7 CFR 51.609 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... one-half of a square inch on the midrib portion of the branch or branches. (c) Growth cracks, when the stalk has more than one branch affected by growth cracks any of which are more than one-half inch long... are more than five hair-like lines of any length on one or more heart branches, or when there is more...

7 CFR 51.613 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... on the midrib portion of the branch or branches. (c) Growth cracks, when the stalk has more than two branches affected by growth cracks any of which are more than one-half inch long. (d) Pithy branches, when... attached to the top of the seedstem. (f) Rust, when there are more than fifteen hair-like lines of any...

7 CFR 51.609 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... one-half of a square inch on the midrib portion of the branch or branches. (c) Growth cracks, when the stalk has more than one branch affected by growth cracks any of which are more than one-half inch long... are more than five hair-like lines of any length on one or more heart branches, or when there is more...

Observations of Cygnus X-2 with IUE: Ultraviolet results from a multiwavelength campaign

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vrtilek, S. D.; Raymond, J. C.; Garcia, M. R.; Verbunt, F.; Hasinger, Guenther; Kuerster, M.

1989-01-01

The observations of the low-mass x ray binary, Cyg X-2, taken with the International Ultraviolet Explorer (IUE) in a campaign conducted in June and October of 1988 are reported. A direct relationship between the strength of the UV continuum and line emission and the placement of the x ray spectrum in one of three branches of the so-called Z-shaped curve is found by comparison with simultaneous x ray observations. All three previously known x ray spectral states are detected; the UV continuum and line emission increase monotonically along the Z with the least emission in the horizontal branch, and the most in the flaring branch. Emission lines due to HeII, CIV, NIII, NIV, NV, SiIV, and MgII are observed.

Anatomy-based image processing analysis of the running pattern of the perioral artery for minimally invasive surgery.

PubMed

Lee, Sang-Hee; Lee, Minho; Kim, Hee-Jin

2014-10-01

We aimed to elucidate the tortuous course of the perioral artery with the aid of image processing, and to suggest accurate reference points for minimally invasive surgery. We used 59 hemifaces from 19 Korean and 20 Thai cadavers. A perioral line was defined to connect the point at which the facial artery emerged on the mandibular margin, and the ramification point of the lateral nasal artery and the inferior alar branch. The course of the perioral artery was reproduced as a graph based on the perioral line and analysed by adding the image of the artery using MATLAB. The course of the artery could be classified into 2 according to the course of the alar branch - oblique and vertical. Two distinct inflection points appeared in the course of the artery along the perioral line at the ramification points of the alar branch and the inferior labial artery, respectively, and the course of the artery across the face can be predicted based on the following references: the perioral line, the ramification point of the alar branch (5∼10 mm medial to the perioral line at the level of the lower third of the upper lip) and the inferior labial artery (5∼10 mm medial to the perioral line at the level of the middle of the lower lip). Copyright © 2014 The British Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Pure rotation spectrum of CF4 in the v3 = 1 state using THz synchrotron radiation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Boudon, V.; Carlos, M.; Richard, C.; Pirali, O.

2018-06-01

Spherical-top tetrahedral species like CH4, SiH4, CF4, …possess no permanent dipole moment. Therefore, probing their pure rotation spectrum is very challenging since only a very weak dipole moment can be induced by centrifugal distortion and/or rovibrational interaction. If some Q branch lines have been recorded thanks to microwave techniques, R branch lines in the THz region have been poorly explored until recently. In previous studies, we have reported the pure rotation THz spectrum of cold and hot band lines of methane recorded at the SOLEIL Synchrotron facility. Here, we present the first recorded THz spectrum of the R branch of CF4, a powerful greenhouse gas, in its v3 = 1 state. This Fourier transform spectrum covers the R (20) to R (37) line clusters, in the 20-37 cm-1 spectral range. It was recorded thanks to a 150 m multiple path cell at room temperature. We could estimate the vibration-induced dipole moment value and also include the recorded line positions in a global fit of many CF4 transitions.

Measurements of argon-, helium-, hydrogen-, and nitrogen-broadened widths of methane lines near 9000 per cm

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fox, Kenneth; Jennings, Donald E.; Stern, Elizabeth A.; Hubbard, Rob

1988-01-01

Pressure-broadened widths of rotational-vibrational lines in CH4 have been measured at very high spectral resolution in the R-branch of the 3nu3 overtone. The broadening gases were Ar, He, H2, and N2. Results are presented as averages for J-multiplets at ambient temperature. The overall values (per cm per atm) for these R-branch lines are 0.0651 (CH4-Ar), 0.0508 (CH4-He), 0.0728 (CH4-H2), and 0.0715 (CH4-N2).

7 CFR 51.573 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... defect, shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth cracks when more than 2 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or when more than 6 branches have growth cracks; (b... branches of the stalk, whichever is less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long...

7 CFR 51.586 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

...) Growth cracks when more than 4 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or when more than 8 branches have growth cracks; (b) Horizontal cracks when more than 5 branches..., whichever is less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring on the outer...

7 CFR 51.586 - Serious damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

...) Growth cracks when more than 4 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or when more than 8 branches have growth cracks; (b) Horizontal cracks when more than 5 branches..., whichever is less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long occurring on the outer...

7 CFR 51.573 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... defect, shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth cracks when more than 2 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or when more than 6 branches have growth cracks; (b... branches of the stalk, whichever is less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long...

7 CFR 51.573 - Damage.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... defect, shall be considered as damage: (a) Growth cracks when more than 2 branches are affected by growth cracks which are over one-half inch in length, or when more than 6 branches have growth cracks; (b... branches of the stalk, whichever is less, has more than 3 distinct hair-like lines more than 3 inches long...

Consequences of transforming narrow leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius [L.]) with an ipt gene under control of a flower-specific promoter.

PubMed

Atkins, Craig A; Emery, R J Neil; Smith, Penelope M C

2011-12-01

Phenotypes of five transgenic lines of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius [L] cv Merrit) stably transformed with the isopentenyl pyrophosphate transferase (ipt) gene from Agrobacterium tumefaciens coupled to a flower-specific promoter (TP12) from Nicotiana tabacum [L.] are described. Expression of the transgene was detected in floral tissues and in shoot apical meristems on all orders of inflorescence. In each transgenic line there was significant axillary bud outgrowth at all nodes on the main stem with pronounced branch development from the more basal nodes in three of the lines. The lowest basal branches developed in a manner similar to the upper stem axillary branches on cv Merrit and bore fruits, which, in two lines, contained a significant yield of filled seeds at maturity. Senescence of the cotyledons was delayed in all lines with green cotyledons persisting beyond anthesis in one case. IPT expression increased cytokinin (CK) levels in flowers, meristem tissues and phloem exudates in a form specific manner, which was suggestive of localized flower and meristem production with significant long-distance re-distribution in phloem. The total number of fruits formed (pod set) on some transgenic lines was increased compared to cv Merrit. Grain size compared to cv Merrit was not significantly altered in transgenic lines.

SLAC-standard CAMAC branch terminator (Engineering Materials)

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Not Available

1980-04-04

The drawings listed on the drawing list provide the data and specifications for constructing a Branch Terminator for the SLAC standard CAMAC units. This is a device for matching the cables and other branch lines in the system. This unit is designed for a certain group of SLAC CAMAC units which are referred to as SLAC-Standard CAMAC Units.

A new species of Myloplus Gill (Characiformes, Serrasalmidae) from the Tumucumaque Mountain Range, Brazil and French Guiana, with comments on M. rubripinnis.

PubMed

Andrade, Marcelo C; JÉgu, Michel; Gama, Cecile S

2018-04-03

A new species of Myloplus Gill is described from Eastern Tumucumaque Mountain Range, drainages of the Oyapock and Araguari rivers between Brazil and French Guiana. The new species is diagnosed by having comparatively large scales on the flanks, resulting in lower counts when compared with congeners, i.e., 59 to 70 total perforated scales on lateral line, 31 to 35 longitudinal scales above lateral line, 24 to 29 longitudinal scales below lateral line, and 22 to 26 circumpeduncular scale rows. The new species most closely resembles Myloplus rubripinnis by sharing with this species a general rounded shape, a similar color pattern, and a high number of rays, i.e., 23 to 25 branched dorsal-fin rays and 35 to 38 branched anal-fin rays in the new species (vs. 24 to 25 and 32 to 40, respectively, in M. rubripinnis). After reviewing the available type-specimens of all Myloplus species, M. rubripinnis is re-diagnosed as having higher counts of branched dorsal-fin rays and anal-fin rays combined to tiny scales on flanks, i.e., 85 to 89 total perforated scales on lateral line, 38 to 45 longitudinal scales above lateral line, 33 to 42 longitudinal scales below lateral line, and 30 to 39 circumpeduncular scale rows.

Absorption coefficients and frequency shifts measurement in the spectral range of 1071.88-1084.62 cm-1 vs. pressure for chlorodifluoromethane (CHClF2) using tunable CW CO2 laser

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Hawat, Sharif

2013-02-01

Infrared (IR) absorption in the spectral range of (1071.88-1084.62 cm-1) vs. pressure in chlorodifluoromethane (CFC-22, F-22, and CHClF2) was studied using a tunable continuous wave (CW) CO2 laser radiation on 9R branch lines with a maximum output power of about 2.12 W, provided with an absorber cell located outside the laser cavity. The absorption coefficients were determined vs. the gas pressure between 0.2 mbar and 170 mbar at lines from 9R branch for CFC-22. The frequency shifts of the absorption lines of CFC-22 in relative to the central frequencies of laser lines were calculated vs. the pressure on the basis of these absorption coefficients. The chosen lines were selected according to IR spectrum of the studied gas given by HITRAN cross section database. So the absorption was achieved for CFC-22 at the spectral lines of 9R branch situated from 9R (10) to 9R (30) emitted by a tunable CW CO2 laser. The absorption cross sections of CFC-22 determined in this work were compared with the relevant data given by HITRAN cross section database and a reasonable agreement was observed.

Intramuscular communicating branches in the flexor digitorum profundus: dissection and Sihler's staining.

PubMed

Won, Sung-Yoon; Choi, Da-Yae; Lee, Jae-Gi; Yoon, Kwan-Hyun; Kwak, Hyun-Ho; Hu, Kyung-Seok; Kim, Hee-Jin

2010-03-01

This study was designed to clarify the anatomy of the intramuscular communicating branch (ICb) between the median and ulnar nerves in the flexor digitorum profundus (FDP), and morphologically demonstrate the location of connection. Twenty Korean cadavers were dissected and a further 8 were subjected to modified Sihler's staining to investigate the pattern of innervation of the ICb and the location of its communicating points in muscle. The median and ulnar nerves divided into small branches before entering FDP muscle. Of these small branches, one or two met inside the muscle. This communicating pattern could be classified into three types: type I, communicating branches in both the proximal and distal regions; type II, at least one communicating branch in the proximal region; type III, at least one communicating branch in the distal region. Of 20 dissected specimens, no case of type I was observed, but 3 cases of type II and 15 cases of type III were found. No ICbs at all were found in two of the dissected specimens. In eight stained specimens, one was classified as type I, two as type II, and five as type III. The proximal communicating branches were located at 34.1% from the interepicondylar line, inside the third muscle bundle. The distal communicating branches were located at 66.0% from the interepicondylar line, between third and fourth muscle bundles. These findings could provide critical anatomical information regarding the nerve distribution of FDP focused on the ICbs.

Topographical anatomy of the radial nerve and its muscular branches related to surface landmarks.

PubMed

Cho, Hyejin; Lee, Hye-Yeon; Gil, Young-Chun; Choi, Yun-Rak; Yang, Hee-Jun

2013-10-01

Understanding of the anatomy of the radial nerve and its branches is vital to the treatment of humeral fracture or the restoration of upper extremity function. In this study, we dissected 40 upper extremities from adult cadavers to locate the course of the radial nerve and the origins and insertions of the branches of the radial nerve using surface landmarks. The radial nerve reached and left the radial groove and pierced the lateral intermuscular septum, at the levels of 46.7, 60.5, and 66.8% from the acromion to the transepicondylar line, respectively. Branches to the long head of the triceps brachii originated in the axilla, and branches to the medial and lateral heads originated in the axilla or in the arm. The muscular attachments to the long, medial, and lateral heads were on average 34.0 mm proximal, 16.4 mm distal, and 19.3 mm proximal to the level of inferior end of the deltoid muscle, respectively. The radial nerve innervated 65.0% of the brachialis muscles. Branches to the brachioradialis and those to the extensor carpi radialis longus arose from the radial nerve above the transepicondylar line. Branches to the extensor carpi radialis brevis usually arose from the deep branch of radial nerve (67.5%); however, in some cases, branches to the extensor carpi radialis brevis arose from either the radial nerve (20.0%) or the superficial branch of the radial nerve (12.5%). Using these data, the course of the radial nerve can be estimated by observing the surface of the arm. Copyright © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The FERRUM Project: Experimental Transition Probabilities of [Fe II] and Astrophysical Applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hartman, H.; Derkatch, A.; Donnelly, M. P.; Gull, T.; Hibbert, A.; Johannsson, S.; Lundberg, H.; Mannervik, S.; Norlin, L. -O.; Rostohar, D.

2002-01-01

We report on experimental transition probabilities for thirteen forbidden [Fe II] lines originating from three different metastable Fe II levels. Radiative lifetimes have been measured of two metastable states by applying a laser probing technique on a stored ion beam. Branching ratios for the radiative decay channels, i.e. M1 and E2 transitions, are derived from observed intensity ratios of forbidden lines in astrophysical spectra and compared with theoretical data. The lifetimes and branching ratios are combined to derive absolute transition probabilities, A-values. We present the first experimental lifetime values for the two Fe II levels a(sup 4)G(sub 9/2) and b(sup 2)H(sub 11/2) and A-values for 13 forbidden transitions from a(sup 6)S(sub 5/2), a(sup 4)G(sub 9/2) and b(sup 4)D(sub 7/2) in the optical region. A discrepancy between the measured and calculated values of the lifetime for the b(sup 2)H(sub 11/2) level is discussed in terms of level mixing. We have used the code CIV3 to calculate transition probabilities of the a(sup 6)D-a(sup 6)S transitions. We have also studied observational branching ratios for lines from 5 other metastable Fe II levels and compared them to calculated values. A consistency in the deviation between calibrated observational intensity ratios and theoretical branching ratios for lines in a wider wavelength region supports the use of [Fe II] lines for determination of reddening.

Oscillator strengths of the Si II 181 nanometer resonance multiplet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bergeson, S. D.; Lawler, J. E.

1993-01-01

We report Si II experimental log (gf)-values of -2.38(4) for the 180.801 nm line, of -2.18(4) for the 181.693 nm line, and of -3.29(5) for the 181.745 nm line, where the number in parentheses is the uncertainty in the last digit. The overall uncertainties (about 10 percent) include the 1 sigma random uncertainty (about 6 percent) and an estimate of the systematic uncertainty. The oscillator strengths are determined by combining branching fractions and radiative lifetimes. The branching fractions are measured using standard spectroradiometry on an optically thin source; the radiative lifetimes are measured using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence.

Model-based branching point detection in single-cell data by K-branches clustering

PubMed Central

Chlis, Nikolaos K.; Wolf, F. Alexander; Theis, Fabian J.

2017-01-01

Abstract Motivation The identification of heterogeneities in cell populations by utilizing single-cell technologies such as single-cell RNA-Seq, enables inference of cellular development and lineage trees. Several methods have been proposed for such inference from high-dimensional single-cell data. They typically assign each cell to a branch in a differentiation trajectory. However, they commonly assume specific geometries such as tree-like developmental hierarchies and lack statistically sound methods to decide on the number of branching events. Results We present K-Branches, a solution to the above problem by locally fitting half-lines to single-cell data, introducing a clustering algorithm similar to K-Means. These halflines are proxies for branches in the differentiation trajectory of cells. We propose a modified version of the GAP statistic for model selection, in order to decide on the number of lines that best describe the data locally. In this manner, we identify the location and number of subgroups of cells that are associated with branching events and full differentiation, respectively. We evaluate the performance of our method on single-cell RNA-Seq data describing the differentiation of myeloid progenitors during hematopoiesis, single-cell qPCR data of mouse blastocyst development, single-cell qPCR data of human myeloid monocytic leukemia and artificial data. Availability and implementation An R implementation of K-Branches is freely available at https://github.com/theislab/kbranches. Contact fabian.theis@helmholtz-muenchen.de Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online. PMID:28582478

Atomic Oscillator Strengths in the Vacuum Ultraviolet

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nave, Gillian; Sansonetti, Craig J.; Szabo, Csilla I.

2006-01-01

We have developed techniques to measure branching fractions in the vacuum ultraviolet using diffraction grating spectroscopy and phosphor image plates as detectors. These techniques have been used to measure branching fractions in Fe II that give prominent emission lines in astrophysical objects.

49 CFR 1152.36 - Submission of revenue and cost data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...-freight cars j. Revenue taxes k. Property taxes 6. Off-branch costs a. Off-branch costs (other than return.... Holding gain (loss) XXXX 16. Total return on value (line 14 minus 15) 3 XXXX 17. Avoidable loss from...

49 CFR 1152.36 - Submission of revenue and cost data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...-freight cars j. Revenue taxes k. Property taxes 6. Off-branch costs a. Off-branch costs (other than return.... Holding gain (loss) XXXX 16. Total return on value (line 14 minus 15) 3 XXXX 17. Avoidable loss from...

49 CFR 1152.36 - Submission of revenue and cost data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...-freight cars j. Revenue taxes k. Property taxes 6. Off-branch costs a. Off-branch costs (other than return.... Holding gain (loss) XXXX 16. Total return on value (line 14 minus 15) 3 XXXX 17. Avoidable loss from...

49 CFR 1152.36 - Submission of revenue and cost data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...-freight cars j. Revenue taxes k. Property taxes 6. Off-branch costs a. Off-branch costs (other than return.... Holding gain (loss) XXXX 16. Total return on value (line 14 minus 15) 3 XXXX 17. Avoidable loss from...

49 CFR 1152.36 - Submission of revenue and cost data.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...-freight cars j. Revenue taxes k. Property taxes 6. Off-branch costs a. Off-branch costs (other than return.... Holding gain (loss) XXXX 16. Total return on value (line 14 minus 15) 3 XXXX 17. Avoidable loss from...

30 CFR 250.1613 - Diverter systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... number of turns in the vent line(s) downstream of the spool outlet flange, and the radius of curvature of... utilizes only one spool outlet, branch lines shall be installed to provide downwind diversion capability, and (2) No spool outlet or diverter line internal diameter shall be less than 10 inches, except that...

30 CFR 250.1613 - Diverter systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a minimum number of turns in the vent line(s) downstream of the spool outlet flange, and the radius... system utilizes only one spool outlet, branch lines shall be installed to provide downwind diversion capability, and (2) No spool outlet or diverter line internal diameter shall be less than 10 inches, except...

30 CFR 250.1613 - Diverter systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... number of turns in the vent line(s) downstream of the spool outlet flange, and the radius of curvature of... utilizes only one spool outlet, branch lines shall be installed to provide downwind diversion capability, and (2) No spool outlet or diverter line internal diameter shall be less than 10 inches, except that...

30 CFR 250.1613 - Diverter systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... number of turns in the vent line(s) downstream of the spool outlet flange, and the radius of curvature of... utilizes only one spool outlet, branch lines shall be installed to provide downwind diversion capability, and (2) No spool outlet or diverter line internal diameter shall be less than 10 inches, except that...

Metabolomic Footprints of Lethal Versus Indolent Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

along this line of research. This technology has identified a clear metabolic profiling of branch chain amino acids for risk of future pancreatic...mortality. The manuscript has been submitted to JNCI. c. Elevation of circulating branched - chain amino acids is an early event in human pancreatic...elevated plasma levels of branched - chain amino acids (BCAAs) are associated with a greater than twofold increased risk of future pancreatic cancer

23. View of room lined with posters beneath balcony seating ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

23. View of room lined with posters beneath balcony seating - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Northwestern Branch, Ward Memorial Hall, 5000 West National Avenue, Milwaukee, Milwaukee County, WI

10. SINUOUS EARTH BERMS ALONG CONTOUR LINE. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

10. SINUOUS EARTH BERMS ALONG CONTOUR LINE. VIEW TO NORTHWEST. - Natomas Ditch System, Rhoades' Branch Ditch, Approximately 7 miles between Nesmith Court and White Rock Road, Folsom, Sacramento County, CA

12 CFR 702.202 - Prompt corrective action for “undercapitalized” credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... open new branches; (4) Restrict member business loans. Beginning the effective date of classification as “undercapitalized” or lower, not increase the total dollar amount of member business loans..., branching, new lines of business. Prohibit a credit union from, directly or indirectly, acquiring any...

Reduced Lateral Root Branching Density Improves Drought Tolerance in Maize1[OPEN

PubMed Central

Zhan, Ai; Schneider, Hannah

2015-01-01

An emerging paradigm is that root traits that reduce the metabolic costs of soil exploration improve the acquisition of limiting soil resources. Here, we test the hypothesis that reduced lateral root branching density will improve drought tolerance in maize (Zea mays) by reducing the metabolic costs of soil exploration, permitting greater axial root elongation, greater rooting depth, and thereby greater water acquisition from drying soil. Maize recombinant inbred lines with contrasting lateral root number and length (few but long [FL] and many but short [MS]) were grown under water stress in greenhouse mesocosms, in field rainout shelters, and in a second field environment with natural drought. Under water stress in mesocosms, lines with the FL phenotype had substantially less lateral root respiration per unit of axial root length, deeper rooting, greater leaf relative water content, greater stomatal conductance, and 50% greater shoot biomass than lines with the MS phenotype. Under water stress in the two field sites, lines with the FL phenotype had deeper rooting, much lighter stem water isotopic signature, signifying deeper water capture, 51% to 67% greater shoot biomass at flowering, and 144% greater yield than lines with the MS phenotype. These results entirely support the hypothesis that reduced lateral root branching density improves drought tolerance. The FL lateral root phenotype merits consideration as a selection target to improve the drought tolerance of maize and possibly other cereal crops. PMID:26077764

Line mixing in a N2-broadened CO2 Q branch observed with a tunable diode laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gentry, Bruce; Strow, L. Larrabee

1987-01-01

Line-mixing effects have been observed in the infrared Q branch of the (11/1/0,03/1/0)I-00/0/0 band of CO2 at 2076/cm. A tunable diode laser spectrometer was used to record spectra of CO2 broadened by N2 and O2 at total pressures ranging from 100 to 720 torr. The observed absorption coefficients are up to 65 percent lower than those calculated using an isolated Lorentzian line approximation. A simple energy gap scaling law is used to determine the off-diagonal relaxation matrix elements from the known pressure-broadening coefficients. The spectra calculated using these matrix elements reproduces the observed absorption coefficients to within several percent.

Communication: Saturated CO2 absorption near 1.6 μm for kilohertz-accuracy transition frequencies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Burkart, Johannes; Sala, Tommaso; Romanini, Daniele; Marangoni, Marco; Campargue, Alain; Kassi, Samir

2015-05-01

Doppler-free saturated-absorption Lamb dips were measured on weak rovibrational lines of 12C16O2 between 6189 and 6215 cm-1 at sub-Pa pressures using optical feedback frequency stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy. By referencing the laser source to an optical frequency comb, transition frequencies for ten lines of the 30013←00001 band P-branch and two lines of the 31113←01101 hot band R-branch were determined with an accuracy of a few parts in 1011. Involving rotational quantum numbers up to 42, the data were used for improving the upper level spectroscopic constants. These results provide a highly accurate reference frequency grid over the spectral interval from 1599 to 1616 nm.

NON-LOCAL THERMODYNAMICAL EQUILIBRIUM EFFECTS ON THE IRON ABUNDANCE OF ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS IN 47 TUCANAE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapenna, E.; Mucciarelli, A.; Lanzoni, B.

2014-12-20

We present the iron abundance of 24 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars, members of the globular cluster 47 Tucanae, obtained with high-resolution spectra collected with the FEROS spectrograph at the MPG/ESO 2.2 m Telescope. We find that the iron abundances derived from neutral lines (with a mean value [Fe I/H] =–0.94 ± 0.01, σ = 0.08 dex) are systematically lower than those derived from single ionized lines ([Fe II/H] =–0.83 ± 0.01, σ = 0.05 dex). Only the latter are in agreement with those obtained for a sample of red giant branch (RGB) cluster stars, for which the Fe I andmore » Fe II lines provide the same iron abundance. This finding suggests that non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) effects driven by overionization mechanisms are present in the atmosphere of AGB stars and significantly affect the Fe I lines while leaving Fe II features unaltered. On the other hand, the very good ionization equilibrium found for RGB stars indicates that these NLTE effects may depend on the evolutionary stage. We discuss the impact of this finding on both the chemical analysis of AGB stars and on the search for evolved blue stragglers.« less

Dual power, constant speed electric motor system

DOEpatents

Kirschbaum, H.S.

1984-07-31

A dual capacity permanent split capacitor electric motor system is provided with a stator having main and auxiliary windings. The main stator winding includes two winding sections which are connected in parallel with each other and across a pair of line terminals while the auxiliary winding is connected in series with a capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals for operation at a first output power level. Switching means are provided to reconnect the main stator winding sections in series with each other and in series with a second capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals while the stator auxiliary winding is connected directly between the line terminals for operation at a second output power level. Automatic rotation reversal occurs when the motor switches from the first to the second output power level. 6 figs.

Dual power, constant speed electric motor system

DOEpatents

Kirschbaum, Herbert S.

1984-01-01

A dual capacity permanent split capacitor electric motor system is provided with a stator having main and auxiliary windings. The main stator winding includes two winding sections which are connected in parallel with each other and across a pair of line terminals while the auxiliary winding is connected in series with a capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals for operation at a first output power level. Switching means are provided to reconnect the main stator winding sections in series with each other and in series with a second capacitor to form a circuit branch which is connected between the line terminals while the stator auxiliary winding is connected directly between the line terminals for operation at a second output power level. Automatic rotation reversal occurs when the motor switches from the first to the second output power level.

Electric Field Induced Spectra of H sub 2 and D sub 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boyd, William Joseph

1974-01-01

The frequencies of four Q-branch lines of H2 and five Q-branch lines of D2 were measured as a function of density, and their shifts were observed to be in the linear region. The individual slopes and extrapolated zero density frequency of each line was determined. Hydrogen was measured for polarizability using the integrated intensity of the Q1(0) and S1(1), H2 absorption line. A highly automated technique for determining the response function of the spectrometer using digitally recorded data is presented. For the Q1(0) and Q1(1) lines of H2 the halfwidths were measured as a function of electric field intensity at constant pressure, and again at several densities and compared to previously measured widths. Technical and operational details of equipment built for this experiment, and for the five-meter Littrow spectrometer used, are described. Modifications of the spectrometer optics to accept the Stark cell are discussed.

12. Readville showing the intersection of the Franklin Branch crossing ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

12. Readville showing the intersection of the Franklin Branch crossing the Northeast Corridor (formerly the Boston & Providence RR) on the bridge; Readville Station to the right of bridge. Readville, Suffolk Co., MA. Sec. 4116, MP 219.41. - Northeast Railroad Corridor, Amtrak Route between RI/MA State Line & South Station, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

Drought stress modulates oxylipin signature by eliciting 12-OPDA as a potent regulator of stomatal aperture.

PubMed

Savchenko, Tatyana; Dehesh, Katayoon

2014-01-01

Through evolution, plants have developed a myriad of strategies to adapt to environmental perturbations. Using 3 Arabidopsis ecotypes in conjunction with various transgenic and mutant lines, we provide evidence that wounding and drought differentially alter the metabolic signatures derived from the 2 main competing oxylipin-pathway branches, namely the JA and its precursor 12-OPDA produced by Allene oxide synthase (AOS) branch, and aldehydes and corresponding alcohols generated by Hydroperoxide lyase (HPL) branch. Specifically, we show that wounding induces production of both HPL and AOS-derived metabolites whereas, drought stress only elicits production of hexenal but suppresses hexenol, and further uncouples the conversion of 12-OPDA to JA. This finding led to uncovering of 12-OPDA as a functional convergence point of oxylipin and ABA pathways to control stomatal aperture in plant adaptive responses to drought. In addition, using transgenic lines overexpressing plastidial and extraplastidial HPL enzyme establish the strong interdependence of AOS- and HPL-branch pathways, and the importance of this linkage in tailoring plant adaptive responses to the nature of perturbations.

A chicken influenza virus recognizes fucosylated α2,3 sialoglycan receptors on the epithelial cells lining upper respiratory tracts of chickens.

PubMed

Hiono, Takahiro; Okamatsu, Masatoshi; Nishihara, Shoko; Takase-Yoden, Sayaka; Sakoda, Yoshihiro; Kida, Hiroshi

2014-05-01

Influenza viruses recognize sialoglycans as receptors. Although viruses isolated form chickens preferentially bind to sialic acid α2,3 galactose (SAα2,3Gal) glycans as do those of ducks, chickens were not experimentally infected with viruses isolated from ducks. A chicken influenza virus, A/chicken/Ibaraki/1/2005 (H5N2) (Ck/IBR) bound to fucose-branched SAα2,3Gal glycans, whereas the binding towards linear SAα2,3Gal glycans was weak. On the epithelial cells of the upper respiratory tracts of chickens, fucose-branched SAα2,3Gal glycans were detected, but not linear SAα2,3Gal glycans. The growth of Ck/IBR in MDCK-FUT cells, which were genetically prepared to express fucose-branched SAα2,3Gal glycans, was significantly higher than that in the parental MDCK cells. The present results indicate that fucose-branched SAα2,3Gal glycans existing on the epithelial cells lining the upper respiratory tracts of chickens are critical for recognition by Ck/IBR. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overexpression of STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II increases short-chain branching of amylopectin and alters the physicochemical properties of starch from potato tuber.

PubMed

Brummell, David A; Watson, Lyn M; Zhou, Jun; McKenzie, Marian J; Hallett, Ian C; Simmons, Lyall; Carpenter, Margaret; Timmerman-Vaughan, Gail M

2015-04-29

Starch is biosynthesised by a complex of enzymes including various starch synthases and starch branching and debranching enzymes, amongst others. The role of all these enzymes has been investigated using gene silencing or genetic knockouts, but there are few examples of overexpression due to the problems of either cloning large genomic fragments or the toxicity of functional cDNAs to bacteria during cloning. The aim of this study was to investigate the function of potato STARCH BRANCHING ENZYME II (SBEII) using overexpression in potato tubers. A hybrid SBEII intragene consisting of potato cDNA containing a fragment of potato genomic DNA that included a single intron was used in order to prevent bacterial translation during cloning. A population of 20 transgenic potato plants exhibiting SBEII overexpression was generated. Compared with wild-type, starch from these tubers possessed an increased degree of amylopectin branching, with more short chains of degree of polymerisation (DP) 6-12 and particularly of DP6. Transgenic lines expressing a GRANULE-BOUND STARCH SYNTHASE (GBSS) RNAi construct were also generated for comparison and exhibited post-transcriptional gene silencing of GBSS and reduced amylose content in the starch. Both transgenic modifications did not affect granule morphology but reduced starch peak viscosity. In starch from SBEII-overexpressing lines, the increased ratio of short to long amylopectin branches facilitated gelatinisation, which occurred at a reduced temperature (by up to 3°C) or lower urea concentration. In contrast, silencing of GBSS increased the gelatinisation temperature by 4°C, and starch required a higher urea concentration for gelatinisation. In lines with a range of SBEII overexpression, the magnitude of the increase in SBEII activity, reduction in onset of gelatinisation temperature and increase in starch swollen pellet volume were highly correlated, consistent with reports that starch swelling is greatly dependent upon the amylopectin branching pattern. This work reports the first time that overexpression of SBEII has been achieved in a non-cereal plant. The data show that overexpression of SBEII using a simple single-intron hybrid intragene is an effective way to modify potato starch physicochemical properties, and indicate that an increased ratio of short to long amylopectin branches produces commercially beneficial changes in starch properties such as reduced gelatinisation temperature, reduced viscosity and increased swelling volume.

77 FR 12366 - JP Rail, Inc. d/b/a Southern Railroad Company of New Jersey-Operation Exemption-Rail Line in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-29

.../a Southern Railroad Company of New Jersey-- Operation Exemption--Rail Line in Salem County, N.J. JP... known as the Salem Branch Line (the Line), which is owned by Salem County, N.J. (Salem), as follows: (1....J., and approximately milepost 28.4 at Salem, and (2) the Glass House Spur, between mileposts 0.0...

[Ultrasound-assisted approach to blocking the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery].

PubMed

Diéguez García, P; Fajardo Pérez, M; López Álvarez, S; Alfaro de la Torre, P; Pensado Castiñeiras, A P

2013-01-01

Several nerve blocks have recently been used for pain treatment in breast surgery. The main objective of our study was to determine the efficacy and safety of ultrasound-assisted blocking of the anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of the intercostal nerves in the mid-axillary line for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. A prospective observational study was conducted on 30 patients scheduled for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. An intercostal branches block was performed in the mid-axillary line with 0,5% levobupivacaine (3ml in each intercostal space). Clinical efficacy was assessed by standard intraoperative hemodynamic response to surgical stimulus and the need for opioids, and in the postoperative period, by assessing pain intensity as a verbal numerical scale and the need for rescue treatment. We also evaluated the quality of sleep the first night after surgery, any adverse events that occurred, and the satisfaction of patients and surgeons with the anesthetic technique. The intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line was effective in most cases, with only 2 patients requiring intraoperative opioids, and in one case analgesic rescue was necessary in the postoperative period. The duration of postoperative analgesia was 19±4h. There were no notable adverse events or complications. The satisfaction with the chosen technique was assessed as "very good" in all patients, and by 97% of the surgeons. Intercostal branches block in the mid-axillary line provides adequate intraoperative and postoperative analgesia for non-reconstructive breast and axilla surgery. It is a simple, reproducible technique in most patients of this study, with an easy to understand ultrasound anatomy, in which adequate analgesia could be provided through a single puncture, and may be an alternative to neuroaxial blocks. Copyright © 2013 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

Study on the Pumped Materials along Rail Bed in Taiwan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuo, Chihping; Hsu, Chihhao; Wu, Chinwei; Wang, Hongyi

2016-04-01

The Neiwan Line is a railway branch line in Taiwan operated by the Taiwan Railways Administration. It is located in Hsinchu County. This line was completed on 11 September 1951. Although this line is a branch line, its standards are comparable to those of a main line except that it is not electrified. The materials for constructing railway subgrade were general in-situ topsoil which deposited in Pliocene. This line suffers the subgrade mud pumping frequently. Railway subgrade mud pumping is one of the most common defects on railway constructions. Most cases of the pumping phenomenon are caused in mud, say silt or ML in USCS. However, field observation and loggings show that not only silt but also other kinds of soil, such as sand or clay, pump as well in this study. Thirty pumping samples were collected in a sectional zone which length is about 12kM. In the 30 samples, 12 ones are Sand, 10 ones are Silt, 6 ones are Clay, and 2 ones are Gravel. Under very similar conditions, such as natural geological material, train operations, the reasons why different soil caused pumping is well discussed in this paper.

Identification of 185Pt α activity and study of 185Au α decay

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bingham, C. R.; Kassim, M. B.; Zhang, M.; Akovali, Y. A.; Toth, K. S.; Hamilton, W. D.; Carter, H. K.; Kormicki, J.; von Schwarzenberg, J.; Jarrio, M. M.

1991-09-01

The α decay of 185Pt has been observed for the first time and α-decay branching ratios have been determined for 185Au and 185Pt by use of an on-line isotope separator. A single α-decay line at 4444+/-10 keV has been shown to result from the decay of 185Pt. The current data are insufficient to determine which of the long-lived states of 185Pt decays via α emission. The α branching deduced from the α, γ, and x-ray data taken simultaneously is [(1.0+/-0.4)×10-3]% if the α comes from the 33.0-min isomer, or [(5.0+/-2.0)×10-3]% if the α comes from the 70.9-min ground state of 185Pt. In either case the transition is an unhindered one. Two lines at 5069+/-10 and 4826+/-10 keV, with relative intensities of 100 and 0.16, are attributed to the α decay of 185Au and the deduced α branching is (0.7+/-0.1)%. The hindrance factors are 0.4 for the 5069-keV, and 8.8 for the 4826-keV transitions.

66.7-keV γ -line intensity of 171Tm determined via neutron activation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Weigand, M.; Heftrich, T.; Düllmann, Ch. E.; Eberhardt, K.; Fiebiger, S.; Glorius, J.; Göbel, K.; Haas, R.; Langer, C.; Lohse, S.; Reifarth, R.; Renisch, D.; Wolf, C.

2018-03-01

Background: About 50% of the heavy elements are produced in stars during the slow neutron capture process. The analysis of branching points allows to set constraints on the temperature and the neutron density in the interior of stars. The temperature dependence of the branch point 171Tm is weak. Hence, the 171Tm neutron capture cross section can be used to constrain the neutron density during the main component of the s process in thermally pulsing asymptotic giant branch stars. Purpose: In order to perform neutron capture experiments on 171Tm, sample material has to be produced and characterized. The characterization is done by γ spectroscopy, relying on the intensities of the involved γ lines. Only the 66.7-keV γ line can be observed whose intensity was uncertain so far. Method: An enriched 170Er sample was activated with thermal neutrons at the TRIGA (Training, Research, Isotopes, General Atomics) research reactor at the Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz. The activation resulted in an easily quantifiable number of 171Er nuclei that subsequently decayed to 171Tm. Result: The intensity of the 66.7-keV γ line of the 171Tm decay was measured to Iγ=(0.144 ±0.010 )% . Conclusions: Our result is in good agreement with the value found in the literature.

Spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of molecular hydrogen dissolved in water at pressures up to 200 MPa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Borysow, Jacek, E-mail: jborysow@mtu.edu; Rosso, Leonardo del; Celli, Milva

2014-04-28

We have measured the Raman Q-branch of hydrogen in a solution with water at a temperature of about 280 K and at pressures from 20 to 200 MPa. From a least-mean-square fitting analysis of the broad Raman Q-branch, we isolated the contributions from the four lowest individual roto-vibrational lines. The vibrational lines were narrower than the pure rotational Raman lines of hydrogen dissolved in water measured previously, but significantly larger than in the gas. The separations between these lines were found to be significantly smaller than in gaseous hydrogen and their widths were slightly increasing with pressure. The lines weremore » narrowing with increasing rotational quantum number. The Raman frequencies of all roto-vibrational lines were approaching the values of gas phase hydrogen with increasing pressure. Additionally, from the comparison of the integrated intensity signal of Q-branch of hydrogen to the integrated Raman signal of the water bending mode, we have obtained the concentration of hydrogen in a solution with water along the 280 K isotherm. Hydrogen solubility increases slowly with pressure, and no deviation from a smooth behaviour was observed, even reaching thermodynamic conditions very close to the transition to the stable hydrogen hydrate. The analysis of the relative hydrogen concentration in solution on the basis of a simple thermodynamic model has allowed us to obtain the molar volume for the hydrogen gas/water solution. Interestingly, the volume relative to one hydrogen molecule in solution does not decrease with pressure and, at high pressure, is larger than the volume pertinent to one molecule of water. This is in favour of the theory of hydrophobic solvation, for which a larger and more stable structure of the water molecules is expected around a solute molecule.« less

Spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of molecular hydrogen dissolved in water at pressures up to 200 MPa.

PubMed

Borysow, Jacek; del Rosso, Leonardo; Celli, Milva; Moraldi, Massimo; Ulivi, Lorenzo

2014-04-28

We have measured the Raman Q-branch of hydrogen in a solution with water at a temperature of about 280 K and at pressures from 20 to 200 MPa. From a least-mean-square fitting analysis of the broad Raman Q-branch, we isolated the contributions from the four lowest individual roto-vibrational lines. The vibrational lines were narrower than the pure rotational Raman lines of hydrogen dissolved in water measured previously, but significantly larger than in the gas. The separations between these lines were found to be significantly smaller than in gaseous hydrogen and their widths were slightly increasing with pressure. The lines were narrowing with increasing rotational quantum number. The Raman frequencies of all roto-vibrational lines were approaching the values of gas phase hydrogen with increasing pressure. Additionally, from the comparison of the integrated intensity signal of Q-branch of hydrogen to the integrated Raman signal of the water bending mode, we have obtained the concentration of hydrogen in a solution with water along the 280 K isotherm. Hydrogen solubility increases slowly with pressure, and no deviation from a smooth behaviour was observed, even reaching thermodynamic conditions very close to the transition to the stable hydrogen hydrate. The analysis of the relative hydrogen concentration in solution on the basis of a simple thermodynamic model has allowed us to obtain the molar volume for the hydrogen gas/water solution. Interestingly, the volume relative to one hydrogen molecule in solution does not decrease with pressure and, at high pressure, is larger than the volume pertinent to one molecule of water. This is in favour of the theory of hydrophobic solvation, for which a larger and more stable structure of the water molecules is expected around a solute molecule.

Spectroscopic and thermodynamic properties of molecular hydrogen dissolved in water at pressures up to 200 MPa

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Borysow, Jacek; del Rosso, Leonardo; Celli, Milva; Moraldi, Massimo; Ulivi, Lorenzo

2014-04-01

We have measured the Raman Q-branch of hydrogen in a solution with water at a temperature of about 280 K and at pressures from 20 to 200 MPa. From a least-mean-square fitting analysis of the broad Raman Q-branch, we isolated the contributions from the four lowest individual roto-vibrational lines. The vibrational lines were narrower than the pure rotational Raman lines of hydrogen dissolved in water measured previously, but significantly larger than in the gas. The separations between these lines were found to be significantly smaller than in gaseous hydrogen and their widths were slightly increasing with pressure. The lines were narrowing with increasing rotational quantum number. The Raman frequencies of all roto-vibrational lines were approaching the values of gas phase hydrogen with increasing pressure. Additionally, from the comparison of the integrated intensity signal of Q-branch of hydrogen to the integrated Raman signal of the water bending mode, we have obtained the concentration of hydrogen in a solution with water along the 280 K isotherm. Hydrogen solubility increases slowly with pressure, and no deviation from a smooth behaviour was observed, even reaching thermodynamic conditions very close to the transition to the stable hydrogen hydrate. The analysis of the relative hydrogen concentration in solution on the basis of a simple thermodynamic model has allowed us to obtain the molar volume for the hydrogen gas/water solution. Interestingly, the volume relative to one hydrogen molecule in solution does not decrease with pressure and, at high pressure, is larger than the volume pertinent to one molecule of water. This is in favour of the theory of hydrophobic solvation, for which a larger and more stable structure of the water molecules is expected around a solute molecule.

Saturated CO{sub 2} absorption near 1.6 μm for kilohertz-accuracy transition frequencies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burkart, Johannes, E-mail: johannes.burkart@ujf-grenoble.fr; Romanini, Daniele; Campargue, Alain

2015-05-21

Doppler-free saturated-absorption Lamb dips were measured on weak rovibrational lines of {sup 12}C{sup 16}O{sub 2} between 6189 and 6215 cm{sup −1} at sub-Pa pressures using optical feedback frequency stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy. By referencing the laser source to an optical frequency comb, transition frequencies for ten lines of the 30013←00001 band P-branch and two lines of the 31113←01101 hot band R-branch were determined with an accuracy of a few parts in 10{sup 11}. Involving rotational quantum numbers up to 42, the data were used for improving the upper level spectroscopic constants. These results provide a highly accurate reference frequency gridmore » over the spectral interval from 1599 to 1616 nm.« less

The FTS atomic spectrum tool (FAST) for rapid analysis of line spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ruffoni, M. P.

2013-07-01

The FTS Atomic Spectrum Tool (FAST) is an interactive graphical program designed to simplify the analysis of atomic emission line spectra obtained from Fourier transform spectrometers. Calculated, predicted and/or known experimental line parameters are loaded alongside experimentally observed spectral line profiles for easy comparison between new experimental data and existing results. Many such line profiles, which could span numerous spectra, may be viewed simultaneously to help the user detect problems from line blending or self-absorption. Once the user has determined that their experimental line profile fits are good, a key feature of FAST is the ability to calculate atomic branching fractions, transition probabilities, and oscillator strengths-and their uncertainties-which is not provided by existing analysis packages. Program SummaryProgram title: FAST: The FTS Atomic Spectrum Tool Catalogue identifier: AEOW_v1_0 Program summary URL: http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEOW_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 293058 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 13809509 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++. Computer: Intel x86-based systems. Operating system: Linux/Unix/Windows. RAM: 8 MB minimum. About 50-200 MB for a typical analysis. Classification: 2.2, 2.3, 21.2. Nature of problem: Visualisation of atomic line spectra including the comparison of theoretical line parameters with experimental atomic line profiles. Accurate intensity calibration of experimental spectra, and the determination of observed relative line intensities that are needed for calculating atomic branching fractions and oscillator strengths. Solution method: FAST is centred around a graphical interface, where a user may view sets of experimental line profiles and compare them to calculated data (such as from the Kurucz database [1]), predicted line parameters, and/or previously known experimental results. With additional information on the spectral response of the spectrometer, obtained from a calibrated standard light source, FT spectra may be intensity calibrated. In turn, this permits the user to calculate atomic branching fractions and oscillator strengths, and their respective uncertainties. Running time: Open ended. Defined by the user. References: [1] R.L. Kurucz (2007). URL http://kurucz.harvard.edu/atoms/.

11. Readville showing intersection of the former New York & ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

11. Readville showing intersection of the former New York & New England Railroad and the NEC (formerly Boston & Providence RR) with the Franklin Branch and the Dedham Branch coming under the Sprague Street Bridge to the right. Readville, Suffolk Co., HA. Sec. 4116, MP 219.41. - Northeast Railroad Corridor, Amtrak Route between RI/MA State Line & South Station, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

Non-Rated Air Force Line Officer Attrition Rates Using Survival Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-26

69 viii List of Figures Figure Page 1 Odds Ratio of Retention for Gender ...branches with the highest probability may require incentives to increase attrition. The branches could be defined by gender , career field, religion...per occupational field with gender , race, [and] citizenship” [14] and concluded that each subgroup of Marines behaved differently over time and should

UOK 268 Cell Line for Hereditary Leiomyomatosis and Renal Cell Carcinoma | NCI Technology Transfer Center | TTC

Cancer.gov

The National Cancer Institute’s Urologic Oncology Branch seeks parties to co-develop the UOK 262 immortalized cell line as research tool to study aggressive hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma (HLRCC)-associated recurring kidney cancer.

BHD Tumor Cell Line and Renal Cell Carcinoma Line | NCI Technology Transfer Center | TTC

Cancer.gov

Scientists at the National Cancer Institute  have developed a novel renal cell carcinoma (RCC) cell line designated UOK257, which was derived from the surgical kidney tissue of a patient with hereditary Birt-Hogg-Dube''''(BHD) syndrome and companion cell line UOK257-2 in which FLCN expression has been restored by lentivirus infection. The NCI Urologic Oncology Branch seeks parties interested in licensing or collaborative research to co-develop, evaluate, or commercialize kidney cancer tumor cell lines.

Reconnections of Wave Vortex Lines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, M. V.; Dennis, M. R.

2012-01-01

When wave vortices, that is nodal lines of a complex scalar wavefunction in space, approach transversely, their typical crossing and reconnection is a two-stage process incorporating two well-understood elementary events in which locally coplanar hyperbolas switch branches. The explicit description of this reconnection is a pedagogically useful…

An Algorithm for Finding Candidate Synaptic Sites in Computer Generated Networks of Neurons with Realistic Morphologies

PubMed Central

van Pelt, Jaap; Carnell, Andrew; de Ridder, Sander; Mansvelder, Huibert D.; van Ooyen, Arjen

2010-01-01

Neurons make synaptic connections at locations where axons and dendrites are sufficiently close in space. Typically the required proximity is based on the dimensions of dendritic spines and axonal boutons. Based on this principle one can search those locations in networks formed by reconstructed neurons or computer generated neurons. Candidate synapses are then located where axons and dendrites are within a given criterion distance from each other. Both experimentally reconstructed and model generated neurons are usually represented morphologically by piecewise-linear structures (line pieces or cylinders). Proximity tests are then performed on all pairs of line pieces from both axonal and dendritic branches. Applying just a test on the distance between line pieces may result in local clusters of synaptic sites when more than one pair of nearby line pieces from axonal and dendritic branches is sufficient close, and may introduce a dependency on the length scale of the individual line pieces. The present paper describes a new algorithm for defining locations of candidate synapses which is based on the crossing requirement of a line piece pair, while the length of the orthogonal distance between the line pieces is subjected to the distance criterion for testing 3D proximity. PMID:21160548

Ionic rotational branching ratios in resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization of NO via the A2Sigma(+)(3s sigma) and D2Sigma(+)(3p sigma) states

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rudolph, H.; Mckoy, V.; Dixit, S. N.; Huo, W. M.

1988-01-01

Results are presented for the rotationally resolved photoelectron spectra resulting from a (2 + 1) one-color resonant enhanced multiphoton ionization (REMPI) of NO via the rotationally clean S21(11.5) and mixed S11(15.5) + R21(15.5) branches of the 0-0 transition in the D-X band. The calculations were done in the fixed-nuclei frozen core approximation. The resulting photoionization spectra, convoluted with a Lorentzian detection function, agree qualitatively with experimental results of Viswanathan et al. (1986) and support their conclusion that the nonspherical nature of the molecular potential creates a substantial l-mixing in the continuum, which in turn leads to the intense Delta N = 0 peak. The rather strong photoelectron energy dependence of the rotational branching ratios of the D 2Sigma(+) S21(11.5) line was investigated and compared to the weak energy dependence of the A 2Sigma(+) R22(21.5) line.

76 FR 56874 - CSX Transportation, Inc.-Trackage Rights Exemption-Norfolk Southern Railway Company, Pennsylvania...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-14

... lines: (1) A portion of the Bethlehem Branch between milepost QAJ 7.0 at Tabor and milepost QAJ 24.4 at... Ninth Street Branch between milepost QAJ 6.7 at Newtown Jct. and milepost QAJ 7.0 at Tabor (formerly... 1180.2(d)(7). If the notice contains false or misleading information, the exemption is void ab initio...

Ka-Band Waveguide Hybrid Combiner for MMIC Amplifiers with Unequal and Arbitrary Power Output Ratio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simons, Rainee N.; Chevalier, Christine T.; Wintucky, Edwin G.; Freeman, Jon C.

2009-01-01

The design, simulation and characterization of a novel Ka-band (32.05 +/- 0.25 GHz) rectangular waveguide branchline hybrid unequal power combiner is presented. The manufactured combiner was designed to combine input signals, which are nearly in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two. The measured return loss and isolation of the branch-line hybrid are better than 22 and 27 dB, respectively. The application of the branch-line hybrid for combining two monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers with output power ratio of two is demonstrated. The measured combining efficiency is 92.9% at the center frequency of 32.05 GHz.

Cytotoxic garcimultiflorones K-Q, lavandulyl benzophenones from Garcinia multiflora branches.

PubMed

Wang, Zhao-Quan; Li, Xing-Yu; Hu, Dong-Bao; Long, Chun-Lin

2018-08-01

Seven undescribed lavandulyl benzophenones garcimultiflorones K-Q, and fourteen known compounds were isolated from the CHCl 3 soluble fraction of 95% EtOH extract of Garcinia multiflora branches. Their structures and absolute configurations were determined by spectroscopic techniques including NMR spectroscopy, MS analysis, and ECD calculations. Seven isolated compounds expect for garcimultiflorone L and garcimultiflorone O exhibited cytotoxic activities in vitro against five cancer cell lines (HL-60, A549, SMMC-7721, MCF-7, and SW480). It is worth mentioning that garcimultiflorone Q exhibited most significant cytotoxicities against five cancer cell lines with IC 50 values ranging from 3.07-12.56 μM. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The Informal Reading-"Thinking" Inventory: Twenty-First-Century Assessment Formats for Discovering Reading and Writing Needs--and Strengths

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Manzo, Ula; Manzo, Anthony V.

2013-01-01

In this article, we discuss the Informal Reading-"Thinking" Inventory (IR-TI), an informal reading inventory built on an easily recognized legacy model that also branches out into new realms. The IR-TI provides tools for assessing reading the lines, reading between the lines, and reading beyond the lines. This is a 21st-century…

30 CFR 250.1613 - Diverter systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

...) downstream of the spool outlet flange, and the radius of curvature of turns shall be as large as practicable... following shall apply: (1) If the diverter system utilizes only one spool outlet, branch lines shall be installed to provide downwind diversion capability, and (2) No spool outlet or diverter line internal...

Anatomical risk evaluation of iatrogenic injury to the infrapatellar branch of the saphenous nerve during medial meniscus arthroscopic surgery.

PubMed

Koch, Guillaume; Kling, Agathe; Ramamurthy, Nitin; Edalat, Faramarz; Cazzato, Roberto Luigi; Kahn, Jean-Luc; Garnon, Julien; Clavert, Philippe

2017-06-01

To determine the relationship of the medial meniscus with the infrapatellar branches of the saphenous nerve, the primary goal is to define and characterize different risk areas for these nerves during medial meniscus surgery. After dissecting 20 embalmed cadaver knees, we defined 7 readily identifiable anatomical landmarks. For each knee, we recorded 2 morphological criteria and 16 measurements. The most common anatomical course is a main trunk that is 8 mm anterior to the tuberculum adductorium and 60 mm posterior to the midpoint of the medial patellar margin. It has two main infrapatellar branches. The nerve division is 23 mm above the joint line. The path is oblique with an angle of 55.5°. The anterior meniscal landmark is 24 mm from the upper branch and 42.5 mm from the lower branch. The posterior meniscal landmark is 55 mm from the upper branch and 38 mm from the lower branch. We defined a common anatomical course for the saphenous nerve and its infrapatellar branches. Then, three different areas were defined at risk for iatrogenic nerve injuries during medial meniscus.

Association mapping in sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) reveals independent control of apical vs. basal branching.

PubMed

Nambeesan, Savithri U; Mandel, Jennifer R; Bowers, John E; Marek, Laura F; Ebert, Daniel; Corbi, Jonathan; Rieseberg, Loren H; Knapp, Steven J; Burke, John M

2015-03-11

Shoot branching is an important determinant of plant architecture and influences various aspects of growth and development. Selection on branching has also played an important role in the domestication of crop plants, including sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.). Here, we describe an investigation of the genetic basis of variation in branching in sunflower via association mapping in a diverse collection of cultivated sunflower lines. Detailed phenotypic analyses revealed extensive variation in the extent and type of branching within the focal population. After correcting for population structure and kinship, association analyses were performed using a genome-wide collection of SNPs to identify genomic regions that influence a variety of branching-related traits. This work resulted in the identification of multiple previously unidentified genomic regions that contribute to variation in branching. Genomic regions that were associated with apical and mid-apical branching were generally distinct from those associated with basal and mid-basal branching. Homologs of known branching genes from other study systems (i.e., Arabidopsis, rice, pea, and petunia) were also identified from the draft assembly of the sunflower genome and their map positions were compared to those of associations identified herein. Numerous candidate branching genes were found to map in close proximity to significant branching associations. In sunflower, variation in branching is genetically complex and overall branching patterns (i.e., apical vs. basal) were found to be influenced by distinct genomic regions. Moreover, numerous candidate branching genes mapped in close proximity to significant branching associations. Although the sunflower genome exhibits localized islands of elevated linkage disequilibrium (LD), these non-random associations are known to decay rapidly elsewhere. The subset of candidate genes that co-localized with significant associations in regions of low LD represents the most promising target for future functional analyses.

Fast Winds and Mass Loss from Metal-Poor Field Giants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dupree, A. K.; Smith, Graeme H.; Strader, Jay

2009-11-01

Echelle spectra of the infrared He I λ10830 line were obtained with NIRSPEC on the Keck 2 telescope for 41 metal-deficient field giant stars including those on the red giant branch (RGB), asymptotic giant branch (AGB), and red horizontal branch (RHB). The presence of this He I line is ubiquitous in stars with T effgsim 4500 K and MV fainter than -1.5, and reveals the dynamics of the atmosphere. The line strength increases with effective temperature for T effgsim 5300 K in RHB stars. In AGB and RGB stars, the line strength increases with luminosity. Fast outflows (gsim 60 km s-1) are detected from the majority of the stars and about 40% of the outflows have sufficient speed as to allow escape of material from the star as well as from a globular cluster. Outflow speeds and line strengths do not depend on metallicity for our sample ([Fe/H]= -0.7 to -3.0), suggesting the driving mechanism for these winds derives from magnetic and/or hydrodynamic processes. Gas outflows are present in every luminous giant, but are not detected in all stars of lower luminosity indicating possible variability. Mass loss rates ranging from ~3 × 10-10 to ~6 × 10-8 M sun yr-1 estimated from the Sobolev approximation for line formation represent values with evolutionary significance for red giants and RHB stars. We estimate that 0.2 M sun will be lost on the RGB, and the torque of this wind can account for observations of slowly rotating RHB stars in the field. About 0.1-0.2 M sun will be lost on the RHB itself. This first empirical determination of mass loss on the RHB may contribute to the appearance of extended horizontal branches in globular clusters. The spectra appear to resolve the problem of missing intracluster material in globular clusters. Opportunities exist for "wind smothering" of dwarf stars by winds from the evolved population, possibly leading to surface pollution in regions of high stellar density. Data presented herein were obtained at the W. M. Keck Observatory, which is operated as a scientific partnership among the California Institute of Technology, the University of California, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. The Observatory was made possible by the generous financial support of the W. M. Keck Foundation.

Anatomical consideration of the occipital cutaneous nerves and artery for the safe treatment of occipital neuralgia.

PubMed

Shin, Kang-Jae; Kim, Hong-San; O, Jehoon; Kwon, Hyun-Jin; Yang, Hun-Mu

2018-05-12

There is no standardized approach to the greater occipital nerve (GON) block technique for treating occipital neuralgia. The aim of the present study was to validate the previously-suggested guidelines for conventional injection techniques and to provide navigational guidelines for safe GON block. The GON, lesser occipital nerve (LON) and occipital artery (OA) were carefully dissected in the occipital region of embalmed cadavers. Using a 3D digitizer, the GON, LON, and OA were observed on the two reference lines. The distances between the landmarks were recorded and statistically analyzed. On the superior nuchal line, the mean distances between the external occipital protuberance (EOP) and the most medial branch of the GON was 33.5 mm. The mean distance between the EOP and the most medial branch of the OA was 37.4 mm. On the EOP-mastoid process (MP) line, the GON was on the medial third and the LON the lateral third of the EOP-MP line. The safe injection points on the EOP-MP line are about 3 cm from the EOP, 1 cm inferior parallel to the EOP-MP line, and about 3 cm away from the MP. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

27 CFR 9.189 - High Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...; then (4) Proceed easterly 2.7 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation line to its first... mile along the north branch of the Salt Canyon Creek to its intersection with the 1,600-foot elevation...) Proceed westerly 15.2 miles along the meandering 1,600-foot elevation line, crossing the Clearlake Oaks...

27 CFR 9.189 - High Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...; then (4) Proceed easterly 2.7 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation line to its first... mile along the north branch of the Salt Canyon Creek to its intersection with the 1,600-foot elevation...) Proceed westerly 15.2 miles along the meandering 1,600-foot elevation line, crossing the Clearlake Oaks...

27 CFR 9.189 - High Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...; then (4) Proceed easterly 2.7 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation line to its first... mile along the north branch of the Salt Canyon Creek to its intersection with the 1,600-foot elevation...) Proceed westerly 15.2 miles along the meandering 1,600-foot elevation line, crossing the Clearlake Oaks...

27 CFR 9.189 - High Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...; then (4) Proceed easterly 2.7 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation line to its first... mile along the north branch of the Salt Canyon Creek to its intersection with the 1,600-foot elevation...) Proceed westerly 15.2 miles along the meandering 1,600-foot elevation line, crossing the Clearlake Oaks...

27 CFR 9.189 - High Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

...; then (4) Proceed easterly 2.7 miles along the meandering 2,000-foot elevation line to its first... mile along the north branch of the Salt Canyon Creek to its intersection with the 1,600-foot elevation...) Proceed westerly 15.2 miles along the meandering 1,600-foot elevation line, crossing the Clearlake Oaks...

38. SAND FILTER AT LEFT AND CHLORINATOR AT RIGHT, DOWN ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

38. SAND FILTER AT LEFT AND CHLORINATOR AT RIGHT, DOWN LINE FROM THE RESERVOIR, IMPROVED WATER QUALITY BOTH LOCATED AT 275' ALTITUDE. FROM THIS POINT THE LINES BRANCH INTO KALAUPAP SETTLEMENT TO SUPPLY RESIDENCES AND OTHER BUILDINGS. - Kalaupapa Water Supply System, Waikolu Valley to Kalaupapa Settlement, Island of Molokai, Kalaupapa, Kalawao County, HI

78 FR 45863 - Drawbridge Operation Regulation; Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AICW), Elizabeth River, Southern...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-07-30

... operation of the Belt Line Railroad Bridge, across the Elizabeth River Southern Branch, AICW, mile 2.6, at Chesapeake and Portsmouth, VA. This deviation is necessary to facilitate mechanical and electrical upgrades on the Belt Line Railroad drawbridge. This temporary deviation allows the drawbridge to remain in the...

Cracking Codes & Launching Rockets

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Paoletti, Teo J.

2013-01-01

To engage students, many teachers wish to connect the mathematics they are teaching to other branches of mathematics or to real-world applications. The lesson presented in this article, which uses the algebraic skill of finding the equation of a line between two points and the geometric axiom that any two points define a line, does both. A…

Experimental radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and oscillator strengths of some levels in Co I

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xinghao; Yu, Qi; Li, Qiu; Gao, Yang; Dai, Zhenwen

2018-04-01

The radiative lifetime measurements by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique are reported for 24 levels of Co I with the energy range of 283 45.86-55 922.3 cm-1, amongst which the lifetimes of 20 levels are reported for the first time. The branching fraction measurements by the emission spectrum of a hollow cathode lamp were performed for 11 levels of them together with other two levels reported in the literature, and branching fractions of 39 transitions were obtained. By combining them with lifetime values, the transition probabilities and absolute oscillator strengths of these lines were determined.

Comparative morphology of stingray lateral line canal and electrosensory systems.

