32 CFR 1642.3 - Basis for classification in Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... because his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) is dependent upon him for support; or (3) Whose deferment is advisable because his wife and child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s..., child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) is dependent upon the registrant for...

32 CFR 1642.3 - Basis for classification in Class 3-A.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... because his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) is dependent upon him for support; or (3) Whose deferment is advisable because his wife and child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s..., child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) is dependent upon the registrant for...

Siblings of individuals with autism or Down syndrome: effects on adult lives.

PubMed

Orsmond, G I; Seltzer, M M

2007-09-01

In this study, we examine instrumental and affective involvement in the sibling relationship for adults who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or Down syndrome (DS). We ask three research questions: (1) How do adult siblings of individuals with ASD differ from siblings of individuals with DS in their assessment of the quality of the sibling relationship and their experience of growing up with a brother or sister with a disability? (2) Are there gender effects on the sibling relationship and sibling experience in these two groups? (3) Which factors are predictive of variation in the sibling relationship for siblings of adults with ASD or DS? Data from 154 siblings who participated in two linked longitudinal studies were used. Seventy-seven siblings with a brother or sister with ASD were matched by age and gender to 77 siblings with a brother or sister with DS. The siblings in each group were between 21 and 56 years of age and over half were sisters. Siblings completed questionnaires on instrumental and affective involvement with their brother or sister with ASD or DS, the impact of growing up with a brother or sister with a disability on their lives, and their coping skills and feelings of pessimism. Compared with the siblings of adults with DS, siblings of adults with ASD had less contact with their brother or sister, reported lower levels of positive affect in the relationship, felt more pessimistic about their brother or sister's future, and were more likely to report that their relationships with their parents had been affected. For siblings of adults with ASD, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling had lower educational levels, lived closer to the brother or sister with ASD, used more problem-focused coping strategies, and when his or her brother or sister with ASD had higher levels of functional independence. In contrast, for siblings of adults with DS, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling did not have children, had lower levels of education, lived closer to the brother or sister with DS, when he or she used more problem-focused coping, was less pessimistic about the brother or sister's future, and when his or her life had been impacted to a greater extent by growing up with a brother or sister with DS. We discuss the implications of these findings for future caregiving roles for siblings. Siblings of individuals with ASD may face difficulty when their parents are no longer able to be the primary caregivers for their brother or sister with ASD, as they tend to have less emotional closeness and are more pessimistic about their brother or sister's future than siblings of individuals with DS. Moreover, in both groups, a closer sibling relationship was observed when the sibling used more problem-focused coping strategies, which may have implications for intervention.

20 CFR 410.215 - Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or...; Duration of Entitlement; Filing of Claims and Evidence § 410.215 Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister. (a) parent, brother, or sister is entitled to benefits beginning with the month all the...

20 CFR 725.222 - Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother... Benefits) § 725.222 Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister. (a) An individual is eligible for benefits as a surviving parent, brother or sister if all of the following requirements are met: (1...

20 CFR 725.223 - Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or... Benefits) § 725.223 Duration of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister. (a) A parent, sister, or brother....222 are met. (b) The last month for which such parent is entitled to benefits is the month in which...

Having a Brother or Sister with Down Syndrome: Perspectives from Siblings

PubMed Central

Skotko, Brian G.; Levine, Susan P.; Goldstein, Richard

2012-01-01

This study asks brothers and sisters about their feelings and perceptions toward their sibling with Down syndrome. We analyzed valid and reliable surveys from 822 brothers and sisters whose families were on the mailing lists of six non-profit Down syndrome organizations around the country. More than 96% of brothers/sisters that responded to the survey indicated that they had affection toward their sibling with Down syndrome; and 94% of older siblings expressed feelings of pride. Less than 10% felt embarrassed, and less than 5% expressed a desire to trade their sibling in for another brother or sister without Down syndrome. Among older siblings, 88% felt that they were better people because of their siblings with Down syndrome, and more than 90% plan to remain involved in their sibling’s lives as they become adults. The vast majority of brothers and sisters describe their relationship with their sibling with Down syndrome as positive and enriching. PMID:21910244

38 CFR 17.170 - Autopsies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

...; followed by children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc. When the next of kin as defined by the laws of decedent's domicile consists of a number of persons as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc..., consists of a number of persons such as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc., permission to...

20 CFR 725.225 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. 725.225 Section 725.225 Employees' Benefits EMPLOYMENT STANDARDS ADMINISTRATION... Benefits) § 725.225 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner...

20 CFR 725.225 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 4 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. 725.225 Section 725.225 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS... Benefits) § 725.225 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner...

20 CFR 725.225 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 4 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. 725.225 Section 725.225 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS... Benefits) § 725.225 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner...

20 CFR 725.225 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 4 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. 725.225 Section 725.225 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS... Benefits) § 725.225 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner...

20 CFR 725.225 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. 725.225 Section 725.225 Employees' Benefits OFFICE OF WORKERS' COMPENSATION PROGRAMS... Benefits) § 725.225 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner...

7 CFR 6.23 - Eligibility to apply for a license.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... applicant if: (i) The applicant is the spouse, brother, sister, parent, child or grandchild of such other applicant; (ii) The applicant is the spouse, brother, sister, parent, child or grandchild of an individual..., brother, sister, parent, child or grandchild of an individual who owns or controls such other applicant...

[Nutritional status of two generations of brothers and sisters <5 years of age beneficiaries from opportunities living in marginalized rural communities in Chiapas, Mexico].

PubMed

García-Parra, Esmeralda; Ochoa-Díaz-López, Héctor; García-Miranda, Rosario; Moreno-Altamirano, Laura; Morales, Helda; Estrada-Lugo, Erin Ingrid Jane; Solís-Hernández, Roberto

2015-06-01

Mexico, in recent decades, has developed several programs to eradicate the problem of infant malnutrition <5 years, primarily among those living in rural and indigenous areas. However, there is insufficient evidence on these programs’ impact on child health and nutrition. To describe the nutritional changes of two generations of brothers and sisters living in rural communities of Chiapas and who are Oportunidades beneficiaries. Cross-sectional study. It was determined: underweight, stunting, wasting and overweight plus obesity. Older brothers and sisters were evaluated in 2002-2003, for 2010-2011 younger brothers and sisters were evaluated, both groups were <5 years of age at the time of data collection. Malnutrition, in its three types is a problem. 43.4% of brothers and sisters evaluated in 2010-2011 showed stunting, underweight prevalence declined from 18% to 13.2%, wasting (low weight for height) increased from 8.1% to 10.4%. Overweight and obesity increased significantly by 12 percentage points among brothers and sisters, from 24.8% in 2002-2003 to 36.8% in 2010-2011. Malnutrition among male children is lower than their brothers and sisters from the 2002-2003 generation (stunting p=<0.05), overweight and obesity was 10.9 percentage points higher than their brothers and sisters (26.4% to 37.3%). Children beneficiaries from Opportunities have not yet overcome chronic malnutrition problems. This study shows that there is not a clear impact in improving the nutritional status of the study population. Copyright AULA MEDICA EDICIONES 2014. Published by AULA MEDICA. All rights reserved.

50 CFR 622.18 - South Atlantic snapper-grouper limited access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...: husband, wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father; or (B) From an individual to a...: husband, wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father. The application for transfer of a permit..., daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father. (iii) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of...

50 CFR 622.18 - South Atlantic snapper-grouper limited access.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...: husband, wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father; or (B) From an individual to a...: husband, wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father. The application for transfer of a permit..., daughter, brother, sister, mother, or father. (iii) Except as provided in paragraphs (b)(1)(i) and (ii) of...

Brothers and Sisters of Children with Disabilities: An Annotated Bibliography. Families as Allies Project.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Smieja, Linda L.; And Others

This annotated bibliography provides a comprehensive review of literature focusing on brothers and sisters of children with emotional disorders. Some material addressing brothers and sisters of children who have physical, mental, or developmental disabilities is also included. The bibliography lists approximately 80 references covering a 10-year…

20 CFR 725.224 - Determination of relationship; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of relationship; parent... Benefits) § 725.224 Determination of relationship; parent, brother, or sister. (a) An individual will be considered to be the parent, brother, or sister of a miner if the courts of the State in which the miner was...

Prolegomenon to the Study of "Brother" as a Male Family Role.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Arkin, William

1979-01-01

Directs the reader to sibling gender relationships. Patterns of intimacy in brother-brother and brother-sister relationships are identified. Masculine gender role patterns were expressed more frequently than classic sibling rivalry. Sisters, not mothers, were discovered to be the primary socializing agent for some of men's intimate relationships…

26 CFR 1.2-2 - Definitions and special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... mother, or an ancestor of either; (c) His stepfather or stepmother; (d) A son or a daughter of his brother or sister; (e) A brother or sister of his father or mother; or (f) His son-in-law, daughter-in-law, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother- in-law, or sister-in-law; if such person has a gross income of...

26 CFR 1.2-2 - Definitions and special rules.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... mother, or an ancestor of either; (c) His stepfather or stepmother; (d) A son or a daughter of his brother or sister; (e) A brother or sister of his father or mother; or (f) His son-in-law, daughter-in-law, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother- in-law, or sister-in-law; if such person has a gross income of...

20 CFR 410.214 - Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother...; Duration of Entitlement; Filing of Claims and Evidence § 410.214 Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister. An individual is entitled to benefits if: (a) Such individual: (1) Is the parent, brother...

Adult siblings of individuals with Down syndrome versus with autism: findings from a large-scale US survey.

PubMed

Hodapp, R M; Urbano, R C

2007-12-01

As adults with Down syndrome live increasingly longer lives, their adult siblings will most likely assume caregiving responsibilities. Yet little is known about either the sibling relationship or the general functioning of these adult siblings. Using a national, web-based survey, this study compared adult siblings of individuals with Down syndrome to siblings of individuals with autism in terms of a potential 'Down syndrome advantage' and changes across age of the brother/sister with disabilities. Two groups were examined, siblings of persons with Down syndrome (n = 284) and with autism (n = 176). The Adult Sibling Questionnaire measured the number and length of contacts between siblings and their brothers/sisters with disabilities; the warmth, closeness and positiveness of the sibling relationship; and the sibling's overall levels of perceived health, depression and rewards of being a sibling. Compared with siblings of brothers/sisters with autism, siblings of brothers/sisters with Down syndrome showed closer, warmer sibling relationships, along with slightly better health, lower levels of depressive symptoms and more contacts. Across age groups of the brother/sister with disabilities, both groups showed lessened contacts, with less close sibling relationships occurring when brothers/sisters with disabilities were aged 30-44 years and 45 years and older (in Down syndrome) and 45 years and older (in autism). Within both groups, closer sibling relationships were associated with more frequent and lengthy contacts, brothers/sisters with disabilities who were better at maintaining friendships and had lower levels of behavioural/emotional problems, and siblings who felt themselves more rewarded by being a sibling to a brother/sister with disabilities. In line with earlier work on families of children with disabilities, this study shows an advantage for siblings of adults with Down syndrome, in terms of both sibling relationships and of slightly better health and lessened depressive symptoms. Both joint contacts and close sibling relationships do, however, differ when the brother/sister with disabilities is older. As the first generation of probable caregivers, siblings of persons with Down syndrome who are in their forties, fifties and sixties require increased research attention.

Paternity and inheritance of wealth

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartung, John

1981-06-01

One of the oldest conjectures in anthropology is that men transfer wealth to their sister's son when the biological paternity of their `own' children is in doubt1-12. Because maternity is certain, a man is necessarily related to his sister's son and his brother (see Fig. 1). It is argued here that relatedness to male heirs can be assured by passing wealth to sister's sons or down a line of brothers, whether the prevailing kinship system reckons those brothers matrilineally or patrilineally. It is also argued that when several transfers of wealth are considered, a man's likelihood of being cuckolded need not be unrealistically high13 for his successive matrilineal heirs to be more related to him than his successive patrilineal heirs (see Fig. 2). Cross-cultural data on sister's son/brother inheritance14 and frequency of extramarital sex for females15 support the hypothesis that men tend to transmit wealth to their sister's son and/or brother when the probability that their putative children are their genetic children is relatively low.

Siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death: a nationwide follow-up 2-9 years later.

PubMed

Lövgren, Malin; Jalmsell, Li; Eilegård Wallin, Alexandra; Steineck, Gunnar; Kreicbergs, Ulrika

2016-04-01

The aim of this study was to examine siblings' experiences of their brother's or sister's cancer death and if these experiences influenced levels of anxiety 2-9 years later. This nationwide survey was conducted in Sweden in 2009. All siblings who had a brother/sister who was diagnosed with cancer before the age of 17 years and who died before the age of 25 years during 2000-2007 were invited. Of those, 174 siblings participated (participation rate: 73%). Mixed data from the survey about the siblings' experiences of death were included as well as data from the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. To examine the experiences, descriptive statistics and content analysis were used. Mann-Whitney U-test was conducted to investigate if the experiences influenced anxiety 2-9 years later. The siblings reported poor knowledge and experienced a lack of communication about their brother's/sister's death, for example, about the time frame, bodily changes near death, and about their own experiences. Siblings who reported that no one talked with them about what to expect when their brother/sister was going to die reported higher levels of anxiety 2-9 years after the loss. Seventy percent reported that they witnessed their brother/sister suffering in the last hours in life. Many of those who were not present during the illness period and at the time of death expressed regret. It is important to prepare siblings for their brother's/sister's illness and death as it may decrease anxiety and regrets later on. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

20 CFR 410.380 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother... MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, TITLE IV-BLACK LUNG BENEFITS (1969- ) Relationship and Dependency § 410.380 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner's...

20 CFR 410.380 - Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of dependency; parent, brother... MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, TITLE IV-BLACK LUNG BENEFITS (1969- ) Relationship and Dependency § 410.380 Determination of dependency; parent, brother, or sister. An individual who is the miner's...

Birth order in girls with gender identity disorder.

PubMed

Zucker, K J; Lightbody, S; Pecore, K; Bradley, S J; Blanchard, R

1998-03-01

This study examined the birth order of girls with gender identity disorder (N = 22). Each proband was matched to 3-7 clinical control girls for age at assessment and number of siblings (the mode number of controls per proband was 7) (total N = 147). The number of older brothers, older sisters, younger brothers, and younger sisters was recorded. Slater's birth order index showed that the probands were significantly more likely to be early born than were the controls. A modified Slater's index also compared the birth order of the probands and the controls only to their brothers (when they had one or more) and only to their sisters (when they had one or more). Compared to the controls, the probands were born early compared to their sisters, but not to their brothers. These findings are the inverse of two previous studies of boys with gender identity disorder, who were later born relative to clinical control boys, an effect that appeared to be accounted for primarily by being born later relative to older brothers, but not to older sisters.

20 CFR 633.320 - Nepotism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... family” means wife, husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, brother-in-law, sister, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, stepparent...

20 CFR 633.320 - Nepotism.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... family” means wife, husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, brother-in-law, sister, sister-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother-in-law, father-in-law, aunt, uncle, niece, nephew, stepparent...

10 CFR 1060.501 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., by blood, marriage, or operation of law, as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle..., father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather...

10 CFR 1060.501 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

..., by blood, marriage, or operation of law, as father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, uncle..., father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law, stepfather...

38 CFR 17.170 - Autopsies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

...; followed by children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc. When the next of kin as defined by the laws of decedent's domicile consists of a number of persons as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc...

Paternity testing in case of brother-sister incest.

PubMed

Macan, Marijana; Uvodić, Petra; Botica, Vladimir

2003-06-01

We performed a paternity test in a case of incest between brother and sister. DNA from blood samples of the alleged parents and their two children was obtained with Chelex DNA extraction method and quantified with Applied Biosystems QuantiBlot quantitation kit. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of DNA samples was performed with AmpFlSTR SGM Plus PCR amplification kit and GenePrint PowerPlex PCR amplification kit. The amplified products were separated and detected by using the Perkin Elmer's ABI PRISM trade mark 310 Genetic Analyser. DNA and data analysis of 17 loci and Amelogenin confirmed the suspicion of brother-sister incest. Since both children had inherited all of the obligate alleles from the alleged father, we could confirm with certainty of 99.999999% that the oldest brother in the family was the biological father of both children. Calculated data showed that even in a case of brother-sister incest, paternity could be proved by the analysis of Amelogenin and 17 DNA loci.

Brothers and Sisters of Adults with Mental Retardation: Gendered Nature of the Sibling Relationship.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orsmond, Gael I.; Seltzer, Marsha Mailick

2000-01-01

Differences and similarities between 245 brothers and sisters of adults with mental retardation in the sibling relationship were examined. Sisters scored higher in the caregiving, companionship, and positive affect aspects of the sibling relationship. Sibling involvement increased over time, but was dependent upon changes in maternal health.…

Living with a Brother Who Has an Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Sister's Perspective

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Connell, Zara O.; Halloran, Maeve O.; Doody, Owen

2016-01-01

People with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) are born into families and influence family functioning both positively and negatively. One of the most enduring relationships a person with ASD will have is their relationship with a brother or sister. Services for people with ASD should provide effective support to families, which include brothers,…

Metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of women with polycystic ovary syndrome: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Bulent; Vellanki, Priyathama; Ata, Baris; Yildiz, Bulent Okan

2018-02-01

To provide an evidence-based assessment of metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia in first-degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Systematic review and meta-analysis. Not applicable. Mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of women with and without PCOS. An electronic-based search with the use of PubMed from 1960 to June 2015 and cross-checked references of relevant articles. Metabolic syndrome, hypertension and dyslipidemia, and surrogate markers, including systolic blood pressure (BP), diastolic BP, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and triglycerides. Fourteen of 3,346 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Prevalence of the following was significantly increased in relatives of women with PCOS: metabolic syndrome (risk ratio [RR] 1.78 [95% confidence interval 1.37, 2.30] in mothers, 1.43 [1.12, 1.81] in fathers, and 1.50 [1.12, 2.00] in sisters), hypertension (RR 1.93 [1.58, 2.35] in fathers, 2.92 [1.92, 4.45] in sisters), and dyslipidemia (RR 3.86 [2.54, 5.85] in brothers and 1.29 [1.11, 1.50] in fathers). Moreover, systolic BP (mothers, sisters, and brothers), total cholesterol (mothers and sisters), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (sisters), and triglycerides (mothers and sisters) were significantly higher in first-degree relatives of PCOS probands than in controls. Our results show evidence of clustering for metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and dyslipidemia in mothers, fathers, sisters, and brothers of women with PCOS. PROSPERO 2016 CRD42016048557. Copyright © 2017 American Society for Reproductive Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

20 CFR 725.309 - Additional claims; effect of a prior denial of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (child), and 725.222 (parent, brother, or sister)) has changed since the date upon which the order..., child, parent, brother, or sister shall be denied unless the applicable conditions of entitlement in...

5 CFR 3201.106 - Employment of family members outside the Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... matter if the employer of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the... employment of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the employee's household...

5 CFR 3201.106 - Employment of family members outside the Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... matter if the employer of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the... employment of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the employee's household...

5 CFR 3201.106 - Employment of family members outside the Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... matter if the employer of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the... employment of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the employee's household...

5 CFR 3201.106 - Employment of family members outside the Corporation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... matter if the employer of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the... employment of the employee's spouse, child, parent, brother, sister, or a member of the employee's household...

20 CFR 725.309 - Additional claims; effect of a prior denial of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... (child), and 725.222 (parent, brother, or sister)) has changed since the date upon which the order..., child, parent, brother, or sister shall be denied unless the applicable conditions of entitlement in...

20 CFR 725.309 - Additional claims; effect of a prior denial of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (child), and 725.222 (parent, brother, or sister)) has changed since the date upon which the order..., child, parent, brother, or sister shall be denied unless the applicable conditions of entitlement in...

20 CFR 725.309 - Additional claims; effect of a prior denial of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (child), and 725.222 (parent, brother, or sister)) has changed since the date upon which the order..., child, parent, brother, or sister shall be denied unless the applicable conditions of entitlement in...

Detecting and correcting for family size differences in the study of sexual orientation and fraternal birth order.

PubMed

Blanchard, Ray

2014-07-01

The term "fraternal birth order effect" denotes a statistical relation most commonly expressed in one of two ways: Older brothers increase the odds of homosexuality in later born males or, alternatively, homosexual men tend to have more older brothers than do heterosexual men. The demonstrability of this effect depends partly on the adequate matching of the homosexual and heterosexual study groups with respect to mean family size. If the homosexual group has too many siblings, relative to the heterosexual group, the homosexual group will tend to show the expected excess of older brothers but may also show an excess of other sibling-types (most likely older sisters); if the homosexual group has too few siblings, it will tend not to show a difference in number of older brothers but instead may show a deficiency of other sibling-types (most likely younger brothers and younger sisters). In the first part of this article, these consequences are illustrated with deliberately mismatched groups selected from archived data sets. In the second part, two slightly different methods for transforming raw sibling data are presented. These are intended to produce family-size-corrected variables for each of the four original sibling parameters (older brothers, older sisters, younger brothers, and younger sisters). Both versions are shown to render the fraternal birth order effect observable in the deliberately mismatched groups. In the third part of the article, fraternal birth order studies published in the last 5 years were surveyed for failures to find a statistically significant excess of older brothers for the homosexual group. Two such studies were found in the nine examined. In both cases, the collective findings for older sisters, younger brothers, and younger sisters suggested that the mean family size of the homosexual groups was smaller than that of the heterosexual comparison groups. Furthermore, the individual findings for the four classes of siblings resembled those for the present experimentally mismatched groups in which the mean family size of the homosexual group was significantly smaller. This illustrates the necessity of comparing groups on measures of mean family size and removing this confound in some way when those means are markedly different.

When Your Brother or Sister Has Cancer

Cancer.gov

Help when a brother or sister has cancer. Learn how families cope and find support when a sibling has cancer. Tips to help you talk with your friends, deal with stress, and take care of your mind and body are also shared.

32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

32 CFR 1630.30 - Class 3-A: Registrant deferred because of hardship to dependents.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... upon him for support; or (2) Whose deferment is advisable because his child(ren), parent(s... advisable because his wife and his child(ren), parent(s), grandparent(s), brother(s), or sister(s) are...

20 CFR 725.309 - Additional claims; effect of prior denial of benefits.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (see §§ 725.202(d) (miner), 725.212 (spouse), 725.218 (child), and 725.222 (parent, brother, or sister..., child, parent, brother, or sister must be denied unless the applicable conditions of entitlement in such...

12 CFR 225.41 - Transactions requiring prior notice.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... holding company whether or not pursuant to an express agreement. (3) Immediate family includes a person's father, mother, stepfather, stepmother, brother, sister, stepbrother, stepsister, son, daughter, stepson, stepdaughter, grandparent, grandson, granddaughter, father-in-law, mother-in-law, brother-in-law, sister-in-law...

Freud on Brothers and Sisters: A Neglected Topic

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sherwin-White, Susan

2007-01-01

This paper explores Freud's developing thought on brothers and sisters, and their importance in his psychoanalytical writings and clinical work. Freud's work on sibling psychology has been seriously undervalued. This paper aims to give due recognition to Freud's work in this area. (Contains 1 note.)

Brother-sister incest: data from anonymous computer-assisted self interviews.

PubMed

Stroebel, Sandra S; O'Keefe, Stephen L; Beard, Keith W; Kuo, Shih-Ya; Swindell, Samuel; Stroupe, Walter

2013-01-01

Retrospective data were entered anonymously by 1,521 adult women using computer-assisted self interview. Forty were classified as victims of brother-sister incest, 19 were classified as victims of father-daughter incest, and 232 were classified as victims of sexual abuse by an adult other than their father before reaching 18 years of age. The other 1,230 served as controls. The victims of brother-sister incest had significantly more problematic outcomes than controls on many measures (e.g., more likely than the controls to endorse feeling like damaged goods, thinking that they had suffered psychological injury, and having undergone psychological treatment for childhood sexual abuse). However, victims of brother-sister incest also had significantly less problematic outcomes than victims of father-daughter incest on some measures (e.g., significantly less likely than the father-daughter incest victims to endorse feeling like damaged goods, thinking that they had suffered psychological injury, and having undergone psychological treatment for childhood sexual abuse).

Sibling rivalry and the gender gap: evidence from child health outcomes in Ghana.

PubMed

Garg, A; Morduch, J

1998-01-01

"When capital and labor markets are imperfect, choice sets narrow, and parents must choose how to ration available funds and time between their children. One consequence is that children become rivals for household resources. In economies with pro-male bias, such rivalries can yield gains to having relatively more sisters than brothers. Using a rich household survey from Ghana [the 1988-1989 Ghana Living Standards Survey], we find that on average if children had all sisters (and no brothers) they would do roughly 25-40% better on measured health indicators than if they had all brothers (and no sisters)." excerpt

38 CFR 17.170 - Autopsies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... preference among such persons. Usually the spouse is first entitled, except in some situations of separation; followed by children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc. When the next of kin as defined by the laws of decedent's domicile consists of a number of persons as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc...

Birth order and fluctuating asymmetry: a first look.

PubMed Central

Lalumière, M L; Harris, G T; Rice, M E

1999-01-01

We investigated the hypothesis that maternal immunoreactivity to male-specific features of the foetus can increase developmental instability. We predicted that the participants' number of older brothers would be positively related to the fluctuating asymmetry of ten bilateral morphological traits. The participants were 40 adult male psychiatric patients and 31 adult male hospital employees. Consistent with the hypothesis, the participants' number of older brothers--but not number of older sisters, younger brothers or younger sisters--was positively associated with fluctuating asymmetry. The patients had significantly larger fluctuating asymmetry scores and tended to have more older brothers than the employees, but the positive relationship between the number of older brothers and fluctuating asymmetry was observed in both groups. PMID:10643079

20 CFR 410.340 - Determination of relationship; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 20 Employees' Benefits 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Determination of relationship; parent, brother, or sister. 410.340 Section 410.340 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, TITLE IV-BLACK LUNG BENEFITS (1969- ) Relationship and...

20 CFR 222.40 - When determinations of relationship are made for parent, grandchild, brother or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... RETIREMENT BOARD REGULATIONS UNDER THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Parent, Grandchild, Brother or Sister § 222.40 When determinations of relationship are made for parent, grandchild... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false When determinations of relationship are made...

"Brothers and Sisters": A Novel Way to Teach Human Resources Management.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bumpus, Minnette

2000-01-01

The novel "Brothers and Sisters" by Bebe Moore Campbell was used in a management course to explore human resource management issues, concepts, and theories. The course included prereading and postreading surveys, lecture, book review, and examination. Most of the students (92%) felt the novel was an appropriate way to meet course…

Adult Sibling Relationships with Brothers and Sisters with Severe Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rossetti, Zach; Hall, Sarah

2015-01-01

The purpose of this qualitative study was to examine perceptions of adult sibling relationships with a brother or sister with severe disabilities and the contexts affecting the relationships. Adult siblings without disabilities (N = 79) from 19 to 72 years of age completed an online survey with four open-ended questions about their relationship…

38 CFR 1.10 - Eligibility for and disposition of the United States flag for burial purposes.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... separation from such service under conditions other than dishonorable, on or after April 25, 1951. (Authority... issued a flag on application signed by guardian). (iii) Parents, including adoptive, stepparents, and foster parents. (iv) Brothers or sisters, including brothers or sisters of the halfblood. (v) Uncles or...

20 CFR 410.200 - Types of benefits; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... entitlement to benefits for a miner, a widow, child, parent, brother, or sister; describe the events which... dependency requirements applicable to claimants for benefits as a widow, child, parent, brother, or sister... to pneumoconiosis; or (2) To the widow or child of a miner who was entitled to benefits at the time...

20 CFR 410.200 - Types of benefits; general.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... entitlement to benefits for a miner, a widow, child, parent, brother, or sister; describe the events which... dependency requirements applicable to claimants for benefits as a widow, child, parent, brother, or sister... to pneumoconiosis; or (2) To the widow or child of a miner who was entitled to benefits at the time...

[Sense of coherence and ways of coping in the relationship with brother or sister in healthy siblings of mentally ill persons].

PubMed

Osuchowska-Kościjańska, Anna; Charzyńska, Katarzyna; Chadzyńska, Małgorzata; Drozdzyńska, Anna; Kasperek-Zimowska, Beata; Bednarek, Agata; Sawicka, Maryla

2014-01-01

The aim of the present study was to investigate sense of coherence in healthy siblings of persons suffering from schizophrenia as well as their ways of coping in the relationship with ill brother or sister. 40 healthy brothers and sisters of persons with ICD- 10 diagnosis of F20 to F29 participated in the present study. Orientation to Life Scale (SOC- 29) was used to assess sense of coherence and Ways of Coping with Stress questionnaire (SRSS) was used to examine stress coping strategies. Mean global score of siblings of persons with schizophrenia was 111 points. Subjects used coping strategies focused on problem significantly more often than those focused on emotions. Therapeutic work with healthy siblings should focus on strengthening sense of personal competence, development of personal resources and different ways of coping with stress, investigation of emotions that healthy siblings experience in the relationship with ill brother or sister as well as supporting the process of accepting changes in the relationship with the ill sibling.

Male sexual orientation in independent samoa: evidence for fraternal birth order and maternal fecundity effects.

PubMed

VanderLaan, Doug P; Vasey, Paul L

2011-06-01

In Western cultures, male androphiles tend to have greater numbers of older brothers than male gynephiles (i.e., the fraternal birth order effect). In the non-Western nation of Independent Samoa, androphilic males (known locally as fa'afafine) have been shown to have greater numbers of older brothers, older sisters, and younger brothers (Vasey & VanderLaan, 2007). It is unclear, however, whether the observed older brother effect, in the context of the additional sibling category effects, represented a genuine fraternal birth order effect or was simply associated with elevated maternal fecundity. To differentiate between these two possibilities, this study employed a larger, independent replication sample of fa'afafine and gynephilic males from Independent Samoa. Fa'afafine had greater numbers of older brothers and sisters. The replication sample and the sample from Vasey and VanderLaan were then combined, facilitating a comparison that showed the older brother effect was significantly greater in magnitude than the older sister effect. These results suggest that fraternal birth order and maternal fecundity effects both exist in Samoa. The existence of these effects cross-culturally is discussed in the context of biological theories for the development of male androphilia.

Brother-Sister Incest: Data from Anonymous Computer-Assisted Self Interviews

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Stroebel, Sandra S.; O'Keefe, Stephen L.; Beard, Keith W.; Kuo, Shih-Ya; Swindell, Samuel; Stroupe, Walter

2013-01-01

Retrospective data were entered anonymously by 1,521 adult women using computer-assisted self interview. Forty were classified as victims of brother-sister incest, 19 were classified as victims of father-daughter incest, and 232 were classified as victims of sexual abuse by an adult other than their father before reaching 18 years of age. The…

Birth order and avuncular tendencies in Samoan men and fa'afafine.

PubMed

Vanderlaan, Doug P; Vasey, Paul L

2013-04-01

Androphilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to males whereas gynephilia refers to sexual attraction and arousal to females. In Samoa, transgendered androphilic males are known locally as fa'afafine. Previous research has shown that, compared to Samoan gynephilic men, fa'afafine report greater willingness to invest time and money toward nieces and nephews (i.e., greater avuncular tendencies) and also have greater numbers of older brothers and older sisters. The present study examined whether the Samoan male sexual orientation difference in avuncular tendencies could be accounted for by these parallel differences in numbers of older brothers and older sisters. The sample included 204 fa'afafine and 272 Samoan gynephilic men from our Samoan data archive for whom we had concurrent information on (1) a measure of willingness to invest time and money in nieces and nephews (i.e., avuncular tendencies) and (2) numbers of older and younger biological brothers and sisters. Among fa'afafine, but not Samoan gynephilic men, number of older brothers and number of older sisters were both significantly positively associated with avuncular tendencies. When controlling for number of older brothers, the magnitude of the male sexual orientation difference in avuncular tendencies was lowered, but remained statistically significant. In contrast, when controlling for number of older sisters, the male sexual orientation difference in avuncular tendencies ceased to exist. Discussion detailed how these findings help hone in on the proximate basis of elevated avuncular tendencies among fa'afafine. In addition, discussion focused on how particular evolutionary and cultural factors might relate to the avuncularity of fa'afafine.

Sisters and Brothers, Brothers and Sisters in the Family Affected by Traumatic Brain Injury.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pieper, Betty

This report is based on a qualitative research study which utilized a nominal group process to identify major life stressors for parents of children with traumatic brain injuries (TBI). It focuses first on effects of TBI on siblings and then on effective interventions. The first section uses quotes from participating parents to identify their…

Family Adaptation and Coping among Siblings of Cancer Patients, Their Brothers and Sisters, and Nonclinical Controls.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Madan-Swain, Avi; And Others

1993-01-01

Examined coping and family adaptation in siblings (n=32) of cancer patients, their ill brothers and sisters (n=19), and control group of nonclinical children (n=10) with healthy siblings. Gender and age of sibling, birth order, and number of siblings were examined. Found better adaptation in larger families and decreased family involvement among…

Improving Emotion Regulation and Sibling Relationship Quality: The More Fun with Sisters and Brothers Program

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kennedy, Denise E.; Kramer, Laurie

2008-01-01

We examined the role of emotion regulation (ER) in improving sibling relationship quality (SRQ) by evaluating the More Fun With Sisters and Brothers Program where 4- to 8-year-old siblings from 95 families were taught emotional and social competencies. Parents reported on SRQ and ER, and sibling interactions were observed in homes. SRQ and ER…

20 CFR 410.231 - Time limits for filing claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... of the widow, child, parent, brother, or sister of a miner must be filed by December 31, 1973, or... claim for benefits by or on behalf of the widow, child, parent, brother, or sister of a miner must be... claim by or on behalf of a surviving child of a miner or of such widow, must be filed within 6 months...

20 CFR 410.231 - Time limits for filing claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... of the widow, child, parent, brother, or sister of a miner must be filed by December 31, 1973, or... claim for benefits by or on behalf of the widow, child, parent, brother, or sister of a miner must be... claim by or on behalf of a surviving child of a miner or of such widow, must be filed within 6 months...

[The sibling status effects and the personality scales of the MMPI].

PubMed

Hama, H; Mine, H; Mine, H; Matsuyama, Y

1987-06-01

The purpose of this study is to find out if the personalities of siblings are similar or different. Subjects used were Doshisha University students and members of their families, provided those families had only two children. Altogether 29 pairs of boys and their younger brothers, 47 pairs of boys and their younger sisters, 44 pairs of girls and their younger brothers, and 51 pairs of girls and their younger sisters were given the MMPI individually. Sibling status effects were found in many of the MMPI scores according to the type of sibling dyads and birth order, especially for the sibling dyad of elder brother and younger sister. Personality relationships between the first and second child showed that there were significant correlations in many MMPI scales: L, K, Pd, Pa, Pt, Sc, Si, Conflict resolution, Manifest anxiety, Repression-Sensitization, and Hostility. Among the four types of sibling dyad, the pairs of girls and their younger brothers showed the highest correlation in their personality.

A Comparison of Trans Women, Trans Men, Genderqueer Individuals, and Cisgender Brothers and Sisters on the Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Ratings by Self and Siblings.

PubMed

Factor, Rhonda J; Rothblum, Esther D

2017-01-01

A U.S. national sample of 295 transgender adults (trans women, trans men, and genderqueer individuals) and their cisgender siblings completed the Bem Sex-Role Inventory about their siblings as well as themselves, which enabled a comparison between self-perceptions and sibling's perceptions of personality characteristics. Self-reported personality characteristics scored as feminine of trans women were not statistically different from those of their cisgender sisters, but they were significantly higher than self-reported femininity scores of trans men, genderqueer individuals, and cisgender brothers. Self-reported personality characteristics scored as masculine of trans men did not differ significantly from those of their cisgender brothers, but they were higher than those of trans women. Trans men and cisgender brothers were viewed by their siblings in a more sex-typed way than they rated themselves, whereas trans women and cisgender sisters were rated by their siblings in a less sex-typed way than they viewed themselves.

Adolescent Siblings of Individuals with and without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Self-Reported Empathy and Feelings about Their Brothers and Sisters

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Shivers, Carolyn M.; Dykens, Elisabeth M.

2017-01-01

Siblings of brothers or sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are important but understudied family members. As many previous studies have relied on parent report of sibling outcomes, the use of sibling self-report is an important addition to the research. This study assessed the feelings of adolescent siblings toward…

Adolescent Siblings of Individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Testing a Diathesis-Stress Model of Sibling Well-Being

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orsmond, Gael I.; Seltzer, Marsha Mailick

2009-01-01

The purpose of this study was to test a diathesis-stress model of well-being for siblings who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data were collected from 57 adolescents and their mothers. Sisters reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than brothers. Having a family history of ASDs was associated…

Sibling composition and household room sharing are associated with menarcheal status among rural Bengalee girls of West Bengal, India.

PubMed

Biswas, Sadaruddin; Koziel, Slawomir; Chakraborty, Raja; Bose, Kaushik

2013-08-01

Menarche, the first menstruation, is one of the most important events in a woman's reproductive life. The timing of menarche varies across populations and depends upon social interaction and family environment. It is also associated with several biological as well as social factors. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship between sibling composition and age at menarche (AAM) and to assess the association between the pattern of room sharing with family members of different sexes and menarcheal occurrence among rural Bengalee girls from West Bengal, India. The total sample comprised 577 Bengalee girls, 6-17 years of age, from various schools and madrasas in two blocks of the Nadia District of West Bengal State in India. The effects of room sharing on the occurrence of menarche, and of sibling composition on the menarcheal age, were assessed by analyses of covariance. The room-sharing pattern had a significant effect on menarcheal status (yes÷no): a significantly higher percentage of girls who shared a room with the mother and÷or sisters were postmenarcheal compared with those who shared a room with male family members. AAM did not differ significantly between girls having brothers or sisters. However, sibling order had a significant impact on AAM. Girls who had a younger sibling only (brother or sister) had a higher mean AAM, and girls who had both younger brothers and younger sisters had significantly higher mean AAM, than did the girls who had no younger sibling (singletons or having only elder siblings). There was no difference in AAM between the girls who had younger sister(s) and those who had younger brother(s). These differences were also independent of body mass index. In conclusion, the room sharing characteristics and the sibling sex composition, particularly their order, had significant effect on menarche in adolescent rural Bengalee girls. Copyright © 2013 Wayne State University Press, Detroit, Michigan 48201-1309.

Adolescent Siblings of Individuals With and Without Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities: Self-Reported Empathy and Feelings About Their Brothers and Sisters.

PubMed

Shivers, Carolyn M; Dykens, Elisabeth M

2017-01-01

Siblings of brothers or sisters with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) are important but understudied family members. As many previous studies have relied on parent report of sibling outcomes, the use of sibling self-report is an important addition to the research. This study assessed the feelings of adolescent siblings toward their brothers or sisters with and without IDD, as well as broader aspects of sibling empathy. Data were collected via a national, online survey from 97 parent-sibling pairs. Siblings of individuals with IDD reported higher levels of anxiety toward the target child than did siblings of typically developing individuals. Sibling feelings toward the target child were related to both parental and target child factors, but only among families of individuals with IDD.

Sibling sex ratio and birth order in early-onset gender dysphoric adolescents.

PubMed

Schagen, Sebastian E E; Delemarre-van de Waal, Henriette A; Blanchard, Ray; Cohen-Kettenis, Peggy T

2012-06-01

Several sibship-related variables have been studied extensively in sexual orientation research, especially in men. Sibling sex ratio refers to the ratio of brothers to sisters in the aggregate sibships of a group of probands. Birth order refers to the probands' position (e.g., first-born, middle-born, last-born) within their sibships. Fraternal birth order refers to their position among male siblings only. Such research was extended in this study to a large group of early-onset gender dysphoric adolescents. The probands comprised 94 male-to-female and 95 female-to-male gender dysphoric adolescents. The overwhelming majority of these were homosexual or probably prehomosexual. The control group consisted of 875 boys and 914 girls from the TRAILS study. The sibling sex ratio of the gender dysphoric boys was very high (241 brothers per 100 sisters) compared with the expected ratio (106:100). The excess of brothers was more extreme among the probands' older siblings (300:100) than among their younger siblings (195:100). Between-groups comparisons showed that the gender dysphoric boys had significantly more older brothers, and significantly fewer older sisters and younger sisters, than did the control boys. In contrast, the only notable finding for the female groups was that the gender dysphoric girls had significantly fewer total siblings than did the control girls. The results for the male probands were consistent with prior speculations that a high fraternal birth order (i.e., an excess of older brothers) is found in all homosexual male groups, but an elevated sibling sex ratio (usually caused by an additional, smaller excess of younger brothers) is characteristic of gender dysphoric homosexual males. The mechanisms underlying these phenomena remain unknown.

Incest, gamete donation by siblings and the importance of the genetic link.

PubMed

Pennings, G

2002-01-01

Recently, several requests have emerged in which women wished to be impregnated with donor eggs fertilized with spermatozoa of their brother. An important argument advanced against such applications is that it is a kind of incest. Four definitions of incest are reviewed in this article to evaluate the acceptability of these demands. The first three (sexual intercourse, reproduction with gametes of first-degree relatives and symbolic incest) do not apply to the cases. However, when the sister and her brother intend to raise the child as social mother and father, these requests should be considered as "intentional incest". If the brother only functions as an uncle, the request of the woman resembles the currently accepted practice of oocyte donation from sister to sister. In that case, the wish to receive gametes from a first-degree relative is motivated by the wish to establish as far as possible a genetic link with the child.

The roles of adult siblings in the lives of people with severe intellectual and developmental disabilities.

PubMed

Hall, Sarah A; Rossetti, Zach

2018-05-01

Siblings of people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD) often assume key roles to support their brothers and sisters. For people with more significant support needs, siblings may undertake additional roles and responsibilities throughout their lives. The purpose of the present study was to identify and describe the roles of adult siblings who have a brother or sister with severe IDD. Seventy-nine adult siblings from 19 to 72 years of age completed an online survey with open-ended questions about the roles they play in their relationships with their brother or sister. Thematic analysis resulted in identification of several roles including caregiver, friend (social partner), advocate, legal representative, sibling (teacher/role model), leisure planner and informal service coordinator. Siblings assume key roles in the lives of people with IDD and need support from family and professionals to perform these roles. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Who is the Effective Volunteer: Characteristics of Successful Big Brothers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorelli, Irene M.; Appel, Victor H.

The demographic characteristics of the typical volunteer, taken from the personnel files of 208 current and previous volunteers of a Big Brothers agency, indicate the following profile. The modal Big Brother is usually Anglo-American, is a young adult aged 18 to 25, is a student or a full-time employed person, has some college education, lives in…

2006 Workplace and Gender Relations Survey of Active Duty Members: Administration, Datasets, and Codebook

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

education , time at sea, and field exercises/alerts. 10. In the past 12 months, how many nights have you been away from your permanent duty station...nmlkj nmlkj b. A friend? nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj c. A family member (e.g., parent , brother/sister)? nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj d. A chaplain...nmlkj nmlkj b. A friend? nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj c. A family member (e.g., parent , brother/sister)? nmlkj nmlkj nmlkj d. A chaplain

20 CFR 641.841 - What policies govern nepotism?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... followed. (c) For purposes of this section, “immediate family” means wife, husband, son, daughter, mother, father, brother, sister, son-in-law, daughter-in-law, mother- in-law, father-in-law, brother-in-law...

Mexican-American Adolescents' Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role of Sibling and Friend Characteristics.

PubMed

Perez-Brena, Norma J; Wheeler, Lorey A; Updegraff, Kimberly A; Schaefer, David R

2015-07-01

This study examined the role of sibling and friend characteristics in Mexican-American youth's gender-typed characteristics (i.e., attitudes, interests, and leisure activities) in early versus middle adolescence using a sibling design. Mexican-American 7th graders (M = 12.51 years; SD = .58) and their older siblings (M = 15.48 years; SD = 1.57) from 246 families participated in home interviews and a series of seven nightly phone calls. Results revealed that younger/early adolescent siblings reported more traditional gender role attitudes than their older/middle adolescent siblings and older brothers were more traditional in their attitudes than older sisters. When comparing siblings' gender-typed interests and leisure activities, boys reported more masculine orientations than girls and girls reported more feminine orientations than boys. Older brothers' gender-typed characteristics were associated with the amount of time spent with and gender characteristics of their friendship group, but for younger brothers, sibling characteristics were associated with their gender-typed characteristics. In contrast, both sibling and friendship characteristics were significantly associated with older and younger sisters' gender-typed characteristics. The discussion addressed the different correlates of older and younger sisters' and brothers' gender-typed characteristics.

Association among number, order and type of siblings and adolescent mental health at age 12.

PubMed

Liu, Jufen; Sekine, Michikazu; Tatsuse, Takashi; Fujimura, Yuko; Hamanishi, Shimako; Zheng, Xiaoying

2015-10-01

Although the sibling relationship is a unique one, the effects of the number and type of siblings on mental health among adolescents have not been reported. Japanese children (total, 9276; boys, 4654; girls, 4622), all 12 years old, and from the Japanese Toyama Birth Cohort Study, were followed up until 2002. Subject self-reported mental health was obtained from the Japanese version of the Dartmouth Primary Care Co-operative Project (COOP) charts. The associations between number and type of siblings and self-reported mental health were examined. There was a significant difference in mental health between different sibling pairs, with brother pairs and brother/sister pairs having a positive effect on adolescent mental health, compared with those in sister pairs. Girls with brothers had better self-reported mental health than those without. The adjusted OR of good mental health was 1.44 (95%CI:1.00-2.08) for those with an older brother and 1.67 (95%CI: 1.17-2.38) for those with a younger brother compared with those without. Boys with a younger sister had a higher OR of good self-reported health than those without (OR, 1.62; 95%CI: 1.08-2.43). Children with siblings had better mental health status than those without, which has practical implications for Asian countries and worldwide considering the declining fertility. © 2015 Japan Pediatric Society.

