Homeland Security Vulnerabilities Of The US National Capital Region’s Bridges

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-06-10

THE HOMELAND SECURITY VULNERABILITIES OF THE US NATIONAL CAPITAL REGION’S BRIDGES A thesis presented to the Faculty of the U.S...AUG 2015 – JUNE 2016 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE The Homeland Security Vulnerabilities of the US National Capital Region’s Bridges 5a. CONTRACT...degradation as the rest of the United States. The ground transportation infrastructure, especially the bridges , in the NCR presents an interesting case

Cangrelor use prior to left ventricular assist device surgery: a case series.

PubMed

Washam, Jeffrey B; Yerokun, Babatunde; Patel, Chetan B; Welsby, Ian J; Milano, Carmelo A; DeVore, Adam D

2018-06-02

Bleeding frequently occurs in patients undergoing placement of a left ventricular assist device (LVAD). Clinical factors that have been identified as contributing to peri-procedural bleeding include LVAD implantation after an acute myocardial infarction and preoperative use of antiplatelet agents. In this report, we describe the use of cangrelor for preoperative antiplatelet bridging to LVAD in five post myocardial infarction patients with cardiogenic shock that had recently undergone percutaneous coronary intervention. During the cangrelor bridging period, no cases of thrombotic or major bleeding events occurred. During the first week following LVAD implantation, two patients experienced a major bleeding (each case required chest exploration for suspected hemorrhage). To our knowledge, this is the first series describing cangrelor use for antiplatelet bridging in patients undergoing LVAD implantation. While this series suggest cangrelor could possibly be a safe and effective antiplatelet bridging strategy, further research is needed to identify the optimal antithrombotic strategy in cardiogenic shock patients undergoing LVAD implantation who have recently undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention.

Recent trends in preservative treatments for timber bridges

Treesearch

James P. Wacker

2004-01-01

An overview of wood preservatives currently used for timber bridges is presented through a series of case studies from different regions of the United States. New wood species and preservative treatment options for timber bridges have made choosing the appropriate preservative more complicated. The compatibility of wood species and preservative treatment is often...

Dynamic properties of stay cables on the Penobscot Narrows bridge.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

Cable-stayed bridges have been recognized as the most efficient and cost effective structural form for medium to long : span bridges over the past several decades. With their widespread use, cases of serviceability problems associated with : large am...

Debris mitigation methods for bridge piers : tech transfer summary.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-06-01

Problem statement: Debris accumulation on bridge piers is an on-going national problem that can obstruct waterway openings at bridges and also result in significant erosion of stream banks and scour at abutments and piers. : In some cases, debris acc...

Heparin bridge therapy and post-polypectomy bleeding.

PubMed

Kubo, Toshiyuki; Yamashita, Kentaro; Onodera, Kei; Iida, Tomoya; Arimura, Yoshiaki; Nojima, Masanori; Nakase, Hiroshi

2016-12-07

To identify risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB), focusing on antithrombotic agents. This was a case-control study based on medical records at a single center. PPB was defined as bleeding that occurred 6 h to 10 d after colonoscopic polypectomy and required endoscopic hemostasis. As risk factors for PPB, patient-related factors including anticoagulants, antiplatelets and heparin bridge therapy as well as polyp- and procedure-related factors were evaluated. All colonoscopic hot polypectomies, endoscopic mucosal resections and endoscopic submucosal dissections performed between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed. PPB occurred in 29 (3.7%) of 788 polypectomies performed during the study period. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents were prescribed for 210 (26.6%) patients and were ceased before polypectomy except for aspirin and cilostazol in 19 cases. Bridging therapy using intravenous unfractionated heparin was adopted for 73 patients. The univariate analysis revealed that anticoagulants, heparin bridge, and anticoagulants plus heparin bridge were significantly associated with PPB ( P < 0.0001) whereas antiplatelets and antiplatelets plus heparin were not. None of the other factors including age, gender, location, size, shape, number of resected polyps, prophylactic clipping and resection method were correlated with PPB. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that anticoagulants and anticoagulants plus heparin bridge therapy were significant risk factors for PPB ( P < 0.0001). Of the 29 PPB cases, 4 required transfusions and none required surgery. A thromboembolic event occurred in a patient who took anticoagulant. Patients taking anticoagulants have an increased risk of PPB, even if the anticoagulants are interrupted before polypectomy. Heparin-bridge therapy might be responsible for the increased PPB in patients taking anticoagulants.

A Bridge to a Smart Start: A Case Study of Northampton Community College's Summer Bridge Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sparrow, Michael J.

2017-01-01

This study sought to understand how and why Northampton Community College's Summer Bridge program--The Smart Start program--is highly successful at helping "at-risk" students transition to college-level work. For ten years, the Smart Start program has helped more than 150 incoming students acclimate to college, persist, and graduate…

Field investigations of historic covered timber bridges in the USA

Treesearch

James Wacker; Travis Hosteng; Brent Phares

2012-01-01

The Federal Highway Administration is sponsoring a comprehensive research program on Historic Covered Timber Bridges in the USA. This national program's main purpose is to develop improved methods to preserve, rehabililate, and restore the timber bridge trusses that were developed during the early 1800s, and in many cases are still in service today. The overall...

The Case for Summer Bridge: Building Social and Cultural Capital for Talented Black STEM Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stolle-McAllister, Kathleen

2011-01-01

This study uses focus groups to examine the importance of a pre-college summer bridge program for highly talented black students in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM). Longitudinal data were collected from 134 participants who identified three aspects of Summer Bridge that were particularly helpful: academic, social, and…

Demonstration of load rating capabilities through physical load testing : Sioux County bridge case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this work, Pilot Project - Demonstration of Capabilities and Benefits of Bridge Load Rating through Physical Testing, was to demonstrate the capabilities for load testing and rating bridges in Iowa, study the economic benefit of perf...

Demonstration of load rating capabilities through physical load testing : Ida County bridge case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this work, Pilot Project - Demonstration of Capabilities and Benefits of Bridge Load Rating through Physical Testing, was to demonstrate the capabilities for load testing and rating bridges in Iowa, study the economic benefit of perf...

Demonstration of load rating capabilities through physical load testing : Johnson County bridge case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2013-08-01

The objective of this work, Pilot Project - Demonstration of Capabilities and Benefits of Bridge Load Rating through Physical Testing, was to demonstrate the capabilities for load testing and rating bridges in Iowa, study the economic benefit of perf...

6. East portal of Bridge Number 210.52, contextual view to ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

6. East portal of Bridge Number 210.52, contextual view to east, 210mm lens. This structure underscores the inconsistencies with the railroad's use of 'east' and 'west' as opposed to actual direction; in this case the railroad 'east' end of the bridge faces actual west. - Southern Pacific Railroad Shasta Route, Bridge No. 210.52, Milepost 210.52, Tehama, Tehama County, CA

Heparin bridge therapy and post-polypectomy bleeding

PubMed Central

Kubo, Toshiyuki; Yamashita, Kentaro; Onodera, Kei; Iida, Tomoya; Arimura, Yoshiaki; Nojima, Masanori; Nakase, Hiroshi

2016-01-01

AIM To identify risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB), focusing on antithrombotic agents. METHODS This was a case-control study based on medical records at a single center. PPB was defined as bleeding that occurred 6 h to 10 d after colonoscopic polypectomy and required endoscopic hemostasis. As risk factors for PPB, patient-related factors including anticoagulants, antiplatelets and heparin bridge therapy as well as polyp- and procedure-related factors were evaluated. All colonoscopic hot polypectomies, endoscopic mucosal resections and endoscopic submucosal dissections performed between January 2011 and December 2014 were reviewed. RESULTS PPB occurred in 29 (3.7%) of 788 polypectomies performed during the study period. Antiplatelet or anticoagulant agents were prescribed for 210 (26.6%) patients and were ceased before polypectomy except for aspirin and cilostazol in 19 cases. Bridging therapy using intravenous unfractionated heparin was adopted for 73 patients. The univariate analysis revealed that anticoagulants, heparin bridge, and anticoagulants plus heparin bridge were significantly associated with PPB (P < 0.0001) whereas antiplatelets and antiplatelets plus heparin were not. None of the other factors including age, gender, location, size, shape, number of resected polyps, prophylactic clipping and resection method were correlated with PPB. The multivariate analysis demonstrated that anticoagulants and anticoagulants plus heparin bridge therapy were significant risk factors for PPB (P < 0.0001). Of the 29 PPB cases, 4 required transfusions and none required surgery. A thromboembolic event occurred in a patient who took anticoagulant. CONCLUSION Patients taking anticoagulants have an increased risk of PPB, even if the anticoagulants are interrupted before polypectomy. Heparin-bridge therapy might be responsible for the increased PPB in patients taking anticoagulants. PMID:28018108

Static testing of a bridge using an interferometric radar: the case study of "Ponte degli Alpini," Belluno, Italy.

PubMed

Dei, Devis; Mecatti, Daniele; Pieraccini, Massimiliano

2013-01-01

Ground-based radar interferometry is an increasingly popular technique for monitoring civil infrastructures. In this paper, the static testing of a bridge is reported. It was an 8-span bridge, 297 m long, named "Ponte degli Alpini," crossing the valley of the Ardo River. The radar has been used for testing a lateral span and a central span. The obtained results present elements of novelty not previously reported in the literature. In fact, some displacement measurements of the lateral span have been affected by a horizontal shift that has to be taken into account for a correct interpretation of the measured data. Furthermore, the measurements of the central span have been carried out with the radar positioned transversally with respect to the bridge deck; this unusual arrangement has allowed for obtaining displacement maps less geometrically distorted with respect to other cases reported in the literature.

Field testing and structural analysis of Burr arch covered bridges in Pennsylvania

Treesearch

Douglas Rammer; James Wacker; Travis Hosteng; Justin Dahlberg; Yaohua Deng

2016-01-01

The Federal Highway Administration sponsored a comprehensive research program on Historic Covered Timber Bridges in the USA. This national program's main purpose is to develop improved methods to preserve, rehabilitate, and restore timber bridge trusses that were developed during the early 1800s and, in many cases, are still in service today. One of the many...

Evaluation of Erection Procedures of the Horizontally Curved Steel I-Girder Ford City Veterans Bridge

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2002-03-06

In the case of horizontally steel curved I-girder bridges, it is important to carefully analyze the erection sequence of the superstructure so as to ensure that difficulties do not arise in the field during construction of the bridge. Generally, prob...

Constitutive and numerical modeling of soil and soil-pile interaction for 3D applications and Kealakaha stream bridge case study.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2011-12-01

This study is concerned with developing new modeling tools for predicting the response of the new Kealakaha : Stream Bridge to static and dynamic loads, including seismic shaking. The bridge will span 220 meters, with the : deck structure being curve...

Learning Bridge Tool to Improve Student Learning, Preceptor Training, and Faculty Teamwork

PubMed Central

Cawley, Pauline; Arendt, Cassandra S.

2011-01-01

Objectives To implement a Learning Bridge tool to improve educational outcomes for pharmacy students as well as for preceptors and faculty members. Design Pharmacy faculty members collaborated to write 9 case-based assignments that first-year pharmacy (P1) students worked with preceptors to complete while at experiential sites. Assessment Students, faculty members, and preceptors were surveyed about their perceptions of the Learning Bridge process. As in our pilot study,1 the Learning Bridge process promoted student learning. Additionally, the Learning Bridge assignments familiarized preceptors with the school's P1 curriculum and its content. Faculty teamwork also was increased through collaborating on the assignments. Conclusions The Learning Bridge assignments provided a compelling learning environment and benefited students, preceptors, and faculty members. PMID:21655400

Learning bridge tool to improve student learning, preceptor training, and faculty teamwork.

PubMed

Karimi, Reza; Cawley, Pauline; Arendt, Cassandra S

2011-04-11

To implement a Learning Bridge tool to improve educational outcomes for pharmacy students as well as for preceptors and faculty members. Pharmacy faculty members collaborated to write 9 case-based assignments that first-year pharmacy (P1) students worked with preceptors to complete while at experiential sites. Students, faculty members, and preceptors were surveyed about their perceptions of the Learning Bridge process. As in our pilot study,(1) the Learning Bridge process promoted student learning. Additionally, the Learning Bridge assignments familiarized preceptors with the school's P1 curriculum and its content. Faculty teamwork also was increased through collaborating on the assignments. The Learning Bridge assignments provided a compelling learning environment and benefited students, preceptors, and faculty members.

Suicides by Jumping Off Istanbul Bridges Linking Asia and Europe.

PubMed

Yurtseven, Ayşe; Üzün, İbrahim; Arslan, Murat Nihat

2017-06-01

The aim of this study was to determine the injury spectrum and characteristics of people who committed suicide by jumping into water from the July 15th Martyrs Bridge and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridges in Istanbul, Turkey. This study included all of the jumpers from the July 15th Martyrs Bridge and Fatih Sultan Mehmet Bridge who were autopsied by the Council of Forensic Medicine, Istanbul Morgue Department, between 2000 and 2013. All of the data were collected from archived case files. Trauma scores were calculated from the traumatic findings of the autopsy reports using the New Injury Severity Score (NISS). A total of 80 jumping suicides were identified. The male-to-female ratio was 9:1, and the mean age was 34.06 ± 9.6 years. Most suicides occurred in 2009. The suicide rates were higher in the winter, particularly in December. The most frequent injuries were skin lesions, rib fractures, and lung lacerations. In 12% of the cases, the trauma was minor (NISS range, 0-14; mean, 7 ± 5.67), and in 88% of the cases, it was major (NISS range, 17-66; mean NISS, 44.5 ± 12.46). The sociodemographic features of the jumpers who committed suicide were quite similar to those reported in previous studies. Preventative measures (installation of barriers or banning pedestrian access to bridges) reduced the suicide rate but were not completely effective. Establishing early warning systems and rescue strategies could save the lives of jumpers who have minor trauma.

A 12-year National Study of Suicide by Jumping From Bridges in Norway.

PubMed

Sæheim, Aleksandra; Hestetun, Ingebjørg; Mork, Erlend; Nrugham, Latha; Mehlum, Lars

2017-01-01

Studies from several countries suggest that erecting fences on bridges more commonly used for suicide by jumping may be an effective way of reducing the risk of suicide by jumping from these bridges. Distribution of suicides by jumping off bridges has not yet been studied on a national level in any country. This study included all suicides by jumping from high places registered in the Norwegian Cause of Death Registry (COD) in the period 1999-2010 (n = 319). Combining data from the COD registry and information from police records, 71 cases of suicide by jumping off a bridge were identified involving 36 bridges. This form of suicide constituted approximately 1% of all suicides in Norway in the period 1999-2010. Almost half of these suicides were registered at only 6 bridges. Three Norwegian bridges were secured during the observation period of this study. Two bridges had barriers installed on the full length of the bridge with 11 suicides registered before barriers were installed, and none after. On the 1 bridge that was only partially secured, no change in numbers of suicides was observed after barriers were installed. One-third of jumps from bridges occurred over land. We found that although suicide by jumping off bridges was a relatively rare event, there is a potential for saving lives by installing physical barriers on bridges that are more commonly used for suicide by jumping.

Wireless sensing system for bridge condition assessment and health monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gangone, Michael V.; Whelan, Matthew J.; Janoyan, Kerop D.

2009-03-01

Discussed in this paper is the deployment of a universal and low-cost dense wireless sensor system for structural monitoring, load rating and condition assessment of bridges. The wireless sensor system developed is designed specifically for diagnostic bridge monitoring, providing independent conditioning for both accelerometers and strain transducers in addition to high-rate wireless data transmission. The system was field deployed on a three span simply supported bridge superstructure, where strain and acceleration measurements were obtained simultaneously and in realtime at critical locations under several loading conditions, providing reliable quantitative information as to the actual performance level of the bridge. Monitoring was also conducted as the bridge was subjected to various controlled damage scenarios on the final day of testing. Select cases of detected damage using strain and modal based analysis are presented.

An overview of traffic monitoring programs in large urban areas

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2008-08-01

This report is intended to assist transportation and environmental professionals in the event of a bridge collapse or similar emergency. It analyzes the environmental review process in five cases of bridge reconstruction following collapse in Florida...

Skin bridging secondary to ingrown toenail

PubMed Central

Dadaci, Mehmet; Ince, Bilsev; Altuntas, Zeynep; Kamburoglu, Haldun Onuralp; Bitik, Ozan

2014-01-01

Ingrown toenails are painful conditions that especially affect young people and may become chronic if not treated. We describe a case of chronically inflamed ingrown toenail left untreated for three years. In the physical examination, skin bridging and epithelialization was observed in midline secondary to soft tissue hypertrophy of the lateral nail matrixes. Epithelized fibrous tissue was cut across the lateral nail matrix and left for secondary healing. Partial matrixectomy was applied and the remnants were cauterized in compliance with the Winograd procedure after removal of the nail. Our case is an advanced condition which is the second report in the literature. Skin bridging secondary to excess soft tissue hypertrophy can be observed in untreated bilateral Heinfert or Frost stage 3 ingrown nails. This rare case can be classified as advanced stage 3 disease or stage 4. PMID:25674152

Finite element, modal co-ordinate analysis of structures subjected to moving loads

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Olsson, M.

1985-03-01

Some of the possibilities of the finite element method in the moving load problem are demonstrated. The bridge-vehicle interaction phenomenon is considered by deriving a general bridge-vehicle element which is believed to be novel. This element may be regarded as a finite element with time-dependent and unsymmetric element matrices. The bridge response is formulated in modal co-ordinates thereby reducing the number of equations to be solved within each time step. Illustrative examples are shown for the special case of a beam bridge model and a one-axle vehicle model.

ESBRI: a web server for evaluating salt bridges in proteins.

PubMed

Costantini, Susan; Colonna, Giovanni; Facchiano, Angelo M

2008-01-01

Salt bridges can play important roles in protein structure and function and have stabilizing and destabilizing effects in protein folding. ESBRI is a software available as web tool which analyses the salt bridges in a protein structure, starting from the atomic coordinates. In the case of protein complexes, the salt bridges between protein chains can be evaluated, as well as those among specific charged amino acids and the different protein subunits, in order to obtain useful information regard the protein-protein interaction. The service is available at the URL: http://bioinformatica.isa.cnr.it/ESBRI/

CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge: Two Institutional Networks Increasing Diversity in Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Impey, Chris David; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A.

2016-01-01

We describe two programs, CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, leading to an increase in their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field.In 6 years, the CAMPARE program has sent 62 students, >85% from underrepresented groups, to conduct summer research at one of twelve major research institutions in California, Arizona, and Wyoming. The graduation rate among CAMPARE scholars is 97%, and of the 37 CAMPARE scholars who have graduated with a Bachelor's degree, almost 60% (21) have completed or are pursuing graduate education in astronomy or a related field, at institutions including UCLA, USC, UC Riverside, Stanford, Univ. of Rochester, Georgia Tech, Kent State, Indiana Univ., Univ. of Oregon, Syracuse, and the Fisk-Vanderbilt Master's-to-PhD program. The Cal-Bridge program is a CSU-UC Bridge program comprised of faculty form 5 University of California (UC), 8 California State University (CSU), and 8 California Community College (CCC) campuses in Southern California. Cal-Bridge provides much deeper mentoring and professional development experiences over the last two years of undergraduate and first year of graduate school to students from this diverse network of higher education institutions. Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses.

GPS for structural health monitoring - case study on the Basarab overpass cable-stayed bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lepadatu, Alexandru; Tiberius, Christian

2014-04-01

The Basarab cable-stayed bridge is a newly built structure in Bucharest, Romania, which was inaugurated in June 2011. Before the oficial opening, in order to assure its qualification for trafic, it had to pass several loading tests with convoys of trucks and trams. For this, besides a priori evaluation using the Finite Element Method (FEM), levelling and acceleration measurements were made to identify vertical displacements, as well as vibration frequencies of the bridge. The three-day loading trial of the bridge represented a good opportunity for setting-up a GPS campaign for structural monitoring of the Basarab bridge. Taking advantage of the redundancy obtained via simultaneous multi-sensor measurements, it was possible to compare and validate the GPS estimated displacements with both FEM and levelling. Moreover, the dynamic behaviour of the bridge during a dynamic loading test was evaluated using a 20 Hz GPS observation rate and validated afterwards with vibration frequency estimates from acceleration time series. Along with simulations (FEM) and laboratory tests, the in situ monitoring of a structure has a particular importance in establishing the safety of a newly-built structure. Furthermore, in some cases permanent monitoring is needed for safety and economic reasons, especially for strategic structures such as dams and bridges. GPS technology can satisfy this request due to its real-time processing capability and thus it can be looked upon as a new and promising tool for dynamic evaluation of engineering structures. In this contribution we have also assessed the performance of GPS with regard to accuracy and false alarm probability demands for the continuous monitoring of the Basarab cable-stayed bridge.

Observations on the bony bridging of the jugular foramen in man.

PubMed

Dodo, Y

1986-02-01

The anatomical nature and pattern of incidence of bony bridging of the jugular foramen was investigated using 64 fetal crania aged nine months to term and 222 adult crania of Japanese. In addition, the region of the jugular foramen of an adult cadaver was carefully dissected in order to clarify the relationship between the cranial nerves passing through the jugular foramen and the intrajugular processes of the jugular foramen. The general conclusions concerning the anatomical nature of the bony bridging of the jugular foramen were as follows. (1) The intrajugular process of the temporal bone is situated posterior to the triangular depression (as described in Gray's Anatomy) of the petrous part. (2) The bony bridging of the jugular foramen is established by the contact of the intrajugular process of the temporal bone with the bony process of the occipital bone projecting either from just above the hypoglossal canal (Type I) or from posterior to the hypoglossal canal (Type III). (3) If both the processes of the occipital bone reach the intrajugular process of the temporal bone simultaneously, the jugular foramen is divided into three compartments. (4) In the case of Type I bridging, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, while the posterolateral compartment gives passage to the vagus nerve, the accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein. (5) In the case of Type II bridging, the anteromedial compartment contains the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. (6) When tripartite division of the jugular foramen occurs, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, the middle compartment contains the vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. Concerning the pattern of incidence of jugular foramen bridging in the Japanese fetal and adult cranial series, this is similar to that of the bony bridging of the hypoglossal canal. The fact that almost all the cases of bridging of the jugular foramen are already established by the end of fetal development must serve as a strong indication that this trait can be used effectively for anthropological population studies.

Lateral dynamic interaction analysis of a train girder pier system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Xia, H.; Guo, W. W.; Wu, X.; Pi, Y. L.; Bradford, M. A.

2008-12-01

A dynamic model of a coupled train-girder-pier system is developed in this paper. Each vehicle in a train is modeled with 27 degrees-of-freedom for a 4-axle passenger coach or freight car, and 31 for a 6-axle locomotive. The bridge model is applicable to straight and curved bridges. The centrifugal forces of moving vehicles on curved bridges are considered in both the vehicle model and the bridge model. The dynamic interaction between the bridge and train is realized through an assumed wheel-hunting movement. A case study is performed for a test train traversing two straight and two curved multi-span bridges with high piers. The histories of the train traversing the bridges are simulated and the dynamic responses of the piers and the train vehicles are calculated. A field experiment is carried out to verify the results of the analysis, by which the lateral resonant train speed inducing the peak pier-top amplitudes and some other observations are validated.

Optimization of Rib-to-Deck Welds for Steel Orthotropic Bridge Decks

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-02-01

Orthotropic steel decks have been widely used over the decades, especially on long-span bridges as a result of their lightweight and fast construction. However, fatigue cracking problems have been observed in the welds in many cases because of wheel ...

Wind tunnel investigations of an inclined stay cable with a helical fillet.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-09-01

Cable-stayed bridges have been recognized as the most efficient and cost effective structural form for medium-to-long-span bridges over the past several decades. With their widespread use, cases of serviceability problems associated : with large ampl...

Assessment of modal-pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of ordinary standard bridges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kalkan, E.; Kwong, N.

2012-01-01

The earthquake engineering profession is increasingly utilizing nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) to evaluate seismic performance of existing structures and proposed designs of new structures. One of the main ingredients of nonlinear RHA is a set of ground motion records representing the expected hazard environment for the structure. When recorded motions do not exist (as is the case in the central United States) or when high-intensity records are needed (as is the case in San Francisco and Los Angeles), ground motions from other tectonically similar regions need to be selected and scaled. The modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure was recently developed to determine scale factors for a small number of records such that the scaled records provide accurate and efficient estimates of “true” median structural responses. The adjective “accurate” refers to the discrepancy between the benchmark responses and those computed from the MPS procedure. The adjective “efficient” refers to the record-to-record variability of responses. In this paper, the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are evaluated by applying it to four types of existing Ordinary Standard bridges typical of reinforced concrete bridge construction in California. These bridges are the single-bent overpass, multi-span bridge, curved bridge, and skew bridge. As compared with benchmark analyses of unscaled records using a larger catalog of ground motions, it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided an accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the EDPs. Thus, it is a useful tool for scaling ground motions as input to nonlinear RHAs of Ordinary Standard bridges.

Documentation for assessment of modal pushover-based scaling procedure for nonlinear response history analysis of "ordinary standard" bridges

USGS Publications Warehouse

Kalkan, Erol; Kwong, Neal S.

2010-01-01

The earthquake engineering profession is increasingly utilizing nonlinear response history analyses (RHA) to evaluate seismic performance of existing structures and proposed designs of new structures. One of the main ingredients of nonlinear RHA is a set of ground-motion records representing the expected hazard environment for the structure. When recorded motions do not exist (as is the case for the central United States), or when high-intensity records are needed (as is the case for San Francisco and Los Angeles), ground motions from other tectonically similar regions need to be selected and scaled. The modal-pushover-based scaling (MPS) procedure recently was developed to determine scale factors for a small number of records, such that the scaled records provide accurate and efficient estimates of 'true' median structural responses. The adjective 'accurate' refers to the discrepancy between the benchmark responses and those computed from the MPS procedure. The adjective 'efficient' refers to the record-to-record variability of responses. Herein, the accuracy and efficiency of the MPS procedure are evaluated by applying it to four types of existing 'ordinary standard' bridges typical of reinforced-concrete bridge construction in California. These bridges are the single-bent overpass, multi span bridge, curved-bridge, and skew-bridge. As compared to benchmark analyses of unscaled records using a larger catalog of ground motions, it is demonstrated that the MPS procedure provided an accurate estimate of the engineering demand parameters (EDPs) accompanied by significantly reduced record-to-record variability of the responses. Thus, the MPS procedure is a useful tool for scaling ground motions as input to nonlinear RHAs of 'ordinary standard' bridges.

A case study of three methods used in detecting bridge deck deterioration associated with spalling.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1973-01-01

The three most widely used current methods for detecting deterioration of concrete bridge decks associated with spalling were compared with a visual inspection of the reinforcing steel and to each other in order to determine the degree of agreement a...

Hydraulic modeling of flow impact on bridge structures: a case study on Citarum bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Siregar, R. I.

2018-02-01

Flood waves because of the rapid catchment response to high intense rainfall, breaches of flood defenses may induce huge impact forces on structures, causing structural damage or even failures. Overflowing stream that passes over the bridge, it means to discharge flood water level is smaller than the capacity of the river flow. In this study, the researches present the methodological approach of flood modeling on bridge structures. The amount of force that obtained because of the hydrostatic pressure received by the bridge at the time of the flood caused the bridge structure disrupted. This paper presents simulation of flow impact on bridge structures with some event flood conditions. Estimating the hydrostatic pressure developed new model components, to quantify the flow impact on structures. Flow parameters applied the model for analyzing, such as discharge, velocity, and water level or head that effect of bridge structures. The simulation will illustrate the capability of bridge structures with some event flood river and observe the behavior of the flow that occurred during the flood. Hydraulic flood modeling use HEC-RAS for simulation. This modeling will describe the impact on bridge structures. Based on the above modelling resulted, in 2008 has flood effect more than other years on the Citarum Bridge, because its flow overflow on the bridge.

Investigation of the Stability of a Two-Span Bridge with the use of a High-Precision Laser Displacement Sensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Poddaeva, O.; Churin, P.; Fedosova, A.; Truhanov, S.

2018-03-01

Studies of aerodynamics of bridge structures are an actual problem. Such attention is paid to the study of wind influence on bridge structures not at all by chance; a large number of cases of loss of stability of such structures are known under the influence of wind up to their complete destruction. The development of non-contact systems of measuring equipment allows solving this problem with a high level of accuracy and reliability. This article presents the results of experimental studies of wind impact on a two-span bridge using specialized measuring system based on high-precision laser displacement sensors.

CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge: Two Institutional Networks Increasing Diversity in Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A.

2017-01-01

We describe two programs, CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, creating a national impact on their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field.In 7 years, the CAMPARE program has sent 80 students, >80% from underrepresented groups, to conduct summer research at one of 14 major research institutions throughout the country. The graduation rate among CAMPARE scholars is 98%, and of the CAMPARE scholars who have graduated with a Bachelor’s degree, more than 60% have completed or are pursuing graduate education in astronomy or a related field, at institutions including UCLA, UC Riverside, UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara, USC, Stanford, Univ. of Arizona, Univ. of Washington, and the Fisk-Vanderbilt Master’s-to-PhD program.Now entering its third year, the Cal-Bridge program is a CSU-UC Bridge program comprised of over 75 physics and astronomy faculty from 5 University of California (UC), 9 California State University (CSU), and 14 California Community College (CCC) campuses in Southern California. In the first three years, 22 Cal-Bridge Scholars have been selected, including 11 Hispanic, 3 African-American and 8 female students, 5 of whom are from URM groups. Nineteen (19) of the 22 Cal-Bridge Scholars are first-generation college students. The entire first cohort of 4 Cal-Bridge scholars was accepted to one or more PhD programs in astronomy or physics, including UC Irvine, UC Santa Cruz, UC Davis, Michigan State, and Georgia State Universities. The second cohort of 8 Cal-Bridge scholars is applying to graduate schools this fall.Cal-Bridge provides much deeper mentoring and professional development experiences over the last two years of undergraduate and first year of graduate school to students from this diverse network of higher education institutions. Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from substantial financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses.

Vehicle Signal Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks for a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System

PubMed Central

Kim, Sungkon; Lee, Jungwhee; Park, Min-Seok; Jo, Byung-Wan

2009-01-01

This paper describes the procedures for development of signal analysis algorithms using artificial neural networks for Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems. Through the analysis procedure, the extraction of information concerning heavy traffic vehicles such as weight, speed, and number of axles from the time domain strain data of the B-WIM system was attempted. As one of the several possible pattern recognition techniques, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed since it could effectively include dynamic effects and bridge-vehicle interactions. A number of vehicle traveling experiments with sufficient load cases were executed on two different types of bridges, a simply supported pre-stressed concrete girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. Different types of WIM systems such as high-speed WIM or low-speed WIM were also utilized during the experiments for cross-checking and to validate the performance of the developed algorithms. PMID:22408487

Vehicle Signal Analysis Using Artificial Neural Networks for a Bridge Weigh-in-Motion System.

PubMed

Kim, Sungkon; Lee, Jungwhee; Park, Min-Seok; Jo, Byung-Wan

2009-01-01

This paper describes the procedures for development of signal analysis algorithms using artificial neural networks for Bridge Weigh-in-Motion (B-WIM) systems. Through the analysis procedure, the extraction of information concerning heavy traffic vehicles such as weight, speed, and number of axles from the time domain strain data of the B-WIM system was attempted. As one of the several possible pattern recognition techniques, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN) was employed since it could effectively include dynamic effects and bridge-vehicle interactions. A number of vehicle traveling experiments with sufficient load cases were executed on two different types of bridges, a simply supported pre-stressed concrete girder bridge and a cable-stayed bridge. Different types of WIM systems such as high-speed WIM or low-speed WIM were also utilized during the experiments for cross-checking and to validate the performance of the developed algorithms.

Dynamic Load on Continuous Multi-Lane Bridge Deck from Moving Vehicles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ZHU, X. Q.; LAW, S. S.

2002-04-01

The dynamic loading on a multi-lane continuous bridge deck due to vehicles moving on top at a constant velocity is investigated. The bridge is modelled as a multi-span continuous orthotropic rectangular plate with line rigid intermediate supports. The vehicle is simulated as a two-axle three-dimensional vehicle model with seven degrees of freedom according to the H20-44 vehicle design loading (AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications 1998 American Association of State Highway and Transportation Officials [1]). The dynamic behavior of the bridge deck under single and several vehicles moving in different lanes is analyzed using the orthotropic plate theory and modal superposition technique. The dynamic loading is studied in terms of the dynamic impact factor of the bridge deck. The impact factor is found varying in an opposite trend as the dynamic responses for the different loading cases under study.

Bone bridge formation across the neuroforamen 14 years after instrumented fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis—a case report

PubMed Central

Lim, Joel Louis; Tan, Kimberly-Anne

2017-01-01

This case report describes the first case of a bone bridge formation across the left L5/S1 neuroforamen after instrumented posterolateral fusion for L5/S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Our patient was a 70-year-old lady who had grade 2, L5/S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis and bilateral S1 nerve root compression. She suffered from mechanical low back pain and neurogenic claudication, with radicular pain over both S1 dermatomes. She underwent in-situ, instrumented, posterolateral fusion and was asymptomatic for more than 13 years before developing progressive onset of left radicular pain over the L5 dermatome. Imaging revealed a bisected left L5/S1 neuroforamen secondary to a bone bridge formation resulting in stenosis. The pars defect in this case may have had sufficient osteogenic and osteoinductive factors to heal following spinal stabilization. Although in-situ posterolateral fusion is an accepted surgical treatment for isthmic spondylolisthesis, surgeons should consider reduction of the spondylolisthesis and excision of the pars defects to avoid this possible long-term complication. PMID:28435923

Bone bridge formation across the neuroforamen 14 years after instrumented fusion for isthmic spondylolisthesis-a case report.

PubMed

Lim, Joel Louis; Tan, Kimberly-Anne; Hey, Hwee Weng Dennis

2017-03-01

This case report describes the first case of a bone bridge formation across the left L5/S1 neuroforamen after instrumented posterolateral fusion for L5/S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis. Our patient was a 70-year-old lady who had grade 2, L5/S1 isthmic spondylolisthesis and bilateral S1 nerve root compression. She suffered from mechanical low back pain and neurogenic claudication, with radicular pain over both S1 dermatomes. She underwent in-situ, instrumented, posterolateral fusion and was asymptomatic for more than 13 years before developing progressive onset of left radicular pain over the L5 dermatome. Imaging revealed a bisected left L5/S1 neuroforamen secondary to a bone bridge formation resulting in stenosis. The pars defect in this case may have had sufficient osteogenic and osteoinductive factors to heal following spinal stabilization. Although in-situ posterolateral fusion is an accepted surgical treatment for isthmic spondylolisthesis, surgeons should consider reduction of the spondylolisthesis and excision of the pars defects to avoid this possible long-term complication.

Issues in Designing Tutors for Games of Incomplete Information: a Bridge Case Study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kemp, Ray; McKenzie, Ben; Kemp, Elizabeth

There are a number of commercial packages for playing the game of bridge, and even more papers on possible techniques for improving the quality of such systems. We examine some of the AI techniques that have proved successful for implementing bridge playing systems and discuss how they might be adapted for teaching the game. We pay particular attention to the issue of incomplete information and include some of our own research into the subject.

Diradicals acting through diamagnetic phenylene vinylene bridges: Raman spectroscopy as a probe to characterize spin delocalization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

González, Sandra Rodríguez; Nieto-Ortega, Belén; González Cano, Rafael C.

2014-04-28

We present a complete Raman spectroscopic study in two structurally well-defined diradical species of different lengths incorporating oligo p-phenylene vinylene bridges between two polychlorinated triphenylmethyl radical units, a disposition that allows sizeable conjugation between the two radicals through and with the bridge. The spectroscopic data are interpreted and supported by quantum chemical calculations. We focus the attention on the Raman frequency changes, interpretable in terms of: (i) bridge length (conjugation length); (ii) bridge conformational structure; and (iii) electronic coupling between the terminal radical units with the bridge and through the bridge, which could delineate through-bond spin polarization, or spin delocalization.more » These items are addressed by using the “oligomer approach” in conjunction with pressure and temperature dependent Raman spectroscopic data. In summary, we have attempted to translate the well-known strategy to study the electron (charge) structure of π−conjugated molecules by Raman spectroscopy to the case of electron (spin) interactions via the spin delocalization mechanism.« less

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Bridge Deterioration Model.

PubMed

Chen, Zhang; Wu, Yangyang; Li, Li; Sun, Lijun

2015-01-01

The deterministic bridge deterioration model updating problem is well established in bridge management, while the traditional methods and approaches for this problem require manual intervention. An artificial-intelligence-based approach was presented to self-updated parameters of the bridge deterioration model in this paper. When new information and data are collected, a posterior distribution was constructed to describe the integrated result of historical information and the new gained information according to Bayesian theorem, which was used to update model parameters. This AI-based approach is applied to the case of updating parameters of bridge deterioration model, which is the data collected from bridges of 12 districts in Shanghai from 2004 to 2013, and the results showed that it is an accurate, effective, and satisfactory approach to deal with the problem of the parameter updating without manual intervention.

Application of Artificial Intelligence for Bridge Deterioration Model

PubMed Central

Chen, Zhang; Wu, Yangyang; Sun, Lijun

2015-01-01

The deterministic bridge deterioration model updating problem is well established in bridge management, while the traditional methods and approaches for this problem require manual intervention. An artificial-intelligence-based approach was presented to self-updated parameters of the bridge deterioration model in this paper. When new information and data are collected, a posterior distribution was constructed to describe the integrated result of historical information and the new gained information according to Bayesian theorem, which was used to update model parameters. This AI-based approach is applied to the case of updating parameters of bridge deterioration model, which is the data collected from bridges of 12 districts in Shanghai from 2004 to 2013, and the results showed that it is an accurate, effective, and satisfactory approach to deal with the problem of the parameter updating without manual intervention. PMID:26601121

Nonlinear Response Of MSSS Bridges Under Earthquake Ground Motions: Case Studies

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1999-10-01

This report presents the results of the second phase of a comprehensive analytical study on the seismic response of highway bridges in New Jersey. The overall objective of this phase of the study was to evaluate the nonlinear seismic response of actu...

Three-unit bridge construction in anterior single-pontic areas using a metal-free restorative.

PubMed

Narcisi, E M

1999-02-01

A new glass-ceramic material, IPS Empress 2, is revolutionizing esthetic restorative dentistry by allowing metal-free, three-unit bridge construction in anterior and premolar single-pontic areas. The case discussed in this article illustrates the material's application in the dual-arch restoration of a young woman with congenitally missing teeth. The material was used as an alternative to single-tooth implant restorations to place two maxillary three-unit bridges, one mandibular three-unit bridge, and two mandibular porcelain veneers. IPS Empress 2 provides an esthetic alternative to porcelain-fused-to-metal restorations by facilitating attractive, functional tooth restoration.

Prevalence of myocardial bridging detected with 64-slice multidetector coronary computed tomography angiography in asymptomatic adults.

PubMed

Atar, Eli; Kornowski, Ran; Fuchs, Shmuell; Naftali, Noa; Belenky, Alexander; Bachar, Gil N

2007-10-01

Myocardial bridging is a congenital condition in which a segment of an epicardial artery has an intramural course within the myocardium. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence of myocardial bridging and the ability of 64-slice coronary computed tomography angiography to identify myocardial bridging in asymptomatic adults. One hundred sixty-nine consecutive asymptomatic subjects underwent 64-row multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) of the coronary arteries. Two experienced CT radiologists identified myocardial bridging >1 mm in thickness, by consensus. We examined the frequency of myocardial bridging and evaluated the length, thickness, and coronary wall lesions. Myocardial bridges were found in 28 (17%) of 165 subjects. Twenty-one subjects (75%) had 1 bridge and 7 subjects (25%) had 2, for a total of 35 myocardial bridges. Twenty-one bridges (60%) were located in the left anterior descending, 8.5% in the diagonal branch, and 2.8% in the circumflex arteries. The segment beneath the myocardial bridge was always free of coronary wall plaques, but the arterial segment proximal to it had significant coronary wall plaques in 24 cases (68.6%). We found that the incidence of myocardial bridging in asymptomatic adults is 7%, which is in agreement with some pathologic studies in the literature. Our study shows that MDCT of the coronary arteries is a reliable and noninvasive technique, which can accurately locate the site of myocardial bridging, and measure its thickness, course, and length.

Tsunami design criteria for coastal infrastructure : a case study for Spencer Creek Bridge, Oregon.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2006-11-01

The load effects on a coastal bridge due to the impact of a tsunami wave were developed. Three Cascadia Fault : rupture scenarios were considered using the Cornell model and the FVWAVE model to generate the waves for : each scenario. The FVWAVE model...

Development of Murray Loop Bridge for High Induced Voltage

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Isono, Shigeki; Kawasaki, Katsutoshi; Kobayashi, Shin-Ichi; Ishihara, Hayato; Chiyajo, Kiyonobu

In the case of the cable fault that ground fault resistance is less than 10MΩ, Murray Loop Bridge is excellent as a fault locator in location accuracy and the convenience. But, when the induction of several hundred V is taken from the single core cable which adjoins it, a fault location with the high voltage Murray Loop Bridge becomes difficult. Therefore, we developed Murray Loop Bridge, which could be applied even when the induced voltage of several hundred V occurs in the measurement cable. The evaluation of the fault location accuracy was done with the developed prototype by the actual line and the training equipment.

The Vector Magnetic Fields and Thermodynamics of Sunspot Light Bridges: The Case for Field-free Disruptions in Sunspots

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leka, K. D.

1997-07-01

We present observations with the Advanced Stokes Polarimeter of 11 light bridges in sunspots of various ages and sizes, all very close to disk center. Full vector spectropolarimetry and a nonlinear least-squares inversion algorithm allows us to determine not only the vector magnetic field in the bridges and host sunspots but also thermodynamic parameters such as continuum brightness, Doppler shifts, Doppler widths, opacity ratio, and the source function parameters. We can also separate the magnetic and nonmagnetic components of the spectral signal within each resolution element. We find that there is a disruption of the magnetic fields in light bridges, relative both to neighboring umbrae and to normal, undisturbed penumbrae. This change takes the form of lower intrinsic field strength and sparser, more horizontal fields in the bridges relative to umbrae. The magnetic fields in the bridges remain more vertically oriented, however, than those in undisturbed penumbra. There are systematic upflows observed in the bridge plasma relative to the neighboring umbrae, and the evidence points toward a component that is heated and departs from radiative equilibrium. In four cases, we follow a light bridge over several days and find that as the bridges age, they grow wider and brighter, the fields weaken and become sparser, and the heating increases. We also find some evidence that the magnetic field begins to reorganize itself to accommodate the (now) two azimuth centers before there are strong signals of a light bridge in the thermodynamic parameters. This paper presents the first systematic look at sunspot light bridges with full vector polarimetry and thermodynamic determination. The results show that there is an intrusion of field-free, possibly convective material into an otherwise stable, magnetic sunspot. The departure from stability is seen in the magnetic field orientation prior to its appearance in continuum intensity, and the effects of this disruption are evident beyond the immediate umbral intrusion. The results do not unambiguously determine the physical mechanism that makes sunspots disappear. However, it strongly points toward a ropelike magnetic structure through which convection may penetrate when the magnetic fibrils separate or around which field-free plasma may flow. The appearance of field-free heated material is likely an effect, not the cause, of the sunspot light bridges.

Salt bridge as a gatekeeper against partial unfolding.

PubMed

Hinzman, Mark W; Essex, Morgan E; Park, Chiwook

2016-05-01

Salt bridges are frequently observed in protein structures. Because the energetic contribution of salt bridges is strongly dependent on the environmental context, salt bridges are believed to contribute to the structural specificity rather than the stability. To test the role of salt bridges in enhancing structural specificity, we investigated the contribution of a salt bridge to the energetics of native-state partial unfolding in a cysteine-free version of Escherichia coli ribonuclease H (RNase H*). Thermolysin cleaves a protruding loop of RNase H(*) through transient partial unfolding under native conditions. Lys86 and Asp108 in RNase H(*) form a partially buried salt bridge that tethers the protruding loop. Investigation of the global stability of K86Q/D108N RNase H(*) showed that the salt bridge does not significantly contribute to the global stability. However, K86Q/D108N RNase H(*) is greatly more susceptible to proteolysis by thermolysin than wild-type RNase H(*) is. The free energy for partial unfolding determined by native-state proteolysis indicates that the salt bridge significantly increases the energy for partial unfolding by destabilizing the partially unfolded form. Double mutant cycles with single and double mutations of the salt bridge suggest that the partially unfolded form is destabilized due to a significant decrease in the interaction energy between Lys86 and Asp108 upon partial unfolding. This study demonstrates that, even in the case that a salt bridge does not contribute to the global stability, the salt bridge may function as a gatekeeper against partial unfolding that disturbs the optimal geometry of the salt bridge. © 2016 The Protein Society.

A Case Study of Dynamic Response Analysis and Safety Assessment for a Suspended Monorail System.

PubMed

Bao, Yulong; Li, Yongle; Ding, Jiajie

2016-11-10

A suspended monorail transit system is a category of urban rail transit, which is effective in alleviating traffic pressure and injury prevention. Meanwhile, with the advantages of low cost and short construction time, suspended monorail transit systems show vast potential for future development. However, the suspended monorail has not been systematically studied in China, and there is a lack of relevant knowledge and analytical methods. To ensure the health and reliability of a suspended monorail transit system, the driving safety of vehicles and structure dynamic behaviors when vehicles are running on the bridge should be analyzed and evaluated. Based on the method of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration theory, the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS and multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK are adopted respectively to establish the finite element model for bridge and the multi-body vehicle. A co-simulation method is employed to investigate the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration for the transit system. The traffic operation factors, including train formation, track irregularity and tire stiffness, are incorporated into the models separately to analyze the bridge and vehicle responses. The results show that the coupling of dynamic effects of the suspended monorail system between vehicle and bridge are significant in the case studied, and it is strongly suggested to take necessary measures for vibration suppression. The simulation of track irregularity is a critical factor for its vibration safety, and the track irregularity of A-level road roughness negatively influences the system vibration safety.

A Case Study of Dynamic Response Analysis and Safety Assessment for a Suspended Monorail System

PubMed Central

Bao, Yulong; Li, Yongle; Ding, Jiajie

2016-01-01

A suspended monorail transit system is a category of urban rail transit, which is effective in alleviating traffic pressure and injury prevention. Meanwhile, with the advantages of low cost and short construction time, suspended monorail transit systems show vast potential for future development. However, the suspended monorail has not been systematically studied in China, and there is a lack of relevant knowledge and analytical methods. To ensure the health and reliability of a suspended monorail transit system, the driving safety of vehicles and structure dynamic behaviors when vehicles are running on the bridge should be analyzed and evaluated. Based on the method of vehicle-bridge coupling vibration theory, the finite element method (FEM) software ANSYS and multi-body dynamics software SIMPACK are adopted respectively to establish the finite element model for bridge and the multi-body vehicle. A co-simulation method is employed to investigate the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration for the transit system. The traffic operation factors, including train formation, track irregularity and tire stiffness, are incorporated into the models separately to analyze the bridge and vehicle responses. The results show that the coupling of dynamic effects of the suspended monorail system between vehicle and bridge are significant in the case studied, and it is strongly suggested to take necessary measures for vibration suppression. The simulation of track irregularity is a critical factor for its vibration safety, and the track irregularity of A-level road roughness negatively influences the system vibration safety. PMID:27834923

Acoustic schwannoma with intracochlear extension and primary intracochlear schwannoma: removal through translabyrinthine approach with facial bridge cochleostomy and transcanal approach.

PubMed

Mazzoni, A; Zanoletti, E; Faccioli, C; Martini, A

2017-05-01

Intracochlear schwannomas can occur either as an extension of a larger tumor from the internal auditory canal, or as a solitary labyrinthine tumor. They are currently removed via a translabyrinthine approach extended to the basal turn, adding a transotic approach for tumors lying beyond the basal turn. Facial bridge cochleostomy may be associated with the translabyrinthine approach to enable the whole cochlea to be approached without sacrificing the external auditory canal and tympanum. We describe seven cases, five of which underwent cochlear schwannoma resection with facial bridge cochleostomy, one case with the same procedure for a suspect tumor and one, previously subjected to radical tympanomastoidectomy, who underwent schwannoma resection via a transotic approach. Facial bridge cochleostomy involved removing the bone between the labyrinthine and tympanic portions of the fallopian canal, and exposing the cochlea from the basal to the apical turn. Patients' recovery was uneventful, and long-term magnetic resonance imaging showed no residual tumor. Facial bridge cochleostomy can be a flexible extension of the translabyrinthine approach for tumors extending from the internal auditory canal to the cochlea. The transcanal approach is suitable for the primary exclusive intralabyrinthine tumor. The indications for the different approaches are discussed.

Cal-Bridge and CAMPARE: Engaging Underrepresented Students in Physics and Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Cal-Bridge and CAMPARE Teams

2018-01-01

We describe two programs, Cal-Bridge and CAMPARE, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, creating a national impact on their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field.In 8 years, the CAMPARE program has sent 112 students, >80% from underrepresented groups, to conduct summer research at one of 14 major research institutions throughout the country. Of the CAMPARE scholars who have graduated with a Bachelor’s degree, almost two-thirds (65%) have completed or are pursuing graduate education in physics, astronomy, or a related field, at institutions including UCLA, UC Riverside, UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara, USC, Stanford, Univ. of Arizona, Univ. of Washington, Univ. of Rochester, Michigan State Univ., Georgia Tech, Georgia State Univ., Kent State, Indiana Univ., Univ. of Oregon, Syracuse Univ., Montana State Univ., and the Fisk-Vanderbilt Master’s-to-PhD program.Now entering its fourth year, the Cal-Bridge program is a CSU-UC Bridge program comprised of >140 physics and astronomy faculty from 9 University of California (UC), 15 California State University (CSU), and 30 California Community College (CCC) campuses throughout California. In the first four years, 34 Cal-Bridge Scholars have been selected, including 22 Hispanic, 3 African-American and 13 women students, 10 of whom are from URM groups. Thirty (30) of the 34 Cal-Bridge Scholars are first generation college students. In the last two years, 11 of 13 Cal-Bridge Scholars have begun PhD programs in physics or astronomy at top PhD programs nationally. Three (3) of these 11 scholars have won NSF Graduate Research Fellowships; one more received an Honorable Mention. The next cohort applies this fall.Cal-Bridge provides much deeper mentoring and professional development experiences over the last two years of undergraduate and first year of graduate school to students from this diverse network of higher education institutions. Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from substantial financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses.

[Analysis of the unsuccessful cases of the porcelain-fused-to-metal-crowns and bridges].

PubMed

Zhai, Li-Yun; Zhao, Yu-Zhen; Wang, Shao-Ping; Yang, Yue-Hua

2005-06-01

To discuss the unsuccessful reasons and the preventive methods of the unsuccessful clinic cases. The retrospective analysis was carried on the 80 prosthesis in 70 patients from 1994 to 2001 which were suffered with unsuccessful results after the restoration of the metal crowns and bridges. There were 68 teeth which had collapsed or broken. 20 teeth had the post loosing or shedding. Root breaking, food impaction, unharmony colors of porcelain and the changing color of gingival were 3, 3, 6 and 2 teeth. It is necessary to select suitable repairing materials and operate correctly for preventing the occurring of the unsuccessful results in the porcelain-fused-to-metal-crowns and bridges.

Design procedure for Bridge Foundations Subject to Liquefaction-Induced Lateral Spreading

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

The response of piled bridge foundations to liquefaction-induced lateral soil deformation is an important design consideration in seismically active regions. Recent research and case history data suggest that three-dimensional deformation of the appr...

Numerical Evaluation of Forces on Piled Bridge Foundations in Laterally Spreading Soil

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

The response of piled bridge foundations to liquefaction-induced lateral soil deformation is an important design consideration in seismically active regions. Recent research and case history data suggest that three-dimensional deformation of the appr...

Wind-induced vibration of stay cables

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2007-08-01

Cable-stayed bridges have become the form of choice over the past several decades for bridges in the medium- to long-span range. In some cases, serviceability problems involving large amplitude vibrations of stay cables under certain wind and rain co...

Observations on the bony bridging of the jugular foramen in man.

