Inflammatory breast cancer in North Africa: Comparison of clinical and molecular epidemiologic characteristics of patients from Egypt, Tunisia, and Morocco

PubMed Central

Soliman, Amr S.; Kleer, Celina G.; Mrad, Karima; Karkouri, Mehdi; Omar, Sherif; Khaled, Hussein M.; Benider, Abdel-Latif; Ayed, Farhat Ben; Eissa, Saad S.; Eissa, Mohab S.; McSpadden, Erin J.; Lo, An-Chi; Toy, Kathy; Kantor, Elizabeth D.; Xiao, Quin; Hampton, Claire; Merajver, Sofia D.

2014-01-01

Understanding molecular characteristics that distinguish inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) from non-IBC is crucial for elucidating breast cancer etiology and management. We included 3 sets of patients from Egypt (48 IBC and 64 non-IBC), Tunisia (24 IBC and 40 non-IBC), and Morocco (42 IBC and 41 non-IBC). Egyptian IBC patients had the highest combined erythema, edema, peau d'orange, and metastasis among the 3 IBC groups. Egyptian IBC tumors had the highest RhoC expression than Tunisians and Moroccan IBCs (87% vs. 50%, vs. 38.1, for the 3 countries, respectively). Tumor emboli were more frequent in Egyptian IBC than non-IBC (Mean ±SD: 14.1 ± 14.0 vs. 7.0 ± 12.9, respectively) (P < 0.001) and Tunisians (Mean ± SD: 3.4 ± 2.5 vs. 1.9 ± 2.0, respectively) (P < 0.01). There was no difference of emboli in Moroccan tumors (1.7 ± 1.2 vs. 1.8 ± 1.2 for IBC and non-IBC, respectively (P = 0.66). This study illustrates that RhoC overexpression and tumor emboli are more frequent in IBC relative to non-IBC from Egypt and Tunisia. Tumors of Moroccans were significantly different from Egyptian and Tunisian tumors for RhoC expression and emboli. Future studies should focus on relating epidemiologic factors and clinical pictures to molecular features of IBC in these and other populations. PMID:23001584

Uncovering the molecular secrets of inflammatory breast cancer biology: an integrated analysis of three distinct affymetrix gene expression datasets.

PubMed

Van Laere, Steven J; Ueno, Naoto T; Finetti, Pascal; Vermeulen, Peter; Lucci, Anthony; Robertson, Fredika M; Marsan, Melike; Iwamoto, Takayuki; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Masuda, Hiroko; van Dam, Peter; Woodward, Wendy A; Viens, Patrice; Cristofanilli, Massimo; Birnbaum, Daniel; Dirix, Luc; Reuben, James M; Bertucci, François

2013-09-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a poorly characterized form of breast cancer. So far, the results of expression profiling in IBC are inconclusive due to various reasons including limited sample size. Here, we present the integration of three Affymetrix expression datasets collected through the World IBC Consortium allowing us to interrogate the molecular profile of IBC using the largest series of IBC samples ever reported. Affymetrix profiles (HGU133-series) from 137 patients with IBC and 252 patients with non-IBC (nIBC) were analyzed using unsupervised and supervised techniques. Samples were classified according to the molecular subtypes using the PAM50-algorithm. Regression models were used to delineate IBC-specific and molecular subtype-independent changes in gene expression, pathway, and transcription factor activation. Four robust IBC-sample clusters were identified, associated with the different molecular subtypes (P<0.001), all of which were identified in IBC with a similar prevalence as in nIBC, except for the luminal A subtype (19% vs. 42%; P<0.001) and the HER2-enriched subtype (22% vs. 9%; P<0.001). Supervised analysis identified and validated an IBC-specific, molecular subtype-independent 79-gene signature, which held independent prognostic value in a series of 871 nIBCs. Functional analysis revealed attenuated TGF-β signaling in IBC. We show that IBC is transcriptionally heterogeneous and that all molecular subtypes described in nIBC are detectable in IBC, albeit with a different frequency. The molecular profile of IBC, bearing molecular traits of aggressive breast tumor biology, shows attenuation of TGF-β signaling, potentially explaining the metastatic potential of IBC tumor cells in an unexpected manner. ©2013 AACR.

Mammary stem cell and macrophage markers are enriched in normal tissue adjacent to inflammatory breast cancer.

PubMed

Reddy, Jay P; Atkinson, Rachel L; Larson, Richard; Burks, Jared K; Smith, Daniel; Debeb, Bisrat G; Ruffell, Brian; Creighton, Chad J; Bambhroliya, Arvind; Reuben, James M; Van Laere, Steven J; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Symmans, William F; Brewster, Abenaa M; Woodward, Wendy A

2018-06-01

We hypothesized that breast tissue not involved by tumor in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) patients contains intrinsic differences, including increased mammary stem cells and macrophage infiltration, which may promote the IBC phenotype. Normal breast parenchyma ≥ 5 cm away from primary tumors was obtained from mastectomy specimens. This included an initial cohort of 8 IBC patients and 60 non-IBC patients followed by a validation cohort of 19 IBC patients and 25 non-IBC patients. Samples were immunostained for either CD44 + CD49f + CD133/2 + mammary stem cell markers or the CD68 macrophage marker and correlated with IBC status. Quantitation of positive cells was determined using inForm software from PerkinElmer. We also examined the association between IBC status and previously published tumorigenic stem cell and IBC tumor signatures in the validation cohort samples. 8 of 8 IBC samples expressed isolated CD44 + CD49f + CD133/2 + stem cell marked cells in the initial cohort as opposed to 0/60 non-IBC samples (p = 0.001). Similarly, the median number of CD44 + CD49f + CD133/2 + cells was significantly higher in the IBC validation cohort as opposed to the non-IBC validation cohort (25.7 vs. 14.2, p = 0.007). 7 of 8 IBC samples expressed CD68 + histologically confirmed macrophages in initial cohort as opposed to 12/48 non-IBC samples (p = 0.001). In the validation cohort, the median number of CD68 + cells in IBC was 3.7 versus 1.0 in the non-IBC cohort (p = 0.06). IBC normal tissue was positively associated with a tumorigenic stem cell signature (p = 0.02) and with a 79-gene IBC signature (p < 0.001). Normal tissue from IBC patients is enriched for both mammary stem cells and macrophages and has higher association with both a tumorigenic stem cell signature and IBC-specific tumor signature. Collectively, these data suggest that IBC normal tissue differs from non-IBC tissue. Whether these changes occur before the tumor develops or is induced by tumor warrants further investigation.

49 CFR 173.242 - Bulk packagings for certain medium hazard liquids and solids, including solids with dual hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars: Class DOT 103, 104, 105, 109, 111... IM 101, IM 102, and UN portable tanks when a T Code is specified in Column (7) of the § 172.101... authorized according to the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of...

49 CFR 173.242 - Bulk packagings for certain medium hazard liquids and solids, including solids with dual hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars: Class DOT 103, 104, 105, 109, 111...; Specification IM 101, IM 102, and UN portable tanks when a T Code is specified in Column (7) of the § 172.101... authorized according to the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of...

49 CFR 173.242 - Bulk packagings for certain medium hazard liquids and solids, including solids with dual hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars: Class DOT 103, 104, 105, 109, 111... IM 101, IM 102, and UN portable tanks when a T Code is specified in Column (7) of the § 172.101... authorized according to the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of...

49 CFR 173.242 - Bulk packagings for certain medium hazard liquids and solids, including solids with dual hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars: Class DOT 103, 104, 105, 109, 111... IM 101, IM 102, and UN portable tanks when a T Code is specified in Column (7) of the § 172.101... authorized according to the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of...

49 CFR 173.242 - Bulk packagings for certain medium hazard liquids and solids, including solids with dual hazards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars: Class DOT 103, 104, 105, 109, 111... IM 101, IM 102, and UN portable tanks when a T Code is specified in Column (7) of the § 172.101... authorized according to the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of...

Long-Term Outcome of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Compared to Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer in the Setting of High-Dose Chemotherapy with Autologous Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation

PubMed Central

Cheng, Yee Chung; Shi, Yushu; Zhang, Mei-Jie; Brazauskas, Ruta; Hemmer, Michael T.; Bishop, Michael R.; Nieto, Yago; Stadtmauer, Edward; Ayash, Lois; Gale, Robert Peter; Lazarus, Hillard; Holmberg, Leona; Lill, Michael; Olsson, Richard F.; Wirk, Baldeep Mona; Arora, Mukta; Hari, Parameswaran; Ueno, Naoto

2017-01-01

Introduction: Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare aggressive form of breast cancer. It is well known that the long-term survival and progression-free survival of IBC are worse than that of non-IBC. We report the long term outcomes of patients with IBC and non-IBC who had undergone high-dose chemotherapy (HDC) with autologous hematopoietic cell transplantation (AHCT). Methods: All 3387 patients with IBC or non-IBC who underwent HDC with AHCT between1990-2002 and registered with CIBMTR were included in this analysis. Transplant-related mortality (TRM), disease relapse/progression, progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were compared between the two cohorts. Multivariate Cox regression model was used to determine the independent impact of stage on outcomes. Results: 527 patients with IBC and 2,860 patients with non-IBC were included; the median age at transplantation (47 vs 46 years old) and median follow-up period in the 2 groups (167 vs 168 months) were similar. The most common conditioning regimen was cyclophosphamide and carboplatin based in both groups (54% in IBC and 50% in non-IBC). AHCT was well tolerated in both groups. TRM was similar in both groups (one year TRM was 2% for IBC and 3% for non-IBC, p=0.16). The most common cause of death was disease progression or relapse (81% in IBC and 75% in non-IBC). The median survival for both IBC and non-IBC was the same at 40 months. The PFS at 10 years was 27% (95% CI: 23-31%) for IBC and 24% (95% CI: 22-26%) for non-IBC (p=0.21), and the OS at 10 years was 31% (95% CI: 27-35%) for IBC and 28% (95% CI: 26-30%) for non-IBC (p=0.16). In univariate analysis, patients with stage III IBC and no active diseases at transplantation had lower PFS and OS than that in non-IBC. In multivariate analysis, controlling for age, disease status at AHCT, hormonal receptor status, time from diagnosis to AHCT, and performance status at AHCT, patients with stage III IBC had higher mortality (HR 1.16, 95% CI: 1-1.34, p= 0.0459), worse PFS (HR: 1.17, 95% CI: 1.01-1.36, p= 0.0339) and higher risk of disease relapse/progression (HR: 1.24, 95% CI: 1.06-1.45, p= 0.0082) as compared to stage III non-IBC. Amongst all patients a higher stage disease was associated with worse PFS, OS and disease relapse/progression. Conclusions: Long-term outcomes of stage III IBC patients who underwent AHCT were poorer than that in non-IBC patients confirming that the poor prognosis of IBC even in the setting of HDC with AHCT. PMID:28529613

78 FR 15303 - Hazardous Materials; Miscellaneous Amendments (RRR)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-11

..., designated as sharps, in non-DOT specification containers fitted into wheeled racks. Revise the requirements... regulated medical wastes, designated as sharps, in non-DOT specification containers fitted into wheeled... Code Amendment 35-10, section 5.4.1.4.3.2 requires empty uncleaned packagings, IBCs, bulk containers...

