elicited more ulnar deviation, more shoulder flexion, more discomfort, and perceptions of performance impedance. In general, the bottom center, bottom right, and right side locations fared better, though subjects' wrists were more extended in the bottom locations. Suggestions for notebook computer design are provided.

Model Prediction Results for 2007 Ultrasonic Benchmark Problems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Hak-Joon; Song, Sung-Jin

2008-02-01

The World Federation of NDE Centers (WFNDEC) has addressed two types of problems for the 2007 ultrasonic benchmark problems: prediction of side-drilled hole responses with 45° and 60° refracted shear waves, and effects of surface curvatures on the ultrasonic responses of flat-bottomed hole. To solve this year's ultrasonic benchmark problems, we applied multi-Gaussian beam models for calculation of ultrasonic beam fields and the Kirchhoff approximation and the separation of variables method for calculation of far-field scattering amplitudes of flat-bottomed holes and side-drilled holes respectively In this paper, we present comparison results of model predictions to experiments for side-drilled holes and discuss effect of interface curvatures on ultrasonic responses by comparison of peak-to-peak amplitudes of flat-bottomed hole responses with different sizes and interface curvatures.

High density protein crystal growth

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rouleau, Robyn (Inventor); Hedden, Douglas Keith (Inventor); Delucas, Lawrence (Inventor)

2004-01-01

A protein crystal growth assembly including a crystal growth cell and further including a cell body having a top side and a bottom side and a first aperture defined therethrough, the cell body having opposing first and second sides and a second aperture defined therethrough. A cell barrel is disposed within the cell body, the cell barrel defining a cavity alignable with the first aperture of the cell body, the cell barrel being rotatable within the second aperture. A reservoir is coupled to the bottom side of the cell body and a cap having a top side is disposed on the top side of the cell body. The protein crystal growth assembly may be employed in methods including vapor diffusion crystallization, liquid to liquid crystallization, batch crystallization, and temperature induction batch mode crystallization.

Variations of the ionospheric parameters and vertical electron density distribution at the northern edge of the EIA from 2010 to 2015 along 95°E and comparison with the IRI-2012

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kalita, Bitap Raj; Bhuyan, Pradip Kumar

2017-07-01

The vertical electron density profiles over Dibrugarh (27.5°N, 95°E, 43° dip) a low mid latitude station normally located at the northern edge of the EIA for the period of July 2010 till October 2015 are constructed from the measured bottom side profiles and ionosonde-GPS TEC assisted Topside Sounder Model (TSM) topside profiles. The bottom side density profiles are obtained by using POLAN on the manually scaled ionograms. The topside is constructed by the modified ionosonde assisted TSM model (TaP-TSM assisted by POLAN) which is integrated with POLAN for the first time. The reconstructed vertical profile is compared with the IRI predicted density profile and the electron density profile obtained from the COSMIC/FORMOSAT radio occultation measurements over Dibrugarh. The bottom side density profiles are fitted to the IRI bottom side function to obtain best-fit bottom side thickness parameter B0 and shape parameter B1. The temporal and solar activity variation of the B-parameters over Dibrugarh are investigated and compared to those predicted by IRI-2012 model with ABT-2009 option. The bottom side thickness parameter B0 predicted by the IRI model is found to be similar to the B0 measured over Dibrugarh in the night time and the forenoon hours. Differences are observed in the early morning and the afternoon period. The IRI doesn't reproduce the morning collapse of B0 and overestimates the B0 over Dibrugarh in the afternoon period, particularly in summer and equinox. The IRI model predictions are closest to the measured B0 in the winter of low solar activity. The B0 over Dibrugarh is found to increase by about 15% with solar activity during the period of study encompassing almost the first half of solar cycle 24 but solar activity effect was not observed in the B1 parameter. The topside profile obtained from TaP profiler is thicker than the IRI topside in equinox from afternoon to sunrise period but is similar to the IRI in summer daytime. The differences in the bottom side may be attributed to the non-inclusion of ground measurements from 90°E to 100°E longitude in the ABT-2009 model while differences in the topside could be due the non-uniform longitudinal distribution of topside sounder profiles data and the stronger fountain effect in this longitude.

Nuclear reactor construction with bottom supported reactor vessel

DOEpatents

Sharbaugh, John E.

1987-01-01

An improved liquid metal nuclear reactor construction has a reactor core and a generally cylindrical reactor vessel for holding a large pool of low pressure liquid metal coolant and housing the core within the pool. The reactor vessel has an open top end, a closed flat bottom end wall and a continuous cylindrical closed side wall interconnecting the top end and bottom end wall. The reactor also has a generally cylindrical concrete containment structure surrounding the reactor vessel and being formed by a cylindrical side wall spaced outwardly from the reactor vessel side wall and a flat base mat spaced below the reactor vessel bottom end wall. A central support pedestal is anchored to the containment structure base mat and extends upwardly therefrom to the reactor vessel and upwardly therefrom to the reactor core so as to support the bottom end wall of the reactor vessel and the lower end of the reactor core in spaced apart relationship above the containment structure base mat. Also, an annular reinforced support structure is disposed in the reactor vessel on the bottom end wall thereof and extends about the lower end of the core so as to support the periphery thereof. In addition, an annular support ring having a plurality of inward radially extending linear members is disposed between the containment structure base mat and the bottom end of the reactor vessel wall and is connected to and supports the reactor vessel at its bottom end on the containment structure base mat so as to allow the reactor vessel to expand radially but substantially prevent any lateral motions that might be imposed by the occurrence of a seismic event. The reactor construction also includes a bed of insulating material in sand-like granular form, preferably being high density magnesium oxide particles, disposed between the containment structure base mat and the bottom end wall of the reactor vessel and uniformly supporting the reactor vessel at its bottom end wall on the containment structure base mat so as to insulate the reactor vessel bottom end wall from the containment structure base mat and allow the reactor vessel bottom end wall to freely expand as it heats up while providing continuous support thereof. Further, a deck is supported upon the side wall of the containment structure above the top open end of the reactor vessel, and a plurality of serially connected extendible and retractable annular bellows extend between the deck and the top open end of the reactor vessel and flexibly and sealably interconnect the reactor vessel at its top end to the deck. An annular guide ring is disposed on the containment structure and extends between its side wall and the top open end of the reactor vessel for providing lateral support of the reactor vessel top open end by limiting imposition of lateral loads on the annular bellows by the occurrence of a lateral seismic event.

Reduction of Unsteady Forcing in a Vaned, Contra-Rotating Transonic Turbine Configuration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clark, John

2010-01-01

HPT blade unsteadiness in the presence of a downstream vane consistent with contra-rotation is characterized by strong interaction at the first harmonic of downstream vane passing. E An existing stage-and-one-half transonic turbine rig design was used as a baseline to investigate means of reducing such a blade-vane interaction. E Methods assessed included: Aerodynamic shaping of HPT blades 3D stacking of the downstream vane Steady pressure-side blowing E Of the methods assessed, a combination of vane bowing and steady pressure-side blowing produced the most favorable result. E Transonic turbine experiments are planned to assess predictive accuracy for the baseline turbine and any design improvements.

One-month validation of the Space Weather Modeling Framework geospace model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haiducek, J. D.; Welling, D. T.; Ganushkina, N. Y.; Morley, S.; Ozturk, D. S.

2017-12-01

The Space Weather Modeling Framework (SWMF) geospace model consists of a magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) simulation coupled to an inner magnetosphere model and an ionosphere model. This provides a predictive capability for magnetopsheric dynamics, including ground-based and space-based magnetic fields, geomagnetic indices, currents and densities throughout the magnetosphere, cross-polar cap potential, and magnetopause and bow shock locations. The only inputs are solar wind parameters and F10.7 radio flux. We have conducted a rigorous validation effort consisting of a continuous simulation covering the month of January, 2005 using three different model configurations. This provides a relatively large dataset for assessment of the model's predictive capabilities. We find that the model does an excellent job of predicting the Sym-H index, and performs well at predicting Kp and CPCP during active times. Dayside magnetopause and bow shock positions are also well predicted. The model tends to over-predict Kp and CPCP during quiet times and under-predicts the magnitude of AL during disturbances. The model under-predicts the magnitude of night-side geosynchronous Bz, and over-predicts the radial distance to the flank magnetopause and bow shock. This suggests that the model over-predicts stretching of the magnetotail and the overall size of the magnetotail. With the exception of the AL index and the nightside geosynchronous magnetic field, we find the results to be insensitive to grid resolution.

THE SPINDLE: AN IRRADIATED DISK AND BENT PROTOSTELLAR JET IN ORION

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bally, John; Youngblood, Allison; Ginsburg, Adam, E-mail: John.Bally@colorado.edu, E-mail: Allison.Youngblood@colorado.edu, E-mail: Adam.Ginsburg@colorado.edu

2012-09-10

We present Hubble Space Telescope observations of a bent, pulsed Herbig-Haro jet, HH 1064, emerging from the young star Parenago 2042 embedded in the H II region NGC 1977 located about 30' north of the Orion Nebula. This outflow contains eight bow shocks in the redshifted western lobe and five bow shocks in the blueshifted eastern lobe. Shocks within a few thousand AU of the source star exhibit proper motions of {approx}160 km s{sup -1} but motions decrease with increasing distance. Parenago 2042 is embedded in a proplyd-a photoevaporating protoplanetary disk. A remarkable set of H{alpha} arcs resembling a spindlemore » surround the redshifted (western) jet. The largest arc with a radius of 500 AU may trace the ionized edge of a circumstellar disk inclined by {approx}30 Degree-Sign . The spindle may be the photoionized edge of either a {approx}3 km s{sup -1} FUV-driven wind from the outer disk or a faster MHD-powered flow from an inner disk. The HH 1064 jet appears to be deflected north by photoablation of the south-facing side of a mostly neutral jet beam. V2412 Ori, located 1' west of Parenago 2042 drives a second bent flow, HH 1065. Both HH 1064 and 1065 are surrounded by LL Ori-type bows marking the boundary between the outflow cavity and the surrounding nebula.« less

Efficacy Study of a Fully Implanted Neuroprosthesis for Functional Benefit to Individuals with Tetraplegia

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-10-01

platysma muscle (top red) and trapezius muscle (bottom blue). Bottom Clamshell Side View Cooled water flows through tubing Rubber Tubing Plastic...Enclosure Top View Top Clamshell Top View Side View Top View Cooled water flows through tubing Rubber Tubing Plastic Enclosure Figure 3. Descriptive...typical of the uptake of implanted neuromodulation devices [e.g. cochlear implants, bladder implants, hand neuroprosthesis]. This approach maximizes

An Overview of Acoustic Detection Analysis.

DTIC Science & Technology

1983-01-01

PL(r) and NL are typically determined from publica - tions that give geographic and seasonal values for these parameters. The left-hand side of the...In Seguridad hence) 14 p., Oct 1980, AD A092 733 wiorthwstern University, Evanston, IL PP 297 - Classified PP 3o9 Bowes, Marianne, Brchling, Frank P...Siultaneous PP 36 Determination of Income and Employment in United States-- U’NeIll, Thomas, Řool ltv riels for the Na.y," I oc., Mexico Border

CALUTRON FACE PLATE

DOEpatents

Brobeck, W.M.

1959-08-25

The construction of a removable cover plate for a calutron tank is described. The plate is fabricated of a rectangular frame member to which is welded a bowed or dished plate of thin steel, reinforced with transverse stiffening ribs. When the tank is placed between the poles of a magnet, the plate may be pivoted away from the tank and magnet and is adapted to support the ion separation mechanism secured to its inner side as well as the vacuum load within the tank.

The impact on floats or hulls during landing as affected by bottom width

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mewes, E

1936-01-01

For floats and hulls having V bottoms the impact force does not necessarily increase with increasing width. Therefore, the weight of the float landing gear, side walls, and other parts, and of the fuselage construction need not be increased with increasing bottom width, but the weight of the bottom construction itself, on the other hand, does not increase with increase in bottom width and is largely determined by the type of construction.

Noise Reduction of Aircraft Flap

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hutcheson, Florence V. (Inventor); Brooks, Thomas F. (Inventor)

2009-01-01

A reduction in noise radiating from a side of a deployed aircraft flap is achieved by locating a slot adjacent the side of the flap, and then forcing air out through the slot with a suitable mechanism. One, two or even three or more slots are possible, where the slot is located at one;or more locations selected from a group of locations comprising a top surface of the flap, a bottom surface of the flap, an intersection of the top and side surface of the flap, an intersection of the bottom and side surfaces of the flap, and a side surface of the flap. In at least one embodiment the slot is substantially rectangular. A device for adjusting a rate of the air forced out through the slot can also be provided.

The solar wind structure that caused a large-scale disturbance of the plasma tail of comet Austin

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kozuka, Yukio; Konno, Ichishiro; Saito, Takao; Numazawa, Shigemi

1992-01-01

The plasma tail of Comet Austin (1989c1) showed remarkable disturbances because of the solar maximum periods and its orbit. Figure 1 shows photographs of Comet Austin taken in Shibata, Japan, on 29 Apr. 1990 UT, during about 20 minutes with the exposure times of 90 to 120 s. There are two main features in the disturbance; one is many bowed structures, which seem to move tailwards; and the other is a large-scale wavy structure. The bowed structures can be interpreted as arcade structures brushing the surface of both sides of the cometary plasma surrounding the nucleus. We identified thirteen structures of the arcades from each of the five photographs and calculated the relation between the distance of each structure from the cometary nucleus, chi, and the velocity, upsilon. The result is shown. This indicates that the velocity of the structures increases with distance. This is consistent with the result obtained from the observation at the Kiso Observatory.

Underwater laser weld bowing distortion behavior and mechanism of thin 304 stainless steel plates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, ZunYue; Luo, Zhen; Ao, Sansan; Cai, YangChuan

2018-10-01

Underwater laser weld bowing distortion behavior and mechanism of thin 304 stainless steel plates are studied in the paper. The influence of underwater laser welding parameters (such as laser power, welding speed, defocusing distance and gas flow rate) on weld bowing distortion was investigated through central composite rotatable design and an orthogonal test. A quadratic response model was established to evaluate the underwater laser weld bowing distortion by central composite rotatable design and the order of the impacts of the welding parameters on weld bowing distortion was studied by an orthogonal test. The weld bowing distortion after welding was determined by the digital image correlation technique. The weld bowing distortion of in-air laser welding and underwater laser welding were compared and it revealed that the shape of the in-air and underwater laser welded specimens are the same, but the weld bowing distortion amount of in-air welding is larger than that of underwater welding. Weld bowing distortion mechanism was studied by the digital image correlation technique, and it was demonstrated that weld bowing distortion is associated with the welding plate temperature gradient during laser welding. The wider weld width also resulted in larger weld bowing distortion.

A Novel Design of Circular Edge Bow-Tie Nano Antenna for Energy Harvesting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Haque, Ahasanul; Reza, Ahmed Wasif; Kumar, Narendra

2015-11-01

In this study, a novel nano antenna is designed in order to convert the high frequency solar energy, thermal energy or earth re-emitted sun's energy into electricity. The proposed antenna is gold printed on a SiO2 layer, designed as a circular edge bow-tie with a ground plane at the bottom of the substrate. The Lorentz-Drude model is used to analyze the behavior of gold at the infrared band of frequencies. The proposed antenna is designed by 3D-electromagnetic solver, and analyzed for optimization of metal thickness, gap size, and antenna's geometrical length. Simulations are conducted in order to investigate the behavior of the antenna illuminated by the circularly polarized plane wave. The numerical simulations are studied for improving the harvesting E-field of the antenna within 5 THz-40 THz frequency range. The proposed antenna offers multiple resonance frequency and better return loss within the frequency bands of 23.2 THz to 27 THz (bandwidth 3.8 THz) and 31 THz to 35.9 THz (bandwidth 4.9 THz). An output electric field of 0.656 V/µm is simulated at 25.3 THz. The best fitted gap size at the feed point is achieved as 50 nm with the substrate thickness of 1.2 µm.

Study on collision resistance characteristics of the side tanks with water inside

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Yuxi; Hu, Jinwen; Liu, Ting; Wu, Can

2018-05-01

When we evaluate the safety performance of ships against external events, one of the most important indicator is the collision resistance to which water inside the side tanks also make some contributions because of the water effect. To further analyze the interaction mechanism, different collision velocities and side tank waterlines are set for the analysis model. Results indicate the outside shell and the inner shell of the side structure significantly enhanced the collision resistance performance to a certain extension. The water effect on the failure of the outside shell is unobvious, while, it performs a great influence on the destructive reaction force of the inner shell. When the velocity of the coming bulbous bow gradually increases, the destructive reaction forces of the outside shell and the inner shell increase with a decreasing rate. Besides, water influence the collision characteristics of the inner shell a lot when the waterlines are below the upper rib of the strong frame.

Simple analytical relations for ship bow waves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noblesse, Francis; Delhommeau, G.?Rard; Guilbaud, Michel; Hendrix, Dane; Yang, Chi

Simple analytical relations for the bow wave generated by a ship in steady motion are given. Specifically, simple expressions that define the height of a ship bow wave, the distance between the ship stem and the crest of the bow wave, the rise of water at the stem, and the bow wave profile, explicitly and without calculations, in terms of the ship speed, draught, and waterline entrance angle, are given. Another result is a simple criterion that predicts, also directly and without calculations, when a ship in steady motion cannot generate a steady bow wave. This unsteady-flow criterion predicts that a ship with a sufficiently fine waterline, specifically with waterline entrance angle 2, may generate a steady bow wave at any speed. However, a ship with a fuller waterline (25E) can only generate a steady bow wave if the ship speed is higher than a critical speed, defined in terms of αE by a simple relation. No alternative criterion for predicting when a ship in steady motion does not generate a steady bow wave appears to exist. A simple expression for the height of an unsteady ship bow wave is also given. In spite of their remarkable simplicity, the relations for ship bow waves obtained in the study (using only rudimentary physical and mathematical considerations) are consistent with experimental measurements for a number of hull forms having non-bulbous wedge-shaped bows with small flare angle, and with the authors' measurements and observations for a rectangular flat plate towed at a yaw angle.

Characterization of a Louisiana Bay Bottom

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Freeman, A. M.; Roberts, H. H.

2016-02-01

This study correlates side-scan sonar and CHIRP water bottom-subbottom acoustic amplitudes with cone penetrometer data to expand the limited understanding of the geotechnical properties of sediments in coastal Louisiana's bays. Standardized analysis procedures were developed to characterize the bay bottom and shallow subsurface of the Sister Lake bay bottom. The CHIRP subbottom acoustic data provide relative amplitude information regarding reflection horizons of the bay bottom and shallow subsurface. An amplitude analysis technique was designed to identify different reflectance regions within the lake from the CHIRP subbottom profile data. This amplitude reflectivity analysis technique provides insight into the relative hardness of the bay bottom and shallow subsurface, useful in identifying areas of erosion versus deposition from storms, as well as areas suitable for cultch plants for state oyster seed grounds, or perhaps other restoration projects. Side-scan and CHIRP amplitude reflectivity results are compared to penetrometer data that quantifies geotechnical properties of surface and near-surface sediments. Initial results indicate distinct penetrometer signatures that characterize different substrate areas including soft bottom, storm-deposited silt-rich sediments, oyster cultch, and natural oyster reef areas. Although amplitude analysis of high resolution acoustic data does not directly quantify the geotechnical properties of bottom sediments, our analysis indicates a close relationship. The analysis procedures developed in this study can be applied in other dynamic coastal environments, "calibrating" the use of synoptic acoustic methods for large-scale water bottom characterization.

Gas shielding apparatus

DOEpatents

Brandt, D.

1984-06-05

An apparatus for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area.

Gas shielding apparatus

DOEpatents

Brandt, Daniel

1985-01-01

An apparatus for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area.

Facts About Derechos - Very Damaging Windstorms

Science.gov Websites

or bowed shape. The bow-shaped storms are called bow echoes.  Bow echoes typically arise when thunderstorms (typically from 40 miles to 250 miles in length) that may at times take the shape of a single bow yield vastly different outcomes --- that is, a derecho or no derecho --- depending upon how the

46 CFR 42.20-70 - Minimum bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Freeboards § 42.20-70 Minimum bow height. (a) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Minimum bow height. 42.20-70 Section 42.20-70 Shipping... less than 0.68. (b) Where the bow height required in paragraph (a) of this section is obtained by sheer...

46 CFR 42.20-70 - Minimum bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Freeboards § 42.20-70 Minimum bow height. (a) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Minimum bow height. 42.20-70 Section 42.20-70 Shipping... less than 0.68. (b) Where the bow height required in paragraph (a) of this section is obtained by sheer...

46 CFR 42.20-70 - Minimum bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Freeboards § 42.20-70 Minimum bow height. (a) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Minimum bow height. 42.20-70 Section 42.20-70 Shipping... less than 0.68. (b) Where the bow height required in paragraph (a) of this section is obtained by sheer...

46 CFR 42.20-70 - Minimum bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Freeboards § 42.20-70 Minimum bow height. (a) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Minimum bow height. 42.20-70 Section 42.20-70 Shipping... less than 0.68. (b) Where the bow height required in paragraph (a) of this section is obtained by sheer...

46 CFR 42.20-70 - Minimum bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Freeboards § 42.20-70 Minimum bow height. (a) The bow height defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Minimum bow height. 42.20-70 Section 42.20-70 Shipping... less than 0.68. (b) Where the bow height required in paragraph (a) of this section is obtained by sheer...

Coatings on reflective mask substrates

DOEpatents

Tong, William Man-Wai; Taylor, John S.; Hector, Scott D.; Mangat, Pawitter J. S.; Stivers, Alan R.; Kofron, Patrick G.; Thompson, Matthew A.

2002-01-01

A process for creating a mask substrate involving depositing: 1) a coating on one or both sides of a low thermal expansion material EUVL mask substrate to improve defect inspection, surface finishing, and defect levels; and 2) a high dielectric coating, on the backside to facilitate electrostatic chucking and to correct for any bowing caused by the stress imbalance imparted by either other deposited coatings or the multilayer coating of the mask substrate. An film, such as TaSi, may be deposited on the front side and/or back of the low thermal expansion material before the material coating to balance the stress. The low thermal expansion material with a silicon overlayer and a silicon and/or other conductive underlayer enables improved defect inspection and stress balancing.

15. VIEW DIRECTLY INTO CENTER FISH HOLD, STARBOARD SIDE. THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

15. VIEW DIRECTLY INTO CENTER FISH HOLD, STARBOARD SIDE. THE HORIZONTAL SCANTLINGS ON EACH BULKHEAD ARE 57" ABOVE THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLD. EXPERIENCE SHOWED THAT THE WEIGHT OF ICE PILED TO GREATER DEPTHS WOULD DAMAGE FISH ON THE BOTTOM OF THE HOLD. CONSEQUENTLY, MOST HOLDS ON FISHING BOATS HAVE A SHELF AT THIS HEIGHT TO PREVENT DAMAGING THE CATCH. - Auxiliary Fishing Schooner "Evelina M. Goulart", Essex Shipbuilding Museum, 66 Main Street, Essex, Essex County, MA

14 CFR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... bottom to avoid excessive local loads, using bottom pressures not less than those prescribed in paragraph...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; Cy=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... bottom to avoid excessive local loads, using bottom pressures not less than those prescribed in paragraph...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; Cy=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... bottom to avoid excessive local loads, using bottom pressures not less than those prescribed in paragraph...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; Cy=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... bottom to avoid excessive local loads, using bottom pressures not less than those prescribed in paragraph...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; Cy=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 23.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... bottom to avoid excessive local loads, using bottom pressures not less than those prescribed in paragraph...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; Cy=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

A method for evaluating the evolution of clogging: application to the Pampulha Campus infiltration system (Brazil).

PubMed

Barraud, S; Gonzalez-Merchan, C; Nascimento, N; Moura, P; Silva, A

2014-01-01

In order to evaluate the hydraulic performance of stormwater infiltration trenches, a study was undertaken to assess clogging and its distribution between the bottom and the sides. The method used was based on the calibration of the hydraulic resistance event by event according to Bouwer's model and applied to a demonstration trench in Belo-Horizonte monitored in the framework of the European Project Switch. The calibration was performed by minimizing the distance between measured and modeled infiltration flow rates and by using continuous measurements of rainfall, inflow, water temperature and depth in the trench. The study showed that the methodology and particularly Bouwer's model was able to produce satisfactory results. It revealed a significant clogging evolution within a year, with global resistance increasing by a factor of 9. A significant difference between the bottom and the sides was observed; the bottom being more rapidly prone to clogging. Sudden fluctuations of the hydraulic resistance of the bottom were found that could be explained by very high concentrations of total suspended solids from inflows (about 2,000 mg/L). Clogging of the sides evolves over the time but with a very low rate.

Investigating the Function of Play Bows in Dog and Wolf Puppies (Canis lupus familiaris, Canis lupus occidentalis).

PubMed

Byosiere, Sarah-Elizabeth; Espinosa, Julia; Marshall-Pescini, Sarah; Smuts, Barbara; Range, Friederike

2016-01-01

Animals utilize behavioral signals across a range of different contexts in order to communicate with others and produce probable behavioral outcomes. During play animals frequently adopt action patterns used in other contexts. Researchers have therefore hypothesized that play signals have evolved to clarify communicative intent. One highly stereotyped play signal is the canid play bow, but its function remains contested. In order to clarify how canid puppies use play bows, we used data on play bows in immature wolves (ages 2.7-7.8 months) and dogs (ages 2 to 5 months) to test hypotheses evaluated in a previous study of adult dogs. We found that young dogs used play bows similarly to adult dogs; play bows most often occurred after a brief pause in play followed by complementary highly active play states. However, while the relative number of play bows and total observation time was similar between dog and wolf puppies, wolves did not follow this behavioral pattern, as play bows were unsuccessful in eliciting further play activity by the partner. While some similarities for the function of play bows in dog and wolf puppies were documented, it appears that play bows may function differently in wolf puppies in regards to re-initiating play.

Simulation of the oscillation regimes of bowed bars: a non-linear modal approach

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Inácio, Octávio; Henrique, Luís.; Antunes, José

2003-06-01

It is still a challenge to properly simulate the complex stick-slip behavior of multi-degree-of-freedom systems. In the present paper we investigate the self-excited non-linear responses of bowed bars, using a time-domain modal approach, coupled with an explicit model for the frictional forces, which is able to emulate stick-slip behavior. This computational approach can provide very detailed simulations and is well suited to deal with systems presenting a dispersive behavior. The effects of the bar supporting fixture are included in the model, as well as a velocity-dependent friction coefficient. We present the results of numerical simulations, for representative ranges of the bowing velocity and normal force. Computations have been performed for constant-section aluminum bars, as well as for real vibraphone bars, which display a central undercutting, intended to help tuning the first modes. Our results show limiting values for the normal force FN and bowing velocity ẏbow for which the "musical" self-sustained solutions exist. Beyond this "playability space", double period and even chaotic regimes were found for specific ranges of the input parameters FN and ẏbow. As also displayed by bowed strings, the vibration amplitudes of bowed bars also increase with the bow velocity. However, in contrast to string instruments, bowed bars "slip" during most of the motion cycle. Another important difference is that, in bowed bars, the self-excited motions are dominated by the system's first mode. Our numerical results are qualitatively supported by preliminary experimental results.

Gas shielding apparatus

DOEpatents

Brandt, D.

1985-12-31

An apparatus is disclosed for preventing oxidation by uniformly distributing inert shielding gas over the weld area of workpieces such as pipes being welded together. The apparatus comprises a chamber and a gas introduction element. The chamber has an annular top wall, an annular bottom wall, an inner side wall and an outer side wall connecting the top and bottom walls. One side wall is a screen and the other has a portion defining an orifice. The gas introduction element has a portion which encloses the orifice and can be one or more pipes. The gas introduction element is in fluid communication with the chamber and introduces inert shielding gas into the chamber. The inert gas leaves the chamber through the screen side wall and is dispersed evenly over the weld area. 3 figs.

The bowing potential of granitic rocks: rock fabrics, thermal properties and residual strain

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siegesmund, S.; Mosch, S.; Scheffzük, Ch.; Nikolayev, D. I.

2008-10-01

The bowing of natural stone panels is especially known for marble slabs. The bowing of granite is mainly known from tombstones in subtropical humid climate. Field inspections in combination with laboratory investigations with respect to the thermal expansion and the bowing potential was performed on two different granitoids (Cezlak granodiorite and Flossenbürg granite) which differ in the composition and rock fabrics. In addition, to describe and explain the effect of bowing of granitoid facade panels, neutron time-of-flight diffraction was applied to determine residual macro- and microstrain. The measurements were combined with investigations of the crystallographic preferred orientation of quartz and biotite. Both samples show a significant bowing as a function of panel thickness and destination temperature. In comparison to marbles the effect of bowing is more pronounced in granitoids at temperatures of 120°C. The bowing as well as the thermal expansion of the Cezlak sample is also anisotropic with respect to the rock fabrics. A quantitative estimate was performed based on the observed textures. The effect of the locked-in stresses may also have a control on the bowing together with the thermal stresses related to the different volume expansion of the rock-forming minerals.

Seismo-acoustic ray model benchmarking against experimental tank data.

PubMed

Camargo Rodríguez, Orlando; Collis, Jon M; Simpson, Harry J; Ey, Emanuel; Schneiderwind, Joseph; Felisberto, Paulo

2012-08-01

Acoustic predictions of the recently developed traceo ray model, which accounts for bottom shear properties, are benchmarked against tank experimental data from the EPEE-1 and EPEE-2 (Elastic Parabolic Equation Experiment) experiments. Both experiments are representative of signal propagation in a Pekeris-like shallow-water waveguide over a non-flat isotropic elastic bottom, where significant interaction of the signal with the bottom can be expected. The benchmarks show, in particular, that the ray model can be as accurate as a parabolic approximation model benchmarked in similar conditions. The results of benchmarking are important, on one side, as a preliminary experimental validation of the model and, on the other side, demonstrates the reliability of the ray approach for seismo-acoustic applications.

Transient bow shock around a cylinder in a supersonic dusty plasma

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meyer, John K.; Merlino, Robert L.

2013-07-15

Visual observations of the formation of a bow shock in the transient supersonic flow of a dusty plasma incident on a biased cylinder are presented. The bow shock formed when the advancing front of a streaming dust cloud was reflected by the obstacle. After its formation, the density jump of the bow shock increased as it moved upstream of the obstacle. A physical picture for the formation of the electrohydrodynamic bow shock is discussed.

Coordination in Fast Repetitive Violin-Bowing Patterns

PubMed Central

Schoonderwaldt, Erwin; Altenmüller, Eckart

2014-01-01

We present a study of coordination behavior in complex violin-bowing patterns involving simultaneous bow changes (reversal of bowing direction) and string crossings (changing from one string to another). Twenty-two violinists (8 advanced amateurs, 8 students with violin as major subject, and 6 elite professionals) participated in the experiment. We investigated the influence of a variety of performance conditions (specific bowing patterns, dynamic level, tempo, and transposition) and level of expertise on coordination behavior (a.o., relative phase and amplitude) and stability. It was found that the general coordination behavior was highly consistent, characterized by a systematic phase lead of bow inclination over bow velocity of about 15° (i.e., string crossings were consistently timed earlier than bow changes). Within similar conditions, a high individual consistency was found, whereas the inter-individual agreement was considerably less. Furthermore, systematic influences of performance conditions on coordination behavior and stability were found, which could be partly explained in terms of particular performance constraints. Concerning level of expertise, only subtle differences were found, the student and professional groups (higher level of expertise) showing a slightly higher stability than the amateur group (lower level of expertise). The general coordination behavior as observed in the current study showed a high agreement with perceptual preferences reported in an earlier study to similar bowing patterns, implying that complex bowing trajectories for an important part emerge from auditory-motor interaction. PMID:25207542

On the stability of bow shocks generated by red supergiants: the case of IRC -10414

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, D. M.-A.; Gvaramadze, V. V.; Langer, N.; Mackey, J.; Boumis, P.; Mohamed, S.

2014-03-01

In this Letter, we explore the hypothesis that the smooth appearance of bow shocks around some red supergiants (RSGs) might be caused by the ionization of their winds by external sources of radiation. Our numerical simulations of the bow shock generated by IRC -10414 (the first-ever RSG with an optically detected bow shock) show that the ionization of the wind results in its acceleration by a factor of 2, which reduces the difference between the wind and space velocities of the star and makes the contact discontinuity of the bow shock stable for a range of stellar space velocities and mass-loss rates. Our best-fitting model reproduces the overall shape and surface brightness of the observed bow shock and suggests that the space velocity and mass-loss rate of IRC -10414 are ≈50 km s-1 and ≈10-6 M⊙ yr-1, respectively, and that the number density of the local interstellar medium is ≈3 cm-3. It also shows that the bow shock emission comes mainly from the shocked stellar wind. This naturally explains the enhanced nitrogen abundance in the line-emitting material, derived from the spectroscopy of the bow shock. We found that photoionized bow shocks are ≈15-50 times brighter in optical line emission than their neutral counterparts, from which we conclude that the bow shock of IRC -10414 must be photoionized.

Dependence of sound characteristics on the bowing position in a violin

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roh, YuJi; Kim, Young H.

2014-12-01

A quantitative analysis of violin sounds produced for different bowing positions over the full length of a violin string has been carried out. An automated bowing machine was employed in order to keep the bowing parameters constant. A 3-dimensional profile of the frequency spectrum was introduced in order to characterize the violin's sound. We found that the fundamental frequency did not change for different bowing positions, whereas the frequencies of the higher harmonics were different. Bowing the string at 30 mm from the bridge produced musical sounds. The middle of the string was confirmed to be a dead zone, as reported in previous works. In addition, the quarter position was also found to be a dead zone. Bowing the string 90 mm from the bridge dominantly produces a fundamental frequency of 864 Hz and its harmonics.

Models of the circumstellar medium of evolving, massive runaway stars moving through the Galactic plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Meyer, D. M.-A.; Mackey, J.; Langer, N.; Gvaramadze, V. V.; Mignone, A.; Izzard, R. G.; Kaper, L.

2014-11-01

At least 5 per cent of the massive stars are moving supersonically through the interstellar medium (ISM) and are expected to produce a stellar wind bow shock. We explore how the mass-loss and space velocity of massive runaway stars affect the morphology of their bow shocks. We run two-dimensional axisymmetric hydrodynamical simulations following the evolution of the circumstellar medium of these stars in the Galactic plane from the main sequence to the red supergiant phase. We find that thermal conduction is an important process governing the shape, size and structure of the bow shocks around hot stars, and that they have an optical luminosity mainly produced by forbidden lines, e.g. [O III]. The Hα emission of the bow shocks around hot stars originates from near their contact discontinuity. The Hα emission of bow shocks around cool stars originates from their forward shock, and is too faint to be observed for the bow shocks that we simulate. The emission of optically thin radiation mainly comes from the shocked ISM material. All bow shock models are brighter in the infrared, i.e. the infrared is the most appropriate waveband to search for bow shocks. Our study suggests that the infrared emission comes from near the contact discontinuity for bow shocks of hot stars and from the inner region of shocked wind for bow shocks around cool stars. We predict that, in the Galactic plane, the brightest, i.e. the most easily detectable bow shocks are produced by high-mass stars moving with small space velocities.

Molten metal holder furnace and casting system incorporating the molten metal holder furnace

DOEpatents

Kinosz, Michael J.; Meyer, Thomas N.

2003-02-11

A bottom heated holder furnace (12) for containing a supply of molten metal includes a storage vessel (30) having sidewalls (32) and a bottom wall (34) defining a molten metal receiving chamber (36). A furnace insulating layer (42) lines the molten metal receiving chamber (36). A thermally conductive heat exchanger block (54) is located at the bottom of the molten metal receiving chamber (36) for heating the supply of molten metal. The heat exchanger block (54) includes a bottom face (65), side faces (66), and a top face (67). The heat exchanger block (54) includes a plurality of electrical heaters (70) extending therein and projecting outward from at least one of the faces of the heat exchanger block (54), and further extending through the furnace insulating layer (42) and one of the sidewalls (32) of the storage vessel (30) for connection to a source of electrical power. A sealing layer (50) covers the bottom face (65) and side faces (66) of the heat exchanger block (54) such that the heat exchanger block (54) is substantially separated from contact with the furnace insulating layer (42).

26. Typical top chord, vertical lattice, diagonal bracing and bottom ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

26. Typical top chord, vertical lattice, diagonal bracing and bottom chord assembly. View is of south side of center panels of 4th span. - Cleves Bridge, Spanning Great Miami River on U.S. Highway 50, Cleves, Hamilton County, OH

Method of and apparatus for collecting solar radiation utilizing variable curvature cylindrical reflectors

DOEpatents

Treytl, William J.; Slemmons, Arthur J.; Andeen, Gerry B.

1979-01-01

A heliostat apparatus includes a frame which is rotatable about an axis which is parallel to the aperture plane of an elongate receiver. A plurality of flat flexible mirror elements are mounted to the frame between several parallel, uniformly spaced resilient beams which are pivotally connected at their ends to the frame. Channels are mounted to the sides of the beams for supporting the edges of the mirror elements. Each of the beams has a longitudinally varying configuration designed to bow into predetermined, generally circular curvatures of varying radii when the center of the beam is deflected relative to the pivotally connected ends of the beams. All of the parallel resilient beams are simultaneously deflected by a cam shaft assembly extending through openings in the centers of the beams, whereby the mirror elements together form an upwardly concave, cylindrical reflecting surface. The heliostat is rotated about its axis to track the apparent diurnal movement of the sun, while the reflecting surface is substantially simultaneously bowed into a cylindrical trough having a radius adapted to focus incident light at the plane of the receiver aperture.

Electromigration and morphological changes in Ag nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chatterjee, A.; Bai, T.; Edler, F.; Tegenkamp, C.; Weide-Zaage, K.; Pfnür, H.

2018-02-01

Electromigration (EM) as a structuring tool was investigated in Ag nanowires (width 300 nm, thickness 25 nm) and partly in notched and bow-tie Ag structures on a Si(1 0 0) substrate in ultra-high vacuum using a four-tip scanning tunneling microscope in combination with a scanning electron microscope. From simulations of Ag nanowires we got estimates of temperature profiles, current density profiles, EM and thermal migration (TM) mass flux distributions within the nanowire induced by critical current densities of 108 A cm-2. At room temperature, the electron wind force at these current densities by far dominates over thermal diffusion, and is responsible for formation of voids at the cathode and hillocks at the anode side. For current densities that exceed the critical current densities necessary for EM, a new type of wire-like structure formation was found both at room temperature and at 100 K for notched and bow-tie structures. This suggests that the simultaneous action of EM and TM is structure forming, but with a very small influence of TM at low temperature.

THEMIS Art #118

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-07-17

Do you see what I see in this image from NASA Mars Odyssey spacecraft? These three side-by-side craters increase in size toward the bottom of the image. Looks like a snowman, only his eyes are missing.

46 CFR 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... consideration by the Commandant. (e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Correction for bow height. 45.69 Section 45.69 Shipping... § 45.69 Correction for bow height. (a) The minimum summer freeboard of all manned vessels must be...

46 CFR 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... consideration by the Commandant. (e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Correction for bow height. 45.69 Section 45.69 Shipping... § 45.69 Correction for bow height. (a) The minimum summer freeboard of all manned vessels must be...

46 CFR 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... consideration by the Commandant. (e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward... 46 Shipping 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Correction for bow height. 45.69 Section 45.69 Shipping... § 45.69 Correction for bow height. (a) The minimum summer freeboard of all manned vessels must be...

9. EMPIRE STATE MINE, BOTTOM ORE BIN/SHOOT. TIN ROOF OF ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

9. EMPIRE STATE MINE, BOTTOM ORE BIN/SHOOT. TIN ROOF OF SOUTHERN MOST BUILDING AND UPPER ORE SHOOT VISIBLE. CAMERA POINTED EAST-NORTHEAST. - Florida Mountain Mining Sites, Empire State Mine, West side of Florida Mountain, Silver City, Owyhee County, ID

Unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of Lake Vostok from seismic data

USGS Publications Warehouse

Filina, I.; Lukin, V.; Masolov, V.; Blankenship, D.

2007-01-01

Seismic soundings of Lake Vostok have been performed by the Polar Marine Geological Research Expedition in collaboration with the Russian Antarctic Expedition since the early 1990s. The seismograms recorded show at least two relatively closely spaced reflections associated with the lake bottom. These were initially interpreted as boundaries of a layer of unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of the lake. A more recent interpretation suggests that the observed reflections are side echoes from the rough lake bottom, and that there are no unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of the lake. The major goal of this paper is to reveal the nature of those reflections by testing three hypotheses of their origin. The results show that some of the reflections, but not all of them, are consistent with the hypothesis of a non-flat lake bottom along the source-receiver line (2D case). The reflections were also evaluated as side echoes from an adjacent sloping interface, but these tests implied unreasonably steep slopes (at least 8 degrees) at the lake bottom. The hypothesis that is the most compatible with seismic data is the presence of a widespread layer of unconsolidated sediments at the bottom of Lake Vostok. The modeling suggests the presence of a two hundred meter thick sedimentary layer with a seismic velocity of 1700 -1900 m/sec in the southern and middle parts of the lake. The sedimentary layer thickens in the northern basin to ~350 m

Characterizing the X-ray Emission From Stellar Bow Shocks and Their Driving Stars with the Chandra Archive

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Binder, Breanna

2017-09-01

We propose an archival study of 2.8 Msec of ACIS images to search for X-ray emission from stellar-wind bow shocks and to characterize the X-ray properties of their driving stars. Bow shocks, particularly those produced by runaway OB stars, are theorized to up-scatter IR photons via inverse Compton scattering, and may produce a significant fraction of high-energy photons in our Galaxy. However, their low X-ray luminosity makes direct detection difficult. By stacking 106 archival observations containing >100 bow shocks, we will create the deepest X-ray exposure of bow shocks to date. We will perform the first detailed comparison of bow shock driving stars to the general massive star population.

Activity Past Dark Side

NASA Image and Video Library

2010-08-24

Saturn moon Enceladus, seen beyond the outline of the planet night side, spews water ice from its south polar region. The plumes can be faintly seen at the bottom of the moon in this image from NASA Cassini spacecraft.