PubMed Central

Dodo, Y

1986-01-01

The anatomical nature and pattern of incidence of bony bridging of the jugular foramen was investigated using 64 fetal crania aged nine months to term and 222 adult crania of Japanese. In addition, the region of the jugular foramen of an adult cadaver was carefully dissected in order to clarify the relationship between the cranial nerves passing through the jugular foramen and the intrajugular processes of the jugular foramen. The general conclusions concerning the anatomical nature of the bony bridging of the jugular foramen were as follows. (1) The intrajugular process of the temporal bone is situated posterior to the triangular depression (as described in Gray's Anatomy) of the petrous part. (2) The bony bridging of the jugular foramen is established by the contact of the intrajugular process of the temporal bone with the bony process of the occipital bone projecting either from just above the hypoglossal canal (Type I) or from posterior to the hypoglossal canal (Type III). (3) If both the processes of the occipital bone reach the intrajugular process of the temporal bone simultaneously, the jugular foramen is divided into three compartments. (4) In the case of Type I bridging, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, while the posterolateral compartment gives passage to the vagus nerve, the accessory nerve and the internal jugular vein. (5) In the case of Type II bridging, the anteromedial compartment contains the glossopharyngeal, vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. (6) When tripartite division of the jugular foramen occurs, the anteromedial compartment transmits the glossopharyngeal nerve, the middle compartment contains the vagus and accessory nerves, and the posterolateral compartment transmits the internal jugular vein. Concerning the pattern of incidence of jugular foramen bridging in the Japanese fetal and adult cranial series, this is similar to that of the bony bridging of the hypoglossal canal. The fact that almost all the cases of bridging of the jugular foramen are already established by the end of fetal development must serve as a strong indication that this trait can be used effectively for anthropological population studies. Images Fig. 1 Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9 Fig. 11 PMID:3693042

Effective way to reconstruct arch bridges using concrete walls and transverse strands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klusáček, Ladislav; Pěkník, Robin; Nečas, Radim

2017-09-01

There are more than 500 masonry arch bridges in the Czech Road system and about 2500 in the Czech Railway system. Many of them are cracked in the longitudinal (span) direction. The barrel vaults are separated by the cracks into partial masonry arches without load bearing connection in transverse direction. These constructions are about 150 years old and they are also too narrow for the current road system. This paper presents a strengthening method for masonry arch bridges using transverse post-tensioning. This method is very useful not only for strengthening in the transverse direction, but widening of masonry arches can be taken as secondary effect especially in case of road bridges. Several bridges were successfully repaired with the use of this system which seems to be effective and reliable.

Bridging the Divide: Developing a Scholarly Habitus for Aspiring Graduate Students through Summer Bridge Programs Participation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCoy, Dorian L.; Winkle-Wagner, Rachelle

2015-01-01

This multisite case study explored the role of summer institutes in preparing Students of Color for doctoral programs. Bourdieu's social reproduction theory, particularly the concept of habitus, was employed as a theoretical framework to investigate how the participants further developed habitus (their dispositions, identities, and perspectives)…

Three Different Teaching Approaches in Pre-Calculus Bridging Mathematics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Miller-Reilly, Barbara

2007-01-01

During the past decade three different bridging mathematics courses have been offered at the University of Auckland. A case study approach was used to investigate the effectiveness of these courses: two larger courses and one individual study programme. A different teaching approach, by committed experienced teachers, was used in each course. The…

[Should the patient with myocardial bridge be advised not to performe extreme sport effort? Case of a patient with troponin I elevation after exercise].

PubMed

Jankowski, Krzysztof; Ożdżeńska-Milke, Ewa; Jankowski, Łukasz; Rzewuska, Ewa; Dul, Przemysław; Ilnicka, Edyta; Kobylecka, Małgorzata; Pruszczyk, Piotr

2012-01-01

Elevated levels of cardiac troponins are an established method of diagnosis of heart muscle necrosis. A case of a long distance amateur-marathon runner, who showed significant elevation of plasma troponin I after extreme physical effort is reported. The diagnostic examinations did not reveal atherosclerosis burden, but myocardial bridging of coronary artery. The authors describe the significance of the pathology in the view of extreme sport effort performed by the described patient.

Microsilica modified concrete for bridge deck overlays : second-year interim report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-10-01

This report summarizes the performance of microsilica concrete (MC) overlays on seven distressed portland cement concrete bridge decks at three sites in Oregon. This report emphasizes the overlays' condition after two, or in some cases, three years o...

Seismic performance evaluation of an historical concrete deck arch bridge using survey and drawing of the damages, in situ tests, dynamic identification and pushover analysis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bergamo, Otello; Russo, Eleonora; Lodolo, Fabio

2017-07-01

The paper describes the performance evaluation of a retrofit historical multi-span (RC) deck arch bridge analyzed with in situ tests, dynamic identification and FEM analysis. The peculiarity of this case study lies in the structural typology of "San Felice" bridge, an historical concrete arch bridge built in the early 20th century, a quite uncommon feature in Italy. The preservation and retrofit of historic cultural heritage and infrastructures has been carefully analyzed in the international codes governing seismic response. A complete survey of the bridge was carried out prior to sketching a drawing of the existing bridge. Subsequently, the study consists in four steps: material investigation and dynamic vibration tests, FEM analysis and calibration, retrofit assessment, pushover analysis. The aim is to define an innovative approach to calibrate the FEM analysis through modern experimental investigations capable of taking structural deterioration into account, and to offer an appropriate and cost-effective retrofitting strategy.

Synthesis and structural studies of two pyridine-armed reinforced cyclen chelators and their transition metal complexes.

PubMed

Wilson, Kevin R; Cannon-Smith, Desiray J; Burke, Benjamin P; Birdsong, Orry C; Archibald, Stephen J; Hubin, Timothy J

2016-08-16

Two novel pyridine pendant-armed macrocycles structurally reinforced by an ethyl bridge, either between adjacent nitrogens (for side-bridged) or non-adjacent nitrogens (for cross-bridged), have been synthesized and complexed with a range of transition metal ions (Co 2+ , Ni 2+ , Cu 2+ and Zn 2+ ). X-ray crystal structures of selected cross-bridged complexes were obtained which showed the characteristic cis-V configuration with potential labile cis binding sites. The complexes have been characterized by their electronic spectra and magnetic moments, which show the expected high spin divalent metal complex in most cases. Exceptions are the nickel side-bridged complex, which shows a mixture of high-spin and low spin, and the cobalt cross-bridged complex which has oxidized to cobalt(III). Cyclic voltammetry in acetonitrile was carried out to assess the potential future use of these complexes in oxidation catalysis. Selected complexes offer significant catalytic potential enhanced by the addition of the pyridyl arm to a reinforced cyclen backbone.

Enhancing the hermeneutic single-case efficacy design: Bridging the research-practice gap.

PubMed

Wall, Jessie M; Kwee, Janelle L; Hu, Monica; McDonald, Marvin J

2017-09-01

Systematic case study designs are emerging as alternative paradigm strategies for psychotherapy and social science research. Through enhanced sensitivity to context, these designs examine idiographic profiles of causal processes. We specifically advocate the use of the hermeneutic single-case efficacy design (HSCED). HSCED has recently been used to investigate the efficacy of an existing therapy with a new population (Observed and Experiential Integration for athlete performance barriers) and an emerging therapy (Lifespan Integration Therapy). We describe innovations in HSCED that were implemented for these studies. These developments include (a) integrating psychotherapists as case developers, (b) incorporating multiple cases in one investigation, and (c) tailoring the repertoire of assessment tools. These extensions strategically incorporated principles of contextual paradigms in HSCED, thus complementing single-case designs that neglect idiographic contexts. We discuss recommendations for using HSCED in practice-based research, highlighting its potential as a bridge to address the research-practice gap.

Bridging Organizations Drive Effective Governance Outcomes for Conservation of Indonesia's Marine Systems.

PubMed

Berdej, Samantha M; Armitage, Derek R

2016-01-01

This study empirically investigates the influence of bridging organizations on governance outcomes for marine conservation in Indonesia. Conservation challenges require ways of governing that are collaborative and adaptive across boundaries, and where conservation actions are better coordinated, information flows improved, and knowledge better integrated and mobilized. We combine quantitative social network analysis and qualitative data to analyze bridging organizations and their networks, and to understand their contributions and constraints in two case studies in Bali, Indonesia. The analysis shows 1) bridging organizations help to navigate the 'messiness' inherent in conservation settings by compensating for sparse linkages, 2) the particular structure and function of bridging organizations influence governing processes (i.e., collaboration, knowledge sharing) and subsequent conservation outcomes, 3) 'bridging' is accomplished using different strategies and platforms for collaboration and social learning, and 4) bridging organizations enhance flexibility to adjust to changing marine conservation contexts and needs. Understanding the organizations that occupy bridging positions, and how they utilize their positionality in a governance network is emerging as an important determinant of successful conservation outcomes. Our findings contribute to a relatively new body of literature on bridging organizations in marine conservation contexts, and add needed empirical investigation into their value to governance and conservation in Coral Triangle nations and beyond.

Bridging the Digital Divide--An Australian Story

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Broadbent, Robyn; Papadopoulos, Theo

2013-01-01

There is increasing evidence that the lack of access to information and communication technology (ICT) or the "digital divide" severely limits education, employment and economic prospects. This paper reports on the evaluation of a project that aims to bridge the digital divide. In particular, the case study data has been used to bring to…

Understanding Customer Product Choices: A Case Study Using the Analytical Hierarchy Process

Treesearch

Robert L. Smith; Robert J. Bush; Daniel L. Schmoldt

1996-01-01

The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to characterize the bridge material selection decisions of highway officials across the United States. Understanding product choices by utilizing the AHP allowed us to develop strategies for increasing the use of timber in bridge construction. State Department of Transportation engineers, private consulting engineers, and...

Arts Impact: Lessons from ArtsBridge

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shimshon-Santo, Amy R.

2010-01-01

Arts Impact summarizes lessons learned at the ArtsBridge Program. It is informed by in-depth participant observation, logic modeling, and quantitative evaluation of program impact on K-12 students in inner city schools and arts students at the University of California Los Angeles over a two year period. The case study frames its analysis through a…

Custodians of the Coast: History of the United States Army Engineers at Galveston

DTIC Science & Technology

1977-01-01

along with western roads and other projects such as beacon lights, monuments, bridges , and aqueducts. Surveying for river and harbor improvements 11...involved in tunnel- ing, bridging , and spanning gullies. Lt. Amiel W. Whipple, exploring the thirty-fifth parallel, retraced the junior Abert’s route...preoccupation with transportation. In Texas, roads were poor; streams were not bridged and, in many cases, not navigable. Onerous freight expenses cut

Bridging defects in chronic spinal cord injury using peripheral nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold and enhancing regeneration through them by co-transplantation with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells: Case series of 14 patients

PubMed Central

Amr, Sherif M.; Gouda, Ashraf; Koptan, Wael T.; Galal, Ahmad A.; Abdel-Fattah, Dina Sabry; Rashed, Laila A.; Atta, Hazem M.; Abdel-Aziz, Mohammad T.

2014-01-01

Objective To investigate the effect of bridging defects in chronic spinal cord injury using peripheral nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold and enhancing regeneration through them by co-transplantation with bone-marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Methods In 14 patients with chronic paraplegia caused by spinal cord injury, cord defects were grafted and stem cells injected into the whole construct and contained using a chitosan-laminin paste. Patients were evaluated using the International Standards for Classification of Spinal Cord Injuries. Results Chitosan disintegration leading to post-operative seroma formation was a complication. Motor level improved four levels in 2 cases and two levels in 12 cases. Sensory-level improved six levels in two cases, five levels in five cases, four levels in three cases, and three levels in four cases. A four-level neurological improvement was recorded in 2 cases and a two-level neurological improvement occurred in 12 cases. The American Spinal Impairment Association (ASIA) impairment scale improved from A to C in 12 cases and from A to B in 2 cases. Although motor power improvement was recorded in the abdominal muscles (2 grades), hip flexors (3 grades), hip adductors (3 grades), knee extensors (2–3 grades), ankle dorsiflexors (1–2 grades), long toe extensors (1–2 grades), and plantar flexors (0–2 grades), this improvement was too low to enable them to stand erect and hold their knees extended while walking unaided. Conclusion Mesenchymal stem cell-derived neural stem cell-like cell transplantation enhances recovery in chronic spinal cord injuries with defects bridged by sural nerve grafts combined with a chitosan-laminin scaffold. PMID:24090088

Triple Halide Bridges in Chiral MnII2MnIII6NaI2 Cages: Structural and Magnetic Characterization.

PubMed

Mayans, Júlia; Font-Bardia, Mercè; Escuer, Albert

2018-02-05

A family of decanuclear chiral clusters with a Mn II 2 Mn III 6 Na I 2 core have been synthesized from enantiomerically pure Schiff bases. The new systems consist of two Mn II Mn III 3 Na I units linked by rare triple chloro or bromo bridges between the divalent Mn cations. Susceptibility measurements point out the weak antiferromagnetic interaction mediated by these kinds of bridges and afford the first magnetic measurements for the (μ-Br) 3 case.

Interaction between drilled shaft and mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) wall : technical report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2017-04-01

Drilled shafts are being constructed within the reinforced zone of mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) walls especially in the case of overpass bridges where the drilled shafts carry the bridge deck or traffic signs. The interaction between the drill...

Mitigation of wind-induced vibration of stay cables : numerical simulations and evaluations.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-08-01

Cable-stayed bridges have been recognized as the most efficient and cost effective structural form for medium-to-long-span bridges over the past several decades. With their widespread use, cases of serviceability problems associated : with large ampl...

Live load rating of short span highway bridges as controlled by the exterior girder.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1977-01-01

The 1973 AASHTO Standard Specifications for Highway Bridge introduced the requirement that "In no case shall an exterior stringer have less carrying capacity than an interior stringer." This statement resulted from the concern that many original exte...

Bridging the Gap: Teachers Cooperating Together to Implement Cooperative Learning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jolliffe, Wendy

2015-01-01

Cooperative learning (CL), in spite of extensive research and documented benefits, is not widely used in England. A review of the literature shows that it requires a staged and sustained approach to implementation, which has led to a gap between its potential and actual use. The case study cited here provides one example of bridging that gap…

Dynamic characteristics of timber bridges as a measure of structural integrity

Treesearch

Angus Morison; C.D. VanKarsen; H.A. Evensen; J.B. Ligon; J.R. Erickson; R.J. Ross; J.W. Forsman

2003-01-01

Bridges require periodic inspections to ensure the safety of those using the structure. A myriad of techniques have been developed in order to quickly and accurately determine a structure's health. Unfortunately, timber structures are still, in most cases, subjectively evaluated. Decay is one of the most common damage mechanisms in these structures, and often...

Learning Based on the Project Entitled "Design and Construction of a Wooden Bridge"

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barris, Cristina; Torres, Lluís; Simon, Enric

2016-01-01

This article presents the results of a case involving the application of project-based learning carried out with students in the Mechanical Engineering degree program at the University of Girona. The project, entitled "Design and construction of a wooden bridge", was conducted at the Polytechnic School in the third-year Structures…

Myocardial infarction caused by myocardial bridging in a male adolescent athlete.

PubMed

Zhu, Cheng-Gang; Liu, Jun; Liu, Wei-Dong; Xu, Yan-Lu; Wu, Na-Qiong; Guo, Yuan-Lin; Tang, Yi-Da; Jiang, Li-Xin; Li, Jian-Jun

2012-02-01

Myocardial bridging is a common congenital abnormality of a coronary artery, and is usually thought to be a benign anatomical variant. Although rare, previous studies have reported that patients with myocardial bridging may suffer from myocardial ischemia, myocardial infarction (MI), arrhythmias and even sudden death. Here we report the case of an 18-year-old adolescent athlete with myocardial bridging resulting in MI. Coronary angiography revealed 80% luminal narrowing by systolic compression in the proximal and mid segments of the left anterior descending coronary artery, which returned to normal during diastole. We considered that heavy sports might be a potential trigger for his MI attack. Therefore, special attention should be paid to this kind of athlete, especially if adolescent.

Solutions of burnt-bridge models for molecular motor transport.

PubMed

Morozov, Alexander Yu; Pronina, Ekaterina; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B; Artyomov, Maxim N

2007-03-01

Transport of molecular motors, stimulated by interactions with specific links between consecutive binding sites (called "bridges"), is investigated theoretically by analyzing discrete-state stochastic "burnt-bridge" models. When an unbiased diffusing particle crosses the bridge, the link can be destroyed ("burned") with a probability p , creating a biased directed motion for the particle. It is shown that for probability of burning p=1 the system can be mapped into a one-dimensional single-particle hopping model along the periodic infinite lattice that allows one to calculate exactly all dynamic properties. For the general case of p<1 a theoretical method is developed and dynamic properties are computed explicitly. Discrete-time and continuous-time dynamics for periodic distribution of bridges and different burning dynamics are analyzed and compared. Analytical predictions are supported by extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations. Theoretical results are applied for analysis of the experiments on collagenase motor proteins.

The Deformation of Overburden Soil and Interaction with Pile Foundations of Bridges Induced by Normal Faulting

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Liang-Chun; Li, Chien-Hung; Chan, Pei-Chen; Lin, Ming-Lang

2017-04-01

According to the investigations of well-known disastrous earthquakes in recent years, ground deformation induced by faulting is one of the causes for engineering structure damages in addition to strong ground motion. Most of structures located on faulting zone has been destroyed by fault offset. Take the Norcia Earthquake in Italy (2016, Mw=6.2) as an example, the highway bridge in Arquata crossing the rupture area of the active normal fault suffered a quantity of displacement which causing abutment settlement, the piers of bridge fractured and so on. However, The Seismic Design Provisions and Commentary for Highway Bridges in Taiwan, the stating of it in the general rule of first chapter, the design in bridges crossing active fault: "This specification is not applicable of making design in bridges crossing or near active fault, that design ought to the other particular considerations ".This indicates that the safty of bridges crossing active fault are not only consider the seismic performance, the most ground deformation should be attended. In this research, to understand the failure mechanism and the deformation characteristics, we will organize the case which the bridges subjected faulting at home and abroad. The processes of research are through physical sandbox experiment and numerical simulation by discrete element models (PFC3-D). The normal fault case in Taiwan is Shanchiao Fault. As above, the research can explore the deformation in overburden soil and the influences in the foundations of bridges by normal faulting. While we can understand the behavior of foundations, we will make the bridge superstructures into two separations, simple beam and continuous beam and make a further research on the main control variables in bridges by faulting. Through the above mentioned, we can then give appropriate suggestions about planning considerations and design approaches. This research presents results from sandbox experiment and 3-D numerical analysis to simulate overburden soil and embedded pile foundations subjected to normal faulting. In order to validate this numerical model, it is compared to sandbox experiments. Since the 3-D numerical analysis corresponds to the sandbox expeiments, the response of pile foundations and ground deformation induced by normal faulting are discussed. To understand the 3-D behavior of ground deformation and pile foundations, the observation such as the triangular shear zone, the width of primary deformation zone and the inclination, displacements, of the pile foundations are discussed in experiments and simulations. Furthermore, to understand the safty of bridges crossing faulting zone. The different superstructures of bridges, simple beam and continuous beam will be discussed subsequently in simulations.

Random vibration analysis of train-bridge under track irregularities and traveling seismic waves using train-slab track-bridge interaction model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zeng, Zhi-Ping; Zhao, Yan-Gang; Xu, Wen-Tao; Yu, Zhi-Wu; Chen, Ling-Kun; Lou, Ping

2015-04-01

The frequent use of bridges in high-speed railway lines greatly increases the probability that trains are running on bridges when earthquakes occur. This paper investigates the random vibrations of a high-speed train traversing a slab track on a continuous girder bridge subjected to track irregularities and traveling seismic waves by the pseudo-excitation method (PEM). To derive the equations of motion of the train-slab track-bridge interaction system, the multibody dynamics and finite element method models are used for the train and the track and bridge, respectively. By assuming track irregularities to be fully coherent random excitations with time lags between different wheels and seismic accelerations to be uniformly modulated, non-stationary random excitations with time lags between different foundations, the random load vectors of the equations of motion are transformed into a series of deterministic pseudo-excitations based on PEM and the wheel-rail contact relationship. A computer code is developed to obtain the time-dependent random responses of the entire system. As a case study, the random vibration characteristics of an ICE-3 high-speed train traversing a seven-span continuous girder bridge simultaneously excited by track irregularities and traveling seismic waves are analyzed. The influence of train speed and seismic wave propagation velocity on the random vibration characteristics of the bridge and train are discussed.

Bridging the Gap from Classroom-Based Learning to Experiential Professional Learning: A Hong Kong Case

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Du-Babcock, Bertha

2016-01-01

This paper describes and evaluates a funded longitudinal teaching development project that aims to bridge the gap from classroom-based theory learning to experiential professional learning, and thereby prepare ideal and competent world class graduates. To align with the University's shared mission to foster links with the business community, the…

Exact Solutions of Burnt-Bridge Models for Molecular Motor Transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, Alexander; Pronina, Ekaterina; Kolomeisky, Anatoly; Artyomov, Maxim

2007-03-01

Transport of molecular motors, stimulated by interactions with specific links between consecutive binding sites (called ``bridges''), is investigated theoretically by analyzing discrete-state stochastic ``burnt-bridge'' models. When an unbiased diffusing particle crosses the bridge, the link can be destroyed (``burned'') with a probability p, creating a biased directed motion for the particle. It is shown that for probability of burning p=1 the system can be mapped into one-dimensional single-particle hopping model along the periodic infinite lattice that allows one to calculate exactly all dynamic properties. For general case of p<1 a new theoretical method is developed, and dynamic properties are computed explicitly. Discrete-time and continuous-time dynamics, periodic and random distribution of bridges and different burning dynamics are analyzed and compared. Theoretical predictions are supported by extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations. Theoretical results are applied for analysis of the experiments on collagenase motor proteins.

Cal-Bridge and CAMPARE: Engaging Underrepresented Students in Physics and Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A.; Cal-Bridge Team; CAMPARE Team

2018-06-01

We describe two programs, Cal-Bridge and CAMPARE, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, creating a national impact on their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field. In 9 years, the CAMPARE program has sent 150 students, >80% from underrepresented groups, to conduct summer research at one of 14 major research institutions throughout the country. Of the CAMPARE scholars who have graduated with a Bachelor’s degree, almost two-thirds (65%) have completed or are pursuing graduate education in physics, astronomy, or a related field, at institutions including UCLA, UC Riverside, UC Irvine, UC Santa Barbara, USC, Stanford, Univ. of Arizona, Univ. of Washington, Univ. of Rochester, Michigan State Univ., Georgia Tech, Georgia State Univ., Kent State, Indiana Univ., Univ. of Oregon, Syracuse Univ., Montana State Univ., and the Fisk- Vanderbilt Master’s-to-PhD program. Now in its fourth year, the Cal-Bridge program is a CSU-UC Bridge program comprised of physics and astronomy faculty from 9 University of California (UC), 15 California State University (CSU), and more than 30 California Community College (CCC) campuses throughout California. In the first four years, 34 Cal-Bridge Scholars have been selected, including 22 Hispanic, 3 African-American and 13 women students, 10 of whom are from URM groups. Thirty (30) of the 34 Cal-Bridge Scholars are first generation college students. In the last three years, 17 of 21 Cal-Bridge Scholars have begun or been accepted PhD programs in physics or astronomy at top PhD programs nationally. Three (3) of these scholars have won NSF Graduate Research Fellowships; one more received an Honorable Mention. Once selected, Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from substantial financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses. Funding for this program is provided by NSF-DUE SSTEM Grant #1356133.

Passive and Active Stabilization of Liquid Bridges in Low Gravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Marston, Philip L.; Thiessen, David B.; Marr-Lyon, Mark J.; Wei, Wei; Niederhaus, Charles E.; Truong, Duc K.

2001-01-01

Tests are planned in the low gravity environment of the International Space Station (ISS) of new methods for the suppression of the capillary instability of liquid bridges. Our suppression methods are unusual in that they are not limited to liquid bridges having very special properties and may impact a variety of low-gravity and earth-based technologies. There are two main approaches to be investigated: (1) Passive Acoustic Stabilization (PAS); and (2) Active Electrostatic Stabilization (AES). In PAS, the suppression of the mode growth is accomplished by placing the bridge in an acoustic field having the appropriate properties such that the acoustic radiation pressure automatically pulls outward on the thinnest portion of the bridge. In AES, the bridge deformation is sensed optically and counteracted by actively adjusting the electrostatic Maxwell stresses via two ring electrodes concentric with the slightly conducting bridge to offset the growth of the unstable mode. While the present work emphasizes cylindrical bridges, the methods need not be restricted to that case. The methods to be explored are relevant to the suppression of capillary instabilities in floating zone crystal growth, breakup of liquid jets and columns, bubbles, and annular films as well as the management of coolants or propellants in low-gravity.

Risk factors for postpolypectomy bleeding in patients receiving anticoagulation or antiplatelet medications.

PubMed

Lin, David; Soetikno, Roy M; McQuaid, Kenneth; Pham, Chi; Doan, Gilbert; Mou, Shanshan; Shergill, Amandeep K; Somsouk, Ma; Rouse, Robert V; Kaltenbach, Tonya

2018-04-01

Balancing the risks for thromboembolism and postpolypectomy bleeding in patients requiring anticoagulation and antiplatelet agents is challenging. We investigated the incidence and risk factors for postpolypectomy bleeding on anticoagulation, including heparin bridge and other antithrombotic therapy. We performed a retrospective cohort and case control study at 2 tertiary-care medical centers from 2004 to 2012. Cases included male patients on antithrombotics with hematochezia after polypectomy. Nonbleeding controls were matched to cases 3 to 1 by antithrombotic type, study site, polypectomy technique, and year of procedure. Our outcomes were the incidence and risk factors for postpolypectomy bleeding. There were 59 cases and 174 matched controls. Postpolypectomy bleeding occurred in 14.9% on bridge anticoagulation. This was significantly higher than the overall incidence of bleeding on antithrombotics at 1.19% (95% confidence interval, 0.91%-1.54%) (59/4923). We identified similarly low rates of bleeding in patients taking warfarin (0.66%), clopidogrel (0.84%), and aspirin (0.92%). Patients who bled tended to have larger polyps (13.9 vs 7.3 mm; P < .001) and more polyps ≥2 cm (41% vs 10%; P < .001). Bleeding risk was increased with restarting antithrombotics within 1 week postpolypectomy (odds ratio [OR] 4.50; P < .001), having polyps ≥2 cm (OR 5.94; P < .001), performing right-sided cautery (OR 2.61; P = .004), and having multiple large polyps (OR 2.92; P = .001). Among patients on warfarin, the presence of bridge anticoagulation was an independent risk factor for postpolypectomy bleeding (OR 12.27; P = .0001). We conclude that bridge anticoagulation is associated with a high incidence of postpolypectomy bleeding and is an independent risk factor for hemorrhage compared with patients taking warfarin alone. A higher threshold to use bridge anticoagulation should be considered in patients with an elevated bleeding risk. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Inc.

A Decision Support System for Concrete Bridge Maintenance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rashidi, Maria; Lemass, Brett; Gibson, Peter

2010-05-01

The maintenance of bridges as a key element in transportation infrastructure has become a major concern for asset managers and society due to increasing traffic volumes, deterioration of existing bridges and well-publicised bridge failures. A pivotal responsibility for asset managers in charge of bridge remediation is to identify the risks and assess the consequences of remediation programs to ensure that the decisions are transparent and lead to the lowest predicted losses in recognized constraint areas. The ranking of bridge remediation treatments can be quantitatively assessed using a weighted constraint approach to structure the otherwise ill-structured phases of problem definition, conceptualization and embodiment [1]. This Decision Support System helps asset managers in making the best decision with regards to financial limitations and other dominant constraints imposed upon the problem at hand. The risk management framework in this paper deals with the development of a quantitative intelligent decision support system for bridge maintenance which has the ability to provide a source for consistent decisions through selecting appropriate remediation treatments based upon cost, service life, product durability/sustainability, client preferences, legal and environmental constraints. Model verification and validation through industry case studies is ongoing.

A Case Study in Effectively Bridging the Business Skills Gap for the Information Technology Professional

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gorman, Michael F.

2011-01-01

A longitudinal study of information technology (IT) managers at a Fortune 200 company in the Southwest United States was conducted to assess the effectiveness of a training program at bridging the perceived business skills gap for IT employees. A needs assessment was carried out, resulting in a 4-module training program. The program was evaluated…

Bridge Failure Due to Inadequate Design of Bed Protection

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Yogita; Kaur, Suneet; Dindorkar, Nitin

2017-12-01

The shallow foundation is generally provided on non-erodible strata or where scour depth is less. It is also preferable for low perennial flow or standing water condition. In the present case study shallow foundation is adopted for box type bridge. The total length of the bridge is 132.98 m, consisting of eight unit of RCC box. Each unit is composed of three cell box. The bottom slab of box unit is acted as raft foundation, founded 500 mm below ground level. River bed protection work is provided on both upstream and downstream side along the whole length of the bridge as it is founded above scour level. The bridge collapsed during the monsoon just after two years of service. The present paper explains the cause of failure. This study on failure of the bridge illustrates the importance of bridge inspection before and after monsoon period and importance of the timely maintenance. Standard specifications of Indian Road Congress for the river bed protection work are also included.

A Bridge Too Far or a Bridge to the Future? A Case Study in Online Assessment at Charles Sturt University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Buchan, Janet F.; Swann, Michael

2007-01-01

The in house development of an online assessment tool, OASIS, has provided a unique opportunity to research the use of online assessment in teaching and learning across the university. The developing relationship between IT staff, educational designers and academics serves as a model for integrated and evolving management systems which demonstrate…

Ventricular assist device implantation in a young patient with non-compaction cardiomyopathy and hereditary spherocytosis.

PubMed

Huenges, Katharina; Panholzer, Bernd; Cremer, Jochen; Haneya, Assad

2018-04-01

A case of a 15-year-old female patient with acute heart failure due to non-compaction cardiomyopathy and hereditary anaemia (hereditary spherocytic elliptocytosis) requiring ventricular assist device implantation as a bridge to transplantation is presented. The possible effects of mechanical stress on erythrocytes potentially induced by mechanical circulatory support remains unclear, but it may lead to haemolytic crisis in patients suffering from hereditary anaemia. In our case, ventricular assist device therapy was feasible, and haematological complications did not occur within 6 weeks of bridging our patient to heart transplantation.

Introducing the refined gravity hypothesis of extreme sexual size dimorphism

PubMed Central

2010-01-01

Background Explanations for the evolution of female-biased, extreme Sexual Size Dimorphism (SSD), which has puzzled researchers since Darwin, are still controversial. Here we propose an extension of the Gravity Hypothesis (i.e., the GH, which postulates a climbing advantage for small males) that in conjunction with the fecundity hypothesis appears to have the most general power to explain the evolution of SSD in spiders so far. In this "Bridging GH" we propose that bridging locomotion (i.e., walking upside-down under own-made silk bridges) may be behind the evolution of extreme SSD. A biomechanical model shows that there is a physical constraint for large spiders to bridge. This should lead to a trade-off between other traits and dispersal in which bridging would favor smaller sizes and other selective forces (e.g. fecundity selection in females) would favor larger sizes. If bridging allows faster dispersal, small males would have a selective advantage by enjoying more mating opportunities. We predicted that both large males and females would show a lower propensity to bridge, and that SSD would be negatively correlated with sexual dimorphism in bridging propensity. To test these hypotheses we experimentally induced bridging in males and females of 13 species of spiders belonging to the two clades in which bridging locomotion has evolved independently and in which most of the cases of extreme SSD in spiders are found. Results We found that 1) as the degree of SSD increased and females became larger, females tended to bridge less relative to males, and that 2) smaller males and females show a higher propensity to bridge. Conclusions Physical constraints make bridging inefficient for large spiders. Thus, in species where bridging is a very common mode of locomotion, small males, by being more efficient at bridging, will be competitively superior and enjoy more mating opportunities. This "Bridging GH" helps to solve the controversial question of what keeps males small and also contributes to explain the wide range of SSD in spiders, as those spider species in which extreme SSD has not evolved but still live in tall vegetation, do not use bridging locomotion to disperse. PMID:20682029

Modeling of information on the impact of mining exploitation on bridge objects in BIM

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bętkowski, Piotr

2018-04-01

The article discusses the advantages of BIM (Building Information Modeling) technology in the management of bridge infrastructure on mining areas. The article shows the problems with information flow in the case of bridge objects located on mining areas and the advantages of proper information management, e.g. the possibility of automatic monitoring of structures, improvement of safety, optimization of maintenance activities, cost reduction of damage removal and preventive actions, improvement of atmosphere for mining exploitation, improvement of the relationship between the manager of the bridge and the mine. Traditional model of managing bridge objects on mining areas has many disadvantages, which are discussed in this article. These disadvantages include among others: duplication of information about the object, lack of correlation in investments due to lack of information flow between bridge manager and mine, limited assessment possibilities of damage propagation on technical condition and construction resistance to mining influences.

Bridging the Gap between Physiology and Behavior: Evidence from the sSoTS Model of Human Visual Attention

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mavritsaki, Eirini; Heinke, Dietmar; Allen, Harriet; Deco, Gustavo; Humphreys, Glyn W.

2011-01-01

We present the case for a role of biologically plausible neural network modeling in bridging the gap between physiology and behavior. We argue that spiking-level networks can allow "vertical" translation between physiological properties of neural systems and emergent "whole-system" performance--enabling psychological results to be simulated from…

Avulsion Fracture of the Calcaneus Treated With a Soft Anchor Bridge and Lag Screw Technique: A Report of Two Cases.

PubMed

Yoshida, Kazushige; Kasama, Kentaro; Akahane, Tsutomu

2016-01-01

The displaced extra-articular avulsion fracture of the calcaneus has been classified as a Böhler type 1c calcaneal fracture, and most cases will require surgical repair. In the present report, we describe 2 patients in whom we performed the soft anchor bridge technique using single loaded suture anchors with lag screws for the repair of Böhler type 1c avulsion fractures of the calcaneus. In one of these patients, clinically relevant osteoporosis complicated the injury. In both cases, bone union was achieved, and by 1.5 months after surgery satisfactory recovery was observed. To our knowledge, the soft anchor bridge technique was first used for the treatment of rotator cuff tears, and the greatest merit of this technique is the ability to generate vertical compression force to the pulled out rotator cuff through the use of knotting sutures. In recent years, the soft anchor bridge technique using 4 suture anchors has also been used for fractures of the greater tuberosity of the humerus, an injury that poses operative difficulties similar to those encountered with an avulsion fracture of the calcaneus owing to the traction force of the rotator cuff and relative weakness of adjacent bone. The outcomes of our patients suggest that the soft anchor bridge technique combined with adjunct lag screws is useful in the fixation of avulsion fractures of the calcaneus. In addition, the result in the elderly patient indicates the possibility of using this technique for patients with osteoporosis. Copyright © 2016 American College of Foot and Ankle Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Case Studies in Exercise and Sport Sciences: A Powerful Tool to Bridge the Science-Practice Gap.

PubMed

Halperin, Israel

2018-03-27

Despite the progress made by the scientific exercise community in collaborating and communicating with non-scientist coaches, there is room for improvement. Coaches find research difficult to understand, feel that their interests are not being addressed by exercise research, and rely on peer-discussion to further their coaching knowledge base while consuming little peer-reviewed articles. One useful strategy to bridge the science-practice gap is with case-studies. In addition to furthering our understanding of the physiology, psychology, and training schedules of elite athletes, case studies can serve 1) as a useful communication channel with coaches if presented as narratives and 2) to establish and strengthen relationships between scientists and coaches leading to fruitful research collaborations. The purpose of this invited commentary is to discuss these two less-recognized benefits of case-studies, and propose a way to incorporate case-studies more frequently alongside group-based studies.

Case Studies in Exercise and Sport Sciences: A Powerful Tool to Bridge the Science-Practice Gap.

PubMed

Halperin, Israel

2018-06-21

Despite the progress made by the scientific exercise community in collaborating and communicating with nonscientist coaches, there is room for improvement. Coaches find research difficult to understand, feel that their interests are not being addressed by exercise research, and rely on peer discussion to further their coaching knowledge base while consuming few peer-reviewed articles. One useful strategy to bridge the science-practice gap is with case studies. In addition to furthering our understanding of the physiology, psychology, and training schedules of elite athletes, case studies can serve (1) as a useful communication channel with coaches if presented as narratives and (2) to establish and strengthen relationships between scientists and coaches, leading to fruitful research collaborations. The purpose of this invited commentary is to discuss these 2 less-recognized benefits of case studies and propose a way to incorporate case studies more frequently alongside group-based studies.

State of the practice and art for structural health monitoring of bridge substructures.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-05-01

In an age of technological advances, the ability to monitor the performance of bridge foundations has evolved such that both short- and long-term data acquisition of embedded gauges is not only available but also cost effective. Case studies were doc...

The Bridge of Mandolin County

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lantz, Juliette M.; Feindt, Jenny E.; Lewellyn, Eric P. B.; Walczak, Mary M.

1999-12-01

The Bridge of Mandolin County is a case designed to teach the general chemistry principles of molar mass, ions and aqueous reactions, solubility rules, and inorganic nomenclature. Through the instructor-facilitated class discussion, students consider the options before the Mandolin Town Council regarding deicing the newly constructed bridge connecting Mandolin with a large nearby city. The students must decipher contradictory claims made on behalf of sodium chloride, the traditional deicer, and calcium magnesium acetate, a new environmentally friendly deicer, to arrive at the most cost-effective and environmentally appropriate deicing product. As they work through the analysis they raise questions that can be addressed in a laboratory setting. Four optional role-playing experiments are included, which can be used by the students to gather information helpful to resolution of the case. The case is intended to be used over two class periods, with a laboratory period in between, though suggestions for other models are provided. Laboratory procedures include an EDTA titration for Ca2+ and Mg2+, a gravimetric analysis, a qualitative examination of ions and solubility, an introduction to freezing point depression and measurement, and an experimental design activity. This case can also successfully be used without alteration in non-majors chemistry or environmental chemistry courses, or upper-level analytical or environmental chemistry courses.

Bridging Organizations Drive Effective Governance Outcomes for Conservation of Indonesia’s Marine Systems

PubMed Central

Berdej, Samantha M.; Armitage, Derek R.

2016-01-01

This study empirically investigates the influence of bridging organizations on governance outcomes for marine conservation in Indonesia. Conservation challenges require ways of governing that are collaborative and adaptive across boundaries, and where conservation actions are better coordinated, information flows improved, and knowledge better integrated and mobilized. We combine quantitative social network analysis and qualitative data to analyze bridging organizations and their networks, and to understand their contributions and constraints in two case studies in Bali, Indonesia. The analysis shows 1) bridging organizations help to navigate the ‘messiness’ inherent in conservation settings by compensating for sparse linkages, 2) the particular structure and function of bridging organizations influence governing processes (i.e., collaboration, knowledge sharing) and subsequent conservation outcomes, 3) ‘bridging’ is accomplished using different strategies and platforms for collaboration and social learning, and 4) bridging organizations enhance flexibility to adjust to changing marine conservation contexts and needs. Understanding the organizations that occupy bridging positions, and how they utilize their positionality in a governance network is emerging as an important determinant of successful conservation outcomes. Our findings contribute to a relatively new body of literature on bridging organizations in marine conservation contexts, and add needed empirical investigation into their value to governance and conservation in Coral Triangle nations and beyond. PMID:26794003

Effectiveness of bridge V.A.C. dressings in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers

PubMed Central

Nather, Aziz; Hong, Ng Yau; Lin, Wong Keng; Sakharam, Joshi Abhijit

2011-01-01

Objectives This is a prospective study of the clinical efficacy of the V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressing for the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. Materials and methods Five consecutive patients with diabetic foot ulcers were treated with V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressings and studied over a period of 22–48 days. The indications for treatment included diabetic patients with open ray amputation wounds and wounds post-drainage for abscess with exposed deep structures. Clinical outcome was measured in terms of reduction in wound dimensions, presence of wound granulation, microbial clearance, and development of wound complications. Results Our results showed that with V.A.C. therapy, wound healing occurred in all patients. The number of dressings required ranged from 8 to 10. The baseline average wound size was 23.1 cm2. Wound areas shrunk by 18.4–41.7%. All subjects achieved 100% wound bed granulation with an average length of treatment of 33 days. Microbial clearance was achieved in all cases. All wounds healed by secondary intention in one case and four cases required split-thickness skin grafting. Conclusion The V.A.C. Granufoam Bridge Dressing is effective in the treatment of diabetic foot ulcers. It promotes reduction of wound area, wound bed granulation, and microbial clearance. By allowing placement of the suction pad outside the foot, it allowed patients to wear protective shoes and to walk non-weight bearing with crutches during V.A.C. therapy. PMID:22396825

Tendoscopic Double-Row Suture Bridge Peroneal Retinaculum Repair for Recurrent Dislocation of Peroneal Tendons in the Ankle.

PubMed

Nishimura, Akinobu; Nakazora, Shigeto; Ito, Naoya; Fukuda, Aki; Kato, Ko; Sudo, Akihiro

2016-06-01

Traumatic dislocation of peroneal tendons in the ankle is an uncommon lesion that mainly affects young adults. Unfortunately, most cases lead to recurrent dislocation of the peroneal tendons of the ankle (RPTD). Therefore, most cases need operative treatment. One of the most common operative procedures is superior peroneal retinaculum (SPR) repair. Recently, surgery for RPTD has been achieved with less invasive arthroscopic procedures. In this article, tendoscopic surgery for RPTD using a double-row suture bridge technique is introduced. This technique consists of debridement of the lateral aspect of the fibula under an intrasheath pseudo-cavity, suture anchor insertion into the fibular ridge, and reattachment of the SPR to the fibula using a knotless anchor screwed into the lateral aspect of the fibula. This technique mimics the double-row suture bridge technique for rotator cuff tear repair. The double-row suture bridge technique requires more surgical steps than the single-row technique, but it provides a wider bone-SPR contact surface and tighter fixation than the single-row technique. This procedure is an attractive option because it is less invasive and has achieved results similar to open procedures.

Estimation of the full-field dynamic response of a floating bridge using Kalman-type filtering algorithms

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Petersen, Ø. W.; Øiseth, O.; Nord, T. S.; Lourens, E.

2018-07-01

Numerical predictions of the dynamic response of complex structures are often uncertain due to uncertainties inherited from the assumed load effects. Inverse methods can estimate the true dynamic response of a structure through system inversion, combining measured acceleration data with a system model. This article presents a case study of full-field dynamic response estimation of a long-span floating bridge: the Bergøysund Bridge in Norway. This bridge is instrumented with a network of 14 triaxial accelerometers. The system model consists of 27 vibration modes with natural frequencies below 2 Hz, obtained from a tuned finite element model that takes the fluid-structure interaction with the surrounding water into account. Two methods, a joint input-state estimation algorithm and a dual Kalman filter, are applied to estimate the full-field response of the bridge. The results demonstrate that the displacements and the accelerations can be estimated at unmeasured locations with reasonable accuracy when the wave loads are the dominant source of excitation.

Investigation of Aerodynamic Interference between Twin Deck Bridges

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Sitek, M. A.; Bojanowski, C.; Lottes, S. A.

2016-05-01

Construction of a twin bridge can be a cost effective and minimally disruptive way to increase capacity when an existing bridge is not near the end of its service life. With ever growing vehicular traffic, when demand approaches the capacity of many existing roads and bridges. Remodeling a structure with an insufficient number of lanes can be a good solution in case of smaller and less busy bridges. Closing down or reducing traffic on crossings of greater importance for the construction period, however, can result in major delays and revenue loss for commerce and transportation as well as increasing themore » traffic load on alternate route bridges. Multiple-deck bridges may be the answer to this issue. A parallel deck can be built next to the existing one, without reducing the flow. Additionally, a new bridge can be designed as a twin or multi-deck structure. Several such structures have been built throughout the United States, among them: - The New NY Bridge Project - the Tappan Zee Hudson River Crossing, - SR-182 Columbia River Bridge, - The Thaddeus Kosciusko Bridge (I-87), - The Allegheny River Bridge, Pennsylvania, which carries I76, - Fred Hartman Bridge, TX, see Figure 1.2. With a growing number of double deck bridges, additional, more detailed, studies on the interaction of such bridge pairs in windy conditions appears appropriate. Aerodynamic interference effects should be examined to assure the aerodynamic stability of both bridges. There are many studies on aerodynamic response of single deck bridges, but the literature on double-deck structures is not extensive. The experimental results from wind tunnels are still limited in number, as a parametric study is required, they can be very time consuming. Literature review shows that some investigation of the effects of gap-width and angle of wind incidence has been done. Most of the CFD computational studies that have been done were limited to 2D simulations. Therefore, it is desirable to investigate twin decks of various cross-sections, gap-to-width ratios, wind speed and direction using three-dimensional CFD simulations. After verification with wind tunnel test results, this type of analysis could become a powerful tool for future designs as well as for monitoring of existing bridges.« less

Human-simulated intelligent control of train braking response of bridge with MRB

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Rui; Zhou, Hongli; Wu, Yueyuan; Wang, Xiaojie

2016-04-01

The urgent train braking could bring structural response menace to the bridge under passive control. Based on the analysis of breaking dynamics of a train-bridge vibration system, a magnetorheological elastomeric bearing (MRB) whose mechanical parameters are adjustable is designed, tested and modeled. A finite element method (FEM) is carried out to model and optimize a full scale vibration isolation system for railway bridge based on MRB. According to the model above, we also consider the effect of different braking stop positions on the vibration isolation system and classify the bridge longitudinal vibration characteristics into several cases. Because the train-bridge vibration isolation system has multiple vibration states and strongly coupling with nonlinear characteristics, a human-simulated intelligent control (HSIC) algorithm for isolating the bridge vibration under the impact of train braking is proposed, in which the peak shear force of pier top, the displacement of beam and the acceleration of beam are chosen as control goals. The simulation of longitudinal vibration control system under the condition of train braking is achieved by MATLAB. The results indicate that different braking stop positions significantly affect the vibration isolation system and the structural response is the most drastic when the train stops at the third cross-span. With the proposed HSIC smart isolation system, the displacement of bridge beam and peak shear force of pier top is reduced by 53.8% and 34.4%, respectively. Moreover, the acceleration of bridge beam is effectively controlled within limited range.

Forest Science and forest policy in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East: Building Bridges to a sustainable future

Treesearch

Richard W. Guldin; Niels Elers Koch; John A. Parrotta; Christian Gamborg; Bo J. Thorsen

2004-01-01

Making forest policies that help bridge from the current situation to a sustainable future requires sound scientific information. Too often, scientific information is available, yet policy makers do not use it. At a workshop in Denmark, attendees reviewed case studies where forest science influenced forest policies and identified six major reasons for success. Three...

Permeability of the hard tissue bridge formed after pulpotomy with calcium hydroxide: a histologic study.

PubMed

Holland, R; de Souza, V; de Mello, W; Nery, M J; Bernabé, P F; Otoboni Filho, J A

1979-09-01

Analysis of these results shows that complete hard tissue bridges, aside from occurring with great frequency, produce a satisfactory protection to the pulp. In a case in which the barrier is incomplete, some future clinical problems may result as an incomplete barrier does not offer adequate protection as shown by the chronic inflammatory reaction in the remaining pulp tissue.

Combined collapse by bridging and self-adhesion in a prototypical polymer model inspired by the bacterial nucleoid

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scolari, Vittore F.; Cosentino Lagomarsino, Marco

Recent experimental results suggest that the E. coli chromosome feels a self-attracting interaction of osmotic origin, and is condensed in foci by bridging interactions. Motivated by these findings, we explore a generic modeling framework combining solely these two ingredients, in order to characterize their joint effects. Specifically, we study a simple polymer physics computational model with weak ubiquitous short-ranged self attraction and stronger sparse bridging interactions. Combining theoretical arguments and simulations, we study the general phenomenology of polymer collapse induced by these dual contributions, in the case of regularly-spaced bridging. Our results distinguish a regime of classical Flory-like coil-globule collapse dictated by the interplay of excluded volume and attractive energy and a switch-like collapse where bridging interaction compete with entropy loss terms from the looped arms of a star-like rosette. Additionally, we show that bridging can induce stable compartmentalized domains. In these configurations, different "cores" of bridging proteins are kept separated by star-like polymer loops in an entropically favorable multi-domain configuration, with a mechanism that parallels micellar polysoaps. Such compartmentalized domains are stable, and do not need any intra-specific interactions driving their segregation. Domains can be stable also in presence of uniform attraction, as long as the uniform collapse is above its theta point.

Controlled Blasting for Deconstruction of a Railway Bridge Near Sahibganj

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandal, S. K.; Ghosh, A. K.; Oraon, S.

2018-06-01

Some of the Indian Railway bridges require reconstruction for electrification and expansion of railway tracks. Dismantling of bridge within time schedule in densely populated area requires controlled and pre-planned blasting methodology for safe pulling down of the structure and quick removal of blasted debris for fast restoration of tracks and smooth plying of trains. The three arched railway bridge (Bridge No. 61) located between Sahibganj and Karamtola cases one such example where the bridge was dismantled and the track was restored within 4 h of blasting, though the stipulated block period for demolition and restoration of tracks was 6 h. The 25.48 m long three-arched bridge was drilled and blasted with 225 number of blastholes (32 mm diameter) and 100 kg explosive (25 mm diameter). Length of blastholes varied between 0.5 and 1.8 m with blast geometry of 0.3-0.35 m burden and 0.33 m spacing. This paper deals with the conceptual and theoretical model developed for identification of the key locations for drilling and implementation of the same. It also discusses about the precautionary measures and the drilling pattern adopted for quick demolition and speedy restoration of tracks.

Controlled Blasting for Deconstruction of a Railway Bridge Near Sahibganj

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mandal, S. K.; Ghosh, A. K.; Oraon, S.

2018-02-01

Some of the Indian Railway bridges require reconstruction for electrification and expansion of railway tracks. Dismantling of bridge within time schedule in densely populated area requires controlled and pre-planned blasting methodology for safe pulling down of the structure and quick removal of blasted debris for fast restoration of tracks and smooth plying of trains. The three arched railway bridge (Bridge No. 61) located between Sahibganj and Karamtola cases one such example where the bridge was dismantled and the track was restored within 4 h of blasting, though the stipulated block period for demolition and restoration of tracks was 6 h. The 25.48 m long three-arched bridge was drilled and blasted with 225 number of blastholes (32 mm diameter) and 100 kg explosive (25 mm diameter). Length of blastholes varied between 0.5 and 1.8 m with blast geometry of 0.3-0.35 m burden and 0.33 m spacing. This paper deals with the conceptual and theoretical model developed for identification of the key locations for drilling and implementation of the same. It also discusses about the precautionary measures and the drilling pattern adopted for quick demolition and speedy restoration of tracks.

Myocarditis in athlete and myocardial bridge: An innocent bystander?

PubMed Central

Quaranta, Federico; Guerra, Emanuele; Sperandii, Fabio; De Santis, Francesco; Pigozzi, Fabio; Calò, Leonardo; Borrione, Paolo

2015-01-01

Myocarditis is a bacterial or viral inflammatory disease, often unnoticed or misdiagnosed. Athletes with myocarditis must stop practicing their activity since International medical Literature described some cases of sudden death. In the present report, we describe a case of an asymptomatic, apparently healthy, competitive athletes, who was diagnosed a myocarditis and as incidental finding a myocardial bridging. We focused the attention on the importance of anamnesis, electrocardiogram and athletes’ entourage for the diagnosis of such insidious pathologies and we evaluated the follow up, focusing the attention on electrocardiogram changes as well as on restitution ad integrum and prognosis, especially for the athletes. PMID:26015860

Analysis of the Interstate 10 Twin Bridge’s collapse during Hurricane Katrina: Chapter 3D in Science and the storms-the USGS response to the hurricanes of 2005

USGS Publications Warehouse

Chen, Genda; Witt, Emitt C.; Hoffman, David; Luna, Ronaldo; Sevi, Adam

2007-01-01

The Interstate 10 Twin Span Bridge over Lake Pontchartrain north of New Orleans, La., was rendered completely unusable by Hurricane Katrina. The cause of the collapse of the bridges generated great interest among hydrologists and structural engineers as well as among the general public. What made this case study even more important was the fact that two nearby bridges sustained the effects of the same storm surge and suffered only light damage. Lessons learned from this investigation are invaluable to maintaining the safety of many of the Nation's coastal and river-crossing bridges.

Model-based auralizations of violin sound trends accompanying plate-bridge tuning or holding.

PubMed

Bissinger, George; Mores, Robert

2015-04-01

To expose systematic trends in violin sound accompanying "tuning" only the plates or only the bridge, the first structural acoustics-based model auralizations of violin sound were created by passing a bowed-string driving force measured at the bridge of a solid body violin through the dynamic filter (DF) model radiativity profile "filter" RDF(f) (frequency-dependent pressure per unit driving force, free-free suspension, anechoic chamber). DF model auralizations for the more realistic case of a violin held/played in a reverberant auditorium reveal that holding the violin greatly diminishes its low frequency response, an effect only weakly compensated for by auditorium reverberation.

Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in a Depressed Patient Who Survived a Suicide Attempt by Jumping from the Bridge on the Han River

PubMed Central

Kim, Kiwon

2017-01-01

Suicide attempts at the Han river are rapidly increasing, which are 4.11 times from 2005 to 2015, whereas the rate of completed suicide in South Korea increased 1.07 times during the same period. However, few studies have been conducted on the issue because many suicide attempters were seriously injured after a fall in the Han river. We present a case of a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) who attempted suicide and minimally injured after jumping from the bridge at the Han river. We could assess his psychological and neurocognitive functions before and immediately after his attempt. From this case, we can identify that higher cognitive aspect of executive dysfunction, especially in the frontal domain of selective attention and inhibition, may be associated with his suicide attempt. In conclusion, we suggest psychiatric treatments for cognitive impulsiveness and safety barriers at the bridge to prevent suicide attempts of patients with MDD. PMID:29209400

Frontal Lobe Dysfunction in a Depressed Patient Who Survived a Suicide Attempt by Jumping from the Bridge on the Han River.