Intrafamilial Sexual Abuse: Brother-Sister Incest Does Not Differ from Father-Daughter and Stepfather-Stepdaughter Incest.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cyr, Mireille; Wright, John; McDuff, Pierre; Perron, Alain

2002-01-01

A study compared 72 girls (ages 5-16) sexually abused by brothers, fathers, or stepfathers. Results suggested few differences in characteristics of sexual abuse. However, penetration was much more frequent in the sibling incest group. More victims of fathers and brothers manifested clinically significant distress (90%), than stepfather victims…

Cowpox virus infection in two brothers with possible human to human transmission.

PubMed

Tamulyte, G; Lauraitis, J; Ganceviciene, R; Grigaitiene, J; Zouboulis, C C

2018-05-31

Two brothers from countryside were admitted to our centre with history of necrotic ulcers. Both of them were treated with oral and intravenous antibiotics, but treatment was ineffective. A 12-year-old boy had lesions on his head lasting for 4 weeks. Skin lesions started 1 week after he played with rats and neighbour's domestic calves, sheep and goats. Before the eruption occurred, the patient had subfebrile temperature and flu-like symptoms. Less severe eruption and symptoms were reported by his mother and 3-year-old sister. The 16-year-old boy had necrotic ulcers on the face. He had febrile temperature one week after his brother developed the eruption. The patient had close contact with his brother and sister but denied any contact with domestic or wild animals. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Rate of Family Violence Among Patients With Schizophrenia in Japan.

PubMed

Kageyama, Masako; Yokoyama, Keiko; Nagata, Satoko; Kita, Sachiko; Nakamura, Yukako; Kobayashi, Sayaka; Solomon, Phyllis

2015-09-01

Family violence is a serious concern in the era of deinstitutionalization in Japan. Consequently, we aimed to clarify the rate of family violence among patients with schizophrenia, and differences by sex and relationship to the patient. We asked households belonging to a family group association to complete a self-administered mail survey. Of 350 households that responded, data for 302 were analyzed. The rate of violence toward any family member was 60.9% over the lifetime and 27.2% in the past year. Order of lifetime rates for family members from highest to lowest was 51.0% for mothers, 47.0% for fathers, 30.7% for younger sisters, 23.8% for spouses, 19.5% for younger brothers, 18.2% for older sisters, 17.1% for older brothers, and none for children. Younger sisters were more likely to be victims compared to other siblings. Fathers and older brothers were likely to be victims when patients were male. © 2015 APJPH.

Gendered effects of siblings on child malnutrition in South Asia: cross-sectional analysis of demographic and health surveys from Bangladesh, India, and Nepal.

PubMed

Raj, Anita; McDougal, Lotus P; Silverman, Jay G

2015-01-01

This study examines the effects of number and sex of siblings on malnutrition of boys and girls under-5 in South Asia. Cross-sectional analyses were conducted on Demographic and Health Surveys data on children under-5 in Bangladesh (N = 7,861), India (N = 46,655) and Nepal (N = 2,475). Data were pooled across countries, and multinomial logistic regression was used to assess the relationship between number and sex of siblings and malnutrition outcomes (wasting, stunting, underweight; based on anthropometric data), adjusting for country and key social and maternal-child health indicators in sex stratified analyses. Number of brothers increased the odds for severe wasting [1 vs. 0 brothers adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.31, 95 % CI = 1.11, 1.55; 2 vs. 0 brothers AOR = 1.36, 95 % CI = 1.07, 1.73] for girls but not boys. Having more male siblings and more female siblings increased the odds of stunting for boys and girls, but effect of 3+ sisters on severe stunting was significantly stronger for girls than boys (girls- 3+ vs. 0 sisters AOR = 2.25, 95 % CI = 1.88, 2.70; boys- 3+ vs. 0 sisters AOR = 1.37, 95 % CI = 1.13, 1.67). For underweight, three or more sisters increased the odds for severe underweight for girls (AOR = 1.27, 95 % CI = 1.04, 1.57) but not boys. Having brothers heightens girl risk for acute malnutrition (wasting), where having multiple sisters increases girl risk for chronic malnutrition (stunting/underweight). Boy malnutrition is less affected by siblings. Findings suggest that issues of son preference/daughter aversion may affect child malnutrition in South Asia.

Sexually Antagonistic Zygotic Drive: A New Form of Genetic Conflict between the Sex Chromosomes

PubMed Central

Friberg, Urban; Rice, William R.

2015-01-01

Sisters and brothers are completely unrelated with respect to the sex chromosomes they inherit from their heterogametic parent. This has the potential to result in a previously unappreciated form of genetic conflict between the sex chromosomes, called sexually antagonistic zygotic drive (SA-ZD). SA-ZD can arise whenever brothers and sisters compete over limited resources or there is brother–sister mating coupled with inbreeding depression. Although theory predicts that SA-ZD should be common and influence important evolutionary processes, there is little empirical evidence for its existence. Here we discuss the current understanding of SA-ZD, why it would be expected to elude empirical detection when present, and how it relates to other forms of genetic conflict. PMID:25573714

Birth order and sibling sex ratio in homosexual transsexual South Korean men: Effects of the male-preference stopping rule.

PubMed

Zucker, Kenneth J; Blanchard, Ray; Kim, Tae-Suk; Pae, Chi-Un; Lee, Chul

2007-10-01

Two biodemographic variables - birth order and sibling sex ratio - have been examined in several Western samples of homosexual transsexual men. The results have consistently shown that homosexual transsexuals have a later birth order and come from sibships with an excess of brothers to sisters; the excess of brothers has been largely driven by the number of older brothers and hence has been termed the fraternal birth order effect. In the present study the birth order and sibling sex ratio were examined in an Asian sample of 43 homosexual transsexual men and 49 heterosexual control men from South Korea. Although the transsexual men had a significantly late birth order, so did the control men. Unlike Western samples, the Korean transsexuals had a significant excess of sisters, not brothers, as did the control men, and this was largely accounted for by older sisters. It is concluded that a male-preference stopping rule governing parental reproductive behavior had a strong impact on these two biodemographic variables. Future studies that examine birth order and sibling sex ratio in non-Western samples of transsexuals need to be vigilant for the influential role of stopping rules, including the one identified in the present study.

Family and sexual orientation: the family-demographic correlates of homosexuality in men and women.

PubMed

Francis, Andrew M

2008-01-01

Using a nationally representative sample of young adults, I identify the family-demographic correlates of sexual orientation in men and women. Hence, I test the maternal immune hypothesis, which posits that the only biodemographic correlate of male homosexuality is the number of older brothers, and there are no biodemographic correlates of female homosexuality. For men, I find that having one older brother does not raise the likelihood of homosexuality. Although having multiple older brothers has a positive coefficient, it is not significant. Moreover, having any older sisters lowers the likelihood of homosexual or bisexual identity. For women, I find that having an older brother or having any sisters decreases the likelihood of homosexuality. Family structure, ethnicity, and education are also significantly correlated with male and female sexual orientation. Therefore, the maternal immune hypothesis cannot explain the entire pattern of family-demographic correlates. The findings are consistent with either biological or social theories of sexual orientation.

Siblings' experiences of having a brother or sister with autism and mental retardation: a case study of 14 siblings from five families.

PubMed

Benderix, Ylva; Sivberg, Bengt

2007-10-01

The aim of this study was to describe the present and past experiences of 14 siblings from five families in terms of having a brother or sister with autism and mental retardation. Personal interviews were conducted with the siblings before their brothers or sisters were moved to a newly opened group home. Qualitative content analysis was used for the analysis of the transcribed texts. The analysis resulted in seven content categories: precocious responsibility, feeling sorry, exposed to frightening behavior, empathetic feelings, hoping that a group home will be a relief, physical violence made siblings feel unsafe and anxious, and relations with friends were affected negatively. The conclusion is that these siblings' experiences revealed stressful life conditions. Counseling for the family and for siblings is recommended to help them deal with their feelings and problems. For the siblings in these five families, a group home was a relevant alternative as a temporary or permanent placement for the child with autism and mental retardation.

Big brothers and little sisters? Sex selection and birth order.

PubMed

Salmon, Catherine

2007-09-01

Should you be allowed to choose the sex of your child? Even before the advent of modern reproductive technologies, people have expressed interest in producing a child of a specific sex, trying everything from herbal treatments to sexual positions that have been claimed to produce a male or female child. Modern technologies such as flow cytometry make this a realistic possibility but what might the consequences be? In India and China, a preference for male offspring has led (via abortion) to a significant sex-ratio imbalance in those populations. Do other countries express strong preferences for male or female offspring? This article will address the possible birth order implications. Will we live in a world of first-born boys and second-born girls?

Fraternal Birth Order, Family Size, and Male Homosexuality: Meta-Analysis of Studies Spanning 25 Years.

PubMed

Blanchard, Ray

2018-01-01

The fraternal birth order effect is the tendency for older brothers to increase the odds of homosexuality in later-born males. This study compared the strength of the effect in subjects from small versus large families and in homosexual subjects with masculine versus feminine gender identities. Meta-analyses were conducted on 30 homosexual and 30 heterosexual groups from 26 studies, totaling 7140 homosexual and 12,837 heterosexual males. The magnitude of the fraternal birth order effect was measured with a novel variable, the Older Brothers Odds Ratio, computed as (homosexuals' older brothers ÷ homosexuals' other siblings) ÷ (heterosexuals' older brothers ÷ heterosexuals' other siblings), where other siblings = older sisters + younger brothers + younger sisters. An Older Brothers Odds Ratio of 1.00 represents no effect of sexual orientation; values over 1.00 are positive evidence for the fraternal birth order effect. Evidence for the reliability of the effect was consistent. The Older Brothers Odds Ratio was significantly >1.00 in 20 instances, >1.00 although not significantly in nine instances, and nonsignificantly <1.00 in 1 instance. The pooled Older Brothers Odds Ratio for all samples was 1.47, p < .00001. Subgroups analyses showed that the magnitude of the effect was significantly greater in the 12 feminine or transgender homosexual groups than in the other 18 homosexual groups. There was no evidence that the magnitude of the effect differs according to family size.

Sibling composition during childhood and adult blood pressure among native Amazonians in Bolivia.

PubMed

Zeng, Wu; Undurraga, Eduardo A; Nyberg, Colleen; Eisenberg, Dan T A; Parida, Sabita; Zycherman, Ariela; Magvanjav, Oyunbileg; Reyes-García, Victoria; Tanner, Susan; Godoy, Ricardo

2013-07-01

Sibling configuration, including birth order, or the number, age, and sex of siblings is associated with parental resource allocation between children and is thus associated with a person's well-being. Little is known about the association between specific types of siblings and adult health outcomes. Here we test several hypotheses about sibling composition (number of older brothers, older sisters, younger sisters, younger brothers) and adult blood pressure in a foraging-farming society of native Amazonians in Bolivia (Tsimane'). We collected data in 2007 from 374 adults (16-60years of age) from 196 households in 13 villages. Household random-effects multiple regressions were run using systolic (SBP) or diastolic blood pressure (DBP) as outcomes; covariates included the four sibling categories and control variables (e.g., sex, age, education, body mass index [BMI]). Mean SBP and DBP were 114 (SD=14) and 66 (SD=11)mmHg. The prevalence of hypertension was 5.08%. Having an additional younger brother bore a small (3.3-5.9%) positive association with both SBP and DBP, with the effect weakening as people aged. Having an additional younger sister was associated with a small (3.8%) increase in SBP among women, with the magnitude shrinking as people aged. In a large family, the number of younger brothers may exert an impact on an individual's blood pressure. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Life Events, Genetic Susceptibility, and Smoking among Adolescents

PubMed Central

Pampel, Fred C.; Boardman, Jason D.; Daw, Jonathan; Stallings, Michael C.; Smolen, Andrew; Haberstick, Brett; Widaman, Keith F.; Neppl, Tricia K.; Conger, Rand D.

2015-01-01

Although stressful life events during adolescence are associated with the adoption of unhealthy behaviors such as smoking, both social circumstances and physical traits can moderate the relationship. This study builds on the stress paradigm and gene-environment approach to social behavior by examining how a polymorphism in the serotonin transporter gene 5-HTTLPR moderates the effect of life events on adolescent smoking. Tests of interaction hypotheses use data from the Family Transitions Project, a longitudinal study of 7th graders followed for 5 years. A sibling-pair design with separate models for the gender composition of pairs (brothers, sisters, or brother/sister) controls for unmeasured family background. The results show that negative life events are significantly and positively associated with smoking. Among brother pairs but not other pairs, the results provide evidence of gene-environment interaction by showing that life events more strongly influence smoking behavior for those with more copies of the 5-HTTLPR S allele. PMID:26463545

Sibship size and self-reported inhalant allergy among adult women. ALSPAC Study Team.

PubMed

Strachan, D P; Harkins, L S; Golding, J

1997-02-01

An association of allergic sensitization with small families and low birth order has been described and attributed to a protective effect of early infection. The influence of like-sex and unlike-sex siblings has not been investigated, although the severity of viral infections may be greater if acquired from unlike-sex siblings. To investigate the association of self-reported inhalant allergy with family composition. Reports of allergy to grass, dust or cats by 11042 pregnant women recruited to a longitudinal study of pregnancy and childhood in Avon, UK, were analysed in relation to respondent's age, maternal age and sibship composition (older and younger brothers and sisters) by multiple logistic regression. The prevalence of self-reported inhalant allergy decreased with increasing numbers of brothers (test for trend: P < 0.0001), but was unrelated to the number of sisters. The unadjusted prevalences for subjects with none, one, two and three or more brothers were 26%, 23%, 20% and 17%, respectively. The corresponding prevalences for numbers of sisters were 23%, 24%, 22% and 23%. After adjustment for total sibship size, offspring of older mothers were more likely to report allergy (test for trend: P < 0.001), but there was no association with position in the sibship. Although it is not possible to determine whether brothers specifically, or unlike-sex siblings in general, are inversely associated with inhalant allergy, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis that patterns of sibling interaction within young families influence the risk of future aeroallergen sensitization.

The Effect of Siblings' Education on School-Entry in the Ethiopian Highlands

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lindskog, Annika

2013-01-01

The effects of sisters' and brothers' education on the annual school entry probability of boys and girls in rural Amhara are estimated, using within-household variation. There are negative effects of younger siblings' school attendance on girls' school entry, and positive effects of older brothers' literacy only when they have left school. This is…

Learning English through Social Interaction: The Case of "Big Brother 2006," Finland

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kaanta, Leila; Jauni, Heidi; Leppanen, Sirpa; Peuronen, Saija; Paakkinen, Terhi

2013-01-01

In line with recent Conversation Analytic work on language learning as situated practice, this article investigates how interactants can create language learning opportunities for themselves and others in and through social interaction. The study shows how the participants of "Big Brother Finland," a reality TV show, whose main…

Sibling relationships of children with autistic, mentally retarded, and nonhandicapped brothers and sisters.

PubMed

McHale, S M; Sloan, J; Simeonsson, R J

1986-12-01

The subjects were 90 children between 6 and 15 years of age, 30 with autistic, 30 with mentally retarded, and 30 with nonhandicapped brothers or sisters. The children were questioned about their sibling relationships in an open-ended interview, and, in the case of children with handicapped siblings, they also responded to questions about particular problems they faced in regard to their brothers or sisters. In addition, mothers filled out a behavior rating scale in which they described the positive and negative aspects of their children's behavior toward the sibling. In general, children and mothers rated the sibling relationships positively. Group comparisons indicated that children with autistic and mentally retarded siblings did not differ on any self-report measures. Children with nonhandicapped siblings reported that their family relations were slightly more cohesive but otherwise did not differ in terms of their self-reports from children with handicapped siblings. Mothers of nonhandicapped children, however, rated the sibling relationships more negatively than did mothers of handicapped children. Further analyses revealed that status variables (age, gender, family size) were not as highly correlated with the quality of sibling relationships with handicapped children as were specific problem areas (e.g., perceptions of parental favoritism, coping ability, concerns about the handicapped child's future).

Effectiveness of Medium-Chain Triglyceride Oil Therapy in Two Japanese Citrin-Deficient Siblings: Evaluation Using Oral Glucose Tolerance Tests.

PubMed

Otsuka, Hiroki; Sasai, Hideo; Abdelkreem, Elsayed; Kawamoto, Norio; Kawamoto, Minako; Kamiya, Toshiya; Tanimoto, Yasuo; Kikuchi, Atsuo; Kure, Shigeo; Numakura, Chikahiko; Hayasaka, Kiyoshi; Fukao, Toshiyuki

2016-12-01

Citrin deficiency, an inherited defect of the liver-type mitochondrial aspartate/glutamate carrier isoform (citrin), may cause impairment of glycolysis because of an increase in the cytosolic NADH/NAD + ratio. We report a Japanese boy whose main complaint was recurrent hypoglycemic episodes. He was suspected as having citrin deficiency because of his peculiar preference for protein- and fat-rich food. His young sister also had a similar food preference. Both siblings were diagnosed with citrin deficiency by genetic analysis. The brother and sister underwent an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at 10 and 7 yr of age, respectively. Blood glucose, ammonia, lactic acid, pyruvic acid, and insulin levels were monitored before starting the test, and then every 30 min. During this test, they maintained blood glucose levels until 180 min. At 210 min, they experienced vomiting, feeling ill, and decreased blood glucose levels (2.9 and 2.8 mmol/l in the brother and sister, respectively). The sister and brother recovered uneventfully by intravenous glucose injection. In a second OGTT, 4 months after medium-chain triglyceride (MCT) oil supplementation, they had no major symptoms and normal glucose levels were maintained, even after 240 min. Additionally, after MCT oil therapy, their food preference slightly changed as they started eating more carbohydrates. Our OGTT data suggest excess carbohydrate intake has adverse consequences in patients with citrin deficiency, including hypoglycemia after a few hours. MCT oil therapy may be effective in preventing such hypoglycemia and improving metabolic derangement, even during the so-called apparently healthy period.

Sibling Relationships: Parent-Child Agreement and Contributions of Siblings With and Without ASD.

PubMed

Braconnier, Megan L; Coffman, Marika C; Kelso, Nicole; Wolf, Julie M

2018-05-01

Research on the experiences of siblings of individuals with ASD and the quality of their sibling relationships has yielded mixed results. The present study examined the significance of parent- versus child-report of both positive and negative behaviors exhibited by siblings and their brothers and sisters with ASD within sibling dyads. Findings indicated that siblings were more positive in their assessment of the sibling relationship than were their parents. Siblings exhibited more positive behaviors within the sibling relationship than did their brothers and sisters with ASD, and were recipients of aggression. These findings are consistent with prior research suggesting that siblings tend to take on a caretaking role, and point to important targets for intervention.

The determination of the tribe of family members in Luhak Limopuluh Koto, West Sumatera Indonesia

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bahri, S.; Abbas, A.; Bakar, N. N.

2018-01-01

In this paper, some mathematical models that state the tribe of the family members in Nagari Luhak Limopuluh Koto West Sumatera, Indonesia were built. The models were constructed by using the marriage rule and the ethnic data of Minangkabau community which embrace the matrilineal system. The marriage rule prohibits the same inter-tribal marriage while the matrilineal system causes the mother, child, and sibling tribes to be equal. Therefore, the matrices formed by marriage rule, mother-son tribal relation, someone-his/her sibling tribal relation, and the transpose of the matrices, are used in matrix multiplication to obtain the tribal models. The models are consecutively A, AC’, (AC’)B, ((AC’)B)W’, ((AC’)B)C, ((AC’)B)W, ((AC’)W’ for Denai, Denai’s mother, the sister of Denai’s mother, the brother of Denai’s mother, the husband of Denai’s mother’s sister, the son of Denai’s mother’s sister, the wife of Denai’s mother’s brother, and the Denai’s father models.

Quantitative and theoretical analyses of the relation between older brothers and homosexuality in men.

PubMed

Blanchard, Ray

2004-09-21

Meta-analysis of aggregate data from 14 samples representing 10,143 male subjects shows that homosexuality in human males is predicted by higher numbers of older brothers, but not by higher numbers of older sisters, younger brothers, or younger sisters. The relation between number of older brothers and sexual orientation holds only for males. This phenomenon has therefore been called the fraternal birth order effect. Research on birth order, birth weight, and sexual orientation suggests that the developmental pathway to homosexuality initiated by older brothers operates during prenatal life. Calculations assuming a causal relation between older brothers and sexual orientation have estimated the proportion of homosexual men who owe their sexual orientation to fraternal birth order at 15% in one study and 29% in another. The maternal immune hypothesis proposes that the fraternal birth order effect reflects the progressive immunization of some mothers to male-specific antigens by each succeeding male fetus and the increasing effects of such immunization on sexual differentiation of the brain in each succeeding male fetus. There are at least three possible mechanisms by which the mother's immune response could influence the fetus: the transfer of anti-male antibodies across the placenta from the maternal into the fetal compartment, the transfer of maternal cytokines across the placenta, and maternal immune reactions affecting the placenta itself. This hypothesis is consistent with recent studies showing that the quantity of fetal cells that enter the maternal circulation is greater than previously thought, and that the number of male-specific proteins encoded by Y-chromosome genes is greater than previously thought.

7 CFR 1779.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... marriage, or within the same household, such as a spouse, parent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle..., liability, property damage, flood or mudslide, worker's compensation, fidelity bond, malpractice, or any...

7 CFR 1779.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... marriage, or within the same household, such as a spouse, parent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle..., liability, property damage, flood or mudslide, worker's compensation, fidelity bond, malpractice, or any...

7 CFR 1779.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... marriage, or within the same household, such as a spouse, parent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle..., liability, property damage, flood or mudslide, worker's compensation, fidelity bond, malpractice, or any...

A multilevel analysis of health-related physical fitness. The Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle and health

PubMed Central

Pereira, Sara; Todd Katzmarzyk, Peter; Gomes, Thayse Natacha; Souza, Michele; Chaves, Raquel Nichele; dos Santos, Fernanda Karina; Santos, Daniel; Hedeker, Donald; Maia, José

2017-01-01

This study investigates biological, behavioural and sociodemographic correlates of intra-pair similarities, and estimates sibling resemblance in health-related physical fitness (PF). The sample comprises 1101 biological siblings (525 females) aged 9–20 years. PF components and markers were: morphological [waist circumference (WC) and %body fat (%BF)], muscular [handgrip strength (GS) and standing long jump (SLJ)], motor [50-yard dash (50YD) and shuttle run (SR)], and cardiorespiratory (1-mile run). Biological maturation was assessed; physical activity (PA), TV viewing and socioeconomic status (SES) information was obtained. On average, older and more mature subjects are better performers in all PF components; PA was negatively associated with SR, while SES was negatively associated with SLJ and SR. A pattern was observed in the intraclass correlations (ρ) wherein same sex siblings demonstrate greater resemblance for most PF components (sister-sister: 0.35≤ ρ≤0.55; brother-brother: (0.25≤ρ≤0.60) than brother-sister pairs (BS) (0≤ρ≤0.15), except for %BF (ρBB>ρSS>ρBS), and the 1-mile run (ρSS>ρBS>ρBB). In conclusion, behavioural and sociodemographic correlates play different roles in siblings PF expression. Further, a significant familial PF resemblance was observed with different trends in different sibling types, probably due to variations in shared genetic factors and sociodemographic conditions. PMID:28187195

Intrafamilial sexual abuse: brother-sister incest does not differ from father-daughter and stepfather-stepdaughter incest.

PubMed

Cyr, Mireille; Wright, John; McDuff, Pierre; Perron, Alain

2002-09-01

Three groups of girls who were sexually abused (by either brothers, fathers, or stepfathers) were compared. The purpose was to identify the differing characteristics of the abuse, the family environments, and the psychosocial distress of these children. Seventy-two girls aged between 5 and 16 were assigned to one of the three groups. Subjects were matched between groups on the basis of their actual age. Children completed measures of traumatic stress; their mothers completed the Child Behavior Checklist-Parent Report Form (CBCL) and other self-report questionnaires on family characteristics. Workers in child protective services completed information regarding the nature and severity of the abuse. Results suggested few differences in the characteristics of sexual abuse between the three groups. However, penetration was much more frequent in the sibling incest group (70.8%) than in the stepfather incest (27.3%) or father incest (34.8%) groups. Ninety percent of the victims of fathers and brothers manifested clinically-significant distress on at least one measure, whereas 63.6% of stepfather victims did. Compared with father and stepfather perpetrators, brothers were raised in families with more children and more alcohol abuse. The authors conclude that the characteristics of brother-sister incest and its associated psychosocial distress did not differ from the characteristics of father-daughter incest These findings suggest that theoretical models and clinical practices should be adjusted accordingly and that sibling incest should not necessarily be construed as less severe or harmful than father-daughter incest.

Varicella (Chickenpox) Vaccine

MedlinePlus

ProQuad® (as a combination product containing Measles Vaccine, Mumps Vaccine, Rubella Vaccine, Varicella Vaccine) ... Has a parent, brother, or sister with a history of immune system problems. Is taking salicylates (such ...

On PMWs and two-stroke engines.

PubMed Central

Bell, W.; Yassi, A.; Cole, D. C.

1998-01-01

On Saturday, August 24, 1996, a 40-year-old man from Edmonton was riding a personal motorized watercraft (PMW, a Seadoo or Jet Ski type of machine) on Shuswap Lake, in south-central British Columbia. He was approximately 200 m offshore. The man motioned to his sister, who was riding another PMW, to follow him across the lake. She did so, but as the turned her head to check for other boat traffic, her brother suddenly slowed down and her machine rode right up on his back, crushing him against his handlebars. His sister, a nurse, held her brother's head above water until help arrived but, 48 minutes after the moment of impact, he was pronounced dead at the Shuswap Lake General Hospital. He had suffered a ruptured aorta. PMID:9789655

Predictors of Helping Profession Choice and Volunteerism among Siblings of Adults with Mild Intellectual Deficits

PubMed Central

Taylor, Julie Lounds; Shivers, Carolyn M.

2013-01-01

This study examined aspects of the sibling relationship that predicted altruistic behaviors in siblings of individuals with mild intellectual deficits at three time points in adulthood: in their mid 30s, early 50s, and mid 60s. We identified 393 such siblings from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, a prospective longitudinal study that followed participants from ages 18 to 64. Being an only sibling, being older than the brother or sister with mild intellectual deficits, as well as having more contact with and feeling closer to the brother or sister predicted more altruistic behavior in adulthood for female siblings, but not for males. Earlier measures of contact and closeness between siblings were better indicators of altruistic behaviors than concurrent measures. PMID:21740255

Adolescent Siblings of Individuals with an Autism Spectrum Disorder: Testing a Diathesis-Stress Model of Sibling Well-Being

PubMed Central

Seltzer, Marsha Mailick

2010-01-01

The purpose of this study was to test a diathesis-stress model of well-being for siblings who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Data were collected from 57 adolescents and their mothers. Sisters reported higher levels of depressive and anxiety symptoms than brothers. Having a family history of ASDs was associated with depressive, but not anxiety, symptoms. A high level of maternal depression was also associated with more depressive and anxiety symptoms. A diathesis-stress model was partially supported, primarily through the findings that sibling sub-threshold autism characteristics were associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms in siblings, but only in the presence of a high number of stressful life events. PMID:19291379

Diabetes Fact Sheet

MedlinePlus

... is an autoimmune disease, meaning the body's immune (defense) system attacks and destroys the cells in the ... Age: It often develops in childhood. Family health history: Having a parent or brother or sister with ...

20 CFR 725.101 - Definition and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... any surviving spouse, divorced spouse, child, parent, brother or sister, who is entitled to benefits...) Person means an individual, partnership, association, corporation, firm, subsidiary or parent of a...

Sister-sister incest: data from an anonymous computerized survey.

PubMed

Stroebel, Sandra S; O'Keefe, Stephen L; Griffee, Karen; Kuo, Shih-Ya; Beard, Keith W; Kommor, Martin J

2013-01-01

Retrospective data were entered anonymously by 1,521 adult women using a computer-assisted self-interview. Thirty-one participants were victims of sister-sister incest, 40 were victims of brother-sister incest, 19 were victims of father-daughter incest, 8 were victims of sexual abuse by an adult female (including one mother), and 232 were victims of sexual abuse by an adult male other than their father before reaching 18 years of age. The rest (1,203) served as controls. The victims of sister-sister incest had significantly more problematic outcomes than controls on many measures as adults. Victims of sister-sister incest were more depressed and more likely than controls to be distant from the perpetrator-sister and to have traded sex for money, experienced an unplanned pregnancy, engaged in four different types of masturbation, and engaged in 13 different same-sex behaviors. Our findings were consistent with other reports of early eroticization and persistent hypereroticization of incest victims.

"My Brother Likes Meeting New People, but Don't Ask Him Any Direct Questions": Involving Adults with Autism plus Learning Disability in a Qualitative Research Project

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tozer, Rosemary; Atkin, Karl; Wenham, Aniela

2014-01-01

Adult siblings of people with autism and a learning disability have hitherto been largely overlooked by research, policy and practice in the UK. As part of a qualitative study focussing on adult siblings, we met twelve people with autism plus severe learning disability with their brother or sister. Individually tailored resources were used to make…

20 CFR 725.101 - Definition and use of terms.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... any surviving spouse, divorced spouse, child, parent, brother or sister, who is entitled to benefits..., partnership, association, corporation, firm, subsidiary or parent of a corporation, or other organization or...

Diabetic Heart Disease

MedlinePlus

... if your father or a brother was diagnosed with heart disease before 55 years of age, or if your mother or a sister was diagnosed with heart disease before 65 years of age. Preeclampsia (pre-e- ...

38 CFR 17.170 - Autopsies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... the state where the autopsy will be performed, consists of a number of persons such as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc., permission to perform an autopsy may be accepted when granted by the...

Mentoring Program Enhancements Supporting Effective Mentoring of Children of Incarcerated Parents.

PubMed

Stump, Kathryn N; Kupersmidt, Janis B; Stelter, Rebecca L; Rhodes, Jean E

2018-04-26

Children of incarcerated parents (COIP) are at risk for a range of negative outcomes; however, participating in a mentoring relationship can be a promising intervention for these youth. This study examined the impact of mentoring and mentoring program enhancements on COIP. Secondary data analyses were conducted on an archival database consisting of 70,729 matches from 216 Big Brothers Big Sisters (BBBS) local agencies to establish the differential effects of mentoring on COIP. A subset of 45 BBBS agencies, representing 25,252 matches, participated in a telephone interview about program enhancements for better serving COIP. Results revealed that enhanced program practices, including having specific program goals, providing specialized mentor training, and receiving additional funding resulted in better outcomes for COIP matches. Specifically, specialized mentor training and receiving additional funding for serving matches containing COIP were associated with longer and stronger matches. Having specific goals for serving COIP was associated with higher educational expectations in COIP. Results are discussed in terms of benefits of a relationship-based intervention for addressing the needs of COIP and suggestions for program improvements when mentoring programs are serving this unique population of youth. © Society for Community Research and Action 2018.

What Is a Heart Attack?

MedlinePlus

... if your father or a brother was diagnosed with heart disease before 55 years of age, or if your mother or a sister was diagnosed with heart disease before 65 years of age. Preeclampsia (pre-e- ...

Understanding Adolescent Delinquency: The Role of Older Siblings’ Delinquency and Popularity with Peers

PubMed Central

Craine, Jessica L.; Tanaka, Teri A.; Nishina, Adrienne; Conger, Katherine J.

2009-01-01

The present study examined delinquency concordance and the moderating effects of younger sibling perceptions of older sibling popularity in a sample of 587 adolescent sibling pairs. Using a social learning framework, and taking dyad composition into account, perceptions of popularity were hypothesized to strengthen siblings’ concordance for delinquency. Older sibling delinquency significantly predicted younger sibling delinquency. Older sibling popularity was not important in predicting boys’ delinquency. However, perceptions of older sibling popularity directly predicted reduced delinquency for girls with older sisters. A significant interaction effect was found for girls with older brothers. Older brother delinquency predicted girls’ delinquency for girls who perceived their older brother to be relatively popular. There was no delinquency concordance for girls who perceived their older brothers to be less popular. PMID:20305731

Incestuous sisters: mate preference for brothers over unrelated males in Drosophila melanogaster.

PubMed

Loyau, Adeline; Cornuau, Jérémie H; Clobert, Jean; Danchin, Etienne

2012-01-01

The literature is full of examples of inbreeding avoidance, while recent mathematical models predict that inbreeding tolerance or even inbreeding preference should be expected under several realistic conditions like e.g. polygyny. We investigated male and female mate preferences with respect to relatedness in the fruit fly D. melanogaster. Experiments offered the choice between a first order relative (full-sibling or parent) and an unrelated individual with the same age and mating history. We found that females significantly preferred mating with their brothers, thus supporting inbreeding preference. Moreover, females did not avoid mating with their fathers, and males did not avoid mating with their sisters, thus supporting inbreeding tolerance. Our experiments therefore add empirical evidence for inbreeding preference, which strengthens the prediction that inbreeding tolerance and preference can evolve under specific circumstances through the positive effects on inclusive fitness.

Birth order and sibling sex ratio of children and adolescents referred to a gender identity service.

PubMed

Vanderlaan, Doug P; Blanchard, Ray; Wood, Hayley; Zucker, Kenneth J

2014-01-01

In adult male samples, homosexuality is associated with a preponderance of older brothers (i.e., the fraternal birth order effect). In several studies comparing gender dysphoric youth, who are likely to be homosexual in adulthood, to clinical or non-clinical control groups, the findings have been consistent with the fraternal birth order effect in males; however, less is known about unique sibship characteristics of gender dysphoric females. The current study investigated birth order and sibling sex ratio in a large sample of children and adolescents referred to the same Gender Identity Service (N = 768). Probands were classified as heterosexual males, homosexual males, or homosexual females based on clinical diagnostic information. Groups differed significantly in age and sibship size, and homosexual females were significantly more likely to be only children. Subsequent analyses controlled for age and for sibship size. Compared to heterosexual males, homosexual males had a significant preponderance of older brothers and homosexual females had a significant preponderance of older sisters. Similarly, the older sibling sex ratio of homosexual males showed a significant excess of brothers whereas that of homosexual females showed a significant excess of sisters. Like previous studies of gender dysphoric youth and adults, these findings were consistent with the fraternal birth order effect. In addition, the greater frequency of only children and elevated numbers of older sisters among the homosexual female group adds to a small literature on sibship characteristics of potential relevance to the development of gender identity and sexual orientation in females.

Multilevel modelling of somatotype components: the Portuguese sibling study on growth, fitness, lifestyle and health.

PubMed

Pereira, Sara; Katzmarzyk, Peter T; Gomes, Thayse Natacha; Souza, Michele; Chaves, Raquel N; Santos, Fernanda K Dos; Santos, Daniel; Hedeker, Donald; Maia, José A R

2017-06-01

Somatotype is a complex trait influenced by different genetic and environmental factors as well as by other covariates whose effects are still unclear. To (1) estimate siblings' resemblance in their general somatotype; (2) identify sib-pair (brother-brother (BB), sister-sister (SS), brother-sister (BS)) similarities in individual somatotype components; (3) examine the degree to which between and within variances differ among sib-ships; and (4) investigate the effects of physical activity (PA) and family socioeconomic status (SES) on these relationships. The sample comprises 1058 Portuguese siblings (538 females) aged 9-20 years. Somatotype was calculated using the Health-Carter method, while PA and SES information was obtained by questionnaire. Multi-level modelling was done in SuperMix software. Older subjects showed the lowest values for endomorphy and mesomorphy, but the highest values for ectomorphy; and more physically active subjects showed the highest values for mesomorphy. In general, the familiality of somatotype was moderate (ρ = 0.35). Same-sex siblings had the strongest resemblance (endomorphy: ρ SS > ρ BB > ρ BS ; mesomorphy: ρ BB = ρ SS > ρ BS ; ectomorphy: ρ BB > ρ SS > ρ BS ). For the ectomorphy and mesomorphy components, BS pairs showed the highest between sib-ship variance, but the lowest within sib-ship variance; while for endomorphy BS showed the lowest between and within sib-ship variances. These results highlight the significant familial effects on somatotype and the complexity of the role of familial resemblance in explaining variance in somatotypes.

Psychological health in siblings who lost a brother or sister to cancer 2 to 9 years earlier.

PubMed

Eilegård, Alexandra; Steineck, Gunnar; Nyberg, Tommy; Kreicbergs, Ulrika

2013-03-01

The objective of this study was to assess long-term psychological distress in siblings who lost a brother or sister to cancer 2 to 9 years earlier, as compared with a control group of non-bereaved siblings from the general population. During 2009, we conducted a nationwide follow-up study in Sweden by using an anonymous study-specific questionnaire. Siblings who had lost a brother or sister to cancer between the years 2000 and 2007 and also a control group of non-bereaved siblings from the general population were invited to participate. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) was used to measure psychological distress, and to test for differences in the ordinal outcome responses between the groups, we used Wilcoxon-Mann-Whitney rank-sum test. Among the bereaved siblings, 174/240 (73%) participated and 219/293 (75%) among the non-bereaved. Self-assessed low self-esteem (p = 0.002), difficulties falling asleep (p = 0.005), and low level of personal maturity (p = 0.007) at follow-up were more prevalent among bereaved siblings. However, anxiety (p = 0.298) and depression (p = 0.946), according to HADS, were similar. Bereaved siblings are at increased risk of low self-esteem, low level of personal maturity and difficulties falling asleep as compared with non-bereaved peers. Yet, the bereaved were not more likely to report anxiety or depression. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Impact of social support on bereaved siblings' anxiety: a nationwide follow-up.

PubMed

Eilertsen, Mary-Elizabeth Bradley; Eilegård, Alexandra; Steineck, Gunnar; Nyberg, Tommy; Kreicbergs, Ulrika

2013-01-01

To assess adolescent and young adult siblings' perception of social support prior to and following the loss of their brother or sister to cancer, 2 to 9 years earlier, and their anxiety at follow-up. In 2009, 174 (73%) bereaved siblings (12-25 years) participated in a nationwide, long-term follow-up study in Sweden using an anonymous study-specific questionnaire. The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale was used to measure self-assessed anxiety. Siblings had a higher risk of anxiety if they perceived their need for social support was unsatisfied during their brother or sisters' last month before death, relative risk (RR) = 3.6 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.8-7.3); time after death, RR = 2.9 (95% CI = 1.5-5.6); and at follow-up, RR = 3.8 (95% CI = 2.0-7.2). Furthermore, a higher risk for anxiety was shown for siblings if they did not perceive that their parents and neighbors cared for them after their brother or sisters' death, RR = 2.7 (95% CI = 1.3-5.5), RR = 5.4 (95% CI = 1.3-21.9), respectively. Bereaved siblings had a greater probability to report self-assessed anxiety if they perceived that their need for social support was not satisfied prior to and following death. Information from both nurses and other health care professionals to families about the impact of social support may contribute to lessen the siblings' risk of anxiety.

Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio in a Population with High Fertility: Are Turkish Male to Female Transsexuals Different?

PubMed

Bozkurt, Ali; Bozkurt, Ozlem Hekim; Sonmez, Ipek

2015-07-01

Western studies have consistently found that androphilic (sexually attracted to men) male-to-female transsexuals have a later birth order and a relative excess of brothers compared with appropriate control participants. However, non-Western studies on birth order and sibling sex ratio in androphilic males (transsexual or non-transsexual) are rare. The objective of the study was to test the hypothesis that androphilic male-to-female transsexuals have a late birth order and a relative excess of brothers in a non-Western culture with a higher fertility rate. The participants were 60 androphilic male-to-female transsexuals and 61 male heterosexual controls. The transsexual participants had significantly more older brothers than the control participants, but the groups did not differ in their numbers of older sisters, younger brothers, or younger sisters. The foregoing pattern is usually referred to as the "fraternal birth order effect." Slater's and Berglin's Indexes both showed that the mean birth order of the control participants was very close to that expected from a random sample drawn from a demographically stable population whereas the mean birth order of the transsexual participants was later. A measure of sibship composition, brothers/all siblings, showed that the transsexual group had a higher proportion of male siblings compared with the control group. In conclusion, the present study found that Turkish androphilic male-to-female transsexuals show the same high fraternal birth order that has been found in comparable androphilic samples in Western Europe, North America, and the South Pacific, which suggests a common underlying biological causal mechanism.

42 CFR 51c.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, sex. (2) No more than one-half of the remaining... employee of the center, or spouse or child, parent, brother or sister by blood or marriage of such an...

42 CFR 51c.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, sex. (2) No more than one-half of the remaining... employee of the center, or spouse or child, parent, brother or sister by blood or marriage of such an...

42 CFR 51c.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, sex. (2) No more than one-half of the remaining... employee of the center, or spouse or child, parent, brother or sister by blood or marriage of such an...

42 CFR 51c.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, sex. (2) No more than one-half of the remaining... employee of the center, or spouse or child, parent, brother or sister by blood or marriage of such an...

[Jealousy between siblings in early childhood. Nursing assessment based on a case study].

PubMed

Puig-Plana, María Pilar

2010-01-01

Childhood jealousy, when a little brother or sister is born, has always been a subject treated within the family environment. Parent's attitude in their interaction with their offspring may increase the response of the jealous child. The emotional expressions of the jealous child may lead to behaviour changes, that may occasionally put the physical integrity of the newborn at risk, since it is the most vulnerable in the family group. In view of the above mentioned, a case of a three-year-old child living with his parents and his nine-month-old sister, is presented. The child shows characteristic behaviour changes of jealousy, such as, rebelliousness, aggressiveness and hyperactivity. The brother's psychomotor discomfort leads to a proneness to accidents for the baby girl and the obvious parental concern. For these reasons nursing intervention in the family group was proposed, based on the theoretical Virginia Henderson Needs Model. The actions will come from the older brother and parents. The aim of the nursing intervention is to lead the behaviour changes in order to re-establish a safe and healthy family environment. Copyright 2009 Elsevier España, S.L. All rights reserved.

Birth order and ratio of brothers to sisters in Spanish transsexuals.

PubMed

Gómez-Gil, Esther; Esteva, Isabel; Carrasco, Rocío; Almaraz, M Cruz; Pasaro, Eduardo; Salamero, Manel; Guillamon, Antonio

2011-06-01

Three Western studies have shown that male-to-female (MF) homosexual transsexuals tend to be born later than their siblings and to come from sibships with more brothers than sisters. The objective of this study was to determine whether these variables would be replicated in 530 MF and female-to-male (FM) Spanish transsexuals according to sexual orientation. The results showed that MF homosexual transsexuals had significantly more older brothers than the non-homosexual MF group. Compared with the expected rates in the general population, birth order was significantly higher in both MF (Slater's Index = 0.59; Fraternal Index = 0.61; Sororal Index = 0.58) and FM homosexual transsexuals (Slater's Index = 0.65; Fraternal Index = 0.68; Sororal Index = 0.67), and sibling sex ratio was significantly higher than expected in homosexual MF (sex ratio = 0.55) but not in homosexual FM transsexuals. No significant differences were found in the non-homosexual subgroups. The replication of the later birth order and sibling sex-ratio effect in MF homosexual transsexuals corroborates previous findings in a variety of groups from different cultures and may suggest a common mechanism underlying the etiology of transsexualism.

Ghulam Ali v. Ghulam Sarwar Naqvi (Mst.) [15 May 1989].

PubMed

1989-01-01

In Pakistan, the respondent sought to claim under Islamic law her share of property left by her father to her and her 3 brothers. The brothers opposed her suit on the grounds that she had relinquished her claim because they had expended sums of money on her maintenance, her 2 marriages, and a murder case in which she was involved. The court upheld her claim, ruling that relinquishment of the kind argued by the brothers was against public policy and morality as well as Islamic law, which calls for brothers to protect the rights of their sisters. The court concluded its decision by urging that women be better informed of their rights, particularly those women living in rural areas, and that Islamic law, which protects women, be cleansed of alien customs and laws denigrating the status of women.

Gene-culture translation in the avoidance of sibling incest

PubMed Central

Lumsden, Charles J.; Wilson, Edward O.

1980-01-01

A preliminary analysis is made of the relation between the epigenetic rules of brother-sister incest avoidance, which operate during individual development, and the frequency of occurrence of this form of incest among cultures. PMID:16592898

20 CFR 222.41 - Determination of relationship and support for parent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Parent, Grandchild, Brother or Sister § 222.41... adoptive parent before the employee became 16 years old (the marriage must be valid under the law of the...

20 CFR 222.41 - Determination of relationship and support for parent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Parent, Grandchild, Brother or Sister § 222.41... adoptive parent before the employee became 16 years old (the marriage must be valid under the law of the...

20 CFR 222.41 - Determination of relationship and support for parent.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Parent, Grandchild, Brother or Sister § 222.41... adoptive parent before the employee became 16 years old (the marriage must be valid under the law of the...