The occurrence of convective systems with a bow echo in warm season in Poland

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Celiński-Mysław, Daniel; Palarz, Angelika

2017-09-01

The characteristics of occurrence of convective systems with a bow echo in Poland in the warm season between 2007 and 2014 were presented. Using the identification criteria proposed by Fujita (1978), Burke and Schultz (2004), Klimowski et al. (2000, 2004), and supplemented by Gatzen (2013), 91 bow echo cases were identified in the analysed period. Depending on the year, the maximum number of cases usually occurred in July or August. From the multi-annual perspective, 28 and 30 cases occurred in those months. The diurnal variation of bow echo occurrences showed that it developed, or entered the Polish territory, usually between the hours of 13:00 UTC and 21:00 UTC, while it disappeared or receded beyond the country border in the hours between 15:00 UTC and 23:00 UTC. The areas most exposed to the occurrence of bow echo included the northern part of Lubuskie and Wielkopolska provinces, the southern part of West Pomerania province, Łódź province and Silesia province. In the period studied, the south-western direction of movement of convective systems with a bow echo was prevalent. This direction changed, however, depending on the region and the month of occurrence. The type and development mode of a bow echo, as well as synoptic conditions conducive to its occurrence were defined for selected cases. The results showed that BECs (bow-echo complex) and BEs (classic bow echo) were the predominant types (respectively 43 and 29 cases). Bow echoes developed most frequently from a squall line, or from a combination of a few, often weakly organized convective cells.

H2 emission from non-stationary magnetized bow shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tram, L. N.; Lesaffre, P.; Cabrit, S.; Gusdorf, A.; Nhung, P. T.

2018-01-01

When a fast moving star or a protostellar jet hits an interstellar cloud, the surrounding gas gets heated and illuminated: a bow shock is born that delineates the wake of the impact. In such a process, the new molecules that are formed and excited in the gas phase become accessible to observations. In this paper, we revisit models of H2 emission in these bow shocks. We approximate the bow shock by a statistical distribution of planar shocks computed with a magnetized shock model. We improve on previous works by considering arbitrary bow shapes, a finite irradiation field and by including the age effect of non-stationary C-type shocks on the excitation diagram and line profiles of H2. We also examine the dependence of the line profiles on the shock velocity and on the viewing angle: we suggest that spectrally resolved observations may greatly help to probe the dynamics inside the bow shock. For reasonable bow shapes, our analysis shows that low-velocity shocks largely contribute to H2 excitation diagram. This can result in an observational bias towards low velocities when planar shocks are used to interpret H2 emission from an unresolved bow. We also report a large magnetization bias when the velocity of the planar model is set independently. Our 3D models reproduce excitation diagrams in BHR 71 and Orion bow shocks better than previous 1D models. Our 3D model is also able to reproduce the shape and width of the broad H2 1-0S(1) line profile in an Orion bow shock (Brand et al. 1989).

Systematic search for high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars

DOE PAGES

Schulz, A.; Ackermann, M.; Buehler, R.; ...

2014-05-01

Context. It has been suggested that the bow shocks of runaway stars are sources of high-energy gamma rays (E > 100 MeV). Theoretical models predicting high-energy gamma-ray emission from these sources were followed by the first detection of non-thermal radio emission from the bow shock of BD+43°3654 and non-thermal X-ray emission from the bow shock of AE Aurigae. Aims. We perform the first systematic search for MeV and GeV emission from 27 bow shocks of runaway stars using data collected by the Large Area Telescope (LAT) onboard the Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (Fermi). Methods. We analysed 57 months of Fermi-LATmore » data at the positions of 27 bow shocks of runaway stars extracted from the Extensive stellar BOw Shock Survey catalogue (E-BOSS). A likelihood analysis was performed to search for gamma-ray emission that is not compatible with diffuse background or emission from neighbouring sources and that could be associated with the bow shocks. Results. None of the bow shock candidates is detected significantly in the Fermi-LAT energy range. We therefore present upper limits on the high-energy emission in the energy range from 100MeV to 300 GeV for 27 bow shocks of runaway stars in four energy bands. For the three cases where models of the high-energy emission are published we compare our upper limits to the modelled spectra. Our limits exclude the model predictions for ζ Ophiuchi by a factor ≈ 5.« less

A Single Deformed Bow Shock for Titan-Saturn System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sulaiman, A. H.; Omidi, N.; Kurth, W. S.; Madanian, H.; Cravens, T.; Sergis, N.; Dougherty, M. K.; Edberg, N. J. T.

2017-12-01

During periods of high solar wind pressure, Saturn's bow shock is pushed inside Titan's orbit exposing the moon and its ionosphere to the supersonic solar wind. The Cassini spacecraft's T96 encounter with Titan occurred during such a period and is the subject of this presentation. The observations during this encounter show evidence for the presence of outbound and inbound shock crossings associated with Saturn and Titan. They also reveal the presence of two foreshocks: one between the outbound Kronian and inbound Titan bow shocks (foreshock-1) and the other between the outbound Titan and inbound Kronian bow shocks (foreshock-2). Using electromagnetic hybrid (kinetic ions, fluid electrons) simulations and Cassini observations we show that the origin of foreshock-1 is tied to the formation of a single deformed bow shock for the Titan-Saturn system. We also report for the first time, the observations of spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFAs) in foreshock-1 making Saturn the fourth planet this phenomenon has been observed and indicating its universal nature. The results of hybrid simulations also show the generation of oblique fast magnetosonic waves upstream of the outbound Titan bow shock in agreement with the observations of large amplitude magnetosonic pulsations in foreshock-2. The formation of a single deformed bow shock results in unique foreshock-bow shock or foreshock-foreshock geometries. For example, the presence of Saturn's foreshock upstream of Titan's quasi-perpendicular bow shock result in ion acceleration through a combination of shock drift and Fermi processes. We also discuss the implications of a single deformed bow shock for Saturn's magnetopause and magnetosphere.

Evolution of Bow-Tie Architectures in Biology

PubMed Central

Friedlander, Tamar; Mayo, Avraham E.; Tlusty, Tsvi; Alon, Uri

2015-01-01

Bow-tie or hourglass structure is a common architectural feature found in many biological systems. A bow-tie in a multi-layered structure occurs when intermediate layers have much fewer components than the input and output layers. Examples include metabolism where a handful of building blocks mediate between multiple input nutrients and multiple output biomass components, and signaling networks where information from numerous receptor types passes through a small set of signaling pathways to regulate multiple output genes. Little is known, however, about how bow-tie architectures evolve. Here, we address the evolution of bow-tie architectures using simulations of multi-layered systems evolving to fulfill a given input-output goal. We find that bow-ties spontaneously evolve when the information in the evolutionary goal can be compressed. Mathematically speaking, bow-ties evolve when the rank of the input-output matrix describing the evolutionary goal is deficient. The maximal compression possible (the rank of the goal) determines the size of the narrowest part of the network—that is the bow-tie. A further requirement is that a process is active to reduce the number of links in the network, such as product-rule mutations, otherwise a non-bow-tie solution is found in the evolutionary simulations. This offers a mechanism to understand a common architectural principle of biological systems, and a way to quantitate the effective rank of the goals under which they evolved. PMID:25798588

76 FR 65717 - City of Broken Bow, OK; Notice of Availability of Final Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-10-24

... application for an Original Major License for the Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam Hydropower Project (FERC Project No. 12470-001). The Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam Project is proposed to be located on the Mountain Fork River in McCurtain County, Oklahoma, at the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' Broken Bow Re-Regulation...

Flow performance of highly loaded axial fan with bowed rotor blades

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chen, L.; Liu, X. J.; Yang, A. L.; Dai, R.

2013-12-01

In this paper, a partial bowed rotor blade was proposed for a newly designed high loaded axial fan. The blade was positively bowed 30 degrees from hub to 30 percent spanwise position. Flows of radial blade and bowed blade fans were numerically compared for various operation conditions. Results show that the fan's performance is improved. At the designed condition with flow coefficient of 0.52, the efficiency of the bowed blade fan is increased 1.44% and the static pressure rise is increased 11%. Comparing the flow structures, it can be found that the separated flow in the bowed fan is reduced and confined within 20 percent span, which is less than the 35 percent in the radial fan. It means that the bowed blade generates negative blade force and counteracts partial centrifugal force. It is alleviates the radial movements of boundary layers in fan's hub region. Flow losses due to 3D mixing are reduced in the rotor. Inlet flow to downstream stator is also improved.

Self-Assembly of Flux-Closure Polygons from Magnetite Nanocubes.

PubMed

Szyndler, Megan W; Corn, Robert M

2012-09-06

Well-defined nanoscale flux-closure polygons (nanogons) have been fabricated on hydrophilic surfaces from the face-to-face self-assembly of magnetite nanocubes. Uniform ferrimagnetic magnetite nanocubes (∼86 nm) were synthesized and characterized with a combination of electron microscopy, diffraction, and magnetization measurements. The nanocubes were subsequently cast onto hydrophilic substrates, wherein the cubes lined up face-to-face and formed a variety of polygons due to magnetostatic and hydrophobic interactions. The generated surfaces consist primarily of three- and four-sided nanogons; polygons ranging from two to six sides were also observed. Further examination of the nanogons showed that the constraints of the face-to-face assembly of nanocubes often led to bowed sides, strained cube geometries, and mismatches at the acute angle vertices. Additionally, extra nanocubes were often present at the vertices, suggesting the presence of external magnetostatic fields at the polygon corners. These nanogons are inimitable nanoscale magnetic structures with potential applications in the areas of magnetic memory storage and high-frequency magnetics.

The Aerodynamic Drag of Five Models of Side Floats N.A.C.A. Models 51-E, 51-F, 51-G, 51-H, 51-J

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

House, R O

1938-01-01

The drag of five models of side floats was measured in the N.A.C.A. 7- by 10-foot wind tunnel. The most promising method of reducing the drag of floats indicated by these tests is lowering the angle at which the floats are rigged. The addition of a step to a float does not always increase the drag in the flying range, floats with steps sometimes having lower drag than similar floats without steps. Making the bow chine no higher than necessary might result in a reduction in air drag because of the lower angle of pitch of the chines. Since side floats are used formally to obtain lateral stability when the seaplane is operating on the water at slow speeds or at rest, greater consideration can be given to factors affecting aerodynamic drag than is possible for other types of floats and hulls.

Martian bow shock: Phobos observations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Schwingenschuh, K.; Riedler, W.; Lichtenegger, H.

1990-05-01

Data obtained with the MAGMA magnetometer on the subsolar passes of the Phobos spacecraft during its 3 elliptic orbits reveals a turbulent bow shock with a strong foot consistent with the reflection of solar wind protons. The bow shock lies at a subsolar distance of 1.47 {plus minus} .03 R{sub M}. The circular orbit phase of the mission reveals a bow shock with a highly varying location. The median terminator crossing lies at 2.72 Mars radii. The location of the bow shock in the terminator plane is sensitive to neither the EUV flux nor to planetary longitude.

Polymeric waveguide array with 45 degree slopes fabricated by bottom side tilted exposure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Xiaohui; Dou, Xinyuan; Wang, Alan X.; Chen, Ray T.

2011-01-01

This paper demonstrated a practical fabrication process of polymeric waveguide array (12 channels) with 50μm(W)×50μm(H)×23mm(L) dimension and mirror embedded 45° degree slopes for vertical coupling purpose. The entire process contained three main parts: a SU8 pre-mold with 45° slope, a PDMS mold and the final waveguide array device. The key step of fabricating the pre-mold included a bottom side tilted exposure of SU8 photo resist. By placing the sample upside down, tilting by 58.7° and immersing into DI water, the ultraviolet (UV) beam that shined vertically was directed to go through from the bottom of the glass substrate into top side SU8 resist with 45° angle to form the surface. This method was able to guarantee no-gap contact between the mask pattern and the photo resist when exposing. By comparing the process complexity and achieved structure of the top and bottom side exposure, the later was proved to be a promising method for making high quality tilted structure without any tailing effect. The reversed PDMS mold was then fabricated on the SU8 pre-mold. The PDMS mold was used to imprint the cladding layer of the waveguide array. After metal deposition, core filling and top cladding layer coating, the final polymeric waveguide array device was achieved. For performance evaluation, 850nm laser beam from VCSEL was modulated to 10Gbps signals and vertically coupled into the waveguide array. The eye diagrams revealed high Q factor when transmitting signals along these waveguide array.

Saddle clamp assembly

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Belrose, Charles R. (Inventor)

1994-01-01

A saddle clamp assembly is presented. The assembly is comprised of a hollow cylindrical body centered about a longitudinal axis and being diametrically split into semicircular top and bottom sections. Each section has a pair of connection flanges, at opposite ends, that project radially outward. A pair of bolts are retained on the top section flanges and are threadable into nuts retained on the bottom section flanges. A base member is anchored to a central underside portion of the bottom clamp body section and has a pair of connection tabs positioned beneath the bottom clamp body section connection flanges on opposite sides of the clamp axis. A pair of bolts are retained on the base member connection tabs and are threadable into a pair of nuts retainable on a support structure. The connection tab and connection flanges on each side of the clamp body are axially offset in a manner permitting downward installation/removable tool access to the lower bolts past the connection flanges. An elongated retention tether is used to connect the top clamp body section to the balance of the clamp assembly. This prevents loss of the top clamp body section when it is removed from the bottom clamp body section.

On the peculiar shapes of some pulsar bow-shock nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bandiera, Rino

Pulsar bow-shock nebulae are pulsar-wind nebulae formed by the direct interaction of pulsar relativistic winds with the interstellar medium. The bow-shock morphology, well outlined in Hα for some objects, is an effect of the supersonic pulsar motion with respect to the ambient medium. However, in a considerable fraction of cases (e.g. the nebulae associated to PSR B2224+65, PSR B0740-28, PSR J2124-3358) clear deviations from the classical bow shock shape are observed. Such deviations are usually interpreted as due to ambient density gradients and/or to pulsar-wind anisotropies. Here I present a different interpretation, aiming at explaining deviations from the standard morphology as signs of the peculiar physical conditions present in these objects. Using dimensional arguments, I show that, unlike normal pulsar-wind nebulae, in pulsar bow-shock nebulae the mean free path of the highest-energy particles may be comparable with the bow-shock head. I then investigate whether this may affect the shape of the bow-shock; for instance, whether a conical bow shock (like that observed in the "Guitar", the nebula associated to PSR B2224+65) does really imply an ambient density gradient. Finally, I discuss some other possible signatures of these high-energy, long mean-free-path particles.

2. VIEW NORTH OF BOW OF JFK IN DRYDOCK NO. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. VIEW NORTH OF BOW OF JFK IN DRYDOCK NO. 5; NOTE BOW ANCHOR AT TOP CENTER. - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Dry Dock No. 5, League Island, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Effect of bow-type initial imperfection on reliability of minimum-weight, stiffened structural panels

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stroud, W. Jefferson; Krishnamurthy, Thiagaraja; Sykes, Nancy P.; Elishakoff, Isaac

1993-01-01

Computations were performed to determine the effect of an overall bow-type imperfection on the reliability of structural panels under combined compression and shear loadings. A panel's reliability is the probability that it will perform the intended function - in this case, carry a given load without buckling or exceeding in-plane strain allowables. For a panel loaded in compression, a small initial bow can cause large bending stresses that reduce both the buckling load and the load at which strain allowables are exceeded; hence, the bow reduces the reliability of the panel. In this report, analytical studies on two stiffened panels quantified that effect. The bow is in the shape of a half-sine wave along the length of the panel. The size e of the bow at panel midlength is taken to be the single random variable. Several probability density distributions for e are examined to determine the sensitivity of the reliability to details of the bow statistics. In addition, the effects of quality control are explored with truncated distributions.

Electrode Arrangement As Substitute Bottom For An Electrothermic Slag Smelting Furnace.

DOEpatents

Aune, Jan Arthur; Brinch, Jon Christian; Johansen, Kai

2005-12-27

The electrode arrangement uses vertically oriented electrodes with side wall contacts for an electrothermic smelting furnace for aluminum production. The side wall contacts are radially moveable into the furnace to compensate for wear on the contacts. The side wall contacts can be hollow to allow a slag forming charge to be fed to the furnace.

Have Adversary Missiles Become a Revolution in Military Affairs?

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

the introduction of massed long- bow archers during the Hundred Years’ War between England and France. The battlefields of Crécy, Poitiers, and...impunity and lit- tle expense before the knights could close with the bowmen. Heavier armor was not cost-effective against stronger bows or crossbows with...established order” (i.e., US global power projection) in the early twenty-first century. Why Did Bows and Gunpowder Become an RMA? Bows existed for

The Influence of IMF By on the Bow Shock: Observation Result

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, M.; Lu, J. Y.; Kabin, K.; Yuan, H. Z.; Liu, Z.-Q.; Zhao, J. S.; Li, G.

2018-03-01

In this study we use the bow shock crossings contained in the Space Physics Data Facility database, collected by four spacecraft (IMP 8, Geotail, Magion-4, and Cluster1) to analyze the effect of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) By component on the bow shock position and shape. Although the IMF Bz component is usually considered much more geoeffective than By, we find that the dayside bow shock is more responsive to the eastward component of the IMF than the north-south one. We believe that the explanation lies in the changes that the Bz component induces on the magnetopause location and shape, which largely compensate the corresponding changes in the dayside bow shock location. In the tail, we find that the bow shock cross section is elongated roughly in the direction perpendicular to the IMF direction, which agrees with earlier modeling studies.

Entropy Generation Across Earth's Bow Shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Parks, George K.; McCarthy, Michael; Fu, Suiyan; Lee E. s; Cao, Jinbin; Goldstein, Melvyn L.; Canu, Patrick; Dandouras, Iannis S.; Reme, Henri; Fazakerley, Andrew;

Gravitropism in Higher Plant Shoots 1

PubMed Central

Wheeler, Raymond M.; White, Rosemary G.; Salisbury, Frank B.

1986-01-01

Ethylene at 1.0 and 10.0 cubic centimeters per cubic meter decreased the rate of gravitropic bending in stems of cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) and tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill), but 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene had little effect. Treating cocklebur plants with 1.0 millimolar aminoethoxyvinylglycine (AVG) (ethylene synthesis inhibitor) delayed stem bending compared with controls, but adding 0.1 cubic centimeter per cubic meter ethylene in the surrounding atmosphere (or applying 0.1% ethephon solution) partially restored the rate of bending of AVG-treated plants. Ethylene increases in bending stems, and AVG inhibits this. Virtually all newly synthesized ethylene appeared in bottom halves of horizontal stems, where ethylene concentrations were as much as 100 times those in upright stems or in top halves of horizontal stems. This was especially true when horizontal stems were physically restrained from bending. Ethylene might promote cell elongation in bottom tissues of a horizontal stem or indicate other factors there (e.g. a large amount of `functioning' auxin). Or top and bottom tissues may become differentially sensitive to ethylene. Auxin applied to one side of a vertical stem caused extreme bending away from that side; gibberellic acid, kinetin, and abscisic acid were without effect. Acidic ethephon solutions applied to one side of young seedlings of cocklebur, tomato, sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.), and soybean (Glycine max [L.] Merr.) caused bending away from that side, but neutral ethephon solutions did not cause bending. Buffered or unbuffered acid (HCl) caused similar bending. Neutral ethephon solutions produced typical ethylene symptoms (i.e. epinasty, inhibition of stem elongation). HCl or acidic ethephon applied to the top of horizontal stems caused downward bending, but these substances applied to the bottom of such stems inhibited growth and upward bending—an unexpected result. PMID:11539089

Energetics of the terrestrial bow shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hamrin, Maria; Gunell, Herbert; Norqvist, Patrik

2017-04-01

The solar wind is the primary energy source for the magnetospheric energy budget. Energy can enter through the magnetopause both as kinetic energy (plasma entering via e.g. magnetic reconnection and impulsive penetration) and as electromagnetic energy (e.g. by the conversion of solar wind kinetic energy into electromagnetic energy in magnetopause generators). However, energy is extracted from the solar wind already at the bow shock, before it encounters the terrestrial magnetopause. At the bow shock the supersonic solar wind is slowed down and heated, and the region near the bow shock is known to host many complex processes, including the accelerating of particles and the generation of waves. The processes at and near the bow shock can be discussed in terms of energetics: In a generator (load) process kinetic energy is converted to (from) electromagnetic energy. Bow shock regions where the solar wind is decelerated correspond to generators, while regions where particles are energized (accelerated and heated) correspond to loads. Recently, it has been suggested that currents from the bow shock generator should flow across the magnetosheath and connect to the magnetospause current systems [Siebert and Siscoe, 2002; Lopez et al., 2011]. In this study we use data from the Magnetospheric MultiScale (MMS) mission to investigate the energetics of the bow shock and the current closure, and we compare with the MHD simulations of Lopez et al., 2011.

4. EXTERIOR OF EAST SIDE SHOWING STAIRS TO CATWALK AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. EXTERIOR OF EAST SIDE SHOWING STAIRS TO CATWALK AND OPEN UTILITY ROOM DOOR. OPEN DOOR AT BOTTOM OF STAIRS LEADS TO BASEMENT. VIEW TO SOUTHWEST. - Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 8, Operator Cottage, Big Creek, Big Creek, Fresno County, CA

18. VIEW OF EAST SIDE INTERIOR OF MST AT STATIONS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

18. VIEW OF EAST SIDE INTERIOR OF MST AT STATIONS 3 AND 12, FACING WEST. COMPRESSED AIR TANK AND GENERATOR AT STATION 3. CURTAIN FOR NORTH ENVIRONMENTAL DOOR VISIBLE ON LEFT SIDE OF PHOTOGRAPH; RAIL VISIBLE AT BOTTOM OF PHOTOGRAPH. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 East, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Global Explicit Particle-in-cell Simulations of the Nonstationary Bow Shock and Magnetosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Zhongwei; Huang, Can; Liu, Ying D.; Parks, George K.; Wang, Rui; Lu, Quanming; Hu, Huidong

2016-07-01

We carry out two-dimensional global particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and a dipole field to study the formation of the bow shock and magnetosphere. A self-reforming bow shock ahead of a dipole field is presented by using relatively high temporal-spatial resolutions. We find that (1) the bow shock and the magnetosphere are formed and reach a quasi-stable state after several ion cyclotron periods, and (2) under the B z southward solar wind condition, the bow shock undergoes a self-reformation for low β I and high M A . Simultaneously, a magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail is found. For high β I and low M A , the shock becomes quasi-stationary, and the magnetotail reconnection disappears. In addition, (3) the magnetopause deflects the magnetosheath plasmas. The sheath particles injected at the quasi-perpendicular region of the bow shock can be convected downstream of an oblique shock region. A fraction of these sheath particles can leak out from the magnetosheath at the wings of the bow shock. Hence, the downstream situation is more complicated than that for a planar shock produced in local simulations.

Using marine reserves to manage impact of bottom trawl fisheries requires consideration of benthic food-web interactions.

PubMed

van Denderen, P Daniël; Rijnsdorp, Adriaan D; van Kooten, Tobias

2016-10-01

Marine protected areas (MPAs) are widely used to protect exploited fish species as well as to conserve marine habitats and their biodiversity. They have also become a popular management tool for bottom trawl fisheries, a common fishing technique on continental shelves worldwide. The effects of bottom trawling go far beyond the impact on target species, as trawls also affect other components of the benthic ecosystem and the seabed itself. This means that for bottom trawl fisheries, MPAs can potentially be used not only to conserve target species but also to reduce impact of these side effects of the fishery. However, predicting the protective effects of MPAs is complicated because the side effects of trawling potentially alter the food-web interactions between target and non-target species. These changes in predatory and competitive interactions among fish and benthic invertebrates may have important ramifications for MPAs as tools to manage or mitigate the effects of bottom trawling. Yet, in current theory regarding the functioning of MPAs in relation to bottom trawl fisheries, such predatory and competitive interactions between species are generally not taken into account. In this study, we discuss how food-web interactions that are potentially affected by bottom trawling may alter the effectiveness of MPAs to protect (1) biodiversity and marine habitats, (2) fish populations, (3) fisheries yield, and (4) trophic structure of the community. We make the case that in order to be applicable for bottom trawl fisheries, guidelines for the implementation of MPAs must consider their potential food-web effects, at the risk of failing management. © 2016 by the Ecological Society of America.

Computational and Experimental Analysis of Mach 5 Air Flow over a Cylinder with a Nanosecond Pulse Discharge

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-01-01

wind tunnel t = 4:1 s after a discharge event. The compression wave pushes the bow - shock outward, as seen in the red region. Consistent with the two... wind tunnel , which was able to computationally replicate the bow - shock structure seen in the schlieren photography, predict the width of the tunnel’s...from the pulse source. As the shock wave travels upstream, it interacts with the standing bow - shock and momentarily increases the bow - shock

Use of New Commercial, Off-the-Shelf, High-Definition Structure Scanning Fathometer/Depth Finder For Coastal Current Survey Operations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roggenstein, E. B.; Gray, G.

2013-12-01

The National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) National Ocean Service (NOS) Center for Operational Oceanographic Products and Services (COOPS) manages three national observing system programs. These are the National Water level Observation Network (NWLON) (210 stations), the 23 NOAA/Physical Oceanographic Real-Time Systems (PORTS), and National Currents Observing Program (NCOP) (approximately 70 deployments/year). In support of its mission COOPS operates and maintains a number of small boats. During vessel operations, side-scan sonar data are at times needed to provide information about bottom structure for future work in the area. For example, potential hazards, obstructions, or bottom morphology features that have not been identified on localized charts for a given area could be used to inform decisions on planned installations. Side-scan sonar capability is also important when attempting to reacquire bottom mounts that fail to surface at the conclusion of a current meter survey. Structure mapping and side-scan capabilities have been added to recent consumer-level, commercial, off-the-shelf fathometers, generally intended for recreational, commercial fishing, and diving applications. We are proposing to investigate these systems' viability for meeting survey requirements. We assess their ability to provide a flexible alternative to research/commercial oceanographic level side-scan system at a significant cost savings. Such systems could provide important information to support scientific missions that require qualitative seafloor imagery.

First Detection of a Pulsar Bow Shock Nebula in Far-UV: PSR J0437-4715

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rangelov, Blagoy; Pavlov, George G.; Kargaltsev, Oleg; Durant, Martin; Bykov, Andrei M.; Krassilchtchikov, Alexandre

2016-11-01

Pulsars traveling at supersonic speeds are often accompanied by cometary bow shocks seen in Hα. We report on the first detection of a pulsar bow shock in the far-ultraviolet (FUV). We detected it in FUV images of the nearest millisecond pulsar J0437-4715 obtained with the Hubble Space Telescope. The images reveal a bow-like structure positionally coincident with part of the previously detected Hα bow shock, with an apex at 10″ ahead of the moving pulsar. Its FUV luminosity, L(1250{--}2000 \\mathringA )≈ 5 × {10}28 erg s-1, exceeds the Hα luminosity from the same area by a factor of 10. The FUV emission could be produced by the shocked interstellar medium matter or, less likely, by relativistic pulsar wind electrons confined by strong magnetic field fluctuations in the bow shock. In addition, in the FUV images we found a puzzling extended (≃3″ in size) structure overlapping with the limb of the bow shock. If related to the bow shock, it could be produced by an inhomogeneity in the ambient medium or an instability in the bow shock. We also report on a previously undetected X-ray emission extending for about 5″ ahead of the pulsar, possibly a pulsar wind nebula created by shocked pulsar wind, with a luminosity L(0.5-8 keV) ˜ 3 × 1028 erg s-1. Based on observations made with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute, which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under NASA contract NAS 5-26555. These observations are associated with programs GO 12917 and GO 10568.

Asteroid 2012 DA14 as Seen from Siding Spring, Australia

NASA Image and Video Library

2013-02-15

An animated set of images, from the telescope known as the iTelescope.net Siding Spring Observatory, shows asteroid 2012 DA14 as the streak moving from top to bottom in the field of view. The animation is available in the Planetary Photojournal.

13. Detail, downstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, showing lower ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Detail, downstream side of Bridge Number 310.58, showing lower chord connection, view to southeast, 210mm lens. The riveted portion of the bottom chord is at left, joined at the pin connection to the eyebars. The vertical intermediate post is a compression member, and is attached to one end of a floor beam that spans transversely below the bridge floor. There are paired diagonals to the left of the intermediate post, with a turnbuckled counter to rising diagonally to the right. The diagonals below the floor are bottom lateral members. - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 310.58, Milepost 310.58, Sims, Shasta County, CA

Life raft stabilizer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Radnofsky, M. I.; Barnett, J. H., Jr.; Harrison, F. L.; Marak, R. J. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

An improved life raft stabilizer for reducing rocking and substantially precluding capsizing is discussed. The stabilizer may be removably attached to the raft and is defined by flexible side walls which extend a considerable depth downwardly to one another in the water. The side walls, in conjunction with the floor of the raft, form a ballast enclosure. A weight is placed in the bottom of the enclosure and water port means are provided in the walls. Placement of the stabilizer in the water allows the weighted bottom to sink, producing submerged deployment thereof and permitting water to enter the enclosure through the port means, thus forming a ballast for the raft.

BOW SHOCK FRAGMENTATION DRIVEN BY A THERMAL INSTABILITY IN LABORATORY ASTROPHYSICS EXPERIMENTS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suzuki-Vidal, F.; Lebedev, S. V.; Pickworth, L. A.

The role of radiative cooling during the evolution of a bow shock was studied in laboratory-astrophysics experiments that are scalable to bow shocks present in jets from young stellar objects. The laboratory bow shock is formed during the collision of two counterstreaming, supersonic plasma jets produced by an opposing pair of radial foil Z-pinches driven by the current pulse from the MAGPIE pulsed-power generator. The jets have different flow velocities in the laboratory frame, and the experiments are driven over many times the characteristic cooling timescale. The initially smooth bow shock rapidly develops small-scale nonuniformities over temporal and spatial scalesmore » that are consistent with a thermal instability triggered by strong radiative cooling in the shock. The growth of these perturbations eventually results in a global fragmentation of the bow shock front. The formation of a thermal instability is supported by analysis of the plasma cooling function calculated for the experimental conditions with the radiative packages ABAKO/RAPCAL.« less

Monolithic, multi-bandgap, tandem, ultra-thin, strain-counterbalanced, photovoltaic energy converters with optimal subcell bandgaps

DOEpatents

Wanlass, Mark W [Golden, CO; Mascarenhas, Angelo [Lakewood, CO

2012-05-08

Modeling a monolithic, multi-bandgap, tandem, solar photovoltaic converter or thermophotovoltaic converter by constraining the bandgap value for the bottom subcell to no less than a particular value produces an optimum combination of subcell bandgaps that provide theoretical energy conversion efficiencies nearly as good as unconstrained maximum theoretical conversion efficiency models, but which are more conducive to actual fabrication to achieve such conversion efficiencies than unconstrained model optimum bandgap combinations. Achieving such constrained or unconstrained optimum bandgap combinations includes growth of a graded layer transition from larger lattice constant on the parent substrate to a smaller lattice constant to accommodate higher bandgap upper subcells and at least one graded layer that transitions back to a larger lattice constant to accommodate lower bandgap lower subcells and to counter-strain the epistructure to mitigate epistructure bowing.

Hybrid functional study of band structures of GaAs1-xNx and GaSb1-xNx alloys

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Virkkala, Ville; Havu, Ville; Tuomisto, Filip; Puska, Martti J.

2012-02-01

Band structures of GaAs1-xNx and GaSb1-xNx alloys are studied in the framework of the density functional theory within the hybrid functional scheme (HSE06). We find that the scheme gives a clear improvement over the traditional (semi)local functionals in describing, in a qualitative agreement with experiments, the bowing of electron energy band gap in GaAs1-xNx alloys. In the case of GaSb1-xNx alloys, the hybrid functional used makes the study of band structures possible ab initio without any empirical parameter fitting. We explain the trends in the band gap reductions in the two materials that result mainly from the positions of the nitrogen-induced states with respect to the bottoms of the bulk conduction bands.

Automated bow shock and radiation belt edge identification methods and their application for Cluster, THEMIS/ARTEMIS and Van Allen Probes data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Facsko, Gabor; Sibeck, David; Balogh, Tamas; Kis, Arpad; Wesztergom, Viktor

2017-04-01

The bow shock and the outer rim of the outer radiation belt are detected automatically by our algorithm developed as a part of the Boundary Layer Identification Code Cluster Active Archive project. The radiation belt positions are determined from energized electron measurements working properly onboard all Cluster spacecraft. For bow shock identification we use magnetometer data and, when available, ion plasma instrument data. In addition, electrostatic wave instrument electron density, spacecraft potential measurements and wake indicator auxiliary data are also used so the events can be identified by all Cluster probes in highly redundant way, as the magnetometer and these instruments are still operational in all spacecraft. The capability and performance of the bow shock identification algorithm were tested using known bow shock crossing determined manually from January 29, 2002 to February 3,. The verification enabled 70% of the bow shock crossings to be identified automatically. The method shows high flexibility and it can be applied to observations from various spacecraft. Now these tools have been applied to Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms (THEMIS)/Acceleration, Reconnection, Turbulence, and Electrodynamics of the Moon's Interaction with the Sun (ARTEMIS) magnetic field, plasma and spacecraft potential observations to identify bow shock crossings; and to Van Allen Probes supra-thermal electron observations to identify the edges of the radiation belt. The outcomes of the algorithms are checked manually and the parameters used to search for bow shock identification are refined.

Fourth-dimensional changes in nasolabial dimensions following rotation-advancement repair of unilateral cleft lip.

PubMed

Mulliken, John B; LaBrie, Richard A

2012-02-01

Repair of unilateral cleft lip requires three-dimensional craftsmanship and understanding four-dimensional changes. Ninety-nine children with unilateral complete or incomplete cleft lip were measured by direct anthropometry following rotation-advancement repair (intraoperatively) and again in childhood. Changes in heminasal width, labial height, and labial width were analyzed and compared measures depending on whether the cleft was incomplete/complete or involved left/right side. Average heminasal width (sn-al) was set 1 mm less on the cleft side and measured only 0.7 mm less at 6 years. Labial height (sn-cphi) was slightly greater on the cleft side at repair and matched the noncleft side at follow-up. Vertical dimension (sbal-cphi) was slightly less at operation; the percent change was the same on both sides. Transverse labial width (cphi-ch) was set short on the cleft side and lengthened disproportionately, resulting in less than 1 mm difference at 6 years. All anthropometric dimensions grew less in complete cleft lips compared with incomplete forms; however, only labial height and width were significantly different. There were no disparities in nasolabial growth between left- and right-sided cleft lips. Cleft side alar base drifts laterally and should be positioned slightly more medial and secured to nasalis or periosteum. Growth in labial height lags and, therefore, the repaired side should be equal to or slightly greater than on the normal side, particularly in a complete labial cleft. Transverse labial width grows more on the cleft side; thus, lateral Cupid's bow peak point can be marked closer to the commissure to match the labial height on the noncleft side. Therapeutic, IV.

Mariner 10 magnetic field observations of the Venus wake

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepping, R. P.; Behannon, K. W.

1977-01-01

Magnetic field measurements made over a 21-hour interval during the Mariner 10 encounter with Venus were used to study the down-stream region of the solar wind-Venus interaction over a distance of approximately 100 R sub v. For most of the day before closest approach the spacecraft was located in a sheath-like region which was apparently bounded by planetary bow shock on the outer side and either a planetary wake boundary or transient boundary-like feature on the inner side. The spacecraft made multiple encounters with the wake-like boundary during the 21-hour interval with an increasing frequency as it approached the planet. Each pass into the wake boundary from the sheath region was consistently characterized by a slight decrease in magnetic field magnitude, a marked increase in the frequency and amplitude of field fluctuations, and a systematic clockwise rotation of the field direction when viewed from above the plane of the planet orbit.

A program of data synthesis from the ALSEP/CPLEE ALSEP/SIDE, and Explorer 35 magnetometer to investigate lunar terminator and nightside particle fluxes and surface interactions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reasoner, D. L.

1976-01-01

Lunar nightside electron fluxes were studied with the aid of the ALSEP/CPLEE and other instruments. The flux events were shown to be due to (a) electrons propagating upstream from the earth's bow shock, (b) electrons thermalized and scattered to the lunar surface by disturbances along the boundary of the lunar solarwind cavity, and (c) solar wind electrons scattered to the lunar surface by lunar limb shocks and/or compressional disturbances. These electrons were identified as a cause of the high night surface negative potentials observed in tha ALSEP/SIDE ion data. A study was also made of the shadowing of magnetotail plasma sheet electrons by interactions between the lunar body and the ambient magnetic field and by interactions between charged particles and lunar remnant magnetic fields. These shadowing effects were shown to modify lunar surface and near-lunar potential distributions.

75 FR 39201 - MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-08

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee will meet... and Community Self-Determination Act (Pub. L. 110-343) and in compliance with the Federal Advisory...

75 FR 52304 - MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-25

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee will meet... Community Self-Determination Act (Pub. L. 110- 343) and in compliance with the Federal Advisory Committee...

76 FR 12016 - MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-04

... DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE Forest Service MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee AGENCY: Forest Service, USDA. ACTION: Notice of meeting. SUMMARY: The MedBow-Routt Resource Advisory Committee will meet... Community Self-Determination Act (Pub. L. 110- 343) and in compliance with the Federal Advisory Committee...

46 CFR 91.40-3 - Drydock examination, internal structural examination, cargo tank internal examination, and...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... hull barge with internal framing 1 Double hull barge with external framing 2 Single hull barge with..., ends, and bottoms) when the structural framing is on the internal tank surface. 2 Applicable to double hull tank barges (double sides, ends, and bottoms) when the structural framing is on the external tank...

49 CFR 231.10 - Caboose cars with platforms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Caboose cars with platforms. 231.10 Section 231.10..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. Note: a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or...

49 CFR 231.10 - Caboose cars with platforms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Caboose cars with platforms. 231.10 Section 231.10..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. Note: a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or...

49 CFR 231.10 - Caboose cars with platforms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Caboose cars with platforms. 231.10 Section 231.10..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. Note: a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or...

49 CFR 231.10 - Caboose cars with platforms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Caboose cars with platforms. 231.10 Section 231.10..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. Note: a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or...

49 CFR 231.10 - Caboose cars with platforms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Caboose cars with platforms. 231.10 Section 231.10..., DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION RAILROAD SAFETY APPLIANCE STANDARDS § 231.10 Caboose cars with platforms. Note: a. The term “bottom of car” as used in § 231.10 is construed to mean “bottom of side-sill or...

16. Typical end post, top chord, bottom chord, vertical lattice ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

16. Typical end post, top chord, bottom chord, vertical lattice and diagonal connections for the 2nd and 3rd spans. View is of south side of 3rd span just west of its connection with the 4th span. - Cleves Bridge, Spanning Great Miami River on U.S. Highway 50, Cleves, Hamilton County, OH

27. Typical end post, top chord, bottom chord, vertical lattice ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

27. Typical end post, top chord, bottom chord, vertical lattice and diagonal connections for the 1st and 4th spans. View is of south side of 4th span just east of its connection with the 3rd span. - Cleves Bridge, Spanning Great Miami River on U.S. Highway 50, Cleves, Hamilton County, OH

INTERIOR OF SOUTHEAST SIDE ENTRY CORRIDOR, SHOWING BLASTRESISTANT AND GASTIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR OF SOUTHEAST SIDE ENTRY CORRIDOR, SHOWING BLAST-RESISTANT AND GAS-TIGHT DOOR. NOTE RELIEF VALVES NEAR BOTTOM OF DOOR AND ALTERED ONE IN BULKHEAD. - U.S. Naval Base, Pearl Harbor, Bombproof Personnel Shelter, Enterprise Street and St. Lo Avenue, Pearl City, Honolulu County, HI

76 FR 2710 - Pitney Bowes, Inc., Mailing Solutions Management Division Including On-Site Leased Workers of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-14

...., Mailing Solutions Management Division Including On-Site Leased Workers of Guidant Group, and Teleworkers... Bowes, Inc., Mailing Solutions Management Division, Engineering Quality Assurance, Shelton, Connecticut... identity of the subject worker group. The worker group consists of workers of Pitney Bowes, Inc., the...

Correlation of bow shock plasma wave turbulence with solar wind parameters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rodriguez, P.; Gurnett, D. A.

1975-01-01

The r.m.s. field strengths of electrostatic and electromagnetic turbulence in the earth's bow shock, measured in the frequency range 20 Hz to 200 kHz with IMP-6 satellite, are found to correlate with specific solar wind parameters measured upstream of the bow shock.

46 CFR 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... least 15 percent of the length of the vessel measured from the forward perpendicular. (c) Where the bow... point at least 0.06 L abaft the forward perpendicular. (d) Vessels which, to suit exceptional... consideration by the Commandant. (e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward...

46 CFR 45.69 - Correction for bow height.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... least 15 percent of the length of the vessel measured from the forward perpendicular. (c) Where the bow... point at least 0.06 L abaft the forward perpendicular. (d) Vessels which, to suit exceptional... consideration by the Commandant. (e) The bow height is defined as the vertical distance at the forward...

First observations and simulations of specularly reflected He++ at Earth's quasi-perpendicular bow shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broll, J. M.; Fuselier, S. A.; Trattner, K. J.; Giles, B. L.; Anderson, B. J.; Burch, J. L.

2017-12-01

Proton specular reflection at quasi-perpendicular shocks provides dissipation in cases where the upstream Mach number is too high for fluid dissipation mechanisms alone - as is almost always the case at Earth's bow shock. Some evidence of He++ specular reflection was found in reduced particle distributions measured by previous spacecraft at the bow shock. However, due to resolution constraints it was not possible to confirm that the bow shock was capable of reflecting solar wind He++. We present MMS observations of quasi-perpendicular bow shock crossing that are consistent with He++ specular reflection. These observations are supported by 1D particle-in- cell simulations demonstrating that a small amount of He++ can be turned back despite having twice the mass-per-charge of the protons.