PubMed

Kim, Kiwon; Jeon, Hong Jin

2017-11-01

Suicide attempts at the Han river are rapidly increasing, which are 4.11 times from 2005 to 2015, whereas the rate of completed suicide in South Korea increased 1.07 times during the same period. However, few studies have been conducted on the issue because many suicide attempters were seriously injured after a fall in the Han river. We present a case of a patient with major depressive disorder (MDD) who attempted suicide and minimally injured after jumping from the bridge at the Han river. We could assess his psychological and neurocognitive functions before and immediately after his attempt. From this case, we can identify that higher cognitive aspect of executive dysfunction, especially in the frontal domain of selective attention and inhibition, may be associated with his suicide attempt. In conclusion, we suggest psychiatric treatments for cognitive impulsiveness and safety barriers at the bridge to prevent suicide attempts of patients with MDD.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hoehler, M; McCallen, D; Noble, C

The analysis, and subsequent retrofit, of concrete arch bridges during recent years has relied heavily on the use of computational simulation. For seismic analysis in particular, computer simulation, typically utilizing linear approximations of structural behavior, has become standard practice. This report presents the results of a comprehensive study of the significance of model sophistication (i.e. linear vs. nonlinear) and pertinent modeling assumptions on the dynamic response of concrete arch bridges. The study uses the Bixby Creek Bridge, located in California, as a case study. In addition to presenting general recommendations for analysis of this class of structures, this report providesmore » an independent evaluation of the proposed seismic retrofit for the Bixby Creek Bridge. Results from the study clearly illustrate a reduction of displacement drifts and redistribution of member forces brought on by the inclusion of material nonlinearity. The analyses demonstrate that accurate modeling of expansion joints, for the Bixby Creek Bridge in particular, is critical to achieve representative modal and transient behavior. The inclusion of near-field displacement pulses in ground motion records was shown to significantly increase demand on the relatively softer, longer period Bixby Creek Bridge arch. Stiffer, shorter period arches, however, are more likely susceptible to variable support motions arising from the canyon topography typical for this class of bridges.« less

Local-based damage detection of cyclically loaded bridge piers using wireless sensing units

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Tsung-Chin; Lynch, Jerome P.; Parra-Montesinos, Gustavo

2005-05-01

Concrete bridge piers are a common structural element employed in the design of bridges and elevated roadways. In order to ensure adequate behavior under earthquake-induced displacements, extensive reinforcement detailing in the form of closely spaced ties or spirals is necessary, leading to congestion problems and difficulties during concrete casting. Further, costly repairs are often necessary in bridge piers after a major earthquake which in some cases involve the total or partial shutdown of the bridge. In order to increase the damage tolerance while relaxing the transverse reinforcement requirements of bridge piers, the use of high-performance fiber reinforced cementitious composites (HPFRCC) in earthquake-resistant bridge piers is explored. HPFRCCs are a relatively new class of cementitious material for civil structures with tensile strain-hardening behavior and high damage tolerance. To monitor the behavior of this new class of material in the field, low-cost wireless monitoring technologies will be adopted to provide HPFRCC structural elements the capability to accurately monitor their performance and health. In particular, the computational core of a wireless sensing unit can be harnessed to screen HPFRCC components for damage in real-time. A seismic damage index initially proposed for flexure dominated reinforced concrete elements is modified to serve as an algorithmic tool for the rapid assessment of damage (due to flexure and shear) in HPFRCC bridge piers subjected to large shear reversals. Traditional and non-traditional sensor strategies of an HPFRCC bridge pier are proposed to optimize the correlation between the proposed damage index model and the damage observed in a circular pier test specimen. Damage index models are shown to be a sufficiently accurate rough measure of the degree of local-area damage that can then be wirelessly communicated to bridge officials.

Defining Appropriate Temperature for Perfect Erection Time of Steel Arch Bridge Closure to Minimize the Effect of the Thermal Stress. Case Study: The New Kutai Kartenagara Bridge, Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sugihardjo, H.; Tavio; Prasetya, D.; Achmad, N. I.

2017-11-01

The impact of temperature change could govern the final stress of structural elements in the long-span steel bridges. The study was conducted to investigate the effect of temperature change during the construction of a new steel arch bridge, namely the Kutai Kartanegara Bridge. The main bridge has a total spanning length of 470 meters. The erection method of the bridge was the cantilever method with temporary towers, mast cranes, and stay cables. The deflections and internal forces of the steel elements were analyzed using the Midas Civil software. The study focuses on the effort to find the perfect erection time for the closure with regards to the temperature. By measuring the temperatures of the steel elements during the construction, it was found that they varied between 19 and 64 degrees Celsius. From the results of the analyses with various temperatures, it can be concluded that the recommended temperature for the closure erection was 44.6 degrees Celsius. This temperature is similar with the air temperature between either 6 AM and 12 noon or 12 noon and 6 PM. During this periods of time, the effect of thermal stress on the final internal forces in the bridge elements was found much lesser than those obtained during any other period of time.

Bridging the Performance Gap with Ergonomics: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rethaber, James D.

2011-01-01

Faced with increased incidences of work-related strain and sprain injuries and OSHA-recordable injuries, the organization in this case study details how it resolved these performance-related issues. This case study also demonstrates the effectiveness of Thomas Gilbert's (1978) Behavior Engineering Model as a tool for analyzing, defining, and…

Myocardial bridges, neither rare nor isolated-Autopsy study.

PubMed

Teofilovski-Parapid, G; Jankovic, R; Kanjuh, V; Virmani, R; Danchin, N; Prates, N; Simic, D V; Parapid, B

2017-03-01

Myocardial bridge is a congenital anomaly with a markedly variable reported incidence on autopsy (4.7%-86%), likely related to geographical regions. Our previous retrospective study showed a prevalence of 0.8%, which we doubted to be the true one in the examined sample of the Serbian population. To assess the importance of the phenomenon we conducted a 2-year prospective study at the same institution. Ninety-six cadaver hearts from adult individuals of both genders (51 men, 45 women) who died from natural causes underwent special dissection. Tunneled coronary arteries and myocardium were examined using light microscopy. A total of 14 myocardial bridges were found in 13 (13.54%) hearts. This anomaly was insignificantly more common in men (13.72% vs. 13.33%, p>0.05). In one heart we noted two myocardial bridges (the left anterior interventricular artery and left marginal artery were overbridged). None of the myocardial bridges had been diagnosed during life. The most common causes of death were cardiac related. Myocardial bridges were located in the following areas: left anterior interventricular (50%), left circumflex artery (28.6%), left marginal artery (14.3%), and right coronary artery (7.1%). In 92.3% of cases, the right coronary artery was dominant. The only heart with a balanced-type had two bridges. Most of the myocardial bridges were long and deep. All tunneled coronary arteries, and although surrounded by "coronary cushion," were not protected from atherosclerosis. In 30.8% of hearts with myocardial bridges, we found additional coronary artery anomalies. Myocardial bridges were not rare in the examined sample of the Serbian population and were often associated with other coronary artery anomalies, rendering the carriers at higher risk. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

Monolithic bridges with inCoris TZI and inCoris TZI C.

PubMed

Wiedhahn, Klaus

2015-01-01

Until now, the ability to fabricate definitive Cerec bridges for the posterior region was less a question of the capabilities of the Cerec software than the availability of ceramic materials with sufficient strength for these indications. With the launch of the somewhat translucent inCoris TZI zirconia, Sirona has made possible the computer-assisted design and computer- assisted manufacturing (CAD/CAM) of monolithic bridges using Cerec dental software. In this article, the possibilities and limitations of inCoris TZI, as well as inCoris TZI C (a recently introduced further development from Sirona), will be demonstrated, based on two clinical cases.

Digital Bridge or Digital Divide? A Case Study Review of the Implementation of the "Computers for Pupils Programme" in a Birmingham Secondary School

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Morris, Jonathan Padraig

2011-01-01

Attempts to bridge the Digital Divide have seen vast investment in Information Communication Technology in schools. In the United Kingdom, the Computers for Pupils initiative has invested 60 million British Pounds of funds to help some of the most disadvantaged secondary school pupils by putting a computer in their home. This paper charts and…

Bridge Suture for Successful McDonald Emergency Cerclage.

PubMed

Tanaka, Masaaki; Hori, Yoshiaki; Shirafuji, Aya; Kato, Mitsunori; Kato, Jyun; Kobayashi, Hiroto; Tsuchida, Toru; Fukae, Tsukasa

2017-01-01

To create awareness about a surgical technique termed bridge suture, which is performed as a pretreatment before a McDonald cerclage is performed on an emergency to treat severe cervical insufficiency. Procedures for bridge suture were reviewed in detail and outcomes of 16 patients treated with bridge suture followed by McDonald cerclage were evaluated retrospectively. Using the bridge suture, the edges of uterine cervix were temporarily sutured and the external uterine os was closed, while the hourglass-shaped fetal membranes were concomitantly confined within the cervix; subsequently, a McDonald cerclage was performed. Over a 22-year period, 16 patients with a dilated cervix and bulging fetal membranes were treated using the technique of bridge suture followed by an emergency cerclage. The mean gestational age at cerclage was 22.5 weeks; the mean gestational age at delivery was 30.7 weeks; and the mean interval between cerclage and delivery was 8.2 weeks. In 15 out of 16 cases, cerclage was performed without encountering any complications. No maternal complications, including cervical laceration, were observed. The mean body weight of 17 neonates, including that of a twin, was 1,516 g and of them, 15 neonates survived. The important outcome of bridge suture is the replacement of fetal membranes back into the uterine cavity before McDonald's cerclage is performed. Pretreatment with bridge suture may facilitate the performance of a successful emergency cerclage and contribute to good maternal and neonatal outcomes. © 2016 S. Karger AG, Basel.

Bridge therapy or standard treatment for urgent surgery after coronary stent implantation: Analysis of 314 patients.

PubMed

De Servi, Stefano; Morici, Nuccia; Boschetti, Enrico; Rossini, Roberta; Martina, Paola; Musumeci, Giuseppe; D'Urbano, Maurizio; Lazzari, Ludovico; La Vecchia, Carlo; Senni, Michele; Klugmann, Silvio; Savonitto, Stefano

2016-05-01

Intravenous administration of a short acting glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor has been proposed as a bridge to surgery in patients on dual antiplatelet treatment, but data in comparison with other treatment options are not available. We conducted a retrospective analysis of consecutive patients who underwent un-deferrable, non-emergency surgery after coronary stenting. The bridge therapy was performed after discontinuation of the oral P2Y12 inhibitor by using i.v. tirofiban infusion. Net Adverse Clinical Events (NACE) was the primary outcome. We analyzed 314 consecutive patients: the bridge strategy was performed in 87 patients, whereas 227 were treated with other treatment options and represent the control group. Thirty-day NACE occurred in 8% of patients in the bridge group and in 22.5% in the control group (p < 0.01). Bridge therapy was associated with decreased 30-day NACE rate [Odds ratio (OR) 0.30; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.13-0.39; p < 0.01], particularly when the time interval between stenting and surgery was ≤ 60 days (OR 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.72; p = 0.02). There were no cases of stent thrombosis in the bridge group and 3 (1.3%) in the control group. Bridge therapy was associated with decreased events rates as compared to both patients with and without P2Y12 inhibitors discontinuation in the control group. After adjustment for the most relevant covariates, the favorable effect of the bridge therapy was not materially modified. In conclusion, perioperative bridge therapy using tirofiban was associated with reduced 30-day NACE rate, particularly when surgery was performed within 60 days after stent implantation.

Ecological bridges and barriers in pelagic ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Briscoe, Dana K.; Hobday, Alistair J.; Carlisle, Aaron; Scales, Kylie; Eveson, J. Paige; Arrizabalaga, Haritz; Druon, Jean Noel; Fromentin, Jean-Marc

2017-06-01

Many highly mobile species are known to use persistent pathways or corridors to move between habitat patches in which conditions are favorable for particular activities, such as breeding or foraging. In the marine realm, environmental variability can lead to the development of temporary periods of anomalous oceanographic conditions that can connect individuals to areas of habitat outside a population's usual range, or alternatively, restrict individuals from areas usually within their range, thus acting as ecological bridges or ecological barriers. These temporary features can result in novel or irregular trophic interactions and changes in population spatial dynamics, and, therefore, may have significant implications for management of marine ecosystems. Here, we provide evidence of ecological bridges and barriers in different ocean regions, drawing upon five case studies in which particular oceanographic conditions have facilitated or restricted the movements of individuals from highly migratory species. We discuss the potential population-level significance of ecological bridges and barriers, with respect to the life history characteristics of different species, and inter- and intra-population variability in habitat use. Finally, we summarize the persistence of bridge dynamics with time, our ability to monitor bridges and barriers in a changing climate, and implications for forecasting future climate-mediated ecosystem change.

Graduate Transition into Work: The Bridging Role of Graduate Placement Programmes in the Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprise Workplace

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gallagher, Pádraig

2015-01-01

This research looks at the role of graduate placement programmes in bridging the gap between higher education and the small- and medium-sized enterprise (SME) sector. The research design and methodology used in this study was exploratory, in-depth and qualitative in nature. The research took the form of a multiple case study and focused on seven…

Production of footbridge with double curvature made of UHPC

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kolísko, J.; Čítek, D.; Tej, P.; Rydval, M.

2017-09-01

This article present a mix design, preparation and production of thin-walled footbridge made from UHPFRC. In this case an experimental pedestrian bridge was design and prepared. Bridge with span of 10 m and the clear width of 1.50 m designed as single-span bridge. Optimization of UHPFRC matrix and parameters of this material leads to the design of very thin structures. Total thickness of shell structure 30 - 45 mm. Bridge was cast as a prefabricated element in one piece. Self-compacting character of UHPFRC with high flowability allows the production of the final structure. Extensive research was done before production of footbridge. Experimental reached data were compared with extensive numerical analysis and the final design of structure and UHPFRC matrix were optimized in many details. Two versions of large scale mock-ups were casted and tested. According to the complexity of whole experiment a casting technology and production of formwork were tested and optimized many times.

Bridge Condition Assessment Using D Numbers

PubMed Central

Hu, Yong

2014-01-01

Bridge condition assessment is a complex problem influenced by many factors. The uncertain environment increases more its complexity. Due to the uncertainty in the process of assessment, one of the key problems is the representation of assessment results. Though there exists many methods that can deal with uncertain information, however, they have more or less deficiencies. In this paper, a new representation of uncertain information, called D numbers, is presented. It extends the Dempster-Shafer theory. By using D numbers, a new method is developed for the bridge condition assessment. Compared to these existing methods, the proposed method is simpler and more effective. An illustrative case is given to show the effectiveness of the new method. PMID:24696639

Performance Assessment of Bridges Using GPS: The Juarez Bridge in Culiacan, Mexico

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vazquez, G. E.; Gaxiola-Camacho, J. R.; Trejo, M.; Echagaray, J.; Guzman, G. M.

2015-12-01

Performance assessment of bridges has become very important during recent years. Bridges around the world are aging, leading to the incorporation of efficient, reliable, and economic evaluation procedures. These techniques must assess properly the performance of bridges under several loading conditions in a real manner, representing the physics of the problem. Among several approaches, Global Positioning System (GPS) can be intelligently used for the performance evaluation of bridges. We focused on GPS, since it naturally produces position estimates as compared to seismic instruments that record either velocity or acceleration, and thus require an integration. There are several reasons that make the Juarez Bridge a case of study for evaluation: it is approximately 45 years old, it is a reinforced concrete structure, it connects two significant zones of the city, and its spans is closely to 200 meters long. In addition, thousands of vehicles and pedestrians use the Juarez Bridge every day, which make feasible the GPS performance assessment. Hence, in order to produce optimal position estimates, GPS data were collected during two consecutive hours at three different periods of the day for a whole week (Monday through Sunday), to represent three critical limit states of the bridge (mid-span and end-spans). GPS data were processed using the GAMIT/GLOBK software, considering 1-second sampling rate, 15-degree cutoff angle, ionosphere-free double-differenced (DD) carrier phase method, and precise final orbits disseminated by IGS (International GNSS Service). The displacements obtained from the above discussed procedure are compared with allowable values documented in bridge construction manuals. Reliability theory was used to evaluate the probability of failure of the bridge for the three periods of the day. In addition, a conclusion was made about the most risky day of the week for the use of the Juarez Bridge. It is expected that the results from the proposed research will provide enough information to document non-permissible movements of the Juarez Bridge. Finally, guidance for future retrofit of the structure will be fully available.

Positive contraction mappings for classical and quantum Schrödinger systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Georgiou, Tryphon T.; Pavon, Michele

2015-03-01

The classical Schrödinger bridge seeks the most likely probability law for a diffusion process, in path space, that matches marginals at two end points in time; the likelihood is quantified by the relative entropy between the sought law and a prior. Jamison proved that the new law is obtained through a multiplicative functional transformation of the prior. This transformation is characterised by an automorphism on the space of endpoints probability measures, which has been studied by Fortet, Beurling, and others. A similar question can be raised for processes evolving in a discrete time and space as well as for processes defined over non-commutative probability spaces. The present paper builds on earlier work by Pavon and Ticozzi and begins by establishing solutions to Schrödinger systems for Markov chains. Our approach is based on the Hilbert metric and shows that the solution to the Schrödinger bridge is provided by the fixed point of a contractive map. We approach, in a similar manner, the steering of a quantum system across a quantum channel. We are able to establish existence of quantum transitions that are multiplicative functional transformations of a given Kraus map for the cases where the marginals are either uniform or pure states. As in the Markov chain case, and for uniform density matrices, the solution of the quantum bridge can be constructed from the fixed point of a certain contractive map. For arbitrary marginal densities, extensive numerical simulations indicate that iteration of a similar map leads to fixed points from which we can construct a quantum bridge. For this general case, however, a proof of convergence remains elusive.

Lamp-Lit Bridges as Dual Light-Traps for the Night-Swarming Mayfly, Ephoron virgo: Interaction of Polarized and Unpolarized Light Pollution

PubMed Central

Szaz, Denes; Horvath, Gabor; Barta, Andras; Robertson, Bruce A.; Farkas, Alexandra; Egri, Adam; Tarjanyi, Nikolett; Racz, Gergely; Kriska, Gyorgy

2015-01-01

Ecological photopollution created by artificial night lighting can alter animal behavior and lead to population declines and biodiversity loss. Polarized light pollution is a second type of photopollution that triggers water-seeking insects to ovisposit on smooth and dark man-made objects, because they simulate the polarization signatures of natural water bodies. We document a case study of the interaction of these two forms of photopollution by conducting observations and experiments near a lamp-lit bridge over the river Danube that attracts mass swarms of the mayfly Ephoron virgo away from the river to oviposit on the asphalt road of the bridge. Millions of mayflies swarmed near bridge-lights for two weeks. We found these swarms to be composed of 99% adult females performing their upstream compensatory flight and were attracted upward toward unpolarized bridge-lamp light, and away from the horizontally polarized light trail of the river. Imaging polarimetry confirmed that the asphalt surface of the bridge was strongly and horizontally polarized, providing a supernormal ovipositional cue to Ephoron virgo, while other parts of the bridge were poor polarizers of lamplight. Collectively, we confirm that Ephoron virgo is independently attracted to both unpolarized and polarized light sources, that both types of photopollution are being produced at the bridge, and that spatial patterns of swarming and oviposition are consistent with evolved behaviors being triggered maladaptively by these two types of light pollution. We suggest solutions to bridge and lighting design that should prevent or mitigate the impacts of such scenarios in the future. The detrimental impacts of such scenarios may extend beyond Ephoron virgo. PMID:25815748

Lamp-lit bridges as dual light-traps for the night-swarming mayfly, Ephoron virgo: interaction of polarized and unpolarized light pollution.

PubMed

Szaz, Denes; Horvath, Gabor; Barta, Andras; Robertson, Bruce A; Farkas, Alexandra; Egri, Adam; Tarjanyi, Nikolett; Racz, Gergely; Kriska, Gyorgy

2015-01-01

Ecological photopollution created by artificial night lighting can alter animal behavior and lead to population declines and biodiversity loss. Polarized light pollution is a second type of photopollution that triggers water-seeking insects to ovisposit on smooth and dark man-made objects, because they simulate the polarization signatures of natural water bodies. We document a case study of the interaction of these two forms of photopollution by conducting observations and experiments near a lamp-lit bridge over the river Danube that attracts mass swarms of the mayfly Ephoron virgo away from the river to oviposit on the asphalt road of the bridge. Millions of mayflies swarmed near bridge-lights for two weeks. We found these swarms to be composed of 99% adult females performing their upstream compensatory flight and were attracted upward toward unpolarized bridge-lamp light, and away from the horizontally polarized light trail of the river. Imaging polarimetry confirmed that the asphalt surface of the bridge was strongly and horizontally polarized, providing a supernormal ovipositional cue to Ephoron virgo, while other parts of the bridge were poor polarizers of lamplight. Collectively, we confirm that Ephoron virgo is independently attracted to both unpolarized and polarized light sources, that both types of photopollution are being produced at the bridge, and that spatial patterns of swarming and oviposition are consistent with evolved behaviors being triggered maladaptively by these two types of light pollution. We suggest solutions to bridge and lighting design that should prevent or mitigate the impacts of such scenarios in the future. The detrimental impacts of such scenarios may extend beyond Ephoron virgo.

Extracorporeal life support as a bridge to lung transplantation-experience of a high-volume transplant center.

PubMed

Hoetzenecker, Konrad; Donahoe, Laura; Yeung, Jonathan C; Azad, Sassan; Fan, Eddy; Ferguson, Niall D; Del Sorbo, Lorenzo; de Perrot, Marc; Pierre, Andrew; Yasufuku, Kazuhiro; Singer, Lianne; Waddell, Thomas K; Keshavjee, Shaf; Cypel, Marcelo

2018-03-01

Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) is increasingly used to bridge deteriorating patients awaiting lung transplantation (LTx), however, few systematic descriptions of this practice exist. We therefore aimed to review our institutional experience over the past 10 years. In this case series, we included all adults who received ECLS with the intent to bridge to LTx. Data were retrieved from patient charts and our institutional ECLS and transplant databases. Between January 2006 and September 2016, 1111 LTx were performed in our institution. ECLS was used in 71 adults with the intention to bridge to LTx; of these, 11 (16%) were bridged to retransplantation. The median duration of ECLS before LTx was 10 days (range, 0-95). We used a single dual-lumen venous cannula in 23 patients (32%). Nine of 13 patients (69%) with pulmonary hypertension were bridged by central pulmonary artery to left atrium Novalung. Twenty-five patients (35%) were extubated while on ECLS and 26 patients (37%) were mobilized. Sixty-three patients (89%) survived to LTx. Survival by intention to treat was 66% (1 year), 58% (3 years) and 48% (5 years). Survival was significantly shorter in patients undergoing ECLS bridge to retransplantation compared with first LTx (median survival, 15 months (95% CI, 0-31) versus 60 months (95% CI, 37-83); P = .041). In our center experience, ECLS bridge to first lung transplant leads to good short-term and long-term outcomes in carefully selected patients. In contrast, our data suggest that ECLS as a bridge to retransplantation should be used with caution. Copyright © 2017 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

A case of survival of extreme vertical impact in seated position.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1962-10-01

Physical, biophysical, and medical data are presented concerning the case of a 20-year-old male of excellent physical condition who jumped from the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, surviving for ten days a free-fall deceleration in the seated pos...

Bridging the Gap between Home and School--Perceptions of Classroom Teachers and Principals: Case Studies of Two Jamaican Inner-City Schools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kinkead-Clark, Zoyah

2017-01-01

Within the past 5 years, the island of Jamaica has aimed to address social issues through the development of a National Parenting Program. Schools too have taken on this task and have sought to bridge the gap between home and school by working with parents in meaningful and sustainable ways. This small-scale study highlights how two inner-city…

Carl Von Clausewitz: Two Letters on Strategy

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-01-01

Magdeburg , Wittenberg, Torgau, Kiistrin, Glogau, Schweidnitz, Silberberg, Neisse, and Kosel are supplied for six months. On June 1 news arrives that...the greatest threat to Prussia (5). The Austrian columns could advance on both banks of the Elbe, with pontoon bridges between them, until they...bank of the Elbe, and take up a position near Torgau. In this case the enemy could bridge the Elbe at Miihlenberg, cross to the left bank, and advance

Foreign-Language Pedagogy: Practical Applications to Theoretical Concerns. Selected Papers from the Loyola College Conference Entitled "Bridging Theory and Practice in the Foreign-Language Classroom" (Baltimore, Maryland, October 18-20, 1991).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wieczorek, Joseph A., Ed.

1993-01-01

Papers from the conference include the following: "Activites orales et motivation dans l'etude du vocabulaire d'une langue etrangere (Oral Activities and Motivation in the Study of Vocabulary in a Foreign Language)" (M. Guisset); "Bridging High School and College Classes through the Multicultural Approach: The Case of Francophone…

Calibration of Elasto-Magnetic Sensors on In-Service Cable-Stayed Bridges for Stress Monitoring.

PubMed

Cappello, Carlo; Zonta, Daniele; Laasri, Hassan Ait; Glisic, Branko; Wang, Ming

2018-02-05

The recent developments in measurement technology have led to the installation of efficient monitoring systems on many bridges and other structures all over the world. Nowadays, more and more structures have been built and instrumented with sensors. However, calibration and installation of sensors remain challenging tasks. In this paper, we use a case study, Adige Bridge, in order to present a low-cost method for the calibration and installation of elasto-magnetic sensors on cable-stayed bridges. Elasto-magnetic sensors enable monitoring of cable stress. The sensor installation took place two years after the bridge construction. The calibration was conducted in two phases: one in the laboratory and the other one on site. In the laboratory, a sensor was built around a segment of cable that was identical to those of the cable-stayed bridge. Then, the sample was subjected to a defined tension force. The sensor response was compared with the applied load. Experimental results showed that the relationship between load and magnetic permeability does not depend on the sensor fabrication process except for an offset. The determination of this offset required in situ calibration after installation. In order to perform the in situ calibration without removing the cables from the bridge, vibration tests were carried out for the estimation of the cables' tensions. At the end of the paper, we show and discuss one year of data from the elasto-magnetic sensors. Calibration results demonstrate the simplicity of the installation of these sensors on existing bridges and new structures.

Calibration of Elasto-Magnetic Sensors on In-Service Cable-Stayed Bridges for Stress Monitoring

PubMed Central

Ait Laasri, Hassan; Glisic, Branko; Wang, Ming

2018-01-01

The recent developments in measurement technology have led to the installation of efficient monitoring systems on many bridges and other structures all over the world. Nowadays, more and more structures have been built and instrumented with sensors. However, calibration and installation of sensors remain challenging tasks. In this paper, we use a case study, Adige Bridge, in order to present a low-cost method for the calibration and installation of elasto-magnetic sensors on cable-stayed bridges. Elasto-magnetic sensors enable monitoring of cable stress. The sensor installation took place two years after the bridge construction. The calibration was conducted in two phases: one in the laboratory and the other one on site. In the laboratory, a sensor was built around a segment of cable that was identical to those of the cable-stayed bridge. Then, the sample was subjected to a defined tension force. The sensor response was compared with the applied load. Experimental results showed that the relationship between load and magnetic permeability does not depend on the sensor fabrication process except for an offset. The determination of this offset required in situ calibration after installation. In order to perform the in situ calibration without removing the cables from the bridge, vibration tests were carried out for the estimation of the cables’ tensions. At the end of the paper, we show and discuss one year of data from the elasto-magnetic sensors. Calibration results demonstrate the simplicity of the installation of these sensors on existing bridges and new structures. PMID:29401751

Life cycle assessment based environmental impact estimation model for pre-stressed concrete beam bridge in the early design phase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Kyong Ju, E-mail: kjkim@cau.ac.kr; Yun, Won Gun, E-mail: ogun78@naver.com; Cho, Namho, E-mail: nhc51@cau.ac.kr

The late rise in global concern for environmental issues such as global warming and air pollution is accentuating the need for environmental assessments in the construction industry. Promptly evaluating the environmental loads of the various design alternatives during the early stages of a construction project and adopting the most environmentally sustainable candidate is therefore of large importance. Yet, research on the early evaluation of a construction project's environmental load in order to aid the decision making process is hitherto lacking. In light of this dilemma, this study proposes a model for estimating the environmental load by employing only the mostmore » basic information accessible during the early design phases of a project for the pre-stressed concrete (PSC) beam bridge, the most common bridge structure. Firstly, a life cycle assessment (LCA) was conducted on the data from 99 bridges by integrating the bills of quantities (BOQ) with a life cycle inventory (LCI) database. The processed data was then utilized to construct a case based reasoning (CBR) model for estimating the environmental load. The accuracy of the estimation model was then validated using five test cases; the model's mean absolute error rates (MAER) for the total environmental load was calculated as 7.09%. Such test results were shown to be superior compared to those obtained from a multiple-regression based model and a slab area base-unit analysis model. Henceforth application of this model during the early stages of a project is expected to highly complement environmentally friendly designs and construction by facilitating the swift evaluation of the environmental load from multiple standpoints. - Highlights: • This study is to develop the model of assessing the environmental impacts on LCA. • Bills of quantity from completed designs of PSC Beam were linked with the LCI DB. • Previous cases were used to estimate the environmental load of new case by CBR model. • CBR model produces more accurate estimations (7.09%) than other conventional models. • This study supports decision making process in the early stage of a new construction case.« less

Sexual networks, surveillance, and geographical space during syphilis outbreaks in rural North Carolina.

PubMed

Doherty, Irene A; Serre, Marc L; Gesink, Dionne; Adimora, Adaora A; Muth, Stephen Q; Leone, Peter A; Miller, William C

2012-11-01

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) spread along sexual networks whose structural characteristics promote transmission that routine surveillance may not capture. Cases who have partners from multiple localities may operate as spatial network bridges, thereby facilitating geographical dissemination. We investigated how surveillance, sexual networks, and spatial bridges relate to each other for syphilis outbreaks in rural counties of North Carolina. We selected from the state health department's surveillance database cases diagnosed with primary, secondary, or early latent syphilis during October 1998 to December 2002 and who resided in central and southeastern North Carolina, along with their sex partners and their social contacts irrespective of infection status. We applied matching algorithms to eliminate duplicate names and create a unique roster of partnerships from which networks were compiled and graphed. Network members were differentiated by disease status and county of residence. In the county most affected by the outbreak, densely connected networks indicative of STI outbreaks were consistent with increased incidence and a large case load. In other counties, the case loads were low with fluctuating incidence, but network structures suggested the presence of outbreaks. In a county with stable, low incidence and a high number of cases, the networks were sparse and dendritic, indicative of endemic spread. Outbreak counties exhibited densely connected networks within well-defined geographic boundaries and low connectivity between counties; spatial bridges did not seem to facilitate transmission. Simple visualization of sexual networks can provide key information to identify communities most in need of resources for outbreak investigation and disease control.

In vitro resolution of the dimer bridge of the minute virus of mice (MVM) genome supports the modified rolling hairpin model for MVM replication.

PubMed

Liu, Q; Yong, C B; Astell, C R

1994-06-01

Previous characterization of the terminal sequences of the minute virus of mice (MVM) genome demonstrated that the right hand palindrome contains two sequences, each the inverted complement of the other. However, the left hand palindrome was shown to exist as a unique sequence [Astell et al., J. Virol. 54: 179-185 (1985)]. The modified rolling hairpin (MRH) model for MVM replication provided an explanation of how the right hand palindrome could undergo hairpin transfer to generate two sequences, while the left end palindrome within the dimer bridge could undergo asymmetric resolution and retain the unique left end sequence. This report describes in vitro resolution of the wild-type dimer bridge sequence of MVM using recombinant (baculovirus) expressed NS-1 and a replication extract from LA9 cells. The resolution products are consistent with those predicted by the MRH model, providing support for this replication mechanism. In addition, mutant dimer bridge clones were constructed and used in the resolution assay. The mutant structures included removal of the asymmetry in the hairpin stem, inversion of the sequence at the initiating nick site, and a 2-bp deletion within one stem of the dimer bridge. In all cases, the mutant dimer bridge structures are resolved; however, the resolution pattern observed with the mutant dimer bridge compared with the wild-type dimer bridge is shifted toward symmetrical resolution. These results suggest that sequences within the left hand hairpin (and hence dimer bridge sequence) are responsible for asymmetric resolution and conservation of the unique sequence within the left hand palindrome of the MVM genome.

[Observation of bridging operation by an autogenous incus in the ossiculoplasty].

PubMed

Li, Hao-zhun; Gong, Shu-sheng

2008-10-01

To study the clinical effects of bridging operation by an autogenous incus in the ossiculoplasty. All the postoperative follow-up data of the 68 patients were analyzed retrospectively, who underwent bridging operation by an autogenous incus in the ossiculoplasty and were followed up for 6-28 months with an average of 19.75 months. The autogenous incus which had been reshaped was implanted between the intact malleus and the intact mobile stapes. The preoperative and postoperative pure tone average (PTA) air-conduction, bone-conduction and air-bone gap on four frequencies (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 kHz) were calculated and analyzed. No postoperative autogenous includes were extruded with only two cases displaced. The pure tone air conduction improved from a preoperative average of (46.69 +/- 18.32) dB to a postoperative average of (30.21 +/- 9.46) dB, while bone conduction improved from a preoperative average of (24.72 +/- 10.63) dB to a postoperative average of (18.15 +/- 8.91) dB, as well as air-bone gap closed from a preoperative average of 21.97 +/- 10.32 dB to a postoperative average of (12.06 +/- 9.46) dB. The success rate (postoperative PTA-ABG < or = 20 dB) occurred in 75% of all the cases. The improvement of the bone conduction occurred in 66% of all the cases, at least with 10 dB occurred in at least two frequencies. Because of low expenses, high convenience in an operation, high stability in effects, very low complications and excellent hearing results for the patients, the bridging operation as stated in the above was worthy of choice. The autogenous incus could be utilized if the defects between the intact, mobile stapes and the intact malleus could be well repaired.

Comparison of Observed and Predicted Abutment Scour at Selected Bridges in Maine

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lombard, Pamela J.; Hodgkins, Glenn A.

2008-01-01

Maximum abutment-scour depths predicted with five different methods were compared to maximum abutment-scour depths observed at 100 abutments at 50 bridge sites in Maine with a median bridge age of 66 years. Prediction methods included the Froehlich/Hire method, the Sturm method, and the Maryland method published in Federal Highway Administration Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (HEC-18); the Melville method; and envelope curves. No correlation was found between scour calculated using any of the prediction methods and observed scour. Abutment scour observed in the field ranged from 0 to 6.8 feet, with an average observed scour of less than 1.0 foot. Fifteen of the 50 bridge sites had no observable scour. Equations frequently overpredicted scour by an order of magnitude and in some cases by two orders of magnitude. The equations also underpredicted scour 4 to 14 percent of the time.

Suture slippage in knotless suture anchors resulting in subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis.

PubMed

Hayeri, Mohammad Reza; Keefe, Daniel T; Chang, Eric Y

2016-05-01

Rotator cuff repair using a suture bridge and knotless suture anchors is a relatively new, but increasingly used technique. The suture bridge technique creates an anatomically similar and more secure rotator cuff repair compared with conventional arthroscopic techniques and the use of knotless anchors eliminates the challenges associated with knot tying during arthroscopic surgery. However, previous in vitro biomechanical tests have shown that the hold of the suture in a knotless suture anchor is far lower than the pullout strength of the anchor from bone. Up until now slippage has been a theoretical concern. We present a prospectively diagnosed case of in vivo suture loosening after rotator cuff repair using a knotless bridge technique resulting in subacromial-subdeltoid bursitis.

Bridging the gap between research and marketing: private and public partnerships

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shtern, Faina

1995-10-01

The goal of this paper is to examine the importance of private and public partnerships in bridging the gap between research and marketing and their implications for the development of a national policy in research support in imaging science and technologies. Breast cancer imaging will serve as a case study for the development of collaborations between government agencies, academic community, and industry as the means to facilitate development, evaluation, and implementation of promising diagnostic technologies.

Toughening by crack bridging in heterogeneous ceramics

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Curtin, W.A.

1995-05-01

The toughening of a ceramic by crack bridging is considered, including the heterogeneity caused simply by spatial randomness in the bridge locations. The growth of a single planar crack is investigated numerically by representing the microstructure as an array of discrete springs with heterogeneity in the mechanical properties of each spring. The stresses on each microstructural element are determined, for arbitrary configurations of spring properties and heterogeneity, using a lattice Green function technique. For toughening by (heterogeneous) crack bridging for both elastic and Dugdale bridging mechanisms, the following key physical results are found: (1) growing cracks avoid regions which aremore » efficiently bridged, and do not propagate as self-similar penny cracks; (2) crack growth thus proceeds at lower applied stresses in a heterogeneous material than in an ordered material; (3) very little toughening is evident for moderate amounts of crack growth in many cases; and (4) a different R-curve is found for every particular spatial distribution of bridging elements. These results show that material reliability is determined by both the flaw distribution and the ``toughness`` distribution, or local environment, around each flaw. These results also demonstrate that the ``microstructural`` parameters derived from fitting an R-curve to a continuum model may not have an immediate relationship to the actual microstructure; the parameters are ``effective`` parameters that absorb the effects of the heterogeneity. The conceptual issues illuminated by these conclusions must be fully understood and appreciated to further develop microstructure-property relationships in ceramic materials.« less

Fibrinolysis and Beyond: Bridging the Gap between Local and Systemic Clot Removal

PubMed Central

Knauer, K.; Huber, Roman

2011-01-01

Recanalization methods in ischemic stroke have been progressively expanded over the past years. In addition the continuous development of specialized mechanical devices for thrombectomy a broad spectrum of new drugs has been tested: Both options, novel drugs as well as new devices, can be employed independently of each other, but in most cases a combination of the two with the standard treatment of intravenous fibrinolysis is applied. Until recently, a large number of case series have been performed to investigate the effects of various drugs and interventions, but only a few trials have been conducted to determine the optimal conditions for combining both procedures. This review surveys the different systemic and endovascular vessel reopening practices and their major bridging techniques. PMID:21373206

Size-dependent resonance frequencies of cantilevered and bridged nanosensors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, W.; Zou, J.; Lee, K. Y.; Li, X. F.

2018-03-01

This paper studies transverse vibration of nanoscale cantilevered and bridged sensors carrying a nanoparticle. The nanoscale sensors are modelled as Euler-Bernoulli beams with surface effect and nanoparticle as a concentrated mass. Frequency equations of cantilevered and bridged beam-mass system are derived and exact resonance frequencies are calculated. An alternative Fredholm integral equation method is used to obtain an approximate explicit expression for the fundamental frequency for both cases. A comparison between the approximate and analytical results is made and the approximation accuracy is satisfactory. The influences of the residual surface stress, surface elasticity, and attached mass on the resonance frequencies and mode shapes are discussed. These results are useful to illustrate the surface phenomena and are helpful to design micro-/nano-mechanical sensors.

Estimation of electronic coupling in π-stacked donor-bridge-acceptor systems: Correction of the two-state model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Voityuk, Alexander A.

2006-02-01

Comparison of donor-acceptor electronic couplings calculated within two-state and three-state models suggests that the two-state treatment can provide unreliable estimates of Vda because of neglecting the multistate effects. We show that in most cases accurate values of the electronic coupling in a π stack, where donor and acceptor are separated by a bridging unit, can be obtained as Ṽda=(E2-E1)μ12/Rda+(2E3-E1-E2)2μ13μ23/Rda2, where E1, E2, and E3 are adiabatic energies of the ground, charge-transfer, and bridge states, respectively, μij is the transition dipole moments between the states i and j, and Rda is the distance between the planes of donor and acceptor. In this expression based on the generalized Mulliken-Hush approach, the first term corresponds to the coupling derived within a two-state model, whereas the second term is the superexchange correction accounting for the bridge effect. The formula is extended to bridges consisting of several subunits. The influence of the donor-acceptor energy mismatch on the excess charge distribution, adiabatic dipole and transition moments, and electronic couplings is examined. A diagnostic is developed to determine whether the two-state approach can be applied. Based on numerical results, we showed that the superexchange correction considerably improves estimates of the donor-acceptor coupling derived within a two-state approach. In most cases when the two-state scheme fails, the formula gives reliable results which are in good agreement (within 5%) with the data of the three-state generalized Mulliken-Hush model.

Estimation of electronic coupling in pi-stacked donor-bridge-acceptor systems: correction of the two-state model.

PubMed

Voityuk, Alexander A

2006-02-14

Comparison of donor-acceptor electronic couplings calculated within two-state and three-state models suggests that the two-state treatment can provide unreliable estimates of V(da) because of neglecting the multistate effects. We show that in most cases accurate values of the electronic coupling in a pi stack, where donor and acceptor are separated by a bridging unit, can be obtained as V(da) = (E(2)-E(1))mu(12)R(da) + (2E(3)-E(1)-E(2))2mu(13)mu(23)R(da) (2), where E(1), E(2), and E(3) are adiabatic energies of the ground, charge-transfer, and bridge states, respectively, mu(ij) is the transition dipole moments between the states i and j, and R(da) is the distance between the planes of donor and acceptor. In this expression based on the generalized Mulliken-Hush approach, the first term corresponds to the coupling derived within a two-state model, whereas the second term is the superexchange correction accounting for the bridge effect. The formula is extended to bridges consisting of several subunits. The influence of the donor-acceptor energy mismatch on the excess charge distribution, adiabatic dipole and transition moments, and electronic couplings is examined. A diagnostic is developed to determine whether the two-state approach can be applied. Based on numerical results, we showed that the superexchange correction considerably improves estimates of the donor-acceptor coupling derived within a two-state approach. In most cases when the two-state scheme fails, the formula gives reliable results which are in good agreement (within 5%) with the data of the three-state generalized Mulliken-Hush model.

Monitoring calculation of closure change of Extradosed Cable-stayed Bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Shi, Jing Xian; Ran, Zhi Hong

2018-06-01

During the construction of extradosed cable-stayed bridge in Yunnan province, China, the construction unit has made certain changes in the construction process of the closure section due to environmental restrictions: remove the hanging basket after the closure, the sling shall not be provided in closure section, the function of the sling is realized by the hanging basket on the 16th beam. In case of this change, the bridge has been constructed to section 15th. In order to ensure the smooth and orderly progress of each stage in the closure phase, this article is arranged according to the construction plan, appropriate adjustment of related procedures, checking the bridge safety at all stages of construction, the stress and force of the main girder are compared to ensure the safety of the construction after closure changes. Adjust the height of the beam of the 16th and 17th to adapt the new construction plan, and the bridge closure smoothly.

Ethics: A Bridge for Studying the Social Contexts of Professional Communication.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Speck, Bruce W.

1989-01-01

Describes a method for helping students evaluate ethical issues in a systematic way, based on Lawrence Kohlberg's stages of moral development. Recommends the case-study approach for creating social constructs in which students face ethical dilemmas, and outlines a case-study ethics unit using Kohlberg's model. (MM)

A very rare case of coexistence of ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy, myocardial bridging and atherosclerosis

PubMed Central

Akkaya, Mehmet; Bacaksiz, Ahmet; Tasal, Abdurrahman; Sevgili, Emrah

2013-01-01

Noncompaction of the ventricular myocardium is a rare congenital heart disease, presumably caused by the intrauterine arrest of the myocardial compaction process at the beginning of fetal development. It could remain asymptomatic or manifest with congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, and systemic thromboemboli. Here we report a 55-year-old man who was admitted to hospital with chest pain and dyspnea, whose further evaluation revealed left ventricular noncompaction cardiomyopathy accompanying myocardial bridging and stenosis of the right coronary artery. PMID:24570713

Bridges Dynamic Parameters Identification Based On Experimental and Numerical Method Comparison in Regard with Traffic Seismicity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Krkošková, Katarína; Papán, Daniel; Papánová, Zuzana

2017-10-01

The technical seismicity negatively affects the environment, buildings and structures. Technical seismicity means seismic shakes caused by force impulse, random process and unnatural origin. The vibration influence on buildings is evaluated in the Eurocode 8 in Slovak Republic, however, the Slovak Technical Standard STN 73 0036 includes solution of the technical seismicity. This standard also classes bridges into the group of structures that are significant in light of the technical seismicity - the group “U”. Using the case studies analysis by FEM simulation and comparison is necessary because of brief norm evaluation of this issue. In this article, determinate dynamic parameters by experimental measuring and numerical method on two real bridges are compared. First bridge, (D201 - 00) is Scaffold Bridge on the road I/11 leading to the city of Čadca and is situated in the city of Žilina. It is eleven - span concrete road bridge. The railway is the obstacle, which this bridge spans. Second bridge (M5973 Brodno) is situated in the part of Žilina City on the road of I/11. It is concrete three - span road bridge built as box girder. The computing part includes 3D computational models of the bridges. First bridge (D201 - 00) was modelled in the software of IDA Nexis as the slab - wall model. The model outputs are natural frequencies and natural vibration modes. Second bridge (M5973 Brodno) was modelled in the software of VisualFEA. The technical seismicity corresponds with the force impulse, which was put into this model. The model outputs are vibration displacements, velocities and accelerations. The aim of the experiments was measuring of the vibration acceleration time record of bridges, and there was need to systematic placement of accelerometers. The vibration acceleration time record is important during the under - bridge train crossing, about the first bridge (D201 - 00) and the vibration acceleration time domain is important during deducing the force impulse under the bridge, about second bridge (M5973 Brodno). The analysis was done in the software of Sigview. About the first bridge (D201 - 00), the analysis output were values of power spectral density adherent to the frequencies values. These frequencies were compared with the natural frequencies values from the computational model whereby the technical seismicity influence on bridge natural frequencies was found out. About the second bridge (M5973 Brodno), the Sigview display of recorded vibration velocity time history was compared with the final vibration velocity time history from the computational model, whereby the results were incidental.

A case of bilateral vocal fold mucosal bridges, bilateral trans-vocal fold type III sulci vocales, and an intracordal polyp.

PubMed

Tan, Melin; Pitman, Michael J

2011-07-01

We present a patient with a novel finding of bilateral mucosal bridges, bilateral type III trans-vocal fold sulci vocales, and a vocal fold polyp. Although sulci and mucosal bridges occur in the vocal folds, it is rare to find multiples of these lesions in a single patient, and it is even more uncommon when they occur in conjunction with a vocal fold polyp. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a vocal fold polyp in combination with multiple vocal fold bridges and multiple type III sulci vocales in a single patient. To describe and visually present the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with an intracordal polyp, bilateral mucosal bridges, as well as bilateral type III trans-vocal fold sulci vocales. Presentation of a set of high definition intraoperative photos displaying the extent of the vocal fold lesions and the resection of the intracordal polyp. This patient presented with only 6 months of significant dysphonia. It was felt that the recent change in voice was because of the polyp and not the bridges or sulci vocales. Considering the patient's presentation and the possible morbidity of resection of mucosal bridges and sulci, only the polyp was excised. Postoperatively, the patient's voice returned to his acceptable mild baseline dysphonia, and the benefit has persisted 6 months postoperatively. The combination of bilateral mucosal bridges, bilateral type III sulcus vocalis, and an intracordal polyp in one patient is rare if not novel. Treatment of the polyp alone returned the patient's voice to his lifelong baseline of mild dysphonia. Copyright © 2011 The Voice Foundation. Published by Mosby, Inc. All rights reserved.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 49 (BENNCYHUNT0049) on Hunt Street, crossing the Walloomsac River, Bennington, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.; Medalie, Laura

1997-01-01

2 stone fill also protects the channel banks upstream and downstream of the bridge for a minimum distance of 17 feet from the respective bridge faces. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour computed for all modelled flows ranged from 0.9 to 5.0 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Computed left abutment scour ranged from 15.3 to 16.5 ft. with the worst-case scour occurring at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Computed right abutment scour ranged from 6.0 to 8.7 ft. with the worst-case scour occurring at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Adsorption of benzene on low index surfaces of platinum in the presence of van der Waals interactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

K, Ayishabi P.; Chatanathodi, Raghu

2017-10-01

We have studied the adsorption of benzene on three low index surfaces of platinum using plane-wave Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations, taking into consideration van der Waals (vdW) interaction. Experimentally, it is known that benzene adsorbs at the bridge site on the (111) surface, but in case of (110) and (100), this is not known yet. Our calculations show that benzene preferably adsorbs on bridge position on Pt(111) surface, whereas on Pt(110) and Pt(100) surfaces, the hollow position is energetically more favoured. The structural and electronic modifications of molecule and the surfaces are also examined. In all cases, adsorption-induced distortions of adsorbate-substrate complex are found to be modest in character, but relatively maximum in case of the (110) facet. The molecule is bound most strongly to the (110) surface. Importantly, we find that adsorption at bridge and atop positions are energetically feasible on the (110) surface, with the canting of benzene ring at a small angle from the metal plane. We study changes in electronic structure and the net charge transfer upon adsorption of benzene on all three low index planes. Inclusion of vdW interactions is important for obtaining realistic adsorption strengths for benzene on various Pt facets.

Steel bridge in interaction with modern slab track fastening systems under various vertical load levels

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stančík, Vojtěch; Ryjáček, Pavel; Vokáč, Miroslav

2017-09-01

In modern slab tracks the continuously welded rail (CWR) is coupled through the fastening system with the substructure. The resulting restriction of expansion movement causes significant rail stress increments, which in the case of extreme loading may cause rail failures. These interaction phenomenon effects are naturally higher on a bridge due to different deformation capabilities of the bridge and the CWR. The presented contribution aims at investigating the state of the art European direct fastening system that is suitable for application on steel bridges. Analysis involves experimental determination of its nonlinear longitudinal interaction parameters under various vertical loads and numerical validation. During experimental procedures a two and a half meter long laboratory sample equipped with four nodes of the Vossloh DFF 300 was tested. There have been checked both DFF 300 modifications using the skl 15 tension clamps and the low resistance skl B15 tension clamps. The effects of clamping force lowering on the interaction parameters have also been investigated. Results are discussed in the paper.

Implementation of Teacher Consultation and Coaching in Urban Schools: A Mixed Method Study

PubMed Central

Cappella, Elise; Jackson, Daisy R.; Kim, Ha Yeon; Bilal, Caroline; Holland, Sibyl; Atkins, Marc S.

2015-01-01

Guided by implementation science scholarship and school mental health research, the current study uses qualitative and quantitative data to illuminate the barriers, opportunities, and processes underlying the implementation of a teacher consultation and coaching model (BRIDGE) in urban elementary schools. Data come from five public elementary schools, 12 school mental health staff (BRIDGE consultants), and 18 teachers participating in a classroom-randomized trial of BRIDGE. Findings from directed content analysis of teacher focus group and interview data suggest that aspects of the BRIDGE intervention model, school organization and classroom contexts, and teachers/consultants and their relationship were relevant as implementation facilitators or barriers. In addition, case study analysis of intervention materials and fidelity tools from classrooms with moderate-to-high dosage and adherence suggest variation in consultation and coaching by initial level of observed classroom need. Results illuminate the need for implementation research to extend beyond simple indicators of fidelity to the multiple systems and variation in processes at play across levels of the implementation context. PMID:27293490

Analysis, prediction, and case studies of early-age cracking in bridge decks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

ElSafty, Adel; Graeff, Matthew K.; El-Gharib, Georges; Abdel-Mohti, Ahmed; Mike Jackson, N.

2016-06-01

Early-age cracking can adversely affect strength, serviceability, and durability of concrete bridge decks. Early age is defined as the period after final setting, during which concrete properties change rapidly. Many factors can cause early-age bridge deck cracking including temperature change, hydration, plastic shrinkage, autogenous shrinkage, and drying shrinkage. The cracking may also increase the effect of freeze and thaw cycles and may lead to corrosion of reinforcement. This research paper presents an analysis of causes and factors affecting early-age cracking. It also provides a tool developed to predict the likelihood and initiation of early-age cracking of concrete bridge decks. Understanding the concrete properties is essential so that the developed tool can accurately model the mechanisms contributing to the cracking of concrete bridge decks. The user interface of the implemented computer Excel program enables the user to input the properties of the concrete being monitored. The research study and the developed spreadsheet were used to comprehensively investigate the issue of concrete deck cracking. The spreadsheet is designed to be a user-friendly calculation tool for concrete mixture proportioning, temperature prediction, thermal analysis, and tensile cracking prediction. The study also provides review and makes recommendations on the deck cracking based mainly on the Florida Department of Transportation specifications and Structures Design Guidelines, and Bridge Design Manuals of other states. The results were also compared with that of other commercially available software programs that predict early-age cracking in concrete slabs, concrete pavement, and reinforced concrete bridge decks. The outcome of this study can identify a set of recommendations to limit the deck cracking problem and maintain a longer service life of bridges.

[Clinical research of arthroscopic separate double-layer suture bridge technique for delaminated rotator cuff tear].

PubMed

Ren, Jiangtao; Xu, Cong; Liu, Xianglin; Wang, Jiansong; Li, Zhihuai; Lü, Yongming

2017-10-01

To explore the effectiveness of the arthroscopic separate double-layer suture bridge technique in treatment of the delaminated rotator cuff tear. Between May 2013 and May 2015, 54 patients with the delaminated rotator cuff tears were recruited in the study. They were randomly allocated into 2 groups to receive repair either using arthroscopic separate double-layer suture bridge technique (trial group, n =28) or using arthroscopic whole-layer suture bridge technique (control group, n =26). There was no significant difference in gender, age, injured side, tear type, and preoperative visual analogue scale (VAS) score, Constants score, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) score, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA) score, and the range of motion of shoulder joint between 2 groups ( P >0.05). Postoperative functional scores, range of motion, and recurrence rate of tear in 2 groups were observed and compared. The operation time was significant longer in trial group than in control group ( t =8.383, P =0.000). All incisions healed at stage Ⅰ without postoperative complication. All the patients were followed up 12 months. At 12 months postoperatively, the UCLA score, ASES score, VAS score, Constant score, and the range of motion were significantly improved when compared with the preoperative values in 2 groups ( P <0.05). However there was no significant difference in above indexes between 2 groups ( P >0.05). Four cases (14.3%) of rotator cuff tear recurred in trial group while 5 cases (19.2%) in control group, showing no significant difference ( χ 2 =0.237, P =0.626). Compared with the arthroscopic whole-layer suture bridge technique, arthroscopic separate double-layer suture bridge technique presents no significant difference in the shoulder function score, the range of motion, and recurrence of rotator cuff tear, while having a longer operation time.