38 CFR 36.4352 - Authority to close loans on the automatic basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (e.g., spouse, parent, grandparent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle or in-law) has a financial... indicate that it will not seek to influence the lender to give their loans more favorable underwriting...

38 CFR 36.4352 - Authority to close loans on the automatic basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (e.g., spouse, parent, grandparent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle or in-law) has a financial... indicate that it will not seek to influence the lender to give their loans more favorable underwriting...

38 CFR 36.4352 - Authority to close loans on the automatic basis.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... (e.g., spouse, parent, grandparent, child, brother, sister, aunt, uncle or in-law) has a financial... indicate that it will not seek to influence the lender to give their loans more favorable underwriting...

47 CFR 97.509 - Administering VE requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 97.509 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) SAFETY AND SPECIAL RADIO... comply with their instructions. (d) No VE may administer an examination to his or her spouse, children, grandchildren, stepchildren, parents, grandparents, stepparents, brothers, sisters, stepbrothers, stepsisters...

13 CFR 127.102 - What are the definitions of the terms used in this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... EDWOSBs. Immediate family member means father, mother, husband, wife, son, daughter, brother, sister, grandfather, grandmother, grandson, granddaughter, father-in-law, mother-in-law, son-in-law, and daughter-in...

When Your Brother or Sister Has Cancer: A Guide for Teens

MedlinePlus

... can be given as pills, through an injection (shot), or through an intravenous (IV) line. It is ... research study that tests how well new medical approaches work in people. These studies test new methods ...

42 CFR 56.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... individuals being or to be served in terms of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, and sex. (2) No... child, parent, brother or sister by blood of marriage of such an employee. The project director may be a...

42 CFR 56.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... individuals being or to be served in terms of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, and sex. (2) No... child, parent, brother or sister by blood of marriage of such an employee. The project director may be a...

42 CFR 56.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... individuals being or to be served in terms of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, and sex. (2) No... child, parent, brother or sister by blood of marriage of such an employee. The project director may be a...

42 CFR 56.304 - Governing board.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... individuals being or to be served in terms of demographic factors, such as race, ethnicity, and sex. (2) No... child, parent, brother or sister by blood of marriage of such an employee. The project director may be a...

32 CFR 1642.1 - Purpose; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 18th anniversary of the registrant's date of birth and is now supported in good faith by the registrant. (4) The term brother or sister shall include a person having one or both parents in common with the...

32 CFR 1642.1 - Purpose; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 18th anniversary of the registrant's date of birth and is now supported in good faith by the registrant. (4) The term brother or sister shall include a person having one or both parents in common with the...

Intralocus sexual conflict over human height

PubMed Central

Stulp, Gert; Kuijper, Bram; Buunk, Abraham P.; Pollet, Thomas V.; Verhulst, Simon

2012-01-01

Intralocus sexual conflict (IASC) occurs when a trait under selection in one sex constrains the other sex from achieving its sex-specific fitness optimum. Selection pressures on body size often differ between the sexes across many species, including humans: among men individuals of average height enjoy the highest reproductive success, while shorter women have the highest reproductive success. Given its high heritability, IASC over human height is likely. Using data from sibling pairs from the Wisconsin Longitudinal Study, we present evidence for IASC over height: in shorter sibling pairs (relatively) more reproductive success (number of children) was obtained through the sister than through the brother of the sibling pair. By contrast, in average height sibling pairs most reproductive success was obtained through the brother relative to the sister. In conclusion, we show that IASC over a heritable, sexually dimorphic physical trait (human height) affects Darwinian fitness in a contemporary human population. PMID:22875819

Comparison of assessment of personality disorder by patients and informants.

PubMed

Modestin, J; Puhan, A

2000-01-01

The present study evaluated the pathology of personality disorder in a group of 8 nonpatient volunteers and 32 psychiatric in- and outpatients, most of them suffering from substance abuse disorder. The patient self-reports were compared with the reports by 2 informants for each proband. All probands and informants completed the Structured Interview for DSM-III-R Axis II Personality Questionnaire. Patient self-reports and informant reports yielded the same number of diagnoses. The diagnostic agreement between the three sets of data was generally poor; however, the concordance was slightly better between both groups of informants than between patients and informants: Median kappa were 0.13 for patients versus parents, 0.14 for patients versus brothers/sisters and 0.29 for parents versus brothers/sisters. Patient and informant evaluations represent two different assessment approaches of the personality, and a complete agreement is not to be expected. Copyright 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel.

The sibling experience: growing up with a child who has pervasive developmental disorder or mental retardation.

PubMed

Schuntermann, Peter

2007-01-01

Parents raising a child with significant developmental challenges are profoundly aware of the often sustained impact of that child's special needs upon their other children. Supported by recent research on siblings of developmentally challenged children, clinicians are advocating family-based interventions that take into account the needs of siblings. This article reviews the experience of siblings who live with brothers or sisters diagnosed with pervasive developmental disorder or mental retardation. Contributions from research on typical siblings are drawn upon when appropriate. Six domains of the sibling experience are identified. These domains explore relational shifts within sibling relationships and through the expectable differential parental treatment of each child. Shifts considered in this review include the interrelationships with the extended family, peers, and friendships, all of which contribute to shaping the meaning that siblings give to living with developmentally challenged brothers or sisters across time.

Does living in crowded houses offer protection against the development of inflammatory bowel disease?

PubMed

El-Tawil, A M; Nightingale, P; Cox, M A

2013-03-01

The credibility of the "Hygiene hypothesis" in patients with inflammatory bowel disease has been assessed. This survey is aimed at finding an answer for the question: "Does living in crowded or overcrowded houses protect against the development of inflammatory bowel disease?" Asian immigrants to the United Kingdom who attended inflammatory bowel diseases' clinics during the period of the study and who fulfilled Leonard-Jones criteria were asked to complete a questionnaire. The participants were asked to respond to questions on age, sex, their birth rank, diagnosis, & number of brothers, sisters, sons and daughters. 60% of the participants had four or more brothers and sisters. Forty per cent of the participants grew in crowded houses (occupied the fourth birth rank). Our presented data do not support any role of the number of house inhabitants in the development of inflammatory bowel disease.

Incestuous Sisters: Mate Preference for Brothers over Unrelated Males in Drosophila melanogaster

PubMed Central

Loyau, Adeline; Cornuau, Jérémie H.; Clobert, Jean; Danchin, Étienne

2012-01-01

The literature is full of examples of inbreeding avoidance, while recent mathematical models predict that inbreeding tolerance or even inbreeding preference should be expected under several realistic conditions like e.g. polygyny. We investigated male and female mate preferences with respect to relatedness in the fruit fly D. melanogaster. Experiments offered the choice between a first order relative (full-sibling or parent) and an unrelated individual with the same age and mating history. We found that females significantly preferred mating with their brothers, thus supporting inbreeding preference. Moreover, females did not avoid mating with their fathers, and males did not avoid mating with their sisters, thus supporting inbreeding tolerance. Our experiments therefore add empirical evidence for inbreeding preference, which strengthens the prediction that inbreeding tolerance and preference can evolve under specific circumstances through the positive effects on inclusive fitness. PMID:23251487

Birth order, sibling sex ratio, handedness, and sexual orientation of male and female participants in a BBC internet research project.

PubMed

Blanchard, Ray; Lippa, Richard A

2007-04-01

This study investigated the relations among sexual orientation, fraternal birth order (number of older brothers), and hand-preference. The participants were 87,798 men and 71,981 women who took part in a Web-based research project sponsored by the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC). The results yielded some evidence confirming prior findings that non-right-handedness is associated with homosexuality in men and women, that older brothers increase the odds of homosexuality in men, and that the effect of older brothers on sexual orientation is limited to right-handed men. The evidence was weaker than in previous studies, however, probably because the usual relations among the variables of interest were partially obscured by the effects of other factors. Thus, the homosexual men and women had higher rates of non-right-handedness than their heterosexual counterparts, but the strongest handedness finding for both sexes was a marked tendency for participants who described themselves as ambidextrous also to describe themselves as bisexual. The birth order data were strongly affected by a tendency for the male participants to report an excess of older sisters, and the female participants to report an excess of older brothers. Statistical analyses confirmed that this was an artifact of the parental stopping rule, "Continue having children until you have offspring of both sexes." In subsequent analyses, participants were divided into those who did and did not have younger siblings, on the grounds that the data of the former would be less contaminated by the stopping rule. In the former subsample, the right-handed homo/bisexual males showed the typical high ratio of older brothers to older sisters, whereas the non-right-handed homo/bisexual males did not.

Birth Order and Sibling Sex Ratio of Children and Adolescents Referred to a Gender Identity Service

PubMed Central

VanderLaan, Doug P.; Blanchard, Ray; Wood, Hayley; Zucker, Kenneth J.

2014-01-01

In adult male samples, homosexuality is associated with a preponderance of older brothers (i.e., the fraternal birth order effect). In several studies comparing gender dysphoric youth, who are likely to be homosexual in adulthood, to clinical or non-clinical control groups, the findings have been consistent with the fraternal birth order effect in males; however, less is known about unique sibship characteristics of gender dysphoric females. The current study investigated birth order and sibling sex ratio in a large sample of children and adolescents referred to the same Gender Identity Service (N = 768). Probands were classified as heterosexual males, homosexual males, or homosexual females based on clinical diagnostic information. Groups differed significantly in age and sibship size, and homosexual females were significantly more likely to be only children. Subsequent analyses controlled for age and for sibship size. Compared to heterosexual males, homosexual males had a significant preponderance of older brothers and homosexual females had a significant preponderance of older sisters. Similarly, the older sibling sex ratio of homosexual males showed a significant excess of brothers whereas that of homosexual females showed a significant excess of sisters. Like previous studies of gender dysphoric youth and adults, these findings were consistent with the fraternal birth order effect. In addition, the greater frequency of only children and elevated numbers of older sisters among the homosexual female group adds to a small literature on sibship characteristics of potential relevance to the development of gender identity and sexual orientation in females. PMID:24651045

Enterobius vermicularis infection and its risk factors among pre-school children in Taipei, Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Kuang-Yao; Yen, Chuan-Min; Hwang, Kao-Pin; Wang, Lian-Chen

2017-06-29

The prevalence of pinworm infection is extremely low in Taipei, Taiwan. This population study was designed to determine the current status and the associated risk factors of this infection among pre-school children. Perianal swab specimens were obtained from the parents or guardians using a two-consecutive-day adhesive cellophane perianal swab kit. Information of family background, personal hygiene, and household sanitary conditions were collected by asking the parents or guardians to complete a questionnaire. Of 44,163 children, 0.21% was found to infect with pinworm. The positive rate was highest in Datong (0.59%) and Nangang (0.58%) Districts and lowest in Neihu District (0.02%). There was no significant difference in the rates by gender (boys 0.24% and girls 0.19%) or school (kindergartens 0.25% and nurseries 0.17%). Significantly higher positive rates were found in children having parent with lower educational level and elder brother(s)/sister(s). Children taking bath by themselves and those sleeping in bed with matting had significantly higher positive rates. Five significant independent predictors of pinworm infection were determined by multivariate analysis: having elder brother(s), having elder sister(s), infrequent washing hands after using toilet facilities, bathing without the help of family members, and sleeping on bed with matting. The prevalence of pinworm infection in the pre-school children of Taipei is extremely low and decreasing. Good hand washing habit should be an important preventive measure. Transmission of this infection in pre-school children may occur in the family through their school-age siblings. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Changes in Siblings Over Time After the Death of a Brother or Sister From Cancer.

PubMed

Akard, Terrah Foster; Skeens, Micah A; Fortney, Christine A; Dietrich, Mary S; Gilmer, Mary Jo; Vannatta, Kathryn; Barrera, Maru; Davies, Betty; Wray, Sarah; Gerhardt, Cynthia A

2018-02-27

Limited research has examined the impact of a child's death from cancer on siblings. Even less is known about how these siblings change over time. This study compared changes in siblings 1 (T1) and 2 (T2) years after the death of a brother or sister from cancer based on bereaved parent and sibling interviews. Participants across 3 institutions represented 27 families and included bereaved mothers (n = 21), fathers (n = 15), and siblings (n = 26) ranging from 8 to 17 years old. Participants completed semistructured interviews. Content analysis identified emerging themes and included frequency counts of participant responses. McNemar tests examined differences in the frequency of responses between T1 and T2 data. Participants reported similar types of changes in bereaved siblings at both time points, including changes in sibling relationships, life perspectives, their personal lives, and school performance. A new theme of "openness" emerged at T2. Frequencies of responses differed according to mother, father, or sibling informant. Overall, participants less frequently reported changes at T2 versus T1. Compared with findings in the first year, participants reported greater sibling maturity at follow-up. Overall changes in bereaved siblings continued over 2 years with less frequency over time, with the exception of increases in maturity and openness. Providers can educate parents regarding the impact of death of a brother or sister over time. Nurses can foster open communication in surviving grieving siblings and parents as potential protective factors in families going through their grief.

Marriage Institutions and Sibling Competition: Evidence from South Asia*

PubMed

Vogl, Tom S

2013-08-01

Using data from South Asia, this article examines how arranged marriage cultivates rivalry among sisters. During marriage search, parents with multiple daughters reduce the reservation quality for an older daughter's groom, rushing her marriage to allow sufficient time to marry off her younger sisters. Relative to younger brothers, younger sisters increase a girl's marriage risk; relative to younger singleton sisters, younger twin sisters have the same effect. These effects intensify in marriage markets with lower sex ratios or greater parental involvement in marriage arrangements. In contrast, older sisters delay a girl's marriage. Because girls leave school when they marry and face limited earning opportunities when they reach adulthood, the number of sisters has well-being consequences over the life cycle. Younger sisters cause earlier school-leaving, lower literacy, a match to a husband with less education and a less skilled occupation, and (marginally) lower adult economic status. Data from a broader set of countries indicate that these cross-sister pressures on marriage age are common throughout the developing world, although the schooling costs vary by setting. JEL Codes: J1, I25, O15.

Marriage Institutions and Sibling Competition: Evidence from South Asia*

PubMed Central

Vogl, Tom S.

2013-01-01

Using data from South Asia, this article examines how arranged marriage cultivates rivalry among sisters. During marriage search, parents with multiple daughters reduce the reservation quality for an older daughter’s groom, rushing her marriage to allow sufficient time to marry off her younger sisters. Relative to younger brothers, younger sisters increase a girl’s marriage risk; relative to younger singleton sisters, younger twin sisters have the same effect. These effects intensify in marriage markets with lower sex ratios or greater parental involvement in marriage arrangements. In contrast, older sisters delay a girl’s marriage. Because girls leave school when they marry and face limited earning opportunities when they reach adulthood, the number of sisters has well-being consequences over the life cycle. Younger sisters cause earlier school-leaving, lower literacy, a match to a husband with less education and a less skilled occupation, and (marginally) lower adult economic status. Data from a broader set of countries indicate that these cross-sister pressures on marriage age are common throughout the developing world, although the schooling costs vary by setting. JEL Codes: J1, I25, O15. PMID:23966752

12 CFR 212.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... person whose management functions relate exclusively to the business of retail merchandising or... Banking FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE FEDERAL RESERVE SYSTEM MANAGEMENT OFFICIAL... immediate family. “Immediate family” means spouse, mother, father, child, grandchild, sister, brother, or...

32 CFR 553.17 - Persons ineligible for burial in an Army national cemetery.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... burial in an Army national cemetery. (a) A father, mother, brother, sister, and in-law is not eligible... for burial in Arlington National Cemetery unless the Service-connected family member has been or will...

Familial Churg-Strauss Syndrome in a Sister and Brother.

PubMed

Alyasin, Soheyla; Khoshkhui, Maryam; Amin, Reza

2015-06-01

Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) is a granulomatous small vessel vasculitis. It is characterized by asthma, allergic granulomatosis and vasculitis. This syndrome is rare in children. A 5 years old boy was admitted with cough, fever and dyspnea for 2 weeks. On the basis of laboratory data (peripheral eosinophilia), associated with skin biopsy, and history of CSS in his sister, this disease was eventually diagnosed. The patient had good response to corticosteroid. In every asthmatic patient with prolonged fever, eosinophilia and multisystemic involvment, CSS should be considered.

7 CFR 3555.8 - Conflict of interest.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... following: (1) Immediate family members, including parents and children, whether related by blood or marriage; (2) Close relatives, including grandmother, grandfather, aunt, uncle, sister, brother, niece, nephew, granddaughter, grandson, or first cousin, whether related by blood or marriage; (3) Any household...

20 CFR 410.340 - Determination of relationship; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... COAL MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, TITLE IV-BLACK LUNG BENEFITS (1969- ) Relationship and... domiciled (see § 410.392) at the time of his death would find, under the law they would apply in determining...

Mentoring Relationships and the Mental Health of Aboriginal Youth in Canada.

PubMed

DeWit, David J; Wells, Samantha; Elton-Marshall, Tara; George, Julie

2017-04-01

We compared the mentoring experiences and mental health and behavioral outcomes associated with program-supported mentoring for 125 Aboriginal (AB) and 734 non-Aboriginal (non-AB) youth ages 6-17 participating in a national survey of Big Brothers Big Sisters community mentoring relationships. Parents or guardians reported on youth mental health and other outcomes at baseline (before youth were paired to a mentor) and at 18 months follow-up. We found that AB youth were significantly less likely than non-AB youth to be in a long-term continuous mentoring relationship. However, AB youth were more likely than non-AB youth to be in a long-term relationship ending in dissolution. AB youth were also more likely than non-AB youth to have been mentored by a female adult. AB youth were significantly more likely than non-AB youth to report a high quality mentoring relationship, regular weekly contact with their mentor, and monthly mentoring activities. Structural equation model results revealed that, relative to non-mentored AB youth, AB youth with mentors experienced significantly fewer emotional problems and symptoms of social anxiety. These relationships were not found for non-AB youth. Our findings suggest that mentoring programs may be an effective intervention for improving the health and well-being of AB youth.

The younger siblings of teenage mothers: a follow-up of their pregnancy risk.

PubMed

East, P L; Jacobson, L J

2001-03-01

This study followed 243 younger brothers and younger sisters of parenting teens and nonparenting teens across a 1.5-year period. The average age of siblings was 13.6 years at Time 1 and 15 years at Time 2. Relative to other youths, the sisters of parenting teens exhibited a sharp increase in drug and alcohol use and partying behavior across time and had the highest pregnancy rate at Time 2 (15%). The siblings of parenting teens spent 10 hr a week caring for their sisters' children, and, for girls, many hours of child care was associated with negative outcomes including permissive sexual behavior. Findings suggest that the younger sisters of parenting teens are at very high risk of early pregnancy and that this risk becomes increasingly pronounced across time.

Sibling Incest: A Hong Kong Experience.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tsun, O. K. Angela

1999-01-01

Presents a case study of a Hong Kong Chinese adult survivor of brother-sister incest. Discusses her symptoms, feelings toward incest, parental response at disclosures, and implications for practice. Also discusses Chinese cultural influences that affect the family and lead to secrecy and shame. (CR)

Siblings of Oedipus: Brothers and Sisters of Incest Victims.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

de Young, Mary

1981-01-01

Investigates the roles and problems of siblings of incest victims, describes the dynamics of the incestuous family, and identifies some behavior problems of children whose siblings were incest victims. Data from two siblings' lives are presented to illustrate points. (Author/DB)

12 CFR 347.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... election, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (l) Immediate family member of a natural person means the spouse, father, mother, brother, sister, son or daughter of that natural person. (m..., association, foundation, joint venture, pool, syndicate, sole proprietorship, unincorporated organization, or...

12 CFR 347.202 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... election, by the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System. (l) Immediate family member of a natural person means the spouse, father, mother, brother, sister, son or daughter of that natural person. (m..., association, foundation, joint venture, pool, syndicate, sole proprietorship, unincorporated organization, or...

The Sibling Bond.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bank, Stephen P.; Kahn, Michael D.

The relationships among brothers and sisters are infinitely varied, but whatever their characteristics, these bonds last throughout life. This book examines the sibling relationship as a distinctive emotional, passionate, painful, and solacing power. Chapter 1, "Unraveling the Sibling Bond," addresses research on siblings and development of the…

Medicines for Diabetes

MedlinePlus

... will help a kid stay healthy and feel good. What Is Insulin? The most common diabetes medicine is insulin, which you can get through shots or an insulin pump . Insulin is a hormone that helps ... also might be a good idea for older brothers and sisters, babysitters, teachers, ...

Longitudinal pathways linking family factors and sibling relationship qualities to adolescent substance use and sexual risk behaviors.

PubMed

East, Patricia L; Khoo, Siek Toon

2005-12-01

This 3-wave, 5-year longitudinal study tested the contributions of family contextual factors and sibling relationship qualities to younger siblings' substance use, sexual risk behaviors, pregnancy, and sexually transmitted disease. More than 220 non-White families participated (67% Latino and 33% African American), all of which involved a younger sibling (133 girls and 89 boys; mean age = 13.6 years at Time 1) and an older sister (mean age = 17 years at Time 1). Results from structural equation latent growth curve modeling indicated that qualities of the sibling relationship (high older sister power, low warmth/closeness, and low conflict) mediated effects from several family risks (mothers' single parenting, older sisters' teen parenting, and family's receipt of aid) to younger sibling outcomes. Model results were generally stronger for sister-sister pairs than for sister-brother pairs. Findings add to theoretical models that emphasize the role of family and parenting processes in shaping sibling relationships, which, in turn, influence adolescent outcomes. Copyright 2006 APA, all rights reserved).

l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency: clinical presentation and response to treatment in two patients with a novel mutation.

PubMed

Edvardson, Simon; Korman, Stanley H; Livne, Amir; Shaag, Avraham; Saada, Ann; Nalbandian, Ruppen; Allouche-Arnon, Hyla; Gomori, J Moshe; Katz-Brull, Rachel

2010-01-01

Creatine and creatine phosphate provide storage and transmission of phosphate-bound energy in muscle and brain. Of the three inborn errors of creatine metabolism causing brain creatine depletion, l-arginine:glycine amidinotransferase (AGAT) deficiency has been described in only two families. We describe clinical and biochemical features, magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) findings and response to creatine supplementation in two siblings with a novel mutation in the AGAT-encoding GATM gene. The sister and brother were evaluated at age 12 and 18years, respectively, because of mild mental retardation, muscle weakness and low weight. Extensive work-up had previously yielded negative results. Electron microscopy of the muscle revealed tubular aggregates and the activity of respiratory chain complexes was decreased in the muscle. Urine organic acid concentrations normalized to urine creatinine concentration were all increased, suggesting a creatine metabolism disorder. Brain MRS was remarkable for absence of creatine. Urine guanidinoacetate levels by tandem mass spectrometry were low, suggesting AGAT deficiency. GATM sequencing revealed a homozygous single nucleotide insertion 1111_1112insA, producing a frame-shift at Met-371 and premature termination at codon 376. Eleven months after commencing treatment with oral creatine monohydrate 100mg/kg/day, repeat MRI/MRS showed significantly increased brain creatine in the sister and a slight increase in the older brother. The parents' impression of improved strength and stamina was substantiated by increased post-treatment versus pre-treatment scores in the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, straight-arm raising and timed up-and-go tests. Similarly, there was an apparent improvement in cognitive function, with significantly increased IQ-scores in the sister and marginal improvement in the brother. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

PubMed

Yilmaz, Murat; Bukan, Neslihan; Ersoy, Reyhan; Karakoç, Ayhan; Yetkin, Ilhan; Ayvaz, Göksun; Cakir, Nuri; Arslan, Metin

2005-09-01

The aim of the present study was to evaluate insulin resistance (IR), glucose tolerance status and cardiovascular risk factors in first degree relatives of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). A total of 120 family members [Mothers(PCOS) (n = 40), Fathers(PCOS) (n = 38), Sisters(PCOS) (n = 25) and Brothers(PCOS) (n = 17)] of 55 patients with PCOS and 75 unrelated healthy control subjects without a family history of diabetes or PCOS (four age- and weight-matched subgroups, i.e. Control(Mothers), Control(Fathers), Control(Sisters) and Control(Brothers)) were studied. IR was assessed by homeostatic model assessment (HOMA IR), log HOMA, insulin sensivity index (ISI), the quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI) and area under the curve for insulin during the oral glucose tolerance test (AUCI, AUCG) in with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) subjects and controls. Serum adiponectin, resistin, homocysteine and lipid levels were measured. The prevalence of any degree of glucose intolerance was 40% in Mothers(PCOS) and 52% in Fathers(PCOS). In total, six (15%) glucose tolerance disorders were identified in the Control(Mothers) and Control(Fathers) in first degree relatives of control subjects. The first degree relatives of PCOS patients had significantly higher serum fasting insulin, HOMA-IR, Log HOMA and AUCI levels in all subgroups than the control subjects. The control subjects had significantly elevated QUCKI, ISI levels and serum adiponectin levels compared to the first degree relatives of PCOS subjects in all subgroups. The serum Hcy and resistin levels increased significantly in both Fathers(PCOS) and Mothers(PCOS) groups but not Brothers(PCOS) and Sister(PCOS). The results of the present study support the finding that the first degree relatives of PCOS patients carry an increased risk of cardiovascular disease, as do PCOS patients.

Psychometric evaluation of the Sibling Cancer Needs Instrument (SCNI): an instrument to assess the psychosocial unmet needs of young people who are siblings of cancer patients.

PubMed

Patterson, P; McDonald, F E J; Butow, P; White, K J; Costa, D S J; Millar, B; Bell, M L; Wakefield, C E; Cohn, R J

2014-03-01

The current study sought to establish the psychometric properties of the revised Sibling Cancer Needs Instrument (SCNI) when completed by young people who have a brother or sister with cancer. The participants were 106 young people aged between 12 and 24 who had a living brother or sister diagnosed with any type or stage of cancer in the last 5 years. They were recruited from multiple settings. The initial step in determining the dimensional structure of the questionnaire was exploratory factor analysis and further assessment followed using Rasch analysis. Construct validity and test-retest reliability (n = 17) were also assessed. The final SCNI has 45 items and seven domains: information; practical assistance; "time out" and recreation; feelings; support (friends and other young people); understanding from my family; and sibling relationship. There was a reasonable spread of responses across the scale for every item. Rasch analysis results suggested that overall, respondents used the scale consistently. Support for construct validity was provided by the correlations between psychological distress and the SCNI domains. The internal consistency was good to excellent; Cronbach's alphas ranged from 0.78 to 0.94. The test-retest reliability of the overall measure is 0.88. The SCNI is the first measure of psychosocial unmet needs which has been developed for young people who have a brother or sister with cancer. The sound psychometric properties allow the instrument to be used with confidence. The measure will provide a substantial clinical benefit in highlighting the unmet needs of this population to assist with the prioritisation of targeted supportive care services and evaluating the impact of interventions targeted at siblings.

Empowerment, Participation, and Democracy? -- The Hong Kong Big Sisters' Guidance Programme.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bottery, Mike; Siu, Shun-Mei

1996-01-01

Asserts that the Big Sisters Programme in Hong Kong provides a good example of a scheme that transcends personal and school issues and facilitates a more participative and democratic view of society. Characterizes the program as a benign form of a "hidden curriculum" and recommends establishing it in secondary schools. (MJP)

29 CFR 15.200 - What is a claim under the MPCECA and who may file such a claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... claim under the MPCECA for damage or loss is allowable only if the property involved was being used..., children, parent, brother or sister or the authorized agent or legal representative of such person or...

29 CFR 15.200 - What is a claim under the MPCECA and who may file such a claim?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... claim under the MPCECA for damage or loss is allowable only if the property involved was being used..., children, parent, brother or sister or the authorized agent or legal representative of such person or...

Brothers & Sisters Talk with PACER.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Binkard, Betty; And Others

This booklet presents excerpts from interviews with siblings (ages 10-28) of persons with a range of handicaps, including Down Syndrome, cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, deafness, autism, seizure disorder, genetic disorders, and mental retardation. It is arranged in order from the youngest person interviewed and continues through…

Siblings of the Handicapped: Maladjustment and Its Prevention.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hannah, Mary Elizabeth; Midlarsky, Elizabeth

1987-01-01

The mental health consequences of having a handicapped brother or sister and factors that may be related to psychological adjustment are discussed. Also explored are the use of parental consultation, behavior modification, and discussion groups as potential intervention strategies with siblings of the handicapped. (Author)

28 CFR 570.42 - Non-medical escorted trips.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... member of an inmate's immediate family. For purposes of this rule, immediate family refers to mother, father, brother, sister, spouse, children, step-parents, and foster parents. (2) Non-emergency, non... persons (e.g., attending physician, hospital staff, funeral home staff, family members, U.S. Probation...

Testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet: a case report and a review of literature.

PubMed

Ulytė, Agnė; Ulys, Albertas; Sužiedėlis, Kęstutis; Patašius, Aušvydas; Smailytė, Giedrė

2017-01-01

Introduction. Testicular cancer and a multiple birth are both rare events, and the risk of testicular cancer is increased in twins. In Lithuania, only five quadruplets have been recorded since the middle of the 20th century. In this report, we present two rare events in one family: testicular cancer in two brothers of a quadruplet (three brothers and a sister). Case description. Both patients were diagnosed at 21 years of age and died within two years from the diagnosis despite treatment. The third symptomless brother did not have testicular pathology. We also review the risk factors associated with testicular cancer, and the proposed hypotheses how a multiple birth results in an increased risk. The most consistent risk factors for testicular cancer are cryptorchidism, prior history of testicular cancer, and a positive familial history. According to different studies, the risk of testicular cancer in twins is higher from 22% to 30%, compared to the general population. Conclusions. To our knowledge, we have presented the first case of testicular teratoblastoma in brothers of a quadruplet.

Kin recognition and adjustment of reproductive effort in zebra finches.

PubMed

Arct, Aneta; Rutkowska, Joanna; Martyka, Rafal; Drobniak, Szymon M; Cichon, Mariusz

2010-12-23

The differential allocation theory predicts that females should invest more in offspring produced with attractive partners, and a number of studies support this prediction in birds. Females have been shown to increase reproductive investment when mated to males showing elaborated sexual traits. However, mate attractiveness might also depend on the interaction between male and female genotypes. Accordingly, females should invest more in offspring sired by individuals that are genetically dissimilar or carry superior alleles. Here, we show in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that pairs of unfamiliar genetic brothers and sisters are less likely to reproduce in comparison with randomly mated pairs. Among the brother-sister pairs, those that attempted to breed laid smaller clutches and of lower total clutch mass. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that females adjust their reproductive effort in response to the genetic similarity of their partners. Importantly, these results imply a female ability to assess relatedness of a social mate without prior association.

26 CFR 25.2522(c)-1 - Disallowance of charitable, etc., deductions because of “prohibited transactions” in the case of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... the donor's family include only his brothers and sisters (whether by whole or half blood), spouse... which a prohibited transaction occurred, or in a prior taxable year, unless the donor or a member of his...

5 CFR 630.902 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

...; (c) Parents; (d) Brothers and sisters, and spouses thereof; and (e) Any individual related by blood.... Leave donor means an employee whose voluntary written request for transfer of annual leave to the annual... from the annual leave accounts of one or more leave donors. Medical emergency means a medical condition...

26 CFR 1.6046-1 - Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... in Example (5) except that, in addition, on November 1, 1970, D donates 2 percent of the outstanding... brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), his spouse, his ancestors, and his lineal...

26 CFR 1.6046-1 - Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... in Example (5) except that, in addition, on November 1, 1970, D donates 2 percent of the outstanding... brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), his spouse, his ancestors, and his lineal...

26 CFR 1.6046-1 - Returns as to organization or reorganization of foreign corporations and as to acquisitions of...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... in Example (5) except that, in addition, on November 1, 1970, D donates 2 percent of the outstanding... brothers and sisters (whether by the whole or half blood), his spouse, his ancestors, and his lineal...

Learning Emotional Understanding and Emotion Regulation through Sibling Interaction

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramer, Laurie

2014-01-01

Research Findings: Young children's relationships with their sisters and brothers offer unique and important opportunities for learning about emotions and developing emotional understanding. Through a critical analysis, this article examines sibling interaction in 3 different but normative contexts (conflict/conflict management, play, and…

Ectodermal dysplasia with blindness in sibs on the island of Rodrigues.

PubMed Central

Wallis, C E; Beighton, P

1992-01-01

A brother and sister from the island of Rodrigues had mental retardation, blindness owing to severe ocular malformations, short stature, dysmorphic facial features, hypotrichosis, and dental abnormalities. It is likely that they have a hitherto unrecognised autosomal recessive ectodermal dysplasia syndrome. Images PMID:1583659

Attentional Control and Asymmetric Associative Priming

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hutchison, Keith A.; Heap, Shelly J.; Neely, James H.; Thomas, Matthew A.

2014-01-01

Participants completed a battery of 3 attentional control (AC) tasks (OSPAN, antisaccade, and Stroop, as in Hutchison, 2007) and performed a lexical decision task with symmetrically associated (e.g., "sister-brother") and asymmetrically related primes and targets presented in both the forward (e.g., "atom-bomb") and backward…

Disrupted lives: siblings of disturbed adolescents.

PubMed

Deal, S N; MacLean, W E

1995-04-01

The impact of disturbed adolescents on siblings' psychological adjustment and sibling relationships was examined. Compared to siblings of nondisturbed adolescents, siblings of previously hospitalized adolescents reported more psychological distress, poorer social relationships, a more negative view of their older brothers and sisters, and less identification with their older siblings.

76 FR 20215 - National Volunteer Week, 2011

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-04-12

... America A Proclamation America's story has been marked by the service of volunteers. Generations of... youth and caring for older Americans to supporting our veterans and military families and rebuilding... that we are our brother's keeper and our sister's keeper. Today, as many Americans face hardship, we...

Homozygosity mapping reveals new nonsense mutation in the FAM161A gene causing autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in a Palestinian family.

PubMed

Zobor, Ditta; Balousha, Ghassan; Baumann, Britta; Wissinger, Bernd

2014-01-01

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogenous group of inherited retinal degenerations caused by mutations in at least 45 genes. Recently, the FAM161A gene was identified as the causative gene for RP28, an autosomal recessive form of RP. We performed a clinical and molecular genetic study of a consanguineous Palestinian family with two three siblings affected with retinitis pigmentosa. DNA samples were collected from the index patient, his father, his affected sister, and two non-affected brothers. DNA sample from the index was subjected to high resolution genome-wide SNP array. Assuming identity-by-descent in this consanguineous family we applied homozygosity mapping to identify disease causing genes. The index patient reported night blindness since the age of 20 years, followed by moderate disease progression with decrease of peripheral vision, the development of photophobia and later on reduced central vision. At the age of 40 his visual acuity was counting fingers (CF) for both eyes, color discrimination was not possible and his visual fields were severely constricted. Funduscopic examination revealed a typical appearance of advanced RP with optic disc pallor, narrowed retinal vessels, bone-spicule like pigmentary changes in the mid-periphery and atrophic changes in the macula. His younger affected brother (37 years) was reported with overall milder symptoms, while the youngest sister (21 years) reported problems only with night vision. Applying high-density SNP arrays we identified several homozygous genomic regions one of which included the recently identified FAM161A gene mutated in RP28-linked autosomal recessive RP. Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of a novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.1003C>T/p.R335X in the index patient and the affected sister. We identified an RP28-linked RP family in the Palestinian population caused by a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A. RP in this family shows a typical disease onset with moderate to rapid progression into severe visual impairment including central vision in the index and overall milder symptoms in the younger brother and sister.

Homozygosity mapping reveals new nonsense mutation in the FAM161A gene causing autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa in a Palestinian family

PubMed Central

Zobor, Ditta; Balousha, Ghassan; Baumann, Britta

2014-01-01

Purpose: Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a heterogenous group of inherited retinal degenerations caused by mutations in at least 45 genes. Recently, the FAM161A gene was identified as the causative gene for RP28, an autosomal recessive form of RP. Methods: We performed a clinical and molecular genetic study of a consanguineous Palestinian family with two three siblings affected with retinitis pigmentosa. DNA samples were collected from the index patient, his father, his affected sister, and two non-affected brothers. DNA sample from the index was subjected to high resolution genome-wide SNP array. Assuming identity-by-descent in this consanguineous family we applied homozygosity mapping to identify disease causing genes. Results: The index patient reported night blindness since the age of 20 years, followed by moderate disease progression with decrease of peripheral vision, the development of photophobia and later on reduced central vision. At the age of 40 his visual acuity was counting fingers (CF) for both eyes, color discrimination was not possible and his visual fields were severely constricted. Funduscopic examination revealed a typical appearance of advanced RP with optic disc pallor, narrowed retinal vessels, bone-spicule like pigmentary changes in the mid-periphery and atrophic changes in the macula. His younger affected brother (37 years) was reported with overall milder symptoms, while the youngest sister (21 years) reported problems only with night vision. Applying high-density SNP arrays we identified several homozygous genomic regions one of which included the recently identified FAM161A gene mutated in RP28-linked autosomal recessive RP. Sequencing analysis revealed the presence of a novel homozygous nonsense mutation, c.1003C>T/p.R335X in the index patient and the affected sister. Conclusion: We identified an RP28-linked RP family in the Palestinian population caused by a novel nonsense mutation in FAM161A. RP in this family shows a typical disease onset with moderate to rapid progression into severe visual impairment including central vision in the index and overall milder symptoms in the younger brother and sister. PMID:24520187

7 CFR 3575.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

..., brother, sister, aunt, uncle, grandparent, grandchild, niece, or nephew. In-house expenses. In-house... office). Rural and rural area. (1) For fiscal year 1999, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city.... (2) For later fiscal years, the terms “rural” and “rural area” mean a city, town, or unincorporated...

8 CFR 207.7 - Derivatives of refugees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... least 2 years; (3) A stepchild, if the marriage that created this relationship took place after the... marriage ceremony, and the marriage was not consummated (section 101(a)(35) of the Act); (5) A husband or... marriage for the purpose of evading immigration laws; and (6) A parent, sister, brother, grandparent...

8 CFR 207.7 - Derivatives of refugees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... least 2 years; (3) A stepchild, if the marriage that created this relationship took place after the... marriage ceremony, and the marriage was not consummated (section 101(a)(35) of the Act); (5) A husband or... marriage for the purpose of evading immigration laws; and (6) A parent, sister, brother, grandparent...

8 CFR 207.7 - Derivatives of refugees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... least 2 years; (3) A stepchild, if the marriage that created this relationship took place after the... marriage ceremony, and the marriage was not consummated (section 101(a)(35) of the Act); (5) A husband or... marriage for the purpose of evading immigration laws; and (6) A parent, sister, brother, grandparent...

20 CFR 222.44 - Other relationship determinations for lump-sum payments.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... THE RAILROAD RETIREMENT ACT FAMILY RELATIONSHIPS Relationship as Parent, Grandchild, Brother or Sister § 222.44 Other relationship determinations for lump-sum payments. Other claimants will be considered to... 20 Employees' Benefits 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Other relationship determinations for lump...

Sibling Socialization: The Effects of Stressful Life Events and Experiences

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conger, Katherine J.; Stocker, Clare; McGuire, Shirley

2009-01-01

Stressful life events and experiences may disrupt the typical day-to-day interactions between sisters and brothers that provide the foundation of sibling socialization. This chapter examines four experiences that may affect patterns of sibling interaction: parental marital conflict, parental divorce and remarriage, foster care placement, and a…

29 CFR 15.21 - Filing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... filed by a survivor in the following order of preference: spouse, children, parent, brother or sister or... responsible for substantiating ownership or possession, the facts surrounding the loss or damage, and the... which the damage or loss occurred. This statement shall also include: (i) A description of the type...

38 CFR 14.665 - Claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... employee suffering the loss or damage, or in the event of his or her death, by the surviving spouse, children, father or mother or both, or brothers or sisters or both. Claims of survivors shall be settled... loss or damage occurred and the circumstances surrounding such loss or damage, together with the...

38 CFR 14.665 - Claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... employee suffering the loss or damage, or in the event of his or her death, by the surviving spouse, children, father or mother or both, or brothers or sisters or both. Claims of survivors shall be settled... loss or damage occurred and the circumstances surrounding such loss or damage, together with the...

38 CFR 14.665 - Claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... employee suffering the loss or damage, or in the event of his or her death, by the surviving spouse, children, father or mother or both, or brothers or sisters or both. Claims of survivors shall be settled... loss or damage occurred and the circumstances surrounding such loss or damage, together with the...

38 CFR 14.665 - Claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... employee suffering the loss or damage, or in the event of his or her death, by the surviving spouse, children, father or mother or both, or brothers or sisters or both. Claims of survivors shall be settled... loss or damage occurred and the circumstances surrounding such loss or damage, together with the...

29 CFR 15.21 - Filing of claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... filed by a survivor in the following order of preference: spouse, children, parent, brother or sister or... responsible for substantiating ownership or possession, the facts surrounding the loss or damage, and the... which the damage or loss occurred. This statement shall also include: (i) A description of the type...

38 CFR 14.665 - Claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... employee suffering the loss or damage, or in the event of his or her death, by the surviving spouse, children, father or mother or both, or brothers or sisters or both. Claims of survivors shall be settled... loss or damage occurred and the circumstances surrounding such loss or damage, together with the...

Preventive Therapy with Siblings of a Dying Child.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Feinberg, Daniel

A case study of psychiatric intervention for two sisters whose brother is dying of leukemia is presented. The therapeutic technique attempted to deal with the threatened loss by a forthright approach to the reality situation, encouraging "immunizing" discussions, allowance for catharsis without severe regression, emphasis on reality orientation,…

Intergenerational Solidarity and Support between Adult Siblings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Voorpostel, Marieke; Blieszner, Rosemary

2008-01-01

Using a Dutch national sample containing 1,259 triads (two siblings, one parent), we examined whether practical support and emotional support between siblings are enhanced by intergenerational solidarity and how this differs for brothers and sisters. Sibling support was affected by sibling dyad characteristics and by the relationship with the…

My Children Are Always Fighting. Working with Parents.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Patsy

1994-01-01

Discusses techniques that teachers and parents can use to help young children cope with the birth of a new sibling and reduce fighting amongst siblings. Young children need to understand what is taking place, what is expected of them, and how they should interact with their brother or sister. (MDM)

Support for Teens When a Family Member has Cancer

Cancer.gov

When a parent, brother, or sister has been diagnosed with cancer, family members need extra support. Information to help teens learn how to cope, talk with family members, manage stress, and get support from counselors when a loved one has been diagnosed with, or is being treated for, cancer.

Ambivalence in Adult Sibling Relationships.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bedford, Victoria H.

1989-01-01

Examined gender and developmental differences in awareness of underlying feelings about subjects' age-near, same-sex sibling in 60 child-rearing and empty nest subjects. Found that women seemed to be more aware of their underlying feelings toward sisters than were men toward brothers, but valence of feelings was life phase-specific. (TE)

Benefits of Including Siblings in the Treatment of Autism Spectrum Disorders

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ferraioli, Suzannah J.; Hansford, Amy; Harris, Sandra L.

2012-01-01

Having a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) can significantly impact the life of a typically developing sibling. These relationships are generally characterized by less frequent and nurturing interactions than are evident in sibling constellations with neurotypical children or children with other developmental disabilities.…

20 CFR 416.1231 - Burial spaces and certain funds set aside for burial expenses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... children and step-children; an individual's brothers, sisters, parents, adoptive parents, and the spouses... are set aside for the burial arrangements of the eligible child's ineligible parent or parent's spouse... separation; i.e., a circumstance beyond an individual's control which makes conversion/separation impossible...

Helping as Coping by Siblings of the Disabled.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Midlarsky, Elizabeth; Hannah, Mary Elizabeth

Research has shown that siblings can experience either negative or positive mental health outcomes as a result of having a brother or sister with disabilities. When maladjustment occurs, it is frequently attributed to the stress of excessive helping. This research-based paper proposes that siblings of children with disabilities, perceiving…

32 CFR 1642.1 - Purpose; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... this part. (1) The term dependent shall apply to the wife, child, parent, grandparent, brother or sister of a registrant. (2) The term child includes an unborn child, a stepchild, a foster child or a legally adopted child, who is legitimate or illegitimate, but shall not include any person 18 years of age...

32 CFR 1642.1 - Purpose; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... this part. (1) The term dependent shall apply to the wife, child, parent, grandparent, brother or sister of a registrant. (2) The term child includes an unborn child, a stepchild, a foster child or a legally adopted child, who is legitimate or illegitimate, but shall not include any person 18 years of age...

38 CFR 17.170 - Autopsies.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... the state where the autopsy will be performed, consists of a number of persons such as children, parents, brothers and sisters, etc., permission to perform an autopsy may be accepted when granted by the... the state where the autopsy will be performed, consists of a number of persons such as children...

32 CFR 1642.1 - Purpose; definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... this part. (1) The term dependent shall apply to the wife, child, parent, grandparent, brother or sister of a registrant. (2) The term child includes an unborn child, a stepchild, a foster child or a legally adopted child, who is legitimate or illegitimate, but shall not include any person 18 years of age...

78 FR 22526 - Privacy Act of 1974; System of Records

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-04-16

...); (4) United States Social Security Number (SSN), (if any), United States Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS) Identification or similar number(s), (if any), and any equivalent social security or...) spouse; (c) children; (d) brothers; (e) sisters; (f) others; (9) team name; (10) place of insertion; (11...