GLOBAL EXPLICIT PARTICLE-IN-CELL SIMULATIONS OF THE NONSTATIONARY BOW SHOCK AND MAGNETOSPHERE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, Zhongwei; Liu, Ying D.; Wang, Rui

2016-07-01

We carry out two-dimensional global particle-in-cell simulations of the interaction between the solar wind and a dipole field to study the formation of the bow shock and magnetosphere. A self-reforming bow shock ahead of a dipole field is presented by using relatively high temporal-spatial resolutions. We find that (1) the bow shock and the magnetosphere are formed and reach a quasi-stable state after several ion cyclotron periods, and (2) under the B{sub z} southward solar wind condition, the bow shock undergoes a self-reformation for low β{sub i} and high M{sub A}. Simultaneously, a magnetic reconnection in the magnetotail is found.more » For high β{sub i} and low M{sub A}, the shock becomes quasi-stationary, and the magnetotail reconnection disappears. In addition, (3) the magnetopause deflects the magnetosheath plasmas. The sheath particles injected at the quasi-perpendicular region of the bow shock can be convected downstream of an oblique shock region. A fraction of these sheath particles can leak out from the magnetosheath at the wings of the bow shock. Hence, the downstream situation is more complicated than that for a planar shock produced in local simulations.« less

Control wafer bow of InGaP on 200 mm Si by strain engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Bing; Bao, Shuyu; Made, Riko I.; Lee, Kwang Hong; Wang, Cong; Eng Kian Lee, Kenneth; Fitzgerald, Eugene A.; Michel, Jurgen

2017-12-01

When epitaxially growing III-V compound semiconductors on Si substrates the mismatch of coefficients of thermal expansion (CTEs) between III-V and Si causes stress and wafer bow. The wafer bow is deleterious for some wafer-scale processing especially when the wafer size is large. Strain engineering was applied in the epitaxy of InGaP films on 200 mm silicon wafers having high quality germanium buffers. By applying compressive strain in the InGaP films to compensate the tensile strain induced by CTE mismatch, wafer bow was decreased from about 100 μm to less than 50 μm. X-ray diffraction studies show a clear trend between the decrease of wafer bow and the compensation of CTE mismatch induced tensile strain in the InGaP layers. In addition, the anisotropic strain relaxation in InGaP films resulted in anisotropic wafer bow along two perpendicular (110) directions. Etch pit density and plane-view transmission electron microscopy characterizations indicate that threading dislocation densities did not change significantly due to the lattice-mismatch applied in the InGaP films. This study shows that strain engineering is an effective method to control wafer bow when growing III-V semiconductors on large size Si substrates.

True versus apparent shapes of bow shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarango-Yong, Jorge A.; Henney, William J.

2018-06-01

Astrophysical bow shocks are a common result of the interaction between two supersonic plasma flows, such as winds or jets from stars or active galaxies, or streams due to the relative motion between a star and the interstellar medium. For cylindrically symmetric bow shocks, we develop a general theory for the effects of inclination angle on the apparent shape. We propose a new two-dimensional classification scheme for bow shapes, which is based on dimensionless geometric ratios that can be estimated from observational images. The two ratios are related to the flatness of the bow's apex, which we term planitude, and the openness of its wings, which we term alatude. We calculate the expected distribution in the planitude-alatude plane for a variety of simple geometrical and physical models: quadrics of revolution, wilkinoids, cantoids, and ancantoids. We further test our methods against numerical magnetohydrodynamical simulations of stellar bow shocks and find that the apparent planitude and alatude measured from infrared dust continuum maps serve as accurate diagnostics of the shape of the contact discontinuity, which can be used to discriminate between different physical models. We present an algorithm that can determine the planitude and alatude from observed bow shock emission maps with a precision of 10 to 20 per cent.

Determining the standoff distance of the bow shock: Mach number dependence and use of models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Farris, M. H.; Russell, C. T.

1994-01-01

We explore the factors that determine the bow shock standoff distance. These factors include the parameters of the solar wind, as well as the size and shape of the obstacle. In this report we develop a semiempirical Mach number relation for the bow shock standoff distance in order to take into account the shock's behavior at low Mach numbers. This is done by determining which properties of the shock are most important in controlling the standoff distance and using this knowledge to modify the current Mach number relation. While the present relation has proven useful at higher Mach numbers, it has lacked effectiveness at the low Mach number limit. We also analyze the bow shock dependence upon the size and shape of the obstacle, noting that it is most appropriate to compare the standoff distance of the bow shock to the radius of curvature of the obstacle, as opposed to the distance from the focus of the object to the nose. Last, we focus our attention on the use of bow shock models in determining the standoff distance. We note that the physical behavior of the shock must correctly be taken into account, specifically the behavior as a function of solar wind dynamic pressure; otherwise, erroneous results can be obtained for the bow shock standoff distance.

Linear modal stability analysis of bowed-strings.

PubMed

Debut, V; Antunes, J; Inácio, O

2017-03-01

Linearised models are often invoked as a starting point to study complex dynamical systems. Besides their attractive mathematical simplicity, they have a central role for determining the stability properties of static or dynamical states, and can often shed light on the influence of the control parameters on the system dynamical behaviour. While the bowed string dynamics has been thoroughly studied from a number of points of view, mainly by time-domain computer simulations, this paper proposes to explore its dynamical behaviour adopting a linear framework, linearising the friction force near an equilibrium state in steady sliding conditions, and using a modal representation of the string dynamics. Starting from the simplest idealisation of the friction force given by Coulomb's law with a velocity-dependent friction coefficient, the linearised modal equations of the bowed string are presented, and the dynamical changes of the system as a function of the bowing parameters are studied using linear stability analysis. From the computed complex eigenvalues and eigenvectors, several plots of the evolution of the modal frequencies, damping values, and modeshapes with the bowing parameters are produced, as well as stability charts for each system mode. By systematically exploring the influence of the parameters, this approach appears as a preliminary numerical characterisation of the bifurcations of the bowed string dynamics, with the advantage of being very simple compared to sophisticated numerical approaches which demand the regularisation of the nonlinear interaction force. To fix the idea about the potential of the proposed approach, the classic one-degree-of-freedom friction-excited oscillator is first considered, and then the case of the bowed string. Even if the actual stick-slip behaviour is rather far from the linear description adopted here, the results show that essential musical features of bowed string vibrations can be interpreted from this simple approach, at least qualitatively. Notably, the technique provides an instructive and original picture of bowed motions, in terms of groups of well-defined unstable modes, which is physically intuitive to discuss tonal changes observed in real bowed string.

The absent bow tie sign in bucket-handle tears of the menisci in the knee.

PubMed

Helms, C A; Laorr, A; Cannon, W D

1998-01-01

Bucket-handle tears of the menisci are one of the most frequently missed diagnoses in MR examinations of the knee. This article describes the "absent bow tie sign," which can be used to identify bucket-handle tears on routine MR examinations of the knee. The arthroscopic surgical reports (n = 350) from a single orthopedic surgeon's practice during a 24-month period were examined for patients who had a diagnosis of bucket-handle tear and who underwent MR imaging before surgery (n = 32). The MR examinations were retrospectively evaluated for the presence of a bow tie sign. The bow tie sign was considered normal when two sagittal images showed the body segment (a bow tie appearance). The bow tie sign was considered abnormal, consistent with a bucket-handle tear, when only one or no body segment was seen (the absent bow tie sign). Coronal images were evaluated for a truncated meniscus. Also, each MR examination was scrutinized for a displaced fragment and a double posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) sign. Thirty-three bucket-handle tears were found at arthroscopy in 32 patients. One patient had tears of the medial and lateral menisci. The absent bow tie sign was seen in 32 of the 33 cases (sensitivity, 97%) and correlated with the medial or lateral meniscus that was reported torn at arthroscopy. The single false-negative result occurred in a patient with a nondisplaced bucket-handle tear. The findings in 31 contralateral normal menisci were all negative for an absent bow tie sign (specificity, 100%). A displaced fragment was found in 30 (94%) of 32 cases. The coronal images showed a truncated meniscus in 21 (64%) of 33 cases. A double PCL sign was seen in 10 (30%) of 33 cases. The absent bow tie sign is an easily applied finding that can be used with good sensitivity to diagnose bucket-handle tears of the menisci on MR imaging. This sign has a higher accuracy rate than other findings common with bucket-handle tears, such as displaced fragments, a truncated appearance of the meniscus on coronal images, and the double PCL sign.

22. INTERIOR VIEW OF TYPICAL OIL TANK, PORT SIDE, LOOKING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. INTERIOR VIEW OF TYPICAL OIL TANK, PORT SIDE, LOOKING FORWARD. NOTE SHIP'S FRAMING MEMBERS AND UNIVERSAL JOINT IN SHAFT FOR PUMPING VALVE AT BOTTOM OF TANK. THE ACCESS LADDER STEPS ARE MARKED WITH LEVEL INDICATIONS. - Ship "Falls of Clyde", Hawaii Maritime Center, Pier 7, Honolulu, Honolulu County, HI

DOUBLE BOW SHOCKS AROUND YOUNG, RUNAWAY RED SUPERGIANTS: APPLICATION TO BETELGEUSE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mackey, Jonathan; Mohamed, Shazrene; Neilson, Hilding R.

2012-05-20

A significant fraction of massive stars are moving supersonically through the interstellar medium (ISM), either due to disruption of a binary system or ejection from their parent star cluster. The interaction of their wind with the ISM produces a bow shock. In late evolutionary stages these stars may undergo rapid transitions from red to blue and vice versa on the Hertzsprung-Russell diagram, with accompanying rapid changes to their stellar winds and bow shocks. Recent three-dimensional simulations of the bow shock produced by the nearby runaway red supergiant (RSG) Betelgeuse, under the assumption of a constant wind, indicate that the bowmore » shock is very young (<30, 000 years old), hence Betelgeuse may have only recently become an RSG. To test this possibility, we have calculated stellar evolution models for single stars which match the observed properties of Betelgeuse in the RSG phase. The resulting evolving stellar wind is incorporated into two-dimensional hydrodynamic simulations in which we model a runaway blue supergiant (BSG) as it undergoes the transition to an RSG near the end of its life. We find that the collapsing BSG wind bubble induces a bow shock-shaped inner shell around the RSG wind that resembles Betelgeuse's bow shock, and has a similar mass. Surrounding this is the larger-scale retreating bow shock generated by the now defunct BSG wind's interaction with the ISM. We suggest that this outer shell could explain the bar feature located (at least in projection) just in front of Betelgeuse's bow shock.« less

Annual variations in the Martian bow shock location as observed by the Mars Express mission

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, B. E. S.; Lester, M.; Sánchez-Cano, B.; Nichols, J. D.; Andrews, D. J.; Edberg, N. J. T.; Opgenoorth, H. J.; Fränz, M.; Holmström, M.; Ramstad, R.; Witasse, O.; Cartacci, M.; Cicchetti, A.; Noschese, R.; Orosei, R.

2016-11-01

The Martian bow shock distance has previously been shown to be anticorrelated with solar wind dynamic pressure but correlated with solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) irradiance. Since both of these solar parameters reduce with the square of the distance from the Sun, and Mars' orbit about the Sun increases by ˜0.3 AU from perihelion to aphelion, it is not clear how the bow shock location will respond to variations in these solar parameters, if at all, throughout its orbit. In order to characterize such a response, we use more than 5 Martian years of Mars Express Analyser of Space Plasma and EneRgetic Atoms (ASPERA-3) Electron Spectrometer measurements to automatically identify 11,861 bow shock crossings. We have discovered that the bow shock distance as a function of solar longitude has a minimum of 2.39RM around aphelion and proceeds to a maximum of 2.65RM around perihelion, presenting an overall variation of ˜11% throughout the Martian orbit. We have verified previous findings that the bow shock in southern hemisphere is on average located farther away from Mars than in the northern hemisphere. However, this hemispherical asymmetry is small (total distance variation of ˜2.4%), and the same annual variations occur irrespective of the hemisphere. We have identified that the bow shock location is more sensitive to variations in the solar EUV irradiance than to solar wind dynamic pressure variations. We have proposed possible interaction mechanisms between the solar EUV flux and Martian plasma environment that could explain this annual variation in bow shock location.

Apparatus and method for continuous production of materials

DOEpatents

Chang, Chih-hung; Jin, Hyungdae

2014-08-12

Embodiments of a continuous-flow injection reactor and a method for continuous material synthesis are disclosed. The reactor includes a mixing zone unit and a residence time unit removably coupled to the mixing zone unit. The mixing zone unit includes at least one top inlet, a side inlet, and a bottom outlet. An injection tube, or plurality of injection tubes, is inserted through the top inlet and extends past the side inlet while terminating above the bottom outlet. A first reactant solution flows in through the side inlet, and a second reactant solution flows in through the injection tube(s). With reference to nanoparticle synthesis, the reactant solutions combine in a mixing zone and form nucleated nanoparticles. The nucleated nanoparticles flow through the residence time unit. The residence time unit may be a single conduit, or it may include an outer housing and a plurality of inner tubes within the outer housing.

The solar wind interaction with Mars - Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 observations of bow shock position and shape

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Slavin, J. A.; Schwingenschuh, K.; Riedler, W.; Eroshenko, E.

1991-01-01

An aggregate Mars bow shock data set using Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 observations has been analyzed. The results support the earlier conclusion that the mean distance to the subsolar shock at Mars is nearly 1.5 planetary radii, from which gas dynamic models predict an obstacle altitude of 500 km. The Martian bow shock does not appear to vary significantly in shape or altitude with the phase of the solar cycle. The unusually distant dayside bow shock crossings reported by Mars 2 and 3 also appear in the Phobos 3 observations, suggesting that the dayside obstacle can on rare occasions reach altitudes over 1000 km. The Martian bow shock differs from that of Venus in that its mean altitude is greater, it lacks a strong solar cycle variation, and its location is far more variable, including the occurrence of strong bow shocks over the dayside hemisphere at distances at least as great as the orbit of Phobos 2, i.e., 2.8 Mars radii.

MMS Observations of Parallel Electric Fields During a Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock Crossing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Goodrich, K.; Schwartz, S. J.; Ergun, R.; Wilder, F. D.; Holmes, J.; Burch, J. L.; Gershman, D. J.; Giles, B. L.; Khotyaintsev, Y. V.; Le Contel, O.; Lindqvist, P. A.; Strangeway, R. J.; Russell, C.; Torbert, R. B.

2016-12-01

Previous observations of the terrestrial bow shock have frequently shown large-amplitude fluctuations in the parallel electric field. These parallel electric fields are seen as both nonlinear solitary structures, such as double layers and electron phase-space holes, and short-wavelength waves, which can reach amplitudes greater than 100 mV/m. The Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) Mission has crossed the Earth's bow shock more than 200 times. The parallel electric field signatures observed in these crossings are seen in very discrete packets and evolve over time scales of less than a second, indicating the presence of a wealth of kinetic-scale activity. The high time resolution of the Fast Particle Instrument (FPI) available on MMS offers greater detail of the kinetic-scale physics that occur at bow shocks than ever before, allowing greater insight into the overall effect of these observed electric fields. We present a characterization of these parallel electric fields found in a single bow shock event and how it reflects the kinetic-scale activity that can occur at the terrestrial bow shock.

Tainter Gate Tests, Norfork Dam, North Fork River, Arkansas: Model and Prototype Investigations

DTIC Science & Technology

1954-06-01

the sides and top of the conduit while the bottom of the gate was sealed in a recess provided in the lead bottom seal. Later a rubber seal was also...the lifting strut were about the same whether or not flow was passing the gate. During the gate closure procedure, however, the data indiGate 24 that

A comparative review of bow shocks and magnetopauses

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lepping, R. P.

1984-01-01

Bow shock and magnetopauses formation is discussed. Plasma and magnetic field environments of all the planets from Mercury to Saturn were measured. It was found that all the planets have bow shocks and almost all have a magnetopause. Venus is the only planet with no measurable intrinsic magnetic field and the solar wind interacts directly with Venus' ionosphere. The bow shock characteristics depend on the changing solar wind conditions. The shape of a magnetopause or any obstacle to flow depends on the three dimensional pressure profile that it presents to the solar wind. Jupiter is unusual because of the considerable amount of plasma which is contained in its magnetosphere. Magnetopause boundaries in ecliptic plane projection are modelled by segments of ellipses, matched to straight lines for the magnetotool boundaries or parabolas. Specific properties of known planetary bow shocks and magnetopauses are reviewed.

Investigations of morphological features of picosecond dual-wavelength laser ablation of stainless steel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Wanqin; Wang, Wenjun; Mei, Xuesong; Jiang, Gedong; Liu, Bin

2014-06-01

Investigations on the morphological features of holes and grooves ablated on the surface of stainless steel using the picosecond dual-wavelength laser system with different powers combinations are presented based on the scarce researches on morphology of dual-wavelength laser ablation. The experimental results show the profiles of holes ablated by the visible beam appear V-shaped while those for the near-infrared have large openings and display U-shaped, which are independent of the ablation mechanism of ultrafast laser. For the dual-wavelength beam (a combination of visible beam and near-infrared), the holes resemble sunflower-like structures and have smoother ring patterns on the bottom. In general, the holes ablated by the dual-wavelength beam appear to have much flatter bottoms, linearly sloped side-walls and spinodal structures between the bottoms of the holes and the side-walls. Furthermore, through judiciously combining the powers of the dual-wavelength beam, high-quality grooves could be obtained with a flat worm-like structure at the bottom surface and less resolidified melt ejection edges. This study provides insight into optimizing ultrafast laser micromachining in order to obtain desired morphology.

Systematic search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

H.E.S.S. Collaboration; Abdalla, H.; Abramowski, A.; Aharonian, F.; Ait Benkhali, F.; Akhperjanian, A. G.; Andersson, T.; Angüner, E. O.; Arakawa, M.; Arrieta, M.; Aubert, P.; Backes, M.; Balzer, A.; Barnard, M.; Becherini, Y.; Becker Tjus, J.; Berge, D.; Bernhard, S.; Bernlöhr, K.; Blackwell, R.; Böttcher, M.; Boisson, C.; Bolmont, J.; Bordas, P.; Bregeon, J.; Brun, F.; Brun, P.; Bryan, M.; Büchele, M.; Bulik, T.; Capasso, M.; Carr, J.; Casanova, S.; Cerruti, M.; Chakraborty, N.; Chalme-Calvet, R.; Chaves, R. C. G.; Chen, A.; Chevalier, J.; Chrétien, M.; Coffaro, M.; Colafrancesco, S.; Cologna, G.; Condon, B.; Conrad, J.; Cui, Y.; Davids, I. D.; Decock, J.; Degrange, B.; Deil, C.; Devin, J.; deWilt, P.; Dirson, L.; Djannati-Ataï, A.; Domainko, W.; Donath, A.; Drury, L. O.'C.; Dutson, K.; Dyks, J.; Edwards, T.; Egberts, K.; Eger, P.; Ernenwein, J.-P.; Eschbach, S.; Farnier, C.; Fegan, S.; Fernandes, M. V.; Fiasson, A.; Fontaine, G.; Förster, A.; Funk, S.; Füßling, M.; Gabici, S.; Gajdus, M.; Gallant, Y. A.; Garrigoux, T.; Giavitto, G.; Giebels, B.; Glicenstein, J. F.; Gottschall, D.; Goyal, A.; Grondin, M.-H.; Hahn, J.; Haupt, M.; Hawkes, J.; Heinzelmann, G.; Henri, G.; Hermann, G.; Hervet, O.; Hinton, J. A.; Hofmann, W.; Hoischen, C.; Holler, M.; Horns, D.; Ivascenko, A.; Iwasaki, H.; Jacholkowska, A.; Jamrozy, M.; Janiak, M.; Jankowsky, D.; Jankowsky, F.; Jingo, M.; Jogler, T.; Jouvin, L.; Jung-Richardt, I.; Kastendieck, M. A.; Katarzyński, K.; Katsuragawa, M.; Katz, U.; Kerszberg, D.; Khangulyan, D.; Khélifi, B.; Kieffer, M.; King, J.; Klepser, S.; Klochkov, D.; Kluźniak, W.; Kolitzus, D.; Komin, Nu.; Kosack, K.; Krakau, S.; Kraus, M.; Krüger, P. P.; Laffon, H.; Lamanna, G.; Lau, J.; Lees, J.-P.; Lefaucheur, J.; Lefranc, V.; Lemière, A.; Lemoine-Goumard, M.; Lenain, J.-P.; Leser, E.; Lohse, T.; Lorentz, M.; Liu, R.; López-Coto, R.; Lypova, I.; Marandon, V.; Marcowith, A.; Mariaud, C.; Marx, R.; Maurin, G.; Maxted, N.; Mayer, M.; Meintjes, P. J.; Meyer, M.; Mitchell, A. M. W.; Moderski, R.; Mohamed, M.; Mohrmann, L.; Morå, K.; Moulin, E.; Murach, T.; Nakashima, S.; de Naurois, M.; Niederwanger, F.; Niemiec, J.; Oakes, L.; O'Brien, P.; Odaka, H.; Öttl, S.; Ohm, S.; Ostrowski, M.; Oya, I.; Padovani, M.; Panter, M.; Parsons, R. D.; Pekeur, N. W.; Pelletier, G.; Perennes, C.; Petrucci, P.-O.; Peyaud, B.; Piel, Q.; Pita, S.; Poon, H.; Prokhorov, D.; Prokoph, H.; Pühlhofer, G.; Punch, M.; Quirrenbach, A.; Raab, S.; Reimer, A.; Reimer, O.; Renaud, M.; de los Reyes, R.; Richter, S.; Rieger, F.; Romoli, C.; Rowell, G.; Rudak, B.; Rulten, C. B.; Sahakian, V.; Saito, S.; Salek, D.; Sanchez, D. A.; Santangelo, A.; Sasaki, M.; Schlickeiser, R.; Schüssler, F.; Schulz, A.; Schwanke, U.; Schwemmer, S.; Seglar-Arroyo, M.; Settimo, M.; Seyffert, A. S.; Shafi, N.; Shilon, I.; Simoni, R.; Sol, H.; Spanier, F.; Spengler, G.; Spies, F.; Stawarz, Ł.; Steenkamp, R.; Stegmann, C.; Stycz, K.; Sushch, I.; Takahashi, T.; Tavernet, J.-P.; Tavernier, T.; Taylor, A. M.; Terrier, R.; Tibaldo, L.; Tiziani, D.; Tluczykont, M.; Trichard, C.; Tsuji, N.; Tuffs, R.; Uchiyama, Y.; van der Walt, D. J.; van Eldik, C.; van Rensburg, C.; van Soelen, B.; Vasileiadis, G.; Veh, J.; Venter, C.; Viana, A.; Vincent, P.; Vink, J.; Voisin, F.; Völk, H. J.; Vuillaume, T.; Wadiasingh, Z.; Wagner, S. J.; Wagner, P.; Wagner, R. M.; White, R.; Wierzcholska, A.; Willmann, P.; Wörnlein, A.; Wouters, D.; Yang, R.; Zabalza, V.; Zaborov, D.; Zacharias, M.; Zanin, R.; Zdziarski, A. A.; Zech, A.; Zefi, F.; Ziegler, A.; Żywucka, N.

2018-04-01

Context. Runaway stars form bow shocks by ploughing through the interstellar medium at supersonic speeds and are promising sources of non-thermal emission of photons. One of these objects has been found to emit non-thermal radiation in the radio band. This triggered the development of theoretical models predicting non-thermal photons from radio up to very-high-energy (VHE, E ≥ 0.1 TeV) gamma rays. Subsequently, one bow shock was also detected in X-ray observations. However, the data did not allow discrimination between a hot thermal and a non-thermal origin. Further observations of different candidates at X-ray energies showed no evidence for emission at the position of the bow shocks either. A systematic search in the Fermi-LAT energy regime resulted in flux upper limits for 27 candidates listed in the E-BOSS catalogue. Aim. Here we perform the first systematic search for VHE gamma-ray emission from bow shocks of runaway stars. Methods: Using all available archival H.E.S.S. data we search for very-high-energy gamma-ray emission at the positions of bow shock candidates listed in the second E-BOSS catalogue release. Out of the 73 bow shock candidates in this catalogue, 32 have been observed with H.E.S.S. Results: None of the observed 32 bow shock candidates in this population study show significant emission in the H.E.S.S. energy range. Therefore, flux upper limits are calculated in five energy bins and the fraction of the kinetic wind power that is converted into VHE gamma rays is constrained. Conclusions: Emission from stellar bow shocks is not detected in the energy range between 0.14 and 18 TeV.The resulting upper limits constrain the level of VHE gamma-ray emission from these objects down to 0.1-1% of the kinetic wind energy.

Bow Shock Leads the Way for a Speeding Hot Jupiter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kohler, Susanna

2015-09-01

As hot Jupiters whip around their host stars, their speeds can exceed the speed of sound in the surrounding material, theoretically causing a shock to form ahead of them. Now, a study has reported the detection of such a shock ahead of transiting exoplanet HD 189733b, providing a potential indicator of the remarkably strong magnetic field of the planet.Rushing PlanetsDue to their proximity to their hosts, hot Jupiters move very quickly through the stellar wind and corona surrounding the star. When this motion is supersonic, the material ahead of the planet can be compressed by a bow shock and for a transiting hot Jupiter, this shock will cross the face of the host star in advance of the planets transit.In a recent study, a team of researchers by Wilson Cauley of Wesleyan University report evidence of just such a pre-transit. The teams target is exoplanet HD 189733b, one of the closest hot Jupiters to our solar system. When the authors examined high-resolution transmission spectra of this system, they found that prior to the optical transit of the planet, there was a large dip in the transmission of the first three hydrogen Balmer lines. This could well be the absorption of an optically-thick bow shock as it moves past the face of the star.Tremendous MagnetismOperating under this assumption, the authors create a model of the absorption expected from a hot Jupiter transiting with a bow shock ahead of it. Using this model, they show that a shock leading the planet at a distance of 12.75 times the planets radius reproduces the key features of the transmission spectrum.This stand-off distance is surprisingly large. Assuming that the location of the bow shock is set by the point where the planets magnetospheric pressure balances the pressure of the stellar wind or corona that it passes through, the planetary magnetic field would have to be at least 28 Gauss. This is seven times the strength of Jupiters magnetic field!Understanding the magnetic fields of exoplanets is important for modeling their interiors, their mass loss rates, and their interactions with their host stars. Current models of exoplanets often assume low-value fields similar to those of planets within our solar system. But if the field strength estimated for HD 189733bs field is common for hot Jupiters, it may be time to update our models!BonusCheck out this video from Cauleys website, which provides an action view of the transit data for HD 189733b and the possible bow shock leading it. The upper panel shows the transit as viewed from the side, the right panel shows a top-down view of the orbit, and the plot shows the transmission data (points) and model (solid lines) for the three hydrogen lines monitored. All sizes and distances are to scale.http://aasnova.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/tran_movie_final.m4vCitationP. Wilson Cauley et al 2015 ApJ 810 13. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/810/1/13

The static response of a bowed inclined hot wire

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smits, A. J.

1984-01-01

The directional sensitivity of a bowed, inclined hot wire is investigated using a simple model for the convective heat transfer. The static response is analyzed for subsonic and supersonic flows. It is shown that the effects of both end conduction and wire bowing are greater in supersonic flow. Regardless of the Mach number, however, these two phenomena have distinctly different effects; end conduction appears to be responsible for reducing the nonlinearity of the response, whereas bowing increases the directional sensitivity. Comparison with the available data suggests that the analysis is useful for interpreting the experimental results.

Staged mold for encapsulating hazardous wastes

DOEpatents

Unger, Samuel L.; Telles, Rodney W.; Lubowitz, Hyman R.

1990-01-01

A staged mold for stabilizing hazardous wastes for final disposal by molding an agglomerate of the hazardous wastes and encapsulating the agglomerate. Three stages are employed in the process. In the first stage, a first mold body is positioned on a first mold base, a mixture of the hazardous wastes and a thermosetting plastic is loaded into the mold, the mixture is mechanically compressed, heat is applied to cure the mixture to form a rigid agglomerate, and the first mold body is removed leaving the agglomerate sitting on the first mold base. In the second stage, a clamshell second mold body is positioned around the agglomerate and the first mold base, a powdered thermoplastic resin is poured on top of the agglomerate and in the gap between the sides of the agglomerate and the second mold body, the thermoplastic is compressed, heat is applied to melt the thermoplastic, and the plastic is cooled jacketing the agglomerate on the top and sides. In the third stage, the mold with the jacketed agglomerate is inverted, the first mold base is removed exposing the former bottom of the agglomerate, powdered thermoplastic is poured over the former bottom, the first mold base is replaced to compress the thermoplastic, heat is applied to melt the new thermoplastic and the top part of the jacket on the sides, the plastic is cooled jacketing the bottom and fusing with the jacketing on the sides to complete the seamless encapsulation of the agglomerate.

Staged mold for encapsulating hazardous wastes

DOEpatents

Unger, Samuel L.; Telles, Rodney W.; Lubowitz, Hyman R.

1988-01-01

A staged mold for stabilizing hazardous wastes for final disposal by molding an agglomerate of the hazardous wastes and encapsulating the agglomerate. Three stages are employed in the process. In the first stage, a first mold body is positioned on a first mold base, a mixture of the hazardous wastes and a thermosetting plastic is loaded into the mold, the mixture is mechanically compressed, heat is applied to cure the mixture to form a rigid agglomerate, and the first mold body is removed leaving the agglomerate sitting on the first mold base. In the second stage, a clamshell second mold body is positioned around the agglomerate and the first mold base, a powdered thermoplastic resin is poured on top of the agglomerate and in the gap between the sides of the agglomerate and the second mold body, the thermoplastic is compressed, heat is applied to melt the thermoplastic, and the plastic is cooled jacketing the agglomerate on the top and sides. In the third stage, the mold with the jacketed agglomerate is inverted, the first mold base is removed exposing the former bottom of the agglomerate, powdered thermoplastic is poured over the former bottom, the first mold base is replaced to compress the thermoplastic, heat is applied to melt the new thermoplastic and the top part of the jacket on the sides, the plastic is cooled jacketing the bottom and fusing with the jacketing on the sides to complete the seamless encapsulation of the agglomerate.

Method for encapsulating hazardous wastes using a staged mold

DOEpatents

Unger, Samuel L.; Telles, Rodney W.; Lubowitz, Hyman R.

1989-01-01

A staged mold and method for stabilizing hazardous wastes for final disposal by molding an agglomerate of the hazardous wastes and encapsulating the agglomerate. Three stages are employed in the process. In the first stage, a first mold body is positioned on a first mold base, a mixture of the hazardous wastes and a thermosetting plastic is loaded into the mold, the mixture is mechanically compressed, heat is applied to cure the mixture to form a rigid agglomerate, and the first mold body is removed leaving the agglomerate sitting on the first mold base. In the second stage, a clamshell second mold body is positioned around the agglomerate and the first mold base, a powdered thermoplastic resin is poured on top of the agglomerate and in the gap between the sides of the agglomerate and the second mold body, the thermoplastic is compressed, heat is applied to melt the thermoplastic, and the plastic is cooled jacketing the agglomerate on the top and sides. In the third stage, the mold with the jacketed agglomerate is inverted, the first mold base is removed exposing the former bottom of the agglomerate, powdered thermoplastic is poured over the former bottom, the first mold base is replaced to compress the thermoplastic, heat is applied to melt the new thermoplastic and the top part of the jacket on the sides, the plastic is cooled jacketing the bottom and fusing with the jacketing on the sides to complete the seamless encapsulation of the agglomerate.

Limiting Impact Force Due to Yielding and Buckling of the Plates and Internal Structural Frame at the Bow of a Barge during Its Head-on Impact with a Bullnose or Cellular Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-08-01

Locks and Dam. ERDC/ITL TR-09-3 16 The proposed flexible approach walls at Lock and Dams 22 and 25 consist of precast concrete beams supported...Figures 2.3 and 2.5. The rounded hull plate connecting the front and side hull plates (in blue) is shown in brown in Figures 2.2 and 2.3. Figure 2.4...approach angle column in Table 3.1 is of no consequence for these analyses. Table 3.1. Three design load condition categories, frequency of loadings

Stockton Lake Survey and Assessment. National Register Assessment of Prehistoric Archeological Sites 23DA407 and 23DA408 and Historic Properties Survey in the Stockton Lake Project, Cedar and Dade Counties, Missouri

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-01-01

Elevation 890 HPA Reports Stockton Lake Survey and Assessment page 38 23CE46723CE398 .1 IYAR CPA .COWN if Y 344 CD meer 50 suvexae sitvey area transect...Stockton Lake. The shelter is within the emergency floodpool of the lake. Some deposits north of the beck wall appuoxitmtely 5 to 6 feet my stiU be...point ha some tip damage and one baa corner mintin Arrow point sftm (Sallisaw variant?) 1 0.9 Am*a between remaining side notch and coaesve bowe

Anterior Femoral Bow and Possible Effect on the Stifle Joint: A Comparison between Humans and Dogs.

PubMed

Ocal, M K; Sabanci, S S; Cobanoglu, M; Enercan, M

2017-08-01

The aim of the study was to compare the anterior bow of the femur between dogs and humans in terms of the possible impact on the stifle joint. The femoral radiographs obtained retrospectively were used to determine the angles and positions of the anterior bow in both dogs (n = 135) and humans (n = 57). Descriptive statistics and Pearson's correlation analysis were used for the statistical analyses of the variables. The mean anterior bow angle (ABA) was 18.3 ± 2.02° and 4.88 ± 1.24° in dogs and humans, respectively. The bow position was at the distal shaft in dogs (64.9 ± 2.04%) and almost at the mid-shaft of the bone (46.5 ± 5.52%) in humans. The ABA was related to the bow position in both humans and dogs. Additionally, the angle correlated with age in humans, while it was correlated with weight and breed in dogs. In conclusion, it is suggested that the anterior bow should be used as a landmark on the femoral axis for the biomechanical research of stifle joint, and dog stifle could be used as a suitable model for human knee in experimental studies for clinicians, while making sure that ethical principles are fully respected. © 2017 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

Submerged Gas Jet Penetration: A Study of Bubbling Versus Jetting and Side Versus Bottom Blowing in Copper Bath Smelting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kapusta, Joël P. T.

2017-06-01

Although the bottom blowing ShuiKouShan process has now been widely implemented in China, in both lead and copper smelters, some doubts, questions, and concerns still seem to prevail in the metallurgical community outside China. In the author's opinion, part of these doubts and concerns could be addressed by a better general understanding of key concepts of submerged gas injection, including gas jet trajectory and penetration, and the concept, application, and benefits of sonic injection in jetting regime. To provide some answers, this article first offers a discussion on the historical developments of the theory and mathematical characterization of submerged gas jet trajectory, including the proposed criteria for the transition from bubbling to jetting regime and the application of the Prandtl-Meyer theory to submerged gas jets. A second part is devoted to a quantitative study of submerged gas jet penetration in copper bath smelting, including a comparison between bubbling and jetting regimes, and side versus bottom blowing. In the specific cases studied, the calculated gas jet axis trajectory length in jetting regime is 159 cm for bottom blowing, whereas it varies between 129 and 168 cm for side blowing for inclination angles of +18° to -30° to the horizontal. This means that side blowing in the jetting regime would provide a deeper penetration and longer gas jet trajectory than generally obtained by conventional bath smelting vessels such as the Noranda and Teniente reactors. The theoretical results of this study do corroborate the successful high-intensity practice of the slag make converting process at Glencore Nickel in Canada that operates under high oxygen shrouded injection in the jetting regime, and this would then suggest that retrofitting conventional low-pressure, side-blowing tuyeres of bath smelting and converting reactors with sonic injectors in jetting regime certainly appears as a valuable option for process intensification with higher oxygen enrichment, without major process changes or large capital expenditure, i.e., no need for full reactor replacement.

Tibial Bowing and Pseudarthrosis in Neurofibromatosis Type 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-04-01

Neurofibromatosis Type 1 PRINCIPAL INVESTIGATOR: Dr. David Stevenson CONTRACTING ORGANIZATION: University of Utah SALT LAKE CITY...COVERED 1 April 2013 - 31 March 2014 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Tibial Bowing and Pseudarthrosis in Neurofibromatosis Type 1 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER...SUPPLEMENTARY NOTES 14. ABSTRACT Anterolateral tibial bowing is a morbid skeletal manifestation observed in 5% of children with neurofibromatosis

Research study of space plasma boundary processes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenstadt, E. W.; Taylor, W. W. L.

1984-01-01

Representation of the Earth's bow shock and magnetopause and their geometrically determined macrostructure was investigated. Computer graphic depictions of the global distributions of bow shock structures and elementary animation of the dynamics of those distributions in the changing solar wind were developed. The shock-foreshock boundary and subcritical bow shocks as observed by ISEE 1 and 2 are discussed.

75 FR 33290 - City of Broken Bow, OK; Notice of Availability of Environmental Assessment

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-11

... application for an Original Major License for the Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam Hydropower Project. The project would be located at the United States Army Corps of Engineers' (Corps) Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam on... http://www.ferc.gov , using the ``eLibrary'' link. Enter the docket number excluding the last three...

Phytoplankton response to a plume front in the northern South China Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Qian P.; Zhou, Weiwen; Chen, Yinchao; Wu, Zhengchao

2018-04-01

Due to a strong river discharge during April-June 2016, a persistent salinity front, with freshwater flushing seaward on the surface but seawater moving landward at the bottom, was formed in the coastal waters west of the Pearl River estuary (PRE) over the northern South China Sea (NSCS) shelf. Hydrographic measurements revealed that the salinity front was influenced by both the river plume and coastal upwelling. On shipboard nutrient-enrichment experiments with size-fractionation chlorophyll a measurements were taken on both sides of the front as well as in the frontal zone to diagnose the spatial variations of phytoplankton physiology across the frontal system. We also assessed the size-fractionated responses of phytoplankton to the treatment of plume water at the frontal zone and the sea side of the front. The biological impact of vertical mixing or upwelling was further examined by the response of surface phytoplankton to the addition of local bottom water. Our results suggested that there was a large variation in phytoplankton physiology on the sea side of the front, driven by dynamic nutrient fluxes, although P limitation was prevailing on the shore side of the front and at the frontal zone. The spreading of plume water at the frontal zone would directly improve the growth of microphytoplankton, while nano- and picophytoplankton growths could have become saturated at high percentages of plume water. Also, the mixing of bottom water would stimulate the growth of surface phytoplankton on both sides of the front by altering the surface N/P ratio to make it closer to the Redfield stoichiometry. In summary, phytoplankton growth and physiology could be profoundly influenced by the physical dynamics in the frontal system during the spring-summer of 2016.

Non-graphite crucible for high temperature applications

DOEpatents

Holcombe, C.E.; Pfeiler, W.A.

1994-08-02

A multi-piece crucible for high temperature applications comprises a tubular side wall member having a lip on the inside surface and a bottom member or members forming a container for containing a melt of a material during a high temperature melt-casting operations. The multi-piece design prevents cracking of the crucible or leakage of the melt from the crucible during the melt-casting operation. The lip of the tubular member supports the bottom member. The contacting surfaces where the lip of the tubular side wall member contacts the bottom member of the multi-piece crucible contains a ceramic sealing material. The ceramic sealing material forms a seal sufficient to prevent the melt of the material from leaking out of the multi-piece crucible during the melt-casting process. The multi-piece crucible is made of a material which is chemically inert to the melt and has structural integrity at the melting point temperature of the melt, or of a material coated with such a material. 6 figs.

Non-graphite crucible for high temperature applications

DOEpatents

Holcombe, Cressie E.; Pfeiler, William A.

1994-01-01

A multi-piece crucible for high temperature applications comprises a tubular side wall member having a lip on the inside surface and a bottom member or members forming a container for containing a melt of a material during a high temperature melt-casting operations. The multi-piece design prevents cracking of the crucible or leakage of the melt from the crucible during the melt-casting operation. The lip of the tubular member supports the bottom member. The contacting surfaces where the lip of the tubular side wall member contacts the bottom member of the multi-piece crucible contains a ceramic sealing material. The ceramic sealing material forms a seal sufficient to prevent the melt of the material from leaking out of the multi-piece crucible during the melt-casting process. The multi-piece crucible is made of a material which is chemically inert to the melt and has structural integrity at the melting point temperature of the melt, or of a material coated with such a material.

Can postural modification reduce kinetic and kinematic loading during the bowing postures of Islamic prayer?

PubMed

AbouHassan, J; Milosavljevic, S; Carman, A

2010-12-01

As stooped postures are known to increase kinematic and kinetic loading on the lumbar spine they can be problematic for people with low back pain and postural task modification is often recommended. For the Muslim with low back pain, the bowing postures during prayer can aggravate low back symptoms. The aims of this study were to describe lumbo-sacral and pelvic tilt kinematics and lumbo-sacral kinetics during the standard bowing postures of Islam and to compare these to kinematic and kinetic data gathered during a clinically recommended modified bowing posture. The study was a repeated measures within subject cross-over design with 33 healthy male Muslim participants. 3-D motion analysis data were gathered to calculate body joint angles during the two bowing postures. A 3-D biomechanical model was then used to calculate spinal loads. Paired t-test analyses showed that the use of the modified posture resulted in significantly less pelvic tilt range of motion and anterior shear force and compressive force L5/S1, at stages 1 and 5 of bowing. Although this study was conducted with healthy young Muslim males, the use of this modified bent knee posture is recommended for all Muslims with low back pain. Clinical trials are being considered to determine the clinical utility of this postural manoeuvre as an intervention. STATEMENT OF RELEVANCE: The presence of low back pain may hinder a Muslim's ability to use the traditional Islamic bowing posture. Muslims who have low back pain may benefit from adopting a modification to the traditional bowing posture, which has been found to reduce the loads and postural demands on the lower back.

Radius morphology and its effects on rotation with contoured and noncontoured plating of the proximal radius.