Moving Force Identification: a Time Domain Method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Law, S. S.; Chan, T. H. T.; Zeng, Q. H.

1997-03-01

The solution for the vertical dynamic interaction forces between a moving vehicle and the bridge deck is analytically derived and experimentally verified. The deck is modelled as a simply supported beam with viscous damping, and the vehicle/bridge interaction force is modelled as one-point or two-point loads with fixed axle spacing, moving at constant speed. The method is based on modal superposition and is developed to identify the forces in the time domain. Both cases of one-point and two-point forces moving on a simply supported beam are simulated. Results of laboratory tests on the identification of the vehicle/bridge interaction forces are presented. Computation simulations and laboratory tests show that the method is effective, and acceptable results can be obtained by combining the use of bending moment and acceleration measurements.

[Anterior bridges with the IPS-Empress-2 System after alveolar ridge augmentation. A case report].

PubMed

Zawta, C; Bernhard, M

2000-01-01

The success of a prosthesis is judged according to optimal function, good chewing comfort, adequate phonetics and white and pink esthetics. The aim of a treatment is to approach the perfection of nature. For anterior bridgework, the all-ceramic System IPS Empress 2 offers light transmission and reflection comparable to that of natural teeth, provided that the pink esthetics are optimised in the preprosthetic phase. The provision of an anterior bridge in the IPS Empress 2-system is presented here in the form of a case report. After extraction of the anterior teeth, a ridge augmentation including preparation of the pontic bed was carried out. The type of post and core, preparation and cementation are important parameters for the success of all-ceramic restorations.

The Use of CASE to Bridge the Transition between Primary and Secondary School Science in Ireland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McCormack, Lorraine

2016-01-01

This article describes how the Cognitive Acceleration through Science Education (CASE) programme was implemented in the final year of primary school and the first year of secondary school in a number of schools in Ireland. The original CASE programme, pioneered in the 1980s, proved successful in its aim to develop the science-reasoning abilities…

Where Learners' Questions Meet Modes of Teaching: A Study of Cases

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Jesus, Helena Pedrosa; Almeida, Patricia; Teixeira-Dias, Jose J.; Watts, Mike

2007-01-01

This paper is concerned with "match-mismatch" problems. In particular it seeks to match students' questioning to different modes of teaching in undergraduate chemistry. Kolb's theory of experiential learning is used to bridge between learners' questioning and teaching formats. Three case studies illuminate both sets of characteristics, the…

Strengthening of bridges by post-tensioning using monostrands in substituted cable ducts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Klusáček, Ladislav; Svoboda, Adam

2017-09-01

Post-tensioning is suitable, reliable and durable method of strengthening existing engineering structures, especially bridges. The high efficiency of post-tensioning can be seen in many applications throughout the world. In this paper the method is extended by a structural system of substituted cable ducts, which allows for significantly widening application of prestressing so it’s convenient mostly for application on beam bridges or slab bridges (built in years 1920 - 1960). The method of substituted cable ducts is based on theoretical knowledge and technical procedures, which were made possible through the development in prestressing systems, particularly the development of prestressing tendons (monostrands) and encased anchorages, as well as progress in drilling technology. This technique is highly recommended due to minimization of interventions into the constructions, unseen method of cable arrangement and hence the absence of impact on appearance, which is appreciated not only in case of valuable historical structures but also in general. It is possible to summarise that posttensioning by monostrands in substituted cable ducts is a highly effective method of strengthening existing bridges in order to increase their load capacities in terms of current traffic load and to extend their service life.

Design Optimization of Hybrid FRP/RC Bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Papapetrou, Vasileios S.; Tamijani, Ali Y.; Brown, Jeff; Kim, Daewon

2018-04-01

The hybrid bridge consists of a Reinforced Concrete (RC) slab supported by U-shaped Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP) girders. Previous studies on similar hybrid bridges constructed in the United States and Europe seem to substantiate these hybrid designs for lightweight, high strength, and durable highway bridge construction. In the current study, computational and optimization analyses were carried out to investigate six composite material systems consisting of E-glass and carbon fibers. Optimization constraints are determined by stress, deflection and manufacturing requirements. Finite Element Analysis (FEA) and optimization software were utilized, and a framework was developed to run the complete analyses in an automated fashion. Prior to that, FEA validation of previous studies on similar U-shaped FRP girders that were constructed in Poland and Texas is presented. A finer optimization analysis is performed for the case of the Texas hybrid bridge. The optimization outcome of the hybrid FRP/RC bridge shows the appropriate composite material selection and cross-section geometry that satisfies all the applicable Limit States (LS) and, at the same time, results in the lightest design. Critical limit states show that shear stress criteria determine the optimum design for bridge spans less than 15.24 m and deflection criteria controls for longer spans. Increased side wall thickness can reduce maximum observed shear stresses, but leads to a high weight penalty. A taller cross-section and a thicker girder base can efficiently lower the observed deflections and normal stresses. Finally, substantial weight savings can be achieved by the optimization framework if base and side-wall thickness are treated as independent variables.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 9 (BARRUSO3020009) on U.S. Route 302, crossing Jail Branch, Barre, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.; Ivanoff, Michael A.

1997-01-01

skew-to-roadway. There is evidence of channel scour along the right bank from 190 feet upstream of the bridge and extending through the bridge along the right abutment. Under the bridge, the scour depth is approximately 0.5 feet below the mean thalweg depth. Scour protection measures at the site include type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) along the right bank extending from the bridge to 192 feet upstream. Type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) is along the right abutment and the right downstream bank to 205 feet downtream of the bridge. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.2 to 0.5 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 4.3 to 7.5 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Computed scour for the 100-year event does not go below the abutment footings. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Elastic, plastic, fracture analysis of masonry arches: A multi-span bridge case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lacidogna, Giuseppe; Accornero, Federico

2018-01-01

In this work a comparison is presented between elastic, plastic, and fracture analysis of the monumental arch bridge of Porta Napoli, Taranto (Italy). By means of a FEM model and applying the Mery's Method, the behavior of the curved structure under service loads is verified, while considering the Safe Theorem approach byHeyman, the ultimate carrying capacity of the structure is investigated. Moreover, by using Fracture Mechanics concepts, the damage process which takes place when the conditions assessed through linear elastic analysis are no longer valid, and before the set-in of the conditions established by means of the plastic limit analysis, is numerically analyzed. The study of these transitions returns an accurate and effective whole service life assessment of the Porta Napoli masonry arch bridge.

A Tensor-Based Structural Damage Identification and Severity Assessment

PubMed Central

Anaissi, Ali; Makki Alamdari, Mehrisadat; Rakotoarivelo, Thierry; Khoa, Nguyen Lu Dang

2018-01-01

Early damage detection is critical for a large set of global ageing infrastructure. Structural Health Monitoring systems provide a sensor-based quantitative and objective approach to continuously monitor these structures, as opposed to traditional engineering visual inspection. Analysing these sensed data is one of the major Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) challenges. This paper presents a novel algorithm to detect and assess damage in structures such as bridges. This method applies tensor analysis for data fusion and feature extraction, and further uses one-class support vector machine on this feature to detect anomalies, i.e., structural damage. To evaluate this approach, we collected acceleration data from a sensor-based SHM system, which we deployed on a real bridge and on a laboratory specimen. The results show that our tensor method outperforms a state-of-the-art approach using the wavelet energy spectrum of the measured data. In the specimen case, our approach succeeded in detecting 92.5% of induced damage cases, as opposed to 61.1% for the wavelet-based approach. While our method was applied to bridges, its algorithm and computation can be used on other structures or sensor-data analysis problems, which involve large series of correlated data from multiple sensors. PMID:29301314

Neuroversion: using electroconvulsive therapy as a bridge to deep brain stimulation implantation.

PubMed

Williams, Nolan R; Sahlem, Greg; Pannu, Jaspreet; Takacs, Istvan; Short, Baron; Revuelta, Gonzalo; George, Mark S

2017-02-01

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a movement disorder with significant neuropsychiatric comorbidities. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is effective in treating these neuropsychiatric symptoms; however, clinicians are reluctant to use ECT in patients with deep brain stimulation (DBS) implantations for fear of damaging the device, as well as potential cognitive side effects. Right unilateral ultra-brief pulse (RUL UBP) ECT has a more favorable cognitive side-effect profile yet has never been reported in PD patients with DBS implants. We present a case series of three patients with a history of PD that all presented with psychiatric decompensation immediately prior to planned DBS surgery. All three patients had DBS electrode(s) in place at the time and an acute course of ECT was utilized in a novel method to "bridge" these individuals to neurosurgery. The patients all experienced symptom resolution (psychosis and/or depression and/or anxiety) without apparent cognitive side effects. This case series not only illustrates that right unilateral ultra-brief pulse can be utilized in patients with DBS electrodes but also illustrates that this intervention can be utilized as a neuromodulatory "bridge", where nonoperative surgical candidates with unstable psychiatric symptoms can be converted to operative candidates in a manner similar to electrical cardioversion.

Large membrane deflection via capillary force actuation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Barth, Christina A.; Hu, Xiaoyu; Mibus, Marcel A.; Reed, Michael L.; Knospe, Carl R.

2018-06-01

Experimental results from six prototype devices demonstrate that pressure changes induced in a liquid bridge via electrowetting can generate large deflections (20–75 µm) of an elastomeric membrane similar to those used in lab-on-a-chip microfluidic devices. In all cases deflections are obtained with a low voltage (20 V) and very small power consumption (<1 µW). The effects of variations in the bridge size and membrane dimensions on measured displacements are examined. Theoretical predictions are in good agreement with the measured displacements in those cases where the liquid contact angles could be measured within the devices during electrowetting. Contact angle hysteresis and charge injection into the dielectric layers limited the repeatability of deflection behavior during repeated cycling. Approaches for achieving greater deflections and improved repeatability are discussed.

Complexes of ditopic carbo- and thio-carbohydrazone ligands--mononuclear, 1D chain, dinuclear and tetranuclear examples.

PubMed

Tandon, Santokh S; Dul, Marie-Claire; Lee, John L; Dawe, Louise N; Anwar, Muhammad U; Thompson, Laurence K

2011-04-14

Ligands based on carbo- and thio-carbohydrazone cores, modified with pyridine, carboxylate and oxime ends, have been examined. They display a tautomeric versatility based on the flexible nature of the hydrazone linkages, leading to varied coordination motifs. Examples of mononuclear (Co(II), Ni(II)), dinuclear (Co(III)), 1D chain (Cu(II)) and square [2 × 2] grid (Ni(II)) complexes are obtained. Ferromagnetic (Cu(II)) and antiferromagnetic (Ni(II)) exchange is observed, with spin coupling in the Ni(II)(4) square grids propagated through the μ-O and μ-S bridges. Weak antiferromagnetic exchange (J = -6.0 cm(-1)) is observed for the μ-O bridged grid, despite the large Ni-O-Ni angles (137-141°), while for the μ-S bridged grids much stronger exchange is observed (J = -148 cm(-1), -198 cm(-1)). This is much larger than expected based on the Ni-S-Ni bridge angles (151-169°), and is associated with the soft (less polarizing than oxygen) nature of the sulfur bridge, which would allow for much more efficient transmission of spin exchange than observed in the μ-O bridged case. Structures and variable temperature magnetic data are included, and spin exchange is analyzed using normal Heisenberg exchange models. No examples involving oxime (NO) bridging are reported, which reflects the positioning of the N,O and N,S donor combinations in each ligand, and the preferred coordination through these donor atoms. © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2011

Myocardial Bridge and Acute Plaque Rupture.

PubMed

Perl, Leor; Daniels, David; Schwartz, Jonathan; Tanaka, Shige; Yeung, Alan; Tremmel, Jennifer A; Schnittger, Ingela

2016-01-01

A myocardial bridge (MB) is a common anatomic variant, most frequently located in the left anterior descending coronary artery, where a portion of the coronary artery is covered by myocardium. Importantly, MBs are known to result in a proximal atherosclerotic lesion. It has recently been postulated that these lesions predispose patients to acute coronary events, even in cases of otherwise low-risk patients. One such mechanism may involve acute plaque rupture. In this article, we report 2 cases of patients with MBs who presented with acute coronary syndromes despite having low cardiovascular risk. Their presentation was life-risking and both were treated urgently and studied with coronary angiographies and intravascular ultrasound. This latter modality confirmed a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque proximal to the MB as a likely cause of the acute events. These cases, of unexplained acute coronary syndrome in low-risk patients, raise the question of alternative processes leading to the event and the role MB play as an underlying cause of ruptured plaques. In some cases, an active investigation for this entity may be warranted, due to the prognostic implications of the different therapeutic modalities, should an MB be discovered.

BRIDG: a domain information model for translational and clinical protocol-driven research.

PubMed

Becnel, Lauren B; Hastak, Smita; Ver Hoef, Wendy; Milius, Robert P; Slack, MaryAnn; Wold, Diane; Glickman, Michael L; Brodsky, Boris; Jaffe, Charles; Kush, Rebecca; Helton, Edward

2017-09-01

It is critical to integrate and analyze data from biological, translational, and clinical studies with data from health systems; however, electronic artifacts are stored in thousands of disparate systems that are often unable to readily exchange data. To facilitate meaningful data exchange, a model that presents a common understanding of biomedical research concepts and their relationships with health care semantics is required. The Biomedical Research Integrated Domain Group (BRIDG) domain information model fulfills this need. Software systems created from BRIDG have shared meaning "baked in," enabling interoperability among disparate systems. For nearly 10 years, the Clinical Data Standards Interchange Consortium, the National Cancer Institute, the US Food and Drug Administration, and Health Level 7 International have been key stakeholders in developing BRIDG. BRIDG is an open-source Unified Modeling Language-class model developed through use cases and harmonization with other models. With its 4+ releases, BRIDG includes clinical and now translational research concepts in its Common, Protocol Representation, Study Conduct, Adverse Events, Regulatory, Statistical Analysis, Experiment, Biospecimen, and Molecular Biology subdomains. The model is a Clinical Data Standards Interchange Consortium, Health Level 7 International, and International Standards Organization standard that has been utilized in national and international standards-based software development projects. It will continue to mature and evolve in the areas of clinical imaging, pathology, ontology, and vocabulary support. BRIDG 4.1.1 and prior releases are freely available at https://bridgmodel.nci.nih.gov . © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Medical Informatics Association. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com

Bridge damage detection using spatiotemporal patterns extracted from dense sensor network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liu, Chao; Gong, Yongqiang; Laflamme, Simon; Phares, Brent; Sarkar, Soumik

2017-01-01

The alarmingly degrading state of transportation infrastructures combined with their key societal and economic importance calls for automatic condition assessment methods to facilitate smart management of maintenance and repairs. With the advent of ubiquitous sensing and communication capabilities, scalable data-driven approaches is of great interest, as it can utilize large volume of streaming data without requiring detailed physical models that can be inaccurate and computationally expensive to run. Properly designed, a data-driven methodology could enable fast and automatic evaluation of infrastructures, discovery of causal dependencies among various sub-system dynamic responses, and decision making with uncertainties and lack of labeled data. In this work, a spatiotemporal pattern network (STPN) strategy built on symbolic dynamic filtering (SDF) is proposed to explore spatiotemporal behaviors in a bridge network. Data from strain gauges installed on two bridges are generated using finite element simulation for three types of sensor networks from a density perspective (dense, nominal, sparse). Causal relationships among spatially distributed strain data streams are extracted and analyzed for vehicle identification and detection, and for localization of structural degradation in bridges. Multiple case studies show significant capabilities of the proposed approach in: (i) capturing spatiotemporal features to discover causality between bridges (geographically close), (ii) robustness to noise in data for feature extraction, (iii) detecting and localizing damage via comparison of bridge responses to similar vehicle loads, and (iv) implementing real-time health monitoring and decision making work flow for bridge networks. Also, the results demonstrate increased sensitivity in detecting damages and higher reliability in quantifying the damage level with increase in sensor network density.

A prospective outcome and cost-effectiveness comparison between two ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors for chronic ankle instability.

PubMed

Cho, Byung-Ki; Kim, Yong-Min; Park, Kyoung-Jin; Park, Ji-Kang; Kim, Do-Kyoon

2015-02-01

There are various ligament reattachment techniques for the modified Brostrom procedure. There have been few comparative studies on recently developed techniques. This prospective study was performed to compare the functional outcomes of 2 different ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors. We furthermore evaluated the cost-effectiveness of the suture bridge technique. Forty-five amateur athletes under 30 years of age were followed for more than 2 years. Twenty-four procedures with the suture anchor technique and 21 procedures with the suture bridge technique were performed by one surgeon. The functional evaluation consisted of the American Orthopaedic Foot & Ankle Society (AOFAS) score, Foot and Ankle Outcome Score (FAOS), Karlsson score, Sefton grading system, and the period to return to various forms of exercise (jogging, spurt running, jumping, one leg standing for >1 minute, walking on uneven ground, and going down stairs). Measurement of talar tilt angle and anterior talar translation was obtained from stress radiographs to evaluate mechanical stability. There were no significant differences on AOFAS score, FAOS, Karlsson score, Sefton grade, and stress radiographs. There were no significant differences on the return to exercises, except for jumping. As the most common complication, there were 3 cases of skin irritation by suture materials in the suture anchor group and 2 cases of intraoperative breakage of the suture anchor in suture bridge group. Both ligament reattachment techniques using suture anchors showed similar functional outcomes. Considering the additional medical expenses incurred by more suture anchors, the modified Brostrom procedure using the suture bridge technique had low cost-effectiveness. Proper indication and clinical usefulness of suture bridge technique for chronic ankle instability will be addressed in further studies. Level II, prospective comparative study. © The Author(s) 2014.

Toll facilities in the United States : bridges, roads, tunnels, ferries

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1994-06-01

Minnesota Guidestar's Travlink and Genesis operational tests were chosen by the FHWA to be the subjects of case studies. The case studies were performed under the Intelligent Vehicle Highway Systems Institutional and Legal Issues Program, which was d...

Bridge scour monitoring methods at three sites in Wisconsin

USGS Publications Warehouse

Walker, John F.; Hughes, Peter E.

2005-01-01

Of the nearly 11,500 bridges in Wisconsin, 89 have been assessed with critical scour conditions. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Transportation, the Marathon County Highway Department, and the Jefferson County Highway Department, performed routine monitoring of streambed elevations for three bridges. Two monitoring approaches were employed: (1) manual monitoring using moderately simple equipment, and (2) automated monitoring, using moderately sophisticated electronic equipment. The results from all three sites demonstrate that both techniques can produce reasonable measurements of streambed elevation. The manual technique has a lower annual operating cost, and is useful for cases where documentation of long-term trends is desired. The automated technique has a higher annual operating cost and is useful for real-time monitoring of episodic events with short time durations. 

Are polynuclear superhalogens without halogen atoms probable? A high-level ab initio case study on triple-bridged binuclear anions with cyanide ligands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yin, Bing; Li, Teng; Li, Jin-Feng; Yu, Yang; Li, Jian-Li; Wen, Zhen-Yi; Jiang, Zhen-Yi

2014-03-01

The first theoretical exploration of superhalogen properties of polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand is reported here via a case study on eight triply-bridged [Mg2(CN)5]- clusters. From our high-level ab initio results, all these clusters are superhalogens due to their high vertical electron detachment energies (VDE), of which the largest value is 8.67 eV at coupled-cluster single double triple (CCSD(T)) level. Although outer valence Green's function results are consistent with CCSD(T) in most cases, it overestimates the VDEs of three anions dramatically by more than 1 eV. Therefore, the combined usage of several theoretical methods is important for the accuracy of purely theoretical prediction of superhalogen properties of new structures. Spatial distribution of the extra electron of high-VDE anions here indicates two features: remarkable aggregation on bridging CN units and non-negligible distribution on every CN unit. These two features lower the potential and kinetic energies of the extra electron respectively and thus lead to high VDE. Besides superhalogen properties, the structures, relative stabilities and thermodynamic stabilities with respect to detachment of CN-1 were also investigated for these anions. The collection of these results indicates that polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand are promising candidates for new superhalogens with enhanced properties.

Are polynuclear superhalogens without halogen atoms probable? A high-level ab initio case study on triple-bridged binuclear anions with cyanide ligands.

PubMed

Yin, Bing; Li, Teng; Li, Jin-Feng; Yu, Yang; Li, Jian-Li; Wen, Zhen-Yi; Jiang, Zhen-Yi

2014-03-07

The first theoretical exploration of superhalogen properties of polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand is reported here via a case study on eight triply-bridged [Mg2(CN)5](-) clusters. From our high-level ab initio results, all these clusters are superhalogens due to their high vertical electron detachment energies (VDE), of which the largest value is 8.67 eV at coupled-cluster single double triple (CCSD(T)) level. Although outer valence Green's function results are consistent with CCSD(T) in most cases, it overestimates the VDEs of three anions dramatically by more than 1 eV. Therefore, the combined usage of several theoretical methods is important for the accuracy of purely theoretical prediction of superhalogen properties of new structures. Spatial distribution of the extra electron of high-VDE anions here indicates two features: remarkable aggregation on bridging CN units and non-negligible distribution on every CN unit. These two features lower the potential and kinetic energies of the extra electron respectively and thus lead to high VDE. Besides superhalogen properties, the structures, relative stabilities and thermodynamic stabilities with respect to detachment of CN(-1) were also investigated for these anions. The collection of these results indicates that polynuclear structures based on pseudohalogen ligand are promising candidates for new superhalogens with enhanced properties.

[Traumatic tricuspid valve insufficiency with right-to-left shunt: bridging using extracorporeal venovenous membrane oxygenation].

PubMed

Weber, S U; Hammerstingl, C; Mellert, F; Baumgarten, G; Putensen, C; Knuefermann, P

2012-01-01

The case of a young male motor vehicle driver is reported who suffered multiple trauma in a car accident with pulmonary and cardiac contusions. In the course of severe pneumonia and traumatic tricuspid valve insufficiency a right-to-left shunt with refractory hypoxemia developed across a pre-existing atrial septal defect (ASD). The patient could be successfully treated by the combination of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation for bridging, interventional ASD occlusion and in the long-term by operative reconstruction of the tricuspid valve.

Role of total artificial heart in the management of heart transplant rejection and retransplantation: case report and review.

PubMed

Kalya, Anantharam; Jaroszewski, Dawn; Pajaro, Octavio; Scott, Robert; Gopalan, Radha; Kasper, Diane; Arabia, Francisco

2013-01-01

Cardiac allograft rejection and failure may require mechanical circulatory support as bridge-to-retransplantation. Prognosis in this patient group is poor and implantable ventricular assist devices have had limited success due to organ failure associated with the high dose immunosuppression required to treat ongoing rejection. We present a case from our institution and the world-wide experience utilizing the SynCardia CardioWest Total Artificial Heart (TAH-t; SynCardia Systems, Inc., Tucson, AZ, USA) for replacement of the failing graft, recovery of patient and end-organ failure with ultimate bridge to retransplantation. We present our experience and review of world-wide experience for use of TAH-t in this type patient. © 2013 John Wiley & Sons A/S.

[Rehabilitation of a periodontally compromised dentition with implant-supported zirconia bridges. Case report].

PubMed

Balmer, Sacha; Mericske-Stern, Regina

2009-01-01

Clinical aspects of reconstruction with fix prosthesis and dental implants in a patient with a history of periodontitis is shown. A successful stabilization and rehabilitation of the periodontally involved dentition can be achieved with tooth-worn crown and bridge reconstructions. From a functional and aesthetic point of view the result may not be satisfying due to mobility and overlength of the teeth and open approximal spaces. Today, dentist and patient have often to weigh if teeth shall be maintained or replaced by dental implants. Thereby, both must be aware of the fact that in complex cases long-term success and aesthetic outcome may be difficult to predict. An intense discussion with the patient on his expectations, invasive treatment, risks with regard to biologic and prosthetic aspects is mandatory and must be based on the best scientific evidence available. The present case report shows different considerations and describes a radical solution which meets the patient's needs and is based on modern CAD-CAM technology.

Nouvelle methode d'integration energetique pour la retro-installation des procedes industriels et la transformation des usines papetieres

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bonhivers, Jean-Christophe

The increase in production of goods over the last decades has led to the need for improving the management of natural resources management and the efficiency of processes. As a consequence, heat integration methods for industry have been developed. These have been successful for the design of new plants: the integration principles are largely employed, and energy intensity has dramatically decreased in many processes. Although progress has also been achieved in integration methods for retrofit, these methods still need further conceptual development. Furthermore, methodological difficulties increase when trying to retrofit heat exchange networks that are closely interrelated to water networks, such as the case of pulp and paper mills. The pulp and paper industry seeks to increase its profitability by reducing production costs and optimizing supply chains. Recent process developments in forestry biorefining give this industry the opportunity for diversification into bio-products, increasing potential profit margins, and at the same time modernizing its energy systems. Identification of energy strategies for a mill in a changing environment, including the possibility of adding a biorefinery process on the industrial site, requires better integration methods for retrofit situations. The objective of this thesis is to develop an energy integration method for the retrofit of industrial systems and the transformation of pulp and paper mills, ant to demonstrate the method in case studies. Energy is conserved and degraded in a process. Heat can be converted into electricity, stored as chemical energy, or rejected to the environment. A systematic analysis of successive degradations of energy between the hot utilities until the environment, through process operations and existing heat exchangers, is essential in order to reduce the heat consumption. In this thesis, the "Bridge Method" for energy integration by heat exchanger network retrofit has been developed. This method is the first that considers the analysis of these degradations. The fundamental mechanism to reduce the heat consumption in an existing network has been made explicit; it is the basis of the developed method. The Bridge Method includes the definition of "a bridge", which is a set of modifications leading to heat reduction in a heat exchanger network. It is proven that, for a given set of streams, only bridges can lead to heat savings. The Bridge Method also includes (1) a global procedure for heat exchanger network retrofit, (2) a procedure to enumerate systematically the bridges, (3) "a network table" to easily evaluate them, and (4) an "energy transfer diagram" showing the effect of the two first principles of thermodynamics of energy conservation and degradation in industrial processes in order to identify energy savings opportunities. The Bridge Method can be used for the analysis of networks including several types of heat transfer, and site-wide analysis. The Bridge Method has been applied in case studies for retrofitting networks composed of indirect-contact heat exchangers, including the network of a kraft pulp mill, and also networks of direct-contact heat exchangers, including the hot water production system of a pulp mill. The method has finally been applied for the evaluation of a biorefinery process, alone or hosted in a kraft pulp mill. Results show that the use of the method significantly reduces the search space and leads to identification of the relevant solutions. The necessity of a bridge to reduce the inputs and outputs of a process is a consequence of the two first thermodynamics principles of energy conservation and increase in entropy. The concept of bridge alone can also be used as a tool for process analysis, and in numerical optimization-based approaches for energy integration.

CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge: Two Institutional Networks Increasing Diversity in Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Impey, Chris David; Phillips, Cynthia B.; Povich, Matthew S.; Prather, Edward E.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A.

2015-01-01

We describe two programs, CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, particularly underrepresented minorities and women, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, leading to an increase in their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field.CAMPARE is an innovative REU-like summer research program, currently in its sixth year, comprising a network of comprehensive universities and community colleges in Southern California and Arizona (most of which are minority serving institutions), and ten major research institutions (University of Arizona Steward Observatory, the SETI Institute, JPL, Caltech, and the five Southern California UC campuses, UCLA, UCI, UCSD, UCR, and UCSB).In its first five summers, CAMPARE sent a total of 49 students from 10 different CSU and community college campuses to 5 research sites of the program. Of these 49 participants, 25 are women and 24 are men; 22 are Hispanic, 4 are African American, and 1 is Native American, including 6 female Hispanic and 2 female African-American participants. Twenty-one (21) CAMPARE participants have graduated from college, and more than half (11) have attended or are attending a graduate program, including 8 enrolled in PhD or Master's-to-PhD programs. Over twenty CAMPARE students have presented at the AAS and other national meetings.The Cal-Bridge program is a diverse network of higher education institutions in Southern California, including 5 UC campuses, 8 CSU campuses, and 7 community colleges dedicated to the goal of increasing the number of underrepresented minority and female students attending graduate school in astronomy or related fields. We have recently selected our inaugural group of five 2014 Cal-Bridge Scholars, including four women (two Hispanic and one part Native American), and one Hispanic man.Once selected, the Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from three years of financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses.

CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge: Two Institutional Networks Increasing Diversity in Astronomy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rudolph, Alexander L.; Impey, Chris David; Phillips, Cynthia B.; Povich, Matthew S.; Prather, Edward E.; Smecker-Hane, Tammy A.

2015-01-01

We describe two programs, CAMPARE and Cal-Bridge, with the common mission of increasing participation of groups traditionally underrepresented in astronomy, particularly underrepresented minorities and women, through summer research opportunities, in the case of CAMPARE, scholarships in the case of Cal-Bridge, and significant mentoring in both programs, leading to an increase in their numbers successfully pursuing a PhD in the field.CAMPARE is an innovative REU-like summer research program, currently in its sixth year, comprising a network of comprehensive universities and community colleges in Southern California and Arizona (most of which are minority serving institutions), and ten major research institutions (University of Arizona Steward Observatory, the SETI Institute, JPL, Caltech, and the five Southern California UC campuses, UCLA, UCI, UCSD, UCR, and UCSB).In its first five summers, CAMPARE sent a total of 49 students from 10 different CSU and community college campuses to 5 research sites of the program. Of these 49 participants, 25 are women and 24 are men; 22 are Hispanic, 4 are African American, and 1 is Native American, including 6 female Hispanic and 2 female African-American participants. Twenty-one (21) CAMPARE participants have graduated from college, and more than half (11) have attended or are attending a graduate program, including 8 enrolled in PhD or Master's-to-PhD programs. Over twenty CAMPARE students have presented at the AAS and other national meetings.The Cal-Bridge program is a diverse network of higher education institutions in Southern California, including 5 UC campuses, 8 CSU campuses, and 7 community colleges dedicated to the goal of increasing the number of underrepresented minority and female students attending graduate school in astronomy or related fields. We have recently selected our inaugural group of five 2014 Cal-Bridge Scholars, including four women (two Hispanic and one part Native American), and one Hispanic man.Once selected, Cal-Bridge Scholars benefit from financial support, intensive, joint mentoring by CSU and UC faculty, professional development workshops, and exposure to research opportunities at the participating UC campuses.

Radar Interferometry for Monitoring the Vibration Characteristics of Buildings and Civil Structures: Recent Case Studies in Spain.

PubMed

Luzi, Guido; Crosetto, Michele; Fernández, Enric

2017-03-24

The potential of a coherent microwave sensor to monitor the vibration characteristics of civil structures has been investigated in the past decade, and successful case studies have been published by different research teams. This remote sensing technique is based on the interferometric processing of real aperture radar acquisitions. Its capability to estimate, simultaneously and remotely, the displacement of different parts of the investigated structures, with high accuracy and repeatability, is its main advantage with respect to conventional sensors. A considerable amount of literature on this technique is available, including various case studies aimed at testing the ambient vibration of bridges, buildings, and towers. In the last years, this technique has been used in Spain for civil structures monitoring. In this paper, three examples of such case studies are described: the monitoring of the suspended bridge crossing the Ebro River at Amposta, the communications tower of Collserola in Barcelona, and an urban building located in Vilafranca del Penedès, a small town close to Barcelona. This paper summarizes the main outcomes of these case studies, underlining the advantages and limitations of the sensors currently available, and concluding with the possible improvements expected from the next generation of sensors.

Is the arthroscopic suture bridge technique suitable for full-thickness rotator cuff tears of any size?

PubMed

Lee, Sung Hyun; Kim, Jeong Woo; Kim, Tae Kyun; Kweon, Seok Hyun; Kang, Hong Je; Kim, Se Jin; Park, Jin Sung

2017-07-01

The purpose of this study was to compare functional outcomes and tendon integrity between the suture bridge and modified tension band techniques for arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. A consecutive series of 128 patients who underwent the modified tension band (MTB group; 69 patients) and suture bridge (SB group; 59 patients) techniques were enrolled. The pain visual analogue scale (VAS), Constant, and American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons (ASES) scores were determined preoperatively and at the final follow-up. Rotator cuff hypotrophy was quantified by calculating the occupation ratio (OR). Rotator cuff integrity and the global fatty degeneration index were determined by using magnetic resonance imaging at 6 months postoperatively. The average VAS, Constant, and ASES scores improved significantly at the final follow-up in both groups (p < 0.05 for all scores). The retear rate of small-to-medium tears was similar in the modified tension band and suture bridge groups (7.0 vs. 6.8%, respectively; p = n.s.). The retear rate of large-to-massive tears was significantly lower in the suture bridge group than in the modified tension band group (33.3 vs. 70%; p = 0.035). Fatty infiltration (postoperative global fatty degeneration index, p = 0.022) and muscle hypotrophy (postoperative OR, p = 0.038) outcomes were significantly better with the suture bridge technique. The retear rate was lower with the suture bridge technique in the case of large-to-massive rotator cuff tears. Additionally, significant improvements in hypotrophy and fatty infiltration of the rotator cuff were obtained with the suture bridge technique, possibly resulting in better anatomical outcomes. The suture bridge technique was a more effective method for the repair of rotator cuff tears of all sizes as compared to the modified tension band technique. Retrospective Cohort Design, Treatment Study, level III.

A Novel Laser and Video-Based Displacement Transducer to Monitor Bridge Deflections

PubMed Central

Vicente, Miguel A.; Gonzalez, Dorys C.; Minguez, Jesus; Schumacher, Thomas

2018-01-01

The measurement of static vertical deflections on bridges continues to be a first-level technological challenge. These data are of great interest, especially for the case of long-term bridge monitoring; in fact, they are perhaps more valuable than any other measurable parameter. This is because material degradation processes and changes of the mechanical properties of the structure due to aging (for example creep and shrinkage in concrete bridges) have a direct impact on the exhibited static vertical deflections. This paper introduces and evaluates an approach to monitor displacements and rotations of structures using a novel laser and video-based displacement transducer (LVBDT). The proposed system combines the use of laser beams, LED lights, and a digital video camera, and was especially designed to capture static and slow-varying displacements. Contrary to other video-based approaches, the camera is located on the bridge, hence allowing to capture displacements at one location. Subsequently, the sensing approach and the procedure to estimate displacements and the rotations are described. Additionally, laboratory and in-service field testing carried out to validate the system are presented and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed sensing approach is robust, accurate, and reliable, and also inexpensive, which are essential for field implementation. PMID:29587380

A Novel Laser and Video-Based Displacement Transducer to Monitor Bridge Deflections.

PubMed

Vicente, Miguel A; Gonzalez, Dorys C; Minguez, Jesus; Schumacher, Thomas

2018-03-25

The measurement of static vertical deflections on bridges continues to be a first-level technological challenge. These data are of great interest, especially for the case of long-term bridge monitoring; in fact, they are perhaps more valuable than any other measurable parameter. This is because material degradation processes and changes of the mechanical properties of the structure due to aging (for example creep and shrinkage in concrete bridges) have a direct impact on the exhibited static vertical deflections. This paper introduces and evaluates an approach to monitor displacements and rotations of structures using a novel laser and video-based displacement transducer (LVBDT). The proposed system combines the use of laser beams, LED lights, and a digital video camera, and was especially designed to capture static and slow-varying displacements. Contrary to other video-based approaches, the camera is located on the bridge, hence allowing to capture displacements at one location. Subsequently, the sensing approach and the procedure to estimate displacements and the rotations are described. Additionally, laboratory and in-service field testing carried out to validate the system are presented and discussed. The results demonstrate that the proposed sensing approach is robust, accurate, and reliable, and also inexpensive, which are essential for field implementation.

Applying Cognitive Neuroscience Research to Education: The Case of Literacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Katzir, Tami; Pare-Blagoev, Juliana

2006-01-01

Neuroscience has provided fascinating glimpses into the brain's development and function. Despite remarkable progress, brain research has not yet been successfully brought to bear in many fields of educational psychology. In this article, work on literacy serves as a test case for an examination of potential future bridges linking mind, brain, and…

Monatomic Au wire with a magnetic Ni impurity: Electronic structure and ballistic conductance

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miura, Yoshio; Mazzarello, Riccardo; Dal Corso, Andrea; Smogunov, Alexander; Tosatti, Erio

2008-11-01

The influence of a magnetic impurity (Ni atom) on the electronic, magnetic, and Landauer conductance properties of a monatomic Au wire is studied by first-principles density-functional calculations. We compare two adsorption geometries: bridge and substitutional. We find that the Ni atom remains magnetic in both cases; however, in the bridge geometry, the total spin is close to 1/2 and the symmetry of the hole is d3z2-r2 while in substitutional it is larger than 1/2 with two degenerate holes with symmetry dyz and dzx . By using the Büttiker-Landauer theory, we find that in the first case the ideal, frozen spin conductance is somewhat diminished by the Ni impurity, although quite sensitive to calculation details such as the position of the empty Ni d and s states, while in the substitutional case conductance remains close to the ideal value G0 (=2e2/h) of the pristine gold wire.

Corrosion of steel in locally deficient concrete.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2009-02-28

This investigation confirmed prior noted trends of extensive preferential chloride intrusion at preexisitng cracks in a majority of cases of substructure members in Florida bridges built with low permeability conventional concrete.

Finite element model updating of multi-span steel-arch-steel-girder bridges based on ambient vibrations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hou, Tsung-Chin; Gao, Wei-Yuan; Chang, Chia-Sheng; Zhu, Guan-Rong; Su, Yu-Min

2017-04-01

The three-span steel-arch-steel-girder Jiaxian Bridge was newly constructed in 2010 to replace the former one that has been destroyed by Typhoon Sinlaku (2008, Taiwan). It was designed and built to continue the domestic service requirement, as well as to improve the tourism business of the Kaohsiung city government, Taiwan. This study aimed at establishing the baseline model of Jiaxian Bridge for hazardous scenario simulation such as typhoons, floods and earthquakes. Necessities of these precaution works were attributed to the inherent vulnerability of the sites: near fault and river cross. The uncalibrated baseline bridge model was built with structural finite element in accordance with the blueprints. Ambient vibration measurements were performed repeatedly to acquire the elastic dynamic characteristics of the bridge structure. Two frequency domain system identification algorithms were employed to extract the measured operational modal parameters. Modal shapes, frequencies, and modal assurance criteria (MAC) were configured as the fitting targets so as to calibrate/update the structural parameters of the baseline model. It has been recognized that different types of structural parameters contribute distinguishably to the fitting targets, as this study has similarly explored. For steel-arch-steel-girder bridges in particular this case, joint rigidity of the steel components was found to be dominant while material properties and section geometries relatively minor. The updated model was capable of providing more rational elastic responses of the bridge superstructure under normal service conditions as well as hazardous scenarios, and can be used for manage the health conditions of the bridge structure.

Thinking Globally: The National College of School Leadership--A Case Study in Distributed Leadership Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dean, Diane R.

2007-01-01

This article presents findings from a case study on the National College of School Leadership (NCSL) in Nottingham, England, an exemplary program that bridges the theory-to-practice gap using distributed leadership philosophies to develop leadership among school administrators and has manifested a positive impact on school leadership in England.…

Graft Utilization in the Bridging Reconstruction of Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears: A Systematic Review.

PubMed

Lewington, Matthew R; Ferguson, Devin P; Smith, T Duncan; Burks, Robert; Coady, Catherine; Wong, Ivan Ho-Bun

2017-11-01

Rotator cuff tears are one of the most common conditions affecting the shoulder. Because of the difficulty in managing massive rotator cuff tears and the inability of standard techniques to prevent arthropathy, surgeons have developed several novel techniques to improve outcomes and ideally alter the natural history. To systematically review the existing literature and analyze reported outcomes to evaluate the effectiveness of using a bridging graft reconstruction technique to treat large to massive irreparable rotator cuff tears. Systematic review. A systematic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and CENTRAL was employed with the key terms "tear," "allograft," and "rotator cuff." Eligibility was determined by a 3-phase screening process according to the outlined inclusion/exclusion criteria. Data in relation to the primary and secondary outcomes were summarized. The results were synthesized according to the origin of the graft and the level of evidence. Fifteen studies in total were included in this review: 2 comparative studies and 13 observational case series. Both the biceps tendon and the fascia lata autograft groups had significantly superior structural integrity rates on magnetic resonance imaging at 12-month minimum follow-up when compared with their partial primary repair counterparts (58% vs 26%, P = .036; 79% vs 58%, P < .05), respectively. Multiple noncomparative case series investigating allografts, xenografts, and synthetic materials for bridging reconstruction of large to massive rotator cuff tears demonstrated high structural healing rates (74%-90%, 73%-100%, and 60%-90%, respectively). Additionally, both comparative studies and case series demonstrated a general improvement of patients' functional outcome scores. Using a graft for an anatomic bridging rotator cuff repair results in improved function on objective testing and may be functionally better than nonanatomic or partial repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears. Allograft or xenograft techniques appear to be favorable options, given demonstrated functional improvement, imaging-supported graft survival, and lack of harvest complication risk. More high-quality randomized controlled studies are needed to further assess this technique.

Critical percolation clusters in seven dimensions and on a complete graph

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Wei; Hou, Pengcheng; Wang, Junfeng; Ziff, Robert M.; Deng, Youjin

2018-02-01

We study critical bond percolation on a seven-dimensional hypercubic lattice with periodic boundary conditions (7D) and on the complete graph (CG) of finite volume (number of vertices) V . We numerically confirm that for both cases, the critical number density n (s ,V ) of clusters of size s obeys a scaling form n (s ,V ) ˜s-τn ˜(s /Vdf*) with identical volume fractal dimension df*=2 /3 and exponent τ =1 +1 /df*=5 /2 . We then classify occupied bonds into bridge bonds, which includes branch and junction bonds, and nonbridge bonds; a bridge bond is a branch bond if and only if its deletion produces at least one tree. Deleting branch bonds from percolation configurations produces leaf-free configurations, whereas deleting all bridge bonds leads to bridge-free configurations composed of blobs. It is shown that the fraction of nonbridge (biconnected) bonds vanishes, ρn ,CG→0 , for large CGs, but converges to a finite value, ρn ,7 D=0.006 193 1 (7 ) , for the 7D hypercube. Further, we observe that while the bridge-free dimension dbf*=1 /3 holds for both the CG and 7D cases, the volume fractal dimensions of the leaf-free clusters are different: dlf,7 D *=0.669 (9 ) ≈2 /3 and dlf,CG *=0.3337 (17 ) ≈1 /3 . On the CG and in 7D, the whole, leaf-free, and bridge-free clusters all have the shortest-path volume fractal dimension dmin*≈1 /3 , characterizing their graph diameters. We also study the behavior of the number and the size distribution of leaf-free and bridge-free clusters. For the number of clusters, we numerically find the number of leaf-free and bridge-free clusters on the CG scale as ˜lnV , while for 7D they scale as ˜V . For the size distribution, we find the behavior on the CG is governed by a modified Fisher exponent τ'=1 , while for leaf-free clusters in 7D, it is governed by Fisher exponent τ =5 /2 . The size distribution of bridge-free clusters in 7D displays two-scaling behavior with exponents τ =4 and τ'=1 . The probability distribution P (C1,V ) d C1 of the largest cluster of size C1 for whole percolation configurations is observed to follow a single-variable function P ¯(x ) d x , with x ≡C1/Vdf* for both CG and 7D. Up to a rescaling factor for the variable x , the probability functions for CG and 7D collapse on top of each other within the entire range of x . The analytical expressions in the x →0 and x →∞ limits are further confirmed. Our work demonstrates that the geometric structure of high-dimensional percolation clusters cannot be fully accounted for by their complete-graph counterparts.

Syncope

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Estimation of potential bridge scour at bridges on state routes in South Dakota, 2003-07

USGS Publications Warehouse

Thompson, Ryan F.; Fosness, Ryan L.

2008-01-01

Flowing water can erode (scour) soils and cause structural failure of a bridge by exposing or undermining bridge foundations (abutments and piers). A rapid scour-estimation technique, known as the level-1.5 method and developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, was used to evaluate potential scour at bridges in South Dakota in a study conducted in cooperation with the South Dakota Department of Transportation. This method was used during 2003-07 to estimate scour for the 100-year and 500-year floods at 734 selected bridges managed by the South Dakota Department of Transportation on State routes in South Dakota. Scour depths and other parameters estimated from the level-1.5 analyses are presented in tabular form. Estimates of potential contraction scour at the 734 bridges ranged from 0 to 33.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 35.8 feet for the 500-year flood. Abutment scour ranged from 0 to 36.9 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 45.9 feet for the 500-year flood. Pier scour ranged from 0 to 30.8 feet for the 100-year flood and from 0 to 30.7 feet for the 500-year flood. The scour depths estimated by using the level-1.5 method can be used by the South Dakota Department of Transportation and others to identify bridges that may be susceptible to scour. Scour at 19 selected bridges also was estimated by using the level-2 method. Estimates of contraction, abutment, and pier scour calculated by using the level-1.5 and level-2 methods are presented in tabular and graphical formats. Compared to level-2 scour estimates, the level-1.5 method generally overestimated scour as designed, or in a few cases slightly underestimated scour. Results of the level-2 analyses were used to develop regression equations for change in head and average velocity through the bridge opening. These regression equations derived from South Dakota data are compared to similar regression equations derived from Montana and Colorado data. Future level-1.5 scour investigations in South Dakota may benefit from the use of these South Dakota-specific regression equations for estimating change in stream head and average velocity at the bridge.

Self-supporting method; an alternative method for steel truss bridge element replacement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arsyad, Muhammad; Sangadji, Senot; As'ad, Sholihin

2017-11-01

Steel truss bridge often requires replacement of its element due to serious damage caused by traffic accidents. This replacement is carried out using temporary supporting structure. It would be difficult when the available space for the temporary structure is quite limited and or the position of work is at a high elevation. The self-supporting method is proposed instead of temporary supporting structure. This paper will discuss an innovative method of bridge rehabilitation by utilizing the existing bridge structure. It requires such temporary connecting structure that installed on the existing bridge element, therefore, the forces during replacement process could be transferred to the bridge foundation directly. By taking the case on a steel truss bridge Jetis Salatiga which requires element replacement due to its damages on two main diagonals, a modeling is carried out to get a proper repair method. Structural analysis is conducted for three temporary connecting structure models: “I,” “V,” and triangular model. Stresses and translations that occur in the structure are used as constraints. Bridge bearings are modeled in two different modes: fixed-fixed system and fixed-free one. Temperature load is given in each condition to obtain the appropriate time for execution. The triangular model is chosen as the best one. In the fixed-fixed mode, this method can be carried out in a temperature range 27-28.8° C, while in fixed-free one, the temperature it is allowed between 27-43.4 °C. The D4 is dismantled first by cutting the D4 leaving an area of 1140.2 mm2 or 127 mm web length to enable plastic condition until the D4 collapses. At the beginning of elongation occurs, immediately performed a slowly jacking on a temporary connecting structure so that the force on D4 is gradually transferred to the temporary connecting structure then the D4 and D5 are set in their place.

From bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane to a flexible P-bridged bis(NHC) ligand and its silver complex.

PubMed

Majhi, Paresh Kumar; Schnakenburg, Gregor; Streubel, Rainer

2014-11-28

Synthesis of the first P(V)-bridged bis(NHC) ligand 7 was achieved via deprotonation of P(V)-functionalized bis(imidazolium) salt 6, which was obtained via oxidative desulfurization of bis(imidazole-2-thion-4-yl)phosphane 2. Bis(imidazolium) salt 6 was also employed to synthesize the corresponding silver complex 8. All new products were firmly established by spectroscopic and spectrometric methods as well as elemental analysis and, in addition, X-ray crystal structure analysis in the case of 3.

Utility of 3D printed temporal bones in pre-surgical planning for complex BoneBridge cases.

PubMed

Mukherjee, Payal; Cheng, Kai; Flanagan, Sean; Greenberg, Simon

2017-08-01

With the advent of single-sided hearing loss increasingly being treated with cochlear implantation, bone conduction implants are reserved for cases of conductive and mixed hearing loss with greater complexity. The BoneBridge (BB, MED-EL, Innsbruck, Austria) is an active fully implantable device with no attenuation of sound energy through soft tissue. However, the floating mass transducer (FMT) part of the device is very bulky, which limits insertion in complicated ears. In this study, 3D printed temporal bones of patients were used to study its utility in preoperative planning on complicated cases. Computed tomography (CT) scans of 16 ears were used to 3D print their temporal bones. Three otologists graded the use of routine preoperative planning provided by MED-EL and that of operating on the 3D printed bone of the patient. Data were collated to assess the advantage and disadvantage of the technology. There was a statistically significant benefit in using 3D printed temporal bones to plan surgery for difficult cases of BoneBridge surgery compared to the current standard. Surgeons preferred to have the printed bones in theatre to plan their drill sites and make the transition of the planning to the patient's operation more precise. 3D printing is an innovative use of technology in the use of preoperative planning for complex ear surgery. Surgical planning can be done on the patient's own anatomy which may help to decrease operating time, reduce cost, increase surgical precision and thus reduce complications.

Behavior of a Liquid Bridge between Nonparallel Hydrophobic Surfaces.

PubMed

Ataei, Mohammadmehdi; Chen, Huanchen; Amirfazli, Alidad

2017-12-26

When a liquid bridge is formed between two nonparallel identical surfaces, it can move along the surfaces. Literature indicates that the direction of bridge movement is governed by the wettability of surfaces. When the surfaces are hydrophilic, the motion of the bridge is always toward the cusp (intersection of the plane of the two bounding surfaces). On the other hand, the movement is hitherto thought to be always pointing away from the cusp when the surfaces are hydrophobic. In this study, through experiments, numerical simulations, and analytical reasoning, we demonstrate that for hydrophobic surfaces, wettability is not the only factor determining the direction of the motion. A new geometrical parameter, i.e., confinement (cf), was defined as the ratio of the distance of the farthest contact point of the bridge to the cusp, and that of the closest contact point to the cusp. The direction of the motion depends on the amount of confinement (cf). When the distance between the surfaces is large (resulting in a small cf), the bridge tends to move toward the cusp through a pinning/depinning mechanism of contact lines. When the distance between the surfaces is small (large cf), the bridge tends to move away from the cusp. For a specific system, a maximum cf value (cf max ) exists. A sliding behavior (i.e., simultaneous advancing on the wider side and receding on the narrower side) can also be seen when a liquid bridge is compressed such that the cf exceeds the cf max . Contact angle hysteresis (CAH) is identified as an underpinning phenomenon that together with cf fundamentally explains the movement of a trapped liquid between two hydrophobic surfaces. If there is no CAH, however, i.e., the case of ideal hydrophobic surfaces, the cf will be a constant; we show that the bridge slides toward the cusp when it is stretched, while it slides away from the cusp when it is compressed (note sliding motion is different from motion due to pinning/depinning mechanism of contact lines). As such, the displacement is only related to geometrical parameters such as the amount of compression (or stretching) and the dihedral angle between the surfaces.

Bridge esthetic guidelines.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1975-01-01

As esthetics is not an exact science, differences of opinion occur, even between experts; however, studies had found that in most cases there were statistical preferences. These preferences are presented. For the convenience of the designer, a format...

A Langevin model for fluctuating contact angle behaviour parametrised using molecular dynamics.

PubMed

Smith, E R; Müller, E A; Craster, R V; Matar, O K

2016-12-06

Molecular dynamics simulations are employed to develop a theoretical model to predict the fluid-solid contact angle as a function of wall-sliding speed incorporating thermal fluctuations. A liquid bridge between counter-sliding walls is studied, with liquid-vapour interface-tracking, to explore the impact of wall-sliding speed on contact angle. The behaviour of the macroscopic contact angle varies linearly over a range of capillary numbers beyond which the liquid bridge pinches off, a behaviour supported by experimental results. Nonetheless, the liquid bridge provides an ideal test case to study molecular scale thermal fluctuations, which are shown to be well described by Gaussian distributions. A Langevin model for contact angle is parametrised to incorporate the mean, fluctuation and auto-correlations over a range of sliding speeds and temperatures. The resulting equations can be used as a proxy for the fully-detailed molecular dynamics simulation allowing them to be integrated within a continuum-scale solver.

The Social Work Role in Reducing 30-Day Readmissions: The Effectiveness of the Bridge Model of Transitional Care.

PubMed

Alvarez, Renae; Ginsburg, Jacob; Grabowski, Jessica; Post, Sharon; Rosenberg, Walter

2016-04-01

The hospital experience is taxing and confusing for patients and their families, particularly those with limited economic and social resources. This complexity often leads to disengagement, poor adherence to the plan of care, and high readmission rates. Novel approaches to addressing the complexities of transitional care are emerging as possible solutions. The Bridge Model is a person-centered, social work-led, interdisciplinary transitional care intervention that helps older adults safely transition from the hospital back to their homes and communities. The Bridge Model combines 3 key components-care coordination, case management, and patient engagement-which provide a seamless transition during this stressful time and improve the overall quality of transitional care for older adults, including reducing hospital readmissions. The post Affordable Care Act (ACA) and managed care environment's emphasis on value and quality support further development and expansion of transitional care strategies, such as the Bridge Model, which offer promising avenues to fulfil the triple aim by improving the quality of individual patient care while also impacting population health and controlling per capita costs.