CNGA3 mutations in two United Arab Emirates families with achromatopsia.

PubMed

Ahuja, Yachna; Kohl, Susanne; Traboulsi, Elias I

2008-07-10

ACHROMATOPSIA RESULTS FROM MUTATIONS IN ONE OF THREE GENES: cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, alpha-3 (CNGA3); cyclic nucleotide-gated channel, beta-3 (CNGB3); and guanine nucleotide-binding protein, alpha-transducing activity polypeptide 2 (GNAT2). We report the responsible mutations in two United Arab Emirates families who have this autosomal recessive disease. Clinical examinations were performed in seven patients from three nuclear families. Molecular genetic testing for common CNGA3 and CNGB3 mutations was undertaken using standard protocols. All patients were extremely light sensitive and had reduced visual acuity and no color perception. Fundus examinations did not show any visible abnormalities. After further pedigree analysis, two of the families were found to be linked through the paternal line. Two mutations in CNGA3 were identified: Arg283Trp and Gly397Val. Family A, the larger pedigree, had one branch in which two sisters and one brother were homozygous for the Gly397Val mutation and another branch in which a brother and sister were compound heterozygous for both aforenamed mutations. Family B, however, only had two brothers who were homozygous for the Arg283Trp mutation. Achromatopsia in these two United Arab Emirates families results from two different mutations in CNGA3. Two branches of the same pedigree had individuals with both homozygous and compound heterozygous disease, demonstrating a complex molecular pathology in this large family.

Evaluation of social and demographic characteristics of incest cases in a university hospital in Turkey.

PubMed

Yildirim, Ali; Ozer, Erdal; Bozkurt, Hasan; Ozsoy, Sait; Enginyurt, Ozgur; Evcuman, Durmus; Yilmaz, Riza; Kuyucu, Yunus Emre

2014-04-26

Incest is defined as any sexual activity between close blood relatives including step relatives and family members who are forbidden by law to marry. It is a problem that can be seen in all the social classes in developed and undeveloped societies. The World Health Organization classifies this problem as a silent health emergency. Father-daughter incest is reported to be the most common incest type followed by the other types like brother-sister, sister-sister and mother-son incest. Subjects for this study were recruited from a sample of incest cases referred to Forensic Medicine Department of Gaziosmanpasa University Medical Faculty Hospital between 2008 and 2012. Data involved social and demographic characteristics and clinical features of victims, perpetrators and the families. The ethical committee of the faculty of medicine approved the study. The study sample consisted of 43 incest cases (36 females and 7 males) with an age rage 4-40 years. Two third of the victims were under 18 years old. All perpetrators were males. Father - daughter incest (34.9%) was found to be most common incest type followed by brother - sister incest (14%). 75% of the perpetrators were family members and relatives with consanguinity while 25% of them were not consanguineous but faithful and intimate relatives to victims. Increasing awareness about incest and its damaging effects is so important and clinicians should keep in mind sexual abuse or incest when examining the risky population. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary for determining short term or long term results and preventing the negative consequences of incest.

Older-sibling and younger-sibling sex ratios in Frisch and Hviid's (2006) national cohort study of two million Danes.

PubMed

Blanchard, Ray

2007-12-01

Frisch and Hviid (2006) recently reported a study of variables that predicted heterosexual and homosexual marriage in a national cohort of Danish men and women. They found no evidence that older brothers increase the probability that a man will legally marry another man. They concluded that their data raise questions about the universality of the widely confirmed finding that older brothers increase the probability that a man will be sexually oriented towards other men (the fraternal birth order effect). In the present article, Frisch and Hviid's data were reanalyzed using one of the procedures that have been used in prior studies of fraternal birth order. The results showed that the sex ratio of older brothers to older sisters was significantly higher than the expected value of 106 in all four of their study groups (heterosexually married men, homosexually married men, heterosexually married women, and homosexually married women). In contrast, the sex ratio of younger brothers to younger sisters approximated 106 in all four groups. According to this analysis, the only group whose data resembled data from previous studies was the homosexually married males. The writer concluded that one cannot interpret findings about the correlates of heterosexual and homosexual marriage as if they were findings about the correlates of heterosexual and homosexual orientation, and that this is underscored by comparing the markedly different older-sibling sex ratios obtained from heterosexually married persons (in the Danish study) and those obtained from heterosexually oriented persons (in previous studies). It is unclear what implications, if any, Frisch and Hviid's findings have for the study of sexual orientation in general.

Supporting Mentoring Relationships of Youth in Foster Care: Do Program Practices Predict Match Length?

PubMed

Stelter, Rebecca L; Kupersmidt, Janis B; Stump, Kathryn N

2018-04-15

Implementation of research- and safety-based program practices enhance the longevity of mentoring relationships, in general; however, little is known about how mentoring programs might support the relationships of mentees in foster care. Benchmark program practices and Standards in the Elements of Effective Practice for Mentoring, 3rd Edition (MENTOR, 2009) were assessed in the current study as predictors of match longevity. Secondary data analyses were conducted on a national agency information management database from 216 Big Brothers Big Sisters agencies serving 641 youth in foster care and 70,067 youth not in care from across the United States (Mean = 11.59 years old at the beginning of their matches) in one-to-one, community-based (55.06%) and school- or site-based (44.94%) matches. Mentees in foster care had shorter matches and matches that were more likely to close prematurely than mentees who were not in foster care. Agency leaders from 32 programs completed a web-based survey describing their policies and practices. The sum total numbers of Benchmark program practices and Standards were associated with match length for 208 mentees in foster care; however, neither predicted premature match closure. Results are discussed in terms of how mentoring programs and their staff can support the mentoring relationships of high-risk youth in foster care. © Society for Community Research and Action 2018.

Pathways of influence in school-based mentoring: The mediating role of parent and teacher relationships☆

PubMed Central

Chan, Christian S.; Rhodes, Jean E.; Howard, Waylon J.; Lowe, Sarah R.; Schwartz, Sarah E.O.; Herrera, Carla

2013-01-01

This study explores the pathways through which school-based mentoring relationships are associated with improvements in elementary and high school students’ socio-emotional, academic, and behavioral outcomes. Participants in the study (N=526) were part of a national evaluation of the Big Brothers Big Sisters school-based mentoring programs, all of whom had been randomly assigned to receive mentoring at their schools over the course of one academic year. Students were assessed at the beginning and end of the school year. The results of structural equation modeling showed that mentoring relationship quality, as measured by the Youth-Centered Relationship scale and the Youth’s Emotional Engagement scale, was significantly associated with positive changes in youths’ relationships with parents and teachers, as measured by subscales of the Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, the Teacher Relationship Quality scale, and the Hemingway Measure of Adolescent Connectedness. Higher quality relationships with parents and teachers, in turn, were significantly associated with better youth outcomes, including self-esteem, academic attitudes, prosocial behaviors, and misconduct. The effect sizes of the associations ranged from 0.12 to 0.52. Mediation analysis found that mentoring relationship quality was indirectly associated with some of the outcomes through its association with improved parent and teacher relationships. Implications of the findings for theory and research are discussed. PMID:23375177

Sibling Relationships and Adjustment in Children with Disabled and Nondisabled Brothers and Sisters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McHale, Susan M.; And Others

A study was made of relationships between particular family dynamics and the well-being of children with disabled siblings. Attention focused on the relation to children's adjustment of three issues emphasized in the literature: (1) children's family responsibilities, including sibling caregiving and household tasks, which may be more demanding…

Brothers, Sisters and Fictive Kin: Communication about Sex among Urban Black Siblings

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wallace, Scyatta A.; Hooper, Lisa M.; Persad, Malini

2014-01-01

Siblings have been shown to influence youth substance use and violent behavior. However, limited research has examined sibling-influences on sexual activity, particularly among urban Black youth. The current qualitative research was an exploratory study to describe discussions among siblings about sex and sexual health. Individual interviews were…

Sibling Relationships and Adjustment of Children with Disabled Brothers and Sisters.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McHale, Susan M.; Gamble, Wendy C.

1987-01-01

Examination of children with disabled siblings reveals that nondisabled children may treat their siblings more kindly and spend more time caring for them than do children with nondisabled siblings. Their experiences may produce more worries and anxieties; however, they also may develop more tolerance and humanitarian concerns. (Author/BJV)

Predictors of Future Caregiving by Adult Siblings of Individuals with Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Burke, Meghan M.; Taylor, Julie Lounds; Urbano, Richard; Hodapp, Robert M.

2012-01-01

With the growing life expectancy for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities, siblings will increasingly assume responsibility for the care of their brother or sister with intellectual and developmental disabilities. Using a 163-item survey completed by 757 siblings, the authors identified factors related to future caregiving…

11 CFR 100.93 - Travel by aircraft or other means of transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... traveled or within seven (7) calendar days thereof. The payment rate must be determined by the time the... member” of a candidate is the father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, husband, wife, father-in... (d), not this section. (3) For the purposes of this section: (i) Campaign traveler means (A) Any...

11 CFR 100.93 - Travel by aircraft or other means of transportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... traveled or within seven (7) calendar days thereof. The payment rate must be determined by the time the... member” of a candidate is the father, mother, son, daughter, brother, sister, husband, wife, father-in... (d), not this section. (3) For the purposes of this section: (i) Campaign traveler means (A) Any...

What We Learn from Our Sisters and Brothers: For Better or for Worse

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kramer, Laurie; Conger, Katherine J.

2009-01-01

Siblings have considerable influence on one another's development throughout childhood, yet most human development research has neglected sibling socialization. Through this volume, we aim to enhance our understanding of how siblings play formative roles in one another's social and emotional development. We examine the mechanisms by which children…

Foundations for Emotional Intervention with Siblings of the Mentally Disabled

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Iriarte, Concha; Ibarrola-Garcia, Sara

2010-01-01

Introduction: It is very important to attend to the emotional experience of disabled persons' siblings. Instead of ignoring, minimizing or exaggerating their psychosocial needs, this article promotes thoughtful consideration of the wide range of emotional aspects--both positive and negative--that arise from having a disabled brother or sister.…

20 CFR 410.214 - Conditions of entitlement; parent, brother, or sister.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... MINE HEALTH AND SAFETY ACT OF 1969, TITLE IV-BLACK LUNG BENEFITS (1969- ) Requirements for Entitlement... years after the miner's death, whichever is later, or it is shown to the satisfaction of the... chapter), at the time of the miner's death. (c) In addition to the requirements set forth in paragraphs (a...

20 CFR 725.201 - Who is entitled to benefits; contents of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... (2) The surviving spouse or surviving divorced spouse or, where neither exists, the child of a... spouse, child, or parent, of a miner, where the deceased miner; (i) Was receiving benefits under section... entitlement to benefits applicable to a miner, or a surviving spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister, and...

75 FR 67629 - Federal Travel Regulation (FTR); Terms and Definitions for “Dependent”, “Domestic Partner...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-11-03

... partners of Federal employees, and, where applicable, to the children of same- sex domestic partners of... include ``Domestic partner'' and children, dependent parents, and dependent brothers and sisters of the... respective departments and agencies to determine what authority they have to extend such benefits to same-sex...

A Migrant Family.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Brimner, Larry Dane

This book incorporates many photographs portraying the life of a migrant family in a camp near San Diego, California. Houses in the camp are built of salvaged plywood with plastic sheets as roofs. Twelve-year-old Juan and his two younger brothers sleep on an old mattress atop a plywood platform. Juan's mother, stepfather, and younger sister sleep…

The Forgotten Children--Siblings of the Handicapped: A Family Systems Perspective.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hanold, Eleanor Johnson

This study examined dynamics of families with handicapped children by focusing on the emotional, intellectual, and behavioral manner in which the undiagnosed siblings experience the diagnosis and existence of a brother's or sister's handicap within the context of their families. Subjects were 8 socioeconomically middle class families consisting of…

20 CFR 725.201 - Who is entitled to benefits; contents of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... spouse, child, or parent, of a miner, where the deceased miner; (i) Was receiving benefits under section... entitlement to benefits applicable to a miner, or a surviving spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister, and... (2) The surviving spouse or surviving divorced spouse or, where neither exists, the child of a...

20 CFR 725.201 - Who is entitled to benefits; contents of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... spouse, child, or parent, of a miner, where the deceased miner; (i) Was receiving benefits under section... entitlement to benefits applicable to a miner, or a surviving spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister, and... (2) The surviving spouse or surviving divorced spouse or, where neither exists, the child of a...

20 CFR 725.201 - Who is entitled to benefits; contents of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... spouse, child, or parent, of a miner, where the deceased miner; (i) Was receiving benefits under section... entitlement to benefits applicable to a miner, or a surviving spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister, and... (2) The surviving spouse or surviving divorced spouse or, where neither exists, the child of a...

Relationship of Order and Number of Siblings to Perceived Parental Attitudes in Childhood.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kitamura, Toshinori; Sugawara, Masumi; Shima, Satoru; Toda, Mari A.

1998-01-01

Explores the relationship between numbers and sexes of siblings and perceived rearing practices. Uses the Parental Bonding Instrument to rate responses of 1,145 pregnant Japanese women. Determines participants with more older sisters felt their parents were less caring; participants with more brothers, specifically younger, saw their parents as…

An Analysis of Tactical Military Airlift

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-09-01

an officer; Ashley Donoho and Walinda Enoch, my brother and sister; and Shane Dies, my best friend, who taught me to play guitar - a hobby that has...1969: 29). The book Hell in a Very Small Place, a classic history of Dienbienphu by Bernard B. Fall, made many people in the United States skeptical

Everyday Learning about Brothers & Sisters. Everyday Learning Series. Volume 3, Number 2

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mackey, Gerrie

2005-01-01

The "Everyday Learning" series has been developed to focus attention on the everyday ways in which children can be supported in their growth and development. It is for all those who are involved in children's development and learning, including early childhood professionals in all children's services, parents, grandparents and others…

Chinese herbal medicine, sibship, and blood lead in children.

PubMed

Cheng, T J; Wong, R H; Lin, Y P; Hwang, Y H; Horng, J J; Wang, J D

1998-08-01

Risk factors for increased blood lead concentration (BPb) has been investigated. However, the effect of sibship and Chinese herbal medicine on BPb has not been systematically studied. In this study BPb data from voluntary testing was used to determine if Chinese herbal medicine and sibship were associated with BPb. 319 children aged 1-7 were tested for BPb. Meanwhile, parents were interviewed to obtain information including consumption of Chinese herbal medicine, living environment, lifestyle, and sibship of the children tested. The mean (SD) BPb of 319 preschool children was 4.4 (2.4) micrograms/dl. The consumption of Ba-baw-san (a Chinese herbal medicine) was significantly associated with increased BPb in children (p = 0.038). Further multivariate regression analysis of BPb in 50 pairs of siblings showed the factors of being brothers explained 75% of variation for BPb, and being sisters and brother-sister explained 51% and 41% of variation respectively. Chinese herbal medicine and children's play patterns within the family expressed in different types of sibship are the main determinants of low concentrations of BPb in preschool children of Taiwan.

Challenging stereotypes? The older woman in the TV series Brothers & Sisters.

PubMed

Oró-Piqueras, Maricel

2014-12-01

The TV series, Brothers & Sisters, broadcast from 2006 to 2011 by ABC (USA) and a year later by Channel 4 (UK) with quite high audience rates, starts when the patriarchal figure, William Walker, dies of a heart attack and two female figures around their sixties come center stage: his wife, Nora Walker, and his long-term lover, Holly Harper. Once the patriarchal figure disappears, the female characters regain visibility by entering the labor market and starting relationships with other men. In that sense, both protagonists experience aging as a time in which they are increasingly freed from social and family constraints. However, their roles as nurturers keep on bringing them back to the domestic space in which they are safe from being involved in uncomfortable and unsuitable situations. Drawing on previous studies on the representation of the older woman in fictional media, this article intends to discern to what extent stereotypes related to the older woman are challenged through the two main protagonists of a contemporary TV series. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Understanding the experiences and service needs of siblings of individuals with first-episode psychosis: a phenomenological study.

PubMed

Sin, Jacqueline; Moone, Nicki; Harris, Paul; Scully, Elizabeth; Wellman, Nigel

2012-02-01

Despite recent focus on developing family-inclusive services to meet the needs of young people with first-episode psychosis, the needs of their siblings are often overlooked. This study explored the experiences and needs of siblings of young adults with first-episode psychosis receiving support from two Early Intervention in Psychosis Services in South-East England. Thirty-one siblings aged 11-35 years, were given a semi-structured interview to gather their perspectives and accounts of their lived experiences. The resultant rich qualitative data was analysed using responsive-reader and framework methods. Six themes were identified: siblings' roles and involvement; emotions; impact on relationships; coping patterns; resilience; and siblings' service needs. All participants had been greatly affected by the onset of the psychosis in their brother or sister. Most siblings did not identify themselves as carers, although most played a significant part in their brother's or sister's life. Participants wanted dynamic, robust and accessible services, especially information and peer support to meet their needs. © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd.

Evaluation of social and demographic characteristics of incest cases in a university hospital in Turkey

PubMed Central

Yildirim, Ali; Ozer, Erdal; Bozkurt, Hasan; Ozsoy, Sait; Enginyurt, Ozgur; Evcuman, Durmus; Yilmaz, Riza; Kuyucu, Yunus Emre

2014-01-01

Background Incest is defined as any sexual activity between close blood relatives including step relatives and family members who are forbidden by law to marry. It is a problem that can be seen in all the social classes in developed and undeveloped societies. The World Health Organization classifies this problem as a silent health emergency. Father-daughter incest is reported to be the most common incest type followed by the other types like brother-sister, sister-sister and mother-son incest. Material/Methods Subjects for this study were recruited from a sample of incest cases referred to Forensic Medicine Department of Gaziosmanpasa University Medical Faculty Hospital between 2008 and 2012. Data involved social and demographic characteristics and clinical features of victims, perpetrators and the families. The ethical committee of the faculty of medicine approved the study. Results The study sample consisted of 43 incest cases (36 females and 7 males) with an age rage 4–40 years. Two third of the victims were under 18 years old. All perpetrators were males. Father – daughter incest (34.9%) was found to be most common incest type followed by brother – sister incest (14%). 75% of the perpetrators were family members and relatives with consanguinity while 25% of them were not consanguineous but faithful and intimate relatives to victims. Conclusions Increasing awareness about incest and its damaging effects is so important and clinicians should keep in mind sexual abuse or incest when examining the risky population. Multidisciplinary approach is necessary for determining short term or long term results and preventing the negative consequences of incest. PMID:24770724

Isolated familial somatotropinomas: clinical features and analysis of the MEN1 gene.

PubMed

De Menis, Ernesto; Prezant, Toni R

2002-01-01

Isolated familial somatotropinomas (IFS) rarely occurs in the absence of multiple endocrine neoplasia type I (MEN1) or the Carney complex. In the present study we report two Italian siblings affected by GH-secreting adenomas. There was no history of parental consanguinity. The sister presented at 18 years of age with secondary amenorrhea and acromegalic features and one of her two brothers presented with gigantism at the same age. Endocrinological investigations confirmed GH hypersecretion in both cases. Although a pituitary microadenoma was detected in both patients, transsphenoidal surgery was not successful. The sister received conventional radiotherapy and acromegaly is now considered controlled; the brother is being treated with octreotide LAR 30 mg monthly and the disease is considered clinically active. Patients, their parents and the unaffected brother underwent extensive evaluation, and no features of MEN1 or Carney complex were found. Analysis of polymorphic microsatellite markers from chromosome 11q13 (D11S599, D11S4945, D11S4939, D11S4938 and D11S987) showed that the acromegalic siblings had inherited different maternal chromosomes and shared the paternal chromosome. No pathogenic MEN1 sequence changes were detected by sequencing or dideoxy fingerprinting of the coding sequence (exons 2-10) and exon/intron junctions. Although mutations in the promoter, introns or untranslated regions of the MEN1 gene cannot be excluded, germline mutations within the coding region of this gene do not appear responsible for IFS in this family.

Effects of Older Brother-Younger Sister Incest: A Study of the Dynamics of 17 Cases.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Laviola, Marisa

1992-01-01

This study of 17 cases of incest between siblings found the women commonly experienced mistrust of men and women, chronic low or negative self-esteem, sexual response difficulties, and intrusive thoughts of the incest. Individual therapy, talking with supportive family and friends, and validating themselves as victims were seen as helpful.…

Long-Term Follow-up Study of Children Developmentally Retarded by Early Environmental Deprivation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fujinaga, Tamotsu; And Others

This paper reports on a 14-year follow-up study of two developmentally retarded Japanese children, a brother and sister, who had been kept shut up in a small shack before being rescued (at ages 5 and 6 respectively). Following birth they consistently suffered malnutrition, maternal deprivation, social isolation from adults, language deprivation,…

Siblings of Individuals with Autism or Down Syndrome: Effects on Adult Lives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Orsmond, Gael. I.; Seltzer, M. M.

2007-01-01

Background: In this study, we examine instrumental and affective involvement in the sibling relationship for adults who have a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) or Down syndrome (DS). We ask three research questions: (1) How do adult siblings of individuals with ASD differ from siblings of individuals with DS in their…

Public, Private, and Home School Children's Views of Forgiveness and Retribution in "Cinderella."

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Knafle, June D.; Wescott, Alice Legenza

Fifth Graders (N=626) from public, Catholic, Christian, and home schools reacted to values of forgiveness versus retribution in the two main versions of "Cinderella" by choosing which ending they preferred for themselves, for a 4-year old sister, and for a 4-year old brother. Girls preferred the forgiveness ending for themselves…

Campus Ministers in Northeastern Catholic Secondary Schools: Servant Leaders for Today's Crisis in Adolescent Faith Development

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sullivan, Christian Patrick

2011-01-01

With declining numbers of priests and religious sisters and brothers, principals and other Catholic school leaders need assistance in maintaining the Catholic identity and mission-related activities of their schools. One answer to the shortages of ordained priests has been employing lay campus ministers to help students in developing their faith…

Sibling Relationships: Parent-Child Agreement and Contributions of Siblings with and without ASD

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Braconnier, Megan L.; Coffman, Marika C.; Kelso, Nicole; Wolf, Julie M.

2018-01-01

Research on the experiences of siblings of individuals with ASD and the quality of their sibling relationships has yielded mixed results. The present study examined the significance of parent- versus child-report of both positive and negative behaviors exhibited by siblings and their brothers and sisters with ASD within sibling dyads. Findings…

20 CFR 410.216 - “Good cause” for delayed filing of proof of support.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... support. 410.216 Section 410.216 Employees' Benefits SOCIAL SECURITY ADMINISTRATION FEDERAL COAL MINE... of support. (a) What constitutes “good cause.” Good cause may be found for failure to file proof of support within the 2-year period where the parent, brother, or sister establishes to the satisfaction of...

Coping by Siblings of the Handicapped: The Role of Altruistic Helping.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Midlarsky, Elizabeth; Hannah, Mary Elizabeth

The paper examines the possible role of siblings of handicapped children in helping or caretaking. A review of the literature is performed as a basis for proposing that there are circumstances in which intrinsically motivated, or altruistic, helping may be a more adaptive approach to coping with a handicapped brother or sister than other…

Developing Support for Siblings of Young People with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Conway, Sally; Meyer, Donald

2008-01-01

In the USA and UK, at least one in ten children and young people have special health, developmental and mental health concerns. Most of these people have typically developing brothers and sisters. As the people who, over the course of their lifetimes together, will be most involved with their siblings with special needs, it is important that…

Babbitt's Brothers & Sisters: Raising Ethical Issues in Business Literature.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Halpern, Jeanne W.

A college-level course in business literature is an ideal place to raise and discuss ethical issues. To be successful, a teacher of this course must engage student interest, help the students articulate and understand their own ethical attitudes, clarify the stance and artistry of the author, and refine student responses to ethical questions. When…

The Brothers and Sisters Learn To Write: Popular Literacies in Childhood and School Cultures.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dyson, Anne Haas

Building on the author's groundbreaking work in "Building Superheroes," this book traces the influence of a wide-ranging set of "textual toys" from children's lives--church and hip-hop songs, rap music, movies, TV, traditional jump-rope rhymes, the words of professional sports announcers and radio deejays--upon school learning…

The Vocation of the Catholic Educator. The NCEA Catholic Educational Leadership Monograph Series.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacobs, Richard M.

The decline in the number of Catholic sisters, brothers, and priests serving as teachers and administrators in Catholic schools has been accompanied by an increase in the number of men and women educators from the laity. This handbook presents guidelines for preparing the laity to teach and administer effectively in Catholic schools. Specifically,…

In pursuit of sisterhood: adult siblings as a resource for combined individual and family therapy.

PubMed

Kahn, M D; Bank, S

1981-03-01

Therapists traditionally view brothers and sisters as rivalrous and self-seeking. Under carefully arranged conditions, however, siblings can learn to cooperate with each other to resolve important conflicts in family relationships. This case documents a dramatic change in the relationship between a 29-year-old woman and her father, the outcome of a three-step therapeutic intervention in which sibling dynamics were selectively used by the psychotherapist. As part of her individual therapy, the therapist first aroused the woman's discontent with her status as the neglected "baby of the family." Next, a series of meetings were held with the woman and her three sisters that permitted resolution of their previous anger and misunderstandings, thus helping them to become a more cohesive group of sisters. The third step brought the sisters, now as allies both of the identified patient and of the therapist, into a constructive confrontation with the parents. This resulted in lasting personal change for the identified patient and improved relationships throughout the entire family.

Relationship of order and number of siblings to perceived parental attitudes in childhood.

PubMed

Kitamura, T; Sugawara, M; Shima, S; Toda, M A

1998-06-01

Despite the increasingly recognized link between perceived parenting behavior and the onset of psychopathology in adults, studies of the possible determinants of perceptions of parenting behavior are rare. In a sample of 1,145 pregnant Japanese women, correlations were examined between the numbers and sexes of siblings and perceived rearing practices, as rated by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI; Parker, Tupling, & Brown, 1979). The participants with more elder sisters viewed their parents' attitudes as less caring, whereas those with more brothers, particularly younger brothers, viewed their parents' attitudes as less overprotective. However, the proportion of the variance of all the PBI scores explained by different types of siblings was very small.

Sibship Size and Gendered Resource Dilution in Different Societal Contexts

PubMed Central

Kalmijn, Matthijs

2016-01-01

Resource dilution theory hypothesizes that children’s educational attainment suffers from being raised with many siblings, as the parental resources have to be shared with more children. Based on economic and cultural theories, we hypothesize that resource dilution is gendered: especially a larger number of brothers is harmful to a person’s educational attainment. Using the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe, covering 18 European countries, we show that the number of brothers is more negatively related with the odds of obtaining a college degree than the number of sisters. This holds particularly for women. However, this pattern is weaker in countries that are known to have a more gender-egalitarian climate. PMID:27560371

The Younger Siblings of Teenage Mothers: A Follow-Up of Their Pregnancy Risk

PubMed Central

East, Patricia L.; Jacobson, Leanne J.

2013-01-01

This study followed 243 younger brothers and younger sisters of parenting teens and nonparenting teens across a 1.5-year period. The average age of siblings was 13.6 years at Time 1 and 15 years at Time 2. Relative to other youths, the sisters of parenting teens exhibited a sharp increase in drug and alcohol use and partying behavior across time and had the highest pregnancy rate at Time 2 (15%). The siblings of parenting teens spent 10 hr a week caring for their sisters’ children, and, for girls, many hours of child care was associated with negative outcomes including permissive sexual behavior. Findings suggest that the younger sisters of parenting teens are at very high risk of early pregnancy and that this risk becomes increasingly pronounced across time. PMID:11269393

The Role of Program-Supported Mentoring Relationships in Promoting Youth Mental Health, Behavioral and Developmental Outcomes.

PubMed

DeWit, David J; DuBois, David; Erdem, Gizem; Larose, Simon; Lipman, Ellen L

2016-07-01

This study examined the relationship between youth mentoring status and behavioral, developmental, and emotional outcomes for 859 youths aged 6-17 participating in a national survey of Big Brothers Big Sisters community mentoring relationships (MRs). Youth self-reported behaviors and mental health occurred at the baseline assessment (before being paired to a mentor) and at 18 months follow-up. Youth mentoring status was categorized as follows: (1) continuous MR less than 12 months (n = 131); (2) continuous MR 12 or more months (n = 253); (3) dissolved MR less than 12 months (n = 110); (4) dissolved MR 12 or more months (n = 70); 5) MR with a second mentor (re-matched; n = 83); and (6); never mentored (n = 212). Structural equation model results at 18 months revealed that mentored youths, especially those in MR lasting 12 or more months (continuous or dissolved), reported significantly fewer behavioral problems and fewer symptoms of depression and social anxiety than did non-mentored youths. They also reported stronger coping skills and emotional support from parents. Mentored girls and boys in long-term relationships experienced positive outcomes. Re-matched girls displayed better outcomes than did never-mentored girls while there was some evidence of harmful outcomes for re-matched boys. Threats to internal validity are examined including the possibility of pre-existing baseline differences between mentored and non-mentored youths. Implications for mentoring programs are discussed.

Sex of preceding sibling and anthropometrics of subsequent offspring at birth and in young adulthood: a population-based study in Sweden.

PubMed

Jelenkovic, Aline; Silventoinen, Karri; Tynelius, Per; Helle, Samuli; Rasmussen, Finn

2014-08-01

In many mammal species with sexual dimorphism producing sons is energetically more demanding to the mother than producing daughters. Although some studies in humans have suggested that offspring born after a brother have a smaller birth weight and adult height when compared with those born after a sister, little is known about this intergenerational cost of producing sons. We aimed to study whether the sex of preceding sibling is associated with anthropometrics of the subsequent child at birth and in young adulthood. This population-based study was carried out on two data sets derived from the Swedish registers. Information on birth weight and length was obtained for 752,723 children of both sexes. Adult weight, height and muscle strength were available for 506,326 men. Multiple linear regression analyses showed that boys and girls born after a brother were, respectively, 18 and 9 g lighter and 0.08 and 0.03 cm (P < 0.001) shorter at birth than those born after a sister. Adjustment for gestational age decreased the magnitude of the associations [10 g and 0.04 cm (P < 0.001) in men and nonsignificant estimates in women], suggesting that part of the lower mean birth weight and length of individuals born after a brother was due to a shorter gestation. In young adulthood, men with a preceding brother showed 0.16 kg more in weight, 0.3% higher body mass index (P < 0.001) and a trend towards reduced height and muscle strength. Our results suggest that even though the sex of the previous child is associated with the anthropometrics of the subsequent child, the effect sizes are very small questioning whether this mechanism has adaptive value in contemporary humans. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

I'll Never Forget Mr. White: A Teacher's Legacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waddell, Andy

2012-01-01

A man died last summer. At 78, he was neither old enough nor young enough for his passing to make news. His obituary was two paragraphs long. The "San Jose Mercury News" simply stated that Edward A. White was survived by "his brother Mike, his sister Mary and his many loving nieces and nephews." "As a passionate High School English Teacher" the…

Theoretical Dimensions of Small Unit Resilience

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-12-01

ending process and everyday and every experience offers a new education. Keep learning and keep moving forward. To my brother and sister Soldiers...strategies and coping mechanisms. 13 Unit Leadership and Coping Willingness to Seek Care Reducing Barriers to Care Family and Marital Support...identifies the following 10 combat skills: Buddies (Cohesion) Accountability Targeted Aggression 14 15 Tactical Awareness Lethally Armed Emotional

The Effect of Stresses and Challenges on ’A’ School Students’ Performance and Commitment.

DTIC Science & Technology

1982-01-01

ethnic background, birth order , and size of home town. b. Personality measures were assessed using 14 scales from Gough and Heilbrun’s (1965) 300-item...sisters do yott have _ brother sL-ters 11. hat. is your birth order ? (firsc born, the third born, etc.) 12. Please circle the ausber which best

"You Can Do Nasty Things to Your Brothers and Sisters without a Reason": Siblings' Backstage Behaviour

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Punch, Samantha

2008-01-01

This article contributes to the recent, but still limited, literature on the sociology of sibship. It argues that during childhood the ambivalent love/hate nature of sibship is played out through the sharing of knowledge, time and space. It draws on the work of Goffman to illustrate that children's sibling interactions tend to consist of…

Mothers' Differential Treatment of Adolescent Siblings: Predicting College Attendance of Sisters versus Brothers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bissell-Havran, Joanna M.; Loken, Eric; McHale, Susan M.

2012-01-01

Current estimates suggest that by 2015, 60% of college students will be women, a change since 1970 when 59% were men. We investigated family dynamics that might explain the growing gender gap in college attendance, focusing on an ethnically diverse sample of 522 mixed sex sibling dyads from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. We…

Scalable and Manageable Storage Systems

DTIC Science & Technology

2000-12-01

Despite our long- distance relationship, my brothers and sisters, Charfeddine, Amel, Ghazi, Hajer, Nabeel , and Ines overwhelmed me with more love and...that enable storage sys - tems to be more cost-effectively scalable. Furthermore, the dissertation proposes an approach to ensure automatic load...and addresses three key technical challenges to making storage sys - tems more cost-effectively scalable and manageable. 1.2 Dissertation research The

Child, Parent and Family Factors as Predictors of Adjustment for Siblings of Children with a Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giallo, R.; Gavidia-Payne, S.

2006-01-01

Background: Siblings adjust to having a brother or sister with a disability in diverse ways. This study investigated a range of child, parent and family factors as predictors of sibling adjustment outcomes. Methods: Forty-nine siblings (aged 7-16 years) and parents provided information about (1) sibling daily hassles and uplifts; (2) sibling…

The State of the World's Children, 2013: Children with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

UNICEF, 2013

2013-01-01

Reports such as this typically begin with a statistic designed to highlight a problem. The girls and boys to whom this edition of "The State of the World's Children" is dedicated are not problems. Rather, each is a sister, brother or friend who has a favourite dish, song or game; a daughter or son with dreams and the desire to fulfil…

"Recognized, Valued and Supported"? The Experiences of Adult Siblings of People with Autism Plus Learning Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Tozer, Rosemary; Atkin, Karl

2015-01-01

Background: The potential of adult siblings to offer long-term support to a brother or sister with autism is rarely realized. To understand this, our study explores the expectations of social care among adult siblings. Method: Using qualitative interviews, we spoke to 21 adult siblings about their family relationships and engagement with service…

I Am My Brother's (and Sister's) Keeper: Jewish Values and the Counseling Process.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Weinrach, Stephen G.

2003-01-01

Rejoinder to M. S. Kiselica's article, which is part of a dialogue in this issue on anti-Semitism in the counseling profession. Author has asserted that there has been a critical mass of anti-Semitic behavior within the counseling profession for more than three decades. Author also argues that while culture may influence behavior, it does not…

Adjustment of Siblings of Children with Mental Health Problems: Behaviour, Self-Concept, Quality of Life and Family Functioning

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Barnett, R. A.; Hunter, M.

2012-01-01

This study examined the adjustment of siblings of children with mental health problems. The participants had brothers or sisters receiving treatment at a Child and Adolescent Mental Health Service within the Hunter New England Health Service, New South Wales, Australia. Seventy-five siblings completed questionnaires on their self-concept, quality…

Sibling Voices: The Self-Reported Mental Health of Siblings of Children with a Disability

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Giallo, Rebecca; Gavidia-Payne, Susana; Minett, Belinda; Kapoor, Aparna

2012-01-01

Background: There is increasing interest in the experiences and well-being of siblings growing up with a brother or sister with a disability in Australia. However, research to date has primarily obtained parent reports of sibling adjustment and mental health. Therefore, the aim of the current study was threefold: (1) to report on the mental health…

20 CFR 725.201 - Who is entitled to benefits; contents of this subpart.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... parent, of a miner, who meet the conditions of entitlement set forth in § 725.222; or (5) The child of a... applicable to a miner, or a surviving spouse, child, parent, brother, or sister, and the events which...; or, (3) Where neither exists, the child of a deceased miner who meets the conditions of entitlement...

Family perspectives about Down syndrome.

PubMed

Skotko, Brian G; Levine, Susan P; Macklin, Eric A; Goldstein, Richard D

2016-04-01

National medical organizations recommend that during prenatal counseling sessions, healthcare providers discuss how having a child with Down syndrome (DS) might impact the family unit. Few studies, to date, have surveyed families about their life experiences. For this investigation, we examined 41 family attitudes, which were obtained from mailed questionnaires completed by 1,961 parents/guardians, 761 brothers/sisters, and 283 people with DS who were members of six DS non-profit organizations, chosen for their size, ethnic/racial diversities, and geographic distribution throughout the United States. About 83% of families reported to all being proud of the family member with DS, and 87% reported to all feeling love for the member with DS. Younger siblings (ages 9-11) were more likely to feel embarrassed by their sibling with DS if their parents/guardians also did. If one or more parents/guardians felt that their children without DS did have a good relationship with their child with DS, siblings were more likely to report that they loved and liked their brother/sister with DS. Overall, our data demonstrate that positive themes tend to dominate within modern-day families who have members with DS, although challenges were not insignificant for some. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Reproductive competition between females in the matrilineal Mosuo of southwestern China

PubMed Central

Ji, Ting; Wu, Jia-Jia; He, Qiao-Qiao; Xu, Jing-Jing; Mace, Ruth; Tao, Yi

2013-01-01

The matrilineal Mosuo of southwestern China live in communal households where brothers and sisters of three generations live together (duolocal residence), and men visit their wives, who reside elsewhere, only at night in ‘visiting’ marriages. Here we show that these communally breeding sisters are in reproductive conflict, in the sense that they share the resources needed to reproduce. We analyse determinants of reproductive success in females and males, and show that co-resident female kin are in competition; the more female kin reside in the household, the more reproductive success is reduced. Male reproductive success, however, is not determined by the kin in his natal household; duolocal males are not in reproductive conflict with their siblings. Competition with female cousins can be worse than that between sisters. We also find that female work on the farm (which is the main communal resource) is not equal. We use a ‘tug-of-war’ model of reproductive skew generated by incomplete control, to model the patterns of effort put into competition between sisters and cousins. The model predicts that more dominant (older) sisters will put less effort into reproductive conflict than will less dominant (younger) sisters; but younger sisters will also have lower reproductive success because they are less efficient at gaining access to the shared resource. Both predictions are consistent with our data. Younger sisters work less in the fields than do older sisters, which may represent a form of conflict or may be because their average relatedness to the household is lower than that of their more fertile older sisters. PMID:24167311

Cardiomyopathy and exercise intolerance in muscle glycogen storage disease 0.

PubMed

Kollberg, Gittan; Tulinius, Már; Gilljam, Thomas; Ostman-Smith, Ingegerd; Forsander, Gun; Jotorp, Peter; Oldfors, Anders; Holme, Elisabeth

2007-10-11

Storage of glycogen is essential for glucose homeostasis and for energy supply during bursts of activity and sustained muscle work. We describe three siblings with profound muscle and heart glycogen deficiency caused by a homozygous stop mutation (R462-->ter) in the muscle glycogen synthase gene. The oldest brother died from sudden cardiac arrest at the age of 10.5 years. Two years later, an 11-year-old brother showed muscle fatigability, hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, and an abnormal heart rate and blood pressure while exercising; a 2-year-old sister had no symptoms. In muscle-biopsy specimens obtained from the two younger siblings, there was lack of glycogen, predominance of oxidative fibers, and mitochondrial proliferation. Glucose tolerance was normal. Copyright 2007 Massachusetts Medical Society.

A brother and sister with breast cancer, BRCA2 mutations and bilateral supernumerary nipples

PubMed Central

Coad, Ryan

2017-01-01

We describe a 54-year-old man with breast cancer and a BRCA2 mutation who was also found to have bilateral supernumerary nipples. His sister, also with a BRCA2 mutation, was diagnosed with breast cancer in her late forties; she also had bilateral supernumerary nipples. We address the significance of breast cancer arising in breast tissue underlying supernumerary nipples; the known association between supernumerary nipples and genitourinary malignancies/malformations and the possible link between BRCA2 and supernumerary nipple development. We believe that this is the first described case of the latter. We then outline an approach to further management for supernumerary nipple cases. PMID:28361071

26 CFR 1.503(e)-4 - Disallowance of charitable deductions for certain gifts made before January 1, 1970.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... transaction occurred, then a deduction by the donor with respect to the gift or contribution shall not be disallowed under section 503(b) unless the donor (or any member of his family if the donor is an individual... defined in section 267(c)(4) and includes brothers and sisters, whether by whole or half blood, spouse...

The Birth and Development of Sociometry: The Work and Legacy of Jacob Moreno (1889-1974)

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marineau, Rene F.

2007-01-01

This article profiles Jacob Levy Moreno, the founder of this journal. He was born in 1889 in Romania, but moved to Vienna with his parents when he was four years of age. By all accounts, Moreno as a child was brilliant, spontaneous, creative and, presaging his later successes, was fascinated by relationships, first with his brothers and sisters,…

I'll Never Forget Mr. White: A Teacher's Legacy

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Waddell, Andy

2012-01-01

A man died last summer at 78. His obituary was two paragraphs long. The "San Jose Mercury News" simply stated that Edward A. White was survived by "his brother Mike, his sister Mary, and his many loving nieces and nephews." Like Willy Loman, he "never made a lot of money. His name was never in the paper." Only one short line from his obit showed…

Tolerance: Our Voice--An Elementary School Package in Support of Siblings of Children with Special Needs

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gopman, Beth Alswanger

2009-01-01

Although study and research focus on the needs of children with mental and physical disabilities, this pilot study focuses on the siblings of children with a special need (SCSN), those brothers and sisters who face unique stresses in their own lives. The study explores the world of the nondisabled siblings, identifies some of the problems they…

The Impact of Siblings with Disabilities on Their Brothers and Sisters Pursuing a Career in Special Education

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marks, Susan Unok; Matson, Amy; Barraza, Lori

2005-01-01

It is well known that growing up with a sibling who has a disability has both positive and negative impacts on the non-disabled sibling (Beckman, 2002; Fisman, Wolf, Ellison, & Freeman, 2000; Gans, 1997; McHugh, 2003). In fact, the concern for ameliorating the potential negative impacts on nondisabled siblings has been a major impetus for the…

Hypertension in Pregnancy and Future Cardiovascular Event Risk in Siblings.

PubMed

Weissgerber, Tracey L; Turner, Stephen T; Mosley, Thomas H; Kardia, Sharon L R; Hanis, Craig L; Milic, Natasa M; Garovic, Vesna D

2016-03-01

Hypertension in pregnancy is a risk factor for future hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This may reflect an underlying familial predisposition or persistent damage caused by the hypertensive pregnancy. We sought to isolate the effect of hypertension in pregnancy by comparing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in women who had hypertension in pregnancy and their sisters who did not using the dataset from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study, which examined the genetics of hypertension in white, black, and Hispanic siblings. This analysis included all sibships with at least one parous woman and at least one other sibling. After gathering demographic and pregnancy data, BP and serum analytes were measured. Disease-free survival was examined using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Compared with their sisters who did not have hypertension in pregnancy, women who had hypertension in pregnancy were more likely to develop new onset hypertension later in life, after adjusting for body mass index and diabetes (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.27-2.42). A sibling history of hypertension in pregnancy was also associated with an increased risk of hypertension in brothers and unaffected sisters, whereas an increased risk of cardiovascular events was observed in brothers only. These results suggest familial factors contribute to the increased risk of future hypertension in women who had hypertension in pregnancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of nonfamilial factors. Furthermore, a sibling history of hypertension in pregnancy may be a novel familial risk factor for future hypertension. Copyright © 2016 by the American Society of Nephrology.

Hypertension in Pregnancy and Future Cardiovascular Event Risk in Siblings

PubMed Central

Turner, Stephen T.; Mosley, Thomas H.; Kardia, Sharon L.R.; Hanis, Craig L.; Milic, Natasa M.; Garovic, Vesna D.

2016-01-01

Hypertension in pregnancy is a risk factor for future hypertension and cardiovascular disease. This may reflect an underlying familial predisposition or persistent damage caused by the hypertensive pregnancy. We sought to isolate the effect of hypertension in pregnancy by comparing the risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease in women who had hypertension in pregnancy and their sisters who did not using the dataset from the Genetic Epidemiology Network of Arteriopathy study, which examined the genetics of hypertension in white, black, and Hispanic siblings. This analysis included all sibships with at least one parous woman and at least one other sibling. After gathering demographic and pregnancy data, BP and serum analytes were measured. Disease-free survival was examined using Kaplan–Meier curves and Cox proportional hazards regression. Compared with their sisters who did not have hypertension in pregnancy, women who had hypertension in pregnancy were more likely to develop new onset hypertension later in life, after adjusting for body mass index and diabetes (hazard ratio 1.75, 95% confidence interval 1.27–2.42). A sibling history of hypertension in pregnancy was also associated with an increased risk of hypertension in brothers and unaffected sisters, whereas an increased risk of cardiovascular events was observed in brothers only. These results suggest familial factors contribute to the increased risk of future hypertension in women who had hypertension in pregnancy. Further studies are needed to clarify the potential role of nonfamilial factors. Furthermore, a sibling history of hypertension in pregnancy may be a novel familial risk factor for future hypertension. PMID:26315531

Big Brother Is Not Watching You Act

THOMAS, 113th Congress

Rep. Grayson, Alan [D-FL-9

2014-01-15

House - 03/20/2014 Referred to the Subcommittee on Crime, Terrorism, Homeland Security, and Investigations. (All Actions) Tracker: This bill has the status IntroducedHere are the steps for Status of Legislation:

Siblings' premarital childbearing and the timing of first sex in three major cities of Cote d'Ivoire.