PubMed

Rupasinghe, Shavantha L; Poon, Peter C

2012-05-01

The radius has a sagittal bow and a coronal bow. Fractures are often treated with volar anterior plating. However, the sagittal bow is often overlooked when plating. This study looks at radial morphology and the effect of plating the proximal radius with straight plates and then contoured plates bowed in the sagittal plane. We report our findings and their effect on forearm rotation. Morphology was investigated in 14 radii. Attention was paid to the proximal shaft of the radius and its sagittal bow; from this, 6-, 7-, and 8-hole plates were contoured to fit this bow. A simple transverse fracture was then made at the apex of this bow in 23 cadaver arms. Supination and pronation were compared when plating with a straight plate and a contoured plate. Ten cadavers underwent ulna plating at the same level. The effect on rotation of fractures plated in the distal-third shaft was also measured. A significant reduction in rotation was found when a proximal radius fracture was plated with a straight plate compared with a contoured plate: 10.8°, 12.8°, and 21.7° for 6-, 7-, and 8-hole plates, respectively (P < .05). Forearm rotation was decreased further when a longer plate was used. Ulna or distal shaft plating did not reduce rotation. This study has shown a significant sagittal bow of the proximal shaft of the radius. Plating this with contoured plates in the sagittal plane improves rotation when compared with straight plates. Additional ulna plating is not a source of reduced forearm rotation. Copyright © 2012 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

IRC -10414: a bow-shock-producing red supergiant star

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gvaramadze, V. V.; Menten, K. M.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Langer, N.; Mackey, J.; Kraus, A.; Meyer, D. M.-A.; Kamiński, T.

2014-01-01

Most runaway OB stars, like the majority of massive stars residing in their parent clusters, go through the red supergiant (RSG) phase during their lifetimes. Nonetheless, although many dozens of massive runaways were found to be associated with bow shocks, only two RSG bow-shock-producing stars, Betelgeuse and μ Cep, are known to date. In this paper, we report the discovery of an arc-like nebula around the late M-type star IRC -10414 using the SuperCOSMOS H-alpha Survey. Our spectroscopic follow-up of IRC -10414 with the Southern African Large Telescope (SALT) showed that it is a M7 supergiant, which supports previous claims on the RSG nature of this star based on observations of its maser emission. This was reinforced by our new radio- and (sub)millimetre-wavelength molecular line observations made with the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12-m telescope and the Effelsberg 100-m radio telescope, respectively. The SALT spectrum of the nebula indicates that its emission is the result of shock excitation. This finding along with the arc-like shape of the nebula and an estimate of the space velocity of IRC -10414 (≈70 ± 20 km s-1) imply the bow shock interpretation for the nebula. Thus, IRC -10414 represents the third case of a bow-shock-producing RSG and the first one with a bow shock visible at optical wavelengths. We discuss the smooth appearance of the bow shocks around IRC -10414 and Betelgeuse and propose that one of the necessary conditions for stability of bow shocks generated by RSGs is the ionization of the stellar wind. Possible ionization sources of the wind of IRC -10414 are proposed and discussed.

Fluvial processes and passive rehabilitation of the Lisbon Bottom side-channel chute, Lower Missouri River

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jacobson, Robert B.; Laustrup, Mark S.; Chapman, Michael D.

2001-01-01

Multiple large floods in 1993-1997 on the Lower Missouri River carved a side-channel chute through the river bottom at Lisbon, Missouri. Although similar in some respects to engineered side-channel chutes designed for habitat rehabilitation projects, the Lisbon Bottom chute has been unique in that it was allowed to evolve for more than four years with minimal stabilization. During the wet years, 1996-1999, the chute was subjected to abnormally high discharges and passed as much as 20% of the total discharge of the Missouri River. Relatively unrestrained fluvial processes during this time created a wide channel with highly diverse habitats. The upper one-half of the chute established a shallow, braided channel morphology similar to the pre-managed Missouri River. The lower half established a dynamically migrating, single-thread channel, and an incipient flood plain. Compared to the adjacent navigation channel, the chute established substantial areas of shallow, slow-velocity aquatic habitat that is considered to be in short supply in the present-day Lower Missouri River. The shortterm biological benefits have been mixed: the chute has fewer waterbird and benthic macroinvertebrate taxa than adjacent riverine habitats, but greater numbers of fish species compared to the navigation channel.

Analysis of the Giacobini-Zinner bow wave

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, E. J.; Slavin, J. A.; Bame, S. J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Cowley, S. W. H.; Richardson, I. G.; Hovestadt, D.; Ipavich, F. M.; Ogilvie, K. W.; Coplan, M. A.

1986-01-01

The cometary bow wave of P/Giacobini-Zinner has been analyzed using the complete set of ICE field and particle observations to determine if it is a shock. Changes in the magnetic field and plasma flow velocities from upstream to downstream have been analyzed to determine the direction of the normal and the propagation velocity of the bow wave. The velocity has then been compared with the fast magnetosonic wave speed upstream to derive the Mach number and establish whether it is supersonic, i.e., a shock, or subsonic, i.e., a large amplitude wave. The various measurements have also been compared with values derived from a Rankine-Hugoniot analysis. The results indicate that, inbound, the bow wave is a shock with M = 1.5. Outbound, a subsonic Mach number is obtained, however, arguments are presented that the bow wave is also likely to be a shock at this location.

Medicine Bow wind project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nelson, L. L.

1982-05-01

The Bureau of Reclamation (Bureau) conducted studies for a wind turbine field of 100 MW at a site near Medicine Bow, WY, one of the windiest areas in the United States. The wind turbine system would be electrically interconnected to the existing Federal power grid through the substation at Medicine Bow. Power output from the wind turbines would thus be integrated with the existing hydroelectric system, which serves as the energy storage system. An analysis based on 'willingness to pay' was developed. Based on information from the Department of Energy's Western Area Power Administration (Western), it was assumed that 90 mills per kWh would represent the 'willingness to pay' for onpeak power, and 45 mills per kWh for offpeak power. The report concludes that a 100-MW wind field at Medicine Bow has economic and financial feasibility. The Bureau's construction of the Medicine Bow wind field could demonstrate to the industry the feasibility of wind energy.

Electron velocity distributions near the earth's bow shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Feldman, W. C.; Anderson, R. C.; Bame, S. J.; Gary, S. P.; Gosling, J. T.; Mccomas, D. J.; Thomsen, M. F.; Paschmann, G.; Hoppe, M. M.

1983-01-01

New information is presented on the general characteristics of electron distribution functions upstream, within, and downstream of the earth's bow shock, thereby providing new insights into the instabilities in collisionless shocks. The results presented are from a survey of electron velocity distributions measured near the earth's bow shock between October 1977 and December 1978 using the Los Alamos/Garching plasma instrumentation aboard ISEE 2. A wide variety of distribution shapes is found within the different plasma regions in close proximity to the bow shock. It is found that these shapes can be classified into general types that are characteristic of three different plasma regions, namely the upstream region or electron foreshock, the shock proper where most of the heating occurs, and the downstream region or the magnetosheath. Evidence is provided that field-aligned, rather than cross-field, instabilities are the major source of electron dissipation in the earth's bow shock.

Mechanical Systems Development and Integration for a Second Generation Robot Submarine.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-05-01

for various scientific ii endeavors. As such, there will be times when the sub- marine must be disassembled for maintenance. This chapter is intended...STBD Side Scan Array 2 Port Side Scan Array 3 Comunications Sonar 4 Pinger 5 Bottom Finding Sonar 6 Collision Avoidance Sonar 7 Gel Cell Battery 8

Displacements of Metallic Thermal Protection System Panels During Reentry

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daryabeigi, Kamran; Blosser, Max L.; Wurster, Kathryn E.

2006-01-01

Bowing of metallic thermal protection systems for reentry of a previously proposed single-stage-to-orbit reusable launch vehicle was studied. The outer layer of current metallic thermal protection system concepts typically consists of a honeycomb panel made of a high temperature nickel alloy. During portions of reentry when the thermal protection system is exposed to rapidly varying heating rates, a significant temperature gradient develops across the honeycomb panel thickness, resulting in bowing of the honeycomb panel. The deformations of the honeycomb panel increase the roughness of the outer mold line of the vehicle, which could possibly result in premature boundary layer transition, resulting in significantly higher downstream heating rates. The aerothermal loads and parameters for three locations on the centerline of the windward side of this vehicle were calculated using an engineering code. The transient temperature distributions through a metallic thermal protection system were obtained using 1-D finite volume thermal analysis, and the resulting displacements of the thermal protection system were calculated. The maximum deflection of the thermal protection system throughout the reentry trajectory was 6.4 mm. The maximum ratio of deflection to boundary layer thickness was 0.032. Based on previously developed distributed roughness correlations, it was concluded that these defections will not result in tripping the hypersonic boundary layer.

20. Underside of swingspan showing bottom truss chords, floor beams ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

20. Underside of swing-span showing bottom truss chords, floor beams and stringers. The draw rests on the end-lift pedestals (end ram supports) at each side of the masonry rest pier. The end-lift drive shaft is supported from the center of the draw. (Nov. 25, 1988) - University Heights Bridge, Spanning Harlem River at 207th Street & West Harlem Road, New York County, NY

33 CFR 401.12 - Minimum requirements-mooring lines and fairleads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... forward and one mooring line shall lead astern from the break of the bow and shall be independently power... shall lead forward from the break of the bow and one line shall lead astern from the quarter and be... astern from the break of the bow through chocks to suitable mooring bitts on deck; (2) Vessels of more...

Ionospheric Bow Wave Induced by the Moon Shadow Ship Over the Continent of United States on 21 August 2017

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yang-Yi; Liu, Jann-Yenq; Lin, Charles Chien-Hung; Lin, Chi-Yen; Shen, Ming-Hsueh; Chen, Chieh-Hung; Chen, Chia-Hung; Chou, Min-Yang

2018-01-01

A moon shadow of the total solar eclipse swept through the continent of United States (CONUS) from west to east on 21 August 2017. Massive total electron content (integration of electron density from 0 km to 20,200 km altitude) observations from 2,255 ground-based Global Navigation Satellite System receivers show that the moon shadow ship generates a great ionospheric bow wave front which extends 1,500 km away from the totality path covering the entire CONUS. The bow wave front consists of the acoustic shock wave due to the supersonic/near-supersonic moon shadow ship and the significant plasma recombination due to the reduction in solar irradiation within the shadow area. The deep bow wave trough (-0.02 total electron content unit (1 TECU = 1016 el m-2) area) nearly coincides with the 100% obscuration moving along the totality path over the CONUS through the entire eclipse period. The supersonic moon shadow ship induces a bow wave crest in front of the ship ( 80% obscuration). It is the first time to find the acoustic shock wave-formed bow wave trough and crest near the totality.

4U 1907+09: an HMXB running away from the Galactic plane

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gvaramadze, V. V.; Röser, S.; Scholz, R.-D.; Schilbach, E.

2011-05-01

We report the discovery of a bow shock around the high-mass X-ray binary (HMXB) 4U 1907+09 using the Spitzer Space Telescope 24 μm data (after Vela X-1 the second example of bow shocks associated with HMXBs). The detection of the bow shock implies that 4U 1907+09 is moving through space with a high (supersonic) peculiar velocity. To confirm the runaway nature of 4U 1907+09, we measured its proper motion, which for an adopted distance to the system of 4 kpc corresponds to a peculiar transverse velocity of ≃ 160 ± 115 km s-1, meaning that 4U 1907+09 is indeed a runaway system. This also supports the general belief that most HMXBs possess high space velocities. The direction of motion of 4U 1907+09 inferred from the proper motion measurement is consistent with the orientation of the symmetry axis of the bow shock, and shows that the HMXB is running away from the Galactic plane. We also present the Spitzer images of the bow shock around Vela X-1 (a system similar to 4U 1907+09) and compare it with the bow shock generated by 4U 1907+09.

Severe lateral tibial bowing with short stature in two siblings--a provisionally novel syndrome.

PubMed

Zitano, Lia; Loder, Randall T; Cohen, Mervyn D; Weaver, David D

2012-09-01

In this report, we describe two siblings with short stature and severe lateral tibial bowing. In the younger sibling, the bowing was bilateral, while in the older sib, it was unilateral. However, both showed bilateral abnormalities of the distal tibial epiphyses and growth plates. Pseudoarthrosis of the left distal tibial metaphysis and subsequent spontaneous resolution of the abnormality occurred in the younger sibling. The fibulas of both children were of normal diameter and were straight, except for the distal ends. Surgery has almost completely corrected the lower leg bowing in both patients. The type of tibial bowing seen in these children can be associated with a number of syndromes, such as neurofibromatosis type I, Weismann-Netter syndrome, and a variety of environmental caused disorders, such as vitamin D deficient rickets. However, the severity of the bowing present in our patients and the absence of other clinical features differentiates this condition from those reported in the literature. We posit that the condition in the children presented here represents an as yet undescribed syndrome, which is likely to be of genetic origin. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Bow-tie diagrams for risk management in anaesthesia.

PubMed

Culwick, M D; Merry, A F; Clarke, D M; Taraporewalla, K J; Gibbs, N M

2016-11-01

Bow-tie analysis is a risk analysis and management tool that has been readily adopted into routine practice in many high reliability industries such as engineering, aviation and emergency services. However, it has received little exposure so far in healthcare. Nevertheless, its simplicity, versatility, and pictorial display may have benefits for the analysis of a range of healthcare risks, including complex and multiple risks and their interactions. Bow-tie diagrams are a combination of a fault tree and an event tree, which when combined take the shape of a bow tie. Central to bow-tie methodology is the concept of an undesired or 'Top Event', which occurs if a hazard progresses past all prevention controls. Top Events may also occasionally occur idiosyncratically. Irrespective of the cause of a Top Event, mitigation and recovery controls may influence the outcome. Hence the relationship of hazard to outcome can be viewed in one diagram along with possible causal sequences or accident trajectories. Potential uses for bow-tie diagrams in anaesthesia risk management include improved understanding of anaesthesia hazards and risks, pre-emptive identification of absent or inadequate hazard controls, investigation of clinical incidents, teaching anaesthesia risk management, and demonstrating risk management strategies to third parties when required.

Primary bowing tremor: a task-specific movement disorder of string instrumentalists.

PubMed

Lederman, Richard J

2012-12-01

Fear of a tremulous or unsteady bow is widespread among string instrumentalists. Faulty technique and performance anxiety have generally been blamed. The cases of 4 high-level violinists and 1 violist, 3 women and 2 men, with uncontrollable bow tremor are presented. Age at onset was from 16 to 75 years, and symptom duration 8 months to 20 years at the time of neurological evaluation. The degree of tremor varied with type of bow stroke and even the portion of the bow contacting the string. Only 1 patient had a slight postural tremor of the opposite limb. In 3 of 5 the tremor was task-specific; the other 2 had mild and nontroubling tremor with other activities. The tremor appeared to worsen over time but then seemed to stabilize. The characteristics of this tremor appear to be distinguishable from the features of both essential tremor and focal dystonia; comparison is made with representative string players afflicted by these other disorders. Analogy of this tremor is made with primary writing tremor, a well-defined task-specific movement disorder also sharing at least some features with both essential tremor and writers' cramp, a focal dystonia. Hence, it was decided to call this primary bowing tremor. Clinical features, family history, diagnostic studies, and responsiveness to treatment of primary writing tremor are discussed to emphasize the similarity to primary bowing tremor. This appears to represent a previously unreported form of task-specific movement disorder of string instrumentalists.

Global MHD Simulations of the Earth's Bow Shock Shape and Motion Under Variable Solar Wind Conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mejnertsen, L.; Eastwood, J. P.; Hietala, H.; Schwartz, S. J.; Chittenden, J. P.

2018-01-01

Empirical models of the Earth's bow shock are often used to place in situ measurements in context and to understand the global behavior of the foreshock/bow shock system. They are derived statistically from spacecraft bow shock crossings and typically treat the shock surface as a conic section parameterized according to a uniform solar wind ram pressure, although more complex models exist. Here a global magnetohydrodynamic simulation is used to analyze the variability of the Earth's bow shock under real solar wind conditions. The shape and location of the bow shock is found as a function of time, and this is used to calculate the shock velocity over the shock surface. The results are compared to existing empirical models. Good agreement is found in the variability of the subsolar shock location. However, empirical models fail to reproduce the two-dimensional shape of the shock in the simulation. This is because significant solar wind variability occurs on timescales less than the transit time of a single solar wind phase front over the curved shock surface. Empirical models must therefore be used with care when interpreting spacecraft data, especially when observations are made far from the Sun-Earth line. Further analysis reveals a bias to higher shock speeds when measured by virtual spacecraft. This is attributed to the fact that the spacecraft only observes the shock when it is in motion. This must be accounted for when studying bow shock motion and variability with spacecraft data.

Remote Estimation of River Discharge and Bathymetry: Sensitivity to Turbulent Dissipation and Bottom Friction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simeonov, J.; Holland, K. T.

2016-12-01

We investigated the fidelity of a hierarchy of inverse models that estimate river bathymetry and discharge using measurements of surface currents and water surface elevation. Our most comprehensive depth inversion was based on the Shiono and Knight (1991) model that considers the depth-averaged along-channel momentum balance between the downstream pressure gradient due to gravity, the bottom drag and the lateral stresses induced by turbulence. The discharge was determined by minimizing the difference between the predicted and the measured streamwise variation of the total head. The bottom friction coefficient was assumed to be known or determined by alternative means. We also considered simplifications of the comprehensive inversion model that exclude the lateral mixing term from the momentum balance and assessed the effect of neglecting this term on the depth and discharge estimates for idealized in-bank flow in symmetric trapezoidal channels with width/depth ratio of 40 and different side-wall slopes. For these simple gravity-friction models, we used two different bottom friction parameterizations - a constant Darcy-Weisbach local friction and a depth-dependent friction related to the local depth and a constant Manning (roughness) coefficient. Our results indicated that the Manning gravity-friction model provides accurate estimates of the depth and the discharge that are within 1% of the assumed values for channels with side-wall slopes between 1/2 and 1/17. On the other hand, the constant Darcy-Weisbach friction model underpredicted the true depth and discharge by 7% and 9%, respectively, for the channel with side-wall slope of 1/17. These idealized modeling results suggest that a depth-dependent parameterization of the bottom friction is important for accurate inversion of depth and discharge and that the lateral turbulent mixing is not important. We also tested the comprehensive and the simplified inversion models for the Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry (Idaho) using in situ and remote sensing measurements of surface currents and water surface elevation obtained during a 2010 field experiment.

Spray shadowing for stress relief and mechanical locking in thick protective coatings

DOEpatents

Hollis, Kendall [Los Alamos, NM; Bartram, Brian [Los Alamos, NM

2007-05-22

A method for applying a protective coating on an article, comprising the following steps: selecting an article with a surface for applying a coating thickness; creating undercut grooves on the article, where the grooves depend beneath the surface to a bottom portion with the grooves having an upper width on the surface and a lower width on the bottom portion connected by side walls, where at least one of the side walls connects the upper width and the lower width to form an undercut angle with the surface less than 90.degree.; and, applying the protective coating onto the article to fill the undercut grooves and cover the surface, thereby forming weak paths within the protective coating.

The Assessment of the Ultimate Hull Girder Strength of RO-RO Ship after Damages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zubair Muis Alie, Muhammad; Sitepu, Ganding; Izaak Latumahin, Samuel

2018-03-01

Many accidents of Ro-Ro ships happen in Indonesia such as collision and grounding. When the collision or grounding takes place on the Ro-Ro ship, the ultimate strength of hull structure after damage becomes decrease. Car and passenger decks are critical location since collision and/or grounding occur. In the present study, the assessment of the ultimate hull girder strength is conducted. The cross section of Ro-Ro ship is taken to be analyzed. The collision and grounding damages are assumed to be palced on the side and bottom area, respectively. The damages are created by removing the element from the side shell and bottom part. Finally, the result obtained is compared with one another.

10. INTERIOR OF SOUTH SIDE ENCLOSED SCREEN PORCH SHOWING 1/2 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. INTERIOR OF SOUTH SIDE ENCLOSED SCREEN PORCH SHOWING 1/2 SCREEN DOOR TO EXTERIOR AND DOUBLE FRENCH DOORS TO DINING ROOM. HOLE AT BOTTOM LEFT OF 1/2 SCREEN DOOR WAS A CAT DOOR. VIEW TO EAST. - Big Creek Hydroelectric System, Powerhouse 8, Operator Cottage, Big Creek, Big Creek, Fresno County, CA

STS-5 crew onboard portrait on port side middeck

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1982-01-01

Crew onboard portrait taken on port side middeck shows Commander Brand holding Ace Moving Co sign (partially obscured, near center) and surrounded by Pilot Overmyer (in light t-shirt), Mission Specialist (MS) Allen (center bottom) and MS Lenoir (center top). The sign refers to the successful deployment of two commercial communications satellites on the flight's first two days.

STS-5 crew onboard portrait on port side middeck

NASA Image and Video Library

1982-11-16

Crew onboard portrait taken on port side middeck shows Commander Brand holding Ace Moving Co sign (partially obscured, near center) and surrounded by Pilot Overmyer (in light t-shirt), Mission Specialist (MS) Allen (center bottom) and MS Lenoir (center top). The sign refers to the successful deployment of two commercial communications satellites on the flight's first two days.

76 FR 16747 - Applications for New Awards; Hispanic-Serving Institutions STEM and Articulation Programs

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-25

...'' is 8.5'' x 11'' on, one side only, with 1'' margins at the top, bottom, and both sides. Double space... equipment, such as furniture, file cabinets, bookcases, typewriters, or word processors. (8) Payment of any... operational in nature rather than developmental in nature. We reference other regulations outlining funding...

THE ROLE OF PICKUP IONS ON THE STRUCTURE OF THE VENUSIAN BOW SHOCK AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR THE TERMINATION SHOCK

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lu Quanming; Shan Lican; Zhang Tielong

2013-08-20

The recent crossing of the termination shock by Voyager 2 has demonstrated the important role of pickup ions (PUIs) in the physics of collisionless shocks. The Venus Express (VEX) spacecraft orbits Venus in a 24 hr elliptical orbit that crosses the bow shock twice a day. VEX provides a unique opportunity to investigate the role of PUIs on the structure of collisionless shocks more generally. Using VEX observations, we find that the strength of the Venusian bow shock is weaker when solar activity is strong. We demonstrate that this surprising anti-correlation is due to PUIs mediating the Venusian bow shock.

Earth Observations taken by Expedition 41 crewmember

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-10-01

ISS041-E-057060 (1 Oct. 2014) --- One of the Expedition 41 crew members aboard the International Space Station, flying at an altitude of 220 nautical miles, photographed this night panorama of parts of Europe on Oct. 1, 2014. Kiev, Ukraine is seen near the right edge of the photo in the vertical center. Lights of Constanta, Romania can be seen just below the Russian Progress 56 cargo vehicle docked to the orbital outpost at the top of the frame. The Black Sea is to the left of the Soyuz TMA-13M docked to the station on the left side of the scene. The Sea of Azov is at the right of the bottom portion the Soyuz. Mariupol is near bottom center; and Donetsk, although it appears as a (bottom-most) tiny smudge on the right side of the image, has a population of just under five million. Krasnodar, Russia is in the bottom left corner. Part of Greece is in the top of the image near the solar panel of the Progress, with Thessaloniki and Sofia among the many bright lights. Part of Turkey is in upper left of the land mass visible. Pre-dawn light coming through the atmosphere gives the station hardware a bluish color.

Astronomy In Denver: Polarization of Stellar Wind Bow Shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Austin A.; Shrestha, Manisha; Wolfe, Tristan; Stencel, Robert E.; Hoffman, Jennifer L.

2018-06-01

When a star with stellar wind moves through the interstellar medium (ISM) at a relative supersonic velocity, an arch like structure known as a stellar wind bow shock is formed. Studying the characteristics of these structures can further our understanding of evolved stellar winds and the composition of the ISM. Observations of these structures have been performed for some time, but the recent discovery of many bow shock structures have opened more ways to study them. These stellar wind bow shocks display aspherical shapes, which cause light scattering through the dense shock material to become polarized. We selected a target star for observation using a catalog compiled from previous studies and observed it in polarized light with the University of Denver’s DUSTPol instrument. Our group has also simulated the polarization of stellar wind bow shocks using a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code. We present the data from our observations and compare them with the simulations. We also discuss the contribution of interstellar polarization to the data.

Polarization properties of bow shock sources close to the Galactic centre

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zajaček, M.; Karas, V.; Hosseini, E.; Eckart, A.; Shahzamanian, B.; Valencia-S., M.; Peissker, F.; Busch, G.; Britzen, S.; Zensus, J. A.

2017-12-01

Several bow shock sources were detected and resolved in the innermost parsec from the supermassive black hole in the Galactic centre. They show several distinct characteristics, including an excess towards mid-infrared wavelengths and a significant linear polarization as well as a characteristic prolonged bow-shock shape. These features give hints about the presence of a non-spherical dusty envelope generated by the bow shock. The Dusty S-cluster Object (also denoted as G2) shows similar characteristics and it is a candidate for the closest bow shock with a detected proper motion in the vicinity of Sgr A*, with the pericentre distance of only approx. 2000 Schwarzschild radii. However, in the continuum emission it is a point-like source and hence we use Monte Carlo radiative transfer modeling to reveal its possible three-dimensional structure. Alongside the spectral energy distribution, the detection of polarized continuum emission in the near-infrared Ks-band (2.2 micrometers) puts additional constraints on the geometry of the source.

BOWS (bioinformatics open web services) to centralize bioinformatics tools in web services.

PubMed

Velloso, Henrique; Vialle, Ricardo A; Ortega, J Miguel

2015-06-02

Bioinformaticians face a range of difficulties to get locally-installed tools running and producing results; they would greatly benefit from a system that could centralize most of the tools, using an easy interface for input and output. Web services, due to their universal nature and widely known interface, constitute a very good option to achieve this goal. Bioinformatics open web services (BOWS) is a system based on generic web services produced to allow programmatic access to applications running on high-performance computing (HPC) clusters. BOWS intermediates the access to registered tools by providing front-end and back-end web services. Programmers can install applications in HPC clusters in any programming language and use the back-end service to check for new jobs and their parameters, and then to send the results to BOWS. Programs running in simple computers consume the BOWS front-end service to submit new processes and read results. BOWS compiles Java clients, which encapsulate the front-end web service requisitions, and automatically creates a web page that disposes the registered applications and clients. Bioinformatics open web services registered applications can be accessed from virtually any programming language through web services, or using standard java clients. The back-end can run in HPC clusters, allowing bioinformaticians to remotely run high-processing demand applications directly from their machines.

Runaways and weathervanes: The shape of stellar bow shocks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Henney, W. J.; Tarango-Yong, J. A.

2017-11-01

Stellar bow shocks are the result of the supersonic interaction between a stellar wind and its environment. Some of these are "runaways": high-velocity stars that have been ejected from a star cluster. Others are "weather vanes", where it is the local interstellar medium itself that is moving, perhaps as the result of a champagne flow of ionized gas from a nearby HII region. We propose a new two-dimensional classification scheme for bow shapes, which is based on dimensionless geometric ratios that can be estimated from observational images. The two ratios are related to the flatness of the bow’s apex, which we term "planitude" and the openness of its wings, which we term "alatude". We calculate the inclination-dependent tracks on the planitude-alatude plane that are predicted by simple models for the bow shock shape. We also measure the shapes of bow shocks from three different observational datasets: mid-infrared arcs around hot main-sequence stars, far-infrared arcs around luminous cool stars, and emission-line arcs around proplyds and other young stars in the Orion Nebula. Clear differences are found between the different datasets in their distributions on the planitude-alatude plane, which can be used to constrain the physics of the bow shock interaction and emission mechanisms in the different classes of object.

The Milky Way Project: A Citizen Science Catalog of Infrared Bow Shock Nebulae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dixon, Don; Jayasinghe, Tharindu; Povich, Matthew S.

2017-01-01

We present preliminary results from the first citizen-science search for infrared stellar-wind bow shock candidates. This search uses the Milky Way project, hosted by the Zooniverse, an online platform with over 1 million volunteer citizen scientists. Milky Way Project volunteers examine 77,000 randomly-distributed Spitzer image cutouts at varying zoom levels. Volunteers mark the infrared arc of potential bow shock candidates as well as the star likely driving the nebula. We produce lists of candidates from bow shocks flagged by multiple volunteers, which after merging and final visual review form the basis for our catalog. Comparing our new catalog to a recently-published catalog of 709 infrared bow shock candidates identified by a small team of (primarily undergraduate) researchers will allow us to assess the effectiveness of citizen science for this type of search and should yield a more complete catalog. Planned studies using these large catalogs will improve constraints on the mass-loss rates for the massive stars that create these bow shock nebulae. Mass-loss rates are highly uncertain but are a critical component of evolutionary models for massive stars. This work is supported by the National Science Foundation under grants CAREER-1454334, AST-1411851 (RUI) and AST-1412845.

Proper motions of five OB stars with candidate dusty bow shocks in the Carina Nebula

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kiminki, Megan M.; Smith, Nathan; Reiter, Megan; Bally, John

2017-06-01

We constrain the proper motions of five OB stars associated with candidate stellar wind bow shocks in the Carina Nebula using Hubble Space Telescope ACS imaging over 9-10 yr baselines. These proper motions allow us to directly compare each star's motion to the orientation of its candidate bow shock. Although these stars are saturated in our imaging, we assess their motion by the shifts required to minimize residuals in their airy rings. The results limit the direction of each star's motion to sectors less than 90° wide. None of the five stars are moving away from the Carina Nebula's central clusters as runaway stars would be, confirming that a candidate bow shock is not necessarily indicative of a runaway star. Two of the five stars are moving tangentially relative to the orientation of their candidate bow shocks, both of which point at the OB cluster Trumpler 14. In these cases, the large-scale flow of the interstellar medium, powered by feedback from the cluster, appears to dominate over the motion of the star in producing the observed candidate bow shock. The remaining three stars all have some component of motion towards the central clusters, meaning that we cannot distinguish whether their candidate bow shocks are indicators of stellar motion, of the flow of ambient gas or of density gradients in their surroundings. In addition, these stars' lack of outward motion hints that the distributed massive-star population in Carina's South Pillars region formed in place, rather than migrating out from the association's central clusters.

Reproduction accuracy of articulator mounting with an arbitrary face-bow vs. average values-a controlled, randomized, blinded patient simulator study.

PubMed

Ahlers, M Oliver; Edelhoff, Daniel; Jakstat, Holger A

2018-06-21

The benefit from positioning the maxillary casts with the aid of face-bows has been questioned in the past. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the reliability and validity of arbitrary face-bow transfers compared to a process solely based on the orientation by means of average values. For optimized validity, the study was conducted using a controlled, randomized, anonymized, and blinded patient simulator study design. Thirty-eight undergraduate dental students were randomly divided into two groups; both groups were applied to both methods, in opposite sequences. Investigated methods were the transfer of casts using an arbitrary face-bow in comparison to the transfer using average values based on Bonwill's triangle and the Balkwill angle. The "patient" used in this study was a patient simulator. All casts were transferred to the same individual articulator, and all the transferred casts were made using type IV special hard stone plaster; for the attachment into the articulator, type II plaster was used. A blinded evaluation was performed based on three-dimensional measurements of three reference points. The results are presented three-dimensionally in scatterplots. Statistical analysis indicated a significantly smaller variance (Student's t test, p < 0.05) for the transfer using a face-bow, applicable for all three reference points. The use of an arbitrary face-bow significantly improves the transfer reliability and hence the validity. To simulate the patient situation in an individual articulator correctly, casts should be transferred at least by means of an arbitrary face-bow.

Large Scale Earth's Bow Shock with Northern IMF as Simulated by PIC Code in Parallel with MHD Model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baraka, Suleiman

2016-06-01

In this paper, we propose a 3D kinetic model (particle-in-cell, PIC) for the description of the large scale Earth's bow shock. The proposed version is stable and does not require huge or extensive computer resources. Because PIC simulations work with scaled plasma and field parameters, we also propose to validate our code by comparing its results with the available MHD simulations under same scaled solar wind (SW) and (IMF) conditions. We report new results from the two models. In both codes the Earth's bow shock position is found to be ≈14.8 R E along the Sun-Earth line, and ≈29 R E on the dusk side. Those findings are consistent with past in situ observations. Both simulations reproduce the theoretical jump conditions at the shock. However, the PIC code density and temperature distributions are inflated and slightly shifted sunward when compared to the MHD results. Kinetic electron motions and reflected ions upstream may cause this sunward shift. Species distributions in the foreshock region are depicted within the transition of the shock (measured ≈2 c/ ω pi for Θ Bn = 90° and M MS = 4.7) and in the downstream. The size of the foot jump in the magnetic field at the shock is measured to be (1.7 c/ ω pi ). In the foreshocked region, the thermal velocity is found equal to 213 km s-1 at 15 R E and is equal to 63 km s -1 at 12 R E (magnetosheath region). Despite the large cell size of the current version of the PIC code, it is powerful to retain macrostructure of planets magnetospheres in very short time, thus it can be used for pedagogical test purposes. It is also likely complementary with MHD to deepen our understanding of the large scale magnetosphere.

Science to support adaptive habitat management: Overton Bottoms North Unit, Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge, Missouri [Volumes 1-6

USGS Publications Warehouse

Jacobson, Robert B.

2006-01-01

Extensive efforts are underway along the Lower Missouri River to rehabilitate ecosystem functions in the channel and flood plain. Considerable uncertainty inevitably accompanies ecosystem restoration efforts, indicating the benefits of an adaptive management approach in which management actions are treated as experiments, and results provide information to feed back into the management process. The Overton Bottoms North Unit of the Big Muddy National Fish and Wildlife Refuge is a part of the Missouri River Fish and Wildlife Habitat Mitigation Project. The dominant management action at the Overton Bottoms North Unit has been excavation of a side-channel chute to increase hydrologic connectivity and to enhance shallow, slow current-velocity habitat. The side-channel chute also promises to increase hydrologic gradients, and may serve to alter patterns of wetland inundation and vegetation community growth in undesired ways. The U.S. Geological Survey's Central Region Integrated Studies Program (CRISP) undertook interdisciplinary research at the Overton Bottoms North Unit in 2003 to address key areas of scientific uncertainty that were highly relevant to ongoing adaptive management of the site, and to the design of similar rehabilitation projects on the Lower Missouri River. This volume presents chapters documenting the surficial geologic, topographic, surface-water, and ground-water framework of the Overton Bottoms North Unit. Retrospective analysis of vegetation community trends over the last 10 years is used to evaluate vegetation responses to reconnection of the Overton Bottoms North Unit to the river channel. Quasi-experimental analysis of cottonwood growth rate variation along hydrologic gradients is used to evaluate sensitivity of terrestrial vegetation to development of aquatic habitats. The integrated, landscape-specific understanding derived from these studies illustrates the value of scientific information in design and management of rehabilitation projects.

Integrated Duo Wavelength VCSEL Using an Electrically Pumped GaInAs/AlGaAs 980 nm Cavity at the Bottom and an Optically Pumped GaInAs/AlGaInAs 1550 nm Cavity on the Top

PubMed Central

Islam, Samiha Ishrat; Islam, Arnob; Islam, Saiful

2014-01-01

In this work, an integrated single chip dual cavity VCSEL has been designed which comprises an electrically pumped 980 nm bottom VCSEL section fabricated using GaInAs/AlGaAs MQW active region and a 1550 nm top VCSEL section constructed using GaInAs/AlGaInAs MQW active region but optically pumped using half of the produced 980 nm light entering into it from the electrically pumped bottom cavity. In this design, the active region of the intracavity structure 980 nm VCSEL consists of 3 quantum wells (QWs) using Ga0.847In0.153As, 2 barriers using Al0.03Ga0.97As, and 2 separate confinement heterostructures (SCH) using the same material as the barrier. The active region of the top emitting 1550 nm VCSEL consists of 3 QWs using Ga0.47In0.52As, 2 barriers using Al0.3Ga0.17In0.53As, and 2 SCHs using the same material as the barrier. The top DBR and the bottom DBR mirror systems of the 1550 nm VCSEL section plus the top and bottom DBR mirror systems of the 980 nm VCSEL section have been formed using GaAs/Al0.8Ga0.2As. Computations show that the VCSEL is capable of producing 8.5 mW of power at 980 nm from the bottom side and 2 mW of power at the 1550 nm from top side. PMID:27379335

In-situ wafer bowing measurements of GaN grown on Si (111) substrate by reflectivity mapping in metal organic chemical vapor deposition system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Yi-Bin; Liu, Ming-Gang; Chen, Wei-Jie; Han, Xiao-Biao; Chen, Jie; Lin, Xiu-Qi; Lin, Jia-Li; Luo, Hui; Liao, Qiang; Zang, Wen-Jie; Chen, Yin-Song; Qiu, Yun-Ling; Wu, Zhi-Sheng; Liu, Yang; Zhang, Bai-Jun

2015-09-01

In this work, the wafer bowing during growth can be in-situ measured by a reflectivity mapping method in the 3×2″ Thomas Swan close coupled showerhead metal organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) system. The reflectivity mapping method is usually used to measure the film thickness and growth rate. The wafer bowing caused by stresses (tensile and compressive) during the epitaxial growth leads to a temperature variation at different positions on the wafer, and the lower growth temperature leads to a faster growth rate and vice versa. Therefore, the wafer bowing can be measured by analyzing the discrepancy of growth rates at different positions on the wafer. Furthermore, the wafer bowings were confirmed by the ex-situ wafer bowing measurement. High-resistivity and low-resistivity Si substrates were used for epitaxial growth. In comparison with low-resistivity Si substrate, GaN grown on high-resistivity substrate shows a larger wafer bowing caused by the highly compressive stress introduced by compositionally graded AlGaN buffer layer. This transition of wafer bowing can be clearly in-situ measured by using the reflectivity mapping method. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 61274039 and 51177175), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2011CB301903), the Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China (Grant No. 20110171110021), the International Science and Technology Collaboration Program of China (Grant No. 2012DFG52260), the International Science and Technology Collaboration Program of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2013B051000041), the Science and Technology Plan of Guangdong Province, China (Grant No. 2013B010401013), the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (Grant No. 2014AA032606), and the Opened Fund of the State Key Laboratory on Integrated Optoelectronics, China (Grant No. IOSKL2014KF17).

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yang, K; Li, X; Liu, B

Purpose: To accurately measure CT bow-tie profiles from various manufacturers and to provide non-proprietary information for CT system modeling. Methods: A GOS-based linear detector (0.8 mm per pixel and 51.2 cm in length) with a fast data sampling speed (0.24 ms/sample) was used to measure the relative profiles of bow-tie filters from a collection of eight CT scanners by three different vendors, GE (LS Xtra, LS VCT, Discovery HD750), Siemens (Sensation 64, Edge, Flash, Force), and Philips (iBrilliance 256). The linear detector was first calibrated for its energy response within typical CT beam quality ranges and compared with an ionmore » chamber and analytical modeling (SPECTRA and TASMIP). A geometrical calibration process was developed to determine key parameters including the distance from the focal spot to the linear detector, the angular increment of the gantry at each data sampling, the location of the central x-ray on the linear detector, and the angular response of the detector pixel. Measurements were performed under axial-scan modes for most representative bow-tie filters and kV selections from each scanner. Bow-tie profiles were determined by re-binning the measured rotational data with an angular accuracy of 0.1 degree using the calibrated geometrical parameters. Results: The linear detector demonstrated an energy response as a solid state detector, which is close to the CT imaging detector. The geometrical calibration was proven to be sufficiently accurate (< 1mm in error for distances >550 mm) and the bow-tie profiles measured from rotational mode matched closely to those from the gantry-stationary mode. Accurate profiles were determined for a total of 21 bow-tie filters and 83 filter/kV combinations from the abovementioned scanner models. Conclusion: A new improved approach of CT bow-tie measurement was proposed and accurate bow-tie profiles were provided for a broad list of CT scanner models.« less

Polarized bow shocks reveal features of the winds and environments of massive stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrestha, Manisha

2018-01-01

Massive stars strongly affect their surroundings through their energetic stellar winds and deaths as supernovae. The bow shock structures created by fast-moving massive stars contain important information about the winds and ultimate fates of these stars as well as their local interstellar medium (ISM). Since bow shocks are aspherical, the light scattered in the dense shock material becomes polarized. Analyzing this polarization reveals details of the bow shock geometry as well as the composition, velocity, density, and albedo of the scattering material. With these quantities, we can constrain the properties of the stellar wind and thus the evolutionary state of the star, as well as the dust composition of the local ISM.In my dissertation research, I use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code that I optimized to simulate the polarization signatures produced by both resolved and unresolved stellar wind bow shocks (SWBS) illuminated by a central star and by shock emission. I derive bow shock shapes and densities from published analytical calculations and smooth particle hydrodynamic (SPH) models. In the case of the analytical SWBS and electron scattering, I find that higher optical depths produce higher polarization and position angle rotations at specific viewing angles compared to theoretical predictions for low optical depths. This is due to the geometrical properties of the bow shock combined with multiple scattering effects. For dust scattering, the polarization signature is strongly affected by wavelength, dust grain properties, and viewing angle. The behavior of the polarization as a function of wavelength in these cases can distinguish among different dust models for the local ISM. In the case of SPH density structures, I investigate how the polarization changes as a function of the evolutionary phase of the SWBS. My dissertation compares these simulations with polarization data from Betelgeuse and other massive stars with bow shocks. I discuss the implications of these model for the stellar winds and interstellar environments of these influential objects.

A program of data synthesis from the ALSEP/CPLEE ALSEP/SIDE, and Explorer 35 magnetometer to investigate lunar terminator and nightside particle fluxes and surface interactions. Final technical report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reasoner, D.L.

1976-02-02

Lunar nightside electron fluxes were studied with the aid of the ALSEP/CPLEE and other instruments. The flux events were shown to be due to (a) electrons propagating upstream from the earth's bow shock, (b) electrons thermalized and scattered to the lunar surface by disturbances along the boundary of the lunar solarwind cavity, and (c) solar wind electrons scattered to the lunar surface by lunar limb shocks and/or compressional disturbances. These electrons were identified as a cause of the high night surface negative potentials observed in tha ALSEP/SIDE ion data. A study was also made of the shadowing of magnetotail plasmamore » sheet electrons by interactions between the lunar body and the ambient magnetic field and by interactions between charged particles and lunar remnant magnetic fields. These shadowing effects were shown to modify lunar surface and near-lunar potential distributions. (Author) (GRA)« less

Mach 6 flow field surveys beneath the forebody of an airbreathing missile

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, P. J.; Hunt, J. L.