49 CFR 180.352 - Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... inspections for metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs. Each IBC is subject to the following test and... proper examination of the IBC body. (3) Each metal, rigid plastic and composite IBC must be internally... from cuts, tears and punctures. Additionally, fabric must be free from scoring which may render the IBC...

49 CFR 180.352 - Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... inspections for metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs. Each IBC is subject to the following test and... proper examination of the IBC body. (3) Each metal, rigid plastic and composite IBC must be internally... from cuts, tears and punctures. Additionally, fabric must be free from scoring which may render the IBC...

49 CFR 180.352 - Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... inspections for metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs. Each IBC is subject to the following test and... proper examination of the IBC body. (3) Each metal, rigid plastic and composite IBC must be internally... from cuts, tears and punctures. Additionally, fabric must be free from scoring which may render the IBC...

49 CFR 180.352 - Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... inspections for metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs. Each IBC is subject to the following test and... proper examination of the IBC body. (3) Each metal, rigid plastic and composite IBC must be internally... from cuts, tears and punctures. Additionally, fabric must be free from scoring which may render the IBC...

49 CFR 178.710 - Standards for flexible IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Definitions for flexible IBCs: (1) Flexible IBCs consist of a body constructed of film, woven plastic, woven... body of the IBC or formed from a continuation of the IBC body material. (c) Construction requirements... in previous use. (7) When flexible IBCs are filled, the ratio of height to width may not be more than...

49 CFR 178.710 - Standards for flexible IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Definitions for flexible IBCs: (1) Flexible IBCs consist of a body constructed of film, woven plastic, woven... body of the IBC or formed from a continuation of the IBC body material. (c) Construction requirements... in previous use. (7) When flexible IBCs are filled, the ratio of height to width may not be more than...

49 CFR 178.710 - Standards for flexible IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Definitions for flexible IBCs: (1) Flexible IBCs consist of a body constructed of film, woven plastic, woven... body of the IBC or formed from a continuation of the IBC body material. (c) Construction requirements... in previous use. (7) When flexible IBCs are filled, the ratio of height to width may not be more than...

49 CFR 178.710 - Standards for flexible IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Definitions for flexible IBCs: (1) Flexible IBCs consist of a body constructed of film, woven plastic, woven... body of the IBC or formed from a continuation of the IBC body material. (c) Construction requirements... in previous use. (7) When flexible IBCs are filled, the ratio of height to width may not be more than...

Clinical characteristics and outcome of bone-only metastasis in inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancers.

PubMed

Kai, Megumi; Kogawa, Takahiro; Liu, Diane D; Fouad, Tamer M; Kai, Kazuharu; Niikura, Naoki; Hsu, Limin; Willey, Jie S; Theriault, Richard L; Valero, Vicente; Ueno, Naoto T

2015-02-01

Inflammatory breast cancer is a rare and aggressive presentation of breast cancer. Bone is a common metastatic site in breast cancer, and bone-only metastatic disease is clinically considered to have a better prognosis than visceral metastasis. However, bone-only metastasis in IBC (bone-only IBC) has not been compared with bone-only metastasis in non-IBC (bone-only non-IBC) in terms of clinical features and outcome. Because of the intrinsically aggressive nature of IBC, we hypothesized that bone-only IBC has a poorer prognosis than does bone-only non-IBC. We retrospectively identified patients with stage III primary diagnosed breast cancer who, between January 1997 and December 2012, had a first recurrence located only in the bone. Among the 197 patients that we defined as a study cohort, 50 patients had IBC and 147 patients had non-IBC. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) from the date of recurrence were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and patient characteristic groups were compared using the log-rank test. OS did not differ significantly between the 2 groups (P = .2467), but a shorter PFS was seen in patients with bone-only IBC than in patients with bone-only non-IBC (P = .0357). Among patients with estrogen receptor (ER)-positive disease, a much shorter PFS was seen in bone-only IBC than in bone-only non-IBC (P = .0159). Bone-only IBC has a poorer prognosis than does bone-only non-IBC, particularly in those with ER-positive tumors. We might need to consider more aggressive intervention (e.g., chemotherapy) for IBC patients with ER-positive bone-only metastatic disease. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Overall survival differences between patients with inflammatory and noninflammatory breast cancer presenting with distant metastasis at diagnosis.

PubMed

Fouad, Tamer M; Kogawa, Takahiro; Liu, Diane D; Shen, Yu; Masuda, Hiroko; El-Zein, Randa; Woodward, Wendy A; Chavez-MacGregor, Mariana; Alvarez, Ricardo H; Arun, Banu; Lucci, Anthony; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Babiera, Gildy; Buchholz, Thomas A; Valero, Vicente; Ueno, Naoto T

2015-07-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive disease. Previous studies have shown that among patients with stage III breast cancer, IBC is associated with a worse prognosis than noninflammatory breast cancer (non-IBC). Whether this difference holds true among patients with stage IV breast cancer has not been studied. We tested the hypothesis that overall survival (OS) is worse in patients with IBC than in those with non-IBC among patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis (stage IV disease). We reviewed the records of 1504 consecutive patients with stage IV breast cancer (IBC: 206; non-IBC: 1298) treated at our institution from 1987 through 2012. Survival curves for IBC and non-IBC subcohorts were compared. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to determine predictors of OS. The median follow-up period was 4.7 years. IBC was associated with shorter median OS time than non-IBC (2.27 vs. 3.40 years; P = 0.0128, log-rank test). In a multicovariate Cox model that included 1389 patients, the diagnosis of IBC was a significant independent predictor of worse OS (hazard ratio = 1.431, P = 0.0011). Other significant predictors of worse OS included Black (vs. White) ethnicity, younger age at diagnosis, negative HER2 status, and visceral (vs. nonvisceral) site of metastasis. IBC is associated with shorter OS than non-IBC in patients with distant metastasis at diagnosis. The prognostic impact of IBC should be taken into consideration among patients with stage IV breast cancer.

Site Classification using Multichannel Channel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method on Soft and Hard Ground

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ashraf, M. A. M.; Kumar, N. S.; Yusoh, R.; Hazreek, Z. A. M.; Aziman, M.

2018-04-01

Site classification utilizing average shear wave velocity (Vs(30) up to 30 meters depth is a typical parameter. Numerous geophysical methods have been proposed for estimation of shear wave velocity by utilizing assortment of testing configuration, processing method, and inversion algorithm. Multichannel Analysis of Surface Wave (MASW) method is been rehearsed by numerous specialist and professional to geotechnical engineering for local site characterization and classification. This study aims to determine the site classification on soft and hard ground using MASW method. The subsurface classification was made utilizing National Earthquake Hazards Reduction Program (NERHP) and international Building Code (IBC) classification. Two sites are chosen to acquire the shear wave velocity which is in the state of Pulau Pinang for soft soil and Perlis for hard rock. Results recommend that MASW technique can be utilized to spatially calculate the distribution of shear wave velocity (Vs(30)) in soil and rock to characterize areas.

49 CFR 178.802 - Preparation of fiberboard IBCs for testing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MATERIALS SAFETY ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION HAZARDOUS MATERIALS REGULATIONS SPECIFICATIONS... IBCs and composite IBCs with fiberboard outer packagings must be conditioned for at least 24 hours in..., fiberboard IBCs or composite IBCs with fiberboard outer packagings may be at ambient conditions. [Amdt. 178...

Efficient computation of turbulent flow in ribbed passages using a non-overlapping near-wall domain decomposition method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Jones, Adam; Utyuzhnikov, Sergey

2017-08-01

Turbulent flow in a ribbed channel is studied using an efficient near-wall domain decomposition (NDD) method. The NDD approach is formulated by splitting the computational domain into an inner and outer region, with an interface boundary between the two. The computational mesh covers the outer region, and the flow in this region is solved using the open-source CFD code Code_Saturne with special boundary conditions on the interface boundary, called interface boundary conditions (IBCs). The IBCs are of Robin type and incorporate the effect of the inner region on the flow in the outer region. IBCs are formulated in terms of the distance from the interface boundary to the wall in the inner region. It is demonstrated that up to 90% of the region between the ribs in the ribbed passage can be removed from the computational mesh with an error on the friction factor within 2.5%. In addition, computations with NDD are faster than computations based on low Reynolds number (LRN) models by a factor of five. Different rib heights can be studied with the same mesh in the outer region without affecting the accuracy of the friction factor. This is tested with six different rib heights in an example of a design optimisation study. It is found that the friction factors computed with NDD are almost identical to the fully-resolved results. When used for inverse problems, NDD is considerably more efficient than LRN computations because only one computation needs to be performed and only one mesh needs to be generated.

49 CFR 178.707 - Standards for composite IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Standards for composite IBCs. 178.707 Section 178... PACKAGINGS IBC Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.707 Standards for composite IBCs. (a) The provisions in this section apply to composite IBCs intended to contain solids and liquids. To complete the marking...

49 CFR 178.706 - Standards for rigid plastic IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. 178.706 Section... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic IBCs intended to contain solids or liquids. Rigid plastic IBC types are...

49 CFR 178.706 - Standards for rigid plastic IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. 178.706 Section... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic IBCs intended to contain solids or liquids. Rigid plastic IBC types are...

49 CFR 178.706 - Standards for rigid plastic IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. 178.706 Section... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic IBCs intended to contain solids or liquids. Rigid plastic IBC types are...

49 CFR 178.706 - Standards for rigid plastic IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. 178.706 Section... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.706 Standards for rigid plastic IBCs. (a) The provisions in this section apply to rigid plastic IBCs intended to contain solids or liquids. Rigid plastic IBC types are...

Health Monitoring System Based on Intra-Body Communication

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Razak, A. H. A.; Ibrahim, I. W.; Ayub, A. H.; Amri, M. F.; Hamzi, M. H.; Halim, A. K.; Ahmad, A.; Junid, S. A. M. Al

2015-11-01

This paper presents a model of a Body Area Network (BAN) health monitoring system based on Intra-Body Communication. Intra-body Communication (IBC) is a communication technique that uses the human body as a medium for electrical signal communication. One of the visions in the health care industry is to provide autonomous and continuous self and the remote health monitoring system. This can be achieved via BAN, LAN and WAN integration. The BAN technology itself consists of short range data communication modules, sensors, controller and actuators. The information can be transmitted to the LAN and WAN via the RF technology such as Bluetooth, ZigBee and ANT. Although the implementations of RF communication have been successful, there are still limitations in term of power consumption, battery lifetime, interferences and signal attenuations. One of the solutions for Medical Body Area Network (MBANs) to overcome these issues is by using an IBC technique because it can operate at lower frequencies and power consumption compared to the existing techniques. The first objective is to design the IBC's transmitter and receiver modules using the off the shelf components. The specifications of the modules such as frequency, data rate, modulation and demodulation coding system were defined. The individual module were designed and tested separately. The modules was integrated as an IBC system and tested for functionality then was implemented on PCB. Next objective is to model and implement the digital parts of the transmitter and receiver modules on the Altera's FPGA board. The digital blocks were interfaced with the FPGA's on board modules and the discrete components. The signals that have been received from the transmitter were converted into a proper waveform and it can be viewed via external devices such as oscilloscope and Labview. The signals such as heartbeats or pulses can also be displayed on LCD. In conclusion, the IBC project presents medical health monitoring model that operates at the range of 21 MHz frequency and reduce the power consumption for a longer battery lifetime.