PubMed

Jordan, Laura K

2008-11-01

Elasmobranchs (sharks, skates, and rays) possess a variety of sensory systems including the mechanosensory lateral line and electrosensory systems, which are particularly complex with high levels of interspecific variation in batoids (skates and rays). Rays have dorsoventrally compressed, laterally expanded bodies that prevent them from seeing their mouths and more often than not, their prey. This study uses quantitative image analysis techniques to identify, quantify, and compare structural differences that may have functional consequences in the detection capabilities of three Eastern Pacific stingray species. The benthic round stingray, Urobatis halleri, pelagic stingray, Pteroplatytrygon (Dasyatis) violacea, and benthopelagic bat ray, Myliobatis californica, show significant differences in sensory morphology. Ventral lateral line canals correlate with feeding ecology and differ primarily in the proportion of pored and nonpored canals and the degree of branching complexity. Urobatis halleri shows a high proportion of nonpored canals, while P. violacea has an intermediate proportion of pored and nonpored canals with almost no secondary branching of pored canals. In contrast, M. californica has extensive and highly branched pored ventral lateral line canals that extended laterally toward the wing tips on the anterior edge of the pectoral fins. Electrosensory morphology correlates with feeding habitat and prey mobility; benthic feeders U. halleri and M. californica, have greater electrosensory pore numbers and densities than P. violacea. The percentage of the wing surface covered by these sensory systems appears to be inversely related to swimming style. These methods can be applied to a broader range of species to enable further discussion of the relationship of phylogeny, ecology, and morphology, while the results provide testable predictions of detection capabilities.

"Dangerous" anatomic varieties of recurrent motor branch of median nerve.

PubMed

Elsaftawy, Ahmed; Gworys, Bohdan; Jabłecki, Jerzy; Szajerka, Tobiasz

2013-08-01

Carpal tunnel release became one of the most common operations in the field of hand surgery. Many controversies has been made about frequency of the so-called dangerous variations of motor branch of the median nerve. Knowledge of all the anatomical variations motor branches is the duty of every surgeon dealing with the subject. The aim of the study was to present the incidence of dangerous variants of median nerve motor branch in the carpal tunnel based on both clinical experience and anatomical studies performed on 20 cadaver wrists. Between 2006-2012 during minimally open carpal tunnel release we made photographic documentation of all visible dangerous varieties of recurrent motor branches of the median nerve. We also studied 20 cadaver wrists in the Department of Anatomy Medical University in Wrocław. Dangerous varieties of the motor branch of median nerve was found in three clinical cases and in one cadaver wrist. Also In one wrist we found one regular branche, which, however, has atypical two separate branches supplying the thenar muscles. Dangerous varieties of the motor branch of median nerve occur very rare in the population, but does not release from the fact that in each case special attention must be given.We also conclude that, at the minimally open carpal tunnel release procedure, the transverse carpal ligament should be released rather from the line of radial border of the 4th finger to minimize the risk of injury to the recurrent motor branch of median nerve.

Service employees give as they get: internal service as a moderator of the service climate-service outcomes link.

PubMed

Ehrhart, Karen Holcombe; Witt, L A; Schneider, Benjamin; Perry, Sara Jansen

2011-03-01

We lend theoretical insight to the service climate literature by exploring the joint effects of branch service climate and the internal service provided to the branch (the service received from corporate units to support external service delivery) on customer-rated service quality. We hypothesized that service climate is related to service quality most strongly when the internal service quality received is high, providing front-line employees with the capability to deliver what the service climate motivates them to do. We studied 619 employees and 1,973 customers in 36 retail branches of a bank. We aggregated employee perceptions of the internal service quality received from corporate units and the local service climate and external customer perceptions of service quality to the branch level of analysis. Findings were consistent with the hypothesis that high-quality internal service is necessary for branch service climate to yield superior external customer service quality. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2011 APA, all rights reserved.

On-line evaluation of multiloop digital controller performance

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wieseman, Carol D.

1993-01-01

The purpose of this presentation is to inform the Guidance and Control community of capabilities which were developed by the Aeroservoelasticity Branch to evaluate the performance of multivariable control laws, on-line, during wind-tunnel testing. The capabilities are generic enough to be useful for all kinds of on-line analyses involving multivariable control in experimental testing. Consequently, it was decided to present this material at this workshop even though it has been presented elsewhere. Topics covered include: essential on-line analysis requirements; on-line analysis capabilities; on-line analysis software; frequency domain procedures; controller performance evaluation frequency-domain flutter suppression; and plant determination.

Role of Superoxide Dismutase in the Photochemical Response of Cultured RPE Cells to Laser Exposure at 413 nm

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

TX 78228 Optical Radiation Branch 2624 Louis Bauer Dr. Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5128 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER AFRL 711...Effectiveness Directorate Directed Energy Bioeffects Division Optical Radiation Branch 2624 Louis Bauer Dr. Brooks City-Base, TX 78235-5128 711 HPW...K, Coherent) was used for its 413-nm line. Verification of laser wavelength was performed with a spectrometer (Ocean Optics ). Figure 1 provides a

RR LYRAE ATMOSPHERICS: WRINKLES OLD AND NEW. A PREVIEW

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Preston, George W., E-mail: gwp@obs.carnegiescience.ed

I report some results of an echelle spectroscopic survey of RR Lyrae stars begun in 2006 that I presented in my Henry Norris Lecture of 2010 January 4. Topics include (1) atmospheric velocity gradients, (2) phase-dependent envelope turbulence as it relates to Peterson's discoveries of axial rotation on the horizontal branch and to Stothers' explanation of the Blazhko effect, (3) the three apparitions of hydrogen emission during a pulsation cycle, (4) the occurrence of He I lines in emission and absorption, (5) detection of He II emission and metallic line doubling in Blazhko stars, and finally (6) speculation about whatmore » helium observations of RR Lyrae stars in omega Centauri might tell us about the putative helium populations and the horizontal branch of that strange globular cluster.« less

Were the original eubacteria thermophiles?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Achenbach-Richter, L.; Gupta, R.; Stetter, K. O.; Woese, C. R.; Johnson, P. C. (Principal Investigator)

1987-01-01

Thermotoga maritima is one of the more unusual eubacteria: It is highly thermophilic, growing at temperatures higher than any other eubacterium; its cell wall appears to have a unique structure and its lipids a unique composition; and the organism is surrounded by a loose-fitting sheath of unknown function. Its phenotypic uniqueness is matched by its phylogenetic position; Thermotoga maritima represents the deepest known branching in the eubacterial line of descent, as measured by ribosomal RNA sequence comparisons. T. maritima also represents the most slowly evolving of eubacterial lineages. The fact that the two deepest branchings in the eubacterial line of descent (the other, the green non-sulfur bacteria and relatives, i.e. Chloroflexus, Thermomicrobium, etc.) are both basically thermophilic and slowly evolving, strongly suggests that all eubacteria have ultimately arisen from a thermophilic ancestor.

Posterior Branches of Lumbar Spinal Nerves - Part I: Anatomy and Functional Importance.

PubMed

Kozera, Katarzyna; Ciszek, Bogdan

2016-01-01

The aim of this paper is to compare anatomic descriptions of posterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves and, on this basis, present the location of these structures. The majority of anatomy textbooks do not describe these nerves in detail, which may be attributable to the fact that for many years they were regarded as structures of minor clinical importance. The state of knowledge on these nerves has changed within the last 30 years. Attention has been turned to their function and importance for both diagnostic practice and therapy of lower back pain. Summarising the available literature, we may conclude that the medial and lateral branches separate at the junction of the facet joint and the distal upper edge of the transverse process; that the size, course and area supplied differ between the lateral and the medial branch; and that facet joints receive multisegmental innervation. It has been demonstrated that medial branches are smaller than the respective lateral branches and they have a more constant course. Medial branches supply the area from the midline to the facet joint line, while lateral branches innervate tissues lateral to the facet joint. The literature indicates difficulties with determining specific anatomic landmarks relative to which the lateral branch and the distal medial branch can be precisely located. Irritation of sensory fibres within posterior branches of the lumbar spinal nerves may be caused by pathology of facet joints, deformity of the spine or abnormalities due to overloading or injury. The anatomic location and course of posterior branches of spinal nerves should be borne in mind to prevent damaging them during low-invasive analgesic procedures.

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akazawa, Housei

2016-06-01

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery.

PubMed

Akazawa, Housei

2016-06-01

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akazawa, Housei, E-mail: akazawa.housei@lab.ntt.co.jp

2016-06-15

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

Diode-Laser Absorption Sensor for Line-of-Sight Gas Temperature Distributions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sanders, Scott T.; Wang, Jian; Jeffries, Jay B.; Hanson, Ronald K.

2001-08-01

Line-of-sight diode-laser absorption techniques have been extended to enable temperature measurements in nonuniform-property flows. The sensing strategy for such flows exploits the broad wavelength-scanning abilities ( >1.7 nm ~ 30 cm-1 ) of a vertical cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL) to interrogate multiple absorption transitions along a single line of sight. To demonstrate the strategy, a VCSEL-based sensor for oxygen gas temperature distributions was developed. A VCSEL beam was directed through paths containing atmospheric-pressure air with known (and relatively simple) temperature distributions in the 200 -700 K range. The VCSEL was scanned over ten transitions in the R branch of the oxygen A band near 760 nm and optionally over six transitions in the P branch. Temperature distribution information can be inferred from these scans because the line strength of each probed transition has a unique temperature dependence; the measurement accuracy and resolution depend on the details of this temperature dependence and on the total number of lines scanned. The performance of the sensing strategy can be optimized and predicted theoretically. Because the sensor exhibits a fast time response ( ~30 ms) and can be adapted to probe a variety of species over a range of temperatures and pressures, it shows promise for industrial application.

The Fundamental Quadrupole Band of (14)N2: Line Positions from High-Resolution Stratospheric Solar Absorption Spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, C. P.; Zander, R.; Goldman, A.; Murcray, F. J.; Murcray, D. G.; Grunson, M. R.; Farmer, C. B.

1991-01-01

The purpose of this note is to report accurate measurements of the positions of O- and S-branch lines of the (1-0) vibration-rotation quadrupole band of molecular nitrogen ((14)N2) and improved Dunham coefficients derived from a simultaneous least-squares analysis of these measurements and selected infrared and far infrared data taken from the literature. The new measurements have been derived from stratospheric solar occultation spectra recorded with Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) instruments operated at unapodized spectral resolutions of 0.002 and 0.01 /cm. The motivation for the present investigation is the need for improved N2 line parameters for use in IR atmospheric remote sensing investigations. The S branch of the N2 (1-0) quadrupole band is ideal for calibrating the line-of-sight airmasses of atmospheric spectra since the strongest lines are well placed in an atmospheric window, their absorption is relatively insensitive to temperature and is moderately strong (typical line center depths of 10 to 50% in high-resolution ground-based solar spectra and in lower stratospheric solar occultation spectra), and the volume mixing ratio of nitrogen is constant in the atmosphere and well known. However, a recent investigation has'shown the need to improve the accuracies of the N2 fine positions, intensities, air-broadened half-widths, and their temperature dependences to fully exploit this calibration capability (1). The present investigation addresses the problem of improving the accuracy of the N2 line positions.

Optical emission line monitor with background observation and cancellation

DOEpatents

Goff, D.R.; Notestein, J.E.

1985-01-04

A fiber optics based optical emission line monitoring system is provided in which selected spectral emission lines, such as the sodium D-line emission in coal combustion, may be detected in the presence of interferring background or blackbody radiation with emissions much greater in intensity than that of the emission line being detected. A bifurcated fiber optic light guide is adapted at the end of one branch to view the combustion light which is guided to a first bandpass filter, adapted to the common trunk end of the fiber. A portion of the light is reflected back through the common trunk portion of the fiber to a second bandpass filter adapted to the end of the other branch of the fiber. The first filter bandpass is centered at a wavelength corresponding to the emission line to be detected with a bandwidth of about three nanometers (nm). The second filter is centered at the same wavelength but having a width of about 10 nm. First and second light detectors are located to view the light passing through the first and second filters respectively. Thus, the second detector is blind to the light corresponding to the emission line of interest detected by the first detector and the difference between the two detector outputs is uniquely indicative of the intensity of only the combustion flame emission of interest. This instrument can reduce the effects of interfering blackbody radiation by greater than 20 dB.

Optical emission line monitor with background observation and cancellation

DOEpatents

Goff, David R.; Notestein, John E.

1986-01-01

A fiber optics based optical emission line monitoring system is provided in which selected spectral emission lines, such as the sodium D-line emission in coal combustion, may be detected in the presence of interferring background or blackbody radiation with emissions much greater in intensity than that of the emission line being detected. A bifurcated fiber optic light guide is adapted at the end of one branch to view the combustion light which is guided to a first bandpass filter, adapted to the common trunk end of the fiber. A portion of the light is reflected back through the common trunk portion of the fiber to a second bandpass filter adapted to the end of the other branch of the fiber. The first filter bandpass is centered at a wavelength corresponding to the emission line to be detected with a bandwidth of about three nanometers (nm). The second filter is centered at the same wavelength but having a width of about 10 nm. First and second light detectors are located to view the light passing through the first and second filters respectively. Thus, the second detector is blind to the light corresponding to the emission line of interest detected by the first detector and the difference between the two detector outputs is uniquely indicative of the intensity of only the combustion flame emission of interest. This instrument can reduce the effects of interferring blackbody radiation by greater than 20 dB.

IMPROVED V I log(gf) VALUES AND ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS IN THE PHOTOSPHERES OF THE SUN AND METAL-POOR STAR HD 84937

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawler, J. E.; Wood, M. P.; Den Hartog, E. A.

2015-01-01

New emission branching fraction measurements for 836 lines of the first spectrum of vanadium (V I) are determined from hollow cathode lamp spectra recorded with the National Solar Observatory 1 m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and a high-resolution echelle spectrometer. The branching fractions are combined with recently published radiative lifetimes from laser-induced fluorescence measurements to determine accurate absolute atomic transition probabilities for the 836 lines. The FTS data are also used to extract new hyperfine structure A coefficients for 26 levels of neutral vanadium. These new laboratory data are applied to determine the V abundance in the Sun and metal-poormore » star HD 84937, yielding log ε(V) = 3.956 ± 0.004 (σ = 0.037) based on 93 V I lines and log ε(V) = 1.89 ± 0.03 (σ = 0.07) based on nine V I lines, respectively, using the Holweger-Müller 1D model. These new V I abundance values for the Sun and HD 84937 agree well with our earlier determinations based upon V II.« less

30 CFR 75.808 - Disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Underground High-Voltage Distribution § 75.808... branch lines in high-voltage circuits and equipped or designed in such a manner that it can be determined...

Multiple loci and genetic interactions involving flowering time genes regulate stem branching among natural variants of Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Huang, Xueqing; Ding, Jia; Effgen, Sigi; Turck, Franziska; Koornneef, Maarten

2013-08-01

Shoot branching is a major determinant of plant architecture. Genetic variants for reduced stem branching in the axils of cauline leaves of Arabidopsis were found in some natural accessions and also at low frequency in the progeny of multiparent crosses. Detailed genetic analysis using segregating populations derived from backcrosses with the parental lines and bulked segregant analysis was used to identify the allelic variation controlling reduced stem branching. Eight quantitative trait loci (QTLs) contributing to natural variation for reduced stem branching were identified (REDUCED STEM BRANCHING 1-8 (RSB1-8)). Genetic analysis showed that RSB6 and RSB7, corresponding to flowering time genes FLOWERING LOCUS C (FLC) and FRIGIDA (FRI), epistatically regulate stem branching. Furthermore, FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT), which corresponds to RSB8 as demonstrated by fine-mapping, transgenic complementation and expression analysis, caused pleiotropic effects not only on flowering time, but, in the specific background of active FRI and FLC alleles, also on the RSB trait. The consequence of allelic variation only expressed in late-flowering genotypes revealed novel and thus far unsuspected roles of several genes well characterized for their roles in flowering time control. © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.

Self- and Air-Broadened Line Shapes in the 2v3 P and R Branches of 12CH4

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Sung, Keeyoon; Crawford, Timothy J.; Yu, Shanshan; Brown, Linda R.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Mantz, Arlan W.; Boudon, Vincent; Ismail, Syed

2015-01-01

In this paper we report line shape parameters of 12CH4 for several hundred 2V(sub 3) transitions in the spectral regions 5891-5996 cm( exp -1) (P branch) and 6015-6115 cm(exp -1) (R branch). Air- and self-broadening coefficients were measured as a function of temperature; line mixing via off-diagonal relaxation matrix element coefficients was also obtained for 47 transition pairs. In total, nearly 1517 positions and intensities were retrieved, but many transitions were too weak for the line shape study. For this analysis, we used 25 high-resolution (0.0056 and 0.0067 cm(ex[ -1) and high signal-to-noise (S/N) spectra of high-purity 12CH4 and the same high-purity 12CH4 broadened by dry air recorded at different sample temperatures between 130 K and 295 K with the Bruker IFS 125HR Fourier transform spectrometer at JPL. Three different absorption cells were used (1) a White cell set to a path length of 13.09 m for room temperature data, (2) a single-pass 0.2038 m long coolable cell (for self-broadening) and (3) a multipass cell with 20.941 m total path coolable Herriott cell (for air-broadening). In total there were 13 spectra with pure 12CH4 (0.27-599 Torr) and 12 air-broadened spectra with total sample pressures of 80-805 Torr and volume mixing ratios (VMR) of methane between 0.18 and 1.0. An interactive multispectrum nonlinear least-squares technique was employed to fit the individual P10-P1 and R0-R10 manifolds in all the spectra simultaneously. Results obtained from the present analysis are compared to other recent measurements.

Openings between Defective Endothelial Cells Explain Tumor Vessel Leakiness

PubMed Central

Hashizume, Hiroya; Baluk, Peter; Morikawa, Shunichi; McLean, John W.; Thurston, Gavin; Roberge, Sylvie; Jain, Rakesh K.; McDonald, Donald M.

2000-01-01

Leakiness of blood vessels in tumors may contribute to disease progression and is key to certain forms of cancer therapy, but the structural basis of the leakiness is unclear. We sought to determine whether endothelial gaps or transcellular holes, similar to those found in leaky vessels in inflammation, could explain the leakiness of tumor vessels. Blood vessels in MCa-IV mouse mammary carcinomas, which are known to be unusually leaky (functional pore size 1.2–2 μm), were compared to vessels in three less leaky tumors and normal mammary glands. Vessels were identified by their binding of intravascularly injected fluorescent cationic liposomes and Lycopersicon esculentum lectin and by CD31 (PECAM) immunoreactivity. The luminal surface of vessels in all four tumors had a defective endothelial monolayer as revealed by scanning electron microscopy. In MCa-IV tumors, 14% of the vessel surface was lined by poorly connected, overlapping cells. The most superficial lining cells, like endothelial cells, had CD31 immunoreactivity and fenestrae with diaphragms, but they had a branched phenotype with cytoplasmic projections as long as 50 μm. Some branched cells were separated by intercellular openings (mean diameter 1.7 μm; range, 0.3–4.7 μm). Transcellular holes (mean diameter 0.6 μm) were also present but were only 8% as numerous as intercellular openings. Some CD31-positive cells protruded into the vessel lumen; others sprouted into perivascular tumor tissue. Tumors in RIP-Tag2 mice had, in addition, tumor cell-lined lakes of extravasated erythrocytes. We conclude that some tumor vessels have a defective cellular lining composed of disorganized, loosely connected, branched, overlapping or sprouting endothelial cells. Openings between these cells contribute to tumor vessel leakiness and may permit access of macromolecular therapeutic agents to tumor cells. PMID:10751361

The intron 1 of HPV 16 has a suboptimal branch point at a guanosine.

PubMed

De la Rosa-Rios, Marco Antonio; Martínez-Salazar, Martha; Martínez-Garcia, Martha; González-Bonilla, César; Villegas-Sepúlveda, Nicolás

2006-06-01

The branch point sequence (BPS) of intron 1 of the HPV-16 was determined via RT-PCR in a cell free system, using lariat intermediates obtained by in vitro splicing reactions. We used synthetic E6/E7 transcripts and HeLa nuclear protein extracts to obtain the splicing intermediates. Then, a divergent oligonucleotide primer set, pairing on the lariat RNA that encompassed the 2'-5' phosphodiester bond formed between the 5' end of the intron and the BPS, was used for cDNA synthesis and PCR amplification. Subsequent RT-PCR assays revealed four splicing intermediates, made up of a major intermediary corresponding to the BPS and four cryptic branched sequences. Only intermediates bound at the 5' end of the intron are probably the authentic branch point sequence, and all of them branch at guanosine 328 instead of the typical adenosine. Unusually, the BPS of intron 1 of HPV-16 is a suboptimal sequence (AGUGAGU) that differs from the eukaryotic consensus BPS, which correlates with the splicing profile observed for early transcripts of HPV-16 in tumors and tumor derived cell lines. The implications of this unusual branch point sequence for splicing of the HPV-16 pre-mRNA are discussed.

Estimating the Propagation of Interdependent Cascading Outages with Multi-Type Branching Processes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qi, Junjian; Ju, Wenyun; Sun, Kai

In this paper, the multi-type branching process is applied to describe the statistics and interdependencies of line outages, the load shed, and isolated buses. The offspring mean matrix of the multi-type branching process is estimated by the Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and can quantify the extent of outage propagation. The joint distribution of two types of outages is estimated by the multi-type branching process via the Lagrange-Good inversion. The proposed model is tested with data generated by the AC OPA cascading simulations on the IEEE 118-bus system. The largest eigenvalues of the offspring mean matrix indicate that the system ismore » closer to criticality when considering the interdependence of different types of outages. Compared with empirically estimating the joint distribution of the total outages, good estimate is obtained by using the multitype branching process with a much smaller number of cascades, thus greatly improving the efficiency. It is shown that the multitype branching process can effectively predict the distribution of the load shed and isolated buses and their conditional largest possible total outages even when there are no data of them.« less

Spectral Line Shapes in the ν_3 Q Branch of ^{12}CH_4 Near 3.3 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Gamache, Robert R.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Sams, Robert L.

2017-06-01

Detailed knowledge of spectroscopic parameters for prominent Q branches of methane is necessary for interpretation and modeling of high resolution infrared spectra of terrestrial and planetary atmospheres. We have measured air-broadened line shape parameters in the Q branch of ^{12}CH_4 in the ν_3 fundamental band for a large number of transitions in the 3000 to 3023 cm^{-1} region by analyzing 13 room-temperature laboratory absorption spectra. Twelve of these spectra were recorded with 0.01 cm^{-1} resolution using the McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) of the National Solar Observatory (NSO) on Kitt Peak, and one higher-resolution (˜0.0011 cm^{-1}) low pressure (˜1 Torr) spectrum of methane was obtained using the Bruker IFS 120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) in Richland, WA. The air-broadened spectra were recorded using various absorption cells with path lengths of 5, 20, 25, and 150 cm, total sample pressures between 50 and 500 Torr, and CH_4 volume mixing ratios of 0.01 or less. All 13 spectra were fit simultaneously covering the 3000-3023 cm^{-1} spectral region using a multispectrum nonlinear least squares technique to retrieve accurate line positions, absolute intensities, Lorentz air-broadened widths and pressure-shift coefficients. Line mixing using the off-diagonal relaxation matrix element formalism was measured for a number of pairs of transitions for the CH_4-air collisional system. The results will be compared to values reported in the literature. D. C. Benner, C. P. Rinsland, V. Malathy Devi, M. A. H. Smith, D. Atkins, JQSRT 53 (1995) 705-721. A. Levy, N. Lacome, C. Chackerian, Collisional line mixing, in Spectroscopy of the Earth's Atmosphere and Interstellar Medium, Academic Press, Inc., Boston (1992) 261-337.

Positron line radiation from halo WIMP annihilations as a dark matter signature

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, Michael S.; Wilczek, Frank

1989-01-01

We suggest a new signature for dark matter annihilation in the halo: high energy positron line radiation. Because the cosmic ray positron spectrum falls rapidly with energy, e+'s from halo WIMP annihilations can be a significant, clean signal for very massive WIMP's (approx. greater than 30 GeV). In the case that the e+e- annihilation channel has an appreciable branch, the e+ signal should be above background in a future detector, such as have been proposed for ASTROMAG, and of potential importance as a dark matter signature. A significant e+e- branching ratio can occur for neutralinos or Dirac neutrinos. High-energy, continuum positron radiation may also be an important signature for massive neutralino annihilations, especially near or above the threshold of the W+W- and ZoZo annihilation channels.

Single transmission line data acquisition system

DOEpatents

Fasching, George E.

1984-01-01

A single transmission line interrogated multiple channel data acquisition system is provided in which a plurality of remote station/sensors monitor specific process variables and transmit measurement values over the single transmission line to a master station when addressed by the master station. Power for all remote stations (up to 980) is provided by driving the line with constant voltage supplied from the master station and automatically maintained independent of the number of remote stations directly connected to the line. The transmission line can be an RG-62 coaxial cable with lengths up to about 10,000 feet with branches up to 500 feet. The remote stations can be attached randomly along the line. The remote stations can be scanned at rates up to 980 channels/second.

Crystalline silicon carbide nanoparticles encapsulated in branched wavelike carbon nanotubes: synthesis and optical properties.

PubMed

Xi, Guangcheng; Yu, Shijun; Zhang, Rui; Zhang, Meng; Ma, Dekun; Qian, Yitai

2005-07-14

A novel nanostructure, cubic silicon carbide (3C-SiC) nanoparticles encapsulated in branched wavelike carbon nanotubes have been prepared by a reaction of 1,2-dimenthoxyethane (CH3OCH2CH2OCH3), SiCl4, and Mg in an autoclave at 600 degrees C. According to X-ray powder diffraction, the products are composed of 3C-SiC and carbon. TEM and HRTEM images show that the as-synthesized products are composed of 3C-SiC nanoparticles encapsulated in branched carbon nanotubes with wavelike walls. The diameter of the 3C-SiC cores is approximately 20-40 nm and the thickness of the carbon shells is about 3-5 nm. In Raman scattering spectroscopy, both the TO (Gamma) phonon line and the LO (Gamma) phonon line have red shifts about 6 cm(-1) relative to that for the bulk 3C-SiC. The photoluminescence (PL) spectrum shows that there are two emission peaks: blue light emission (431 nm) and violet light emission (414 nm). A sequential deposition growth process (with cores as the templates for the shells) for the nanostructure was proposed.

76 FR 34141 - Union Pacific Railroad Company-Abandonment and Discontinuance of Trackage Rights Exemptions-in...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-06-10

... milepost 680.06 near Dawson on the Hull Oakes Lead (together, the Line). The Line traverses United States..., although the milepost where the Hull Oakes Lead connects to the Bailey Branch at Alpine Junction is correct... mileposts. The legend on the map indicates an increase in the mileage of the Hull Oakes Lead from 6.85 to 7...

Electromagnetic Component Research

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-01

capacitor was designed so that the four capacitance states are approximately equally spaced. Fig. 8 shows a photomicrograph of the varactor and the...dimensional Millimeter-wave Coaxial Line with Coplanar Transition for Probing (b) 60 CI·lz Branch Line Coupler, Measured S-paramclers Agree with Design C urves... designed for compatibi lity with optical fiber installations and can be attached to structures to measure their bending strains. The sensors can be

Crk synergizes with epidermal growth factor for epithelial invasion and morphogenesis and is required for the met morphogenic program.

PubMed

Lamorte, Louie; Rodrigues, Sonia; Naujokas, Monica; Park, Morag

2002-10-04

Activation of the Met receptor tyrosine kinase through its ligand, hepatocyte growth factor, stimulates cell spreading, cell dispersal, and the inherent morphogenic program of various epithelial cell lines. Although both hepatocyte growth factor and epidermal growth factor (EGF) can activate downstream signaling pathways in Madin-Darby canine kidney epithelial cells, EGF fails to promote the breakdown of cell-cell junctional complexes and initiate an invasive morphogenic program. We have undertaken a strategy to identify signals that synergize with EGF in this process. We provide evidence that the overexpression of the CrkII adapter protein complements EGF-stimulated pathways to induce cell dispersal in two-dimensional cultures and cell invasion and branching morphogenesis in three-dimensional collagen gels. This finding correlates with the ability of CrkII to promote the breakdown of adherens junctions in stable cell lines and the ability of EGF to stimulate enhanced Rac activity in cells overexpressing CrkII. We have previously shown that the Gab1-docking protein is required for branching morphogenesis downstream of the Met receptor. Consistent with a role for CrkII in promoting EGF-dependent branching morphogenesis, the binding of Gab1 to CrkII is required for the branching morphogenic program downstream of Met. Together, our data support a role for the CrkII adapter protein in epithelial invasion and morphogenesis and underscores the importance of considering the synergistic actions of signaling pathways in cancer progression.

Relaxation Matrix for Symmetric Tops with Inversion Symmetry: Line Coupling and Line Mixing Effects on NH3 Lines in the V4 Band

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ma, Q.; Boulet, C.; Tipping, R. H.

2017-01-01

Line shape parameters including the half-widths and the off-diagonal elements of the relaxation matrix have been calculated for self-broadened NH3 lines in the perpendicular v4 band. As in the pure rotational and the parallel v1 bands, the small inversion splitting in this band causes a complete failure of the isolated line approximation. As a result, one has to use formalisms not relying on this approximation. However, due to differences between parallel and perpendicular bands of NH3, the applicability of the formalism used in our previous studies of the v1 band and other parallel bands must be carefully verified. We have found that, as long as potential models only contain components with K1 equals K2 equals 0, whose matrix elements require the selection rule delta k equals 0, the formalism is applicable for the v4 band with some minor adjustments. Based on both theoretical considerations and results from numerical calculations, the non-diagonality of the relaxation matrices in all the PP, RP, PQ, RQ, PR, and RR branches is discussed. Theoretically calculated self-broadened half-widths are compared with measurements and the values listed in HITRAN 2012. With respect to line coupling effects, we have compared our calculated intra-doublet off-diagonal elements of the relaxation matrix with reliable measurements carried out in the PP branch where the spectral environment is favorable. The agreement is rather good since our results do well reproduce the observed k and j dependences of these elements, thus validating our formalism.

27 CFR 9.74 - Columbia Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... North Branch Canal to its intersection with U.S. Interstate 90 in Johnson Canyon; (10) Then east... township line between T. 21 N. and T. 22 N. immediately north of the Rock Island Dam; (12) Then west...

27 CFR 9.74 - Columbia Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... North Branch Canal to its intersection with U.S. Interstate 90 in Johnson Canyon; (10) Then east... township line between T. 21 N. and T. 22 N. immediately north of the Rock Island Dam; (12) Then west...

27 CFR 9.74 - Columbia Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... North Branch Canal to its intersection with U.S. Interstate 90 in Johnson Canyon; (10) Then east... township line between T. 21 N. and T. 22 N. immediately north of the Rock Island Dam; (12) Then west...

27 CFR 9.74 - Columbia Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... North Branch Canal to its intersection with U.S. Interstate 90 in Johnson Canyon; (10) Then east... township line between T. 21 N. and T. 22 N. immediately north of the Rock Island Dam; (12) Then west...

27 CFR 9.74 - Columbia Valley.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... North Branch Canal to its intersection with U.S. Interstate 90 in Johnson Canyon; (10) Then east... township line between T. 21 N. and T. 22 N. immediately north of the Rock Island Dam; (12) Then west...

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lawler, J. E.; Sneden, C.; Cowan, J. J., E-mail: jelawler@wisc.edu, E-mail: chris@verdi.as.utexas.edu, E-mail: jjcowan1@ou.edu

New emission branching fraction measurements for 898 lines of the first spectrum of cobalt (Co i) are determined from hollow cathode lamp spectra recorded with the National Solar Observatory 1 m Fourier transform spectrometer on Kitt Peak, AZ and a high-resolution echelle spectrometer. Published radiative lifetimes from laser induced fluorescence measurements are combined with the branching fractions to determine accurate absolute atomic transition probabilities for the 898 lines. Hyperfine structure (hfs) constants for levels of neutral Co in the literature are surveyed and selected values are used to generate complete hfs component patterns for 195 transitions of Co i. Thesemore » new laboratory data are applied to determine the Co abundance in the Sun and metal-poor star HD 84937, yielding log ϵ(Co) = 4.955 ± 0.007 (σ = 0.059) based on 82 Co i lines and log ϵ(Co) = 2.785 ± 0.008 (σ = 0.065) based on 66 Co i lines, respectively. A Saha or ionization balance test on the photosphere of HD 84937 is performed using 16 UV lines of Co ii, and good agreement is found with the Co i result in this metal-poor ([Fe i/H] = −2.32, [Fe ii/H] = −2.32) dwarf star. The resulting value of [Co/Fe] = +0.14 supports a rise of Co/Fe at low metallicity that has been suggested in other studies.« less

IMPROVED V II log(gf) VALUES, HYPERFINE STRUCTURE CONSTANTS, AND ABUNDANCE DETERMINATIONS IN THE PHOTOSPHERES OF THE SUN AND METAL-POOR STAR HD 84937

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wood, M. P.; Lawler, J. E.; Den Hartog, E. A.

2014-10-01

New experimental absolute atomic transition probabilities are reported for 203 lines of V II. Branching fractions are measured from spectra recorded using a Fourier transform spectrometer and an echelle spectrometer. The branching fractions are normalized with radiative lifetime measurements to determine the new transition probabilities. Generally good agreement is found between this work and previously reported V II transition probabilities. Two spectrometers, independent radiometric calibration methods, and independent data analysis routines enable a reduction in systematic uncertainties, in particular those due to optical depth errors. In addition, new hyperfine structure constants are measured for selected levels by least squares fittingmore » line profiles in the FTS spectra. The new V II data are applied to high resolution visible and UV spectra of the Sun and metal-poor star HD 84937 to determine new, more accurate V abundances. Lines covering a range of wavelength and excitation potential are used to search for non-LTE effects. Very good agreement is found between our new solar photospheric V abundance, log ε(V) = 3.95 from 15 V II lines, and the solar-system meteoritic value. In HD 84937, we derive [V/H] = –2.08 from 68 lines, leading to a value of [V/Fe] = 0.24.« less

The electric dipole moment of cobalt monoxide, CoO.

PubMed

Zhuang, Xiujuan; Steimle, Timothy C

2014-03-28

A number of low-rotational lines of the E(4)Δ7/2 ← X(4)Δ7/2 (1,0) band system of cobalt monoxide, CoO, were recorded field free and in the presence of a static electric field. The magnetic hyperfine parameter, h7/2, and the electron quadrupole parameter, eQq0, for the E(4)Δ7/2(υ = 1) state were optimized from the analysis of the field-free spectrum. The permanent electric dipole moment, μ(→)(el), for the X(4)Δ7/2 (υ = 0) and E(4)Δ7/2 (υ = 1) states were determined to be 4.18 ± 0.05 D and 3.28 ± 0.05 D, respectively, from the analysis of the observed Stark spectra of F' = 7 ← F″ = 6 branch feature in the Q(7/2) line and the F' = 8 ← F″ = 7 branch feature in the R(7/2) line. The measured dipole moments of CoO are compared to those from theoretical predictions and the trend across the 3d-metal monoxide series discussed.

Carbon Dioxide Line Shapes for Atmospheric Remote Sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Predoi-Cross, Adriana; Ibrahim, Amr; Wismath, Alice; Teillet, Philippe M.; Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Billinghurst, Brant

2010-02-01

We present a detailed spectroscopic study of carbon dioxide in support of atmospheric remote sensing. We have studied two weak absorption bands near the strong ν2 band that is used to derive atmospheric temperature profiles. We have analyzed our laboratory spectra recorded with the synchrotron and globar sources with spectral line profiles that reproduce the absorption features with high accuracy. The Q-branch transitions exhibited asymmetric line shape due to weak line-mixing. For these weak transitions, we have retrieved accurate experimental line strengths, self- and air-broadening, self- and air-induced shift coefficients and weak line mixing parameters. The experimental precision is sufficient to reveal inherent variations of the width and shift coefficients according to transition quantum numbers.

Radiative lifetimes, branching fractions, and oscillator strengths of some levels in Be I

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Xinghao; Quinet, Pascal; Li, Qiu; Yu, Qi; Li, Yongfan; Wang, Qian; Gong, Yimin; Dai, Zhenwen

2018-06-01

Radiative lifetimes of five levels in Be I lying in the energy range 64,506.45-71,160.52 cm-1 were measured by the time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. These new data, together with previously measured radiative lifetimes and two reliable calculated lifetimes, were combined with branching fractions obtained from pseudo-relativistic Hartree-Fock calculations to deduce semi-empirical transition probabilities and oscillator strengths for 90 Be I spectral lines involving upper levels ranging from 42,565.35 to 72,251.27 cm-1.

A Design for an Interactive Videodisc Training Program for the Sun Workstation.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-03-01

level, beginner program. A - l *" Ii. * reply was obtained by asl:ing it the, re2t any cre . t 1 1 t I.t cf -,,I-tL Five sThd thet thv did not - rv more... flowcharts . These three forms spring from the need to specify motion sequences, still frames, and the manner of interaction or branching to be implemented...but should be similar to good over- head transparencies with lots of space between lines. Branching networks or flowcharts are used to describe the

Acoustic modes in fluid networks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Michalopoulos, C. D.; Clark, Robert W., Jr.; Doiron, Harold H.

1992-01-01

Pressure and flow rate eigenvalue problems for one-dimensional flow of a fluid in a network of pipes are derived from the familiar transmission line equations. These equations are linearized by assuming small velocity and pressure oscillations about mean flow conditions. It is shown that the flow rate eigenvalues are the same as the pressure eigenvalues and the relationship between line pressure modes and flow rate modes is established. A volume at the end of each branch is employed which allows any combination of boundary conditions, from open to closed, to be used. The Jacobi iterative method is used to compute undamped natural frequencies and associated pressure/flow modes. Several numerical examples are presented which include acoustic modes for the Helium Supply System of the Space Shuttle Orbiter Main Propulsion System. It should be noted that the method presented herein can be applied to any one-dimensional acoustic system involving an arbitrary number of branches.

Deriving Temperatures from the Homopause of Jupiter

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kim, Sang J.

2015-11-01

Recently, Kim et al. (Icarus, 2015) derived homopause temperatures from several places on the north and south polar regions of Jupiter by analyzing the 3-μm spectro-images of CH4, which were obtained using the Gemini Near-Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS). The spectral resolution of the data was R~18,000, which is enough to resolve the sharp 3-μm emission lines of the P and Q branches of CH4. From the next year’s JUNO encounter with Jupiter, we are expecting low resolution spectra from JUNO’s IR 2-5 μm spectrograph, whose resolution is only R~300 at 3 μm. We will present a method to derive homopause temperatures from low-resolution spectra utilizing the gross envelopes of the P, Q, R branch lines of CH4. We will discuss possible sciences extracted from the constructed maps of homopause temperatures over the auroral or non-auroral regions of Jupiter.

Dual-broadband rotational CARS modelling of nitrogen at pressures up to 9 MPa. II. Rotational Raman line widths

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Afzelius, M.; Bengtsson, P.-E.; Bood, J.; Bonamy, J.; Chaussard, F.; Berger, H.; Dreier, T.

Rotational coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a well-established spectroscopic technique for thermometry at pre-combustion temperatures and atmospheric pressure. However, at pressures of several MPa, a previous investigation revealed large discrepancies between experimental data and the theoretical model. A re-evaluation has been made of these data (at room temperature and in the range 1.5-9 MPa) with two improvements to the spectral code. The first is the inclusion of an inter-branch interference effect, which is described in detail in Paper I. The second is the use of experimental S1-branch Raman line widths measured at 295 K, with a temperature dependence extracted from semi-classical calculations following the Robert-Bonamy formalism. It is shown that these two modifications significantly improve the theoretical model, since both the spectral fits and the accuracy of the evaluated temperatures are considerably improved.

National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams. Crescent Lake Dam (CT 00277), Connecticut River Basin, Enfield, Connecticut. Phase I Inspection Report.

DTIC Science & Technology

1978-11-01

hydraulic analyses. In accordance with the established Guide- lines , the Spillway Test Flood is based on the estimated "Probable Maximum Flood" for the...the south by Shaker Road. A branch line of the Penn Central Railroad pas- ses to the right of the dam and reservoir. - 0 The dam was originally...passage of water through the - upper foot of stone. ,,,’. i. Regulating Outlets There is a 375 foot long raceway outlet on the east shore- -" line

Sall1-dependent signals affect Wnt signaling and ureter tip fate to initiate kidney development.

PubMed

Kiefer, Susan M; Robbins, Lynn; Stumpff, Kelly M; Lin, Congxing; Ma, Liang; Rauchman, Michael

2010-09-01

Development of the metanephric kidney depends on precise control of branching of the ureteric bud. Branching events represent terminal bifurcations that are thought to depend on unique patterns of gene expression in the tip compared with the stalk and are influenced by mesenchymal signals. The metanephric mesenchyme-derived signals that control gene expression at the ureteric bud tip are not well understood. In mouse Sall1 mutants, the ureteric bud grows out and invades the metanephric mesenchyme, but it fails to initiate branching despite tip-specific expression of Ret and Wnt11. The stalk-specific marker Wnt9b and the beta-catenin downstream target Axin2 are ectopically expressed in the mutant ureteric bud tips, suggesting that upregulated canonical Wnt signaling disrupts ureter branching in this mutant. In support of this hypothesis, ureter arrest is rescued by lowering beta-catenin levels in the Sall1 mutant and is phenocopied by ectopic expression of a stabilized beta-catenin in the ureteric bud. Furthermore, transgenic overexpression of Wnt9b in the ureteric bud causes reduced branching in multiple founder lines. These studies indicate that Sall1-dependent signals from the metanephric mesenchyme are required to modulate ureteric bud tip Wnt patterning in order to initiate branching.

Lithium Abundance in M3 Red Giant

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Givens, Rashad; Pilachowski, Catherine A.

2015-01-01

We present the abundance of lithium in the red giant star vZ 1050 (SK 291) in the globular cluster M3. A previous survey of giants in the cluster showed that like IV-101, vZ 1050 displays a prominent Li I 6707 Å feature. vZ 1050 lies on the blue side of the red giant branch about 1.3 magnitudes above the level of the horizontal branch, and may be an asymptotic giant branch star. A high resolution spectrum of M3 vZ1050 was obtained with the ARC 3.5m telescope and the ARC Echelle Spectrograph (ARCES). Atmospheric parameters were determined using Fe I and Fe II lines from the spectrum using the MOOG spectral analysis program, and the lithium abundance was determined using spectrum synthesis.

Broadening of the infrared absorption lines at reduced temperatures. II - Carbon monoxide in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide.

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tubbs, L. D.; Williams, D.

1972-01-01

The strengths of the rotational lines in the R branch of the CO fundamental have been determined at temperatures of 298, 202, and 132 K by means of a high-resolution spectrograph. The results can be used to determine line strengths at other temperatures by means of the Herman-Wallis relation or by considerations of the populations of the rotational levels in the ground vibrational state. Parameters describing the self-broadening and carbon dioxide broadening of CO lines have been determined at 298 and 202 K. The results are compared with other recent experimental and theoretical studies.

Bifurcations and stability of standing waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the tadpole graph

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Noja, Diego; Pelinovsky, Dmitry; Shaikhova, Gaukhar

2015-07-01

We develop a detailed analysis of edge bifurcations of standing waves in the nonlinear Schrödinger (NLS) equation on a tadpole graph (a ring attached to a semi-infinite line subject to the Kirchhoff boundary conditions at the junction). It is shown in the recent work [7] by using explicit Jacobi elliptic functions that the cubic NLS equation on a tadpole graph admits a rich structure of standing waves. Among these, there are different branches of localized waves bifurcating from the edge of the essential spectrum of an associated Schrödinger operator. We show by using a modified Lyapunov-Schmidt reduction method that the bifurcation of localized standing waves occurs for every positive power nonlinearity. We distinguish a primary branch of never vanishing standing waves bifurcating from the trivial solution and an infinite sequence of higher branches with oscillating behavior in the ring. The higher branches bifurcate from the branches of degenerate standing waves with vanishing tail outside the ring. Moreover, we analyze stability of bifurcating standing waves. Namely, we show that the primary branch is composed by orbitally stable standing waves for subcritical power nonlinearities, while all nontrivial higher branches are linearly unstable near the bifurcation point. The stability character of the degenerate branches remains inconclusive at the analytical level, whereas heuristic arguments based on analysis of embedded eigenvalues of negative Krein signatures support the conjecture of their linear instability at least near the bifurcation point. Numerical results for the cubic NLS equation show that this conjecture is valid and that the degenerate branches become spectrally stable far away from the bifurcation point.

Expression and Functional Role of Sprouty-2 in Breast Morphogenesis

PubMed Central

Hilmarsdottir, Bylgja; Gustafsdottir, Sigrun M.; Franzdottir, Sigridur Rut; Arason, Ari Jon; Steingrimsson, Eirikur; Magnusson, Magnus K.; Gudjonsson, Thorarinn

2013-01-01

Branching morphogenesis is a mechanism used by many species for organogenesis and tissue maintenance. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the sprouty protein family are believed to be critical regulators of branching morphogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of Sprouty-2 (SPRY2) in the mammary gland and study its role in branching morphogenesis. Human breast epithelial cells, breast tissue and mouse mammary glands were used for expression studies using immunoblotting, real rime PCR and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of SPRY2 in the breast epithelial stem cell line D492 was done by lentiviral transduction of shRNA constructs targeting SPRY2. Three dimensional culture of D492 with or without endothelial cells was done in reconstituted basement membrane matrix. We show that in the human breast, SPRY2 is predominantly expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of both ducts and lobuli. In the mouse mammary gland, SPRY2 expression is low or absent in the virgin state, while in the pregnant mammary gland SPRY2 is expressed at branching epithelial buds with increased expression during lactation. This expression pattern is closely associated with the activation of the EGFR pathway. Using D492 which generates branching structures in three-dimensional (3D) culture, we show that SPRY2 expression is low during initiation of branching with subsequent increase throughout the branching process. Immunostaining locates expression of phosphorylated SPRY2 and EGFR at the tip of lobular-like, branching ends. SPRY2 knockdown (KD) resulted in increased migration, increased pERK and larger and more complex branching structures indicating a loss of negative feedback control during branching morphogenesis. In D492 co-cultures with endothelial cells, D492 SPRY2 KD generates spindle-like colonies that bear hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These data indicate that SPRY2 is an important regulator of branching morphogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the mammary gland. PMID:23573284

Expression and functional role of sprouty-2 in breast morphogenesis.

PubMed

Sigurdsson, Valgardur; Ingthorsson, Saevar; Hilmarsdottir, Bylgja; Gustafsdottir, Sigrun M; Franzdottir, Sigridur Rut; Arason, Ari Jon; Steingrimsson, Eirikur; Magnusson, Magnus K; Gudjonsson, Thorarinn

2013-01-01

Branching morphogenesis is a mechanism used by many species for organogenesis and tissue maintenance. Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and the sprouty protein family are believed to be critical regulators of branching morphogenesis. The aim of this study was to analyze the expression of Sprouty-2 (SPRY2) in the mammary gland and study its role in branching morphogenesis. Human breast epithelial cells, breast tissue and mouse mammary glands were used for expression studies using immunoblotting, real rime PCR and immunohistochemistry. Knockdown of SPRY2 in the breast epithelial stem cell line D492 was done by lentiviral transduction of shRNA constructs targeting SPRY2. Three dimensional culture of D492 with or without endothelial cells was done in reconstituted basement membrane matrix. We show that in the human breast, SPRY2 is predominantly expressed in the luminal epithelial cells of both ducts and lobuli. In the mouse mammary gland, SPRY2 expression is low or absent in the virgin state, while in the pregnant mammary gland SPRY2 is expressed at branching epithelial buds with increased expression during lactation. This expression pattern is closely associated with the activation of the EGFR pathway. Using D492 which generates branching structures in three-dimensional (3D) culture, we show that SPRY2 expression is low during initiation of branching with subsequent increase throughout the branching process. Immunostaining locates expression of phosphorylated SPRY2 and EGFR at the tip of lobular-like, branching ends. SPRY2 knockdown (KD) resulted in increased migration, increased pERK and larger and more complex branching structures indicating a loss of negative feedback control during branching morphogenesis. In D492 co-cultures with endothelial cells, D492 SPRY2 KD generates spindle-like colonies that bear hallmarks of epithelial to mesenchymal transition. These data indicate that SPRY2 is an important regulator of branching morphogenesis and epithelial to mesenchymal transition in the mammary gland.

30 CFR 75.1101-1 - Deluge-type water spray systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... discharge from the nozzles. (b) Nozzles attached to the branch lines shall be full cone, corrosion resistant and provided with blow-off dust covers. The spray application rate shall not be less than 0.25 gallon...

A bacterial quercetin oxidoreductase QuoA-mediated perturbation in the phenylpropanoid metabolic network increases lignification with a concomitant decrease in phenolamides in Arabidopsis

PubMed Central

Swarup, Sanjay

2013-01-01

Metabolic perturbations by a gain-of-function approach provide a means to alter steady states of metabolites and query network properties, while keeping enzyme complexes intact. A combination of genetic and targeted metabolomics approach was used to understand the network properties of phenylpropanoid secondary metabolism pathways. A novel quercetin oxidoreductase, QuoA, from Pseudomonas putida, which converts quercetin to naringenin, thus effectively reversing the biosynthesis of quercetin through a de novo pathway, was expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana. QuoA transgenic lines selected for low, medium, and high expression levels of QuoA RNA had corresponding levels of QuoA activity and hypocotyl coloration resulting from increased anthocyanin accumulation. Stems of all three QuoA lines had increased tensile strength resulting from increased lignification. Sixteen metabolic intermediates from anthocyanin, lignin, and shikimate pathways had increased accumulation, of which 11 paralleled QuoA expression levels in the transgenic lines. The concomitant upregulation of the above pathways was explained by a significant downregulation of the phenolamide pathway and its precursor, spermidine. In a tt6 mutant line, lignifications as well as levels of the lignin pathway metabolites were much lower than those of QuoA transgenic lines. Unlike QuoA lines, phenolamides and spermidine were not affected in the tt6 line. Taken together, these results suggest that phenolamide pathway plays a major role in directing metabolic intermediates into the lignin pathway. Metabolic perturbations were accompanied by downregulation of five genes associated with branch-point enzymes and upregulation of their corresponding products. These results suggest that gene–metabolite pairs are likely to be co-ordinately regulated at critical branch points. Thus, these perturbations by a gain-of-function approach have uncovered novel properties of the phenylpropanoid metabolic network. PMID:24085580

PSYOP Needs More Science: The Root Cause of the Branch’s Difficulties with Assessment

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

Office of Management and Budget, Paperwork Reduction Project (0704–0188) Washington DC 20503. 1. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank) 2. REPORT DATE...our wives who encouraged and supported us throughout this educational process. xviii THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 1 I. INTRODUCTION A...manual. In Figure 1, the doubled line ending in a circle indicates a doctrinal item that has been specifically superseded. The dashed line ending

Flow Characteristics and Status of CFD Hydrodynamic Model Development in Sudden Contraction Manifold/Orifice Configurations

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-07-01

Branching Configuration 33 6.6 CONTRACTION COEFFICIENT 35 7.0 SUPERCAVITATION 36 7.1 FLOW REATTACHMENT 36 7.1.1 In-Line... SUPERCAVITATION 37 7.2.1 In-Line Configuration Critical Cavitation 37 7.2.2 Dead Head Configuration Critical Cavitation 38 7.2.3 Approach...regimes are: (1) Non-Cavitation, (2) Inception of Cavitation, (3) Full Cavitation, (4) Supercavitation , and (5) Hydraulic Flip. The flow

High-sensitivity interference-free diagnostic for measurement of methane in shock tubes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sur, Ritobrata; Wang, Shengkai; Sun, Kai; Davidson, David F.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Hanson, Ronald K.

2015-05-01

A sensitive CW laser absorption diagnostic for in-situ measurement of methane mole fraction at high temperatures is developed. The selected transitions for the diagnostic are a cluster of lines near 3148.8 cm-1 from the R-branch of the ν3 band of the CH4 absorption spectrum. The selected transitions have 2-3 times more sensitivity to CH4 concentration than the P-branch in the 3.3 μm region, lower interference from major interfering intermediate species in most hydrocarbon reactions, and applicability over a wide range of pressures and temperatures. Absorption cross-sections for a broad collection of hydrocarbons were simulated to evaluate interference absorption, and were generally found to be negligible near 3148.8 cm-1. However, minor interference from hot bands of C2H2 and C2H4 was observed and was characterized experimentally, revealing a weak dependence on wavelength. To eliminate such interferences, a two-color on-line and off-line measurement scheme is proposed to determine CH4 concentration. The colors selected, i.e., for on-line (3148.81 cm-1) and off-line (3148.66 cm-1), are characterized between 0.2-4 atm and 500 K-2100 K by absorption coefficient measurements in a shock tube. Minimum detectable levels of CH4 in shock tube experiments are reported for this range of temperatures and pressures. An example measurement is shown for sensitive detection of CH4 in a shock tube chemical kinetics experiment.

VUV Spectroscopic Study of the D 1Π u State of Molecular Deuterium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dickenson, G. D.; Ivanov, T. I.; Ubachs, W.; Roudjane, M.; de Oliveira, N.; Joyeux, D.; Nahon, L.; Tchang-Brillet, W.-Ü. L.; Glass-Maujean, M.; Schmoranzer, H.; Knie, A.; Kübler, S.; Ehresmann, A.

2011-11-01

The D 1Π u - ? absorption system of molecular deuterium has been re-investigated using the VUV Fourier-Transform (FT) spectrometer at the DESIRS beamline of the synchrotron SOLEIL and photon-induced fluorescence spectrometry (PIFS) using the 10 m normal incidence monochromator at the synchrotron BESSY II. Using the FT spectrometer absorption spectra in the range 72-82 nm were recorded in quasi static gas at 100 K and in a free flowing jet at a spectroscopic resolution of 0.50 and 0.20 cm-1 respectively. The narrow Q-branch transitions, probing states of Π- symmetry, were observed up to vibrational level v = 22. The states of Π+ symmetry, known to be broadened due to predissociation and giving rise to asymmetric Beutler-Fano resonances, were studied up to v = 18. The 10 m normal incidence beamline setup at BESSY II was used to simultaneously record absorption, dissociation, ionization and fluorescence decay channels from which information on the line intensities, predissociated widths, and Fano q-parameters were extracted. R-branch transitions were observed up to v = 23 for J = 1-3 as well as several transitions for J = 4 and 5 up to v = 22 and 18 respectively. The Q-branch transitions are found to weakly predissociate and were observed from v = 8 to the final vibrational level of the state v = 23. The spectroscopic study is supported by two theoretical frameworks. Results on the Π- symmetry states are compared to ab initio multi-channel-quantum defect theory (MQDT) calculations, demonstrating that these calculations are accurate to within 0.5 cm-1. Furthermore, the calculated line intensities of Q-lines agree well with measured values. For the states of Π+ symmetry a perturbative model based on a single bound state interacting with a predissociation continuum was explored, yielding good agreement for predissociation widths, Fano q-parameters and line intensities.

[History of the Montpellier Society of Biology].

PubMed

Bali, Jean-Pierre

2017-01-01

The provincial branch of Montpellier was officially created in April, 1956, that is to say if the gestation was long since the birth of the Society of Biology of Paris in 1848. During this long period, famous personalities of Montpellier in the field of biology and physiology came to Paris to present their work, published in the "Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de ses Filiales". Following its creation as a 1901 law public association, the provincial branch organized communication sessions, followed by thematic meetings on various topics, always in the spirit of Claude Bernard on the transversality of knowledge. Through the visit of a portrait gallery of famous personalities, the main lines of the life of this provincial branch of Montpellier will be presented. © Société de Biologie, 2017.

Identification of the HNO3 3 nu(sub 9) - nu(sub 9) band Q branch in stratospheric solar occultation spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Perrin, A.; Flaud, J.-M.; Camy-Peyret, C.; Goldman, A.; Rinsland, C. P.; Gunson, M. R.

1994-01-01

The spectroscopic identification for the HNO3 3 nu(sub 9) - nu(sub 9) band Q branch at 830.4/cm is reported based on 0.01/cm resolution solar occultation spectra of the lower stratosphere recorded by the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Fourier transform spectrometer and a recent analysis of this band. Least-squares fits to 0.0025/cm resolution laboratory spectra in the Q branch region indicate an integrated intensity of 0.529 x 10(exp -18)/cm/mol/sq cm at 296 K for this weak band. Stratospheric HNO3 retrievals derived from the ATMOS data are consistent with this value within its estimated uncertainty of about +/- 30%. A set of spectroscopic line parameters suitable for atmospheric studies has been generated.

Mouse blood vessel imaging by in-line x-ray phase-contrast imaging

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xi; Liu, Xiao-Song; Yang, Xin-Rong; Chen, Shao-Liang; Zhu, Pei-Ping; Yuan, Qing-Xi

2008-10-01

It is virtually impossible to observe blood vessels by conventional x-ray imaging techniques without using contrast agents. In addition, such x-ray systems are typically incapable of detecting vessels with diameters less than 200 µm. Here we show that vessels as small as 30 µm could be detected using in-line phase-contrast x-ray imaging without the use of contrast agents. Image quality was greatly improved by replacing resident blood with physiological saline. Furthermore, an entire branch of the portal vein from the main axial portal vein to the eighth generation of branching could be captured in a single phase-contrast image. Prior to our work, detection of 30 µm diameter blood vessels could only be achieved using x-ray interferometry, which requires sophisticated x-ray optics. Our results thus demonstrate that in-line phase-contrast x-ray imaging, using physiological saline as a contrast agent, provides an alternative to the interferometric method that can be much more easily implemented and also offers the advantage of a larger field of view. A possible application of this methodology is in animal tumor models, where it can be used to observe tumor angiogenesis and the treatment effects of antineoplastic agents.

Serrated adenoma of the gallbladder: a case report.

PubMed

Rubio, Carlos A

2015-06-01

A case of serrated adenomatous polyp found in a cholecystectomy specimen is reported. The adenoma was built with mucosal crypts exhibiting unlocked serrations lined with up to high-grade dysplastic cells. A desmoplastic sclerotic tissue having multiple stromal hubs with branched thin spokes replaced the subjacent lamina propia, muscularis mucosae, and submucosa. The generous serrated configurations covering a multi-branched sclerotic stroma, gave the adenoma a papillary appearance. Review of the literature indicates that this appears to be the first reported case of serrated adenoma of the gallbladder. Copyright© 2015 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

Planar slot coupled microwave hybrid

DOEpatents

Petter, Jeffrey K.

1991-01-01

A symmetrical 180.degree. microwave hybrid is constructed by opening a slot line in a ground plane below a conducting strip disposed on a dielectric substrate, creating a slot coupled conductor. Difference signals propagating on the slot coupled conductor are isolated on the slot line leaving sum signals to propagate on the microstrip. The difference signal is coupled from the slot line onto a second microstrip line for transmission to a desired location. The microstrip branches in a symmetrical fashion to provide the input/output ports of the 180.degree. hybrid. The symmetry of the device provides for balance and isolation between sum and difference signals, and provides an advantageous balance between the power handling capabilities and the bandwidth of the device.

The Ice Line in Pre-Solar Protoplanetary Disks

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Davis, Sanford S.

2012-01-01

Protoplanetary disks contain abundant quantities of water molecules in both gas and solid phases. The distribution of these two phases in an evolving protoplanetary disk will have important consequences regarding water sequestration in planetary embryos. The boundary between gaseous and solid water is the "ice line" or "snow line" A simplified model that captures the complicated two-branched structure of the ice line is developed and compared with recent investigations. The effect of an evolving Sun is also included for the first time. This latter parameter could have important consequences regarding the thermodynamic state and the surface reaction environment for the time-dependent chemical reactions occurring during the 1- to 10-million-year lifetime of the pre-solar disk.

Molecular Interactions of High Energy Fuels and Jet Fuels with Oncogenic Viruses and Endogenous Viruses.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-05-01

chemicals used by the U.S. Air Force. Snyder-Theilen Feline Sarcoma Virus (ST-FeSV), quantitatively transforms human skin fibroblasts following second...Objective 1 The cell line used for this aspect of this program was Detroit 550, a human diploid skin fibroblast line from the American Type Culture...Branch of the National Cancer Institute. The results are presented herein. Materials and Methods 1. Cells. Detroit 550 human skin fibroblast (HSF) cells

Everolimus-eluting bioresorbable vascular scaffolds implanted in coronary bifurcation lesions: Impact of polymeric wide struts on side-branch impairment.

PubMed

De Paolis, Marcella; Felix, Cordula; van Ditzhuijzen, Nienke; Fam, Jiang Ming; Karanasos, Antonis; de Boer, Sanneke; van Mieghem, Nicolas M; Daemen, Joost; Costa, Francesco; Bergoli, Luis Carlos; Ligthart, Jurgen M R; Regar, Evelyn; de Jaegere, Peter P; Zijlstra, Felix; van Geuns, Robert Jan; Diletti, Roberto

2016-10-15

Limited data are available on bioresorbable vascular scaffolds (BVS) performance in bifurcations lesions and on the impact of BVS wider struts on side-branch impairment. Patients with at least one coronary bifurcation lesion involving a side-branch ≥2mm in diameter and treated with at least one BVS were examined. Procedural and angiographic data were collected and a dedicated methodology for off-line quantitative coronary angiography (QCA) in bifurcation was applied (eleven-segment model), to assess side-branch impairment occurring any time during the procedure. Two- and three-dimensional QCA were used. Optical coherence tomography (OCT) analysis was performed in a subgroup of patients and long-term clinical outcomes reported. A total of 102 patients with 107 lesions, were evaluated. Device- and procedural-successes were 99.1% and 94.3%, respectively. Side-branch impairment occurring any time during the procedure was reported in 13 bifurcations (12.1%) and at the end of the procedure in 6.5%. Side-branch minimal lumen diameter (Pre: 1.45±0.41mm vs Final: 1.48±0.42mm, p=0.587) %diameter-stenosis (Pre: 26.93±16.89% vs Final: 27.80±15.57%, p=0.904) and minimal lumen area (Pre: 1.97±0.89mm(2) vs Final: 2.17±1.09mm(2), p=0.334), were not significantly affected by BVS implantation. Mean malapposed struts at the bifurcation polygon-of-confluence were 0.63±1.11. The results of the present investigation suggest feasibility and relative safety of BVS implantation in coronary bifurcations. BVS wide struts have a low impact on side-branch impairment when considering bifurcations with side-branch diameter≥2mm. Copyright © 2016. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd.

Development and Genetic Control of Plant Architecture and Biomass in the Panicoid Grass, Setaria

PubMed Central

Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Doust, Andrew N.