1986-01-01

Wall static, local stream static, and pitot pressure surveys were made on the windward side of a hypersonic airbreathing missile at full-scale length Reynolds numbers. In the inviscid part of the flow field, the experimental massflow ratios agreed with trends predicted by a three-dimensional method-of-characteristics solution. At a longitudinal station 3.5 diameters downstrea of the nose, the boundary layer was transitional or turbulent at zero incidence but became laminar as the angle of attack increased. The bell-shaped distribution of the boundary layer across the width of the body affected the mass flow distribution out to the bow shock and decreased the mass flow available the engine inlet.

Mesoscale Surface Pressure and Temperature Features Associated with Bow Echoes

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-01-01

contain several bowing segments. These multiple segments could occur at the same time and be located within the same bow, such as the serial derecho ...Examination of derecho environments using proximity soundings. Wea. Forecasting, 16, 329–342. Fovell, R. G., 2002: Upstream influence of numerically...Se- vere Local Storms, Hyannis, MA, Amer. Meteor. Soc., 4.6. Johns, R. H., and W. D. Hirt, 1987: Derechos : Widespread con- vectively induced

EVAPORATION OF ICY PLANETESIMALS DUE TO BOW SHOCKS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Tanaka, Kyoko K.; Yamamoto, Tetsuo; Tanaka, Hidekazu

2013-02-20

We present the novel concept of evaporation of planetesimals as a result of bow shocks associated with planetesimals orbiting with supersonic velocities relative to the gas in a protoplanetary disk. We evaluate the evaporation rates of the planetesimals based on a simple model describing planetesimal heating and evaporation by the bow shock. We find that icy planetesimals with radius {approx}>100 km evaporate efficiently even outside the snow line in the stage of planetary oligarchic growth, where strong bow shocks are produced by gravitational perturbations from protoplanets. The obtained results suggest that the formation of gas giant planets is suppressed owingmore » to insufficient accretion of icy planetesimals onto the protoplanet within the {approx}<5 AU disk region.« less

Sedentism, social change, warfare, and the bow in the ancient Pueblo Southwest.

PubMed

Reed, Paul F; Geib, Phil R

2013-01-01

In the ancient American Southwest, use of the bow developed relatively rapidly among Pueblo people by the fifth century AD. This new technology replaced the millennia-old atlatl and dart weaponry system. Roughly 150 years later in the AD 600s, Pueblo socioeconomic organization began to evolve rapidly, as many groups adopted a much more sedentary life. Multiple factors converged to allow this sedentary pattern to emerge, but the role of the bow in this process has not been fully explored. In this paper, we trace the development of the bow and discuss its role as sedentism emerged and social changes occurred in ancient Puebloan society from the fifth through seventh centuries AD. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

[Development Of 25-Year Imp 8 Bow Shock Crossing "List, Ingestion Of This List To Cdaweb, & Enhancement"

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Merka, J.; Szabo, A.; Narock, T. W.; King, J. H.; Paularena, K. I.; Richardson, J. D.

2003-01-01

The MIT portion of this project was to use the plasma data from IMP 8 to identify bow shock crossings for construction of a bow shock data base. In collaboration with Goddard, we determined which shock parameters would be included in the catalog and developed a set of flags for characterizing the data. IMP 8 data from 1973-2001 were surveyed for bow shock crossings; the crossings apparent in the plasma data were compared to a list of crossing chosen in the magnetometer data by Goddard. Differences were reconciled to produce a single list. The data were then provided to the NSSDC for archiving. All the work ascribed to MIT in the proposal was completed.

22. Engine room, as seen from starboard side, forward corner. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

22. Engine room, as seen from starboard side, forward corner. In left foreground is centrifugal water pump driven by a two-cylinder steam reciprocating engine to supply water to trim tanks. Center of view shows hot well for main engine, and at right is bottom of cylinder, condenser, and valve chest of main (walking beam) engine. X-braces in left side of image are stiffening trusses for the hull. - Steamboat TICONDEROGA, Shelburne Museum Route 7, Shelburne, Chittenden County, VT

System for loading slab-gel holders for electrophoresis separation

DOEpatents

Anderson, Norman G.; Anderson, Norman L.

1979-01-01

A slab-gel loading system includes a prismatic chamber for filling a plurality of slab-gel holders simultaneously. Each slab-gel holder comprises a pair of spaced apart plates defining an intermediate volume for gel containment. The holders are vertically positioned in the chamber with their major surfaces parallel to the chamber end walls. A liquid inlet is provided at the corner between the bottom and a side wall of the chamber for distributing a polymerizable monomer solution or a coagulable colloidal solution into each of the holders. The chamber is rotatably supported so that filling can begin with the corner having the liquid inlet directed downwardly such that the solution is gently funneled upwardly, without mixing, along the diverging side and bottom surfaces. As filling proceeds, the chamber is gradually rotated to position the bottom wall in a horizontal mode. The liquid filling means includes a plastic envelope with a septum dividing it into two compartments for intermixing two solutions of different density and thereby providing a liquid flow having a density gradient. The resulting gels have a density gradient between opposite edges for subsequent use in electrophoresis separations.

49 CFR 173.175 - Permeation devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

..., flat and horizontal surface from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet): (i) One drop flat on the bottom; (ii) One drop flat on the top; (iii) One drop flat on the long side; (iv) One drop flat on the short side... stacked to a height of 3 m (10 feet) (including the test sample). (3) Each of the above tests may be...

49 CFR 173.175 - Permeation devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., flat and horizontal surface from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet): (i) One drop flat on the bottom; (ii) One drop flat on the top; (iii) One drop flat on the long side; (iv) One drop flat on the short side; (v) One drop on a corner at the junction of three intersecting edges; and (2) A force applied to the...

49 CFR 173.175 - Permeation devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., flat and horizontal surface from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet): (i) One drop flat on the bottom; (ii) One drop flat on the top; (iii) One drop flat on the long side; (iv) One drop flat on the short side; (v) One drop on a corner at the junction of three intersecting edges; and (2) A force applied to the...

Wideband Bandpass Filter with High Selectivity and an Adjustable Notched-band Adopting a Multi-mode Resonator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ma, Xing-Bing; Jiang, Ting

2018-04-01

A wideband bandpass filter (BPF) with an adjustable notched-band and high selectivity is proposed. The proposed BPF consists of a multi-mode resonator (MMR), two λ/2 resonators, and I/O feed lines with 50 ohm characteristic impedance. The MMR, connected as a whole by a wide stub, is composed of one I-shaped resonator and two open-loop resonators. Tightly coupling is built between MMR and λ/2 resonators. I/O feed lines are directly connected with two λ/2 resonators, respectively. Due to the use of tapped-line coupling, one transmission zero (TZ) is formed near low-edge of aim passband. High-edge of passband with one attendant TZ can be tuned to desired location by adjusting bottom-side position of used wide stub or bottom-side length of I-shaped resonator in MMR. The top-side length of I-shaped resonator is applied to improve upper stopband performance and shift undesired resonant mode of MMR near high-edge of aim passband to proper frequency point. The notched-band in aim passband is dominated by top-side position of wide stub in MMR. Good agreement is observed between simulated and measured results.

Weld braze technique

DOEpatents

Kanne, Jr., William R.; Kelker, Jr., John W.; Alexander, Robert J.

1982-01-01

High-strength metal joints are formed by a combined weld-braze technique. A hollow cylindrical metal member is forced into an undersized counterbore in another metal member with a suitable braze metal disposed along the bottom of the counterbore. Force and current applied to the members in an evacuated chamber results in the concurrent formation of the weld along the sides of the counterbore and a braze along the bottom of the counterbore in one continuous operation.

A Projectile Motion Bullseye.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamb, William G.

1985-01-01

Explains a projectile motion experiment involving a bow and arrow. Procedures to measure "muzzle" velocity, bow elastic potential energy, range, flight time, wind resistance, and masses are considered. (DH)

Nanosecond laser scribing of CIGS thin film solar cell based on ITO bottom contact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuk, Seungkuk; Wang, Zhen; Fu, Shi; Zhang, Tao; Yu, Yi Yin; Choi, JaeMyung; Jeong, Jeung-hyun; Hwang, David J.

2018-03-01

Cu(In,Ga)Se2 (CIGS) thin films, a promising photovoltaic architecture, have mainly relied on Molybdenum for the bottom contact. However, the opaque nature of Molybdenum (Mo) poses limitations in module level fabrication by laser scribing as a preferred method for interconnect. We examined the P1, P2, and P3 laser scribing processes on CIGS photovoltaic architecture on the indium tin oxide (ITO) bottom contact with a cost-effective nanosecond pulsed laser of 532 nm wavelength. Laser illuminated from the substrate side, enabled by the transparent bottom contact, facilitated selective laser energy deposition onto relevant interfaces towards high-quality scribing. Parametric tuning procedures are described in conjunction with experimental and numerical investigation of relevant mechanisms, and preliminary mini-module fabrication results are also presented.

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

46 CFR 169.323 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... other material having equivalent fire resistant qualities. (e) Trash receptacles must be constructed of non-combustible materials with solid sides and bottoms and have solid noncombustible covers. Rails and...

The solar wind interaction with Mars: Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 observations of bow shock position and shape

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Slavin, J.A.; Schwingenschuh, K.; Riedler, W.

1991-07-01

Observations taken by Mariner 4, Mars 2, Mars 3, Mars 5, and Phobos 2 are used to model the shape, position, and variability of the Martian bow shock for the purpose of better understanding the interaction of this planet with the solar wind. Emphasis is placed upon comparisons with the results of similar analyses at Venus, the only planet known to have no significant intrinsic magnetic field. Excellent agreement is found between Mars bow shock models derived from the earlier Mariner-Mars data set (24 crossings in 1964-1974) and the far more extensive observations recently returned by Phobos 2 (94 crossingsmore » in 1989). The best fit model to the aggregate data set locates the subsolar bow shock at a planetocentric distance of 1.56 {plus minus} 0.04 R{sub M}. Mapped into the terminator plane, the average distance to the Martian bow shock is 2.66 {plus minus} 0.05 R{sub M}. Compared with Venus, the bow wave at Mars is significantly more distant in the terminator plane, 2.7 R{sub M} versus 2.4 R{sub V}, and over twice as variable in location with a standard deviation of 0.49 R{sub M} versus 0.21 R{sub V} at Venus. The Mars 2, 3, and 5 and Phobos 2 data also contain a small number of very distant dayside shock crossings with inferred subsolar obstacle radii derived from gasdynamic modeling of 2,000 to 4,000 km. Such distant bow shock occurrences do not appear to take place at Venus and may be associated with the expansion of a small Martian magnetosphere under the influence of unusually low wind pressure. Finally, the altitude of the Venus bow shock has a strong solar cycle dependence believed to be due to the effect of solar EUV on the neutral atmosphere and mass loading. Comparison of the Phobos 2 shock observations near solar maximum (R{sub z} = 141) with the Mariner-Mars measurements taken much farther from solar maximum (R{sub z} = 59) indicates that the Martian bow shock location is independent of solar cycle phase and, hence, solar EUV flux.« less

Supersonic flows past an obstacle in Yukawa liquids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Charan, Harish; Ganesh, Rajaraman

2018-04-01

Shock formation, when a supersonic flow passes a stationary obstacle, is ubiquitous in nature. Considering particles mediating via a Yukawa-type interaction as a prototype for a strongly coupled complex plasma, characterized by coupling strength (Γ, ratio of the average potential to kinetic energy per particle) and screening parameter (κ, ratio of the mean inter-particle distance to the shielding length), we address the fundamental problem of supersonic fluid flow U0, past a stationary obstacle immersed in this strongly coupled system. We here report the results on the bow shocks formed in Yukawa liquids when the liquid flows at speeds larger than the speed of sound in the system. Depending on the values of Mach number MC L=U/0 CL , where CL is the longitudinal speed of sound in the system, the bow shocks are found to be either traveling or localized. We find that for the transonic flows (0.8 ≲ MC L≲ 1.2), the bow shocks travel in the upstream direction opposite to the incoming fluid. The phase velocity of the traveling bow shocks is found to be a non-monotonous function of κ, varying as ∝1 /k1.11 at a fixed value of Γ, and is found to be independent of Γ at a fixed value of κ. It is observed that for the flow values with MC L>1.5 , the shock waves do not travel in the upstream direction but instead form a stationary arc like structure around the obstacle. For the fluid flows with 1 ≲ MC L≲ 2.6 , secondary bow shocks are seen to emerge behind the stationary obstacle which travel in the downstream direction, and the phase velocity of these secondary bow shocks is found to be equal to that of the primary bow shocks.

A new technique to characterize CT scanner bow-tie filter attenuation and applications in human cadaver dosimetry simulations

PubMed Central

Li, Xinhua; Shi, Jim Q.; Zhang, Da; Singh, Sarabjeet; Padole, Atul; Otrakji, Alexi; Kalra, Mannudeep K.; Xu, X. George; Liu, Bob

2015-01-01

Purpose: To present a noninvasive technique for directly measuring the CT bow-tie filter attenuation with a linear array x-ray detector. Methods: A scintillator based x-ray detector of 384 pixels, 307 mm active length, and fast data acquisition (model X-Scan 0.8c4-307, Detection Technology, FI-91100 Ii, Finland) was used to simultaneously detect radiation levels across a scan field-of-view. The sampling time was as short as 0.24 ms. To measure the body bow-tie attenuation on a GE Lightspeed Pro 16 CT scanner, the x-ray tube was parked at the 12 o’clock position, and the detector was centered in the scan field at the isocenter height. Two radiation exposures were made with and without the bow-tie in the beam path. Each readout signal was corrected for the detector background offset and signal-level related nonlinear gain, and the ratio of the two exposures gave the bow-tie attenuation. The results were used in the geant4 based simulations of the point doses measured using six thimble chambers placed in a human cadaver with abdomen/pelvis CT scans at 100 or 120 kV, helical pitch at 1.375, constant or variable tube current, and distinct x-ray tube starting angles. Results: Absolute attenuation was measured with the body bow-tie scanned at 80–140 kV. For 24 doses measured in six organs of the cadaver, the median or maximum difference between the simulation results and the measurements on the CT scanner was 8.9% or 25.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The described method allows fast and accurate bow-tie filter characterization. PMID:26520720

Study of the relation between Pc 3 micropulsations and magnetosheath fluctuations and of the multisatellite, multimeasurement investigation of the earth's bow shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1976-01-01

The structure and direction of bow shock waves and the occurence of Pc 3, 4 micropulsations were investigated. An observational description is given of a quasi-parallel structure in a plasma parameter regime. The use of approximation to estimate the thickness of thin, nearly perpendicular bow shocks at supralaminar Mach numbers is discussed. The pattern of energies of backstreaming protons in the foreshock are predicted.

Polarization simulations of stellar wind bow-shock nebulae - I. The case of electron scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrestha, Manisha; Neilson, Hilding R.; Hoffman, Jennifer L.; Ignace, Richard

2018-06-01

Bow shocks and related density enhancements produced by the winds of massive stars moving through the interstellar medium provide important information regarding the motions of the stars, the properties of their stellar winds, and the characteristics of the local medium. Since bow-shock nebulae are aspherical structures, light scattering within them produces a net polarization signal even if the region is spatially unresolved. Scattering opacity arising from free electrons and dust leads to a distribution of polarized intensity across the bow-shock structure. That polarization encodes information about the shape, composition, opacity, density, and ionization state of the material within the structure. In this paper, we use the Monte Carlo radiative transfer code SLIP to investigate the polarization created when photons scatter in a bow-shock-shaped region of enhanced density surrounding a stellar source. We present results for electron scattering, and investigate the polarization behaviour as a function of optical depth, temperature, and source of photons for two different cases: pure scattering and scattering with absorption. In both regimes, we consider resolved and unresolved cases. We discuss the implications of these results as well as their possible use along with observational data to constrain the properties of observed bow-shock systems. In different situations and under certain assumptions, our simulations can constrain viewing angle, optical depth and temperature of the scattering region, and the relative luminosities of the star and shock.

BowMapCL: Burrows-Wheeler Mapping on Multiple Heterogeneous Accelerators.

PubMed

Nogueira, David; Tomas, Pedro; Roma, Nuno

2016-01-01

The computational demand of exact-search procedures has pressed the exploitation of parallel processing accelerators to reduce the execution time of many applications. However, this often imposes strict restrictions in terms of the problem size and implementation efforts, mainly due to their possibly distinct architectures. To circumvent this limitation, a new exact-search alignment tool (BowMapCL) based on the Burrows-Wheeler Transform and FM-Index is presented. Contrasting to other alternatives, BowMapCL is based on a unified implementation using OpenCL, allowing the exploitation of multiple and possibly different devices (e.g., NVIDIA, AMD/ATI, and Intel GPUs/APUs). Furthermore, to efficiently exploit such heterogeneous architectures, BowMapCL incorporates several techniques to promote its performance and scalability, including multiple buffering, work-queue task-distribution, and dynamic load-balancing, together with index partitioning, bit-encoding, and sampling. When compared with state-of-the-art tools, the attained results showed that BowMapCL (using a single GPU) is 2 × to 7.5 × faster than mainstream multi-threaded CPU BWT-based aligners, like Bowtie, BWA, and SOAP2; and up to 4 × faster than the best performing state-of-the-art GPU implementations (namely, SOAP3 and HPG-BWT). When multiple and completely distinct devices are considered, BowMapCL efficiently scales the offered throughput, ensuring a convenient load-balance of the involved processing in the several distinct devices.

Fatigue analysis of the bow structure of FPSO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hu, Zhi-Qiang; Gao, Zhen; Gu, Yong-Ning

2003-06-01

The bow structure of FPSO moored by the single mooring system is rather complicated. There are many potential hot spots in connection parts of structures between the mooring support frame and the forecastle. Mooring forces, which are induced by wave excitation and transferred by the YOKE and the mooring support frame, may cause fatigue damage to the bow structure. Different from direct wave-induced-forces, the mooring force consists of wave frequency force (WF) and 2nd draft low frequency force (LF)[3], which are represented by two sets of short-term distribution respectively. Based on two sets of short-term distribution of mooring forces obtained by the model test, the fatigue damage of the bow structure of FPSO is analyzed, with emphasis on two points. One is the procedure and position selection for fatigue check, and the other is the application of new formulae for the calculation of accumulative fatigue damage caused by two sets of short-term distribution of hot spot stress range. From the results distinguished features of fatigue damage to the FPSO’s bow structure can be observed.

Bow Shocks in Space

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-01-05

Bow shocks thought to mark the paths of massive, speeding stars are highlighted in these images from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope and Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer, or WISE. Cosmic bow shocks occur when massive stars zip through space, pushing material ahead of them in the same way that water piles up in front of a race boat. The stars also produce high-speed winds that smack into this compressed material. The end result is pile-up of heated material that glows in infrared light. In these images, infrared light has been assigned the colored red. Green shows wispy dust in the region and blue shows stars. The two images at left are from Spitzer, and the one on the right is from WISE. The speeding stars thought to be creating the bow shocks can be seen at the center of each arc-shaped feature. The image at right actually consists of two bow shocks and two speeding stars. All the speeding stars are massive, ranging from about 8 to 30 times the mass of our sun. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA20062

The return of the bow shock

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scherer, K.; Fichtner, H., E-mail: kls@tp4.rub.de, E-mail: hf@tp4.rub.de

2014-02-10

Recently, whether a bow shock ahead of the heliospheric stagnation region exists or not has been a topic of discussion. This was triggered by measurements indicating that the Alfvén speed and the speed of fast magnetosonic waves are higher than the flow speed of the local interstellar medium (LISM) relative to the heliosphere and resulted in the conclusion that either a bow wave or a slow magnetosonic shock might exist. We demonstrate here that including the He{sup +} component of the LISM yields both an Alfvén and fast magnetosonic wave speed lower than the LISM flow speed. Consequently, the scenariomore » of a bow shock in front of the heliosphere, as modeled in numerous simulations of the interaction of the solar wind with the LISM, remains valid.« less

An IRAS/ISSA Survey of Bow Shocks Around Runaway Stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Buren, David Van

1995-01-01

We searched for bow shock-like objects like those known around Oph and a Cam near the positions of 183 runaway stars. Based primarily on the presence and morphology of excess 60 micron emission we identify 56 new candidate bow shocks, for which we determine photometric and morphological parameters. Previously only a dozen or so were known. Well resolved structures are present around 25 stars. A comparison of the distribution of symmetry axes of the infrared nebulae with that of their proper motion vectors indicates that these two directions are very significantly aligned. The observed alignment strongly suggests that the structures we see arise from the interaction of stellar winds with the interstellar medium, justifying the identification of these far-infrared objects as stellar wind bow shocks.

Observations & modeling of solar-wind/magnetospheric interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hoilijoki, Sanni; Von Alfthan, Sebastian; Pfau-Kempf, Yann; Palmroth, Minna; Ganse, Urs

2016-07-01

The majority of the global magnetospheric dynamics is driven by magnetic reconnection, indicating the need to understand and predict reconnection processes and their global consequences. So far, global magnetospheric dynamics has been simulated using mainly magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) models, which are approximate but fast enough to be executed in real time or near-real time. Due to their fast computation times, MHD models are currently the only possible frameworks for space weather predictions. However, in MHD models reconnection is not treated kinetically. In this presentation we will compare the results from global kinetic (hybrid-Vlasov) and global MHD simulations. Both simulations are compared with in-situ measurements. We will show that the kinetic processes at the bow shock, in the magnetosheath and at the magnetopause affect global dynamics even during steady solar wind conditions. Foreshock processes cause an asymmetry in the magnetosheath plasma, indicating that the plasma entering the magnetosphere is not symmetrical on different sides of the magnetosphere. Behind the bow shock in the magnetosheath kinetic wave modes appear. Some of these waves propagate to the magnetopause and have an effect on the magnetopause reconnection. Therefore we find that kinetic phenomena have a significant role in the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. While kinetic models cannot be executed in real time currently, they could be used to extract heuristics to be added in the faster MHD models.

Dynamic relationship between ocean bottom pressure and bathymetry around northern part of Hikurangi

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Muramoto, T.; Inazu, D.; Ito, Y.; Hino, R.; Suzuki, S.

2017-12-01

In recent years, observation using ocean bottom pressure recorders for the purpose of the evaluation of sea floor crustal deformation is in great vogue. The observation network set up for the observation of sea floor is densely spaced compared with the instrument network for the observation of ocean. Therefore, it has the characteristic that it can observe phenomena on a local scale. In this study, by using these in situ data, we discuss ocean phenomena on a local scale. In this study, we use a high-resolution ocean model (Inazu Ocean Model) driven by surface air pressure and surface wind vector published by the Japan Meteorological Agency. We perform a hindcast experiment for ocean bottom pressure anomaly from April 2013 to June 2017. Then, we compare these results with in situ data. In this study, we use observed pressure records which were recorded by autonomous type instrument spanning a period from April 2013 to June 2017 off the coast of North Island in New Zealand. Consequently, we found this model can simulate not only the amplitude but also phase of non-tidal oceanic variation of East Cape Current (ECC) off the coast of North Island of New Zealand. Then, we calculate cross-correlation coefficient between the data at the OBP sites. We revealed that the ocean bottom pressure shows different behavior on the west side from the east side of edge of the continental shelf. This result implies that the submarine slope induces a dynamic effect and contributes to the seasonal variation of ocean bottom pressure. In addition, we calculate the velocity of the surface current in this area using our model, and consider the relationship between it and ocean bottom pressure variation. Taken together, we can say that the barotropic flow in the direction of south-west extends to the bottom of the sea in this area. Therefore, the existence of local cross-isobath currents is suggested. Our result indicates bathymetry has dynamic effect to ocean circulation on local scale and at the same time the surface ocean circulation contributes to ocean bottom pressure considerably.

THE GRAY NEEDLE: LARGE GRAINS IN THE HD 15115 DEBRIS DISK FROM LBT /PISCES/Ks AND LBTI /LMIRcam/L' ADAPTIVE OPTICS IMAGING

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rodigas, Timothy J.; Hinz, Philip M.; Vaitheeswaran, Vidhya

We present diffraction-limited Ks band and L' adaptive optics images of the edge-on debris disk around the nearby F2 star HD 15115, obtained with a single 8.4 m primary mirror at the Large Binocular Telescope. At the Ks band, the disk is detected at signal-to-noise per resolution element (SNRE) {approx} 3-8 from {approx}1 to 2.''5 (45-113 AU) on the western side and from {approx}1.''2 to 2.''1 (63-90 AU) on the east. At L' the disk is detected at SNRE {approx} 2.5 from {approx}1 to 1.''45 (45-90 AU) on both sides, implying more symmetric disk structure at 3.8 {mu}m. At bothmore » wavelengths the disk has a bow-like shape and is offset from the star to the north by a few AU. A surface brightness asymmetry exists between the two sides of the disk at the Ks band, but not at L'. The surface brightness at the Ks band declines inside 1'' ({approx}45 AU), which may be indicative of a gap in the disk near 1''. The Ks - L' disk color, after removal of the stellar color, is mostly gray for both sides of the disk. This suggests that scattered light is coming from large dust grains, with 3-10 {mu}m sized grains on the east side and 1-10 {mu}m dust grains on the west. This may suggest that the west side is composed of smaller dust grains than the east side, which would support the interpretation that the disk is being dynamically affected by interactions with the local interstellar medium.« less

Joint High Speed Sealift (JHSS) Baseline Shaft & Strut (Model 5653) Series 1: Bare Hull Resistance, Appended Resistance, and Alternative Bow Evaluations

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-08-01

individually for each of the four candidate bows in Appendix B, Figures B13- Bl6 , and collectively in Table B 18. Wave Traces Wave traces along the JHSS BSS... B16 B7. JHSS: BSS, GB, BH, displacement variations, PE test comparisons ............................... B19 B8. JHSS: BSS, bow variations, BH, DES, PE...BSS, EB, dynamic sinkage and pitch ................................................................... B33 B16 . JHSS: BSS, GB, dynamic sinkage and pitch

Tanker Structural Analysis for Minor Collisions

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

transverse deflections of the stiffened hull may be assumed to vary linearly from the elevation of the forefoot of the striking bow down to zero at the bilge...Transverse de- flections of the stiffened hull may be assumed to vary linearly from the elevation of the forefoot of the striking bow down to zero... Striking Ship CL L-CL - uer panel 0! Forefoot of Bow of Striking Ship C L,’/Y (Ier rane1) 3d Limit of Shearing Plastic Energy TRANSVERSE SECTION AT WEB

Materials for High-Temperature Hydrogen Fluorine Environments.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-03-04

an top and partially an the side. Top and bottom layers seeme d to be separating. 0.0 0.0 Top laye and portion of side became derk gray. Bonding of...burned away within 2 min. +1.3 to +3.0 40.13 to 40.33 Specimen had film built up on it which seeme flaky; specimen had a big crack. 40.96 to 40.1 to

49 CFR 173.4 - Small quantities for highway and rail.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... drops made from a height of 1.8 m (5.9 feet) directly onto a solid unyielding surface without breakage... package: (A) One drop flat on bottom; (B) One drop flat on top; (C) One drop flat on the long side; (D) One drop flat on the short side; and (E) One drop on a corner at the junction of three intersecting...

Massive runaway stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gvaramadze, V. V.; Kroupa, P.; Pflamm-Altenburg, J.

2010-09-01

The origin of massive field stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has long been an enigma. The recent measurements of large offsets (˜ 100 km s-1) between the heliocentric radial velocities of some very massive (O2-type) field stars and the systemic LMC velocity provides a possible explanation of this enigma and suggests that the field stars are runaway stars ejected from their birthplaces at the very beginning of their parent cluster's dynamical evolution. A straightforward way to prove this explanation is to measure the proper motions of the field stars and to show that they are moving away from one of the nearby star clusters or OB associations. This approach is, however, complicated by the long distance to the LMC, which makes accurate proper motion measurements difficult. We used an alternative approach for solving the problem (first applied for Galactic field stars), based on the search for bow shocks produced by runaway stars. The geometry of detected bow shocks would allow us to infer the direction of stellar motion, thereby determining their possible parent clusters. In this paper we present the results of a search for bow shocks around six massive field stars that have been proposed as candidate runaway stars. Using archival Spitzer Space Telescope data, we found a bow shock associated with one of our programme stars, the O2 V((f*)) star BI 237, which is the first-ever detection of bow shocks in the LMC. Orientation of the bow shock suggests that BI 237 was ejected from the OB association LH 82 (located at ≃ 120 pc in projection from the star). A by-product of our search is the detection of bow shocks generated by four OB stars in the field of the LMC and an arc-like structure attached to the candidate luminous blue variable R81 (HD 269128). The geometry of two of these bow shocks is consistent with the possibility that their associated stars were ejected from the 30 Doradus star-forming complex. We discuss implications of our findings for the problem of the origin of runaway stars and the early dynamical evolution of star clusters.

Bottom morphology in the Song Hau distributary channel, Mekong River Delta, Vietnam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Allison, Mead A.; Dallon Weathers, H.; Meselhe, Ehab A.

2017-09-01

Field studies in the Song Hau distributary of the Mekong Delta in Vietnam conducted at high (Sept.-Oct 2014) and low (March 2015) Mekong River discharge are utilized to examine channel bottom morphology and links with sediment transport in the system. Multibeam bathymetric mapping surveys over the entire channel complex in the lower 80 km of the distributary channel, and over 12- to 24-h tidal periods at six transect locations in the reach are used to characterize bottom type and change on seasonal and tidal timescales, supplemented by bottom sampling. The results of this study indicate that the largest proportion of channel floor (up to 80% of the total area) is composed of substratum outcrops of relict sediment units deposited during the progradation of the delta in the last 3.5 ka. These take the form of outcrops that are either (1) steep-sided, tabular channel floor, (2) steep-sided sidewall, or (3) relatively flat channel floor. Flatter outcrops of channel floor substratum are identified by the presence of sedimentary furrows (<0.5 m deep) incised into the channel bottom that are exposed at high discharge and oriented along channel and laterally continuous for kilometers. These furrows are persistent in location and extent across tidal cycles and appear to be incised into relict units, sometimes with a thin surficial layer of modern sediment observable in bottom grabs. The extent of substratum exposure, greater than that observed previously in low tidal energy systems like the Mississippi River, may relate both to a relatively low sand supply from the catchment, and/or to an efficient transfer of both sand and mud through this tidally energetic channel. Sand bottom areas forming dunes, comprise about 19% of the channel floor over the study area and are generally less than a few meters thick except on bar extensions of mid-channel islands. Both sandy and substratum areas are mantled by soft muds 0.25-1 m thick during low discharge in the estuarine section of the study area. This mud mantling appears to be a key control on bottom sourcing of sand to suspension. An understanding of channel bottom morphology, particularly mobility and erodibility of sediments, is valuable for setting up morphodynamic models of channel evolution that can be used to test system response to anthropogenic alterations in the catchment and rising sea levels.

46 CFR 72.05-55 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... be used on the top surface of such articles. (2) All free standing furniture such as chairs, sofas... incombustible materials with solid sides and bottoms. (c) Passageways and stairway enclosures shall contain only...

46 CFR 72.05-55 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... be used on the top surface of such articles. (2) All free standing furniture such as chairs, sofas... incombustible materials with solid sides and bottoms. (c) Passageways and stairway enclosures shall contain only...

46 CFR 72.05-55 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... be used on the top surface of such articles. (2) All free standing furniture such as chairs, sofas... incombustible materials with solid sides and bottoms. (c) Passageways and stairway enclosures shall contain only...

46 CFR 72.05-55 - Furniture and furnishings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... be used on the top surface of such articles. (2) All free standing furniture such as chairs, sofas... incombustible materials with solid sides and bottoms. (c) Passageways and stairway enclosures shall contain only...

Observations of low-energy electrons upstream of the earth's bow shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Reasoner, D. L.

1974-01-01

Observations of electron fluxes with a lunar-based electron spectrometer when the moon was upstream of the earth have shown that a subset of observed fluxes are strongly controlled by the interplanetary magnetic field direction. The fluxes occur only when the IMF lines connect back to the earth's bow shock. Observed densities and temperatures were in the ranges 2-4 x 0,001/cu cm and 1.7-2.8 x 1,000,000 K. It is shown that these electrons can account for increases in effective solar wind electron temperatures on bow-shock connected field lines which have been observed previously by other investigators. It is further shown that if a model of the bow shock with an electrostatic potential barrier is assumed, the potential can be estimated to be 500 volts.

Entropy generation across Earth's collisionless bow shock.

PubMed

Parks, G K; Lee, E; McCarthy, M; Goldstein, M; Fu, S Y; Cao, J B; Canu, P; Lin, N; Wilber, M; Dandouras, I; Réme, H; Fazakerley, A

2012-02-10

Earth's bow shock is a collisionless shock wave but entropy has never been directly measured across it. The plasma experiments on Cluster and Double Star measure 3D plasma distributions upstream and downstream of the bow shock allowing calculation of Boltzmann's entropy function H and his famous H theorem, dH/dt≤0. The collisionless Boltzmann (Vlasov) equation predicts that the total entropy does not change if the distribution function across the shock becomes nonthermal, but it allows changes in the entropy density. Here, we present the first direct measurements of entropy density changes across Earth's bow shock and show that the results generally support the model of the Vlasov analysis. These observations are a starting point for a more sophisticated analysis that includes 3D computer modeling of collisionless shocks with input from observed particles, waves, and turbulences.

Energetic particles at venus: galileo results.

PubMed

Williams, D J; McEntire, R W; Krimigis, S M; Roelof, E C; Jaskulek, S; Tossman, B; Wilken, B; Stüdemann, W; Armstrong, T P; Fritz, T A; Lanzerotti, L J; Roederer, J G

1991-09-27

At Venus the Energetic Particles Detector (EPD) on the Galileo spacecraft measured the differential energy spectra and angular distributions of ions >22 kiloelectron volts (keV) and electrons > 15 keV in energy. The only time particles were observed by EPD was in a series of episodic events [0546 to 0638 universal time (UT)] near closest approach (0559:03 UT). Angular distributions were highly anisotropic, ordered by the magnetic field, and showed ions arriving from the hemisphere containing Venus and its bow shock. The spectra showed a power law form with intensities observed into the 120- to 280-keV range. Comparisons with model bow shock calculations show that these energetic ions are associated with the venusian foreshock-bow shock region. Shock-drift acceleration in the venusian bow shock seems the most likely process responsible for the observed ions.

Comparison of theory with atomic oxygen 130.4 nm radiation data from the Bow Shock ultraviolet 2 rocket flight

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Levin, Deborah A.; Candler, Graham V.; Collins, Robert J.; Howlett, Carl L.; Espy, Patrick; Whiting, Ellis; Park, Chul

1993-01-01

Comparison is made between the results obtained from a state-of-the-art flow and radiative model and bow shock vacuum ultraviolet (VUV) data obtained the recent Bow Shock 2 Flight Experiment. An extensive data set was obtained from onboard rocket measurements at a reentry speed of 5 km/sec between the altitudes of approximately 65-85 km. A description of the NO photoionization cell used, the data, and the interpretation of the data will be presented. The primary purpose of the analyses is to assess the utility of the data and to propose a radiation model appropriate to the flight conditions of Bow Shock 2. Theoretical predictions based on flow modeling discussed in earlier work and a new radiation model are compared with data.

Preliminary report on radioactive conglomerates of Middle Precambrian age in the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains of southeastern Wyoming

USGS Publications Warehouse

Houston, Robert Stroud; Graff, P.J.; Karlstrom, K.E.; Root, Forrest

1977-01-01

Middle Precambrian miogeosynclinal metasedimentary rocks o# the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains of southeastern Wyoming contain radioactive quartz-pebble conglomerates of possible economic interest. These conglomerates do not contain ore-grade uranium in surface outcrops, but an earlier report on the geochemistry of the Arrastre Lake area of the Medicine Bow Mountains shows that ore-grade deposits may be present in the subsurface. This report describes the stratigraphy of the host metasedimentary rocks and the stratigraphic setting of the radioactive conglomerates in both the Sierra Madre and Medicine Bow Mountains, and compares these rock units with those of the Blind River-Elliot Lake uranium district in Canada. The location of radioactive .conglomerates is given so that further exploration may be undertaken by interested parties.

Terahertz-wave near-field imaging with subwavelength resolution using surface-wave-assisted bow-tie aperture

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishihara, Kunihiko; Ohashi, Keishi; Ikari, Tomofumi; Minamide, Hiroaki; Yokoyama, Hiroyuki; Shikata, Jun-ichi; Ito, Hiromasa

2006-11-01

We demonstrate the terahertz-wave near-field imaging with subwavelength resolution using a bow-tie shaped aperture surrounded by concentric periodic structures in a metal film. A subwavelength aperture with concentric periodic grooves, which are known as a bull's eye structure, shows extremely large enhanced transmission beyond the diffraction limit caused by the resonant excitation of surface waves. Additionally, a bow-tie aperture exhibits extraordinary field enhancement at the sharp tips of the metal, which enhances the transmission and the subwavelength spatial resolution. We introduced a bow-tie aperture to the bull's eye structure and achieved high spatial resolution (˜λ/17) in the near-field region. The terahertz-wave near-field image of the subwavelength metal pattern (pattern width=20μm) was obtained for the wavelength of 207μm.

Bow and Oblique Shock Formation in Soap Film

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Ildoo; Mandre, Shreyas; Sane, Aakash

2015-11-01

In recent years, soap films have been exploited primarily to approximate two-dimensional flows while their three-dimensional character is relatively unattended. An example of the three-dimensional character of the flow in a soap film is the observed Marangoni shock wave when the flow speed exceeds the wave speed. In this study, we investigated the formation of bow and oblique shocks in soap films generated by wedges with different deflection angles. When the wedge deflection angle is small and the film flows fast, oblique shocks are observed. When the oblique shock cannot exists, bow shock is formed upstream the wedge. We characterized the oblique shock angle as a function of the wedge deflection angle and the flow speed, and we also present the criteria for transition between bow and oblique Marangoni shocks in soap films.

Die singulation method and package formed thereby

DOEpatents

Anderson, Robert C [Tucson, AZ; Shul, Randy J [Albuquerque, NM; Clews, Peggy J [Tijeras, NM; Baker, Michael S [Albuquerque, NM; De Boer, Maarten P [Albuquerque, NM

2012-08-07

A method is disclosed for singulating die from a substrate having a sacrificial layer and one or more device layers, with a retainer being formed in the device layer(s) and anchored to the substrate. Deep Reactive Ion Etching (DRIE) etching of a trench through the substrate from the bottom side defines a shape for each die. A handle wafer is then attached to the bottom side of the substrate, and the sacrificial layer is etched to singulate the die and to form a frame from the retainer and the substrate. The frame and handle wafer, which retain the singulated die in place, can be attached together with a clamp or a clip and to form a package for the singulated die. One or more stops can be formed from the device layer(s) to limit a sliding motion of the singulated die.

A Synthetic Self-Oscillating Vocal Fold Model Platform for Studying Augmentation Injection

PubMed Central

Murray, Preston R.; Thomson, Scott L.; Smith, Marshall E.

2013-01-01

Objective Design and evaluate a platform for studying the mechanical effects of augmentation injections using synthetic self-oscillating vocal fold models. Study Design Basic science. Methods Life-sized, synthetic, multi-layer, self-oscillating vocal fold models were created that simulated bowing via volumetric reduction of the body layer relative to that of a normal, unbowed model. Material properties of the layers were unchanged. Models with varying degrees of bowing were created and paired with normal models. Following initial acquisition of data (onset pressure, vibration frequency, flow rate, and high-speed image sequences), bowed models were injected with silicone that had material properties similar to those used in augmentation procedures. Three different silicone injection quantities were tested: sufficient to close the glottal gap, insufficient to close the glottal gap, and excess silicone to create convex bowing of the bowed model. The above-mentioned metrics were again taken and compared. Pre- and post-injection high-speed image sequences were acquired using a hemilarynx setup, from which medial surface dynamics were quantified. Results The models vibrated with mucosal wave-like motion and at onset pressures and frequencies typical of human phonation. The models successfully exhibited various degrees of bowing which were then mitigated by injecting filler material. The models showed general pre- to post-injection decreases in onset pressure, flow rate, and open quotient, and a corresponding increase in vibration frequency. Conclusion The model may be useful in further explorations of the mechanical consequences of augmentation injections. PMID:24476985

Mach 5 bow shock control by a nanosecond pulse surface dielectric barrier discharge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nishihara, M.; Takashima, K.; Rich, J. W.

2011-06-15

Bow shock perturbations in a Mach 5 air flow, produced by low-temperature, nanosecond pulse, and surface dielectric barrier discharge (DBD), are detected by phase-locked schlieren imaging. A diffuse nanosecond pulse discharge is generated in a DBD plasma actuator on a surface of a cylinder model placed in air flow in a small scale blow-down supersonic wind tunnel. Discharge energy coupled to the actuator is 7.3-7.8 mJ/pulse. Plasma temperature inferred from nitrogen emission spectra is a few tens of degrees higher than flow stagnation temperature, T = 340 {+-} 30 K. Phase-locked Schlieren images are used to detect compression waves generatedmore » by individual nanosecond discharge pulses near the actuator surface. The compression wave propagates upstream toward the baseline bow shock standing in front of the cylinder model. Interaction of the compression wave and the bow shock causes its displacement in the upstream direction, increasing shock stand-off distance by up to 25%. The compression wave speed behind the bow shock and the perturbed bow shock velocity are inferred from the Schlieren images. The effect of compression waves generated by nanosecond discharge pulses on shock stand-off distance is demonstrated in a single-pulse regime (at pulse repetition rates of a few hundred Hz) and in a quasi-continuous mode (using a two-pulse sequence at a pulse repetition rate of 100 kHz). The results demonstrate feasibility of hypersonic flow control by low-temperature, repetitive nanosecond pulse discharges.« less

Red Giant Plunging Through Space

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

[figure removed for brevity, see original site] Poster Version

This image from NASA's Spitzer Space Telescope (left panel) shows the 'bow shock' of a dying star named R Hydrae, or R Hya, in the constellation Hydra.