Association of Inflammatory and Non-Inflammatory Breast Cancer with Socioeconomic Characteristics in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Database, 2000–2007

PubMed Central

Schlichting, Jennifer A.; Soliman, Amr S.; Schairer, Catherine; Banerjee, Mousumi; Rozek, Laura S.; Schottenfeld, David; Harford, Joe B.; Merajver, Sofia D.

2011-01-01

Background Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly aggressive form of primary breast cancer. Little is known regarding risk factors for IBC, specifically the association with socioeconomic position (SEP). Methods The association between breast cancer type (IBC vs. non-IBC) with county-level SEP in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database for cases diagnosed from 2000–2007 was examined. County-level SEP characteristics included metropolitan vs. non- metropolitan residence, percent below the poverty level, percent less than high school graduate,and an index combining the poverty and high school variables. IBC and non-IBC age-adjusted incidence rates (IRs) were calculated, stratified on SEP and race/ethnicity. The odds of IBC vs. non-IBC given a particular SEP characteristic, adjusting for age and race/ethnicity, was examined through fitting of hierarchical logistic regression models (HLMs). Results IRs for IBC generally increased as SEP decreased, while the opposite was found for non-IBC. HLM results showed low SEP is associated with higher odds of IBC: Highest (≥ 20%) vs. lowest (<10%) persons below the poverty level Odds Ratio (95% Confidence Interval) = 1.25 (1.09–1.43); Highest (>28.76%) vs. lowest (≤15.99%) persons less than high school graduate = 1.25 (1.10–1.42); Low SEP as measured by poverty-high school index vs. high SEP = 1.26 (1.11–1.44). Conclusion Overall breast cancer has been found to be positively associated with SEP, whereas in this analysis IBC was associated with decreasing SEP. Impact Studies focused on understanding the disparity in IBC incidence, as well as interventions to eliminate these differences are needed. PMID:22028401

Detection of Intracellular Bacterial Communities in Human Urinary Tract Infection

PubMed Central

Rosen, David A; Hooton, Thomas M; Stamm, Walter E; Humphrey, Peter A; Hultgren, Scott J

2007-01-01

Background Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are one of the most common bacterial infections and are predominantly caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC). While UTIs are typically considered extracellular infections, it has been recently demonstrated that UPEC bind to, invade, and replicate within the murine bladder urothelium to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs). These IBCs dissociate and bacteria flux out of bladder facet cells, some with filamentous morphology, and ultimately establish quiescent intracellular reservoirs that can seed recurrent infection. This IBC pathogenic cycle has not yet been investigated in humans. In this study we sought to determine whether evidence of an IBC pathway could be found in urine specimens from women with acute UTI. Methods and Findings We collected midstream, clean-catch urine specimens from 80 young healthy women with acute uncomplicated cystitis and 20 asymptomatic women with a history of UTI. Investigators were blinded to culture results and clinical history. Samples were analyzed by light microscopy, immunofluorescence, and electron microscopy for evidence of exfoliated IBCs and filamentous bacteria. Evidence of IBCs was found in 14 of 80 (18%) urines from women with UTI. Filamentous bacteria were found in 33 of 80 (41%) urines from women with UTI. None of the 20 urines from the asymptomatic comparative group showed evidence of IBCs or filaments. Filamentous bacteria were present in all 14 of the urines with IBCs compared to 19 (29%) of 66 samples with no evidence of IBCs (p < 0.001). Of 65 urines from patients with E. coli infections, 14 (22%) had evidence of IBCs and 29 (45%) had filamentous bacteria, while none of the gram-positive infections had IBCs or filamentous bacteria. Conclusions The presence of exfoliated IBCs and filamentous bacteria in the urines of women with acute cystitis suggests that the IBC pathogenic pathway characterized in the murine model may occur in humans. The findings support the occurrence of an intracellular bacterial niche in some women with cystitis that may have important implications for UTI recurrence and treatment. PMID:18092884

Institutional Biosafety Committees and the Inadequacies of Risk Regulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bereano, Philip L.

1984-01-01

Discusses institutional biosafety committees (IBC) which provide quasi-independent reviews of recombinant DNA work done at an institution. Considers the nature of IBC operation, the National Institutes of Health "Guidelines for Recombinant DNA Research," the composition of IBCs, the intellectual content of IBC deliberations, and issues…

49 CFR 173.240 - Bulk packaging for certain low hazard solid materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... this subchapter and the special provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars... the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of the § 172.101... subchapter at the Packing Group performance level as specified in Column (5) of the § 172.101 Table of this...

49 CFR 173.240 - Bulk packaging for certain low hazard solid materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... this subchapter and the special provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars... the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of the § 172.101... subchapter at the Packing Group performance level as specified in Column (5) of the § 172.101 Table of this...

49 CFR 173.240 - Bulk packaging for certain low hazard solid materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... this subchapter and the special provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars... the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of the § 172.101... subchapter at the Packing Group performance level as specified in Column (5) of the § 172.101 Table of this...

49 CFR 173.240 - Bulk packaging for certain low hazard solid materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... this subchapter and the special provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars... the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of the § 172.101... subchapter at the Packing Group performance level as specified in Column (5) of the § 172.101 Table of this...

49 CFR 173.240 - Bulk packaging for certain low hazard solid materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... this subchapter and the special provisions specified in column 7 of the § 172.101 table. (a) Rail cars... the IBC packaging code specified for the specific hazardous material in Column (7) of the § 172.101... subchapter at the Packing Group performance level as specified in Column (5) of the § 172.101 Table of this...

49 CFR 178.815 - Stacking test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... deformation, which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (2) For fiberboard and wooden IBCs, there may be no loss of contents and no permanent deformation, which renders the whole IBC..., which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (4) For the dynamic...

49 CFR 178.815 - Stacking test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... deformation, which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (2) For fiberboard and wooden IBCs, there may be no loss of contents and no permanent deformation, which renders the whole IBC..., which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (4) For the dynamic...

49 CFR 178.815 - Stacking test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... deformation, which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (2) For fiberboard and wooden IBCs, there may be no loss of contents and no permanent deformation, which renders the whole IBC..., which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (4) For the dynamic...

49 CFR 178.815 - Stacking test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... deformation, which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (2) For fiberboard and wooden IBCs, there may be no loss of contents and no permanent deformation, which renders the whole IBC..., which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (4) For the dynamic...

A Carcinogenicity Bioassay of Isobutyl 2-Cyanoacrylate (IBC) in Fischer-344 Rats

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-01-23

subcutaneous mass M Control 084 24 Oct 85 Pallor, weak, depressed M Low IBC 080 24 Oct 85 Died in cage M High IBC 203 24 Oct 85 Pallor, large M Low IBC intra...abdominal mass 424 25 Oct 85 Weight loss, dehydrated, F High IBC depressed * Animals were sacrificed to conserve tissues in face of imminent death...bioassays due to its low incidence of spontaneous mammary gland and liver cancer . This strain is recommended by the NCI Carcinogenesis Bioassay Program

Education and Outreach in the Life Sciences: Qualitative Analysis Report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Burbank, Roberta L.; John, Lisa; Mahy, Heidi A.

The DOE's National Nuclear Security Agency (NNSA) asked Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL) to consider the role of individual scientists in upholding safety and security. The views of scientists were identified as being a critical component of this policy process. Therefore, scientists, managers, and representatives of Institutional Biosafety Committees (IBCs) at the national labs were invited to participate in a brief survey and a set of focus groups. In addition, three focus groups were conducted with scientists, managers, and IBC representatives to discuss some of the questions related to education, outreach, and codes of conduct in further detail and gathermore » additional input on biosecurity and dual-use awareness at the laboratories. The overall purpose of this process was to identify concerns related to these topics and to gather suggestions for creating an environment where both the scientific enterprise and national security are enhanced.« less

The proteome signature of the inflammatory breast cancer plasma membrane identifies novel molecular markers of disease

PubMed Central

Suárez-Arroyo, Ivette J; Feliz-Mosquea, Yismeilin R; Pérez-Laspiur, Juliana; Arju, Rezina; Giashuddin, Shah; Maldonado-Martínez, Gerónimo; Cubano, Luis A; Schneider, Robert J; Martínez-Montemayor, Michelle M

2016-01-01

Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) is the most lethal form of breast cancer with a 35% 5-year survival rate. The accurate and early diagnosis of IBC and the development of targeted therapy against this deadly disease remain a great medical challenge. Plasma membrane proteins (PMPs) such as E-cadherin and EGFR, play an important role in the progression of IBC. Because the critical role of PMPs in the oncogenic processes they are the perfect candidates as molecular markers and targets for cancer therapies. In the present study, Stable Isotope Labeling with Amino Acids in Cell Culture (SILAC) followed by mass spectrometry analysis was used to compare the relative expression levels of membrane proteins (MP) between non-cancerous mammary epithelial and IBC cells, MCF-10A and SUM-149, respectively. Six of the identified PMPs were validated by immunoblotting using the membrane fractions of non-IBC and IBC cell lines, compared with MCF-10A cells. Immunohistochemical analysis using IBC, invasive ductal carcinoma or normal mammary tissue samples was carried out to complete the validation method in nine of the PMPs. We identified and quantified 278 MPs, 76% of which classified as PMPs with 1.3-fold or higher change. We identified for the first time the overexpression of the novel plasminogen receptor, PLGRKT in IBC and of the carrier protein, SCAMP3. Furthermore, we describe the positive relationship between L1CAM expression and metastasis in IBC patients and the role of SCAMP3 as a tumor-related protein. Overall, the membrane proteomic signature of IBC reflects a global change in cellular organization and suggests additional strategies for cancer progression. Together, this study provides insight into the specialized IBC plasma membrane proteome with the potential to identify a number of novel therapeutic targets for IBC. PMID:27648361

49 CFR 178.801 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...: (i) A packaging which differs in surface treatment; (ii) A rigid plastic IBC or composite IBC which... equipment, etc.); maximum IBC capacity; characteristics of test contents; test descriptions and results...

Addressing Sustainable International Branch Campus Development through an Organizational Structure Lens: A Comparative Analysis of China, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Borgos, Jill

2016-01-01

The growth of international branch campuses (IBCs) in China, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates (UAE) accounts for a significant portion of the overall growth of IBCs globally. Conversely the largest exporter of IBCs globally is the United States, with several U.S. IBCs located in each of these importing countries. With the intention of focusing…

Analysis of Wind Forces on Roof-Top Solar Panel

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Panta, Yogendra; Kudav, Ganesh

2011-03-01

Structural loads on solar panels include forces due to high wind, gravity, thermal expansion, and earthquakes. International Building Code (IBC) and the American Society of Civil Engineers are two commonly used approaches in solar industries to address wind loads. Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures (ASCE 7-02) can be used to calculate wind uplift loads on roof-mounted solar panels. The present study is primarily focused on 2D and 3D modeling with steady, and turbulent flow over an inclined solar panel on the flat based roof to predict the wind forces for designing wind management system. For the numerical simulation, 3-D incompressible flow with the standard k- ɛ was adopted and commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT was used. Results were then validated with wind tunnel experiments with a good agreement. Solar panels with various aspect ratios for various high wind speeds and angle of attacks were modeled and simulated in order to predict the wind loads in various scenarios. The present study concluded to reduce the strong wind uplift by designing a guide plate or a deflector before the panel. Acknowledgments to Northern States Metal Inc., OH (GK & YP) and School of Graduate Studies of YSU for RP & URC 2009-2010 (YP).