2016-01-01

The architecture of a plant affects its ability to compete for light and to respond to environmental stresses, thus affecting overall fitness and productivity. Two components of architecture, branching and height, were studied in 182 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) at the vegetative, flowering and mature developmental stages in the panicoid C4 model grass system, Setaria. The RIL population was derived from a cross between domesticated S. italica (foxtail millet) and its wild relative S. viridis (green foxtail). In both field and greenhouse trials the wild parent was taller initially, started branching earlier, and flowered earlier, while the domesticated parent was shorter initially, but flowered later, producing a robust tall plant architecture with more nodes and leaves on the main culm and few or no branches. Biomass was highly correlated with height of the plant and number of nodes on the main culm, and generally showed a negative relationship with branch number. However, several of the RILs with the highest biomass in both trials were significantly more branched than the domesticated parent of the cross. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses indicate that both height and branching are controlled by multiple genetic regions, often with QTL for both traits colocalizing in the same genomic regions. Genomic positions of several QTL colocalize with QTL in syntenic regions in other species and contain genes known to control branching and height in sorghum, maize, and switchgrass. Included in these is the ortholog of the rice SD-1 semi-dwarfing gene, which underlies one of the major Setaria height QTL. Understanding the relationships between height and branching patterns in Setaria, and their genetic control, is an important step to gaining a comprehensive knowledge of the development and genetic regulation of panicoid grass architecture. PMID:26985990

Development and Genetic Control of Plant Architecture and Biomass in the Panicoid Grass, Setaria.

PubMed

Mauro-Herrera, Margarita; Doust, Andrew N

2016-01-01

The architecture of a plant affects its ability to compete for light and to respond to environmental stresses, thus affecting overall fitness and productivity. Two components of architecture, branching and height, were studied in 182 F7 recombinant inbred lines (RILs) at the vegetative, flowering and mature developmental stages in the panicoid C4 model grass system, Setaria. The RIL population was derived from a cross between domesticated S. italica (foxtail millet) and its wild relative S. viridis (green foxtail). In both field and greenhouse trials the wild parent was taller initially, started branching earlier, and flowered earlier, while the domesticated parent was shorter initially, but flowered later, producing a robust tall plant architecture with more nodes and leaves on the main culm and few or no branches. Biomass was highly correlated with height of the plant and number of nodes on the main culm, and generally showed a negative relationship with branch number. However, several of the RILs with the highest biomass in both trials were significantly more branched than the domesticated parent of the cross. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses indicate that both height and branching are controlled by multiple genetic regions, often with QTL for both traits colocalizing in the same genomic regions. Genomic positions of several QTL colocalize with QTL in syntenic regions in other species and contain genes known to control branching and height in sorghum, maize, and switchgrass. Included in these is the ortholog of the rice SD-1 semi-dwarfing gene, which underlies one of the major Setaria height QTL. Understanding the relationships between height and branching patterns in Setaria, and their genetic control, is an important step to gaining a comprehensive knowledge of the development and genetic regulation of panicoid grass architecture.

Line Mixing in Water Vapor and Methane

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Smith, M. A. H.; Brown, L. R.; Toth, R. A.; Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, Chris

2006-01-01

A multispectrum fitting algorithm has been used to identify line mixing and determine mixing parameters for infrared transitions of H2O and CH4 in the 5-9 micrometer region. Line mixing parameters at room temperature were determined for two pairs of transitions in the v2 fundamental band of H2O-16, for self-broadening and for broadening by H2, He, CO2, N2, O2 and air. Line mixing parameters have been determined from air-broadened CH4 spectra, recorded at temperatures between 210 K and 314 K, in selected R-branch manifolds of the v4 band. For both H2O and CH4, the inclusion of line mixing was seen to have a greater effect on the retrieved values of the line shifts than on the retrieved values of other parameters

Modulational Instability in a Pair of Non-identical Coupled Nonlinear Electrical Transmission Lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Eric, Tala-Tebue; Aurelien, Kenfack-Jiotsa; Marius Hervé, Tatchou-Ntemfack; Timoléon Crépin, Kofané

2013-07-01

In this work, we investigate the dynamics of modulated waves non-identical coupled nonlinear transmission lines. Traditional methods for avoiding mode mixing in identical coupled nonlinear electrical lines consist of adding the same number of linear inductors in each branch. Adding linear inductors in a single line leads to asymmetric coupled nonlinear electrical transmission lines which propagate the signal and the mode mixing. On one hand, the difference between the two lines induced the fission for only one mode of propagation. This fission is influenced by the amplitude of the signal and the amount of the input energy as well; it also narrows the width of the input pulse soliton, leading to a possible increasing of the bit rate. On the other hand, the dissymmetry of the two lines converts the network into a good amplifier for the ω_ mode which corresponds to the regime admitting low frequencies.

Lock Up Those Lines: Protecting against Phone Fraud.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schleyer, Peggy E.; Hibner, Dale V.

1996-01-01

School business officials must be aware of potential liabilities associated with Centrex and Private Branch Exchange (PBX). This article describes these systems, presents guidelines for developing a telecommunications management plan, and discusses options to limit toll fraud exposure. PBX owners should implement manufacturers' recommended…

Spaces between the Lines

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lott, Debra

2010-01-01

A variety of subject matter, including foliage, tree roots, branches, and flowering plants, provides opportunities to study spaces and shapes and offers connections to interdisciplinary study and environmental concerns in the artroom. This article presents a lesson that encourages students to investigate their local environment and take photos for…

77 FR 43721 - Western Pacific Pelagic Fisheries; Revised Swordfish Trip Limits in the Hawaii Deep-Set Longline...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-26

... 1. The authority citation for part 665 continues to read as follows: Authority: 16 U.S.C. 1801 et... length; a minimum of 15 branch lines are attached between any two floats (except basket-style longline...

An Ichor-dependent apical extracellular matrix regulates seamless tube shape and integrity

PubMed Central

Rosa, Jeffrey B.; Metzstein, Mark M.

2018-01-01

During sprouting angiogenesis in the vertebrate vascular system, and primary branching in the Drosophila tracheal system, specialized tip cells direct branch outgrowth and network formation. When tip cells lumenize, they form subcellular (seamless) tubes. How these seamless tubes are made, shaped and maintained remains poorly understood. Here we characterize a Drosophila mutant called ichor (ich), and show that ich is essential for the integrity and shape of seamless tubes in tracheal terminal cells. We find that Ich regulates seamless tubulogenesis via its role in promoting the formation of a mature apical extracellular matrix (aECM) lining the lumen of the seamless tubes. We determined that ich encodes a zinc finger protein (CG11966) that acts, as a transcriptional activator required for the expression of multiple aECM factors, including a novel membrane-anchored trypsin protease (CG8213). Thus, the integrity and shape of seamless tubes are regulated by the aECM that lines their lumens. PMID:29309404

A Reliability Comparison of Classical and Stochastic Thickness Margin Approaches to Address Material Property Uncertainties for the Orion Heat Shield

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sepka, Steve; Vander Kam, Jeremy; McGuire, Kathy

2018-01-01

The Orion Thermal Protection System (TPS) margin process uses a root-sum-square approach with branches addressing trajectory, aerothermodynamics, and material response uncertainties in ablator thickness design. The material response branch applies a bond line temperature reduction between the Avcoat ablator and EA9394 adhesive by 60 C (108 F) from its peak allowed value of 260 C (500 F). This process is known as the Bond Line Temperature Material Margin (BTMM) and is intended to cover material property and performance uncertainties. The value of 60 C (108 F) is a constant, applied at any spacecraft body location and for any trajectory. By varying only material properties in a random (monte carlo) manner, the perl-based script mcCHAR is used to investigate the confidence interval provided by the BTMM. In particular, this study will look at various locations on the Orion heat shield forebody for a guided and an abort (ballistic) trajectory.

Anatomy of vastus lateralis muscle flap.

PubMed

Tayfur, Volkan; Magden, Orhan; Edizer, Mete; Atabey, Atay

2010-11-01

A vastus lateralis muscle flap is used as a pedicled and free flap. In this study, the vastus lateralis muscles of 15 adult formalin-fixed cadavers (30 cases) were dissected. The dominant pedicle was found to be descending branch of the lateral circumflex femoral artery. The mean diameter of the artery was found to be 2.1 mm. This pedicle was located 119.4 mm distal to the pubic symphysis. The mean length of the major pedicle was found to be 56.8 mm when the dominant pedicle was chosen to nourish the flap. The dominant pedicle entered the muscle 155.8 and 213.7 mm from the greater trochanter and the anterior superior iliac spine, respectively. The muscle had proximal minor pedicles from the ascending and transverse branches of lateral circumflex femoral artery. These arteries had mean diameters of 1.8 and 2.0 mm, respectively. The distal minor branches were present in all of the dissections. The distal branch had a mean diameter of 1.8 mm. The origin of this distal branch was located 83.7 mm proximal to the intercondylar line. The motor nerve of the vastus lateralis was found to be originating from femoral nerve. The nerve entered the muscle 194.6 mm from the anterior superior iliac spine.

Brunet-Derrida Behavior of Branching-Selection Particle Systems on the Line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bérard, Jean; Gouéré, Jean-Baptiste

2010-09-01

We consider a class of branching-selection particle systems on {mathbb{R}} similar to the one considered by E. Brunet and B. Derrida in their 1997 paper “Shift in the velocity of a front due to a cutoff”. Based on numerical simulations and heuristic arguments, Brunet and Derrida showed that, as the population size N of the particle system goes to infinity, the asymptotic velocity of the system converges to a limiting value at the unexpectedly slow rate (log N)-2. In this paper, we give a rigorous mathematical proof of this fact, for the class of particle systems we consider. The proof makes use of ideas and results by R. Pemantle, and by N. Gantert, Y. Hu and Z. Shi, and relies on a comparison of the particle system with a family of N independent branching random walks killed below a linear space-time barrier.

BRANCHING PATTERNS OF INDIVIDUAL SYMPATHETIC NEURONS IN CULTURE

PubMed Central

Bray, D.

1973-01-01

The growth of single sympathetic neurons in tissue culture was examined with particular regard to the way in which the patterns of axonal or dendritic processes (here called nerve fibers), were formed. The tips of the fibers were seen to advance in straight lines and to grow at rates that did not vary appreciably with time, with their position in the cell outgrowth, or with the fiber diameter. Most of the branch points were formed by the bifurcation of a fiber tip (growth cone), apparently at random, and thereafter remained at about the same distance from the cell body. It seemed that the final shape of a neuron was the result of the reiterated and largely autonomous activities of the growth cones. The other parts of the cell played a supportive role but, apart from this, had no obvious influence on the final pattern of branches formed. PMID:4687915

Programming of the complex logarithm function in the solution of the cracked anisotropic plate loaded by a point force

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zaal, K. J. J. M.

1991-06-01

In programming solutions of complex function theory, the complex logarithm function is replaced by the complex logarithmic function, introducing a discontinuity along the branch cut into the programmed solution which was not present in the mathematical solution. Recently, Liaw and Kamel presented their solution of the infinite anisotropic centrally cracked plate loaded by an arbitrary point force, which they used as Green's function in a boundary element method intended to evaluate the stress intensity factor at the tip of a crack originating from an elliptical home. Their solution may be used as Green's function of many more numerical methods involving anisotropic elasticity. In programming applications of Liaw and Kamel's solution, the standard definition of the logarithmic function with the branch cut at the nonpositive real axis cannot provide a reliable computation of the displacement field for Liaw and Kamel's solution. Either the branch cut should be redefined outside the domain of the logarithmic function, after proving that the domain is limited to a part of the plane, or the logarithmic function should be defined on its Riemann surface. A two dimensional line fractal can provide the link between all mesh points on the plane essential to evaluate the logarithm function on its Riemann surface. As an example, a two dimensional line fractal is defined for a mesh once used by Erdogan and Arin.

Topology-induced bifurcations for the nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the tadpole graph.

PubMed

Cacciapuoti, Claudio; Finco, Domenico; Noja, Diego

2015-01-01

In this paper we give the complete classification of solitons for a cubic nonlinear Schrödinger equation on the simplest network with a nontrivial topology: the tadpole graph, i.e., a ring with a half line attached to it and free boundary conditions at the junction. This is a step toward the modelization of condensate propagation and confinement in quasi-one-dimensional traps. The model, although simple, exhibits a surprisingly rich behavior and in particular we show that it admits: (i) a denumerable family of continuous branches of embedded solitons vanishing on the half line and bifurcating from linear eigenstates and threshold resonances of the system; (ii) a continuous branch of edge solitons bifurcating from the previous families at the threshold of the continuous spectrum with a pitchfork bifurcation; and (iii) a finite family of continuous branches of solitons without linear analog. All the solutions are explicitly constructed in terms of elliptic Jacobian functions. Moreover we show that families of nonlinear bound states of the above kind continue to exist in the presence of a uniform magnetic field orthogonal to the plane of the ring when a well definite flux quantization condition holds true. In this sense the magnetic field acts as a control parameter. Finally we highlight the role of resonances in the linearization as a signature of the occurrence of bifurcations of solitons from the continuous spectrum.

An Interdigitated Coupler with Defect Ground Structure

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

branch-line coupler. In [8], DGS is used to microstrip forward-wave coupler for size–reduction. In fact, DGS have been widely used from the concept put...substantially. REFERENCE [1] Bialkowski M E, Seman N, Leong M S. Design of a compact ultra wideband 3 dB microstrip -slot coupler with high return losses and...Pozar D M. Microwave engineering. John Wiley & Sons, 2009. [4] You S J, Liao W. A multi-layer coupled-line power divider. Antennas , Propagation and EM

CW- and pulsed-EPR of carbonaceous matter in primitive meteorites: solving a lineshape paradox.

PubMed

Delpoux, Olivier; Gourier, Didier; Binet, Laurent; Vezin, Hervé; Derenne, Sylvie; Robert, François

2008-05-01

Insoluble organic matter (IOM) of Orgueil and Tagish Lake meteorites are studied by CW-EPR and pulsed-EPR spectroscopies. The EPR line is due to polycyclic paramagnetic moieties concentrated in defect-rich regions of the IOM, with concentrations of the order of 4x10(19) spin/g. CW-EPR reveals two types of paramagnetic defects: centres with S=1/2, and centres with S=0 ground state and thermally accessible triple state S=1. In spite of the Lorentzian shape of the EPR and its narrowing upon increasing the spin concentration, the EPR line is not in the exchange narrowing regime as previously deduced from multi-frequency CW-EPR [L. Binet, D. Gourier, Appl. Magn. Reson. 30 (2006) 207-231]. It is inhomogeneously broadened as demonstrated by the presence of nuclear modulations in the spin-echo decay. The line narrowing, similar to an exchange narrowing effect, is the result of an increasing contribution of the narrow line of the triplet state centres in addition to the broader line of doublet states. Hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy (HYSCORE) of hydrogen and (13)C nuclei indicates that IOM* centres are small polycyclic moieties that are moderately branched with aliphatic chains, as shown by the presence of aromatic hydrogen atoms. On the contrary the lack of such aromatic hydrogen in triplet states suggests that these radicals are most probably highly branched. Paramagnetic centres are considerably enriched in deuterium, with D/H approximately 1.5+/-0.5x10(-2) of the order of values existing in interstellar medium.

50 CFR 665.800 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND ATMOSPHERIC ADMINISTRATION...-style longline gear means a type of longline gear that is divided into units called “baskets” each... 15 branch lines between any two floats (except basket-style longline gear which may have as few as 10...

Relationships between starch synthase I and branching enzyme isozymes determined using double mutant rice lines

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Starch is the most important carbohydrate in plant storage tissues. Multiple isozymes in at least four enzyme classes are involved in starch biosynthesis. Some of these isozymes are thought to interact and form complexes for efficient starch biosynthesis. Of these enzyme classes, starch synthases (SSs) and branching enzymes (BEs) play particularly central roles. Results We generated double mutant lines (ss1/be1 and ss1 L /be2b) between SSI (the largest component of total soluble SS activity) and BEI or BEIIb (major BEs in developing rice endosperm) to explore the relationships among these isozymes. The seed weight of ss1/be1 was comparable to that of wild type, although most ss1/be2b seeds were sterile and no double recessive plants were obtained. The seed weight of the double recessive mutant line ss1 L /be2b, derived from the leaky ss1 mutant (ss1 L ) and be2b, was higher than that of the single be2b mutant. Analyses of the chain-length distribution of amylopectin in ss1/be1 endosperm revealed additive effects of SSI and BEI on amylopectin structure. Chain-length analysis indicated that the BEIIb deficiency significantly reduced the ratio of short chains in amylopectin of ss1 L /be2b. The amylose content of endosperm starch of ss1/be1 and ss1 L /be2b was almost the same as that of wild type, whereas the endosperm starch of be2b contained more amylose than did that of wild type. SSI, BEI, and BEIIb deficiency also affected the extent of binding of other isozymes to starch granules. Conclusions Analysis of the chain-length distribution in amylopectin of the double mutant lines showed that SSI and BEI or BEIIb primarily function independently, and branching by BEIIb is followed by SSI chain elongation. The increased amylose content in be2b was because of reduced amylopectin biosynthesis; however, the lower SSI activity in this background may have enhanced amylopectin biosynthesis as a result of a correction of imbalance between the branching and elongation found in the single mutant. The fact that a deficiency of SSI, BEI, or BEIIb affected the affinity of other starch biosynthetic isozymes for the starch granule implies that there is a close interaction among SSI, BEI and BEIIb during amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm. PMID:24670252

Relationships between starch synthase I and branching enzyme isozymes determined using double mutant rice lines.

PubMed

Abe, Natsuko; Asai, Hiroki; Yago, Hikari; Oitome, Naoko F; Itoh, Rumiko; Crofts, Naoko; Nakamura, Yasunori; Fujita, Naoko

2014-03-26

Starch is the most important carbohydrate in plant storage tissues. Multiple isozymes in at least four enzyme classes are involved in starch biosynthesis. Some of these isozymes are thought to interact and form complexes for efficient starch biosynthesis. Of these enzyme classes, starch synthases (SSs) and branching enzymes (BEs) play particularly central roles. We generated double mutant lines (ss1/be1 and ss1L/be2b) between SSI (the largest component of total soluble SS activity) and BEI or BEIIb (major BEs in developing rice endosperm) to explore the relationships among these isozymes. The seed weight of ss1/be1 was comparable to that of wild type, although most ss1/be2b seeds were sterile and no double recessive plants were obtained. The seed weight of the double recessive mutant line ss1L/be2b, derived from the leaky ss1 mutant (ss1L) and be2b, was higher than that of the single be2b mutant. Analyses of the chain-length distribution of amylopectin in ss1/be1 endosperm revealed additive effects of SSI and BEI on amylopectin structure. Chain-length analysis indicated that the BEIIb deficiency significantly reduced the ratio of short chains in amylopectin of ss1L/be2b. The amylose content of endosperm starch of ss1/be1 and ss1L/be2b was almost the same as that of wild type, whereas the endosperm starch of be2b contained more amylose than did that of wild type. SSI, BEI, and BEIIb deficiency also affected the extent of binding of other isozymes to starch granules. Analysis of the chain-length distribution in amylopectin of the double mutant lines showed that SSI and BEI or BEIIb primarily function independently, and branching by BEIIb is followed by SSI chain elongation. The increased amylose content in be2b was because of reduced amylopectin biosynthesis; however, the lower SSI activity in this background may have enhanced amylopectin biosynthesis as a result of a correction of imbalance between the branching and elongation found in the single mutant. The fact that a deficiency of SSI, BEI, or BEIIb affected the affinity of other starch biosynthetic isozymes for the starch granule implies that there is a close interaction among SSI, BEI and BEIIb during amylopectin biosynthesis in rice endosperm.

Chameleon's behavior of modulable nonlinear electrical transmission line

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Togueu Motcheyo, A. B.; Tchinang Tchameu, J. D.; Fewo, S. I.; Tchawoua, C.; Kofane, T. C.

2017-12-01

We show that modulable discrete nonlinear transmission line can adopt Chameleon's behavior due to the fact that, without changing its appearance structure, it can become alternatively purely right or left handed line which is different to the composite one. Using a quasidiscrete approximation, we derive a nonlinear Schrödinger equation, that predicts accurately the carrier frequency threshold from the linear analysis. It appears that the increasing of the linear capacitor in parallel in the series branch induced the selectivity of the filter in the right-handed region while it increases band pass filter in the left-handed region. Numerical simulations of the nonlinear model confirm the forward wave in the right handed line and the backward wave in the left handed one.

Relative spectral response calibration using Ti plasma lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Teng, FEI; Congyuan, PAN; Qiang, ZENG; Qiuping, WANG; Xuewei, DU

2018-04-01

This work introduces the branching ratio (BR) method for determining relative spectral responses, which are needed routinely in laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS). Neutral and singly ionized Ti lines in the 250–498 nm spectral range are investigated by measuring laser-induced micro plasma near a Ti plate and used to calculate the relative spectral response of an entire LIBS detection system. The results are compared with those of the conventional relative spectral response calibration method using a tungsten halogen lamp, and certain lines available for the BR method are selected. The study supports the common manner of using BRs to calibrate the detection system in LIBS setups.

Comment on linewidths and shifts in the Stokes-Raman Q branch of D2 in He

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Green, Sheldon; Blackmore, Robert; Monchick, Louis

1989-01-01

Collision-induced widths and shifts for Raman Q-branch transitions of D2 in He were calculated from S matrices obtained with converged close coupling scattering calculations on an accurate theoretical interaction potential. Results agree well with experimental values. Discrepancies between experimental line shifts and theoretical values from an earlier study (Blackmore et al., 1988) are traced to a computational error in that work. The effects of vibrational inelasticity and of centrifugal distortion on energy levels and on potential matrix elements, all of which were ignored in the earlier study, are explicitly considered here and found to be small.

21. 1934 aerial of Tempe Canal, Sections 19 and 30 ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

21. 1934 aerial of Tempe Canal, Sections 19 and 30 (T1N R5E) and Sections 24 and 25 (T1N R4E) (top of page is north). The main canal enters the picture at upper right and curves out of picture at lower right. The Hayden Branch (thin dark line) runs from top of picture to the southwest, then curves to the west. The Western Branch enters picture running parallel to main canal, then angles off to southwest. Photographer: Unknown, 1934. Source: SRP Cartographic Drafting - Tempe Canal, South Side Salt River in Tempe, Mesa & Phoenix, Tempe, Maricopa County, AZ

The role of lines and corners of geometric figures in recognition performance.

PubMed

Shevelev, Igor A; Kamenkovich, Viktorina M; Sharaev, George A

2003-01-01

A relative role of lines and corners of images of outline geometric figures in recognition performance was studied psychophysically. Probability of correct response to the shape of the whole figure (control) and figures with lines or corners masked to a different extent was compared. Increase in the extent of masking resulted in a drop of recognition performance that was significantly lower for figures without corners, than for figures without part of their lines. The whole 3D figures were recognized better than 2D ones, whereas the opposite relations were observed under conditions of masking. Significant gender difference in a recognition performance was found: men recognize entire and partly masked figures better than women. Possible mechanisms of relatively better recognition of figures with corners than with lines are discussed in connection with finding of high sensitivity of many neurons in the primary visual cortex to line crossing and branching.

Measurement and computations of line shape parameters for the 12201 ← 03301, 11101 ← 10002 and 12201 ← 11102 self-broadened CO2 Q-branches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al Mashwood, Abdullah; Predoi-Cross, Adriana; Devi, V. Malathy; Rozario, Hoimonti; Billinghurst, Brant

2018-06-01

Pure CO2 spectra recorded at room temperature and different pressures (0.2-140 Torr) have been analyzed with the help of a fitting routine that takes into account asymmetries arising in the spectral lines due to pressure induced effects such as line mixing. The fitting procedure used in this study allows one to adjust the ro-vibrational constants for the band rather than fitting for individual line parameters. These constrained parameters greatly reduce the measurement uncertainties and allow us to observe the behavior of the weak lines corresponding to high J quantum numbers. We have also calculated line mixing parameters using approximations based on exponential nature of the energy difference between ground and upper vibrational states involved in the ro-vibrational band transitions. The calculated results show good agreement when compared with the experimentally determined parameters.

Measurements of pressure-broadening coefficients of NO and O3 using a computerized tunable diode laser spectrometer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lundqvist, S.; Margolis, J.; Reid, J.

1982-01-01

Foreign-gas broadening coefficients have been measured for selected lines of ozone in the 9.2 micron region and for several R-branch lines of nitric oxide in the 5.4 micron region using a computerized tunable diode laser spectrometer. The data analysis showed the importance of fitting a Lorentzian line shape out to several times the halfwidth to obtain a correct value of the broadening coefficient. The measured broadening coefficients of nitric oxide were in good agreement with those obtained by Abels and Shaw (1966). The results of the analysis of eleven lines in the v-1 band and five lines in the v-3 band of ozone show a transition-dependent broadening coefficient. The average value of the foreign-gas broadening ceofficients for the measured v-1 and v-3 lines are 0.075 and 0.073 per cm per atm, respectively.

13. Readville Station (destroyed by fire in June 1983) and ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

13. Readville Station (destroyed by fire in June 1983) and the Franklin Branch Bridge crossing the Northeast Corridor to the right. Readville, Suffolk Co., MA. Sec. 4116, MP 219.41. - Northeast Railroad Corridor, Amtrak Route between RI/MA State Line & South Station, Boston, Suffolk County, MA

30 CFR 75.1000 - Cutout switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cutout switches. 75.1000 Section 75.1000... switches. [Statutory Provisions] Trolley wires and trolley feeder wires, shall be provided with cutout switches at intervals of not more than 2,000 feet and near the beginning of all branch lines. ...

30 CFR 75.1000 - Cutout switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cutout switches. 75.1000 Section 75.1000... switches. [Statutory Provisions] Trolley wires and trolley feeder wires, shall be provided with cutout switches at intervals of not more than 2,000 feet and near the beginning of all branch lines. ...

30 CFR 75.1000 - Cutout switches.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cutout switches. 75.1000 Section 75.1000... switches. [Statutory Provisions] Trolley wires and trolley feeder wires, shall be provided with cutout switches at intervals of not more than 2,000 feet and near the beginning of all branch lines. ...

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on that... of a fishing trip during which the prohibitions were put into effect as announced under paragraph (e...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on that... of a fishing trip during which the prohibitions were put into effect as announced under paragraph (e...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

50 CFR 660.720 - Interim protection for sea turtles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

....720 Section 660.720 Wildlife and Fisheries FISHERY CONSERVATION AND MANAGEMENT, NATIONAL OCEANIC AND...° N. lat.). (4) Fail to employ basket-style longline gear such that the mainline is deployed slack... 15 branch lines may be set between any two floats. Vessel operators using basket-style longline gear...

76 FR 53123 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Comment Request on Two Information...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-08-25

... at least 25 percent (measured on an average monthly basis) of the water withdrawn for cooling... subject line) Mail: Water Docket, Environmental Protection Agency, Mailcode: 4101T, 1200 Pennsylvania Ave... . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Amelia Letnes, State and Regional Branch, Water Permits Division, OWM...

Real-time alkali monitoring system

DOEpatents

Goff, David R.; Romanosky, Robert R.; Hensel, Peter

1990-01-01

A fiber optics based optical emission line monitoring system is provided in which selected spectral emission lines, such as the sodium emission line, may be detected in the presence of interfering background radiation. A combustion flame is fed by a diverted portion of a process stream and the common end of a bifurcated or quadfurcated fiber optic light guide is adapted to collect light from the flame. The light is guided through the branches of the fiber optic cable to bandpass filters, one of which is adapted to each of the branches of the fiber optic light guide. The bandpass filters are centered at wavelengths corresponding to the emission lines to be detected and two separate filters are required for each species being detected. The first filter has a bandwidth of about 3 nms and the second filter has a bandwidth of about 10 nms. Light detectors are located to view the light passing through the bandpass filters and amplifiers are connected to receive signals from the light detectors. The amplifier corresponding to the bandpass filter having the narrower bandwidth is preset to scale the signal by a factor equal to the ratio of the wide and narrow bandwidths of the bandpass filters. This scaling produces a scaled signal from which the difference between the scaled signal on the other signal can be calculated to produce a signal having an amplitude directly proportional to the concentration of the species of interest and independent of background radiation.

Spectrum syntheses of high-resolution integrated light spectra of Galactic globular clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sakari, Charli M.; Shetrone, Matthew; Venn, Kim; McWilliam, Andrew; Dotter, Aaron

2013-09-01

Spectrum syntheses for three elements (Mg, Na and Eu) in high-resolution integrated light spectra of the Galactic globular clusters 47 Tuc, M3, M13, NGC 7006 and M15 are presented, along with calibration syntheses of the solar and Arcturus spectra. Iron abundances in the target clusters are also derived from integrated light equivalent width analyses. Line profiles in the spectra of these five globular clusters are well fitted after careful consideration of the atomic and molecular spectral features, providing levels of precision that are better than equivalent width analyses of the same integrated light spectra, and that are comparable to the precision in individual stellar analyses. The integrated light abundances from the 5528 and 5711 Å Mg I lines, the 6154 and 6160 Å Na I lines, and the 6645 Å Eu II line fall within the observed ranges from individual stars; however, these integrated light abundances do not always agree with the average literature abundances. Tests with the second parameter clusters M3, M13 and NGC 7006 show that assuming an incorrect horizontal branch morphology is likely to have only a small ( ≲ 0.06 dex) effect on these Mg, Na and Eu abundances. These tests therefore show that integrated light spectrum syntheses can be applied to unresolved globular clusters over a wide range of metallicities and horizontal branch morphologies. Such high precision in integrated light spectrum syntheses is valuable for interpreting the chemical abundances of globular cluster systems around other galaxies.

ADAPT

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Reynolds, John; Jankovsky, Zachary; Metzroth, Kyle G

2018-04-04

The purpose of the ADAPT code is to generate Dynamic Event Trees (DET) using a user specified set of simulators. ADAPT can utilize any simulation tool which meets a minimal set of requirements. ADAPT is based on the concept of DET which uses explicit modeling of the deterministic dynamic processes that take place during a nuclear reactor plant system (or other complex system) evolution along with stochastic modeling. When DET are used to model various aspects of Probabilistic Risk Assessment (PRA), all accident progression scenarios starting from an initiating event are considered simultaneously. The DET branching occurs at user specifiedmore » times and/or when an action is required by the system and/or the operator. These outcomes then decide how the dynamic system variables will evolve in time for each DET branch. Since two different outcomes at a DET branching may lead to completely different paths for system evolution, the next branching for these paths may occur not only at separate times, but can be based on different branching criteria. The computational infrastructure allows for flexibility in ADAPT to link with different system simulation codes, parallel processing of the scenarios under consideration, on-line scenario management (initiation as well as termination), analysis of results, and user friendly graphical capabilities. The ADAPT system is designed for a distributed computing environment; the scheduler can track multiple concurrent branches simultaneously. The scheduler is modularized so that the DET branching strategy can be modified (e.g. biasing towards the worst-case scenario/event). Independent database systems store data from the simulation tasks and the DET structure so that the event tree can be constructed and analyzed later. ADAPT is provided with a user-friendly client which can easily sort through and display the results of an experiment, precluding the need for the user to manually inspect individual simulator runs.« less

WIYN Open Cluster Study. LXXVI. Li Evolution Among Stars of Low/Intermediate Mass: The Metal-deficient Open Cluster NGC 2506

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anthony-Twarog, Barbara J.; Lee-Brown, Donald B.; Deliyannis, Constantine P.; Twarog, Bruce A.

2018-03-01

HYDRA spectra of 287 stars in the field of NGC 2506 from the turnoff through the giant branch are analyzed. With previous data, 22 are identified as probable binaries; 90 more are classified as potential non-members. Spectroscopic analyses of ∼60 red giants and slowly rotating turnoff stars using line equivalent widths and a neural network approach lead to [Fe/H] = ‑0.27 ± 0.07 (s.d.) and [Fe/H] = ‑0.27 ± 0.06 (s.d.), respectively. Li abundances are derived for 145 probable single-star members, 44 being upper limits. Among turnoff stars outside the Li-dip, A(Li) = 3.04 ± 0.16 (s.d.), with no trend with color, luminosity, or rotation speed. Evolving from the turnoff across the subgiant branch, there is a well-delineated decline to A(Li) ∼1.25 at the giant branch base, coupled with the rotational spindown from between ∼20 and 70 km s‑1 to less than 20 km s‑1 for stars entering the subgiant branch and beyond. A(Li) remains effectively constant from the giant branch base to the red giant clump level. A new member above the clump redefines the path of the first-ascent red giant branch; its Li is 0.6 dex below the first-ascent red giants. With one exception, all post-He-flash stars have upper limits to A(Li), at or below the level of the brightest first-ascent red giant. The patterns are in excellent qualitative agreement with the model predictions for low/intermediate-mass stars which undergo rotation-induced mixing at the turnoff and subgiant branch, first dredge-up, and thermohaline mixing beyond the red giant bump.

Non-Markovian near-infrared Q branch of HCl diluted in liquid Ar.

PubMed

Padilla, Antonio; Pérez, Justo

2013-08-28

By using a non-Markovian spectral theory based in the Kubo cumulant expansion technique, we have qualitatively studied the infrared Q branch observed in the fundamental absorption band of HCl diluted in liquid Ar. The statistical parameters of the anisotropic interaction present in this spectral theory were calculated by means of molecular dynamics techniques, and found that the values of the anisotropic correlation times are significantly greater (by a factor of two) than those previously obtained by fitting procedures or microscopic cell models. This fact is decisive for the observation in the theoretical spectral band of a central Q resonance which is absent in the abundant previous researches carried out with the usual theories based in Kubo cumulant expansion techniques. Although the theory used in this work only allows a qualitative study of the Q branch, we can employ it to study the unknown characteristics of the Q resonance which are difficult to obtain with the quantum simulation techniques recently developed. For example, in this study we have found that the Q branch is basically a non-Markovian (or memory) effect produced by the spectral line interferences, where the PR interferential profile basically determines the Q branch spectral shape. Furthermore, we have found that the Q resonance is principally generated by the first rotational states of the first two vibrational levels, those more affected by the action of the dissolvent.

The potential complications of open carpal tunnel release surgery to the ulnar neurovascular bundle and its branches: A cadaveric study.

PubMed

Boughton, O; Adds, P J; Jayasinghe, J A P

2010-07-01

This study investigated the ulnar artery and the ulnar nerve and its branches in the palm to assess how frequently they may be at risk of damage during open carpal tunnel release surgery. Twenty-one formalin-embalmed cadaveric hands were dissected, and the proximity of the ulnar neurovascular bundle to two different lines of incision, the 3rd and 4th interdigital web space axis and the ring finger axis, was assessed and compared. It was found that an incision in the latter (ring finger) axis put the ulnar artery at risk in 12 of 21 specimens, whereas an incision in the former axis (3rd/4th interdigital web space) put the ulnar artery at risk in only two specimens. In 15 hands at least one structure (the ulnar artery or a branch of the ulnar nerve) was at risk in the ring finger axis compared to only seven hands in the axis of the 3rd/4th interdigital web space. We conclude that the ulnar artery and branches of the ulnar nerve are at increased risk of damage with an incision in the axis of the ring finger. The importance of using a blunt dissection technique under direct vision during surgery to identify and preserve these structures and median nerve branches is emphasized. (c) 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Phonon spectra and the one-phonon and two-phonon densities of states of UO2 and PuO2

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poplavnoi, A. S.; Fedorova, T. P.; Fedorov, I. A.

2017-04-01

The vibrational spectra of uranium dioxide UO2 and plutonium dioxide PuO2, as well as the one-phonon densities of states and thermal occupation number weighted two-phonon densities of states, have been calculated within the framework of the phenomenological rigid ion model. It has been shown that the acoustic and optical branches of the spectra are predominantly determined by vibrations of the metal and oxygen atoms, respectively, because the atomic masses of the metal and oxygen differ from each other by an order of magnitude. On this basis, the vibrational spectra can be represented in two Brillouin zones, i.e., in the Brillouin zone of the crystal and the Brillouin zone of the oxygen sublattice. In this case, the number of optical branches decreases by a factor of two. The two-phonon densities of states consist of two broad structured peaks. The temperature dependences of the upper peak exhibit a thermal broadening of the phonon lines L01 and L02 in the upper part of the optical branches. The lower peak is responsible for the thermal broadening of the lowest two optical (T02, T01) and acoustic (LA, TA) branches.

Epidemiological modeling in a branching population. Particular case of a general SIS model with two age classes.

PubMed

Jacob, C; Viet, A F

2003-03-01

This paper covers the elaboration of a general class of multitype branching processes for modeling in a branching population, the evolution of a disease with horizontal and vertical transmissions. When the size of the population may tend to infinity, normalization must be carried out. As the initial size tends to infinity, the normalized model converges a.s. to a dynamical system the solution of which is the probability law of the state of health for an individual ancestors line. The focal point of this study concerns the transient and asymptotical behaviors of a SIS model with two age classes in a branching population. We will compare the asymptotical probability of extinction on the scale of a finite population and on the scale of an individual in an infinite population: when the rates of transmission are small compared to the rate of renewing the population of susceptibles, the two models lead to a.s. extinction, giving consistent results, which no longer applies to the opposite situation of important transmissions. In that case the size of the population plays a crucial role in the spreading of the disease.

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 Regulates Inflorescence Architecture and Development in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum)[OPEN

PubMed Central

Greenwood, Julian R.; Bencivenga, Stefano; Cockram, James; Cavanagh, Colin; Swain, Steve M.

2018-01-01

The flowers of major cereals are arranged on reproductive branches known as spikelets, which group together to form an inflorescence. Diversity for inflorescence architecture has been exploited during domestication to increase crop yields, and genetic variation for this trait has potential to further boost grain production. Multiple genes that regulate inflorescence architecture have been identified by studying alleles that modify gene activity or dosage; however, little is known in wheat. Here, we show TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 (TB1) regulates inflorescence architecture in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum) by investigating lines that display a form of inflorescence branching known as “paired spikelets.” We show that TB1 interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T1 and that increased dosage of TB1 alters inflorescence architecture and growth rate in a process that includes reduced expression of meristem identity genes, with allelic diversity for TB1 found to associate genetically with paired spikelet development in modern cultivars. We propose TB1 coordinates formation of axillary spikelets during the vegetative to floral transition and that alleles known to modify dosage or function of TB1 could help increase wheat yields. PMID:29444813

TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 Regulates Inflorescence Architecture and Development in Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum).

PubMed

Dixon, Laura E; Greenwood, Julian R; Bencivenga, Stefano; Zhang, Peng; Cockram, James; Mellers, Gregory; Ramm, Kerrie; Cavanagh, Colin; Swain, Steve M; Boden, Scott A

2018-03-01

The flowers of major cereals are arranged on reproductive branches known as spikelets, which group together to form an inflorescence. Diversity for inflorescence architecture has been exploited during domestication to increase crop yields, and genetic variation for this trait has potential to further boost grain production. Multiple genes that regulate inflorescence architecture have been identified by studying alleles that modify gene activity or dosage; however, little is known in wheat. Here, we show TEOSINTE BRANCHED1 ( TB1 ) regulates inflorescence architecture in bread wheat ( Triticum aestivum ) by investigating lines that display a form of inflorescence branching known as "paired spikelets." We show that TB1 interacts with FLOWERING LOCUS T1 and that increased dosage of TB1 alters inflorescence architecture and growth rate in a process that includes reduced expression of meristem identity genes, with allelic diversity for TB1 found to associate genetically with paired spikelet development in modern cultivars. We propose TB1 coordinates formation of axillary spikelets during the vegetative to floral transition and that alleles known to modify dosage or function of TB1 could help increase wheat yields. © 2018 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.

Genetic variability and heritability on Kipas Putih soybean mutant lines using gamma rays irradiation (M3 generation)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nilahayati; Rosmayati; Hanafiah, D. S.; Harahap, F.

2018-02-01

The objective of the research was to determine the selection criteria in Kipas Putih Soybean with gamma rays irradiation in M3 generation. In this study there are four populations namely population 0 Gray (control), 100 Gray, 200 Gray and 300 Gray. The results showed that high genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV) was obtained on the number of pods and seed weight per plant in population 200 Gy, number of branches on 100 Gy and 300 Gy, number of pods and seed weight per plants 100 and 200 Gy, moderate GCV in number of branches on 100 and 300 Gy while other characters such as plant height, numbers of branches on 200 Gy, flowering and harvest age have narrow GCV criteria. High heritability values are found in 300 Gy on plant height, number of branches 300 Gy, number of pods and seed weight per plant 200 Gy, days to flower 200 Gy and 300 Gy and days to harvest of all doses. Based on the genetic variabiliy and heritability, characters that can be used as selection criteria in this study is number of pods and seeds weight per plant, days to flower and days to harvest.

Applied imaging at the NASA Lewis Research Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slater, Howard A.; Owens, Jay C.

1993-01-01

NASA Lewis Research Center in Cleveland, Ohio has just completed the celebration of its 50th anniversary. `During the past 50 years, Lewis helped win World War II, made jet aircraft safer and more efficient, helped Americans land on the Moon ... and engaged in the type of fundamental research that benefits all of us in our daily lives.' As part of the center's long history, the Photographic and Printing Branch has continued to develop and meet the center's research imaging requirements. As imaging systems continue to advance and researchers more clearly understand the power of imaging, investigators are relying more and more on imaging systems to meet program objectives. Today, the Photographic and Printing Branch supports a research community of over 5,000 including advocacy for NASA Headquarters and other government agencies. Complete classified and unclassified imaging services include high- speed image acquisition, technical film and video documentaries, still imaging, and conventional and unconventional photofinishing operations. These are the foundation of the branch's modern support function. This paper provides an overview of the varied applied imaging programs managed by the Photographic and Printing Branch. Emphasis is placed on recent imaging projects including icing research, space experiments, and an on-line image archive.

THE MICROWAVE SPECTROSCOPY OF METHYL FORMATE IN THE SECOND TORSIONAL EXCITED STATE

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kobayashi, Kaori; Takamura, Kazunori; Sakai, Yusuke

2013-03-01

The cis-methyl formate molecule is a well known molecule found in interstellar space. Recently, rotational lines of methyl formate in the first CH{sub 3} torsional excited state were observed in Orion KL and W51e2. It is quite natural to observe methyl formate in even higher vibrational states considering the temperature estimated in Orion KL and W51e2. Maeda et al. reported results on the laboratory spectroscopy of methyl formate including the spectral analysis in its second CH{sub 3} torsional state. Their assignments were limited to a series of a-type R-branch lines and low K{sub a} b-type R-branch transitions, and many assignedmore » lines are excluded in the least-squares analysis. In the present study, we extended the line assignments of both the A- and E-species transitions in the second CH{sub 3} torsional state especially in the frequency region below the 120 GHz region. By combining the present assignments and those made by Maeda et al., 1951 transitions in total for the second CH{sub 3} torsional state, 1096 A-species transitions up to J = 39, and K{sub a} = 15 and 855 E-species transitions up to J = 35 and K{sub a} = 13, were least-squares analyzed by using the pseudo-principal-axis-method Hamiltonian with 42 parameters consisting of rotational, centrifugal distortion, and internal rotational constants in the second CH{sub 3} torsional state. In addition, 1012 transitions out of 1096 A-species transitions could also be least-squares analyzed by using Watson's A-reduced Hamiltonian with 43 parameters, which can serve to calculate the energy levels of the A-species lines of molecules with the CH{sub 3} internal rotation conveniently.« less

Variation in Adult Plant Phenotypes and Partitioning among Seed and Stem-Borne Roots across Brachypodium distachyon Accessions to Exploit in Breeding Cereals for Well-Watered and Drought Environments.

PubMed

Chochois, Vincent; Vogel, John P; Rebetzke, Gregory J; Watt, Michelle

2015-07-01

Seedling roots enable plant establishment. Their small phenotypes are measured routinely. Adult root systems are relevant to yield and efficiency, but phenotyping is challenging. Root length exceeds the volume of most pots. Field studies measure partial adult root systems through coring or use seedling roots as adult surrogates. Here, we phenotyped 79 diverse lines of the small grass model Brachypodium distachyon to adults in 50-cm-long tubes of soil with irrigation; a subset of 16 lines was droughted. Variation was large (total biomass, ×8; total root length [TRL], ×10; and root mass ratio, ×6), repeatable, and attributable to genetic factors (heritabilities ranged from approximately 50% for root growth to 82% for partitioning phenotypes). Lines were dissected into seed-borne tissues (stem and primary seminal axile roots) and stem-borne tissues (tillers and coleoptile and leaf node axile roots) plus branch roots. All lines developed one seminal root that varied, with branch roots, from 31% to 90% of TRL in the well-watered condition. With drought, 100% of TRL was seminal, regardless of line because nodal roots were almost always inhibited in drying topsoil. Irrigation stimulated nodal roots depending on genotype. Shoot size and tillers correlated positively with roots with irrigation, but partitioning depended on genotype and was plastic with drought. Adult root systems of B. distachyon have genetic variation to exploit to increase cereal yields through genes associated with partitioning among roots and their responsiveness to irrigation. Whole-plant phenotypes could enhance gain for droughted environments because root and shoot traits are coselected. © 2015 American Society of Plant Biologists. All Rights Reserved.

Measurement and Simulation of Spontaneous Raman Scattering Spectra in High-Pressure, Fuel-Rich H2-Air Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kojima, Jun; Nguyen, Quang-Viet

2003-01-01

Rotational vibrational spontaneous Raman spectra (SRS) of H2, N2, and H2O have been measured in H2-air flames at pressures up to 30 atm as a first stem towards establishing a comprehensive Raman spectral database for temperatures and species in high-pressure combustion. A newly developed high-pressure burner facility provides steady, reproducible flames with a high degree of flow precision. We have obtained an initial set of measurements that indicate the spectra are of sufficient quality in terms of spectral resolution, wavelength coverage, and signal-to-noise ratio for use in future reference standards. The fully resolved Stokes and anti-Stokes shifted SRS spectra were collected in the visible wavelength range (400-700 nm) using pulse-stretched 532 nm excitation and a non-intensified CCD spectrograph with a high-speed shutter. Reasonable temperatures were determined via the intensity distribution of rotational H2 lines at stoichiometry and fuel-rich conditions. Theoretical Raman spectra of H2 were computed using a semi-classical harmonic-oscillator model with recent pressure broadening data and were compared with experimental results. The data and simulation indicated that high-J rotational lines of H2 might interfere with the N2 vibrational Q-branch lines, and this could lead to errors in N2-Raman thermometry based on the line-fitting method. From a comparison of N2 Q-branch spectra in lean H2 low-pressure (1.2 atm) and high-pressure (30 atm) flames, we found no significant line-narrowing or -broadening effects at the current spectrometer resolution of 0.04 nm.

Improved Co I log(gf) & hfs data and Abundance Determinations in the Photospheres of the Sun & Metal-poor Star HD 84937

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawler, James E.; Sneden, Chris; Cowan, John J.

2016-01-01

New emission branching fraction measurements for 898 lines of the first spectrum of cobalt (Co I) from hollow cathode lamp spectra recorded with a 1m Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) and a high resolution echelle spectrometer are reported. Radiative lifetimes from laser induced fluorescence measurements are combined with the branching fractions to determine accurate log(gf)s for the 898 lines. Selected published hyperfine structure (hfs) constants for levels of neutral Co are used to generate complete hfs component patterns for 195 transitions of Co I. These new laboratory data are applied to determine the Co abundance in the Sun and metal-poor star HD 84937, yielding log eps(Co) = 4.955 ± 0.007 (sigma = 0.059) based on 82 Co I lines and log eps(Co) = 2.785 ± 0.008 (sigma = 0.065) based on 66 Co I lines respectively. A Saha balance test on the photosphere of HD 84937 is performed using 16 UV lines of Co II, and good agreement is found with the Co I result in this metal-poor ([Fe I /H] = -2.32, [Fe II /H] = -2.32) dwarf star. The resulting value of [Co/Fe] = +0.14 supports a rise of Co/Fe at low metallicity that has been suggested in other studies. These new Co I data are part of a continuing effort to explore the limits of 1D/LTE photospheric models in metal-poor stars and to determine the relative abundance of Fe-group elements at low metallicity. This work is supported in part by NASA grant NNX10AN93G (J.E.L.), by NSF grant AST-1211055 (J.E.L.), and by NSF grant AST-1211585 (C.S.).

On the cost of approximating and recognizing a noise perturbed straight line or a quadratic curve segment in the plane. [central processing units

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cooper, D. B.; Yalabik, N.

1975-01-01

Approximation of noisy data in the plane by straight lines or elliptic or single-branch hyperbolic curve segments arises in pattern recognition, data compaction, and other problems. The efficient search for and approximation of data by such curves were examined. Recursive least-squares linear curve-fitting was used, and ellipses and hyperbolas are parameterized as quadratic functions in x and y. The error minimized by the algorithm is interpreted, and central processing unit (CPU) times for estimating parameters for fitting straight lines and quadratic curves were determined and compared. CPU time for data search was also determined for the case of straight line fitting. Quadratic curve fitting is shown to require about six times as much CPU time as does straight line fitting, and curves relating CPU time and fitting error were determined for straight line fitting. Results are derived on early sequential determination of whether or not the underlying curve is a straight line.

Ka-Band Waveguide Two-Way Hybrid Combiner for MMIC Amplifiers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Simons, Rainee N.; Chevalier, Christine T.; Wintucky, Edwin G.; Freeman, Jon C.

2010-01-01

The design, simulation, and characterization of a novel Ka-band (32.05 0.25 GHz) rectangular waveguide two-way branch-line hybrid unequal power combiner (with port impedances matched to that of a standard WR-28 waveguide) has been created to combine input signals, which are in phase and with an amplitude ratio of two. The measured return loss and isolation of the branch-line hybrid are better than 22 and 27 dB, respectively. The measured combining efficiency is 92.9 percent at the center frequency of 32.05 GHz. This circuit is efficacious in combining the unequal output power from two Ka-band GaAs pseudomorphic high electron mobility transistor (pHEMT) monolithic microwave integrated circuit (MMIC) power amplifiers (PAs) with high efficiency. The component parts include the branch-line hybrid-based power combiner and the MMIC-based PAs. A two-way branch-line hybrid is a four-port device with all ports matched; power entering port 1 is divided in phase, and into the ratio 2:1 between ports 3 and 4. No power is coupled to port 2. MMICs are a type of integrated circuit fabricated on GaAs that operates at microwave frequencies, and performs the function of signal amplification. The power combiner is designed to operate over the frequency band of 31.8 to 32.3 GHz, which is NASA's deep space frequency band. The power combiner would have an output return loss better than 20 dB. Isolation between the output port and the isolated port is greater than 25 dB. Isolation between the two input ports is greater than 25 dB. The combining efficiency would be greater than 90 percent when the ratio of the two input power levels is two. The power combiner is machined from aluminum with E-plane split-block arrangement, and has excellent reliability. The flexibility of this design allows the combiner to be customized for combining the power from MMIC PAs with an arbitrary power output ratio. In addition, it allows combining a low-power GaAs MMIC with a high-power GaN MMIC. The arbitrary port impedance allows matching the output impedance of the MMIC PA directly to the waveguide impedance without transitioning first into a transmission line with characteristic impedance of 50 ohms. Thus, by eliminating the losses associated with a transition, the overall SSPA efficiency is enhanced. For reducing the cost and weight when required in very large quantities, such as in the beam-forming networks of phased-array antenna systems, the combiner can be manufactured using metal-plated plastic. Two hybrid unequal power combiners can be cascaded to realize a non-binary combiner (for e.g., a three-way) and can be synergistically optimized for low VSWR (voltage standing wave ratio), low insertion loss, high isolation, and wide bandwidth using commercial off-the-shelf electromagnetic software design tools.

Building blocks of a fish head: Developmental and variational modularity in a complex system.

PubMed

Lehoux, Caroline; Cloutier, Richard

2015-11-01

Evolution of the vertebrate skull is developmentally constrained by the interactions among its anatomical systems, such as the dermatocranium and the sensory system. The interaction between the dermal bones and lateral line canals has been debated for decades but their morphological integration has never been tested. An ontogenetic series of 97 juvenile and adult Amia calva (Actinopterygii) was used to describe the patterning and modularity of sensory lateral line canals and their integration with supporting cranial bones. Developmental modules were tested for the otic canal and supratemporal commissure by computing correlations in the branching sequence of groups of pores. Landmarks were digitized on 25 specimens to test a priori hypotheses of variational and developmental modularity at the level of canals and dermal bones. Branching sequence suggests a specific patterning supported by significant positive correlations in the sequence of appearance of branches between bilateral sides. Differences in patterning between the otic canal and the supratemporal commissure and tests of modularity with geometric morphometrics suggest that both canals form distinct modules. The integration between bones and canals was insufficient to detect a module. However, both components were not independent. Groups of pores tended to disappear without affecting other groups of pores suggesting that they are quasi-independent units acting as modules. This study provides evidence of a hierarchical organization for the modular sensory system that could explain variation of pattern of canals among species and their association with dermal bones. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Self assembled linear polymeric chains with tuneable semiflexibility using isotropic interactions.

PubMed

Abraham, Alex; Chatterji, Apratim

2018-04-21

We propose a two-body spherically symmetric (isotropic) potential such that particles interacting by the potential self-assemble into linear semiflexible polymeric chains without branching. By suitable control of the potential parameters, we can control the persistence length of the polymer and can even introduce a controlled number of branches. Thus we show how to achieve effective directional interactions starting from spherically symmetric potentials. The self-assembled polymers have an exponential distribution of chain lengths akin to what is observed for worm-like micellar systems. On increasing particle density, the polymeric chains self-organize to an ordered line-hexagonal phase where every chain is surrounded by six parallel chains, the transition is first order. On further increase in monomer density, the order is destroyed and we get a branched gel-like phase. This potential can be used to model semi-flexible equilibrium polymers with tunable semiflexibility and excluded volume. The use of the potential is computationally cheap and hence can be used to simulate and probe equilibrium polymer dynamics with long chains. The potential also gives a plausible method of tuning colloidal interactions in experiments such that one can obtain self-assembling polymeric chains made up of colloids and probe polymer dynamics using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we show how a modified potential leads to the observation of an intermediate nematic phase of self-assembled chains in between the low density disordered phase and the line-ordered hexagonal phase.

Self assembled linear polymeric chains with tuneable semiflexibility using isotropic interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abraham, Alex; Chatterji, Apratim

2018-04-01

We propose a two-body spherically symmetric (isotropic) potential such that particles interacting by the potential self-assemble into linear semiflexible polymeric chains without branching. By suitable control of the potential parameters, we can control the persistence length of the polymer and can even introduce a controlled number of branches. Thus we show how to achieve effective directional interactions starting from spherically symmetric potentials. The self-assembled polymers have an exponential distribution of chain lengths akin to what is observed for worm-like micellar systems. On increasing particle density, the polymeric chains self-organize to an ordered line-hexagonal phase where every chain is surrounded by six parallel chains, the transition is first order. On further increase in monomer density, the order is destroyed and we get a branched gel-like phase. This potential can be used to model semi-flexible equilibrium polymers with tunable semiflexibility and excluded volume. The use of the potential is computationally cheap and hence can be used to simulate and probe equilibrium polymer dynamics with long chains. The potential also gives a plausible method of tuning colloidal interactions in experiments such that one can obtain self-assembling polymeric chains made up of colloids and probe polymer dynamics using an optical microscope. Furthermore, we show how a modified potential leads to the observation of an intermediate nematic phase of self-assembled chains in between the low density disordered phase and the line-ordered hexagonal phase.

Keck Observations of the UV-Bright Star Barnard 29 in the Globular Cluster M13 (NGC 6205)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dixon, William Van Dyke; Chayer, Pierre; Reid, Iain N.

2016-06-01

In color-magnitude diagrams of globular clusters, stars brighter than the horizontal branch and bluer than the red-giant branch are known as UV-bright stars. Most are evolving from the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) to the tip of the white-dwarf cooling curve. To better understand this important phase of stellar evolution, we have analyzed a Keck HIRES echelle spectrum of the UV-bright star Barnard 29 in M13. We begin by fitting the star's H I (Hα, Hβ, and Hγ) and He I lines with a grid of synthetic spectra generated from non-LTE H-He models computed using the TLUSTY code. We find that the shape of the star's Hα profile is not well reproduced with these models. Upgrading from version 200 to version 204M of TLUSTY solves this problem: the Hα profile is now well reproduced. TLUSTY version 204 includes improved calculations for the Stark broadening of hydrogen line profiles. Using these models, we derive stellar parameters of Teff = 21,100 K, log g = 3.05, and log (He/H) = -0.87, values consistent with those of previous authors. The star's Keck spectrum shows photospheric absorption from N II, O II, Mg II, Al III, Si II, Si III, S II, Ar II, and Fe III. The abundances of these species are consistent with published values for the red-giant stars in M13, suggesting that the star's chemistry has changed little since it left the AGB.

Sliding mode control of direct coupled interleaved boost converter for fuel cell

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, W. Y.; Ding, Y. H.; Ke, X.; Ma, X.

2017-12-01

A three phase direct coupled interleaved boost converter (TP-DIBC) was recommended in this paper. This converter has a small unbalance current sharing among the branches of TP-DIBC. An adaptive control law sliding mode control (SMC) is designed for the TP-DIBC. The aim is to 1) reduce ripple output voltage, inductor current and regulate output voltage tightly 2) The total current carried by direct coupled interleaved boost converter (DIBC) must be equally shared between different parallel branches. The efficacy and robustness of the proposed TP-DIBC and adaptive SMC is confirmed via computer simulations using Matlab SimPower System Tools. The simulation result is in line with the expectation.

Human Development, Human Evolution.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smillie, David

One of the truly remarkable events in human evolution is the unprecedented increase in the size of the brain of "Homo" over a brief span of 2 million years. It would appear that some significant selective pressure or opportunity presented itself to this branch of the hominid line and caused a rapid increase in the brain, introducing a…

27 CFR 9.83 - Lake Erie.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Cazenovia Creek and thence up the west branch of Cazenovia Creek to a point approximately one mile north of Colden, New York, exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the shore of Lake Erie. (3) The boundary proceeds southwestward and along a line exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the...

27 CFR 9.83 - Lake Erie.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Cazenovia Creek and thence up the west branch of Cazenovia Creek to a point approximately one mile north of Colden, New York, exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the shore of Lake Erie. (3) The boundary proceeds southwestward and along a line exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the...

27 CFR 9.83 - Lake Erie.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... Cazenovia Creek and thence up the west branch of Cazenovia Creek to a point approximately one mile north of Colden, New York, exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the shore of Lake Erie. (3) The boundary proceeds southwestward and along a line exactly 12 statute miles inland from any point on the...

78 FR 57150 - Agency Information Collection Activities; Proposed Collection; Request for Comments on Three...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-17

... (Identify Docket ID No. EPA-HQ- OW-2008-0719 in the subject line). Mail: Water Docket, Environmental... or email. The www.regulations.gov Web site is an ``anonymous access'' system, which means EPA will.../epahome/dockets.htm . FOR FURTHER INFORMATION CONTACT: Sandra Rivera, State and Regional Branch, Water...

3. ONTARIO MINE. ADIT ENTRANCE WITH TIN ROOF. TIP TOP ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

3. ONTARIO MINE. ADIT ENTRANCE WITH TIN ROOF. TIP TOP IS LOCATED IN LINE WITH 'Y' BRANCH AND THE TAILING PILE FOR TIP TOP IS VISIBLE JUST TO RIGHT OF IT. CAMERA POINTED SOUTH-SOUTHEAST. - Florida Mountain Mining Sites, Ontario Mine, Northwest side of Florida Mountain, Silver City, Owyhee County, ID

77 FR 66601 - Northern Natural Gas Company; Notice of Availability of the Environmental Assessment for the...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-11-06

... Ochiltree, Hansford, Hutchinson, and Carson Counties, Texas; Beaver County, Oklahoma; and Kiowa and Clark... Station, Ochiltree County, Texas, MP 38.47; Beaver Compressor Station, Beaver County, Oklahoma, MP 0.00; Northern/CNG Interconnect, Beaver County, Oklahoma, MP 10.35; Englewood Branch Line, Clark County, Kansas...

Hydrodynamic Versus Size-Exclusion Chromatography Characterization of Alternan and Comparison to Off-Line MALS

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Alternan is an ultra-high molar mass polysaccharide composed of two different types of glycosidic linkages and which also possesses long-chain branching. It has great potential in a number of areas, including as a possible domestic replacement for gum Arabic. The high molar mass and large size of ...

Target for Anti-Tumor Immune Responses | NCI Technology Transfer Center | TTC

Cancer.gov

The Surgery Branch of the National Cancer Institute is seeking statements of capability or interest from parties interested in collaborative research to carry out genotypic as well as phenotypic analysis of the 888 mel cell line in order to better understand the nature of tumor cells that respond to therapy.

50 CFR 300.224 - Longline fishing restrictions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... a notice in the Federal Register announcing that specific prohibitions will be in effect starting on... into effect as announced under paragraph (d) of this section, in which case the bigeye tuna on board...; specifically, the hooks, branch or dropper lines, and floats used to buoy the mainline must be stowed and not...

29 CFR 1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. (8) Airless spray guns... the open barrel end. (6) Loaded tools shall not be left unattended. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven...-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. (8) Driving into materials easily...

29 CFR 1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. (8) Airless spray guns... the open barrel end. (6) Loaded tools shall not be left unattended. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven...-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. (8) Driving into materials easily...

29 CFR 1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. (8) Airless spray guns... the open barrel end. (6) Loaded tools shall not be left unattended. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven...-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. (8) Driving into materials easily...

29 CFR 1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. (8) Airless spray guns... the open barrel end. (6) Loaded tools shall not be left unattended. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven...-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. (8) Driving into materials easily...

29 CFR 1926.302 - Power-operated hand tools.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the source of supply or branch line to reduce pressure in case of hose failure. (8) Airless spray guns... the open barrel end. (6) Loaded tools shall not be left unattended. (7) Fasteners shall not be driven...-hardened steel, glass block, live rock, face brick, or hollow tile. (8) Driving into materials easily...

Vocationally Oriented Language Learning Revisited

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vogt, Karin; Kantelinen, Ritva

2013-01-01

Vocationally oriented language learning (VOLL) is often seen as a part of English for Specific Purposes/Language for Specific Purposes (ESP/LSP), which it is not in every case. The diverging characteristics and lines of development that these two branches of ELT have undergone are outlined and contrasted. Then, a discussion of the added value of a…

12 CFR 702.203 - Prompt corrective action for “significantly undercapitalized” credit unions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... to increase except as provided in § 702.202(a)(3) and (4) Restrict member business loans. Not increase the total dollar amount of member business loans (defined as loans outstanding and unused... this part: (1) Requiring prior approval for acquisitions, branching, new lines of business. Prohibit a...

12 CFR 702.204 - Prompt corrective action for “critically undercapitalized” credit unions

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... to increase except as provided in § 702.202(a)(3); and (4) Restrict member business loans. Not increase the total dollar amount of member business loans (defined as loans outstanding and unused... part: (1) Requiring prior approval for acquisitions, branching, new lines of business. Prohibit a...

Algorithms for the computation of solutions of the Ornstein-Zernike equation.