Varicose Veins

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

A crisis of the heart: an acute reversible cardiomyopathy bridged to recovery in a patient with Addison's disease.

PubMed

Krishnamoorthy, Arun; Mentz, Robert J; Hyland, Kristen A; McMillan, Edward B; Patel, Chetan B; Milano, Carmelo A; Hernandez, Adrian F

2013-01-01

Primary adrenal insufficiency or Addison's disease is a rare disorder often difficult to diagnose on presentation by the nature of its associated nonspecific symptoms, such as nausea or weakness. Cardiovascular complications of the condition are usually limited to hypovolemic hypotension; however, we highlight here a rare, dramatic case of a fulminant adrenal crisis in a young man primarily marked by acute biventricular systolic failure and cardiogenic shock. The patient was successfully treated with corticosteroid replacement and bridged with temporary mechanical circulatory support to eventual complete the recovery of native myocardial function.

Identifying hidden sexual bridging communities in Chicago.

PubMed

Youm, Yoosik; Mackesy-Amiti, Mary Ellen; Williams, Chyvette T; Ouellet, Lawrence J

2009-07-01

Bridge populations can play a central role in the spread of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) by providing transmission links between higher and lower prevalence populations. While social network methods are well suited to the study of bridge populations, analyses tend to focus on dyads (i.e., risk between drug and/or sex partners) and ignore bridges between distinct subpopulations. This study takes initial steps toward moving the analysis of sexual network linkages beyond individual and risk group levels to a community level in which Chicago's 77 community areas are examined as subpopulations for the purpose of identifying potential bridging communities. Of particular interest are "hidden" bridging communities; that is, areas with above-average levels of sexual ties with other areas but whose below-average AIDS prevalence may hide their potential importance for HIV prevention. Data for this analysis came from the first wave of recruiting at the Chicago Sexual Acquisition and Transmission of HIV Cooperative Agreement Program site. Between August 2005 through October 2006, respondent-driven sampling was used to recruit users of heroin, cocaine, or methamphetamine, men who have sex with men regardless of drug use, the sex partners of these two groups, and sex partners of the sex partners. In this cross-sectional study of the sexual transmission of HIV, participants completed a network-focused computer-assisted self-administered interview, which included questions about the geographic locations of sexual contacts with up to six recent partners. Bridging scores for each area were determined using a matrix representing Chicago's 77 community areas and were assessed using two measures: non-redundant ties and flow betweenness. Bridging measures and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) case prevalence rates were plotted for each community area on charts representing four conditions: below-average bridging and AIDS prevalence, below-average bridging and above-average AIDS prevalence, above-average bridging and AIDS prevalence, and above-average bridging and below-average AIDS prevalence (hidden bridgers). The majority of the 1,068 study participants were male (63%), African American (74%), and very poor, and the median age was 44 years. Most (85%) were sexually active, and 725 provided useable geographic information regarding 1,420 sexual partnerships that involved 57 Chicago community areas. Eight community areas met or came close to meeting the definition of hidden bridgers. Six areas were near the city's periphery, and all eight areas likely had high inflows or outflows of low-income persons displaced by gentrification. The results suggest that further research on this method is warranted, and we propose a means for public health officials in other cities to duplicate the analysis.

Long-term Evaluation of Type 2 Thyroplasty with Titanium Bridges for Adductor Spasmodic Dysphonia.

PubMed

Sanuki, Tetsuji; Yumoto, Eiji

2017-07-01

Objectives Standard treatments of adductor spasmodic dysphonia (AdSD) provide temporary relief of symptoms. Type 2 thyroplasty offers a long-term solution; however, long-term voice outcome data are lacking. The objective of this study was to assess the long-term voice outcomes of type 2 thyroplasty with titanium bridges through use of a validated voice questionnaire. Study Design Case series with chart review. Setting University hospital. Subjects and Methods Forty-seven consecutively enrolled patients with AdSD underwent type 2 thyroplasty with titanium bridges between August 2006 and November 2014. Questionnaires were completed during regularly scheduled follow-ups and, in some cases, were sent to patients who missed follow-up appointments. In 2015, questionnaires were mailed to all 47 patients and included a Voice Handicap Index-10 evaluation, as well as questions on postoperative vocal symptoms, surgical site, and status of the implanted titanium bridges. Results Of 47 patients with AdSD, 31 (66%) completed the questionnaires. The average follow-up interval was 41.3 months. No patient reported experiencing an adverse event around the surgical site, and almost all were satisfied with their voices postoperatively. The mean postoperative (>3 years) Voice Handicap Index-10 score improved significantly, from 26.3 to 9.4 (n = 17, P = .0009). Conclusions Type 2 thyroplasty for AdSD significantly improved patient quality of life and voice symptoms and continued to do so long after the surgery. The results of this study suggest that type 2 thyroplasty provides relief from vocal symptoms in patients with AdSD for >3 years.

Performance of the Widely-Used CFD Code OVERFLOW on the Pleides Supercomputer

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Guruswamy, Guru P.

2017-01-01

Computational performance studies were made for NASA's widely used Computational Fluid Dynamics code OVERFLOW on the Pleiades Supercomputer. Two test cases were considered: a full launch vehicle with a grid of 286 million points and a full rotorcraft model with a grid of 614 million points. Computations using up to 8000 cores were run on Sandy Bridge and Ivy Bridge nodes. Performance was monitored using times reported in the day files from the Portable Batch System utility. Results for two grid topologies are presented and compared in detail. Observations and suggestions for future work are made.

Squaraine dyes as efficient coupling bridges between triarylamine redox centres.

PubMed

Völker, Sebastian F; Renz, Manuel; Kaupp, Martin; Lambert, Christoph

2011-12-09

Various indolenine squarylium dyes with additional electron-donating amine redox centres have been synthesised and their redox chemistry has been studied. A combination of cyclic voltammetry, spectro-electrochemistry and DFT calculations has been used to characterise the electronic structure of the mono-, di- and, in one case, trications. All monocations still retain the cyanine-like, delocalised character due to the relatively low redox potential of the squaraine bridge and are therefore compounds of Robin-Day class III. Thus we extended previous studies on organic mixed-valence systems by using the indolenine squaraine moiety as very electron-rich bridge between two electron-donating amine redox centres to provoke a strong coupling between the additional redox centres. We synthesised TA3, which has an N-N distance of 26 bonds between the triarylamine redox centres and is to our knowledge the longest bis(triarylamine) radical cation that is completely delocalised. We furthermore show that altering the symmetry of a squaraine dye by substitution of a squaric ring oxygen atom by a dicyanomethylene group has a direct impact on the optical properties of the monocations. In case of the dications, it turned out that the energetically most stable state of dianisylamine-substituted squaraines is an anti-ferromagnetically coupled open-shell singlet state. Copyright © 2011 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Clinical and radiographic assessment of transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion using HEALOS collagen-hydroxyapatite sponge with autologous bone marrow aspirate.

PubMed

Carter, Jason D; Swearingen, Alan B; Chaput, Christopher D; Rahm, Mark D

2009-06-01

Studies have suggested that the use of bone marrow aspirate (BMA) with HEALOS (DePuy Spine, Raynham, MA), a collagen-hydroxyapatite sponge (CHS), is an effective substitute for autologous iliac crest bone graft when used in fusion procedures of the lumbar spine. To assess clinical and radiographic outcomes after implantation of BMA/CHS in patients undergoing transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with posterolateral fusion (PLF). Case series radiographic outcome study. Twenty patients. Radiographs/computed tomography (CT) scans. From September 2003 to October 2004, 20 patients (22 interbody levels) were implanted with BMA/CHS via TLIF/PLF with interbody cages and posterior pedicle screws. All patients were retrospectively identified and invited for a 2-year prospective follow-up. Plain radiographs with dynamic films and CT scans were taken, and fusion was assessed in a blinded manner. Follow-up averaged 27 months (range: 24-29). Primary diagnosis included spondylolisthesis (17 patients), scoliosis with asymmetric collapse (2 patients), and postdiscectomy foraminal stenosis (1 patient). The overall fusion rate was 95% (21/22 levels, 19/20 patients). Anteriorly bridging bone was observed in 91% of the anteriorly fused levels (20/22), of which 65% (13/20) occurred through and around the cage and 35% (7/20) around the cage only. Unilateral or bilateral bridging of the posterior fusion masses was observed in 91% (20/22), with 55% occurring bilaterally (12/22). In 4 (18%) cases, bridging only occurred either posteriorly (2 cases) or anteriorly (2 cases). Complications included one deep wound infection. At the 2-year follow-up, BMA/CHS showed acceptable fusion rates in patients undergoing TLIF/PLF, and can be considered as an alternative source of graft material.

Radial Artery Catheterization

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Thrombophilia and Hypercoagulability

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Heart-Healthy Exercise

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Heparin-Induced Thrombocytopenia

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Field Testing and Load Rating Report, Bridge S-1090

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-05-01

alignment to the road- way. The steel beams are rolled sections with cover plates welded to the bottom flange. Shear stud connectors were specified...live-load and superimposed dead-loads. In this case, there was no wearing surface on the bridge, and all dead-loads were applied to the...and live-load at Section G_Standard MCap 1021.9 kN-m Superimposed dead-load applied to composite model— wearing surface and railing DW 0.0 kN-m

Two-Dimensional Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge under Wave Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seeram, Madhuri; Manohar, Y.

2018-06-01

In the present study finite element analysis is performed for a modified fan type cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS Mechanical. A cable stayed bridge with two towers and main deck is considered for the present study. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate natural frequencies. The obtained natural frequencies and mode shapes of cable stayed bridge are compared to the existing results. Further studies have been conducted for offshore area application by increasing the pylon/tower height depending upon the water depth. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are evaluated for the cable stayed bridge for offshore area application. The results indicate that the natural periods are higher than the existing results due to the effect of increase in mass of the structure and decrease in stiffness of the pylon/tower. The cable stayed bridge is analyzed under various environmental loads such as dead, live, vehicle, seismic and wave loading. Morison equation is considered to evaluate the wave force. The sum of inertia and drag force is taken as the wave force distribution along the fluid interacting height of the pylon. Airy's wave theory is used to assess water particle kinematics, for the wave periods ranging from 5 to 20 s and unit wave height. The maximum wave force among the different regular waves is considered in the wave load case. The support reactions, moments and deflections for offshore area application are highlighted. It is observed that the maximum support reactions and support moments are obtained due to wave and earthquake loading respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the wave and earthquake forces shall be given significance in the design of cable stayed bridge.

Two-Dimensional Analysis of Cable Stayed Bridge under Wave Loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seeram, Madhuri; Manohar, Y.

2018-02-01

In the present study finite element analysis is performed for a modified fan type cable-stayed bridge using ANSYS Mechanical. A cable stayed bridge with two towers and main deck is considered for the present study. Dynamic analysis is performed to evaluate natural frequencies. The obtained natural frequencies and mode shapes of cable stayed bridge are compared to the existing results. Further studies have been conducted for offshore area application by increasing the pylon/tower height depending upon the water depth. Natural frequencies and mode shapes are evaluated for the cable stayed bridge for offshore area application. The results indicate that the natural periods are higher than the existing results due to the effect of increase in mass of the structure and decrease in stiffness of the pylon/tower. The cable stayed bridge is analyzed under various environmental loads such as dead, live, vehicle, seismic and wave loading. Morison equation is considered to evaluate the wave force. The sum of inertia and drag force is taken as the wave force distribution along the fluid interacting height of the pylon. Airy's wave theory is used to assess water particle kinematics, for the wave periods ranging from 5 to 20 s and unit wave height. The maximum wave force among the different regular waves is considered in the wave load case. The support reactions, moments and deflections for offshore area application are highlighted. It is observed that the maximum support reactions and support moments are obtained due to wave and earthquake loading respectively. Hence, it is concluded that the wave and earthquake forces shall be given significance in the design of cable stayed bridge.

A case report of ophthalmic artery emboli secondary to Calcium Hydroxylapatite filler injection for nose augmentation- long-term outcome.

PubMed

Cohen, Eyal; Yatziv, Yossi; Leibovitch, Igal; Kesler, Anat; Cnaan, Ran Ben; Klein, Ainat; Goldenberg, Dafna; Habot-Wilner, Zohar

2016-07-08

Filler injection for face augmentation is a common cosmetic procedure in the last decades, in our case report we describe long-term outcomes of a devastating complication of ophthalmic artery emboli following Calcium Hydroxylapatite filler injection to the nose bridge. A healthy 24-year-old women received a Calcium Hydroxylapatite filler injection to her nose bridge for the correction of nose asymmetry 8 years post rhinoplasty. She developed sudden right eye ocular pain and visual disturbances. Visual acuity was 20/20 in both eyes and visual field in the right eye showed inferior arch with fixation sparing and supero-temporal central scotoma. Examination revealed marked periorbital edema and hematoma, ptosis, ocular movements limitation, an infero-temporal branch retinal artery occlusion and multiple choroidal emboli. Eighteen months post initial presentation ptosis and eye movements returned normal and choroidal emboli absorbed almost completely. However, visual acuity declined to 20/60, visual field showed severe progressive deterioration with a central and supero-nasal field remnant and the optic disc became pallor. Cosmetic injection of calcium hydroxylapatite to the nose bridge can result in arterial emboli to the ophthalmic system with optic nerve, retinal and choroidal involvement causing long term severe visual acuity and visual field impairment.

Solutions of burnt-bridge models for molecular motor transport

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Morozov, Alexander Yu.; Pronina, Ekaterina; Kolomeisky, Anatoly B.; Artyomov, Maxim N.

2007-03-01

Transport of molecular motors, stimulated by interactions with specific links between consecutive binding sites (called “bridges”), is investigated theoretically by analyzing discrete-state stochastic “burnt-bridge” models. When an unbiased diffusing particle crosses the bridge, the link can be destroyed (“burned”) with a probability p , creating a biased directed motion for the particle. It is shown that for probability of burning p=1 the system can be mapped into a one-dimensional single-particle hopping model along the periodic infinite lattice that allows one to calculate exactly all dynamic properties. For the general case of p<1 a theoretical method is developed and dynamic properties are computed explicitly. Discrete-time and continuous-time dynamics for periodic distribution of bridges and different burning dynamics are analyzed and compared. Analytical predictions are supported by extensive Monte Carlo computer simulations. Theoretical results are applied for analysis of the experiments on collagenase motor proteins.

Myocardial Bridge and Acute Plaque Rupture

PubMed Central

Perl, Leor; Daniels, David; Schwartz, Jonathan; Tanaka, Shige; Yeung, Alan; Tremmel, Jennifer A.; Schnittger, Ingela

2016-01-01

A myocardial bridge (MB) is a common anatomic variant, most frequently located in the left anterior descending coronary artery, where a portion of the coronary artery is covered by myocardium. Importantly, MBs are known to result in a proximal atherosclerotic lesion. It has recently been postulated that these lesions predispose patients to acute coronary events, even in cases of otherwise low-risk patients. One such mechanism may involve acute plaque rupture. In this article, we report 2 cases of patients with MBs who presented with acute coronary syndromes despite having low cardiovascular risk. Their presentation was life-risking and both were treated urgently and studied with coronary angiographies and intravascular ultrasound. This latter modality confirmed a rupture of an atherosclerotic plaque proximal to the MB as a likely cause of the acute events. These cases, of unexplained acute coronary syndrome in low-risk patients, raise the question of alternative processes leading to the event and the role MB play as an underlying cause of ruptured plaques. In some cases, an active investigation for this entity may be warranted, due to the prognostic implications of the different therapeutic modalities, should an MB be discovered. PMID:28251167

CW EPR parameters reveal cytochrome P450 ligand binding modes.

PubMed

Lockart, Molly M; Rodriguez, Carlo A; Atkins, William M; Bowman, Michael K

2018-06-01

Cytochrome P450 (CYP) monoxygenses utilize heme cofactors to catalyze oxidation reactions. They play a critical role in metabolism of many classes of drugs, are an attractive target for drug development, and mediate several prominent drug interactions. Many substrates and inhibitors alter the spin state of the ferric heme by displacing the heme's axial water ligand in the resting enzyme to yield a five-coordinate iron complex, or they replace the axial water to yield a nitrogen-ligated six-coordinate iron complex, which are traditionally assigned by UV-vis spectroscopy. However, crystal structures and recent pulsed electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) studies find a few cases where molecules hydrogen bond to the axial water. The water-bridged drug-H 2 O-heme has UV-vis spectra similar to nitrogen-ligated, six-coordinate complexes, but are closer to "reverse type I" complexes described in older liteature. Here, pulsed and continuous wave (CW) EPR demonstrate that water-bridged complexes are remarkably common among a range of nitrogenous drugs or drug fragments that bind to CYP3A4 or CYP2C9. Principal component analysis reveals a distinct clustering of CW EPR spectral parameters for water-bridged complexes. CW EPR reveals heterogeneous mixtures of ligated states, including multiple directly-coordinated complexes and water-bridged complexes. These results suggest that water-bridged complexes are under-represented in CYP structural databases and can have energies similar to other ligation modes. The data indicates that water-bridged binding modes can be identified and distinguished from directly-coordinated binding by CW EPR. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Bridging communication between public and government: a case study on kim surabaya

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aji, G. G.; Tsuroyya; Dewi, P. A. R.

2018-01-01

In democratic era, the public communication paradigm has shifted from a one-way socialization to more interactive one. As a consequence of freedom of speech, the public can Actively communicate with the government and vice versa. The problem is government is almost impossible to reach all public groups. Therefore, they has created the concept of social institutions as a communication hub between the government and its public, named the Kelompok Informasi Masyarakat (KIM). This research examines the activity of KIM in Surabaya on bridging public between government and the public. Using a case study approach, this research utilized various techniques of data collection such as: interviews, observation, and documentation. The results Showed that KIM plays a role in the two-way flow of information; to diseminate program and submit complaints and suggestions from the public about the policy. This study confirm the urgency of utilization on various channels in communicating with the public.

Demonstration Assessment of Light-Emitting Diode (LED) Roadway Lighting at the I-35W Bridge, Minneapolis, MN

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kinzey, Bruce R.; Myer, Michael

2009-08-31

This report describes the process and results of a demonstration of solid-state lighting (SSL) technology conducted in 2009 at the recently reconstructed I-35W bridge in Minneapolis, MN. The project was supported under the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Solid-State Lighting GATEWAY Technology Demonstration Program. Other participants in the demonstration project included the Minnesota Department of Transportation (Mn/DOT), Federal Highways Administration (FHWA), and BetaLED™ (a division of Ruud Lighting). Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) conducted the measurements and analysis of the results. DOE has implemented a three-year evaluation of the LED luminaires in this installation in order to develop new longitudinalmore » field data on LED performance in a challenging, real-world environment. This document provides information through the initial phase of the I-35W bridge project, up to and including the opening of the bridge to the public and the initial feedback received on the LED lighting installation from bridge users. Initial findings of the evaluation are favorable, with minimum energy savings level of 13% for the LED installation relative to the simulated base case using 250W high-pressure sodium (HPS) fixtures. The LEDs had an average illuminance level of 0.91 foot candles compared to 1.29 fc for the HPS lamps. The LED luminaires cost $38,000 more than HPS lamps, yielding a lengthy payback period, however the bridge contractor had offered to include the LED luminaires as part of the construction package at no additional cost. One potentially significant benefit of the LEDs in this installation is avoiding rolling lane closures on the heavily-traveled interstate bridge for the purpose of relamping the HPS fixtures. Rolling lane closures involve multiple crew members and various maintenance and safety vehicles, diversion of traffic, as well as related administrative tasks (e.g., approvals, scheduling, etc.). Mn/DOT records show an average cost of relamping fixtures along interstate roadways of between $130-150 per pole. The previous bridge saw a lamp mortality rate of approximately 50% every two years, though the new bridge was designed to minimize many of the vibration issues. A voluntary Web-based feedback survey of nearly 500 self-described bridge users showed strong preference for the LED lighting - positive comments outnumbered negative ones by about five-to-one.« less

Cases on Technological Adaptability and Transnational Learning: Issues and Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mukerji, Siran, Ed.; Tripathi, Purnendu, Ed.

2010-01-01

Technology holds the key for bridging the gap between access to quality education and the need for enhanced learning experiences. This book contains case studies on divergent themes of personalized learning environments, inclusive learning for social change, innovative learning and assessment techniques, technology and international partnership…

High fidelity studies of exploding foil initiator bridges, Part 2: Experimental results

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Neal, William; Bowden, Mike

2017-01-01

Simulations of high voltage detonators, such as Exploding Bridgewire (EBW) and Exploding Foil Initiators (EFI), have historically been simple, often empirical, one-dimensional models capable of predicting parameters such as current, voltage, and in the case of EFIs, flyer velocity. Experimental methods have correspondingly generally been limited to the same parameters. With the advent of complex, first principles magnetohydrodynamic codes such as ALEGRA MHD, it is now possible to simulate these components in three dimensions and predict greater range of parameters than before. A significant improvement in experimental capability was therefore required to ensure these simulations could be adequately verified. In this second paper of a three part study, data is presented from a flexible foil EFI header experiment. This study has shown that there is significant bridge expansion before time of peak voltage and that heating within the bridge material is spatially affected by the microstructure of the metal foil.

Bridge reliability assessment based on the PDF of long-term monitored extreme strains

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jiao, Meiju; Sun, Limin

2011-04-01

Structural health monitoring (SHM) systems can provide valuable information for the evaluation of bridge performance. As the development and implementation of SHM technology in recent years, the data mining and use has received increasingly attention and interests in civil engineering. Based on the principle of probabilistic and statistics, a reliability approach provides a rational basis for analysis of the randomness in loads and their effects on structures. A novel approach combined SHM systems with reliability method to evaluate the reliability of a cable-stayed bridge instrumented with SHM systems was presented in this paper. In this study, the reliability of the steel girder of the cable-stayed bridge was denoted by failure probability directly instead of reliability index as commonly used. Under the assumption that the probability distributions of the resistance are independent to the responses of structures, a formulation of failure probability was deduced. Then, as a main factor in the formulation, the probability density function (PDF) of the strain at sensor locations based on the monitoring data was evaluated and verified. That Donghai Bridge was taken as an example for the application of the proposed approach followed. In the case study, 4 years' monitoring data since the operation of the SHM systems was processed, and the reliability assessment results were discussed. Finally, the sensitivity and accuracy of the novel approach compared with FORM was discussed.

Building Bridges: A Case Study of the Perceptions of Parents of Students with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) towards Family

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lautenbacher, Susan L.

2013-01-01

This qualitative case study examines the perceptions of parents of students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) towards family/school partnerships. Interviews were conducted with parents of children with autism that belonged to a parent support group in western Pennsylvania. The resulting interviews cast light on the motivators and barriers that…

Journeys, Adventures, Bridges and Puzzles: A Case Study Approach to Understanding Teachers' Conceptions of STEM

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kenney, Meghan

2013-01-01

Legislative changes and discussions about the United States falling further and further behind other nations in science, technology, engineering, and math (STEM) achievement are growing. As they grow, STEM instruction in elementary school has earned its place as a national area of interest in education. In the case of Ivory School District,…

Character Education as a Bridge from Elementary to Middle School: A Case Study of Effective Practices and Processes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Khoury, Ruba

2017-01-01

This qualitative single-case study illuminates the significance of effective character education implementation during elementary school years as students transition into middle school. The researcher conducted the study in an American school that consisted of two divisions: K-6 lower division and 7-12 upper division. The lower-school division was…

Bridging the Research to Practice Gap: A Case Study Approach to Understanding EIBI Supports and Barriers in Swedish Preschools

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Roll-Pettersson, Lise; Olsson, Ingrid; Ala'i-Rosales, Shahla

2016-01-01

The present study examined proximal and distal barriers and supports within the Swedish service system that may affect implementation of early and intensive behavioral intervention (EIBI) for children with autism. A case study approach with roots in ethnography was chosen to explore this issue. Two preschools exemplifying "high quality…

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Danilina, L.I.; Iretskii, A.V.; Kukushkin, Yu.N.

The phosphoniodithiocarboxylato complexes (RhCOA(PPh/sub 3/)(S/sub 2/CPPh/sub 3/))/sup +/ have been obtained by reacting (RhCOA(PPh/sub 3/)/sub 2/)Y (Y = ClO/sub 4//sup -/, NO/sub 3//sup -/) and (Rh(CO)/sub 2/ACl) with CS/sub 2/ in the presence of PPh/sub 3/. In solution they readily eliminate CS/sub 2/ and are converted into (RhCOA(PPh/sub 3/)/sub 2/)/sup +/ (A = py, ..gamma..-pic). Analogous reactions also take place in the case of the bridged complexes with A = 4,4'bipy, the bridged structure of the complexes formed being maintained.

Effect of matrix chemical heterogeneity on effective filler interactions in model polymer nanocomposites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, Lisa; Schweizer, Kenneth

2010-03-01

The microscopic Polymer Reference Interaction Site Model theory has been applied to spherical and rodlike fillers dissolved in three types of chemically heterogeneous polymer melts: alternating AB copolymer, random AB copolymers, and an equimolar blend of two homopolymers. In each case, one monomer species adsorbs more strongly on the filler mimicking a specific attraction, while all inter-monomer potentials are hard core which precludes macrophase or microphase separation. Qualitative differences in the filler potential-of-mean force are predicted relative to the homopolymer case. The adsorbed bound layer for alternating copolymers exhibits a spatial moduluation or layering effect but is otherwise similar to that of the homopolymer system. Random copolymers and the polymer blend mediate a novel strong, long-range bridging interaction between fillers at moderate to high adsorption strengths. The bridging strength is a non-monotonic function of random copolymer composition, reflecting subtle competing enthalpic and entropic considerations.

Total Artificial Heart Bridge to Transplantation for a Patient With Occult Intracardiac Malignancy: Case Report.

PubMed

Reich, H; Czer, L; Bannykh, S; De Robertis, M; Wolin, E; Amersi, F; Moriguchi, J; Kobashigawa, J; Arabia, F

2015-09-01

Malignancy is the leading cause of long-term morbidity and mortality after heart and other solid organ transplantation; therefore, great emphasis is placed on pre- and post-transplantation cancer screening. Even with meticulous screening during evaluation for heart transplant candidacy, an occult cancer may not be apparent. Here, we share the case of a 51-year-old man with refractory heart failure who underwent total artificial heart implantation as a bridge to transplantation with the surprise finding of an isolated deposit of metastatic carcinoid tumor nested within a left ventricular papillary muscle in his explanted heart. The primary ileal carcinoid tumor was identified and resected completely. After remaining cancer-free for 14 months, he was listed for heart transplantation and was transplanted 2 months later. He is currently 3.5 months out from heart transplantation and doing well, without evidence of recurring malignancy. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transition wave in the collapse of the San Saba bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brun, Michele; Giaccu, Gian Felice; Movchan, Alexander; Slepyan, Leonid

2014-09-01

A domino wave is a well-known illustration of a transition wave, which appears to reach a stable regime of propagation. Nature also provides spectacular cases of gravity driven transition waves at large scale, observed in snow avalanches and landslides. On a different scale, the micro-structure level interaction between different constituents of the macro-system may influence critical regimes leading to instabilities in avalanche-like flow systems. Most transition waves observed in systems such as bulletproof vests, racing helmets under impact, shock-wave driven fracture in solids, are transient. For some structured waveguides a transition wave may stabilize to achieve a steady regime. Here we show that the failure of a long bridge is also driven by a transition wave that may allow for steady-state regimes. The recent observation of a failure of the San Saba Bridge in Texas provides experimental evidence supporting an elegant theory based on the notion of transition failure wave. No one would think of an analogy between a snow avalanche and a collapsing bridge. Despite an apparent controversy of such a comparison, these two phenomena can both be described in the framework of a model of the dynamic gravity driven transition fault.

Energy harvesting from electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers for structural health monitoring of a cable-stayed bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Maruccio, Claudio; Quaranta, Giuseppe; De Lorenzis, Laura; Monti, Giorgio

2016-08-01

Wireless monitoring could greatly impact the fields of structural health assessment and infrastructure asset management. A common problem to be tackled in wireless networks is the electric power supply, which is typically provided by batteries replaced periodically. A promising remedy for this issue would be to harvest ambient energy. Within this framework, the present paper proposes to harvest ambient-induced vibrations of bridge structures using a new class of piezoelectric textiles. The considered case study is an existing cable-stayed bridge located in Italy along a high-speed road that connects Rome and Naples, for which a recent monitoring campaign has allowed to record the dynamic responses of deck and cables. Vibration measurements have been first elaborated to provide a comprehensive dynamic assessment of this infrastructure. In order to enhance the electric energy that can be converted from ambient vibrations, the considered energy harvester exploits a power generator built using arrays of electrospun piezoelectric nanofibers. A finite element analysis is performed to demonstrate that such power generator is able to provide higher energy levels from recorded dynamic loading time histories than a standard piezoelectric energy harvester. Its feasibility for bridge health monitoring applications is finally discussed.

Characterization of Trinuclear Oxo Bridged Cobalt Complexes in Isolation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lang, Johannes; Fries, Daniela V.; Niedner-Schatteburg, Gereon

2018-05-01

This study elucidates molecular structures, fragmentation pathways and relative stabilities of isolated trinuclear oxo bridged cobalt complexes of the structural type [Co3O(OAc)6(Py)n]+ (OAc=acetate, Py=pyridine, n=0, 1, 2, 3). We present infrared multiple photon dissociation (IR-MPD) spectra in combination with quantum chemical calculations. They indicate that the coordination of axial pyridine ligands to the [Co3O(OAc)6]+ subunit disturbs the triangular geometry of the Co3O core. [Co3O(OAc)6]+ exhibits a nearly equilateral triangular Co3O core geometry. The coordination of one or two pyridine ligands disturbs this arrangement resulting in isosceles triangular Co3O core geometries (in the cases of n=1 and 2). Coordination of three pyridine ligands (n=3) results in an equilateral triangular Co3O core geometry as in the case of n=0. Collision induced dissociation (CID) studies reveal that the complexes undergo a consecutive elimination of pyridine and acetate ligands with increasing excitation energy. Relative stabilities of the complexes decrease with the number of coordinated pyridine ligands. The presented results help to gain a fundamental insight into the molecular structure of trinuclear oxo bridged cobalt complexes void of any external effects such as crystal packing or solvation.

Contact allergic gastritis: an underdiagnosed entity?

PubMed Central

Pföhler, Claudia; Körner, Rebecca; Vogt, Thomas; Müller, Cornelia S L

2012-01-01

Only a few cases of contact allergic gastritis in patients with nickel allergy have been reported. We report a case of probable contact-allergic gastritis in a 46-year-old woman. Clinical examination revealed lichenoid mucosal lesions of the gums adjacent to bridges and crowns that had been implanted several weeks back. Since implantation, the patient had suffered from gastrointestinal complaints (including stomach pain). Gastroscopy showed eosinophilic gastritis. Patch testing done under the diagnosis of contact allergic stomatitis showed positive reactions to: gold sodium thiosulphate; manganese (II) chloride; nickel (II) sulphate; palladium chloride; vanadium (III) chloride and zirconium (IV) chloride. The crowns and bridge contained gold, palladium and zirconium chloride, hence they were replaced by titan-based dentition. Shortly after replacing the artificial dentition, all gastrointestinal symptoms resolved spontaneously without further treatment. Delayed-type allergy against the components of artificial dentition seemed to be the cause of gastritis. PMID:23192576

Radar Interferometry for Monitoring the Vibration Characteristics of Buildings and Civil Structures: Recent Case Studies in Spain

PubMed Central

Luzi, Guido; Crosetto, Michele; Fernández, Enric

2017-01-01

The potential of a coherent microwave sensor to monitor the vibration characteristics of civil structures has been investigated in the past decade, and successful case studies have been published by different research teams. This remote sensing technique is based on the interferometric processing of real aperture radar acquisitions. Its capability to estimate, simultaneously and remotely, the displacement of different parts of the investigated structures, with high accuracy and repeatability, is its main advantage with respect to conventional sensors. A considerable amount of literature on this technique is available, including various case studies aimed at testing the ambient vibration of bridges, buildings, and towers. In the last years, this technique has been used in Spain for civil structures monitoring. In this paper, three examples of such case studies are described: the monitoring of the suspended bridge crossing the Ebro River at Amposta, the communications tower of Collserola in Barcelona, and an urban building located in Vilafranca del Penedès, a small town close to Barcelona. This paper summarizes the main outcomes of these case studies, underlining the advantages and limitations of the sensors currently available, and concluding with the possible improvements expected from the next generation of sensors. PMID:28338604

Catheter Ablation of Ventricular Tachycardia

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Radiation from Cardiac Imaging Tests

MedlinePlus

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Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation

MedlinePlus

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Donor-bridge-acceptor energetics determine the distance dependence of electron tunneling in DNA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lewis, Frederick D.; Liu, Jianqin; Weigel, Wilfried; Rettig, Wolfgang; Kurnikov, Igor V.; Beratan, David N.

2002-10-01

Electron transfer (ET) processes in DNA are of current interest because of their involvement in oxidative strand cleavage reactions and their relevance to the development of molecular electronics. Two mechanisms have been identified for ET in DNA, a single-step tunneling process and a multistep charge-hopping process. The dynamics of tunneling reactions depend on both the distance between the electron donor and acceptor and the nature of the molecular bridge separating the donor and acceptor. In the case of protein and alkane bridges, the distance dependence is not strongly dependent on the properties of the donor and acceptor. In contrast, we show here that the distance decay of DNA ET rates varies markedly with the energetics of the donor and acceptor relative to the bridge. Specifically, we find that an increase in the energy of the bridge states by 0.25 eV (1 eV = 1.602 × 1019 J) relative to the donor and acceptor energies for photochemical oxidation of nucleotides, without changing the reaction free energy, results in an increase in the characteristic exponential distance decay constant for the ET rates from 0.71 to 1.1 Å1. These results show that, in the small tunneling energy gap regime of DNA ET, the distance dependence is not universal; it varies strongly with the tunneling energy gap. These DNA ET reactions fill a "missing link" or transition regime between the large barrier (rapidly decaying) tunneling regime and the (slowly decaying) hopping regime in the general theory of bridge-mediated ET processes.

Stabilization of a tetrameric malate dehydrogenase by introduction of a disulfide bridge at the dimer-dimer interface.

PubMed

Bjørk, Alexandra; Dalhus, Bjørn; Mantzilas, Dimitrios; Eijsink, Vincent G H; Sirevåg, Reidun

2003-12-05

Malate dehydrogenase (MDH) from the moderately thermophilic bacterium Chloroflexus aurantiacus (CaMDH) is a tetrameric enzyme, while MDHs from mesophilic organisms usually are dimers. To investigate the potential contribution of the extra dimer-dimer interface in CaMDH with respect to thermal stability, we have engineered an intersubunit disulfide bridge designed to strengthen dimer-dimer interactions. The resulting mutant (T187C, containing two 187-187 disulfide bridges in the tetramer) showed a 200-fold increase in half-life at 75 degrees C and an increase of 15 deg. C in apparent melting temperature compared to the wild-type. The crystal structure of the mutant (solved at 1.75 A resolution) was essentially identical with that of the wild-type, with the exception of the added inter-dimer disulfide bridge and the loss of an aromatic intra-dimer contact. Remarkably, the mutant and the wild-type had similar temperature optima and activities at their temperature optima, thus providing a clear case of uncoupling of thermal stability and thermoactivity. The results show that tetramerization may contribute to MDH stability to an extent that depends strongly on the number of stabilizing interactions in the dimer-dimer interface.

Biliary access in technically difficult biliary cannulation: the mucosal bridge technique

PubMed Central

Thomas, Rebecca; Shah, Suhaila Rizal; Worthley, Christopher S

2009-01-01

Background: The use of precut sphincterotomy during endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) facilitates selective bile duct access in difficult procedures. However, it is also associated with high rates of complications. Several techniques for precut sphincterotomy have been described in the literature. This paper reports our experience with a non-needle-knife technique for precut sphincterotomy, namely, the mucosal bridge technique. Methods: We analysed the experience of a single surgical endoscopist at our centre in performing precut sphincterotomies by retrospectively examining information in the database for January 2002 to February 2008, which had been stored prospectively using Endoscribe. Results: The mucosal bridge technique was performed in 16 (3.19%) of 501 patients. Success rates were 75% and 100% after first and second ERCPs, respectively. The failure of initial procedures was caused by bleeding, tissue oedema, poorly visualized papilla or a poorly distensible duodenum and oedematous papilla. There were four cases of complications, which included periductular extravasation of contrast, bleeding, and sepsis in two patients. However, these complications were not a direct consequence of the precut sphincterotomy. Conclusions: The mucosal bridge technique can be used to increase the likelihood of successful bile duct cannulation, thus preventing the need for a second intervention. PMID:19590645

Integrative Technologies and Knowledge Gatekeepers: Bridging the Gap between Epistemic Communities in the Case of Stem Cell Science

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wink, Rudiger

2008-01-01

The article analyses the role of gatekeepers between regional and disciplinary innovation systems in stem cell research as a case of integrative technologies. Which kind of gatekeepers is needed and which function can be fulfilled, differs along the knowledge value chain. Empirical results are used to explain the rationality of stem cell policies…

What to Expect during Cardiac Catheterization

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Abriendo Caminos Para La Educacion: A Case Study of a Parent Outreach Initiative Building on the Knowledge, Skills, and Resources of the Latina/o Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fernandez, Graciela

2010-01-01

Informed by research studies that demonstrate a positive relationship between parent engagement and student academic attainment, state and national parent outreach initiatives have aimed to bridge the gap between Latina/o parents and schools. Such was the case with the Latina/o Family, School and Community "Avanzando" Project, which…

Cubes, squares, and books: a simple transition metal/bridging ligand combination can lead to a surprising range of structural types with the same metal/ligand proportions.

PubMed

Najar, Adel M; Tidmarsh, Ian S; Adams, Harry; Ward, Michael D

2009-12-21

Reaction of two structurally related bridging ligands L(26Py) and L(13Ph), in which two bidentate chelating pyrazolyl-pyridine units are connected to either a 2,6-pyridine-diyl or 1,3-benzene-diyl central group via methylene spacers, with first-row transition metal dications, results in a surprising variety of structures. The commonest is that of an octanuclear coordination cage [M(8)L(12)]X(16) [M = Co(II) or Zn(II); X = perchlorate or tetrafluoroborate] in which a metal ion is located at each of the eight vertices of an approximate cube, and one bis-bidentate bridging ligand spans each edge. The arrangement of fac and mer tris-chelate metal centers around the inversion center results in approximate (non-crystallographic) S(6) symmetry. Another structural type observed in the solid state is a hexanuclear complex [Co(6)(L(13Ph))(9)](ClO(4))(12) in which the six metal ions are in a rectangular array (two rows of three), folded about the central Co-Co vector like a partially open book, with each metal-metal edge containing one bridging ligand apart from the two outermost metal-metal edges which are spanned by a pair of bridging ligands in a double helical array. The final structural type we observed is a tetranuclear square [Ni(4)(L(26Py))(6)](BF(4))(8), with the four Ni-Ni edges spanned alternately by one and two bridging ligand such that it effectively consists of two dinuclear double helicates cross-linked by additional bridging ligands. A balance between the "cube" and "book" forms, which varied from compound to compound, was observed in solution in many cases by (1)H NMR and ES mass spectrometry studies.

Langmuir-Blodgett deposition selects carboxylate headgroup coordination

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukherjee, Smita; Datta, Alokmay

2011-10-01

Infrared reflection-absorption spectroscopy results on stearic acid Langmuir monolayers containing Mn, Co, and Cd ions show that on the water surface, the ions induce unidentate and bidentate (both chelate and bridged) coordination in the carboxylate headgroup with some trace of undissociated acid. Moreover, with Cd and Mn ions in subphase, the preferred coordination is found to be unidentate, whereas for Co, bidentate chelate is most preferred. After transfer onto amorphous substrate, not all coordinations are found to exist in the same ratio for the deposited metal stearate monolayers. More specifically, after transfer, Mn is found to coordinate with the carboxylate group as bidentate chelate, Cd as unidentate and bidentate bridged (with unidentate as the preferred coordination), and Co as preferably bidentate bridged (although all coordinations are present). Results suggest a specific interaction in each case, as the metal-carboxylate pair at the water surface is transferred to the substrate surface during Langmuir-Blodgett deposition.

ECMO and cytokine removal for bridging to surgery in a patient with ischemic ventricular septal defect - a case report.

PubMed

Marek, Stefanie; Gamper, Gunnar; Reining, Georg; Bergmann, Peter; Mayr, Harald; Kliegel, Andreas

2017-09-15

Even in the modern era of percutaneous coronary intervention, postinfarction ventricular septal defect (VSD) remains a serious and often lethal complication. Whether or not immediate surgical repair or delaying surgery a few days aided by intra-aortic counterpulsation provides the optimal strategy remains a matter of debate. An interdisciplinary approach of intensivists and cardiac surgeons in this setting is mandatory. We report the use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and extracorporeal blood purification therapy (CytoSorb®) as bridging to surgical closure in a patient with an ischemic VSD leading to protracted cardiogenic shock after posterior myocardial infarction.

Revealing the hidden structures of an historical bridge by high resolution geophysical methods : A case study of Pont de Coq, France

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antoine, R.; Fauchard, C.

2012-04-01

In the last decades, public institutions have shown an increased interest in heritage conservation and monuments protection. Geophysical methods have been used for 20 years as powerful tools to assist in the curation of buildings. Ancient masonry bridges usually exhibit a complex structure/geometry. This complexity makes the use of combined geophysical methods highly necessary to obtain a meaningful model of the internal structure of such constructions and their environment. A high resolution geophysical survey was carried out at a stone arch bridge called Pont de Coq and located near Menerval, Normandy (France) in 2011. This decameter-sized bridge was built 400 years ago and crosses the Epte river, which is a tributary of the Seine river. The main objective of this work was to evaluate the structural state of the bridge and its vicinities. Two complementary methods were used : Electrical Resistivity tomography (ERT) and Ground Penetrating radar (GPR). Several profiles were realized along the road crossing the bridge and transversally to the construction, as well as on the two banks of the Epte river. High resolution electrical resistivity data were obtained both in the horizontal and vertical direction up to 8 meter-depth by two ERT methods (Wenner/Schlumberger and dipole-dipole). The GPR was used with shielded antennas at three different frequencies (200 MHz, 400 MHz and 1.5 GHz). This approach lead to the investigation of the subsurface up to approximately 6 meters-depth, with a resolution in the range of 0.04 m-0.40m. An excellent correlation is obtained between the ERT and the GPR methods, allowing us to propose a precise structural model of the Pont de Coq and to characterize the soil under the building. Several anomalies are observed within the roadway of the bridge at 50 cm-depth, as well as within the vaulting, corresponding to the presence of voids and a root network which lead to the slow destruction of the structure.

Experimental Applications of Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML)

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lansdowne, Chatwin A.; McCartney, Patrick; Gorringe, Chris

2012-01-01

The authors describe challenging use-cases for Automatic Test Markup Language (ATML), and evaluate solutions. The first case uses ATML Test Results to deliver active features to support test procedure development and test flow, and bridging mixed software development environments. The second case examines adding attributes to Systems Modelling Language (SysML) to create a linkage for deriving information from a model to fill in an ATML document set. Both cases are outside the original concept of operations for ATML but are typical when integrating large heterogeneous systems with modular contributions from multiple disciplines.

[Fiber-reinforced composite in fixed prosthodontics].

PubMed

Pilo, R; Abu Rass, Z; Shmidt, A

2010-07-01

Fiber reinforced composite (FRC) is composed of resin matrix and fibers filler. Common types of fibers: polyethylene, carbon and glass. Fibers can be continuous and aligned, discontinuous and aligned, discontinuous and randomly oriented. The architecture of the fibers is unidirectional, woven or braided. The two main types are: dry fibers or impregnated. Inclusion of fibers to resin composite increased its average flexural strength in 100-200 MPa. FRC can be utilized by the dentist in direct approach (splinting, temporary winged bridge) or indirect approach (laboratory made fixed partial denture). Laboratory fixed partial denture (FPD) is made from FRC substructure and Hybrid/Microfill particulate composite veneer. Main indications: interim temporary FPD or FPD in cases of questionable abutment teeth, in aesthetic cases where All Ceram FPD is not feasible. Retention is attained by adhesive cementation to minimally prepared teeth or to conventionally prepared teeth; other options are inlay-onlay bridges or hybrid bridges. Contraindications are: poor hygiene, inability to control humidity, parafunction habits, and more than two pontics. Survival rate of FRC FPD over 5 years is 75%, lower compared to porcelain fused to metal FPD which is 95%. Main reasons for failure are: fracture of framework and delamination of the veneer. Part of the failures is repairable.

Boeing-747 aircraft with external cargo pod

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Quartero, C. B.; Washburn, G. F.; Price, J. E.

1978-01-01

An analysis was conducted to investigate the feasibility of mounting a detachable pod to the underside of the fuselage of a Boeing Model 747 aircraft to carry outsized cargo in case of military emergency. The analysis showed that the 747 configured with the pod and carrying only a bridge launcher as payload attained a range of 8.70 Mm (4 700 n. mi.) at Mach .68. This range was based on a maximum take-off gross weight of 3.447 MN (775 000 1bf) which included 212 kN (47 700 lbf) pod weight and 543 kN (122 000 lbf) payload (bridge launcher).

ICM: Bridging the Capability Gap between 1 January 2019 and the Replacement Munition

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-06-09

fires. This qualitative case study focused on the ICM capability gap and potential solutions for the U.S. Field Artillery cannon and rocket systems... one of those countries, the United States could find itself committed in their defense. This case study will be used to provide insight to the...context of the potential ramifications of the 2008 DoD Policy on Cluster Munitions and Unintended Harm to Civilians, a case study on Russian military

A bridge between cultures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Friebele, Elaine

Journalists who report on scientific discoveries and the scientists who make them are, in many cases, separated by a Grand Canyon-sized gap. A recent U.S. survey revealed that journalists believe that scientists' jargon prevents effective communication. Scientists polled in the same survey, conducted by Today Show host Jim Hartz and NASA scientist Rick Chappell, said that journalists need to do a better job of verifying facts and interpreting scientific results.Panelists representing the scientific and media communities will discuss ways to bridge that gap during the “Science and the Media” episode of Freedom Speaks, to be aired by Public Broadcasting Stations in May and June (check your local listings).

Distribution and abundance of host-seeking Culex species at three proximate locations with different levels of West Nile virus activity

USGS Publications Warehouse

Rochlin, I.; Ginsberg, H.S.; Campbell, S.R.

2009-01-01

Culex species were monitored at three proximate sites with historically different West Nile virus (WNV) activities. The site with human WNV transmission (epidemic) had the lowest abundance of the putative bridge vectors, Culex pipiens and Cx. salinarius. The site with horse cases but not human cases (epizootic) had the highest percent composition of Cx. salinarius, whereas the site with WNV-positive birds only (enzootic) had the highest Cx. pipiens abundance and percent composition. A total of 29 WNV-positive Culex pools were collected at the enzootic site, 17 at the epidemic site, and 14 at the epizootic site. Published models of human risk using Cx. pipiens and Cx. salinarius as the primary bridge vectors did not explain WNV activity at our sites. Other variables, such as additional vector species, environmental components, and socioeconomic factors, need to be examined to explain the observed patterns of WNV epidemic activity.

Executive edition : New Jersey I-80 and I-287 HOV lane case study

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-05-01

The report provides the American people with a national perspective on the physical and operating characteristics of the highway, bridge, and transit portions of the nation's intermodal transportation system. It offers a comprehensive, factual backgr...

Self-Care Guide for the Heart Failure Patient

MedlinePlus

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Coronary Artery Revascularization in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

MedlinePlus

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Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Disease in Newborns

MedlinePlus

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Transient integral boundary layer method to calculate the translesional pressure drop and the fractional flow reserve in myocardial bridges.

PubMed

Bernhard, Stefan; Möhlenkamp, Stefan; Tilgner, Andreas

2006-06-21

The pressure drop-flow relations in myocardial bridges and the assessment of vascular heart disease via fractional flow reserve (FFR) have motivated many researchers the last decades. The aim of this study is to simulate several clinical conditions present in myocardial bridges to determine the flow reserve and consequently the clinical relevance of the disease. From a fluid mechanical point of view the pathophysiological situation in myocardial bridges involves fluid flow in a time dependent flow geometry, caused by contracting cardiac muscles overlying an intramural segment of the coronary artery. These flows mostly involve flow separation and secondary motions, which are difficult to calculate and analyse. Because a three dimensional simulation of the haemodynamic conditions in myocardial bridges in a network of coronary arteries is time-consuming, we present a boundary layer model for the calculation of the pressure drop and flow separation. The approach is based on the assumption that the flow can be sufficiently well described by the interaction of an inviscid core and a viscous boundary layer. Under the assumption that the idealised flow through a constriction is given by near-equilibrium velocity profiles of the Falkner-Skan-Cooke (FSC) family, the evolution of the boundary layer is obtained by the simultaneous solution of the Falkner-Skan equation and the transient von-Kármán integral momentum equation. The model was used to investigate the relative importance of several physical parameters present in myocardial bridges. Results have been obtained for steady and unsteady flow through vessels with 0 - 85% diameter stenosis. We compare two clinical relevant cases of a myocardial bridge in the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The pressure derived FFR of fixed and dynamic lesions has shown that the flow is less affected in the dynamic case, because the distal pressure partially recovers during re-opening of the vessel in diastole. We have further calculated the wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in addition to the location and length of the flow reversal zones in dependence on the severity of the disease. The described boundary layer method can be used to simulate frictional forces and wall shear stresses in the entrance region of vessels. Earlier models are supplemented by the viscous effects in a quasi three-dimensional vessel geometry with a prescribed wall motion. The results indicate that the translesional pressure drop and the mean FFR compares favourably to clinical findings in the literature. We have further shown that the mean FFR under the assumption of Hagen-Poiseuille flow is overestimated in developing flow conditions.

Transient integral boundary layer method to calculate the translesional pressure drop and the fractional flow reserve in myocardial bridges

PubMed Central

Bernhard, Stefan; Möhlenkamp, Stefan; Tilgner, Andreas

2006-01-01

Background The pressure drop – flow relations in myocardial bridges and the assessment of vascular heart disease via fractional flow reserve (FFR) have motivated many researchers the last decades. The aim of this study is to simulate several clinical conditions present in myocardial bridges to determine the flow reserve and consequently the clinical relevance of the disease. From a fluid mechanical point of view the pathophysiological situation in myocardial bridges involves fluid flow in a time dependent flow geometry, caused by contracting cardiac muscles overlying an intramural segment of the coronary artery. These flows mostly involve flow separation and secondary motions, which are difficult to calculate and analyse. Methods Because a three dimensional simulation of the haemodynamic conditions in myocardial bridges in a network of coronary arteries is time-consuming, we present a boundary layer model for the calculation of the pressure drop and flow separation. The approach is based on the assumption that the flow can be sufficiently well described by the interaction of an inviscid core and a viscous boundary layer. Under the assumption that the idealised flow through a constriction is given by near-equilibrium velocity profiles of the Falkner-Skan-Cooke (FSC) family, the evolution of the boundary layer is obtained by the simultaneous solution of the Falkner-Skan equation and the transient von-Kármán integral momentum equation. Results The model was used to investigate the relative importance of several physical parameters present in myocardial bridges. Results have been obtained for steady and unsteady flow through vessels with 0 – 85% diameter stenosis. We compare two clinical relevant cases of a myocardial bridge in the middle segment of the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD). The pressure derived FFR of fixed and dynamic lesions has shown that the flow is less affected in the dynamic case, because the distal pressure partially recovers during re-opening of the vessel in diastole. We have further calculated the wall shear stress (WSS) distributions in addition to the location and length of the flow reversal zones in dependence on the severity of the disease. Conclusion The described boundary layer method can be used to simulate frictional forces and wall shear stresses in the entrance region of vessels. Earlier models are supplemented by the viscous effects in a quasi three-dimensional vessel geometry with a prescribed wall motion. The results indicate that the translesional pressure drop and the mean FFR compares favourably to clinical findings in the literature. We have further shown that the mean FFR under the assumption of Hagen-Poiseuille flow is overestimated in developing flow conditions. PMID:16790065

Outcome of mechanical cardiac support in children using more than one modality as a bridge to heart transplantation.

PubMed

De Rita, Fabrizio; Hasan, Asif; Haynes, Simon; Peng, Edward; Gandolfo, Fabrizio; Ferguson, Lee; Kirk, Richard; Smith, Jon; Griselli, Massimo

2015-12-01

Mechanical cardiac support (MCS) can successfully be applied as a bridging strategy for heart transplantation (OHTx) in children with life-threatening heart failure. Emergent use of MCS is often required before establishing the likelihood of OHTx. This can require bridge-to-bridge strategies to increase survival on the waiting list. We compared the outcome of children with heart failure who underwent single MCS with those who required multiple MCS as a bridge to OHTx. A retrospective study of patients aged less than 16 years was conducted. From March 1998 to October 2005, we used either a veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenator (VA-ECMO), or the Medos® para-corporeal ventricular assist device (VAD). From November 2005 onwards, the Berlin Heart EXCOR® (BHE) device was implanted in the majority of cases. Several combinations of bridge-to-bridge strategies have been used: VA-ECMO and then conversion to BHE; BHE and then conversion to VA-ECMO; left VAD and then upgraded to biventricular support (BIVAD); conversion from pulsatile to continuous-flow pumps. A total of 92 patients received MCS with the intent to bridge to OHTx, including 21 (23%) supported with more than one modality. The mean age and weight at support was similar in both groups, but multimodality MCS was used more often in infancy (P = 0.008) and in children less than 10 kg in weight (P = 0.02). The mean duration of support was longer in the multiple MCS group: 40 ± 48 vs 84 ± 43 days (P = 0.0003). Usage of multimodality MCS in dilated cardiomyopathy (19%) and in other diagnoses (29%) was comparable. Incidence of major morbidity (haematological sequelae, cerebrovascular events and sepsis) was similar in both groups. Survival to OHTx/explantation of the device (recovery) and survival to discharge did not differ between single MCS and multiple MCS groups (78 vs 81% and 72 vs 76%, respectively). Bridge to OHTx with multiple MCS does not seem to influence the outcome in our population. Infancy and body weight less than 10 kg do not tend to produce higher mortality in the multiple MCS group. However, children receiving more than one modality are supported for longer durations. © The Author 2015. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.