49 CFR 178.703 - Marking of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...). For metal IBCs on which the marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied... the allocation of the mark. The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the...

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is equally expressed in inflammatory breast cancer and noninflammatory locally advanced breast cancer: A possible association with chemotherapy response.

PubMed

Aguiar, Marco Antonio Nasser; Wanderley, Carlos Wagner S; Nobre, Lívia Maria Soares; Alencar, Mateus Rolim Mendes; Saldanha, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro; Souza, Alceu Machado; Wong, Deysi Viviana Tenazoa; Barros, Paulo Goberlânio; Almeida, Paulo Roberto Carvalho; Lima-Júnior, Roberto Cesar Pereira; Ribeiro, Ronaldo Albuquerque

2018-04-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of locally advanced breast cancer. The signs of inflammation such as hyperemia and hyperthermia might suggest the possible participation of inflammatory mediators. This study investigates stromal and tumor expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and interleukin-18 (IL-18) in samples obtained from IBC and noninflammatory locally advanced breast cancer (LABC) and the influence of these markers on patients' prognosis. Demographic data, tumor molecular characteristics and overall survival in both groups were also assessed. Furthermore, in this study, we evaluated the expression of IL-18 and p50 nuclear fraction of NF-κB by immunohistochemistry in specimens from IBC and LABC (T4b). We observed that 24.6% of women were diagnosed with IBC up to age 40. In addition, the patients with IBC showed a lower overall survival when compared to LABC. In regard to molecular markers, ER + , C-erbB2 - or triple negative IBC patients showed a significantly reduced overall survival. In addition, a higher IL-18 immunostaining in stroma of IBC and LABC was observed in comparison with tumor cells, but stromal immunoexpression was similar between IBC and LABC. Besides, IL-18 positivity seemed be related with a better clinical response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. However, NF-κB expression was identical in both groups. The IL-18 is present in tumor stroma of IBC and LABC and seems to be associated with the complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd.

Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne - what does e-publication mean for you?

PubMed Central

2011-01-01

Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July. Several important changes were made to the Code as a result of this meeting that will affect publication of new names. Two of these changes will come into effect on 1 January 2012, some months before the Melbourne Code is published. Electronic material published online in Portable Document Format (PDF) with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) will constitute effective publication, and the requirement for a Latin description or diagnosis for names of new taxa will be changed to a requirement for a description or diagnosis in either Latin or English. In addition, effective from 1 January 2013, new names of organisms treated as fungi must, in order to be validly published, include in the protologue (everything associated with a name at its valid publication) the citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository (such as MycoBank). Draft text of the new articles dealing with electronic publication is provided and best practice is outlined. To encourage dissemination of the changes made to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this article will be published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Brittonia, Cladistics, MycoKeys, Mycotaxon, New Phytologist, North American Fungi, Novon, Opuscula Philolichenum, PhytoKeys, Phytoneuron, Phytotaxa, Plant Diversity and Resources, Systematic Botany and Taxon. PMID:21917189

Changes to publication requirements made at the XVIII International Botanical Congress in Melbourne - what does e-publication mean for you?

PubMed Central

Knapp, Sandra; McNeill, John; Turland, Nicholas J.

2011-01-01

Abstract Changes to the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature are decided on every 6 years at Nomenclature Sections associated with International Botanical Congresses (IBC). The XVIII IBC was held in Melbourne, Australia; the Nomenclature Section met on 18-22 July 2011 and its decisions were accepted by the Congress at its plenary session on 30 July. Several important changes were made to the Code as a result of this meeting that will affect publication of new names. Two of these changes will come into effect on 1 January 2012, some months before the Melbourne Code is published. Electronic material published online in Portable Document Format (PDF) with an International Standard Serial Number (ISSN) or an International Standard Book Number (ISBN) will constitute effective publication, and the requirement for a Latin description or diagnosis for names of new taxa will be changed to a requirement for a description or diagnosis in either Latin or English. In addition, effective from 1 January 2013, new names of organisms treated as fungi must, in order to be validly published, include in the protologue (everything associated with a name at its valid publication) the citation of an identifier issued by a recognized repository (such as MycoBank). Draft text of the new articles dealing with electronic publication is provided and best practice is outlined. To encourage dissemination of the changes made to the International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants, this article will be published in BMC Evolutionary Biology, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Brittonia, Cladistics, MycoKeys, Mycotaxon, New Phytologist, North American Fungi, Novon, Opuscula Philolichenum, PhytoKeys, Phytoneuron, Phytotaxa, Plant Diversity and Resources, Systematic Botany and Taxon. PMID:22287918

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolfe, Adam R.; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas; Atkinson, Rachel L.

Purpose: We previously demonstrated that cholesterol-lowering agents regulate radiation sensitivity of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cell lines in vitro and are associated with less radiation resistance among IBC patients who undergo postmastectomy radiation. We hypothesized that decreasing IBC cellular cholesterol induced by treatment with lipoproteins would increase radiation sensitivity. Here, we examined the impact of specific transporters of cholesterol (ie lipoproteins) on the responses of IBC cells to self-renewal and to radiation in vitro and on clinical outcomes in IBC patients. Methods and Materials: Two patient-derived IBC cell lines, SUM 149 and KPL4, were incubated with low-density lipoproteins (LDL), very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL),more » or high-density lipoproteins (HDL) for 24 hours prior to irradiation (0-6 Gy) and mammosphere formation assay. Cholesterol panels were examined in a cohort of patients with primary IBC diagnosed between 1995 and 2011 at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Lipoprotein levels were then correlated to patient outcome, using the log rank statistical model, and examined in multivariate analysis using Cox regression. Results: VLDL increased and HDL decreased mammosphere formation compared to untreated SUM 149 and KPL4 cells. Survival curves showed enhancement of survival in both of the IBC cell lines when pretreated with VLDL and, conversely, radiation sensitization in all cell lines when pretreated with HDL. In IBC patients, higher VLDL values (>30 mg/dL) predicted a lower 5-year overall survival rate than normal values (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.9 [95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05-3.45], P=.035). Lower-than-normal patient HDL values (<60 mg/dL) predicted a lower 5-year overall survival rate than values higher than 60 mg/dL (HR = 3.21 [95% CI: 1.25-8.27], P=.015). Conclusions: This study discovered a relationship among the plasma levels of lipoproteins, overall patient response, and radiation resistance in IBC patients and IBC patient-derived cell lines. A more expansive study is needed to verify these observations.« less

Characterizing inflammatory breast cancer among Arab Americans in the California, Detroit and New Jersey Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries (1988-2008).

PubMed

Hirko, Kelly A; Soliman, Amr S; Banerjee, Mousumi; Ruterbusch, Julie; Harford, Joe B; Chamberlain, Robert M; Graff, John J; Merajver, Sofia D; Schwartz, Kendra

2013-12-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is characterized by an apparent geographical distribution in incidence, being more common in North Africa than other parts of the world. Despite the rapid growth of immigrants to the United States from Arab nations, little is known about disease patterns among Arab Americans because a racial category is rarely considered for this group. The aim of this study was to advance our understanding of the burden of IBC in Arab ethnic populations by describing the proportion of IBC among different racial groups, including Arab Americans from the Detroit, New Jersey and California Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) registries. We utilized a validated Arab surname algorithm to identify women of Arab descent from the SEER registries. Differences in the proportion of IBC out of all breast cancer and IBC characteristics by race and menopausal status were evaluated using chi-square tests for categorical variables, t-tests and ANOVA tests for continuous variables, and log-rank tests for survival data. We modeled the association between race and IBC among all women with breast cancer using hierarchical logistic regression models, adjusting for individual and census tract-level variables. Statistically significant differences in the proportion of IBC out of all breast cancers by race were evident. In a hierarchical model, adjusting for age, estrogen and progesterone receptor, human epidermal growth receptor 2, registry and census-tract level education, Arab-Americans (OR=1.5, 95% CI=1.2,1.9), Hispanics (OR=1.2, 95% CI=1.1,1.3), Non-Hispanic Blacks (OR=1.3, 95% CI=1.2, 1.4), and American Indians/Alaskans (OR=1.9, 95% CI=1.1, 3.4) had increased odds of IBC, while Asians (OR=0.6, 95% CI=0.6, 0.7) had decreased odds of IBC as compared to Non-Hispanic Whites. IBC may be more common among certain minority groups, including Arab American women. Understanding the descriptive epidemiology of IBC by race may generate hypotheses about risk factors for this aggressive disease. Future research should focus on etiologic factors that may explain these differences.

49 CFR 173.35 - Hazardous materials in IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part 180 of this subchapter is past due, may not be filled and offered for transportation until the... this subchapter.) An IBC other than a multiwall paper IBC (13M1 and 13M2) may be reused. If an inner...

Characterization of Impulse Radio Intrabody Communication System for Wireless Body Area Networks.

PubMed

Cai, Zibo; Seyedi, MirHojjat; Zhang, Weiwei; Rivet, Francois; Lai, Daniel T H

2017-01-01

Intrabody communication (IBC) is a promising data communication technique for body area networks. This short-distance communication approach uses human body tissue as the medium of signal propagation. IBC is defined as one of the physical layers for the new IEEE 802.15.6 or wireless body area network (WBAN) standard, which can provide a suitable data rate for real-time physiological data communication while consuming lower power compared to that of radio-frequency protocols such as Bluetooth. In this paper, impulse radio (IR) IBC (IR-IBC) is examined using a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) implementation of an IBC system. A carrier-free pulse position modulation (PPM) scheme is implemented using an IBC transmitter in an FPGA board. PPM is a modulation technique that uses time-based pulse characteristics to encode data based on IR concepts. The transmission performance of the scheme was evaluated through signal propagation measurements of the human arm using 4- and 8-PPM transmitters, respectively. 4 or 8 is the number of symbols during modulations. It was found that the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) decreases approximately 8.0 dB for a range of arm distances (5-50 cm) between the transmitter and receiver electrodes with constant noise power and various signal amplitudes. The SNR for the 4-PPM scheme is approximately 2 dB higher than that for the 8-PPM one. In addition, the bit error rate (BER) is theoretically analyzed for the human body channel with additive white Gaussian noise. The 4- and 8-PPM IBC systems have average BER values of 10 -5 and 10 -10 , respectively. The results indicate the superiority of the 8-PPM scheme compared to the 4-PPM one when implementing the IBC system. The performance evaluation of the proposed IBC system will improve further IBC transceiver design.