PubMed

Peplow, A T; Beardmore, R E; Bresme, F

2006-10-01

We introduce a robust and efficient methodology to solve the Ornstein-Zernike integral equation using the pseudoarc length (PAL) continuation method that reformulates the integral equation in an equivalent but nonstandard form. This enables the computation of solutions in regions where the compressibility experiences large changes or where the existence of multiple solutions and so-called branch points prevents Newton's method from converging. We illustrate the use of the algorithm with a difficult problem that arises in the numerical solution of integral equations, namely the evaluation of the so-called no-solution line of the Ornstein-Zernike hypernetted chain (HNC) integral equation for the Lennard-Jones potential. We are able to use the PAL algorithm to solve the integral equation along this line and to connect physical and nonphysical solution branches (both isotherms and isochores) where appropriate. We also show that PAL continuation can compute solutions within the no-solution region that cannot be computed when Newton and Picard methods are applied directly to the integral equation. While many solutions that we find are new, some correspond to states with negative compressibility and consequently are not physical.

α2,6 sialylation associated with increased beta 1,6-branched N-oligosaccharides influences cellular adhesion and invasion.

PubMed

Ranjan, Amit; Kalraiya, Rajiv D

2013-12-01

Expression of β1,6-branched N-linked oligosaccharides have a definite association with invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. However, the mechanism by which these oligosaccharides regulate these processes is not well understood. Invasive variants of B16 murine melanoma, B16F10 (parent) and B16BL6 (highly invasive variant) cell lines have been used for these studies. We demonstrate that substitution of α2,6-linked sialic acids on multiantennary structures formed as a result of β1,6-branching modulate cellular adhesion on both extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane (BM) components. Removal of α2,6 sialic acids either by enzymatic desialylation or by stably down-regulating the ST6Gal-I (enzyme that catalyses the addition of α2,6-linked sialic acids on N-linked oligosaccharides) by lentiviral driven shRNA decreased the adhesion on both ECM and BM components and invasion through reconstituted BM matrigel.

Two new freshwater eutardigrade species from Sicily.

PubMed

Pilato, Giovanni; Sabella, Giorgio; Lisi, Oscar

2015-02-11

Two new species of freshwater Eutardigrada are described from Sicily: Isohypsibius rusticus sp. nov. and Isohypsibius zappalai sp. nov. The former species has eye spots, ornamented body surface with many, variously sized tubercles; bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Isohypsibius type; pharyngeal bulb with apophyses and two rod-shaped macroplacoids; microplacoid absent; claws, of the Isohypsibius type, well developed, with long and thin common basal portion; main branches of all claws without free accessory points; very thin lunules present; cuticular bars on the legs absent. Isohypsibius zappalai sp. nov. has eye spots; entire body surface with small tubercles rounded in shape, fairly uniformly sized and tending to form transverse lines; bucco-pharyngeal apparatus of the Isohypsibius type, pharyngeal bulb with apophyses and two macroplacoids; microplacoid absent; claws of the Isohypsibius type, well developed, with long common basal portion and both main and secondary branches with a wide proximal portion. Main branches of all claws with accessory points; small, flexible lunules present; cuticular bars on the legs absent.

PSD-95 alters microtubule dynamics via an association with EB3

PubMed Central

Sweet, Eric S.; Previtera, Michelle L.; Fernández, Jose R.; Charych, Erik I.; Tseng, Chia-Yi; Kwon, Munjin; Starovoytov, Valentin; Zheng, James Q.; Firestein, Bonnie L.

2011-01-01

Little is known about how the neuronal cytoskeleton is regulated when a dendrite decides whether to branch or not. Previously, we reported that postsynaptic density protein 95 (PSD-95) acts as a stop signal for dendrite branching. It is yet to be elucidated how PSD-95 affects the cytoskeleton and how this regulation relates to the dendritic arbor. Here, we show that the SH3 (src homology 3) domain of PSD-95 interacts with a proline-rich region within the microtubule end-binding protein EB3. Overexpression of PSD-95 or mutant EB3 results in a decreased lifetime of EB3 comets in dendrites. In line with these data, transfected rat neurons show that overexpression of PSD-95 results in less organized microtubules at dendritic branch points and decreased dendritogensis. The interaction between PSD-95 and EB3 elucidates a function for a novel region of EB3 and provides a new and important mechanism for the regulation of microtubules in determining dendritic morphology. PMID:21248129

Micro- and nano-imaging at the diamond beamline I13L-imaging and coherence

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rau, C., E-mail: Christoph.rau@diamond.ac.uk; University of Manchester, School of Materials Grosvenor St., Manchester, M1 7HS; Northwestern University School of Medicine, 303 E. Chicago Avenue, Chicago, IL 60611-3008

2016-07-27

The Diamond Beamline I13L is dedicated to imaging on the micron- and nano-lengthscale, operating in the energy range between 6 and 30 keV. For this purpose two independent stations have been built. The imaging branch is fully operational for micro-tomography and in-line phase contrast imaging with micrometer resolution. Currently a full-field microscope providing 50nm spatial resolution over a field of view of 100 µm is being tested. On the coherence branch, coherent diffraction imaging techniques such as ptychography and coherent X-ray Bragg diffraction are currently developed. The beamline contains a number of unique features. The machine layout has been modifiedmore » to the so-called mini-beta scheme, providing significantly increased flux from the two canted undulators. New instrumental designs such as a robot arm for the detector in diffraction experiments have been employed. The imaging branch is operated in collaboration with Manchester University, called therefore the Diamond-Manchester Branchline.« less

Sensing the Tension

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2003-01-01

Spanning over 4 decades, NASA's bolt tension monitoring technology has benefited automakers, airplane builders, and other major manufacturers that rely on the devices to evaluate the performance of computerized torque wrenches and other assembly line mechanisms. In recent years, the advancement of ultrasonic sensors has drastically eased this process for users, ensuring that proper tension and torque are being applied to bolts and fasteners, with less time needed for data analysis. Langley Research Center s Nondestructive Evaluation Branch is one of the latest NASA programs to incorporate ultrasonic sensors within a bolt tension measurement instrument. As a multi-disciplined research group focused on spacecraft and aerospace transportation safety, one of the branch s many commitments includes transferring problem solutions to industry. In 1998, the branch carried out this obligation in a licensing agreement with Micro Control, Inc., of West Bloomfield, Michigan. Micro Control, an automotive inspection company, obtained the licenses to two Langley patents to provide an improved-but-inexpensive means of ultrasonic tension measurement.

Color-magnitude diagram of Palomar 4 - CCD photometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Christian, C. A.; Heasley, J. N.

1986-04-01

Photometry of the globular cluster Pal 4 was obtained with the RCA CCD camera on the 3.6 m Canada-France-Hawaii Telescope on Mauna Kea. The color-magnitude diagram of the cluster shows a well-defined red horizontal branch, typical of outer halo systems, and an asymptotic giant branch well separated from the giant branch. The population of Pal 4 has been sampled to the main-sequence turnoff region (V = 25), allowing a detailed comparison of this distant object with theoretical models. The cluster parameters consistent with the CCD data are (m - M)0 = 20.1 + or - 0.1 mag, E(B - V) = 0.02 + or - 0.02, and Fe/H forbidden line = -1.7 + or - 0.1 with Y =0.2. The age of the cluster, determined by comparison with the isochrones of VandenBerg and Bell (1985) is consistent with an age of 15 + or - 1 Gyr, similar to inner halo globular clusters with ages determined in the same way.

Ages of the Bulge Globular Clusters NGC 6522 and NGC 6626 (M28) from HST Proper-motion-cleaned Color–Magnitude Diagrams

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kerber, L. O.; Nardiello, D.; Ortolani, S.; Barbuy, B.; Bica, E.; Cassisi, S.; Libralato, M.; Vieira, R. G.

2018-01-01

Bulge globular clusters (GCs) with metallicities [Fe/H] ≲ ‑1.0 and blue horizontal branches are candidates to harbor the oldest populations in the Galaxy. Based on the analysis of HST proper-motion-cleaned color–magnitude diagrams in filters F435W and F625W, we determine physical parameters for the old bulge GCs NGC 6522 and NGC 6626 (M28), both with well-defined blue horizontal branches. We compare these results with similar data for the inner halo cluster NGC 6362. These clusters have similar metallicities (‑1.3 ≤ [Fe/H] ≤ ‑1.0) obtained from high-resolution spectroscopy. We derive ages, distance moduli, and reddening values by means of statistical comparisons between observed and synthetic fiducial lines employing likelihood statistics and the Markov chain Monte Carlo method. The synthetic fiducial lines were generated using α-enhanced BaSTI and Dartmouth stellar evolutionary models, adopting both canonical (Y ∼ 0.25) and enhanced (Y ∼ 0.30–0.33) helium abundances. RR Lyrae stars were employed to determine the HB magnitude level, providing an independent indicator to constrain the apparent distance modulus and the helium enhancement. The shape of the observed fiducial line could be compatible with some helium enhancement for NGC 6522 and NGC 6626, but the average magnitudes of RR Lyrae stars tend to rule out this hypothesis. Assuming canonical helium abundances, BaSTI and Dartmouth models indicate that all three clusters are coeval, with ages between ∼12.5 and 13.0 Gyr. The present study also reveals that NGC 6522 has at least two stellar populations, since its CMD shows a significantly wide subgiant branch compatible with 14% ± 2% and 86% ± 5% for first and second generations, respectively. Based on observations with the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, obtained at the Space Telescope Science Institute.

[Transverse radioulnar branch of the dorsal ulnar nerve: anatomic description and arthroscopic implications from 45 cadaveric dissections].

PubMed

Ehlinger, M; Rapp, E; Cognet, J-M; Clavert, P; Bonnomet, F; Kahn, J-L; Kempf, J-F

2005-05-01

We conducted an anatomic study of the transverse branch of the dorsal ulnar nerve to describe its morphology and position in relation to arthroscopic exploration portals. Forty-five non-side-matched anatomic specimens of unknown age and gender were preserved in formol. The dorsal branch of the ulnar nerve was identified and dissected proximally to distally in order to reveal the different terminal branches. The morphometric analysis included measurement of the length and diameter of the transverse branch and measurement of wrist width. We also measured the smallest distance between the transverse branch and the ulnar styloid process, and between the branch and usual arthroscopic portals (4-5, 6R, 6U) in the axis of the forearm. The transverse branch was inconstant. It was found in 12 of the 45 dissection specimens (27%). In two-thirds of the specimens, the branch ran over less than 50% of the wrist width, tangentially to the radiocarpal joint. Mean nerve diameter was 1 mm. It was found 5-6 mm from the ulnar styloid process and was distal to it in 83% of the specimens. The dissections demonstrated two anatomic variants. Type A corresponded to a branch running distally to the ulnar styloid process, parallel to the joint line (10/12 specimens). Type B exhibited a trajectory proximal to the ulnar styloid process, crossing the ulnar head (2/12 specimens). The relations with the arthroscopic portals (4-5, 6R, 6U) showed that the mean distance from the branch to the portal was 3.75 mm for the 4-5 portal (distally in 11/12 specimens), 3.68 mm for the 6R portal (distally in 10/12 specimens), and 4.83 mm for the 6U portal (distally in 7 specimens and proximally in 5). To our knowledge, there has been only one report specifically devoted to this transverse branch. Two other reports simply mention its existence. According to the literature, the transverse branch of the dorsal ulnar nerve occurs in 60-80% of the cases. We found two anatomic variations different than those described in the literature. Based on our findings and data reported previously, we propose a new classification, describing two main types. In Type 1, the transverse branch arises proximally to the ulnar styloid process;type 1A and type IB are described in relation to the direction of the branch. In Type II, the branch arises distally to the ulnar styloid process;type IIA and type IIB again being described in relation to the direction of the branch. On the tangential trajectory over the radiocarpal joint, the morphometric data show a zone of risk described by a rectangle measuring 10 mm wide (6 mm distal and 4 mm proximal to the ulnar styloid process) and covering 50% of the wrist width. The relations with arthroscopic portals describe a zone of risk corresponding to a 5-7 mm radius circle centered on the portals (4-5, 6R, 6U), which includes 83% of the transverse branches.

A facile, branched DNA assay to quantitatively measure glucocorticoid receptor auto-regulation in T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia

PubMed Central

Schwartz, Jason R.; Sarvaiya, Purvaba J.; Leiva, Lily E.; Velez, Maria C.; Singleton, Tammuella C.; Yu, Lolie C.; Vedeckis, Wayne V.

2012-01-01

Glucocorticoid (GC) steroid hormones are used to treat acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) because of their pro-apoptotic effects in hematopoietic cells. However, not all leukemia cells are sensitive to GC, and no assay to stratify patients is available. In the GC-sensitive T-cell ALL cell line CEM-C7, auto-up-regulation of RNA transcripts for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) correlates with increased apoptotic response. This study aimed to determine if a facile assay of GR transcript levels might be promising for stratifying ALL patients into hormone-sensitive and hormone-resistant populations. The GR transcript profiles of various lymphoid cell lines and 4 bone marrow samples from patients with T-cell ALL were analyzed using both an optimized branched DNA (bDNA) assay and a real-time quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay. There were significant correlations between both assay platforms when measuring total GR (exon 5/6) transcripts in various cell lines and patient samples, but not for a probe set that detects a specific, low abundance GR transcript (exon 1A3). Our results suggest that the bDNA platform is reproducible and precise when measuring total GR transcripts and, with further development, may ultimately offer a simple clinical assay to aid in the prediction of GC-sensitivity in ALL patients. PMID:22739263

Investigation of effective line intensities of trans-HONO near 1255 cm-1 using continuous-wave quantum cascade laser spectrometers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cui, Xiaojuan; Dong, Fengzhong; Sigrist, Markus W.; Zhang, Zhirong; Wu, Bian; Xia, Hua; Pang, Tao; Sun, Pengshuai; Fertein, Eric; Chen, Weidong

2016-10-01

Effective line intensities of P branch transitions of trans-nitrous acid (HONO) in the ν3 H-O-N bending mode near 1255 cm-1 have been determined by scaling measured HONO absorption intensities by continuous-wave quantum cascade laser absorption spectroscopy to reference values. Gaseous HONO samples were synthetized in the laboratory using the reaction of H2SO4 and NaNO2 solutions and the heterogeneous formation on surfaces in the presence of ambient water vapor and NO2 gas in a sealed gas sampling bag. The quantification of HONO was performed using a denuder associated with a NOx analyzer. Observed absorption line strengths for the trans conformer are found to be by a factor of approximately 1.17 higher than previously reported line strengths.

78 FR 48170 - Privacy Act of 1974; CMS Computer Match No. 2013-12; HHS Computer Match No. 1307; SSA Computer...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-08-07

... Wesolowski, Director, Verifications Policy & Operations Branch, Division of Eligibility and Enrollment Policy..., electronic interfaces and an on-line system for the verification of eligibility. PURPOSE(S) OF THE MATCHING... Security number (SSN) verifications, (2) a death indicator, (3) an indicator of a finding of disability by...

Front Elevation and Floor Plan in 1893, 1894, and 1909; ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Front Elevation and Floor Plan in 1893, 1894, and 1909; Office End Elevation, Waiting End Elevation, Section A (1894), Section B (1894), Signage (ca. 1908-1911), Map of Rail Lines & Depots on Soldiers' Home - National Home for Disabled Volunteer Soldiers, Pacific Branch, Streetcar Depot, Corner of Pershing & Dewey Avenues, Los Angeles, Los Angeles County, CA

Reflections on Career Development and Eclecticism in Music Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kassner, Kirk

2009-01-01

There is so much to learn about each branch of music education that most teachers continue on a narrow path throughout their careers. Since Henry Ford started the first mass-production assembly line in the early 1900s, there has been a tendency for people in American society to specialize, and some educational leaders strongly recommend that…

An Exploratory Study into the Adoption of Internet Banking in Mainland China

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chen, Lisa

2012-01-01

Given that the Chinese economy has experienced rapid growth over the last decade, developing Internet banking and transforming traditional lines of products into web sites beyond "brick and mortar" local branches will be the main drivers for both Chinese banks and foreign banks to tap into the available of Chinese savings. The primary…

Durability of bends in high-temperature steam lines under the conditions of long-term operation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Katanakha, N. A.; Semenov, A. S.; Getsov, L. B.

2015-04-01

The article presents the results of stress-strain state computations and durability of bent and steeply curved branches of high-temperature steam lines carried out on the basis of the finite element method using the modified Soderberg formula for describing unsteady creep processes with taking the accumulation of damage into account. The computations were carried out for bends made of steel grades that are most widely used for manufacturing steam lines (12Kh1MF, 15Kh1M1F, and 10Kh9MFB) and operating at different levels of inner pressure and temperature. The solutions obtained using the developed creep model are compared with those obtained using the models widely used in practice.

High temperature stress and its effect on pollen development and morphological components of harvest index in the C3 model grass Brachypodium distachyon

PubMed Central

Harsant, Jeffrey; Pavlovic, Lazar; Chiu, Greta; Sultmanis, Stefanie; Sage, Tammy L.

2013-01-01

The effect of high temperatures on harvest index (HI) and morphological components that contribute to HI was investigated in two lines (Bd21 and Bd21-3) of Brachypodium distachyon, a C3 grass recognized as a tractable plant, to address critical issues associated with enhancing cereal crop yields in the presence of global climate change. The results demonstrated that temperatures ≥32 °C eliminated HI. Reductions in yield at 32 °C were due primarily to declines in pollen viability, retention of pollen in anthers, and pollen germination, while abortion of microspores by the uninucleate stage that was correlated with abnormal tapetal development resulted in yield failure at 36 °C. Increasing temperatures from 24 to 32 °C resulted in reductions in tiller numbers but had no impact on axillary branch numbers per tiller. Grain developed at 24 and 28 °C primarily in tiller spikes, although spikes on axillary branches also formed grain. Grain quantity decreased in tiller spikes but increased in axillary branch spikes as temperatures rose from 24 to 28 °C. Differential patterns of axillary branching and floret development within spikelets between Bd21 and Bd21-3 resulted in higher grain yield in axillary branches of Bd21-3 at 28 °C. The response of male reproductive development and tiller branching patterns in B. distachyon to increasing temperatures mirrors that in other cereal crops, providing support for the use of this C3 grass in assessing the molecular control of HI in the presence of global warming. PMID:23771979

Cross-Section Measurement of the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm Reaction and Constraining the Branching Ratio of 167Tm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Champine, Brian; Gooden, Matthew; Thomas, Keenan; Krishichayan, F.; Norman, Eric; Scielzo, Nick; Tonchev, Anton; Tornow, Werner

2015-10-01

The cross section of the 169Tm(n,3n)167Tm reaction has been measured from 17.5 to 21.5 MeV using activation technique. This energy region was chosen to resolve the two different trends of the previous (n,3n) cross section measurements on 169Tm. In addition, the branching ratio of the 207.8 keV γ-ray line stemming from electron capture of 167Tm was measured to be 0.419(16). The result of these measurements provide more accurate diagnostic estimation of the so called reaction-in-flight neutrons produced via the internal confinement fusion plasma in deuterium-tritium capsules at the National Ignition Facility.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Holmgren, D.E.; Walker, D.J.; Harris, S.E.

Certain quartet levels in alkali-like systems retain metastability against autoionization while acquiring large radiative yields. This quasi-metastability occurs through selective coupling to non-autoionizing doublet levels by the spin-orbit interaction. An example of such a level is the 5p/sup 5/5d6s /sup 4/P/sub 5/2/ level of neutral Cs, which has a calculated branching ratio for radiation at 1091 A of 43%. Experimentally, we find that this line has an emission intensity equal to 1/6 of that of the strongest ion line of Cs/sup +/, and is a promising candidate for an extreme ultraviolet laser.

Chromospheres and mass loss in metal-deficient giant stars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dupree, A. K.; Hartmann, L.; Avrett, E. H.

1984-01-01

Semiempirical atmospheric models indicate that the characteristic emission in the wings of the H-alpha line observed in Population II giant stars can arise naturally within static chromospheres. Radial expansion gives an asymmetric, blueshifted H-alpha core accompanied by greater emission in the red line wing than in the blue wing. Wind models with extended atmospheres suggest mass loss rates much smaller than 2 x 10 to the -9th solar mass per yr. Thus H-alpha provides no evidence that steady mass loss can significantly affect the evolution of stars on the red giant branch of globular clusters.

A polycomb repressive complex 2 gene regulates apogamy and gives evolutionary insights into early land plant evolution.

PubMed

Okano, Yosuke; Aono, Naoki; Hiwatashi, Yuji; Murata, Takashi; Nishiyama, Tomoaki; Ishikawa, Takaaki; Kubo, Minoru; Hasebe, Mitsuyasu

2009-09-22

Land plants have distinct developmental programs in haploid (gametophyte) and diploid (sporophyte) generations. Although usually the two programs strictly alternate at fertilization and meiosis, one program can be induced during the other program. In a process called apogamy, cells of the gametophyte other than the egg cell initiate sporophyte development. Here, we report for the moss Physcomitrella patens that apogamy resulted from deletion of the gene orthologous to the Arabidopsis thaliana CURLY LEAF (PpCLF), which encodes a component of polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2). In the deletion lines, a gametophytic vegetative cell frequently gave rise to a sporophyte-like body. This body grew indeterminately from an apical cell with the character of a sporophytic pluripotent stem cell but did not form a sporangium. Furthermore, with continued culture, the sporophyte-like body branched. Sporophyte branching is almost unknown among extant bryophytes. When PpCLF was expressed in the deletion lines once the sporophyte-like bodies had formed, pluripotent stem cell activity was arrested and a sporangium-like organ formed. Supported by the observed pattern of PpCLF expression, these results demonstrate that, in the gametophyte, PpCLF represses initiation of a sporophytic pluripotent stem cell and, in the sporophyte, represses that stem cell activity and induces reproductive organ development. In land plants, branching, along with indeterminate apical growth and delayed initiation of spore-bearing reproductive organs, were conspicuous innovations for the evolution of a dominant sporophyte plant body. Our study provides insights into the role of PRC2 gene regulation for sustaining evolutionary innovation in land plants.

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF ASYMPTOTIC GIANT BRANCH STARS IN M62

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lapenna, E.; Mucciarelli, A.; Ferraro, F. R.

2015-11-10

We have collected UVES-FLAMES high-resolution spectra for a sample of 6 asymptotic giant branch (AGB) and 13 red giant branch (RGB) stars in the Galactic globular cluster (GC) M62 (NGC 6266). Here we present the detailed abundance analysis of iron, titanium, and light elements (O, Na, Mg, and Al). For the majority (five out of six) of the AGB targets, we find that the abundances of both iron and titanium determined from neutral lines are significantly underestimated with respect to those obtained from ionized features, the latter being, instead, in agreement with those measured for the RGB targets. This ismore » similar to recent findings in other clusters and may suggest the presence of nonlocal thermodynamic equilibrium (NLTE) effects. In the O–Na, Al–Mg, and Na–Al planes, the RGB stars show the typical correlations observed for GC stars. Instead, all the AGB targets are clumped in the regions where first-generation stars are expected to lie, similar to what was recently found for the AGB population of NGC 6752. While the sodium and aluminum abundances could be underestimated as a consequence of the NLTE bias affecting iron and titanium, the oxygen line used does not suffer from the same effects, and the lack of O-poor AGB stars therefore is a solid result. We can thus conclude that none of the investigated AGB stars belongs to the second stellar generation of M62. We also find an RGB star with extremely high sodium abundance ([Na/Fe] = +1.08 dex)« less

Expression of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus p25 protein induces hormonal changes and a root branching phenotype in Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed

Peltier, Claire; Schmidlin, Laure; Klein, Elodie; Taconnat, Ludivine; Prinsen, Els; Erhardt, Mathieu; Heintz, Dimitri; Weyens, Guy; Lefebvre, Marc; Renou, Jean-Pierre; Gilmer, David

2011-06-01

The RNA-3-encoded p25 protein was previously characterized as one of the major symptom determinants of the Beet necrotic yellow vein virus. Previous analyses reported the influence of the p25 protein in root proliferation phenotype observed in rhizomania disease on infected sugar beets (Beta vulgaris). A transgenic approach was developed, in which the p25 protein was constitutively expressed in Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia (Col-0) ecotype in order to provide new clues as to how the p25 protein might promote alone disease development and symptom expression. Transgenic plants were characterized by Southern blot and independent lines carrying single and multiple copies of the transgene were selected. Mapping of the T-DNA insertion was performed on the monocopy homozygote lines. P25 protein was localized both in the nucleus and in the cytoplasm of epidermal and root cells of transgenic plants. Although A. thaliana was not described as a susceptible host for BNYVV infection, abnormal root branching was observed on p25 protein-expressing A. thaliana plants. Moreover, these transgenic plants were more susceptible than wild-type plants to auxin analog treatment (2,4-D) but more resistant to methyl jasmonate (MeJA), abscisic acid (ABA) and to lesser extend to salicylic acid (SA). Hormonal content assays measuring plant levels of auxin (IAA), jasmonate (JA) and ethylene precursor (ACC) revealed major hormonal changes. Global transcript profiling analyses on roots displayed differential gene expressions that could corroborate root branching phenotype and stress signaling modifications.

Numerical Modeling of Conjugate Heat Transfer in Fluid Network

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Majumdar, Alok

2004-01-01

Fluid network modeling with conjugate heat transfer has many applications in Aerospace engineering. In modeling unsteady flow with heat transfer, it is important to know the variation of wall temperature in time and space to calculate heat transfer between solid to fluid. Since wall temperature is a function of flow, a coupled analysis of temperature of solid and fluid is necessary. In cryogenic applications, modeling of conjugate heat transfer is of great importance to correctly predict boil-off rate in propellant tanks and chill down of transfer lines. In TFAWS 2003, the present author delivered a paper to describe a general-purpose computer program, GFSSP (Generalized Fluid System Simulation Program). GFSSP calculates flow distribution in complex flow circuit for compressible/incompressible, with or without heat transfer or phase change in all real fluids or mixtures. The flow circuit constitutes of fluid nodes and branches. The mass, energy and specie conservation equations are solved at the nodes where as momentum conservation equations are solved at the branches. The proposed paper describes the extension of GFSSP to model conjugate heat transfer. The network also includes solid nodes and conductors in addition to fluid nodes and branches. The energy conservation equations for solid nodes solves to determine the temperatures of the solid nodes simultaneously with all conservation equations governing fluid flow. The numerical scheme accounts for conduction, convection and radiation heat transfer. The paper will also describe the applications of the code to predict chill down of cryogenic transfer line and boil-off rate of cryogenic propellant storage tank.

Ecological genomics of Boechera stricta: identification of a QTL controlling the allocation of methionine- vs branched-chain amino acid-derived glucosinolates and levels of insect herbivory.

PubMed

Schranz, M E; Manzaneda, A J; Windsor, A J; Clauss, M J; Mitchell-Olds, T

2009-05-01

In the Brassicaceae, glucosinolates influence the feeding, reproduction and development of many insect herbivores. Glucosinolate production and effects on herbivore feeding have been extensively studied in the model species, Arabidopsis thaliana and Brassica crops, both of which constitutively produce leaf glucosinolates mostly derived from the amino acid, methionine. Much less is known about the regulation or role in defense of glucosinolates derived from other aliphatic amino acids, such as the branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), valine and isoleucine. We have identified a glucosinolate polymorphism in Boechera stricta controlling the allocation to BCAA- vs methionine-derived glucosinolates in both leaves and seeds. B. stricta is a perennial species that grows in mostly undisturbed habitats of western North America. We have measured glucosinolate profiles and concentrations in 192 F(2) lines that have earlier been used for genetic map construction. We also performed herbivory assays on six F(3) replicates per F(2) line using the generalist lepidopteran, Trichoplusia ni. Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis identified a single locus controlling both glucosinolate profile and levels of herbivory, the branched chain-methionine allocation or BCMA QTL. We have delimited this QTL to a small genomic region with a 1.0 LOD confidence interval just 1.9 cm wide, which, in A. thaliana, contains approximately 100 genes. We also found that methionine-derived glucosinolates provided significantly greater defense than the BCAA-derived glucosinolates against feeding by this generalist insect herbivore. The future positional cloning of this locus will allow for testing various adaptive explanations.

Cadmium exposure inhibits branching morphogenesis and causes alterations consistent with HIF-1α inhibition in human primary breast organoids.

PubMed

Rocco, Sabrina A; Koneva, Lada; Middleton, Lauren Y M; Thong, Tasha; Solanki, Sumeet; Karram, Sarah; Nambunmee, Kowit; Harris, Craig; Rozek, Laura S; Sartor, Maureen A; Shah, Yatrik M; Colacino, Justin A

2018-05-07

Developmental cadmium exposure in vivo disrupts mammary gland differentiation, while exposure of breast cell lines to cadmium causes invasion consistent with the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). The effects of cadmium on normal human breast stem cells have not been measured. Here, we quantified the effects of cadmium exposure on reduction mammoplasty patient-derived breast stem cell proliferation and differentiation. Using the mammosphere assay and organoid formation in 3D hydrogels, we tested two physiologically relevant doses of cadmium, 0.25μM and 2.5μM, and tested for molecular alterations using RNA-seq. We functionally validated our RNA-seq findings with a HIF-1α activity reporter line and pharmaceutical inhibition of HIF-1α in organoid formation assays. 2.5μM cadmium reduced primary mammosphere formation and branching structure organoid formation rates by 33% and 87%, respectively. Despite no changes in mammosphere formation, 0.25μM cadmium inhibited branching organoid formation in hydrogels by 73%. RNA-seq revealed cadmium downregulated genes associated with extracellular matrix formation and EMT, while upregulating genes associated with metal response including metallothioneins and zinc transporters. In the RNA-seq data, cadmium downregulated HIF-1α target genes including LOXL2, ZEB1, and VIM. Cadmium significantly inhibited HIF-1α activity in a luciferase assay, and the HIF-1α inhibitor acriflavine ablated mammosphere and organoid formation. These findings show that cadmium, at doses relevant to human exposure, inhibited human mammary stem cell proliferation and differentiation, potentially through disruption of HIF-1α activity.

Production and characterization of murine models of classic and intermediate maple syrup urine disease

PubMed Central

Homanics, Gregg E; Skvorak, Kristen; Ferguson, Carolyn; Watkins, Simon; Paul, Harbhajan S

2006-01-01

Background Maple Syrup Urine Disease (MSUD) is an inborn error of metabolism caused by a deficiency of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. MSUD has several clinical phenotypes depending on the degree of enzyme deficiency. Current treatments are not satisfactory and require new approaches to combat this disease. A major hurdle in developing new treatments has been the lack of a suitable animal model. Methods To create a murine model of classic MSUD, we used gene targeting and embryonic stem cell technologies to create a mouse line that lacked a functional E2 subunit gene of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase. To create a murine model of intermediate MSUD, we used transgenic technology to express a human E2 cDNA on the knockout background. Mice of both models were characterized at the molecular, biochemical, and whole animal levels. Results By disrupting the E2 subunit gene of branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase, we created a gene knockout mouse model of classic MSUD. The homozygous knockout mice lacked branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity, E2 immunoreactivity, and had a 3-fold increase in circulating branched-chain amino acids. These metabolic derangements resulted in neonatal lethality. Transgenic expression of a human E2 cDNA in the liver of the E2 knockout animals produced a model of intermediate MSUD. Branched-chain keto acid dehydrogenase activity was 5–6% of normal and was sufficient to allow survival, but was insufficient to normalize circulating branched-chain amino acids levels, which were intermediate between wildtype and the classic MSUD mouse model. Conclusion These mice represent important animal models that closely approximate the phenotype of humans with the classic and intermediate forms of MSUD. These animals provide useful models to further characterize the pathogenesis of MSUD, as well as models to test novel therapeutic strategies, such as gene and cellular therapies, to treat this devastating metabolic disease. PMID:16579849

The Role of Endogenous Strigolactones and Their Interaction with ABA during the Infection Process of the Parasitic Weed Phelipanche ramosa in Tomato Plants

PubMed Central

Cheng, Xi; Floková, Kristýna; Bouwmeester, Harro; Ruyter-Spira, Carolien

2017-01-01

The root parasitic plant species Phelipanche ramosa, branched broomrape, causes severe damage to economically important crops such as tomato. Its seed germination is triggered by host-derived signals upon which it invades the host root. In tomato, strigolactones (SLs) are the main germination stimulants for P. ramosa. Therefore, the development of low SL-producing lines may be an approach to combat the parasitic weed problem. However, since SLs are also a plant hormone controlling many aspects of plant development, SL deficiency may also have an effect on post-germination stages of the infection process, during the parasite-host interaction. In this study, we show that SL-deficient tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum; SlCCD8 RNAi lines), infected with pre-germinated P. ramosa seeds, display an increased infection level and faster development of the parasite, which suggests a positive role for SLs in the host defense against parasitic plant invasion. Furthermore, we show that SL-deficient tomato plants lose their characteristic SL-deficient phenotype during an infection with P. ramosa through a reduction in the number of internodes and the number and length of secondary branches. Infection with P. ramosa resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves and roots of both wild type and SL-deficient lines. Upon parasite infection, the level of the conjugate ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) also increased in leaves of both wild type and SL-deficient lines and in roots of one SL-deficient line. The uninfected SL-deficient lines had a higher leaf ABA-GE level than the wild type. Despite the high levels of ABA, stomatal aperture and water loss rate were not affected by parasite infection in the SL-deficient line, while in wild type tomato stomatal aperture and water loss increased upon infection. Future studies are needed to further underpin the role that SLs play in the interaction of hosts with parasitic plants and which other plant hormones interact with the SLs during this process. PMID:28392795

Two-photon-absorption line strengths for nitric oxide: Comparison of theory and sub-Doppler, laser-induced fluorescence measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kulatilaka, Waruna D.; Lucht, Robert P.

2017-03-01

We discuss the results of high-resolution, sub-Doppler two-photon-absorption laser-induced fluorescence (TPALIF) spectroscopy of nitric oxide at low pressure and room temperature. The measurements were performed using the single-longitudinal mode output of a diode-laser-seeded optical parametric generator (OPG) system with a measured frequency bandwidth of 220 MHz. The measurements were performed using a counter-propagating pump beam geometry, resulting in sub-Doppler TPALIF spectra of NO for various rotational transitions in the (0,0) vibrational band of the A2Σ+ - X2Π electronic transition. The experimental results are compared with the results of a perturbative treatment of the rotational line strengths for the 20 different rotational branches of the X2Π(v″ = 0) → A2Σ+(v' = 0) two-photon absorption band. In the derivation of the expressions for the two-photon transition absorption strength, the closure relation is used for rotational states in the intermediate levels of the two-photon transition in analogy with the Placzek treatment of Raman transitions. The theoretical treatment of the effect of angular momentum coupling on the two-photon rotational line strengths features the use of irreducible spherical tensors and 3j symbols. The final results are expressed in terms of the Hund's case (a) coupling coefficients aJ and bJ for the X2Π(v″ = 0) rotational level wavefunctions, which are intermediate between Hund's case (a) and case (b). Considerable physical insight is provided by this final form of the equations for the rotational line strengths. Corrections to the two-photon absorption rotational line strength for higher order effects such as centrifugal stretching can be included in a straightforward fashion in the analysis by incorporating higher order terms in these coupling coefficients aJ and bJ, although these corrections are essentially negligible for J < 50. The theoretical calculations of relative line intensities are in good agreement both with our experiment and with published experimental results. In addition, the calculated line shapes and relative intensities for closely spaced main branch and satellite transitions are in excellent agreement with our experimental measurements.

The Role of Endogenous Strigolactones and Their Interaction with ABA during the Infection Process of the Parasitic Weed Phelipanche ramosa in Tomato Plants.

PubMed

Cheng, Xi; Floková, Kristýna; Bouwmeester, Harro; Ruyter-Spira, Carolien

2017-01-01

The root parasitic plant species Phelipanche ramosa , branched broomrape, causes severe damage to economically important crops such as tomato. Its seed germination is triggered by host-derived signals upon which it invades the host root. In tomato, strigolactones (SLs) are the main germination stimulants for P. ramosa . Therefore, the development of low SL-producing lines may be an approach to combat the parasitic weed problem. However, since SLs are also a plant hormone controlling many aspects of plant development, SL deficiency may also have an effect on post-germination stages of the infection process, during the parasite-host interaction. In this study, we show that SL-deficient tomato plants ( Solanum lycopersicum; SlCCD8 RNAi lines), infected with pre-germinated P. ramosa seeds, display an increased infection level and faster development of the parasite, which suggests a positive role for SLs in the host defense against parasitic plant invasion. Furthermore, we show that SL-deficient tomato plants lose their characteristic SL-deficient phenotype during an infection with P. ramosa through a reduction in the number of internodes and the number and length of secondary branches. Infection with P. ramosa resulted in increased levels of abscisic acid (ABA) in the leaves and roots of both wild type and SL-deficient lines. Upon parasite infection, the level of the conjugate ABA-glucose ester (ABA-GE) also increased in leaves of both wild type and SL-deficient lines and in roots of one SL-deficient line. The uninfected SL-deficient lines had a higher leaf ABA-GE level than the wild type. Despite the high levels of ABA, stomatal aperture and water loss rate were not affected by parasite infection in the SL-deficient line, while in wild type tomato stomatal aperture and water loss increased upon infection. Future studies are needed to further underpin the role that SLs play in the interaction of hosts with parasitic plants and which other plant hormones interact with the SLs during this process.

CO2 infrared emission as a diagnostic of planet-forming regions of disks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bosman, Arthur D.; Bruderer, Simon; van Dishoeck, Ewine F.

2017-05-01

Context. The infrared ro-vibrational emission lines from organic molecules in the inner regions of protoplanetary disks are unique probes of the physical and chemical structure of planet-forming regions and the processes that shape them. These observed lines are mostly interpreted with local thermal equilibrium (LTE) slab models at a single temperature. Aims: We aim to study the non-LTE excitation effects of carbon dioxide (CO2) in a full disk model to evaluate: (I) what the emitting regions of the different CO2 ro-vibrational bands are; (II) how the CO2 abundance can be best traced using CO2 ro-vibrational lines using future JWST data and; (III) what the excitation and abundances tell us about the inner disk physics and chemistry. CO2 is a major ice component and its abundance can potentially test models with migrating icy pebbles across the iceline. Methods: A full non-LTE CO2 excitation model has been built starting from experimental and theoretical molecular data. The characteristics of the model are tested using non-LTE slab models. Subsequently the CO2 line formation was modelled using a two-dimensional disk model representative of T Tauri disks where CO2 is detected in the mid-infrared by the Spitzer Space Telescope. Results: The CO2 gas that emits in the 15 μm and 4.5 μm regions of the spectrum is not in LTE and arises in the upper layers of disks, pumped by infrared radiation. The v2 15 μm feature is dominated by optically thick emission for most of the models that fit the observations and increases linearly with source luminosity. Its narrowness compared with that of other molecules stems from a combination of the low rotational excitation temperature ( 250 K) and the inherently narrower feature for CO2. The inferred CO2 abundances derived for observed disks range from 3 × 10-9 to 1 × 10-7 with respect to total gas density for typical gas/dust ratios of 1000, similar to earlier LTE disk estimates. Line-to-continuum ratios are low, in the order of a few percent, stressing the need for high signal-to-noise (S/N > 300) observations for individual line detections. Conclusions: The inferred CO2 abundances are much lower than those found in interstellar ices ( 10-5), indicating a reset of the chemistry by high temperature reactions in the inner disk. JWST-MIRI with its higher spectral resolving power will allow a much more accurate retrieval of abundances from individual P- and R-branch lines, together with the 13CO2Q-branch at 15 μm. The 13CO2Q-branch is particularly sensitive to possible enhancements of CO2 due to sublimation of migrating icy pebbles at the iceline(s). Prospects for JWST-NIRSpec are discussed as well.

Three-dimensional reconstruction of Haversian systems in human cortical bone using synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT: morphology and quantification of branching and transverse connections across age.

PubMed

Maggiano, Isabel S; Maggiano, Corey M; Clement, John G; Thomas, C David L; Carter, Yasmin; Cooper, David M L

2016-05-01

This study uses synchrotron radiation-based micro-computed tomography (CT) scans to reconstruct three-dimensional networks of Haversian systems in human cortical bone in order to observe and analyse interconnectivity of Haversian systems and the development of total Haversian networks across different ages. A better knowledge of how Haversian systems interact with each other is essential to improve understanding of remodeling mechanisms and bone maintenance; however, previous methodological approaches (e.g. serial sections) did not reveal enough detail to follow the specific morphology of Haversian branching, for example. Accordingly, the aim of the present study was to identify the morphological diversity of branching patterns and transverse connections, and to understand how they change with age. Two types of branching morphologies were identified: lateral branching, resulting in small osteon branches bifurcating off of larger Haversian canals; and dichotomous branching, the formation of two new osteonal branches from one. The reconstructions in this study also suggest that Haversian systems frequently target previously existing systems as a path for their course, resulting in a cross-sectional morphology frequently referred to as 'type II osteons'. Transverse connections were diverse in their course from linear to oblique to curvy. Quantitative assessment of age-related trends indicates that while in younger human individuals transverse connections were most common, in older individuals more evidence of connections resulting from Haversian systems growing inside previously existing systems was found. Despite these changes in morphological characteristics, a relatively constant degree of overall interconnectivity is maintained throughout life. Altogether, the present study reveals important details about Haversian systems and their relation to each other that can be used towards a better understanding of cortical bone remodeling as well as a more accurate interpretation of morphological variants of osteons in cross-sectional microscopy. Permitting visibility of reversal lines, synchrotron radiation-based micro-CT is a valuable tool for the reconstruction of Haversian systems, and future analyses have the potential to further improve understanding of various important aspects of bone growth, maintenance and health. © 2016 Anatomical Society.

[Injuries: preventive approach and progress of injuries in the construction of the line B1 of the underground of Rome].

PubMed

Saggio, G; Conti, E; Valentini, F; De Sio, L; Capano, M Perrone

2010-01-01

The line B1 is a branch of the existing Metro line B in Rome. The route is long about 5 km, is completely underground and involves the construction of four new stations: Annibaliano, Libia /Gondar, Conca d'Oro and Jonio. The line will have a capacity of transport of 24,000 people/hour in each direction. The works started in 2006 involve about 500 workers. The report provides a statistical analysis of the events that occurred in the period 2005/2010 and aims to introduce the starting and management of this study, also on the basis of the "Operating procedures" issued by the acquisition of OSHAS 18001 certification from the agent of Metro B) / R.I.M.A.T.I. This analysis aims to provide to supervisors, to social security institutions and to workers, a usefull analysis tool in the prevention of the monitored events.

Multispectrum analysis of air-broadened spectra in the ν3 Q branch of 12CH4

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Gamache, Robert R.; Tran, H.; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Sams, Robert L.

2018-02-01

We report experimental measurements of spectral line shape parameters (air-broadened width, shift, and line mixing coefficients) for several transitions in the ν3 Q branch of methane in the 3000-3023 cm-1 region. 13 high-resolution, room temperature laboratory spectra of pure methane and air-broadened methane recorded with two different Fourier transform spectrometers are fitted. 12 of these spectra were acquired at 0.01 cm-1 resolution with the McMath-Pierce FTS at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, and one higher-resolution (∼0.0011 cm-1) low pressure methane spectrum was obtained with the Bruker IFS-120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, in Richland, Washington. All the spectra were obtained using high purity natural samples of CH4 and lean mixtures of the same natural CH4 in dry air. For the 12 spectra recorded at Kitt Peak, three different absorption cells (L = 5, 25 and 150 cm) were used while the methane spectrum at PNNL was obtained using a 19.95 cm long absorption cell. For the analysis, an interactive multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting software was employed where all the 13 spectra were fitted simultaneously. An accurate and self-consistent set of line parameters were determined by constraining a few of those for severely blended transitions. Line mixing was measured for 14 transition pairs for the CH4-air collision system. A constant speed dependence parameter, consistent with measured speed dependence values obtained in other methane bands, was applied to all the transitions included in the fitted region. The present measurements are compared to values reported in the literature.

Multispectrum analysis of air-broadened spectra in the ν 3 Q branch of 12CH4

DOE PAGES

Devi, V. Malathy; Benner, D. Chris; Gamache, Robert R.; ...

2017-12-06

In this paper, we report experimental measurements of spectral line shape parameters (air-broadened width, shift, and line mixing coefficients) for several transitions in the ν 3 Q branch of methane in the 3000–3023 cm -1 region. 13 high-resolution, room temperature laboratory spectra of pure methane and air-broadened methane recorded with two different Fourier transform spectrometers are fitted. 12 of these spectra were acquired at 0.01 cm -1 resolution with the McMath-Pierce FTS at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, and one higher-resolution (~0.0011 cm-1) low pressure methane spectrum was obtained with the Bruker IFS-120HR FTS at the Pacific Northwestmore » National Laboratory, in Richland, Washington. All the spectra were obtained using high purity natural samples of CH 4 and lean mixtures of the same natural CH 4 in dry air. For the 12 spectra recorded at Kitt Peak, three different absorption cells (L= 5, 25 and 150 cm) were used while the methane spectrum at PNNL was obtained using a 19.95 cm long absorption cell. For the analysis, an interactive multispectrum nonlinear least squares fitting software was employed where all the 13 spectra were fitted simultaneously. An accurate and self-consistent set of line parameters were determined by constraining a few of those for severely blended transitions. Line mixing was measured for fourteen transition pairs for the CH 4-air collision system. Lastly, a constant speed dependence parameter, consistent with measured speed dependence values obtained in other methane bands, was applied to all the transitions included in the fitted region. The present measurements are compared to values reported in the literature.« less

Balancing Dialogue: Understanding Influences on U.S. Civil Military Relations Within a Whole-of-Government Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-01

the only hope is for Congress to do it. The services are so parochial and powerful, there’s no way the executive branch will ever get it done.”32...Professional Military Ethic and Political Dissent: Has the Line Moved?” The Land Warfare Papers no. 83 (August 2011). Huntington, Samuel P. The Soldier

Injection of benomyl into elm, oak & maple

Treesearch

Garold F. Gregory; Thomas W. Jones; Percy McWain; Percy McWain

1971-01-01

A newly devised apparatus using pressure to inject fluids into trees was used to inject solubilized benomyl into elms, oaks, and maples. In October and November, injections were made into the outer two annual rings of sapwood at points 2 to 3 feet above ground line. One to 3 weeks after injection, the trees were sampled; and positive bioassays were obtained from branch...

76 FR 4739 - Notice of Public Meeting and Request for Comments on the Potential Revision of the Branch...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-26

..., not only addressing blending, but also the remainder of the CA BTP topics that address mathematical... any one of the following methods. Please include Docket ID NRC-2011-0022 in the subject line of your... available documents related to this notice using the following methods: NRC's Public Document Room (PDR...

The NH3 spectrum in Saturn's 5 micron window

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bjoraker, G. L.; Fink, U.; Larson, H. P.; Johnson, J. R.

1983-01-01

Spectra of Saturn's 5-micron window were obtained at the Infrared Telescope Facility on Mauna Kea, Hawaii. The spectra have a resolution of 1.2/cm, and some exhibit extremely low amounts of approximately 300-micron ppt telluric H2O. The Saturn spectra show absorptions by the 2nu2 band of NH3. Long-path laboratory comparison spectra of NH3 were acquired and show considerable deviations in intensity from theoretical predictions. The calibration of Saturn's observed NH3 features with the laboratory data gives 2.0 + or - 0.5 m-amagat of NH3 using the 2nu2 Q-branch at 5.32 microns. The R(1) and R(2) lines yield an abundance about 3 times greater. Absorptions outside the range of the Q-branch can be accounted for by solid NH3 of 10-20 microns equivalent path length. The origin of Saturn's 5-micron flux is mostly thermal with some admixture of solar reflected radiation. A depletion of Saturn's NH3 abundance below the solar value is indicated, but confirmation of this conclusion will require a better understanding of the atmospheric penetration depth at 5 microns and more rigorous modeling of the spectral line formation.

Branching Ratios for The Radiometric Calibration of EUNIS-2012

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Daw, Adrian N.; Bhatia, A. K.; Rabin, Douglas M.

2012-01-01

The Extreme Ultraviolet Normal Incidence Spectrograph (EUNIS) sounding rocket instrument is a two-channel imaging spectrograph that observes the solar corona and transition region with high spectral resolution and a rapid cadence made possible by unprecedented sensitivity. The upcoming flight will incorporate a new wavelength channel covering the range 524-630 Angstroms, the previously-flown 300-370 Angstroms channel, and the first flight demonstration of cooled active pixel sensor (APS) arrays. The new 524-630 Angstrom channel incorporates a Toroidal Varied Line Space (TVLS) grating coated with B4C/Ir, providing broad spectral coverage and a wide temperature range of 0.025 to 10 MK. Absolute radiometric calibration of the two channels is being performed using a hollow cathode discharge lamp and NIST-calibrated AXUV-100G photodiode. Laboratory observations of He I 584 Angstroms and He II 304 Angstroms provide absolute radiometric calibrations of the two channels at those two respective wavelengths by using the AXUV photodiode as a transfer standard. The spectral responsivity is being determined by observing line pairs with a common upper state in the spectra of Ne I-III and Ar II-III. Calculations of A-values for the observed branching ratios are in progress.

Branched chain amino acid suppressed insulin-initiated proliferation of human cancer cells through induction of autophagy.

PubMed

Wubetu, Gizachew Yismaw; Utsunomiya, Tohru; Ishikawa, Daichi; Ikemoto, Tetsuya; Yamada, Shinichiro; Morine, Yuji; Iwahashi, Shuichi; Saito, Yu; Arakawa, Yusuke; Imura, Satoru; Arimochi, Hideki; Shimada, Mitsuo

2014-09-01

Branched chain amino acid (BCAA) dietary supplementation inhibits activation of the insulin-like growth factor (IGF)/IGF-I receptor (IGF-IR) axis in diabetic animal models. However, the in vitro effect of BCAA on human cancer cell lines under hyper-insulinemic conditions remains unclear. Colon (HCT-116) and hepatic (HepG2) tumor cells were treated with varying concentrations of BCAA with or without fluorouracil (5-FU). The effect of BCAA on insulin-initiated proliferation was determined. Gene and protein expression was analyzed by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and western blotting, respectively. BCAA supplementation had no significant effect on cell proliferation and did not show significant synergistic or antagonistic effects with 5-FU. However, BCAA significantly decreased insulin-initiated proliferation of human colon and hepatic cancer cell lines in vitro. BCAA supplementation caused a marked decrease in activated IGF-IR expression and significantly enhanced both mRNA and protein expression of LC3-II and BECN1 (BECLIN-1). BCAA could be a useful chemopreventive modality for cancer in hyperinsulinemic conditions. Copyright© 2014 International Institute of Anticancer Research (Dr. John G. Delinassios), All rights reserved.

The Relaxation Matrix for Symmetric Tops with Inversion Symmetry. II; Line Mixing Effects in the V1 Band of NH3

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boulet, C.; Ma, Q.

2016-01-01

Line mixing effects have been calculated in the ?1 parallel band of self-broadened NH3. The theoretical approach is an extension of a semi-classical model to symmetric-top molecules with inversion symmetry developed in the companion paper [Q. Ma and C. Boulet, J. Chem. Phys. 144, 224303 (2016)]. This model takes into account line coupling effects and hence enables the calculation of the entire relaxation matrix. A detailed analysis of the various coupling mechanisms is carried out for Q and R inversion doublets. The model has been applied to the calculation of the shape of the Q branch and of some R manifolds for which an obvious signature of line mixing effects has been experimentally demonstrated. Comparisons with measurements show that the present formalism leads to an accurate prediction of the available experimental line shapes. Discrepancies between the experimental and theoretical sets of first order mixing parameters are discussed as well as some extensions of both theory and experiment.

A Mathematical Study on “Additive Technique” Versus “Branch and Bound Technique” for Solving Binary Programming Problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sufahani, Suliadi; Ghazali Kamardan, M.; Saifullah Rusiman, Mohd; Mohamad, Mahathir; Khalid, Kamil; Ali, Maselan; Khalid, Kamal; Nawawi, MKM; Ahmad, Asmala

2018-04-01

A solid body needs adequate supplements from nourishment that we eat each day. Eating pretty much than what our body needs will prompt lack of healthy sustenance (under-nourishment and over-nourishment). In Malaysia, a few reviews have been directed to examine the wholesome status of Malaysians, particularly among youngsters and youths. However there are different methods for taking care of the menu arranging issue and in this paper Binary Programming (BP) is executed. Separately, “Additive Technique (AT)” and “Branch and Bound Technique (BBT)” are utilized as a part of BP. Both methodologies utilize diverse systems and might yield distinctive ideal arrangements. Along these lines, this study expects to build up a scientific model for eating regimen arranging that meets the essential supplement admission and look at the outcomes yield through additive substance and branch and bound methodologies. The information was gathered from different all inclusive schools and furthermore from the Ministry of Education. The model was illuminated by utilizing the Balas Algorithm through AT and Binary Programming through BBT.

Fuel control for gas turbine with continuous pilot flame

DOEpatents

Swick, Robert M.

1983-01-01

An improved fuel control for a gas turbine engine having a continuous pilot flame and a fuel distribution system including a pump drawing fuel from a source and supplying a line to the main fuel nozzle of the engine, the improvement being a control loop between the pump outlet and the pump inlet to bypass fuel, an electronically controlled throttle valve to restrict flow in the control loop when main nozzle demand exists and to permit substantially unrestricted flow without main nozzle demand, a minimum flow valve in the control loop downstream of the throttle valve to maintain a minimum pressure in the loop ahead of the flow valve, a branch tube from the pilot flame nozzle to the control loop between the throttle valve and the minimum flow valve, an orifice in the branch tube, and a feedback tube from the branch tube downstream of the orifice to the minimum flow valve, the minimum flow valve being operative to maintain a substantially constant pressure differential across the orifice to maintain constant fuel flow to the pilot flame nozzle.

Far-ultraviolet spectroscopy of the hot DA white dwarf WD 2218+706 (DeHt5) with STIS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barstow, M. A.; Bannister, N. P.; Holberg, J. B.; Hubeny, I.; Bruhweiler, F. C.; Napiwotzki, R.

2001-08-01

We report a study of the photospheric composition of the hot DAQ3 white dwarf WD 2218+706, which is also the central star of the old planetary nebula DeHt5. Helium is detected in the far-UV spectrumQ4. In addition, the star clearly contains significant quantities of elements heavier than He at abundances generally a factor of 2 to 10 higher than those found in the archetypal heavy element-rich DA G191-B2B. This is the first detection of trace He using the Heii λ1640 line in an isolated DA white dwarf, but the low surface gravity is more indicative of a binary evolution route from the red giant branch rather than a path along the asymptotic giant branch (AGB) as a single star. However, the absence of any evidence for a companion star and the uncertainty in the measured mass for WD 2218+706 still allow the possibility of an origin along an AGB evolutionary track. We reanalyse the existing optical spectra of WD 2218+706 using our latest pure H and heavy element-rich model atmospheres, obtaining a good match between the observed and synthetic spectra with either set of models. We find little evidence of any inconsistency in the temperature required to fit individual Balmer lines, as reported elsewhere for this star. Any discrepancies we see are confined to the Hα line and the core of Hβ but they do not compromise our analysis.

Lambert W function for applications in physics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Veberič, Darko

2012-12-01

The Lambert W(x) function and its possible applications in physics are presented. The actual numerical implementation in C++ consists of Halley's and Fritsch's iterations with initial approximations based on branch-point expansion, asymptotic series, rational fits, and continued-logarithm recursion. Program summaryProgram title: LambertW Catalogue identifier: AENC_v1_0 Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AENC_v1_0.html Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen's University, Belfast, N. Ireland Licensing provisions: GNU General Public License version 3 No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 1335 No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 25 283 Distribution format: tar.gz Programming language: C++ (with suitable wrappers it can be called from C, Fortran etc.), the supplied command-line utility is suitable for other scripting languages like sh, csh, awk, perl etc. Computer: All systems with a C++ compiler. Operating system: All Unix flavors, Windows. It might work with others. RAM: Small memory footprint, less than 1 MB Classification: 1.1, 4.7, 11.3, 11.9. Nature of problem: Find fast and accurate numerical implementation for the Lambert W function. Solution method: Halley's and Fritsch's iterations with initial approximations based on branch-point expansion, asymptotic series, rational fits, and continued logarithm recursion. Additional comments: Distribution file contains the command-line utility lambert-w. Doxygen comments, included in the source files. Makefile. Running time: The tests provided take only a few seconds to run.

Branched-chain amino acids enhance cyst development in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

PubMed

Yamamoto, Junya; Nishio, Saori; Hattanda, Fumihiko; Nakazawa, Daigo; Kimura, Toru; Sata, Michio; Makita, Minoru; Ishikawa, Yasunobu; Atsumi, Tatsuya

2017-08-01

Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is characterized by the progressive development of kidney and liver cysts. The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) cascade is one of the important pathways regulating cyst growth in ADPKD. Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, play a crucial role to activate mTOR pathway. Therefore, we administered BCAA dissolved in the drinking water to Pkd1 flox/flox :Mx1-Cre (cystic) mice from four to 22 weeks of age after polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid-induced conditional Pkd1 knockout at two weeks of age. The BCAA group showed significantly greater kidney/body weight ratio and higher cystic index in both the kidney and liver compared to the placebo-treated mice. We found that the L-type amino acid transporter 1 that facilitates BCAA entry into cells is strongly expressed in cells lining the cysts. We also found increased cyst-lining cell proliferation and upregulation of mTOR and mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK/ERK) pathways in the BCAA group. In vitro, we cultured renal epithelial cell lines from Pkd1 null mice with or without leucine. Leucine was found to stimulate cell proliferation, as well as activate mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways in these cells. Thus, BCAA accelerated disease progression by mTOR and MAPK/ERK pathways. Hence, BCAA may be harmful to patients with ADPKD. Copyright © 2017 International Society of Nephrology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Dual Tank Fuel System

DOEpatents

Wagner, Richard William; Burkhard, James Frank; Dauer, Kenneth John

1999-11-16

A dual tank fuel system has primary and secondary fuel tanks, with the primary tank including a filler pipe to receive fuel and a discharge line to deliver fuel to an engine, and with a balance pipe interconnecting the primary tank and the secondary tank. The balance pipe opens close to the bottom of each tank to direct fuel from the primary tank to the secondary tank as the primary tank is filled, and to direct fuel from the secondary tank to the primary tank as fuel is discharged from the primary tank through the discharge line. A vent line has branches connected to each tank to direct fuel vapor from the tanks as the tanks are filled, and to admit air to the tanks as fuel is delivered to the engine.

Precise Wavelengths and Energy Levels for the Spectra of Cr I, Mn I, and Mn III, and Branching Fractions for the Spectra of Fe II and Cr II

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nave, Gillian

I propose to measure wavelengths and energy levels for the spectra of Cr I, Mn I, and Mn III covering the wavelength range 80 nm to 5500 nm, and oscillator strengths for Fe II and Cr II in the region 120 nm to 2500 nm. I shall also produce intensity calibrated atlases and linelists of the iron-neon and chromium-neon hollow cathode lamps that can be compared with astrophysical spectra. The spectra will be obtained from archival data from spectrometers at NIST and Kitt Peak National Observatory and additional experimental observations as necessary from Fourier transform (FT) and grating spectrometers at NIST. The wavelength uncertainty of the strong lines will be better than 1 part in 10^7. The radiometric calibration of the spectra will be improved in order to reduce the uncertainty of measured oscillator strengths in the near UV region and extend the wavelength range of these measurements down to 120 nm. These will complement and support the measurements of lifetimes and branching fractions by J. E. Lawler in the near UV region. An intensive effort by NIST and Imperial College London that was partly funded by previous NASA awards has resulted in comprehensive analyses of the spectra of Fe II, Cr II and Cu II, with similar analyses of Mn II, Ni II, and Sc II underway. The species included in this proposal will complete the analysis of the first two ionization stages of the elements titanium through nickel using the same techniques, and add the spectrum of Mn III - one of the most important doubly-ionized elements. The elements Cr I and Mn I give large numbers of spectral lines in spectra of cool stars and important absorption lines in the interstellar medium. The spectrum of Mn III is important in chemically peculiar stars and can often only be studied in the UV region. Analyses of many stellar spectra depend on comprehensive analyses of iron-group elements and are hampered by incomplete spectroscopic data. As a result of many decades of work by the group at the University of WisconsinMadison (UW) accurate lifetimes exist for many of the most important levels of the irongroup elements needed for the interpretation of astrophysical spectra. The accuracy of the oscillator strengths is now limited by the accuracy of the branching fractions, particularly when the branches from an upper level span a wide wavelength range that requires multiple calibration lamps. A laser-driven light source as a calibration lamp will reduce the calibration uncertainty in the UV region. Our FT and grating spectrometers will be used to extend the wavelength region of the measurements from 120 nm to 2500 nm. Fe II and Cr II give thousands of lines in the UV stellar spectra but accurate oscillator strengths are available only for a few hundred in each species. Many lines remain unidentified in the laboratory spectra of Fe/Ne and Cr/Ne hollow cathode lamps that correspond to lines in stellar spectra. The proposed atlases and linelists of these lamps will assist astronomers in confirming the species of these spectra lines and help them to identify lines of other elements in stellar spectra that are not blended with iron or chromium lines. These measurements will be of importance in interpreting spectra obtained from many current and future NASA missions including the Hubble Space Telescope, the James Webb Space Telescope and SOFIA. They will be particularly important in the analysis of spectra from the ASTRAL project - a large HST Treasury program that recorded the spectra of 29 bright and characteristic stars at high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. They will also be important for the interpretation of spectra from ground-based optical and infrared spectrographs. The proposed work thus supports the NASA Objective to explore the universe to understand its origin, structure, evolution and destiny

Shocks and finite-time singularities in Hele-Shaw flow

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Teodorescu, Razvan; Wiegmann, P; Lee, S-y

Hele-Shaw flow at vanishing surface tension is ill-defined. In finite time, the flow develops cusplike singularities. We show that the ill-defined problem admits a weak dispersive solution when singularities give rise to a graph of shock waves propagating in the viscous fluid. The graph of shocks grows and branches. Velocity and pressure jump across the shock. We formulate a few simple physical principles which single out the dispersive solution and interpret shocks as lines of decompressed fluid. We also formulate the dispersive solution in algebro-geometrical terms as an evolution of Krichever-Boutroux complex curve. We study in details the most genericmore » (2,3) cusp singularity which gives rise to an elementary branching event. This solution is self-similar and expressed in terms of elliptic functions.« less

[Ultrasound-guided cutaneous intercostal branches nerves block: A good analgesic alternative for gallbladder open surgery].