Bow shocks are formed where the stellar wind from a star are pushed into a bow shape (illustration, right panel) as the star plunges through the gas and dust between stars. Our own Sun has a bow shock, but prior to this image one had never been observed around this particular class of red giant star.

R Hya moves through space at approximately 50 kilometers per second. As it does so, it discharges dust and gas into space. Because the star is relatively cool, that ejecta quickly assumes a solid state and collides with the interstellar medium. The resulting dusty nebula is invisible to the naked eye but can be detected using an infrared telescope. This bow shock is 16,295 astronomical units from the star to the apex and 6,188 astronomical units thick (an astronomical unit is the distance between the sun and Earth). The mass of the bow shock is about 400 times the mass of the Earth.

The false-color Spitzer image shows infrared emissions at 70 microns. Brighter colors represent greater intensities of infrared light at that wavelength. The location of the star itself is drawn onto the picture in the black 'unobserved' region in the center.

Spectroscopic and Mechanical Properties of a New Generation of Bulk Fill Composites

PubMed Central

Monterubbianesi, Riccardo; Orsini, Giovanna; Tosi, Giorgio; Conti, Carla; Librando, Vito; Procaccini, Maurizio; Putignano, Angelo

2016-01-01

Objectives: The aims of this study were to in vitro evaluate the degree of conversion and the microhardness properties of five bulk fill resin composites; in addition, the performance of two curing lamps, used for composites polymerization, was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: The following five resin-based bulk fill composites were tested: SureFil SDR®, Fill Up!™, Filtek™, SonicFill™, and SonicFill2™. Samples of 4 mm in thickness were prepared using Teflon molds filled in one increment and light-polymerized using two LED power units. Ten samples for each composite were cured using Elipar S10 and 10 using Demi Ultra. Additional samples of SonicFill2, (3 and 5 mm-thick) were also tested. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by Raman spectroscopy, while the Vickers microhardness (VMH) was evaluated using a microhardness tester. The experimental evaluation was carried out on top and bottom sides, immediately after curing (t0), and, on bottom, after 24 h (t24). Two-ways analysis of variance was applied to evaluate DC and VMH-values. In all analyses, the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: All bulk fill resin composites recorded satisfactory DCs on top and bottom sides. At t0, the top of SDR and SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (85.56 ± 9.52 and 85.47 ± 1.90, respectively), when cured using Elipar S10; using Demi Ultra, SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (90.53 ± 2.18). At t0, the highest DCs-values of bottom sides were recorded by SDR (84.64 ± 11.68), when cured using Elipar S10, and Filtek (81.52 ± 4.14), using Demi Ultra. On top sides, Demi Ultra lamp showed significant higher DCs compared to the Elipar S10 (p < 0.05). SonicFill2 reached suitable DCs also on bottom of 5 mm-thick samples. At t0, VMH-values ranged between 24.4 and 69.18 for Elipar S10, and between 26.5 and 67.3 for Demi Ultra. Using both lamps, the lowest VMH-values were shown by SDR, while the highest values by SonicFill2. At t24, all DC and VMH values significantly increased. Conclusions: Differences in DC and VMH among materials are suggested to be material and curing lamp dependent. Even at t0, the three high viscosity bulk composites showed higher VMH than the flowable or dual curing composites. PMID:28082918

Spectroscopic and Mechanical Properties of a New Generation of Bulk Fill Composites.

PubMed

Monterubbianesi, Riccardo; Orsini, Giovanna; Tosi, Giorgio; Conti, Carla; Librando, Vito; Procaccini, Maurizio; Putignano, Angelo

2016-01-01

Objectives: The aims of this study were to in vitro evaluate the degree of conversion and the microhardness properties of five bulk fill resin composites; in addition, the performance of two curing lamps, used for composites polymerization, was also analyzed. Materials and Methods: The following five resin-based bulk fill composites were tested: SureFil SDR®, Fill Up!™, Filtek™, SonicFill™, and SonicFill2™. Samples of 4 mm in thickness were prepared using Teflon molds filled in one increment and light-polymerized using two LED power units. Ten samples for each composite were cured using Elipar S10 and 10 using Demi Ultra. Additional samples of SonicFill2, (3 and 5 mm-thick) were also tested. The degree of conversion (DC) was determined by Raman spectroscopy, while the Vickers microhardness (VMH) was evaluated using a microhardness tester. The experimental evaluation was carried out on top and bottom sides, immediately after curing (t0), and, on bottom, after 24 h (t24). Two-ways analysis of variance was applied to evaluate DC and VMH-values. In all analyses, the level of significance was set at p < 0.05. Results: All bulk fill resin composites recorded satisfactory DCs on top and bottom sides. At t0, the top of SDR and SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (85.56 ± 9.52 and 85.47 ± 1.90, respectively), when cured using Elipar S10; using Demi Ultra, SonicFill2 showed the highest DCs-values (90.53 ± 2.18). At t0, the highest DCs-values of bottom sides were recorded by SDR (84.64 ± 11.68), when cured using Elipar S10, and Filtek (81.52 ± 4.14), using Demi Ultra. On top sides, Demi Ultra lamp showed significant higher DCs compared to the Elipar S10 ( p < 0.05). SonicFill2 reached suitable DCs also on bottom of 5 mm-thick samples. At t0, VMH-values ranged between 24.4 and 69.18 for Elipar S10, and between 26.5 and 67.3 for Demi Ultra. Using both lamps, the lowest VMH-values were shown by SDR, while the highest values by SonicFill2. At t24, all DC and VMH values significantly increased. Conclusions: Differences in DC and VMH among materials are suggested to be material and curing lamp dependent. Even at t0, the three high viscosity bulk composites showed higher VMH than the flowable or dual curing composites.

The Vertical Profile of Ocean Mixing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrari, R. M.; Nikurashin, M.; McDougall, T. J.; Mashayek, A.

2014-12-01

The upwelling of bottom waters through density surfaces in the deep ocean is not possible unless the sloping nature of the sea floor is taken into account. The bottom--intensified mixing arising from interaction of internal tides and geostrophic motions with bottom topography implies that mixing is a decreasing function of height in the deep ocean. This would further imply that the diapycnal motion in the deep ocean is downward, not upwards as is required by continuity. This conundrum regarding ocean mixing and upwelling in the deep ocean will be resolved by appealing to the fact that the ocean does not have vertical side walls. Implications of the conundrum for the representation of ocean mixing in climate models will be discussed.

LAUNCH (SOLID ROCKET BOOSTER [SRB]) - STS-1

NASA Image and Video Library

1981-04-12

S81-30505 (12 April 1981) --- Separation of space shuttle Columbia?s external tank, photographed by motion picture cameras in the umbilical bays, occurred following the shutdown of the vehicle?s three main engines. Columbia?s cameras were able to record the bottom side of the tank as the orbiter headed toward its Earth-orbital mission with astronauts John W. Young and Robert L. Crippen aboard and the fuel tank fell toward Earth, passing through the atmosphere rapidly. Liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen umbilical connectors can be seen at the bottom of the tank. For orientation, the photo should be held with the rounded end at bottom of the frame. Photo credit: NASA

Interactive algebraic grid-generation technique

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, R. E.; Wiese, M. R.

1986-01-01

An algebraic grid generation technique and use of an associated interactive computer program are described. The technique, called the two boundary technique, is based on Hermite cubic interpolation between two fixed, nonintersecting boundaries. The boundaries are referred to as the bottom and top, and they are defined by two ordered sets of points. Left and right side boundaries which intersect the bottom and top boundaries may also be specified by two ordered sets of points. when side boundaries are specified, linear blending functions are used to conform interior interpolation to the side boundaries. Spacing between physical grid coordinates is determined as a function of boundary data and uniformly space computational coordinates. Control functions relating computational coordinates to parametric intermediate variables that affect the distance between grid points are embedded in the interpolation formulas. A versatile control function technique with smooth-cubic-spline functions is presented. The technique works best in an interactive graphics environment where computational displays and user responses are quickly exchanged. An interactive computer program based on the technique and called TBGG (two boundary grid generation) is also described.

Topside enhancements of the ionline in response to high-power HF-radio wave pumping at high latitudes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rexer, Theresa; Gustavsson, Björn; Grydeland, Tom; Rietveld, Mike; Leyser, Thomas; Brändström, Urban; Sergienko, Tima

2017-04-01

A high power, high frequency heating experiment of the polar ionosphere was conducted in Tromsø, Norway in March 2016. The wave-plasma interactions were observed with the European Incoherent SCATer UHF radar co-located with the heating facility. HF pulses in a 3 minute ON 3 minute OFF cycles were transmitted, sweeping frequencies in 10 and 20 kHz steps from just below to just above the 3rd and 4th multiples of the F-region gyro-frequency. Several interesting features have been found in the radar measurements of the backscatter from the heated plasma. In agreement with current theory we observed an enhanced ionline near the HF reflection height on the bottom-side of the F layer. Simultaneously, a less intense, but clearly visible, ionline enhancement was observed approximately 100 km above this bottom-side enhancement for several 3 minute sweep pulses. We present the observations and discuss the top-side enhanced ion-line in relation to Z and L-mode propagation through the F-region peak.

Characteristics Air Flow in Room Chamber Test Refrigerator Household Energy Consumption with Inlet Flow Variation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Susanto, Edy; Idrus Alhamid, M.; Nasruddin; Budihardjo

2018-03-01

Room Chamber is the most important in making a good Testing Laboratory. In this study, the 2-D modeling conducted to assess the effect placed the inlet on designing a test chamber room energy consumption of household refrigerators. Where the geometry room chamber is rectangular and approaching the enclosure conditions. Inlet varied over the side parallel to the outlet and compared to the inlet where the bottom is made. The purpose of this study was to determine and define the characteristics of the airflow in the room chamber using CFD simulation. CFD method is used to obtain flow characteristics in detail, in the form of vector flow velocity and temperature distribution inside the chamber room. The result found that the position of the inlet parallel to the outlet causes air flow cannot move freely to the side of the floor, even flow of air moves up toward the outlet. While by making the inlet is below, the air can move freely from the bottom up to the side of the chamber room wall as well as to help uniform flow.

AE AURIGAE: FIRST DETECTION OF NON-THERMAL X-RAY EMISSION FROM A BOW SHOCK PRODUCED BY A RUNAWAY STAR

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lopez-Santiago, J.; Pereira, V.; De Castro, E.

2012-09-20

Runaway stars produce shocks when passing through interstellar medium at supersonic velocities. Bow shocks have been detected in the mid-infrared for several high-mass runaway stars and in radio waves for one star. Theoretical models predict the production of high-energy photons by non-thermal radiative processes in a number sufficiently large to be detected in X-rays. To date, no stellar bow shock has been detected at such energies. We present the first detection of X-ray emission from a bow shock produced by a runaway star. The star is AE Aur, which was likely expelled from its birthplace due to the encounter ofmore » two massive binary systems and now is passing through the dense nebula IC 405. The X-ray emission from the bow shock is detected at 30'' northeast of the star, coinciding with an enhancement in the density of the nebula. From the analysis of the observed X-ray spectrum of the source and our theoretical emission model, we confirm that the X-ray emission is produced mainly by inverse Compton upscattering of infrared photons from dust in the shock front.« less

Fuzzy Bayesian Network-Bow-Tie Analysis of Gas Leakage during Biomass Gasification

PubMed Central

Yan, Fang; Xu, Kaili; Yao, Xiwen; Li, Yang

2016-01-01

Biomass gasification technology has been rapidly developed recently. But fire and poisoning accidents caused by gas leakage restrict the development and promotion of biomass gasification. Therefore, probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) is necessary for biomass gasification system. Subsequently, Bayesian network-bow-tie (BN-bow-tie) analysis was proposed by mapping bow-tie analysis into Bayesian network (BN). Causes of gas leakage and the accidents triggered by gas leakage can be obtained by bow-tie analysis, and BN was used to confirm the critical nodes of accidents by introducing corresponding three importance measures. Meanwhile, certain occurrence probability of failure was needed in PSA. In view of the insufficient failure data of biomass gasification, the occurrence probability of failure which cannot be obtained from standard reliability data sources was confirmed by fuzzy methods based on expert judgment. An improved approach considered expert weighting to aggregate fuzzy numbers included triangular and trapezoidal numbers was proposed, and the occurrence probability of failure was obtained. Finally, safety measures were indicated based on the obtained critical nodes. The theoretical occurrence probabilities in one year of gas leakage and the accidents caused by it were reduced to 1/10.3 of the original values by these safety measures. PMID:27463975

Role of the magnetosheath in the interaction of magnetic clouds with the Earth's magnetosphere

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fontaine, Dominique; Turc, Lucile; Savoini, Philippe; Modolo, Ronan

2016-04-01

Magnetic clouds are among the most geoeffective solar events capable to trigger strong magnetic storms in the terrestrial magnetosphere. However, their characteristics and those of the surrounding media are not always capable to explain their high level of geoeffectivity. From observations and simulations, we investigate here the role of the bow shock and of the magnetosheath. Conjugated observations upstream (ACE) and downstream (CLUSTER) of the bow shock show that the magnetic clouds' magnetic structure in the magnetosheath can strongly depart from their pristine structure upstream of the bow shock. This modification depends on the shock configuration (quasi-perpendicular, quasi-parallel). We also discuss this question from hybrid simulations of the interaction of magnetic clouds with the bow shock. We show that this interaction may produce unexpected characteristics in the magnetosheath, such as asymmetric distributions of magnetic field, density, temperature, velocity. They thus lead to interactions with the magnetosphere which were not expected from the pristine characteristics of the magnetic clouds in the solar wind upstream of bow shock. We here discuss the effects of such an asymmetric magnetosheath on key parameters for the interaction with the magnetopause (reconnection, instabilities), responsible in turn for the development of geomagnetic activity inside the magnetosphere.

Astronomy in Denver: Polarization of bow shock nebulae around massive stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shrestha, Manisha; Hoffman, Jennifer L.; Ignace, Richard; Neilson, Hilding; Richard Ignace

2018-06-01

Stellar wind bow shocks are structures created when stellar winds with supersonic relative velocities interact with the local interstellar medium (ISM). They can be studied to understand the properties of stars as well as the ISM. Since bow shocks are asymmetric, light becomes polarized by scattering in the regions of enhanced density they create. We use a Monte Carlo radiative transfer code calle SLIP to simulate the polarization signatures produced by both resolved and unresolved bow shocks with analytically derived shapes and density structures. When electron scattering is the polarizing mechanism, we find that optical depth plays an important role in the polarization signatures. While results for low optical depths reproduce theoretical predictions, higher optical depths produce higher polarization and position angle rotations at specific viewing angles. This is due to the geometrical properties of the bow shock along with multiple scattering effects. For dust scattering, we find that the polarization signature is strongly affected by wavelength, dust size, dust composition, and viewing angle. Depending on the viewing angle, the polarization magnitude may increase or decrease as a function of wavelength. We will present results from these simulations and preliminary comparisons with observational data.

51F earth observations

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-06-25

51F-37-097 (29 July-6 Aug 1985) --- The snow capped peaks of the Oregon Cascades are clearly seen. From bottom to top we see Mount Hood, Mount Jefferson, and the Three Sisters volcanos. The Columbia River is at the bottom. The Deschutes River system and canyon, the scene of railroad wars nearly a century ago, is at the left side. The Cascades make a very distinct rain shadow between the moist forests to the right and the semiario lands to the east (left) of these great mountains.

82. CANAL WEST OF LOCK 12 EAST NEAR BOONTON. STORAGE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

82. CANAL WEST OF LOCK 12 EAST NEAR BOONTON. STORAGE BUILDING AND CHUTE ON LEFT SIDE OF CANAL MAY BE A COAL FACILITY. COAL WOULD BE UNLOADED FROM THE BOAT AND PASSED UP THE CHUTE INTO THE COAL STORAGE BIN. COAL COULD THEN BE LOADED INTO WAGONS FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE BIN ON THE OPPOSITE SIDE OF THE STRUCTURE WHEN NECESSARY. - Morris Canal, Phillipsburg, Warren County, NJ

Vessel structural support system

DOEpatents

Jenko, James X.; Ott, Howard L.; Wilson, Robert M.; Wepfer, Robert M.

1992-01-01

Vessel structural support system for laterally and vertically supporting a vessel, such as a nuclear steam generator having an exterior bottom surface and a side surface thereon. The system includes a bracket connected to the bottom surface. A support column is pivotally connected to the bracket for vertically supporting the steam generator. The system also includes a base pad assembly connected pivotally to the support column for supporting the support column and the steam generator. The base pad assembly, which is capable of being brought to a level position by turning leveling nuts, is anchored to a floor. The system further includes a male key member attached to the side surface of the steam generator and a female stop member attached to an adjacent wall. The male key member and the female stop member coact to laterally support the steam generator. Moreover, the system includes a snubber assembly connected to the side surface of the steam generator and also attached to the adjacent wall for dampening lateral movement of the steam generator. In addition, the system includes a restraining member of "flat" attached to the side surface of the steam generator and a bumper attached to the adjacent wall. The flat and the bumper coact to further laterally support the steam generator.

Influences of the separation distance, ship speed and channel dimension on ship maneuverability in a confined waterway

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Peng; Ouahsine, Abdellatif; Sergent, Philippe

2018-05-01

Ship maneuvering in the confined inland waterway is investigated using the system-based method, where a nonlinear transient hydrodynamic model is adopted and confinement models are implemented to account for the influence of the channel bank and bottom. The maneuvering model is validated using the turning circle test, and the confinement model is validated using the experimental data. The separation distance, ship speed, and channel width are then varied to investigate their influences on ship maneuverability. With smaller separation distances and higher speeds near the bank, the ship's trajectory deviates more from the original course and the bow is repelled with a larger yaw angle, which increase the difficulty of maneuvering. Smaller channel widths induce higher advancing resistances on the ship. The minimum distance to the bank are extracted and studied. It is suggested to navigate the ship in the middle of the channel and with a reasonable speed in the restricted waterway.

Transition Research with Temperature-Sensitive Paints in the Boeing/AFOSR Mach-6 Quiet Tunnel

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-06-01

flow. This is because the presence of a model in the wind tunnel affects the flowfield due to the presence of a bow shock . This shock impinges on the...model, it was found that the bow shock reflected off the tunnel walls and impinged on the aft end of the model. Besides this region, when the model...reflected bow shock from impinging on the model. Transition occurred on the lee ray on the smaller model. Forward-facing and aft-facing steps on the model

Real Gas Scale Effects on Hypersonic Laminar Boundary-Layer Parameters Including Effects of Entropy-Layer Swallowing

DTIC Science & Technology

1975-12-01

crossed the essentially normal portion of the bow shock is swallowed by the boundary layer. The flow along the edge of the boundary layer on the aft...portions hf the body will then have passed through an oblique part of the bow shock and will be in a different state than had it passed through a normal...determination of the local edge flow conditions may be improvedby taking into con- sideration the inclination of the bow shock where the local flow stream- line

Capillary Contact Angle in a Completely Wet Groove

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parry, A. O.; Malijevský, A.; Rascón, C.

2014-10-01

We consider the phase equilibria of a fluid confined in a deep capillary groove of width L with identical side walls and a bottom made of a different material. All walls are completely wet by the liquid. Using density functional theory and interfacial models, we show that the meniscus separating liquid and gas phases at two phase capillary coexistence meets the bottom capped end of the groove at a capillary contact angle θcap(L) which depends on the difference between the Hamaker constants. If the bottom wall has a weaker wall-fluid attraction than the side walls, then θcap>0 even though all the isolated walls are themselves completely wet. This alters the capillary condensation transition which is now first order; this would be continuous in a capped capillary made wholly of either type of material. We show that the capillary contact angle θcap(L) vanishes in two limits, corresponding to different capillary wetting transitions. These occur as the width (i) becomes macroscopically large, and (ii) is reduced to a microscopic value determined by the difference in Hamaker constants. This second wetting transition is characterized by large scale fluctuations and essential critical singularities arising from marginal interfacial interactions.

Chemical Safety Alert: Catastrophic Failure of Storage Tanks

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Aboveground, atmospheric storage tanks can fail when flammable vapors in the tank explode and break either the shell-to-bottom or side seam, resulting in hazardous release accidents. Proper maintenance practices can help prevent accidents.

Multicentre randomised double bind crossover trial on contamination of conventional ties and bow ties in routine obstetric and gynaecological practice.

PubMed Central

Biljan, M M; Hart, C A; Sunderland, D; Manasse, P R; Kingsland, C R

1993-01-01

OBJECTIVE--To assess level of contamination of neckwear worn by gynaecologists and obstetricians during routine working week. DESIGN--Multicentre randomised double blind crossover trial. Participants wore the same conventional ties for three days in one week and bow ties for the same period in second week. SETTING--Two teaching and three district general hospitals in the midlands, Wales, and north England. SUBJECTS--15 registrars and senior registrars. INTERVENTIONS--A swab soaked in sterile saline was taken from specific area on ties at end of first and third working days and sent in transport medium for culture on chocolatised blood and MacConkey agar for 48 hours. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES--Level of bacteriological growth assessed semiquantitatively (0 for no contamination; for heavy contamination) after swabs had been cultured. At end of study the participants completed a questionnaire to assess their attitude toward wearing different types of necktie. RESULTS--12 doctors (80%) completed the study. Although bow ties were significantly less contaminated at end of first working day (z = -2.354, p = 0.019), this difference was not maintained; there was no difference in level of contamination on third day. Level of contamination did not increase between first and third day of wearing the same garment. One of the 10 doctors who returned the questionnaire found the bow tie very uncomfortable. All participants would consider wearing a bow tie if it proved to be less contaminated than a conventional tie. CONCLUSIONS--Although a significant difference in contamination was established between conventional and bow ties on first day of study, this difference was not confirmed on third day and there is unlikely to be any real association between tie type and bacterial contamination. Because of its negative image and difficulty to tie, the bow tie will probably remain a minority fashion. Images p1583-a PMID:8292945

Foreshock and magnetosheath transients, origin and connection to the magnetopause.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Blanco-Cano, X.

2014-12-01

The solar wind interaction with earths's magnetosphere begins well ahead of the magnetopause when the solar wind encounters the foreshock, bow shock and magnetosheath. In these regions a variety of waves and magnetic structures exist and modify the solar wind. The foreshock is permeated by a variety of ultra low frequency (ULF) waves and magnetic transient structures such as shocklets, SLAMs, and cavitons. These structures are very compressive and are generated by the solar wind interaction with backstreaming particles plus non linear processes. Other structures such as hot flow anomalies (HFA), and spontaneous hot flow anomalies (SHFA) can also exist in the foreshock. HFAs are generated by discontinuities that arrive to the bow shock. Recent studies show that SHFA have the same profiles as HFA, but form by the interaction of foreshock cavitons with the bowshock. Foreshock bubbles can form when energetic ions upstream of the quasi-parallel bow shock interact with rotational discontinuities in the solar wind. All these structures can merge with the bow shock and be convected into the magnetosheath. The magnetosheath is both a place for rich plasma physical processes and a filter between solar wind and the magnetospheric plasma and magnetic field environments. It is permeated by the superposition of upstream convected structures plus locally generated waves (ion cyclotron and mirror mode). Recent studies have shown that jets and magnetosheath filamentary structures (MFS) can be observed downstream from the bow shock. Jets are associated to shock rippling efects and MFS to acceleration of particles at and near the shock. Due to the presence of the foreshock, bow shock and magnetosheath transients, the solar wind arriving to the magnetopause is very different to the pristine solar wind. In this talk we will address the main characteristics of these transients, discuss their origin, and how they can modify the solar wind, the bow shock, the magnetosheath and the magnetopause.

DETAIL VIEW, WINDOW BOW IN EAST WALL. (NOTE THE OPENING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

DETAIL VIEW, WINDOW BOW IN EAST WALL. (NOTE THE OPENING FOR THE CRYPTOPORTICUS TO THE BOW’S RIGHT. THIS EXTERIOR FEATURE EXTENDS BENEATH THE NORTH TERRACE - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

6. Log calving barn. Interior view showing log postandbeam support ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Log calving barn. Interior view showing log post-and-beam support system and animal stalls. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, Log Calving Barn, 230 feet south-southwest of House, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

17. SAME ROOMVIEW SOUTH TOWARDS TWO SKIFFS UNDER CONSTRUCTION (BOW ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

17. SAME ROOM-VIEW SOUTH TOWARDS TWO SKIFFS UNDER CONSTRUCTION (BOW VIEW SHOWING CLAMPING JIG MOUNTED TO BEAMS ABOVE/PROFILE VIEW IN BACKGROUND SHOWING JIG). - Lowell's Boat Shop, 459 Main Street, Amesbury, Essex County, MA

Energetic Particle Sounding of the Magnetopause Deformed by Hot Flow Anomaly

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, L.; Zong, Q.; Zhang, H.

2017-12-01

Hot flow anomalies (HFAs), which are frequently observed near Earth's bow shock, are phenomena resulting from the interaction between interplanetary discontinuities and Earth's bow shock. Such transient phenomena upstream the bow shock can cause significant deformation of the bow shock and the magnetosphere, generating traveling convection vortices, field-aligned currents, and ULF waves in the Earth's magnetosphere. A large HFA was observed by MMS on November 19, 2015, lasting about 16 minutes. In this study, energetic particle sounding method with high time resolution (150 ms) Fast Plasma Investigation (FPI) data is used to determine the deformed magnetopause distances, orientations, and structures in the interval when MMS pass through the deformed magnetopause. The energetic particle sounding result from single MMS satellite for every moment in the interval when the distance from the magnetopause to the satellite is less than two proton gyro radii shows the profile of the deformed magnetopause.

Research on bulbous bow optimization based on the improved PSO algorithm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Sheng-long; Zhang, Bao-ji; Tezdogan, Tahsin; Xu, Le-ping; Lai, Yu-yang

2017-08-01

In order to reduce the total resistance of a hull, an optimization framework for the bulbous bow optimization was presented. The total resistance in calm water was selected as the objective function, and the overset mesh technique was used for mesh generation. RANS method was used to calculate the total resistance of the hull. In order to improve the efficiency and smoothness of the geometric reconstruction, the arbitrary shape deformation (ASD) technique was introduced to change the shape of the bulbous bow. To improve the global search ability of the particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm, an improved particle swarm optimization (IPSO) algorithm was proposed to set up the optimization model. After a series of optimization analyses, the optimal hull form was found. It can be concluded that the simulation based design framework built in this paper is a promising method for bulbous bow optimization.

A numerical study on bow shocks around the lightning return stroke channel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Qiang, E-mail: cq0405@126.com; Chen, Bin, E-mail: emcchen@163.com; Yi, Yun

2015-03-15

Bow shock structures are important to various hydrodynamics and magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) phenomena in geophysics and astrophysics. The formation and propagation of bow shocks around the lightning return stroke channel are investigated based on the self-similar motion theory and simulated with a two-dimensional Eulerian finite volume resistive radiation MHD code. In this framework, as verification of theoretical models, the evolving structures of many quantities, such as the plasma density, temperature, pressure, shock velocity, and magnetic field, can be obtained, which present all the characteristics of bow shocks in the lightning return stroke processes. The evolution characteristics and the configuration of themore » curved return stroke channels, e.g., the non-ideal effects and the scaling laws, are discussed in detail. The results may have applications for some observed features of the return stroke channels and other phenomena in the lightning discharge plasmas.« less

Compositional bowing of band energies and their deformation potentials in strained InGaAs ternary alloys: A first-principles study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khomyakov, Petr A.; Luisier, Mathieu; Schenk, Andreas

2015-08-01

Using first-principles calculations, we show that the conduction and valence band energies and their deformation potentials exhibit a non-negligible compositional bowing in strained ternary semiconductor alloys such as InGaAs. The electronic structure of these compounds has been calculated within the framework of local density approximation and hybrid functional approach for large cubic supercells and special quasi-random structures, which represent two kinds of model structures for random alloys. We find that the predicted bowing effect for the band energy deformation potentials is rather insensitive to the choice of the functional and alloy structural model. The direction of bowing is determined by In cations that give a stronger contribution to the formation of the InxGa1-xAs valence band states with x ≳ 0.5, compared to Ga cations.

Enhanced pearl-chain formation by electrokinetic interaction with the bottom surface of vessel.

PubMed

Nishimura, Satoshi; Matsumura, Hideo; Kosuge, Katsunori; Yamaguchi, Tomohiko

2007-08-14

Counterions in an electric double layer (EDL) around a colloidal particle accumulate on one side of the EDL and are deficient on the other side under an electric field, resulting in an imbalance of ionic concentration in the EDL, that is to say, the ionic polarization of EDL. It is well known that the ionic polarization of EDL induces electric dipole moments whereby the alignments of colloidal particles (e.g., pearl chains) are formed under alternating electric fields. In this study, we focus on the effect of the frequency of applied electric fields (100 Hz-1 kHz) on the alignment of silica particles settling at the bottom of a silica glass vessel. In digital imaging analyses for pearl chains of silica particles, it is confirmed that surface distances between two neighboring particles decrease but the number of particles in a pearl chain increases as the frequency of the applied electric field is lowered from 1 kHz to 100 Hz. More interestingly, electrical conductance measurements suggest that the induced ionic polarization of EDL around silica particles at the bottom of the silica vessel is enhanced as the frequency is lowered from 1 kHz to 100 Hz, whereas the ionic polarization around isolated silica particles in uniform dispersions is alleviated by the relaxation of ionic concentration in the EDL as a result of the diffusion of counterions. This curious phenomenon can be explained by considering that the ionic polarization of EDL of silica particles at the bottom of a vessel is affected by the electro-osmosis of the silica surface at the bottom of the vessel.

Ion cyclotron waves near comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) and Mars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Crary, F. J.; Dols, V. J.; Connerney, J. E. P.; Espley, J. R.

2014-12-01

On October 19, 2014, comet C/2013 A1 (Siding Spring) passed approximately 135,000 km from Mars. Previously,we predicted the amplitude of ion cyclotron waves which might be observed during the Siding Spring encounter. Ioncyclotron waves have been observed both in the vicinity of comets and of Mars. These waves are generated by theionization of neutrals in the flowing solar wind, which produces an unstable ring-beam velocity distribution. We estimated that, for a production rate of 2x1028 s-1, ion cyclotron wave with amplitudes over 0.1 nT would be present within ‡5 hours (1.2 million km) of closest approach. We will compare the actual observations made by the MAVEN spacecraft with these predictions. The spacecraft was close to or downstream of the martian bow shock, which complicates the interpretation of the data. Taking thisinto account, we will describe the observations and their implications for wave activity and cometary neutral production. We also present updated hybrid simulations of ion cyclotron wave generation. The simulations use our best estimate of solar wind conditions at the time of the encounter and a variable injection of 18 AMU pickup ions, at a rates consistent a model of the cometary neutrals.

HIGH-TEMPERATURE PROCESSING OF SOLIDS THROUGH SOLAR NEBULAR BOW SHOCKS: 3D RADIATION HYDRODYNAMICS SIMULATIONS WITH PARTICLES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Boley, A. C.; Morris, M. A.; Desch, S. J.

2013-10-20

A fundamental, unsolved problem in solar system formation is explaining the melting and crystallization of chondrules found in chondritic meteorites. Theoretical models of chondrule melting in nebular shocks have been shown to be consistent with many aspects of thermal histories inferred for chondrules from laboratory experiments; but, the mechanism driving these shocks is unknown. Planetesimals and planetary embryos on eccentric orbits can produce bow shocks as they move supersonically through the disk gas, and are one possible source of chondrule-melting shocks. We investigate chondrule formation in bow shocks around planetoids through three-dimensional radiation hydrodynamics simulations. A new radiation transport algorithmmore » that combines elements of flux-limited diffusion and Monte Carlo methods is used to capture the complexity of radiative transport around bow shocks. An equation of state that includes the rotational, vibrational, and dissociation modes of H{sub 2} is also used. Solids are followed directly in the simulations and their thermal histories are recorded. Adiabatic expansion creates rapid cooling of the gas, and tail shocks behind the embryo can cause secondary heating events. Radiative transport is efficient, and bow shocks around planetoids can have luminosities ∼few× 10{sup –8} L{sub ☉}. While barred and radial chondrule textures could be produced in the radiative shocks explored here, porphyritic chondrules may only be possible in the adiabatic limit. We present a series of predicted cooling curves that merit investigation in laboratory experiments to determine whether the solids produced by bow shocks are represented in the meteoritic record by chondrules or other solids.« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Xinhua; Shi, Jim Q.; Zhang, Da

Purpose: To present a noninvasive technique for directly measuring the CT bow-tie filter attenuation with a linear array x-ray detector. Methods: A scintillator based x-ray detector of 384 pixels, 307 mm active length, and fast data acquisition (model X-Scan 0.8c4-307, Detection Technology, FI-91100 Ii, Finland) was used to simultaneously detect radiation levels across a scan field-of-view. The sampling time was as short as 0.24 ms. To measure the body bow-tie attenuation on a GE Lightspeed Pro 16 CT scanner, the x-ray tube was parked at the 12 o’clock position, and the detector was centered in the scan field at themore » isocenter height. Two radiation exposures were made with and without the bow-tie in the beam path. Each readout signal was corrected for the detector background offset and signal-level related nonlinear gain, and the ratio of the two exposures gave the bow-tie attenuation. The results were used in the GEANT4 based simulations of the point doses measured using six thimble chambers placed in a human cadaver with abdomen/pelvis CT scans at 100 or 120 kV, helical pitch at 1.375, constant or variable tube current, and distinct x-ray tube starting angles. Results: Absolute attenuation was measured with the body bow-tie scanned at 80–140 kV. For 24 doses measured in six organs of the cadaver, the median or maximum difference between the simulation results and the measurements on the CT scanner was 8.9% or 25.9%, respectively. Conclusions: The described method allows fast and accurate bow-tie filter characterization.« less

Interaction between a pulsating jet and a surrounding disk wind. A hydrodynamical perspective

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tabone, B.; Raga, A.; Cabrit, S.; Pineau des Forêts, G.

2018-06-01

Context. The molecular richness of fast protostellar jets within 20-100 au of their source, despite strong ultraviolet irradiation, remains a challenge for the models investigated so far. Aim.We aim to investigate the effect of interaction between a time-variable jet and a surrounding steady disk wind, to assess the possibility of jet chemical enrichement by the wind, and the characteristic signatures of such a configuration. Methods: We have constructed an analytic model of a jet bow shock driven into a surrounding slower disk wind in the thin shell approximation. The refilling of the post bow shock cavity from below by the disk wind is also studied. An extension of the model to the case of two or more successive internal working surfaces (IWS) is made. We then compared this analytic model with numerical simulations with and without a surrounding disk wind. Results: We find that at early times (of order the variability period), jet bow shocks travel in refilled pristine disk wind material, before interacting with the cocoon of older bow shocks. This opens the possibility of bow shock chemical enrichment (if the disk wind is molecular and dusty) and of probing the unperturbed disk wind structure near the jet base. Several distinctive signatures of the presence of a surrounding disk wind are identified, in the bow shock morphology and kinematics. Numerical simulations validate our analytical approach and further show that at large scale, the passage of many jet IWS inside a disk wind produces a stationary V-shaped cavity, closing down onto the axis at a finite distance from the source.

CPR methodology with new steady-state criterion and more accurate statistical treatment of channel bow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Baumgartner, S.; Bieli, R.; Bergmann, U. C.

2012-07-01

An overview is given of existing CPR design criteria and the methods used in BWR reload analysis to evaluate the impact of channel bow on CPR margins. Potential weaknesses in today's methodologies are discussed. Westinghouse in collaboration with KKL and Axpo - operator and owner of the Leibstadt NPP - has developed an optimized CPR methodology based on a new criterion to protect against dryout during normal operation and with a more rigorous treatment of channel bow. The new steady-state criterion is expressed in terms of an upper limit of 0.01 for the dryout failure probability per year. This ismore » considered a meaningful and appropriate criterion that can be directly related to the probabilistic criteria set-up for the analyses of Anticipated Operation Occurrences (AOOs) and accidents. In the Monte Carlo approach a statistical modeling of channel bow and an accurate evaluation of CPR response functions allow the associated CPR penalties to be included directly in the plant SLMCPR and OLMCPR in a best-estimate manner. In this way, the treatment of channel bow is equivalent to all other uncertainties affecting CPR. Emphasis is put on quantifying the statistical distribution of channel bow throughout the core using measurement data. The optimized CPR methodology has been implemented in the Westinghouse Monte Carlo code, McSLAP. The methodology improves the quality of dryout safety assessments by supplying more valuable information and better control of conservatisms in establishing operational limits for CPR. The methodology is demonstrated with application examples from the introduction at KKL. (authors)« less

3. VIEW NORTHEAST OF PORT BOW OF JFK IN DRYDOCK ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. VIEW NORTHEAST OF PORT BOW OF JFK IN DRYDOCK NO. 5; PAINTERS WORKING APPLYING ANTI-FOULING PAINT BELOW WATER LINE. - Naval Base Philadelphia-Philadelphia Naval Shipyard, Dry Dock No. 5, League Island, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

32 CFR 552.123 - Storage of personal weapons other than firearms or handguns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... weapons other than firearms or handguns. Privately owned weapons, such as knives, swords, air guns, BB guns, cross bows, pellet guns, bow and arrows, of personnel residing the unit billets will be stored in...

32 CFR 552.123 - Storage of personal weapons other than firearms or handguns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... weapons other than firearms or handguns. Privately owned weapons, such as knives, swords, air guns, BB guns, cross bows, pellet guns, bow and arrows, of personnel residing the unit billets will be stored in...

32 CFR 552.123 - Storage of personal weapons other than firearms or handguns.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... weapons other than firearms or handguns. Privately owned weapons, such as knives, swords, air guns, BB guns, cross bows, pellet guns, bow and arrows, of personnel residing the unit billets will be stored in...

19. DETAIL VIEW OF SKIFF BOW WITH OAK STEM AND ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

19. DETAIL VIEW OF SKIFF BOW WITH OAK STEM AND FRAMES PLANKED IN CEDAR USING COPPER CLINCH NAILS. TRANSOM OF SECOND SKIFF CAN BE SEEN BACKGROUND. - Lowell's Boat Shop, 459 Main Street, Amesbury, Essex County, MA

The determination of resistance of marble to thermal and moisture cycles: relevance and limits of the recent European natural stone standard

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bellopede, Rossana; Castelletto, Eleonora; Marini, Paola; Zichella, Lorena

2015-04-01

The recent European standard EN 16306:2013 specifies laboratory methodology on the determination of the resistance to thermal and moisture cycling of marble for cladding of building façades. In particular measurements of bowing and flexural strength should be performed before and at the end of the ageing cycles. Bowing is measured on specimens of dimension 30*100*400mm exposed to moisture from beneath and heating (gradually till 80°C) on the upper face. The flexural strength should be measured both on reference and on exposed specimens in order to assess the variation of mechanical properties. Additional non-destructive tests are foreseen but are not compulsory for the standard. Moreover, the Annex A of the EN 16306, contains a guidance of the limit values that could be useful for the building planner for façade panels dimensioning. Different varieties of marble (two from Italy, one from Greece and three from Portugal) have been tested by means of this laboratory ageing test. Non-destructive tests such as the measurements of Ultrasonic Pulse Velocity (UPV), porosity, and water absorption have been executed together with the conventional flexural strength test. Image analysis on thin sections soaked with methylene blue have been analysed to further investigate the correlation between porosity and tendency to bowing. Base on the results obtained, some consideration on the decrease of mechanical resistance and the bowing in relation to the variety of marble tested and the limit values indicated the Annex A of EN 16306 can be drawn. Besides, from the data analysed a deepened discussion has been made. It is known that bowing and rapid strength loss occur in some varieties of marble when used as exterior cladding but further considerations can be made: bowing and flexural strength are correlate and in which way? Often the bowing is related to the decrease of flexural strength but it happens that there is a decrease in the mechanical resistance of the stone also without the bowing phenomenon. Non-destructive tests are surely useful to evaluate deterioration of mechanical properties but attention should be paid to the analysis of results, correlating the information coming from UPV measures with that from porosity evaluation.

Glacial Meltwater Contirbutions to the Bow River, Alberta, Canada

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bash, E. A.; Marshall, S. J.; White, E. C.

2009-12-01

Assessment of glacial melt is critical for water resource management in areas which rely on glacier-fed rivers for agricultural and municipal uses. Changes in precipitation patterns coupled with current glacial retreat are altering the glacial contribution to river flow in areas such as the Andes of South America and the high ranges of Asia, as well as the Rockies of Western Canada. Alberta’s Bow River has its headwaters in the eastern slopes of the Canadian Rockies and contributes to the Nelson drainage system feeding into Hudson Bay. The Bow River basin contains several population centers, including the City of Calgary, and is heavily taxed for agricultural use. The combined effects of rapid glacial retreat in the Canadian Rockies, higher drought frequency, and increased demand are likely to heighten water stress in Southern Alberta. However, there has been little focus to date on the extent and importance of glacial meltwater in the Bow River. The Bow River contains 74.5 km2 of glacier ice, which amounts to only 0.29% of the basin. While this number is not high compared to some glacierized areas, Hopkinson and Young (1998) report that in dry years, glacier melt can provide up to 50% of late summer flows at a station in the upper reaches of the river system. We extend this work with an assessment of monthly and annual glacial contributions to the Bow River farther downstream in Calgary. Our analysis is based on mass balance, meteorological, and hydrological data that has been collected at the Haig Glacier since 2001. This data is used in conjunction with glacier coverage and hypsometric data for the remainder of the basin to estimate seasonal snow and glacial meltwater contributions to the Bow River from the glacierized fraction of the catchment. The results of this study show the percentage of total flow attributed to glacial melt to be highly variable. Glacier runoff contributes up to an order of magnitude more water to the Bow River per unit area of landscape, relative to the average areal contributions in the basin, accounting for 2-4% of the total flow in an average year, with glacier ice representing about 50% of this total. Future research is examining the impact of ongoing glacier retreat on these contributions and the seasonality of runoff.

Oxygen cocoon for patients under intensive care

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Maas, J. W.

1975-01-01

Cocoon is made from Teflon film. It includes full-length, pressure zipper on top side and bottom part is rigid pad constructed of burn-resistant material. Cocoon includes oxygen supply port with exhaust port at opposite end.