Two genes with similarity to bacterial response regulators are rapidly and specifically induced by cytokinin in Arabidopsis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Brandstatter, I.; Kieber, J. J.; Evans, M. L. (Principal Investigator)

1998-01-01

Cytokinins are central regulators of plant growth and development, but little is known about their mode of action. By using differential display, we identified a gene, IBC6 (for induced by cytokinin), from etiolated Arabidopsis seedlings, that is induced rapidly by cytokinin. The steady state level of IBC6 mRNA was elevated within 10 min by the exogenous application of cytokinin, and this induction did not require de novo protein synthesis. IBC6 was not induced by other plant hormones or by light. A second Arabidopsis gene with a sequence highly similar to IBC6 was identified. This IBC7 gene also was induced by cytokinin, although with somewhat slower kinetics and to a lesser extent. The pattern of expression of the two genes was similar, with higher expression in leaves, rachises, and flowers and lower transcript levels in roots and siliques. Sequence analysis revealed that IBC6 and IBC7 are similar to the receiver domain of bacterial two-component response regulators. This homology, coupled with previously published work on the CKI1 histidine kinase homolog, suggests that these proteins may play a role in early cytokinin signaling.

Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.; Norman, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

Wind tunnel measurements of performance, loads, and vibration of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive helicopter analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. Measured data show a 5.1% rotor power reduction (8.6% rotor lift to effective-drag ratio increase) using 2/rev IBC actuation with 2.0 amplitude at = 0.4. At the optimum IBC phase for rotor performance, IBC actuator force (pitch link force) decreased, and neither flap nor chord bending moments changed significantly. CAMRAD II predicts the rotor power variations with the IBC phase reasonably well at = 0.35. However, the correlation degrades at = 0.4. Coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 shows excellent correlation with the measured rotor power variations with the IBC phase at both = 0.35 and = 0.4. Maximum reduction of IBC actuator force is better predicted with CAMRAD II, but general trends are better captured with the coupled analysis. The correlation of vibratory hub loads is generally poor by both methods, although the coupled analysis somewhat captures general trends.

Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.; Norman, Thomas R.

2011-01-01

Wind tunnel measurements of performance, loads, and vibration of a full-scale UH-60A Black Hawk main rotor with an individual blade control (IBC) system are compared with calculations obtained using the comprehensive helicopter analysis CAMRAD II and a coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 analysis. Measured data show a 5.1% rotor power reduction (8.6% rotor lift to effective-drag ratio increase) using 2/rev IBC actuation with 2.0. amplitude at u = 0.4. At the optimum IBC phase for rotor performance, IBC actuator force (pitch link force) decreased, and neither flap nor chord bending moments changed significantly. CAMRAD II predicts the rotor power variations with IBC phase reasonably well at u = 0.35. However, the correlation degrades at u = 0.4. Coupled CAMRAD II/OVERFLOW 2 shows excellent correlation with the measured rotor power variations with IBC phase at both u = 0.35 and u = 0.4. Maximum reduction of IBC actuator force is better predicted with CAMRAD II, but general trends are better captured with the coupled analysis. The correlation of vibratory hub loads is generally poor by both methods, although the coupled analysis somewhat captures general trends.

Reliability of medical records in diagnosing inflammatory breast cancer in Egypt.

PubMed

Le, Lynne; Schairer, Catherine; Hablas, Ahmed; Meza, Jane; Watanabe-Galloway, Shinobu; Ramadan, Mohamed; Merajver, Sofia D; Seifeldin, Ibrahim A; Soliman, Amr S

2017-03-16

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare, aggressive breast cancer diagnosed clinically by the presence of diffuse erythema, peau d'orange, and edema that arise quickly in the affected breast. This study evaluated the validity of medical records in Gharbiah, Egypt in identifying clinical signs/symptoms of IBC. For 34 IBC cases enrolled in a case-control study at the Gharbiah Cancer Society and Tanta Cancer Center, Egypt (2009-2010), we compared signs/symptoms of IBC noted in medical records to those recorded on a standardized form at the time of IBC diagnosis by clinicians participating in the case-control study. We calculated the sensitivity and specificity of medical records as compared to the case-control study for recording these signs/symptoms. We also performed McNemar's tests. In the case-control study, 32 (94.1%) IBC cases presented with peau d'orange, 30 (88.2%) with erythema, and 31 (91.2%) with edema. The sensitivities of the medical records as compared to the case-control study were 0.8, 0.5, and 0.2 for peau d'orange, erythema, and edema, respectively. Corresponding specificities were 1.0, 0.5, and 1.0. p values for McNemar's test were <0.05 for all signs. Medical records had data on the extent and duration of signs for at most 27% of cases for which this information was recorded in the case-control study. Twenty-three of the 34 cases (67.6%) had confirmed diagnosis of IBC in their medical records. Medical records lacked information on signs/symptoms of IBC, especially erythema and edema, when compared to the case-control study. Deficient medical records could have implications for diagnosis and treatment of IBC and proper documentation of cases in cancer registries.

Epidemiological risk factors associated with inflammatory breast cancer subtypes.

PubMed

Atkinson, Rachel L; El-Zein, Randa; Valero, Vicente; Lucci, Anthony; Bevers, Therese B; Fouad, Tamer; Liao, Weiqin; Ueno, Naoto T; Woodward, Wendy A; Brewster, Abenaa M

2016-03-01

In this single-institution case-control study, we identified risk factors associated with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) subtypes based on staining of estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and expression of human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2neu) to determine distinct etiologic pathways. We identified 224 women with IBC and 396 cancer-free women seen at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Multinomial logistic regression was used to estimate odds ratios (ORs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) for associations between breast cancer risk factors and the IBC tumor subtypes: luminal (ER+ and/or PR+/HER2neu-), HER2neu+ (any ER and PR, HER2neu+), and triple-negative (ER-/PR-/HER2neu-). In multivariable analysis, compared with women age ≥26 at first pregnancy, women age <26 had a higher risk of triple-negative IBC (OR 3.32, 95% CI 1.37-8.05). Women with a history of breast-feeding had a lower risk of triple-negative (OR 0.30; 95% CI 0.15-0.62) and luminal IBC (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.18-0.68). A history of smoking was associated with an increased risk of luminal IBC (OR 2.37; 95% CI 1.24-4.52). Compared with normal-weight women, those who were overweight or obese (body mass index ≥25 kg/m(2)) had a higher risk of all three tumor subtypes (p < 0.01 for all subtypes). Overweight or obese status is important modifiable risk factor for IBC of any subtype. Modifiable risk factors, age at first pregnancy (≥26), breast-feeding, and smoking may be associated with specific IBC subtypes. These results highlight the importance of evaluating epidemiologic risk factors for IBC for the identification of subtype-specific prevention strategies.

The Modeling and Simulation of the Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication via Handshake Channel.

PubMed

Li, Maoyuan; Song, Yong; Li, Wansong; Wang, Guangfa; Bu, Tianpeng; Zhao, Yufei; Hao, Qun

2017-04-14

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the conductive properties of the body to transmit signal, and information interaction by handshake is regarded as one of the important applications of IBC. In this paper, a method for modeling the galvanic coupling intra-body communication via handshake channel is proposed, while the corresponding parameters are discussed. Meanwhile, the mathematical model of this kind of IBC is developed. Finally, the validity of the developed model has been verified by measurements. Moreover, its characteristics are discussed and compared with that of the IBC via single body channel. Our results indicate that the proposed method will lay a foundation for the theoretical analysis and application of the IBC via handshake channel.

The Modeling and Simulation of the Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication via Handshake Channel

PubMed Central

Li, Maoyuan; Song, Yong; Li, Wansong; Wang, Guangfa; Bu, Tianpeng; Zhao, Yufei; Hao, Qun

2017-01-01

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a technology using the conductive properties of the body to transmit signal, and information interaction by handshake is regarded as one of the important applications of IBC. In this paper, a method for modeling the galvanic coupling intra-body communication via handshake channel is proposed, while the corresponding parameters are discussed. Meanwhile, the mathematical model of this kind of IBC is developed. Finally, the validity of the developed model has been verified by measurements. Moreover, its characteristics are discussed and compared with that of the IBC via single body channel. Our results indicate that the proposed method will lay a foundation for the theoretical analysis and application of the IBC via handshake channel. PMID:28420119

To core, or not to core: the impact of coring on tree health and a best-practice framework for collecting dendrochronological information from living trees.

PubMed

Tsen, Edward W J; Sitzia, Tommaso; Webber, Bruce L

2016-11-01

Trees are natural repositories of valuable environmental information that is preserved in the growth and structure of their stems, branches and roots. Dendrochronological analyses, based on the counting, crossdating and characterisation of incrementally formed wood rings, offer powerful insights for diverse fields including ecology, climatology and archaeology. The application of this toolset is likely to increase in popularity over coming decades due to advances in the field and a reduction in the cost of analyses. In research settings where the continued value of living trees subject to dendrochronological investigation is important, the use of an increment bore corer to extract trunk tissue is considered the best option to minimise negative impacts on tree health (e.g. stress and fitness). A small and fragmented body of literature, however, reports significant after-effects, and in some cases fatal outcomes, from this sampling technique. As it stands, the literature documenting increment bore coring (IBC) impacts lacks experimental consistency and is poorly replicated, making it difficult for prospective users of the method to assess likely tree responses to coring. This paucity of information has the potential to lead to destructive misuse of the method and also limits its safe implementation in circumstances where the risk of impacts may be appropriate. If IBC is to fulfil its potential as a method of choice across research fields, then we must first address our limited understanding of IBC impacts and provide a framework for its appropriate future use. Firstly, we review the historical context of studies examining the impacts of IBC on trees to identify known patterns, focal issues and biases in existing knowledge. IBC wound responses, particularly those that impact on lumber quality, have been the primary focus of prior studies. No universal treatment was identified that conclusively improved wound healing and few studies have linked wound responses to tree health impacts. Secondly, we build on literature insights using a theoretical approach to identify the most important factors to guide future research involving implementation of IBC, including innate tree characteristics and environmental factors. Thirdly, we synthesise and interrogate the quantitative data available through meta-analysis to identify risk factors for wound reactions. Although poor reporting standards, restricted scopes and a bias towards temperate ecosystems limited quantitative insight, we found that complete cambial wound closure could still harbour high rates of internal trunk decay, and that conditions favouring faster growth generally correlated with reduced indices of internal and external damage in broadleaved taxa. Finally, we propose a framework for guiding best-practice application of IBC to address knowledge gaps and maximise the utility of this method, including standardised reporting indices for identifying and minimising negative impacts on tree health. While IBC is an underutilised tool of ecological enquiry with broad applicability, the method will always incur some risk of negative impacts on the cored tree. We caution that the decision to core, or not to core, must be given careful consideration on a case-by-case basis. In time, we are confident that this choice will be better informed by evidence-based insight. © 2015 Cambridge Philosophical Society.

49 CFR 178.810 - Drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... preparation for the drop test. (1) Metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs intended to contain solids must be.... (4) Rigid plastic IBCs and composite IBCs with plastic inner receptacles must be conditioned for... material having essentially the same physical characteristics. (3) The specific gravity and viscosity of a...

49 CFR 178.709 - Standards for wooden IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... IBC. (i) Natural wood used in the construction of an IBC must be well-seasoned, commercially dry, and... be used for the construction of structural equipment of the outer packaging. (iii) Reconstituted wood used in construction of bodies must be water resistant reconstituted wood such as hardboard or particle...