PubMed

Fernández Martín, M T; López Álvarez, S; Mozo Herrera, G; Platero Burgos, J J

2015-12-01

Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the standard treatment for gallbladder diseases. However, there are still some patients for whom conversion to open surgery is required. This surgery can produce significant post-operative pain. Opioids drugs have traditionally been used to treat this pain, but side effects have led to seeking alternatives (plexus, nerve or fascia blocks or wound). The cases are presented of 4 patients subjected to ultrasound-guided intercostal branches blocks in the mid-axillary line from T6 to T12 with levobupivacaine as an analgesic alternative in open surgery of gallbladder, with satisfactory results. Copyright © 2014 Sociedad Española de Anestesiología, Reanimación y Terapéutica del Dolor. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

Measurements and calculations of high-angular-momentum satellite transitions in Li 1s photoionization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, W. T.; Kukk, E.; Cubaynes, D.; Chang, J.-C.; Snell, G.; Bozek, J. D.; Wuilleumier, F. J.; Berrah, N.

2000-12-01

Lithium 1s photoelectron spectra are reported in high electron and photon energy resolution, with resolved LS term structure of the Li+ 1snl satellite transitions up to n=6. Branching ratios and anisotropy parameters of individual lines, determined over the 85-130 eV photon energy range, are compared with R-matrix calculations and with previous works. The high-angular-momentum satellite lines (L>=2) are found to contribute significantly to the 1snl satellite cross sections for n=3 and 4, and to become the dominant terms for n>=5. The high-angular-momentum lines exhibit the same photon-energy-dependence as the P-lines, providing experimental evidence that the continuum-continuum state coupling (equivalent to virtual electron collision processes) is responsible for the L>=1 terms in the satellite spectrum, in contrast to the electron relaxation (shake-up) mechanism responsible for the S-terms. The angular distribution of the lines in the Li+ 1snl, n=2-6 groups, determined at 110 eV photon energy, is in good agreement with calculations, showing more isotropic distributions for high-angular-momentum lines.

Outer layers of a carbon star: The view from the Hubble Space Telescope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, H. R.; Ensman, Lisa M.; Alexander, D. R.; Avrett, E. H.; Brown, A.; Carpenter, K. G.; Eriksson, K.; Gustafsson, B.; Jorgensen, U. G.; Judge, Philip D.

1995-01-01

To advance our understanding of the relationship between stellar chromospheres and mass loss, which is a common property of carbon stars and other asymptotic giant branch stars, we have obtained ultraviolet spectra of the nearby N-type carbon star UU Aur using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). In this paper we describe the HST observations, identify spectral features in both absorption and emission, and attempt to infer the velocity field in the chromosphere, upper troposphere, and circumstellar envelope from spectral line shifts. A mechanism for producing fluoresced emission to explain a previously unobserved emission line is proposed. Some related ground-based observations are also described.

Impact of down-regulation of starch branching enzyme IIb in rice by artificial microRNA- and hairpin RNA-mediated RNA silencing

PubMed Central

Butardo, Vito M.; Fitzgerald, Melissa A.; Bird, Anthony R.; Gidley, Michael J.; Flanagan, Bernadine M.; Larroque, Oscar; Resurreccion, Adoracion P.; Laidlaw, Hunter K. C.; Jobling, Stephen A.; Morell, Matthew K.; Rahman, Sadequr

2011-01-01

The inactivation of starch branching IIb (SBEIIb) in rice is traditionally associated with elevated apparent amylose content, increased peak gelatinization temperature, and a decreased proportion of short amylopectin branches. To elucidate further the structural and functional role of this enzyme, the phenotypic effects of down-regulating SBEIIb expression in rice endosperm were characterized by artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and hairpin RNA (hp-RNA) gene silencing. The results showed that RNA silencing of SBEIIb expression in rice grains did not affect the expression of other major isoforms of starch branching enzymes or starch synthases. Structural analyses of debranched starch showed that the doubling of apparent amylose content was not due to an increase in the relative proportion of amylose chains but instead was due to significantly elevated levels of long amylopectin and intermediate chains. Rices altered by the amiRNA technique produced a more extreme starch phenotype than those modified using the hp-RNA technique, with a greater increase in the proportion of long amylopectin and intermediate chains. The more pronounced starch structural modifications produced in the amiRNA lines led to more severe alterations in starch granule morphology and crystallinity as well as digestibility of freshly cooked grains. The potential role of attenuating SBEIIb expression in generating starch with elevated levels of resistant starch and lower glycaemic index is discussed. PMID:21791436

A strain-cue hypothesis for biological network formation

PubMed Central

Cox, Brian N.

2011-01-01

The direction of migration of a cell invading a host population is assumed to be controlled by the magnitude of the strains in the host medium (cells plus extracellular matrix) that arise as the host medium deforms to accommodate the invader. The single assumption that invaders are cued by strains external to themselves is sufficient to generate network structures. The strain induced by a line of invaders is greatest at the extremity of the line and thus the strain field breaks symmetry, stabilizing branch formation. The strain cue also triggers sprouting from existing branches, with no further model assumption. Network characteristics depend primarily on the ratio of the rate of advance of the invaders to the rate of relaxation of the host cells after their initial deformation. Intra-cell mechanisms that govern these two rates control network morphology. The strain field that cues an individual invader is a collective response of the combined cell populations, involving the nearest 100 cells, to order of magnitude, to any invader. The mechanism does not rely on the pre-existence of the entire host medium prior to invasion; the host cells need only maintain a layer several cells thick around each invader. Consistent with recent experiments, networks result only from a strain cue that is based on strain magnitudes. Spatial strain gradients do not break symmetry and therefore cannot stabilize branch formation. The theory recreates most of the geometrical features of the nervous network in the mouse gut when the most influential adjustable parameter takes a value consistent with one inferred from human and mouse amelogenesis. Because of similarity in the guiding local strain fields, strain cues could also be a participating factor in the formation of vascular networks. PMID:20671068

The Arabidopsis ROP-activated receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase RLCK VI_A3 is involved in control of basal resistance to powdery mildew and trichome branching.

PubMed

Reiner, Tina; Hoefle, Caroline; Huesmann, Christina; Ménesi, Dalma; Fehér, Attila; Hückelhoven, Ralph

2015-03-01

The Arabidopsis receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase AtRLCK VI_A3 is activated by AtROPs and is involved in trichome branching and pathogen interaction. Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases (RLCKs) belong to the large superfamily of receptor-like kinases, which are involved in a variety of cellular processes like plant growth, development and immune responses. Recent studies suggest that RLCKs of the VI_A subfamily are possible downstream effectors of the small monomeric G proteins of the plant-specific Rho family, called 'Rho of plants' (RAC/ROPs). Here, we describe Arabidopsis thaliana AtRLCK VI_A3 as a molecular interactor of AtROPs. In Arabidopsis epidermal cells, transient co-expression of plasma membrane located constitutively activated (CA) AtROP4 or CA AtROP6 resulting in the recruitment of green fluorescent protein-tagged AtRLCK VI_A3 to the cell periphery. Intrinsic kinase activity of AtRLCK VI_A3 was enhanced in the presence of CA AtROP6 in vitro and further suggested a functional interaction between the proteins. In the interaction of the biotrophic powdery mildew fungus Erysiphe cruciferarum (E. cruciferarum) and its host plant Arabidopsis, Atrlck VI_A3 mutant lines supported enhanced fungal reproduction. Furthermore Atrlck VI_A3 mutant lines showed slightly reduced size and an increase in trichome branch number compared to wild-type plants. In summary, our data suggest a role of the AtROP-regulated AtRLCK VI_A3 in basal resistance to E. cruciferarum as well as in plant growth and cellular differentiation during trichome morphogenesis. Results are discussed in the context of literature suggesting a function of RAC/ROPs in both resistance and susceptibility to pathogen infection.

Carbon isotope discrimination during branch photosynthesis of Fagus sylvatica: field measurements using laser spectrometry.

PubMed

Gentsch, Lydia; Sturm, Patrick; Hammerle, Albin; Siegwolf, Rolf; Wingate, Lisa; Ogée, Jérôme; Baur, Thomas; Plüss, Peter; Barthel, Matti; Buchmann, Nina; Knohl, Alexander

2014-04-01

On-line measurements of photosynthetic carbon isotope discrimination ((13)Δ) under field conditions are sparse. Hence, experimental verification of the natural variability of instantaneous (13)Δ is scarce, although (13)Δ is, explicitly and implicitly, used from leaf to global scales for inferring photosynthetic characteristics. This work presents the first on-line field measurements of (13)Δ of Fagus sylvatica branches, at hourly resolution, using three open branch bags and a laser spectrometer for CO₂ isotopologue measurements (QCLAS-ISO). Data from two August/September field campaigns, in 2009 and 2010, in a temperate forest in Switzerland are shown. Diurnal variability of (13)Δ was substantial, with mean diurnal amplitudes of ~9‰ and maximum diurnal amplitudes of ~20‰. The highest (13)Δ were generally observed during early morning and late afternoon, and the lowest (13)Δ during midday. An assessment of propagated standard deviations of (13)Δ demonstrated that the observed diurnal variation of (13)Δ was not a measurement artefact. Day-to-day variations of (13)Δ were summarized with flux-weighted daily means of (13)Δ, which ranged from 15‰ to 23‰ in 2009 and from 18‰ to 29‰ in 2010, thus displaying a considerable range of 8-11‰. Generally, (13)Δ showed the expected negative relationship with intrinsic water use efficiency. Diurnal and day-to-day variability of (13)Δ was, however, always better predicted by that of net CO₂ assimilation, especially in 2010 when soil moisture was high and vapour pressure deficit was low. Stomatal control of leaf gas exchange, and consequently (13)Δ, could only be identified under drier conditions in 2009.

46 CFR 76.13-90 - Installations contracted for prior to January 1, 1962.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... the cargo compartments and similar spaces shall be not less than 11/2-inch pipe size and shall emanate... small spaces may be taken from the nearest stream supply line and shall be not less than 3/4-inch pipe... distribution piping and the number of branches to the various spaces shall be as given in table 76.13-90(b)(4...

46 CFR 76.13-90 - Installations contracted for prior to January 1, 1962.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... the cargo compartments and similar spaces shall be not less than 11/2-inch pipe size and shall emanate... small spaces may be taken from the nearest stream supply line and shall be not less than 3/4-inch pipe... distribution piping and the number of branches to the various spaces shall be as given in table 76.13-90(b)(4...

46 CFR 76.13-90 - Installations contracted for prior to January 1, 1962.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... the cargo compartments and similar spaces shall be not less than 11/2-inch pipe size and shall emanate... small spaces may be taken from the nearest stream supply line and shall be not less than 3/4-inch pipe... distribution piping and the number of branches to the various spaces shall be as given in table 76.13-90(b)(4...

46 CFR 76.13-90 - Installations contracted for prior to January 1, 1962.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... the cargo compartments and similar spaces shall be not less than 11/2-inch pipe size and shall emanate... small spaces may be taken from the nearest stream supply line and shall be not less than 3/4-inch pipe... distribution piping and the number of branches to the various spaces shall be as given in table 76.13-90(b)(4...

46 CFR 76.13-90 - Installations contracted for prior to January 1, 1962.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... the cargo compartments and similar spaces shall be not less than 11/2-inch pipe size and shall emanate... small spaces may be taken from the nearest stream supply line and shall be not less than 3/4-inch pipe... distribution piping and the number of branches to the various spaces shall be as given in table 76.13-90(b)(4...

Investigations on dendrimer space reveal solid and liquid tumor growth-inhibition by original phosphorus-based dendrimers and the corresponding monomers and dendrons with ethacrynic acid motifs.

PubMed

El Brahmi, Nabil; Mignani, Serge M; Caron, Joachim; El Kazzouli, Saïd; Bousmina, Mosto M; Caminade, Anne-Marie; Cresteil, Thierry; Majoral, Jean-Pierre

2015-03-07

The well-known reactive diuretic ethacrynic acid (EA, Edecrin), with low antiproliferative activities, was chemically modified and grafted onto phosphorus dendrimers and the corresponding simple branched phosphorus dendron-like derivatives affording novel nanodevices showing moderate to strong antiproliferative activities against liquid and solid tumor cell lines, respectively.

PIRATS*: A Modified COURSEWRITER Plus Graphics for the DEC POP 11/20 (*Personalized Instructional, Remedial, and Tutorial System).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Turner, Ronald C.

A new system of computer-assisted instruction (CAI), developed at Whitworth College, is proposed called PIRATS. It is said to have the following advantages: (1) it uses an author language; (2) it provides facility for branching and responses to unpredicted answers; (3) lesson text is prepared off-line; (4) pictures can be used to accompany the…

Genome Re-Sequencing of Semi-Wild Soybean Reveals a Complex Soja Population Structure and Deep Introgression

PubMed Central

Wu, Sanling; Wang, Ying-Ying; Ye, Chu-Yu; Bai, Xuefei; Li, Zefeng; Yan, Chenghai; Wang, Weidi; Wang, Ziqiang; Shu, Qingyao; Xie, Jiahua; Lee, Suk-Ha; Fan, Longjiang

2014-01-01

Semi-wild soybean is a unique type of soybean that retains both wild and domesticated characteristics, which provides an important intermediate type for understanding the evolution of the subgenus Soja population in the Glycine genus. In this study, a semi-wild soybean line (Maliaodou) and a wild line (Lanxi 1) collected from the lower Yangtze regions were deeply sequenced while nine other semi-wild lines were sequenced to a 3-fold genome coverage. Sequence analysis revealed that (1) no independent phylogenetic branch covering all 10 semi-wild lines was observed in the Soja phylogenetic tree; (2) besides two distinct subpopulations of wild and cultivated soybean in the Soja population structure, all semi-wild lines were mixed with some wild lines into a subpopulation rather than an independent one or an intermediate transition type of soybean domestication; (3) high heterozygous rates (0.19–0.49) were observed in several semi-wild lines; and (4) over 100 putative selective regions were identified by selective sweep analysis, including those related to the development of seed size. Our results suggested a hybridization origin for the semi-wild soybean, which makes a complex Soja population structure. PMID:25265539

Application of HPLC to study the kinetics of a branched bi-enzyme system consisting of hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase and xanthine oxidase--an important biochemical system to evaluate the efficiency of the anticancer drug 6-mercaptopurine in ALL cell line.

PubMed

Kalra, Sukirti; Paul, Manash K; Balaram, Hemalatha; Mukhopadhyay, Anup Kumar

2007-05-01

The thiopurine antimetabolite 6-mercaptopurine (6MP) is an important chemotherapeutic drug in the conventional treatment of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). 6MP is mainly catabolized by both hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HGPRT) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) to form thioinosinic monophosphate (TIMP) (therapeutically active metabolite) and 6-thiouric acid (6TUA) (inactive metabolite), respectively. The activity of both the enzymes varies among ALL patients governing the active and the inactive metabolite profile within the immature lymphocytes. Therefore, an attempt was made to study the kinetic nature of the branched bi-enzyme system acting on 6MP and to quantitate TIMP and 6TUA formed when the two enzymes are present in equal and variable ratios. The quantification of the branched kinetics using spectrophotometric method presents problem due to the closely apposed lambda(max) of the substrates and products. Hence, employing an HPLC method, the quantification of the products was done with the progress of time. The limit of quantification (LOQ) of substrate was found to be 10nM and for products as 50 nM. The limit of detection (LOD) was found to be 1 nM for the substrate and the products. The method exhibited linearity in the range of 0.01-100 microM for 6MP and 0.05-100 microM for both 6TUA and TIMP. The amount of TIMP formed was higher than that of 6TUA in the bi-enzyme system when both the enzymes were present in equivalent enzymatic ratio. It was further found that enzymatic ratios play an important role in determining the amounts of TIMP and 6TUA. This method was further validated using actively growing T-ALL cell line (Jurkat) to study the branched kinetics, wherein it was observed that treatment of 50 microM 6MP led to the generation of 12 microM TIMP and 0.8 microM 6TUA in 6 h at 37 degrees C.

Evolutionary History of LINE-1 in the Major Clades of Placental Mammals

PubMed Central

Waters, Paul D.; Dobigny, Gauthier; Waddell, Peter J.; Robinson, Terence J.

2007-01-01

Background LINE-1 constitutes an important component of mammalian genomes. It has a dynamic evolutionary history characterized by the rise, fall and replacement of subfamilies. Most data concerning LINE-1 biology and evolution are derived from the human and mouse genomes and are often assumed to hold for all placentals. Methodology To examine LINE-1 relationships, sequences from the 3′ region of the reverse transcriptase from 21 species (representing 13 orders across Afrotheria, Xenarthra, Supraprimates and Laurasiatheria) were obtained from whole genome sequence assemblies, or by PCR with degenerate primers. These sequences were aligned and analysed. Principal Findings Our analysis reflects accepted placental relationships suggesting mostly lineage-specific LINE-1 families. The data provide clear support for several clades including Glires, Supraprimates, Laurasiatheria, Boreoeutheria, Xenarthra and Afrotheria. Within the afrotherian LINE-1 (AfroLINE) clade, our tree supports Paenungulata, Afroinsectivora and Afroinsectiphillia. Xenarthran LINE-1 (XenaLINE) falls sister to AfroLINE, providing some support for the Atlantogenata (Xenarthra+Afrotheria) hypothesis. Significance LINEs and SINEs make up approximately half of all placental genomes, so understanding their dynamics is an essential aspect of comparative genomics. Importantly, a tree of LINE-1 offers a different view of the root, as long edges (branches) such as that to marsupials are shortened and/or broken up. Additionally, a robust phylogeny of diverse LINE-1 is essential in testing that site-specific LINE-1 insertions, often regarded as homoplasy-free phylogenetic markers, are indeed unique and not convergent. PMID:17225861

Widespread HCN maser emission in carbon-rich evolved stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Menten, K. M.; Wyrowski, F.; Keller, D.; Kamiński, T.

2018-05-01

Context. HCN is a major constituent of the circumstellar envelopes of carbon-rich evolved stars, and rotational lines from within its vibrationally excited states probe parts of these regions closest to the stellar surface. A number of such lines are known to show maser action. Historically, in one of them, the 177 GHz J = 2 → 1 line in the l-doubled bending mode has been found to show relatively strong maser action, with results only published for a single object, the archetypical high-mass loss asymptotic giant branch (AGB) star IRC+10216. Aims: To examine how common 177 GHz HCN maser emission is, we conducted an exploratory survey for this line toward a select sample of carbon-rich asymptotic giant branch stars that are observable from the southern hemisphere. Methods: We used the Atacama Pathfinder Experiment 12 meter submillimeter Telescope (APEX) equipped with a new receiver to simultaneously observe three J = 2 → 1 HCN rotational transitions, the (0, 11c, 0) and (0, 11d, 0) l-doublet components, and the line from the (0,0,0) ground state. Results: The (0, 11c, 0) maser line is detected toward 11 of 13 observed sources, which all show emission in the (0,0,0) transition. In most of the sources, the peak intensity of the (0, 11c, 0) line rivals that of the (0,0,0) line; in two sources, it is even stronger. Except for the object with the highest mass-loss rate, IRC+10216, the (0, 11c, 0) line covers a smaller velocity range than the (0,0,0) line. The (0, 11d, 0) line, which is detected in four of the sources, is much weaker than the other two lines and covers a velocity range that is smaller yet, again except for IRC+10216. Compared to its first detection in 1989, the profile of the (0, 11c, 0) line observed toward IRC+10216 looks very different, and we also appear to see variability in the (0,0,0) line profile (at a much lower degree). Our limited information on temporal variabilitydisfavors a strong correlation of maser and stellar continuum flux. Conclusions: Maser emission in the 177 GHz J = 2 → 1 (0, 11c, 0) line of HCN appears to be common in carbon-rich AGB stars. Like for other vibrationally excited HCN lines, our observations indicate that the origin of these lines is in the acceleration zone of the stellar outflow in which dust is forming. For all the stars toward which we detect the maser line, the number of photons available at 7 and 14 μm, corresponding to transitions to vibrationally excited states possibly involved in its pumping, is found to be far greater than that of the maser photons, which makes radiative pumping feasible. Other findings point to a collisional pumping scheme, however. The reduced spectra (FITS files) are only available at the CDS via anonymous ftp to http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr (http://130.79.128.5) or via http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/qcat?J/A+A/613/A49

The transition from linear to highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s: Branching matters for gene delivery

PubMed Central

Zhou, Dezhong; Cutlar, Lara; Gao, Yongsheng; Wang, Wei; O’Keeffe-Ahern, Jonathan; McMahon, Sean; Duarte, Blanca; Larcher, Fernando; Rodriguez, Brian J.; Greiser, Udo; Wang, Wenxin

2016-01-01

Nonviral gene therapy holds great promise but has not delivered treatments for clinical application to date. Lack of safe and efficient gene delivery vectors is the major hurdle. Among nonviral gene delivery vectors, poly(β-amino ester)s are one of the most versatile candidates because of their wide monomer availability, high polymer flexibility, and superior gene transfection performance both in vitro and in vivo. However, to date, all research has been focused on vectors with a linear structure. A well-accepted view is that dendritic or branched polymers have greater potential as gene delivery vectors because of their three-dimensional structure and multiple terminal groups. Nevertheless, to date, the synthesis of dendritic or branched polymers has been proven to be a well-known challenge. We report the design and synthesis of highly branched poly(β-amino ester)s (HPAEs) via a one-pot “A2 + B3 + C2”–type Michael addition approach and evaluate their potential as gene delivery vectors. We find that the branched structure can significantly enhance the transfection efficiency of poly(β-amino ester)s: Up to an 8521-fold enhancement in transfection efficiency was observed across 12 cell types ranging from cell lines, primary cells, to stem cells, over their corresponding linear poly(β-amino ester)s (LPAEs) and the commercial transfection reagents polyethyleneimine, SuperFect, and Lipofectamine 2000. Moreover, we further demonstrate that HPAEs can correct genetic defects in vivo using a recessive dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa graft mouse model. Our findings prove that the A2 + B3 + C2 approach is highly generalizable and flexible for the design and synthesis of HPAEs, which cannot be achieved by the conventional polymerization approach; HPAEs are more efficient vectors in gene transfection than the corresponding LPAEs. This provides valuable insight into the development and applications of nonviral gene delivery and demonstrates great prospect for their translation to a clinical environment. PMID:27386572

Transition probabilities of Ce I obtained from Boltzmann analysis of visible and near-infrared emission spectra

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nitz, D. E.; Curry, J. J.; Buuck, M.; DeMann, A.; Mitchell, N.; Shull, W.

2018-02-01

We report radiative transition probabilities for 5029 emission lines of neutral cerium within the wavelength range 417-1110 nm. Transition probabilities for only 4% of these lines have been previously measured. These results are obtained from a Boltzmann analysis of two high resolution Fourier transform emission spectra used in previous studies of cerium, obtained from the digital archives of the National Solar Observatory at Kitt Peak. The set of transition probabilities used for the Boltzmann analysis are those published by Lawler et al (2010 J. Phys. B: At. Mol. Opt. Phys. 43 085701). Comparisons of branching ratios and transition probabilities for lines common to the two spectra provide important self-consistency checks and test for the presence of self-absorption effects. Estimated 1σ uncertainties for our transition probability results range from 10% to 18%.

Measurement of HCl absorption coefficients with a DF laser

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bair, C. H.; Allario, F.

1977-01-01

Absorption coefficients in the fundamental P-branch of HCl at several DF laser transitions from 2439.02/cm to 2862.87/cm have been measured experimentally. The 2-1 P(3) DF laser transition has been shown to overlap the P(6) HCl-37 absorption line within the halfwidth of an atmospherically broadened line. The absorption coefficient k was measured to be 5.64 plus or minus 0.28/(atm-cm) for a 0.27% mixture of HCl in N2 at a total pressure of 760 torr. A theoretical and experimental comparison of the pressure dependence of k showed that the 2-1 P(3) DF transition lies 1.32 plus or minus 0.15 GHz from the center of the P(6) HCl absorption line. Applications of these results to differential absorption lidar and to heterodyne detection are discussed.

Pure-rotational H2 thermometry by ultrabroadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy.

PubMed

Courtney, Trevor L; Bohlin, Alexis; Patterson, Brian D; Kliewer, Christopher J

2017-06-14

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a sensitive technique for probing highly luminous flames in combustion applications to determine temperatures and species concentrations. CARS thermometry has been demonstrated for the vibrational Q-branch and pure-rotational S-branch of several small molecules. Practical advantages of pure-rotational CARS, such as multi-species detection, reduction of coherent line mixing and collisional narrowing even at high pressures, and the potential for more precise thermometry, have motivated experimental and theoretical advances in S-branch CARS of nitrogen (N 2 ), for example, which is a dominant species in air-fed combustion processes. Although hydrogen (H 2 ) is of interest given its prevalence as a reactant and product in many gas-phase reactions, laser bandwidth limitations have precluded the extension of CARS thermometry to the H 2 S-branch. We demonstrate H 2 thermometry using hybrid femtosecond/picosecond pure-rotational CARS, in which a broadband pump/Stokes pulse enables simultaneous excitation of the set of H 2 S-branch transitions populated at flame temperatures over the spectral region of 0-2200 cm -1 . We present a pure-rotational H 2 CARS spectral model for data fitting and compare extracted temperatures to those from simultaneously collected N 2 spectra in two systems of study: a heated flow and a diffusion flame on a Wolfhard-Parker slot burner. From 300 to 650 K in the heated flow, the H 2 and N 2 CARS extracted temperatures are, on average, within 2% of the set temperature. For flame measurements, the fitted H 2 and N 2 temperatures are, on average, within 5% of each other from 300 to 1600 K. Our results confirm the viability of pure-rotational H 2 CARS thermometry for probing combustion reactions.

Pure-rotational H2 thermometry by ultrabroadband coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Courtney, Trevor L.; Bohlin, Alexis; Patterson, Brian D.; Kliewer, Christopher J.

2017-06-01

Coherent anti-Stokes Raman spectroscopy (CARS) is a sensitive technique for probing highly luminous flames in combustion applications to determine temperatures and species concentrations. CARS thermometry has been demonstrated for the vibrational Q-branch and pure-rotational S-branch of several small molecules. Practical advantages of pure-rotational CARS, such as multi-species detection, reduction of coherent line mixing and collisional narrowing even at high pressures, and the potential for more precise thermometry, have motivated experimental and theoretical advances in S-branch CARS of nitrogen (N2), for example, which is a dominant species in air-fed combustion processes. Although hydrogen (H2) is of interest given its prevalence as a reactant and product in many gas-phase reactions, laser bandwidth limitations have precluded the extension of CARS thermometry to the H2 S-branch. We demonstrate H2 thermometry using hybrid femtosecond/picosecond pure-rotational CARS, in which a broadband pump/Stokes pulse enables simultaneous excitation of the set of H2 S-branch transitions populated at flame temperatures over the spectral region of 0-2200 cm-1. We present a pure-rotational H2 CARS spectral model for data fitting and compare extracted temperatures to those from simultaneously collected N2 spectra in two systems of study: a heated flow and a diffusion flame on a Wolfhard-Parker slot burner. From 300 to 650 K in the heated flow, the H2 and N2 CARS extracted temperatures are, on average, within 2% of the set temperature. For flame measurements, the fitted H2 and N2 temperatures are, on average, within 5% of each other from 300 to 1600 K. Our results confirm the viability of pure-rotational H2 CARS thermometry for probing combustion reactions.

Solid State Technology Branch of NASA Lewis Research Center Second Annual Digest, June 1989 - June 1990

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1990-01-01

A collection of papers and presentations authored by the branch between June 1989 and June 1990 is presented. The papers are organized into four sections. Section 1 deals with research in microwave circuits and includes full integrated circuits, the demonstration of optical/RF interfaces, and the evaluation of some hybrid circuitry. Section 2 indicates developments in coplanar waveguides and their use in breadboard circuits. Section 3 addresses high temperature superconductivity and includes: thin film deposition, transport measurement of film characteristics, RF surface resistant measurements, substrate permittivity measurements, measurements of microstrip line characteristics at cryogenic temperatures, patterning of superconducting films, and evaluation of simple passive microstrip circuitry based on YBaCuO films. Section 4 deals with carbon films, silicon carbide, GaAs/AlGaAs, HgCdTe, and other materials.

Retrieval of methanol absorption parameters at terahertz frequencies using multispectral fitting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Slocum, David M.; Xu, Li-Hong; Giles, Robert H.; Goyette, Thomas M.

2015-12-01

A high-resolution broadband study of the methanol absorption spectrum was performed at 1.480-1.495 THz. The transmittance was recorded under both self- and air-broadening conditions for multiple pressures at a resolution of 500 kHz. A multispectral fitting analysis was then performed. The transition frequency, absolute intensity, self- and air-broadening coefficients, and self- and air-induced pressure shifts were retrieved for 221 absorption lines using the multispectral fitting routine. Observed in the data were two different series of transitions, both a b-type Q-branch with K = - 7 ← - 6 and an a-type R-branch with J = 31 ← 30 . The retrieved frequency position values were compared with values from spectral databases and trends within the different series were identified. An analysis of the precision of the fitting routine was also performed.

Lifetime measurements and oscillator strengths in singly ionized scandium and the solar abundance of scandium

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pehlivan Rhodin, A.; Belmonte, M. T.; Engström, L.; Lundberg, H.; Nilsson, H.; Hartman, H.; Pickering, J. C.; Clear, C.; Quinet, P.; Fivet, V.; Palmeri, P.

2017-12-01

The lifetimes of 17 even-parity levels (3d5s, 3d4d, 3d6s and 4p2) in the region 57 743-77 837 cm-1 of singly ionized scandium (Sc II) were measured by two-step time-resolved laser induced fluorescence spectroscopy. Oscillator strengths of 57 lines from these highly excited upper levels were derived using a hollow cathode discharge lamp and a Fourier transform spectrometer. In addition, Hartree-Fock calculations where both the main relativistic and core-polarization effects were taken into account were carried out for both low- and high-excitation levels. There is a good agreement for most of the lines between our calculated branching fractions and the measurements of Lawler & Dakin in the region 9000-45 000 cm-1 for low excitation levels and with our measurements for high excitation levels in the region 23 500-63 100 cm-1. This, in turn, allowed us to combine the calculated branching fractions with the available experimental lifetimes to determine semi-empirical oscillator strengths for a set of 380 E1 transitions in Sc II. These oscillator strengths include the weak lines that were used previously to derive the solar abundance of scandium. The solar abundance of scandium is now estimated to logε⊙ = 3.04 ± 0.13 using these semi-empirical oscillator strengths to shift the values determined by Scott et al. The new estimated abundance value is in agreement with the meteoritic value (logεmet = 3.05 ± 0.02) of Lodders, Palme & Gail.

Worldwide Report, Arms Control

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-12-31

advertising overkill. The Americans will push on with their line irrespective of what happens on the NATO European flank. They are convinced of their...effect on civilian branches of the economy and on the general tone of the economy have long since become a stereotypical pattern of militarist...public sentiments for an end to them have showed in the known call of the leaders of six states of different continents, namely Argentina , Greece, Mexico

78 FR 60222 - Safety Zone; Motion Picture Stunt Work and Filming; Chicago, IL

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-01

..., 087[deg]31'47.12'' W (NAD 83). --All waters of the South Branch of the Chicago River from position 41...'' N, 087[deg]38'04.7'' W (NAD 83). --All waters of the Chicago River from an imaginary line connecting...[deg]52'36.4'' N, 087[deg]38'15.8'' W (NAD 83). --All waters of the Chicago River from the West Lake...

Critical behavior of two-dimensional vesicles in the deflated regime

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Banavar, Jayanth R.; Maritan, Amos; Stella, Attilio

1991-01-01

The critical behavior of two-dimensional vesicles in the deflated regime is studied analytically using a mapping onto a gauge model, scaling arguments, and exact inequalities. In agreement with the results of earlier studies the critical behavior is governed by a branched-polymer fixed point. The shape of the critical line in the gauge model is deduced in the weak and in the infinitely deflated regime.

Kinetics of Chemical Reactions in Flames

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zeldovich, Y.; Semenov, N.

1946-01-01

In part I of the paper the theory of flame propagation is developed along the lines followed by Frank-Kamenetsky and one of the writers. The development of chain processes in flames is considered. A basis is given for the application of the method of stationary concentrations to reactions in flames; reactions with branching chains are analyzed. The case of a diffusion coefficient different from the coefficient of temperature conductivity is considered.

Oligodendrocyte- and Neuron-Specific Nogo-A Restrict Dendritic Branching and Spine Density in the Adult Mouse Motor Cortex.

PubMed

Zemmar, Ajmal; Chen, Chia-Chien; Weinmann, Oliver; Kast, Brigitt; Vajda, Flora; Bozeman, James; Isaad, Noel; Zuo, Yi; Schwab, Martin E

2018-06-01

Nogo-A has been well described as a myelin-associated inhibitor of neurite outgrowth and functional neuroregeneration after central nervous system (CNS) injury. Recently, a new role of Nogo-A has been identified as a negative regulator of synaptic plasticity in the uninjured adult CNS. Nogo-A is present in neurons and oligodendrocytes. However, it is yet unclear which of these two pools regulate synaptic plasticity. To address this question we used newly generated mouse lines in which Nogo-A is specifically knocked out in (1) oligodendrocytes (oligoNogo-A KO) or (2) neurons (neuroNogo-A KO). We show that both oligodendrocyte- and neuron-specific Nogo-A KO mice have enhanced dendritic branching and spine densities in layer 2/3 cortical pyramidal neurons. These effects are compartmentalized: neuronal Nogo-A affects proximal dendrites whereas oligodendrocytic Nogo-A affects distal regions. Finally, we used two-photon laser scanning microscopy to measure the spine turnover rate of adult mouse motor cortex layer 5 cells and find that both Nogo-A KO mouse lines show enhanced spine remodeling after 4 days. Our results suggest relevant control functions of glial as well as neuronal Nogo-A for synaptic plasticity and open new possibilities for more selective and targeted plasticity enhancing strategies.

The GDNF Target Vsnl1 Marks the Ureteric Tip

PubMed Central

Ola, Roxana; Jakobson, Madis; Kvist, Jouni; Perälä, Nina; Kuure, Satu; Braunewell, Karl-Heinz; Bridgewater, Darren; Rosenblum, Norman D.; Chilov, Dmitri; Immonen, Tiina; Sainio, Kirsi

2011-01-01

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) is indispensable for ureteric budding and branching. If applied exogenously, GDNF promotes ectopic ureteric buds from the Wolffian duct. Although several downstream effectors of GDNF are known, the identification of early response genes is incomplete. Here, microarray screening detected several GDNF-regulated genes in the Wolffian duct, including Visinin like 1 (Vsnl1), which encodes a neuronal calcium-sensor protein. We observed renal Vsnl1 expression exclusively in the ureteric epithelium, but not in Gdnf-null kidneys. In the tissue culture of Gdnf-deficient kidney primordium, exogenous GDNF and alternative bud inducers (FGF7 and follistatin) restored Vsnl1 expression. Hence, Vsnl1 characterizes the tip of the ureteric bud epithelium regardless of the inducer. In the tips, Vsnl1 showed a mosaic expression pattern that was mutually exclusive with β-catenin transcriptional activation. Vsnl1 was downregulated in both β-catenin-stabilized and β-catenin-deficient kidneys. Moreover, in a mouse collecting duct cell line, Vsnl1 compromised β-catenin stability, suggesting a counteracting relationship between Vsnl1 and β-catenin. In summary, Vsnl1 marks ureteric bud tips in embryonic kidneys, and its mosaic pattern demonstrates a heterogeneity of cell types that may be critical for normal ureteric branching. PMID:21289216

A Novel Transient Fault Current Sensor Based on the PCB Rogowski Coil for Overhead Transmission Lines

PubMed Central

Liu, Yadong; Xie, Xiaolei; Hu, Yue; Qian, Yong; Sheng, Gehao; Jiang, Xiuchen

2016-01-01

The accurate detection of high-frequency transient fault currents in overhead transmission lines is the basis of malfunction detection and diagnosis. This paper proposes a novel differential winding printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil for the detection of transient fault currents in overhead transmission lines. The interference mechanism of the sensor surrounding the overhead transmission line is analyzed and the guideline for the interference elimination is obtained, and then a differential winding printed circuit board (PCB) Rogowski coil is proposed, where the branch and return line of the PCB coil were designed to be strictly symmetrical by using a joining structure of two semi-rings and collinear twisted pair differential windings in each semi-ring. A serial test is conducted, including the frequency response, linearity, and anti-interference performance as well as a comparison with commercial sensors. Results show that a PCB Rogowski coil has good linearity and resistance to various external magnetic field interferences, thus enabling it to be widely applied in fault-current-collecting devices. PMID:27213402

Direct Simulation of Evolution and Control of Nonlinear Instabilities in Attachment-Line Boundary Layers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Joslin, Ronald D.

2004-01-01

The unsteady, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations are used for the direct numerical simulation (DNS) of spatially evolving disturbances in a three-dimensional (3-D) attachment-line boundary layer. Two-dimensional (2-D) disturbances are introduced either by forcing at the in ow or by harmonic-source generators at the wall; 3-D disturbances are introduced by harmonic-source generators at the wall. The DNS results are in good agreement with both 2-D non-parallel theory (for small-amplitude disturbances) and weakly nonlinear theory (for finite-amplitude disturbances), which validates the two theories. The 2-D DNS results indicate that nonlinear disturbance growth occurs near branch II of the neutral stability curve; however, steady suction can be used to stabilize this disturbance growth. For 3-D instabilities that are generated o the attachment line, spreading both toward and away from the attachment line causes energy transfer to the attachment-line and downstream instabilities; suction stabilizes these instabilities. Furthermore, 3-D instabilities are more stable than 2-D or quasi-2-D instabilities.

A calibrated chronology of biochemistry reveals a stem line of descent responsible for planetary biodiversity.

PubMed

Caetano-Anollés, Gustavo; Mittenthal, Jay E; Caetano-Anollés, Derek; Kim, Kyung Mo

2014-01-01

Time-calibrated phylogenomic trees of protein domain structure produce powerful chronologies describing the evolution of biochemistry and life. These timetrees are built from a genomic census of millions of encoded proteins using models of nested accumulation of molecules in evolving proteomes. Here we show that a primordial stem line of descent, a propagating series of pluripotent cellular entities, populates the deeper branches of the timetrees. The stem line produced for the first time cellular grades ~2.9 billion years (Gy)-ago, which slowly turned into lineages of superkingdom Archaea. Prompted by the rise of planetary oxygen and aerobic metabolism, the stem line also produced bacterial and eukaryal lineages. Superkingdom-specific domain repertoires emerged ~2.1 Gy-ago delimiting fully diversified Bacteria. Repertoires specific to Eukarya and Archaea appeared 300 millions years later. Results reconcile reductive evolutionary processes leading to the early emergence of Archaea to superkingdom-specific innovations compatible with a tree of life rooted in Bacteria.

Line intensities and temperature-dependent line broadening coefficients of Q-branch transitions in the v2 band of ammonia near 10.4 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sur, Ritobrata; Spearrin, R. Mitchell; Peng, Wen Y.; Strand, Christopher L.; Jeffries, Jay B.; Enns, Gregory M.; Hanson, Ronald K.

2016-05-01

We report measured line intensities and temperature-dependent broadening coefficients of NH3 with Ar, N2, O2, CO2, H2O, and NH3 for nine sQ(J,K) transitions in the ν2 fundamental band in the frequency range 961.5-967.5 cm-1. This spectral region was chosen due to the strong NH3 absorption strength and lack of spectral interference from H2O and CO2 for laser-based sensing applications. Spectroscopic parameters were determined by multi-line fitting using Voigt lineshapes of absorption spectra measured with two quantum cascade lasers in thermodynamically-controlled optical cells. The temperature dependence of broadening was measured over a range of temperatures between 300 and 600 K. These measurements aid the development of mid-infrared NH3 sensors for a broad range of gas mixtures and at elevated temperatures.

First detection of rotational CO line emission in a red giant branch star

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Groenewegen, M. A. T.

2014-01-01

Context. For stars with initial masses below ~1 M⊙, the mass loss during the first red giant branch (RGB) phase dominates mass loss in the later asymptotic giant branch (AGB) phase. Nevertheless, mass loss on the RGB is still often parameterised by a simple Reimers law in stellar evolution models. Aims: To try to detect CO thermal emission in a small sample of nearby RGB stars with reliable Hipparcos parallaxes that were shown to have infrared excess in an earlier paper. Methods: A sample of five stars was observed in the CO J = 2-1 and J = 3-2 lines with the IRAM and APEX telescopes. Results: One star, the one with the largest mass-loss rate based on the previous analysis of the spectral energy distribution, was detected. The expansion velocity is unexpectedly large at 12 km s-1. The line profile and intensity are compared to the predictions from a molecular line emission code. The standard model predicts a double-peaked profile, while the observations indicate a flatter profile. A model that does fit the data has a much smaller CO envelope (by a factor of 3), and a CO abundance that is two times larger and/or a larger mass-loss rate than the standard model. This could indicate that the phase of large mass loss has only recently started. Conclusions: The detection of CO in an RGB star with a luminosity of only ~1300 L⊙ and a mass-loss rate as low as a few 10-9M⊙ yr-1 is important and the results also raise new questions. However, ALMA observations are required in order to study the mass-loss process of RGB stars in more detail, both for reasons of sensitivity (6 h of integration in superior weather at IRAM were needed to get a 4σ detection in the object with the largest detection probability), and spatial resolution (to determine the size of the CO envelope). Based on observations made with ESO telescopes at the La Silla Paranal Observatory under programme ID 091.D-0073 (ESO time) and 091.F-9322 (Swedish time). Based on observations with the Atacama Pathfinder EXperiment (APEX) telescope. APEX is a collaboration between the Max Planck Institute for Radio Astronomy, the European Southern Observatory, and the Onsala Space Observatory. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m Telescope under programme 183-11. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany), and IGN (Spain).

Water-quality, discharge, and biologic data for streams and springs in the Highland Rim Escarpment of southeastern Bedford County, Tennessee

USGS Publications Warehouse

Hollyday, E.F.; Byl, T.D.

1995-01-01

From November 1994 through April 1995, streams and springs in 9 drainage basins were observed and sampled at 176 sites to obtain information on environmental quality near the Quail Hollow landfill, Bedford County, Tennessee. Reconnaissance data were collected to establish a regional pattern. Water samples from 26 seepage sites were analyzed to determine water-quality conditions. During the reconnaissance, conductivity ranged regionally from 17 to 617 microsiemens per centimeter. The greatest biologic diversity was in Bennett Branch, followed by Daniel Hollow, Prince, Powell and Renegar, County Line, and Anthony Branches, Hurricane Creek, and Anderton Branch, respectively. In general, conductivity was less than 50 microsiemens per centimeter at and upstream of the Chattanooga Shale but increased downstream to between 200 and 300 microsiemens per centimeter. Of the constituents and properties analyzed, only pH and four metals at six sites had values that were not within the limits set by the State of Tennessee for drinking water. Chloride and dissolved manganese concentrations were highest for a spring and a seep adjacent to the landfill. Scans indicated the presence of about 37 unidentified organic compounds at these same two sites.

Theoretical branching ratios for the 5I7 to 5I7 levels of Ho(3+) in the garnets A3B2C3O12 (A = Y,La,Lu,Gd; B = Al,Lu,Sc,Ga; C = Al,Ga)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Filer, Elizabeth D.; Morrison, Clyde A.; Turner, Gregory A.; Barnes, Norman P.

1991-01-01

Results are reported from an experimental study investigating triply ionized holmium in 10 garnets using the point-change model to predict theoretical energy levels and temperature-dependent branching ratios for the 5I7 to 5I8 manifolds for temperatures between 50 and 400 K. Plots were made for the largest lines at 300 K. YScAG was plotted twice, once for each set of X-ray data available. Energy levels are predicted based on theoretical crystal-field parameters, and good agreement to experiment is found. It is suggested that the present set of theoretical crystal-field parameters provides good estimates of the energy levels for the other hosts on which there are no experimental optical data. X-ray and index-of-refraction data are used to evaluate the performance of 10 lasers via a quantum mechanical model to predict the position of the energy levels and the temperature-dependent branching rations of the 5I7 to 5I8 levels of holmium. The fractional population inversion required for threshold is also evaluated.

Laser ablation molecular isotopic spectrometry of carbon isotopes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bol‧shakov, Alexander A.; Mao, Xianglei; Jain, Jinesh; McIntyre, Dustin L.; Russo, Richard E.

2015-11-01

Quantitative determination of carbon isotopes using Laser Ablation Molecular Isotopic Spectrometry (LAMIS) is described. Optical emission of diatomic molecules CN and C2 is used in these measurements. Two quantification approaches are presented: empirical calibration of spectra using a set of reference standards and numerical fitting of a simulated spectrum to the experimental one. Formation mechanisms of C2 and CN in laser ablation plasma are briefly reviewed to provide insights for implementation of LAMIS measurements. A simulated spectrum of the 12C2 Swan system was synthesized using four constituents within 473.5-476.5 nm. Simulation included three branches of 12C2 (1-0), branches R(0-0) and R(1-1), and branch P(9-8) of 12C2. Spectral positions of the tail lines in R(0-0) and R(1-1) were experimentally measured, since they were not accurately known before. The Swan band (1-0) of the isotopologue 13C12C was also simulated. Fitting to the experimental spectrum yielded the ratio 13C/12C = 1.08% in a good agreement with measurements by isotope ratio mass spectrometry. LAMIS promises to be useful in coal, oil and shale exploration, carbon sequestration monitoring, and agronomy studies.

Micro- and nano-tomography at the DIAMOND beamline I13L imaging and coherence

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rau, C.; Bodey, A.; Storm, M.; Cipiccia, S.; Marathe, S.; Zdora, M.-C.; Zanette, I.; Wagner, U.; Batey, D.; Shi, X.

2017-10-01

The Diamond Beamline I13L is dedicated to imaging on the micro- and nano-lengthsale, operating in the energy range between 6 and 30keV. For this purpose two independently operating branchlines and endstations have been built. The imaging branch is fully operational for micro-tomography and in-line phase contrast imaging with micrometre resolution. Grating interferometry is currently implemented, adding the capability of measuring phase and small-angle information. For tomography with increased resolution a full-field microscope providing 50nm spatial resolution with a field of view of 100μm is being tested. The instrument provides a large working distance between optics and sample to adapt a wide range of customised sample environments. On the coherence branch coherent diffraction imaging techniques such as ptychography, coherent X-ray diffraction (CXRD) are currently developed for three dimensional imaging with the highest resolution. The imaging branch is operated in collaboration with Manchester University, called therefore the Diamond-Manchester Branchline. The scientific applications cover a large area including bio-medicine, materials science, chemistry geology and more. The present paper provides an overview about the current status of the beamline and the science addressed.

Reconnaissance of the hydrology, water quality, and sources of bacterial and nutrient contamination in the Ozark Plateaus aquifer system and Cave Springs Branch of Honey Creek, Delaware County, Oklahoma, March 1999-March 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Schlottmann, Jamie L.; Tanner, Ralph S.; Samadpour, Mansour

2000-01-01

A reconnaissance investigation of hydrology and water quality was conducted to evaluate possible sources of bacteria and nutrient contamination in the Cave Springs Branch basin and the underlying karstic Ozark Plateau aquifer system. Objectives were to: (1) determine the directions of ground-water flow in the basin and determine whether Cave Springs Branch interacts with ground water, (2) compare water quality in Cave Springs Branch with water quality in nearby wells to determine whether the stream is contaminating nearby wells, and (3) determine sources of fecal coliform bacteria and nitrate contamination in Cave Springs Branch and ground water. Potential sources of bacteria and nitrate in the area include cultivated agriculture, cow and horse on pasture, poultry production, households, and wildlife. Presence of fecal coliform and fecal streptococcal bacteria directly indicate fecal contamination and the potential for the presence of other pathogenic organisms in a water supply. Nitrate in drinking water poses health risks and may indicate the presence of additional contaminants. Fecal coliform bacteria colony counts were least in wells, intermediate in the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall and Honey Creek above the confluence with Cave Springs Branch, and greatest in Cave Springs Branch. Bacteria strains and resistance to antibiotics by some bacteria indicate that livestock may have been sources of some bacteria in the water samples. Multiple antibiotic resistances were not present in the isolates from the water samples, indicating that the bacteria may not be from human or poultry sources. Ribotyping indicates that Escherichia coli bacteria in water samples from the basin were from bird, cow, horse, dog, deer, and human sources. The presence of multiple ribotypes from each type of animal source except bird indicates that most of the bacteria are from multiple populations of source animals. Identifiable sources of bacteria in Cave Springs Branch at the state line were dominantly cow and horse with one ribotype from bird. Escherichia coli was detected in only one well sample. Bacterial ribotypes in water from that upgradient well indicated human and dog feces as sources for bacteria, and that on site wastewater treatment may not always be adequate in these highly permeable soils. Greater concentrations of nitrate in Cave Springs Branch and O'Brien Spring relative to the poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall may be due, in part, to conversion of ammonia from poultry processing plant wastewater. The poultry-processing plant wastewater outfall sample collected in March 2000 contained greater concentrations of ammonia and total organic nitrogen plus ammonia than the spring, stream, and well samples collected during August 1999. Cave Springs Branch and Honey Creek contributed approximately equal loads of nitrogen to Honey Creek below the confluence and the greatest loads of nitrogen were introduced to Cave Springs Branch by the poultry processing plant wastewater outfall and O'Brien Spring. Nitrate concentrations in upgradient well samples ranged from 0.38 to 4.60 milligrams per liter, indicating that there are sources of ground-water nitrogen other than Cave Springs Branch, such as animal waste, fertilizer, or human waste. Nitrogen compounds in water from wells downgradient of Cave Springs Branch may be from Cave Springs Branch, fertilizers, animal waste, or human waste.

Nyctanthes arbortristis mediated synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Cytotoxicity assay against THP-1 human leukemia cell lines

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumari, Priti; Kumari, Niraj; Jha, Anal K.; Singh, K. P.; Prasad, K.

2018-05-01

Green synthesis, characterizations and applications of nanoparticles have become an important branch of nanotechnology now a day. In this paper, green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the aqueous extract of Nyctanthes arbortristis as a reducing and stabilizing agent, has been discussed. Present synthetic method is very handy, cost-effective and reproducible. Formation of AgNPs was characterized by X-ray diffraction, dynamic light scattering, scanning electron microscopy and UV-visible spectroscopy techniques. The phytochemicals responsible for nano-transformation were principally flavonoids, phenols and glycosides present in the leaves. Further, the dose dependent cytotoxicity assay of biosynthesized AgNPs against THP-1 human leukemia cell lines showed the encouraging results.

Derivatives of Black Knight Technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hill, N.; Wright, D.

This paper traces the line of descent from Black Knight to Black Arrow, and at the same time looks at various proposed projects, both civil and military, which were to be Black Knight derivatives, but which for one reason or another never saw the light of day. Research in this area is rather akin to anthropological work, tracing fossils from Homo erectus (Black Knight) to Homo sapiens (Black Arrow), knowing that a lot of the fossils found will not be on the direct line of descent, but represent branches that became extinct. This article attempts to cover designs, which, although they never made it to hardware, are none the less interesting technically, or shine light on the evolution of design philosophy.

Anomalous gain in an isotopically mixed CO2 laser and application to absolute wavelength calibration

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hewagama, Tilak; Oppenheim, Uri P.; Mumma, Michael J.

1991-01-01

Measurements are reported on a grating-tuned CO2 laser, containing an isotropic mixture of O-16C-12O-16, O-16C-12O-18, and O-18C-12O-18. The P6 and R14 lines of O-16C-12O-16 were found to have anomalously high intensities. These anomalies are produced by the near coincidence of the transition frequencies in two distinct isotopes, permitting them to act as a single indistinguishable population. These two lines can be used to identify the rotational quantum numbers in the P and R branch spectra, thereby permitting absolute wavelength calibration to be achieved.

STUDY OF K- -> π 0e-/line{ν }eγ and K- -> π 0μ -/line{ν }μ γ DECAY WITH ISTRA + SETUP

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bolotov, V. N.; Guschin, E. N.; Duk, V. A.; Laptev, S. V.; Lebedev, V. A.; Mazurov, A. E.; Polyarush, A. Yu.; Postoev, V. E.; Akimenko, S. A.; Britvich, G. I.; Datsko, K. V.; Filin, A. P.; Inyakin, A. V.; Konstantinov, V. F.; Konstantinov, A. S.; Korolkov, I. Y.; Khmelnikov, V. A.; Leontiev, V. M.; Novikov, V. P.; Obraztsov, V. F.; Polyakov, V. A.; Romanovsky, V. I.; Shelikhov, V. I.; Tchikilev, O. G.; Uvarov, V. A.; Yushchenko, O. P.

2006-10-01

This file contains the instructions for the proceedings of the 12th Lomonosov Conference on Elementary Particle Physics. In this place the abstract of the contribution should be placed. Results of study of the K- -> π 0e-/line{ν }eγ decay at ISTRA+ setup are presented. 3852 events of this decay have been observed. The ratio Br(K- -> π 0e-/line{ν }eγ )/Br(K- -> π 0e-/line{ν }e)=(0.63 ± 0.02(stat) ± 0.03(syst)) \\cdot 10-2 for E*γ > 30MeV, θ *eγ > 20o. Br(K- -> π 0e-/line{ν }eγ ) is found to be (3.05 ±0.02) · 10-4 (assuming PDG value for Ke3 branching ratio). Theoretical predictions give Br = 2.8 · 10-4 (tree level) and Br = 3.0 · 10-4(O(p4) level). The obtained value for the asymmetry Aζ (with the same cuts for E*γ and θ *eγ ) is Aζ = -0.015 ± 0.021. At present it is the best estimate of this asymmetry.

Silencing C19-GA 2-oxidases induces parthenocarpic development and inhibits lateral branching in tomato plants

PubMed Central

Martínez-Bello, Liliam; Moritz, Thomas; López-Díaz, Isabel

2015-01-01

Gibberellins (GAs) are phytohormones that regulate a wide range of developmental processes in plants. Levels of active GAs are regulated by biosynthetic and catabolic enzymes like the GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs). In tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) C19 GA2oxs are encoded by a small multigenic family of five members with some degree of redundancy. In order to investigate their roles in tomato, the silencing of all five genes in transgenic plants was induced. A significant increase in active GA4 content was found in the ovaries of transgenic plants. In addition, the transgenic unfertilized ovaries were much bigger than wild-type ovaries (about 30 times) and a certain proportion (5–37%) were able to develop parthenocarpically. Among the GA2ox family, genes GA2ox1 and -2 seem to be the most relevant for this phenotype since their expression was induced in unfertilized ovaries and repressed in developing fruits, inversely correlating with ovary growth. Interestingly, transgenic lines exhibited a significant inhibition of branching and a higher content of active GA4 in axillary buds. This phenotype was reverted, in transgenic plants, by the application of paclobutrazol, a GA biosynthesis inhibitor, suggesting a role for GAs as repressors of branching. In summary, this work demonstrates that GA 2-oxidases regulate gibberellin levels in ovaries and axillary buds of tomato plants and their silencing is responsible for parthenocarpic fruit growth and branching inhibition. PMID:26093022

Delivery of siRNA using ternary complexes containing branched cationic peptides: the role of peptide sequence, branching and targeting.

PubMed

Kudsiova, Laila; Welser, Katharina; Campbell, Frederick; Mohammadi, Atefeh; Dawson, Natalie; Cui, Lili; Hailes, Helen C; Lawrence, M Jayne; Tabor, Alethea B

2016-03-01

Ternary nanocomplexes, composed of bifunctional cationic peptides, lipids and siRNA, as delivery vehicles for siRNA have been investigated. The study is the first to determine the optimal sequence and architecture of the bifunctional cationic peptide used for siRNA packaging and delivery using lipopolyplexes. Specifically three series of cationic peptides of differing sequence, degrees of branching and cell-targeting sequences were co-formulated with siRNA and vesicles prepared from a 1 : 1 molar ratio of the cationic lipid DOTMA and the helper lipid, DOPE. The level of siRNA knockdown achieved in the human alveolar cell line, A549-luc cells, in both reduced serum and in serum supplemented media was evaluated, and the results correlated to the nanocomplex structure (established using a range of physico-chemical tools, namely small angle neutron scattering, transmission electron microscopy, dynamic light scattering and zeta potential measurement); the conformational properties of each component (circular dichroism); the degree of protection of the siRNA in the lipopolyplex (using gel shift assays) and to the cellular uptake, localisation and toxicity of the nanocomplexes (confocal microscopy). Although the size, charge, structure and stability of the various lipopolyplexes were broadly similar, it was clear that lipopolyplexes formulated from branched peptides containing His-Lys sequences perform best as siRNA delivery agents in serum, with protection of the siRNA in serum balanced against efficient release of the siRNA into the cytoplasm of the cell.

Anatomy of the Corrugator Muscle.

PubMed

Hwang, Kun; Lee, Jung Hun; Lim, Hee Joong

2017-03-01

The aim of this article is to systematically review the anatomy and action of the corrugator muscle. PubMed and Scopus were searched using the terms "corrugator" AND "anatomy." Among the 60 full texts from the 145 relevant abstracts, 34 articles without sufficient content were excluded and 4 articles drawn from the reference lists were added. Among the 30 articles analyzed (721 hemifaces), 28% classified by oblique head and transverse head, and 72% did not. Corrugator originated mostly from the medial supraorbital rim (45%), followed by the medial frontal bone (31%), the medial infraorbital rim (17%), and the upper nasal process (7%). Corrugator extended through the frontalis and orbicularis oculi (41%), only the frontalis (41%), or only the orbicularis oculi (18%). Corrugator ran superolaterally (59%), or laterally (41%). Corrugators inserted mostly to the middle of the eyebrow (57%), or the medial half of the eyebrow (36%), but also to the glabella region (7%). The length of the corrugator ranged 38 to 53 mm. The transverse head (23.38 mm) was longer than the oblique head (19.75 mm). Corrugator was thicker at the medial canthus than at the midpupillary line. Corrugator was innervated by the temporal branch of the facial nerve (66%), the zygomatic branch (17%), or the angular nerve (zygomatic branch and buccal branch, 17%). Supraorbital nerve (60%) or supratrochlear nerve (40%) penetrated the corrugator. The action was depressing, pulling the eyebrow medially (91%), or with medial eyebrow elevation and lateral eyebrow depression (9%). Surgeons must keep this anatomy in mind during surgical procedures.

Cerebral correlates of visuospatial neglect: a direct cerebral stimulation study.

PubMed

Vallar, Giuseppe; Bello, Lorenzo; Bricolo, Emanuela; Castellano, Antonella; Casarotti, Alessandra; Falini, Andrea; Riva, Marco; Fava, Enrica; Papagno, Costanza

2014-04-01

To assess the role of the superior longitudinal fascicle, the inferior fronto-occipital fascicle, and the posterior parietal lobe in visuospatial attention in humans during awake brain surgery. Seven patients with hemispheric gliomas (six in the right hemisphere) entered the study. During surgery in asleep/awake anesthesia, guided by Diffusion Tensor Imaging Fiber Tractography, visuospatial neglect was assessed during direct electrical stimulation by computerized line bisection. A rightward deviation, indicating left visuospatial neglect, was induced in six of seven patients by stimulation of the parietofrontal connections, in a location consistent with the trajectory of the second branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle. Stimulation of the medial and dorsal white matter of the superior parietal lobule (corresponding to the first branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle), of the ventral and lateral white matter of the supramarginal gyrus (corresponding to the third branch of the superior longitudinal fascicle), and of the inferior occipitofrontal fasciculus, was largely ineffective. Stimulation of the superior parietal lobule (Brodmann's area 7) caused a marked rightward deviation in all of the six assessed patients, while stimulation of Brodmann's areas 5 and 19 was ineffective. The parietofrontal connections of the dorso-lateral fibers of the superior longitudinal fascicle (i.e., the second branch of the fascicle), and the posterior superior parietal lobe (Brodmann's area 7) are involved in the orientation of spatial attention. Spatial neglect should be assessed systematically during awake brain surgery, particularly when the right parietal lobe may be involved by the neurosurgical procedure. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Long-term spectroscopic monitoring of the Luminous Blue Variable AG Carinae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stahl, O.; Jankovics, I.; Kovács, J.; Wolf, B.; Schmutz, W.; Kaufer, A.; Rivinius, Th.; Szeifert, Th.

2001-08-01

We have extensively monitored the Luminous Blue Variable AG Car (HD 94910) spectroscopically. Our data cover the years 1989 to 1999. In this period, the star underwent almost a full S Dor cycle from visual minimum to maximum and back. Over several seasons, up to four months of almost daily spectra are available. Our data cover most of the visual spectral range with a high spectral resolution (lambda /Delta lambda ~ 20 000). This allows us to investigate the variability in many lines on time scales from days to years. The strongest variability occurs on a time scale of years. Qualitatively, the variations can be understood as changes of the effective temperature and radius, which are in phase with the optical light curve. Quantitatively, there are several interesting deviations from this behaviour, however. The Balmer lines show P Cygni profiles and have their maximum strength (both in equivalent width and line flux) after the peak of the optical light curve, at the descending branch of the light curve. The line-width during maximum phase is smaller than during minimum, but it has a local maximum close to the peak of the visual light curve. We derive mass-loss rates over the cycle from the Hα line and find the highest mass loss rates (log dot {M}/({M}_sun yr-1) ~ -3.8, about a factor of five higher than in the minimum, where we find log dot {M}/({M}_sun yr-1) ~ -4.5) after the visual maximum. Line-splitting is very commonly observed, especially on the rise to maximum and on the descending branch from maximum. The components are very long-lived (years) and are probably unrelated to similar-looking line-splitting events in normal supergiants. Small apparent accelerations of the components are observed. The change in radial velocity could be due to successive narrowing of the components, with the absorption disappearing at small expansion velocities first. In general, the line-splitting is more likely the result of missing absorption at intermediate velocities than of excess absorption at the velocities of the components. The HeI lines and other lines which form deep in the atmosphere show the most peculiar variations. The HeI lines show a central absorption with variable blue- and red-shifted emission components. Due to the variations of the emission components, the HeI lines can change their line profile from a normal P Cyg profile to an inverse P Cyg-profile or double-peak emission. In addition, very broad (+/-1500 km s-1) emission wings are seen at the strongest HeI lines of AG Car. At some phases, a blue-shifted absorption is also present. The central absorption of the HeI lines is blue-shifted before and red-shifted after maximum. Possibly, we directly see the expansion and contraction of the photosphere. If this explanation is correct, the velocity of the continuum-forming layer is not dominated by expansion but is only slightly oscillating around the systemic velocity. Based on observations collected at the European Southern Observatory at La Silla, Chile.