PubMed

Diop-Sidibe, Nafissatou

2005-06-01

The association between youths' sexual and reproductive attitudes and behaviors and those of their peers and parents has been documented; however, information on siblings' influence is scarce, especially for developing countries. Data on 1,395 female and 1,242 male survey respondents aged 15-24 from three cities in Côte d'Ivoire were analyzed. Life-table analysis was conducted to examine respondents' probability of remaining sexually inexperienced according to siblings' history of premarital childbearing. Cox multivariate regressions were used to estimate respondents' relative risks of sexual debut by age 17 and by age 24. At any age between 15 and 24 years, the life-table probability of remaining sexually inexperienced was typically lower among persons who had at least one sibling with a premarital birth than among those who had no such sibling. In general, among those with at least one sibling who had had a premarital birth, the probability was lower if the sibling or siblings and the respondent were of the same gender rather than opposite genders, and the probability was lowest among those who had a brother and a sister with a history of premarital childbearing. In the multivariate analysis for males, having one or more brothers only, or having at least one brother and at least one sister, with a history of premarital childbearing was associated with increased relative risks of being sexually experienced by ages 17 and 24. No such association was found for females. Programs that seek to reduce premarital sexual activity among young people should develop strategies that take into account the potential influence of siblings.

Is 1984 Coming or Is It Here?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McGowan, William F.

1983-01-01

Warns that relying on computers or quick accountability solutions to our educational or moral dilemma only increases the forces of both good and evil and hastens the day of "1984" and Big Brother. (MM)

26 CFR 1.1502-11 - Consolidated taxable income.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

.... Brother-sister subsidiaries. (a) P owns all of the stock of S1 and S2, each with a $50 basis. For Year 1, the group has a $100 consolidated net operating loss ($50 of which is attributable to S1, and $50 to... close of Year 1, P sells the stock of S1 and S2 for $100 each. (b) Paragraph (b)(4) of this section does...

Multifocal recurrent periostitis responsive to colchicine.

PubMed

Festen, J J; Kuipers, F C; Schaars, A H

1985-01-01

A brother and sister with multifocal recurrent periostitis are presented. Their disease started at an early age and manifested itself as an episodic migrating arthropathy. At roentgenography, reversible solid periosteal reactions were visible along large tubular bones. Scintigraphic and histological investigations revealed a sterile osteitis and thickened periosteum, but there was no indication of a viral infection. The girl experienced spontaneous amelioration after puberty; the boy improved markedly on colchicine.

Prenatal influences on sexual orientation: digit ratio (2D:4D) and number of older siblings.

PubMed

Kangassalo, Katariina; Pölkki, Mari; Rantala, Markus J

2011-10-10

Prenatal androgen levels are suggested to influence sexual orientation in both sexes. The 2D:4D digit ratio has been found to associate with sexual orientation, but published findings have often been contradictory, which may partly be due to the large ethnic diversity between and within studied populations. In men, number of older brothers has been found to correlate positively with homosexuality. This phenomenon has been explained with a maternal immune reaction, which is provoked only by male fetuses and which gets stronger after each pregnancy. Here we assessed the relationship of sexual orientation to 2D:4D ratios and number of older siblings in Finland, where the population is found to be genetically relatively homogeneous. As in many previous studies, heterosexual men had lower 2D:4D than non-heterosexual men, which supports the notion that non- heterosexual men experience higher androgen levels in utero than population norms. Contrary to previous reports, non-heterosexual women had higher 2D:4D than heterosexual women. Non-heterosexual men had more older brothers and older sisters than heterosexual men. The greater number of older sisters in non-heterosexual men indicates that there are other factors that contribute to the higher birth order of homosexual men than the maternal immunization.

Using Twins to Better Understand Sibling Relationships.

PubMed

Mark, Katharine M; Pike, Alison; Latham, Rachel M; Oliver, Bonamy R

2017-03-01

We compared the nature of the sibling relationship in dyads of varying genetic relatedness, employing a behavioural genetic design to estimate the contribution that genes and the environment have on this familial bond. Two samples were used-the Sisters and Brothers Study consisted of 173 families with two target non-twin children (mean ages = 7.42 and 5.22 years respectively); and the Twins, Family and Behaviour study included 234 families with two target twin children (mean age = 4.70 years). Mothers and fathers reported on their children's relationship with each other, via a postal questionnaire (the Sisters and Brothers Study) or a telephone interview (the Twins, Family and Behaviour study). Contrary to expectations, no mean level differences emerged when monozygotic twin pairs, dizygotic twin pairs, and non-twin pairs were compared on their sibling relationship quality. Behavioural genetic analyses also revealed that the sibling bond was modestly to moderately influenced by the genetic propensities of the children within the dyad, and moderately to substantially influenced by the shared environment common to both siblings. In addition, for sibling negativity, we found evidence of twin-specific environmental influence-dizygotic twins showed more reciprocity than did non-twins. Our findings have repercussions for the broader application of results from future twin-based investigations.

Familiality of gender identity disorder in non-twin siblings.

PubMed

Gómez-Gil, Esther; Esteva, Isabel; Almaraz, M Cruz; Pasaro, Eduardo; Segovia, Santiago; Guillamon, Antonio

2010-04-01

Familial studies and reports of co-occurrence of gender identity disorder (GID) within a family may help to clarify the question of whether transsexualism is a familial phenomenon. In a sample of 995 consecutive transsexual probands (677 male-to-female [MF] and 318 female-to-male [FM]), we report 12 pairs of transsexual non-twin siblings (nine pairs of MF siblings, two pairs of MF-FM siblings, and one pair of FM siblings). The present study doubles the number of case reports of co-occurrence of transsexualism in non-twin siblings available in the literature. According to our data, the probability that a sibling of a transsexual will also be transsexual was 4.48 times higher for siblings of MF than for siblings of FM transsexual probands, and 3.88 times higher for the brothers than for the sisters of transsexual probands. Moreover, the prevalence of transsexualism in siblings of transsexuals (1/211 siblings) was much higher than the range expected according to the prevalence data of transsexualism in Spain. The study suggests that siblings of transsexuals may have a higher risk of being transsexual than the general population, and that the risk is higher for brothers than sisters of transsexuals, and for siblings of MF than FM transsexuals. Nevertheless, the risk is low.

Sibling rivalry: training effects, emergence of dominance and incomplete control.

PubMed

Benhaiem, Sarah; Hofer, Heribert; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; Brunner, Edgar; East, Marion L

2012-09-22

Within-brood or -litter dominance provides fitness-related benefits if dominant siblings selfishly skew access to food provided by parents in their favour. Models of facultative siblicide assume that dominants exert complete control over their subordinate sibling's access to food and that control is maintained, irrespective of the subordinate's hunger level. By contrast, a recent functional hypothesis suggests that subordinates should contest access to food when the cost of not doing so is high. Here, we show that within spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) twin litters, dominants most effectively skew access to maternal milk in their favour when their aggression prompts a highly submissive response. When hungry, subordinates were less submissive in response to aggression, thereby decreasing lost suckling time and increasing suckling time lost by dominants. In a species where adult females socially dominate adult males, juvenile females were more often dominant than males in mixed-sex litters, and subordinate sisters used more effective counter-tactics against dominant brothers than subordinate brothers against dominant sisters. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence in a mammal that dominant offspring in twin litters do not exert complete control over their sibling's access to resources (milk), and that sibling dominance relationships are influenced by sibling sex and training effects.

Sibling rivalry: training effects, emergence of dominance and incomplete control

PubMed Central

Benhaiem, Sarah; Hofer, Heribert; Kramer-Schadt, Stephanie; Brunner, Edgar; East, Marion L.

2012-01-01

Within-brood or -litter dominance provides fitness-related benefits if dominant siblings selfishly skew access to food provided by parents in their favour. Models of facultative siblicide assume that dominants exert complete control over their subordinate sibling's access to food and that control is maintained, irrespective of the subordinate's hunger level. By contrast, a recent functional hypothesis suggests that subordinates should contest access to food when the cost of not doing so is high. Here, we show that within spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta) twin litters, dominants most effectively skew access to maternal milk in their favour when their aggression prompts a highly submissive response. When hungry, subordinates were less submissive in response to aggression, thereby decreasing lost suckling time and increasing suckling time lost by dominants. In a species where adult females socially dominate adult males, juvenile females were more often dominant than males in mixed-sex litters, and subordinate sisters used more effective counter-tactics against dominant brothers than subordinate brothers against dominant sisters. Our results provide, to our knowledge, the first evidence in a mammal that dominant offspring in twin litters do not exert complete control over their sibling's access to resources (milk), and that sibling dominance relationships are influenced by sibling sex and training effects. PMID:22719032

Psychosocial effects on siblings of children with autism and mental retardation: a population-based study.

PubMed

Bågenholm, A; Gillberg, C

1991-08-01

The probands of this study were 60 children and young adults between 5 and 20 years of age, 20 of whom had siblings with autism, 20 of whom had siblings with mental retardation, and 20 of whom had siblings who were free of handicap. The three proband groups were matched for gender, birth order and socioeconomic status. The children were questioned about their sibling relationships and about particular problems they faced concerning their handicapped brothers or sisters and about problems concerning themselves. Parents were interviewed about the healthy child's behaviour and social adjustment. Mothers completed the Eysenck Personality Inventory concerning themselves. Siblings of handicapped children and especially siblings of children with autism were more concerned about the future. They also felt lonely more often and many of them had peer problems. They often regarded their handicapped siblings as a burden. They tended to have only one sibling. Siblings often did not know why their handicapped brother or sister was different from other children. There were more behaviour disturbances in the siblings of handicapped children and mothers with a child with autism reported more 'stressful events'. There were no differences as regards the personality of the mothers and the self-concept of the children between the three groups.

Youth with chronic health problems: how do they fare in main-stream mentoring programs?

PubMed

Lipman, Ellen L; DeWit, David; DuBois, David L; Larose, Simon; Erdem, Gizem

2018-01-05

Youth with chronic physical health problems often experience social and emotional problems. We investigate the relationship between participation in the Big Brothers Big Sisters of Canada community-based mentoring programs (BBBS) and youth social and mood outcomes by youth health status. Youth newly enrolled in BBBS were classified by health status (one or more chronic physical health problems without activity limitation, n = 191; one or more chronic physical health problems with activity limitation, n = 94; no chronic health problem or activity limitation, n = 536) and mentoring status (yes/no) at 18 month follow-up. Youth outcomes measured at follow-up were social anxiety, depressed mood, and peer self-esteem. Youth with chronic health problems and activity limitation were more likely to live with two biological parents, use mental health or social services, and have parents who reported difficulties with depressed mood, social anxiety, family functioning and neighbourhood problems. At 18 month follow-up, mentored youth in this health status group experienced fewer symptoms of social anxiety and higher peer self-esteem compared to non-mentored youth. Mentored youth with chronic health problems without activity limitation and mentored youth with no health problems or limitations did not show significant improvements in social anxiety and peer self-esteem. Regardless of their health status, mentored youth reported fewer symptoms of depressed mood than non-mentored youth. Youth with chronic health problems, particularly those with activity limitation as well, demonstrate a capacity to experience social and mood benefits associated with mentoring.

Fragile X mutation and FG syndrome-like phenotype

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Piussan, C.; Mathieu, M.; Berquin, P.

1996-08-09

We present data on 4 mentally retarded brothers, 2 of whom were dizygotic twins with congenital hypotonia, constipation, head size disproportionately large for length or height, and a combination of minor anomalies suggestive of FG syndrome. These brothers have a mentally retarded full sister with similar minor anomalies and an older half-brother with the Martin-Bell syndrome. The mother is mentally retarded; 4 of 7 individuals are positive for fragile X, but all have a CGG expansion ranging from 0.2-2 to 4 kb. Although the phenotype is not completely typical of the FG syndrome and the coincidence of the FMR1 mutationmore » and segregation of the MCA/MR phenotype are highly unlikely, the FMR1 mutation may affect morphogenesis more extensively and differently than the Martin-Bell syndrome does to effect an FG syndrome-like phenotype in certain families. This phenotype does not appear to be a contiguous gene syndrome, but an effect of the FMR1 mutation on an adjacent gene must be considered. 18 refs., 4 figs.« less

FAMILY ANALYSIS OF IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASSES AND SUBCLASSES IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISTIC DISORDER

PubMed Central

Spiroski, Mirko; Trajkovski, Vladimir; Trajkov, Dejan; Petlichkovski, Aleksandar; Efinska-Mladenovska, Olivija; Hristomanova, Slavica; Djulejic, Eli; Paneva, Meri; Bozhikov, Jadranka

2009-01-01

Autistic disorder is a severe neurodevelopment disorder characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a pattern of repetitive stereotyped activities, behaviours and interests. There are strong lines of evidence to suggest that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autistic disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze quantitative plasma concentration of immunoglobulin classes, and subclasses in autistic patients and their families. The investigation was performed retrospectively in 50 persons with autistic disorder in the Republic of Macedonia. Infantile autistic disorder was diagnosed by DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Plasma immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were determined using Nephelometer Analyzer BN-100. Multiple comparisons for the IgA variable have shown statistically significant differences between three pairs: male autistic from the fathers (p = 0,001), female autistic from the mothers (p = 0,008), as well as healthy sisters from the fathers (p = 0,011). Statistically significant differences found between three groups regarding autistic disorder (person with autistic disorder, father/mother of a person with autistic disorder, and brother/sister) independent of sex belongs to IgA, IgG2, and IgG3 variables. Multiple comparisons for the IgA variable have shown statistically significant differences between children with autistic disorder from the fathers and mothers (p < 0,001), and healthy brothers and sisters from the fathers and mothers (p < 0,001). Comparison between healthy children and children with autistic disorder from the same family should be tested for immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in order to avoid differences between generations. PMID:20001993

Family analysis of immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in children with autistic disorder.

PubMed

Spiroski, Mirko; Trajkovski, Vladimir; Trajkov, Dejan; Petlichkovski, Aleksandar; Efinska-Mladenovska, Olivija; Hristomanova, Slavica; Djulejic, Eli; Paneva, Meri; Bozhikov, Jadranka

2009-11-01

Autistic disorder is a severe neurodevelopment disorder characterized by a triad of impairments in reciprocal social interaction, verbal and nonverbal communication, and a pattern of repetitive stereotyped activities, behaviours and interests. There are strong lines of evidence to suggest that the immune system plays an important role in the pathogenesis of autistic disorder. The aim of this study was to analyze quantitative plasma concentration of immunoglobulin classes, and subclasses in autistic patients and their families. The investigation was performed retrospectively in 50 persons with autistic disorder in the Republic of Macedonia. Infantile autistic disorder was diagnosed by DSM-IV and ICD-10 criteria. Plasma immunoglobulin classes (IgM, IgA, and IgG) and subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, and IgG4) were determined using Nephelometer Analyzer BN-100. Multiple comparisons for the IgA variable have shown statistically significant differences between three pairs: male autistic from the fathers (p = 0,001), female autistic from the mothers (p = 0,008), as well as healthy sisters from the fathers (p = 0,011). Statistically significant differences found between three groups regarding autistic disorder (person with autistic disorder, father/mother of a person with autistic disorder, and brother/sister) independent of sex belongs to IgA, IgG2, and IgG3 variables. Multiple comparisons for the IgA variable have shown statistically significant differences between children with autistic disorder from the fathers and mothers (p < 0,001), and healthy brothers and sisters from the fathers and mothers (p < 0,001). Comparison between healthy children and children with autistic disorder from the same family should be tested for immunoglobulin classes and subclasses in order to avoid differences between generations.

Adult siblings with homozygous G6PC3 mutations expand our understanding of the severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4) phenotype.

PubMed

Fernandez, Bridget A; Green, Jane S; Bursey, Ford; Barrett, Brendan; MacMillan, Andrée; McColl, Sarah; Fernandez, Sara; Rahman, Proton; Mahoney, Krista; Pereira, Sergio L; Scherer, Stephen W; Boycott, Kym M; Woods, Michael O

2012-11-21

Severe congenital neutropenia type 4 (SCN4) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the third subunit of the enzyme glucose-6-phosphatase (G6PC3). Its core features are congenital neutropenia and a prominent venous skin pattern, and affected individuals have variable birth defects. Oculocutaneous albinism type 4 (OCA4) is caused by autosomal recessive mutations in SLC45A2. We report a sister and brother from Newfoundland, Canada with complex phenotypes. The sister was previously reported by Cullinane et al., 2011. We performed homozygosity mapping, next generation sequencing and conventional Sanger sequencing to identify mutations that cause the phenotype in this family. We have also summarized clinical data from 49 previously reported SCN4 cases with overlapping phenotypes and interpret the medical histories of these siblings in the context of the literature. The siblings' phenotype is due in part to a homozygous mutation in G6PC3, [c.829C > T, p.Gln277X]. Their ages are 38 and 37 years respectively and they are the oldest SCN4 patients published to date. Both presented with congenital neutropenia and later developed Crohn disease. We suggest that the latter is a previously unrecognized SCN4 manifestation and that not all affected individuals have an intellectual disability. The sister also has a homozygous mutation in SLC45A2, which explains her severe oculocutaneous hypopigmentation. Her brother carried one SLC45A2 mutation and was diagnosed with "partial OCA" in childhood. This family highlights that apparently novel syndromes can in fact be caused by two known autosomal recessive disorders.

Deception Detection Process and Accuracy: An Examination of How International Military Officers Detect Deception in the Workplace

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-03-01

selected by matching on sex , race, and approximate physical appearance. Thus, there were two honest non-cheaters and two lying cheaters, all of whom...immediate family member (brother, sister, mom , dad), peer/friend, teacher/caregiver, senior in rank (but no command relationship), and other. Relationship...Please tell us about yourself (circle the correct answer or fill in the blank): Sex : Male Female Age

The Integration of Women into Combat Arms Units

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-05

brother- sister bonds rather than sexual ones. Experience has shown that actual integration diminishes prejudice and fosters group cohesiveness more...greater likelihood of being raped . In the 1992 Report to the President “The commission heard testimony from the DoD representatives and POWs who...called us Night Witches because we never let them get any sleep ’, she says.”50 In addition to Soviet women, Allied women demonstrated that they were

USAWC Coronary Risk and Fitness Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-06-04

USAWC, Carlisle Barracks, PA Secretaria de la Defensa Nacional Estado Mayor (Seccion Sequnda) COL Robert I. Stewart Lomas de Sotelo, Mexico , D.F. CO...five a day. rhese foods should be drawn mainly from vegetable sources, preferably from whole foods such as avocados, seeds, adn nuts (including...8217 7.66 Have you ever had tuberculosis (TB, 7.71 Has anyone in your family (natural 7.75 Do you now have cancer ’consumption)? parents, brother or sister

Accommodative spasm in siblings: A unique finding

PubMed Central

Rutstein, Robert P

2010-01-01

Accommodative spasm is a rare condition occurring in children, adolescents, and young adults. A familial tendency for this binocular vision disorder has not been reported. I describe accommodative spasm occurring in a brother and sister. Both children presented on the same day with complaints of headaches and blurred vision. Treatment included cycloplegia drops and bifocals. Siblings of patients having accommodative spasm should receive a detailed eye exam with emphasis on recognition of accommodative spasm. PMID:20534925

The Influence of Gender, Age, Psychological Resilience and Family Interaction Factors upon Anxiety and Depression in Non-Autism Spectrum Disorder Siblings of Children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitsika, Vicki; Sharpley, Christopher F.; Mailli, Rebecca

2015-01-01

The influence of gender, age, Psychological resilience and family interaction factors upon generalised anxiety disorder (GAD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) was investigated in 75 non-autism spectrum disorder (NASD) siblings who had a brother or sister with an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). GAD and MDD were much more prevalent than in…

Self-monitoring of driving speed.

PubMed

Etzioni, Shelly; Erev, Ido; Ishaq, Robert; Elias, Wafa; Shiftan, Yoram

2017-09-01

In-vehicle data recorders (IVDR) have been found to facilitate safe driving and are highly valuable in accident analysis. Nevertheless, it is not easy to convince drivers to use them. Part of the difficulty is related to the "Big Brother" concern: installing IVDR impairs the drivers' privacy. The "Big Brother" concern can be mitigated by adding a turn-off switch to the IVDR. However, this addition comes at the expense of increasing speed variability between drivers, which is known to impair safety. The current experimental study examines the significance of this negative effect of a turn-off switch under two experimental settings representing different incentive structures: small and large fines for speeding. 199 students were asked to participate in a computerized speeding dilemma task, where they could control the speed of their "car" using "brake" and "speed" buttons, corresponding to automatic car foot pedals. The participants in two experimental conditions had IVDR installed in their "cars", and were told that they could turn it off at any time. Driving with active IVDR implied some probability of "fines" for speeding, and the two experimental groups differed with respect to the fine's magnitude, small or large. The results indicate that the option to use IVDR reduced speeding and speed variance. In addition, the results indicate that the reduction of speed variability was maximal in the small fine group. These results suggest that using IVDR with gentle fines and with a turn-off option maintains the positive effect of IVDR, addresses the "Big Brother" concern, and does not increase speed variance. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Fanconi's anemia. A family study with 20-year follow-up including associated breast pathology.

PubMed

Jacobs, P; Karabus, C

1984-11-01

A brother and sister with Fanconi's anemia, having typical skeletal deformity and characteristic chromosomal breaks in their lymphocytes and who followed the typical clinical course, with progressive bone marrow insufficiency beginning late in the first decade, are described. The natural history of the disease before chemotherapy was available is contrasted with the response to intermittent courses of anabolic steroids during a continuous 20-year follow-up. The female patient developed a carcinoma of the breast at the age of 26, from which she died 5 years later. This neoplasm may reflect increased susceptibility of cells with proven chromosomal abnormality to the influence of carcinogens. Her brother required repeated surgery for painful, but benign, breast masses. The explanation for the latter lesion is unknown but may be related to endocrine disturbances occurring in patients with Fanconi's anemia.

3 CFR 8918 - Proclamation 8918 of December 17, 2012. Wright Brothers Day, 2012

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... their lifelong dream. Like so many Americans before and after them, these two men achieved the... mother, Susan—a gifted mathematician in her own right who challenged her children to think big and dream...

Siblings, Parents and Professionals Working Together to Advance Knowledge and Service. Proceedings of the Annual National Seminar Dealing with Siblings of Mentally Retarded and Developmentally Disabled Persons. (2nd, New York, New York, June 11-12, 1984).

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schreiber, Meyer S., Ed.

Eleven papers from a June, 1984, seminar on siblings of mentally retarded and developmentally disabled persons are presented. The following papers are included: "An Adult Sibling Network: A Sharing of Experiences" (B. Cohen); "Siblings as Change Agents for Their Brothers and Sisters: Opportunity or Problem?" (G. Wolpert); "Adult Siblings: The…

Autosomal recessive Oliver-McFarlane syndrome: retinitis pigmentosa, short stature (GH deficiency), trichomegaly, and hair anomalies or CPD syndrome (chorioretinopathy-pituitary dysfunction).

PubMed

Haimi, Motti; Gershoni-Baruch, Ruth

2005-10-15

We describe a brother and sister with retinitis pigmentosa (RP), growth failure, long eyelashes, and sparse hair. They were born to young healthy consanguineous parents and presented at birth with IUGR. Evolving pigmentary retinopathy was diagnosed at the age of 5 years. A similar condition (Oliver-McFarlane) syndrome was reported previously. Our two sibs confirm the existence of this autosomal recessive syndrome.

Do Brothers Affect Their Sisters' Chances to Graduate? An Analysis of Sibling Sex Composition Effects on Graduation from a University or a "Fachhochschule" in Germany

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jacob, Marita

2011-01-01

In a recent paper on gender inequality in higher education Buchman and DiPrete (2006) assume that the decrease in the gender gap in college completion in the US can partly be explained by changes in the allocation of familial resources in favour of women. However, they do not test this hypothesis empirically. In this paper I examine the effects of…

Grief related to the experience of being the sibling of a child with cancer.

PubMed

Jenholt Nolbris, Margaretha; Enskär, Karin; Hellström, Anna-Lena

2014-01-01

Few studies have described the well siblings' experience of grief when a brother or sister is treated for cancer. Knowing how sibling grief is expressed will guide clinician and family efforts to provide appropriate support. The aim of this study was to describe siblings' reports of grief related to the experience of having a brother or sister with cancer. A qualitative descriptive method was chosen based on open-ended interviews with 29 siblings aged 8 to 24 years. Qualitative content analysis was applied to the interview data. Four categories of grief were identified: anticipatory grief after receiving information about the cancer diagnosis, grief and concern about the ill sibling's loss of a normal life, grief about being unimportant and forgotten in the family, and grief that continues after the sibling's death as a kind of bond. Despite variations in age and gender among participating siblings, their thoughts were similar. Grief was experienced differently from the time of the diagnosis onward, in the form of concerns related to the illness and situation of the ill sibling. Grief related to sibling bonds remained after death. This study recommends offering siblings realistic information about their ill sibling and support for them in their situation from diagnosis and continuously thereafter. To meet the needs of well siblings, it is necessary to ask the siblings about their thoughts and discuss with them their emotions and worries.

Sexually antagonistic selection during parental care is not generated by a testosterone-related intralocus sexual conflict-insights from full-sib comparisons.

PubMed

Iserbyt, Arne; Eens, Marcel; Müller, Wendt

2015-12-02

The evolution of shared male and female traits can be hampered if selection favours sex-specific optima. However, such genomic conflicts can be resolved when independent male and female mechanisms evolve. The existence, extent and consequences of conflict and/or conflict resolution are currently debated. Endocrinological traits like plasma testosterone (T) are suitable test cases, given their important role in mediating correlated traits, plus their opposing sex-specific fitness effects. We compared full-sibling (brother/sister) captive canaries to test for (1) sexually antagonistic selection characterized by contrasting fitness patterns within pairs of relatives, (2) intersexual genetic correlation of plasma T (h(²) = 0.41  ±  0.31) and (3) intralocus sexual conflict over T levels featured by distinct sex-specific fitness optima. We found potential for sexually antagonistic selection, since high fledgling mass was reached by either brothers or sisters, but not by both. We report a positive intersexual correlation for T, as a requirement for intralocus sexual conflict. However, high levels of T were associated with increased female and decreased male fitness (fledgling mass), which contrasts our expectations and challenges the hypothesis of intralocus sexual conflict driven by T. We hypothesize that behavioural and physiological trade-offs differ between sexes when raising offspring, driving T levels towards a state of monomorphism.

Officials nationwide give a green light to automated traffic enforcement

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2000-03-11

There has been resistance to using cameras to automatically identify vehicles driven by motorists who run red lights and drive faster than the posted speed limits. Fairness, privacy, and "big brother" have been cited as reasons. The article examines ...

Psychiatric morbidity in the Chola royal household.

PubMed

Somasundaram, Ottilingam

2013-12-01

This article deals with the presence of hysterical astasia abasia in the father, and cyclothymic disturbance in the elder brother of the great Chola emperor and builder of the Big Temple at Thanjavur, Raja Raja. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

The Dysfunctional Family Unit and the Putrefaction of the Old South

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-17

says, "You are my brother.- No I’m not. I’m the nigger that’s going to sleep with your sister . Unless you stop me Henry. Suddenly Henry grasps the...DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY, AND THE OLD SOUTH; RAPE OF CHARLOTTE TEMPLE AND VICTIM-BLAMING; AMERICA, LINEARLY CYCLICAL Circle one: Abstract . Tech Report...of Engli~h & Fine Arts/333-7723 IRRESPONSIBILITY "𔃻 ~ 2. WIILIAM FAULKNER, DYSFUNCTIONAL FAMILY V s; AND THE OI.D SOUfH 3. RAPE OF CHARLOTTE

Risk, Resiliency, and Coping in National Guard Families

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-10-01

asleep SP_ITSEA17 hhh . Runs away in public places SP_ITSEA18 iii. Plays well with other children (not including brothers/sisters) SP_...to myself "this isn’t real." P_COPE3 hhh . I’ve been using alcohol or other drugs to make myself feel better. P_COPE4 iii. I’ve been...P_SDQ4 ggg. Often loses temper P_SDQ5 hhh . Rather solitary, prefers to play alone P_SDQ6 iii. Generally well behaved, usually does what

Islamic Terrorism in Southeast Asia: An Effects-Based U.S. Regional Strategy Against Jemaah Islamiyah and Abu Sayyaf

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-26

the following year, including the detention of Abu Bakar Ba’asyir and his associated Abdullah Sungkar, passionate followers of Darul Islam. Ba’asyir...rhetoric of the group’s reported leader, Abu Bakar Ba’asyir: Brothers and sisters, according to the examples of the Prophet Mohammed, Islam must...organized a series of bombings across the country, sanctioned and approved by Abu Bakar Ba’asyir and carried out by operatives of JI and Al-Qaeda.”35

Day of Remembrance

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-01-25

Mike Oldak, Resnik Family member, left, Chuck Resnik, brother of the late space shuttle Challenger astronaut Judy Resnik, Amy Resnik, sister-in-law of the late Judy Resnik and acting NASA Administrator Robert Lightfoot, right, are seen after laying a wreath at the Space Shuttle Columbia Memorial as part of NASA's Day of Remembrance, Thursday, Jan. 25, 2018, Arlington National Cemetery in Arlington, Virginia. Wreaths were laid in memory of those men and women who lost their lives in the quest for space exploration. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Lions in the Path of Stability and Security: Oman’s Response to Pressing Issues in the Middle East

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-12-01

brothers and sisters who have given their lives in service to their country - your love for your fellow man provides me eternal motivation, may you all...conditions of war. This thesis will explain how one little-known country in the heart of the region achieved a comfortable level of stability and...security. It will analyze Oman’s stability by explaining how the country has dealt with two sources of insecurity first an insurgency and then an

Analyzing Benefits of Extending the PCS Tempo in the Marine Corps

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

voice the general consensus about the PCS process in the Marine Corps.  Heartfelt thanks to my mother , brothers, and sisters. I would not be who I am...stress at home, and if so, how do they feel about the PCS process and its effect on the following aspects of family life ? a. Spouse higher education...between team effectiveness and the satisfaction level and well-being of team members. Third, a relation also exists between the team survivability

Cryptography: It’s Not Just For Electronic Mail Anymore

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-03-01

David Chaum . Security without identification: Transaction systems to make big brother obsolete. Communications of the ACM, 28(10): 1030-1044, Oc- tober...Jeannette Wing, Maurice Herlihy, Stewart Clamen, David Detlefs, Karen Kietzke, Richard Lerner, and Su-Yuen Ling. The Avalon language: A tutorial

Examining Big Brother's Purpose for Using Electronic Performance Monitoring

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bartels, Lynn K.; Nordstrom, Cynthia R.

2012-01-01

We examined whether the reason offered for electronic performance monitoring (EPM) influenced participants' performance, stress, motivation, and satisfaction. Participants performed a data-entry task in one of five experimental conditions. In one condition, participants were not electronically monitored. In the remaining conditions, participants…

Computer Technology and Social Issues.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garson, G. David

Computing involves social issues and political choices. Issues such as privacy, computer crime, gender inequity, disemployment, and electronic democracy versus "Big Brother" are addressed in the context of efforts to develop a national public policy for information technology. A broad range of research and case studies are examined in an…

Risk of breast cancer in families of multiple affected women and men.

PubMed

Bevier, Melanie; Sundquist, Kristina; Hemminki, Kari

2012-04-01

Family history of first and second-degree relatives is known to increase the risk for breast cancer. Less data are available on the risks between defined multiple affected close and distant relatives for which the reliability of data may be an issue. Data on affected males are sparse. These questions and the probable genetic models were addressed in this study by means of a nationwide Swedish Family-Cancer Database. We estimated the effect of family history of breast cancer by Poisson regression for women of at least 30 years of age after adjusting for age, period, region, socioeconomic status, number of children, and age at first birth. The results of the study showed that relative risk (RR) for breast cancer was associated with a first degree as well as second-degree family history. Having at least two female affected first-degree relatives increased the RR at least to 2.8, favoring an additive interaction. The risk was increased around ten times in women with both parents affected. When either a father or a mother was affected, the RRs were nearly identical (RR = 1.73 and 1.74, respectively). The RR for a woman increased more when a brother was affected (RR = 2.48) compared to when a sister was affected (RR = 1.87). Having an affected grandmother showed lower familial excess risks than having an affected half sister (RR = 1.27, and 1.26; and RR = 1.39, and 1.50; respectively, for maternal and paternal relatives). We concluded that when both parents were diagnosed with breast cancer, the risk for the daughter was increased tenfold. Having an affected brother showed a somewhat higher risk than having an affected sister. The data suggest that male breast cancer has a higher genetic basis than female breast cancer, which invites further search of the underlying mechanisms.

The Core of Sibling Stem Cell Donation - A Grounded Theory Study.

PubMed

Kisch, Annika M; Forsberg, Anna

2017-01-01

There is a lack of theoretical framework supporting stem cell transplant nurses in their assessment, judgment and caring interventions of sibling stem cell donors. The purpose of this study was to explore sibling stem cell donors' main concerns and how they deal with them before and after donation. Ten healthy sibling donors, 5 men and 5 women, with a median age of 54 years were included in this study when they were due to donate stem cells to a brother or sister. Data were collected prospectively on three occasions (before the donation and three and twelve months after it) through in-depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis by the Grounded Theory method according to Charmaz. This study describes the efforts of the ten donors to fulfil their duty as a sibling by doing what they considered necessary in order to help. Their efforts were summarised in a process wherein the grounded theory generated three main categories; Prepare, Promote and Preserve. A clear path of transition leading to fulfilment is evident, starting before the donation and continuing for one year afterwards. Being a sibling stem cell donor means doing what you have to do to fulfil your duty and if possible, saving the life of a seriously ill brother or sister. The relationship between the siblings is strengthened by the donation process. Sibling stem cell donation appears to be about fulfilment and the theoretical framework may support clinicians in their evaluation and support of donors.

Sibling Supporters' Experiences of Giving Support to Siblings Who Have a Brother or a Sister With Cancer.

PubMed

Nolbris, Margaretha Jenholt; Nilsson, Stefan

Siblings of a child with a life-threatening disease, such as cancer, have a right to measures that promote their health and welfare. Siblings may find it hard to understand what is happening to the sick child with cancer and why he or she reacts as he or she does. The aim of the study was to explore sibling supporters' thoughts about the experiences they had in providing support for siblings with a brother or a sister with a life-threatening disease such as cancer. All the 12 sibling supporters currently working in Sweden participated in a qualitative, descriptive study from which 5 categories emerged, showing that the sibling supporters supported siblings from diagnosis until possible death. They enabled siblings who were in the same situation to meet each other and arranged activities suited to their ages, as well as offering an encouraging environment. To help the siblings, the sibling supporters found it necessary to interact with both the parents and the ward staff. The sibling supporters felt that their support was important and necessary in helping siblings promote their own health both when the sick child was alive and also after his or her death. The experience of the sibling supporters was that they listened to the siblings' stories and met them when they were in their crisis. The study confirms that sibling supporters should be a part of the health care team that treat and support the family when a child has cancer.

Changes in siblings after the death of a child from cancer.

PubMed

Foster, Terrah L; Gilmer, Mary Jo; Vannatta, Kathryn; Barrera, Maru; Davies, Betty; Dietrich, Mary S; Fairclough, Diane L; Gerhardt, Cynthia A

2012-01-01

Few studies have examined changes in siblings after the death of a brother or sister, particularly from mother, father, and sibling perspectives within the first year after death. This descriptive study identified and assessed the frequency of changes in siblings after a child's death from cancer. Participants were recruited from cancer registries at 3 hospitals in the United States and Canada 3 to 12 months after the child's death. Thirty-six mothers, 24 fathers, and 39 siblings from 40 families were included. Semistructured interviews using open-ended questions were conducted with each parent and sibling separately in the home. Content analysis identified emerging themes, and the McNemar tests compared frequencies between each paired set of reports (sibling vs mother, sibling vs father, mother vs father). Sixty-nine percent of participants reported personal changes in siblings (eg, changes in personality, school work, goals/life perspective, activities/interests). Forty-seven percent noted changes in siblings' relationships with family members and peers. Only 21% of participants reported no changes attributed to the death. Comparisons of frequencies across informants were not significant. Most siblings experienced changes in multiple areas of their lives after the death of a brother or sister to cancer. Some changes reflected siblings that were positively adapting to the death, whereas other changes reflected difficulties. Our findings offer guidance to improve aftercare for bereaved siblings and their families. Additional research is needed to further delineate the needs of bereaved siblings and to develop strategies to promote adaptation to loss.

[Early alcohol initiation and increased adult alcohol consumption: cause or indicator?].

PubMed

Geels, L M; Vink, J M; van Beek, J H D A; Willemsen, G; Bartels, M; Boomsma, D I

2013-01-01

Early alcohol initiation is strongly associated with increased alcohol consumption and alcohol abuse/dependence in adulthood. The mechanisms that underlie this association are unclear. To examine whether there is a causal link between early alcohol initiation and later alcohol consumption. Survey data were collected from twin pairs (age range 18-80) included in the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). A discordant twin design was used to examine the origin of the link between early alcohol initiation and adult alcohol consumption. Within monozygotic pairs (82-143 pairs), twins who started drinking early were compared to their brother/sister who started drinking later, on frequency of alcohol use, weekly alcohol consumption, number of alcohol intoxications, excessive drinking, alcohol abuse/-dependence, and hazardous drinking. By drawing comparisons within monozygotic pairs, we were able to control for the effects of genes/shared environment. Additional analyses examined the effects of age, sex, and in-/exclusion of lifelong abstainers. Within monozygotic twin pairs, the twin who had started drinking early did not differ significantly from his/her brother/sister with respect to future alcohol consumption. Results were independent of age, sex, and in-/exclusion of lifelong abstainers. Early alcohol initiation did not have significant causal effects on subsequent alcohol consumption in adulthood and may be an indicator of a predisposition for alcohol consumption. Campaigns aimed at raising the minimum age for alcohol initiation will possibly have only a limited effect on adult alcohol consumption.

Life Course Challenges Faced by Siblings of Individuals with Schizophrenia May Increase Risk for Depressive Symptoms.

PubMed

Smith, Matthew J; Greenberg, Jan S; Sciortino, Sarah A; Sandoval, Gisela M; Lukens, Ellen P

Research suggests siblings of individuals with schizophrenia are at a heightened risk for depressive symptomatology. Research has not yet examined whether the strains of growing up with a brother or sister with schizophrenia contribute to this risk. This study examined whether early life course burdens associated with an emerging mental illness, and current objective and subjective caregiver burden predicted depressive symptoms in siblings of individuals with schizophrenia. Forty-one siblings of individuals with schizophrenia were recruited from a large study of schizophrenia neurobiology to complete a self-administered questionnaire and a neuropsychological test battery. Early life course burdens and current objective and subjective burdens explained incremental variance in depressive symptoms of siblings of individuals with schizophrenia after accounting for gender and global neurocognitive function. Higher levels of depressive symptoms among siblings were associated with perceptions of being stigmatized by the community (β=.37, p <.01), and perceiving that the brother or sister's emerging illness negatively impacted the sibling's social life during childhood and adolescence (β=.39, p <.01). Taking on adult responsibilities while the sibling was growing up was found to be protective against depressive symptoms in adulthood (β= -.36, p <.01). Early life course burdens associated with having a sibling with schizophrenia and current subjective burden provide insight into psychosocial factors that may contribute to the risk for depression in this sibling group. Mental health service providers and psychoeducation programs would benefit by considering these factors when developing family-based interventions.

Familial predisposition to vasovagal syncope.

PubMed

Negrusz-Kawecka, Marta; Bańkowski, Tomasz; Tabin, Mateusz; Paprocka, Magdalena; Mercik, Agnieszka; Misztal, Jowita; Nowak, Piotr; Zysko, Dorota; Gajek, Jacek

2012-06-01

A handful of studies suggest a familial predisposition to vasovagal syncope (WS) but the scope of information available to date is poor. The aim of our study was to evaluate the prevalence of vasovagal syncope and its familial occurrence in the young. The studied group consisted of 281 women and 111 men, aged 18-32 years. Forty-seven percent of the population had one brother or sister, and the mean number of individuals per family was 4.4 +/- 1.0. The questionnaire consisted of 30 questions regarding syncopal history. Syncope was reported in 32.1% of the patients studied (36.7% in women vs. 20.7% in men; P < 0.05), 29.1% of mothers, 16.8% of fathers, 30.9% of sisters and 14.2% of brothers. Logistic regression analysis revealed that positive history regarding the syncope in the whole group of students was related to the female gender (OR 2.17; CI: 1.28-3.7), the history of a syncope in mother (OR 1.74; CI: 1.09-2.78) and the history of a syncope in father (OR 2.22; CI: 1.28-3.86; P < 0.001). A positive history of syncope in male relatives increases the risk of syncope in men and women, whereas a positive history of syncope in female relatives increases the risk of syncope in women only. Female gender independently of the family history increases the risk of syncope. The genetics of the vasovagal syncope could be polygenic but the mechanisms of a transmission remain unclear to date.

Teletext--Prestel's Big Brother.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hughes, Geoffrey

Prestel, Oracle, and Ceefax are telephone based video text systems currently in use in Great Britain. Rather than being considered as competitors, they should be viewed as complementary media with separate functions based on their differences. All use home television sets to receive information in print, and all broadcast on spare TV lines in the…

Big Brother Not Needed.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Heinen, Edward

1983-01-01

Cites the recent United States State Department's labeling of recent Canadian films--one on nuclear war and two on acid rain--as political propaganda as a sign of the need to review the nature of propaganda. Suggests that teaching students to intelligently evaluate propaganda is preferable to submitting to government dictum. (MM)

Late onset of Wilson's disease in a family with genetic haemochromatosis.

PubMed

Dib, Nina; Valsesia, Emmanuelle; Malinge, Marie Claire; Mauras, Yves; Misrahi, Micheline; Calès, Paul

2006-01-01

We report the coexistence of Wilson's disease and genetic haemochromatosis in one family. The diagnosis of genetic haemochromatosis was established in a 52-year-old man. Among his siblings, one 57-year-old sister and one 55-year-old brother had decreased copper and ceruloplasmin levels in serum and increased urinary copper excretion. The sister shared the same human leucocyte antigen haplotypes and was homozygous for the HFE mutation C282Y, like the propositus. However, she had normal liver iron content and increased liver copper content. Her dietary copper intake was probably excessive. The association of Wilson's disease and genetic haemochromatosis is rare and has only been described twice. The onset of Wilson's disease after 50 years of age is rare; Wilson's disease should be considered in any patient with unexplained chronic liver disease; an excess in liver copper content might be induced by excessive dietary input in a susceptible individual.

Intrafamilial and interfamilial variability of phenotype in familial velo-cardio-facial syndrome

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hajianpour, M.J.; Lamb, A.; Covle, M.

Two half-sisters and their mother from one family, and two full-brothers and their mother from another family presented with features of velo-cardio-facial syndrome (VCSF)/DiGeorge syndrome (DS) with intrafamilial and interfamilial variability of phenotypic expression. None of these patients had an apparent cleft palate. Cardiac anomaly, jejunal atresia and hypocalcemia were present only in the newborn patient. Fluorescence in situ hybridization for VCFS/DS with probe D22S75 showed a deletion in the 22q11.2 region in patients available for the study.

Le conte Africain: L'univers de l'oralite dans le systeme de l'enseignement

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belpassi, Paola

1994-05-01

According to current interpretations, the stories preserved in the African oral tradition constitute a rich source of themes for the purposes of moral education. The stories focusing on the relationship between brother and sister, for example, develop the theme of how each individual must find a balance between consanguineous and marital relationships. The author also explores other keys to the interpretation of these stories and argues that they could profitably be used within the framework of a multicultural educational programme, on account of their linguistic, narrative and thematic richness.

"Big data" versus "big brother": on the appropriate use of large-scale data collections in pediatrics.

PubMed

Currie, Janet

2013-04-01

Discussions of "big data" in medicine often revolve around gene sequencing and biosamples. It is perhaps less recognized that administrative data in the form of vital records, hospital discharge abstracts, insurance claims, and other routinely collected data also offer the potential for using information from hundreds of thousands, if not millions, of people to answer important questions. However, the increasing ease with which such data may be used and reused has increased concerns about privacy and informed consent. Addressing these concerns without creating insurmountable barriers to the use of such data for research is essential if we are to avoid a "missed opportunity" in pediatrics research.

Communal breeding promotes a matrilineal social system where husband and wife live apart.