49 CFR 173.35 - Hazardous materials in IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

..., cracks, cuts, or other damage which would render it unable to pass the prescribed design type test to... metal, rigid plastic, or composite IBC that is appropriately resistant to an increase in internal pressure likely to develop during transportation. (1) A rigid plastic or composite IBC may only be filled...

49 CFR 180.352 - Requirements for retest and inspection of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... qualification tests. The IBC must be externally inspected for cracks, warpage, corrosion or any other damage... IBC must be internally inspected for cracks, warpage, and corrosion or any other defect that might.... Inner protrusions which could puncture or abrade the liner must be covered. (d) Requirements applicable...

Anoikis evasion in inflammatory breast cancer cells is mediated by Bim-EL sequestration

PubMed Central

Buchheit, C L; Angarola, B L; Steiner, A; Weigel, K J; Schafer, Z T

2015-01-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly invasive type of breast cancer, and patients diagnosed with IBC often face a very poor prognosis. IBC is characterized by the lack of primary tumor formation and the rapid accumulation of cancerous epithelial cells in the dermal lymphatic vessels. Given that normal epithelial cells require attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) for survival, a comprehensive examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying IBC cell survival in the lymphatic vessels is of paramount importance to our understanding of IBC pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to normal mammary epithelial cells, IBC cells evade ECM-detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis). ErbB2 and EGFR knockdown in KPL-4 and SUM149 cells, respectively, causes decreased colony growth in soft agar and increased caspase activation following ECM detachment. ERK/MAPK signaling was found to operate downstream of ErbB2 and EGFR to protect cells from anoikis by facilitating the formation of a protein complex containing Bim-EL, LC8, and Beclin-1. This complex forms as a result of Bim-EL phosphorylation on serine 59, and thus Bim-EL cannot localize to the mitochondria and cause anoikis. These results reveal a novel mechanism that could be targeted with innovative therapeutics to induce anoikis in IBC cells. PMID:25526094

Anoikis evasion in inflammatory breast cancer cells is mediated by Bim-EL sequestration.

PubMed

Buchheit, C L; Angarola, B L; Steiner, A; Weigel, K J; Schafer, Z T

2015-08-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and highly invasive type of breast cancer, and patients diagnosed with IBC often face a very poor prognosis. IBC is characterized by the lack of primary tumor formation and the rapid accumulation of cancerous epithelial cells in the dermal lymphatic vessels. Given that normal epithelial cells require attachment to the extracellular matrix (ECM) for survival, a comprehensive examination of the molecular mechanisms underlying IBC cell survival in the lymphatic vessels is of paramount importance to our understanding of IBC pathogenesis. Here we demonstrate that, in contrast to normal mammary epithelial cells, IBC cells evade ECM-detachment-induced apoptosis (anoikis). ErbB2 and EGFR knockdown in KPL-4 and SUM149 cells, respectively, causes decreased colony growth in soft agar and increased caspase activation following ECM detachment. ERK/MAPK signaling was found to operate downstream of ErbB2 and EGFR to protect cells from anoikis by facilitating the formation of a protein complex containing Bim-EL, LC8, and Beclin-1. This complex forms as a result of Bim-EL phosphorylation on serine 59, and thus Bim-EL cannot localize to the mitochondria and cause anoikis. These results reveal a novel mechanism that could be targeted with innovative therapeutics to induce anoikis in IBC cells.

A cluster of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) in an office setting: additional evidence of the importance of environmental factors in IBC etiology.

PubMed

Duke, Tina J; Jahed, Nasreen C; Veneroso, Carmela C; Da Roza, Ricardo; Johnson, Owen; Hoffman, Daniel; Barsky, Sanford H; Levine, Paul H

2010-11-01

We investigated a cluster of three cases of inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) diagnosed within 10 months in an office setting of 24 people. Information about medical history, pregnancy history, family history of breast cancer, oral contraceptive use/hormone replacement therapy, exposure to possible oncogenic agents and tumor promoters were obtained to determine whether there were differences in risk factors for IBC between cases and controls. The physical environment and location of the cases' office raised concern about air and water quality as well as radiation as being contributory risk factors for developing IBC. Of the three women with IBC, two had high exposures to pesticides/herbicides, all three used oral contraceptives and two used hormone replacement therapy at the time of diagnosis, two had a family history of breast cancer, and two were obese. Among fifteen controls four had pesticide/herbicide exposure, one had a family history of breast cancer, nine used oral contraceptives, seven used hormone replacement therapy, and five were obese. No specific environmental causes were established for this cluster. Several promoting factors have been suggested that could result in subclinical breast cancer emerging as IBC. Among them are exogenous hormones and exposure to herbicides/pesticides.

Polysaccharide capsule and sialic acid-mediated regulation promote biofilm-like intracellular bacterial communities during cystitis.

PubMed

Anderson, Gregory G; Goller, Carlos C; Justice, Sheryl; Hultgren, Scott J; Seed, Patrick C

2010-03-01

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the leading cause of urinary tract infections (UTIs). A murine UTI model has revealed an infection cascade whereby UPEC undergoes cycles of invasion of the bladder epithelium, intracellular proliferation in polysaccharide-containing biofilm-like masses called intracellular bacterial communities (IBC), and then dispersal into the bladder lumen to initiate further rounds of epithelial colonization and invasion. We predicted that the UPEC K1 polysaccharide capsule is a key constituent of the IBC matrix. Compared to prototypic E. coli K1 strain UTI89, a capsule assembly mutant had a fitness defect in functionally TLR4(+) and TLR4(-) mice, suggesting a protective role of capsule in inflamed and noninflamed hosts. K1 capsule assembly and synthesis mutants had dramatically reduced IBC formation, demonstrating the common requirement for K1 polysaccharide in IBC development. The capsule assembly mutant appeared dispersed in the cytoplasm of the bladder epithelial cells and failed to undergo high-density intracellular replication during later stages of infection, when the wild-type strain continued to form serial generations of IBC. Deletion of the sialic acid regulator gene nanR partially restored IBC formation in the capsule assembly mutant. These data suggest that capsule is necessary for efficient IBC formation and that aberrant sialic acid accumulation, resulting from disruption of K1 capsule assembly, produces a NanR-mediated defect in intracellular proliferation and IBC development. Together, these data demonstrate the complex but important roles of UPEC polysaccharide encapsulation and sialic acid signaling in multiple stages of UTI pathogenesis.

Saturn Apollo Program

NASA Image and Video Library

1967-01-01

Workmen secure a J-2 engine onto the S-IVB (second) stage thrust structure. As part of Marshall Space Center's "building block" approach to the Saturn development, the S-IVB was utilized in the Saturn IBC launch vehicle as a second stage and the Saturn V launch vehicle as a third stage. The booster, built for NASA by McDornell Douglas Corporation, was powered by a single J-2 engine, initially capable of 200,000 pounds of thrust.

49 CFR 180.350 - Applicability and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... metal, rigid plastic or composite IBCs produced as a UN type from a non-UN type, or are converted from... subchapter for design type definition). (b) Repaired IBCs are metal, rigid plastic or composite IBCs that, as a result of impact or for any other cause (such as corrosion, embrittlement or other evidence of...

49 CFR 178.704 - General IBC standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... materials must be sift-proof and water-resistant. (b) All service equipment must be so positioned or... withstand, without loss of hazardous materials, the internal pressure of the contents and the stresses of... stress in any part of the IBC. (d) An IBC consisting of a packaging within a framework must be so...

78 FR 54485 - Interstate Brands Corporation (IBC); a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Hostess Brands, Inc.; Including...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-09-04

... DEPARTMENT OF LABOR Employment and Training Administration [TA-W-82,165D] Interstate Brands Corporation (IBC); a Wholly Owned Subsidiary of Hostess Brands, Inc.; Including On-Site Leased Workers From... Brands Corporation (IBC), a wholly owned subsidiary of Hostess Brands, Inc., operating at locations...

Modeling for intra-body communication with bone effect.

PubMed

Pun, S H; Gao, Y M; Mak, P U; Du, M; Vai, M I

2009-01-01

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new, different "wireless" communication technique based on the human tissue. This short range "wireless" communication technology provides an alternative solution to wearable sensors, home health system, telemedicine and implanted devices. The development of the IBC enables the possibilities of providing less complexity and convenient communication methodologies for these devices. By regarding human tissue as communication channel, IBC making use of the conductivities properties of human tissue to send electrical signal from transmitter to receiver. In this paper, the authors proposed a new mathematical model for galvanic coupling type IBC based on a human limb. Starting from the electromagnetic theory, the authors treat human tissue as volume conductor, which is in analogous with the bioelectric phenomena analysis. In order to explain the mechanism of galvanic coupling type technique of IBC, applying the quasi-static approximation, the governing equation can be reduced to Laplace Equation. Finally, the analytical model is evaluated with on-body measurement for testing its performance. The comparison result shows that the developed mathematical model can provide good approximation for galvanic coupling type IBC on human limb under low operating frequencies.

An evaluation of the role and effectiveness of institutional biosafety committees in providing oversight and security at biocontainment laboratories.

PubMed

Race, Margaret S; Hammond, Edward

2008-03-01

Institutional biosafety committees (IBCs) have been charged with the oversight and review of biosafety at thousands of biocontainment labs nationwide, hundreds of which are high-level BSL-3 and BSL-4 labs. In light of the recent rapid proliferation of BSL-3 and BSL-4 facilities and the increases in research in the areas of biodefense, select agents, recombinant DNA, and synthetic biology and dual-use research, questions have been raised about whether IBCs are fulfilling their oversight responsibilities. This article reviews information on the responsibilities and expectations of IBCs as currently constituted and provides an analysis of IBC performance from survey data of hundreds of research institutions over the past several years. The findings highlight serious ongoing problems with IBCs' adherence to NIH Guidelines. This raises questions about the current voluntary governance framework as an effective system to monitor and oversee U.S. research facilities, including high-containment facilities, and their research activities. The findings strongly suggest the need for immediate improvement or replacement of the IBC system.

Anti-Tumor Effects of Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) in Inflammatory Breast Cancer in In Vivo and In Vitro Models

PubMed Central

Suarez-Arroyo, Ivette J.; Rosario-Acevedo, Raysa; Aguilar-Perez, Alexandra; Clemente, Pedro L.; Cubano, Luis A.; Serrano, Juan; Schneider, Robert J.; Martínez-Montemayor, Michelle M.

2013-01-01

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) was tested as a potential therapeutic for Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) using in vivo and in vitro IBC models. IBC is a lethal and aggressive form of breast cancer that manifests itself without a typical tumor mass. Studies show that IBC tissue biopsies overexpress E-cadherin and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI), two proteins that are partially responsible for the unique pathological properties of this disease. IBC is treated with a multimodal approach that includes non-targeted systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Because of its non-toxic and selective anti-cancer activity, medicinal mushroom extracts have received attention for their use in cancer therapy. Our previous studies demonstrate these selective anti-cancer effects of Reishi, where IBC cell viability and invasion, as well as the expression of key IBC molecules, including eIF4G is compromised. Thus, herein we define the mechanistic effects of Reishi focusing on the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a regulator of cell survival and growth. The present study demonstrates that Reishi treated IBC SUM-149 cells have reduced expression of mTOR downstream effectors at early treatment times, as we observe reduced eIF4G levels coupled with increased levels of eIF4E bound to 4E-BP, with consequential protein synthesis reduction. Severe combined immunodeficient mice injected with IBC cells treated with Reishi for 13 weeks show reduced tumor growth and weight by ∼50%, and Reishi treated tumors showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, mTOR, eIF4G, and p70S6K, and activity of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Our results provide evidence that Reishi suppresses protein synthesis and tumor growth by affecting survival and proliferative signaling pathways that act on translation, suggesting that Reishi is a potential natural therapeutic for breast and other cancers. PMID:23468988

Anti-tumor effects of Ganoderma lucidum (reishi) in inflammatory breast cancer in in vivo and in vitro models.