The Biology of the Germ line in Echinoderms

PubMed Central

Wessel, Gary M.; Brayboy, Lynae; Fresques, Tara; Gustafson, Eric A.; Oulhen, Nathalie; Ramos, Isabela; Reich, Adrian; Swartz, S. Zachary; Yajima, Mamiko; Zazueta, Vanessa

2014-01-01

SUMMARY The formation of the germ line in an embryo marks a fresh round of reproductive potential. The developmental stage and location within the embryo where the primordial germ cells (PGCs) form, however, differs markedly among species. In many animals, the germ line is formed by an inherited mechanism, in which molecules made and selectively partitioned within the oocyte drive the early development of cells that acquire this material to a germ-line fate. In contrast, the germ line of other animals is fated by an inductive mechanism that involves signaling between cells that directs this specialized fate. In this review, we explore the mechanisms of germ-line determination in echinoderms, an early-branching sister group to the chordates. One member of the phylum, sea urchins, appears to use an inherited mechanism of germ-line formation, whereas their relatives, the sea stars, appear to use an inductive mechanism. We first integrate the experimental results currently available for germ line determination in the sea urchin, for which considerable new information is available, and then broaden the investigation to the lesser-known mechanisms in sea stars and other echinoderms. Even with this limited insight, it appears that sea stars, and perhaps the majority of the echinoderm taxon, rely on inductive mechanisms for germ-line fate determination. This enables a strongly contrasted picture for germ-line determination in this phylum, but one for which transitions between different modes of germ-line determination might now be experimentally addressed. PMID:23900765

Recent advances at NASA in calculating the electronic spectra of diatomic molecules

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Whiting, Ellis E.; Paterson, John A.

1988-01-01

Advanced entry vehicles, such as the proposed Aero-assisted Orbital Transfer Vehicle, provide new and challenging problems for spectroscopy. Large portions of the flow field about such vehicles will be characterized by chemical and thermal nonequilibrium. Only by considering the actual overlap of the atomic and rotational lines emitted by the species present can the impact of radiative transport within the flow field be assessed correctly. To help make such an assessment, a new computer program is described that can generate high-resolution, line-by-line spectra for any spin-allowed transitions in diatomic molecules. The program includes the matrix elements for the rotational energy and distortion to the fourth order; the spin-orbit, spin-spin, and spin-rotation interactions to first order; and the lambda splitting by a perturbation calculation. An overview of the Computational Chemistry Branch at Ames Research Center is also presented.

Effects of 946-nm thermal shift and broadening on Nd3+:YAG laser performance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seyed Ebrahim, Pourmand; Ghasem, Rezaei

2015-12-01

Spectroscopic properties of flashlamp pumped Nd3+:YAG laser are studied as a function of temperature in a range from -30 °C to 60 °C. The spectral width and shift of quasi three-level 946.0-nm inter-Stark emission within the respective intermanifold transitions of 4F3/2 → 4I9/2 are investigated. The 946.0-nm line shifts toward the shorter wavelength and broadens. In addition, the threshold power and slope efficiency of the 946.0-nm laser line are quantified with temperature. The lower the temperature, the lower the threshold power is and the higher the slope efficiency of the 946.0-nm laser line is, thus the higher the laser output is. This phenomenon is attributed to the ion-phonon interaction and the thermal population in the ground state. Project supported by Estahban Branch, Islamic Azad University.

Line mixing calculation in the ν 6Q-branches of N 2-broadened CH 3Br at low temperatures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gomez, L.; Tran, H.; Jacquemart, D.

2009-07-01

In an early study [H. Tran, D. Jacquemart, J.Y. Mandin, N. Lacome, JQSRT 109 (2008) 119-131], line mixing effects of the ν 6 band of methyl bromide were observed and modeled at room temperature. In the present work, line mixing effects have been considered at low temperatures using state-to-state collisional rates which were modeled by a fitting law based on the energy gap and a few fitting parameters. To validate the model, several spectra of methyl bromide perturbed by nitrogen have been recorded at various temperatures (205-299 K) and pressures (230-825 hPa). Comparisons between measured spectra and calculations using both direct calculation from relaxation operator and Rosenkranz profile have been performed showing improvement compared to the usual Lorentz profile. Note that the temperature dependence of the spectroscopic parameters has been taken into account using results of previous studies.

Absolute spectroscopy near 7.8 μm with a comb-locked extended-cavity quantum-cascade-laser.

PubMed

Lamperti, Marco; AlSaif, Bidoor; Gatti, Davide; Fermann, Martin; Laporta, Paolo; Farooq, Aamir; Marangoni, Marco

2018-01-22

We report for the first time the frequency locking of an extended-cavity quantum-cascade-laser (EC-QCL) to a near-infrared frequency comb. The locked laser source is exploited to carry out molecular spectroscopy around 7.8 μm with a line-centre frequency combined uncertainty of ~63 kHz. The strength of the approach, in view of an accurate retrieval of line centre frequencies over a spectral range as large as 100 cm -1 , is demonstrated on the P(40), P(18) and R(31) lines of the fundamental rovibrational band of N 2 O covering the centre and edges of the P and R branches. The spectrometer has the potential to be straightforwardly extended to other spectral ranges, till 12 μm, which is the current wavelength limit for commercial cw EC-QCLs.

Absolute sensitivity calibration of an extreme ultraviolet spectrometer for tokamak measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guirlet, R.; Schwob, J. L.; Meyer, O.; Vartanian, S.

2017-01-01

An extreme ultraviolet spectrometer installed on the Tore Supra tokamak has been calibrated in absolute units of brightness in the range 10-340 Å. This has been performed by means of a combination of techniques. The range 10-113 Å was absolutely calibrated by using an ultrasoft-X ray source emitting six spectral lines in this range. The calibration transfer to the range 113-182 Å was performed using the spectral line intensity branching ratio method. The range 182-340 Å was calibrated thanks to radiative-collisional modelling of spectral line intensity ratios. The maximum sensitivity of the spectrometer was found to lie around 100 Å. Around this wavelength, the sensitivity is fairly flat in a 80 Å wide interval. The spatial variations of sensitivity along the detector assembly were also measured. The observed trend is related to the quantum efficiency decrease as the angle of the incoming photon trajectories becomes more grazing.

Frequency-comb-assisted precision laser spectroscopy of CHF{sub 3} around 8.6 μm

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gambetta, Alessio; Coluccelli, Nicola; Cassinerio, Marco

2015-12-21

We report a high-precision spectroscopic study of room-temperature trifluoromethane around 8.6 μm, using a CW quantum cascade laser phase-locked to a mid-infrared optical frequency comb. This latter is generated by a nonlinear down-conversion process starting from a dual-branch Er:fiber laser and is stabilized against a GPS-disciplined rubidium clock. By tuning the comb repetition frequency, several transitions falling in the υ{sub 5} vibrational band are recorded with a frequency resolution of 20 kHz. Due to the very dense spectra, a special multiple-line fitting code, involving a Voigt profile, is developed for data analysis. The combination of the adopted experimental approach andmore » survey procedure leads to fractional accuracy levels in the determination of line center frequencies, down to 2 × 10{sup −10}. Line intensity factors, pressure broadening, and shifting parameters are also provided.« less

Multilevel Atomicity - A New Correctness Criterion for Database Concurrency Control.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-09-01

Research Office Contract #DAAG29-79-C-0155, Office of Naval Research Contract #N00014.79-C-0873, and Advanced Research PRojecta Agecy of the Department...steps of V. Since the transactions need not be straight-line programs , but can branch in complicated ways. I am forced to describe separately the places...not know whether these specializations provide efficient implementations. This question is a topic for future study. The new programming language

Unconventional Density Wave and Superfluidity in Cold Atom Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-06-01

species can provide more phase space to renormalize minority pairing channel (i.e, q can be anywhere on that FS branch...and intra-species interactions, Ucf/Uff . . . . . . . 43 5.2 (Left) dxy order parameter for f - and c-fermions. (Right) Real- space particle density of...interlayer tunneling tz = 0.1t. Sketched real space configuration for (d) CDWp and (e) CDW± with a π- phase resonance, where the dashed red lines indicate

BD-22deg3467, a DAO-type Star Exciting the Nebula Abell 35

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ziegler, M.; Rauch, T.; Werner, K.; Koppen, J.; Kruk, J. W.

2013-01-01

Spectral analyses of hot, compact stars with non-local thermodynamical equilibrium (NLTE) model-atmosphere techniques allow the precise determination of photospheric parameters such as the effective temperature (T(sub eff)), the surface gravity (log g), and the chemical composition. The derived photospheric metal abundances are crucial constraints for stellar evolutionary theory. Aims. Previous spectral analyses of the exciting star of the nebula A35, BD-22deg3467, were based on He+C+N+O+Si+Fe models only. For our analysis, we use state-of-the-art fully metal-line blanketed NLTE model atmospheres that consider opacities of 23 elements from hydrogen to nickel. We aim to identify all observed lines in the ultraviolet (UV) spectrum of BD-22deg3467 and to determine the abundances of the respective species precisely. Methods. For the analysis of high-resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio (S/N) far-ultraviolet (FUSE) and UV (HST/STIS) observations, we combined stellar-atmosphere models and interstellar line-absorption models to fully reproduce the entire observed UV spectrum. Results. The best agreement with the UV observation of BD-22deg3467 is achieved at T(sub eff) = 80 +/- 10 kK and log g = 7.2 +/- 0.3. While T(sub eff) of previous analyses is verified, log g is significantly lower. We re-analyzed lines of silicon and iron (1/100 and about solar abundances, respectively) and for the first time in this star identified argon, chromium, manganese, cobalt, and nickel and determined abundances of 12, 70, 35, 150, and 5 times solar, respectively. Our results partially agree with predictions of diffusion models for DA-type white dwarfs. A combination of photospheric and interstellar line-absorption models reproduces more than 90% of the observed absorption features. The stellar mass is M approx. 0.48 Solar Mass. Conclusions. BD.22.3467 may not have been massive enough to ascend the asymptotic giant branch and may have evolved directly from the extended horizontal branch to the white dwarf state. This would explain why it is not surrounded by a planetary nebula. However, the star, ionizes the ambient interstellar matter, mimicking a planetary nebula.

Isolation and antisense suppression of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase modifies flower pigments and colour in cyclamen.

PubMed

Boase, Murray R; Lewis, David H; Davies, Kevin M; Marshall, Gayle B; Patel, Deepa; Schwinn, Kathy E; Deroles, Simon C

2010-06-13

Cyclamen is a popular and economically significant pot plant crop in several countries. Molecular breeding technologies provide opportunities to metabolically engineer the well-characterized flavonoid biosynthetic pathway for altered anthocyanin profile and hence the colour of the flower. Previously we reported on a genetic transformation system for cyclamen. Our aim in this study was to change pigment profiles and flower colours in cyclamen through the suppression of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase, an enzyme in the flavonoid pathway that plays a determining role in the colour of anthocyanin pigments. A full-length cDNA putatively identified as a F3'5'H (CpF3'5'H) was isolated from cyclamen flower tissue. Amino acid and phylogeny analyses indicated the CpF3'5'H encodes a F3'5'H enzyme. Two cultivars of minicyclamen were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with an antisense CpF3'5'H construct. Flowers of the transgenic lines showed modified colour and this correlated positively with the loss of endogenous F3'5'H transcript. Changes in observed colour were confirmed by colorimeter measurements, with an overall loss in intensity of colour (C) in the transgenic lines and a shift in hue from purple to red/pink in one cultivar. HPLC analysis showed that delphinidin-derived pigment levels were reduced in transgenic lines relative to control lines while the percentage of cyanidin-derived pigments increased. Total anthocyanin concentration was reduced up to 80% in some transgenic lines and a smaller increase in flavonol concentration was recorded. Differences were also seen in the ratio of flavonol types that accumulated. To our knowledge this is the first report of genetic modification of the anthocyanin pathway in the commercially important species cyclamen. The effects of suppressing a key enzyme, F3'5'H, were wide ranging, extending from anthocyanins to other branches of the flavonoid pathway. The results illustrate the complexity involved in modifying a biosynthetic pathway with multiple branch points to different end products and provides important information for future flower colour modification experiments in cyclamen.

Isolation and antisense suppression of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase modifies flower pigments and colour in cyclamen

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Cyclamen is a popular and economically significant pot plant crop in several countries. Molecular breeding technologies provide opportunities to metabolically engineer the well-characterized flavonoid biosynthetic pathway for altered anthocyanin profile and hence the colour of the flower. Previously we reported on a genetic transformation system for cyclamen. Our aim in this study was to change pigment profiles and flower colours in cyclamen through the suppression of flavonoid 3', 5'-hydroxylase, an enzyme in the flavonoid pathway that plays a determining role in the colour of anthocyanin pigments. Results A full-length cDNA putatively identified as a F3'5'H (CpF3'5'H) was isolated from cyclamen flower tissue. Amino acid and phylogeny analyses indicated the CpF3'5'H encodes a F3'5'H enzyme. Two cultivars of minicyclamen were transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens with an antisense CpF3'5'H construct. Flowers of the transgenic lines showed modified colour and this correlated positively with the loss of endogenous F3'5'H transcript. Changes in observed colour were confirmed by colorimeter measurements, with an overall loss in intensity of colour (C) in the transgenic lines and a shift in hue from purple to red/pink in one cultivar. HPLC analysis showed that delphinidin-derived pigment levels were reduced in transgenic lines relative to control lines while the percentage of cyanidin-derived pigments increased. Total anthocyanin concentration was reduced up to 80% in some transgenic lines and a smaller increase in flavonol concentration was recorded. Differences were also seen in the ratio of flavonol types that accumulated. Conclusion To our knowledge this is the first report of genetic modification of the anthocyanin pathway in the commercially important species cyclamen. The effects of suppressing a key enzyme, F3'5'H, were wide ranging, extending from anthocyanins to other branches of the flavonoid pathway. The results illustrate the complexity involved in modifying a biosynthetic pathway with multiple branch points to different end products and provides important information for future flower colour modification experiments in cyclamen. PMID:20540805

Fine mapping of a quantitative trait locus for spikelet number per panicle in a new plant type rice and evaluation of a near-isogenic line for grain productivity.

PubMed

Sasaki, Kazuhiro; Fujita, Daisuke; Koide, Yohei; Lumanglas, Patrick D; Gannaban, Ritchel B; Tagle, Analiza G; Obara, Mitsuhiro; Fukuta, Yoshimichi; Kobayashi, Nobuya; Ishimaru, Tsutomu

2017-05-17

Total spikelet number per panicle (TSN) is one of the determinants of grain productivity in rice (Oryza sativa L.). In this study, we attempted to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for TSN in the introgression lines with high TSN, derived from the cross of Indica Group variety IR 64 with new plant type lines. Two QTLs were detected on the long arm of chromosome 12: qTSN12.1 in the BC4F2 population of YTH63/IR 64 and qTSN12.2 in the BC4F3 population of YTH83/IR 64. TSN of the main tiller was significantly higher in near-isogenic lines (NILs) for qTSN12.1 (IR 64-NIL1; 188.6) and for qTSN12.2 (IR 64-NIL12; 199.4) than in IR 64 (141.2), owing to a significant increase in both primary and secondary branch numbers. These results suggest the critical function of these QTLs in the promotion of rachis branching at the panicle formation stage. Fine mapping of qTSN12.2 revealed six candidate genes in a 92-kb region of the Nipponbare reference genome sequence between flanking markers RM28746 and RM28753. Detailed phenotyping of agronomic traits of IR 64-NIL12 carrying qTSN12.2 showed drastic changes in plant architecture: this line had lower panicle number, longer culm, and longer and wider leaves compared with IR 64. Percentage of fertility and 1000-grain weight tended to be greater, and grain yield per square meter was also greater in IR 64-NIL12 than in IR 64. The newly identified QTLs will be useful for genetic improvement of the yield potential of Indica Group varieties. The markers tightly linked to qTSN12.2 are available for marker-assisted breeding. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Experimental Biology.

Ethane and acetylene abundances in the Jovian atmosphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tokunaga, A.; Knacke, R. F.; Owen, T.

1976-01-01

The paper reports spectra of Jupiter in the spectral region from 755 to 850 kaysers, which covers the nu-9 fundamental of ethane and contains lines from the R branch of the nu-5 fundamental of acetylene. The monochromatic absorption coefficient of the central Q branch of the nu-9 fundamental of ethane, which was determined in the laboratory, is applied in a radiative-transfer calculation to evaluate the ethane mixing ratio in the Jovian atmosphere; the present data are also used to place an upper limit on the acetylene mixing ratio. For the radiative-transfer calculation, emission intensity is computed for the region above the 0.02-atm level assuming both an isothermal inversion layer and a previously reported temperature profile. The resulting maximum mixing ratios consistent with the observations are 0.00003 for ethane and 7.5 by 10 to the -8th power for acetylene.

Innervation of taste buds revealed with Brainbow-labeling in mouse.

PubMed

Zaidi, Faisal N; Cicchini, Vanessa; Kaufman, Daniel; Ko, Elizabeth; Ko, Abraham; Van Tassel, Heather; Whitehead, Mark C

2016-12-01

Nerve fibers that surround and innervate the taste bud were visualized with inherent fluorescence using Brainbow transgenic mice that were generated by mating the founder line L with nestin-cre mice. Multicolor fluorescence revealed perigemmal fibers as branched within the non-taste epithelium and ending in clusters of multiple rounded swellings surrounding the taste pore. Brainbow-labeling also revealed the morphology and branching pattern of single intragemmal fibers. These taste bud fibers frequently innervated both the peripheral bud, where immature gemmal cells are located, and the central bud, where mature, differentiated cells are located. The fibers typically bore preterminal and terminal swellings, growth cones with filopodia, swellings, and rounded retraction bulbs. These results establish an anatomical substrate for taste nerve fibers to contact and remodel among receptor cells at all stages of their differentiation, an interpretation that was supported by staining with GAP-43, a marker for growing fibers and growth cones. © 2016 Anatomical Society.

A diffuse argon plume generated by a longitudinal slit jet equipped with a quadri-electrode barrier discharge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Xuechen; Chu, Jingdi; Zhang, Qi; Zhang, Panpan; Jia, Pengying; Dong, Lifang

2018-04-01

A diffuse argon plume at atmospheric pressure is generated downstream of a longitudinal slit jet equipped with a dielectric barrier discharge in a quadri-electrode configuration. Results indicate that both the plume length and the spectral line intensities increase with the increase in the peak voltage. With fast photography it is found that there is a clear difference for discharges with different polarities. The positive discharge is composed of nonuniform branching filaments; however, it is fairly uniform for the negative discharge. Due to the charge overflow of the intra-electrode discharge, the streamer mechanism is involved in the plume discharge. In fact, the positive discharge and the negative one correspond to a cathode-directed streamer and an anode-directed streamer, respectively. The formation mechanisms of the branching filaments and the diffuse background are discussed at last.

National launch strategy vehicle data management system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cordes, David

1990-01-01

The national launch strategy vehicle data management system (NLS/VDMS) was developed as part of the 1990 NASA Summer Faculty Fellowship Program. The system was developed under the guidance of the Engineering Systems Branch of the Information Systems Office, and is intended for use within the Program Development Branch PD34. The NLS/VDMS is an on-line database system that permits the tracking of various launch vehicle configurations within the program development office. The system is designed to permit the definition of new launch vehicles, as well as the ability to display and edit existing launch vehicles. Vehicles can be grouped in logical architectures within the system. Reports generated from this package include vehicle data sheets, architecture data sheets, and vehicle flight rate reports. The topics covered include: (1) system overview; (2) initial system development; (3) supercard hypermedia authoring system; (4) the ORACLE database; and (5) system evaluation.

The shock-heated atmosphere of an asymptotic giant branch star resolved by ALMA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vlemmings, Wouter; Khouri, Theo; O'Gorman, Eamon; De Beck, Elvire; Humphreys, Elizabeth; Lankhaar, Boy; Maercker, Matthias; Olofsson, Hans; Ramstedt, Sofia; Tafoya, Daniel; Takigawa, Aki

2017-12-01

Our current understanding of the chemistry and mass-loss processes in Sun-like stars at the end of their evolution depends critically on the description of convection, pulsations and shocks in the extended stellar atmosphere1. Three-dimensional hydrodynamical stellar atmosphere models provide observational predictions2, but so far the resolution to constrain the complex temperature and velocity structures seen in the models has been lacking. Here we present submillimetre continuum and line observations that resolve the atmosphere of the asymptotic giant branch star W Hydrae. We show that hot gas with chromospheric characteristics exists around the star. Its filling factor is shown to be small. The existence of such gas requires shocks with a cooling time longer than commonly assumed. A shocked hot layer will be an important ingredient in current models of stellar convection, pulsation and chemistry at the late stages of stellar evolution.

Raman Spectra of Nitrogen, Carbon Dioxide, and Hydrogen in a Methane Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petrov, D. V.; Matrosov, I. I.; Sedinkin, D. O.; Zaripov, A. R.

2018-01-01

Changes in the Raman spectra of N2, H2, and CO2 are studied in the range of 200-3800 cm-1 depending on the concentration of surrounding CH4 molecules at a fixed medium pressure of 25 atm and temperature of 300 K. It has been found that changes in the spectral characteristics of purely rotational H2 lines in a CH4 medium are negligible, while the Q-branches of the v 1/2 v 2 Fermi dyad in CO2 become narrower and wavenumbers of its high-frequency component and v 1 band of N2 decrease. In addition, under these conditions, the ratio of intensities of the CO2 Fermi dyad Q-branch varies in proportion to the concentration of surrounding molecules of CH4. The obtained data will be used in diagnosing the composition of natural gas using Raman spectroscopy.

Precision half-life measurement of the 4-fold forbidden {beta} decay of {sup 50}V

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dombrowski, H.; Neumaier, S.; Zuber, K.

2011-05-15

A sensitive search of the 4-fold forbidden nonunique decay of {sup 50}V has been performed. A total mass measuring time product of 186 kg d has been accumulated. A reliable half-life value with the highest precision so far of (2.29{+-}0.25)x10{sup 17} years of the electron capture decay of {sup 50}V into the first excited state of {sup 50}Ti could be obtained. A photon emission line following the {beta} decay into the first excited state of {sup 50}Cr could not be observed, resulting in a lower limit on the half-life of the {beta}-decay branch of 1.7x10{sup 18} years. This is notmore » in good agreement with a claimed observation of this decay branch published in 1989.« less

Metabolomics Analysis of Hormone-Responsive and Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Cell Responses to Paclitaxel Identify Key Metabolic Differences.

PubMed

Stewart, Delisha A; Winnike, Jason H; McRitchie, Susan L; Clark, Robert F; Pathmasiri, Wimal W; Sumner, Susan J

2016-09-02

To date, no targeted therapies are available to treat triple negative breast cancer (TNBC), while other breast cancer subtypes are responsive to current therapeutic treatment. Metabolomics was conducted to reveal differences in two hormone receptor-negative TNBC cell lines and two hormone receptor-positive Luminal A cell lines. Studies were conducted in the presence and absence of paclitaxel (Taxol). TNBC cell lines had higher levels of amino acids, branched-chain amino acids, nucleotides, and nucleotide sugars and lower levels of proliferation-related metabolites like choline compared with Luminal A cell lines. In the presence of paclitaxel, each cell line showed unique metabolic responses, with some similarities by type. For example, in the Luminal A cell lines, levels of lactate and creatine decreased while certain choline metabolites and myo-inositol increased with paclitaxel. In the TNBC cell lines levels of glutamine, glutamate, and glutathione increased, whereas lysine, proline, and valine decreased in the presence of drug. Profiling secreted inflammatory cytokines in the conditioned media demonstrated a greater response to paclitaxel in the hormone-positive Luminal cells compared with a secretion profile that suggested greater drug resistance in the TNBC cells. The most significant differences distinguishing the cell types based on pathway enrichment analyses were related to amino acid, lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways, whereas several biological pathways were differentiated between the cell lines following treatment.

Performance of USDA guayule lines in the Northern Negev of Israel

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Mills, D.; Benzioni, A.; Forti, M.

The rubber yield of the guayule plant (Parthenium argentatum) is determined by its rubber concentration and biomass production, both of which are a function of genetic constituents and environmental conditions. With the aim of selecting best performing lines of guayule under the climatic conditions of the northern Negev of Israel, two-yr-old guayule plants from 13 USDA lines were evaluated for height, spread, canopy fresh and dry weight, branch and leaf dry weight, rubber and resin concentration, and rubber and resin yield per plant. Significant differences were found among the lines for all the characteristics tested. Lines 11600 and 11604 excelledmore » in rubber and biomass production and were taller and more uniform than the other lines; whereas line N593, conventionally used as a standard, performed poorly and was less uniform. The correlation between rubber yield per plant and rubber concentration was poor, rubber yield being related mainly to biomass production and to a lesser degree to height and spread of the plants. Taken together with fact that biomass production was more variable than rubber concentration, this finding suggests that breeding and selection of guayule and for high rubber yield should be directed primarily towards improvement of biomass production rather than rubber concentration. In the northern Negev of Israel, USDA lines 11600 and 11604 performed well.« less

Anatomical association between wrist extensor musculature and topographical pain sensitivity maps of the elbow area.

PubMed

Prados-Frutos, Juan Carlos; Ruiz-Ruiz, Beatriz; De-la-Llave-Rincón, Ana Isabel; Arendt-Nielsen, Lars; Madeleine, Pascal; Fernández-de-Las-Peñas, César

2012-06-01

High-density topographical sensitivity maps have been developed to visualize nonuniformity deep tissue pain sensitivity in, for example, lateral epicondylitis (LE). The aim of this cadaveric study was to determine the anatomical association between the topographical sensitivity maps over the elbow area and wrist extensor musculature. A topographical pressure sensitivity map consisting of 12 points forming a 3 × 4 matrix: 4 points in the superior part, 4 points in the middle, and 4 points in the lower part around the lateral epicondyle was marker on a 50-year embalmed cadaver. Color marker pins were inserted into each point. Pins were removed during the process of dissection, but the small holes created by their removal assured accurate relocation. Progressive dissection revealed that points 1 to 4 (superior line) were placed over the musculotendinous junction and belly of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB) muscle, points 6 to 8 (middle line) were placed over the musculotendinous junction and belly of the extensor digitorum communis muscle, and points 9 to 12 (inferior line) were located over the musculotendinous junction and belly of the extensor carpi ulnaris muscle. It was also observed that the superficial branch of the radial nerve runs between the belly of the ECRB and extensor digitorum communis muscles. This study confirmed that anatomical location previously assumed supporting the important wrist extensor muscles, particularly the ECRB, in patients with LE as depicted by pressure pain sensitivity maps. This study also suggests a potential role of the superficial branch of the radial nerve in LE. Copyright © 2012 National University of Health Sciences. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

MASS OUTFLOW AND CHROMOSPHERIC ACTIVITY OF RED GIANT STARS IN GLOBULAR CLUSTERS. II. M13 AND M92

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Meszaros, Sz.; Dupree, A. K.; Szalai, T.

High-resolution spectra of 123 red giant stars in the globular cluster M13 and 64 red giant stars in M92 were obtained with Hectochelle at the MMT telescope. Emission and line asymmetries in H{alpha} and Ca II K are identified, characterizing motions in the extended atmospheres and seeking differences attributable to metallicity in these clusters and M15. On the red giant branch, emission in H{alpha} generally appears in stars with T {sub eff} {approx}< 4500 K and log L/L {sub sun}{approx}> 2.75. Fainter stars showing emission are asymptotic giant branch (AGB) stars or perhaps binary stars. The line-bisector for H{alpha} revealsmore » the onset of chromospheric expansion in stars more luminous than log (L/L {sub sun}) {approx} 2.5 in all clusters, and this outflow velocity increases with stellar luminosity. However, the coolest giants in the metal-rich M13 show greatly reduced outflow in H{alpha} most probably due to decreased T {sub eff} and changing atmospheric structure. The Ca II K{sub 3} outflow velocities are larger than shown by H{alpha} at the same luminosity and signal accelerating outflows in the chromospheres. Stars clearly on the AGB show faster chromospheric outflows in H{alpha} than RGB objects. While the H{alpha} velocities on the RGB are similar for all metallicities, the AGB stars in the metal-poor M15 and M92 have higher outflow velocities than in the metal-rich M13. Comparison of these chromospheric line profiles in the paired metal-poor clusters, M15 and M92, shows remarkable similarities in the presence of emission and dynamical signatures, and does not reveal a source of the 'second-parameter' effect.« less

VizieR Online Data Catalog: CaII in extragalactic red giants (Tolstoy+, 2001)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tolstoy, E.; Irwin, M. J.; Cole, A. A.; Pasquini, L.; Gilmozzi, R.; Gallagher, J. S.

2002-01-01

Spectroscopic abundance determinations for stars spanning a Hubble time in age are necessary in order to determine unambiguously the evolutionary histories of galaxies. Using FORS1 in multi-object spectroscopy mode on ANTU (UT1) at the ESO VLT on Paranal, we have obtained near-infrared spectra from which we have measured the equivalent widths of the two strongest Ca II triplet lines to determine metal abundances for a sample of red giant branch stars, selected from ESO NTT optical (I, V-I) photometry of three nearby Local Group galaxies: the Sculptor dwarf spheroidal, the Fornax dwarf spheroidal and the dwarf irregular NGC 6822. The summed equivalent width of the two strongest lines in the Ca II triplet absorption-line feature, centred at 8500{AA}, can be readily converted into an [Fe/H] abundance using the previously established calibrations by Armandroff & Da Costa (1991AJ....101.1329A) and Rutledge, Hesser & Stetson (1997, Cat. ). We have measured metallicities for 37 stars in Sculptor, 32 stars in Fornax and 23 stars in NGC 6822, yielding more precise estimates of the metallicity distribution functions for these galaxies than it is possible to obtain photometrically. In the case of NGC 6822, this is the first direct measurement of the abundances of the intermediate-age and old stellar populations. We find metallicity spreads in each galaxy which are broadly consistent with the photometric width of the red giant branch, although the abundances of individual stars do not always appear to correspond to their colour. This is almost certainly predominantly due to a highly variable star formation rate with time in these galaxies, which results in a non-uniform, non-globular-cluster-like evolution of the Ca/Fe ratio. (6 data files).

RAMAN SCATTERED He II {lambda}4332 IN THE SYMBIOTIC STAR V1016 CYGNI

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lee, Hee-Won

Raman scattering of He II line photons with atomic hydrogen is important in studying the mass loss processes in many symbiotic stars and a number of young planetary nebulae. We calculate the scattering cross sections and branching ratios associated with the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 feature formed through inelastic scattering of He II {lambda}949 with a hydrogen atom. At the line center of He II {lambda}949, the total scattering cross section is computed to be {sigma}{sub tot} = 2.5 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -22} cm{sup 2}, and the branching ratio into the level 2s is 0.12. We also present a high-resolutionmore » spectrum of the symbiotic star V1016 Cygni obtained with the 1.8 m telescope at Mt. Bohyun to investigate the Raman scattering origin of the broad feature blueward of He II {lambda}4338. Based on the atomic calculation, we perform Monte Carlo calculations for the line formation. The scattering region is assumed to be a part of a uniform spherical shell that subtends a solid angle {Delta}{Omega} = {pi} steradian with a neutral column density N{sub HI} = 1.0 x 10{sup 21} cm{sup -2}. By adding a far-UV continuum around He II {lambda}949 normalized by the equivalent width of He II {lambda}949 to be 2.3 Angstrom-Sign , we obtain a good fit for both the Raman scattered He II {lambda}4332 and the broad wings around H{gamma}. Our analysis of the Raman feature blueward of H{gamma} in V1016 Cyg is consistent with the previous study of the Raman features blueward of H{alpha} and H{beta} by Jung and Lee.« less

Branching Fractions and log(gf)s for Weak Lines of Co II connected to the Ground and Low Metastable Levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawler, James Edward; Feigenson, Thomas; Sneden, Chris; Cowan, John J.

2018-01-01

New branching fraction (BF) measurements and log(gf)s of Highly Reliable Lines (HRLs) of Co II are reported. Our measurements test and confirm earlier work by Salih et al. [1985] and Mullman et al. [1998] and expand the earlier BF measurements to include more weak and very weak HRLs. HRLs are UV lines that connect to the population reservoir levels including the ground and low metastable levels of Co+. Such levels contain most of the cobalt in the photospheres of typical F, G, and K stars used in abundance studies. HRLs are essentially immune to departures from Local Thermodynamic Equilibrium (LTE) because they connect to the primary reservoir levels. Lightly-populated high-lying levels of the ion and essentially all levels of the neutral atom have some possibility of being pulled out of LTE through various reactions. Weak and very weak HRLs are needed to determine Co abundances in higher metallicity stars while dominant branches are useful in low metallicity stars of abundance surveys. A large set of HRLs with reliable log(gf)s is desired to avoid blending and saturation problems in photospheric studies. The relative abundance of Fe-peak elements changes as a function of metallicity [e.g. Henry et al. 2010, Sneden et al. 2016] but contributions to the trends from nuclear physics effects in early stars need to be cleanly separated from effect due to limitations of classic photospheric models based on One Dimensional (1D) and LTE approximations. The 1D/LTE approximations of classic photospheric models, which work in well in metal rich dwarf stars such as the Sun, are a source of some concern in Metal Poor (MP) giant stars due to much lower electron and atom pressures. Our new measurements on HRLS of Co II are applied to determine stellar abundances in MP stars.Henry, R. B. C., Cowan, J. J., & Sobeck, J, 2010, ApJ 709, 715Mullman, K. L., Cooper, J. C., & Lawler, J. E. 1998, ApJ, 495, 503Salih, S., Lawler, J. E., & Whaling, W. 1985, PhRvA, 31, 744Sneden et al. 2016, ApJ 817:53Supported by the Univ. of Wisconsin – Hilldale Foundation, NASA grant NNX16AE96G, and NSF grants AST-1516182 & AST1616040.

Cell Culture System for Analysis of Genetic Heterogeneity Within Hepatocellular Carcinomas and Response to Pharmacologic Agents.

PubMed

Gao, Qiang; Wang, Zhi-Chao; Duan, Meng; Lin, Yi-Hui; Zhou, Xue-Ya; Worthley, Daniel L; Wang, Xiao-Ying; Niu, Gang; Xia, Yuchao; Deng, Minghua; Liu, Long-Zi; Shi, Jie-Yi; Yang, Liu-Xiao; Zhang, Shu; Ding, Zhen-Bin; Zhou, Jian; Liang, Chun-Min; Cao, Ya; Xiong, Lei; Xi, Ruibin; Shi, Yong-Yong; Fan, Jia

2017-01-01

No targeted therapies have been found to be effective against hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), possibly due to the large degree of intratumor heterogeneity. We performed genetic analyses of different regions of HCCs to evaluate levels of intratumor heterogeneity and associate alterations with responses to different pharmacologic agents. We obtained samples of HCCs (associated with hepatitis B virus infection) from 10 patients undergoing curative resection, before adjuvant therapy, at hospitals in China. We collected 4-9 spatially distinct samples from each tumor (55 regions total), performed histologic analyses, isolated cancer cells, and carried them low-passage culture. We performed whole-exome sequencing, copy-number analysis, and high-throughput screening of the cultured primary cancer cells. We tested responses of an additional 105 liver cancer cell lines to a fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR) 4 inhibitor. We identified a total of 3670 non-silent mutations (3192 missense, 94 splice-site variants, and 222 insertions or deletions) in the tumor samples. We observed considerable intratumor heterogeneity and branched evolution in all 10 tumors; the mean percentage of heterogeneous mutations in each tumor was 39.7% (range, 12.9%-68.5%). We found significant mutation shifts toward C>T and C>G substitutions in branches of phylogenetic trees among samples from each tumor (P < .0001). Of note, 14 of the 26 oncogenic alterations (53.8%) varied among subclones that mapped to different branches. Genetic alterations that can be targeted by existing pharmacologic agents (such as those in FGF19, DDR2, PDGFRA, and TOP1) were identified in intratumor subregions from 4 HCCs and were associated with sensitivity to these agents. However, cells from the remaining subregions, which did not have these alterations, were not sensitive to these drugs. High-throughput screening identified pharmacologic agents to which these cells were sensitive, however. Overexpression of FGF19 correlated with sensitivity of cells to an inhibitor of FGFR 4; this observation was validated in 105 liver cancer cell lines (P = .0024). By analyzing genetic alterations in different tumor regions of 10 HCCs, we observed extensive intratumor heterogeneity. Our patient-derived cell line-based model, integrating genetic and pharmacologic data from multiregional cancer samples, provides a platform to elucidate how intratumor heterogeneity affects sensitivity to different therapeutic agents. Copyright © 2017 AGA Institute. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spectroscopy at the two-proton drip line: Excited states in 158W

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joss, D. T.; Page, R. D.; Herzán, A.; Donosa, L.; Uusitalo, J.; Carroll, R. J.; Darby, I. G.; Andgren, K.; Cederwall, B.; Eeckhaudt, S.; Grahn, T.; Greenlees, P. T.; Hadinia, B.; Jakobsson, U.; Jones, P. M.; Julin, R.; Juutinen, S.; Leino, M.; Leppanen, A.-P.; Nyman, M.; O'Donnell, D.; Pakarinen, J.; Rahkila, P.; Sandzelius, M.; Sarén, J.; Scholey, C.; Seweryniak, D.; Simpson, J.; Sorri, J.

2017-09-01

Excited states have been identified in the heaviest known even-Z N = 84 isotone 158W, which lies in a region of one-proton emitters and the two-proton drip line. The observation of γ-ray transitions feeding the ground state establishes the excitation energy of the yrast 6+ state confirming the spin-gap nature of the α-decaying 8+ isomer. The 8+ isomer is also expected to be unbound to two-proton emission but no evidence for this decay mode was observed. An upper limit for the two-proton decay branch has been deduced as b2p ≤ 0.17% at the 90% confidence level. The possibility of observing two-proton emission from multiparticle isomers in nearby nuclides is considered.

Absolute intensities for the Q-branch of the 3 nu(sub 2) (-) nu(sub 1) (465.161/cm) band of nitrous oxide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sirota, J. Marcos; Reuter, Dennis C.

1993-01-01

The absolute intensities of four lines, Q 15-Q 18 in the 03(sup 1)0-10(sup 0)0 band, of N2O have been measured using a tunable diode laser spectrometer at temperatures between 380 and 420 K and pressures between 4 and 15 torr. Even though these transitions are weak and produced only about 2% of absorption at the line center for a pathlength of 52 m, they were measured with a signal to noise ratio of about 20 due to the high sensitivity of the instrument. The band strength derived is 1.03 x 10(exp -24) cm/molec at 296 K.

Ultrafast Two-Dimensional Infrared Spectroscopy of a Quasifree Rotor: J Scrambling and Perfectly Anticorrelated Cross Peaks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandal, Aritra; Ng Pack, Greg; Shah, Parth P.; Erramilli, Shyamsunder; Ziegler, L. D.

2018-03-01

Ultrafast two-dimensional infrared (2DIR) spectra of the N2O ν3 mode in moderately dense SF6 gas exhibit complex line shapes with diagonal and antidiagonal features in contrast to condensed phase vibrational 2DIR spectroscopy. Observed spectra for this quasifree rotor system are well captured by a model that includes all 36 possible rovibrational pathways and treats P (Δ J =-1 ) and R (Δ J =+1 ) branch resonances as distinct Kubo line shape features. Transition frequency correlation decay is due to J scrambling within one to two gas collisions at each density. Studies of supercritical solvation and relaxation at high pressure and temperature are enabled by this methodology.

Exploring molecular complexity with ALMA (EMoCA): Simulations of branched carbon-chain chemistry in Sgr B2(N)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Garrod, R. T.; Belloche, A.; Müller, H. S. P.; Menten, K. M.

2017-05-01

Context. Using millimeter wavelength data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA), the EMoCA spectral line survey recently revealed the presence of both the straight-chain (normal) and branched (iso) forms of propyl cyanide (C3H7CN) toward the Galactic Center star-forming source Sgr B2(N2). This was the first interstellar detection of a branched aliphatic molecule. Aims: Through computational methods, we seek to explain the observed I:n ratio for propyl cyanide, and to predict the abundances of the four different forms of the homologous nitrile, butyl cyanide (C4H9CN). We also investigate whether other molecules will show a similar degree of branching, by modeling the chemistry of alkanes up to pentane (C5H12). Methods: We use the coupled three-phase chemical kinetics model, MAGICKAL, to simulate the chemistry of the hot-core source Sgr B2(N2), using an updated chemical network that includes grain-surface/ice-mantle formation routes for branched nitriles and alkanes. The network explicitly considers radical species with an unpaired electron on either the primary or secondary carbon in a chain. We also include mechanisms for the addition of the cyanide radical, CN, to hydrocarbons with multiple bonds between carbon atoms, using activation energy barriers from the literature. We use the EMoCA survey data to search for the straight-chain form of butyl cyanide toward Sgr B2(N2). Results: The observed I:n ratio for propyl cyanide is reproduced by the models, with intermediate to fast warm-up timescales providing the most accurate result. Butyl cyanide is predicted to show similar abundances to propyl cyanide, and to exhibit strong branching, with the sec form clearly dominant over all others. Normal and iso-butyl cyanide are expected to have similar abundances to each other, while the tert form is significantly less abundant. The addition of CN to acetylene and ethene is found to be important to the production of vinyl, ethyl, propyl, and butyl cyanide. The alkanes also show significant branching. We report a non-detection of n-C4H9CN toward Sgr B2(N2), with an abundance at least 1.7 times lower than that of n-C3H7CN. This value is within the range predicted by the chemical models. Conclusions: The models indicate that the degree of branching rises with increasing molecular size. The efficiency of CN addition to unsaturated hydrocarbons boosts the abundances of nitriles in the model, and enhances the ratio of straight-to-branched molecule production. Other types of molecule may be less abundant, but show an even greater degree of branching. The predicted abundance of, in particular, s-C4H9CN, which at its peak is comparable to that of propyl cyanide, makes it a good candidate for future detection toward Sgr B2(N2).

Identification of the seismogenic source of the 1875 Cucuta earthquake on the basis of a combination of neotectonic, paleoseismologic and historic seismicity studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rodríguez, Luz; Diederix, Hans; Torres, Eliana; Audemard, Franck; Hernández, Catalina; Singer, André; Bohórquez, Olga; Yepez, Santiago

2018-03-01

An interesting variety of field evidence that collectively cover the three branches of Earthquake Geology: Neotectonics, Paleoseismology and Historical seismicity, has been collected in the border area between Venezuela and Colombia, near the town of San José de Cúcuta, as part of a study aimed at establishing the seismic source of the great Cucuta Earthquake, that occurred on May 18th, 1875, and that caused heavy losses of life and destruction on both sides of the border, between the Department of Norte de Santander in Colombia and Táchira state in Venezuela. This region is affected by the activity of several cross-border fault systems that converge in the zone of the so-called Pamplona Indenter. Among these seismic sources, the potential candidates of this destructive seismic event in 1875 are those related to the Boconó Fault System, of the northwestern foothills of the Mérida Andes and in particular it's most northwestern expression, the Aguas Calientes Fault System, as suggested by previous research carried out by FUNVISIS for the Venezuelan oil industry in the late 80s. In order to confirm whether this was the responsible system for the earthquake or not, the following studies were carried out: 1) In Neotectonics, a detailed binational surface mapping of the active faults of this system was carried out. This system consists of three branches referred to in this paper as: the North, Central and South branch respectively; 2) In Paleoseismology, two trenches were excavated. The first trench was excavated across the South branch and the second one across the North branch, which confirmed fault activity during the Holocene epoch; 3) In historical seismicity the direct coseismic surface effects that occurred in the epicentral area of the earthquake were assessed. All evidence collected and integrated in these three lines of research, made it possible to conclude that the Central branch of the Aguas Calientes fault system is the most likely candidate to have been the cause of this seismic event.

Subcutaneous haemangiosarcoma in a cockatiel (Nymphicus hollandicus).

PubMed

Sledge, D G; Radi, Z A; Miller, D L; Lynn, B S

2006-08-01

An ulcerated, 1 x 0.5 cm, subcutaneous mass on the craniolateral aspect of the right tibiotarsus of a 4-year-old male cockatiel was removed. Histologically, the neoplasm was non-encapsulated, infiltrative and composed of irregular vascular channels lined by branching and variably sized spindle-shaped cells with large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli and rare mitoses. Surrounding these vascular channels were fibroblasts and mixed inflammatory cells. Neoplastic cells had diffuse immunoreactivity to factor VIII supporting a diagnosis of haemangiosarcoma.

In Vivo Imaging of Branched Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-10-01

and dietary supplement . Due to its close similarity with cysteine, NAC is likely to undergo oxidation to form disulfide product, while its acetyl...Canary Center (Stanford University). Each cell line was cultured with Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% Fetal Bovine Serum...incubated at 37 °C with pig liver esterase (7.5 Units/mL) in RPMI media supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 5% penicillin-streptomycin. Pig liver

Identification of Sonic Hedgehog-Induced Stromal Factors That Stimulate Prostate Tumor Growth

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-11-01

Regulates Prostate Tumor Growth by a Paracrine Mechanism. Poster at The 4th International Conference on Tumor Microenvironment, Florence, Italy ...transcription in a prostate smooth muscle cell line (PS-1). Endocrinology 137:864-872. Grishina, I.B., Kim, S.Y., Ferrara , C., Makarenkova, H.P., and Walden...Endocrinology 137:864-872. Grishina, I.B., Kim, S.Y., Ferrara , C., Makarenkova, H.P., and Walden, P.D. (2005) BMP7 inhibits branching morphogenesis in the

In Vivo Imaging of Branched Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in Prostate Cancer

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-08-01

model more closely mimicking human metabolism by assessing four prostate cancer cell lines: PC-3, DU-145, LNCaP and LAPC-4. The PC-3 cells had...Although the xenograph BCAT activity was 2.5 fold higher than cells alone (approaching human levels), the tumors grew very poorly (volumes ≤ 0.2 cc...assessment of prostate cancer (see Appendix 1: Revised Statement of Work). Specifically, as part of these cell - culture and xenograph experiments we

Career Profiles- Drawing Controller Kelvin Siu- Operations Engineering Branch

NASA Image and Video Library

2016-06-23

The Drawing Control group provides project support in the form of drafting services, drawing version management, and drawing archival. The office provides drafting services through creation of new drawings and sketches, or integration of red-lines. They maintain physical and electronic storage of flight vehicle drawings, and archive all sketches for the AFRC community. This office is the controlling organization for all Armstrong drawing formats and maintains the drawing numbering system for flight vehicle projects.

The Effects of Internal Tides on Acoustic Propagation in the Philippine Sea

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

understanding during the long days spent away from home while working on this thesis xvi THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK 1 I. INTRODUCTION...sweeping by a vertical set of receivers at a fixed range. Each wavefront branch is seen as the line between caustics (acoustic focusing points where...the ray folds), and is composed of eigenrays with the same ID. The caustics farthest to the left of the timefront plot represent the rays with large

Polariton-acoustic-phonon interaction in a semiconductor microcavity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cassabois, G.; Triques, A. L. C.; Bogani, F.; Delalande, C.; Roussignol, Ph.; Piermarocchi, C.

2000-01-01

The broadening of polariton lines by acoustic phonons is investigated in a semiconductor microcavity by means of interferometric correlation measurements with subpicosecond resolution. A decrease of the polariton-acoustic phonon coupling is clearly observed for the lower polariton branch as one approaches the resonance between exciton and photon states. This behavior cannot be explained in terms of a semiclassical linear dispersion theory but requires a full quantum description of the microcavity in the strong-coupling regime.

Research and Development in Support of the Surface Chemistry Branch. Volume 2

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-06-01

factors affecting stress propagation pnd tribological oerformnance, and will aid in the development of models. (Continued on back of sheet) 20...Sensor Hardware 4) A Study of SAW Oscillator Performance: SAW Reson3tors vs. SAW Delay Lines B.Research Papers Published in the Procaedings of the 1986...U.S. Army CRDEC Conference on Chemical Defense Research 1) "Poly(ethylene maleate) Variants for SAW Micrusensor Coating Study " 2) "Limits of Chemical

High Resolution Infrared Heterodyne Spectroscopy: Ethylene bands at 10.5 MU m.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozhenko, V.; Kostiuk, T.; Buhl, D.; Hewagama, T.; Livengood, T. A.; Kollyukh, A.

1998-09-01

Heterodyne Spectroscopy can make a significant contribution to remote studies of planetary atmospheres and other gaseous astronomical objects. Infrared heterodyne investigations of planetary atmospheres permit the determination of their composition, distribution of pressure and temperature with altitude, and the investigation of local physics and chemistry. This method is especially important for the investigation of atmospheric dynamics. It has a high spectral resolution ( lambda /Delta lambda ~ 10(7) ), which makes it possible to remotely determine the direction and speed of winds with an accuracy 2 m/s (J.Goldstein et al., 1991). However, in order to retrieve the atmospheric parameters from atmospheric line measurements, it is important to know the molecular parameters of the lines being measured. Ethylene (C_2H_4) is an important hydrocarbon present in atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Titan (e.g., T.Kostiuk et al., 1993). It is a product of methane chemistry in the stratospheres of these planets and has a complicated spectrum in the middle IR region. This makes it a very interesting and usable probe of physical-dynamical properties of these atmospheres. In this report we present initial results of laboratory investigations of absorption lines of ethylene in the nu_4 , nu {_7} and nu_ {10} bands near 10.5 mu m. The measurements were made using a laboratory infrared heterodyne spectrometer with the ethylene gas at temperatures 293-297K and pressures 0.05-50 Torr. Parameters of more than 150 lines were measured relative to lines in the P and R branches of the (12) CO_2 laser and in the P branch of the (14) CO_2 laser. Absolute frequencies of the stronger lines were determined to +/- 5.3*10(-5) cm(-1) . Their intensities were determined to ~10%. The dependence of the line width on pressure was determined. Comparison of our results with other experimental and theoretical results (J. Hillman et al.,1998) will be discussed. V.Morozhenko acknowledges support under an NAS/NRC Resident Research Associateship. References: [1] Kostiuk, T., Infrared Phys.Technol. 35, 243, (1994). [2] Goldstein, J. J., M. J. Mumma, T. Kostiuk, D. Deming, F. Espenak, and D. Zipoy, \\ Icarus, 94, 45-63, (1991). [3] Kostiuk, T., R.Romani, F.Espenak, T.Livengood, J.J.Goldstein, J.of Geophys. Research, 98, 18823 (1993). [4] Hillman, J.J., D.C.Reuter, J.M.Sirota, W.E.Blass, S.J.Daunt, L.R.Senesac, A.C.Ewing, L.W. Jennings, M.C.Weber, J.S.Hager, S.L.Mahan, A.Fayt, Laboratory Space Science Workshop, Boston, April 01-03 (1998).

Hot HB Stars in Globular Clusters: Physical Parameters and Consequences for Theory. VI; The Second Parameter Pair M 3 and M 13

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Moehler, S.; Landsman, W. B.; Sweigart, A. V.; Grundahl, F.

2003-01-01

We present the results of spectroscopic analyses of hot horizontal branch (HB) stars in M 13 and M 3, which form a famous "second parameter" pair. F rom the spectra and Stromgren photometry we derived - for the first time in M 13 - atmospheric parameters (effective temperature and surface gravity). For stars with Stromgren temperatures between 10,000 and 12,000 K we found excellent agreement between the atmospheric parameters derived from Stromgren photometry and those derived from Balmer line profile fits. However, for cooler stars there is a disagreement in the parameters derived by the two methods, for which we have no satisfactory explanation. Stars hotter than 12,000 K show evidence for helium depletion and iron enrichment, both in M 3 and M 13. Accounting for the iron enrichment substantially improves the agreement with canonical evolutionary models, although the derived gravities and masses are still somewhat too low. This remaining discrepancy may be an indication that scaled-solar metal-rich model atmospheres do not adequately represent the highly non-solar abundance ratios found in blue HB stars affected by diffusion. We discuss the effects of an enhancement in the envelope helium abundance on the atmospheric parameters of the blue HB stars, as might be caused by deep mixing on the red giant branch or primordial pollution from an earlier generation of intermediate mass asymptotic giant branch stars. Key words. Stars: atmospheres - Stars: evolution - Stars: horizontal branch - Globular clusters: individual: M 3 - Globular clusters: individual: M 13

Decay studies of neutron deficient nuclei near the Z=64 subshell: 142Dy, 140,142Tb, 140,142Gd, 140,142Eu, 142Sm, and 142Pm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Firestone, R. B.; Gilat, J.; Nitschke, J. M.; Wilmarth, P. A.; Vierinen, K. S.

1991-03-01

The electron-capture and β+-decay branchings (EC/β+) and delayed proton decays of A=142 isotopes with 61<=Z<=66 and A=140 isotopes with 63<=Z<=65 were investigated with the OASIS facility on-line at the Lawrence Berkeley Laboratory SuperHILAC. Electron capture and positron-decay emission probabilities have been determined for 142Pm and 142Sm decays, and extensive decay schemes have been constructed for 142Eug(2.34+/-0.12 s), 142Gd(70.2+/-0.6 s), 140Eu(1.51+/-0.02 s), and 140Gd(15.8+/-0.4 s). Decay schemes for the new isotopes 142Tbg(597+/-17 ms), 142Tbm(303+/-17 ms), 142Dy(2.3+/-0.3 s), 140Eum(125+/-2 ms), and 140Tb(2.4+/-0.2 s) are also presented. We have assigned γ rays to these isotopes on the basis of γγ and xγ coincidences, and from half-life determinations. Electron-capture and β+-decay branchings were measured for each decay, and β-delayed proton branchings were determined for 142Dy, 142Tb, and 140Tb decays. QEC values, derived from the measured EC/β+ branchings and the level schemes are compared with those from the Wapstra and Audi mass evaluation and the Liran and Zeldes mass calculation. The systematics of the N=77 isomer decays are discussed, and the intense 0+-->1+ and 1+-->0+ ground-state beta decays are compared with shell-model predictions for simple spin-flip transitions.

The Chemical Composition of NGC 5824, a Globular Cluster without Iron Spread but with an Extreme Mg–Al Anticorrelation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mucciarelli, Alessio; Lapenna, Emilio; Ferraro, Francesco R.; Lanzoni, Barbara

2018-05-01

NGC 5824 is a massive Galactic globular cluster suspected to have an intrinsic spread in its iron content, according to the strength of the calcium triplet lines. We present chemical abundances of 117 cluster giant stars using high-resolution spectra acquired with the multi-object spectrograph FLAMES. The metallicity distribution of 87 red giant branch stars is peaked at [Fe/H] = ‑2.11 ± 0.01 dex, while that derived from 30 asymptotic giant branch stars is peaked at [Fe/H] = ‑2.20 ± 0.01 dex. Both the distributions are compatible with a null spread, indicating that this cluster did not retain the ejecta of supernovae. The small iron abundance offset between the two groups of stars is similar to the abundances already observed among red and asymptotic giant branch stars in other clusters. The lack of intrinsic iron spread rules out the possibility that NGC 5824 is the remnant of a disrupted dwarf galaxy, as previously suggested. We also find evidence of the chemical anomalies usually observed in globular clusters, namely the Na–O and the Mg–Al anticorrelations. In particular, NGC 5824 exhibits a huge range of [Mg/Fe] abundance, observed in only a few metal-poor and/or massive clusters. We conclude that NGC 5824 is a normal globular cluster, without spread in [Fe/H] but with an unusually large spread in [Mg/Fe], possibly due to an efficient self-enrichment driven by massive asymptotic giant branch stars. Based on observations collected at the ESO-VLT under the program 095.D-0290.

Performance of a hard X-ray split-and-delay optical system with a wavefront division

DOE PAGES

Hirano, Takashi; Osaka, Taito; Morioka, Yuki; ...

2018-01-01

The performance of a hard X-ray split-and-delay optical (SDO) system with a wavefront division scheme was investigated at the hard X-ray free-electron laser facility SACLA. For the wavefront division, beam splitters made of edge-polished perfect Si(220) crystals were employed. We characterized the beam properties of the SDO system, and investigated its capabilities for beam manipulation and diagnostics. First, it was confirmed that shot-to-shot non-invasive diagnostics of pulse energies for both branches in the SDO system was feasible. Second, nearly ideal and identical focal profiles for both branches were obtained with a spot size of ~1.5 µm in full width atmore » half-maximum. Third, a spatial overlap of the two focused beams with a sub-µm accuracy was achieved by fine tuning of the SDO system. Finally, a reliable tunability of the delay time between two pulses was confirmed. The time interval was measured with an X-ray streak camera by changing the path length of the variable-delay branch. As a result, errors from the fitted line were evaluated to be as small as ±0.4 ps over a time range of 60 ps.« less

Protection Relaying Scheme Based on Fault Reactance Operation Type

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tsuji, Kouichi

The theories of operation of existing relays are roughly divided into two types: one is the current differential types based on Kirchhoff's first law and the other is impedance types based on second law. We can apply the Kirchhoff's laws to strictly formulate fault phenomena, so the circuit equations are represented non linear simultaneous equations with variables fault point k and fault resistance Rf. This method has next two defect. 1) heavy computational burden for the iterative calculation on N-R method, 2) relay operator can not easily understand principle of numerical matrix operation. The new protection relay principles we proposed this paper focuses on the fact that the reactance component on fault point is almost zero. Two reactance Xf(S), Xf(R) on branch both ends are calculated by operation of solving linear equations. If signs of Xf(S) and Xf(R) are not same, it can be judged that the fault point exist in the branch. This reactance Xf corresponds to difference of branch reactance between actual fault point and imaginaly fault point. And so relay engineer can to understand fault location by concept of “distance". The simulation results using this new method indicates the highly precise estimation of fault locations compared with the inspected fault locations on operating transmission lines.

Performance of a hard X-ray split-and-delay optical system with a wavefront division

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hirano, Takashi; Osaka, Taito; Morioka, Yuki

The performance of a hard X-ray split-and-delay optical (SDO) system with a wavefront division scheme was investigated at the hard X-ray free-electron laser facility SACLA. For the wavefront division, beam splitters made of edge-polished perfect Si(220) crystals were employed. We characterized the beam properties of the SDO system, and investigated its capabilities for beam manipulation and diagnostics. First, it was confirmed that shot-to-shot non-invasive diagnostics of pulse energies for both branches in the SDO system was feasible. Second, nearly ideal and identical focal profiles for both branches were obtained with a spot size of ~1.5 µm in full width atmore » half-maximum. Third, a spatial overlap of the two focused beams with a sub-µm accuracy was achieved by fine tuning of the SDO system. Finally, a reliable tunability of the delay time between two pulses was confirmed. The time interval was measured with an X-ray streak camera by changing the path length of the variable-delay branch. As a result, errors from the fitted line were evaluated to be as small as ±0.4 ps over a time range of 60 ps.« less

New Algorithm Identifies Tidal Streams Oriented Along our Line-of-Sight

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lin, Ziyi; Newberg, Heidi; Amy, Paul; Martin, Charles Harold; Rockcliffe, Keighley E.

2018-01-01

The known dwarf galaxy tidal streams in the Milky Way are primarily oriented perpendicular to our line-of-sight. That is because they are concentrated into an observable higher-surface-brightness feature at a particular distance, or because they tightly cluster in line-of-sight velocity in a particular direction. Streams that are oriented along our line-of-sight are spread over a large range of distances and velocities. However, these distances and velocities are correlated in predicable ways. We used a set of randomly oriented Milky Way orbits to develop a technique that bins stars in combinations of distance and velocity that are likely for tidal streams. We applied this technique to identify previously unknown tidal streams in a set of blue horizontal branch stars in the first quadrant from Data Release 10 of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS). This project was supported by NSF grant AST 16-15688, a Rensselaer Presidential Fellowship, the NASA/NY Space Grant fellowship, and contributions made by The Marvin Clan, Babette Josephs, Manit Limlamai, and the 2015 Crowd Funding Campaign to Support Milky Way Research.

Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new species of barb (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) from the northern Western Ghats, India.

PubMed

Katwate, U; Jadhav, S; Kumkar, P; Raghavan, R; Dahanukar, N

2016-05-01

Pethia sanjaymoluri, a new cyprinid, is described from the Pavana and Nira tributaries of Bhima River, Krishna drainage, Maharashtra, India. It can be distinguished from congeners by a combination of characteristics that includes an incomplete lateral line, absence of barbels, upper lip thick and fleshy, 23-25 lateral series scales, 7-12 lateral-line pored scales, 10 predorsal scales, 11-14 prepelvic scales, 17-20 pre-anal scales, 4½ scales between dorsal-fin origin and lateral line, four scales between lateral line and pelvic-fin origin, 8-15 pairs of serrae on distal half of dorsal-fin spine, 12-14 branched pectoral-fin rays, 4 + 26 total vertebrae, 4 + 5 predorsal vertebrae, 4 + 13 abdominal vertebrae, 13 caudal vertebrae and a unique colour pattern comprising a humeral spot positioned below the lateral line and encompassing the third and fourth lateral-line scales and one scale below, one caudal spot on 17th-21st lateral-line scales with a yellow hue on its anterior side and apical half of dorsal fin studded with melanophores making the fin tip appear black. Genetic analysis based on the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequence suggests that the species is distinct from other known species of Pethia for which data are available. © 2016 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles.

Topological Aspects of the FAITH Experiment

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Tobak, Murray; Long, Kurtis

2010-01-01

This slide presentation reviews the following issues (1) What is relationship between surface pressure extrema and singular points? (2) Does every singular point in a pattern of skin friction lines occur at a surface pressure extremum? (and/or vice versa?) (3) Can this relationship be generalized to all geometries? (4) FAITH Project (5) Ongoing effort at NASA Ames Experimental AeroPhysics Branch (6) Multi-parameter wind tunnel investigation of flow around obstacle (7) Acquire data for CFD validation, optimization and (8) Relationship between FAITH and topology projects

Performance of a Highly Stabilized and High-resolution Beamline BL17SU for Advanced Soft X-ray Spectroscopy at SPring-8

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ohashi, Haruhiko; Tanaka, Takashi; Kitamura, Hideo

2007-01-19

A new soft x-ray beamline BL17SU (RIKEN) has been constructed at SPring-8. The beamline consists of two branches with each varied-line-spacing-plane-grating-monochromator. Both monochromators perform high energy resolution (E/{delta}E > 10,000) between 0.2 and 1 keV. One of the monochromator achieves high energy stability of 10 meV over a period of half a day.

Carbon Dioxide Line Positions in the 2.8 and 4.3 Micron Regions at 800 Kelvin.