Use of the Outdoor Classroom and Nature-Study to Support Science and Literacy Learning: A Narrative Case Study of a Third-Grade Classroom

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eick, Charles J.

2012-01-01

A case study of an exemplary third grade teacher's use of the outdoor classroom for meeting both state science and language arts standards is described. Data from the researcher's field journal, teacher lesson plans, and teacher interviews document how this teacher used nature-study to bridge outdoor classroom experiences with the state science…

Factors associated with clinical and structural outcomes after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair with a suture bridge technique in medium, large, and massive tears.

PubMed

Choi, Sungwook; Kim, Myung Ku; Kim, Gyeong Min; Roh, Young-Ho; Hwang, Im Kyung; Kang, Hyunseong

2014-11-01

This study was conducted to evaluate clinical outcomes, maintenance of repair integrity, and retear rate after arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by a suture bridge technique among patients with medium, large, and massive rotator cuff tears. We evaluated 147 patients who had undergone arthroscopic rotator cuff repair. Clinical and functional evaluations were performed with the Constant and University of California-Los Angeles scores. All patients were confirmed to have magnetic resonance imaging evidence of tendon healing at least 12 months postoperatively. The average postoperative time to follow-up magnetic resonance imaging was 23.4 months (range, 12-48 months). A total of 25 (17.0%) retears were observed. All clinical outcome scores were improved significantly at follow-up. Larger intraoperative tear sizes were correlated with higher retear rates. The incidence of retear was also higher in cases in which the preoperative fatty degeneration grade was higher. The incidence of retear increased with age and in the heavy worker group (e.g., farmers, carriers, car mechanics) but was not statistically significant. Arthroscopic rotator cuff repair by a suture bridge technique yields improvements in clinical outcome measures and a relatively high degree of patient satisfaction despite the fact that repair integrity is not maintained in many cases. Copyright © 2014 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of Distributed Dead Loads on Vehicle Position for Maximum Moment in Simply Supported Bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gupta, Tanmay; Kumar, Manoj

2017-06-01

Usually, the design moments in the simply supported bridges are obtained as the sum of moments due to dead loads and live load where the live load moments are calculated using the rolling load concept neglecting the effect of dead loads. For the simply supported bridges, uniformly distributed dead load produces maximum moment at mid-span while the absolute maximum bending moment due to multi-axel vehicles occur under a wheel which usually do not lie at mid-span. Since, the location of absolute maximum bending moment due to multi-axel vehicle do not coincide with the location of maximum moment due to dead loads occurring at mid-span, the design moment may not be obtained by simply superimposing the effect of dead load and live load. Moreover, in case of Class-A and Class-70R wheeled vehicular live loads, which consists of several axels, the number of axels to be considered over the bridge of given span and their location is tedious to find out and needs several trials. The aim of the present study is to find the number of wheels for Class-A and Class-70R wheeled vehicles and their precise location to produce absolute maximum moment in the bridge considering the effect of dead loads and impact factor. Finally, in order to enable the designers, the design moments due to Class-70R wheeled and Class-A loading have been presented in tabular form for the spans from 10 to 50 m.

Origins of Allostery and Evolvability in Proteins: A Case Study.

PubMed

Raman, Arjun S; White, K Ian; Ranganathan, Rama

2016-07-14

Proteins display the capacity for adaptation to new functions, a property critical for evolvability. But what structural principles underlie the capacity for adaptation? Here, we show that adaptation to a physiologically distinct class of ligand specificity in a PSD95, DLG1, ZO-1 (PDZ) domain preferentially occurs through class-bridging intermediate mutations located distant from the ligand-binding site. These mutations provide a functional link between ligand classes and demonstrate the principle of "conditional neutrality" in mediating evolutionary adaptation. Structures show that class-bridging mutations work allosterically to open up conformational plasticity at the active site, permitting novel functions while retaining existing function. More generally, the class-bridging phenotype arises from mutations in an evolutionarily conserved network of coevolving amino acids in the PDZ family (the sector) that connects the active site to distant surface sites. These findings introduce the concept that allostery in proteins could have its origins not in protein function but in the capacity to adapt. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Behaviour of several fatigue prone bridge details

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kubiš, Petr; Ryjáček, Pavel

2017-09-01

Three fatigue welded bridge joints analysed in this work are the alternative details of the bottom flange connection. This construction detail is mainly used for the erection connection for steel and composite bridges. If applied in the place, where live load is significant, the fatigue becomes the main design criterion. The detail category is thus very important factor. The aim of this paper is to analyse the possibilities of the improving the behaviour of this detail, by various methods. First solution is to modify the shape of the cope hole to the elliptic shape. Second option is to use the “Olemutz” fully welded detail. This detail is often used in bridge designing despite there is no exact information about the fatigue category, and doubts of the performance exists. “Olemutz” is a long web plate slit that is filled by the double bevel weld after the execution of the bottom flange weld. The last detail is the elliptic cope hole filled by the plate-cap welded into an empty hole. The geometry is the same, as in the first case. The conclusion of the numerical analysis and the pilot fatigue experiments is discussed with several practical recommendations for designing.

What You Need to Know If You Have Coronary Artery Disease

MedlinePlus

... Bridging Disciplines Circulation at Major Meetings Special Themed Issues Global Impact of the 2017 ACC/AHA Hypertension Guidelines Circulation Supplements Cardiovascular Case Series ECG Challenge Hospitals of History Brigham and ...

Structural Modification of Sol-Gel Materials through Retro Diels-Alder Reaction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

SHALTOUT,RAAFAT M.; LOY,DOUGLAS A.; MCCLAIN,MARK D.

1999-12-08

Hydrolysis and condensation of organically bridged bis-triethoxysilanes, (EtO){sub 3}Si-R-Si(OEt){sub 3}, results in the formation of three dimensional organic/inorganic hybrid networks (Equation 1). Properties of these materials, including porosity, are dependent on the nature of the bridging group, R. Flexible groups (akylene-spacers longer than five carbons in length) polymerize under acidic conditions to give non-porous materials. Rigid groups (such as arylene-, alkynylene-, or alkenylene) form non-porous, microporous, and macroporous gels. In many cases the pore size distributions are quite narrow. One of the motivations for preparing hybrid organic-inorganic materials is to extend the range of properties available with sol-gel systems bymore » incorporating organic groups into the inorganic network. For example, organically modified silica gels arc either prepared by co-polymerizing an organoalkoxysilane with a silica precursor or surface silylating the inorganic gel. This can serve to increase hydrophobicity or to introduce some reactive organic functionality. However, the type and orientation of these organic functionalities is difficult to control. Furthermore, many organoalkoxysilanes can act to inhibitor even prevent gelation, limiting the final density of organic functionalities. We have devised a new route for preparing highly functionalized pores in hybrid materials using bridging groups that are thermally converted into the desired functionalities after the gel has been obtained. In this paper, we present the preparation and characterization of bridged polysilsesquioxanes with Diels-Alder adducts as the bridging groups from the sol-gel polymerization of monomers 2 and 4. The bridging groups are constructed such that the retro Diela-Alder reaction releases the dienes and leaves the dienophiles as integral parts of the network polymers. In the rigid architecture of a xerogel, this loss of organic functionality should liberate sufficient space to modify the overall porosity. Furthermore, the new porosity will be functionalized with the dienophilic olefin bridging group. We also demonstrate that by changing the type of Diels-Alder adduct used as the bridging group, we can change the temperature at which the retro-Diels-Alder reaction will occur.« less

Teaching Law and Theory through Context: Contract Clauses in Legal Studies Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

DiMatteo, Larry A.; Anenson, T. Leigh

2007-01-01

Business professors in the twenty-first century have been engaging in another form of problem-based pedagogy to unite business school and business practice. This teaching methodology, called "active learning," has become the new case method in college courses. Like the case-based approach, active learning bridges the gap between theory and…

Endovascular Treatment of Wide-Necked Visceral Artery Aneurysms Using the Neurovascular Comaneci Neck-Bridging Device: A Technical Report.

PubMed

Maingard, Julian; Kok, Hong Kuan; Phelan, Emma; Logan, Caitriona; Ranatunga, Dinesh; Brooks, Duncan Mark; Chandra, Ronil V; Lee, Michael J; Asadi, Hamed

2017-11-01

Visceral and renal artery aneurysms (VRAAs) are an uncommon clinical entity but carry a risk of rupture with associated morbidity and mortality. The rupture risk is particularly high when the aneurysms are large, of unfavourable morphology or in the setting of pregnancy and perioperative period. Endovascular approaches are now first line in the treatment of VRAA, but conventional techniques may be ineffective in excluding aneurysms with unfavourable anatomy such as those with wide necks or at arterial bifurcation points. The neurovascular Comaneci neck-bridging device is used to temporarily cover the neck of intracranial aneurysms without occluding forward arterial flow during endovascular coiling. We report the novel use of the Comaneci neck-bridging device for the treatment of complex peripheral VRAAs. We describe the treatment of two patients with renal and splenic artery aneurysms demonstrating unfavourable anatomic morphology for conventional endovascular approaches. In the first patient, the renal artery aneurysm was situated at the intrarenal bifurcation of the main renal artery in the setting of a solitary kidney. In the second patient, the splenic artery aneurysm was situated close to the splenic hilum at the distal splenic arterial bifurcation. The Comaneci neck-bridging device was successfully used in both cases to assist coil embolisation with visceral preservation. The Comaneci neck-bridging device is potentially safe and effective for the treatment of peripheral VRAA with unfavourable anatomic characteristics that would have been deemed unsuitable for treatment using conventional techniques. Level 4, Technical Report.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 34 (CORITH0050034) on Town Highway 50, crossing the South Branch Waits River, Corinth, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ivanoff, Michael A.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure CORITH00500034 on Town Highway 50 crossing the South Branch Waits River, Corinth, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in central Vermont. The 35.9-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream and downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. In the study area, the South Branch Waits River has an incised, meandering channel with a slope of approximately 0.005 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 63 ft and an average bank height of 6 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to cobble with a median grain size (D50) of 23.7 mm (0.078 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on September 5, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 50 crossing of the South Branch Waits River is a 56-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting of one 54-foot steel thru-truss span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 24, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 51.5 ft.The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with no wingwalls. Stone fill and bank material in front of the abutments create spill-through embankments. The channel is skewed approximately 30 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 15 degrees. A scour hole 2.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed along the left bank through the bridge during the Level I assessment. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the left and right banks extending from upstream to downstream through the bridge. The stone fill under the bridge creates spill-through embankments. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as other potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 3.0 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge, which was less than the 100-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 2.4 to 6.3 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich and HIRE equations (abutment scour) give “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 21 (MIDBTH00230021) on Town Highway 23, crossing the Middlebury River, Middlebury, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boehmler, Erick M.; Degnan, James R.

1997-01-01

year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge is determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 feet. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient overtopping discharge, which is less than the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 17.7 to 23.7 feet. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Control Method Stretches Suspensions by Measuring the Sag of Strands in Cable-Stayed Bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bętkowski, Piotr

2017-10-01

In the article is described the method that allows on evaluation and validation of measurement correctness of dynamometers (strain gauges, tension meters) used in systems of suspensions. Control of monitoring devices such as dynamometers is recommended in inspections of suspension bridges. Control device (dynamometer) works with an anchor, and the degree of this cooperation could have a decisive impact on the correctness of the results. Method, which determines the stress in the strand (cable), depending on the sag of stayed cable, is described. This method can be used to control the accuracy of measuring devices directly on the bridge. By measuring the strand sag, it is possible to obtain information about the strength (force) which occurred in the suspension cable. Digital camera is used for the measurement of cable sag. Control measurement should be made independently from the controlled parameter but should verify this parameter directly (it is the best situation). In many cases in practice the controlled parameter is not designation by direct measurement, but the calculations, i.e. relation measured others parameters, as in the method described in the article. In such cases occurred the problem of overlapping error of measurement of intermediate parameters (data) and the evaluation of the reliability of the results. Method of control calculations made in relation to installed in the bridge measuring devices is doubtful without procedure of uncertainty estimation. Such an assessment of the accuracy can be performed using the interval numbers. With the interval numbers are possible the analysis of parametric relationship accuracy of the designation of individual parameters and uncertainty of results. Method of measurements, relations and analytical formulas, and numerical example can be found in the text of the article.

A finite-element model study of the impact of the proposed I-326 crossing on flood stages of the Congaree River near Columbia, South Carolina

USGS Publications Warehouse

Lee, J.K.; Bennett, C. S.

1981-01-01

A two-dimensional finite element surface water model was used to study the hydraulic impact of the proposed Interstate Route 326 crossing of the Congaree River near Columbia, SC. The finite element model was assessed as a potential operational tool for analyzing complex highway crossings and other modifications of river flood plains. Infrared aerial photography was used to define regions of homogeneous roughness in the flood plain. Finite element networks approximating flood plain topography were designed using elements of three roughness types. High water marks established during an 8-yr flood that occurred in October 1976 were used to calibrate the model. The maximum flood of record, an approximately 100-yr flood that occurred in August 1908, was modeled in three cases: dikes on the right bank, dikes on the left bank, and dikes on both banks. In each of the three cases, simulations were performed both without and with the proposed highway embankments in place. Detailed information was obtained about backwater effects upstream from the proposed highway embankments, changes in flow distribution resulting from the embankments, and local velocities in the bridge openings. On the basis of results from the model study, the South Carolina Department of Highways and Public Transportation changed the design of several bridge openings. A simulation incorporating the new design for the case with dikes on the left bank indicated that both velocities in the bridge openings and backwater were reduced. A major problem in applying the model was the difficulty in predicting the network detail necessary to avoid local errors caused by roughness discontinuities and large depth gradients. (Lantz-PTT)

The DNA database search controversy revisited: bridging the Bayesian-frequentist gap.

PubMed

Storvik, Geir; Egeland, Thore

2007-09-01

Two different quantities have been suggested for quantification of evidence in cases where a suspect is found by a search through a database of DNA profiles. The likelihood ratio, typically motivated from a Bayesian setting, is preferred by most experts in the field. The so-called np rule has been suggested through frequentist arguments and has been suggested by the American National Research Council and Stockmarr (1999, Biometrics55, 671-677). The two quantities differ substantially and have given rise to the DNA database search controversy. Although several authors have criticized the different approaches, a full explanation of why these differences appear is still lacking. In this article we show that a P-value in a frequentist hypothesis setting is approximately equal to the result of the np rule. We argue, however, that a more reasonable procedure in this case is to use conditional testing, in which case a P-value directly related to posterior probabilities and the likelihood ratio is obtained. This way of viewing the problem bridges the gap between the Bayesian and frequentist approaches. At the same time it indicates that the np rule should not be used to quantify evidence.

Factors associated with four atypical cases of congenital syphilis in England, 2016 to 2017: an ecological analysis.

PubMed

Furegato, Martina; Fifer, Helen; Mohammed, Hamish; Simms, Ian; Vanta, Paul; Webb, Sharon; Foster, Kirsty; Kingston, Margaret; Charlett, André; Vishram, Bhavita; Reynolds, Claire; Gill, Noel; Hughes, Gwenda

2017-12-01

Four isolated cases of congenital syphilis born to mothers who screened syphilis negative in the first trimester were identified between March 2016 and January 2017 compared with three cases between 2010 and 2015. The mothers were United Kingdom-born and had no syphilis risk factors. Cases occurred in areas with recent increases in sexually-transmitted syphilis among women and men who have sex with men, some behaviourally bisexual, which may have facilitated bridging between sexual networks.

Factors associated with four atypical cases of congenital syphilis in England, 2016 to 2017: an ecological analysis

PubMed Central

Furegato, Martina; Fifer, Helen; Mohammed, Hamish; Simms, Ian; Vanta, Paul; Webb, Sharon; Foster, Kirsty; Kingston, Margaret; Charlett, André; Vishram, Bhavita; Reynolds, Claire; Gill, Noel; Hughes, Gwenda

2017-01-01

Four isolated cases of congenital syphilis born to mothers who screened syphilis negative in the first trimester were identified between March 2016 and January 2017 compared with three cases between 2010 and 2015. The mothers were United Kingdom-born and had no syphilis risk factors. Cases occurred in areas with recent increases in sexually-transmitted syphilis among women and men who have sex with men, some behaviourally bisexual, which may have facilitated bridging between sexual networks. PMID:29233254

The Public Health Community Platform, Electronic Case Reporting, and the Digital Bridge.

PubMed

Cooney, Mary Ann; Iademarco, Michael F; Huang, Monica; MacKenzie, William R; Davidson, Arthur J

At the intersection of new technology advancements, ever-changing health policy, and fiscal constraints, public health agencies seek to leverage modern technical innovations and benefit from a more comprehensive and cooperative approach to transforming public health, health care, and other data into action. State health agencies recognized a way to advance population health was to integrate public health with clinical health data through electronic infectious disease case reporting. The Public Health Community Platform (PHCP) concept of bidirectional data flow and knowledge management became the foundation to build a cloud-based system connecting electronic health records to public health data for a select initial set of notifiable conditions. With challenges faced and lessons learned, significant progress was made and the PHCP grew into the Digital Bridge, a national governance model for systems change, bringing together software vendors, public health, and health care. As the model and technology advance together, opportunities to advance future connectivity solutions for both health care and public health will emerge.

[Contact allergic gastritis : Rare manifestation of a metal allergy].

PubMed

Pföhler, C; Vogt, T; Müller, C S L

2016-05-01

Only a few cases of contact allergic gastritis in patients with nickel allergy have been reported in the literature. We report a case of probable contact-allergic gastritis in a 46-year-old woman. Clinical examination revealed lichenoid mucosal lesions of the gums adjacent to a bridge and crowns that had been implanted several weeks previously. Since implantation, the patient suffered from gastrointestinal complaints including stomach pain. Gastroscopy and histological investigation of stomach biopsies showed eosinophilic gastritis. Patch testing done under the diagnosis of contact allergic stomatitis showed positive reactions to gold sodium thiosulphate, manganese (II) chloride, nickel (II) sulphate, palladium chloride, vanadium (III) chloride, zirconium (IV) chloride, and fragrances. The crowns and the bridge contained gold, palladium, and zirconium, hence they were replaced by titan-based dentition. Shortly after replacing the artificial dentition, all gastrointestinal symptoms resolved spontaneously without further treatment. Delayed-type allergy to components in the artificial dentition seem to have caused the gastritis.

Bridging knee arthrodesis for limb salvage using an intramedullary cemented nail: a retrospective outcome analysis of a case series.

PubMed

Neuerburg, Carl; Bieger, Ralf; Jung, Sebastian; Kappe, Thomas; Reichel, Heiko; Decking, Ralf

2012-08-01

Failed total knee replacement with compromised bone and soft-tissues can be challenging. In these situations, arthrodesis remains a treatment option of a limb-saving procedure. We investigated the outcome of treatment with an intramedullary cemented knee arthrodesis nail implanted in 22 consecutive patients with forlorn situations after failed total knee replacement. There were three major complications due to re-infection and two minor complications due to wound-healing disturbances that healed with the implant retained after an average follow-up of 3.4 years. Clinical examination, Short Form-36 and Oxford knee scores revealed low pain levels, safe implant anchorage, and improved stability of the knee, whilst autonomous mobility utilizing walking aids was still possible. Bridging knee arthrodesis with an intramedullary nail is a valuable salvage procedure with acceptable clinical results. As recurring infection remains the most challenging complication, regular clinical and radiological follow-up examinations are necessary following implant-related knee arthrodesis to allow timely intervention in case of loosening.

Impact of proton transfer phenomena on the electronic structure of model Schiff bases: an AIM/NBO/ELF study.

PubMed

Panek, Jarosław J; Filarowski, Aleksander; Jezierska-Mazzarello, Aneta

2013-10-21

Understanding of the electronic structure evolution due to a proton dynamics is a key issue in biochemistry and material science. This paper reports on density functional theory calculations of Schiff bases containing short, strong intramolecular hydrogen bonds where the bridged proton is located: (i) at the donor site, (ii) strongly delocalized, and (iii) at the acceptor site. The mobility of the bridged proton and its influence on the molecular structure and properties of the chosen Schiff base derivatives have been investigated on the basis of Atoms in Molecules, Natural Bond Orbitals, and Electron Localization Function theories. It has been observed that the extent of the bridged proton delocalization is strongly modified by the steric and inductive effects present in the studied compounds introduced by various substituents. It has been shown that: (i) potential energy profiles for the proton motion are extremely dependent on the substitution of the aromatic ring, (ii) the topology of the free electron pairs present at the donor∕acceptor site, as well as their electron populations, are affected qualitatively by the bridged proton position, (iii) the distortion of the molecular structure due to the bridged proton dynamics includes the atomic charge fluctuations, which are in some cases non-monotonic, and (iv) topology of the ELF recognizes events of proton detachment from the donor and attachment to the acceptor. The quantitative and qualitative results shed light onto molecular consequences of the proton transfer phenomena.

Management of a congenitally missing maxillary central incisor. A case study.

PubMed

Tichler, Howard M; Abraham, Jenny E

2007-03-01

When a maxillary lateral incisor is missing, often the treatment options can be clearly defined, that is, substitute an adjacent tooth for the missing one; open the space for an implant, a bonded bridge or fixed bridge. When a maxillary central incisor is missing and the space for the tooth is absent, the treatment choices become complicated, especially in a growing child. There must be multi-disciplinary coordination among the restorative dentist, the oral surgeon or periodontist, and the orthodontist to obtain the optimum result. At the initiation of treatment, this information must be relayed and the treatment plan agreed upon by the patient or the parents of the patient.

Hennekam lymphangiectasia syndrome

PubMed Central

Lakshminarayana, G.; Mathew, A.; Rajesh, R.; Kurien, G.; Unni, V. N.

2011-01-01

Hennekam lymphangiectasia syndrome is a rare disorder comprising of intestinal and renal lymphangiectasia, dysmorphic facial appearance and mental retardation. The facial features include hypertelorism with a wide, flat nasal bridge, epicanthic folds, small mouth and small ears. We describe a case of a multigravida with bad obstetric history and characteristic facial and dental anomalies and bilateral renal lymphangiectasia. To our knowledge this is the first case of Hennekam lymphangiectasia syndrome with anodontia to be reported from India. PMID:22022089

Stenting for Acute Aortic Dissection with Malperfusion as “Bridge Therapy”

PubMed Central

Fujita, Wakako; Taniguchi, Satoshi; Daitoku, Kazuyuki; Fukuda, Ikuo

2010-01-01

The most common treatment of acute type A aortic dissection is immediate surgical repair. However, early surgery for acute dissections with peripheral vascular compromise carries a high mortality rate. Herein, we report a case in which we placed percutaneous endovascular stents in a type A dissection patient before proceeding with proximal aortic repair. Bare-metal stents were placed into the obliterated true channel of the abdominal aorta and the left external iliac artery. Endovascular stenting immediately relieved the lower-left-extremity ischemic symptoms, and the patient underwent hemi-arch replacement 7 days after the procedure. Stent placement for patients who have acute aortic dissection with malperfusion can be used as “bridge therapy.” PMID:21224949

A Bridging Opportunities Work-frame to develop mobile applications for clinical decision making

PubMed Central

van Rooij, Tibor; Rix, Serena; Moore, James B; Marsh, Sharon

2015-01-01

Background: Mobile applications (apps) providing clinical decision support (CDS) may show the greatest promise when created by and for frontline clinicians. Our aim was to create a generic model enabling healthcare providers to direct the development of CDS apps. Methods: We combined Change Management with a three-tier information technology architecture to stimulate CDS app development. Results: A Bridging Opportunities Work-frame model was developed. A test case was used to successfully develop an app. Conclusion: Healthcare providers can re-use this globally applicable model to actively create and manage regional decision support applications to translate evidence-based medicine in the use of emerging medication or novel treatment regimens. PMID:28031883

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 46 (FFIETH00470046) on Town Highway 47, crossing Black Creek, Fairfield, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wild, Emily C.; Flynn, Robert H.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure FFIETH00470046 on Town Highway 47 crossing Black Creek, Fairfield, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (FHWA, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gathered from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in northwestern Vermont. The 37.8 mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream and downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. In the study area, Black Creek has a meandering channel with a slope of approximately 0.0005 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 51 ft and an average bank height of 6 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to bedrock with a median grain size (D50) of 0.189 mm (0.00062 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on July 12, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 47 crossing of Black Creek is a 35-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting of one 31-ft steel-stringer span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 8, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 28.0 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, laid-up stone abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately zero degrees to the opening and the opening-skew-toroadway is zero degrees. A scour hole 6.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed just downstream of the bridge during the Level I assessment. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) along the left abutment. Type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) extended along the upstream left and right banks, the upstream left and right wingwalls, the downstream left wingwall, and the downstream left bank. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 1.4 to 8.2 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge, which was less than the 100-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 5.8 to 15.6 ft. At the left abutment, the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 100-year discharge, and at the right abutment the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results.” Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Ritscher-Schinzel cranio-cerebello-cardiac (3C) syndrome: report of four new cases and review.

PubMed

Leonardi, M L; Pai, G S; Wilkes, B; Lebel, R R

2001-08-15

Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome, also known as the 3C syndrome, is a rare, autosomal recessive syndrome characterized by craniofacial, cerebellar, and cardiac anomalies. Cardiac manifestations include ventricular septal defect, atrial septal defect, tetralogy of Fallot, double outlet right ventricle, hypoplastic left heart, aortic stenosis, pulmonic stenosis and other valvular anomalies. Central nervous system anomalies include Dandy-Walker malformation, cerebellar vermis hypoplasia and enlargement of the cisterna magna. Craniofacial abnormalities seen are cleft palate, ocular coloboma, prominent occiput, low-set ears, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, depressed nasal bridge and micrognathia. Dandy-Walker malformation, posterior fossa cyst, hydrocephalus and congenital heart defect are common malformations that may occur in isolation or as a part of many syndromes. Accurate genetic diagnosis and counseling require detailed analysis of the external as well as the internal anatomy and knowledge of the relative frequencies of various malformations in syndromes that may have overlapping clinical signs. We have had the opportunity recently to study four cases of the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. A review of all reported cases is presented and an attempt made to define the minimum diagnostic criteria for the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Of the nine craniofacial anomalies commonly reported as a part of the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome, we consider two i.e., cleft palate and ocular coloboma, to be readily and objectively ascertainable. The other seven craniofacial traits, however, are somewhat subjective, require expert interpretation and are sometimes difficult to ascertain in a newborn or stillborn fetus. These are prominent forehead, prominent occiput, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge and micrognathia. At least four of these were present in all cases that had a secure diagnosis of the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome. Thus, the criteria we propose to establish the diagnosis of the Ritscher-Schinzel syndrome in a chromosomally normal sporadic case are the presence of cardiac malformation other than isolated patent ductus arteriosus, cerebellar malformation, and cleft palate or ocular coloboma or four of the following seven findings: prominent forehead, prominent occiput, hypertelorism, down-slanting palpebral fissures, low-set ears, depressed nasal bridge, and micrognathia. Copyright 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

The effect of the sequential therapy in end-stage heart failure (ESHF)--from ECMO, through the use of implantable pump for a pneumatic heart assist system, Religa Heart EXT, as a bridge for orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). Case study.

PubMed

Religa, Grzegorz; Jasińska, Małgorzata; Czyżewski, Łukasz; Torba, Krzysztof; Różański, Jacek

2014-10-21

Modern Polish medicine offers patients various treatments for end-stage treatment-resistant heart failure. Methods applied at the right time before the occurrence of irreversible changes in organs give a chance for survival and prolong life. Here, we report on the safety and efficacy of the sequential use of the above treatments in a 58-year old patient with heart failure in dilatative cardiomyopathy (DCM). A 7-day mechanical blood circulatory support and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation of blood (ECMO), followed by a 13-day implantation of a left ventricular assist device, Religa Heart EXT, was used as a bridge to a successful orthotopic heart transplant (OHT). On Day 40 after OHT, the patient was discharged home with stable function of the circulatory system. We describe our experiences with the qualification, preparation, and procedure of sequential ECMO, Religa Heart EXT, and OHT. Application of short-term ECMO as a bridge-to-bridge helped save the patient from severe cardiogenic shock caused by increased left ventricular afterload. The experimental implantation of an innovative Religa Heart EXT prosthesis was a safe and efficacious bridge to transplantation. Too short time of Religa Heart EXT implantation in the discussed patient prevented the possibility to evaluate the occurrence of thromboembolic complications and infections compared to the documented complications of POLVAD implanted until now. OHT is a safe and efficacious method of treatment of patients previously supported by ECMO and Religa Heart EXT.

Image-Based 3d Reconstruction Data as AN Analysis and Documentation Tool for Architects: the Case of Plaka Bridge in Greece

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kouimtzoglou, T.; Stathopoulou, E. K.; Agrafiotis, P.; Georgopoulos, A.

2017-02-01

Μodern advances in the field of image-based 3D reconstruction of complex architectures are valuable tools that may offer the researchers great possibilities integrating the use of such procedures in their studies. In the same way that photogrammetry was a well-known useful tool among the cultural heritage community for years, the state of the art reconstruction techniques generate complete and easy to use 3D data, thus enabling engineers, architects and other cultural heritage experts to approach their case studies in an exhaustive and efficient way. The generated data can be a valuable and accurate basis upon which further plans and studies will be drafted. These and other aspects of the use of image-based 3D data for architectural studies are to be presented and analysed in this paper, based on the experience gained from a specific case study, the Plaka Bridge. This historic structure is of particular interest, as it was recently lost due to extreme weather conditions and serves as a strong proof that preventive actions are of utmost importance in order to preserve our common past.

Side-to-Side Tracheobronchoplasty to Reconstruct Complex Congenital Tracheobronchial Stenosis.

PubMed

Ragalie, William S; Chun, Robert H; Martin, Timothy; Ghanayem, Nancy S; Berens, Richard J; Beste, David J; Mitchell, Michael E

2017-08-01

Long segment tracheobronchial stenosis is a rare congenital anomaly that can also occur in combination with abnormal bronchial arborization. Long segment tracheal reconstruction in the setting of a supernumerary bridging bronchus has been reported; however, these repairs can be particularly complex. We present our experience using the bridging bronchus to augment long segment tracheal stenosis with a side-to-side tracheobronchoplasty. Four patients with complex long segment tracheobronchial stenosis involving a bronchus suis (right upper lobe bronchus) and a bridging bronchus presented with refractory respiratory distress requiring urgent tracheal reconstruction. Patient 1 was initially managed with modified slide tracheoplasty and tracheostomy. Patients 2, 3, and 4 were managed with single-stage procedures. All patients underwent definitive long segment tracheobronchoplasty consisting of a side-to-side anastomosis between the bridging bronchus and the right upper lobe bronchus. Age at surgery was 569, 69, 24, and 142 days, respectively. Weight at surgery was 9.3, 4.3, 2.7, and 5.9 kg. All patients were weaned from mechanical ventilation at 84, 13, 47, and 8 days after side-to-side tracheobronchoplasty. All patients were alive and free from tracheostomy at follow-up of 6.7, 3.8, 2.7, and 0.5 years. Side-to-side tracheal reconstruction is feasible in severe cases of long segment tracheal stenosis with a right upper lobe bronchus and a bridging bronchus. This technique can be successfully applied in high-risk patients and in the neonatal period and can provide excellent midterm results. Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 24 (MANCUS00070024) on U.S. Route 7, crossing Lye Brook, Manchester, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure MANCUS00070024 on U.S. Route 7 crossing Lye Brook, Manchester, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the Taconic section of the New England physiographic province in southwestern Vermont. The 8.13-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the primary surface cover consists of brush and trees. In the study area, Lye Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.03 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 66 ft and an average bank height of 11 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 90.0 mm (0.295 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 6, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable. Although, the immediate reach is considered stable, upstream of the bridge the Lye Brook valley is very steep (0.05 ft/ft). Extreme events in a valley this steep may quickly reveal the instability of the channel. In the Flood Insurance Study for the Town of Manchester (Federal Emergency Management Agency, January, 1985), Lye Brook’s overbanks were described as “boulder strewn” after the August 1976 flood. The U.S. Route 7 crossing of Lye Brook is a 28-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 25-foot concrete span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, September 28, 1995). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 45 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 55 degrees. At the time of construction, the downstream channel was relocated (written communication, Dan Landry, VTAOT, January 2, 1997). A levee on the downstream right bank was also constructed and is protected by type-4 stone-fill (less than 60 inches diameter) extending from the bridge to more than 300 feet downstream. Type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) covers the downstream right bank from the bridge to more than 300 feet downstream. Type-2 stone-fill also extends from the bridge to 220 feet upstream on both upstream banks. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge is analyzed since it has the potential of being the worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 1.0 to 1.6 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour computations for the left abutment ranged from 14.5 to 16.1 ft. with the worst-case occurring at the 100-year discharge. Abutment scour computations for the right abutment ranged from 6.9 to 10.4 ft. with the worst-case occurring at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

O' Connell bridge inspection by means of Ground Penetrating Radar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Santos Assuncao, Sonia, ,, Dr

2016-04-01

Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR) is a well-known technique successfully applied in different areas. In structural inspection the methodology may expose information about structural arrangement and pathologies. GPR emits high frequency electromagnetic impulses allowing to detect changes on the electromagnetic properties: electrical conductivity, dielectric constant and magnetic permeability. The central frequency of the each antenna is characterized by a specific resolution and penetration depth. Therefore, different scales of structures can be analysed. High frequency antennas output high resolution images/signals about the shallowest elements such as rebar and the thickness of the first layer. On the other hand, intermediate or lower frequency antennas locate deeper structures, such as the thickness of the arch. The compilation of distinct frequencies gives a better understanding and a more accurate detection of elements in the inner structure. O'Connell Bridge (1877) is one of 24 bridges along River Liffey and one the most famous historical structures in Dublin. It is composed by sandstones and granite and covered by asphalt which represents a suitable structure to evaluate by means of GPR. The lack of inner structural information, especially the thickness of the layer, presence of reinforcement or other metallic elements of support required, at least, a dual frequency analysis of the bridge. In this case, it was applied the (200 MHz and 600 MHz) Multi-Channel Stream EM combined with 1.6 GHz GSSI high frequency antenna. The inspection of bridges by means of GPR may provide not exclusively interesting structural data but historical information and the state of conservation.

Disulfide bridges as essential elements for the thermostability of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase LPMO10C from Streptomyces coelicolor.

PubMed

Tanghe, Magali; Danneels, Barbara; Last, Matthias; Beerens, Koen; Stals, Ingeborg; Desmet, Tom

2017-05-01

Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are crucial components of cellulase mixtures but their stability has not yet been studied in detail, let alone been engineered for industrial applications. In this work, we have evaluated the importance of disulfide bridges for the thermodynamic stability of Streptomyces coelicolor LPMO10C. Interestingly, this enzyme was found to retain 34% of its activity after 2-h incubation at 80°C while its apparent melting temperature (Tm) is only 51°C. When its three disulfide bridges were broken, however, irreversible unfolding occurred and no residual activity could be detected after a similar heat treatment. Based on these findings, additional disulfide bridges were introduced, as predicted by computational tools (MOdelling of DIsulfide bridges in Proteins (MODiP) and Disulfide by Design (DbD)) and using the most flexible positions in the structure as target sites. Four out of 16 variants displayed an improvement in Tm, ranging from 2 to 9°C. Combining the positive mutations yielded additional improvements (up to 19°C) but aberrant unfolding patterns became apparent in some cases, resulting in a diminished capacity for heat resistance. Nonetheless, the best variant, a combination of A143C-P183C and S73C-A115C, displayed a 12°C increase in Tm and was able to retain and was able to retain no less than 60% of its activity after heat treatment. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Teacher Education. Case Studies in TESOL Practice Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Johnson, Karen E., Ed.

Chapters in this volume include the following: "Innovations in TESOL Teacher Education: A Quiet Revolution" (Karen E. Johnson); "Building Bridges among University, School, and Community" (Donald F. Hones); "Sustainable Strategies for Professional Development in Education Reform" (Nancy Clair, Carolyn Temple Adger); "Developing Professionals:…

Evolution and failure of liquid bridges between grains due to evaporation and due to extension

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hueckel, T.; Mielniczuk, B.; Said El Youssoufi, M.

2012-04-01

Evolution and rupture of liquid bridges between glass spheres during liquid evaporation and during mechanical extension was examined. The latter type of the tests has been widely studied, while a number of pertinent measurements during transient evaporation have not yet been reported. Also the resultant total capillary forces were measured and geometrical characteristics (curvature radii)were recorded with a photo camera and high-speed camera and subsequently digitalized. The obtained results reveal substantial differences in geometry of liquid bridges during extension and evaporation. On the other hand, evaporation and extension of liquid bridgelead to a similar qualitative response in terms of the pressure within the liquid bridge, starting with a significant suction, which initially somewhat increases during evaporation to reach a maximum, followed by a rapid monotonic decrease until zero, to become a sizable positive pressure prior to rupture. Extension same pattern is followed, except that there is no initial suction increase. Hence, in both cases, rupture consistently occurs at a positive fluid pressure. The pressure evolution is a simple resultant of the evolution of radii of curvature, with the neck radius becoming smaller than meridian radius. In terms of resultant capillary force, as the area of the bridge cross-section decreases with the square of the neck radius, the pressure difference is almost entirely negative, in part also due to surface tension component. Nevertheless, the suction decreases nearly monotonically during both processes. Rupture during evaporation of the bridges occurs most abruptly for larger separations, as early as after 25% volume evaporated. It is seen as a bifurcation of the geometry of equilibrium, as demonstrated on a movie with 27, 000 shots per second. The evolution of a bridge between three spheres exhibits a centrally located thin film instability with a circular hole growing within 1/3000th of a second. All these findings have an enormous impact on the mechanics of unsaturated media, as they determine the conditions and criteria for the loss of the "sand-castle" cohesion effect in the final phase of soil drying.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 37, (BRNETH00740037) on Town Highway 74, crossing South Peacham Brook, Barnet, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Severance, Timothy

1997-01-01

Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 15.8 to 22.5 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 6.7 to 11.1 ft. The worst-case abutment scour also occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in Tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in Figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

A case study of interior low-frequency noise from box-shaped bridge girders induced by running trains: Its mechanism, prediction and countermeasures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Xun; Li, Xiaozhen; Hao, Hong; Wang, Dangxiong; Li, Yadong

2016-04-01

A side effect of high-speed railway and urban rail transit systems is the associated vibration and noise. Since the use of concrete viaducts is predominant in railway construction due to scarce land resources, low-frequency (20-200 Hz) structure-radiated noise from concrete bridges is a principal concern. Although it is the most commonly used bridge type, the mechanism of noise emission from box-shaped bridge girders when subjected to impact forces from moving trains, which sounds like beating a drum, has not been well studied. In this study, a field measurement was first made on a simply-supported box-shaped bridge to record the acceleration of the slabs and the associated sound pressures induced by running trains. These data indicated that a significant beat-wave noise occurred in the box-shaped cavity when the train speed was around 340 km/h, which arose from the interference between two sound waves of 75.0 Hz and 78.8 Hz. The noise leakage from the bridge expansion joint was serious and resulted in obvious noise pollution near the bridge once the beat-wave noise was generated in the cavity. The dominant frequency of the interior noise at 75.0 Hz was confirmed from the spectrum of the data and the modal analysis results, and originated from the peak vibration of the top slab due to resonance and the first-order vertical acoustic mode, which led to cavity resonance, amplifying the corresponding noise. The three-dimensional acoustic modes and local vibration modes of the slab were calculated by using the finite element method. A simplified vehicle-track-bridge coupling vibration model was then developed to calculate the wheel-rail interaction force in a frequency range of 20-200 Hz. Numerical simulations using the boundary element method confirmed the cavity resonance effect and the numerical results agreed well with the data. Based on the calibrated numerical model, three noise reduction measures, i.e., adding a horizontal baffle in the interior cavity, narrowing the width of top slab by reducing the inclination angle of the webs, and using a softer fastener on the track, were found to be effective and practical for reducing the noise generated by high-speed trains.

Digital Storytelling for Transformative Global Citizenship Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Truong-White, Hoa; McLean, Lorna

2015-01-01

This article explores how digital storytelling offers the potential to support transformative global citizenship education (TGCE) through a case study of the Bridges to Understanding program that connected middle and high school students globally using digital storytelling. Drawing on a TGCE framework, this research project probed the curriculum…

The Effect of Mass, Wind Angle, and Erection Technique on the Aeroelastic Behaviour of a Cable-Stayed Bridge Model (Effet de la Masse, de L’Angle du Vent et de la Technique D’Erection sur le Comportement Aeroelastique d’une Marquette de Pont a Haubans).

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-09-01

response. An estimate of the buffeting response for the two cases is presented in Figure 4, using the theory of Irwin (Reference 7). Data acquisition was...values were obtained using the log decrement method by exciting the bridge in one mode and observing the decay of the response. Classical theory would...added mass or structural damping level. The addition of inertia to the deck would tend to lower the response according to classical vibration theory

Bridging simulations and experiment in shock and ramp induced phenomena

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Flicker, Dawn

2014-03-01

The high pressure materials physics program at Sandia's Z facility includes strong collaboration between theory, simulations and experiments. This multi-disciplinary approach has led to new insights in many cases. Several examples will be discussed to illustrate the benefits of bridging simulations and experiments. Results will be chosen from recent work on the xenon equation of state, phase change in MgO, shock induced chemistry in CO2 and tantalum strength. Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

Behavior of drilled shafts with high-strength reinforcement and casing.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2015-09-01

Drilled shafts provide significant geotechnical resistance for support of highway bridges, and are used throughout the States of Oregon : and Washington to meet their structural foundation requirements. Due to changes in construction methods and poor...

Performance of Hydrophobisation Techniques in Case of Reinforced Concrete Structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Błaszczyński, Tomasz; Osesek, Mateusz; Gwozdowski, Błażej; Ilski, Mirosław

2017-10-01

Concrete is, unchangeably, one of the most frequently applied building materials, also in the case of bridges, overpasses or viaducts. Along with the aging of such structures, the degradation of concrete, which may accelerate the corrosion of reinforcing steel and drastically decrease the load-bearing capacity of the structure, becomes an important issue. The paper analyzes the possibilities of using deep hydrophobisation in repairing reinforced concrete engineering structures. The benefits of properly securing reinforced concrete structures from the damaging effects of UV radiation, the influence of harmful gases, or progression of chlorine induced corrosion have been presented, especially in regards to bridge structures. The need to calculate the costs of carrying out investments along with the expected costs of maintaining such structures, as well as the high share of costs connected with logistics, has also been indicated in the total costs of repair works.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 33 (WWINTH00300033) on Town Highway 30, crossing Mill Brook, West Windsor, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wild, Emily C.; Flynn, Robert H.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure WWINTH00300033 on Town Highway 30 crossing Mill Brook, West Windsor, Vermont (Figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (FHWA, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in east-central Vermont. The 24.9-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. Downstream of the bridge is forested. In the study area, Mill Brook has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.004 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 58 ft and an average bank height of 5 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 65.7 mm (0.215 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on June 5, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 30 crossing of the Mill Brook is a 46-ft-long, one-lane covered bridge consisting of a 40-foot wood-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 23, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 36.3 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete capped laid-up stone abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the upstream right bank, the upstream right wingwall, the right abutment and the downstream left wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E.Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was analyzed since it had the potential of being the worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 0.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 6.0 to 16.0 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

A Bridge to Graduation for At-Risk Latino Males: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Behr, Michelle; Marston, Christine; Nelson, Kyle Anne

2014-01-01

Changing demographics, low Latino graduation rates, and changes to education funding--nationally and locally--challenge society to develop innovative strategies to navigate transformations affecting public education. This article presents findings from a collaborative community-engaged evaluation of a dropout prevention program for at-risk male…

Values as a Bridge between Sustainability and Institutional Assessment: A Case Study from BOKU University

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ribeiro, Maria Miguel; Hoover, Elona; Burford, Gemma; Buchebner, Julia; Lindenthal, Thomas

2016-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to illustrate that values-focused assessment can provide a useful lens for integrating sustainability and institutional performance assessment in universities. Design/methodology/approach: This study applies a values elicitation methodology for indicator development, through thematic analysis of…

Post-Conflict Returnee Reintegration: A Case Study of South Sudan and the Livelihood Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-09-01

Gabaudan argues for the need of relief agencies to bridge this humanitarian and development gap .2 While South Sudan is not a unique case highlighting a...state suffering from a refugee and IDP crisis, every crisis is unique and may yield valuable lessons. The consequences of war have been profound for...research does, however, provides an opportunity to analyze the dynamics of refugee assistance as they unfold, highlighting the gap between providing short

Bridging CALL & HCI: Input from Participatory Design

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cardenas-Claros, Monica S.; Gruba, Paul A.

2010-01-01

Participatory design (PD), or the collaboration between software engineers and end users throughout the design process, may help improve CALL design practices. In this case study, four ESL learners, a software designer, and a language teacher created and evaluated a series of paper prototypes concerning help options in computer-based second…

Bridging Language Barriers in Multilingual Care Encounters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jansson, Gunilla

2014-01-01

The present case study demonstrates how the multilingual practices of a linguistically diverse workforce contribute to the functioning of a modern workplace. Based on ethnographic fieldwork and recordings in a residential home for elderly people with dementia in Sweden, the article explores how multilingual immigrant care workers creatively use…

Bridging Borders: Global Perspectives in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lath, Meenakshi

2009-01-01

The individualization of curriculum is a challenge for the teacher education system in India. Curricula are prescribed by Universities for all the affiliated colleges, and these undergo revision only every few years. The curriculum innovation described in this report is a response to this challenge. The study explores a unique case of the…

A Case Study of the Development of an Early Retirement Program for University Faculty.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chronister, Jay L.; Trainer, Aileen

1985-01-01

To offset declining enrollments, financial constraints, younger faculties, and high tenure ratios, some institutions are considering early retirement programs to facilitate faculty turnover. A University of Virginia faculty committee reviewed several early retirement options and selected a cost-effective bridging program with ample incentives and…

Building Capacity and Sustaining Endeavors

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kraybill, Anne; Din, Herminia

2015-01-01

In this article, institutional capacity and sustainability is considered. The authors explore a case study from Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art as an example of how museums can leverage not only online technologies to reach more learners regardless of geography, but to increase their reach through strategic partnerships.

Postcolonial Perspectives on Global Citizenship Education. Routledge Research in Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Oliveira Andreotti, Vanessa, Ed.; de Souza, Lynn Mario T. M., Ed.

2011-01-01

This volume bridges the gap between contemporary theoretical debates and educational policies and practices. It applies postcolonial theory as a framework of analysis that attempts to engage with and go beyond essentialism, ethno- and euro-centrisms through a critical examination of contemporary case studies and conceptual issues. From a…

Chronic rhino-orbital mucormycosis caused by Mucor irregularis (Rhizomucor variabilis) in India

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We describe a chronic case of rhino-orbital zygomycosis caused by Mucor irregularis, formerly known as Rhizomucor variabilis var. variabilis, a rare mycotic agent in humans. The infection caused progressive destruction of the nasal septum, soft and hard palate, leading to collapse of the nose bridge...

Digital Art Making as a Representational Process

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halverson, Erica Rosenfeld

2013-01-01

In this article I bring artistic production into the learning sciences conversation by using the production of representations as a bridging concept between art making and the new literacies. Through case studies with 4 youth media arts organizations across the United States I ask how organizations structure the process of producing…

FET commutated current-FED inverter

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Rippel, Wally E. (Inventor); Edwards, Dean B. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

A shunt switch comprised of a field-effect transistor (Q.sub.1) is employed to commutate a current-fed inverter (10) using thyristors (SCR1, SCR2) or bijunction transistors (Q.sub.2, Q.sub.3) in a full bridge (1, 2, 3, 4) or half bridge (5, 6) and transformer (T.sub.1) configuration. In the case of thyristors, a tapped inverter (12) is employed to couple the inverter to a dc source to back bias the thyristors during commutation. Alternatively, a commutation power supply (20) may be employed for that purpse. Diodes (D.sub.1, D.sub.2) in series with some voltage dropping element (resistor R.sub.12 or resistors R.sub.1, R.sub.2 or Zener diodes D.sub.4, D.sub.5) are connected in parallel with the thyristors in the half bridge and transformer configuration to assure sharing the back bias voltage. A clamp circuit comprised of a winding (18) negatively coupled to the inductor and a diode (D.sub.3) return stored energy from the inductor to the power supply for efficient operation with buck or boost mode.

Tsunamis: bridging science, engineering and society.

PubMed

Kânoğlu, U; Titov, V; Bernard, E; Synolakis, C

2015-10-28

Tsunamis are high-impact, long-duration disasters that in most cases allow for only minutes of warning before impact. Since the 2004 Boxing Day tsunami, there have been significant advancements in warning methodology, pre-disaster preparedness and basic understanding of related phenomena. Yet, the trail of destruction of the 2011 Japan tsunami, broadcast live to a stunned world audience, underscored the difficulties of implementing advances in applied hazard mitigation. We describe state of the art methodologies, standards for warnings and summarize recent advances in basic understanding, and identify cross-disciplinary challenges. The stage is set to bridge science, engineering and society to help build up coastal resilience and reduce losses. © 2015 The Author(s).

Mono- and binuclear molybdenum and tungsten complexes containing asymmetric bridging ligands: Effects of ligand conjugation and conformation on metal-metal interactions

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Das, A.; Jeffery, J.C.; Maher, J.P.

The authors have prepared the new monodentate ligands 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)pyridine, 1-(4-pyridyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene, 1-(4-pyridyl)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)ethene, and 1-(3-pyridyl)-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethene (L[sup 5]-L[sup 8]); demethylation of the methoxy group in each case afforded the new bridging bidentate ligands HL[sup 1]-HL[sup 4], which contain one pyridyl and one phenolate donor. Attachment of a MoL*(NO)Cl [L* = hydrotris(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)borate] moiety to the pyridyl groups of L[sup 5]-L[sup 8] gave the 17-electron complexes [Mo(NO)L*ClL[prime

A molecular mechanics study of the effect of substitution in position 1 on the conformational space of the oxytocin/vasopressin ring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tarnowska, Monika; Liwo, Adam; Shenderovich, Mark D.; Liepiņa, Inta; Golbraikh, Alexander A.; Grzonka, Zbigniew; Tempczyk, Anna

1993-12-01

The effect of the substitution in position 1 on the low-energy conformations of the oxytocin/vasopressin 20-membered ring was investigated by means of molecular mechanics. Three representative substitutions were considered: β'-mercapto-β,β-dimethyl)propionic acid (Dmp), (β'-mercapto-β,β-cyclopentamethylene)propionic acid (Cpp), both forming strong antagonists, and (α,α-dimethyl-β-mercapto)propionic acid (α-Dmp), forming analogs of strongly reduced biological activity, with the β-mercaptopropionic (Mpa) residue taken as reference. Both ECEPP/2 (rigid valence geometry) and AMBER (flexible valence geometry) force fields were employed in the calculations. Three basic types of backbone conformations were taken into account which are distinguished by the type of β-turn at residues 3 and 4: β1/βIII, βII, and βI'/βIII', all types containing one or two intra-annular hydrogen bonds. The allowed (ring-closed) disulfide-bridge conformations were searched by an algorithm formulated in terms of scanning the disulfide-bridge torsional angle Cβ-S-S-Cβ. The ECEPP/2 and AMBER energies of the obtained conformations were found to be in reasonable agreement. Two of the low-energy conformers of the [Mpa1]-compound agreed very well with the cyclic part of the two conformers found in the crystal structure of [Mpa1]-oxytocin. An analysis of the effect of β-substitution on relative energies showed that the conformations with the N-C'-CH2-CH2 (ψ'1) and C'-CH2-CH2-S (ϰ'1) angles of the first residue around (-100°, 60°) and (100°, -60°) are not affected; this in most cases implies a left-handed disulfide bridge. In the case of α-substitution the allowed values of ψ'1 are close to ± 60°. This requirement, being in contradiction to the one concerning β-substitution, could explain the very low biological activity of the α-substituted analogs. The conformational preferences of substituted compounds can largely be explained by the analysis of local interactions within the first residue. Based on the selection of the conformations which are low in energy for both the reference and β-substituted compounds, two distinct types of possible binding conformations were proposed, the first one being similar to the crystal conformer with a left-handed disulfide bridge, the second one having a right-handed bridge, but a geometry different from that of the crystal conformer with the right-handed bridge. The first type of disulfide-bridge arrangement is equally favorable for both βI/βIII and βII types of backbone structure, while the second one is allowed only for the βII type of backbone. No conformation of the βI'/βIII' type has a low enough energy to be considered as a possible binding conformation for all of the active compounds studied in this work.