PubMed

Wu, Jia-Jia; He, Qiao-Qiao; Deng, Ling-Ling; Wang, Shi-Chang; Mace, Ruth; Ji, Ting; Tao, Yi

2013-05-07

The matrilineal Mosuo of southwest China live in large communal houses where brothers and sisters of three generations live together, and adult males walk to visit their wives only at night; hence males do not reside with their own offspring. This duolocal residence with 'walking' or 'visiting' marriage is described in only a handful of matrilineal peasant societies. Benefits to women of living with matrilineal kin, who cooperate with child-care, are clear. But why any kinship system can evolve where males invest more in their sister's offspring than their own is a puzzle for evolutionary anthropologists. Here, we present a new hypothesis for a matrilineal bias in male investment. We argue that, when household resources are communal, relatedness to the whole household matters more than relatedness to individual offspring. We use an inclusive fitness model to show that the more sisters (and other closely related females) co-reside, the more effort males should spend working on their sister's farm and less on their wife's farm. The model shows that paternity uncertainty may be a cause of lower overall work rates in males, but it is not likely to be the cause of a matrilineal bias. The bias in work effort towards working on their natal farm, and thus the duolocal residence and 'visiting marriage' system, can be understood as maximizing inclusive fitness in circumstances where female kin breed communally.

Novel insertion in exon 5 of the TCOF1 gene in twin sisters with Treacher Collins syndrome.

PubMed

Marszałek-Kruk, Bożena Anna; Wójcicki, Piotr; Smigiel, Robert; Trzeciak, Wiesław H

2012-08-01

Treacher Collins syndrome (TCS) is associated with an abnormal differentiation of the first and second pharyngeal arches during fetal development. This causes mostly craniofacial deformities, which require numerous corrective surgeries. TCS is an autosomal dominant disorder and it occurs in the general population at a frequency of 1 in 50,000 live births. The syndrome is caused by mutations in the TCOF1 gene, which encodes the serine/alanine-rich protein named Treacle. Over 120 mutations of the TCOF1 gene responsible for TCS have been described. About 70% of recognized mutations are deletions, which lead to a frame shift, formation of a termination codon, and shortening of the protein product of the gene. Herewith, a new heterozygotic insertion, c.484_668ins185bp, was described in two monozygotic twin sisters suffering from TCS. This mutation was absent in their father, brother, and uncle, indicating a de novo origin. The insertion causes a shift in the reading frame and premature termination of translation at 167 aa. The novel insertion is the longest ever found in the TCOF1 gene and the only one found among monozygotic twin sisters.

Longitudinal associations among parental acceptance, familism values, and sibling intimacy in Mexican-origin families.

PubMed

Killoren, Sarah E; Wheeler, Lorey A; Updegraff, Kimberly A; Rodríguez de Jésus, Sue A; McHale, Susan M

2015-06-01

Prospective associations among parent-adolescent acceptance and familism values in early and middle adolescence and sibling intimacy in late adolescence and young adulthood were assessed in 246 Mexican-origin families. Older sibling gender and sibling gender constellation were investigated as moderators of these associations. Sibling intimacy was stable over time and younger siblings with older sisters reported higher levels of sibling intimacy than those with older brothers. As predicted, stronger familism values were associated with greater sibling intimacy, but this link was evident only for older sisters and for girl-girl dyads. The links from mother- and father-acceptance to sibling intimacy also depended on the gender constellation of the sibling dyad: Higher levels of maternal warmth were associated with greater sibling intimacy for older sisters and girl-girl sibling pairs but higher levels of paternal warmth were linked to greater sibling intimacy only for older siblings in mixed-gender sibling dyads. Findings are consistent with prior research on the role of gender in family relationships but extend this work to encompass the effects of both parents' and siblings' gender, as well as the role of sociocultural values in parents' socialization influences. © 2015 Family Process Institute.

Guidance for Androgyny.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

McComb, Bettie Y.; Cash, Ralph E.

This booklet contains two papers on sex role identification and a description of a Big Brothers program to provide male models for boys whose fathers no longer live with them. The first paper explores the ways that children learn and confirm their sex roles. A rationale for the development of more androgynous sex roles is also presented. The…

Is Big Brother Watching the Wired Campus? Information Technologies Undermine the Climate of Freedom in Academia.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Earls, Alan R.

2000-01-01

Explores privacy issues raised by information technology at colleges and universities. Drawing on accounts and opinions of faculty and staff members, provides examples of current practices and policies on Internet and e-mail use and discusses the possible need for more developed policies. (EV)

Freedom of Speech Newsletter, May 1976.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allen, Winfred G., Jr., Ed.

This issue of the "Freedom of Speech Newsletter" contains three articles. "Big Brother, 1976--Judges and the Gag Order" by Miles Clark examines constitutional censorship of the media and government secrecy. "Democratic Rights: A Socialist View" by Kipp Dawson argues that "the rulers of the United States have never granted the American people any…

Sibling incest: a Hong Kong experience.

PubMed

Tsun, O K

1999-01-01

The one case study intends to gain a preliminary understanding of the long term impact of older brother-younger sister incest in Hong Kong The adult survivor's experience did cohere with Western studies to date on age of onset, symptomatology, and feelings such as shame and guilt. The symptoms and negative feelings might also be the results of inaccessible parents and negative parental response at disclosure. Specific contextual factors such as patriarchal power structure, strong moral codes, and secrecy of family shame in Chinese culture may have contributed to the victim's inability to protect herself from her older brother's sexual advances. This case study calls for a multi-dimensional, and interactive rather than a unidimensional and unidirectional view to explore into the individual, familial, and contextual factors that may contribute to sibling incest and a delay in disclosure. The brief analysis is also a plea for systematic research in the Hong Kong context and comparative studies that take into account cultural specificity.

Self-estimates of intelligence: a study in two African countries.

PubMed

Furnham, Adrian; Callahan, Ines; Akande, Debo

2004-05-01

Black and White South Africans (n = 181) and Nigerians (n = 135) completed a questionnaire concerning the estimations of their own and their relatives' (father, mother, sister, brother) multiple intelligences as well as beliefs about the IQ concept. In contrast to previous results (A. Furnham, 2001), there were few gender differences in self-estimates. In a comparison of Black and White South Africans, it was clear the Whites gave higher estimates for self, parents, and brothers. However, overall IQ estimates for self and all relatives hovered around the mean of 100. When Black South Africans and Nigerians were compared, there were both gender and nationality differences on the self-estimates with men giving higher self-estimates than women and Nigerians higher self-estimates than South Africans. There were also gender and nationality differences in the answers to questions about IQ. The authors discuss possible reasons for the relatively few gender differences in this study compared with other studies as well as possible reasons for the cross-cultural difference.

EIF2AK4 Mutations in Pulmonary Capillary Hemangiomatosis

PubMed Central

Best, D. Hunter; Sumner, Kelli L.; Austin, Eric D.; Chung, Wendy K.; Brown, Lynette M.; Borczuk, Alain C.; Rosenzweig, Erika B.; Bayrak-Toydemir, Pinar; Mao, Rong; Cahill, Barbara C.; Tazelaar, Henry D.; Leslie, Kevin O.; Hemnes, Anna R.; Robbins, Ivan M.

2014-01-01

Background: Pulmonary capillary hemangiomatosis (PCH) is a rare disease of capillary proliferation of unknown cause and with a high mortality. Families with multiple affected individuals with PCH suggest a heritable cause although the genetic etiology remains unknown. Methods: We used exome sequencing to identify a candidate gene for PCH in a family with two affected brothers. We then screened 11 unrelated patients with familial (n = 1) or sporadic (n = 10) PCH for mutations. Results: Using exome sequencing, we identified compound mutations in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2 α kinase 4 (EIF2AK4) (formerly known as GCN2) in both affected brothers. Both parents and an unaffected sister were heterozygous carriers. In addition, we identified two EIF2AK4 mutations in each of two of 10 unrelated individuals with sporadic PCH. EIF2AK4 belongs to a family of kinases that regulate angiogenesis in response to cellular stress. Conclusions: Mutations in EIF2AK4 are likely to cause autosomal-recessive PCH in familial and some nonfamilial cases. PMID:24135949

The Core of Sibling Stem Cell Donation – A Grounded Theory Study

PubMed Central

Kisch, Annika M; Forsberg, Anna

2017-01-01

Background: There is a lack of theoretical framework supporting stem cell transplant nurses in their assessment, judgment and caring interventions of sibling stem cell donors. Objective: The purpose of this study was to explore sibling stem cell donors’ main concerns and how they deal with them before and after donation. Method: Ten healthy sibling donors, 5 men and 5 women, with a median age of 54 years were included in this study when they were due to donate stem cells to a brother or sister. Data were collected prospectively on three occasions (before the donation and three and twelve months after it) through in-depth interviews, which were recorded and transcribed verbatim for analysis by the Grounded Theory method according to Charmaz. Results: This study describes the efforts of the ten donors to fulfil their duty as a sibling by doing what they considered necessary in order to help. Their efforts were summarised in a process wherein the grounded theory generated three main categories; Prepare, Promote and Preserve. A clear path of transition leading to fulfilment is evident, starting before the donation and continuing for one year afterwards. Conclusions: Being a sibling stem cell donor means doing what you have to do to fulfil your duty and if possible, saving the life of a seriously ill brother or sister. The relationship between the siblings is strengthened by the donation process. Sibling stem cell donation appears to be about fulfilment and the theoretical framework may support clinicians in their evaluation and support of donors. PMID:28839511

Changes in Siblings after the Death of a Child from Cancer

PubMed Central

Foster, Terrah L.; Gilmer, Mary Jo; Vannatta, Kathryn; Barrera, Maru; Davies, Betty; Dietrich, Mary S.; Fairclough, Diane L.; Gerhardt, Cynthia A.

2011-01-01

Background Few studies have examined changes in siblings after the death of a brother or sister, particularly from mother, father, and sibling perspectives within the first year post-death. Objective This descriptive study identified and assessed the frequency of changes in siblings after a child's death from cancer. Methods Participants were recruited from cancer registries at three hospitals in the U.S. and Canada 3–12 months after the child's death. Thirty-six mothers, 24 fathers, and 39 siblings from 40 families were included. Semi-structured interviews using open-ended questions were conducted with each parent and sibling separately in the home. Content analysis identified emerging themes, and McNemar tests compared frequencies between each paired set of reports (sibling vs. mother, sibling vs. father, mother vs. father). Results Sixty-nine percent of participants reported personal changes in siblings (e.g., changes in personality, school work, goals/life perspective, activities/interests). Forty-seven percent noted changes in siblings' relationships with family members and peers. Only 21% of participants reported no changes attributed to the death. Comparisons of frequencies across informants were not significant. Conclusions Most siblings experienced changes in multiple areas of their lives after the death of a brother or sister to cancer. Some changes reflected siblings that were positively adapting to the death, while other changes reflected difficulties. Implications for practice Our findings offer guidance to improve aftercare for bereaved siblings and their families. Additional research is needed to further delineate the needs of bereaved siblings and to develop strategies to promote adaptation to loss. PMID:22067687

Psychological complaints and characteristics in postwar children of Dutch World War II victims: those seeking treatment as compared with their siblings.

PubMed

Mook, J; Schreuder, B J; van der Ploeg, H M; Bramsen, I; van Tiel-Kadiks, G W; Feenstra, W

1997-01-01

The notion of a second-generation or 'children of survivors' syndrome was studied by obtaining information about the extent to which psychological complaints of postwar children seeking treatment could be compared to their non-treatment-seeking brothers and sisters of roughly the same age. 46 treatment-seeking subjects, postwar children of Dutch World War II victims, and 22 brothers and sisters, who had not applied for treatment, answered psychological questionnaires about symptoms, psychological traits, coping styles, life events and impact of events. Mean score differences are tested for significance with the t test (two-tailed). Statistically significant higher mean scores for several treatment-seeking client groups were consistently obtained on nearly all symptom subscales of the SCL-90, the traits of neuroticism, anxiety, depression, pessimism, and inward expression of negative emotions, as well as the coping style of depressive reaction and PTSD-related characteristics of intrusion and denial of experiences. These differences also remained when the data for the two sexes were separately analyzed or, alternatively, a sibling and sex match were included in the between-groups comparison. Our findings tend to corroborate those of others, expressing doubts as to the ubiquity of enduring pernicious effects of parental traumatic wartime experiences on their offspring. Some members of the second generation seem to be adversely affected, others apparently are not. This conclusion may even be extended to members within the same families, which would seriously call into question the generality of intrafamilial transmission routes. These routes act selectively upon members of the same family.

Family Dysfunction Differentially Affects Alcohol and Methamphetamine Dependence: A View from the Addiction Severity Index in Japan

PubMed Central

Sugaya, Nagisa; Haraguchi, Ayako; Ogai, Yasukazu; Senoo, Eiichi; Higuchi, Susumu; Umeno, Mitsuru; Aikawa, Yuzo; Ikeda, Kazutaka

2011-01-01

We investigated the differential influence of family dysfunction on alcohol and methamphetamine dependence in Japan using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a useful instrument that multilaterally measures the severity of substance dependence. The participants in this study were 321 male patients with alcohol dependence and 68 male patients with methamphetamine dependence. We conducted semi-structured interviews with each patient using the ASI, which is designed to assess problem severity in seven functional domains: Medical, Employment/Support, Alcohol use, Drug use, Legal, Family/Social relationships, and Psychiatric. In patients with alcohol dependence, bad relationships with parents, brothers and sisters, and friends in their lives were related to current severe psychiatric problems. Bad relationships with brothers and sisters and partners in their lives were related to current severe employment/support problems, and bad relationships with partners in their lives were related to current severe family/social problems. The current severity of psychiatric problems was related to the current severity of drug use and family/social problems in patients with alcohol dependence. Patients with methamphetamine dependence had difficulty developing good relationships with their father. Furthermore, the current severity of psychiatric problems was related to the current severity of medical, employment/support, and family/social problems in patients with methamphetamine dependence. The results of this study suggest that family dysfunction differentially affects alcohol and methamphetamine dependence. Additionally, family relationships may be particularly related to psychiatric problems in these patients, although the ASI was developed to independently evaluate each of seven problem areas. PMID:22073020

Family dysfunction differentially affects alcohol and methamphetamine dependence: a view from the Addiction Severity Index in Japan.

PubMed

Sugaya, Nagisa; Haraguchi, Ayako; Ogai, Yasukazu; Senoo, Eiichi; Higuchi, Susumu; Umeno, Mitsuru; Aikawa, Yuzo; Ikeda, Kazutaka

2011-10-01

We investigated the differential influence of family dysfunction on alcohol and methamphetamine dependence in Japan using the Addiction Severity Index (ASI), a useful instrument that multilaterally measures the severity of substance dependence. The participants in this study were 321 male patients with alcohol dependence and 68 male patients with methamphetamine dependence. We conducted semi-structured interviews with each patient using the ASI, which is designed to assess problem severity in seven functional domains: Medical, Employment/Support, Alcohol use, Drug use, Legal, Family/Social relationships, and Psychiatric. In patients with alcohol dependence, bad relationships with parents, brothers and sisters, and friends in their lives were related to current severe psychiatric problems. Bad relationships with brothers and sisters and partners in their lives were related to current severe employment/support problems, and bad relationships with partners in their lives were related to current severe family/social problems. The current severity of psychiatric problems was related to the current severity of drug use and family/social problems in patients with alcohol dependence. Patients with methamphetamine dependence had difficulty developing good relationships with their father. Furthermore, the current severity of psychiatric problems was related to the current severity of medical, employment/support, and family/social problems in patients with methamphetamine dependence. The results of this study suggest that family dysfunction differentially affects alcohol and methamphetamine dependence. Additionally, family relationships may be particularly related to psychiatric problems in these patients, although the ASI was developed to independently evaluate each of seven problem areas.

The Positive and Negative Experiences of Caregiving for Siblings of Young People with First Episode Psychosis

PubMed Central

Bowman, Siann; Alvarez-Jimenez, Mario; Wade, Darryl; Howie, Linsey; McGorry, Patrick

2017-01-01

Background: The impact of first episode psychosis (FEP) upon parents’ experience of caregiving has been well-documented. However, the determinants and nature of this remain poorly understood in siblings. It is hypothesized that siblings of young people with FEP are also impacted by caregiving and burden. This study aimed to characterize the experience of caregiving for siblings of young people with FEP. Method: Survey methodology was used to explore the experience of 157 siblings in the first 18 months of their brother or sister’s treatment for FEP. Participants reported on their appraisal of the negative and positive aspects of caregiving as measured by the Experience of Caregiving Inventory (ECI). Descriptive statistics were used to establish the results for the total sample as well as for gender and birth order differences. A series of multivariate regression analyses were conducted to determine the relationships between illness characteristics and siblings’ experience of caregiving. Results: Older brothers reported the lowest scores for negative experiences in caregiving and younger sisters reported the highest. Negative experiences in caregiving resulted in less warmth within the sibling relationship and impacted negatively upon quality of life. When the young person with FEP had attempted suicide and/or been physically violent, siblings experienced more caregiver burden. Multivariate analysis showed that female gender was a significant factor in explaining the impact of illness related variables on the experience of caregiving. Conclusion: Suicide attempts and a history of violence resulted in higher caregiving burden for siblings regardless of whether they lived with the young person experiencing FEP or not. Female siblings are at higher risk of negative experiences from caregiving resulting in a reduced quality of life and a changed sibling relationship. Suicide attempts and violence are indicators for intensive case management to improve outcomes for the individual with FEP which may in turn reduce the burden experienced by the sibling. Clinicians can use these findings to identify siblings, assertively intervene and provide increased psychological support, psychoeducation and practical problem solving to reduce the burden. The caregiving role that they already play for their ill brother or sister should be recognized. PMID:28588522

Big Brother Is Watching: Video Surveillance on Buses

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sloggett, Joel

2009-01-01

Many school districts in North America have adopted policies to permit cameras on their properties and, when needed, on buses used to transport students. With regard to school buses, the camera is typically a tool for gathering information to monitor behavior or to help investigate a complaint about behavior. If a picture is worth a thousand…

Schooling for Humanity: When Big Brother Isn't Watching.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Solmitz, David O.

Most educational reform initiatives of the past 20 years are geared towards ensuring that the United States dominates the emerging global economy. What is lost in this rush to the top of the materialist heap is an education for the more enduring human values: creativity, intellectual development, care, social justice, and democracy. In this book,…

Under surveillance: using cameras to improve care home practice.

PubMed

Pearce, Lynne

2017-05-03

When the owner of Bramley Court in Birmingham mooted the idea of installing surveillance cameras inside the care home, manager and nurse Ann Willey was unenthusiastic. 'It felt like Big Brother was watching you,' she says. But then she considered how cameras might reduce the risk of poor practice and the potential benefits for vulnerable residents.

Big Brother and the National Reading Curriculum: How Ideology Trumped Evidence.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Allington, Richard

This book about reading tracks and questions the 30-year campaign that has focused on testing, accountability, and federalization of education to demonstrate that it is not just whole language advocates who are having problems with the National Reading Panel report and the new education laws. The book gathers together a comprehensive collection of…

NASA Administrator Speaks at Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorati

NASA Image and Video Library

2012-01-16

NASA Administrator Charles Bolden, right, joins in a group portrait with the niece of Martin Luther King, Jr., Alveda King, far left, Father Frank Pavone, wife of Martin Luther King, Jr's brother, Mrs. Naomi Barber King, Dr. Cameron Alexander, Dr. Frederick D. Haynes III, daughter of Martin Luther King, Jr., Dr. Bernice A. King, Kasim Reed, Mayor of Atlanta, Dr. Christine King Farris, Martin Luther King, Jr's sister, and Ms. Raj Razdan shortly after the 44th annual Martin Luther King, Jr. Commemorative Service on Monday, Jan. 16, 2012 at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

Kin recognition and adjustment of reproductive effort in zebra finches

PubMed Central

Arct, Aneta; Rutkowska, Joanna; Martyka, Rafał; Drobniak, Szymon M.; Cichoń, Mariusz

2010-01-01

The differential allocation theory predicts that females should invest more in offspring produced with attractive partners, and a number of studies support this prediction in birds. Females have been shown to increase reproductive investment when mated to males showing elaborated sexual traits. However, mate attractiveness might also depend on the interaction between male and female genotypes. Accordingly, females should invest more in offspring sired by individuals that are genetically dissimilar or carry superior alleles. Here, we show in zebra finches (Taeniopygia guttata) that pairs of unfamiliar genetic brothers and sisters are less likely to reproduce in comparison with randomly mated pairs. Among the brother–sister pairs, those that attempted to breed laid smaller clutches and of lower total clutch mass. Our results provide the first experimental evidence that females adjust their reproductive effort in response to the genetic similarity of their partners. Importantly, these results imply a female ability to assess relatedness of a social mate without prior association. PMID:20573618

The early development of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: Characteristics of sibling interactions

PubMed Central

Warreyn, Petra; Van der Paelt, Sara; Demurie, Ellen; Roeyers, Herbert

2018-01-01

Although sibling interactions play an important role in children’s early development, they are rarely studied in very young children with an older brother or sister with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study used a naturalistic, observational method to compare interactions between 18-month-old infants and their older sibling with ASD (n = 22) with a control group of 18-month-old infants and their typically developing (TD) older sibling (n = 29). In addition, role (a)symmetry and the influence of gender were evaluated. Sibling interactions in ASD-dyads were characterized by higher levels of negativity. Although somewhat less pronounced in ASD-dyads, role asymmetry was present in both groups, with the older child taking the dominant position. Finally, siblings pairs with an older sister were characterized by more positive behaviours. Since differences in sibling interactions may alter the developmental trajectories of both siblings, these early relationships should be taken into account in future ASD research and interventions. PMID:29543814

The early development of infant siblings of children with autism spectrum disorder: Characteristics of sibling interactions.

PubMed

Bontinck, Chloè; Warreyn, Petra; Van der Paelt, Sara; Demurie, Ellen; Roeyers, Herbert

2018-01-01

Although sibling interactions play an important role in children's early development, they are rarely studied in very young children with an older brother or sister with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study used a naturalistic, observational method to compare interactions between 18-month-old infants and their older sibling with ASD (n = 22) with a control group of 18-month-old infants and their typically developing (TD) older sibling (n = 29). In addition, role (a)symmetry and the influence of gender were evaluated. Sibling interactions in ASD-dyads were characterized by higher levels of negativity. Although somewhat less pronounced in ASD-dyads, role asymmetry was present in both groups, with the older child taking the dominant position. Finally, siblings pairs with an older sister were characterized by more positive behaviours. Since differences in sibling interactions may alter the developmental trajectories of both siblings, these early relationships should be taken into account in future ASD research and interventions.

An incest case with three biological brothers as alleged fathers: Even 22 autosomal STR loci analysis would not suffice without the mother.

PubMed

Canturk, Kemal Murat; Emre, Ramazan; Gurkan, Cemal; Komur, Ilhami; Muslumanoglu, Omer; Dogan, Muhammed

2016-07-01

Here, we report an incest paternity case involving three biological brothers as alleged fathers (AFs), their biological sister and her child that was investigated using the Investigator ESSplex Plus, AmpFLSTR Identifiler Plus/Investigator IDplex Plus and PowerPlex 16 kits. Initial duo paternity investigations using 15-loci autosomal short tandem repeat (STR) analyses failed to exclude any of the AFs. Despite the fact that one of the brothers, AF1, had a mismatch with the child at a single locus (D2S1338), the possibility of a single-step mutation could not be ruled out. When the number of autosomal STR loci analysed was increased to 22 without the inclusion of the mother, AF2 and AF3 still could not be excluded, since both of them again had no mismatches with the child. A breakthrough was possible only upon inclusion of the mother so that trio paternity investigations were carried out. This time AF1 and AF2 could be excluded at two loci (D2S1338 and D1S1656) and six loci (vWa, D1S1656, D12S391, FGA, PENTA E and PENTA D), respectively, and AF3 was then the only brother who could not be excluded from paternity. Subsequent statistical analyses suggested that AF3 could be the biological father of the child with a combined paternity index >100 billion and a probability of paternity >99.99999999%. These findings consolidate the fact that complex paternity cases such as those involving incest could benefit more from the inclusion of the mother than simply increasing the number of STR loci analysed. © The Author(s) 2015.

Sleep-EEG in dizygotic twins discordant for Williams syndrome.

PubMed

Bódizs, Róbert; Gombos, Ferenc; Szocs, Katalin; Réthelyi, János M; Gerván, Patrícia; Kovács, Ilona

2014-01-30

Reports on twin pairs concordant and discordant for Williams syndrome were published before, but no study unravelled sleep physiology in these cases yet. We aim to fill this gap by analyzing sleep records of a twin pair discordant for Williams syndrome extending our focus on presleep wakefulness and sleep spindling. We performed multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification of the 7q11.23 region of a 17 years old dizygotic opposite-sex twin pair discordant for Williams syndrome. Polysomnography of laboratory sleep at this age was analyzed and followed-up after 1.5 years by ambulatory polysomnography. Sleep stages scoring, EEG power spectra and sleep spindle analyses were carried out. The twin brother showed reduced levels of amplification for all of the probes in the 7q11.23 region indicating a typical deletion spanning at least 1.038 Mb between FKBP6 and CLIP2. The results of the twin sister showed normal copy numbers in the investigated region. Lower sleep times and efficiencies, as well as higher slow wave sleep percents of the twin brother were evident during both recordings. Roughly equal NREM, Stage 2 and REM sleep percents were found. EEG analyses revealed state and derivation-independent decreases in alpha power, lack of an alpha spectral peak in presleep wakefulness, as well as higher NREM sleep sigma peak frequency in the twin brother. Faster sleep spindles with lower amplitude and shorter duration characterized the records of the twin brother. Spectra show a striking reliability and correspondence between the two situations (laboratory vs. home records). Alterations in sleep and specific neural oscillations including the alpha/sigma waves are inherent aspects of Williams syndrome.

Severe brain atrophy after long-term survival seen in siblings with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and a mutation in the optineurin gene: a case series.

PubMed

Ueno, Hiroki; Kobatake, Keitaro; Matsumoto, Masayasu; Morino, Hiroyuki; Maruyama, Hirofumi; Kawakami, Hideshi

2011-12-12

Previous studies have shown widespread multisystem degeneration in patients with sporadic amyotrophic lateral sclerosis who develop a total locked-in state and survive under mechanical ventilation for a prolonged period of time. However, the disease progressions reported in these studies were several years after disease onset. There have been no reports of long-term follow-up with brain imaging of patients with familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis at an advanced stage of the disease. We report the cases of siblings with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis with homozygous deletions of the exon 5 mutation of the gene encoding optineurin, in whom brain computed tomography scans were followed up for more than 20 years. The patients were a Japanese brother and sister. The elder sister was 33 years of age at the onset of disease, which began with muscle weakness of her left lower limb. Two years later she required mechanical ventilation. She became bedridden at the age of 34, and died at the age of 57. A computed tomography scan of her brain at the age of 36 revealed no abnormality. Atrophy of her brain gradually progressed. Ten years after the onset of mechanical ventilation, atrophy of her whole brain, including the cerebral cortex, brain stem and cerebellum, markedly progressed. Her younger brother was 36 years of age at the onset of disease, which presented as muscle weakness of his left upper limb. One year later, he showed dysphagia and dysarthria, and tracheostomy ventilation was performed. He became bedridden at the age of 37 and died at the age of 55. There were no abnormal intracranial findings on brain computed tomography scans obtained at the age of 37 years. At the age of 48 years, computed tomography scans showed marked brain atrophy with ventricular dilatation. Subsequently, atrophy of the whole brain rapidly progressed as in his elder sister. We conclude that a homozygous deletion-type mutation in the optineurin gene may be associated with widespread multisystem degeneration in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Is Big Brother Watching You? The Evolving Role of the State in Regulating and Conducting Quality Assurance. CIQG Publication Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Salmi, Jamil

2015-01-01

A recent report published in the United Kingdom proposed the image of "an avalanche" to describe the radical changes affecting tertiary education in many parts of the world (Barber, Donnelly and Rizvi, 2013). Indeed, powerful transformative forces of three kinds--rupture factors, crisis factors and stimulus factors--are challenging…

Keep Laptop Cool with Simple Custom Riser

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rynone, William

2012-01-01

Although the author's netbook computer--a diminished capacity laptop computer--uses less power than its big brother, when working with it on his lap, his thighs are roasted, even in the winter. When using the unit on a flat surface, such as a table top, the bottom surface of the computer and table top become quite warm--and it is generally…

Using Video Diaries to Record Student Attitudes and Emotions towards Mathematics in Year Three and Year Six Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Larkin, Kevin; Jorgensen, Robyn

2014-01-01

Accessing children's feelings and attitudes towards mathematics is a challenging proposition since methods for data collection may be fraught in terms of bias and power relations. This paper explores a method using iPads and a video diary technique not dissimilar to the "Big Brother" room with which many children are familiar. We…

Different fecal microbiotas and volatile organic compounds in treated and untreated children with celiac disease.

PubMed

Di Cagno, Raffaella; Rizzello, Carlo G; Gagliardi, Francesca; Ricciuti, Patrizia; Ndagijimana, Maurice; Francavilla, Ruggiero; Guerzoni, M Elisabetta; Crecchio, Carmine; Gobbetti, Marco; De Angelis, Maria

2009-06-01

This study aimed at investigating the fecal microbiotas of children with celiac disease (CD) before (U-CD) and after (T-CD) they were fed a gluten-free diet and of healthy children (HC). Brothers or sisters of T-CD were enrolled as HC. Each group consisted of seven children. PCR-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis with V3 universal primers revealed a unique profile for each fecal sample. PCR-DGGE analysis with group- or genus-specific 16S rRNA gene primers showed that the Lactobacillus community of U-CD changed significantly, while the diversity of the Lactobacillus community of T-CD was quite comparable to that of HC. Compared to HC, the ratio of cultivable lactic acid bacteria and Bifidobacterium to Bacteroides and enterobacteria was lower in T-CD and even lower in U-CD. The percentages of strains identified as lactobacilli differed as follows: HC (ca. 38%) > T-CD (ca. 17%) > U-CD (ca. 10%). Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus rossiae, and Lactobacillus pentosus were identified only in fecal samples from T-CD and HC. Lactobacillus fermentum, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, and Lactobacillus gasseri were identified only in several fecal samples from HC. Compared to HC, the composition of Bifidobacterium species of T-CD varied, and it varied even more for U-CD. Forty-seven volatile organic compounds (VOCs) belonging to different chemical classes were identified using gas-chromatography mass spectrometry-solid-phase microextraction analysis. The median concentrations varied markedly for HC, T-CD, and U-CD. Overall, the r(2) values for VOC data for brothers and sisters were equal to or lower than those for unrelated HC and T-CD. This study shows the effect of CD pathology on the fecal microbiotas of children.

Predictors of unmet needs and psychological distress in adolescent and young adult siblings of people diagnosed with cancer.

PubMed

McDonald, F E J; Patterson, P; White, K J; Butow, P; Bell, M L

2015-03-01

Predictors of psychological distress and unmet needs amongst adolescents and young adults (AYAs) who have a brother or sister diagnosed with cancer were examined. There were 106 AYAs (12-24 years old) who completed questionnaires covering demographics, psychological distress (Kessler 10), unmet needs (Sibling Cancer Needs Instrument) and family relationships (Family Relationship Index; Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire; Sibling Perception Questionnaire (SPQ)). Three models were analysed (demographic variables, cancer-specific variables and family functioning variables) using multiple linear regression to determine the role of the variables in predicting psychological distress and unmet needs. Unmet needs were higher for AYA siblings when treatment was current or a relapse had occurred. Higher scores on the SPQ-Interpersonal subscale indicating a perceived decrease in the quality of relationships with parents and others were associated with higher levels of distress and unmet needs. The age and gender of the AYA sibling, whether it was their brother or sister who was diagnosed with cancer, the age difference between them, the number of parents living with the AYA sibling, parental birth country, time since diagnosis, Family Relationship Index, Adult Sibling Relationship Questionnaire and the SPQ-Communication subscale did not significantly impact outcome variables. These results highlight the variables that can assist in identifying AYA siblings of cancer patients who are at risk and have a greater need for psychosocial assistance. Variables that may be associated with increased distress and unmet needs are reported to assist with future research. The results are also useful in informing the development of targeted psychosocial support for AYA siblings of cancer patients. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

[Would fertility be hereditary? (author's transl)].

PubMed

Deville, J C

1979-11-01

The statistical relation between the size of the families from which a husband and wife come and their own fertility is a proven fact. The study of the offspring of "complete" families, that is of 1st marriages which have not ended in divorce by the wife's 45th birthday, shows that the number of children is statistically greater among parents who themselves come from large families. This holds true whether the family of the mother or, more unexpectedly, of the father, is considered. Thus, an only daughter has, on the average, 2.15 children while a woman having 8 or more brothers and sisters has 3.19 children. Only sons have 2.11 children, while men from families of 9 or more have 3.22. However, these statistics are valid only as an average. For example, women having 5 brothers or sisters show no particular tendency to have a family of 6 children. In all cases, irrespective of family origins, the most frequent number of offspring remains 2. A 2nd element which also becomes quite clear is that the eldest children have the largest families. As a general rule, the order of birth of a child within his family has a consistent influence on the number of offspring he will have. These statistics suggest that, in all likelihood, the tendency to reproduce a given family model has psycho-sociological origins. However, other factors affecting fertility can be envisaged, whether it be biological fertility, social status, level of education, or even a persistent influence of geographical origins. In reality, it is difficult to isolate the precise influence of individual factors, as they interlink to produce a combined effect. (Author's)

Consanguinity Among Parents of Iranian Deaf Children.

PubMed

Ajallouyan, Mohammad; Radfar, Shokofeh; Nouhi, Sima; Tavallaie, Seid Abbas; Amirsalari, Susan; Yousefi, Jaleh; Hasanali Fard, Mahdieh

2016-11-01

It seems that there is a relationship between consanguinity and profound hearing loss but there is little data about the association of consanguinity and hearing loss in Iran. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causes of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among Iranian samples who are candidates for cochlear implantation. This study was retrospective, analytical, and designed to collect information about profound hearing impaired cases referred to the Baqiyatallah Cochlear implantation center using enumeration. A total of 310 children with profound hearing impairments participated in this study. They were aged from 6 months to 4 years old. The study was done between January 2007 and April 2009. Chi-square tests were used to show whether there was any statistical difference between the incidence of marital consanguinity of their parents and the normal population. Sixty-five percent of those 310 children had parents who had married with their relatives. Of the 203 (65%) parents that had consanguineous marriages, 132 were first cousins, which includes the children of two brothers (37 [11.8%] patrilateral parallel cousins), the children of two sisters (38 [12.2%] multi-lateral parallel cousins), or the children of a brother and a sister (57 [18.3%] cross cousins). Fifty-four (17.4%) of the parents were second cousins and 17 (5.2%) were beyond second cousins. Also, hearing loss etiology was obvious in 237 (76.3%) of the patients with profound hearing loss but was unknown in 73 (23.7%). Hereditary was identified as the most common cause in 33% of the cases. Our data demonstrated a 65% occurrence of consanguineous marriage among the parents of deaf children, which is statistically different from the percentage of consanguineous marriage among Iranian population (38%). This indicates an obvious relationship between severe hearing loss and consanguineous marriage.

Retinitis pigmentosa, Coats disease and uveitis.

PubMed

Solomon, A; Banin, E; Anteby, I; Benezra, D

1999-01-01

To study the anamnestic immune response to retinal specific antigens of two patients suffering from a rare triad of retinitis pigmentosa, Coats disease and uveitis. 17-year-old girl presented with an acute episode of panuveitis, and her 19-year-old brother suffered from chronic uveitis. On examination, both patients showed retinal vascular changes and subretinal exudations typical of Coats disease, with bone-spicule pigmentary changes as observed in retinitis pigmentosa. All routine examinations were unrevealing. However, the peripheral lymphocytes from these two siblings gave a specific anamnestic response to retinal antigens in vitro. A stimulation index of 4.6 was obtained when the sister's lymphocytes were stimulated with interphotoreceptor binding protein, IRBP--during the acute stage of the uveitis. The brother's lymphocytes showed a stimulation index of 2.7 towards S-Ag during the chronic phase of his uveitic condition. These results indicate that autoimmunity towards retinal antigens may play some role in specific types of retinitis pigmentosa. Whether these autoimmune reactions are a primary pathological mechanism or are secondary to the extensive destruction of the photoreceptor layer resulting from the retinitis pigmentosa remains debatable.

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms in PTSD patients' families of origin.

PubMed

Watson, C G; Anderson, P E; Gearhart, L P

1995-10-01

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) patients, psychiatric controls, and hospital employee controls rated their father, mother, and oldest sibling of each sex on 14 PTSD Interview (PTSD-I) symptom ratings. The stress disorder patients assigned their relatives significantly higher PTSD-I ratings than the control group members did in 35 of 120 comparisons. The number of significant differences was nearly identical in the fathers, mothers, sisters, and brothers. Differences were particularly frequent on items pertaining to intrusive thoughts, impoverished relationships, and guilt. The results suggest that a trauma survivor's risk for PTSD may be related to his family's history for PTSD-like behaviors.

Through the eyes of young sibling donors: the hematopoietic stem cell donation experience.

PubMed

D'Auria, Jennifer P; Fitzgerald, Tania M; Presler, Cammie M; Kasow, Kimberly A

2015-01-01

This qualitative study used a grounded theory approach to explore how pediatric sibling donors of a successful hematopoietic stem cell transplantation conceptualized their donation experiences. Saving my sister's (or brother's) life describes the central phenomenon identified by this purposive sample of 8 sibling donors. Five themes captured their memories: being the perfect match, stepping up, worrying about the outcome, the waiting process, and sharing a special bond. Further research surrounding changes in relational issues will provide insight into inter-sibling support and the developmental course of the sibling relationship into adulthood when intensified by a health crisis. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

[Sibling relations from the family therapy perspective--support, attachment, rivalry and envy].

PubMed

Cierpka, M

2001-01-01

In family therapy, during the last years more and more importance is attached to the dynamics of the sibling subsystem. In the present paper differences between them as well as similarities are discussed from the point of view of family theory. Relevant dimensions like support, attachment, rivalry and envy between brothers and sisters contribute essentially to the family dynamics. In this clinically orientated paper, we describe by means of a case example how the couple's conflicts after their separation is unconsciously repeated in the sibling subsystem. It is shown how the intergenerational dynamics can be interrupted by the initiative of the children and the initiated family therapy.

[Relationship between phenotype and genotype of ABCB11 deficiency in siblings and literature review].

PubMed

Peng, X R; Lu, Y; Zhang, M H; Li, L T; Xie, X B; Gong, J Y; Wang, J S

2018-06-02

Objective: To explore the relationship between genotype and phenotype of ABCB11 deficiency. Methods: Clinical data of two siblings with ABCB11 deficiency were retrospectively analyzed. Related literature from PubMed, CNKI and Wangfang databases was reviewed to date (up to August 2017) with 'ABCB11 gene' or 'bile salt export pump', 'cholestasis' and 'child' as key words. Results: The patients were siblings. Both of them presented as jaundice, pruritus and hepatosplenomegaly since 3 days after birth. Significant laboratory findings on admission of the older sister included high total bilirubin, 170 µmol/L;conjugated bilirubin, 115.8 µmol/L;alanine aminotransferase, 168 U/L;total bile acid 186.3 µmol/L and normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase. While routine laboratory data of the younger brother were as follows: total bilirubin, 148.8 µmol/L;conjugated bilirubin, 96.3 µmol/L;alanine aminotransferase, 232.8 U/L;total bile acid 226 µmol/L, and normal gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase.Both received ursodeoxycholic acid and fat-soluble vitamins. Liver pathology of the younger brother showed giant hepatocytes with ballooning degeneration, focal necrosis and intrahepatic cholestasis. Both the patients harbor the same compound heterozygous mutations in ABCB11 gene, c.145C>T (p.Q49X) and c.1510G>A (p.E504K). The sister is 9 years old now, with normal liver function. Jaundice faded around 3 months after birth, pruritus relieved at age 5, and medications was stopped since then. The brother progressed to liver failure after an operation on perianal abscess when he was 8-month-old, and received living-related liver transplantation when he was 9 month and 20 days old (from his mother). Now he is 1 year and 5 months old, with normal liver function. Both are under our follow-up. Literature review revealed 18 ABCB11 deficiency patients from 7 families who had apparent different prognoses, within each family the siblings had the same ABCB11 gene mutation. Seven cases relieved after ursodeoxycholic acid therapy and/or partial external biliary diversion, 5 received orthotopic liver transplantation, 2 developed hepatocellular carcinoma and 4 cases died in childhood. Conclusions: The clinical manifestations of ABCB11 deficiency may vary greatly in patients carrying the same genotype, even in siblings. Patients should be managed in individualized maner.

Socio-Technical Systems Analysis and Manufacturing Technology: Addressing "Big Brother" and Computers in Blue-Collar Work.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Taylor, James C.

For more than 80 years, jobs in the United States have been designed by people for others. For most of these years, the experts in job design have placed the production technology above the job holder in importance. Since the 1950s, many jobs have been redesigned around new, computer-based technology. Often, the net effect has been to make those…

Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication (86th, Kansas City, Missouri, July 30-August 2, 2003). Entertainment Studies Interest Group.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

2003

The Entertainment Studies Interest Group of the proceedings contains the following 9 papers: "Beyond Modern Racism: Backlash and Brutality on 'The Shield'" (John D. Richardson); "Big Brother and the T-Group: How We Might Learn from Reality Television" (Rod Allen and Nod Miller); "Hegemony and Counterhegemony in Bravo's…

The United States Air Force Academy: A Bibliography 2001-2005

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-01-01

Faldons. WEEKLY COMPILATION OF PRESIDENTIAL DOCUMENTS May 16, 2003: 612-613. PERIODICAL ARTICLES 31. Academy names new women’s basketball coach...succeed. CHECKPOINTS Fall 2003: 50-51. 382. Popovich, 󈨊, NBA Coach of the Year. CHECKPOINTS Spring 2003: 50. 383. Rauschkolb, Dick...178 185 Basketball 31 38 45 Battlebots Tournament 64 Beer, Heather 128 Bell, Luke 65 Benn, Elizabeth 245 Biancur, Andrew W 314 Big Brothers

Defining ’Anonymity’ in Networked Communication, Version 1

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-12-01

conference that features many current works on anonymity [5]. 7. References [1] D . Chaum , “Security without Identification: Transaction Systems...to make Big Brother Obsolete,” Communications of the ACM 28:10 (1985), pp. 1030-1044. [2] D . Chaum , “The Dining Cryptographers Problem: Unconditional...Sender and Recipient Untraceability,” Journal of Cryptology 1:1 (1988), pp. 65-75. [3] D . Chaum , “Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the family members of women with polycystic ovary syndrome from North India.

PubMed

Shabir, Iram; Ganie, Mohd Ashraf; Zargar, Mohd Afzal; Bhat, Dilafroz; Mir, Mohd Muzzafar; Jan, Aleem; Shah, Zaffar Amin; Jan, Vicar; Rasool, Riyaz; Naqati, Andleeb

2014-05-01

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is the most complex and common endocrine disorder of women in reproductive years. In addition to irregular menstrual cycles, chronic anovulation and hyperandrogenism, it has many metabolic manifestations such as obesity, hyperlipidemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, dysglycemia, increased risk of cardiovascular disease or possibly endometrial cancer. Familial clustering of PCOS in consistence with the genetic susceptibility has been described. The present study assessed the clinical, biochemical and hormonal parameters including prevalence of metabolic syndrome by two different criteria in the first- degree relatives of patients with PCOS. The average age of 37 index patients was 23 ± 3.6 years, with the mean age of menarche as 13.3 ± 1.2 years. The mean age and age of menarche in mothers (n = 22) was 48.8 ± 5.1 and 13 ± 1.3 years, respectively, whereas as it was 23.5 ± 4.7 and 13.3 ± 1.2 years in sisters (n = 22), respectively. Metabolic syndrome (MS) defined by International Diabetes Federation (IDF) criteria was present in 10 index patients, 1 brother, 4 sisters, 17 mothers and 15 fathers while as by Adult Treatment Panel III (ATP III) it was in 8 index patients, 5 sisters, 16 mothers and 11 fathers. The presence of MS or related metabolic derangements is high in the family members of women with PCOS.

Super Mario brothers and sisters: Associations between coplaying video games and sibling conflict and affection.

PubMed

Coyne, Sarah M; Jensen, Alexander C; Smith, Nathan J; Erickson, Daniel H

2016-02-01

Video games can be played in many different contexts. This study examined associations between coplaying video games between siblings and levels of affection and conflict in the relationship. Participants were 508 adolescents (M age = 16.31 years of age, SD = 1.08) who completed questionnaires on video game use and sibling relationships. Participants were recruited from a large Northwestern city and a moderate city in the Mountain West of the United States. Video games played between siblings were coded by an independent sample to assess levels of physical aggression and prosocial behavior in each game. Playing video games with a sibling was associated with higher levels of sibling affection for both boys and girls, but higher levels of conflict for boys only. Playing a violent video game with a brother was associated with lower levels of conflict in the sibling relationship, whereas playing a prosocial video game was not related to any sibling outcome. The value of video games in sibling relationships will be discussed, with a focus on the type of game and the sex of the adolescent. Copyright © 2015 The Foundation for Professionals in Services for Adolescents. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mexican-American Adolescents’ Gender-Typed Characteristics: The Role of Sibling and Friend Characteristics

PubMed Central

Wheeler, Lorey A.; Updegraff, Kimberly A.; Schaefer, David R.