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-02-19

90 5ආ 18. Transmission and reflection of the beamsplitter for a) the heavy coating used for the infrared b) the lighter coating used for the...branches). By the 1950’s infrared spectrometers with sufficient spectral resolution had been developed to start observing the individual 15 -*..v...originating from lower lying • . vibrational excited states. .. During the 1970’s the use of better infrared spectrometers and a variety of infrared sources

Military Service Records and Unit Histories: A Guide to Locating Sources

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-26

records, therefoa- e , written authorization from the veta -an or ne.’Ct of kin is not rEqUired. However, in ordet" to protect the privacy of the...line E -mail: MPR.center@nara.gov Older military personnel records (generally prior to World War I, depending on the service branch) are located at...AFB, DC 20032-5000 E -mail: afhso.research@pentagon.af.mil http://www.afhso.af.mil/ (202) 404-2264 National Museum of the U.S. Air Force 1100

Lubrication system with tolerance for reduced gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Portlock, Lawrence E. (Inventor); McCune, Michael E. (Inventor); Dobek, Louis J. (Inventor)

2012-01-01

A lubrication system includes an auxiliary lubricant tank 48, a supply conduit 58 extending from a source of lubricant 26 to the auxiliary lubricant tank. A reduced-G bypass line 108 branches from the conduit and enters the auxiliary tank at a first elevation E.sub.1. The system also includes an auxiliary tank discharge conduit 116, a portion of which resides within the tank. The resident portion has an opening 122 at least partially at a second elevation E.sub.2 higher than the first elevation.

Lubrication System with Tolerance for Reduced Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Portlock, Lawrence E. (Inventor); McCune, Michael E. (Inventor); Dobek, Louis J. (Inventor)

2013-01-01

A lubrication system includes an auxiliary lubricant tank 48, a supply conduit 58 extending from a source of lubricant 26 to the auxiliary lubricant tank. A reduced-G bypass line 108 branches from the conduit and enters the auxiliary tank at a first elevation E.sub.1. The system also includes an auxiliary tank discharge conduit 116, a portion of which resides within the tank. The resident portion has an opening 122 at least partially at a second elevation E.sub.2 higher than the first elevation.

Columbia University Participation in the Infrared Space Observatory (ISO) Guest Obs. Program: Evolution of Near-Infrared Lines from the Formation of Supernova Remnant 1987A

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crotts, Arlin P. S.

2000-01-01

The goal of this project is to determine the mass loss history of a sample of seven mass losing Asymptotic Giant Branch stars. This is done by observing their circumstellar dust shells which contain a record of the most recent mass loss history. The further away from the star we are able to detect this increasingly fainter dust emission the further back we can look into the mass loss history.

An Adaptive Method of Lines with Error Control for Parabolic Equations of the Reaction-Diffusion Type.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-06-01

space discretization error . 1. I 3 1. INTRODUCTION Reaction- diffusion processes occur in many branches of biology and physical chemistry. Examples...to model reaction- diffusion phenomena. The primary goal of this adaptive method is to keep a particular norm of the space discretization error less...AD-A142 253 AN ADAPTIVE MET6 OFD LNES WITH ERROR CONTROL FOR 1 INST FOR PHYSICAL SCIENCE AND TECH. I BABUSKAAAO C7 EA OH S UMR AN UNVC EEP R

Evolution of major metabolic innovations in the Precambrian

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Barnabas, J.; Schwartz, R. M.; Dayhoff, M. O.

1982-01-01

A combination of information on the metabolic capabilities of prokaryotes with a composite phylogenetic tree depicting an overview of prokaryote evolution based on the sequences of bacterial ferredoxin, 2Fe-2S ferredoxin, 5S ribosomal RNA, and c-type cytochromes shows three zones of major metabolic innovation in the Precambrian. The middle of these, which reflects the genesis of oxygen-releasing photosynthesis and aerobic respiration, links metabolic innovations of the anaerobic stem on the one hand and, on the other, proliferation of aerobic bacteria and the symbiotic associations leading to the eukaryotes. Those pathways where information on the structure of the enzymes is known are especially considered. Halobacterium and Thermoplasma (archaebacteria) do not belong to a totally independent line on the basis of the composite tree but branch from the eukaryote cytoplasmic line.

Data acquisition and processing system for the HT-6M tokamak fusion experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Shu, Y.T.; Liu, G.C.; Pang, J.Q.

1987-08-01

This paper describes a high-speed data acquisition and processing system which has been successfully operated on the HT-6M tokamak fusion experimental device. The system collects, archives and analyzes up to 512 kilobytes of data from each shot of the experiment. A shot lasts 50-150 milliseconds and occurs every 5-10 minutes. The system consists of two PDP-11/24 computer systems. One PDP-11/24 is used for real-time data taking and on-line data analysis. It is based upon five CAMAC crates organized into a parallel branch. Another PDP-11/24 is used for off-line data processing. Both data acquisition software RSX-DAS and data processing software RSX-DAPmore » have modular, multi-tasking and concurrent processing features.« less

Transition probabilities for the 3s2 3p(2P0)-3s3p2(4P) intersystem lines of Si II

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Calamai, Anthony G.; Smith, Peter L.; Bergeson, S. D.

1993-01-01

Intensity ratios of lines of the spin-changing 'intersystem' multiplet of S II (4P yields 2P0) at 234 nm have been used to determine electron densities and temperatures in a variety of astrophysical environments. However, the accuracy of these diagnostic calculations have been limited by uncertainties associated with the available atomic data. We report the first laboratory measurement, using an ion-trapping technique, of the radiative lifetimes of the three metastable levels of the 3s3p2 4P term of Si II. Our results are 104 +/- 16, 406 +/- 33, and 811 +/- 77 micro-s for lifetimes of the J = 1/2, 5/2, and 3/2 levels, respectively. A-values were derived from our lifetimes by use of measured branching fractions. Our A-values, which differ from calculated values by 30 percent or more, should give better agreement between modeled and observed Si II line ratios.

Survey of subterranean termites (Isoptera: Rhinotermitidae) in a managed silvicultural plantation in Portugal, using a line-intersection method (LIS).

PubMed

Nobre, T; Nunes, L; Bignell, D E

2009-02-01

Subterranean termites (Reticulitermes grassei) were surveyed over successive seasons in a managed eucalyptus plantation in southeastern Portugal for 26 months. Termite activity in seven diameter categories of lying dead wood was investigated by a modified line intersection method (LIS). Each item sampled was inspected and assessed for termite attack and for general (i.e. fungal) decay status using standard protocols. Line intersection is quantitative to the extent that it can link foraging and decay parameters to woody biovolume. It was found that termites selected items with larger diameter, the observed trend showing an exponential character with greater termite attack as diameter increased. Attack by termites was positively associated with prior decay by fungi. A clear positive relationship was shown between rainfall and total woody biovolume containing live termites, underlining the importance of moisture for termite activity. Subterranean termites appeared to be important wood decomposers in the woodland studied, with an average of 30% of lying dead wood branches showing signs of termite attack.

Ultraviolet and optical observations of metal deficient red giants and chromospheric models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duprele, A. K.; Avrett, E. H.; Hartmann, L.; Smith, G.

1984-01-01

Three metal deficient field stars were observed in the ultraviolet and optical spectral regions: HD 165195, HD 110281, and HD 232078. High dispersion spectra near H alpha, and low dispersion, long wavelength IUE spectra were obtained. The H alpha profiles have strong asymmetric emission with absorption cores that are frequently asymmetric. The surface flux of Mg II lines is similar to that of luminous Pop I stars in spite of the lower metal abundance. Semi-empirical atmospheric models suggest that the characteristic emission in the wings of the H alpha line can arise within static chromospheres. Radial expansion gives an asymmetric, blue-shifted H alpha core accompanied by greater emission in the red line wing than the blue wing. Wind models with extended atmospheres suggest mass loss rates - 2 billion M/yr. Thus H alpha provides no evidence that steady mass loss is substantial enough to significantly affect the evolution of stars on the red giant branch of globular clusters.

Cascades of Particles Moving at Finite Velocity in Hyperbolic Spaces

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cammarota, V.; Orsingher, E.

2008-12-01

A branching process of particles moving at finite velocity over the geodesic lines of the hyperbolic space (Poincaré half-plane and Poincaré disk) is examined. Each particle can split into two particles only once at Poisson spaced times and deviates orthogonally when splitted. At time t, after N( t) Poisson events, there are N( t)+1 particles moving along different geodesic lines. We are able to obtain the exact expression of the mean hyperbolic distance of the center of mass of the cloud of particles. We derive such mean hyperbolic distance from two different and independent ways and we study the behavior of the relevant expression as t increases and for different values of the parameters c (hyperbolic velocity of motion) and λ (rate of reproduction). The mean hyperbolic distance of each moving particle is also examined and a useful representation, as the distance of a randomly stopped particle moving over the main geodesic line, is presented.

The Rydberg electronic transitions of the hydrogen molecule

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Babb, J.F.; Chang, E.S.

1992-01-01

Transition energies and relative line strengths, without Boltzmann weighting, for the electric dipole transitions between Rydberg states n{prime}L{prime} and nL of the hydrogen molecule (one electron in a near-hydrogenic state of high n and L, with n the principal quantum number and L the orbital angular momentum quantum number of the electron) are calculated. Since the H{sup +}{sub 2} core is loosely coupled to the Rydberg electron, numerous lines occur, depending on the vector sum of L and the core rotational angular momentum. For the core vibrational quantum numbers v = 0 to 5 the strongest lines among the P,more » Q, and R branches for the lowest 12 core rotational levels are given for the particular transition arrays 6h-5g, 8i-6h, 7i-6h, 8k-7i, and 9l-8k, for which transitions occur in the wave number range 350 to 1,400 cm {sup {minus}1}.« less

Designing worked examples for learning tangent lines to circles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Retnowati, E.; Marissa

2018-03-01

Geometry is a branch of mathematics that deals with shape and space, including the circle. A difficult topic in the circle may be the tangent line to circle. This is considered a complex material since students have to simultaneously apply several principles to solve the problems, these are the property of circle, definition of the tangent, measurement and Pythagorean theorem. This paper discusses designs of worked examples for learning tangent line to circles and how to apply this design to an effective and efficient instructional activity. When students do not have sufficient prior knowledge, solving tangent problems might be clumsy, and as a consequence, the problem-solving activity hinders learning. According to a Cognitive Load Theory, learning occurs when students can construct new knowledge based on the relevant knowledge previously learned. When the relevant knowledge is unavailable, providing students with the worked example is suggested. Worked example may reduce unproductive process during learning that causes extraneous cognitive load. Nevertheless, worked examples must be created in such a way facilitate learning.

The Evolution of SINEs and LINEs in the genus Chironomus (Diptera).

PubMed

Papusheva, Ekaterina; Gruhl, Mary C; Berezikov, Eugene; Groudieva, Tatiana; Scherbik, Svetlana V; Martin, Jon; Blinov, Alexander; Bergtrom, Gerald

2004-03-01

Genomic DNA amplification from 51 species of the family Chironomidae shows that most contain relatives of NLRCth1 LINE and CTRT1 SINE retrotransposons first found in Chironomus thummi. More than 300 cloned PCR products were sequenced. The amplified region of the reverse transcriptase gene in the LINEs is intact and highly conserved, suggesting active elements. The SINEs are less conserved, consistent with minimal/no selection after transposition. A mitochondrial gene phylogeny resolves the Chironomus genus into six lineages (Guryev et al. 2001). LINE and SINE phylogenies resolve five of these lineages, indicating their monophyletic origin and vertical inheritance. However, both the LINE and the SINE tree topologies differ from the species phylogeny, resolving the elements into "clusters I-IV" and "cluster V" families. The data suggest a descent of all LINE and SINE subfamilies from two major families. Based on the species phylogeny, a few LINEs and a larger number of SINEs are cladisitically misplaced. Most misbranch with LINEs or SINEs from species with the same families of elements. From sequence comparisons, cladistically misplaced LINEs and several misplaced SINEs arose by convergent base substitutions. More diverged SINEs result from early transposition and some are derived from multiple source SINEs in the same species. SINEs from two species (C. dorsalis, C. pallidivittatus), expected to belong to the clusters I-IV family, branch instead with cluster V family SINEs; apparently both families predate separation of cluster V from clusters I-IV species. Correlation of the distribution of active SINEs and LINEs, as well as similar 3' sequence motifs in CTRT1 and NLRCth1, suggests coevolving retrotransposon pairs in which CTRT1 transposition depends on enzymes active during NLRCth1 LINE mobility.

Acoustic resonance in MEMS scale cylindrical tubes with side branches

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schill, John F.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.; Marcus, Logan S.

2014-05-01

Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a useful monitoring technique that is well suited for trace gas detection. This method routinely exhibits detection limits at the parts-per-million (ppm) or parts-per-billion (ppb) level for gaseous samples. PAS also possesses favorable detection characteristics when the system dimensions are scaled to a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) design. One of the central issues related to sensor miniaturization is optimization of the photoacoustic cell geometry, especially in relationship to high acoustical amplification and reduced system noise. Previous work relied on a multiphysics approach to analyze the resonance structures of the MEMS scale photo acoustic cell. This technique was unable to provide an accurate model of the acoustic structure. In this paper we describe a method that relies on techniques developed from musical instrument theory and electronic transmission line matrix methods to describe cylindrical acoustic resonant cells with side branches of various configurations. Experimental results are presented that demonstrate the ease and accuracy of this method. All experimental results were within 2% of those predicted by this theory.

Single-copy gene detection using branched DNA (bDNA) in situ hybridization.

PubMed

Player, A N; Shen, L P; Kenny, D; Antao, V P; Kolberg, J A

2001-05-01

We have developed a branched DNA in situ hybridization (bDNA ISH) method for detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in whole cells. Using human cervical cancer cell lines with known copies of HPV DNA, we show that the bDNA ISH method is highly sensitive, detecting as few as one or two copies of HPV DNA per cell. By modifying sample pretreatment, viral mRNA or DNA sequences can be detected using the same set of oligonucleotide probes. In experiments performed on mixed populations of cells, the bDNA ISH method is highly specific and can distinguish cells with HPV-16 from cells with HPV-18 DNA. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bDNA ISH method provides precise localization, yielding positive signals retained within the subcellular compartments in which the target nucleic acid sequences are localized. As an effective and convenient means for nucleic acid detection, the bDNA ISH method is applicable to the detection of cancers and infectious agents. (J Histochem Cytochem 49:603-611, 2001)

The ultraviolet-bright stars of Omega Centauri, M3, and M13

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Landsman, Wayne B.; O'Connell, Robert W.; Whitney, Jonathan H.; Bohlin, Ralph C.; Hill, Robert S.; Maran, Stephen P.; Parise, Ronald A.; Roberts, Morton S.; Smith, Andrew A.; Stecher, Theodore P.

1992-01-01

Two new UV-bright stars detected within 2 arcmin of the center of Omega Cen are spectroscopically investigated with the short-wavelength spectrograph of the IUE. The IUE spectra of the UV-bright stars UIT-1 and UIT-2 in the core of Omega Cen superficially resemble those of Population I mid-B stars. The absorption lines of the core UV-bright stars are significantly weaker than in Population I stars, consistent with their membership in the cluster. Synthetic spectra calculated from low-metallicity Kurucz model stellar atmospheres are compared with the spectra. These objects are insufficiently luminous to be classical hydrogen-burning post-AGB stars. They may be evolved hot horizontal branch stars which have been brightened by more than 3 mag since leaving the zero-age horizontal branch. It is inferred from the spectra and luminosity of the core UV-bright stars that similar objects could provide the source of the UV light in elliptical galaxies.

A new Species of Hemibrycon (Characiformes, Characidae, Stevardiinae) from the upper Magdalena River basin in Colombia.

PubMed

García-Melo, J E; Albornoz-Garzón, J G; García-Melo, L J; Villa-Navarro, F A; Maldonado-Ocampo, J A

2018-04-16

Hemibrycon iqueima sp. nov., is described from small streams in the Magdalena drainage at the foothills of the western slope of the Eastern Cordillera of the Colombian Andes, Suarez municipality, Tolima Department, Colombia. The new species is distinguished from its congeners in the Magdalena-Cauca River basin by a combination of characters related to snout-anal-fin origin length, head length, dorsal-pectoral fin distance, dorsal-fin-hypural distance, postorbital distance, orbital diameter, snout length, number of total vertebrae, pre-dorsal scales, scale rows between anal-fin origin and lateral line, number of branched rays of the anal fin, maxillary teeth number and number and arrangement of hooks on the branched rays of the pectoral and dorsal fins. In addition, the validity of this species is supported by previous molecular analyses that included specimens of the new species that had been erroneously identified. Phylogenetic relationships between the new species and congeners from Pacific coast basins are discussed. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

A Reliability Comparison of Classical and Stochastic Thickness Margin Approaches to Address Material Property Uncertainties for the Orion Heat Shield

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Sepka, Steven A.; McGuire, Mary Kathleen; Vander Kam, Jeremy C.

2018-01-01

The Orion Thermal Protection System (TPS) margin process uses a root-sum-square approach with branches addressing trajectory, aerothermodynamics, and material response uncertainties in ablator thickness design. The material response branch applies a bondline temperature reduction between the Avcoat ablator and EA9394 adhesive by 60 C (108 F) from its peak allowed value of 260 C (500 F). This process is known as the Bond Line Temperature Material Margin (BTMM) and is intended to cover material property and performance uncertainties. The value of 60 C (108 F) is a constant, applied at any spacecraft body location and for any trajectory. By varying only material properties in a random (monte carlo) manner, the perl-based script mcCHAR is used to investigate the confidence interval provided by the BTMM. In particular, this study will look at various locations on the Orion heat shield forebody for a guided and an abort (ballistic) trajectory.

Reengineering legacy software to object-oriented systems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Pitman, C.; Braley, D.; Fridge, E.; Plumb, A.; Izygon, M.; Mears, B.

1994-01-01

NASA has a legacy of complex software systems that are becoming increasingly expensive to maintain. Reengineering is one approach to modemizing these systems. Object-oriented technology, other modem software engineering principles, and automated tools can be used to reengineer the systems and will help to keep maintenance costs of the modemized systems down. The Software Technology Branch at the NASA/Johnson Space Center has been developing and testing reengineering methods and tools for several years. The Software Technology Branch is currently providing training and consulting support to several large reengineering projects at JSC, including the Reusable Objects Software Environment (ROSE) project, which is reengineering the flight analysis and design system (over 2 million lines of FORTRAN code) into object-oriented C++. Many important lessons have been learned during the past years; one of these is that the design must never be allowed to diverge from the code during maintenance and enhancement. Future work on open, integrated environments to support reengineering is being actively planned.

Hot horizontal branch stars: Predictions for mass loss. Winds, rotation, and the low gravity problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vink, Jorick S.; Cassisi, Santi

2002-09-01

We predict mass-loss rates for the late evolutionary phases of low-mass stars, with special emphasis on the consequences for the morphology of the Horizontal Branch (HB). We show that the computed rates, as predicted by the most plausible mechanism of radiation pressure on spectral lines, are too low to produce EHB/sdB stars. This invalidates the scenario recently outlined by Yong et al. (2000) to create these objects by mass loss on the HB. We argue, however, that mass loss plays a role in the distribution of rotational velocities of hot HB stars, and may - together with the enhancement of heavy element abundances due to radiative levitation - provide an explanation for the so-called ``low gravity'' problem. The mass loss recipe derived for hot HB (and extreme HB, sdB, sdOB) stars may also be applied to post-HB (AGB-manqué, UV-bright) stars over a range in effective temperatures between 12 500-40 000 K.

Hard X-ray Full Field Nano-imaging of Bone and Nanowires at SSRL

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrews, Joy C.; Pianetta, Piero; Meirer, Florian; Chen, Jie; Almeida, Eduardo; van der Meulen, Marjolein C. H.; Alwood, Joshua S.; Lee, Cathy; Zhu, Jia; Cui, Yi

2010-06-01

A hard X-ray full field microscope from Xradia Inc. has been installed at SSRL on a 54-pole wiggler end station at beam line 6-2. It has been optimized to operate from 5-14 keV with resolution as high as 30 nm. High quality images are achieved using a vertical beam stabilizer and condenser scanner with high efficiency zone plates with 30 nm outermost zone width. The microscope has been used in Zernike phase contrast, available at 5.4 keV and 8 keV, as well as absorption contrast to image a variety of biological, environmental and materials samples. Calibration of the X-ray attenuation with crystalline apatite enabled quantification of bone density of plate-like and rod-like regions of mouse bone trabecula. 3D tomography of individual lacuna revealed the surrounding cell canaliculi and processes. 3D tomography of chiral branched PbSe nanowires showed orthogonal branches around a central nanowire.

Hard X-ray Full Field Nano-imaging of Bone and Nanowires at SSRL.

PubMed

Andrews, Joy C; Pianetta, Piero; Meirer, Florian; Chen, Jie; Almeida, Eduardo; van der Meulen, Marjolein C H; Alwood, Joshua S; Lee, Cathy; Zhu, Jia; Cui, Yi

2010-06-23

A hard X-ray full field microscope from Xradia Inc. has been installed at SSRL on a 54-pole wiggler end station at beam line 6-2. It has been optimized to operate from 5-14 keV with resolution as high as 30 nm. High quality images are achieved using a vertical beam stabilizer and condenser scanner with high efficiency zone plates with 30 nm outermost zone width. The microscope has been used in Zernike phase contrast, available at 5.4 keV and 8 keV, as well as absorption contrast to image a variety of biological, environmental and materials samples. Calibration of the X-ray attenuation with crystalline apatite enabled quantification of bone density of plate-like and rod-like regions of mouse bone trabecula. 3D tomography of individual lacuna revealed the surrounding cell canaliculi and processes. 3D tomography of chiral branched PbSe nanowires showed orthogonal branches around a central nanowire.

Self-Broadening and Self-Shift Coefficients in the Fundamental Band of 12C 16O

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Devi, Malathy V.; Benner, D. Chris; Smith, Mary Ann H.; Rinsland, Curtis P.

1998-01-01

High quality and precise measurements of self-broadened and self-shift coefficients in the fundamental band of C-12O-16 were made using spectra recorded at room temperature with the high-resolution (0.0027 cm(exp -1)) McMath-Pierce Fourier transform spectrometer located at the National Solar Observatory on Kitt Peak, Arizona. The spectral region under investigation (2008-2247 cm(exp -1)) contains the P(31) to R(31) transitions. The data were obtained using a high-purity natural isotopic sample ofcarbon monoxide and two absorption cells with pathlengths of 4.08 and 9.98 cm, respectively. Various pressures of CO were used, ranging between 0.25 and 201.2 Torr. The results were obtained by analyzing five spectra simultaneously, using a multispectrum nonlinear least-squares fitting technique. The self-broadened coefficients ranged from 0.0426(2) cm(exp -1) atm(exp -1) at 296 K to 0.0924(2) cm(exp -1) atm(exp -1) at 296 K, while the pressure-induced shift coefficients varied between -0.0042(3) cm(exp -1) atm(exp -1) at 296 K and +0.0005(l) cm(exp -1) atm(exp -1) at 296 K. The value in parentheses is the estimated uncertainty in units of the last digit. The self-broadened coefficients of lines with same values of m in the P and R branches agree close to within experimental uncertainties while the self-shift coefficients showed considerable variation within and between the two branches. The mean value of the ratios of P branch to R branch self-broadened coefficients was found to be 1.01 with a standard deviation of + or - 0.01. Comparisons of the results with other published data were made.

Starch Granule Re-Structuring by Starch Branching Enzyme and Glucan Water Dikinase Modulation Affects Caryopsis Physiology and Metabolism

PubMed Central

Shaik, Shahnoor S.; Obata, Toshihiro; Hebelstrup, Kim H.; Schwahn, Kevin; Fernie, Alisdair R.; Mateiu, Ramona V.; Blennow, Andreas

2016-01-01

Starch is of fundamental importance for plant development and reproduction and its optimized molecular assembly is potentially necessary for correct starch metabolism. Re-structuring of starch granules in-planta can therefore potentially affect plant metabolism. Modulation of granule micro-structure was achieved by decreasing starch branching and increasing starch-bound phosphate content in the barley caryopsis starch by RNAi suppression of all three Starch Branching Enzyme (SBE) isoforms or overexpression of potato Glucan Water Dikinase (GWD). The resulting lines displayed Amylose-Only (AO) and Hyper-Phosphorylated (HP) starch chemotypes, respectively. We studied the influence of these alterations on primary metabolism, grain composition, starch structural features and starch granule morphology over caryopsis development at 10, 20 and 30 days after pollination (DAP) and at grain maturity. While HP showed relatively little effect, AO showed significant reduction in starch accumulation with re-direction to protein and β-glucan (BG) accumulation. Metabolite profiling indicated significantly higher sugar accumulation in AO, with re-partitioning of carbon to accumulate amino acids, and interestingly it also had high levels of some important stress-related metabolites and potentially protective metabolites, possibly to elude deleterious effects. Investigations on starch molecular structure revealed significant increase in starch phosphate and amylose content in HP and AO respectively with obvious differences in starch granule morphology at maturity. The results demonstrate that decreasing the storage starch branching resulted in metabolic adjustments and re-directions, tuning to evade deleterious effects on caryopsis physiology and plant performance while only little effect was evident by increasing starch-bound phosphate as a result of overexpressing GWD. PMID:26891365

MicroRNA-200c-141 and ∆Np63 are required for breast epithelial differentiation and branching morphogenesis.

PubMed

Hilmarsdóttir, Bylgja; Briem, Eirikur; Sigurdsson, Valgardur; Franzdóttir, Sigrídur Rut; Ringnér, Markus; Arason, Ari Jon; Bergthorsson, Jon Thor; Magnusson, Magnus Karl; Gudjonsson, Thorarinn

2015-07-15

The epithelial compartment of the breast contains two lineages, the luminal- and the myoepithelial cells. D492 is a breast epithelial cell line with stem cell properties that forms branching epithelial structures in 3D culture with both luminal- and myoepithelial differentiation. We have recently shown that D492 undergo epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) when co-cultured with endothelial cells. This 3D co-culture model allows critical analysis of breast epithelial lineage development and EMT. In this study, we compared the microRNA (miR) expression profiles for D492 and its mesenchymal-derivative D492M. Suppression of the miR-200 family in D492M was among the most profound changes observed. Exogenous expression of miR-200c-141 in D492M reversed the EMT phenotype resulting in gain of luminal but not myoepithelial differentiation. In contrast, forced expression of ∆Np63 in D492M restored the myoepithelial phenotype only. Co-expression of miR-200c-141 and ∆Np63 in D492M restored the branching morphogenesis in 3D culture underlining the requirement for both luminal and myoepithelial elements for obtaining full branching morphogenesis in breast epithelium. Introduction of a miR-200c-141 construct in both D492 and D492M resulted in resistance to endothelial induced EMT. In conclusion, our data suggests that expression of miR-200c-141 and ∆Np63 in D492M can reverse EMT resulting in luminal- and myoepithelial differentiation, respectively, demonstrating the importance of these molecules in epithelial integrity in the human breast. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

AtLAZY1 is a signaling component required for gravitropism of the Arabidopsis thaliana inflorescence.

PubMed

Yoshihara, Takeshi; Spalding, Edgar P; Iino, Moritoshi

2013-04-01

The present study identified a family of six A. thaliana genes that share five limited regions of sequence similarity with LAZY1, a gene in Oryza sativa (rice) shown to participate in the early gravity signaling for shoot gravitropism. A T-DNA insertion into the Arabidopsis gene (At5g14090) most similar to LAZY1 increased the inflorescence branch angle to 81° from the wild type value of 42°. RNA interference lines and molecular rescue experiments confirmed the linkage between the branch-angle phenotype and the gene consequently named AtLAZY1. Time-resolved gravitropism measurements of atlazy1 hypocotyls and primary inflorescence stems showed a significantly reduced bending rate during the first hour of response. The subcellular localization of AtLAZY1 protein was investigated to determine if the nuclear localization predicted from the gene sequence was observable and important to its function in shoot gravity responses. AtLAZY1 fused to green fluorescent protein largely rescued the branch-angle phenotype of atlazy1, and was observed by confocal microscopy at the cell periphery and within the nucleus. Mutation of the nuclear localization signal prevented detectable levels of AtLAZY1 in the nucleus without affecting the ability of the gene to rescue the atlazy1 branch-angle phenotype. These results indicate that AtLAZY1 functions in gravity signaling during shoot gravitropism, being a functional ortholog of rice LAZY1. The nuclear pool of the protein appears to be unnecessary for this function, which instead relies on a pool that appears to reside at the cell periphery. © 2013 The Authors The Plant Journal © 2013 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.

Inhibition of N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V enhances the cetuximab-induced radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells likely through EGFR N-glycan alterations.

PubMed

Huang, Xiaomin; Liu, Ting; Wang, Qiongyao; Zhu, Weiliang; Meng, Hui; Guo, Linlang; Wei, Ting; Zhang, Jian

2017-05-23

N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase V (GnT-V), an enzyme that catalyses the formation of the N-linked β-1-6 branching of oligosaccharides, is related to the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Cetuximab (C225) is an epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor used as a radiosensitizer in the treatment of NPC. In this study, we used GnT-V as a molecular target to further sensitize cetuximab-treated NPC cells to radiation. The results from two NPC cell lines (CNE1 and CNE2) revealed that the silencing of GnT-V enhanced cetuximab-induced radiosensitivity by decreasing the β-1-6 branching of oligosaccharides on the EGFR. GnT-V down-regulation combined with cetuximab decreased the survival fraction, healing rate and cell viability and increased the apoptosis rate. Concomitantly, the combination of cetuximab and irradiation did not change the EGFR mRNA and protein levels and decreased the β-1-6 branching on the EGFR. Subsequently, we further explored the signalling downstream of EGF, particularly the PI3K/Akt signalling pathway, and discovered that treatment consisting of GnT-V down-regulation, irradiation and cetuximab was negatively correlated with phospho-Akt and phspho-PI3K. Finally, an in vivo experiment with radiotherapy revealed that the combination of GnT-V down-regulation and cetuximab decelerated tumour growth. In summary, our study demonstrated that the combination of decreased GnT-V activity and cetuximab enhanced NPC radiosensitivity, and the possible mechanism underlying this effect might involve the N-linked β1-6 branching of the EGFR. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Molecular variants of human papillomavirus type 16 from four continents suggest ancient pandemic spread of the virus and its coevolution with humankind.

PubMed

Chan, S Y; Ho, L; Ong, C K; Chow, V; Drescher, B; Dürst, M; ter Meulen, J; Villa, L; Luande, J; Mgaya, H N

1992-04-01

We have amplified by the polymerase chain reaction, cloned, and sequenced genomic segments of 118 human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16) isolates from 76 cervical biopsy, 14 cervical smear, 3 vulval biopsy, 2 penile biopsy, 2 anal biopsy, and 1 vaginal biopsy sample and two cell lines. The specimens were taken from patients in four countries--Singapore, Brazil, Tanzania, and Germany. The sequence of a 364-bp fragment of the long control region of the virus revealed 38 variants, most of which differed by one or several point mutations. Phylogenetic trees were constructed by distance matrix methods and a transformation series approach. The trees based on the long control region were supported by another set based on the complete E5 protein-coding region. Both sets had two main branches. Nearly all of the variants from Tanzania were assigned to one (African) branch, and all of the German and most of the Singaporean variants were assigned to the other (Eurasian) branch. While some German and Singaporean variants were identical, each group also contained variants that formed unique branches. In contrast to the group-internal homogeneity of the Singaporean, German, and Tanzanian variants, the Brazilian variants were clearly divided between the two branches. Exceptions to this were the seven Singaporean isolates with mutational patterns typical of the Tanzanian isolates. The data suggest that HPV-16 evolved separately for a long period in Africa and Eurasia. Representatives of both branches may have been transferred to Brazil via past colonial immigration. The comparable efficiencies of transfer of the African and the Eurasian variants to the New World suggest pandemic spread of HPV-16 in past centuries. Representatives of the African branch were possibly transferred to the Far East along old Arab and Indonesian sailing routes. Our data also support the view that HPV-16 is a well-defined virus type, since the variants show only a maximal genomic divergence of about 5%. The small amount of divergence in any one geographic location and the lack of marked divergence between the Tanzanian and Brazilian African genome variants two centuries after their likely introduction into the New World suggest a very slow rate of viral evolution. The phylogenetic tree therefore probably represents a minimum of several centuries of evolution, if not an age equal to that of the respective human races.

Ectopic Expression of GsSRK in Medicago sativa Reveals Its Involvement in Plant Architecture and Salt Stress Responses.

PubMed

Sun, Mingzhe; Qian, Xue; Chen, Chao; Cheng, Shufei; Jia, Bowei; Zhu, Yanming; Sun, Xiaoli

2018-01-01

Receptor-like kinases (RLK) play fundamental roles in plant growth and stress responses. Compared with other RLKs, little information is provided concerning the S-locus LecRLK subfamily, which is characterized by an extracellular G-type lectin domain and an S-locus-glycop domain. Until now, the function of the G-type lectin domain is still unknown. In a previous research, we identified a Glycine soja S-locus LecRLK gene GsSRK , which conferred increased salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis . In this study, to investigate the role of the G-type lectin domain and to breed transgenic alfalfa with superior salt stress tolerance, we transformed the full-length GsSRK ( GsSRK-f ) and a truncated version of GsSRK ( GsSRK-t ) deleting the G-type lectin domain into alfalfa. Our results showed that overexpression of GsSRK-t , but not GsSRK-f , resulted in changes of plant architecture, as evidenced by more branches but shorter shoots of GsSRK-t transgenic alfalfa, indicating a potential role of the extracellular G-type lectin domain in regulating plant architecture. Furthermore, we also found that transgenic alfalfa overexpressing either GsSRK-f or GsSRK-t showed increased salt stress tolerance, and GsSRK-t transgenic alfalfa displayed better growth (more branches and higher fresh weight) than GsSRK-f lines under salt stress. In addition, our results suggested that both GsSRK-f and GsSRK-t were involved in ion homeostasis, ROS scavenging, and osmotic regulation. Under salt stress, the Na + content in the transgenic lines was significantly lower, while the K + content was slightly higher than that in WT. Moreover, the transgenic lines displayed reduced ion leakage and MDA content, but increased SOD activity and proline content than WT. Notably, no obvious difference in these physiological indices was observed between GsSRK-f and GsSRK-t transgenic lines, implying that deletion of the GsSRK G-type lectin domain does not affect its physiological function in salt stress responses. In conclusion, results in this research reveal the dual role of GsSRK in regulating both plant architecture and salt stress responses.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Barreira, Alexandre; Bose, Sownak; Li, Baojiu

We study the imprints that theories of gravity beyond GR can leave on the lensing signal around line of sight directions that are predominantly halo-underdense (called troughs) and halo-overdense. To carry out our investigations, we consider the normal branch of DGP gravity, as well as a phenomenological variant thereof that directly modifies the lensing potential. The predictions of these models are obtained with N-body simulation and ray-tracing methods using the ECOSMOG and Ray-Ramses codes. We analyse the stacked lensing convergence profiles around the underdense and overdense lines of sight, which exhibit, respectively, a suppression and a boost w.r.t. the meanmore » in the field of view. The modifications to gravity in these models strengthen the signal w.r.t. ΛCDM in a scale-independent way. We find that the size of this effect is the same for both underdense and overdense lines of sight, which implies that the density field along the overdense directions on the sky is not sufficiently evolved to trigger the suppression effects of the screening mechanism. These results are robust to variations in the minimum halo mass and redshift ranges used to identify the lines of sight, as well as to different line of sight aperture sizes and criteria for their underdensity and overdensity thresholds.« less

CHROMOSPHERIC MODELS AND THE OXYGEN ABUNDANCE IN GIANT STARS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dupree, A. K.; Avrett, E. H.; Kurucz, R. L., E-mail: dupree@cfa.harvard.edu

Realistic stellar atmospheric models of two typical metal-poor giant stars in Omega Centauri, which include a chromosphere (CHR), influence the formation of optical lines of O i: the forbidden lines (λ6300, λ6363) and the infrared triplet (λλ7771−7775). One-dimensional semi-empirical non-local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) models are constructed based on observed Balmer lines. A full non-LTE formulation is applied for evaluating the line strengths of O i, including photoionization by the Lyman continuum and photoexcitation by Lyα and Lyβ. Chromospheric models (CHR) yield forbidden oxygen transitions that are stronger than those in radiative/convective equilibrium (RCE) models. The triplet oxygen lines from highmore » levels also appear stronger than those produced in an RCE model. The inferred oxygen abundance from realistic CHR models for these two stars is decreased by factors of ∼3 as compared to values derived from RCE models. A lower oxygen abundance suggests that intermediate-mass AGB stars contribute to the observed abundance pattern in globular clusters. A change in the oxygen abundance of metal-poor field giants could affect models of deep mixing episodes on the red giant branch. Changes in the oxygen abundance can impact other abundance determinations that are critical to astrophysics, including chemical tagging techniques and galactic chemical evolution.« less

absorption sensor for sensitive temperature and species measurements in high-temperature gases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spearrin, R. M.; Ren, W.; Jeffries, J. B.; Hanson, R. K.

2014-09-01

A continuous-wave laser absorption diagnostic, based on the infrared CO2 bands near 4.2 and 2.7 μm, was developed for sensitive temperature and concentration measurements in high-temperature gas systems using fixed-wavelength methods. Transitions in the respective R-branches of both the fundamental υ 3 band (~2,350 cm-1) and combination υ 1 + υ 3 band (~3,610 cm-1) were chosen based on absorption line-strength, spectral isolation, and temperature sensitivity. The R(76) line near 2,390.52 cm-1 was selected for sensitive CO2 concentration measurements, and a detection limit of <5 ppm was achieved in shock tube kinetics experiments (~1,300 K). A cross-band, two-line thermometry technique was also established utilizing the R(96) line near 2,395.14 cm-1, paired with the R(28) line near 3,633.08 cm-1. This combination yields high temperature sensitivity (ΔE" = 3,305 cm-1) and expanded range compared with previous intra-band CO2 sensors. Thermometry performance was validated in a shock tube over a range of temperatures (600-1,800 K) important for combustion. Measured temperature accuracy was demonstrated to be better than 1 % over the entire range of conditions, with a standard error of ~0.5 % and µs temporal resolution.

Ka-Band Waveguide Three-Way Serial Combiner for MMIC Amplifiers

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wintucky, Edwin G.; Freeman, Jon C.; Chevalier, Christine T.

2012-01-01

In this innovation, the three-way combiner consists internally of two branch-line hybrids that are connected in series by a short length of waveguide. Each branch-line hybrid is designed to combine input signals that are in phase with an amplitude ratio of two. The combiner is constructed in an E-plane split-block arrangement and is precision machined from blocks of aluminum with standard WR-28 waveguide ports. The port impedances of the combiner are matched to that of a standard WR-28 waveguide. The component parts include the power combiner and the MMIC (monolithic microwave integrated circuit) power amplifiers (PAs). The three-way series power combiner is a six-port device. For basic operation, power that enters ports 3, 5, and 6 is combined in phase and appears at port 1. Ports 2 and 4 are isolated ports. The application of the three-way combiner for combining three PAs with unequal output powers was demonstrated. NASA requires narrow-band solid-state power amplifiers (SSPAs) at Ka-band frequencies with output power in the range of 3 to 5 W for radio or gravity science experiments. In addition, NASA also requires wideband, high-efficiency SSPAs at Ka-band frequencies with output power in the range of 5 to 15 W for high-data-rate communications from deep space to Earth. The three-way power combiner is designed to operate over the frequency band of 31.8 to 32.3 GHz, which is NASA s deep-space frequency band.

Deficiency of maize starch-branching enzyme i results in altered starch fine structure, decreased digestibility and reduced coleoptile growth during germination

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Background Two distinct starch branching enzyme (SBE) isoforms predate the divergence of monocots and dicots and have been conserved in plants since then. This strongly suggests that both SBEI and SBEII provide unique selective advantages to plants. However, no phenotype for the SBEI mutation, sbe1a, had been previously observed. To explore this incongruity the objective of the present work was to characterize functional and molecular phenotypes of both sbe1a and wild-type (Wt) in the W64A maize inbred line. Results Endosperm starch granules from the sbe1a mutant were more resistant to digestion by pancreatic α-amylase, and the sbe1a mutant starch had an altered branching pattern for amylopectin and amylose. When kernels were germinated, the sbe1a mutant was associated with shorter coleoptile length and higher residual starch content, suggesting that less efficient starch utilization may have impaired growth during germination. Conclusions The present report documents for the first time a molecular phenotype due to the absence of SBEI, and suggests strongly that it is associated with altered physiological function of the starch in vivo. We believe that these results provide a plausible rationale for the conservation of SBEI in plants in both monocots and dicots, as greater seedling vigor would provide an important survival advantage when resources are limited. PMID:21599988

Seasonal fish community variation in headwater mangrove creeks in the southwestern everglades: An examination of their role as dry-down refuges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rehage, Jennifer S.; Loftus, W.F.

2007-01-01

The connectivity between the fish community of estuarine mangroves and that of freshwater habitats upstream remains poorly understood. In the Florida Everglades, mangrove-lined creeks link freshwater marshes to estuarine habitats downstream and may act as dry-season refuges for freshwater fishes. We examined seasonal dynamics in the fish community of ecotonal creeks in the southwestern region of Everglades National Park, specifically Rookery Branch and the North and Watson rivers. Twelve low-order creeks were sampled via electrofishing, gill nets, and minnow traps during the wet season, transition period, and dry season in 2004-2005. Catches were greater in Rookery Branch than in the North and Watson rivers, particularly during the transition period. Community composition varied seasonally in Rookery Branch, and to a greater extent for the larger species, reflecting a pulse of freshwater taxa into creeks as marshes upstream dried periodically. The pulse was short-lived, a later sample showed substantial decreases in freshwater fish numbers. No evidence of a similar influx was seen in the North and Watson rivers, which drain shorter hydroperiod marshes and exhibit higher salinities. These results suggest that head-water creeks can serve as important dry-season refugia. Increased freshwater flow resulting from Everglades restoration may enhance this connectivity. ?? 2007 Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science of the University of Miami.

The role of the potato (Solanum tuberosum) CCD8 gene in stolon and tuber development.

PubMed

Pasare, Stefania A; Ducreux, Laurence J M; Morris, Wayne L; Campbell, Raymond; Sharma, Sanjeev K; Roumeliotis, Efstathios; Kohlen, Wouter; van der Krol, Sander; Bramley, Peter M; Roberts, Alison G; Fraser, Paul D; Taylor, Mark A

2013-06-01

· Strigolactones (SLs) are a class of phytohormones controlling shoot branching. In potato (Solanum tuberosum), tubers develop from underground stolons, diageotropic stems which originate from basal stem nodes. As the degree of stolon branching influences the number and size distribution of tubers, it was considered timely to investigate the effects of SL production on potato development and tuber life cycle. · Transgenic potato plants were generated in which the CAROTENOID CLEAVAGE DIOXYGENASE8 (CCD8) gene, key in the SL biosynthetic pathway, was silenced by RNA interference (RNAi). · The resulting CCD8-RNAi potato plants showed significantly more lateral and main branches than control plants, reduced stolon formation, together with a dwarfing phenotype and a lack of flowering in the most severely affected lines. New tubers were formed from sessile buds of the mother tubers. The apical buds of newly formed transgenic tubers grew out as shoots when exposed to light. In addition, we found that CCD8 transcript levels were rapidly downregulated in tuber buds by the application of sprout-inducing treatments. · These results suggest that SLs could have an effect, solely or in combination with other phytohormones, in the morphology of potato plants and also in controlling stolon development and maintaining tuber dormancy. © 2013 The Authors. New Phytologist © 2013 New Phytologist Trust.

[Motor nerves of the face. Surgical and radiologic anatomy of facial paralysis and their surgical repair].

PubMed

Vacher, C; Cyna-Gorse, F

2015-10-01

Motor innervation of the face depends on the facial nerve for the mobility of the face, on the mandibular nerve, third branch of the trigeminal nerve, which gives the motor innervation of the masticator muscles, and the hypoglossal nerve for the tongue. In case of facial paralysis, the most common palliative surgical techniques are the lengthening temporalis myoplasty (the temporal is innervated by the mandibular nerve) and the hypoglossal-facial anastomosis. The aim of this work is to describe the surgical anatomy of these three nerves and the radiologic anatomy of the facial nerve inside the temporal bone. Then the facial nerve penetrates inside the parotid gland giving a plexus. Four branches of the facial nerve leave the parotid gland: they are called temporal, zygomatic, buccal and marginal which give innervation to the cutaneous muscles of the face. Mandibular nerve gives three branches to the temporal muscles: the anterior, intermediate and posterior deep temporal nerves which penetrate inside the deep aspect of the temporal muscle in front of the infratemporal line. The hypoglossal nerve is only the motor nerve to the tongue. The ansa cervicalis, which is coming from the superficial cervical plexus and joins the hypoglossal nerve in the submandibular area is giving the motor innervation to subhyoid muscles and to the geniohyoid muscle. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

Pulsed hybrid dual wavelength Y-branch-DFB laser-tapered amplifier system suitable for water vapor detection at 965 nm with 16 W peak power

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vu, Thi N.; Klehr, Andreas; Sumpf, Bernd; Hoffmann, Thomas; Liero, Armin; Tränkle, Günther

2016-03-01

A master oscillator power amplifier system emitting alternatingly at two neighbored wavelengths around 965 nm is presented. As master oscillator (MO) a Y-branch DFB-laser is used. The two branches, which can be individually controlled, deliver the two wavelengths needed for a differential absorption measurement of water vapor. Adjusting the current through the DFB sections, the wavelength can be adjusted with respect to the targeted either "on" or "off" resonance, respectively wavelength λon or wavelength λoff. The emission of this laser is amplified in a tapered amplifier (TA). The ridge waveguide section of the TA acts as optical gate to generate short pulses with duration of 8 ns at a repetition rate of 25 kHz, the flared section is used for further amplification to reach peak powers up to 16 W suitable for micro-LIDAR (Light Detection and Ranging). The necessary pulse current supply user a GaN-transistor based driver electronics placed close to the power amplifier (PA). The spectral properties of the emission of the MO are preserved by the PA. A spectral line width smaller than 10 pm and a side mode suppression ratio (SMSR) of 37 dB are measured. These values meet the demands for water vapor absorption measurements under atmospheric conditions.

Dual-Channel Endoscopic Indocyanine Green Fluorescence Angiography for Clipping of Cerebral Aneurysms.

PubMed

Cho, Won-Sang; Kim, Jeong Eun; Kang, Hyun-Seung; Ha, Eun Jin; Jung, Minwoong; Lee, Choonghee; Shin, Il Hyung; Kang, Uk

2017-04-01

Neuroendoscopy is useful for assessing status of perforators, parent arteries, and aneurysms beyond the straight line of microscopic view during aneurysm clipping. We aimed to evaluate the clinical usefulness of our endoscopic indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) system, which can simultaneously display visible light and indocyanine green fluorescent images. Surgical clipping of 16 unruptured aneurysms in 10 patients was performed via the keyhole approach. Using our endoscopic ICGA and commercial microscopic ICGA systems, we prospectively compared 10 targeted cerebral aneurysms at the posterior communicating (n = 4) and anterior choroidal (n = 6) arteries. Microscopic ICGA and endoscopic ICGA were feasible during surgery. Microscopic ICGA displayed 50% of branch orifices, 100% of branch trunks, and 20% of exact clip positions, whereas endoscopic ICGA showed 100% of these. Based on endoscopic ICGA findings such as incomplete clipping and compromise of parent arteries or branches, clips were repositioned in 2 cases, and additional clips were applied in 2 cases. Complete occlusion and residual neck states were achieved in 6 and 4 aneurysms after surgery. There were no neurologic deficits within 3 months after surgery except for frontalis palsy and anosmia in each patient. The endoscopic ICGA system with dual imaging of visible light and indocyanine green fluorescence was very useful for assessing geometry of aneurysms and surrounding vessels before clipping and for evaluating completeness of clip position after clipping. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Rational design of anatase TiO2 architecture with hierarchical nanotubes and hollow microspheres for high-performance dye-sensitized solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gu, Jiuwang; Khan, Javid; Chai, Zhisheng; Yuan, Yufei; Yu, Xiang; Liu, Pengyi; Wu, Mingmei; Mai, Wenjie

2016-01-01

Large surface area, sufficient light-harvesting and superior electron transport property are the major factors for an ideal photoanode of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs), which requires rational design of the nanoarchitectures and smart integration of state-of-the-art technologies. In this work, a 3D anatase TiO2 architecture consisting of vertically aligned 1D hierarchical TiO2 nanotubes (NTs) with ultra-dense branches (HTNTs, bottom layer) and 0D hollow TiO2 microspheres with rough surface (HTS, top layer) is first successfully constructed on transparent conductive fluorine-doped tin oxide glass through a series of facile processes. When used as photoanodes, the DSSCs achieve a very large short-current density of 19.46 mA cm-2 and a high overall power conversion efficiency of 8.38%. The remarkable photovoltaic performance is predominantly ascribed to the enhanced charge transport capacity of the NTs (function as the electron highway), the large surface area of the branches (act as the electron branch lines), the pronounced light harvesting efficiency of the HTS (serve as the light scattering centers), and the engineered intimate interfaces between all of them (minimize the recombination effect). Our work demonstrates a possibility of fabricating superior photoanodes for high-performance DSSCs by rational design of nanoarchitectures and smart integration of multi-functional components.

CNGA3 mutations in two United Arab Emirates families with achromatopsia.

PubMed

Ahuja, Yachna; Kohl, Susanne; Traboulsi, Elias I

2008-07-10

ACHROMATOPSIA RESULTS FROM MUTATIONS IN ONE OF THREE GENES: cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, alpha-3 (CNGA3); cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, beta-3 (CNGB3); and guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-transducing activity polypeptide 2 (GNAT2). We report the responsible mutations in two United Arab Emirates families who have this autosomal recessive disease. Clinical examinations were performed in seven patients from three nuclear families. Molecular genetic testing for common CNGA3 and CNGB3 mutations was undertaken using standard protocols. All patients were extremely light sensitive and had reduced visual acuity and no color perception. Fundus examinations did not show any visible abnormalities. After further pedigree analysis, two of the families were found to be linked through the paternal line. Two mutations in CNGA3 were identified: Arg283Trp and Gly397Val. Family A, the larger pedigree, had one branch in which two sisters and one brother were homozygous for the Gly397Val mutation and another branch in which a brother and sister were compound heterozygous for both aforenamed mutations. Family B, however, only had two brothers who were homozygous for the Arg283Trp mutation. Achromatopsia in these two United Arab Emirates families results from two different mutations in CNGA3. Two branches of the same pedigree had individuals with both homozygous and compound heterozygous disease, demonstrating a complex molecular pathology in this large family.

Rod-shaped cavitation bubble structure in ultrasonic field.

PubMed

Bai, Lixin; Wu, Pengfei; Liu, Huiyu; Yan, Jiuchun; Su, Chang; Li, Chao

2018-06-01

Rod-shaped cavitation bubble structure in thin liquid layers in ultrasonic field is investigated experimentally. It is found that cavitation structure successively experiences several stages with the change of the thickness of the thin liquid layer. Rod-shaped structure is a stable structure of the boundary between the cavitation cloud region and the non-cavitation liquid region, which can be formed in two different ways. Cavitation bubbles in a thin liquid layer have a distribution in the thickness direction. The rod-shaped structures tend to crosslink with each other to form stable Y-branch structures. The angle of the Y-branch structure is Gauss distribution with mathematical expectation μ = 119.93. A special rod-shaped cavitation structure with source is also investigated in detail. Due to the pressure gradient in the normal direction, the primary Bjerknes force causes the bubbles in the rod-shaped structure on both sides to converge to the axis. The secondary Bjerknes forces between the bubbles also make the cluster converge, so the large bubbles which are attached to the radiating surface tend to align themselves along the central line. According to the formula deduced in this paper, the variation of curvature of curved rod-shaped structure is qualitatively analyzed. The Y-branch structure of cavitation cloud and Plateau boundary of soap bubbles are compared. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Ott1 (Rbm15) is essential for placental vascular branching morphogenesis and embryonic development of the heart and spleen.

PubMed

Raffel, Glen D; Chu, Gerald C; Jesneck, Jonathan L; Cullen, Dana E; Bronson, Roderick T; Bernard, Olivier A; Gilliland, D Gary

2009-01-01

The infant leukemia-associated gene Ott1 (Rbm15) has broad regulatory effects within murine hematopoiesis. However, germ line Ott1 deletion results in fetal demise prior to embryonic day 10.5, indicating additional developmental requirements for Ott1. The spen gene family, to which Ott1 belongs, has a transcriptional activation/repression domain and RNA recognition motifs and has a significant role in the development of the head and thorax in Drosophila melanogaster. Early Ott1-deficient embryos show growth retardation and incomplete closure of the notochord. Further analysis demonstrated placental defects in the spongiotrophoblast and syncytiotrophoblast layers, resulting in an arrest of vascular branching morphogenesis. The rescue of the placental defect using a conditional allele with a trophoblast-sparing cre transgene allowed embryos to form a normal placenta and survive gestation. This outcome showed that the process of vascular branching morphogenesis in Ott1-deficient animals was regulated by the trophoblast compartment rather than the fetal vasculature. Mice surviving to term manifested hyposplenia and abnormal cardiac development. Analysis of global gene expression of Ott1-deficient embryonic hearts showed an enrichment of hypoxia-related genes and a significant alteration of several candidate genes critical for cardiac development. Thus, Ott1-dependent pathways, in addition to being implicated in leukemogenesis, may also be important for the pathogenesis of placental insufficiency and cardiac malformations.

Lectin-resistant variants of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma cells. II. Altered glycosylation of membrane glycoproteins.

PubMed

Debray, H; Dus, D; Hueso, P; Radzikowski, C; Montreuil, J

1990-01-01

Lectin-resistant variants of mouse Lewis lung carcinoma LL2 cell line, selected with wheat germ agglutinin (WGAR), Ricinus communis agglutinin II (RCA IIR) and Aleuria aurantia agglutinin (AAAR) were studied. Total cellular glycopeptides of the parent LL2 line and of the five lectin-resistant variants were analyzed by gel filtration and affinity chromatography on immobilized concanavalin A and Lens culinaris agglutinin. The results revealed that low-metastatic WGAR and RCA IIR variants possessed less highly branched tri- and tetra-antennary N-acetyllactosaminic type glycans with a simultaneous increase in biantennary N-acetyllactosaminic type, oligomannosidic type or hybrid type glycans, as compared to the parent metastasizing LL2 cell line. These findings imply that cell surface carbohydrate changes may possibly be relevant for metastasis. However, the AAAR variant, which possessed reduced spontaneous metastatic ability after s.c. administration, but increased experimental metastatic ability after i.v. inoculation, exhibited apparently the same glycan pattern than the parent LL2 line. This particular variant is under investigation in order to find specific modification(s) of glycan(s) which could play a specific role in the metastatic process.

The role of the cytoplasmic domain of the L1 cell adhesion molecule in brain development

PubMed Central

Nakamura, Yukiko; Lee, Suni; Haddox, Candace L.; Weaver, Eli J.; Lemmon, Vance P.

2011-01-01

Mutations in the human L1CAM gene cause X-linked Hydrocephalus and MASA syndrome. In vitro studies have shown the L1 cytoplasmic domain (L1CD) is involved in L1 trafficking, neurite branching, signaling, and interactions with the cytoskeleton. L1cam knock-out (L1KO) mice have hydrocephalus, a small cerebellum, hyperfasciculation of corticothalamic tracts and abnormal peripheral nerves. To explore the function of the L1CD, we made three new mice lines in which different parts of the L1CD have been altered. In all mutant lines L1 protein is expressed and transported into the axon. Interestingly, these new L1CD mutant lines display normal brain morphology. However, the expression of L1 protein in the adult is dramatically reduced in the two L1CD mutant lines that lack the ankyrin-binding region and they show defects in motor function. Therefore, the L1CD is not responsible for the major defects observed in L1KO mice, yet it is required for continued L1 protein expression and motor function in the adult. PMID:20127821

O(1S) from dissociative recombination of O2(+) - Nonthermal line profile measurements from Dynamics Explorer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Killeen, T. L.; Hays, P. B.

1983-01-01

The measurements reported were made of the O(1S) emission line profile at 5577 A at high spectral resolution with the Fabry-Perot interferometer on the Dynamics Explorer spacecraft. It is found that the line profile has marked nonthermal characteristics in the nightglow. A simple collisional relaxation model is used to analyze the nighttime emission line profiles, measured in the equatorial region. The branching ratio is inferred for the dissociative recombination of O2(+) leading to O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S). The result reveals that the O(1S) + O(1D) channel is favored over the O(1S) + O(3P) channel by a factor of 4; this does not agree with the ratio reported by Hernandez (1971). It is noted, however, that the result is consistent with the active channel for O(1S) production being via the 1Sigma u + repulsive state of O2, as suggested by the theoretical calculations of Guberman (1983). In addition, a value is obtained for the excitation exchange cross section for O(1S).

Lifetimes and Oscillator Strengths for Ultraviolet Transitions in P II, Cl II and Cl III

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cheng, S.; Federman, S. R.; Schectman, R. M.; Brown, M.; Irving, R. E.; Fritts, M. C.; Gibson, N. D.

2006-01-01

Oscillator strengths for transitions in P II, Cl II and Cl III are derived from lifetimes and branching factions measured with beam-foil techniques. The focus is on the multiplets with a prominent interstellar line at 1153 A in P II which is seen in spectra of hot stars, and the lines at 1071 A in Cl II and 1011 A in Cl III whose lines are seen in spectra of diffuse interstellar clouds and the Io torus acquired with the Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer. These data represent the first complete set of experimental f-values for the lines in the multiplets. Our results for P II (lambda)1153 agree well with Curtis semi-empirical predictions, as well as the large scale computations by Hibbert and by Tayal. The data for Cl II (lambda)1071 also agree very well with the most recent theoretical effort and with Morton s newest recommendations. For Cl III, however, our f-values are significantly larger than those given by Morton; instead, they are more consistent with recent large-scale theoretical calculations. Extensive tests provide confirmation that LS coupling rules apply to the transitions for the multiplets in Cl II and Cl III.

ExoMol molecular line lists - XXIII. Spectra of PO and PS

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Prajapat, Laxmi; Jagoda, Pawel; Lodi, Lorenzo; Gorman, Maire N.; Yurchenko, Sergei N.; Tennyson, Jonathan

2017-12-01

Comprehensive line lists for phosphorus monoxide (31P16O) and phosphorus monosulphide (31P32S) in their X 2Π electronic ground state are presented. The line lists are based on new ab initio potential energy (PEC), spin-orbit (SOC) and dipole moment (DMC) curves computed using the MRCI+Q-r method with aug-cc-pwCV5Z and aug-cc-pV5Z basis sets. The nuclear motion equations (i.e. the rovibronic Schrödinger equations for each molecule) are solved using the program DUO. The PECs and SOCs are refined in least-squares fits to available experimental data. Partition functions, Q(T), are computed up to T = 5000 K, the range of validity of the line lists. These line lists are the most comprehensive available for either molecule. The characteristically sharp peak of the Q-branches from the spin-orbit split components gives useful diagnostics for both PO and PS in spectra at infrared wavelengths. These line lists should prove useful for analysing observations and setting up models of environments such as brown dwarfs, low-mass stars, O-rich circumstellar regions and potentially for exoplanetary retrievals. Since PS is yet to be detected in space, the role of the two lowest excited electronic states (a 4Π and B 2Π) are also considered. An approximate line list for the PS X-B electronic transition, which predicts a number of sharp vibrational bands in the near ultraviolet, is also presented. The line lists are available from the CDS (http://cdsarc.u-strasbg.fr) and ExoMol (www.exomol.com) data bases.

Guanidinylated polyethyleneimine-polyoxypropylene-polyoxyethylene conjugates as gene transfection agents.

PubMed

Bromberg, Lev; Raduyk, Svetlana; Hatton, T Alan; Concheiro, Angel; Rodriguez-Valencia, Cosme; Silva, Maite; Alvarez-Lorenzo, Carmen

2009-05-20

Conjugates of linear and branched polyethyleneimine (PEI) and monoamine polyether Jeffamine M-2070 (PO/EO mol ratio 10/31, 2000 Da) were synthesized through polyether activation by cyanuric chloride followed by attachment to PEI and guanidinylation by 1H-pyrazole-carboxamidine hydrochloride. The resulting guanidinylated PEI-polyether conjugates (termed gPEI-Jeffamine) efficiently complexed plasmid DNA, and their polyplexes possessed enhanced colloidal stability in the presence of serum proteins. In vitro studies with mammalian CHO-1, 3T3, and Cos-7 cell lines demonstrated improved transfection efficiency of the pCMVbeta-gal plasmid/gPEI-Jeffamine polyplexes. The guanidinylation of the amino groups of PEI and the conjugation of PEI with the Jeffamine polyether enhanced the conjugates' interaction with genetic material and reduced the cytotoxicity of the polyplexes in experiments with the L929 cell line.

Absorption spectra of ammonia near 1 μm

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barton, Emma J.; Polyansky, Oleg L.; Yurchenko, Sergei. N.; Tennyson, Jonathan; Civiš, S.; Ferus, M.; Hargreaves, R.; Ovsyannikov, R. I.; Kyuberis, A. A.; Zobov, N. F.; Béguier, S.; Campargue, A.

2017-12-01

An ammonia absorption spectrum recorded at room temperature in the region 8800-10,400 cm-1 is analysed using a variational line list, BYTe, and ground state energies determined using the MARVEL procedure. BYTe is used as a starting point to initialise assignments by combination differences and the method of branches. Assignments are presented for the region 9400-9850 cm-1. 642 lines are assigned to 6 previously unobserved vibrational bands, (2v1 + 2 v42) ±, (2v1 + v31) ± and (v1 + v31 + 2 v42) ±, leading to 428 new energy levels with 208 confirmed by combination differences. A recently calculated purely ab initio NH3 PES is also used to calculate rovibrational energy levels. Comparison with assigned levels shows better agreement between observed and calculated levels than for BYTe for higher vibrational bands.

Gamma rays from the de-excitation of C-12 resonance 15.11 MeV and C-12 resonance 4.44 MeV as probes of energetic particle spectra

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Crannell, C. J.; Crannell, H.; Ramaty, R.

1977-01-01

The flux of 15.11 MeV gamma rays relative to the flux 4.44 MeV gamma rays was calculated from measured cross sections for excitation of the corresponding states of C-12 and from experimental determinations of the branching ratios for direct de-excitation of these states to the ground state. Because of the difference in threshold energies for excitation of these two levels, the relative intensities in the two lines are particularly sensitive to the spectral distribution of energetic particles which excite the corresponding nuclear levels. For both solar and cosmic emission, the observability of the 15.11 MeV line is expected to be enhances by low source-background continuum in this energy range.

Overtone spectroscopy of N2H+ molecular ions—application of cavity ring-down spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kálosi, Á.; Dohnal, P.; Shapko, D.; Roučka, Š.; Plašil, R.; Johnsen, R.; Glosík, J.