Technologies for Positioning and Placement of Underwater Structures

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-03-01

for imaging the bottom immediately before placement of the structure. c. Use passive sensors (such as tiltmeters , inclinometers, and gyrocompasses...4 Acoustic Sensors .................................................................... 5 Multibeamn and Side-Scan Sonar Transducers...11.I Video Camera....................................................................11. Passive Sensors

Needles and Other Sharps (Safe Disposal Outside of Health Care Settings)

MedlinePlus

... sharps containers are generally available through pharmacies, medical supply companies, health care providers and online. These containers are made of puncture-resistant plastic with leak-resistant sides and bottom. They also have a ...

Serial position functions in general knowledge.

PubMed

Kelley, Matthew R; Neath, Ian; Surprenant, Aimée M

2015-11-01

Serial position functions with marked primacy and recency effects are ubiquitous in episodic memory tasks. The demonstrations reported here explored whether bow-shaped serial position functions would be observed when people ordered exemplars from various categories along a specified dimension. The categories and dimensions were: actors and age; animals and weight; basketball players and height; countries and area; and planets and diameter. In all cases, a serial position function was observed: People were more accurate to order the youngest and oldest actors, the lightest and heaviest animals, the shortest and tallest basketball players, the smallest and largest countries, and the smallest and largest planets, relative to intermediate items. The results support an explanation of serial position functions based on relative distinctiveness, which predicts that serial position functions will be observed whenever a set of items can be sensibly ordered along a particular dimension. The serial position function arises because the first and last items enjoy a benefit of having no competitors on 1 side and therefore have enhanced distinctiveness relative to mid-dimension items, which suffer by having many competitors on both sides. (c) 2015 APA, all rights reserved).

Assessment of IRI-2016 profile parameters over Indian low latitude station

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Patel, Nilesh C.; Karia, Sheetal P.; Pathak, Kamlesh N.

2018-05-01

The present study reports the assessment of the bottom-side profile thickness (B0), shape (B1) and F2-peak height (hmF2) parameters IRI-2016 model over the Indian region by using digisonde observations. The digisonde data from a low latitude station Ahmedabad, (located at the crest of the northern equatorial anomaly) during three months June-2012, July-2012 and December-2012 are considered for this study. Simultaneous comparison is made on the performance of three different options `Gul-1987', `Bil-2000' and the `ABT-2009' for the bottom-side profile, three different options`AMTB2013 (AMT)', `SHU-2015 (SHU)', and `BSE-1979 (BSE)' for the hmF2 estimation in the latest available IRI-2016 to that obtained from digisonde measurements. Further, the diurnal characteristics of the B0 and B1 from digisonde measurements are also compared with those from the IRI-2016 model using the three different options.

Guarded Flat Plate Cryogenic Test Apparatus and Calorimeter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fesmire, James E. (Inventor); Johnson, Wesley L. (Inventor)

2017-01-01

A test apparatus for thermal energy measurement of disk-shaped test specimens has a cold mass assembly locatable within a sealable chamber with a guard vessel having a guard chamber to receive a liquid fluid and a bottom surface to contact a cold side of a test specimen, and a test vessel having a test chamber to receive a liquid fluid and encompassed on one side by a center portion of the bottom surface shared with the guard vessel. A lateral wall assembly of the test vessel is closed by a vessel top, the lateral wall assembly comprising an outer wall and an inner wall having opposing surfaces that define a thermal break including a condensable vapor pocket to inhibit heat transfer through the lateral wall from the guard vessel to the test vessel. A warm boundary temperature surface is in thermal communication with a lower surface of the test specimen.

Side-scan sonar and submersible observations: New techniques for gleaning more information from sea-floor outcrops

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kendall, J.; Hams, J.E.; Buck, S.P.

1990-05-01

Advances in high resolution side-scan sonar imaging technology are so effective at imaging sea-floor geology that they have greatly improved the efficiency of a bottom sampling program The traditional sea-floor geology methodology of shooting a high-resolution seismic survey and sampling along the seismic grid was considered successful if outcrops were sampled on 20% of the attempts. A submersible was used sparingly because of the inability to consistently locate sea-floor outcrops. Side-scan sonar images have increased the sampling success ratio to 70-95% and allow the cost-effective use of a submersible even in areas of sparse sea-floor outcrops. In offshore basins thismore » new technology has been used in consolidated and semiconsolidated rock terranes. When combined with observations from a two-man submersible, SCUBA traverses, seismic data, and traditional sea-floor bottom sampling techniques, enough data are provided to develop an integrated sea-floor geologic interpretation. On individual prospects, side-scan sonar has aided the establishment of critical dip in poor seismic data areas, located seeps and tar mounds, and determined erosional breaching of a prospect. Over a mature producing field, side-scan sonar has influenced the search for field extension by documenting the orientation and location of critical trapping cross faults. These relatively inexpensive techniques can provide critical data in any marine basin where rocks crop out on the sea floor.« less

41. BOW SPACES (YN OFFICES, AYN OFFICES & DECK SHOP, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

41. BOW SPACES (YN OFFICES, AYN OFFICES & DECK SHOP, LAUNDRY & BOS'N STORES), WITH HATCH TO PAINT LOCKER AT LEFT. - U.S. Coast Guard Cutter WHITE HEATH, USGS Integrated Support Command Boston, 427 Commercial Street, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

75 FR 40820 - City of Broken Bow, Oklahoma; Project No. 12470-001-Oklahoma Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-07-14

... Service List for a Programmatic Agreement for Managing Properties Included in or Eligible for Inclusion in... programmatic agreement for managing properties included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register...

77 FR 19661 - City of Broken Bow, OK; Notice of Technical Conference

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-04-02

... for the Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam Hydroelectric Project No. 12470. This conference will be held on... Liberty at (202) 502-6862 or [email protected]gov by April 5, 2012, to RSVP. Nathaniel J. Davis, Sr...

THEMIS Observations of Unusual Bow Shock Motion, Attending a Transient Magnetospheric Event

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Korotova, Galina; Sibeck, David; Omidi, N.; Angelopoulos, V.

2013-01-01

We present a multipoint case study of solar wind and magnetospheric observations during a transient magnetospheric compression at 2319 UT on October 15, 2008. We use high-time resolution magnetic field and plasma data from the THEMIS and GOES-11/12 spacecraft to show that this transient event corresponded to an abrupt rotation in the IMF orientation, a change in the location of the foreshock, and transient outward bow shock motion. We employ results from a global hybrid code model to reconcile the observations indicating transient inward magnetopause motion with the outward bow shock motion.

ASYMPTOTIC STEADY-STATE SOLUTION TO A BOW SHOCK WITH AN INFINITE MACH NUMBER

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yalinewich, Almog; Sari, Re’em

2016-08-01

The problem of a cold gas flowing past a stationary obstacle is considered. We study the bow shock that forms around the obstacle and show that at large distances from the obstacle the shock front forms a parabolic solid of revolution. The profiles of the hydrodynamic variables in the interior of the shock are obtained by solution of the hydrodynamic equations in parabolic coordinates. The results are verified with a hydrodynamic simulation. The drag force on the obstacle is also calculated. Finally, we use these results to model the bow shock around an isolated neutron star.

Intermediate shocks in three-dimensional magnetohydrodynamic bow-shock flows with multiple interacting shock fronts

PubMed

De Sterck H; Poedts

2000-06-12

Simulation results of three-dimensional (3D) stationary magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) bow-shock flows around perfectly conducting spheres are presented. For strong upstream magnetic field a new complex bow-shock flow topology arises consisting of two consecutive interacting shock fronts. It is shown that the leading shock front contains a segment of intermediate 1-3 shock type. This is the first confirmation in 3D that intermediate shocks, which were believed to be unphysical for a long time, can be formed and can persist for small-dissipation MHD in a realistic flow configuration.

Pigment dispersion syndrome and pigmentary glaucoma--a major review.

PubMed

Niyadurupola, Nuwan; Broadway, David C

2008-12-01

Pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS) is an interesting condition that can lead to secondary open angle glaucoma. Pigmentary glaucoma is primarily a disease of young people, myopes and men. PDS is characterized by the presence of Krukenberg spindles, iris trans-illumination defects, trabecular meshwork pigmentation and backward bowing of the iris. Posterior bowing of the iris causes rubbing of the pigmented iris epithelium against lens structures, liberation of pigment and trabecular meshwork changes that result in reduced aqueous outflow with the risk of glaucoma. Peripheral laser iridotomy can reverse backward bowing of the iris and may prevent progression of pigmentary glaucoma.

Passively Q-switched side pumped monolithic ring laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Li, Steven X. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

Disclosed herein are systems and methods for generating a side-pumped passively Q-switched non-planar ring oscillator. The method introduces a laser into a cavity of a crystal, the cavity having a round-trip path formed by a reflection at a dielectrically coated front surface, a first internal reflection at a first side surface of the crystal at a non-orthogonal angle with the front, a second internal reflection at a top surface of the crystal, and a third internal reflection at a second side surface of the crystal at a non-orthogonal angle with the front. The method side pumps the laser at the top or bottom surface with a side pump diode array beam and generates an output laser emanating at a location on the front surface. The design can include additional internal reflections to increase interaction with the side pump. Waste heat may be removed by mounting the crystal to a heatsink.

Bow shocks as tracers of the environment and stellar outflows near the supermassive black hole.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stofanova, L.; Zajaček, M.; Karas, V.

2017-10-01

Bow shocks develop near stars in the supersonic motion with respect to the surrounding interstellar environment. In particular, extended shocks emerge due to the interaction of stars with strong winds. We discuss the expected shape and orientation of bow shocks in the context of fast moving stars near a supermassive black hole (SMBH) embedded within Bondi-type accretion flow (Zajaček et al. 2016, MNRAS; Štofanová 2016, BSc. Thesis). We present models which take into account different velocities of the probe star and also consider various scenarios for the ambient medium near the vicinity of the black hole such as an inflow/outflow of the material towards/outwards SMBH or a model which considers inflow and outflow at the same time. Under suitable circumstances, a bow shock structure can be detected in infrared domain and their properties can trace the environment of the Galactic center. On the other hand, if density of the ambient medium is determined from mm/radio observations, bow shocks can be used to constrain mass-loss rates of massive OB/WR stars. X-rays can supplement the spectral evidence, though, the structures are below the angular resolution of the current instruments even in the most favourable case of the Milky Way's SMBH (Sgr A*).

Inductive coupler for downhole components and method for making same

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Pixton, David S.; Dahlgren, Scott; Sneddon, Cameron; Fox, Joe; Briscoe, Michael A.

2006-10-03

An inductive coupler for downhole components. The inductive coupler includes an annular housing having a recess defined by a bottom portion and two opposing side wall portions. At least one side wall portion includes a lip extending toward but not reaching the other side wall portion. A plurality of generally U-shaped MCEI segments, preferably comprised of ferrite, are disposed in the recess and aligned so as to form a circular trough. The coupler further includes a conductor disposed within the circular trough and a polymer filling spaces between the segments, the annular housing and the conductor.

Plastic Injection Quality Controlling Using the Lean Six Sigma and FMEA Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mansur, A.; Mu'alim; Sunaryo

2016-01-01

PT. Yogya Presisi Teknikatama Industri (PT. YPTI) is a mold, precision part, and plastic injection maker company. One of the obstacles faced by the company is the high level of nonconformity on its production results. The waste on production process can be identified and classified into four types, i.e.: a). during the process of injection molding machines, b). finishing and cutting processes, c). quality control process and d). the packaging process. The objectives of this research are minimizing the defective goods and reducing the waste using Lean Six Sigma and FMEA approaches, especially for Bush product. From the analysis result, defective types on Bush product can be classified into bubble, speckle, short shoot, sunken, sink mark, over-cut, flashing, and discolor. Based on the attributes data on Bush product, the DPMO score is 988.42 or the sigma level is 4.6, While the DPMO score on the variable data on each dimension i.e.: a). Slit width on the bottom side has DPMO score of 30119 (sigma level 3.37), b). Diameter of the circle on the top side has DPMO score of 392294 (sigma level 1.77), c). Product thickness on the top side has DPMO score of 70474 (sigma level 2.97), d). Product height has DPMO score of 82107 (sigma level 2.89), product thickness on the bottom side has DPMO score of 24448 (sigma level 3.47), and f). Diameter of the circle on the bottom side has DPMO score of 24448 (sigma level 3.47). The highest RPN score on the dominant types of product defects which needs improvement are the defective goods of bubble type has RPN score of 729, flashing and the molten material out on the heating channel has RPN score of 384, over cutting has RPN score of 324 and sink mark has RPN score of 270. The recommendations for improvement that can be given from this research are making checklist for maintenance and production monitoring, enhancing work supervision and inspection, as well as improving the environment and work stations.

5. Log calving barn (center), loafing shed (right of center), ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

5. Log calving barn (center), loafing shed (right of center), and wood-frame garage (far right). View to southwest. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, County Road 44, 0.1 mile northeast of Big Hole River Bridge, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

126. AERIAL FORWARD VIEW OF ENCLOSED HURRICANE BOW WITH FLIGHT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

126. AERIAL FORWARD VIEW OF ENCLOSED HURRICANE BOW WITH FLIGHT DECK GUN MOUNTS REMOVED AND ANGLED FLIGHT DECK. 1 OCTOBER 1956. (NATIONAL ARCHIVES NO. 80-G-1001445) - U.S.S. HORNET, Puget Sound Naval Shipyard, Sinclair Inlet, Bremerton, Kitsap County, WA

40. BOW SPACES (YN OFFICES, AYN OFFICES & DECK SHOP, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

40. BOW SPACES (YN OFFICES, AYN OFFICES & DECK SHOP, LAUNDRY & BOS'N STORES), WITH HATCH TO PAINT LOCKER AT LEFT. - U.S. Coast Guard Cutter WHITE LUPINE, U.S. Coast Guard Station Rockland, east end of Tillson Avenue, Rockland, Knox County, ME

MANUAL OF TEMPORARY EROSION CONTROL PRODUCTS FOR ROADSIDE DITCHES

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-09-01

Sediment continues to be the primary pollutant by volume in Ohio's streams and rivers. Unvegetated roadside ditches' side slopes and bottoms erode and contribute tons of sediment annually to local receiving streams. Pollutants attach themselves to se...

14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

14 CFR 25.535 - Auxiliary float loads.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

..., the prescribed water loads may be distributed over the float bottom to avoid excessive local loads...=coefficient of drag force, equal to 0.133; C y=coefficient of side force, equal to 0.106; K=0.8, except that...

X-RAY EMISSION LINE PROFILES FROM WIND CLUMP BOW SHOCKS IN MASSIVE STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ignace, R.; Waldron, W. L.; Cassinelli, J. P.

2012-05-01

The consequences of structured flows continue to be a pressing topic in relating spectral data to physical processes occurring in massive star winds. In a preceding paper, our group reported on hydrodynamic simulations of hypersonic flow past a rigid spherical clump to explore the structure of bow shocks that can form around wind clumps. Here we report on profiles of emission lines that arise from such bow shock morphologies. To compute emission line profiles, we adopt a two-component flow structure of wind and clumps using two 'beta' velocity laws. While individual bow shocks tend to generate double-horned emission line profiles,more » a group of bow shocks can lead to line profiles with a range of shapes with blueshifted peak emission that depends on the degree of X-ray photoabsorption by the interclump wind medium, the number of clump structures in the flow, and the radial distribution of the clumps. Using the two beta law prescription, the theoretical emission measure and temperature distribution throughout the wind can be derived. The emission measure tends to be power law, and the temperature distribution is broad in terms of wind velocity. Although restricted to the case of adiabatic cooling, our models highlight the influence of bow shock effects for hot plasma temperature and emission measure distributions in stellar winds and their impact on X-ray line profile shapes. Previous models have focused on geometrical considerations of the clumps and their distribution in the wind. Our results represent the first time that the temperature distribution of wind clump structures are explicitly and self-consistently accounted for in modeling X-ray line profile shapes for massive stars.« less

Can the magnetic field in the Orion arm inhibit the growth of instabilities in the bow shock of Betelgeuse?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

van Marle, A. J.; Decin, L.; Meliani, Z.

2014-01-01

Context. Many evolved stars travel through space at supersonic velocities, which leads to the formation of bow shocks ahead of the star where the stellar wind collides with the interstellar medium (ISM). Herschel observations of the bow shock of α-Orionis show that the shock is almost free of instabilities, despite being, at least in theory, subject to both Kelvin-Helmholtz and Rayleigh-Taylor instabilities. Aims: A possible explanation for the lack of instabilities lies in the presence of an interstellar magnetic field. We wish to investigate whether the magnetic field of the ISM in the Orion arm can inhibit the growth of instabilities in the bow shock of α-Orionis. Methods: We used the code MPI-AMRVAC to make magneto-hydrodynamic simulations of a circumstellar bow shock, using the wind parameters derived for α-Orionis and interstellar magnetic field strengths of B = 1.4, 3.0, and 5.0 μG, which fall within the boundaries of the observed magnetic field strength in the Orion arm of the Milky Way. Results: Our results show that even a relatively weak magnetic field in the ISM can suppress the growth of Rayleigh-Taylor and Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities, which occur along the contact discontinuity between the shocked wind and the shocked ISM. Conclusions: The presence of even a weak magnetic field in the ISM effectively inhibits the growth of instabilities in the bow shock. This may explain the absence of such instabilities in the Herschel observations of α-Orionis. Appendix A and associated movies are available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

36. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING WEST FROM UNDERNEATH THE ORE BINS ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

36. INTERIOR VIEW LOOKING WEST FROM UNDERNEATH THE ORE BINS LOOKING AT THE BACK SIDE OF THE HENDY CHALLENGE CONTINUOUS ORE FEEDERS, #1 IS ON THE LEFT, #2 IS CENTER, AND #3 IS ON THE RIGHT. THESE ARE USED TO KEEP A CONTINUOUS FLOW OF ORE INTO THE STAMP MILLS. NOTE THE SPARE FEEDER DISKS ON THE FLOOR BOTTOM CENTER AND SPARE STAMP HEADS AND SHOES ON THE FLOOR BOTTOM LEFT OF THE IMAGE. - Standard Gold Mill, East of Bodie Creek, Northeast of Bodie, Bodie, Mono County, CA

A photofunctional bottom-up bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complex nanosheet

PubMed Central

Sakamoto, Ryota; Hoshiko, Ken; Liu, Qian; Yagi, Toshiki; Nagayama, Tatsuhiro; Kusaka, Shinpei; Tsuchiya, Mizuho; Kitagawa, Yasutaka; Wong, Wai-Yeung; Nishihara, Hiroshi

2015-01-01

Two-dimensional polymeric nanosheets have recently gained much attention, particularly top-down nanosheets such as graphene and metal chalcogenides originating from bulk-layered mother materials. Although molecule-based bottom-up nanosheets manufactured directly from molecular components can exhibit greater structural diversity than top-down nanosheets, the bottom-up nanosheets reported thus far lack useful functionalities. Here we show the design and synthesis of a bottom-up nanosheet featuring a photoactive bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) complex motif. A liquid/liquid interfacial synthesis between a three-way dipyrrin ligand and zinc(II) ions results in a multi-layer nanosheet, whereas an air/liquid interfacial reaction produces a single-layer or few-layer nanosheet with domain sizes of >10 μm on one side. The bis(dipyrrinato)zinc(II) metal complex nanosheet is easy to deposit on various substrates using the Langmuir–Schäfer process. The nanosheet deposited on a transparent SnO2 electrode functions as a photoanode in a photoelectric conversion system, and is thus the first photofunctional bottom-up nanosheet. PMID:25831973

4. DETAIL VIEW, LOOKING SOUTH, ACROSS HULL NEAR BOW END, ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

4. DETAIL VIEW, LOOKING SOUTH, ACROSS HULL NEAR BOW END, TOP OF FORWARD STARBOARD CARGO HATCH IN FOREGROUND, OPENING FOR PORT HATCH BEYOND Edward Larrabee, photographer, November 1984 - Shooters Island, Ships Graveyard, Vessel No. 54, Newark Bay, Staten Island (subdivision), Richmond County, NY

3. Log bunkhouse (far left), log chicken house (left of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. Log bunkhouse (far left), log chicken house (left of center), equipment shed (center), and workshop (far right). View to northwest. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, County Road 44, 0.1 mile northeast of Big Hole River Bridge, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

TRANSPORT OF SOLAR WIND H{sup +} AND He{sup ++} IONS ACROSS EARTH’S BOW SHOCK

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Parks, G. K.; Lin, N.; Lee, E.

2016-07-10

We have investigated the dependence of mass, energy, and charge of solar wind (SW) transport across Earth’s bow shock. An examination of 111 crossings during quiet SW in both quasi-perpendicular and quasi-parallel shock regions shows that 64 crossings had various degrees of heating and thermalization of SW. We found 22 crossings where the SW speed was <400 km s{sup −1}. The shock potential of a typical supercritical quasi-perpendicular shock estimated from deceleration of the SW and cutoff energy of electron flat top distribution is ∼50 Volts. We find that the temperatures of H{sup +} and He{sup ++} beams that penetratemore » the shock can sometimes be nearly the same in the upstream and downstream regions, indicating little or no heating had occurred crossing the bow shock. None of the models predict that the SW can cross the bow shock without heating. Our observations are important constraints for new models of collisionless shocks.« less

Acceleration of Particles Near Earth's Bow Shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sandroos, A.

2012-12-01

Collisionless shock waves, for example, near planetary bodies or driven by coronal mass ejections, are a key source of energetic particles in the heliosphere. When the solar wind hits Earth's bow shock, some of the incident particles get reflected back towards the Sun and are accelerated in the process. Reflected ions are responsible for the creation of a turbulent foreshock in quasi-parallel regions of Earth's bow shock. We present first results of foreshock macroscopic structure and of particle distributions upstream of Earth's bow shock, obtained with a new 2.5-dimensional self-consistent diffusive shock acceleration model. In the model particles' pitch angle scattering rates are calculated from Alfvén wave power spectra using quasilinear theory. Wave power spectra in turn are modified by particles' energy changes due to the scatterings. The new model has been implemented on massively parallel simulation platform Corsair. We have used an earlier version of the model to study ion acceleration in a shock-shock interaction event (Hietala, Sandroos, and Vainio, 2012).

Electron distributions upstream of the Comet Halley bow shock - Evidence for adiabatic heating

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Larson, D. E.; Anderson, K. A.; Lin, R. P.; Carlson, C. W.; Reme, H.; Glassmeier, K. H.; Neubauer, F. M.

1992-01-01

Three-dimensional plasma electron (22 eV to 30 keV) observations upstream of Comet Halley bow shock, obtained by the RPA-1 COPERNIC (Reme Plasma Analyzer - Complete Positive Ion, Electron and Ram Negative Ion Measurements near Comet Halley) experiment on the Giotto spacecraft are reported. Besides electron distributions typical of the undisturbed solar wind and backstreaming electrons observed when the magnetic field line intersects the cometary bow shock, a new type of distribution, characterized by enhanced low energy (less than 100 eV) flux which peaks at 90-deg pitch angles is found. These are most prominent when the spacecraft is on field lines which pass close to but are not connected to the bow shock. The 90-deg pitch angle electrons appear to have been adiabatically heated by the increase in the magnetic field strength resulting from the compression of the upstream solar wind plasma by the cometary mass loading. A model calculation of this effect which agrees qualitatively with the observed 90-deg flux enhancements is presented.

On the role of the quasi-parallel bow shock in ion pickup - A lesson from Venus?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luhmann, J. G.; Russell, C. T.; Phillips, J. L.; Barnes, A.

1987-01-01

Previous observations at Venus show convincing evidence of planetary O(+) ion pickup by the largescale motional -V x B electric field in the magnetosheath when the interplanetary magnetic field is perpendicular to the solar wind flow. However, the presence of magnetic field fluctuations in the magnetosheath downstream from the quasi-parallel bow shock should allow pickup to occur even when the upstream magnetic field B and plasma velocity V are practically coaligned. Single-particle calculations are used to demonstrate the convecting magnetic field fluctuations similar to those observed in the Venus magnetosheath when the subsolar bow shock is quasi-parallel can efficiently accelerate cold planetary ions by means of the electric field associated with their transverse components. This ion pickup process, which is characterized by a spatial dependence determined by the bow shock shape and the orientation of the upstream magnetic field, is likely also to occur at Mars and may be effective at comets.

Interferometric side scan sonar and data fusion

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sintes, Christophe R.; Solaiman, Basel

2000-04-01

This paper concerns the possibilities of sea bottom imaging and altitude determining of each imaged point. The performances of new side scan sonars which are able to image the sea bottom with a high definition and are able to evaluate the relief with the same definition derive from an interferometric multisensor system. The drawbacks concern the precision of the numerical altitude model. One way to improve the measurements precision is to merge all the information issued from the multi-sensors system. This leads to increase the Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) and the robustness of the used method. The aim of this paper is to clearly demonstrate the ability to derive benefits of all information issued from the three arrays side scan sonar by merging: (1) the three phase signals obtained at the output of the sensors, (2) this same set of data after the application of different processing methods, and (3) the a priori relief contextual information. The key idea the proposed fusion technique is to exploit the strength and the weaknesses of each data element in the fusion of process so that the global SNR will be improved as well as the robustness to hostile noisy environments.

DebriSat Pre Preshot Laboratory Analyses

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-27

plate on up range side. MLI Down range Up range SBU Marking Witness Plates: Post Test (protected) 17 Surfaces of samples under Whipple plates are...s SBU Marking Witness Plates Post Test : Whipple Plates 59 Bottom Middle Top Up range is to the right – note sharp band of deposits on up range side...Marking Hold down plates: Post test 63 Up range Note larger deposit fragments on the down range plate. Similar larger deposits were observed on

A model of the magnetosheath magnetic field during magnetic clouds

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Turc, L.; Fontaine, D.; Savoini, P.; Kilpua, E. K. J.

2014-02-01

Magnetic clouds (MCs) are huge interplanetary structures which originate from the Sun and have a paramount importance in driving magnetospheric storms. Before reaching the magnetosphere, MCs interact with the Earth's bow shock. This may alter their structure and therefore modify their expected geoeffectivity. We develop a simple 3-D model of the magnetosheath adapted to MCs conditions. This model is the first to describe the interaction of MCs with the bow shock and their propagation inside the magnetosheath. We find that when the MC encounters the Earth centrally and with its axis perpendicular to the Sun-Earth line, the MC's magnetic structure remains mostly unchanged from the solar wind to the magnetosheath. In this case, the entire dayside magnetosheath is located downstream of a quasi-perpendicular bow shock. When the MC is encountered far from its centre, or when its axis has a large tilt towards the ecliptic plane, the MC's structure downstream of the bow shock differs significantly from that upstream. Moreover, the MC's structure also differs from one region of the magnetosheath to another and these differences vary with time and space as the MC passes by. In these cases, the bow shock configuration is mainly quasi-parallel. Strong magnetic field asymmetries arise in the magnetosheath; the sign of the magnetic field north-south component may change from the solar wind to some parts of the magnetosheath. We stress the importance of the Bx component. We estimate the regions where the magnetosheath and magnetospheric magnetic fields are anti-parallel at the magnetopause (i.e. favourable to reconnection). We find that the location of anti-parallel fields varies with time as the MCs move past Earth's environment, and that they may be situated near the subsolar region even for an initially northward magnetic field upstream of the bow shock. Our results point out the major role played by the bow shock configuration in modifying or keeping the structure of the MCs unchanged. Note that this model is not restricted to MCs, it can be used to describe the magnetosheath magnetic field under an arbitrary slowly varying interplanetary magnetic field.

Magnetosheath plasma turbulence and its spatiotemporal evolution as observed by the cluster spacecraft.

PubMed

Yordanova, E; Vaivads, A; André, M; Buchert, S C; Vörös, Z

2008-05-23

We study the plasma turbulence, at scales larger than the ion inertial length scale, downstream of a quasiparallel bow shock using Cluster multispacecraft measurements. We show that turbulence is intermittent and well described by the extended structure function model, which takes into account the spatial inhomogeneity of the cascade rate. For the first time we use multispacecraft observations to characterize the evolution of magnetosheath turbulence, particularly its intermittency, as a function of the distance from the bow shock. The intermittency significantly changes over the distance of the order of 100 ion inertial lengths, being increasingly stronger and anisotropic away from the bow shock.

Study of relation between Pc 3 micropulsations and magnetosheath fluctuations, and multisatellite investigation of earth's bow shock

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Greenstadt, E. W.

1975-01-01

The validity is investigated of a suggested model according to which Pc 3 and/or Pc 4 micropulsations are excited by magnetosheath field (and plasma) fluctuations arising in the quasi-parallel structure of the subsolar bow shock. The influence of solar wind plasma parameters on local shock structure and on the configuration of the entire bow shock system is included. Simultaneous data from two or more spacecraft and from multiple diagnostics is used to evaluate the geometrical factor, field-to-shock normal angle, or its B-X equivalent, and the principal plasma parameters. Results are presented and discussed.

Bilateral Carpus Valgus with Cranial Bowing of the Distal Radius in a Foal

PubMed Central

Caron, J. P.; Fretz, P. B.; Pharr, J. W.; Bailey, J. V.

1986-01-01

Bilateral carpus valgus with concomitant outward rotation and cranial bowing of the distal radii was diagnosed in a crossbred foal. The foal was not lame on admission and showed no radiographic evidence of carpal bone abnormalities. Surgery was limited to the most severely affected leg, and consisted of a combination of growth promotion (periosteal transection and stripping) and temporary physeal retardation (transphyseal bridging) procedures. Correction of the valgus deformity was nearly complete in the operated limb and substantial improvement was observed in the cranial bowing and outward rotation in both limbs, five months postoperatively. ImagesFigure 1.Figure 2. PMID:17422668

Wrist muscle activity of khatrah approach in Mameluke technique using traditional bow archery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ariffin, Muhammad Shahimi; Rambely, Azmin Sham; Ariff, Noratiqah Mohd

2018-04-01

An investigation of khatrah technique in archery was carried out. An electromyography (EMG) experiment was conducted towards six wrist muscles which are flexor carpi radialis, extensor carpi ulnaris and extensor digitorum communis for both arms. The maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and activity data were recorded. The bow arm produced a higher muscle force compared to draw arm muscles during release phase. However, the muscle forces produced by bow arm had a consistency in term of pattern throughout the phases. In conclusion, the forces generated by the professional archer produced a force benchmark at the wrist joint to alleviate the risk of injury.

2. Onroom log cabin (right), log root cellar (center), tworoom ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

2. On-room log cabin (right), log root cellar (center), two-room log cabin (left), and post-and-beam garage (background). View to southwest. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, County Road 44, 0.1 mile northeast of Big Hole River Bridge, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

76 FR 13666 - Pitney Bowes, Inc., Mailing Solutions Management, Global Engineering Group, Including On-Site...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-03-14

...., Mailing Solutions Management, Global Engineering Group, Including On-Site Leased Workers From Guidant... workers and former workers of Pitney Bowes, Inc., Mailing Solutions Management Division, Engineering... reviewed the certification to clarify the subject worker group's identity. Additional information revealed...

30. View of main deck at bow (looking aft from ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

30. View of main deck at bow (looking aft from samson post, upper deck removed), showing anchor windlass (left foreground), head (right foregound), and forward deckhouse; weather canopy overhead not an original or permanent feature - Schooner WAWONA, 1018 Valley Street, Seattle, King County, WA

A Prospective Evaluation of Duplex Ultrasound for Thoracic Outlet Syndrome in High-Performance Musicians Playing Bowed String Instruments

PubMed Central

Adam, Garret; Wang, Kevin; Demaree, Christopher J.; Jiang, Jenny S.; Cheung, Mathew; Bechara, Carlos F.

2018-01-01

Thoracic outlet syndrome (TOS) is a neurovascular condition involving the upper extremity, which is known to occur in individuals who perform chronic repetitive upper extremity activities. We prospectively evaluate the incidence of TOS in high-performance musicians who played bowed string musicians. Sixty-four high-performance string instrument musicians from orchestras and professional musical bands were included in the study. Fifty-two healthy volunteers formed an age-matched control group. Bilateral upper extremity duplex scanning for subclavian vessel compression was performed in all subjects. Provocative maneuvers including Elevated Arm Stress Test (EAST) and Upper Limb Tension Test (ULTT) were performed. Abnormal ultrasound finding is defined by greater than 50% subclavian vessel compression with arm abduction, diminished venous waveforms, or arterial photoplethysmography (PPG) tracing with arm abduction. Bowed string instruments performed by musicians in our study included violin (41%), viola (33%), and cello (27%). Positive EAST or ULTT test in the musician group and control group were 44%, and 3%, respectively (p = 0.03). Abnormal ultrasound scan with vascular compression was detected in 69% of musicians, in contrast to 15% of control subjects (p = 0.03). TOS is a common phenomenon among high-performance bowed string instrumentalists. Musicians who perform bowed string instruments should be aware of this condition and its associated musculoskeletal symptoms. PMID:29370085

Sociopolitical effects of bow and arrow technology in prehistoric coastal California.

PubMed

Kennett, Douglas J; Lambert, Patricia M; Johnson, John R; Culleton, Brendan J

2013-01-01

Bow and arrow technology spread across California between ∼AD 250 and 1200, first appearing in the intermountain deserts of the Great Basin and later spreading to the coast. We critically evaluate the available data for the initial spread in bow and arrow technology and examine its societal effects on the well-studied Northern Channel Islands off the coast of Southern California. The introduction of this technology to these islands between AD 650 and 900 appears to predate the appearance of hereditary inequality between AD 900 and 1300. We conclude, based on the available data, that this technology did not immediately trigger intergroup warfare. We argue that the introduction of the bow and arrow contributed to sociopolitical instabilities that were on the rise within the context of increasing population levels and unstable climatic conditions, which stimulated intergroup conflict and favored the development of hereditary inequality. Population aggregation and economic intensification did occur with the introduction of the bow and arrow. This observation is consistent with the hypothesis that social coercion via intra-group "law enforcement" contributed to changes in societal scale that ultimately resulted in larger groups that were favored in inter-group conflict. We argue that the interplay between intra-group "law enforcement" and inter-group warfare were both essential for the ultimate emergence of social inequality between AD 900 and 1300. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

A robust design mark-resight abundance estimator allowing heterogeneity in resighting probabilities

USGS Publications Warehouse

McClintock, B.T.; White, Gary C.; Burnham, K.P.

2006-01-01

This article introduces the beta-binomial estimator (BBE), a closed-population abundance mark-resight model combining the favorable qualities of maximum likelihood theory and the allowance of individual heterogeneity in sighting probability (p). The model may be parameterized for a robust sampling design consisting of multiple primary sampling occasions where closure need not be met between primary occasions. We applied the model to brown bear data from three study areas in Alaska and compared its performance to the joint hypergeometric estimator (JHE) and Bowden's estimator (BOWE). BBE estimates suggest heterogeneity levels were non-negligible and discourage the use of JHE for these data. Compared to JHE and BOWE, confidence intervals were considerably shorter for the AICc model-averaged BBE. To evaluate the properties of BBE relative to JHE and BOWE when sample sizes are small, simulations were performed with data from three primary occasions generated under both individual heterogeneity and temporal variation in p. All models remained consistent regardless of levels of variation in p. In terms of precision, the AICc model-averaged BBE showed advantages over JHE and BOWE when heterogeneity was present and mean sighting probabilities were similar between primary occasions. Based on the conditions examined, BBE is a reliable alternative to JHE or BOWE and provides a framework for further advances in mark-resight abundance estimation. ?? 2006 American Statistical Association and the International Biometric Society.

Side-to-Side Cold Welding for Controllable Nanogap Formation from "Dumbbell" Ultrathin Gold Nanorods.

PubMed

Dai, Gaole; Wang, Binjun; Xu, Shang; Lu, Yang; Shen, Yajing

2016-06-01

Cold welding has been regarded as a promising bottom-up nanofabrication technique because of its ability to join metallic nanostructures at room temperature with low applied stress and without introducing damage. Usually, the cold welding process can be done instantaneously for ultrathin nanowires (diameter <10 nm) in "head-to-head" joining. Here, we demonstrate that "dumbbell" shaped ultrathin gold nanorods can be cold welded in the "side-to-side" mode in a highly controllable manner and can form an extremely small nanogap via a relatively slow welding process (up to tens of minutes, allowing various functional applications). By combining in situ high-resolution transmission electron microscopic analysis and molecular dynamic simulations, we further reveal the underlying mechanism for this "side-to-side" welding process as being dominated by atom kinetics instead of thermodynamics, which provides critical insights into three-dimensional nanosystem integration as well as the building of functional nanodevices.

Complex carbonate and clastic stratigraphy of the inner shelf off west-central Florida

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Locker, S.D.; Doyle, L.J.; Hine, A.C.

1990-05-01

The near surface stratigraphy (< 30 m) of the inner shelf off the west coast of Florida was investigated using high-resolution seismic, side-scan sonar, and continuous underwater video camera coverage. The simultaneous operation of all three systems provided a unique opportunity to calibrate acoustic data with actual video images of the sea floor in a geologically complex area characterized by limestone dissolution structures, hard-bottom exposures, and overlain by a limited supply of terrigenous clastics. Three principle bottom types, grass, sand, and hard-bottom mapped using video and side-scan sonographs, show a correlation with two subsurface stratigraphic zones. The nearshore subsurface zonemore » extending to 6-7 m water depth is characterized by flat or rolling strata and sinkholes that increase in size (200-1,200 m in diameter) and become more numerous further offshore. This zone is truncated by a major erosional unconformity overlain by a thin (<3 m) sequence of Holocene sediment, which together form a terrace upon which the Anclote Key barrier island formed. The offshore subsurface zone (7-11 m water depth) exhibits irregular and discontinuous high-amplitude flat or inclined reflections and few sinkholes. Offshore, extensive hard-bottom exposures are common with discontinuous sediment that occur as lenses or sand waves. The complex stratigraphy of the west Florida shelf includes outcropping Neogene limestones that have undergone dissolution during sea level lowstands. Carbonates and clastics dispersed during multiple sea level changes overlie the Neogene limestones. Dissolution styles and erosional unconformities produced bedrock topography and now control modern geological and biological processes.« less

Comparative higher-order structure analysis of antibody biosimilars using combined bottom-up and top-down hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Pan, Jingxi; Zhang, Suping; Borchers, Christoph H

2016-12-01

Hydrogen/deuterium exchange (HDX) coupled with mass spectrometry (MS) is a powerful technique for higher-order structural characterization of antibodies. Although the peptide-based bottom-up HDX approach and the protein-based top-down HDX approach have complementary advantages, the work done so far on biosimilars has involved only one or the other approach. Herein we have characterized the structures of two bevacizumab (BEV) biosimilars and compared them to the reference BEV using both methods. A sequence coverage of 87% was obtained for the heavy chain and 74% for the light chain in the bottom-up approach. The deuterium incorporation behavior of the peptic peptides from the three BEVs were compared side by side and showed no differences at various HDX time points. Top-down experiments were carried out using subzero temperature LC-MS, and the deuterium incorporation of the intact light chain and heavy chain were obtained. Top-down ETD was also performed to obtain amino acid-level HDX information that covered 100% of the light chain, but only 50% coverage is possible for the heavy chain. Consistent with the intact subunit level data, no differences were observed in the amino acid level HDX data. All these results indicate that there are no differences between the three BEV samples with respect to their high-order structures. The peptide level information from the bottom-up approach, and the residue level and intact subunit level information from the top-down approach were complementary and covered the entire antibody. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

6. Livestock barn (far left), log drafthorse barn (left of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. Livestock barn (far left), log draft-horse barn (left of center), loafing shed (center), log calving barn (right of center). View to west-northwest. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, County Road 44, 0.1 mile northeast of Big Hole River Bridge, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

1. Postandbeam garage (far left), oneroom log cabin (left of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

1. Post-and-beam garage (far left), one-room log cabin (left of center), house (right of center), garden shed and outhouse (far right). View to west-southwest. - William & Lucina Bowe Ranch, County Road 44, 0.1 mile northeast of Big Hole River Bridge, Melrose, Silver Bow County, MT

10. VIEW TOWARD PORT BOW IN THE FOC'S'LE OF THE ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. VIEW TOWARD PORT BOW IN THE FOC'S'LE OF THE EVELINA M. GOULART. OBJECT IN THE FOREGROUND IS A FOLDING MESS TABLE LOCATED BETWEEN THE TIERS OF BUNKS. - Auxiliary Fishing Schooner "Evelina M. Goulart", Essex Shipbuilding Museum, 66 Main Street, Essex, Essex County, MA

Forest resources of the Medicine Bow National Forest

Treesearch

Jim Steed

2008-01-01

The Interior West Forest Inventory and Analysis (IWFIA) Program of the USDA Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, as part of our National Forest System cooperative inventories, conducted a forest resource inventory on the Medicine Bow National Forest using a nationally standardized mapped-plot design (for more details see "Inventory methods"...

INTERIOR VIEW, WINDOW BOW IN EAST WALL OF SERVANTS’ HALL. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

INTERIOR VIEW, WINDOW BOW IN EAST WALL OF SERVANTS’ HALL. THE STEEL BEAMS (COLORED WHITE) EXTENDING ACROSS THE SPACE UNDER THE JOISTS WERE PART OF A RECENT INTERVENTION TO COUNTERACT DEFLECTION IN THE FLOORS OF THE PRINCIPAL STORY - The Woodlands, 4000 Woodlands Avenue, Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, PA

Bottom side profiles for two close stations at the southern crest of the EIA: Differences and comparison with IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 for low and high solar activity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Perna, L.; Venkatesh, K.; Pillat, V. G.; Pezzopane, M.; Fagundes, P. R.; Ezquer, R. G.; Cabrera, M. A.