2016-01-01

This study examined the role of sibling and friend characteristics in Mexican-American youth’s gender-typed characteristics (i.e., attitudes, interests, and leisure activities) in early versus middle adolescence using a sibling design. Mexican-American 7th graders (M = 12.51 years; SD = .58) and their older siblings (M = 15.48 years; SD = 1.57) from 246 families participated in home interviews and a series of seven nightly phone calls. Results revealed that younger/early adolescent siblings reported more traditional gender role attitudes than their older/middle adolescent siblings and older brothers were more traditional in their attitudes than older sisters. When comparing siblings’ gender-typed interests and leisure activities, boys reported more masculine orientations than girls and girls reported more feminine orientations than boys. Older brothers’ gender-typed characteristics were associated with the amount of time spent with and gender characteristics of their friendship group, but for younger brothers, sibling characteristics were associated with their gender-typed characteristics. In contrast, both sibling and friendship characteristics were significantly associated with older and younger sisters’ gender-typed characteristics. The discussion addressed the different correlates of older and younger sisters’ and brothers’ gender-typed characteristics. PMID:25539774

An Infrastructure for Multi-Level Secure Service-Oriented Architecture (MLS-SOA) Using the Multiple Single-Level Approach

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-12-17

IEEE TDKE, 1996. 8( 1). 14. Garvey, T.D., The inference Problem for Computer Security. 1992, SRI International. 15. Chaum , D ., Blind Signatures for...Pervasive Computing Environments. IEEE Transactions on Vehicular Technology, 2006. 55(4). 17. Chaum , D ., Security without Identification: Transaction...Systems to make Big Brother Obsolete. Communications of the ACM 1985. 28(10). 18. Chaum , D ., Untraceable Electronic Mail, Return Addresses, and Digital

The Interfamilial Principle and the Harvest Festival.

PubMed

Cherkassky, Lisa

2016-03-01

It is widely accepted that younger children can act as saviour siblings by donating cord blood or bone marrow to their gravely-ill brothers or sisters. However, it is under dispute whether these procedures are in the best interests of the child. This article suggests that parents may be relying on a thinly-veiled interfamilial approach, where the wider benefit to the whole family is used to justify the procedure to the Human Tissue Authority in the United Kingdom. This article suggests that the merging of familial interests to validate a non-therapeutic bone marrow harvest on a child forces altruism in a patient too young to understand, rendering the harvests unlawful under current law.

Membership in fraternities and sororities, depression, and suicidal ideation.

PubMed

Ridgway, Rachael; Tang, Connie; Lester, David

2014-06-01

College student membership in fraternities/sororities may have positive or negative effects on their behavior. This study investigated the relationships between fraternity/sorority membership, depression, and suicidal behavior. 293 undergraduate students (232 women, 61 men; M age = 22.6 yr., SD = 1.5, range = 18-24; 127 sorority sisters, 35 fraternity brothers) from a rural state college participated in the study. Depression, self-esteem and perceived social support were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory, the Rosenberg Self-esteem Scale, and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support, respectively. Depression and suicidal ideation correlated negatively with self-esteem and perceived social support, but were not correlated with membership in fraternities/sororities.

Hypereosinophilia in erythrodermic psoriasis: superimposed scabies.

PubMed

Harman, Mehmet; Uçmak, Derya; Akkurt, Zeynep M; Türkçü, Gül

2014-09-01

Scabies is a common ectoparasitic disease that can be diagnosed based on the presence of pruritus and typical clinical signs including burrows, vesicles, and erythematous papules. If a desquamative disease such as psoriasis precedes scabies, then the disease course may be altered. Pruritus may be absent and typical scabies lesions may be concealed due to the preexisting disease, resulting in delayed diagnosis. We present 2 cases of scabies in a brother and sister with erythrodermic psoriasis. In both cases peripheral hypereosinophilia suggested scabies. In patients with erythematous scaly inflammatory skin diseases who are treated with immunosuppressive agents, peripheral eosinophilia also could suggest scabies; therefore, a search for sarcoptic mites in skin scrapings should be undertaken.

Familial Recurrence of 3MC Syndrome in Consanguineous Families: A Clinical and Molecular Diagnostic Approach With Review of the Literature.

PubMed

Gardner, Olivia K; Haynes, Karla; Schweitzer, Daniela; Johns, Alexis; Magee, William P; Urata, Mark M; Sanchez-Lara, Pedro A

2017-11-01

We report four individuals from two unrelated consanguineous families with 3MC syndrome. In the first family, chromosome microarray data revealed that the two affected sisters, born to first-cousin parents, shared a unique homozygous C-terminal deletion in the COLEC11 gene. Two affected brothers from a second family, also born to first-cousin parents, shared a region of homozygosity that included the second gene known to cause the 3MC syndrome, MASP1. We discuss the diagnostic approach of craniofacial disorders born to consanguineous parents and highlight a literature search and reference a helpful dysmorphology solution powered by FDNA (Facial Dysmorphology Novel Analysis) technology.

Combination of retinitis pigmentosa and hearing loss caused by a novel mutation in PRPH2 and a known mutation in GJB2: importance for differential diagnosis of Usher syndrome.

PubMed

Fakin, Ana; Zupan, Andrej; Glavač, Damjan; Hawlina, Marko

2012-12-15

Purpose of this study was to molecularly characterize a family in which two brothers (46 and 36 years) presented with a combination of retinitis pigmentosa (RP) and severe sensorineural hearing loss while father and sister (71 and 41 years) presented with isolated RP. Retinal phenotype was compared with phenotype of 17 patients with Usher syndrome type 1. Ophthalmological examination included assessment of Snellen visual acuity, color vision with Ishihara tables, Goldmann perimetry (targets II/1-4) and microperimetry. Fundus autofluorescence imaging and optical coherence tomography were performed. Direct sequencing of all coding exons and flanking intronic sequences of GJB2 (gap junction protein, beta 2) and PRPH2 (peripherin 2) genes was performed in younger brother. Other family members were analyzed with sequencing (GJB2), high resolution melt analysis (GJB2) or restriction enzymes (PRPH2). Brothers with hearing loss were found to carry a homozygous c.35 delG mutation in GJB2, the most common mutation associated with recessive hearing loss. All patients were found to carry a novel heterozygous mutation c.389T>C (p.Leu130Pro) on PRPH2. Age of onset was higher in PRPH2 than USH1 patients, however with some overlap. Differentiation from retinal phenotype of USH1 could only be made in the oldest patient, who retained good central visual function after more than three decades of disease. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sibling sex ratio and sexual orientation in men and women: new tests in two national probability samples.

PubMed

Bogaert, Anthony F

2005-02-01

One line of research on the etiology of sexual orientation has examined sibling sex ratio, the ratio of brothers to sisters collectively reported by a group of individuals, but this research has only used clinical and/or convenience samples. In the present study, homosexual men and women's sibling sex ratio was examined in two national probability samples. Results indicated that homosexual men had a sex ratio of 129.54 male live births to 100 female live births. This ratio was within the range of elevated sex ratios found in some previous studies of homosexual men, although it was only marginally significant (p = .09) relative to the known human sex ratio with regard to live births. Additional analyses indicated that this effect was likely the result of a high fraternal birth order (i.e., an elevated number of older brothers) in homosexual men. The sibling sex ratio for lesbians was 122.58 male live births to 100 female live births, which did not significantly differ from the known human sex ratio with regard to live births. The results for lesbians, however, should be interpreted with caution because the sample size (and resulting power) was low. The results in men add to research suggesting that homosexual men, unselected for gender identity or gender role behavior, do not have elevated sibling sex ratios. These results also suggest that research should concentrate on finding the cause(s) of the fraternal birth order effect, the consistent finding that homosexual men have an elevated number of older brothers.

The Life and Work of Dr. Beadie Eugene Conner: An African American Physician in Jim Crow Texas.

PubMed

Volanto, Keith

2012-01-01

[[On a bright, sunny day in late May 1980, commencement exercises were underway at Meharry Medical College in Nashville, Tennessee. More than 250 physicians, dentists, nurses, candidates in health administration, dental hygienists, and medical technicians prepared to receive their certifications from the second-oldest historically black medical school in the country. Wearing a brown gabardine suit, Dr. Beadie Eugene Conner prepared to be called up to the podium along with some former classmates of Meharry’s class of 1930 to receive a plaque commemorating fifty years of public service. As he made his way up to the podium, tears began to well up in his eyes as he thought about his mother who would be so proud of him, his deceased wife, Willie Ruel, their daughter, Georgia, and the many years that had passed since he received his medical degree. The event contributed to the retired doctor’s desire to write an autobiography. Though never completed, rough drafts of the manuscript’s early chapters (along with other existing personal documents) provide an invaluable window into the interesting life of an important African American physician in twentieth-century Texas.1 The Conner family’s emphasis on education started long before Beadie was born. The earliest relatives of Dr. Conner so far identified are William Conner and Rachel Sterling Conner of Blount County, in eastern Tennessee. Family records indicate that William was born a slave in Knox County, Tennessee, sometime in 1814. He had already purchased his freedom by 1843 when he married Rachel Sterling, a woman born in 1829 into a free black family. William and Rachel lived on a Blount County farm through the Civil War years, raising six boys and one girl. Beadie Conner’s father, David Alexander Conner, was the fourth oldest son, born in 1859. After William died in 1866, Rachel moved the family to Louisville (a community in Blount County not to be confused with the city in Kentucky), where she kept house while David and his two youngest brothers attended school. By the late 1870s, the family had relocated to Knoxville before breaking up and going their separate ways. Among David’s siblings, his sister became a schoolteacher, two brothers served as ministers, one brother became a successful mortician, and his youngest brother, George Sherman Conner (destined to become a role model for young Beadie), started out as a teacher in Paris, Texas, before becoming a physician and important community leader in Waco.2 Much had transpired in David Alexander Conner’s life by the time his twin children Beadie and Beatrice were born on July 8, 1902, in Miller County, Arkansas, on a farm along the banks of the Red River. A widower living with six children from his previous marriage, he had met Queen Fowler Newlin, a short, beautiful woman of French and Choctaw extraction while attending a Baptist convention in Hope, Arkansas, in 1900. After a brief correspondence and courtship, the two married in 1901. Queen had five children from her previous marriage, thus Beadie and Beatrice became the youngest additions to a family already containing eleven brothers and sisters...

Siblings of children with complex care needs: their perspectives and experiences of participating in everyday life.

PubMed

Woodgate, R L; Edwards, M; Ripat, J D; Rempel, G; Johnson, S F

2016-07-01

Participating in everyday life is essential to the healthy development and emotional well-being of children. However, little is known about siblings of children with complex care needs (CCN), and their perspectives and experiences of participating in everyday life. The aim of this paper is to present research findings that add to our understanding of how siblings of children with CCN view and experience participation in everyday life. To arrive at a detailed and accurate understanding of the siblings' perspectives and experiences, we used the qualitative research design of ethnography. Sixteen siblings (seven brothers, nine sisters) of children with CCN were recruited. The siblings ranged in age between 7 and 25 years, with a mean age of 14 years. All siblings took part in opened-ended interviews and completed ecomaps to describe how they participate. Five siblings also took part in the photovoice method. Analysis involved several iterative steps, congruent with ethnography. Four main themes emerged as follows: (1) participation is about being part of a group; (2) it feels good; (3) I love my sibling but…; and (4) promoting participation. Siblings of children with CCN identified challenges to participation and also described ways that they participate that relate to the care of their sibling. Siblings prioritized the relationship with their sisters and brothers with CCN in their life, and a great deal of their participation was chosen with their sibling in mind. Sibling-to-sibling relationships were distinct and meaningful and, as a result, participation was always done mindfully and with the family needs at the forefront. Nonetheless, clinicians caring for children with CCN must keep in mind the challenges that siblings of children with CCN experience and provide strategies to siblings that will help to promote their participation in everyday life. © 2016 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Survival of Parents and Siblings of Supercentenarians

PubMed Central

Perls, Thomas; Kohler, Iliana V.; Andersen, Stacy; Schoenhofen, Emily; Pennington, JaeMi; Young, Robert; Terry, Dellara; Elo, Irma T.

2011-01-01

Background Given previous evidence of familial predisposition for longevity, we hypothesized that siblings and parents of supercentenarians (age ≥ 110 years) were predisposed to survival to very old age and that, relative to their birth cohorts, their relative survival probabilities (RSPs) are even higher than what has been observed for the siblings of centenarians. Methods Mean age at death conditional upon survival to ages 20 and 50 and survival probabilities from ages 20 and 50 to higher ages were determined for 50 male and 56 female siblings and 54 parents of 29 supercentenarians. These estimates were contrasted with comparable estimates based on birth cohort-specific mortality experience for the United States and Sweden. Results Conditional on survival to age 20 years, mean age at death of supercentenarians’ siblings was ~81 years for men and women. Compared with respective Swedish and U.S. birth cohorts, these estimates were 17%–20% (12–14 years) higher for the brothers and 11%–14% (8–10 years) higher for the sisters. Sisters had a 2.9 times greater probability and brothers had a 4.3 times greater probability of survival from age 20 to age 90. Mothers of supercentenarians had a 5.8 times greater probability of surviving from age 50 to age 90. Fathers also experienced an increased survival probability from age 50 to age 90 of 2.7, but it failed to attain statistical significance. Conclusions The RSPs of siblings and mothers of supercentenarians revealed a substantial survival advantage and were most pronounced at the oldest ages. The RSP to age 90 for siblings of supercentenarians was approximately the same as that reported for siblings of centenarians. It is possible that greater RSPs are observed for reaching even higher ages such as 100 years, but a larger sample of supercentenarians and their siblings and parents is needed to investigate this possibility. PMID:17895443

Survival of parents and siblings of supercentenarians.

PubMed

Perls, Thomas; Kohler, Iliana V; Andersen, Stacy; Schoenhofen, Emily; Pennington, JaeMi; Young, Robert; Terry, Dellara; Elo, Irma T

2007-09-01

Given previous evidence of familial predisposition for longevity, we hypothesized that siblings and parents of supercentenarians (age >or= 110 years) were predisposed to survival to very old age and that, relative to their birth cohorts, their relative survival probabilities (RSPs) are even higher than what has been observed for the siblings of centenarians. Mean age at death conditional upon survival to ages 20 and 50 and survival probabilities from ages 20 and 50 to higher ages were determined for 50 male and 56 female siblings and 54 parents of 29 supercentenarians. These estimates were contrasted with comparable estimates based on birth cohort-specific mortality experience for the United States and Sweden. Conditional on survival to age 20 years, mean age at death of supercentenarians' siblings was approximately 81 years for men and women. Compared with respective Swedish and U.S. birth cohorts, these estimates were 17%-20% (12-14 years) higher for the brothers and 11%-14% (8-10 years) higher for the sisters. Sisters had a 2.9 times greater probability and brothers had a 4.3 times greater probability of survival from age 20 to age 90. Mothers of supercentenarians had a 5.8 times greater probability of surviving from age 50 to age 90. Fathers also experienced an increased survival probability from age 50 to age 90 of 2.7, but it failed to attain statistical significance. The RSPs of siblings and mothers of supercentenarians revealed a substantial survival advantage and were most pronounced at the oldest ages. The RSP to age 90 for siblings of supercentenarians was approximately the same as that reported for siblings of centenarians. It is possible that greater RSPs are observed for reaching even higher ages such as 100 years, but a larger sample of supercentenarians and their siblings and parents is needed to investigate this possibility.

Consanguinity Among Parents of Iranian Deaf Children

PubMed Central

Ajallouyan, Mohammad; Radfar, Shokofeh; Nouhi, Sima; Tavallaie, Seid Abbas; Amirsalari, Susan; Yousefi, Jaleh; Hasanali Fard, Mahdieh

2016-01-01

Background It seems that there is a relationship between consanguinity and profound hearing loss but there is little data about the association of consanguinity and hearing loss in Iran. Objectives The aim of this study is to demonstrate the causes of profound bilateral sensorineural hearing loss among Iranian samples who are candidates for cochlear implantation. Methods This study was retrospective, analytical, and designed to collect information about profound hearing impaired cases referred to the Baqiyatallah Cochlear implantation center using enumeration. A total of 310 children with profound hearing impairments participated in this study. They were aged from 6 months to 4 years old. The study was done between January 2007 and April 2009. Chi-square tests were used to show whether there was any statistical difference between the incidence of marital consanguinity of their parents and the normal population. Results Sixty-five percent of those 310 children had parents who had married with their relatives. Of the 203 (65%) parents that had consanguineous marriages, 132 were first cousins, which includes the children of two brothers (37 [11.8%] patrilateral parallel cousins), the children of two sisters (38 [12.2%] multi-lateral parallel cousins), or the children of a brother and a sister (57 [18.3%] cross cousins). Fifty-four (17.4%) of the parents were second cousins and 17 (5.2%) were beyond second cousins. Also, hearing loss etiology was obvious in 237 (76.3%) of the patients with profound hearing loss but was unknown in 73 (23.7%). Hereditary was identified as the most common cause in 33% of the cases. Conclusions Our data demonstrated a 65% occurrence of consanguineous marriage among the parents of deaf children, which is statistically different from the percentage of consanguineous marriage among Iranian population (38%). This indicates an obvious relationship between severe hearing loss and consanguineous marriage. PMID:28191326

Big Brother Or Trusted Allies How The Police Can Earn Community Support For Using Unmanned Aircraft

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-12-01

many law enforcement agencies across the nation to use this technology and enable widespread surveillance of the American people . The thought of...daily activities. American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU) writer Jay Stanly has given voice to his organization’s concerns when he said that law...enforcement agencies and some of the people they serve. In the wake of high profile and controversial uses of force across the nation, many seemingly

Imprinting and flexibility in human face cognition.

PubMed

Marcinkowska, Urszula M; Terraube, Julien; Kaminski, Gwenaël

2016-09-29

Faces are an important cue to multiple physiological and psychological traits. Human preferences for exaggerated sex typicality (masculinity or femininity) in faces depend on multiple factors and show high inter-subject variability. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying facial femininity preferences in men, we tested the interactive effect of family structure (birth order, sibling sex-ratio and number of siblings) and parenthood status on these preferences. Based on a group of 1304 heterosexual men, we have found that preference for feminine faces was not only influenced by sibling age and sex, but also that fatherhood modulated this preference. Men with sisters had a weaker preference for femininity than men with brothers, highlighting a possible effect of a negative imprinting-like mechanism. What is more, fatherhood increased strongly the preference for facial femininity. Finally, for fathers with younger sisters only, the more the age difference increased between them, the more femininity preference increased. Overall our findings bring new insight into how early-acquired experience at the individual level may determine face preference in adulthood, and what is more, how these preferences are flexible and potentially dependent on parenthood status in adult men.

Imprinting and flexibility in human face cognition

PubMed Central

Marcinkowska, Urszula M.; Terraube, Julien; Kaminski, Gwenaël

2016-01-01

Faces are an important cue to multiple physiological and psychological traits. Human preferences for exaggerated sex typicality (masculinity or femininity) in faces depend on multiple factors and show high inter-subject variability. To gain a deeper understanding of the mechanisms underlying facial femininity preferences in men, we tested the interactive effect of family structure (birth order, sibling sex-ratio and number of siblings) and parenthood status on these preferences. Based on a group of 1304 heterosexual men, we have found that preference for feminine faces was not only influenced by sibling age and sex, but also that fatherhood modulated this preference. Men with sisters had a weaker preference for femininity than men with brothers, highlighting a possible effect of a negative imprinting-like mechanism. What is more, fatherhood increased strongly the preference for facial femininity. Finally, for fathers with younger sisters only, the more the age difference increased between them, the more femininity preference increased. Overall our findings bring new insight into how early-acquired experience at the individual level may determine face preference in adulthood, and what is more, how these preferences are flexible and potentially dependent on parenthood status in adult men. PMID:27680495

Familial pattern of large vestibular aqueduct syndrome in a Chinese family

PubMed Central

Hazmi, Mohd; Ab Aziz, A.; Asma, A.

2013-01-01

Large Vestibular Aqueduct Syndrome (LVAS) is the most common radiographic malformation in children with early onset of hearing loss. Usually its occurrence is non-familial, however intriguingly a portion of patients with LVAS is found to have evidence of genetic predisposition. We described cases of LVAS in two siblings of a Chinese family. The elder sister first presented with reduced hearing since childhood and her brother has a similar complaint upon further questioning. Their hearing test showed bilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) and computed tomography (CT) of temporal bone showed enlarged vestibular aqueduct in both patients. We described an approach to diagnosis of LVAS and highlight the importance of hearing assessment in genetic link hearing loss. PMID:27034633

Dwarfism and gigantism in historical picture postcards.

PubMed Central

Enderle, A

1998-01-01

A collection of 893 historical picture postcards from 1900 to 1935, depicting dwarfs and giants, was analysed from medical and psychosocial viewpoints. In conditions such as 'bird headed dwarfism', achondroplasia, cretinism, so-called Aztecs or pinheads, Grebe chondrodysplasia, and acromegalic gigantism, the disorder could be diagnosed easily. In hypopituitary dwarfism, exact diagnosis was more difficult because of heterogeneity. The most common conditions depicted were pituitary dwarfism and achondroplasia. Most of those with gigantism had pituitary gigantism and acromegaly. Brothers and sisters or parents and their children provided evidence of mendelian inheritance of some of these disorders. The cards suggest that being put on show provided, at least in some cases, social benefits. Images Figure 1 Figure 2 Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 PMID:9764085

Should selecting saviour siblings be banned?

PubMed

Sheldon, S; Wilkinson, S

2004-12-01

By using tissue typing in conjunction with preimplantation genetic diagnosis doctors are able to pick a human embryo for implantation which, if all goes well, will become a "saviour sibling", a brother or sister capable of donating life-saving tissue to an existing child. This paper addresses the question of whether this form of selection should be banned and concludes that it should not. Three main prohibitionist arguments are considered and found wanting: (a) the claim that saviour siblings would be treated as commodities; (b) a slippery slope argument, which suggests that this practice will lead to the creation of so-called "designer babies"; and (c) a child welfare argument, according to which saviour siblings will be physically and/or psychologically harmed.

Carrier detection of pyruvate carboxylase deficiency in fibroblasts and lymphocytes.

PubMed

Atkin, B M

1979-10-01

Pyruvate carboxylase (E.C. 6.4.1.1) activity was determined in the circulating peripheral lymphocytes and cultured skin fibroblasts from the family of a patient with hepatic, cerebral, renal cortical, leukocyte, and fibroblast pyruvate carboxylase deficiency (PC Portland deficiency). Lymphocyte activities were: mother, 33--39%; father, 11--29%; brother, 82--103%; and sister, 38--48% of the lowest normal. Fibroblasts from the patient's mother and father had 42 and 34%, respectively, of the activity of the lowest normal. These data demonstrate that the disease is inherited in an autosomal recessive manner and that lymphocytes and fibroblasts can be used to detect carriers. Neither pyruvate carboxylase nor mitochondrial PEPCK activity in lymphocytes was increased by a 21-hr fast.

Consanguinity and its relationship to differential fertility and mortality in the Kotia: a tribal population of Andhra Pradesh, India.

PubMed

Yasim; Naidu, J M; Mascie-Taylor, C G

1997-04-01

Data on patterns of marriage, differential fertility and mortality were collected from 211 Kotia women residing in Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh, India. Consanguineous marriages made up just over a quarter of the total, and of these, father's sister's daughter (FSD) were more common than mother's brother's daughter (MBD). The mean inbreeding coefficient for the sample (F) was 0.0172. Women in consanguineous marriages had a lower mean number of total conceptions, live births and living offspring (net fertility) than women in non-consanguineous marriages. Significant heterogeneity was found in the means of living offspring for FSD, MBD and non-consanguineous couples, but not for conceptions and live births.

The Effective and Evolving Role of Graduate Students in the SURFO REU Program

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pockalny, R. A.

2005-12-01

The Summer Undergraduate Research Fellowships in Oceanography (SURFO) program is a 10-week research/educational program designed to expose 9 undergraduates per year to cutting-edge, authentic oceanographic research at the Graduate School of Oceanography/University of Rhode Island. The SURFO program primarily focuses on the more quantitative aspects of oceanography (e.g., physical oceanography, geophysical fluid dynamics and marine geophysics), which closely parallel the strengths of GSO/URI. Thus, the primary undergraduate population targeted by the program includes students from various disciplines, but with strong backgrounds in math, physics, computer science, and engineering. Over its 20-year existence, the SURFO program has continuously evolved; however, three basics goals of the program have been maintained: 1) expose students to the breadth and depth of oceanography, 2) provide students with an authentic research experience, and 3) integrate/assimilate students into the lifestyle and community of a graduate research institution. An integral component for achieving these goals has been the inclusion of graduate students as workshop leaders/instructors, research mentors, and social directors. In these roles the graduate students act as a 'big brother/sister' to transition the undergraduates into the academic and research community. The graduate students also initially behave as liaisons between the senior researcher and the SURFO participant by fielding questions and concerns the undergraduate may be too intimidated to voice. As the summer progresses, the graduate students typically evolve into a lead research advisor and begin to learn effective techniques for advising students. Responses from SURFO participants on exit questionnaires frequently comment on how their experience and research project were directly affected by the extent of graduate student participation during the summer. Anecdotal evidence also indicates the participating graduate students gain maturity in their approach to research and become more willing advisees.

[Kindler syndrome: three cases reports in three siblings].

PubMed

Ezzine Sebaï, N; Trojjet, S; Khaled, A; Zekri, S; Fazaa, B; Jaafoura, M-H; Kamoun, M-R

2007-10-01

Kindler syndrome is a rare type of genetic skin condition belonging to the class of bullous poikilodermia. We report three new cases of this rare syndrome. This condition was seen in two brothers aged 4 and 14 years and in their sister aged 6 years, born of a first-degree consanguineous marriage in a family with Kindler syndrome of varying degrees of severity. The three patients presented spontaneously regressive bullous eruptions, poikilodermia of gradual onset, major cutaneous atrophy on the back of the hands and the feet, pseudo-syndactyly and photosensitivity. The older brother presented a severe form complicated by chronic terminal renal failure with hydronephrosis secondary to urethral stenosis and hypertension as well as oesophageal stenosis requiring dilatation sessions. Electron microscopy examination of poikilodermic skin showed normal anchoring filaments and proliferation of the basal layer. Electron microscopy examination of rubbed poikilodermic skin from the other two siblings showed cleavage at both the superficial and deep intra-epidermal levels. Diagnosis of Kindler syndrome is based upon clinical evidence. Electron microscopic examination is used in particular to rule out congenital bullous epidermolysis. Detachment of layers at two or three different levels in relation to the dermal-epidermal junction described in the literature forms a specific but inconsistent feature of Kindler syndrome.

Doing What Your Big Sister Does: Sex, Postfeminism and the YA Chick Lit Series

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bullen, Elizabeth; Toffoletti, Kim; Parsons, Liz

2011-01-01

Mass-marketed teen chick lit has become a publishing phenomenon and has begun to attract critical interest among children's literature scholars. Much of this critical work, however, has shied away from robust critical assessment of the postfeminist conditions informing the production and reception of young adult series like Private, Gossip Girl…

Big Ideas behind Daily 5 and CAFE

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Boushey, Gail; Moser, Joan

2012-01-01

The Daily 5 and CAFE were born out of The Sister's research and observations of instructional mentors, their intense desire to be able to deliver highly intentional, focused instruction to small groups and individuals while the rest of the class was engaged in truly authentic reading and writing, and their understanding that a one size fits all…

Nonsalt-losing congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency with normal glomerulosa function.

PubMed

Pang, S; Levine, L S; Stoner, E; Opitz, J M; Pollack, M S; Dupont, B; New, M I

1983-04-01

In studies of a 6-yr-old boy and his non-HLA identical 8-yr-old sister, we demonstrated 3 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3 beta-HSD) deficiency in the biosynthetic pathways of glucocorticoids and androgens, but not mineralocorticoids. The sister did not manifest abnormal genital development at birth, but developed premature adrenarche at the age of 4 yr, with clitoromegaly and advanced bone age. The brother had perineal hypospadias at birth and developed premature adrenarche at the age of 6 yr. In both siblings, baseline and ACTH-stimulated delta 5 steroids were markedly elevated. The baseline and ACTH-stimulated ratios of delta 5 to delta 4 steroids remained extremely high, and all steroids promptly suppressed with dexamethasone (DEX). Normal baseline PRA and serum and urinary aldosterone (Aldo) levels increased after stimulation with a low Na+ diet. Renal Na+ conservation was normal after dietary Na+ deprivation with and without DEX administration. The PRA to pH 1 Aldo ratio remained normal with normal and low Na+ diets, regardless of DEX administration, indicating normal glomerulosa function with renin stimulation. In both siblings, ACTH increased PRA and Aldo levels, maintaining the PRA to pH 1 Aldo ratio unchanged from the baseline value. In contrast, in control children, PRA was suppressed, while Aldo increased, resulting in a fall of the PRA to pH 1 Aldo ratio. The increase in PRA with exogenous ACTH in these siblings suggests there may be an ACTH-stimulable mineralocorticoid antagonist. During prolonged DEX administration, hCG administration caused a slight increase in 17-hydroxypregnenolone and dehydroepiandrosterone in both the siblings, while testosterone (T) rose poorly in the brother, and estradiol did not rise at all in the sister. These results suggest the possibility of a deficiency of 3 beta-HSD in the gonads as well as the adrenals. After [3H]dehydroepiandrosterone iv infusion, there was normal conversion to [3H]-conjugated testosterone glucuronide, suggesting the presence of normal peripheral 3 beta-HSD activity. We propose that in these siblings, there is a deficiency of 3 beta-HSD in the adrenal zona fasciculata and zona reticularis, whereas 3 beta-HSD activity is intact in the zona glomerulosa. In addition, in these siblings, 3 beta-HSD deficiency was present in the gonads, while peripheral 3 beta-HSD activity appeared to be intact. These cases demonstrate further the heterogeneity of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 3 beta-HSD deficiency.

Gigantism in sibling unrelated to multiple endocrine neoplasia: case report.

PubMed

Matsuno, A; Teramoto, A; Yamada, S; Kitanaka, S; Tanaka, T; Sanno, N; Osamura, R Y; Kirino, T

1994-11-01

The cases of gigantism sisters with somatotroph adenomas unrelated to multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) Type 1 are reported. The sisters grew rapidly since they were 5 or 6 years old and were diagnosed to have gigantism with pituitary adenoma by computed tomographic scan and magnetic resonance imaging. A serum endocrinological examination showed the elevated growth hormone values. After thyroxine-releasing hormone stimulation, growth hormone values exhibited a paradoxical rise. They were supposed to be unrelated to MEN Type 1, because analysis of the 11th chromosomes and the other endocrine functions were normal. They were operated on by the transphenoidal method. Immunohistochemical staining of both tumor specimens confirmed somatotroph adenomas. Pituitary adenoma associated with MEN Type 1 is a well-recognized entity. However, the sporadic occurrence of pituitary adenoma unrelated to MEN Type 1, especially in siblings, is extremely rare. Fifteen cases of pituitary adenomas in siblings were described in the literature. As for gigantism, only two brothers were reported. Our case of gigantism sisters is the second sporadic case. In our review of the isolated cases of pituitary adenoma in siblings described in the literature, 12 (70%) of 17 cases including ours are acromegaly or gigantism. This incidence is much higher than that of MEN Type 1 patients with pituitary adenomas. The cause of the familial occurrence of pituitary adenomas is still unclear, although autosomal recessive inheritance has been suggested. It has been stated that point mutations in codon 201 or 227 of the Gs alpha gene located in chromosome 20 were found in about 35 to 40% of somatotroph adenomas.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Contributors to Adult Sibling Relationships and Intention to Care of Siblings of Individuals With Down Syndrome.

PubMed

Cuskelly, Monica

2016-05-01

The contribution of childhood sibling relationships to adult sibling relationships and intention to provide care was investigated in a sample in which one member of each dyad had Down syndrome. Thirty-nine adult siblings of an adult with Down syndrome who had participated in a study of sibling relationships in childhood/adolescence provided data about the quality of current relationships and of their intention to provide care for their brother/sister with Down syndrome in the future. Only behavior problems in the child with Down syndrome predicted warmth of the current adult relationship. Although adult sibling relationships were reported to be warm, the quality of neither the current nor the past relationship was associated with the reported intention to provide care.

Sibling influences on gender development in middle childhood and early adolescence: a longitudinal study.

PubMed

McHale, S M; Updegraff, K A; Helms-Erikson, H; Crouter, A C

2001-01-01

The development of gender role qualities (attitudes, personality, leisure activities) from middle childhood to early adolescence was studied to determine whether siblings' gender role qualities predicted those of their sisters and brothers. Participants were 198 firstborn and second-born siblings (Ms = 10 years 9 months and 8 years 3 months, respectively, in Year 1) and their parents. Families were interviewed annually for 3 years. Firstborn siblings' qualities in Year 1 predicted second-born children's qualities in Year 3 when both parent and child qualities in Year 1 were controlled, a pattern consistent with a social learning model of sibling influence. Parental influence was more evident and sibling influence less evident in predicting firstborns' qualities; for firstborns, sibling influences suggested a de-identification process.

The Experiences of Latino Siblings of Children with Developmental Disabilities

PubMed Central

Kao, Barbara; Romero-Bosch, Lilia; Plante, Wendy; Lobato, Debra

2011-01-01

Objective This qualitative study explored the experiences of Latino siblings of children with developmental disabilities. Methods Parents and typically developing siblings from 15 Latino families with a child with a developmental disability participated in separate interviews. Results Using Consensual Qualitative Research methodology (Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), domains reflecting siblings’ relationships, emotional experiences, and communication about the disability were identified. The child’s need for caregiving was a prominent topic in the sibling and parent narratives. Parents reported concerns about siblings’ experience of differential treatment whereas siblings reported concerns about restricted social activities because of their brother/sister. Conclusions Including multiple informants revealed commonalities and differences in parents’ and siblings’ perspectives on the impact of a child’s disability. The importance of considering sibling adaptation in sociocultural context is discussed. PMID:21651613

Telemonitoring in heart failure: Big Brother watching over you.

PubMed

Dierckx, R; Pellicori, P; Cleland, J G F; Clark, A L

2015-01-01

Heart failure (HF) is a leading cause of hospitalisations in older people. Several strategies, supported by novel technologies, are now available to monitor patients' health from a distance. Although studies have suggested that remote monitoring may reduce HF hospitalisations and mortality, the study of different patient populations, the use of different monitoring technologies and the use of different endpoints limit the generalisability of the results of the clinical trials reported, so far. In this review, we discuss the existing home monitoring modalities, relevant trials and focus on future directions for telemonitoring.

Genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors have diverging developmental trajectories: a prospective study among male and female twins.

PubMed

Meyers, Jacquelyn L; Salvatore, Jessica E; Vuoksimaa, Eero; Korhonen, Tellervo; Pulkkinen, Lea; Rose, Richard J; Kaprio, Jaakko; Dick, Danielle M

2014-11-01

Both alcohol-specific genetic factors and genetic factors related to externalizing behavior influence problematic alcohol use. Little is known, however, about the etiologic role of these 2 components of genetic risk on alcohol-related behaviors across development. Prior studies conducted in a male cohort of twins suggest that externalizing genetic factors are important for predicting heavy alcohol use in adolescence, whereas alcohol-specific genetic factors increase in importance during the transition to adulthood. In this report, we studied twin brothers and sisters and brother-sister twin pairs to examine such developmental trajectories and investigate whether sex and cotwin sex effects modify these genetic influences. We used prospective, longitudinal twin data collected between ages 12 and 22 within the population-based FinnTwin12 cohort study (analytic n = 1,864). Our dependent measures of alcohol use behaviors included alcohol initiation (age 12), intoxication frequency (ages 14 and 17), and alcohol dependence criteria (age 22). Each individual's genetic risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD-GR) was indexed by his/her parents' and cotwin's DSM-IV Alcohol Dependence (AD) criterion counts. Likewise, each individual's genetic risk of externalizing disorders (EXT-GR) was indexed with a composite measure of parents' and cotwin's DSM-IV Conduct Disorder and Antisocial Personality Disorder criterion counts. EXT-GR was most strongly related to alcohol use behaviors during adolescence, while AUD-GR was most strongly related to alcohol problems in young adulthood. Further, sex of the twin and sex of the cotwin significantly moderated the associations between genetic risk and alcohol use behaviors across development: AUD-GR influenced early adolescent alcohol use behaviors in females more than in males, and EXT-GR influenced age 22 AD more in males than in females. In addition, the associations of AUD-GR and EXT-GR with intoxication frequency were greater among 14- and 17-year-old females with twin brothers. We found divergent developmental trajectories for alcohol-specific and externalizing behavior-related genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors; in early adolescence, genetic influences on alcohol use behaviors are largely nonspecific, and later in adolescence and young adulthood, alcohol-specific genetic influences on alcohol use are more influential. Importantly, within these overall trajectories, several interesting sex differences emerged. We found that the relationship between genetic risk and problematic drinking across development is moderated by the individual's sex and his/her cotwin's sex. AUD-GR influenced adolescent alcohol outcomes in females more than in males and by age 22, EXT-GR influenced AD criteria more for males than females. In addition, the association between genetic risk and intoxication frequency was greater among 14- and 17-year-old females with male cotwins. Copyright © 2014 by the Research Society on Alcoholism.

Care at End of Life Influences Grief: A Nationwide Long-Term Follow-Up among Young Adults Who Lost a Brother or Sister to Childhood Cancer.

PubMed

Lövgren, Malin; Sveen, Josefin; Nyberg, Tommy; Eilegård Wallin, Alexandra; Prigerson, Holly G; Steineck, Gunnar; Kreicbergs, Ulrika

2018-02-01

A majority of cancer-bereaved siblings report long-term unresolved grief, thus it is important to identify factors that may contribute to resolving their grief. To identify modifiable or avoidable family and care-related factors associated with unresolved grief among siblings two to nine years post loss. This is a nationwide Swedish postal survey. Study-specific questions and the standardized instrument Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. Primary outcome was unresolved grief, and family and care-related factors were used as predictors. Cancer-bereaved sibling (N = 174) who lost a brother/sister to childhood cancer during 2000-2007 in Sweden (participation rate 73%). Seventy-three were males and 101 females. The age of the siblings at time of loss was 12-25 years and at the time of the survey between 19 and 33 years. Several predictors for unresolved grief were identified: siblings' perception that it was not a peaceful death [odds ratio (OR): 9.86, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.39-40.65], limited information given to siblings the last month of life (OR: 5.96, 95% CI: 1.87-13.68), information about the impending death communicated the day before it occurred (OR: 2.73, 95% CI: 1.02-7.33), siblings' avoidance of the doctors (OR: 3.22, 95% CI: 0.75-13.76), and lack of communication with family (OR: 2.86, 95% CI: 1.01-8.04) and people outside the family about death (OR: 5.07, 95% CI: 1.64-15.70). Depressive symptoms (OR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.12-1.45) and time since loss (two to four years: OR: 10.36, 95% CI: 2.87-37.48 and five to seven years: OR: 8.36, 95% CI: 2.36-29.57) also predicted unresolved grief. Together, these predictors explained 54% of the variance of unresolved grief. Siblings' perception that it was not a peaceful death and poor communication with family, friends, and healthcare increased the risk for unresolved grief among the siblings.

Demographic change and marriage choices in one Carib family.

PubMed

Adams, K

1994-03-01

The demographic adaptation of a family of Topside Caribs along the Barama River in Guyana was studied. The family history included two grandfather and granddaughter marriages. Jack Raymond's father, who was born in 1870, left Bottomside after the death of his wife in the 1920s and settled above the falls of the Barama River (Topside in Sawari) with the hope of subsistence living off the rain forest. Information on the grandfather generation was made difficult by name changes, general references to all men in the second generation as grandfathers, and the focus on father's and mother's generation. The typical pattern was for brothers to live close by, and intermarry with a family of sisters. Female children married mother's brothers' sons or father's sisters sons. Their children formed their own cluster settlements. The early history indicated economic hardship, loss of wives, and difficulties in remarrying. The Baird chronicles of the reintroduction of gold mining and the ethnography of Gillin indicated that malaria and round worm were diseases affecting the indigenous population during the 1920s and 1930s. The Topside population was supported by the local gold-mining economy, while the Bottomside population suffered economic hardship and high infant mortality. In the Jack Raymond family, remarriage resulted in children marrying cross cousins. The younger daughter married in the 1940s, when subsistence production of cassava and hunting and gold-mining income provided the family's livelihood. The daughter had 10 surviving children, compared to her adoptive mother's two. For the daughter's generation, the first pregnancy occurred between the ages of 18 and 22 years, and birth spacing was 20-30 months for 25 years. Neither polygyny nor monogamy affected the potential for 12 children. In this Baramita Air Strip population in 1971, there were 62 mothers; reproductive histories were available for 59. The changes in reproductive patterns after 1940 were apparent: for example, a mean of 9.1 surviving children for women aged 40-54 years compared to a mean of 4.3 for women aged 55 years and older. The grandfather-granddaughter marriages were recognized as not the ideal, but were important to survival and society building, and later as part of population stabilization.

The Relationship between the Second-to-Fourth Digit Ratio and Behavioral Sexual Dimorphism in School-Aged Children.

PubMed

Mitsui, Takahiko; Araki, Atsuko; Miyashita, Chihiro; Ito, Sachiko; Ikeno, Tamiko; Sasaki, Seiko; Kitta, Takeya; Moriya, Kimihiko; Cho, Kazutoshi; Morioka, Keita; Kishi, Reiko; Shinohara, Nobuo; Takeda, Masayuki; Nonomura, Katsuya

2016-01-01

Sexually dimorphic brain development and behavior are known to be influenced by sex hormones exposure in prenatal periods. On the other hand, second-to forth digit ratio (2D/4D) has been used as an indirect method to investigate the putative effects of prenatal exposure to androgen. In the present study, we herein investigated the relationship between gender-role play behavior and the second-to-fourth digit ratio (2D/4D), which has been used as an indirect method to investigate the putative effects of prenatal exposure to androgens, in school-aged children. Among 4981 children who became 8 years old by November 2014 and were contactable for this survey by The Hokkaido Study of Environment and Children's Health, 1631 (32.7%), who had data for 2D/4D and Pre-school Activities Inventory (PSAI) as well as data for the survey at baseline, were available for analysis. Parents sent reports of PSAI on the sex-typical characteristics, preferred toys, and play activities of children, and black and white photocopies of the left and right hand palms via mail. PSAI consisted of 12 masculine items and 12 feminine items, and a composite score was created by subtracting the feminine score from the masculine score, with higher scores representing masculine-typical behavior. While composite scores in PSAI were significantly higher in boys than in girls, 2D/4D was significantly lower in boys than in girls. Although the presence or absence of brothers or sisters affected the composite, masculine, and feminine scored of PSAI, a multivariate regression model revealed that 2D/4D negatively correlated with the composite scores of PSAI in boys, whereas no correlation was found in girls. Although 2D/4D negatively correlated with the masculine score in boys and girls, no correlation was observed between 2D/4D and the feminine score. In conclusion, although social factors, such as the existence of brother or sisters, affect dimorphic brain development and behavior in childhood, the present study revealed that the prenatal hormonal environment was an important factor influencing masculine-typical dimorphic brain development and behavior in school-aged children.

Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and noncompaction in Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy due to the variant m.3460G>A.

PubMed

Finsterer, Josef; Stollberger, Claudia; Gatterer, Edmund

2018-05-01

This report describes a 66-year-old Caucasian male who acutely developed severe, bilateral impairment of visual acuity at 24 years of age. Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) was suspected but the diagnosis was not genetically confirmed until the age of 49 years when the primary LHON mutation m.3460G>A was detected. Since onset, visual acuity had slightly improved. The family history was positive for LHON (brother, two sisters of mother, female cousin) and genetically confirmed in his brother and one aunt. Since the age of 65 years, he had experienced recurrent vertigo. His cardiological history was positive for arterial hypertension, noncompaction, myocardial thickening, intermittent right bundle-branch-block (RBBB) and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. In addition to LHON, he presented with polyneuropathy, hyperCKaemia, carotid artery occlusion, and a history of stroke. Cardiological investigations at 66 years of age revealed mildly reduced systolic function, enlarged atria, and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. He underwent an electrophysiological investigation, but radiofrequency ablation was ruled out due to a 'bizarre' cardiac conduction system. Instead, an implantable cardioverter defibrillator was proposed but refused by the patient. Since the vertigo did not resolve it was attributed to polyneuropathy. This case demonstrates that LHON may be associated with noncompaction, myocardial thickening, reduced systolic function, enlarged atria, RBBB, WPW syndrome and nonsustained ventricular tachycardias. WPW syndrome in LHON may require invasive antiarrhythmic treatment.

Support across two generations: children's closeness to grandparents following parental divorce and remarriage.

PubMed

Lussier, Gretchen; Deater-Deckard, Kirby; Dunn, Judy; Davies, Lisa

2002-09-01

There has been relatively little research on the role of grandparents as a source of support for children during and following their parents' marital transitions. In this study, we examined children's contact with and closeness to grandparents in different family types (i.e., two biological parents, single mother, stepparent). Participants included 155 children from the Avon Brothers and Sisters Study. Parent and child interviews and questionnaires regarding the children's relationships with maternal and paternal biological and stepgrandparents were examined. There were family type differences in rates of contact with grandparents as well as children's closeness to grandparents. Furthermore, children's and parents' view about these relationships with grandparents were modestly correlated, suggesting that children often held different views about their closeness to their grandparents than did their parents. Greater closeness to grandparents was associated with fewer adjustment problems.