PubMed

Suarez-Arroyo, Ivette J; Rosario-Acevedo, Raysa; Aguilar-Perez, Alexandra; Clemente, Pedro L; Cubano, Luis A; Serrano, Juan; Schneider, Robert J; Martínez-Montemayor, Michelle M

2013-01-01

The medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) was tested as a potential therapeutic for Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) using in vivo and in vitro IBC models. IBC is a lethal and aggressive form of breast cancer that manifests itself without a typical tumor mass. Studies show that IBC tissue biopsies overexpress E-cadherin and the eukaryotic initiation factor 4GI (eIF4GI), two proteins that are partially responsible for the unique pathological properties of this disease. IBC is treated with a multimodal approach that includes non-targeted systemic chemotherapy, surgery, and radiation. Because of its non-toxic and selective anti-cancer activity, medicinal mushroom extracts have received attention for their use in cancer therapy. Our previous studies demonstrate these selective anti-cancer effects of Reishi, where IBC cell viability and invasion, as well as the expression of key IBC molecules, including eIF4G is compromised. Thus, herein we define the mechanistic effects of Reishi focusing on the phosphoinositide-3-kinase (PI3K)/AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway, a regulator of cell survival and growth. The present study demonstrates that Reishi treated IBC SUM-149 cells have reduced expression of mTOR downstream effectors at early treatment times, as we observe reduced eIF4G levels coupled with increased levels of eIF4E bound to 4E-BP, with consequential protein synthesis reduction. Severe combined immunodeficient mice injected with IBC cells treated with Reishi for 13 weeks show reduced tumor growth and weight by ∼50%, and Reishi treated tumors showed reduced expression of E-cadherin, mTOR, eIF4G, and p70S6K, and activity of extracellular regulated kinase (ERK1/2). Our results provide evidence that Reishi suppresses protein synthesis and tumor growth by affecting survival and proliferative signaling pathways that act on translation, suggesting that Reishi is a potential natural therapeutic for breast and other cancers.

Irregular breakfast consumption in adolescence and the family environment: underlying causes by family structure.

PubMed

Levin, Kate A; Kirby, Joanna

2012-08-01

Data from the 2002, 2006 and 2010 Scottish Health Behaviour in School-aged Children (HBSC) surveys were analysed using logistic multilevel regression for outcome variable irregular breakfast consumption (IBC). IBC prevalence in Scotland was higher among young people from reconstituted and single parent families, and particularly single father families. Family characteristics, found previously to be associated with breakfast consumption, such as number of siblings, perceived parenting, parental involvement and family affluence, differed by family structure. Family structure inequalities in IBC existed, also after adjustment for year and child's sex, age, grade and ethnicity. Across all family structures, IBC was more prevalent at the older age groups, among those who had difficult communication with their parents, and where household routines were infrequent. Greater number of siblings and lower family affluence were associated with higher odds of IBC in single mother and both parent families, while having a second home was associated with higher odds in reconstituted households. Fair parenting and being close to at least one parent was associated with reduced odds of IBC in single mother households, while being close to all parents was in single father households. In single mother homes, having a working mother was also positively associated with IBC. Family structure differences should be considered when addressing irregular breakfast consumption in adolescence. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Global Expansion of International Branch Campuses: Managerial and Leadership Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Jason E.

2011-01-01

In this chapter, the author outlines the growth of international branch campuses (IBCs) over the past fifty years and discusses some of the major management and leadership challenges associated with creating and sustaining IBCs. Part one of the chapter provides a discussion of the global expansion of IBCs. The second part focuses on the…

Institutional Ethos: Replicating the Student Experience

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wood, Cynthia Howman

2011-01-01

International branch campuses (IBCs) have been established in significant numbers over the past ten years. A common criticism of IBCs is that they cannot recreate the student culture of the home campus. While this is true, some IBCs have gone to great lengths not only to create a comparable culture for their students, but also to integrate their…

49 CFR 178.801 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... which differs in surface treatment; (ii) A rigid plastic IBC or composite IBC which differs with regard to additives used to comply with §§ 178.706(c), 178.707(c) or 178.710(c); (iii) A packaging which... representative of the type of service equipment that will be fitted to any finished IBC body under the design...

49 CFR 178.801 - General requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... which differs in surface treatment; (ii) A rigid plastic IBC or composite IBC which differs with regard to additives used to comply with §§ 178.706(c), 178.707(c) or 178.710(c); (iii) A packaging which... representative of the type of service equipment that will be fitted to any finished IBC body under the design...

Managing International Branch Campuses: What Do We Know?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healey, Nigel

2015-01-01

Over the last decade, the growth of the international branch campus (IBC) has been one of the most striking developments in the internationalisation of higher education. There are now over 200 IBCs across the world, mostly in the Middle East and East and South-east Asia. Despite the growing numbers of IBCs and the considerable financial and…

BIM-EL localization: The key to understanding anoikis resistance in inflammatory breast cancer cells.

PubMed

Buchheit, Cassandra L; Schafer, Zachary T

2016-01-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a highly metastatic and rare type of breast cancer, accounting for 2-6% of newly diagnosed breast cancer cases each year. The highly metastatic nature of IBC cells remains poorly understood. Here we describe our recent data regarding the ability of IBC cells to overcome anoikis.

49 CFR 173.35 - Hazardous materials in IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., cracks, cuts, or other damage which would render it unable to pass the prescribed design type test to... plastic or composite IBC may only be filled with a liquid having a vapor pressure less than or equal to... -57 portable tanks. (j) No IBC may be filled with a Packing Group I liquid. Rigid plastic, composite...

49 CFR 178.811 - Bottom lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... passing the test. For all IBC design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR... bottom lift test. The IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being...

49 CFR 173.35 - Hazardous materials in IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... plastic or composite IBC may only be filled with a liquid having a vapor pressure less than or equal to... -57 portable tanks. (j) No IBC may be filled with a Packing Group I liquid. Rigid plastic, composite... point of 60 °C (140 °F) (closed cup) or lower, or powders with the potential for dust explosion...

Influence of Interval Between Postharvest Lettuce Residue Management and Subsequent Seeding of Broccoli on Cabbage Maggot (Diptera: Anthomyiidae) Infestation on Broccoli.

PubMed

Joseph, Shimat V; Godfrey, Larry D; Bettiga, Christopher

2017-10-01

Larval stages of cabbage maggot, Delia radicum (L.) (Diptera: Anthomyiidae), attack the roots of Brassica crops and cause severe economic damage. In the Salinas Valley of California, Brassica crops are often planted after successive lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) crops. The interval between postharvest soil incorporation of lettuce residue and the subsequent Brassica crop can be as short as 7 d, which could influence D. radicum infestation on broccoli (Brassica oleracea var. italica Plenck). In 2014 and 2015, the effect of intervals between crops (IBC) on D. radicum infestation was evaluated. The treatments were 7, 20, 33, and 48 d IBC, and NL (no lettuce), 7, 21, 36, and 49 d IBC in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Insect counts and feeding damage on broccoli was assessed during 3-6 wk after planting. Adult Delia fly captures were significantly greater at 7 d than 36-49 d IBC in both years. In both years, D. radicum eggs collected were significantly greater at 7 d than at 33 d or 36 d IBC plots. Larvae collected were significantly greater at 7 d IBC than all other treatments in 2014, but not in 2015. Similarly, severity of feeding injury was significantly greater in 7 d than 33 d or 48 d IBC in 2014, but not in 2015. In 2015, broccoli with no prior lettuce had significantly lower Delia flies and D. radicum egg densities than 7 d or 21 d IBC. The implication of these results as a cultural control tactic for D. radicum infestation is discussed. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Entomological Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

GPR30 and estrogen receptor expression: new insights into hormone dependence of inflammatory breast cancer.

PubMed

Arias-Pulido, Hugo; Royce, Melanie; Gong, Yun; Joste, Nancy; Lomo, Lesley; Lee, Sang-Joon; Chaher, Nabila; Verschraegen, Claire; Lara, Juanita; Prossnitz, Eric R; Cristofanilli, Massimo

2010-08-01

GPR30 is a novel G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (ER) associated with metastases in breast cancer (BC) and poor survival in endometrial and ovarian tumors. The association of GPR30 expression with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), an aggressive and commonly hormone-independent form of BC, has not been studied. GPR30, ER, progesterone receptor (PR), epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and HER-2 expression were assessed by immunohistochemistry (and FISH for HER-2) in 88 primary IBCs. GPR30 expression was correlated with patient overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS), pathologic variables, and other biomarkers. GPR30 expression was found in 69% of IBC cases. ER, PR, HER-2, and EGFR were found in 43, 35, 39, and 34% of IBC cases, respectively. GPR30 expression correlated inversely with ER expression (P = 0.02). Co-expression of ER and GPR30 was found in 24% of IBC samples; 19% expressed only ER and 46% expressed only GPR30. Univariate analysis showed no association between GPR30 expression and OS or DFS. However, co-expression of ER and GPR30 was associated with improved OS (P < 0.03) and marginally with DFS (P < 0.06); the absence of both ER and GPR30 was associated with worse OS and DFS (P = 0.03 for both). Multivariate analysis identified ER as an independent prognostic factor of OS (P = 0.008) and DFS (P = 0.02). The majority of IBC tumors are GPR30-positive, suggesting that estrogen signaling may be active in ER-negative IBC patients. These findings suggest potential new therapeutic targets for IBC such as novel endocrine agents or direct modulation of GPR30.

Simple electrical model and initial experiments for intra-body communications.

PubMed

Gao, Y M; Pun, S H; Du, M; Mak, P U; Vai, M I

2009-01-01

Intra-Body Communication(IBC) is a short range "wireless" communication technique appeared in recent years. This technique relies on the conductive property of human tissue to transmit the electric signal among human body. This is beneficial for devices networking and sensors among human body, and especially suitable for wearable sensors, telemedicine system and home health care system as in general the data rates of physiologic parameters are low. In this article, galvanic coupling type IBC application on human limb was investigated in both its mathematical model and related experiments. The experimental results showed that the proposed mathematical model was capable in describing the galvanic coupling type IBC under low frequency. Additionally, the calculated result and experimental result also indicated that the electric signal induced by the transmitters of IBC can penetrate deep into human muscle and thus, provide an evident that IBC is capable of acting as networking technique for implantable devices.

49 CFR 174.63 - Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car tanks. 174.63 Section 174.63 Transportation Other....63 Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

49 CFR 174.63 - Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car tanks. 174.63 Section 174.63 Transportation Other....63 Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

49 CFR 174.63 - Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car tanks. 174.63 Section 174.63 Transportation Other....63 Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

49 CFR 174.63 - Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car tanks. 174.63 Section 174.63 Transportation Other....63 Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

49 CFR 174.63 - Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car tanks. 174.63 Section 174.63 Transportation Other....63 Portable tanks, IM portable tanks, IBCs, Large Packagings, cargo tanks, and multi-unit tank car...