2018-01-01

Bottom side electron density profiles for two stations at the southern crest of the Equatorial Ionization Anomaly (EIA), São José dos Campos (23.1°S, 314.5°E, dip latitude 19.8°S; Brazil) and Tucumán (26.9°S, 294.6°E, dip latitude 14.0°S; Argentina), located at similar latitude and separated by only 20° in longitude, have been compared during equinoctial, winter and summer months under low (year 2008, minimum of the solar cycle 23/24) and high solar activity (years 2013-2014, maximum of the solar cycle 24) conditions. An analysis of parameters describing the bottom side part of the electron density profile, namely the peak electron density NmF2, the height hmF2 at which it is reached, the thickness parameter B0 and the shape parameter B1, is carried out. Further, a comparison of bottom side profiles and F-layer parameters with the corresponding outputs of IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 models is also reported. The variations of NmF2 at both stations reveal the absence of semi-annual anomaly for low solar activity (LSA), evidencing the anomalous activity of the last solar minimum, while those related to hmF2 show an uplift of the ionosphere for high solar activity (HSA). As expected, the EIA is particularly visible at both stations during equinox for HSA, when its strength is at maximum in the South American sector. Despite the similar latitude of the two stations upon the southern crest of the EIA, the anomaly effect is more pronounced at Tucumán than at São José dos Campos. The differences encountered between these very close stations suggest that in this sector relevant longitudinal-dependent variations could occur, with the longitudinal gradient of the Equatorial Electrojet that plays a key role to explain such differences together with the 5.8° separation in dip latitude between the two ionosondes. Furthermore at Tucumán, the daily peak value of NmF2 around 21:00 LT during equinox for HSA is in temporal coincidence with an impulsive enhancement of hmF2, showing a kind of "elastic rebound" under the action of the EIA. IRI-2012 and NeQuick2 bottom side profiles show significant deviations from ionosonde observations. In particular, both models provide a clear underestimation of the EIA strength at both stations, with more pronounced differences for Tucumán. Large discrepancies are obtained for the parameter hmF2 for HSA during daytime at São José dos Campos, where clear underestimations made by both models are observed. The shape parameter B0 is quite well described by the IRI-2012 model, with very good agreement in particular during equinox for both stations for both LSA and HSA. On the contrary, the two models show poor agreements with ionosonde data concerning the shape parameter B1.

Site assessment using echo sounding, side scan sonar and sub-bottom profiling.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

The primary objective of this research is to use multifaceted geophysical data techniques in order to better map karst terrain beneath : standing bodies of water. This study may help providing stronger mapping techniques for future bridge and dam con...

Method of fabricating bifacial tandem solar cells

DOEpatents

Wojtczuk, Steven J; Chiu, Philip T; Zhang, Xuebing; Gagnon, Edward; Timmons, Michael

2014-10-07

A method of fabricating on a semiconductor substrate bifacial tandem solar cells with semiconductor subcells having a lower bandgap than the substrate bandgap on one side of the substrate and with subcells having a higher bandgap than the substrate on the other including, first, growing a lower bandgap subcell on one substrate side that uses only the same periodic table group V material in the dislocation-reducing grading layers and bottom subcells as is present in the substrate and after the initial growth is complete and then flipping the substrate and growing the higher bandgap subcells on the opposite substrate side which can be of different group V material.

Bifacial tandem solar cells

DOEpatents

Wojtczuk, Steven J.; Chiu, Philip T.; Zhang, Xuebing; Gagnon, Edward; Timmons, Michael

2016-06-14

A method of fabricating on a semiconductor substrate bifacial tandem solar cells with semiconductor subcells having a lower bandgap than the substrate bandgap on one side of the substrate and with subcells having a higher bandgap than the substrate on the other including, first, growing a lower bandgap subcell on one substrate side that uses only the same periodic table group V material in the dislocation-reducing grading layers and bottom subcells as is present in the substrate and after the initial growth is complete and then flipping the substrate and growing the higher bandgap subcells on the opposite substrate side which can be of different group V material.

Solar-thermal-energy collection/storage-pond system

DOEpatents

Blahnik, D.E.

1982-03-25

A solar thermal energy collection and storage system is disclosed. Water is contained, and the water surface is exposed directly to the sun. The central part of an impermeable membrane is positioned below the water's surface and above its bottom with a first side of the membrane pointing generally upward in its central portion. The perimeter part of the membrane is placed to create a watertight boundary separating the water into a first volume which is directly exposable to the sun and which touches the membranes first side, and a second volumn which touches the membranes second side. A salt is dissolved in the first water volume.

The Evolution of the Lower Missouri River: National Mapping Discipline Research at Lisbon Bottom

USGS Publications Warehouse

,

2002-01-01

Before 1800, the Missouri River was one of North America's most diverse and dynamic ecosystems. During the past 200 years, civil engineering has transformed it into a navigation system regulated by reservoirs and confined by bank stabilization and flood control structures. These modifications have reduced seasonal flow variability and sediment load and have disconnected the river from backwater, off-channel, and floodplain habitats. Flooding along the Lower Missouri River in 1993 and again in 1996 created a side-channel chute across Lisbon Bottom, a well-formed loop bottom near Glasgow, Mo. The formation and subsequent development of the chute have provided USGS scientists with a glimpse of a preregulated Missouri River. Knowledge of geologic characteristics and processes in an alluvial setting like Lisbon Bottom provides a scientific basis for floodplain management. This knowledge is also vital to a complete understanding of riverine habitat disturbance, recovery, and rehabilitation. A critical component of this knowledge is an understanding of the spatial and temporal relationships between riverine habitats and geomorphic processes.

Bottom-Up Tri-gate Transistors and Submicrosecond Photodetectors from Guided CdS Nanowalls.

PubMed

Xu, Jinyou; Oksenberg, Eitan; Popovitz-Biro, Ronit; Rechav, Katya; Joselevich, Ernesto

2017-11-08

Tri-gate transistors offer better performance than planar transistors by exerting additional gate control over a channel from two lateral sides of semiconductor nanowalls (or "fins"). Here we report the bottom-up assembly of aligned CdS nanowalls by a simultaneous combination of horizontal catalytic vapor-liquid-solid growth and vertical facet-selective noncatalytic vapor-solid growth and their parallel integration into tri-gate transistors and photodetectors at wafer scale (cm 2 ) without postgrowth transfer or alignment steps. These tri-gate transistors act as enhancement-mode transistors with an on/off current ratio on the order of 10 8 , 4 orders of magnitude higher than the best results ever reported for planar enhancement-mode CdS transistors. The response time of the photodetector is reduced to the submicrosecond level, 1 order of magnitude shorter than the best results ever reported for photodetectors made of bottom-up semiconductor nanostructures. Guided semiconductor nanowalls open new opportunities for high-performance 3D nanodevices assembled from the bottom up.

Earth observations taken during the STS-71 mission

NASA Image and Video Library

1995-07-06

STS071-708-040 (27 June-7 July 1995) --- This view shows Cape Cod in some detail in the center right of the view. Provincetown lies on the inside of the hook of Cape Cod. Other larger cities are unusually easy to see on this frame. The Boston metropolitan area is the large gray area at the top (north), with a smaller gray patch immediately south indicating Brockton, Massachusetts. Other smaller patches in southern Massachusetts (bottom left) indicate Fall River (far left) and New Bedford in the coast on the north side of Buzzard's Bay. The outskirts of Providence, Rhode Island appear half way up the left edge of the frame. The islands at the bottom of the frame are Martha's Vineyard (bottom left) and Nantucket Island (partial view). Shoals (near-surface sand bars) appear as light-blue swirls on the shallow sea bottom between Cape Cod and these islands. The distance from Boston to Nantucket is almost 100 miles.

Comparison of airfoil results from an adaptive wall test section and a porous wall test section

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mineck, Raymond E.

1989-01-01

Two wind tunnel investigations were conducted to assess two different wall interference alleviation/correction techniques: adaptive test section walls and classical analytical corrections. The same airfoil model has been tested in the adaptive wall test section of the NASA-Langley 0.3 m Transonic Cryogenic Tunnel (TCT) and in the National Aeronautical Establishment (NAE) High Reynolds Number 2-D facility. The model has a 9 in. chord and a CAST 10-2/DOA 2 airfoil section. The 0.3 m TCT adaptive wall test section has four solid walls with flexible top and bottom walls. The NAE test section has porous top and bottom walls and solid side walls. The aerodynamic results corrected for top and bottom wall interference at Mach numbers from 0.3 to 0.8 at a Reynolds number of 10 by 1,000,000. Movement of the adaptive walls was used to alleviate the top and bottom wall interference in the test results from the NASA tunnel.

Geometric Corrections for Topographic Distortion from Side Scan Sonar Data Obtained by ANKOU System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yamamoto, Fujio; Kato, Yukihiro; Ogasawara, Shohei

The ANKOU is a newly developed, full ocean depth, long-range vector side scan sonar system. The system provides real time vector side scan sonar data to produce backscattering images and bathymetric maps for seafloor swaths up to 10 km on either side of ship's centerline. Complete geometric corrections are made using towfish attitude and cross-track distortions known as foreshortening and layover caused by violation of the flat bottom assumption. Foreshortening and layover refers to pixels which have been placed at an incorrect cross-track distance. Our correction of this topographic distortion is accomplished by interpolating a bathymetric profile and ANKOU phase data. We applied these processing techniques to ANKOU backscattering data obtained from off Boso Peninsula, and confirmed their efficiency and utility for making geometric corrections of side scan sonar data.

Fuel or irradiation subassembly

DOEpatents

Seim, O.S.; Hutter, E.

1975-12-23

A subassembly for use in a nuclear reactor is described which incorporates a loose bundle of fuel or irradiation pins enclosed within an inner tube which in turn is enclosed within an outer coolant tube and includes a locking comb consisting of a head extending through one side of the inner sleeve and a plurality of teeth which extend through the other side of the inner sleeve while engaging annular undercut portions in the bottom portion of the fuel or irradiation pins to prevent movement of the pins.

Multiple piece turbine rotor blade

DOEpatents

Jones, Russell B; Fedock, John A

2013-05-21

A multiple piece turbine rotor blade with a shell having an airfoil shape and secured between a spar and a platform with the spar including a tip end piece. a snap ring fits around the spar and abuts against the spar tip end piece on a top side and abuts against a shell on the bottom side so that the centrifugal loads from the shell is passed through the snap ring and into the spar and not through a tip cap dovetail slot and projection structure.

Bow shock formation in a complex plasma.

PubMed

Saitou, Y; Nakamura, Y; Kamimura, T; Ishihara, O

2012-02-10

A bow shock is observed in a two-dimensional supersonic flow of charged microparticles in a complex plasma. A thin conducting needle is used to make a potential barrier as an obstacle for the particle flow in the complex plasma. The flow is generated and the flow velocity is controlled by changing a tilt angle of the device under the gravitational force. A void, microparticle-free region, is formed around the potential barrier surrounding the obstacle. The flow is bent around the leading edge of the void and forms an arcuate structure when the flow is supersonic. The structure is characterized by the bow shock as confirmed by a polytropic hydrodynamic theory as well as numerical simulation.

Geminga's tails: a pulsar bow shock probing the interstellar medium.

PubMed

Caraveo, P A; Bignami, G F; DeLuca, A; Mereghetti, S; Pellizzoni, A; Mignani, R; Tur, A; Becker, W

2003-09-05

We report the X-ray Multimirror Mission-Newton European Photon Imaging Camera observation of two elongated parallel x-ray tails trailing the pulsar Geminga. They are aligned with the object's supersonic motion, extend for approximately 2', and have a nonthermal spectrum produced by electron-synchrotron emission in the bow shock between the pulsar wind and the surrounding medium. Electron lifetime against synchrotron cooling matches the source transit time over the x-ray features' length. Such an x-ray detection of a pulsar bow shock (with no Halpha emission) allows us to gauge the pulsar electron injection energy and the shock magnetic field while constraining the angle of Geminga's motion and the local matter density.

Observations and simulations of specularly reflected He++ at Earth's quasiperpendicular bow shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broll, J. M.; Fuselier, S. A.; Trattner, K. J.; Anderson, B. J.; Burch, J. L.; Giles, B. L.

2016-12-01

Specular reflection of protons at Earth's quasiperpendicular bow shock is an important process for supercritical shock dissipation. Previous studies have found evidence of He++ specular reflection from reduced particle distributions downstream from the shock, but confirmation of the process for heavier ions in the shock foot was not possible due to time resolution constraints. We present He++ distributions, observed by MMS in a quasiperpendicular bow shock crossing, that are consistent with specularly reflected He++. We also investigate the He++ dynamics with test-particle simulations in a simulated shock based on this crossing and we conduct wave analysis to determine what processes lead to separate gyrotropization timescales for the transmitted and reflected populations.

37. DETAIL OF CYANIDE LEACHING TANK DRAIN DOOR AND PIPING ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

37. DETAIL OF CYANIDE LEACHING TANK DRAIN DOOR AND PIPING SYSTEM. NOTE SPIGOT UNDER BOARD AT UPPER LEFT INSERTS INTO HOLE IN PIPE AT BOTTOM OF FRAME. CYANIDE SOLUTION WAS PUMPED INTO THE TANKS AND THE PREGNANT SOLUTION DRAINED OUT OF THE TANKS THROUGH THIS PIPE, AND BACK INTO A SEPARATE HOLDING TANK ON THE EAST SIDE OF THE MILL. TAILINGS WERE REMOVED FROM THE TANKS THROUGH THE ROUND DRAIN DOOR IN THE BOTTOM OF THE TANK (MISSING) SEEN AT TOP CENTER. - Skidoo Mine, Park Route 38 (Skidoo Road), Death Valley Junction, Inyo County, CA

A Hydrographic and CFC Survey on the Adelie Land Shelf

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Warner, M. J.; Rintoul, S. R.; Tilbrook, B.; Bullister, J. L.; Sonnerup, R. E.

2008-12-01

During 16 Dec 07 - 27 Jan 08, a hydrographic survey of the Antarctic shelf adjacent to Adelie Land was carried out as part of the joint Australian programs - Climate of Antarctica and the Southern Ocean (CASO) and Collaborative East Antarctic Marine Census (CEAMARC) - from aboard the RSV Aurora Australis. Over 80 CTD stations were occupied on the shelf or adjacent slope in the region between 139° 13' E and 145° E. In addition to hydrographic parameters, dissolved oxygen and nutrients, CFCs, dissolved inorganic carbon, and total alkalinity were measured at nearly all of these stations. Several features of the CFC distributions stand out in this formation region of Adelie Land Bottom Water (ALBW) and appear to be related to the bathymetry of the shelf. There are two depressions in this region, both deeper than 800 m - one on the western edge of the study region and the other adjacent to the Mertz Glacial Tongue on the eastern side of the study region. Throughout most of the study area, the presence of Highly-Modified Circumpolar Deep Water (HMCDW) is reflected in mid-depth CFC concentration minima. However, HMCDW is not present in the shallower region between the depressions. Beneath the HMCDW, CFC concentrations generally increase towards the seafloor. The bottom water CFC concentrations below 600 m in the easternmost of these basins are 5-10% higher than those of the westernmost depression. The bottom water dissolved oxygen concentrations are also higher by approximately 15 μmol kg-1 in bottom waters of the eastern depression. The circulation in the eastern depression is cyclonic and bottom waters can flow out of the basin through a trough in the shelf break near 143° E. Waters with high CFC concentrations were detected on the downslope side of the trough - indicating that ALBW was being supplied to the deep Australia-Antarctic Basin even during summer. The data from this expedition will be compared to previous CFC measurements from this region over the past decade.

Iceberg ploughmark features on bottom surface of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dorokhov, Dmitry; Sivkov, Vadim; Dorokhova, Evgenia; Krechik, Viktor

2016-04-01

A detail swath bathymetry, side-scan sonar and acoustic profiling combined with sediment sampling during the 64th cruise of RV "Academic Mstislav Keldysh" (October 2015) allowed to identify new geomorphological features of the South-Eastern Baltic Sea bottom surface. The extended chaotic ploughmarks (furrows) in most cases filled with thin layer of mud were discovered on surface of the Gdansk-Gotland sill glacial deposits. They are observed on the depth of more than 70 m and have depth and width from 1 to 10 m. Most of them are v- or u-shaped stepped depressions. The side-scan records of similar geomorpholoical features are extensively reported from Northern Hemisphere and Antarctica (Goodwin et al., 1985; Dowdeswell et al., 1993). Ploughmarks are attributed to the action of icebergs scouring into the sediment as they touch bottom. We are suggest that furrows discovered in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea are also the result of iceberg scouring during the Baltic Ice Lake stage (more than 11 600 cal yr BP (Bjorck, 2008)). This assumption confirmed by occurrence of fragmental stones and boulders on the sea bottom surface which are good indicators of iceberg rafting (Lisitzin, 2003). Ice ploughmarks at sea bottom surface were not occurred before in the South-Eastern Baltic Sea. The study was financed by Russian Scientific Fund, grant number 14-37-00047. References Bjorck S. The late Quaternary development of the Baltic Sea Basin. In: The BACC Author Team (eds) Assessment of climate change for the Baltic Sea Basin. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. 2008. Dowdeswell J. A., Villinger H., Whittington R. J., Marienfeld P. Iceberg scouring in Scoresby Sund and on the East Greenland continental shelf // Marine Geology. V. 111. N. 1-2. 1993. P. 37-53. Goodwin C. R., Finley J. C., Howard L. M. Ice scour bibliography. Environmental Studies Revolving Funds Report No. 010. Ottawa. 1985. 99 pp. Lisitzin A. P. Sea-Ice and Iceberg Sedimentation in the Ocean: Recent and Past. Springer, Heidelberg, Germany. 2003.

50 CFR 27.43 - Weapons other than firearms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 8 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Weapons other than firearms. 27.43 Section... (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PROHIBITED ACTS Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs...

50 CFR 27.43 - Weapons other than firearms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Weapons other than firearms. 27.43 Section... (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PROHIBITED ACTS Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs...

50 CFR 27.43 - Weapons other than firearms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Weapons other than firearms. 27.43 Section... (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PROHIBITED ACTS Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs...

50 CFR 27.43 - Weapons other than firearms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 9 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Weapons other than firearms. 27.43 Section... (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PROHIBITED ACTS Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs...

50 CFR 27.43 - Weapons other than firearms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 50 Wildlife and Fisheries 6 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Weapons other than firearms. 27.43 Section... (CONTINUED) THE NATIONAL WILDLIFE REFUGE SYSTEM PROHIBITED ACTS Disturbing Violations: With Weapons § 27.43 Weapons other than firearms. The use or possession of cross bows, bows and arrows, air guns, spears, gigs...

The Contemplative Bow in Teaching and Learning Pastoral Care

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Koppel, Michael S.

2013-01-01

This article elucidates theoretical underpinnings for the use of one's self in the pastoral theological classroom. The contemplative bow is developed as a capacious metaphor to describe appropriate self use and its necessary importance in the teaching and learning of pastoral arts in a theological curriculum. Central to the argument is the…

Modeling Density Variation in the Thermosphere

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-04-29

static electromagnetic fields as follows: when a volume of the ionosphere is bounded on the sides by an equipotential surface and on the bottom by the...generation of electromagnetic energy along that geomagnetic-field line. An Equipotential -Boundary Poynting-Flux (EBPF) theorem was presented for quasi

Temperature differential of swingspan bridges : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1969-06-01

This report describes a study performed to determine the temperature differential of the top and bottom member of one side of a swingspan bridge. Three bridges were used in the study. Bridge No. 1 was an equal-arm swingspan bridge, Bridge No. 2 was a...

RADIO POLARIZATION OBSERVATIONS OF G319.9-0.7: A BOW-SHOCK NEBULA WITH AN AZIMUTHAL MAGNETIC FIELD POWERED BY PULSAR J1509-5850

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ng, C.-Y.; Gaensler, B. M.; Chatterjee, S.

2010-03-20

We report radio polarization observations of G319.9-0.7 (MSC 319.9-0.7) at 3 and 6 cm obtained with the Australia Telescope Compact Array. The source shows a highly elongated morphology with the energetic pulsar J1509-5850 located at the tip. We found a flat radio spectrum of index alpha = -0.26 +- 0.04 and a high degree of linear polarization. These results confirm G319.9-0.7 as a bow-shock pulsar wind nebula. The polarization maps suggest a helical magnetic field trailing the pulsar, with the symmetry axis parallel to the system's inferred direction of motion. This is the first time such a field geometry hasmore » been seen in a bow-shock nebula, and it may be the result of an alignment between the pulsar spin axis and its space velocity. Compared to other bow-shock examples, G319.9-0.7 exhibits very different properties in the field structure and surface brightness distribution, illustrating the large diversity of the population.« less

Risk analysis of urban gas pipeline network based on improved bow-tie model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hao, M. J.; You, Q. J.; Yue, Z.

2017-11-01

Gas pipeline network is a major hazard source in urban areas. In the event of an accident, there could be grave consequences. In order to understand more clearly the causes and consequences of gas pipeline network accidents, and to develop prevention and mitigation measures, the author puts forward the application of improved bow-tie model to analyze risks of urban gas pipeline network. The improved bow-tie model analyzes accident causes from four aspects: human, materials, environment and management; it also analyzes the consequences from four aspects: casualty, property loss, environment and society. Then it quantifies the causes and consequences. Risk identification, risk analysis, risk assessment, risk control, and risk management will be clearly shown in the model figures. Then it can suggest prevention and mitigation measures accordingly to help reduce accident rate of gas pipeline network. The results show that the whole process of an accident can be visually investigated using the bow-tie model. It can also provide reasons for and predict consequences of an unfortunate event. It is of great significance in order to analyze leakage failure of gas pipeline network.

[A study of magnetic shielding design for a magnetic resonance imaging linac system].

PubMed

Zhang, Zheshun; Chen, Wenjing; Qiu, Yang; Zhu, Jianming

2017-12-01

One of the main technical challenges when integrating magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) systems with medical linear accelerator is the strong interference of fringe magnetic fields from the MRI system with the electron beams of linear accelerator, making the linear accelerator not to work properly. In order to minimize the interference of magnetic fields, a magnetic shielding cylinder with an open structure made of high permeability materials is designed. ANSYS Maxwell was used to simulate Helmholtz coil which generate uniform magnetic field instead of the fringe magnetic fields which affect accelerator gun. The parameters of shielding tube, such as permeability, radius, length, side thickness, bottom thickness and fringe magnetic fields strength are simulated, and the data is processed by MATLAB to compare the shielding performance. This article gives out a list of magnetic shielding effectiveness with different side thickness and bottom thickness under the optimal radius and length, which showes that this design can meet the shielding requirement for the MRI-linear accelerator system.

Synoptic analysis and hindcast of an intense bow echo in Western Europe: The 09 June 2014 storm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mathias, Luca; Ermert, Volker; Kelemen, Fanni D.; Ludwig, Patrick; Pinto, Joaquim G.

2017-04-01

On Pentecost Monday of 09 June 2014, a severe mesoscale convective system (MCS) hit Belgium and Western Germany. This storm was one of the most severe thunderstorms in Germany for decades. The synoptic-scale and mesoscale characteristics of this storm are analyzed based on remote sensing data and in-situ measurements. Moreover, the forecast potential of the storm is evaluated using sensitivity experiments with a regional climate model. The key ingredients for the development of the Pentecost storm were the concurrent presence of low-level moisture, atmospheric conditional instability and wind shear. The synoptic and mesoscale analysis shows that the outflow of a decaying MCS above northern France triggered the storm, which exhibited the typical features of a bow echo like a mesovortex and rear inflow jet. This resulted in hurricane-force wind gusts (reaching 40 m/s) along a narrow swath in the Rhine-Ruhr region leading to substantial damage. Operational numerical weather predictions models mostly failed to forecast the storm, but high-resolution regional model hindcasts enable a realistic simulation of the storm. The model experiments reveal that the development of the bow echo is particularly sensitive to the initial wind field and the lower tropospheric moisture content. Correct initial and boundary conditions are therefore necessary for realistic numerical forecasts of such a bow echo event. We conclude that the Pentecost storm exhibited a comparable structure and a similar intensity to the observed bow echo systems in the United States.

Systematic heat flow measurements across the Wagner Basin, northern Gulf of California

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neumann, Florian; Negrete-Aranda, Raquel; Harris, Robert N.; Contreras, Juan; Sclater, John G.; González-Fernández, Antonio

2017-12-01

A primary control on the geodynamics of rifting is the thermal regime. To better understand the geodynamics of rifting in the northern Gulf of California we systematically measured heat-flow across the Wagner Basin, a tectonically active basin that lies near the southern terminus of the Cerro Prieto fault. The heat flow profile is 40 km long, has a nominal measurement spacing of ∼1 km, and is collocated with a seismic reflection profile. Heat flow measurements were made with a 6.5-m violin-bow probe. Although heat flow data were collected in shallow water, where there are significant temporal variations in bottom water temperature, we use CTD data collected over many years to correct our measurements to yield accurate values of heat flow. After correction for bottom water temperature, the mean and standard deviation of heat flow across the western, central, and eastern parts of the basin are 220 ± 60, 99 ± 14, 889 ± 419 mW m-2, respectively. Corrections for sedimentation would increase measured heat flow across the central part of basin by 40 to 60%. We interpret the relatively high heat flow and large variability on the western and eastern flanks in terms of upward fluid flow at depth below the seafloor, whereas the lower and more consistent values across the central part of the basin are suggestive of conductive heat transfer. Moreover, heat flow across the central basin is consistent with gabbroic underplating at a depth of 15 km and suggests that continental rupture here has not gone to completion.

Procedural uncertainties of Proctor compaction tests applied on MSWI bottom ash.

PubMed

Izquierdo, Maria; Querol, Xavier; Vazquez, Enric

2011-02-28

MSWI bottom ash is a well-graded highly compactable material that can be used as a road material in unbound pavements. Achieving the compactness assumed in the design of the pavement is of primary concern to ensure long term structural stability. Regulations on road construction in a number of EU countries rely on standard tests originally developed for natural aggregates, which may not be appropriate to accurately assess MSWI bottom ash. This study is intended to assist in consistently assessing MSWI bottom ash compaction by means of the Proctor method. This test is routinely applied to address unbound road materials and suggests two methods. Compaction parameters show a marked procedural dependency due to the particle morphology and weak particle strength of ash. Re-compacting a single batch sample to determine Proctor curves is a common practise that turns out to overvalue optimum moisture contents and maximum dry densities. This could result in wet-side compactions not meeting stiffness requirements. Inaccurate moisture content measurements during testing may also induce erroneous determinations of compaction parameters. The role of a number of physical properties of MSWI bottom ash in compaction is also investigated. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mapping of sound scattering objects in the northern part of the Barents Sea and their geological interpretation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sokolov, S. Yu.; Moroz, E. A.; Abramova, A. S.; Zarayskaya, Yu. A.; Dobrolubova, K. O.

2017-07-01

On cruises 25 (2007) and 28 (2011) of the R/V Akademik Nikolai Strakhov in the northern part of the Barents Sea, the Geological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, conducted comprehensive research on the bottom relief and upper part of the sedimentary cover profile under the auspices of the International Polar Year program. One of the instrument components was the SeaBat 8111 shallow-water multibeam echo sounder, which can map the acoustic field similarly to a side scan sonar, which records the response both from the bottom and from the water column. In the operations area, intense sound scattering objects produced by the discharge of deep fluid flows are detected in the water column. The sound scattering objects and pockmarks in the bottom relief are related to anomalies in hydrocarbon gas concentrations in bottom sediments. The sound scattering objects are localized over Triassic sequences outcropping from the bottom. The most intense degassing processes manifest themselves near the contact of the Triassic sequences and Jurassic clay deposits, as well as over deep depressions in a field of Bouguer anomalies related to the basement of the Jurassic-Cretaceous rift system

Water-Pressure Distribution on Seaplane Float

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, F L

1929-01-01

The investigation presented in this report was conducted for the purpose of determining the distribution and magnitude of water pressures likely to be experienced on seaplane hulls in service. It consisted of the development and construction of apparatus for recording water pressures lasting one one-hundredth second or longer and of flight tests to determine the water pressures on a UO-1 seaplane float under various conditions of taxiing, taking off, and landing. The apparatus developed was found to operate with satisfactory accuracy and is suitable for flight tests on other seaplanes. The tests on the UO-1 showed that maximum pressures of about 6.5 pounds per square inch occur at the step for the full width of the float bottom. Proceeding forward from the step the maximum pressures decrease in magnitude uniformly toward the bow, and the region of highest pressures narrows toward the keel. Immediately abaft the step the maximum pressures are very small, but increase in magnitude toward the stern and there once reached a value of about 5 pounds per square inch. (author)

Two massive stars possibly ejected from NGC 3603 via a three-body encounter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gvaramadze, V. V.; Kniazev, A. Y.; Chené, A.-N.; Schnurr, O.

2013-03-01

We report the discovery of a bow-shock-producing star in the vicinity of the young massive star cluster NGC 3603 using archival data of the Spitzer Space Telescope. Follow-up optical spectroscopy of this star with Gemini-South led to its classification as O6 V. The orientation of the bow shock and the distance to the star (based on its spectral type) suggest that the star was expelled from the cluster, while the young age of the cluster (˜2 Myr) implies that the ejection was caused by a dynamical few-body encounter in the cluster's core. The relative position on the sky of the O6 V star and a recently discovered O2 If*/WN6 star (located on the opposite side of NGC 3603) allows us to propose that both objects were ejected from the cluster via the same dynamical event - a three-body encounter between a single (O6 V) star and a massive binary (now the O2 If*/WN6 star). If our proposal is correct, then one can `weigh' the O2 If*/WN6 star using the conservation of the linear momentum. Given a mass of the O6 V star of ≈30 M⊙, we found that at the moment of ejection the mass of the O2 If*/WN6 star was ≈175 M⊙. Moreover, the observed X-ray luminosity of the O2 If*/WN6 star (typical of a single star) suggests that the components of this originally binary system have merged (e.g., because of encounter hardening).

Nanoeletromechanical switch and logic circuits formed therefrom

DOEpatents

Nordquist, Christopher D [Albuquerque, NM; Czaplewski, David A [Albuquerque, NM

2010-05-18

A nanoelectromechanical (NEM) switch is formed on a substrate with a source electrode containing a suspended electrically-conductive beam which is anchored to the substrate at each end. This beam, which can be formed of ruthenium, bows laterally in response to a voltage applied between a pair of gate electrodes and the source electrode to form an electrical connection between the source electrode and a drain electrode located near a midpoint of the beam. Another pair of gate electrodes and another drain electrode can be located on an opposite side of the beam to allow for switching in an opposite direction. The NEM switch can be used to form digital logic circuits including NAND gates, NOR gates, programmable logic gates, and SRAM and DRAM memory cells which can be used in place of conventional CMOS circuits, or in combination therewith.

Simulating the Heliosphere with Kinetic Hydrogen and Dynamic MHD Source Terms

DOE PAGES

Heerikhuisen, Jacob; Pogorelov, Nikolai; Zank, Gary

2013-04-01

The interaction between the ionized plasma of the solar wind (SW) emanating from the sun and the partially ionized plasma of the local interstellar medium (LISM) creates the heliosphere. The heliospheric interface is characterized by the tangential discontinuity known as the heliopause that separates the SW and LISM plasmas, and a termination shock on the SW side along with a possible bow shock on the LISM side. Neutral Hydrogen of interstellar origin plays a critical role in shaping the heliospheric interface, since it freely traverses the heliopause. Charge-exchange between H-atoms and plasma protons couples the ions and neutrals, but themore » mean free paths are large, resulting in non-equilibrated energetic ion and neutral components. In our model, source terms for the MHD equations are generated using a kinetic approach for hydrogen, and the key computational challenge is to resolve these sources with sufficient statistics. For steady-state simulations, statistics can accumulate over arbitrarily long time intervals. In this paper we discuss an approach for improving the statistics in time-dependent calculations, and present results from simulations of the heliosphere where the SW conditions at the inner boundary of the computation vary according to an idealized solar cycle.« less

Plasma waves associated with the AMPTE artificial comet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gurnett, D. A.; Anderson, R. R.; Haeusler, B.; Haerendel, G.; Bauer, O. H.

1985-01-01

Numerous plasma wave effects were detected by the AMPTE/IRM spacecraft during the artificial comet experiment on December 27, 1984. As the barium ion cloud produced by the explosion expanded over the spacecraft, emissions at the electron plasma frequency and ion plasma frequency provided a determination of the local electron density. The electron density in the diamagnetic cavity produced by the ion cloud reached a peak of more than 5 x 10 to the 5th per cu cm, then decayed smoothly as the cloud expanded, varying approximately as t exp-2. As the cloud began to move due to interactions with the solar wind, a region of compressed plasma was encountered on the upstream side of the diamagnetic cavity. The peak electron density in the compression region was about 1.5 x 10 to the 4th per cu cm. Later, a very intense (140 mVolt/m) broadband burst of electrostatic noise was encountered on the sunward side of the compression region. This noise has characteristics very similar to noise observed in the earth's bow shock, and is believed to be a shocklike interaction produced by an ion beam-plasma instability between the nearly stationary barium ions and the streaming solar wind protons.

30 CFR 7.42 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Battery Assemblies § 7.42 Definitions. The following definitions apply in this subpart: Battery assembly. A unit or units consisting of cells and their electrical connections, assembled in a battery box or boxes with covers. Battery box. The exterior sides, bottom, and...

29 CFR 1917.117 - Manlifts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...) Warning signs and lights; (12) Illumination; (13) Drive pulley; (14) Bottom (boot) pulley and clearance... manlift. (j) Landings. (1) Clear and unobstructed landing spaces shall be provided at each level. Manlifts... strength to support 250 pounds (1,112 N). (k) Floor opening guards. The ascending sides of manlift floor...

29 CFR 1917.117 - Manlifts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...) Warning signs and lights; (12) Illumination; (13) Drive pulley; (14) Bottom (boot) pulley and clearance... manlift. (j) Landings. (1) Clear and unobstructed landing spaces shall be provided at each level. Manlifts... strength to support 250 pounds (1,112 N). (k) Floor opening guards. The ascending sides of manlift floor...

29 CFR 1917.117 - Manlifts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) Warning signs and lights; (12) Illumination; (13) Drive pulley; (14) Bottom (boot) pulley and clearance... manlift. (j) Landings. (1) Clear and unobstructed landing spaces shall be provided at each level. Manlifts... strength to support 250 pounds (1,112 N). (k) Floor opening guards. The ascending sides of manlift floor...

29 CFR 1917.117 - Manlifts.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

...) Warning signs and lights; (12) Illumination; (13) Drive pulley; (14) Bottom (boot) pulley and clearance... manlift. (j) Landings. (1) Clear and unobstructed landing spaces shall be provided at each level. Manlifts... strength to support 250 pounds (1,112 N). (k) Floor opening guards. The ascending sides of manlift floor...

30 CFR 7.42 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Battery Assemblies § 7.42 Definitions. The following definitions apply in this subpart: Battery assembly. A unit or units consisting of cells and their electrical connections, assembled in a battery box or boxes with covers. Battery box. The exterior sides, bottom, and...

30 CFR 7.42 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Battery Assemblies § 7.42 Definitions. The following definitions apply in this subpart: Battery assembly. A unit or units consisting of cells and their electrical connections, assembled in a battery box or boxes with covers. Battery box. The exterior sides, bottom, and...

New comparisons of ISR and RO data with the model IRI-Plas

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maltseva, Olga; Mozhaeva, Natalya; Zhbankov, Gennadii

2012-07-01

Space Weather events lead to strong changes in peak parameters of the ionosphere. These parameters, foF2 and hmF2, define the N(h)-profile, which is known to include bottom side and topside parts. Numerous studies have shown that adaptation of the IRI model to the experimental values of foF2 and hmF2 gave a good agreement between experimental and model N(h)-profiles of the bottom side ionosphere. This is not about the topside N(h)-profile. To improve the situation measurements of the total electron content TEC are involved. This work is devoted to the use of peak parameters with the TEC during Space Weather events for the evaluation of propagation conditions in both the bottom side and the topside ionosphere, based on the model IRI-Plas. To assess how well the model N(h)-profile matches the experimental one, the model IRI-Plas is tested according to the Incoherent Scatter Radars and the Radio Occultation measurements in various parts of the globe and at different levels of solar activity. The experimental N(h)-profiles are compared with profiles for the original model, the model adapted to the foF2 and hmF2, and for a model with full adaptation (including the TEC). The best fit is obtained in the European region, so the SW variations of peak parameters and N(h)-profiles are studied on the example of the European area. The IRI-Plas model allows to estimate the relative contributions of each region (bottom side BOT, topside TOP and plasmaspheric PL parts) in the value of the TEC. As the analysis of two W- and Wp-indexes (Gulyaeva, 2008; Gulyaeva and Stanislawska, 2008) is shown, TEC-storms occur in 2 times more likely than foF2-storms. This testifies that the variations of parts BOT, TOP and PL in the TEC are different. It determines different variations of N(h)-profiles. Results are given for several types of SW-events, in particular, for the strong positive and negative disturbances, when the variations of TEC and foF2 are of the same sign and the corresponding perturbation covers all regions of the ionosphere. Particular attention is paid to variations of peak parameters and N(h)-profiles during weak and moderate disturbances and bursts of TEC in long period of low activity, when the TEC and foF2 variations and variations of different parts of TEC are in the opposite phase.

Hypersonic Flow over a Cylinder with a Nanosecond-Pulse Electrical Discharge

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-01-01

variation in bow-shock location, but no other factors, including rarefaction effects due to partial-slip walls, made an appreciable difference in the bow...heat transfer coefficient, Ch = 2 q/(ρ∞ u 3 ∞) along the surface of the cylinder at various times after the ns-DBD pulse. The curves were spanwise

36 CFR 242.25 - Subsistence taking of fish, wildlife, and shellfish: general regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

..., mountain goat, moose, musk ox, Dall sheep, wolf, and wolverine. Bow means a longbow, recurve bow, or... (land) otter, red squirrel, flying squirrel, ground squirrel, marmot, wolf, or wolverine. Fyke net means...) Utilization of fish, wildlife, or shellfish. (1) You may not use wildlife as food for a dog or furbearer, or...

36 CFR 242.25 - Subsistence taking of fish, wildlife, and shellfish: general regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

..., mountain goat, moose, musk ox, Dall sheep, wolf, and wolverine. Bow means a longbow, recurve bow, or... (land) otter, red squirrel, flying squirrel, ground squirrel, marmot, wolf, or wolverine. Fyke net means...) Utilization of fish, wildlife, or shellfish. (1) You may not use wildlife as food for a dog or furbearer, or...

36 CFR 242.25 - Subsistence taking of fish, wildlife, and shellfish: general regulations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

..., mountain goat, moose, musk ox, Dall sheep, wolf, and wolverine. Bow means a longbow, recurve bow, or... (land) otter, red squirrel, flying squirrel, ground squirrel, marmot, wolf, or wolverine. Fyke net means...) Utilization of fish, wildlife, or shellfish. (1) You may not use wildlife as food for a dog or furbearer, or...

26 CFR 48.4161(b)-1 - Imposition and rates of tax; bows and arrows.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 26 Internal Revenue 16 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 true Imposition and rates of tax; bows and arrows. 48.4161(b)-1 Section 48.4161(b)-1 Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) MISCELLANEOUS EXCISE TAXES MANUFACTURERS AND RETAILERS EXCISE TAXES Sporting Goods § 48.4161(b)-1...

75 FR 33802 - City of Broken Bow, OK; Broken Bow Re-Regulation Dam; Hydropower Project; Notice of Proposed...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-15

... Service List for a Programmatic Agreement for Managing Properties Included in or Eligible for Inclusion in... programmatic agreement for managing properties included in, or eligible for inclusion in, the National Register...-captioned proceeding may request inclusion on the restricted service list, or may request that a restricted...

Photo series for quantifying forest residues in managed lands of the Medicine Bow National Forest

Treesearch

John B. Popp; John E. Lundquist

2006-01-01

This photo series presents a visual representation of a range of fuel loading conditions specifically found on the Medicine Bow National Forest. The photos are grouped by forest type and past management practices. This field guide describes the distribution of different types of woody fuels and includes some vegetation data.

46 CFR 114.400 - Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of the vessel, or one hour, whichever is less. Atrium (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings... other vessels. Bulbous bow means a design of bow in which the forward underwater frames ahead of the.... Cockpit vessel means vessel with an exposed recess in the weather deck extending not more than one-half of...

46 CFR 114.400 - Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of the vessel, or one hour, whichever is less. Atrium (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings... other vessels. Bulbous bow means a design of bow in which the forward underwater frames ahead of the.... Cockpit vessel means vessel with an exposed recess in the weather deck extending not more than one-half of...

46 CFR 114.400 - Definitions of terms used in this subchapter.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of the vessel, or one hour, whichever is less. Atrium (5 or 7 depending on fire load and furnishings... other vessels. Bulbous bow means a design of bow in which the forward underwater frames ahead of the.... Cockpit vessel means vessel with an exposed recess in the weather deck extending not more than one-half of...

The research on medical image classification algorithm based on PLSA-BOW model.

PubMed

Cao, C H; Cao, H L

2016-04-29

With the rapid development of modern medical imaging technology, medical image classification has become more important for medical diagnosis and treatment. To solve the existence of polysemous words and synonyms problem, this study combines the word bag model with PLSA (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis) and proposes the PLSA-BOW (Probabilistic Latent Semantic Analysis-Bag of Words) model. In this paper we introduce the bag of words model in text field to image field, and build the model of visual bag of words model. The method enables the word bag model-based classification method to be further improved in accuracy. The experimental results show that the PLSA-BOW model for medical image classification can lead to a more accurate classification.

MMS Observation of Shock-Reflected He++ at Earth's Quasi-Perpendicular Bow Shock

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Broll, Jeffrey Michael; Fuselier, S. A.; Trattner, K. J.; Schwartz, S. J.; Burch, J. L.; Giles, B. L.; Anderson, B. J.

2018-01-01

Specular reflection of protons at Earth's supercritical quasi-perpendicular bow shock has long been known to lead to the thermalization of solar wind particles by velocity-space dispersion. The same process has been proposed for He++ but could not be confirmed previously due to insufficient time resolution for velocity distribution measurements. We present observations and simulations of a bow shock crossing by the Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) mission on 20 November 2015 indicating that a very similar reflection process for He++ is possible, and further that the part of the incoming distribution with the highest probability of reflecting is the same for H+ and He++. However, the reflection process for He++ is accomplished by deeper penetration into the downstream magnetic fields.