Siblings, parents, and partners: family relationships within a longitudinal community study. ALSPAC study team. Avon Longitudinal Study of Pregnancy and Childhood.

PubMed

Dunn, J; Deater-Deckard, K; Pickering, K; Golding, J

1999-10-01

Links between sibling relationships, mother-partner, and parent-child relationships were studied in a longitudinal community sample of 3681 sibling pairs. Individual differences in sibling relationship quality were related to mother-partner affection and hostility assessed 4 years earlier, to contemporary parent-child negativity, and to indices of social adversity. Evidence for both direct and indirect pathways (via parent-child relations) linking mother-partner and sibling relations were found. Comparisons of prediction for non-stepfamilies and stepfather families showed similarities in patterns of association, but also differences: In stepfather families, mother-partner hostility was unrelated to parent-child negativity and sibling relationship quality. Both positivity and negativity towards young siblings decreased with the age of older siblings, and older sisters were more positive than older brothers.

The Role of Economic Strain on Adolescent Delinquency: A Microsocial Process Model

PubMed Central

Low, Sabina; Sinclair, Ryan; Shortt, Joann Wu

2013-01-01

The current study examines the role of economic strain as a moderator of the microsocial processes influencing younger siblings’ delinquency (externalizing behavior and substance use) in a longitudinal design. The younger siblings (122 younger brothers and 122 younger sisters) were from 244 families with same-sex biological siblings. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine a process model whereby mothers’ harsh/inconsistent parenting and older sibling delinquency influence younger siblings’ delinquent behavior via sibling aggression and delinquent peer affiliation. Findings suggest that indirect mechanisms vary as a function of economic strain, with sibling aggression having a stronger, more detrimental effect on adolescent delinquency in economically strained families. Data suggest that familial economic conditions contextualize the relative roles of parenting, sibling, and peer processes in the transmission of risk to adolescent delinquency. PMID:22709262

The Next Big Thing We Won't Be Able to Live Without? Fulbright's Half-Life Theory Gives Us Some Ideas

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fulbright, Ron

2015-01-01

My great-grandparents lived one-half of their lives without electricity. My grandparents lived one-half of their lives without a telephone. My parents lived one-half of their lives without a television. My sister has lived one-half of her life without a computer and I have lived one-half of my life without Google. Today, we could not imagine life…

Did She Jump Because She Was the Big Sister or Because the Trampoline Was Safe? Causal Inference and the Development of Social Attribution

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Seiver, Elizabeth; Gopnik, Alison; Goodman, Noah D.

2013-01-01

Children rely on both evidence and prior knowledge to make physical causal inferences; this study explores whether they make attributions about others' behavior in the same manner. A total of one hundred and fifty-nine 4- and 6-year-olds saw 2 dolls interacting with 2 activities, and explained the dolls' actions. In the person condition, each doll…

Ocean regional circulation model sensitizes to resolution of the lateral boundary conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pham, Van Sy; Hwang, Jin Hwan

2017-04-01

Dynamical downscaling with nested regional oceanographic models is an effective approach for forecasting operationally coastal weather and projecting long term climate on the ocean. Nesting procedures deliver the unwanted in dynamic downscaling due to the differences of numerical grid sizes and updating steps. Therefore, such unavoidable errors restrict the application of the Ocean Regional Circulation Model (ORCMs) in both short-term forecasts and long-term projections. The current work identifies the effects of errors induced by computational limitations during nesting procedures on the downscaled results of the ORCMs. The errors are quantitatively evaluated for each error source and its characteristics by the Big-Brother Experiments (BBE). The BBE separates identified errors from each other and quantitatively assess the amount of uncertainties employing the same model to simulate for both nesting and nested model. Here, we focus on discussing errors resulting from two main matters associated with nesting procedures. They should be the spatial grids' differences and the temporal updating steps. After the diverse cases from separately running of the BBE, a Taylor diagram was adopted to analyze the results and suggest an optimization intern of grid size and updating period and domain sizes. Key words: lateral boundary condition, error, ocean regional circulation model, Big-Brother Experiment. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries entitled "Development of integrated estuarine management system" and a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant (No. 2015R1A5A 7037372) funded by MSIP of Korea. The authors thank the Integrated Research Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering of Seoul National University for administrative support.

Birth order and sibship composition as predictors of overweight or obesity among low-income 4- to 8-year-old children.

PubMed

Mosli, R H; Miller, A L; Peterson, K E; Kaciroti, N; Rosenblum, K; Baylin, A; Lumeng, J C

2016-02-01

This study aimed to examine the association of birth order and number and sex of siblings with overweight or obesity among 4- to 8-year-olds. This is a cross-sectional study involving 273 low-income mother-child dyads. Questionnaires and anthropometry were completed. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of birth order, having younger siblings, having older siblings, having at least one brother and having at least one sister with odds of overweight or obesity. Analyses were repeated to additionally include non-biological siblings. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and intermediate variables. Prevalence of child overweight or obesity was 42.5%. Adjusting for covariates, only children and youngest siblings had higher odds of overweight or obesity compared with oldest siblings (odds ratio [OR]: 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 10.46 and OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.41, 7.33, respectively). Having one or more younger siblings and having at least one brother were associated with lower odds (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.69 and OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.81, respectively). Including non-biological siblings did not meaningfully change the associations. Birth order and sibship composition are associated with overweight or obesity among 4- to 8-year-olds. Future studies identifying the underlying behavioural mechanism can help inform family-based intervention programmes. © 2015 World Obesity.

Familial support as perceived by adult victims of childhood sexual abuse.

PubMed

Stroud, D D

1999-04-01

With the increasing popularity of family therapies in cases of childhood sexual abuse (CSA), many studies have discussed the importance of familial support in the successful recovery of victims. Therefore, a systematic study exploring family support of victims was undertaken to shed light on the level of family support perceived by adult victims of CSA. It was anticipated that victims of intrafamilial CSA would report more family dissatisfaction and perceive less family support than extrafamilial victims. As hypothesized, intrafamilial victims reported significantly more general family dissatisfaction and specifically, perceived significantly less father, parent, and brother support. Additionally, the gender of the victim played a significant role: Male victims reported less father, parent and sister support and less family protectiveness after disclosure when compared to female victims. Based on the results, clinicians should be aware that issues of gender and relatedness may play a significant part in the effectiveness of their CSA clients' family support systems.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, I.C.; Ko, S.F.; Shieh, C.S.

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (EDS) includes a group of connective tissue disorders with abnormal collagen metabolism and a diverse clinical spectrum. We report two siblings with EDS who both presented with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH). The elder sister suffered from recurrent diaphragmatic hernia twice and EDS was overlooked initially. Echocardiography as well as contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) showed dilatation of the pulmonary artery, and marked elongation and tortuosity of the aorta and its branches. A diagnosis of EDS was eventually established when these findings were coupled with the clinical features of hyperelastic skin. Her younger brother also had similar features. Thismore » report emphasizes that EDS may present as CDH in a small child which could easily be overlooked. Without appropriate surgery, diaphragmatic hernia might occur. Echocardiographic screening is recommended in patients with CDH. Contrast-enhanced MRA can be helpful in delineation of abnormally tortuous aortic great vessels that are an important clue to the early diagnosis of EDS.« less

Siblings and the Coming-Out Process: A Comparative Case Study.

PubMed

Haxhe, Stephanie; Cerezo, Alison; Bergfeld, Jeannette; Walloch, Joseph C

2018-01-01

Siblings play a key, supportive role in the lives of many lesbian and gay adults. Yet siblings are rarely considered in the literature regarding the coming-out process (D'Augelli et al., 1998; Hilton & Szymanski, 2011; LaSala, 2010; Savin-Williams & Dubé, 1998). To fill this gap in the research literature, we carried out a comparative case study in the country of Belgium between two sets of siblings-three Romani brothers with one sibling identifying as a gay male and three White sisters with one sibling identifying as a lesbian. These two cases were pulled from a larger qualitative study (Haxhe & D'Amore, 2014) of 102 native French-speaking Belgian participants. Findings of the present study revealed that siblings offered critical socio-emotional support in the coming out of their lesbian and gay sibling, particularly with disclosing to parents and with fostering self-acceptance.

Adolescent Sibling Relationships in Mexican American Families: Exploring the Role of Familism

PubMed Central

Updegraff, Kimberly A.; McHale, Susan M.; Whiteman, Shawn D.; Thayer, Shawna M.; Delgado, Melissa Y.

2008-01-01

To address a significant gap in the literature on normative processes in minority families, the authors studied adolescents’ sibling relationships in two-parent Mexican American families and explored connections between sibling relationship characteristics and familism. Participants were 246 adolescent Mexican American sibling pairs who participated in (a) home interviews during which adolescents described their sibling relationships and familism values and (b) a series of 7 nightly phone calls during which adolescents reported their daily activities, including time spent with siblings and family members. Siblings described their relationships as both intimate and conflictual, and daily activity data revealed that they spent an average of 17.2 hr per 7 days in shared activities. Sibling relationship qualities were linked to familism values and practices, and stronger patterns of association emerged for sisters than brothers. Discussion highlights the significance of studying the processes that underlie within-group variations among families of different cultural backgrounds. PMID:16402866

The role of economic strain on adolescent delinquency: a microsocial process model.

PubMed

Low, Sabina; Sinclair, Ryan; Shortt, Joann Wu

2012-08-01

The current study examines the role of economic strain as a moderator of the microsocial processes influencing younger siblings' delinquency (externalizing behavior and substance use) in a longitudinal design. The younger siblings (122 younger brothers and 122 younger sisters) were from 244 families with same-sex biological siblings. Structural equation modeling was utilized to examine a process model whereby mothers' harsh/inconsistent parenting and older sibling delinquency influence younger siblings' delinquent behavior via sibling aggression and delinquent peer affiliation. Findings suggest that indirect mechanisms vary as a function of economic strain, with sibling aggression having a stronger, more detrimental effect on adolescent delinquency in economically strained families. Data suggest that familial economic conditions contextualize the relative roles of parenting, sibling, and peer processes in the transmission of risk to adolescent delinquency. PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved.

Genetic and environmental variance in content dimensions of the MMPI.

PubMed

Rose, R J

1988-08-01

To evaluate genetic and environmental variance in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), I studied nine factor scales identified in the first item factor analysis of normal adult MMPIs in a sample of 820 adolescent and young adult co-twins. Conventional twin comparisons documented heritable variance in six of the nine MMPI factors (Neuroticism, Psychoticism, Extraversion, Somatic Complaints, Inadequacy, and Cynicism), whereas significant influence from shared environmental experience was found for four factors (Masculinity versus Femininity, Extraversion, Religious Orthodoxy, and Intellectual Interests). Genetic variance in the nine factors was more evident in results from twin sisters than those of twin brothers, and a developmental-genetic analysis, using hierarchical multiple regressions of double-entry matrixes of the twins' raw data, revealed that in four MMPI factor scales, genetic effects were significantly modulated by age or gender or their interaction during the developmental period from early adolescence to early adulthood.

Co-residence patterns in hunter-gatherer societies show unique human social structure.

PubMed

Hill, Kim R; Walker, Robert S; Bozicević, Miran; Eder, James; Headland, Thomas; Hewlett, Barry; Hurtado, A Magdalena; Marlowe, Frank; Wiessner, Polly; Wood, Brian

2011-03-11

Contemporary humans exhibit spectacular biological success derived from cumulative culture and cooperation. The origins of these traits may be related to our ancestral group structure. Because humans lived as foragers for 95% of our species' history, we analyzed co-residence patterns among 32 present-day foraging societies (total n = 5067 individuals, mean experienced band size = 28.2 adults). We found that hunter-gatherers display a unique social structure where (i) either sex may disperse or remain in their natal group, (ii) adult brothers and sisters often co-reside, and (iii) most individuals in residential groups are genetically unrelated. These patterns produce large interaction networks of unrelated adults and suggest that inclusive fitness cannot explain extensive cooperation in hunter-gatherer bands. However, large social networks may help to explain why humans evolved capacities for social learning that resulted in cumulative culture.

Siblings of individuals with first-episode psychosis: understanding their experiences and needs.

PubMed

Sin, Jacqueline; Moone, Nicki; Harris, Paul

2008-06-01

The growth of early intervention in psychosis services (EIPS) has prompted needed research to provide a robust evidence base to underpin practice. The typical service model embraces key psychosocial interventions, including family interventions. A literature review revealed a number of relevant studies that recognized the role of siblings in families affected by severe mental illness or mental impairment, but little was found about the impact of first-episode psychosis on siblings. To address this apparent oversight, we conducted a study to gain an understanding of sibling experiences. Ten siblings (ages 16 to 30) with a brother or sister diagnosed with first-episode psychosis took part in individual semi-structured interviews. The key findings were grouped in regard to emotional impact, relationships in the family, and siblings' roles and coping patterns. The study also revealed that families are able to identify positive gains out of a fundamentally negative experience.

Celiac disease in siblings with Pearson syndrome.

PubMed

Köklü, Seyfettin; Alioğlu, Bülent; Akbal, Erdem; Koçak, Erdem

2010-04-01

Pearson syndrome (PS) is a rare mitochondrial disorder characterized by sideroblastic anemia and exocrine pancreas deficiency as a result of mitochondrial DNA deletion or deletion-duplication. A 21-year-old woman and 11-year-old brother who had been diagnosed as PS at the age of 18 and 8, respectively, were admitted to our hospital with the complaints of chronic diarrhea while using exogenous pancreas enzymes. Diarrhea was present in both for a long time and attributed to existing PS. Endoscopic and laboratory examinations revealed celiac disease (CD). After gluten-free diet, their symptoms were resolved. Detailed family investigation revealed that parents and the sister of the siblings were free of both PS and CD. To our knowledge, there has been no previous report of the presence of these 2 disorders, PS and CD, in the same patient. CD should be screened and treated appropriately in cases with PS.

[Severe Mast Cell Activation Syndrome in a 15-year-old patient with an hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome].

PubMed

Daens, S; Grossin, D; Hermanns-Lê, T; Peeters, D; Manicourt, D

2018-02-01

We report the history of a 15-year old patient with a hypermobile Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (hEDS) (his mother, his two brothers and his sister have the same phenotype as him). He suffers mainly from a severe mast cell activation syndrome (MCAS) with an overreaction of the skin to any kind of contact (water of the shower, clothes, bed sheets) but he has also fatigue, headaches, and rash. This impressive rash is exacerbated after the shower and he has the urge to rest («shower's sign»). We describe the MCAS and its easy, fast and very effective medication management, without any significant side effects as well as its frequent association with the hEDS. We finally introduce the original term of «MASED» to this MCAS, associated, linked or entangled to hEDS.

[Cerebral and ocular abnormalities with anterior pituitary insufficiency of familial nature].

PubMed

Weill, J; Boudailliez, B; Piussan, C; Ponte, C

1985-01-01

Three families presenting one or several cases of brain or ophthalmic abnormalities and an hypopituitarism at least by one of the members have been observed. In the first family, the mother and one of her sons present bilateral choroidoretineal coloboma with amblyopia; one of these two suffers as well from panhypopituitarism. In the second family two premature twins, a brother and his sister, present a syndrome with hypophyseal dwarfism and ophthalmic abnormalities, consisting in the boy's case in an peripapillary depigmentation with no visible sight trouble whereas girl's is showing an extreme microphthalmia with major mental retardation. In the third family two 2nd degree cousins present a panhypopituitarism but only one of the two reveals through neuroradiological investigations corpus callosum and septum lucidum agenesia. The karyotype is normal in all the cases. An hereditary mechanism appears clearly in the first family. It is possible in the second, probable in the third one.

Sibling relationships in individuals with Angelman syndrome: a comparative study.

PubMed

Love, Victoria; Richters, Lotte; Didden, Robert; Korzilius, Hubert; Machalicek, Wendy

2012-01-01

Investigating the impact of Angelman syndrome on the sibling relationship. This study explored differences in sibling relationships between children with a typically-developing sibling (n = 55) and children with a sibling with Angelman syndrome (n = 44). Sibling relationships were compared on four factors and 16 sub-scales of the Sibling Relationship Questionnaire-Revised. Results showed significant differences in mean scores on each of the four factors (i.e. Warmth/Closeness, Conflict, Rivalry and Dominance/Nurturance) and most of the sub-scales. ANCOVAs showed that demographic variables (number of siblings, living in a two-parent vs single parent household, gender, participant's age, place of residence) did not influence significant differences in sibling relationships between the two groups. Having a brother or sister with Angelman syndrome may influence the way in which the sibling perceives the sibling relationship. This may have important implications for family-centred intervention for this population.

Identification and characterization of cuticular hydrocarbons from a rapid species radiation of Hawaiian swordtailed crickets (Gryllidae: Trigonidiinae: Laupala).

PubMed

Mullen, Sean P; Millar, Jocelyn G; Schal, Coby; Shaw, Kerry L

2008-02-01

A previous investigation of cuticular hydrocarbon variation among Hawaiian swordtail crickets (genus Laupala) revealed that these species differ dramatically in composition of cuticular lipids. Cuticular lipid extracts of Laupala species sampled from the Big Island of Hawaii also possess a greatly reduced number of chemicals (as evidenced by number of gas chromatography peaks) relative to ancestral taxa sampled from the geologically older island of Maui. One possible explanation for this biogeographic pattern is that reduction in chemical diversity observed among the Big Island taxa represents the loss of ancestral hydrocarbons found on Maui. To test this hypothesis, we characterized and identified the structures of cuticular hydrocarbons for seven species of Hawaiian Laupala, two from Maui (ancestral) and five from the Big Island of Hawaii (derived) by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Big Island Laupala possessed a reduced number of alkenes as well as a reduction in the diversity of methyl-branch positions relative to species sampled from Maui (ancestral), thus supporting our hypothesis of a founder-induced loss of chemical diversity. The reduction in diversity of ancestral hydrocarbons was more severe within one of the two sister lineages on the Big Island, suggesting that post-colonizing processes, such as drift or selection, also have influenced hydrocarbon evolution in this group.

Who children spend time with after school: associations with objectively recorded indoor and outdoor physical activity.

PubMed

Pearce, Matthew; Page, Angie S; Griffin, Tom P; Cooper, Ashley R

2014-03-30

Understanding how the determinants of behaviour vary by context may support the design of interventions aiming to increase physical activity. Such factors include independent mobility, time outdoors and the availability of other children. At present little is known about who children spend their time with after school, how this relates to time spent indoors or outdoors and activity in these locations. This study aimed to quantify who children spend their time with when indoors or outdoors and associations with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Participants were 427 children aged 10-11 from Bristol, UK. Physical activity was recorded using an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) and matched to Global Positioning System receiver (Garmin Foretrex 201) data to differentiate indoor and outdoor location. Children self-reported who they spent time with after school until bed-time using a diary. Each 10 second epoch was coded as indoors or outdoors and for 'who with' (alone, friend, brother/sister, mum/dad, other grown-up) creating 10 possible physical activity contexts. Time spent and MVPA were summarised for each context. Associations between time spent in the different contexts and MVPA were examined using multiple linear regression adjusting for daylight, age, deprivation and standardised body mass index. During the after school period, children were most often with their mum/dad or alone, especially when indoors. When outdoors more time was spent with friends (girls: 32.1%; boys: 28.6%) than other people or alone. Regression analyses suggested hours outdoors with friends were positively associated with minutes of MVPA for girls (beta-coefficient [95% CI]: 17.4 [4.47, 30.24]) and boys (17.53 [2.76, 32.31]). Being outdoors with brother/sister was associated with MVPA for girls (21.2 [14.17, 28.25]) but not boys. Weaker associations were observed for time indoors with friends (girls: 4.61 [1.37, 7.85]; boys: (7.42 [2.99, 11.85]) and other adults (girls: 5.33 [2.95, 7.71]; boys: (4.44 [1.98, 6.90]). Time spent alone was not associated with MVPA regardless of gender or indoor/outdoor location. Time spent outdoors with other children is an important source of MVPA after school. Interventions to increase physical activity may benefit from fostering friendship groups and limiting the time children spend alone.

Who children spend time with after school: associations with objectively recorded indoor and outdoor physical activity

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background Understanding how the determinants of behaviour vary by context may support the design of interventions aiming to increase physical activity. Such factors include independent mobility, time outdoors and the availability of other children. At present little is known about who children spend their time with after school, how this relates to time spent indoors or outdoors and activity in these locations. This study aimed to quantify who children spend their time with when indoors or outdoors and associations with moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Methods Participants were 427 children aged 10–11 from Bristol, UK. Physical activity was recorded using an accelerometer (Actigraph GT1M) and matched to Global Positioning System receiver (Garmin Foretrex 201) data to differentiate indoor and outdoor location. Children self-reported who they spent time with after school until bed-time using a diary. Each 10 second epoch was coded as indoors or outdoors and for ‘who with’ (alone, friend, brother/sister, mum/dad, other grown-up) creating 10 possible physical activity contexts. Time spent and MVPA were summarised for each context. Associations between time spent in the different contexts and MVPA were examined using multiple linear regression adjusting for daylight, age, deprivation and standardised body mass index. Results During the after school period, children were most often with their mum/dad or alone, especially when indoors. When outdoors more time was spent with friends (girls: 32.1%; boys: 28.6%) than other people or alone. Regression analyses suggested hours outdoors with friends were positively associated with minutes of MVPA for girls (beta-coefficient [95% CI]: 17.4 [4.47, 30.24]) and boys (17.53 [2.76, 32.31]). Being outdoors with brother/sister was associated with MVPA for girls (21.2 [14.17, 28.25]) but not boys. Weaker associations were observed for time indoors with friends (girls: 4.61 [1.37, 7.85]; boys: (7.42 [2.99, 11.85]) and other adults (girls: 5.33 [2.95, 7.71]; boys: (4.44 [1.98, 6.90]). Time spent alone was not associated with MVPA regardless of gender or indoor/outdoor location. Conclusions Time spent outdoors with other children is an important source of MVPA after school. Interventions to increase physical activity may benefit from fostering friendship groups and limiting the time children spend alone. PMID:24679149

Family planning education helps build self-esteem.

PubMed

Choudhary, P

1993-10-01

I got married at the age of 20. In our community, generally girls are married off at 15 or 16, but my marriage was delayed according to my father's and my wishes. I did not desire to have my first child immediately. My husband and I are very young and I did not want to assume maternal responsibilities so early in life. Picking up courage, I spoke to my husband. On learning that he had similar views, I was very relieved. I belong to a middle-class family. Due to an absence of a high school in the village. I was forced to drop out of school. Young girls in our community are not allowed to move freely within the village, much less the outside world. But when I was 19, I got the opportunity to gain a lot of information on family planning, health, personal hygiene and good nutrition as part of the Better Life Project. I also learned beauty skills, embroidery, knitting and video film-making. Often I share the information and skills I learned with others. I have even advised my brother's wives about proper child care and immunization. Now that I have a good relationship with the unmarried sister of my husband, I sometimes tell her whatever I have learned. I have felt a great change in myself. My earlier inhibitions in talking to people have dropped, and I can entertain and speak freely with guests who come home. I am more confident about traveling outside my village to other places alone or with company. Learning to operate a video camera and producing a film was my favorite experience. I discovered that I can do what is normally said to be the work of boys only. Sometimes I think that if I had not learned new skills, I would not have been able to share my feelings about family planning with my husband. My mother-in-law is also agreeable to our decision about waiting to have children because both my brothers-in-law have large families. However, I have to face my sisters-in-law who taunt me about my childless status. The problem now is that my husband is not satisfied using condoms. I have decided to consult the doctor at the mobile clinic about taking pills or other methods of contraception. full text

Birth order and sibship composition as predictors of overweight or obesity among low-income 4- to 8-year-old children

PubMed Central

Mosli, R. H.; Miller, A. L.; Peterson, K. E.; Kaciroti, N.; Rosenblum, K.; Baylin, A.; Lumeng, J. C.

2015-01-01

Summary Objective This study aimed to examine the association of birth order and number and sex of siblings with overweight or obesity among 4- to 8-year-olds. Methods This is a cross-sectional study involving 273 low-income mother–child dyads. Questionnaires and anthropometry were completed. Multiple logistic regression was used to examine the association of birth order, having younger siblings, having older siblings, having at least one brother and having at least one sister with odds of overweight or obesity. Analyses were repeated to additionally include non-biological siblings. Models were adjusted for potential confounders and intermediate variables. Results Prevalence of child overweight or obesity was 42.5%. Adjusting for covariates, only children and youngest siblings had higher odds of overweight or obesity compared with oldest siblings (odds ratio [OR]: 4.18, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.67, 10.46 and OR: 3.21, 95% CI: 1.41, 7.33, respectively). Having one or more younger siblings and having at least one brother were associated with lower odds (OR: 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21, 0.69 and OR: 0.47, 95% CI: 0.28, 0.81, respectively). Including non-biological siblings did not meaningfully change the associations. Conclusion Birth order and sibship composition are associated with overweight or obesity among 4- to 8-year-olds. Future studies identifying the underlying behavioural mechanism can help inform family-based intervention programmes. Keywords: Birth order, odds of overweight or obesity, sibship composition. PMID:25735955

The effects of siblings on the migration of women in two rural areas of Belgium and the Netherlands, 1829-1940.

PubMed

Bras, Hilde; Neven, Muriel

2007-03-01

This study explores the extent to which the presence and activities of siblings shaped the chances of women migrating to rural and urban areas in two rural areas of Belgium and the Netherlands during the second half of the nineteenth and first decades of the twentieth century. Shared-frailty Cox proportional hazard analyses of longitudinal data from historical population registers show that siblings exerted an additive impact on women's migration, independently of temporal and household characteristics. Just how siblings influenced women's migration depended on regional modes of production and on employment opportunities. In the Zeeland region, sisters channelled each other into service positions. In the Pays de Herve, where men and women found industrial work in the Walloon cities, women were as much influenced by their brothers' activities. Evidence is found for two mechanisms explaining the effects of siblings: micro-economic notions of joint-household decision-making and social capital theory.

Risk of aggression and criminal behaviour among adolescents living in Alexandria Governorate, Egypt.

PubMed

Wahdan, I; El-Nimr, N; Kotb, R; Wahdan, A

2014-05-01

Adolescent risk-taking and aggressive behaviours are among the most visible forms of violence in society. A study was carried out to identify the prevalence and risk factors for aggression, violence and criminal behaviour among adolescents in Alexandria, Egypt. Using multistage, cluster sampling of families from all health districts in Alexandria, the mothers of 783 adolescents aged 11-19 years answered an Arabic version of the Mentor Research Institute screening questionnaire. Overall 26.9% of adolescents were assessed to be at high risk and 20.2% at extremely high risk of aggression and criminal behaviour. Living in urban/slum areas, male sex, low level of parents' education/occupation, exposure to violence within the family and changes in behaviour of any family member were associated with risk of aggression/violence. In multivariate analysis, the significant independent variables were adolescents' sex, presence of behavioural changes in the family, violence against brothers and sisters and substance abuse by any family member.

Productivity loss of caregivers of schizophrenia patients: a cross-sectional survey in Japan.

PubMed

Sruamsiri, Rosarin; Mori, Yasuhiro; Mahlich, Jörg

2018-04-27

When a family member is diagnosed with schizophrenia, it causes stress to the caregiver that can eventually result in missed work days and lower work performance. This study aims at revealing productivity costs for caregivers of schizophrenia patients in Japan. A cross-sectional survey of caregivers was conducted and resulted in 171 respondents. The assessment of work productivity included calculating the costs of absenteeism, presenteeism and total productivity costs. This was accomplished using the "Work Productivity and Activity Impairment Questionnaire" (WPAI). A relative majority of caregivers in the sample provided care for their spouse (47%), 18% cared for their brother or sister and 16% provided care for their child. Per capita productivity costs totaled JPY 2.42 million, with JPY 2.36 million (97%) of that amount being due to presenteeism. The burden on caregivers is substantial enough to warrant structured support programs aimed at maintaining careers' physical and mental health, helping them provide more effective care to schizophrenia patients and eventually increase productivity at work.

Does Witnessing Animal Cruelty and Being Abused During Childhood Predict the Initial Age and Recurrence of Committing Childhood Animal Cruelty?

PubMed

Browne, John A; Hensley, Christopher; McGuffee, Karen M

2017-12-01

The goal of the current study was to examine the association between demographic characteristics and childhood experiences on the respondents' age of committing childhood animal cruelty and its recurrency. Using data collected from 257 male inmates at a Southern medium-security state prison, the current study seeks to replicate a study by Hensley, Tallichet, and Dutkiewicz. Results revealed that those respondents who were physically abused as children reported engaging in recurrent animal cruelty. The younger the age of respondent for first witnessing animal cruelty, the sooner his initiation to hurting and killing animals occurred. In addition, those who reported witnessing a parent commit acts of animal abuse reported that they committed animal abuse themselves at an older age, while those who witnessed a brother/sister commit animal abuse reported engaging in it at an earlier age. Therefore, physical abuse and witnessing primary socializers engage in animal abuse seem to be important in understanding the respondents' age of onset and repeated childhood animal cruelty.

[Study on the mode of inheritance for familial polycystic ovary syndrome].

PubMed

Mao, W; Li, M; Chen, Y; Lu, C; Wang, Y; Zhang, X; Qiao, J; Wang, A

2001-02-01

To investigate the mode of inheritance of polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS). The first female relatives with irregular cycle and the first male relatives with premature balding in each nuclear family were designated the affected. Their prevalence rates in families were respectively calculated. Analyses of segregation ratio were carried out among 139 nuclear families with PCOS by the methods of simple segregation and complex segregation of genetic epidemiology, respectively. The prevalence rates of irregular cycle among mothers and sisters with PCOS were 37.4% and 33.1% respectively, and the prevalence rates of premature balding among fathers and brothers of patients were 19.4% and 6.5%, respectively. The simple segregation analysis indicated that the segregation ratio of PCOS trait in siblings was 0.3023, the complex segregation analysis indicated that it fitted in with the inheritance model of co-dominant disorder with full penetrance and sporadic cases. The frequency of homozygote of disease gene in population was 0.046. PCOS presents the mode of co-dominant inheritance with complete penetrance.

Outbreak of Tinea capitis and corporis in a primary school in Antananarivo, Madagascar.

PubMed

Carod, Jean-François; Ratsitorahina, Mahery; Raherimandimby, Hasina; Hincky Vitrat, Virginie; Ravaolimalala Andrianaja, Vololomboahangy; Contet-Audonneau, Nelly

2011-10-13

Tinea capitis is common among schoolchildren in developing countries but underreported in Madagascar. We report the occurrence of an outbreak of gray patch tinea capitis due to Microsporum langeronii in a public primary school of Antananarivo, the capital city of Madagascar. Forty-two children were included, 27 (64%) of them presenting with tinea capitis and 32 (76%) with Tinea corporis. Patients were treated with griseofulvin 500 mg and Povidone-iodine 4% and followed up for four weeks. Twenty-five (93%) of the 27 children with tinea capitis presented a gray patch as the main clinical feature. All these cases were fluorescent under Wood's UV light and positive in cultures for M. langeronii. All 27 children reported a contact with infected classmates, and 19 (70%) reported to have infected brothers and sisters at home. After four weeks of treatment, all patients recovered. Appropriate treatment and improved hygienic practices reduced the occurrence of tinea in the studied school and no more cases of tinea capitis or corporis occurred after the outbreak.

Projective drawings as measures of psychosocial functioning in siblings of pediatric cancer patients from the Camp Okizu study.

PubMed

Packman, Wendy; Mazaheri, Mary; Sporri, Lisa; Long, Janet K; Chesterman, Beth; Fine, Joselyn; Amylon, Michael D

2008-01-01

This research was conducted at a summer camp for siblings of children with cancer. Participants included 77 siblings (ages 6-17 years) and their parents. Before attending camp, 18 of the siblings had experienced the death of their brother or sister with cancer. Projective measures were administered before attending camp and 3 months after camp. These included the Human Figure Drawing (HFD) and the Kinetic Family Drawing-Revised (KFD-R). Siblings were administered both the HFD and KFD-R; parents were given the KFD-R. On the HFD, siblings' emotional distress scores decreased significantly pre- to postcamp. On the KFD-R, nonbereaved siblings and parents showed significant improvement in family environment scores. Bereaved siblings and parents also showed improvement (although nonsignificant). These results support Camp Okizu's effectiveness in increasing siblings' emotional well-being yet underscore the need to implement interventions to address family communication for both bereaved and nonbereaved families.

Self-reported stress among adolescent siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome.

PubMed

Shivers, Carolyn M; McGregor, Casey; Hough, Ashlea

2017-11-01

Despite the prevalence of studies showing increased stress among mothers of individuals with autism spectrum disorders, few studies have examined general stress among typically developing siblings. This study used an online survey to compare the levels of self-reported stress between adolescent siblings of individuals with autism spectrum disorder and Down syndrome. Sibling of individuals with autism reported significantly more overall stress than did siblings of individuals with Down syndrome, as well as more stress specifically attributed to the brother/sister with autism. The two groups did not differ on perceived social support from family and friends. In linear regression models, the disability group (autism vs Down syndrome) was significantly related to sibling stress above and beyond target child behavior problems, perceived social support, and demographic factors. These results help shed light on the daily experiences of adolescent siblings of individuals with autism and call for more research into potential interventions to address increased stress levels.

Hair whorl direction and sexual orientation in human males.

PubMed

Rahman, Qazi; Clarke, Kenneth; Morera, Tirma

2009-04-01

Hair whorl direction is a somatic feature that is organized early during neurodevelopment and unlikely to be influenced by social factors. This study aimed to replicate a widely reported association by A. J. S. Klar (2003) between counterclockwise hair whorl direction and homosexuality in men, using more objective methodology. The authors took digital photographs of parietal surface hair whorls from 100 heterosexual men and 100 homosexual men who were predominantly right-handed. These images were rated for clockwise and counterclockwise direction (for which no more than 1 hair whorl was present) by 2 raters unaware of sexual orientation. The authors found no significant difference between heterosexual and homosexual men in hair whorl direction, but the authors did replicate the fraternal birth order effect (more older brothers for homosexual men). Number of older sisters was positively correlated with counterclockwise hair whorls in heterosexual men. These data were discussed in relation to prenatal factors assumed to play a role in the neurodevelopment of male homosexuality. (c) 2009 APA, all rights reserved.

Understanding sibling influence on adolescents' alcohol use: Social and cognitive pathways.

PubMed

Whiteman, Shawn D; Jensen, Alexander C; Mustillo, Sarah A; Maggs, Jennifer L

2016-02-01

Research indicates that older siblings uniquely influence their younger brothers' and sisters' substance use behaviors during adolescence; however, the underlying mechanisms of socialization are rarely examined. The present study investigated whether social and/or cognitive pathways mediated the association between adolescent siblings' alcohol use and whether these pathways were moderated by the gender composition of the sibling dyad. Participants included one parent and two adolescent siblings (M age=14.52 and 17.17years) from 326 families. Data were collected via telephone interviews. Path analysis demonstrated that the association between older and younger siblings' alcohol use was mediated via social and cognitive pathways. Specifically, older siblings' drinking was positively related to the frequency of siblings' co-use as well as more positive expectations about alcohol, which in turn were positively associated with younger siblings' alcohol use. Identifying the ways in which siblings influence each other's substance use and health is critical because they are emerging and effective targets of intervention and prevention. Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Sounds different: inbreeding depression in sexually selected traits in the cricket Teleogryllus commodus.

PubMed

Drayton, J M; Hunt, J; Brooks, R; Jennions, M D

2007-05-01

If male sexual signalling is honest because it captures genetic variation in condition then traits that are important mate choice cues should be disproportionately affected by inbreeding relative to other traits. To test this, we investigated the effect of brother-sister mating on advertisement calling by male field crickets Teleogryllus commodus. We quantified the effect of one generation of inbreeding on nightly calling effort and five finer-scale aspects of call structure that have been shown to influence attractiveness. We also quantified inbreeding depression on six life history traits and one morphological trait. Inbreeding significantly reduced hatching success, nymph survival and adult lifespan but had no detectable effect on hatching rate, developmental rate or adult body mass. The effect of inbreeding on sexually selected traits was equivocal. There was no decline in calling effort (seconds of sound production/night) by inbred males, but there were highly significant changes in three of five finer-scale call parameters. Sexually selected traits clearly vary in their susceptibility to inbreeding depression.

Agents of Reconciliation: Agency-Affirmation Promotes Constructive Tendencies Following Transgressions in Low-Commitment Relationships.

PubMed

SimanTov-Nachlieli, Ilanit; Shnabel, Nurit; Mori-Hoffman, Anael

2017-02-01

Conflicting parties experience threats to both their agency and morality, but the experience of agency-threat exerts more influence on their behavior, leading to relationship-destructive tendencies. Whereas high-commitment relationships facilitate constructive tendencies despite the conflict, we theorized that in low-commitment relationships, affirming the adversary's agency is a prerequisite for facilitating more constructive tendencies. Focusing on sibling conflicts, Study 1 found that when commitment was low (rather than high), agency-affirmation increased participants' constructive tendencies toward their brother/sister compared with a control/no-affirmation condition. A corresponding morality-affirmation did not affect participants' tendencies. Study 2 replicated these results in workplace conflicts and further found that the positive effect of agency-affirmation in low-commitment relationships was mediated by participants' wish to restore their morality. Study 3 induced a conflict between lab participants and manipulated their commitment. Again, in the low- (rather than high-) commitment condition, agency-affirmation increased participants' wish to restore their morality, leading to constructive behavior.

Adopted children and education: the experiences of a specialist CAMHS team.

PubMed

Barratt, Sara

2012-01-01

The education system makes special provision for "looked after children". However, once adopted these children become invisible. Adopted children are often placed in their new families when they are already of school age. School is yet another transition alongside that of home, food, language and social milieu which an adopted child has to manage together the pain of the loss of the biological family and its culture. This article focuses on the importance for CAMHS practitioners to work closely with schools and adoptive parents to help children manage their lives in school. Alongside the difficulties they face in learning, many adopted children need help in managing friendships and in concentrating on what is required of them in school. Adults may be ignorant of the day to day experiences of racism and questions about mothers, fathers, brothers and sisters that can throw an adopted child into confusion. This chapter draws on clinical experience to describe some of the difficulties that arise for parents and children in managing the education system.

Slow cortical potentials in migraine families are associated with psychosocial factors.

PubMed

Gerber, Wolf-Dieter; Stephani, Ulrich; Kirsch, Ellen; Kropp, Peter; Siniatchkin, Michael

2002-04-01

The aim of the study was the determination of the relationships between neurophysiological and psychosocial factors within the pathogenesis of migraine. The contingent negative variation (CNV), parent-child interactions and theirs relationship were investigated in 30 families with a migraine child and 20 healthy families. (1) None of the groups of children, independent of diagnosis, differed according to amplitude or habituation of the CNV. (2) Parents from migraine families exerted significantly more control over migraine children compared with interactions with healthy brothers/sisters. (3) The strong relation between CNV habituation/amplitude and abnormal pattern of parent-child interactions (especially overwhelming dominance and control) was found only for young migraineurs. This relation was not seen in healthy families or for healthy siblings of migraine children. This study provides significant evidence for a strong influence of family interactions on the development and maintenance of neurophysiological abnormalities in the migraineous headache. The role of psychosocial factors in the etiopathogenesis of migraine has to be investigated in further studies in more detail.

A Severe Case of Pigmentary Glaucoma in a Child With a Family History of Pigment Dispersion Syndrome.

PubMed

Aragno, Vittoria; Zeboulon, Pierre; Baudouin, Christophe; Labbé, Antoine

2016-08-01

To report a case of severe pigmentary glaucoma (PG) in a 13-year-old boy of a family affected by pigment dispersion syndrome (PDS). A 13-year-old child was referred to our hospital for severe bilateral glaucoma. A complete ophthalmologic evaluation including refraction, intraocular pressure, central corneal thickness, slit-lamp biomicroscopy, gonioscopy, fundus examination, and ultrasound biomicroscopy was performed. Family members were also examined and a family pedigree was obtained. Ophthalmologic examination revealed a severe bilateral PG with Krukenberg spindle and a widely open heavily pigmented iridocorneal angle. Ultrasound biomicroscopy showed a deep anterior chamber with pronounced iris concavity in both eyes. Within his family, his 15-year-old sister and 7-year-old brother were both affected by PDS diagnosed on gonioscopy findings. We report for the first time a severe case of pediatric PG with a family history of PDS. This case demonstrates that accurate screening is necessary in cases of familial PDS and PG, even in the pediatric population.

Warfare and reproductive success in a tribal population

PubMed Central

Glowacki, Luke; Wrangham, Richard

2015-01-01

Intergroup conflict is a persistent feature of many human societies yet little is known about why individuals participate when doing so imposes a mortality risk. To evaluate whether participation in warfare is associated with reproductive benefits, we present data on participation in small-scale livestock raids among the Nyangatom, a group of nomadic pastoralists in East Africa. Nyangatom marriages require the exchange of a significant amount of bridewealth in the form of livestock. Raids are usually intended to capture livestock, which raises the question of whether and how these livestock are converted into reproductive opportunities. Over the short term, raiders do not have a greater number of wives or children than nonraiders. However, elders who were identified as prolific raiders in their youth have more wives and children than other elders. Raiders were not more likely to come from families with fewer older maternal sisters or a greater number of older maternal brothers. Our results suggest that in this cultural context raiding provides opportunities for increased reproductive success over the lifetime. PMID:25548190

Statut familial et inégalités face à la scolarisation à Madagascar

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delaunay, Valérie; Gastineau, Bénédicte; Andriamaro, Frédérique

2013-12-01

The impact of family status in Madagascar on inequalities in schooling - In this article, in the context of generalised access to primary education and parity between girls and boys, we analyse data from the Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) 2009 in Madagascar to examine inequalities in schooling related to children's status in the family. The results confirm the protective benefit for children of living with their biological parents. Fostered children are disadvantaged, especially and increasingly so depending on whether they live with an uncle or aunt, with a distant relative or a non-relative. Conversely, children who reside in the home of a brother or sister are not disadvantaged, a result which reflects the role of elder children in family education strategies. Grandparents play a moderately positive role in schooling. The death of the father is an important factor in dropping out. Finally, children whose parent or parents are not household heads are disadvantaged in terms of schooling compared to children of household heads.

Interdisciplinary Full Mouth Rehabilitation of a Patient with Amelogenesis Imperfecta: A Case Report with 8 Years Follow-up

PubMed Central

Sreedevi, S; Sanjeev, R; Ephraim, Rena; Joseph, Mathai

2014-01-01

This case report deals with the interdisciplinary approach of a 28-year-old lady with Amelogenesis imperfecta of the hypoplastic kind. The patient came with a chief illness of worn out teeth, unsatisfactory esthetics and severe sensitivity of teeth. Her family history revealed a related situation in her father’s brother and her sister. On clinical assessment, the crowns of all teeth were worn out. The plan of the treatment was to protect as much tooth structure, restore the vertical dimension, and improve esthetics and masticatory function. The treatment procedures involved prosthodontic, endodontic, and periodontic interventions. After recording the vertical height, endodontic treatment and crown lengthening were performed with respect to the lower anteriors. The lost vertical height was regained in stages by insertion of full coverage crowns for all the teeth. The patient’s esthetic and functional needs were met with systematic and sequential interdisciplinary treatment approach. PMID:25628493

Determination of the extra buffering distance in the one-way nesting procedure for the regional ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hwang, Jin Hwan; Pham, Van Sy

2017-04-01

The Big-Brother Experiment (BBE) evaluates the effect of domain size on the ocean regional circulation model (ORCMs) in the downscaling and nesting from the ocean global circulation (OGCMs). The BBE first establishes a mimic ocean global circulation models (M-OGCMs) data and employs a ORCM to simulate for a highly resolved large domain. This M-OGCM's results were then filtered to remove short scales then used for boundary and initial conditions of the nested ORCMs, which have the same resolution to the M-OGCMs. The various sizes of domain were embedded in the M-OGCMs and the cases were simulated to see the effect of domain size with the extra buffering distance to the results of the ORCMs. The diagnostic variables including temperature, salinity and vorticity of the nested domain are then compared with those of the M-OGCMs before filtering. Differences between them can address the errors associating with the sizes of the domain, which are not attributed unambiguously to models errors or observational errors. The results showed that domain size significantly impacts on the results of ORCMs. As the domain size of the ORCM becomes lager, the distance of the extra space between the area of interest and the updated LBCs increases. So, the results of ORCMs perform more highly correlated with the M-OGCM. But, there are a certain optimal sizes of the OGCMs, which could be larger than nested ORCMs' domain size from 2 to 10 times, depending on the computational costs. Key words: domain size, error, ocean regional circulation model, Big-Brother Experiment. Acknowledgement: This research was supported by grants from the Korean Ministry of Oceans and Fisheries entitled "Development of integrated estuarine management system" and a National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) Grant (No. 2015R1A5A 7037372) funded by MSIP of Korea. The authors thank the Integrated Research Institute of Construction and Environmental Engineering of Seoul National University for administrative support.

My Brother Warren.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forbes, Eric

1987-01-01

The younger brother of a hyperactive, severely learning-disabled 21-year-old recounts his feelings regarding lack of parental attention, jealousy toward his older brother, embarrassment, and finally empathy for his older brother. (CB)