Left heart bypass support with the Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump® as a bridge to decision and recovery in an adult.

PubMed

Kashiwa, Koichi; Nishimura, Takashi; Saito, Aya; Kubo, Hitoshi; Fukaya, Aoi; Tamai, Hisayoshi; Yambe, Tomoyuki; Kyo, Shunei; Ono, Minoru

2012-06-01

Since left heart bypass or biventricular circulatory assist with an extracorporeal centrifugal pump as a bridge to decision or recovery sometimes requires long-time support, the long-term durability of extracorporeal centrifugal pumps is crucial. The Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump(®) (MAQUET Cardiopulmonary AG, Hirrlingen, Germany) is one of the centrifugal pumps available for long-term use in Japan. However, there have been few reports of left heart bypass or biventricular circulatory support over the mid-term. This is a case report of left heart bypass support with the Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump(®) as a bridge to decision and recovery for an adult patient who could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass and percutaneous cardiopulmonary support after cardiac surgery. We could confirm that the patient's consciousness level was normal; however, the patient could not be weaned from the left heart bypass support lasting 1 month. Therefore, the circulatory assist device was switched to the extracorporeal Nipro ventricular assist device (VAD). This time, left heart bypass support could be maintained for 30 days using a single Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump(®). There were no signs of hemolysis during left heart bypass support. The Rotaflow Centrifugal Pump(®) itself may be used as a device for a bridge to decision or recovery before using a VAD in cardiogenic shock patients.

Enhanced biosensor performance using an avidin-biotin bridge for antibody immobilization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Narang, Upvan; Anderson, George P.; King, Keeley D.; Liss, Heidi S.; Ligler, Frances S.

1997-05-01

Maintaining antibody function after immobilization is critical to the performance of a biosensor. The conventional methods to immobilize antibodies onto surfaces are via covalent attachment using a crosslinker or by adsorption. Often, these methods of immobilization result in partial denaturation of the antibody and conformational changes leading to a reduced activity of the antibody. In this paper, we report on the immobilization of antibodies onto the surface of an optical fiber through an avidin-biotin bridge for the detection of ricin, ovalbumin, and Bacillus globigii (Bg). The assays are performed in a sandwich format. First, a capture antibody is immobilized, followed by the addition of the analyte. Finally, a fluorophore- labeled antibody is added for the specific detection of the analyte. The evanescent wave-induced fluorescence is coupled back through the same fiber to be detected using a photodiode. In all cases, we observe an improved performance of the biosensor, i.e., lower limit of detection and wide linear dynamic range, for the assays in which the antibody is immobilized via avidin-biotin bridges compared to covalent attachment method.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 43 (CHESVT00110043) on State Highway 11, crossing the Middle Branch Williams River, Chester, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Striker, Lora K.; Burns, Ronda L.

1997-01-01

76-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of two 37-foot concrete Tee-beam spans (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 29, 1995). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 35 degrees to the opening. The computed opening-skew-to-roadway was 30 degrees but the historical records indicate this angle is 25 degrees. Scour protection measures at the site consist of type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) along the downstream banks and the upstream right wing wall. Type-2 (less than 36 inches diameter) stone fill protection is noted on the upstream and downstream left wingwalls and upstream along the left bank. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 1.5 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 7.2 to 10.7 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge for the right abutment. Pier scour ranged from 7.3 to 8.6 ft. The worst-case pier scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Liquid-bridge stability and breakup on surfaces with contact-angle hysteresis.

PubMed

Akbari, Amir; Hill, Reghan J

2016-08-10

We study the stability and breakup of liquid bridges with a free contact line on surfaces with contact-angle hysteresis (CAH) under zero-gravity conditions. Non-ideal surfaces exhibit CAH because of surface imperfections, by which the constraints on three-phase contact lines are influenced. Given that interfacial instabilities are constraint-sensitive, understanding how CAH affects the stability and breakup of liquid bridges is crucial for predicting the drop size in contact-drop dispensing. Unlike ideal surfaces on which contact lines are always free irrespective of surface wettability, contact lines may undergo transitions from pinned to free and vice versa during drop deposition on non-ideal surfaces. Here, we experimentally and theoretically examine how stability and breakup are affected by CAH, highlighting cases where stability is lost during a transition from a pinned-pinned (more constrained) to pinned-free (less constrained) interface-rather than a critical state. This provides a practical means of expediting or delaying stability loss. We also demonstrate how the dynamic contact angle can control the contact-line radius following stability loss.

Temporary implant-supported prosthesis for immediate loading according to a chair-side concept: technical note and results from 37 consecutive cases.

PubMed

Ostman, Pär-Olov; Hellman, Mats; Sennerby, Lars; Wennerberg, Ann

2008-05-01

During the last years, focus has been paid to implant treatment using immediate function protocols, and different approaches to provide patients with temporary constructions have been presented. Most of these techniques involve dental technicians producing the temporary construction, for example, rebuilding existing dentures, acrylic bridges, etc. The purpose of this prospective clinical study was to evaluate the clinical outcome of a chair-side technique of a cost-effective temporary prosthesis. Fixture survival rate and risk of temporary bridge failure were analyzed. Thirty-seven partially or totally edentate patients (18 female and 19 male; mean age: 66.7 years) treated with chair-side manufactured temporary restorations (QuickBridge, BIOMET 3i, Palm Beach, Fl, USA) for immediate loading have been evaluated. The prostheses extended from two unit bridges supported by two implants to full-arch construction supported by six implants. The temporary prostheses were monitored from the day of surgery and delivery to the time of replacement with a permanent prosthetic construction 3 to 6 months later. No implants were lost during the observation time. One (3%) temporary prosthesis fractured and additional two (6%) loosened during the follow-up time. The study indicated that the tested chair-side concept for manufacturing of temporary prosthesis for immediate loading of dental implants is a viable approach.

AE characteristic for monitoring of fatigue crack in steel bridge members

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoon, Dong-Jin; Jung, Juong-Chae; Park, Philip; Lee, Seung-Seok

2000-06-01

Acoustic emission technique was employed for the monitoring of crack activity in both steel bridge members and laboratory specimen. Laboratory experiment was carried out to identify AE characteristics of fatigue cracks for compact tension specimen. The relationship between a stress intensity factor and AE signals activity as well as conventional AE parameter analysis was discussed. A field test was also conducted on a railway bridge, which contain several fatigue cracks. Crack activities were investigated while in service with strain measurement. From the results, in the laboratory tests, the features of three parameters such as the length of crack growth, the AE energy, and the cumulative AE events, showed the almost same trend in their increase as the number of fatigue cycle increased. From the comparisons of peak amplitude and AE energy with stress intensity factor, it was verified that the higher stress intensity factors generated AE signals with higher peak amplitude and a large number of AE counts. In the field test, real crack propagation signals were captured and the crack activity was verified in two cases.

Developmental Outcomes after Early Prefrontal Cortex Damage

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Eslinger, Paul J.; Flaherty-Craig, Claire V.; Benton, Arthur L.

2004-01-01

The neuropsychological bases of cognitive, social, and moral development are minimally understood, with a seemingly wide chasm between developmental theories and brain maturation models. As one approach to bridging ideas in these areas, we review 10 cases of early prefrontal cortex damage from the clinical literature, highlighting overall clinical…

"Mind the Gap": Researchers Ignore Politics at Their Own Risk.

PubMed

Feder, Judith

2016-02-01

No matter how distasteful researchers find policy politics, effective policy requires that they engage. Drawing on her career bridging the research/politics gap in health care policy, the author makes a case for why and how researchers can do just that. Copyright © 2016 by Duke University Press.

33 CFR 26.03 - Radiotelephone required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... on board capable of operation from its navigational bridge, or in the case of a dredge, from its main control station, and capable of transmitting and receiving on the frequency or frequencies within the 156... section must be carried on board the described vessels, dredges, and floating plants upon the navigable...

33 CFR 26.03 - Radiotelephone required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... on board capable of operation from its navigational bridge, or in the case of a dredge, from its main control station, and capable of transmitting and receiving on the frequency or frequencies within the 156... section must be carried on board the described vessels, dredges, and floating plants upon the navigable...

Instructional Materials in Consumer Education: Interpersonal Relations.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

North Dakota State Board for Vocational Education, Bismarck.

The seven interpersonal relations units in the consumer education guide are: Expressing Satisfaction or Dissatisfaction with Consumer Goods and Services, What to Do in Case of a Financial Crisis, Bridging the Generation Gap, Rebellion, Emotions, Discovering Myself, and Dual Role (homemaker/wage earner). Grade levels of the units, are…

Bridging the Gap between Accounting Students and the Profession: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lightweis, Susan

2014-01-01

This study addresses the gap between accounting educators and the profession. Research indicates accounting graduates are underprepared for this challenging career. The issue stems from accounting educators who only lecture and accounting students who memorize the information provided in these lectures. Accounting students need opportunities to…

An orthogonal ferromagnetically coupled tetracopper(II) 2 x 2 homoleptic grid supported by micro-O4 bridges and its DFT study.

PubMed

Roy, Somnath; Mandal, Tarak Nath; Barik, Anil Kumar; Pal, Sachindranath; Butcher, Ray J; El Fallah, Mohamed Salah; Tercero, Javier; Kar, Susanta Kumar

2007-03-28

A pyrazole based ditopic ligand (PzOAP), prepared by the reaction between 5-methylpyrazole-3-carbohydrazide and methyl ester of imino picolinic acid, reacts with Cu(NO3)2.6H2O to form a self-assembled, ferromagnetically coupled, alkoxide bridged tetranuclear homoleptic Cu(II) square grid-complex [Cu4(PzOAP)4(NO3)2] (NO3)2.4H2O (1) with a central Cu4[micro-O4] core, involving four ligand molecules. In the Cu4[micro-O4] core, out of four copper centers, two copper centers are penta-coordinated and the remaining two are hexa-coordinated. In each case of hexa-coordination, the sixth position is occupied by the nitrate ion. The complex 1 has been characterized structurally and magnetically. Although Cu-O-Cu bridge angles are too large (138-141 degrees) and Cu-Cu distances are short (4.043-4.131 A), suitable for propagation of expected antiferromagnetic exchange interactions within the grid, yet intramolecular ferromagnetic exchange (J = 5.38 cm(-1)) is present with S = 4/2 magnetic ground state. This ferromagnetic interaction is quite obvious from the bridging connections (d(x2-y2)) lying almost orthogonally between the metal centers. The exchange pathways parameters have been evaluated from density functional calculations.

Designing a Bridging Discourse: Re-Mediation of a Mathematical Learning Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis, Katherine E.

2017-01-01

Students with disabilities present a unique instructional design challenge. These students often have qualitatively different ways of processing information, meaning that standard instructional approaches may not be effective. In this study I present a case study of a student with a mathematical learning disability for whom standard instruction on…

Design of bridges against large tectonic deformation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Anastasopoulos, I.; Gazetas, G.; Drosos, V.; Georgarakos, T.; Kourkoulis, R.

2008-12-01

The engineering community has devoted much effort to understanding the response of soil-structure systems to seismic ground motions, but little attention to the effects of an outcropping fault offset. The 1999 earthquakes of Turkey and Taiwan, offering a variety of case histories of structural damage due to faulting, have (re)fueled the interest on the subject. This paper presents a methodology for design of bridges against tectonic deformation. The problem is decoupled in two analysis steps: the first (at the local level) deals with the response of a single pier and its foundation to fault rupture propagating through the soil, and the superstructure is modeled in a simplified manner; and the second (at the global level) investigates detailed models of the superstructure subjected to the support (differential) displacements of Step 1. A parametric study investigates typical models of viaduct and overpass bridges, founded on piles or caissons. Fixed-head piled foundations are shown to be rather vulnerable to faulting-induced deformation. End-bearing piles in particular are unable to survive bedrock offsets exceeding 10 cm. Floating piles perform better, and if combined with hinged pile-to-cap connections, they could survive much larger offsets. Soil resilience is beneficial in reducing pile distress. Caisson foundations are almost invariably successful. Statically-indeterminate superstructures are quite vulnerable, while statically-determinate are insensitive (allowing differential displacements and rotations without suffering any distress). For large-span cantilever-construction bridges, where a statically determinate system is hardly an option, inserting resilient seismic isolation bearings is advantageous as long as ample seating can prevent the deck from falling off the supports. An actual application of the developed method is presented for a major bridge, demonstrating the feasibility of design against tectonic deformation.

78 FR 4439 - United States

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-01-22

... DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Antitrust Division United States v. Oklahoma State Chiropractic Independent... Chiropractic Independent Physicians Association and Larry M. Bridges, Civil Case No. 13-CV-21- TCK-TLW. On... prices or terms for chiropractic services. Copies of the Complaint, proposed Final Judgment, and...

Spectrum of histopathological changes encountered in stented colorectal carcinomas.

PubMed

Fryer, Eve; Gorissen, Kim J; Wang, Lai Mun; Guy, Richard; Chetty, Runjan

2015-03-01

Self-expanding metallic stents (SEMS) are increasingly being used in obstructing colorectal cancer (CRC) as a 'bridge to surgery', allowing conversion of potentially high-risk emergency resections to elective procedures. Stenting may cause a wide array of histological changes. We present the largest series to date of stented CRC, performed and reported at a single institution. Stented CRC specimens received in January 2006 to December 2011 were identified from our pathology database. Slides for each case were independently reviewed by two pathologists, and a consensus was reached. A total of 72 CRCs were identified, 15 at or proximal to the splenic flexure, and 57 left-sided. Thirty-six were stage pT3 and 36 were stage pT4. Perforation was observed in 14 cases. The effects of stenting on the tumour included tumour necrosis (100%) and flat ulceration (77.8%). The spectrum of changes in the background bowel included mimics of inflammatory bowel disease, tumour regression post-neoadjuvant therapy, and ischaemia. Given the inclusion of stenting of CRC as a bridge to surgery in the current NICE guidelines, we expect to see increasing numbers of such cases. In our study, a range of changes were encountered that mimic other bowel diseases, from simple fissuring to chronic inflammatory bowel disease and neoadjuvant regression change. © 2014 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

High Performance ZVT with Bus Clamping Modulation Technique for Single Phase Full Bridge Inverters

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xia, Yinglai; Ayyanar, Raja

2016-03-20

This paper proposes a topology based on bus clamping modulation and zero-voltage-transition (ZVT) technique to realize zero-voltage-switching (ZVS) for all the main switches of the full bridge inverters, and inherent ZVS and/or ZCS for the auxiliary switches. The advantages of the strategy include significant reduction in the turn-on loss of the ZVT auxiliary switches which typically account for a major part of the total loss in other ZVT circuits, and reduction in the voltage ratings of auxiliary switches. The modulation scheme and the commutation stages are analyzed in detail. Finally, a 1kW, 500 kHz switching frequency inverter of the proposedmore » topology using SiC MOSFETs has been built to validate the theoretical analysis. The ZVT with bus clamping modulation technique of fixed timing and adaptive timing schemes are implemented in DSP TMS320F28335 resulting in full ZVS for the main switches in the full bridge inverter. The proposed scheme can save up to 33 % of the switching loss compared with no ZVT case.« less

Using Cloud Collaboration for Writing Assignments by Students with Disabilities: A Case Study Using Action Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Keane, Kjrsten; Russell, Miriam

2014-01-01

Though separated by geographical distance, a student with disabilities, his advisor, and his writing coach consorted in the Cloud using Google applications to achieve a writing goal. Our scenario demonstrates how emerging technologies can bridge transactional distance and "virtually" supplant face-to-face conferencing around a college…

Collaborative Learning in Multicultural Classrooms: A Case Study of Dutch Senior Secondary Vocational Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tielman, Kennedy; den Brok, Perry; Bolhuis, Sanneke; Vallejo, Bertha

2012-01-01

This research presents a descriptive study regarding collaborative learning in a multicultural classroom at a vocational education school in The Netherlands. The study bridges two domains of research: research on culturally diverse learning environments--which has mostly concerned primary and general secondary education--and studies on…

On switching response surface models, with applications to the structural health monitoring of bridges

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Worden, K.; Cross, E. J.

2018-01-01

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) is the engineering discipline of diagnosing damage and estimating safe remaining life for structures and systems. Often, SHM is accomplished by detecting changes in measured quantities from the structure of interest; if there are no competing explanations for the changes, one infers that they are the result of damage. If the structure of interest is subject to changes in its environmental or operational conditions, one must understand the effects of these changes in order that one does not falsely claim that damage has occurred when changes in measured quantities are observed. This problem - the problem of confounding influences - is particularly pressing for civil infrastructure where the given structure is usually openly exposed to the weather and may be subject to strongly varying operational conditions. One approach to understanding confounding influences is to construct a data-based response surface model that can represent measurement variations as a function of environmental and operational variables. The models can then be used to remove environmental and operational variations so that change detection algorithms signal the occurrence of damage alone. The current paper is concerned with such response surface models in the case of SHM of bridges. In particular, classes of response surface models that can switch discontinuously between regimes are discussed. Recently, it has been shown that Gaussian Process (GP) models are an effective means of developing response surface or surrogate models. However, the GP approach runs into difficulties if changes in the latent variables cause the structure of interest to abruptly switch between regimes. A good example here, which is well known in the SHM literature, is given by the Z24 Bridge in Switzerland which completely changed its dynamical behaviour when it cooled below zero degrees Celsius as the asphalt of the deck stiffened. The solution proposed here is to adopt the recently-proposed Treed Gaussian Process (TGP) model as an alternative. The approach is illustrated here on the Z24 bridge and also on data from the Tamar Bridge in the UK which shows marked switching behaviour in certain of its dynamical characteristics when its ambient wind conditions change. It is shown that treed GPs provide an effective approach to response surface modelling and that in the Tamar case, a linear model is in fact sufficient to solve the problem.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 35, (ANDOVT00110035) on State Route 11, crossing the Middle Branch Williams River, Andover, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Wild, Emily C.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure ANDOVT00110035 on State Route 11 crossing the Middle Branch Williams River, Andover, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (Federal Highway Administration, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in south-central Vermont. The 4.65-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest on the left bank and small trees and brush on the right bank upstream and downstream of the bridge. In the study area, the Middle Branch Williams River has an incised, meandering channel with a slope of approximately 0.02 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 57 ft and an average bank height of 4 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 31.4 mm (0.103 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 28, 1996, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable. There are cut-banks upstream and downstream of the bridge and an island in the channel upstream. The State Route 11 crossing of the Middle Branch Williams River is a 28-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 24-ft concrete tee-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 28, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 23.6 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 45 degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-to-roadway is 25 degrees. A scour hole ranging from 1.5 to 1.75 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed along the upstream left wingwall, the left abutment, and the downstream left wingwall during the Level I assessment. The scour countermeasures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) at the right road approach upstream and downstream of the bridge and type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) at the left road approach upstream and downstream of the bridge. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 2.0 to 4.3 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 14.4 to 16.5 ft at the left abutment and from 6.3 to 8.8 ft at the right abutment. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Particle Swarm-Based Translation Control for Immersed Tunnel Element in the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge Project

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jun-jun; Yang, Xiao-jun; Xiao, Ying-jie; Xu, Bo-wei; Wu, Hua-feng

2018-03-01

Immersed tunnel is an important part of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge (HZMB) project. In immersed tunnel floating, translation which includes straight and transverse movements is the main working mode. To decide the magnitude and direction of the towing force for each tug, a particle swarm-based translation control method is presented for non-power immersed tunnel element. A sort of linear weighted logarithmic function is exploited to avoid weak subgoals. In simulation, the particle swarm-based control method is evaluated and compared with traditional empirical method in the case of the HZMB project. Simulation results show that the presented method delivers performance improvement in terms of the enhanced surplus towing force.

A Case Study of the Land of Enchantment Teacher Quality Partnership for Aspiring School Administrators

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mizell, Kimberly

2013-01-01

What are the considerations required to developing a leadership preparation program, and a professional development plan that bridges the theoretical perspective to the practitioners' perspective? An inquiry was conducted to gain insight into the individual perspectives of three diverse women administrators who participated in the Land of…

Challenging Negative Perceptions of Black Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Milner, H. Richard

2012-01-01

In this article, the author focuses on a case study of an African-American teacher's perceptions about teaching and instructional practices in an urban middle school, Bridge Middle School. He provides a counter to some negative conceptions of Black teachers in general through a focus on this teacher: the way she thinks about her roles and…

Utilizing Emergency Departments as Learning Spaces through a Post-Occupancy Evaluation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guinther, Lindsey Lawry; Carll-White, Allison

2014-01-01

This case study describes the use of an emergency department as a learning space for interior design students. Kolb's (1984; 2005) framework identifies the characteristics of experiential learning and learning spaces, serving as the bridge to unify learning styles and the learning environment. A post-occupancy evaluation was conducted with…

The Case of the Flooded Island.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGinnis, Randy

1989-01-01

Presents a hands-on activity for bridging the gap between the exposure to three-dimensional topography and contour mapping. This activity describes the use of a volcano-making activity and offers laboratory sheets that can be duplicated for student use. Argues that students learn the concept of contour mapping better in a guided fashion that holds…

New Directions in Composition Research. Perspectives in Writing Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Beach, Richard, Ed.; Bridwell, Lillian S., Ed.

This book contains 20 articles, from a wide variety of perspectives, designed to bridge the interests of researchers and teachers on the topic of current composition research. The following articles are included: "Studying the Writing Abilities of a University Freshman Class: Strategies from a Case Study" (Charles R. Cooper, with Roger…

[Modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis for repairing soft tissue defects in middle and lower segments of leg].

PubMed

Yang, Lin; Liu, Hongjun; Zhang, Wenzhong; Song, Guoxun; Xia, Shicong; Zhang, Naichen; Gu, Jiaxiang; Yuan, Chaoqun

2017-10-01

To explore the effectiveness of modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis in treatment of soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the leg. Between March 2011 and June 2015, 15 cases with skin and soft tissue defects in the middle and lower segments of the legs were treated. There were 9 males and 6 females, aged 22-48 years (mean, 32.6 years). Of whom, 8 patients caused by traffic accidents, 5 by machine twist, and 2 by crash injury of heavy object. The mean interval from injury to admission was 82.6 hours (range, 2 hours to 1 week). The area of defect ranged from 13 cm×9 cm to 23 cm×16 cm. After primary debridement and vaccum sealing drainage treatment, the defects were repaired with modified anterolateral thigh perforator flap pedicled by cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis. The size of flap ranged from 15 cm×10 cm to 25 cm×15 cm. The donor sites were sutured directly or repaired with the skin grafts. The pedicle division was done at 4 weeks after operation. After operation, venous crisis occurred in 1 case and distal skin necrosis in 2 cases which was healed by dressing change. The other tissue flaps survived successfully and wounds healed by first intention. All skin grafts at donor site survived after operation, and primary healing of wound was obtained. All patients were followed up 6-24 months (mean, 13 months). All flaps were characterized by soft texture, satisfactory appearance, and restoring the protective sensation. Moreover, the two-point discrimination ranged from 15 to 28 mm (mean, 19.5 mm) at 6 months after operation. The function of both lower extremities were normal without obvious contracture of scar at donor site. Modified free anterolateral thigh perforator flap, with little damage in donor site, a reliable blood supply by making a cross-bridge microvascular anastomosis with pretibial or posterior tibial blood vessel on normal leg, is a reliable alternative method for repairing soft tissue defects with the main vessels of serious injury in the middle and lower segments of the leg.

Superconducting properties of NbN film, bridge and meanders

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Joshi, Lalit M.; Verma, Apoorva; Gupta, Anurag; Rout, P. K.; Husale, Sudhir; Budhani, R. C.

2018-05-01

The transport properties of superconducting NbN nanostructures in the form of thin film, bridge of width (w) = 50 μm and three meanders of w = 500, 250 and 100 nm have been investigated by resistance (R) measurements in temperature (T) range = 2 -300 K and magnetic field (B) range = 0 - 7 Tesla. The nanostructuring was carried out using Focused Ion Beam (FIB) milling. Reduction of sample width results in significant changes in the normal and superconducting state properties. For instance, the observed metallic behavior in the thin film sample is lost and the normal state resistance increases drastically from 2.4 Ω to 418 kΩ for the 100 nm meander. In the superconducting state, the value of critical temperature Tc (upper critical field Bc2 at T = 0 K) reduces gradually with width reduction, it changes from 13.15 K (42.8 Tesla) in the case of thin film sample to 5.7 K (12.7 Tesla) for the 100 nm meander sample. The superconducting transitions are found to get broader for the bridge sample and the meanders additionally show low-temperature resistive tails. In case of all the samples with reduced width, the transition onsets are found to be rounded at surprisingly high values of T ˜ 25 K >> Tc. These results are discussed in terms of the possible effects of FIB processing and weak localization in our samples.

Optimum free energy in the reference functional approach for the integral equations theory

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ayadim, A.; Oettel, M.; Amokrane, S.

2009-03-01

We investigate the question of determining the bulk properties of liquids, required as input for practical applications of the density functional theory of inhomogeneous systems, using density functional theory itself. By considering the reference functional approach in the test particle limit, we derive an expression of the bulk free energy that is consistent with the closure of the Ornstein-Zernike equations in which the bridge functions are obtained from the reference system bridge functional. By examining the connection between the free energy functional and the formally exact bulk free energy, we obtain an improved expression of the corresponding non-local term in the standard reference hypernetted chain theory derived by Lado. In this way, we also clarify the meaning of the recently proposed criterion for determining the optimum hard-sphere diameter in the reference system. This leads to a theory in which the sole input is the reference system bridge functional both for the homogeneous system and the inhomogeneous one. The accuracy of this method is illustrated with the standard case of the Lennard-Jones fluid and with a Yukawa fluid with very short range attraction.

Streambed scour evaluations and conditions at selected bridge sites in Alaska, 2013–15

USGS Publications Warehouse

Beebee, Robin A.; Dworsky, Karenth L.; Knopp, Schyler J.

2017-12-27

Streambed scour potential was evaluated at 52 river- and stream-spanning bridges in Alaska that lack a quantitative scour analysis or have unknown foundation details. All sites were evaluated for stream stability and long-term scour potential. Contraction scour and abutment scour were calculated for 52 bridges, and pier scour was calculated for 11 bridges that had piers. Vertical contraction (pressure flow) scour was calculated for sites where the modeled water surface was higher than the superstructure of the bridge. In most cases, hydraulic models of the 1- and 0.2-percent annual exceedance probability floods (also known as the 100- and 500-year floods, respectively) were used to derive hydraulic variables for the scour calculations. Alternate flood values were used in scour calculations for sites where smaller floods overtopped a bridge or where standard flood-frequency estimation techniques did not apply. Scour also was calculated for large recorded floods at 13 sites.Channel instability at 11 sites was related to human activities (in-channel mining, dredging, and channel relocation). Eight of the dredged sites are located on active unstable alluvial fans and were graded to protect infrastructure. The trend toward aggradation during major floods at these sites reduces confidence in scour estimates.Vertical contraction and pressure flow occurred during the 0.2-percent or smaller annual exceedance probability floods at eight sites. Contraction scour exceeded 5 feet (ft) at four sites, and total scour at piers (pier scour plus contraction scour) exceeded 5 ft at four sites. Debris accumulation increased calculated pier scour at six sites by an average of 2.4 ft. Total scour at abutments exceeded 5 ft at 10 sites. Scour estimates seemed excessive at two piers where equations did not account for channel armoring, and at four abutments where failure of the embankment and attendant channel widening would reduce scour.

Deep Reading: Building a Schematic Bridge across World Mythology and Multicultural Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allender, Dale

2002-01-01

The study of mythology that passes on stories is cultural reproduction. By focusing primarily on classical Greek and Roman mythology, teachers handicap students' ability to enter into dialogue about more diverse literature, thus limiting their ability to live more fully in today's diverse, multicultural world. A bibliographic case study of the…

Feasible Interventions: Bridging the Gap between Co-Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jarvis, Michael A.

2014-01-01

The purpose of this case study was to gain a deeper understanding of the perceptions of the feasibility of employing the five models of co-teaching (Friend & Cook, 1995) through the co-teachers' experience and how this affected both the relationship between co-teachers and student outcomes. This research addressed a literature gap not…

Bridging the Language and Cultural Gaps: The Use of Blogs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garcia-Sanchez, Soraya; Rojas-Lizana, Sol

2012-01-01

This article aims to demonstrate how the use of an online journal, a bilingual blog, can contribute to filling in the language and cultural gaps of foreign language learners. This case study focuses on the participation, interaction, motivation, language acquisition, feedback and cultural input improved by students of Spanish as a Foreign Language…

The Difficult Bridge between University and Industry: A Case Study in Computer Science Teaching

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schilling, Jan; Klamma, Ralf

2010-01-01

Recently, there has been increasing criticism concerning academic computer science education. This paper presents a new approach based on the principles of constructivist learning design as well as the ideas of knowledge transfer in communities of practice. The course "High-tech Entrepreneurship and New Media" was introduced as an…

Bridging meso- and microscopic anisotropic unilateral damage formulations for microcracked solids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhu, Qi-Zhi; Yuan, Shuang-Shuang; Shao, Jian-fu

2017-04-01

A mathematically consistent and unified description of induced anisotropy and unilateral effects constitutes one of the central tasks in the continuum damage theories developed so far. This paper aims at bridging constitutive damage formulations on meso- and micro-scales with an emphasis on a complete mesoscopic determination of material effective properties for microcracked solids. The key is to introduce a new set of invariants in terms of strain tensor and fabric tensor by making use of the Walpole's tensorial base. This invariant set proves to be equivalent to the classical one, while the new one provides great conveniences to high-order orientation-dependent tensor manipulations. When limited to the case of parallel microcracks, potential relations between ten combination coefficients are established by applying continuity conditions. It is found that the dilute approximation with penny-shaped microcracks is a particular case of the present one. By originally introducing effective strain effect, interactions between microcracks are taken into account with comparison to the Mori-Tanaka method as well as the Ponte-Castaneda and Willis scheme. For completeness, discussions are also addressed on macroscopic formulations with high-order damage variables.

Clinical outcomes and repair integrity after arthroscopic full-thickness rotator cuff repair: suture-bridge versus double-row modified Mason-Allen technique.

PubMed

Lee, Kwang Won; Yang, Dae Suk; Lee, Gyu Sang; Ma, Chang Hyun; Choy, Won Sik

2018-05-23

This retrospective study compared the clinical and radiologic outcomes of patients who underwent arthroscopic rotator cuff repairs by the suture-bridge and double-row modified Mason-Allen techniques. From January 2012 to May 2013, 76 consecutive cases of full-thickness rotator cuff tear, 1 to 4 cm in the sagittal plane, for which arthroscopic rotator cuff repair was performed, were included. The suture-bridge technique was used in 37 consecutive shoulders; and the double-row modified Mason-Allen technique, in 39 consecutive shoulders. Clinical outcomes at a minimum of 2 years (mean, 35.7 months) were evaluated postoperatively using the visual analog scale; University of California, Los Angeles Shoulder Scale; American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Subjective Shoulder Scale; and Constant score. Postoperative cuff integrity was evaluated at a mean of 17.7 months by magnetic resonance imaging. At the final follow-up, the clinical outcomes improved in both groups (all P < .001) but with no significant differences between the 2 groups (all P > .05). The retear rate was 18.9% in the shoulders subjected to suture-bridge repair and 12.8% in the double-row modified Mason-Allen group; the difference was not significant (P = .361). Despite the presence of fewer suture anchors, the patients who underwent double-row modified Mason-Allen repair had comparable shoulder functional outcomes and a comparable retear rate with those who underwent suture-bridge repair. Therefore, the double-row modified Mason-Allen repair technique can be considered an effective treatment for patients with medium- to large-sized full-thickness rotator cuff tears. Copyright © 2018 Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery Board of Trustees. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 29 (ROYATH00920029) on Town Highway 92, crossing the First Branch White River, Royalton, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wild, Emily C.; Hammond, Robert E.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure ROYATH00920029 on Town Highway 92 crossing the First Branch White River, Royalton, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in central Vermont. The 101-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream and downstream of the bridge. In the study area, the First Branch White River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.001 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 81 ft and an average bank height of 9 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to bedrock with a median grain size (D50) of 1.18 mm (0.00347 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I site visit on July 23, 1996 and Level II site visit on June 2, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 92 crossing of the First Branch White River is a 59-ft-long, one-lane bridge consisting of a 57-foot steel-stringer span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 23, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 52.2 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 20 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. A scour hole 4.0 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed in the upstream channel during the Level I assessment. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the upstream left and right wingwalls, the left abutment and downstream left wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 4.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge, which was less than the 100-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 12.9 to 15.4 ft, where the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 14.5 to 15.0 ft, where the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 100-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 47 (PLYMTH00540047) on Town Highway 54, crossing Pinney Hollow Brook, Plymouth, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wild, Emily C.; Weber, Matthew A.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure PLYMTH00540047 on Town Highway 54 crossing Pinney Hollow Brook, Plymouth, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (FHWA, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gathered from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in south-central Vermont. The 7.9-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream and downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. In the study area, Pinney Hollow Brook has an incised, straight channel with a slope of approximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 57 ft and an average bank height of 7 ft. The channel bed material ranges from sand to cobbles with a median grain size (D50) of 45.7 mm (0.150 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on March 30, 1995 and Level II site visit on October 2, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 54 crossing of Pinney Hollow Brook is a 30-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of a 27-foot steel-stringer span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 22, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 25.7 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is not skewed to the opening and the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) along the upstream left wingwall, the upstream right wingwall and the downstream end of the downstream left wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E.Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 2.0 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge, which was less than the 100-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 3.4 to 6.7 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 8.9 to 9.6 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 100-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 45 (BRNETH00070045) on Town Highway 7, crossing the Stevens River, Barnet, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ivanoff, Michael A.; Hammond, Robert E.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure BRNETH00070045 on Town Highway 7 crossing the Stevens River, Barnet, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in east-central Vermont. The 41.5-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest upstream and pasture downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. In the study area, the Stevens River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.02 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 100 ft and an average bank height of 17 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 105 mm (0.344 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 22, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 7 crossing of the Stevens River is a 37-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 34-foot concrete slab span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 16, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 33 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 20 degrees. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the entire left and right abutments, upstream and downstream wingwalls, and upstream and downstream banks. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge is determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.8 to 5.4 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge, which was greater than the 100-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 21.8 to 28.6 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 14.6 to 17.4 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Using three dimensional silicone ``boots`` to solve complex remedial design problems in curtain walls

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Y.J.

1998-12-31

Stick system curtain wall leak problems are frequently caused by water entry at the splice joints of the curtain wall frame and failure of the internal metal joinery seals. Remedial solutions involving occupied buildings inevitably face the multiple constraints of existing construction and business operations not present during the original curtain wall construction. In most cases, even partial disassembly of the curtain wall for internal seal repairs is not feasible. Remedial solutions which must be executed from the exterior of the curtain wall often involve wet-applied or preformed sealant tape bridge joints. However, some of the more complex joints cannotmore » be repaired effectively or economically with the conventional bridge joint. Fortunately, custom fabricated three-dimensional preformed sealant boots are becoming available to address these situations. This paper discusses the design considerations and the selective use of three-dimensional preformed boots in sealing complex joint geometry that would not be effective with the conventional two-dimensional bridge joint.« less

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 30 (NEWHTH00050030) on Town Highway 5, crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Wild, Emily C.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure NEWHTH00050030 on Town Highway 5 crossing the New Haven River, New Haven, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (Federal Highway Administration, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D.The site is in the Champlain section of the St. Lawrence Valley physiographic province in west-central Vermont. The 115-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture on the right bank upstream and downstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. The upstream left bank is also pasture. The downstream left bank is forested.In the study area, the New Haven River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 127 ft and an average bank height of 5 ft. The channel bed material ranges from silt to cobble with a median grain size (D50) of 20.4 mm (0.067 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on June 19, 1996, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable. The stream bends through the bridge and impacts the left bank where there is a cut bank and scour hole.The Town Highway 5 crossing of the New Haven River is a 181-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of four 45-ft concrete tee-beam spans (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, December 15, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 175.9 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with stone fill spill-through embankments and three concrete piers. The channel is skewed approximately 15 degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-to-roadway is 10 degrees.A scour hole 4.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed along the downstream left bank during the Level I assessment. Also observed was a scour hole 1.5 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth at the upstream end of the middle pier. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) in front of the left and right abutments creating spill through slopes. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E.Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows.Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.7 to 2.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 6.8 to 8.4 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 11.2 to 14.0 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Pier scour ranged from 12.9 to 19.3 ft. The worst-case pier scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution.It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Modeling donor/acceptor interactions: Combined roles of theory and computation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Newton, M.D.

2000-03-05

An extended superexchange model for electron transfer (ET) matrix elements (H{sub DA}) has been formulated as a superposition of McConnell-type pathways and implemented by combined use of configuration interaction wave functions (obtained using the INDO/s model of Zerner and co-workers) and the generalized Muliken-Hush formulation of charge-localized diabatic states. Applications are made for et (and hold transfer) in several donor/bridge/acceptor radical anion (and cation) systems, (DBA){sup {+-}}, allowing detailed comparison with experimental H{sub DA} estimates. For the case of oligo phenylene ethynylene (OPE) bridges, the role of {pi} and {sigma} electronic manifolds for different distributions of phenylene torsion angles ismore » analyzed in detail.« less

Deprotonation of hydrogen bonded Schiff bases by three strong nitrogen bases

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schilf, Wojciech; Cmoch, Piotr; Szady-Chełmieniecka, Anna; Grech, Eugeniusz

2009-03-01

Three Schiff bases obtained from substituted salicylaldehydes and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde and aliphatic amines were investigated in terms of possible withdrawal of tautomeric proton from intramolecular hydrogen bridge. Three strong nitrogen bases: 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphtalene (DMAN), 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (TMG) and 1,8-bis(tetramethylguanidino)naphthalene (TMGN) were used as deprotonating agents in acetonitrile solution at room temperature. In the specified conditions it was found that only in the case of 5-nitrosalicylaldehyde and isopropyl amine derivative this process could be performed using TMG and TMGN as a base. The other derivatives, where bridged proton is shifted to oxygen or nitrogen atom, do not undergo such reaction. The deprotonation process was monitored by nitrogen and proton NMR measurements.

Cross-Disciplinary Consultancy to Bridge Public Health Technical Needs and Analytic Developers: Asyndromic Surveillance Use Case

PubMed Central

Faigen, Zachary; Deyneka, Lana; Ising, Amy; Neill, Daniel; Conway, Mike; Fairchild, Geoffrey; Gunn, Julia; Swenson, David; Painter, Ian; Johnson, Lauren; Kiley, Chris; Streichert, Laura

2015-01-01

Introduction: We document a funded effort to bridge the gap between constrained scientific challenges of public health surveillance and methodologies from academia and industry. Component tasks are the collection of epidemiologists’ use case problems, multidisciplinary consultancies to refine them, and dissemination of problem requirements and shareable datasets. We describe an initial use case and consultancy as a concrete example and challenge to developers. Materials and Methods: Supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Biosurveillance Ecosystem project, the International Society for Disease Surveillance formed an advisory group to select tractable use case problems and convene inter-disciplinary consultancies to translate analytic needs into well-defined problems and to promote development of applicable solution methods. The initial consultancy’s focus was a problem originated by the North Carolina Department of Health and its NC DETECT surveillance system: Derive a method for detection of patient record clusters worthy of follow-up based on free-text chief complaints and without syndromic classification. Results: Direct communication between public health problem owners and analytic developers was informative to both groups and constructive for the solution development process. The consultancy achieved refinement of the asyndromic detection challenge and of solution requirements. Participants summarized and evaluated solution approaches and discussed dissemination and collaboration strategies. Practice Implications: A solution meeting the specification of the use case described above could improve human monitoring efficiency with expedited warning of events requiring follow-up, including otherwise overlooked events with no syndromic indicators. This approach can remove obstacles to collaboration with efficient, minimal data-sharing and without costly overhead. PMID:26834939

Cross-Disciplinary Consultancy to Bridge Public Health Technical Needs and Analytic Developers: Asyndromic Surveillance Use Case.

PubMed

Faigen, Zachary; Deyneka, Lana; Ising, Amy; Neill, Daniel; Conway, Mike; Fairchild, Geoffrey; Gunn, Julia; Swenson, David; Painter, Ian; Johnson, Lauren; Kiley, Chris; Streichert, Laura; Burkom, Howard

2015-01-01

We document a funded effort to bridge the gap between constrained scientific challenges of public health surveillance and methodologies from academia and industry. Component tasks are the collection of epidemiologists' use case problems, multidisciplinary consultancies to refine them, and dissemination of problem requirements and shareable datasets. We describe an initial use case and consultancy as a concrete example and challenge to developers. Supported by the Defense Threat Reduction Agency Biosurveillance Ecosystem project, the International Society for Disease Surveillance formed an advisory group to select tractable use case problems and convene inter-disciplinary consultancies to translate analytic needs into well-defined problems and to promote development of applicable solution methods. The initial consultancy's focus was a problem originated by the North Carolina Department of Health and its NC DETECT surveillance system: Derive a method for detection of patient record clusters worthy of follow-up based on free-text chief complaints and without syndromic classification. Direct communication between public health problem owners and analytic developers was informative to both groups and constructive for the solution development process. The consultancy achieved refinement of the asyndromic detection challenge and of solution requirements. Participants summarized and evaluated solution approaches and discussed dissemination and collaboration strategies. A solution meeting the specification of the use case described above could improve human monitoring efficiency with expedited warning of events requiring follow-up, including otherwise overlooked events with no syndromic indicators. This approach can remove obstacles to collaboration with efficient, minimal data-sharing and without costly overhead.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 8 (BARTTH00020008) on Town Highway 2, crossing Roaring Brook, Barton, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boehmler, Erick M.; Ivanoff, Michael A.

1996-01-01

Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term aggradation or degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to reduction in flow area caused by a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute scour depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 1.4 to 2.8 feet and the worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 8.5 to 16.5 feet and the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 4 (CRAFTH00040004) on Town Highway 4, crossing Whitney Brook, Craftsbury, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boehmler, Erick M.; Hammond, Robert E.

1996-01-01

Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the computed scour results follow. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.7 to 1.7 feet. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 10.7 to 15.3 feet. The worst-case abutment scour also occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 120 (LEICUS00070120) on U.S. Route 7, crossing the Leicester River, Leicester, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boehmler, Erick M.; Severance, Timothy

1997-01-01

Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 3.8 to 6.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 4.0 to 6.7 ft. The worst-case abutment scour also occurred at the 500-year discharge. Pier scour ranged from 9.1 to 10.2. The worst-case pier scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 49 (WODSTH00990049) on Town Highway 99, crossing Gulf Brook, Woodstock, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.; Hammond, Robert E.

1996-01-01

Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 0.9 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour at the left abutment ranged from 3.1 to 10.3 ft. with the worst-case occurring at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour at the right abutment ranged from 6.4 to 10.4 ft. with the worst-case occurring at the 100-year discharge.Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 26 (JAMATH00010026) on Town Highway 1, crossing Ball Mountain Brook, Jamaica, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Medalie, Laura

1997-01-01

Contraction scour for the modelled flows ranged from 1.0 to 2.7 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient-overtopping discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 8.4 to 17.6 ft. The worst-case abutment scour for the right abutment occurred at the incipient-overtopping discharge. For the left abutment, the worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 37 (TOWNTH00290037) on Town Highway 29, crossing Mill Brook, Townshend, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, R.L.; Medalie, Laura

1998-01-01

Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 2.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 6.7 to 8.7 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 7.8 to 9.5 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A crosssection of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

TandemHeart as a Bridge to Recovery in Legionella Myocarditis.

PubMed

Briceño, David F; Fernando, Rajeev R; Nathan, Sriram; Loyalka, Pranav; Kar, Biswajit; Gregoric, Igor D

2015-08-01

Legionnaires' disease is the designation for pneumonia caused by the Legionella species. Among the rare extrapulmonary manifestations, cardiac involvement is most prevalent, in the forms of myocarditis, pericarditis, postcardiotomy syndrome, and prosthetic valve endocarditis. Mechanical circulatory support has proved to be a safe and effective bridge to myocardial recovery in patients with acute fulminant myocarditis; however, to our knowledge, this support has not been used in infectious myocarditis specifically related to Legionellosis. We describe a case of Legionella myocarditis associated with acute left ventricular dysfunction and repolarization abnormalities in a 48-year-old man. The patient fully recovered after left ventricular unloading with use of a TandemHeart percutaneous ventricular assist device. In addition, we review the English-language medical literature on Legionella myocarditis and focus on cardiac outcomes.

Service Learning: High School Social Studies Students "Building Bridges" to the Community

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cranford, Sara L.

2011-01-01

This case study examined the relationships between the programmatic features of service learning and student willingness to participate in and development during a service learning opportunity in the secondary, Social Studies classroom. The sample included two sections of Advanced Placement Psychology which consisted of 58 junior and senior…

Bridging the Gap between Academic and Industrial/Commercial Intelligence. The Case of Denmark: A Personal View.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Poulsen, Sten C.

1989-01-01

The author provides historical background for important Danish educational research, heavily influenced by Marxist thought, from 1968 through 1982. The breakdown of the research activity is explained. The author concludes by arguing that Denmark needs adult development and education centers to continue the research activity. (CH)

Bridging the Gap: An Alternative Tool for Course Evaluation. Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tricker, Tony; Rangecroft, Margaret; Long, Peter

2005-01-01

The increasing perception of students as customers of services puts a stronger focus on improving the quality of the student experience. Satisfaction with aspects of service, such as access, flexibility and fitness for purpose can be assessed through student feedback questionnaires. The results of these surveys may not immediately suggest…

The Live Teaching Case: A New IS Method and Its Application

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cameron, Ann-Frances; Trudel, Marie-Claude; Titah, Ryad; Leger, Pierre-Majorique

2012-01-01

When teaching Information Systems (IS), one of the crucial objectives is to make students understand the practical aspects of the integration of IS in organizations. Over the last decades, several pedagogical approaches were introduced to more tightly bridge theory and practice, e.g., hands on exercises, simulations, real world projects, guest…

Bridging the Supplemental Instruction Leader Experience and Post-Graduation Life

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lozada, Neva; Turner Johnson, Ane

2018-01-01

This qualitative case study explores the experiences of former [Supplemental Instruction] SI leaders who worked at a four-year, private university in the Mid-Atlantic while completing their undergraduate degrees. The insights offered by participants through interviews and graphic elicitation reveal the ways in which serving as an SI leader…

Bridging meta-analysis and the comparative method: a test of seed size effect on germination after frugivores' gut passage.

PubMed

Verdú, Miguel; Traveset, Anna

2004-02-01

Most studies using meta-analysis try to establish relationships between traits across taxa from interspecific databases and, thus, the phylogenetic relatedness among these taxa should be taken into account to avoid pseudoreplication derived from common ancestry. This paper illustrates, with a representative example of the relationship between seed size and the effect of frugivore's gut on seed germination, that meta-analytic procedures can also be phylogenetically corrected by means of the comparative method. The conclusions obtained in the meta-analytical and phylogenetical approaches are very different. The meta-analysis revealed that the positive effects that gut passage had on seed germination increased with seed size in the case of gut passage through birds whereas decreased in the case of gut passage through non-flying mammals. However, once the phylogenetic relatedness among plant species was taken into account, the effects of gut passage on seed germination did not depend on seed size and were similar between birds and non-flying mammals. Some methodological considerations are given to improve the bridge between the meta-analysis and the comparative method.

Bridging Worlds: Measuring Learners' Discursive Practice in a Partsim Supported Biology Lesson

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fies, Carmen; Langman, Juliet

2011-01-01

We report on a case study that took place in a southwestern culturally and linguistically diverse urban high school science classroom during a grade recovery summer session. The introduction of a technology-infused unit on epidemiology engaged students in a multi-contextual exploration of the spread of diseases. The analysis of the resultant…

Dissipative exciton transfer in donor-bridge-acceptor systems: numerical renormalization group calculation of equilibrium properties.

PubMed

Tornow, Sabine; Tong, Ning-Hua; Bulla, Ralf

2006-07-05

We present a detailed model study of exciton transfer processes in donor-bridge-acceptor (DBA) systems. Using a model which includes the intermolecular Coulomb interaction and the coupling to a dissipative environment we calculate the phase diagram, the absorption spectrum as well as dynamic equilibrium properties with the numerical renormalization group. This method is non-perturbative and therefore allows one to cover the full parameter space, especially the case when the intermolecular Coulomb interaction is of the same order as the coupling to the environment and perturbation theory cannot be applied. For DBA systems with up to six sites we found a transition to the localized phase (self-trapping) depending on the coupling to the dissipative environment. We discuss various criteria which favour delocalized exciton transfer.

Psychoanalytic principles as a heuristic framework to bridge the gap between psychology and the law in SVP evaluations: Assessing emotional and volitional impairment.

PubMed

Simon, Eric P

2015-01-01

The legal concepts of emotional and volitional impairment in SVP evaluations are vague and ill-defined. This article reviews the legal terms of emotional and volitional impairment as they have been contemplated in extant SVP statutes, SVP case law, logical constructions, and limited empirical studies. To bridge the gap between psychiatry and the law, a broad, theory-based heuristic framework is furnished for understanding emotional and volitional impairment at a deep psychological (and intra-psychic) level. Specifically discussed are the concepts of transference, repetition compulsion, fixation, cathexis, regression, identification with the aggressor, and the object-relations and self-psychology concepts related to a loss of possession of the self. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Remote monitoring as a tool in condition assessment of a highway bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tantele, Elia A.; Votsis, Renos A.; Onoufriou, Toula; Milis, Marios; Kareklas, George

2016-08-01

The deterioration of civil infrastructure and their subsequent maintenance is a significant problem for the responsible managing authorities. The ideal scenario is to detect deterioration and/or structural problems at early stages so that the maintenance cost is kept low and the safety of the infrastructure remains undisputed. The current inspection regimes implemented mostly via visual inspection are planned at specific intervals but are not always executed on time due to shortcomings in expert personnel and finance. However the introduction of technological advances in the assessment of infrastructures provides the tools to alleviate this problem. This study describes the assessment of a highway RC bridge's structural condition using remote structural health monitoring. A monitoring plan is implemented focusing on strain measurements; as strain is a parameter influenced by the environmental conditions supplementary data are provided from temperature and wind sensors. The data are acquired using wired sensors (deployed at specific locations) which are connected to a wireless sensor unit installed at the bridge. This WSN application enables the transmission of the raw data from the field to the office for processing and evaluation. The processed data are then used to assess the condition of the bridge. This case study, which is part of an undergoing RPF research project, illustrates that remote monitoring can alleviate the problem of missing structural inspections. Additionally, shows its potential to be the main part of a fully automated smart procedure of obtaining structural data, processed them and trigger an alarm when certain undesirable conditions are met.

Disruption of Alluvial Fan Processes in a Cascade Range Stream, and Attempts to Address the Resulting Problems...

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

DeVries, P.

2016-12-01

Alluvial fan processes have been altered in two ways on Mouse Creek, tributary of the Sauk River, WA. A county road and low profile bridge were built in the vicinity of a large scale break in slope, and a berm was built upstream along one bank to confine flows. The system has a high sediment load from episodic mass wasting upstream. Over 10 years of survey data and analyses provide a case study of aggradation, flooding, and avulsion processes above the road crossing, and of efforts to address the resulting problems. The berm precluded fan deposition upstream, and appears to have shifted the deposition zone downstream closer to the bridge, leading to an avulsion and impacting upstream migration of salmon to spawning habitat. In addition, the bed elevation of the channel is now higher than the historic fan surface on the other side of the berm. The bridge was raised to reduce the road crossing influence on sediment transport and deposition, which worked for a while locally until the avulsion developed, which accelerated aggradation in the former main channel above the bridge. Plans have been developed for removing the berm and allowing the stream to re-engage its fan. The key design question presently is: should the berm be excavated to its toe on the channel side to accelerate restoration of depositional processes, or should a semblance of bankfull morphology be retained?

47 CFR 80.331 - Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...

47 CFR 80.331 - Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. 80..., Alarm, Urgency and Safety Procedures § 80.331 Bridge-to-bridge communication procedure. (a) Vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act transmitting on the designated navigational frequency must conduct...

Influence of ligand-bridged substitution on the exchange coupling constant of chromium-wheels host complexes: a density functional theory study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sadeghi Googheri, Motahare; Abolhassani, Mohammad Reza; Mirzaei, Mahmoud

2018-05-01

Designing and introducing novel wheel-shaped supramolecular as host complexes with new magnetic properties is the theme of the day. So in this study, new eight binuclear chromium (III) complexes, as models of real chromium-wheel host complexes, were designed based on changing of bridged-ligands and exchange coupling constants (J) of them were calculated using the broken symmetry density functional theory approach. Substitution of fluorine ligand in fluoro-bridged model [Cr2F(tBuCO2)2(H2O)2(OH)4]-1 by halogen anions (Cl-, Br- and I- ) decreased the antiferromagnetic exchange coupling between Cr(III) centres such that by going from F- to I- the J values became more positive. In the case of hydroxo-bridged model [Cr2OH(tBuCO2)2(H2O)2(OH)4]-1, replacement of hydroxyl by methoxy anion (OMe-) strengthened the antiferromagnetic property of the complex but substitution by sulfanide (SH-) and amide (NH2-) anions weakened it and changed the nature of complexes to ferromagnetic. Because of their different magnetic properties, these new investigated complexes can be suggested as interesting synthetic targets. Also, the J value changes due to ligand substitution were evaluated and it was found that the Cr-X bond strength and partial charges of involved atoms were the most effective factors on it.