2017-10-01

A stationary afterglow apparatus in conjunction with a laser absorption cavity ring-down spectrometer has been employed to observe absorption lines in the P- and R-branches of the (200) <-- (000) and (2110) <-- (0110) vibrational bands of the N2H+ molecular ion as a part of an ongoing study of the electron-ion recombination of N2H+ in afterglow plasmas. The probed absorption lines lie in the near-infrared spectral region around 1580 nm. The observed transition wavenumbers were fitted to experimental accuracy and improved molecular constants for the (200) vibrational state were obtained. The employed experimental technique enables probing of the translational, rotational and vibrational temperature of the studied ions as well as the determination of the number densities of different quantum states of the ion in discharge and afterglow plasma.

Molecular hydrogen in the vicinity of NGC 7538 IRS 1 and IRS 2 - Temperature and ortho-to-para ratio

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hoban, Susan; Reuter, Dennis C.; Mumma, Michael J.; Storrs, Alex D.

1991-01-01

Near-infrared spectroscopic observations of the active star-forming region near NGC 7538 IRS 1 and IRS 2 were made. The relative intensities of the v = 1-0 Q(1), Q(3), and Q(5) lines of molecular hydrogen are used to calculate a rotational excitation temperature. Comparison of the measured intensity of the Q(2) transition relative to the intensity of Q(1) and Q(3) permitted the retrieval of the ratio of ortho-to-para hydrogen. It is found that an ortho-to-para ratio of between 1.6 and 2.35 is needed to explain the Q-branch line intensity ratios, depending on the excitation model used. This range in ortho-to-para ratios implies a range of molecular hydrogen formation temperature of approximately 105 K to 140 K.

Automated Test for NASA CFS

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

McComas, David C.; Strege, Susanne L.; Carpenter, Paul B. Hartman, Randy

2015-01-01

The core Flight System (cFS) is a flight software (FSW) product line developed by the Flight Software Systems Branch (FSSB) at NASA's Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC). The cFS uses compile-time configuration parameters to implement variable requirements to enable portability across embedded computing platforms and to implement different end-user functional needs. The verification and validation of these requirements is proving to be a significant challenge. This paper describes the challenges facing the cFS and the results of a pilot effort to apply EXB Solution's testing approach to the cFS applications.

GFSSP Training Course Lectures

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Majumdar, Alok K.

2008-01-01

GFSSP has been extended to model conjugate heat transfer Fluid Solid Network Elements include: a) Fluid nodes and Flow Branches; b) Solid Nodes and Ambient Nodes; c) Conductors connecting Fluid-Solid, Solid-Solid and Solid-Ambient Nodes. Heat Conduction Equations are solved simultaneously with Fluid Conservation Equations for Mass, Momentum, Energy and Equation of State. The extended code was verified by comparing with analytical solution for simple conduction-convection problem The code was applied to model: a) Pressurization of Cryogenic Tank; b) Freezing and Thawing of Metal; c) Chilldown of Cryogenic Transfer Line; d) Boil-off from Cryogenic Tank.

Operational Knowledge Management: Signaleers Share Front Line Experiences

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-01-01

commander recommended for you to be the division KMO . You’ve heard “knowledge management” thrown around at NTC or JRTC, and usually from your...technology? You check the division’s MTOE and fi nd out the authorizations are for an 02A, Branch Immaterial O-5/ LTC as the KMO and a FA 57A Battle...Command Systems Operator O-4/ MAJ as the deputy KMO . Then you start to research the fi eld of KM and fi nd FM 6-01.1 Knowledge Wading through mounds of

Harmonic skeleton guided evaluation of stenoses in human coronary arteries.

PubMed

Yang, Yan; Zhu, Lei; Haker, Steven; Tannenbaum, Allen R; Giddens, Don P

2005-01-01

This paper presents a novel approach that three-dimensionally visualizes and evaluates stenoses in human coronary arteries by using harmonic skeletons. A harmonic skeleton is the center line of a multi-branched tubular surface extracted based on a harmonic function, which is the solution of the Laplace equation. This skeletonization method guarantees smoothness and connectivity and provides a fast and straightforward way to calculate local cross-sectional areas of the arteries, and thus provides the possibility to localize and evaluate coronary artery stenosis, which is a commonly seen pathology in coronary artery disease.

Silver zeolite antimicrobial activity in aluminium heating, ventilation and air conditioning system ducts.

PubMed

Rizzetto, R; Mansi, A; Panatto, D; Rizzitelli, E; Tinteri, C; Sasso, T; Gasparini, R; Crovari, P

2008-03-01

Air pollution in confined environments is a serious health problem, in that most people spend long periods indoors (in homes, offices, classrooms etc.). Some people (children, the elderly, heart disease patients, asthmatic or allergic subjects) are at greater risk because of their conditions of frailty. The growing use of air-conditioning systems in many public and private buildings aggravates this health risk, especially when these systems are not correctly installed or regularly serviced. The aim of our study was to verify the capacity of Ag+ ions to stop the growth of bacteria and moulds inside the ducts of Heating, Ventilation and Air Conditioning system ducts (HVAC) systems when these ducts were lined with active Ag+ ions zeolite-coated panels. A Y-shaped HVAC model with two branches was used; one branch was made of traditional galvanized iron, as was the whole system, while the other was lined with active Ag+ zeolite-coated polyurethane panels. During the test, samples of dust present inside both ducts were collected and seeded in liquid and solid media to detect bacteria and moulds. The presence of bacteria was also sought in the air emerging from the outlets of both ducts. Tests made on samples of particulate collected from the two different ducts revealed a lower total bacterial load in the samples collected from the Ag+ zeolite-coated duct than in the samples from the traditional Zn galvanized duct. In addition, the values of bacterial load found in the air emerging from the Ag+ ions zeolite-lined duct were 5 times lower than those found in the air from the traditional galvanized iron duct. The utilization of Ag+ zeolite-coated panels in air-conditioning systems could improve the quality of the emerging air in comparison with traditional installations in galvanized iron. This innovation could prove particularly advantageous in the event of accidents during the installation of air-conditioning systems or of contaminated aerosols coming from outside.

Metabolomic profiling and genomic analysis of wheat aneuploid lines to identify genes controlling biochemical pathways in mature grain.

PubMed

Francki, Michael G; Hayton, Sarah; Gummer, Joel P A; Rawlinson, Catherine; Trengove, Robert D

2016-02-01

Metabolomics is becoming an increasingly important tool in plant genomics to decipher the function of genes controlling biochemical pathways responsible for trait variation. Although theoretical models can integrate genes and metabolites for trait variation, biological networks require validation using appropriate experimental genetic systems. In this study, we applied an untargeted metabolite analysis to mature grain of wheat homoeologous group 3 ditelosomic lines, selected compounds that showed significant variation between wheat lines Chinese Spring and at least one ditelosomic line, tracked the genes encoding enzymes of their biochemical pathway using the wheat genome survey sequence and determined the genetic components underlying metabolite variation. A total of 412 analytes were resolved in the wheat grain metabolome, and principal component analysis indicated significant differences in metabolite profiles between Chinese Spring and each ditelosomic lines. The grain metabolome identified 55 compounds positively matched against a mass spectral library where the majority showed significant differences between Chinese Spring and at least one ditelosomic line. Trehalose and branched-chain amino acids were selected for detailed investigation, and it was expected that if genes encoding enzymes directly related to their biochemical pathways were located on homoeologous group 3 chromosomes, then corresponding ditelosomic lines would have a significant reduction in metabolites compared with Chinese Spring. Although a proportion showed a reduction, some lines showed significant increases in metabolites, indicating that genes directly and indirectly involved in biosynthetic pathways likely regulate the metabolome. Therefore, this study demonstrated that wheat aneuploid lines are suitable experimental genetic system to validate metabolomics-genomics networks. © 2015 Society for Experimental Biology, Association of Applied Biologists and John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Characterization of the endosperm starch and the pleiotropic effects of biosynthetic enzymes on their properties in novel mutant rice lines with high resistant starch and amylose content.

PubMed

Itoh, Yuuki; Crofts, Naoko; Abe, Misato; Hosaka, Yuko; Fujita, Naoko

2017-05-01

Resistant starch (RS) is beneficial to human health. In order to reduce the current prevalence of diabetes and obesity, several transgenic and mutant crops containing high RS content are being developed. RS content of steamed rice with starch-branching enzyme (BE)IIb-deficient mutant endosperms is considerably high. To understand the mechanisms of RS synthesis and to increase RS content, we developed novel mutant rice lines by introducing the gene encoding starch synthase (SS)IIa and/or granule-bound starch synthase (GBSS)I from an indica rice cultivar into a japonica rice-based BEIIb-deficient mutant line, be2b. Introduction of SSIIa from an indica rice cultivar produced higher levels of amylopectin chains with degree of polymerization (DP) 11-18 than those in be2b; the extent of the change was slight due to the shortage of donor chains for SSIIa (DP 6-12) owing to BEIIb deficiency. The introduction of GBSSI from an indica rice cultivar significantly increased amylose content (by approximately 10%) in the endosperm starch. RS content of the new mutant lines was the same as or slightly higher than that of the be2b parent line. The relationship linking starch structure, RS content, and starch biosynthetic enzymes in the new mutant lines has also been discussed. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cell culture of the mucinous variant of human colorectal carcinoma.

PubMed

Tibbetts, L M; Chu, M Y; Vezeridis, M P; Miller, P G; Tibbetts, L L; Poisson, M H; Camara, P D; Calabresi, P

1988-07-01

Two cell lines, RW-2982 and RW-7213, have been established for the first time from the mucinous variant of human colorectal carcinoma, which is a distinctive and important subtype that has a worse prognosis than the more common nonmucogenic large bowel carcinoma. Methods of establishment and observations made during 7 and 3 years, respectively, of continuous culture are described. These cell lines required 4-9 months of adaptation to tissue culture conditions before noticeable growth occurred. Both cell lines have the following unique properties: (a) growth in vitro as delicate branching three-dimensional tumor particles within a wide gel of insoluble, often translucent mucus (proteoglycan); (b) production of large quantities of carcinoembryonic antigen; (c) ability to survive or adapt to growth in media free of serum, hormones, growth factors, and all protein; and (d) tumorigenicity in multiple sites in nude mice, including liver, with especially rapid growth in the peritoneal cavity as gelatinous material that is nonadherent and noninvasive and thus resembles pseudomyxoma peritonei. Unlike other reported colorectal cell lines, these mucus-coated particulate cell lines will not readily grow as monolayers and grow much more slowly with a doubling time of 2 weeks or more. A serially transplantable tumor from the RW-7213 surgical specimen has also been maintained in nude mice since August 8, 1984. This tumor retains properties of the original specimen. Observations made on the tumor biology of mucogenic colorectal carcinoma using these cell lines are discussed.

A high resolution liquid xenon imaging telescope for 0.3-10 MeV gamma-ray astrophysics: Construction and initial balloon flights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Aprile, Elena

1994-01-01

An instrument is described which will provide a direct image of gamma-ray line or continuum sources in the energy range 300 keV to 10 MeV. The use of this instrument to study the celestial distribution of the (exp 26)Al isotope by observing the 1.809 MeV deexcitation gamma-ray line is illustrated. The source location accuracy is 2' or better. The imaging telescope is a liquid xenon time projection chamber coupled with a coded aperture mask (LXe-CAT). This instrument will confirm and extend the COMPTEL observations from the Compton Gamma-Ray Observatory (CGRO) with an improved capability for identifying the actual Galactic source or sources of (exp 26)Al, which are currently not known with certainty. sources currently under consideration include red giants on the asymptotic giant branch (AGB), novae, Type 1b or Type 2 supernovae, Wolf-Rayet stars and cosmic-rays interacting in molecular clouds. The instrument could also identify a local source of the celestial 1.809 MeV gamma-ray line, such as a recent nearby supernova.

Phonon dispersion evolution in uniaxially strained aluminum crystal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Parthasarathy, Ranganathan; Misra, Anil; Aryal, Sitaram; Ouyang, Lizhi

2018-04-01

The influence of loading upon the phonon dispersion of crystalline materials could be highly nonlinear with certain particular trends that depend upon the loading path. In this paper, we have calculated the influence of [100] uniaxial strain on the phonon dispersion and group velocities in fcc aluminum using second moments of position obtained from molecular dynamics (MD) simulation at 300 K. In contrast to nonlinear monotonic variation of both longitudinal and transverse phonon frequencies along the Δ , Λ and Σ lines of the first Brillouin zone under tension, transverse phonon branches along the Λ line show inflection at specific wavevectors when the compressive strain exceeds 5%. Further, the longitudinal group velocities along the high-symmetry Δ line vary non-monotonically with strain, reaching a minimum at 5% compressive strain. Throughout the strain range studied, the equilibrium positions of atoms displace in an affine manner preserving certain static structural symmetry. We attribute the anomalies in the phonon dispersion to the non-affine evolution of second moments of atomic position, and the associated plateauing of force constants under the applied strain path.

A Rare SNP Identified a TCP Transcription Factor Essential for Tendril Development in Cucumber.

PubMed

Wang, Shenhao; Yang, Xueyong; Xu, Mengnan; Lin, Xingzhong; Lin, Tao; Qi, Jianjian; Shao, Guangjin; Tian, Nana; Yang, Qing; Zhang, Zhonghua; Huang, Sanwen

2015-12-07

Rare genetic variants are abundant in genomes but less tractable in genome-wide association study. Here we exploit a strategy of rare variation mapping to discover a gene essential for tendril development in cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.). In a collection of >3000 lines, we discovered a unique tendril-less line that forms branches instead of tendrils and, therefore, loses its climbing ability. We hypothesized that this unusual phenotype was caused by a rare variation and subsequently identified the causative single nucleotide polymorphism. The affected gene TEN encodes a TCP transcription factor conserved within the cucurbits and is expressed specifically in tendrils, representing a new organ identity gene. The variation occurs within a protein motif unique to the cucurbits and impairs its function as a transcriptional activator. Analyses of transcriptomes from near-isogenic lines identified downstream genes required for the tendril's capability to sense and climb a support. This study provides an example to explore rare functional variants in plant genomes. Copyright © 2015 The Author. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Spectral broadening of optical transitions in InAs/GaAs coupled quantum dot pairs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kumar, P.; Czarnocki, C.; Jennings, C.; Casara, J.; Monteros, A. L.; Zahbihi, N.; Scheibner, M.; Economou, S. E.; Bracker, A. S.; Pursley, B. C.; Gammon, D.; Carter, S. G.

The optical transitions in InAs/GaAs coupled quantum dot (CQD) pairs are investigated experimentally. These coupled dot systems provide new means to study the interaction of quantum states with the mechanical modes of the crystal environment. Here, the line width and line shape of CQD optical transitions are analyzed in detail as a function of temperature, excitation power, excitation energy, and tunnel coupling strength. A significant line broadening, up to 25 times the typical lifetime-limited linewidth of single-dot excitons, is being observed at level anti-crossings where the coherent tunnel coupling between spatially direct and indirect exciton states is considerable. The experimental observations are compared with theoretical predictions where linewidth broadening at anti-crossings is attributed to the phonon assisted transitions, and found to be strongly dependent on the energy splitting of the two exciton branches. This work focuses on understanding the linewidth broadening due to the pure dephasing, and fundamental aspects of the interaction of these systems with the local environment. This work was supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency, Basic Research Award HDTRA1-15-1-0011.

An algorithm for retrieving rock-desertification from multispectral remote sensing images

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, Xueqi; Tian, Qingjiu; Liao, Yan

2009-06-01

Rock-desertification is a typical environmental and ecological problem in Southwest China. As remote sensing is an important means of monitoring spatial variation of rock-desertification, a method is developed for measurement and information retrieval of rock-desertification from multi-spectral high-resolution remote sensing images. MNF transform is applied to 4-band IKONOS multi-spectral remotely sensed data to reduce the number of spectral dimensions to three. In the 3-demension endmembers are extracted and analyzed. It is found that various vegetations group into a line defined as "vegetation line", in which "dark vegetations", such as coniferous forest and broadleaf forest, continuously change to "bright vegetations", such as grasses. It is presumed that is caused by deferent proportion of shadow mixed in leaves or branches in various types of vegetation. Normalized distance between the endmember of rocks and the vegetation line is defined as Geometric Rock-desertification Index (GRI), which was used to scale rock-desertification. The case study with ground truth validation in Puding, Guizhou province showed successes and the advantages of this method.

The role of radiative de-excitation in the neutralization process of highly charged ions interacting with a single layer of graphene

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schwestka, J.; Wilhelm, R. A.; Gruber, E.; Heller, R.; Kozubek, R.; Schleberger, M.; Facsko, S.; Aumayr, F.

2018-05-01

X-ray emission of slow (<1 a.u.) highly charged Argon and Xenon ions is measured for transmission through a freestanding single layer of graphene. To discriminate against X-ray emission originating from the graphene's support grid a coincidence technique is used. X-ray emission of 75 keV Ar17+ and Ar18+ ions with either one or two K-shell vacancies is recorded. Using a windowless Bruker XFlash detector allows us to measure additionally Ar KLL and KLM Auger electrons and determine the branching ratio of radiative vs. non-radiative decay of Ar K-shell holes. Furthermore, X-ray spectra for 100 keV Xe22+-Xe35+ ions are compared, showing a broad M-line peak for all cases, where M-shell vacancies are present. All these peaks are accompanied by emission lines at still higher energies indicating the presence of a hollow atom during X-ray decay. We report a linear shift of the main M-line peak to higher energies for increasing incident charge state, i.e. increasing number of M-shell holes.

DOT1L histone methyltransferase regulates the expression of BCAT1 and is involved in sphere formation and cell migration of breast cancer cell lines.

PubMed

Oktyabri, Dulamsuren; Ishimura, Akihiko; Tange, Shoichiro; Terashima, Minoru; Suzuki, Takeshi

2016-04-01

DOT1L is a histone H3 lysine 79 (H3K79) methyltransferase mainly implicated in leukemia. Here we analyzed the function of DOT1L in breast cancer cells. The expression of DOT1L was up-regulated in malignant breast cancer tissues. Over-expression of DOT1L significantly increased the sphere formation and the cell migration activities of MCF7 breast cancer cell line. In contrast, knockdown of DOT1L reduced the cell migration activity of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell line. BCAT1, which encodes a branched-chain amino acid transaminase, was identified as one of the target genes controlled by DOT1L through the regulation of H3K79 methylation. Mechanistic investigation revealed that BCAT1 might be an important regulator responsible for DOT1L-mediated sphere formation and cell migration in breast cancer cells. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. and Société Française de Biochimie et Biologie Moléculaire (SFBBM). All rights reserved.

A Single-Block TRL Test Fixture for the Cryogenic Characterization of Planar Microwave Components

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mejia, M.; Creason, A. S.; Toncich, S. S.; Ebihara, B. T.; Miranda, F. A.

1996-01-01

The High-Temperature-Superconductivity (HTS) group of the RF Technology Branch, Space Electronics Division, is actively involved in the fabrication and cryogenic characterization of planar microwave components for space applications. This process requires fast, reliable, and accurate measurement techniques not readily available. A new calibration standard/test fixture that enhances the integrity and reliability of the component characterization process has been developed. The fixture consists of 50 omega thru, reflect, delay, and device under test gold lines etched onto a 254 microns (0.010 in) thick alumina substrate. The Thru-Reflect-Line (TRL) fixture was tested at room temperature using a 30 omega, 7.62 mm (300 mil) long, gold line as a known standard. Good agreement between the experimental data and the data modelled using Sonnet's em(C) software was obtained for both the return (S(sub 11)) and insertion (S( 21)) losses. A gold two-pole bandpass filter with a 7.3 GHz center frequency was used as our Device Under Test (DUT), and the results compared with those obtained using a Short-Open-Load-Thru (SOLT) calibration technique.

"Asymptotic Parabola" Fits for Smoothing Generally Asymmetric Light Curves

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andrych, K. D.; Andronov, I. L.; Chinarova, L. L.; Marsakova, V. I.

A computer program is introduced, which allows to determine statistically optimal approximation using the "Asymptotic Parabola" fit, or, in other words, the spline consisting of polynomials of order 1,2,1, or two lines ("asymptotes") connected with a parabola. The function itself and its derivative is continuous. There are 5 parameters: two points, where a line switches to a parabola and vice versa, the slopes of the line and the curvature of the parabola. Extreme cases are either the parabola without lines (i.e.the parabola of width of the whole interval), or lines without a parabola (zero width of the parabola), or "line+parabola" without a second line. Such an approximation is especially effective for pulsating variables, for which the slopes of the ascending and descending branches are generally different, so the maxima and minima have asymmetric shapes. The method was initially introduced by Marsakova and Andronov (1996OAP.....9...127M) and realized as a computer program written in QBasic under DOS. It was used for dozens of variable stars, particularly, for the catalogs of the individual characteristics of pulsations of the Mira (1998OAP....11...79M) and semi-regular (200OAP....13..116C) pulsating variables. For the eclipsing variables with nearly symmetric shapes of the minima, we use a "symmetric" version of the "Asymptotic parabola". Here we introduce a Windows-based program, which does not have DOS limitation for the memory (number of observations) and screen resolution. The program has an user-friendly interface and is illustrated by an application to the test signal and to the pulsating variable AC Her.

The effect of Gestalt laws of perceptual organization on the comprehension of three-variable bar and line graphs.

PubMed

Ali, Nadia; Peebles, David

2013-02-01

We report three experiments investigating the ability of undergraduate college students to comprehend 2 x 2 "interaction" graphs from two-way factorial research designs. Factorial research designs are an invaluable research tool widely used in all branches of the natural and social sciences, and the teaching of such designs lies at the core of many college curricula. Such data can be represented in bar or line graph form. Previous studies have shown, however, that people interpret these two graphical forms differently. In Experiment 1, participants were required to interpret interaction data in either bar or line graphs while thinking aloud. Verbal protocol analysis revealed that line graph users were significantly more likely to misinterpret the data or fail to interpret the graph altogether. The patterns of errors line graph users made were interpreted as arising from the operation of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization, and this interpretation was used to develop two modified versions of the line graph, which were then tested in two further experiments. One of the modifications resulted in a significant improvement in performance. Results of the three experiments support the proposed explanation and demonstrate the effects (both positive and negative) of Gestalt principles of perceptual organization on graph comprehension. We propose that our new design provides a more balanced representation of the data than the standard line graph for nonexpert users to comprehend the full range of relationships in two-way factorial research designs and may therefore be considered a more appropriate representation for use in educational and other nonexpert contexts.

Adding the s-Process Element Cerium to the APOGEE Survey: Identification and Characterization of Ce II Lines in the H-band Spectral Window

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cunha, Katia; Smith, Verne V.; Hasselquist, Sten; Souto, Diogo; Shetrone, Matthew D.; Allende Prieto, Carlos; Bizyaev, Dmitry; Frinchaboy, Peter; García-Hernández, D. Anibal; Holtzman, Jon; Johnson, Jennifer A.; Jőnsson, Henrik; Majewski, Steven R.; Mészáros, Szabolcs; Nidever, David; Pinsonneault, Mark; Schiavon, Ricardo P.; Sobeck, Jennifer; Skrutskie, Michael F.; Zamora, Olga; Zasowski, Gail; Fernández-Trincado, J. G.

2017-08-01

Nine Ce II lines have been identified and characterized within the spectral window observed by the Apache Point Observatory Galactic Evolution Experiment (APOGEE) survey (between λ1.51 and 1.69 μm). At solar metallicities, cerium is an element that is produced predominantly as a result of the slow capture of neutrons (the s-process) during asymptotic giant branch stellar evolution. The Ce II lines were identified using a combination of a high-resolution (R=λ /δ λ ={{100,000}}) Fourier Transform Spectrometer (FTS) spectrum of α Boo and an APOGEE spectrum (R = 22,400) of a metal-poor, but s-process enriched, red giant (2M16011638-1201525). Laboratory oscillator strengths are not available for these lines. Astrophysical gf-values were derived using α Boo as a standard star, with the absolute cerium abundance in α Boo set by using optical Ce II lines that have precise published laboratory gf-values. The near-infrared Ce II lines identified here are also analyzed, as consistency checks, in a small number of bright red giants using archival FTS spectra, as well as a small sample of APOGEE red giants, including two members of the open cluster NGC 6819, two field stars, and seven metal-poor N- and Al-rich stars. The conclusion is that this set of Ce II lines can be detected and analyzed in a large fraction of the APOGEE red giant sample and will be useful for probing chemical evolution of the s-process products in various populations of the Milky Way.

Modification of phenolic metabolism in soybean hairy roots through down regulation of chalcone synthase or isoflavone synthase.

PubMed

Lozovaya, Vera V; Lygin, Anatoliy V; Zernova, Olga V; Ulanov, Alexander V; Li, Shuxian; Hartman, Glen L; Widholm, Jack M

2007-02-01

Soybean hairy roots, transformed with the soybean chalcone synthase (CHS6) or isoflavone synthase (IFS2) genes, with dramatically decreased capacity to synthesize isoflavones were produced to determine what effects these changes would have on susceptibility to a fungal pathogen. The isoflavone and coumestrol concentrations were decreased by about 90% in most lines apparently due to gene silencing. The IFS2 transformed lines had very low IFS enzyme activity in microsomal fractions as measured by the conversion of naringenin to genistein. The CHS6 lines with decreased isoflavone concentrations had 5 to 20-fold lower CHS enzyme activities than the appropriate controls. Both IFS2 and CHS transformed lines accumulated higher concentrations of both soluble and cell wall bound phenolic acids compared to controls with higher levels found in the CHS6 lines indicating alterations in the lignin biosynthetic branch of the pathway. Induction of the soybean phytoalexin glyceollin, of which the precursor is the isoflavone daidzein, by the fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f. sp. glycines (FSG) that causes soybean sudden death syndrome (SDS) showed that the low isoflavone transformed lines did not accumulate glyceollin while the control lines did. The (iso)liquritigenin content increased upon FSG induction in the IFS2 transformed roots indicating that the pathway reactions before this point can control isoflavonoid synthesis. The lowest fungal growth rate on hairy roots was found on the FSG partially resistant control roots followed by the SDS sensitive control roots and the low isoflavone transformants. The results indicate the importance of phytoalexin synthesis in root resistance to the pathogen.

Laboratory oscillator strengths of Sc i in the near-infrared region for astrophysical applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pehlivan, A.; Nilsson, H.; Hartman, H.

2015-10-01

Context. Atomic data is crucial for astrophysical investigations. To understand the formation and evolution of stars, we need to analyse their observed spectra. Analysing a spectrum of a star requires information about the properties of atomic lines, such as wavelengths and oscillator strengths. However, atomic data of some elements are scarce, particularly in the infrared region, and this paper is part of an effort to improve the situation on near-IR atomic data. Aims: This paper investigates the spectrum of neutral scandium, Sc I, from laboratory measurements and improves the atomic data of Sc I lines in the infrared region covering lines in R, I, J, and K bands. Especially, we focus on measuring oscillator strengths for Sc I lines connecting the levels with 4p and 4s configurations. Methods: We combined experimental branching fractions with radiative lifetimes from the literature to derive oscillator strengths (f-values). Intensity-calibrated spectra with high spectral resolution were recorded with Fourier transform spectrometer from a hollow cathode discharge lamp. The spectra were used to derive accurate oscillator strengths and wavelengths for Sc I lines, with emphasis on the infrared region. Results: This project provides the first set of experimental Sc I lines in the near-infrared region for accurate spectral analysis of astronomical objects. We derived 63 log(gf) values for the lines between 5300 Å and 24 300 Å. The uncertainties in the f-values vary from 5% to 20%. The small uncertainties in our values allow for an increased accuracy in astrophysical abundance determinations.

Nebular Continuum and Line Emission in Stellar Population Synthesis Models

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byler, Nell; Dalcanton, Julianne J.; Conroy, Charlie

Accounting for nebular emission when modeling galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is important, as both line and continuum emissions can contribute significantly to the total observed flux. In this work, we present a new nebular emission model integrated within the Flexible Stellar Population Synthesis code that computes the line and continuum emission for complex stellar populations using the photoionization code Cloudy. The self-consistent coupling of the nebular emission to the matched ionizing spectrum produces emission line intensities that correctly scale with the stellar population as a function of age and metallicity. This more complete model of galaxy SEDs will improvemore » estimates of global gas properties derived with diagnostic diagrams, star formation rates based on H α , and physical properties derived from broadband photometry. Our models agree well with results from other photoionization models and are able to reproduce observed emission from H ii regions and star-forming galaxies. Our models show improved agreement with the observed H ii regions in the Ne iii/O ii plane and show satisfactory agreement with He ii emission from z = 2 galaxies, when including rotating stellar models. Models including post-asymptotic giant branch stars are able to reproduce line ratios consistent with low-ionization emission regions. The models are integrated into current versions of FSPS and include self-consistent nebular emission predictions for MIST and Padova+Geneva evolutionary tracks.« less

Microstrip Butler matrix design and realization for 7 T MRI.

PubMed

Yazdanbakhsh, Pedram; Solbach, Klaus

2011-07-01

This article presents the design and realization of 8 × 8 and 16 × 16 Butler matrices for 7 T MRI systems. With the focus on low insertion loss and high amplitude/phase accuracy, the microstrip line integration technology (microwave-integrated circuit) was chosen for the realization. Laminate material of high permittivity (ε(r) = 11) and large thickness (h = 3.2 mm) is shown to allow the best trade-off of circuit board size versus insertion loss, saving circuit area by extensive folding of branch-line coupler topology and meandering phase shifter and connecting strip lines and reducing mutual coupling of neighboring strip lines by shield structures between strip lines. With this approach, 8 × 8 Butler matrices were produced in single boards of 310 mm × 530 mm, whereas the 16 × 16 Butler matrices combined two submatrices of 8 × 8 with two smaller boards. Insertion loss was found at 0.73 and 1.1 dB for an 8 × 8 matrix and 16 × 16 matrix, respectively. Measured amplitude and phase errors are shown to represent highly pure mode excitation with unwanted modes suppressed by 40 and 35 dB, respectively. Both types of matrices were implemented with a 7 T MRI system and 8- and 16-element coil arrays for RF mode shimming experiments and operated successfully with 8 kW of RF power. Copyright © 2011 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

Inhibitory effect of the branches of Hovenia dulcis Thunb. and its constituent pinosylvin on the activities of IgE-mediated mast cells and passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in mice.

PubMed

Lim, Sue Ji; Kim, Myungsuk; Randy, Ahmad; Nho, Chu Won

2015-04-01

Hovenia dulcis Thunb. (Rhamnaceae) is a hardy tree native to Europe, the Middle East, and North Africa, and it is also grown in parts of Asia and has been used in traditional medicine to treat liver toxicity, stomach disorders, and inflammation. This study investigated the anti-allergy potential of an extract of the branches of H. dulcis (HDB) using the antigen-stimulated mast cell-like cell line rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 and a passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mouse model. Degranulation assay, reverse transcription PCR, enzyme-lined immunosorbent assays, western blot analyses, and PCA were performed to measure allergic responses and proinflammatory mediators in antigen-stimulated rat basophilic leukemia (RBL)-2H3 mast cells and the PCA mouse model. In antigen-stimulated RBL-2H3 cells, HDB inhibited the secretion of β-hexosaminidase (indicating the inhibition of degranulation) and histamine release; decreased expression and production of the inflammatory mediators, cyclooxygenase-2 and prostaglandin E2, and cytokines interleukin-4 and tumor necrosis factor-α; and suppressed activation of nuclear factor κB, a transcription factor involved in the response to cytokines. HDB attenuated phosphorylation of the mast cell downstream effectors Lyn, Syk, phospholipase Cγ, protein kinase Cμ, extracellular signal-regulated kinase and p38. In IgE-sensitized mice, HDB inhibited mast cell-dependent PCA. Furthermore, HDB contained pinosylvin and possessed significant anti-allergic activities. These results suggest that HDB would be of value in the prevention and treatment of allergic diseases.

The Priming of Amylose Synthesis in Arabidopsis Leaves1

PubMed Central

Zeeman, Samuel C.; Smith, Steven M.; Smith, Alison M.

2002-01-01

We investigated the mechanism of amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves using 14C-labeling techniques. First, we tested the hypothesis that short malto-oligosaccharides (MOS) may act as primers for granule-bound starch synthase I. We found increased amylose synthesis in isolated starch granules supplied with ADP[14C]glucose (ADP[14C]Glc) and MOS compared with granules supplied with ADP[14C]Glc but no MOS. Furthermore, using a MOS-accumulating mutant (dpe1), we found that more amylose was synthesized than in the wild type, correlating with the amount of MOS in vivo. When wild-type and mutant plants were tested in conditions where both lines had similar MOS contents, no difference in amylose synthesis was observed. We also tested the hypothesis that branches of amylopectin might serve as the primers for granule-bound starch synthase I. In this model, elongated branches of amylopectin are subsequently cleaved to form amylose. We conducted pulse-chase experiments, supplying a pulse of ADP[14C]Glc to isolated starch granules or 14CO2 to intact plants, followed by a chase period in unlabeled substrate. We detected no transfer of label from the amylopectin fraction to the amylose fraction of starch either in isolated starch granules or in intact leaves, despite varying the time course of the experiments and using a mutant line (sex4) in which high-amylose starch is synthesized. We therefore find no evidence for amylopectin-primed amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis. We propose that MOS are the primers for amylose synthesis in Arabidopsis leaves. PMID:11891261

Phonon cross-plane transport and thermal boundary resistance: effect of heat source size and thermal boundary resistance on phonon characteristics

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ali, H.; Yilbas, B. S.

2016-09-01

Phonon cross-plane transport across silicon and diamond thin films pair is considered, and thermal boundary resistance across the films pair interface is examined incorporating the cut-off mismatch and diffusive mismatch models. In the cut-off mismatch model, phonon frequency mismatch for each acoustic branch is incorporated across the interface of the silicon and diamond films pair in line with the dispersion relations of both films. The frequency-dependent and transient solution of the Boltzmann transport equation is presented, and the equilibrium phonon intensity ratios at the silicon and diamond film edges are predicted across the interface for each phonon acoustic branch. Temperature disturbance across the edges of the films pair is incorporated to assess the phonon transport characteristics due to cut-off and diffusive mismatch models across the interface. The effect of heat source size, which is allocated at high-temperature (301 K) edge of the silicon film, on the phonon transport characteristics at the films pair interface is also investigated. It is found that cut-off mismatch model predicts higher values of the thermal boundary resistance across the films pair interface as compared to that of the diffusive mismatch model. The ratio of equilibrium phonon intensity due to the cut-off mismatch over the diffusive mismatch models remains >1 at the silicon edge, while it becomes <1 at the diamond edge for all acoustic branches.

Bioconjugated PLGA-4-arm-PEG branched polymeric nanoparticles as novel tumor targeting carriers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ding, Hong; Yong, Ken-Tye; Roy, Indrajit; Hu, Rui; Wu, Fang; Zhao, Lingling; Law, Wing-Cheung; Zhao, Weiwei; Ji, Wei; Liu, Liwei; Bergey, Earl J.; Prasad, Paras N.

2011-04-01

In this study, we have developed a novel carrier, micelle-type bioconjugated PLGA-4-arm-PEG branched polymeric nanoparticles (NPs), for the detection and treatment of pancreatic cancer. These NPs contained 4-arm-PEG as corona, and PLGA as core, the particle surface was conjugated with cyclo(arginine-glycine-aspartate) (cRGD) as ligand for in vivo tumor targeting. The hydrodynamic size of the NPs was determined to be 150-180 nm and the critical micellar concentration (CMC) was estimated to be 10.5 mg l - 1. Our in vitro study shows that these NPs by themselves had negligible cytotoxicity to human pancreatic cancer (Panc-1) and human glioblastoma (U87) cell lines. Near infrared (NIR) microscopy and flow cytometry demonstrated that the cRGD conjugated PLGA-4-arm-PEG polymeric NPs were taken up more efficiently by U87MG glioma cells, over-expressing the αvβ3 integrin, when compared with the non-targeted NPs. Whole body imaging showed that the cRGD conjugated PLGA-4-arm-PEG branched polymeric NPs had the highest accumulation in the pancreatic tumor site of mice at 48 h post-injection. Physical, hematological, and pathological assays indicated low in vivo toxicity of this NP formulation. These studies on the ability of these bioconjugated PLGA-4-arm-PEG polymeric NPs suggest that the prepared polymeric NPs may serve as a promising platform for detection and targeted drug delivery for pancreatic cancer.

Histidine-lysine peptides as carriers of nucleic acids.

PubMed

Leng, Qixin; Goldgeier, Lisa; Zhu, Jingsong; Cambell, Patricia; Ambulos, Nicholas; Mixson, A James

2007-03-01

With their biodegradability and diversity of permutations, peptides have significant potential as carriers of nucleic acids. This review will focus on the sequence and branching patterns of peptide carriers composed primarily of histidines and lysines. While lysines within peptides are important for binding to the negatively charged phosphates, histidines are critical for endosomal lysis enabling nucleic acids to reach the cytosol. Histidine-lysine (HK) polymers by either covalent or ionic bonds with liposomes augment transfection compared to liposome carriers alone. More recently, we have examined peptides as sole carriers of nucleic acids because of their intrinsic advantages compared to the bipartite HK/liposome carriers. With a protocol change and addition of a histidine-rich tail, HK peptides as sole carriers were more effective than liposomes alone in several cell lines. While four-branched polymers with a primary repeating sequence pattern of -HHK- were more effective as carriers of plasmids, eight-branched polymers with a sequence pattern of -HHHK- were more effective as carriers of siRNA. Compared to polyethylenimine, HK carriers of siRNA and plasmids had reduced toxicity. When injected intravenously, HK polymers in complex with plasmids encoding antiangiogenic proteins significantly decreased tumor growth. Furthermore, modification of HK polymers with polyethylene glycol and vascular-specific ligands increased specificity of the polyplex to the tumor by more than 40-fold. Together with further development and insight on the structure of HK polyplexes, HK peptides may prove to be useful as carriers of different forms of nucleic acids both in vitro and in vivo.

a Rigorous Comparison of Theoretical and Measured Carbon Dioxide Line Intensities

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yi, Hongming; Fleisher, Adam J.; Gameson, Lyn; Zak, Emil J.; Polyansky, Oleg; Tennyson, Jonathan; Hodges, Joseph T.

2017-06-01

The ability to calculate molecular line intensities from first principles plays an increasingly important role in populating line-by-line spectroscopic databases because of its generality and extensibility to various isotopologues, spectral ranges and temperature conditions. Such calculations require a spectroscopically determined potential energy surface, and an accurate dipole moment surface that can be either fully ab initio or an effective quantity based on fits to measurements Following our recent work where we used high-precision measurements of intensities in the (30013 →00001) band of ^{12}C^{16}O_2 to bound the uncertainty of calculated line lists, here we carry out high-precision, frequency-stabilized cavity ring-down spectroscopy measurements in the R-branch of the ^{12}C^{16}O_2 (20012 →00001) band from J = 16 to 52. Gas samples consisted of 50 μmol mol^{-1} or 100 μmol mol^{-1} of nitrogen-broadened carbon dioxide with gravimetrically determined SI-traceable molar composition. We demonstrate relative measurement precision (Type A) at the 0.15 % level and estimate systematic (Type B) uncertainty contributions in % of: isotopic abundance 0.01; sample density, 0.016; cavity free spectral rang,e 0.03; line shape, 0.05; line interferences, 0.05; and carbon dioxide molar fraction, 0.06. Combined in quadrature, these components yield a relative standard uncertainty in measured line intensity less than 0.2 % for most observed transitions. These intensities differ by more than 2 % from those measured by Fourier transform spectroscopy and archived in HITRAN 2012 but differ by less than 0.5 % with the calculations of Zak et al. E. Zak et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 177, (2016) 31. Huang et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 130, (2013) 134. Tashkun et al., J. Quant. Spectrosc. Radiat. Transf. 152, (2015) 45.

ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT FOR THE PROPOSED WITHDRAWAL OF PUBLIC LANDS WITHIN AND SURROUNDING THE CALIENTE RAIL CORRIDOR, NEVADA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

DOE

2005-12-01

The purpose for agency action is to preclude surface entry and the location of new mining claims, subject to valid existing rights, within and surrounding the Caliente rail corridor as described in the Yucca Mountain FEIS (DOE 2002). This protective measure is needed to enhance the safe, efficient, and uninterrupted evaluation of land areas for potential rail alignments within the Caliente rail corridor. The evaluation will assist the DOE in determining, through the Rail Alignment environmental impact statement (EIS) process, whether to construct a branch rail line, and to provide support to the BLM in deciding whether or not tomore » reserve a ROW for the rail line under the Federal Land Policy and Management Act (FLPMA). The BLM participated as a cooperating agency in preparing this EA because it is the responsible land manager and BLM staff could contribute resource specific expertise.« less

Absolute instability of the Gaussian wake profile

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hultgren, Lennart S.; Aggarwal, Arun K.

1987-01-01

Linear parallel-flow stability theory has been used to investigate the effect of viscosity on the local absolute instability of a family of wake profiles with a Gaussian velocity distribution. The type of local instability, i.e., convective or absolute, is determined by the location of a branch-point singularity with zero group velocity of the complex dispersion relation for the instability waves. The effects of viscosity were found to be weak for values of the wake Reynolds number, based on the center-line velocity defect and the wake half-width, larger than about 400. Absolute instability occurs only for sufficiently large values of the center-line wake defect. The critical value of this parameter increases with decreasing wake Reynolds number, thereby indicating a shrinking region of absolute instability with decreasing wake Reynolds number. If backflow is not allowed, absolute instability does not occur for wake Reynolds numbers smaller than about 38.

Correlation and 3D-tracking of objects by pointing sensors

DOEpatents

Griesmeyer, J. Michael

2017-04-04

A method and system for tracking at least one object using a plurality of pointing sensors and a tracking system are disclosed herein. In a general embodiment, the tracking system is configured to receive a series of observation data relative to the at least one object over a time base for each of the plurality of pointing sensors. The observation data may include sensor position data, pointing vector data and observation error data. The tracking system may further determine a triangulation point using a magnitude of a shortest line connecting a line of sight value from each of the series of observation data from each of the plurality of sensors to the at least one object, and perform correlation processing on the observation data and triangulation point to determine if at least two of the plurality of sensors are tracking the same object. Observation data may also be branched, associated and pruned using new incoming observation data.

Infrared spectroscopic detection of sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) in the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rinsland, C. P.; Brown, L. R.; Farmer, C. B.

1990-01-01

This paper reports the detection and identification of the unresolved SF6 nu-3 band Q branch at 947.9/cm in high-resolution solar occultation spectra of the lower stratosphere and upper troposphere, which was made from the analysis of data recorded on April 30 to May 1, 1985 by the spaceborne Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy Fourier transform spectrometer as part of the Spacelab 3 mission. On the basis of SF6 line-by-line parameters obtained from the laboratory studies of Bobin et al. (1987) and Schatz and Hornig (1953), the measured absorption was analyzed to deduce SF6 volume mixing ratios in the altitude range 12-22 km. It was found that, in this altitude range, the SF6 volume mixing ratio is independent of altitude, with an average measured value of 1.42 parts per trillion by volume (pptv) at 31 deg N latitude.

CH3D photomixing spectroscopy up to 2.5 THz: New set of rotational and dipole parameters, first THz self-broadening measurements

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bray, Cédric; Cuisset, Arnaud; Hindle, Francis; Bocquet, Robin; Mouret, Gaël; Drouin, Brian J.

2017-03-01

Several previously unmeasured transitions of 12CH3D have been recorded by a terahertz photomixing continuous-wave spectrometer up to QR(10) branch at 2.5 THz. An improved set of rotational constants has been obtained utilizing a THz frequency metrology based on a frequency comb that achieved an averaged frequency position better than 150 kHz on more than fifty ground-state transitions. A detailed analysis of the measured line intensities was undertaken using the multispectrum fitting program and has resulted in a determination of new dipole moment parameters. Measurements at different pressures of the QR(7) transitions provide the first determination of self-broadening coefficients from pure rotational CH3D lines. The THz rotational measurements are consistent with IR rovibrational data but no significant vibrational dependence of self-broadening coefficient may be observed by comparison.

A random walk model for the migration of Strongylus vulgaris in the intestinal arteries of the horse.

PubMed

Aref, S

1982-01-01

A study of the migration of fourth stage larvae of the parasite Strongylus vulgaris in the intestinal arteries of the horse is presented. It is established, that the larvae migrate along the arteries in almost straight lines. It is suggested that this is primarily due to their ability to sense the curvature of the vessel wall, and not, as might have been expected, because of an ability to sense the direction of blood flow. A larva will sometimes alter its direction of motion when encountering a small off-branching artery. This behaviour suggests, that the migration of S. vulgaris larvae can be modeled as a one-dimensional discrete random walk on a long time scale. This model is simpler than any deterministic model and, in particular, does not require the existence of a predilection site. The available data is not, however, sufficient for a convincing, quantitative test of the model. The proposed reluctance of the larvae to bend into off-branching arteries is used to explain the crowding of larvae in the cranial mesenteric artery.

Accurate computation and continuation of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits for singular perturbation problems

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vaughan, William W.; Friedman, Mark J.; Monteiro, Anand C.

1993-01-01

In earlier papers, Doedel and the authors have developed a numerical method and derived error estimates for the computation of branches of heteroclinic orbits for a system of autonomous ordinary differential equations in R(exp n). The idea of the method is to reduce a boundary value problem on the real line to a boundary value problem on a finite interval by using a local (linear or higher order) approximation of the stable and unstable manifolds. A practical limitation for the computation of homoclinic and heteroclinic orbits has been the difficulty in obtaining starting orbits. Typically these were obtained from a closed form solution or via a homotopy from a known solution. Here we consider extensions of our algorithm which allow us to obtain starting orbits on the continuation branch in a more systematic way as well as make the continuation algorithm more flexible. In applications, we use the continuation software package AUTO in combination with some initial value software. The examples considered include computation of homoclinic orbits in a singular perturbation problem and in a turbulent fluid boundary layer in the wall region problem.

Lessons learned: the switch from VMS to UNIX operations for the STScI's Science and Mission Scheduling Branch

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Adler, David S.; Workman, William M., III; Chance, Don

2004-09-01

The Science and Mission Scheduling Branch (SMSB) of the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI) historically operated exclusively under VMS. Due to diminished support for VMS-based platforms at STScI, SMSB recently transitioned to Unix operations. No additional resources were available to the group; the project was SMSB's to design, develop, and implement. Early decisions included the choice of Python as the primary scripting language; adoption of Object-Oriented Design in the development of base utilities; and the development of a Python utility to interact directly with the Sybase database. The project was completed in January 2004 with the implementation of a GUI to generate the Command Loads that are uplinked to HST. The current tool suite consists of 31 utilities and 271 tools comprising over 60,000 lines of code. In this paper, we summarize the decision-making process used to determine the primary scripting language, database interface, and code management library. We also describe the finished product and summarize lessons learned along the way to completing the project.

Overexpression of tropinone reductases alters alkaloid composition in Atropa belladonna root cultures.

PubMed

Richter, Ute; Rothe, Grit; Fabian, Anne-Katrin; Rahfeld, Bettina; Dräger, Birgit

2005-02-01

The medicinally applied tropane alkaloids hyoscyamine and scopolamine are produced in Atropa belladonna L. and in a small number of other Solanaceae. Calystegines are nortropane alkaloids that derive from a branching point in the tropane alkaloid biosynthetic pathway. In A. belladonna root cultures, calystegine molar concentration is 2-fold higher than that of hyoscyamine and scopolamine. In this study, two tropinone reductases forming a branching point in the tropane alkaloid biosynthesis were overexpressed in A. belladonna. Root culture lines with strong overexpression of the transcripts contained more enzyme activity of the respective reductase and enhanced enzyme products, tropine or pseudotropine. High pseudotropine led to an increased accumulation of calystegines in the roots. Strong expression of the tropine-forming reductase was accompanied by 3-fold more hyoscyamine and 5-fold more scopolamine compared with control roots, and calystegine levels were decreased by 30-90% of control. In some of the transformed root cultures, an increase of total tropane alkaloids was observed. Thus, transformation with cDNA of tropinone reductases successfully altered the ratio of tropine-derived alkaloids versus pseudotropine-derived alkaloids.

The evolution of hydrocarbons past the asymptotic giant branch: the case of MSX SMC 029

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pauly, Tyler; Sloan, Gregory C.; Kraemer, Kathleen E.; Bernard-Salas, Jeronimo; Lebouteiller, Vianney; Goes, Christopher; Barry, Donald

2015-01-01

We present an optimally extracted high-resolution spectrum of MSX SMC 029 obtained by the Infrared Spectrograph on the Spitzer Space Telescope. MSX SMC 029 is a carbon-rich object in the Small Magellanic Cloud that has evolved past the asymptotic giant branch (AGB). The spectrum reveals a cool carbon-rich dust continuum with emission from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and absorption from simpler hydrocarbons, both aliphatic and aromatic, including acetylene and benzene. The spectrum shows many similarities to the carbon-rich post-AGB objects SMP LMC 011 in the Large Magellanic Cloud and AFGL 618 in the Galaxy. Both of these objects also show infrared absorption features from simple hydrocarbons. All three spectra lack strong atomic emission lines in the infrared, indicating that we are observing the evolution of carbon-rich dust and free hydrocarbons in objects between the AGB and planetary nebulae. These three objects give us a unique view of the elusive phase when hydrocarbons exist both as relatively simple molecules and the much more complex and ubiquitous PAHs. We may be witnessing the assembly of amorphous carbon into PAHs.

In vitro corrosion study by EIS of a nickel-free stainless steel for orthopaedic applications.

PubMed

Rondelli, G; Torricelli, P; Fini, M; Giardino, R

2005-03-01

The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) technique was used for the study of the electrochemical behaviour of Ni-free austenitic stainless steel for orthopaedic applications. Experiments were carried out using four different test solutions: (i) phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), (ii) minimum essential medium (MEM), (iii) MEM + 10% fetal calf serum (FCS), (iv) MEM + 10% fetal calf serum + L929 fibroblast cell line (Cell). Bode-phase spectra showed the presence of two maxima and were fitted with an equivalent circuit characterized by two parallel combinations (Resistance, Constant Phase Element). The (R(1), CPE(1)) branch was assigned to the inner compact passive film and the (R(2), CPE(2)) branch to the external porous film. The resistance of the inner film R(1), here directly related to the material's uniform corrosion resistance, raised with the immersion time and increased in the following order: PBS

Regulation of intestinal health by branched-chain amino acids.

PubMed

Zhou, Hua; Yu, Bing; Gao, Jun; Htoo, John Khun; Chen, Daiwen

2018-01-01

Besides its primary role in the digestion and absorption of nutrients, the intestine also interacts with a complex external milieu, and is the first defense line against noxious pathogens and antigens. Dysfunction of the intestinal barrier is associated with enhanced intestinal permeability and development of various gastrointestinal diseases. The branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are important nutrients, which are the essential substrates for protein biosynthesis. Recently, emerging evidence showed that BCAAs are involved in maintaining intestinal barrier function. It has been reported that dietary supplementation with BCAAs promotes intestinal development, enhances enterocyte proliferation, increases intestinal absorption of amino acids (AA) and glucose, and improves the immune defenses of piglets. The underlying mechanism of these effects is mediated by regulating expression of genes and proteins associate with various signaling pathways. In addition, BCAAs promote the production of beneficial bacteria in the intestine of mice. Compelling evidence supports the notion that BCAAs play important roles in both nutrition and intestinal health. Therefore, as functional amino acids with various physiological effects, BCAAs hold key roles in promoting intestinal development and health in animals and humans. © 2017 Japanese Society of Animal Science.

Relations of surface-water quality to streamflow in the Raritan River basin, New Jersey, water years 1976-93

USGS Publications Warehouse

Buxton, Debra E.; Hunchak-Kariouk, Kathryn; Hickman, R. Edward

1999-01-01

Relations of water quality to streamflow were determined for 18 water-quality constituents at 21 surface-water stations within the drainage area of the Raritan River Basin for water years 1976-93. Surface-water-quality and streamflow data were evaluated for trends (through time) in constituent concentrations during high and low flows, and relations between constituent concentration and streamflow, and between constituent load and streamflow, were determined. Median concentrations were calculated for the entire period of study (water years 1976-93) and for the last 5 years of the period of study (water years 1989-93) to determine whether any large variation in concentration exists between the two periods. Medians also were used to determine the seasonal Kendall’s tau statistic, which was then used to evaluate trends in concentrations during high and low flows. Trends in constituent concentrations during high and low flows were evaluated to determine whether the distribution of the observations changes through time for intermittent (nonpoint storm runoff) or constant (point sources and ground water) sources, respectively. Highand low-flow trends in concentrations were determined for some constituents at 13 of the 21 water-quality stations; 8 stations have insufficient data to determine trends. Seasonal effects on the relations of concentration to streamflow are evident for 16 of the 18 constituents. Negative slopes of relations of concentration to streamflow, which indicate a decrease in concentration at high flows, predominate over positive slopes because of the dilution of instream concentrations by storm runoff. The slopes of the regression lines of load to streamflow were determined in order to show the relative contributions to the instream load from constant (point sources and ground water) and intermittent sources (storm runoff). Greater slope values indicate larger contributions from storm runoff to instream load, which most likely indicate an increased relative importance of nonpoint sources. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to increase in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of contributions from storm runoff. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations increase in the downstream direction for alkalinity at North Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers, for some or all of the nutrient species at South Branch and North Branch Raritan Rivers, for hardness at South Branch Raritan River, for dissolved solids at North Branch Raritan River, for dissolved sodium at Lamington River, and for suspended sediment and dissolved oxygen at Millstone River. Likewise, the slopes of load-tostreamflow relations along a stream reach that tend to decrease in a downstream direction indicate the increased relative importance of point sources and ground-water discharge. The slopes of load-to-streamflow relations decrease in the downstream direction for dissolved solids at Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved sodium, dissolved chloride, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, and total ammonia at South Branch Raritan, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for dissolved oxygen at North Branch Raritan and Lamington Rivers; for total nitrite at Lamington, Raritan, and Millstone Rivers; for total boron at South Branch Raritan and Millstone Rivers; for total organic carbon at North Branch Raritan River; for suspended sediment and total nitrogen at Raritan River; and for hardness, total phosphorus, and total lead at Millstone River.

Intron Definition and a Branch Site Adenosine at nt 385 Control RNA Splicing of HPV16 E6*I and E7 Expression

PubMed Central

Ajiro, Masahiko; Jia, Rong; Zhang, Lifang; Liu, Xuefeng; Zheng, Zhi-Ming

2012-01-01

HPV16 E6 and E7, two viral oncogenes, are expressed from a single bicistronic pre-mRNA. In this report, we provide the evidence that the bicistronic pre-mRNA intron 1 contains three 5′ splice sites (5′ ss) and three 3′ splice sites (3′ ss) normally used in HPV16+ cervical cancer and its derived cell lines. The choice of two novel alternative 5′ ss (nt 221 5′ ss and nt 191 5′ ss) produces two novel isoforms of E6E7 mRNAs (E6*V and E6*VI). The nt 226 5′ ss and nt 409 3′ ss is preferentially selected over the other splice sites crossing over the intron to excise a minimal length of the intron in RNA splicing. We identified AACAAAC as the preferred branch point sequence (BPS) and an adenosine at nt 385 (underlined) in the BPS as a branch site to dictate the selection of the nt 409 3′ ss for E6*I splicing and E7 expression. Introduction of point mutations into the mapped BPS led to reduced U2 binding to the BPS and thereby inhibition of the second step of E6E7 splicing at the nt 409 3′ ss. Importantly, the E6E7 bicistronic RNA with a mutant BPS and inefficient splicing makes little or no E7 and the resulted E6 with mutations of 91QYNK94 to 91PSFW94 displays attenuate activity on p53 degradation. Together, our data provide structural basis of the E6E7 intron 1 for better understanding of how viral E6 and E7 expression is regulated by alternative RNA splicing. This study elucidates for the first time a mapped branch point in HPV16 genome involved in viral oncogene expression. PMID:23056301

Branched Features on the Floor of Antoniadni Crater

NASA Image and Video Library

2009-05-06

In this image from the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE) camera on NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter, the dark branched features in the floor of Antoniadi Crater look like giant ferns, or fern casts. However, these ferns would be several miles in size and are composed of rough rocky materials. A more likely hypothesis is that this represents a channel network that now stands in inverted relief. The channels may have been lined or filled by indurated materials, making the channel fill more resistant to erosion by the wind than surrounding materials. After probably billions of years of wind erosion the resistant channels are now relatively high-standing. The material between the branched ridges has a fracture pattern and color similar to deposits elsewhere on Mars that are known to be rich in hydrated minerals such as clays. The inverted channels have short, stubby branches characteristic of formation by groundwater sapping. Spring water seeps into the channels and undercuts overlying layers, which collapse, so the channels grow headward. These images tell the story of an ancient wet environment on Mars, where life could have been possible. Ancient Martian life, if it existed, would most likely consist of microorganisms rather than giant tree ferns. This image, covering an area about 1 kilometer (0.6 mile) across, is a portion of the HiRISE observation catalogued as ESP_012435_2015, taken on March 22, 2009. The observation is centered at 21.4 degrees north latitude, 61.3 degrees east longitude. The image was taken at a local Mars time of 3:31 p.m. and the scene is illuminated from the west with a solar incidence angle of 66 degrees, thus the sun was about 24 degrees above the horizon. At a solar longitude of 232.1 degrees, the season on Mars is northern autumn. http://photojournal.jpl.nasa.gov/catalog/PIA12003

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hume, E.E. Jr.

The green line (5577[angstrom]) is a bright, persistent component of the visible airglow produced by an electric quadrupole transition from the meta-stable second excited state ([sup 1]S[sub 0]) to the first excited state ([sup 1]D[sub 2]) of atomic oxygen. In this thesis, production and loss mechanisms important to the F-region dayglow 5577[angstrom] emission are investigated. Four major source reactions need to be incorporated in the modeling of the emission profile, photoelectron impact on atomic oxygen, dissociative recombination of O[sup +][sub 2], quenching of N[sub 2](A[sup 3][Sigma][sub u][sup +]) by atomic oxygen, and photo-dissociation of O[sub 2]. For some of themore » reactions, the properties of the rate coefficients, branching ratios, and cross sections are not well known. Models are used to determine the rate coefficients, branching ratios, and cross sections for these reactions. The impact of photoelectrons on atomic oxygen is the primary source of 5577[angstrom] dayglow emission in the thermosphere. The quenching of N[sub 2](A) by atomic oxygen is an important source of the 5577[angstrom] emission at the peak in the layer. The total quenching rate was determined using a vibrational model and a band model for N[sub 2] to study emissions at 3371[angstrom] from the Atmosphere Explorer satellite. The value of the rate coefficient deduced here agrees well with experimental values by Piper and Caledonia (1981) and Thomas and Kaufman (1985). The effective branching ratio determined by this study tends to support the results from Piper (1982) and De Souza et al. (1985). The effect of the distribution of the vibrational population of the N[sub 2](A[sup 3][Sigma][sub u][sup +]) state on the branching ratio is also discussed. The extension of the dayglow photochemistry into the twilight is also investigated. The model developed for the dayglow can reasonably reproduce the rapidly changing twilight emissions.« less

Stem-Like Memory T Cells Are Discovered | Center for Cancer Research

Cancer.gov

T cells are the white blood cells that are the body’s first line of attack against foreign invaders.  When designing immunotherapies to treat cancer the goal is to prolong the immune response of T cells a bit beyond what the body normally does when a bacterium or a virus is encountered.   Nicholas P. Restifo, M.D., working with Luca Gattinoni, M.D., and other colleagues in CCR’s Surgery Branch recently discovered a subset within the human T cell population that may help clinicians to do just  this.

Schistura maculosa, a new species of loach (Teleostei: Nemacheilidae) from Mizoram, northeastern India.

PubMed

Lalronunga, Samuel; Lalnuntluanga; Lalramliana

2013-01-01

Schistura maculosa, a new species of loach, is described from Tuingo and Pharsih Rivers, tributaries of Tuivai River (Barak drainage) in Mizoram, northeastern India. It is distinguished from other closely related Schistura species in having an axillary pelvic lobe; an incomplete lateral line; 20-30 narrow black bars on the body; 3-4 rows of black spots horizontally across the dorsal-fin; a slightly emarginate caudal-fin, with 5-7 rows of black spots more or less regularly arranged vertically on rays across the fin, and 8+8 branched caudal-fin rays.

[Oral Anatomy.

PubMed

Abe, Shinichi

With regard to oral cavity, it is known that jaw bone morphology greatly changes with tooth loss. Therefore, it is necessary to consider the muscles attached to the jaw bone and the surrounding vessels and nerves, in connection with the jaw bone morphology after tooth loss. As an example, the height of the mandibular bone decreases to the position of the mylohyoid line after tooth loss. By this marked morphological change in the alveolar area, the lingual nerve and the lingual artery branches running in the sublingual area on the mandibular inner surface becomes located in the area almost the same as the alveolar crest.

Gas temperature measurements in deuterium hollow cathode glow discharge

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Majstorović, Gordana, E-mail: gordana.majstorovic@va.mod.gov.rs; Šišović, Nikola, E-mail: nikolas@ff.bg.ac.rs

2016-03-25

We report results of optical emission spectroscopy measurements of rotational T{sub rot} and translational (gas) temperature of deuterium molecules in a hollow cathode (HC) glow discharge. The rotational temperature of excited electronic state of D{sub 2} was determined from the intensity distribution in the rotational structure of Q branch of the two Fulcher-α diagonal bands: (ν’=ν”=2) and (ν’=ν”=3). The population of excited energy levels, determined from relative line intensities, was used to derive radial rotational temperature distributions as well as gas temperature distribution of deuterium molecule.

Flattening maps for the visualization of multibranched vessels.

PubMed

Zhu, Lei; Haker, Steven; Tannenbaum, Allen

2005-02-01

In this paper, we present two novel algorithms which produce flattened visualizations of branched physiological surfaces, such as vessels. The first approach is a conformal mapping algorithm based on the minimization of two Dirichlet functionals. From a triangulated representation of vessel surfaces, we show how the algorithm can be implemented using a finite element technique. The second method is an algorithm which adjusts the conformal mapping to produce a flattened representation of the original surface while preserving areas. This approach employs the theory of optimal mass transport. Furthermore, a new way of extracting center lines for vessel fly-throughs is provided.

Harmonic Skeleton Guided Evaluation of Stenoses in Human Coronary Arteries

PubMed Central

Yang, Yan; Zhu, Lei; Haker, Steven; Tannenbaum, Allen R.; Giddens, Don P.

2013-01-01

This paper presents a novel approach that three-dimensionally visualizes and evaluates stenoses in human coronary arteries by using harmonic skeletons. A harmonic skeleton is the center line of a multi-branched tubular surface extracted based on a harmonic function, which is the solution of the Laplace equation. This skeletonization method guarantees smoothness and connectivity and provides a fast and straightforward way to calculate local cross-sectional areas of the arteries, and thus provides the possibility to localize and evaluate coronary artery stenosis, which is a commonly seen pathology in coronary artery disease. PMID:16685882