47 CFR 80.163 - Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge... Requirements § 80.163 Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. Each ship subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must have on board a radio operator who holds a restricted radiotelephone operator permit or...

47 CFR 80.163 - Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge... Requirements § 80.163 Operator requirements of the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. Each ship subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must have on board a radio operator who holds a restricted radiotelephone operator permit or...

From Deficits to Development: A Case Study of the Journey of Friday Night Live

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Libby, Margaret; Sedonaen, Maureen; Kooler, Jim

2004-01-01

In 1996, the Youth Leadership Institute (a youth development institute) and California Friday Night Live Partnership (a statewide prevention program serving over 800,000 young people) undertook a major challenge: to come together as partners in an effort to bridge youth development research and practice. With guidance and strategic support from…

Fostering Interdisciplinary Thinking through an International Development Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ellett, Rachel L.; Esperanza, Jennifer; Phan, Diep

2016-01-01

Despite widespread acknowledgment of the importance of interdisciplinary pedagogy, disciplinary teaching remains the norm on most campuses, primarily due to cost and institutional constraints. Bridging the gap between literature on interdisciplinary teaching and active-learning techniques, this article describes an innovative and less costly…

Understanding the relationships between household decisions and infrastructure investment in disaster recovery : cases from Superstorm Sandy : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-12-01

Hurricanes, storms and floods damage roads, bridges, transit lines and other elements of our : transportation infrastructure. Restoring the transportation infrastructure is widely recognized as an : important element of short-term recovery as the rec...

Risk analysis of emergent water pollution accidents based on a Bayesian Network.

PubMed

Tang, Caihong; Yi, Yujun; Yang, Zhifeng; Sun, Jie

2016-01-01

To guarantee the security of water quality in water transfer channels, especially in open channels, analysis of potential emergent pollution sources in the water transfer process is critical. It is also indispensable for forewarnings and protection from emergent pollution accidents. Bridges above open channels with large amounts of truck traffic are the main locations where emergent accidents could occur. A Bayesian Network model, which consists of six root nodes and three middle layer nodes, was developed in this paper, and was employed to identify the possibility of potential pollution risk. Dianbei Bridge is reviewed as a typical bridge on an open channel of the Middle Route of the South to North Water Transfer Project where emergent traffic accidents could occur. Risk of water pollutions caused by leakage of pollutants into water is focused in this study. The risk for potential traffic accidents at the Dianbei Bridge implies a risk for water pollution in the canal. Based on survey data, statistical analysis, and domain specialist knowledge, a Bayesian Network model was established. The human factor of emergent accidents has been considered in this model. Additionally, this model has been employed to describe the probability of accidents and the risk level. The sensitive reasons for pollution accidents have been deduced. The case has also been simulated that sensitive factors are in a state of most likely to lead to accidents. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

[An Analysis of Placement of a Self-Expanding Metallic Stent as Bridge to Surgery for Surgical Resection of StageⅣ Obstructive Colorectal Cancers].

PubMed

Kawahara, Yohei; Terada, Itsuro; Terai, Shiro; Watanabe, Toshifumi; Amaya, Koji; Yamamoto, Seiichi; Kaji, Masahide; Maeda, Kiichi; Shimizu, Koichi

2015-11-01

In our institution, placement of a self-expanding metallic stent (SEMS) for obstructive colorectal cancer to avoid emergency operations, namely as a bridge to surgery (BTS), was introduced in April 2012. Here, we assess the efficacy and safety of pre-operative SEMS placement for treatment of Stage Ⅳ obstructive colorectal cancer. We analyzed a total of 44 cases of Stage Ⅳ colorectal cancer, which consisted of 13 obstructive cases that were surgically resected following SEMS placement as BTS (BTS group), and 31 cases that were resected in elective operations without pre-operative SEMS placement (Ope group), from April 2012 to August 2014. None of the patients had any adverse events during the SEMS procedure or after SEMS placement, and all patients of BTS group could undergo the planned operations after sufficient decompression. In the postoperative period, 1 patient of BTS group (7.7%) had anastomosis bleeding, but no other complications, including anastomosis leakage, were observed in BTS group. However more progressive primary tumors were resected in BTS group (p=0.0115), there were no significant differences for post-operative course between the 2 groups; this indicated avoiding high-risk emergency operations contributed to adequate short-term outcomes in BTS group comparable to those in Ope group. SEMS placement as BTS could be performed safely for Stage Ⅳ obstructive colorectal cancer cases, and was 1 of the effective strategies for local treatment.

Progressive Education and the Case of a Bilingual Palestinian-Arab and Jewish Co-Existence School in Israel

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arar, Khalid; Massry-Herzalah, Asmahan

2017-01-01

The purpose of this paper is to exemplify a "grass-roots" change based on Dewey's experimental progressive education model employed in the "Bridge over the Valley" bilingual school, a Palestinian-Arab and Jewish school in Israel. In order to identify the progressive "approach" underlying this change, the…

Bridging Marketing Theory and Practice for Consumer Behaviour Master's Students: A Case Study from Sweden

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sundstrom, Malin; Hagberg, Johan

2010-01-01

This paper describes the planning, implementation and outcome of a graduate-level consumer behaviour course taught in autumn 2008 at the University of Boras in Sweden. The course was jointly developed by marketing academics and business representatives in order to combine research-oriented studies with practical experience in a retail context. The…

Jumping from the Highest Graded Readers to Ungraded Novels: Four Case Studies

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Uden, Jez; Schmitt, Diane; Schmitt, Norbert

2014-01-01

This study follows a small group of learners in the UK to the end of a graded reading program using the Cambridge Readers and investigates whether this particular graded reading series provides a bridge to reading unsimplified novels for pleasure. The participants' reading comprehension, reading rates, vocabulary text coverage, and overall affect…

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 33 (HUNTTH00220033) on Town Highway 22, crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Degnan, James R.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure HUNTTH00220033 on Town Highway 22 crossing Brush Brook, Huntington, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in central Vermont. The 8.65-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is forest except on the downstream right overbank which is pasture. In the study area, Brush Brook has an incised, straight channel with a slope of approximately 0.04 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 42 ft and an average bank height of 3 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 76.7 mm (0.252 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on June 26, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 22 crossing of Brush Brook is a 40-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 23.5-foot concrete slab span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, November 30, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 36.9 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 35 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 30 degrees. The scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the left and right banks upstream that extended through the bridge and along the downstream banks. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge is analyzed since it has the potential of being the worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 1.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 6.5 to 14.9 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 22 (JAY-TH00400022) on Town Highway 40, crossing Jay Branch, Jay, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ivanoff, Michael A.; Song, Donald L.

1997-01-01

8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in northern Vermont. The 2.15-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is primarily pasture on the upstream and downstream left overbank while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. The downstream right overbank of the bridge is forested. In the study area, Jay Branch Tributary has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.02 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 26 ft and an average bank height of 3 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to cobble with a median grain size (D50) of 40.5 mm (0.133 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on June 7, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 40 crossing of Jay Branch Tributary is a 27-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 25-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 6, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 23.5 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel skew and the opening-skew-to-roadway are zero degrees. The scour counter-measures at the site included type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) at the upstream end of the left and right abutments, at the upstream right wingwall, and at the downstream left wingwall. There was also type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) at the upstream left and downstream right wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.7 to 1.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 4.6 to 4.9 ft. The worst-case left abutment scour occurred at the 100-year discharge. Right abutment scour ranged from 4.0 to 5.0 ft. The worst-case right abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Guardrails for use on historic bridges: volume 2--bridge deck overhang design.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Bridges that are designated historic present a special challenge to bridge engineers whenever rehabilitation work or improvements are : made to the bridges. Federal and state laws protect historically significant bridges, and railings on these bridge...

First pediatric transatlantic air ambulance transportation on a Berlin Heart EXCOR left ventricular assist device as a bridge to transplantation.

PubMed

Tissot, Cecile; Buchholz, Holger; Mitchell, Max B; da Cruz, Eduardo; Miyamoto, Shelley D; Pietra, Bill A; Charpentier, Arnaud; Ghez, Olivier

2010-03-01

Mechanical circulatory devices are indicated in patients with refractory cardiac failure as a bridge to recovery or to transplantation. Whenever required, transportation while on mechanical support is a challenge and still limited by technical restrictions or distance. We report the first pediatric case of transatlantic air transportation on a Berlin Heart EXCOR ventricular assist device (Berlin Heart, Berlin, Germany) of a 13-yr-old American female who presented in cardiogenic shock with severe systolic dysfunction while vacationing in France. Rapid hemodynamic deterioration occurred despite maximal medical treatment, and she was supported initially with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation converted to a Berlin Heart EXCOR left ventricular assist device. Long-distance air transportation of the patient was accomplished 3 wks after implantation from Marseille, France, to Denver, Colorado. No adverse hemodynamic effects were encountered during the 13.5-hr flight (8770 km). The patient did not recover sufficient cardiac function and underwent successful orthotopic heart transplantation 3 months after the initial event. Our experience suggests that long-distance air transportation of pediatric patients using the Berlin Heart EXCOR mobile unit as a bridge to recovery or transplantation is feasible and appears safe.

Vibration analysis of the Second Saikai Bridge—a concrete filled tubular (CFT) arch bridge

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yoshimura, Mistuhiro; Wu, Qingxiong; Takahashi, Kazuo; Nakamura, Shozo; Furukawa, Kazuyoshi

2006-02-01

Concrete-filled steel tubular (CFT) arch bridges have been rapidly developing in China since 1990. Research has focused on the static behavior, thermal stress and erection technique, however, and there has been very little research of natural vibrations and dynamic responses of these bridges. Japan's first CFT arch bridge in highway bridges, the Second Saikai Bridge, is now under construction in Nagasaki Prefecture. Furthermore, this bridge has a pedestrian bridge that is suspended under the girder, which is rare. Therefore, the natural vibration properties are examined, and the influence of pedestrian bridge structure on the natural vibration of main bridge is discussed first. Response analysis under a moving vehicle and pedestrian is carried out, and the response characteristics and response level are clarified. The natural vibrations and responses are compared to those of CFT arch bridges that have been constructed in China. Results show the fine performance of both main bridge and pedestrian bridge of the Second Saikai Bridge.

Simple model of cable-stayed bridge deck subjected to static wind loading

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kang, Yi-Lung; Wang, Yang Cheng

1997-05-01

Cable-stayed bridges have been known since 18th century with aesthetics design. The structural system and the structural behavior are significantly different from those of continuous bridges. Compared to continuous bridge, cable- stayed bridges have more flexure bridge deck than those of continuous bridges.On the other hand, cable-stayed bridges have less stiffness to resist wind loading especially for lateral loads. The first considering of bridge engineering is safety. In 1940's, Tacoma Narrows Suspension Bridge destroyed by wind loading is a good example even though it is not a cable-stayed bridge. After the bridge was destroyed, a lot of research articles have been published regarding cable supported bridge subjected to wind loading. In recent days, high strength materials have been served. The bridge engineers use the advantages to expand the span length of cable-stayed bridges. Due to the span length increased and the use of high strength materials, cable- stayed bridges have more significant nonlinear behavior subjected to wind loading. In this paper, a slice bridge deck of cable-stayed bridge connected to internal support cables is considered. The deck has been considered to be subjected to lateral static wind loading. Since cables can not take compressive force, the deck has strongly nonlinear behavior even though the materials are linear elastic. Several primary load combinations have ben considered in this paper such as the bridge deck supposed to be moved horizontally without rotation or the bridge deck supposed to be moved horizontally with rotational deformation. The mathematical formulas and the numerical solutions are found and represented in graphical forms. The results can be provided to bridge designers and researchers for further study of this type of structure subjected to wind loading.

Trilingual Education in China: Perspectives from a University Programme for Minority Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Liu, Jie; Edwards, Viv

2017-01-01

Attention to trilingual education programmes in China has tended to focus on basic education; there had been little attention to date on the higher education sector. This paper will attempt to bridge this gap by exploring a Yi-English-Chinese trilingual education programme through case studies of three Yi students, using the "River of…

Good Pharma? How Business Communication Research Can Help Bridge the Gap between Students and Practitioners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bruyer, Tom; Jacobs, Geert; Vandendaele, Astrid

2016-01-01

This article presents a case-based exploration of the complex interactions between learning, research, and practice in the field of business and professional communication. It focuses on a student research project in the area of corporate social responsibility in the biopharmaceutical industry. Adopting an autoethnographic approach, we aim to…

Students of Different Minds: Bridging the Gaps of International Students Studying in the US

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lin, Miranda

2012-01-01

International students have constituted a growing population in American higher education in the past few decades. This study presented a case study of six international students' academic, cultural and social experiences during their stay in the US. Data obtained through interviews and the results of content analysis indicate that international…

Language Policy and Literacy Practices in the Family: The Case of Ethiopian Parental Narrative Input

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stavans, Anat

2012-01-01

The present study analyses the Family Language Policy (FLP) in regards language literacy development of children in Ethiopian immigrant families. Bridging the gap between linguistic literacy at home and at school hinders a smooth societal integration and a normative literacy development. This study describes the home literacy patterns shaped by…

Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) as a Bridge between Engineering Education Research and Mathematics Education Research

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hamilton, Eric; Lesh, Richard; Lester, Frank; Brilleslyper, Michael

2008-01-01

This article introduces Model-Eliciting Activities (MEAs) as a form of case study team problem-solving. MEA design focuses on eliciting from students conceptual models that they iteratively revise in problem-solving. Though developed by mathematics education researchers to study the evolution of mathematical problem-solving expertise in middle…

Digital Participation, Agency, and Choice: An African American Youth's Digital Storytelling about Minecraft

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lewis Ellison, Tisha

2017-01-01

This case study examines one African American adolescent male's digital choices and experiences during the creation of a digital story about Minecraft. This study introduces digital participatory choice cultures as a framework to consider how he might recognize and use existing meaning-making and composition strategies to bridge what young people…

Building Bridges of Understanding through Continuing Education and Professional Development of Arabs and Israelis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noyek, Arnold M.; Skinner, Harvey; Davis, Dave; Clark, Ian; Sriharan, Abi; Chalin, Catherine G.

2005-01-01

In this article, we present an educational approach uniquely linked to humanitarian and peace-building goals in conflicted regions of the world. We examine the Canada International Scientific Exchange Program and its lead program, the Middle East Association for Managing Hearing Loss, as a case study. Under a Canadian umbrella, continuing medical…

More than an Ally: A Successful White Teacher Who Builds Solidarity with His African American Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boucher, Michael Lee, Jr.

2016-01-01

This qualitative case study provides a counternarrative to the literature of White teachers who are unsuccessful in bridging the achievement gap and disrupts the assumed meaning of solidarity between successful White teachers and their African American students. As part of successful classroom practice, this teacher interrogated his own whiteness…

The Promise of Community-Based Participatory Research for Health Equity: A Conceptual Model for Bridging Evidence With Policy

PubMed Central

Cacari-Stone, Lisa; Garcia, Analilia P.; Minkler, Meredith

2014-01-01

Insufficient attention has been paid to how research can be leveraged to promote health policy or how locality-based research strategies, in particular community-based participatory research (CBPR), influences health policy to eliminate racial and ethnic health inequities. To address this gap, we highlighted the efforts of 2 CBPR partnerships in California to explore how these initiatives made substantial contributions to policymaking for health equity. We presented a new conceptual model and 2 case studies to illustrate the connections among CBPR contexts and processes, policymaking processes and strategies, and outcomes. We extended the critical role of civic engagement by those communities that were most burdened by health inequities by focusing on their political participation as research brokers in bridging evidence and policymaking. PMID:25033119

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 28 (STRATH00020028) on Town Highway 2, crossing the West Branch Ompompanoosuc River, Strafford, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wild, Emily C.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure STRATH00020028 on Town Highway 2 crossing the West Branch Ompompanoosuc River, Strafford, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (FHWA, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gathered from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in central Vermont. The 25.4-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream and downstream of the bridge. In the study area, the West Branch Ompompanoosuc River has a sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.002 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 34 ft and an average bank height of 6 ft. The channel bed material ranges from silt and clay to cobbles with a median grain size (D50) of 20.4 mm (0.0669 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on July 24, 1996, indicated that the reach was laterally unstable, because of moderate fluvial erosion. The Town Highway 2 crossing of the West Branch Ompompanoosuc River is a 31-ft-long, twolane bridge consisting of a 26-foot concrete tee-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, October 23, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 24.6 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 45 degrees to the opening while the computed opening-skew-toroadway is 5 degrees. A scour hole 3.2 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed under the bridge along the right side of the channel during the Level I assessment. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the upstream right bank, the upstream right wingwall, the right abutment and the downstream right wingwall. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 3.2 to 4.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Left abutment scour ranged from 4.4 to 7.5 ft. Right abutment scour ranged from 7.2 to 10.1 ft.The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Use and selection of bridges as day roosts by Rafinesque's Big Eared Bats.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bennett, Frances, M.; Loeb, Susan, C.; Bunch, Mary, S.

ABSTRACT.—Rafinesque’s big-eared bats (Corynorhinus rafinesquii) use bridges as day roosts in parts of their range, but information on bridge use across their range is lacking. From May to Aug. 2002 we surveyed 1129 bridges (12.5%) within all 46 counties of South Carolina to determine use and selection of bridges as day roosts by big-eared bats and to document their distribution across the state. During summer 2003, we visited 235 bridges in previously occupied areas of the state to evaluate short-term fidelity to bridge roosts. We found colonies and solitary big-eared bats beneath 38 bridges in 2002 and 54 bridges inmore » 2003. Construction type and size of bridges strongly influenced use in both years; bats selected large, concrete girder bridges and avoided flat-bottomed slab bridges. The majority of occupied bridges (94.7%) were in the Upper and Lower Coastal Plains, but a few bridges (5.3%) were located in the Piedmont. Rafinesque’s big-eared bats were absent beneath bridges in the Blue Ridge Mountains. We established new records of occurrence for 10 counties. In the Coastal Plains, big-eared bats exhibited a high degree of short-term fidelity to roosts in highway bridges. For bridges that were occupied at least once, mean frequency of use was 65.9%. Probability of finding bats under a bridge ranged from 0.46 to 0.73 depending on whether the bridge was occupied in the previous year. Thus, bridges should be inspected three to five times in a given year to determine whether they are being used. Regional bridge roost surveys may be a good method for determining the distribution of C. rafinesquii, particularly in the Coastal Plains, and protection of suitable bridges may be a viable conservation strategy where natural roost sites are limited.« less

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 6 (MORRTH00030006) on Town Highway 3, crossing Ryder Brook, Morristown, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Boehmler, Erick M.; Hammond, Robert E.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure MORRTH00030006 on Town Highway 3 crossing Ryder Brook, Morristown, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the Green Mountain section of the New England physiographic province in north-central Vermont. The 19.1-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover also is forested. In the study area, Ryder Brook has a straight channel with an average channel top width of 450 ft and an average bank height of 7 ft. The predominant channel bed material is silt and clay with a median grain size (D50) of 0.0719 mm (0.000236 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on July 18, 1996, indicated that the reach was aggraded, but the channel through the bridge was scoured. The Town Highway 3 crossing of Ryder Brook is a 72-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 70-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, January 31, 1996). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with spill-through embankments and wingwalls. The channel is not skewed to the opening and the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. Channel scour under the bridge was evident at this site during the Level I assessment. The depth of the channel increases from 3 feet at the upstream bridge face to 10 feet at the downstream bridge face. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) on the spill-through embankments of each abutment, the upstream road embankments and the downstream left road embankment. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 20.4 to 25.8 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 8.3 to 10.5 ft. The worst-case abutment scour also occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Field performance of timber bridges. 7, Connell Lake stress-laminated deck bridge

Treesearch

L. E. Hislop; M. A. Ritter

The Connell Lake bridge was constructed in early 1991 on the Tongass National Forest, Alaska, as a demonstration bridge under the Timber Bridge Initiative. The bridge is a stress-laminated deck structure with an approximate 36-ft length and 18-ft width and is the first known stress-laminated timber bridge constructed in Alaska. Performance of the bridge was monitored...

Pacemaker or defibrillator surgery without interruption of anticoagulation.

PubMed

Birnie, David H; Healey, Jeff S; Wells, George A; Verma, Atul; Tang, Anthony S; Krahn, Andrew D; Simpson, Christopher S; Ayala-Paredes, Felix; Coutu, Benoit; Leiria, Tiago L L; Essebag, Vidal

2013-05-30

Many patients requiring pacemaker or implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) surgery are taking warfarin. For patients at high risk for thromboembolic events, guidelines recommend bridging therapy with heparin; however, case series suggest that it may be safe to perform surgery without interrupting warfarin treatment. There have been few results from clinical trials to support the safety and efficacy of this approach. We randomly assigned patients with an annual risk of thromboembolic events of 5% or more to continued warfarin treatment or to bridging therapy with heparin. The primary outcome was clinically significant device-pocket hematoma, which was defined as device-pocket hematoma that necessitated prolonged hospitalization, interruption of anticoagulation therapy, or further surgery (e.g., hematoma evacuation). The data and safety monitoring board recommended termination of the trial after the second prespecified interim analysis. Clinically significant device-pocket hematoma occurred in 12 of 343 patients (3.5%) in the continued-warfarin group, as compared with 54 of 338 (16.0%) in the heparin-bridging group (relative risk, 0.19; 95% confidence interval, 0.10 to 0.36; P<0.001). Major surgical and thromboembolic complications were rare and did not differ significantly between the study groups. They included one episode of cardiac tamponade and one myocardial infarction in the heparin-bridging group and one stroke and one transient ischemic attack in the continued-warfarin group. As compared with bridging therapy with heparin, a strategy of continued warfarin treatment at the time of pacemaker or ICD surgery markedly reduced the incidence of clinically significant device-pocket hematoma. (Funded by the Canadian Institutes of Health Research and the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care of Ontario; BRUISE CONTROL ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00800137.).

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 33 (CONCTH00580033) on Town Highway 58, crossing Miles Stream, Concord, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.

1997-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure CONCTH00580033 on Town Highway 58 crossing Miles Stream, Concord, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (U.S. Department of Transportation, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in Appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in Appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in northeastern Vermont. The 17.9-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture upstream of the bridge while the immediate banks have dense woody vegetation. Downstream of the bridge, the right bank is forested and the left bank has shrubs and brush. In the study area, Miles Stream has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.01 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 91 ft and an average bank height of 7 ft. The channel bed material ranges from gravel to boulder with a median grain size (D50) of 61.6 mm (0.188 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on August 15, 1995, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 58 crossing of Miles Stream is a 44-ft-long, two-lane bridge consisting of one 39-foot steel-beam span (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, March 24, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 37.4 ft. The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with stone fill in front creating spillthrough embankments. The channel is skewed approximately 20 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. The only scour countermeasure at the site was type-3 stone fill (less than 48 inches diameter) along the left and right banks upstream, in front of the abutments forming spill through embankments, and extending along the banks downstream. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge is determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.0 to 1.8 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 4.0 to 9.7 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge for the right abutment and at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge for the left abutment. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Single-Event Effect Performance of a Conductive-Bridge Memory EEPROM

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Chen, Dakai; Wilcox, Edward; Berg, Melanie; Kim, Hak; Phan, Anthony; Figueiredo, Marco; Seidleck, Christina; LaBel, Kenneth

2015-01-01

We investigated the heavy ion single-event effect (SEE) susceptibility of the industry’s first stand-alone memory based on conductive-bridge memory (CBRAM) technology. The device is available as an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM). We found that single-event functional interrupt (SEFI) is the dominant SEE type for each operational mode (standby, dynamic read, and dynamic write/read). SEFIs occurred even while the device is statically biased in standby mode. Worst case SEFIs resulted in errors that filled the entire memory space. Power cycle did not always clear the errors. Thus the corrupted cells had to be reprogrammed in some cases. The device is also vulnerable to bit upsets during dynamic write/read tests, although the frequency of the upsets are relatively low. The linear energy transfer threshold for cell upset is between 10 and 20 megaelectron volts per square centimeter per milligram, with an upper limit cross section of 1.6 times 10(sup -11) square centimeters per bit (95 percent confidence level) at 10 megaelectronvolts per square centimeter per milligram. In standby mode, the CBRAM array appears invulnerable to bit upsets.

A rare case of monosomy 18p: translocation between chromosomes 18 and 21.

PubMed

Tos, T; Karaman, A; Aycan, Z; Tükün, A

2011-01-01

A rare case of monosomy 18p with molecular cytogenetic characterization of 18;21 whole arm translocation is presented. An 8-year-old gril with mental deficiency and growth deficiency was the child of a 45-year-old healthy mother and 50-year-old nonconsanguineous father with unremarkable prenatal history. She had a round face, flat nasal bridge, micrognathia and hypotonia. Cytogenetic studies revealed de novo 45,XX,del(18)t(18;21) karyotype, which was confirmed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH).

Case based reasoning in criminal intelligence using forensic case data.

PubMed

Ribaux, O; Margot, P

2003-01-01

A model that is based on the knowledge of experienced investigators in the analysis of serial crime is suggested to bridge a gap between technology and methodology. Its purpose is to provide a solid methodology for the analysis of serial crimes that supports decision making in the deployment of resources, either by guiding proactive policing operations or helping the investigative process. Formalisation has helped to derive a computerised system that efficiently supports the reasoning processes in the analysis of serial crime. This novel approach fully integrates forensic science data.

Comprehensive evaluation of fracture critical bridges.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2014-02-01

Two-girder steel bridges are classified as fracture critical bridges based on the definition given in the AASHTO LRFD Bridge Design Specifications. In a fracture critical bridge a failure of a tension member leads to collapse of the bridge. However, ...

78 FR 37785 - Foreign-Trade Zone (FTZ) 196-Fort Worth, Texas; Notification of Proposed Production Activity...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-24

... carrying cases, wrist straps, screws, power supplies, nickel/ cadmium batteries, lithium/ion batteries, other batteries, antenna assemblies, audio flex assemblies, bridge flex assemblies, interplex assembly... components and materials sourced from abroad include: labels, battery adhesives, decals, Kevlar protective...

All-Atom Molecular-Level Computational Analyses of Polyurea/Fused-Silica Interfacial Decohesion Caused by Impinging Tensile Stress-Waves

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-01-01

glass, the polyhedron -center atoms are all silicon and each silicon atom is surrounded by four oxygen atoms (while each oxygen atom is connected to...of non-bridging (connected to only a single network forming cation) oxygen atoms per network polyhedron and takes on a zero value in the case of...network polyhedron and takes on a value of 4.0 in the case of fused silica. In addition to the three parameters mentioned above, the “seemingly

Colovaginoplasty in a Case of Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome

PubMed Central

Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar; Jam, Mazher Rafee; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Mirza, Bilal

2014-01-01

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by various abnormalities of paramesonephric duct structures; vaginal aplasia being the commonest anomaly in the spectrum. We report a 17-year-old girl; a case of MRKHS with vaginal agenesis. The cervix was present but atretic; uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries were normal. There were no associated renal or skeletal defects. Colovaginoplasty was done to bridge the gap between uterus and introitus. Postoperatively, small part of colovaginoplasty flap became necrotic posteriorly, which was ultimately managed by insetting of labial flap. PMID:24834388

Colovaginoplasty in a case of mayer-rokitansky-kuster-hauser syndrome.

PubMed

Saleem, Muhammad; Iqbal, Muhammad Zafar; Jam, Mazher Rafee; Ahmad, Mushtaq; Mirza, Bilal

2014-01-01

Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome (MRKHS) is characterized by various abnormalities of paramesonephric duct structures; vaginal aplasia being the commonest anomaly in the spectrum. We report a 17-year-old girl; a case of MRKHS with vaginal agenesis. The cervix was present but atretic; uterus, fallopian tubes and ovaries were normal. There were no associated renal or skeletal defects. Colovaginoplasty was done to bridge the gap between uterus and introitus. Postoperatively, small part of colovaginoplasty flap became necrotic posteriorly, which was ultimately managed by insetting of labial flap.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 38 (CONCTH00060038) on Town Highway 6, crossing the Moose River, Concord, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Olson, Scott A.

1996-01-01

Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.1 to 3.1 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the incipient-overtopping discharge. Abutment scour at the left abutment ranged from 10.4 to 12.5 ft with the worst-case occurring at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour at the right abutment ranged from 25.3 to 27.3 ft with the worst-case occurring at the incipient-overtopping discharge. The worst-case total scour also occurred at the incipient-overtopping discharge. The incipient-overtopping discharge was in between the 100- and 500-year discharges. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 40 (ROCKTH00140040) on Town Highway 14, crossing the Williams River, Rockingham, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Burns, Ronda L.; Wild, Emily C.

1998-01-01

This report provides the results of a detailed Level II analysis of scour potential at structure ROCKTH00140040 on Town Highway 14 crossing the Williams River, Rockingham, Vermont (figures 1–8). A Level II study is a basic engineering analysis of the site, including a quantitative analysis of stream stability and scour (FHWA, 1993). Results of a Level I scour investigation also are included in appendix E of this report. A Level I investigation provides a qualitative geomorphic characterization of the study site. Information on the bridge, gleaned from Vermont Agency of Transportation (VTAOT) files, was compiled prior to conducting Level I and Level II analyses and is found in appendix D. The site is in the New England Upland section of the New England physiographic province in southeastern Vermont. The 99.2-mi2 drainage area is in a predominantly rural and forested basin. In the vicinity of the study site, the surface cover is pasture downstream of the bridge. Upstream of the bridge, the left bank is forested and the right bank is suburban. In the study area, the Williams River has an incised, sinuous channel with a slope of approximately 0.005 ft/ft, an average channel top width of 154 ft and an average bank height of 11 ft. The channel bed material ranges from silt and clay to cobble with a median grain size (D50) of 45.4 mm (0.149 ft). The geomorphic assessment at the time of the Level I and Level II site visit on September 4, 1996, indicated that the reach was stable. The Town Highway 14 crossing of the Williams River is a 106-ft-long, one-lane covered bridge consisting of two steel-beam spans with a maximum span length of 73 ft (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written communication, April 6, 1995). The opening length of the structure parallel to the bridge face is 94.5 ft. The bridge is supported by a vertical, concrete abutment with wingwalls on the left, a vertical, laid-up stone abutment on the right and a concrete pier. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is zero degrees. A scour hole 2.1 ft deeper than the mean thalweg depth was observed towards the left side of the channel under and just downstream of the bridge during the Level I assessment. Scour protection measures at the site included type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) at the upstream end of the upstream left wingwall and type-2 stone fill (less than 36 inches diameter) along the upstream left bank and the left abutment. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and appendices D and E. Scour depths and recommended rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and Davis, 1995) for the 100- and 500-year discharges. In addition, the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge was determined and analyzed as another potential worst-case scour scenario. Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows was zero ft. Left abutment scour ranged from 13.9 to 19.2 ft. Right abutment scour ranged from 7.0 to 11.7 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Pier scour ranged from 18.7 to 24.7 ft and the worst case occurred at the incipient roadway-overtopping discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particlesize distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and Davis, 1995, p. 46). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

47 CFR 80.309 - Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. 80... Safety Watches § 80.309 Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. In addition to the watch requirement contained in § 80.148, all vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must keep a watch on the designated...

47 CFR 80.309 - Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. 80... Safety Watches § 80.309 Watch required by the Bridge-to-Bridge Act. In addition to the watch requirement contained in § 80.148, all vessels subject to the Bridge-to-Bridge Act must keep a watch on the designated...

Successful extracorporeal membrane oxygenation therapy as a bridge to sequential bilateral lung transplantation for a patient after severe paraquat poisoning.

PubMed

Tang, Xiao; Sun, Bing; He, Hangyong; Li, Hui; Hu, Bin; Qiu, Zewu; Li, Jie; Zhang, Chunyan; Hou, Shengcai; Tong, Zhaohui; Dai, Huaping

2015-11-01

Paraquat is a widely used herbicide that can cause severe to fatal poisoning in humans. The irreversible and rapid progression of pulmonary fibrosis associated with respiratory failure is the main cause of death in the later stages of poisoning. There are infrequent reports of successful lung transplants for cases of severe paraquat poisoning. We expect that this successful case will provide a reference for other patients in similar circumstances. A 24-year-old female was sent to the hospital approximately 2 hours after ingesting 50 ml of paraquat. She experienced rapidly aggravated pulmonary fibrosis and severe respiratory failure. On the 34th day after ingestion, she underwent intubation and invasive mechanical ventilation. The patient was evaluated for lung transplantation, and veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) was established as a bridge to lung transplantation on the 44th day. On the 56th day, she successfully underwent a bilateral sequential lung transplantation. Through respiratory and physical rehabilitation and nutrition support, the patient was weaned from mechanical ventilation and extubated on the 66th day. On the 80th day, she was discharged. During the 1-year follow-up, the patient was found to be in good condition, and her pulmonary function improved gradually. We suggest that lung transplantation may be an effective treatment in the end stages of paraquat-induced pulmonary fibrosis and consequential respiratory failure. For patients experiencing a rapid progression to a critical condition in whom lung transplantation cannot be performed immediately (e.g., while awaiting a viable donor or toxicant clearance), ECMO should be a viable bridge to lung transplantation.

"Cooking the books"--behavior-based safety at the San Francisco Bay Bridge.

PubMed

Brown, Garrett D; Barab, Jordan

2007-01-01

Practitioners of Behavior-Based Safety (BBS) claim dramatic reductions in worker injuries and illnesses through modifying workers' "unsafe behaviors." This case study of a BBS program implemented by KFM, a giant construction consortium rebuilding the eastern span of the San Francisco Bay Bridge in California, documents how BBS was used to suppress reporting of worker injuries and illnesses on site. The key elements of KFM's BBS "injury prevention" strategy included: 1) cash incentives to workers and supervisors who do not report injuries; 2) reprisals and threats of reprisals against those employees who do report injuries; 3) selection and use of employer friendly occupational health clinics and workers compensation insurance administrators; 4) strict limits on the activities of contract industrial hygiene consultants; and 5) a secretive management committee that decides whether reported injuries and illnesses are legitimate and recordable. KFM reported injury and illness rates 55% to 72% lower than other bridge builders in the Bay Area, but the California Division of Occupational Safety and Health (Cal/OSHA) issued Willful citations to the consortium in June 2006 for failing to record 13 worker injuries on its "OSHA Log 300," as required by law.

[Protective role of autotypic contacts under cerebellar neural net injury by toxic doses of NO-generative compounds].

PubMed

Samosudova, N V; Reutov, V P; Larionova, N P; Chaĭlakhian, L M

2005-01-01

In the present work, cerebellar neural net injury was induced by toxic doses of NO-generative compound (NaNO2). A protective role of glial cells was revealed in such conditions. The present results were compared with those of the previous work concerning the action of high concentration glutamate on the frog cerebellum (Samosudova et al., 1996). In both cases we observed the appearance of spiral-like structures--"wrappers)"--involving several rows of transformed glial processes with smaller width and bridges connecting the inner sides of row (autotypic contact). A statistic analysis was made according to both previous and present data. We calculated the number and width of rows, and intervals between bridges depending on experimental conditions. As the injury increased (stimulation in the NO-presence), the row number in "wrappers" also increased, while the row width and intervals between bridges decreased. The presence of autotypic contacts in glial "wrappers" enables us to suppose the involvement of adhesive proteins--cadherins in its formation. The obtained data suggested that the formation of spiral structures--"wrappers" may be regarded as a compensative-adaptive reaction on the injury of cerebellar neural net glutamate and NO-generative compounds.

Do Facilitated Online Dual Credit Classes Result in Deep Learning?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stark Education Partnership, 2015

2015-01-01

This study, with funding from the Jennings Foundation, sought to answer the following broad research question: Do facilitated online dual credit courses result in deep learning? The answer to this question is key to addressing barriers many students face in bridging from high school to college. This report includes a descriptive case study that…

Transforming School Conditions: Building Bridges to the Education System that Students and Teachers Deserve

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Daughtrey, Alesha

2010-01-01

In this report the TeacherSolutions Teacher Working Conditions team--a group of 14 accomplished teachers who work in mostly high-needs schools and districts, both urban and rural, draw on current research and Center for Teaching Quality case studies to identify essential, research-based principles that must undergird sustainable and effective…

Amiodarone-Induced Liver Injury and Cirrhosis

PubMed Central

Kappus, Matthew; Lagoo, Anand S.; Brady, Carla W.

2015-01-01

We present a case report of an 80-year-old woman with volume overload thought initially to be secondary to heart failure, but determined to be amiodarone-induced acute and chronic liver injury leading to submassive necrosis and bridging fibrosis consistent with early cirrhosis. Her histopathology was uniquely absent of steatosis and phospholipidosis, which are commonly seen in AIC. PMID:26157932

Amiodarone-Induced Liver Injury and Cirrhosis.

PubMed

Buggey, Jonathan; Kappus, Matthew; Lagoo, Anand S; Brady, Carla W

2015-01-01

We present a case report of an 80-year-old woman with volume overload thought initially to be secondary to heart failure, but determined to be amiodarone-induced acute and chronic liver injury leading to submassive necrosis and bridging fibrosis consistent with early cirrhosis. Her histopathology was uniquely absent of steatosis and phospholipidosis, which are commonly seen in AIC.

Peer Production for Collaboration between Academics and Practitioners

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ponti, Marisa

2013-01-01

The purpose of this article is to suggest commons-based peer production as a form of work that can help bridge the gap between research and practice in LIS. The research design is based on two in-depth and longitudinal qualitative case studies of collaborative projects involving LIS academics and practitioners in Italy. Analysis of interviews and…

Bridging the Gaps between Learning and Teaching through Recognition of Students' Learning Approaches: A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Malie, Senian; Akir, Oriah

2012-01-01

Learning approaches, learning methods and learning environments have different effects on students? academic performance. However, they are not the sole factors that impact students? academic achievement. The aims of this research are three-fold: to determine the learning approaches preferred by most students and the impact of the learning…

Chapter 5: Tertiary Short-Cycle Education in Bulgaria--In Search of Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Slantcheva-Durst, Snejana; Ivanov, Stanislav

2010-01-01

This chapter traces the development of short-cycle higher education in Bulgaria. An emphasis is placed on (a) the evolution of nonuniversity short-cycle institutes and (b) the challenges of bridging the gap between secondary and higher education and creating links between vocational and academic learning pathways. The case study of Bulgaria may…

Building Bridges: How to Increase the Efficacy of Teacher Mentors and Student-Teacher Programs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nesheim, Nicole E.; Moran, Clarice M.; Pendleton, Melissa

2014-01-01

The cases presented describe two levels of struggle. One level identifies two student teachers (ST) and their mentors failing to meet one another's expectations. Another level presents school administration as it seeks to find ways of meeting STs' needs while maintaining a positive and productive school climate. Relevant research is presented to…

Implementation: The Missing Link between Research and Practice. Implementation Brief. Number 1

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fixsen, Dean L.; Blase, Karen A.

2009-01-01

There is a great deal of discussion about the need to revitalize the nation's infrastructure. New roads, bridges, schools, and public buildings need to be built using the latest in green technology. Current infrastructure needs to be repaired and retrofitted. This brief makes the case that the human services infrastructure for effective…

Dental claims in the Swedish Patient Insurance Scheme.

PubMed

René, N; Owall, B; Cronström, R

1991-06-01

The Swedish Patient Insurance Scheme covers treatment injuries and guarantees the replacement of failed removable prostheses for 1 year and fixed prostheses for 2 years after fitting. In this paper, 573 dental cases are analysed for a 3-month period in 1986, during which crowns and bridges formed the vast majority of failed treatments that were reported.

Linking Early Childhood Education with Indigenous Education Using Gamification: The Case of Maintaining Cultural Value and Identity

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ukala, Catherine Chinyere; Agabi, Ogar G.

2017-01-01

Cultural values and identities remain the bench mark for national identity, cohesion, patriotism and harmonious coexistence in any society. The introduction of western education into West Africa created a weak bridge between the indigenous education and the western education which needs to be properly linked using curriculum harmonisation. This…

Museums and Planetariums: Bridging the Gap between Hawaiian Culture and Astronomy through Informal Education--A Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ciotti, Joseph E.

2010-01-01

Behavioral research supports informal education as fundamental to lifelong learning and responsible for much of what we know. Such learning occurs outside of formal schooling through venues such as the Internet, libraries, museums and planetariums. Unrestricted by the regulations of formal institutions, informal education can respond more quickly,…

Building Bridges: Perspectives on Partnership and Collaboration from the US Forest Service Tribal Relations Program

Treesearch

Michael J. Dockry; Sophia A. Gutterman; Mae A. Davenport

2017-01-01

American Indian tribes have inherent rights to national forestland and resources codified in treaties, the US Constitution, statutes, Presidential Executive Orders, and case law. These rights require a government-togovernment relationship between each tribe and the US Forest Service (USFS), which recognizes federal trust responsibilities and tribal sovereignty. This is...

Not for Bread Alone: An Appreciation of Job Enrichment.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, Linda King

Bridging the gap between theory and practice, the author through a case-study approach of industries in the United Kingdom and Europe has identified motivation techniques resulting in job enrichment. The book is written in the belief that work is more efficient when it is enjoyable and that human beings will become obsolete unless allowed to…

Bridging Separate Communities: The Aspirations and Experiences of Minority Ethnic Religious Education Teachers in England

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Everington, Judith

2015-01-01

This article takes as its starting point concerns about community separation that arose in 2001, following outbreaks of violence in English urban centres, and again in 2014, following the so-called "Trojan Horse" case. Despite a series of reports which have highlighted the need to address "separation", promote "meaningful…

23 CFR 650.409 - Evaluation of bridge inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Evaluation of bridge inventory. 650.409 Section 650.409... BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.409 Evaluation of bridge inventory. (a) Sufficiency rating of bridges. Upon receipt and evaluation of the bridge...

33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

23 CFR 650.409 - Evaluation of bridge inventory.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Evaluation of bridge inventory. 650.409 Section 650.409... BRIDGES, STRUCTURES, AND HYDRAULICS Highway Bridge Replacement and Rehabilitation Program § 650.409 Evaluation of bridge inventory. (a) Sufficiency rating of bridges. Upon receipt and evaluation of the bridge...

33 CFR 115.70 - Advance approval of bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Advance approval of bridges. 115... BRIDGES BRIDGE LOCATIONS AND CLEARANCES; ADMINISTRATIVE PROCEDURES § 115.70 Advance approval of bridges. (a) The General Bridge Act of 1946 requires the approval of the location and plans of bridges prior...

Baraitser and Winter syndrome with growth hormone deficiency.

PubMed

Chentli, Farida; Zellagui, Hadjer

2014-01-01

Baraitser-Winter syndrome (BWS), first reported in 1988, is apparently due to genetic abnormalities that are still not well-defined, although many gene abnormalities are already discovered and de novo missense changes in the cytoplasmic actin-encoding genes (called ACTB and ACTG1) have been recently discovered. The syndrome combines facial and cerebral malformations. Facial malformations totally or partially present in the same patient are: Iris coloboma, bilateral ptosis, hypertelorism, broad nasal bridge, and prominent epicanthic folds. The various brain malformations are probably responsible for growth and mental retardation. To the best of our knowledge, the syndrome is very rare as few cases have been reported so far. Our aim was to describe a child with a phenotype that looks like BWS with proved partial growth hormone (GH) deficiency which was not reported before. A girl aged 7-year-old of consanguineous parents was referred for short stature and mental retardation. Clinical examination showed dwarfism and a delay in her mental development. Other clinical features included: Strabismus, epicanthic folds, broad nasal bridge, and brain anomalies such as lissencephaly, bilateral hygroma, and cerebral atrophy. Hormonal assessment showed partial GH deficiency without other endocrine disorders. Our case looks exactly like BWS. However, apart from facial and cerebral abnormalities, there is a partial GH deficiency which can explain the harmonious short stature. This case seems worth to be reported as it adds GH deficiency to the very rare syndrome.

Tracking Pulse Oximeter Findings Before, During and After Titration of Mandibular Advancement Devices (MAD) for Patients With Mild to Moderate Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-06-01

CP AP because of claustrophobia, noise, nose bleeds, dermatitis and nasal bridge sores. In many cases, these effects are due to incorrect pressure...checked for contact data in case a subject must be contacted due to scheduling problems, or some new information is learned that a subject needs to know...Subject initiated contacts via phone or email to the PI with respect to adverse events, side effects or questions will be recorded on an electronic log

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 45 (CHELTH00440045) on Town Highway 44, crossing first Branch White River, Chelsea, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ayotte, Joseph D.; Hammond, Robert E.

1996-01-01

bridge consisting of one 27-foot clear-span concrete-encased steel beam deck superstructure (Vermont Agency of Transportation, written commun., August 25, 1994). The bridge is supported by vertical, concrete abutments with wingwalls. The channel is skewed approximately 10 degrees to the opening while the opening-skew-to-roadway is 5 degrees. Both abutment footings were reported as exposed and the left abutment was reported to be undermined by 0.5 ft at the time of the Level I assessment. The only scour protection measure at the site was type-1 stone fill (less than 12 inches diameter) along the left abutment which was reported as failed. Additional details describing conditions at the site are included in the Level II Summary and Appendices D and E. Scour depths and rock rip-rap sizes were computed using the general guidelines described in Hydraulic Engineering Circular 18 (Richardson and others, 1993). Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.4 to 5.1 ft. with the worst-case occurring at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 9.9 to 20.3 ft. The worst-case abutment scour also occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1993, p. 48). Many factors, including historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic assessment, scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses, must be considered to properly assess the validity of abutment scour results. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein, based on the consideration of additional contributing factors and experienced engineering judgement.

The Impact on Academic Staff of the Collaboration between a Pathway Provider and Its Partner University: An Australian Case Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaktinš, Louise

2018-01-01

New educational models such as those involving a third party educational provider linked with an official university for purposes of providing a bridge (a pathway program) into a mainstream university degree, particularly for international students, have become part of the higher education landscape capitalising on the international demand for…

Temperature differential of swingspan bridges : final report.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

1969-06-01

This report describes a study performed to determine the temperature differential of the top and bottom member of one side of a swingspan bridge. Three bridges were used in the study. Bridge No. 1 was an equal-arm swingspan bridge, Bridge No. 2 was a...

Can social capital help explain enrolment (or lack thereof) in community-based health insurance? Results of an exploratory mixed methods study from Senegal.

PubMed

Mladovsky, Philipa; Soors, Werner; Ndiaye, Pascal; Ndiaye, Alfred; Criel, Bart

2014-01-01

CBHI has achieved low population coverage in West Africa and elsewhere. Studies which seek to explain this point to inequitable enrolment, adverse selection, lack of trust in scheme management and information and low quality of health care. Interventions to address these problems have been proposed yet enrolment rates remain low. This exploratory study proposes that an under-researched determinant of CBHI enrolment is social capital. Fieldwork comprising a household survey and qualitative interviews was conducted in Senegal in 2009. Levels of bonding and bridging social capital among 720 members and non-members of CBHI across three case study schemes are compared. The results of the logistic regression suggest that, controlling for age and gender, in all three case studies members were significantly more likely than non-members to be enrolled in another community association, to have borrowed money from sources other than friends and relatives and to report having control over all community decisions affecting daily life. In two case studies, having privileged social relationships was also positively correlated with enrolment. After controlling for additional socioeconomic and health variables, the results for borrowing money remained significant. Additionally, in two case studies, reporting having control over community decisions and believing that the community would cooperate in an emergency were significantly positively correlated with enrolment. The results suggest that CBHI members had greater bridging social capital which provided them with solidarity, risk pooling, financial protection and financial credit. Qualitative interviews with 109 individuals selected from the household survey confirm this interpretation. The results ostensibly suggest that CBHI schemes should build on bridging social capital to increase coverage, for example by enrolling households through community associations. However, this may be unadvisable from an equity perspective. It is concluded that since enrolment in CBHI was less common not only among the poor, but also among those with less social capital and less power, strategies should focus on removing social as well as financial barriers to  financial protection from the cost of ill health. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Building Better Bridges into STEM: A Synthesis of 25 Years of Literature on STEM Summer Bridge Programs

PubMed Central

Ashley, Michael; Cooper, Katelyn M.; Cala, Jacqueline M.; Brownell, Sara E.

2017-01-01

Summer bridge programs are designed to help transition students into the college learning environment. Increasingly, bridge programs are being developed in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) disciplines because of the rigorous content and lower student persistence in college STEM compared with other disciplines. However, to our knowledge, a comprehensive review of STEM summer bridge programs does not exist. To provide a resource for bridge program developers, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on STEM summer bridge programs. We identified 46 published reports on 30 unique STEM bridge programs that have been published over the past 25 years. In this review, we report the goals of each bridge program and whether the program was successful in meeting these goals. We identify 14 distinct bridge program goals that can be organized into three categories: academic success goals, psychosocial goals, and department-level goals. Building on the findings of published bridge reports, we present a set of recommendations for STEM bridge programs in hopes of developing better bridges into college. PMID:29146667

Use of the Impella 5.0 Device as a Bridge to Recovery in Adult Fulminant Viral Myocarditis.

PubMed

Burns, Daniel J P; Quantz, Mackenzie A

2015-01-01

We present a case of a 48-year-old female patient successfully bridged to recovery with the Impella 5.0 microaxial pump (Abiomed, Danvers, MA USA) after presenting with cardiogenic shock secondary to acute fulminant viral myocarditis. After 1 week of flu-like symptoms, the patient presented to her community emergency department with chest pain and hypotension. A diagnosis of inferior ST elevation myocardial infarction was made; subsequent angiography demonstrated normal coronary arteries and a left ventricular ejection fraction of 10%. A provisional diagnosis of viral myocarditis was made. As her condition deteriorated further, she underwent insertion of an Impella 5.0 after failure of supportive medical therapy. Myocardial recovery occurred, and the Impella was removed after 1 week. After a prolonged cardiac intensive care unit stay requiring temporary hemodialysis, the patient recovered sufficiently to tolerate device explant, transfer to the recovery ward, and ultimate discharge home. This case report highlights the benefit of mechanical circulatory support in a patient with cardiogenic shock from viral myocarditis as well as some of the complications that can occur in this critically ill subset of patients.

Level II scour analysis for Bridge 46 (CHELTH00680046) on Town Highway 68, crossing the First Branch of the White River, Chelsea, Vermont

USGS Publications Warehouse

Ivanoff, Michael A.; Song, Donald L.

1996-01-01

Total scour at a highway crossing is comprised of three components: 1) long-term streambed degradation; 2) contraction scour (due to accelerated flow caused by a reduction in flow area at a bridge) and; 3) local scour (caused by accelerated flow around piers and abutments). Total scour is the sum of the three components. Equations are available to compute depths for contraction and local scour and a summary of the results of these computations follows. Contraction scour for all modelled flows ranged from 0.9 to 2.6 ft. The worst-case contraction scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Abutment scour ranged from 14.3 to 24.0 ft. The worst-case abutment scour occurred at the 500-year discharge. Additional information on scour depths and depths to armoring are included in the section titled “Scour Results”. Scoured-streambed elevations, based on the calculated scour depths, are presented in tables 1 and 2. A cross-section of the scour computed at the bridge is presented in figure 8. Scour depths were calculated assuming an infinite depth of erosive material and a homogeneous particle-size distribution. The left abutment sits atop a bedrock outcrop. The results of the calculated scour depths will be limited by the bedrock. It is generally accepted that the Froehlich equation (abutment scour) gives “excessively conservative estimates of scour depths” (Richardson and others, 1995, p. 47). Usually, computed scour depths are evaluated in combination with other information including (but not limited to) historical performance during flood events, the geomorphic stability assessment, existing scour protection measures, and the results of the hydraulic analyses. Therefore, scour depths adopted by VTAOT may differ from the computed values documented herein.

Bridges in complex networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Ang-Kun; Tian, Liang; Liu, Yang-Yu

2018-01-01

A bridge in a graph is an edge whose removal disconnects the graph and increases the number of connected components. We calculate the fraction of bridges in a wide range of real-world networks and their randomized counterparts. We find that real networks typically have more bridges than their completely randomized counterparts, but they have a fraction of bridges that is very similar to their degree-preserving randomizations. We define an edge centrality measure, called bridgeness, to quantify the importance of a bridge in damaging a network. We find that certain real networks have a very large average and variance of bridgeness compared to their degree-preserving randomizations and other real networks. Finally, we offer an analytical framework to calculate the bridge fraction and the average and variance of bridgeness for uncorrelated random networks with arbitrary degree distributions.

Three Bridge Fryer's Ford Bridge, Nimrod Bridge, and Ward's ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

Three Bridge - Fryer's Ford Bridge, Nimrod Bridge, and Ward's Crossing Bridge - Fryer's Ford Bridge, Spanning East Fork of Point Remove Creek at Fryer Bridge Road (CR 67), Solgohachia, Conway County, AR

Bologna through Ontario Eyes: The Case of the Advanced Diploma in Architectural Technology

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mitchell, Amy D.; Feltham, Mark; Trotter, Lane

2015-01-01

Inspired by Ontario's burgeoning interest in postsecondary student mobility, this article examines how elements of Europe's Bologna Process can help bridge the college--university divide of Ontario's postsecondary system. Via discourse analysis of relevant qualification frameworks and program standards, it argues that the current system…

Guardrails for use on historic bridges : volume 1--replacement strategies.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2016-11-01

Bridges that are designated historic present a special challenge to bridge engineers whenever rehabilitation work or improvements are : made to the bridges. Federal and state laws protect historically significant bridges, and railings on these bridge...