The Challenges of Leading an International Branch Campus: The "Lived Experience" of In-Country Senior Managers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Healey, Nigel M.

2016-01-01

In recent years, an increasing number of major universities have set up international branch campuses (IBCs). There are now more than 200 IBCs, with more under development. Little is known about the unique challenges that face IBC managers, who are normally seconded from the home university to set up and operate the satellite campus in a new and…

Hyperactivated mTOR and JAK2/STAT3 Pathways: Molecular Drivers and Potential Therapeutic Targets of Inflammatory and Invasive Ductal Breast Cancers After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy.

PubMed

Jhaveri, Komal; Teplinsky, Eleonora; Silvera, Deborah; Valeta-Magara, Amanda; Arju, Rezina; Giashuddin, Shah; Sarfraz, Yasmeen; Alexander, Melissa; Darvishian, Farbod; Levine, Paul H; Hashmi, Salman; Zolfaghari, Ladan; Hoffman, Heather J; Singh, Baljit; Goldberg, Judith D; Hochman, Tsivia; Formenti, Silvia; Esteva, Francisco J; Moran, Meena S; Schneider, Robert J

2016-04-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive and rare cancer with a poor prognosis and a need for novel targeted therapeutic strategies. Preclinical IBC data showed strong activation of the phosphatidylinositide-3-kinase/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Janus kinase (JAK)/signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathways, and expression of inflammatory cytokines and tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs). Archival tumor tissue from 3 disease types (IBC treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy [NAC], n = 45; invasive ductal carcinoma [IDC] treated with NAC [n = 24; 'treated IDC'; and untreated IDC [n = 27; 'untreated IDC']) was analyzed for the expression of biomarkers phospho-S6 (pS6) (mTOR), phospho-JAK2 (pJAK2), pSTAT3, interleukin (IL)-6, CD68 (monocytes, macrophages), and CD163 (TAMs). Surrounding nontumor tissue was also analyzed. Biomarker levels and surrogate activity according to site-specific phosphorylation were shown in the tumor tissue of all 3 disease types but were greatest in IBC and treated IDC and least in untreated IDC for pS6, pJAK2, pSTAT3, and IL-6. Of 37 IBC patients with complete biomarker data available, 100% were pS6-positive and 95% were pJAK2-positive. In nontumor tissue, biomarker levels were observed in all groups but were generally greatest in untreated IDC and least in IBC, except for JAK2. IBC and treated IDC display similar levels of mTOR and JAK2 biomarker activation, which suggests a potential mechanism of resistance after NAC. Biomarker levels in surrounding nontumor tissue suggested that the stroma might be activated by chemotherapy and resembles the oncogenic tumor-promoting environment. Activation of pS6 and pJAK2 in IBC might support dual targeting of the mTOR and JAK/STAT pathways, and the need for prospective studies to investigate combined targeted therapies in IBC. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Implementation of a Helicopter Flight Simulator with Individual Blade Control

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zinchiak, Andrew G.

2011-12-01

Nearly all modern helicopters are designed with a swashplate-based system for control of the main rotor blades. However, the swashplate-based approach does not provide the level of redundancy necessary to cope with abnormal actuator conditions. For example, if an actuator fails (becomes locked) on the main rotor, the cyclic inputs are consequently fixed and the helicopter may become stuck in a flight maneuver. This can obviously be seen as a catastrophic failure, and would likely lead to a crash. These types of failures can be overcome with the application of individual blade control (IBC). IBC is achieved using the blade pitch control method, which provides complete authority of the aerodynamic characteristics of each rotor blade at any given time by replacing the normally rigid pitch links between the swashplate and the pitch horn of the blade with hydraulic or electronic actuators. Thus, IBC can provide the redundancy necessary for subsystem failure accommodation. In this research effort, a simulation environment is developed to investigate the potential of the IBC main rotor configuration for fault-tolerant control. To examine the applications of IBC to failure scenarios and fault-tolerant controls, a conventional, swashplate-based linear model is first developed for hover and forward flight scenarios based on the UH-60 Black Hawk helicopter. The linear modeling techniques for the swashplate-based helicopter are then adapted and expanded to include IBC. Using these modified techniques, an IBC based mathematical model of the UH-60 helicopter is developed for the purposes of simulation and analysis. The methodology can be used to model and implement a different aircraft if geometric, gravimetric, and general aerodynamic data are available. Without the kinetic restrictions of the swashplate, the IBC model effectively decouples the cyclic control inputs between different blades. Simulations of the IBC model prove that the primary control functions can be manually reconfigured after local actuator failures are initiated, thus preventing a catastrophic failure or crash. Furthermore, this simulator promises to be a useful tool for the design, testing, and analysis of fault-tolerant control laws.

A finite-element simulation of galvanic coupling intra-body communication based on the whole human body.

PubMed

Song, Yong; Zhang, Kai; Hao, Qun; Hu, Lanxin; Wang, Jingwen; Shang, Fuzhou

2012-10-09

Simulation based on the finite-element (FE) method plays an important role in the investigation of intra-body communication (IBC). In this paper, a finite-element model of the whole body model used for the IBC simulation is proposed and verified, while the FE simulation of the galvanic coupling IBC with different signal transmission paths has been achieved. Firstly, a novel finite-element method for modeling the whole human body is proposed, and a FE model of the whole human body used for IBC simulation was developed. Secondly, the simulations of the galvanic coupling IBC with the different signal transmission paths were implemented. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by using in vivo measurements within the frequency range of 10 kHz-5 MHz, whereby some important conclusions were deduced. Our results indicate that the proposed method will offer significant advantages in the investigation of the galvanic coupling intra-body communication.

A Finite-Element Simulation of Galvanic Coupling Intra-Body Communication Based on the Whole Human Body

PubMed Central

Song, Yong; Zhang, Kai; Hao, Qun; Hu, Lanxin; Wang, Jingwen; Shang, Fuzhou

2012-01-01

Simulation based on the finite-element (FE) method plays an important role in the investigation of intra-body communication (IBC). In this paper, a finite-element model of the whole body model used for the IBC simulation is proposed and verified, while the FE simulation of the galvanic coupling IBC with different signal transmission paths has been achieved. Firstly, a novel finite-element method for modeling the whole human body is proposed, and a FE model of the whole human body used for IBC simulation was developed. Secondly, the simulations of the galvanic coupling IBC with the different signal transmission paths were implemented. Finally, the feasibility of the proposed method was verified by using in vivo measurements within the frequency range of 10 kHz–5 MHz, whereby some important conclusions were deduced. Our results indicate that the proposed method will offer significant advantages in the investigation of the galvanic coupling intra-body communication. PMID:23202010

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Loveland-Jones, Catherine; Lin, Heather; Shen, Yu

Purpose: Although radiation therapy improves locoregional control and survival for inflammatory breast cancer (IBC), it is underused in this population. The purpose of this study was to identify variables associated with the underuse of postmastectomy radiation therapy (PMRT) for IBC. Methods and Materials: Using the 1998 to 2011 National Cancer Data Base, we identified 8273 women who underwent mastectomy for nonmetastatic IBC. We used logistic regression modeling to determine the demographic, tumor, and treatment variables associated with the underuse of PMRT. Results: Although the use of PMRT increased over time, a total of 30.3% of our cohort did not receivemore » PMRT. On multivariate analysis, variables associated with the underuse of PMRT for IBC included the following (all P<.05): Medicare insurance (odds ratio [OR] = 0.70), annual income <$34,999 (<$30,000: OR=0.79; $30,000-$34,999: OR=0.82), cN2 and cN0 disease (cN2: OR=0.71; cN0: OR=0.63), failure to receive chemotherapy and hormone therapy (chemotherapy: OR=0.15; hormone therapy: OR=0.35), treatment at lower-volume centers (OR=0.83), and treatment in the South and West (South: OR=0.73; West: OR=0.80). Greater distance between patient's residence and radiation facility was also associated with the underuse of PMRT (P=.0001). Conclusions: Although the use of PMRT for IBC has increased over time, it continues to be underused. Disparities related to a variety of variables impact which IBC patients receive PMRT. A concerted effort must be made to address these disparities in order to optimize the outcomes for IBC.« less

Survival of women with inflammatory breast cancer: a large population-based study.

PubMed

Dawood, S; Lei, X; Dent, R; Gupta, S; Sirohi, B; Cortes, J; Cristofanilli, M; Buchholz, T; Gonzalez-Angulo, A M

2014-06-01

Our group has previously reported that women with inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) continue to have worse outcome compared with those with non-IBC. We undertook this population-based study to see if there have been improvements in survival among women with stage III IBC, over time. We searched the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Registry to identify female patients diagnosed with stage III IBC between 1990 and 2010. Patients were divided into four groups according to year of diagnosis: 1990-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2010. Breast cancer-specific survival (BCSS) was estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method and compared across groups using the log-rank test. Cox models were then fit to determine the association of year of diagnosis and BCSS after adjusting for patient and tumor characteristics. A total of 7679 patients with IBC were identified of whom 1084 patients (14.1%) were diagnosed between 1990 and 1995, 1614 patients (21.0%) between 1996 and 2000, 2683 patients (34.9%) between 2001 and 2005, and 2298 patients (29.9%) between 2006 and 2010. The 2-year BCSS for the whole cohort was 71%. Two-year BCSS were 62%, 67%, 72%, and 76% for patients diagnosed between 1990-1995, 1996-2000, 2001-2005, and 2006-2010, respectively (P < 0.0001). In the multivariable analysis, increasing year of diagnosis (modeled as a continuous variable) was associated with decreasing risks of death from breast cancer (HR = 0.98, 95% confidence interval 0.97-0.99, P < 0.0001). There has been a significant improvement in survival of patients diagnosed with IBC over a two-decade time span in this large population-based study. This suggests that therapeutic strategies researched and evolved in the context of non-IBC have also had a positive impact in women with IBC. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society for Medical Oncology. All rights reserved. For permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Multilayer limb quasi-static electromagnetic modeling with experiments for Galvanic coupling type IBC.

PubMed

Pun, S H; Gao, Y M; Mou, P A; Mak, P U; Vai, M I; Du, M

2010-01-01

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a new, emerging, short-range and human body based communication methodology. It is a technique to network various devices on human body, by utilizing the conducting properties of human tissues. For currently fast developed Body area network(BAN)/Body sensor network(BSN), IBC is believed to have advantages in power consumption, electromagnetic radiation, interference from external electromagnetic noise, security, and restriction in spectrum resource. In this article, the authors propose an improved mathematical model, which includes both electrical properties and proportion of human tissues, for IBC on a human limb. By solving the mathematical model analytically on four-layer system (skin, fat, muscle, and bone) and conducting in-vivo experiment, a comparison has been conducted.

Population Dynamics and Niche Distribution of Uropathogenic Escherichia coli during Acute and Chronic Urinary Tract Infection ▿ †

PubMed Central

Schwartz, Drew J.; Chen, Swaine L.; Hultgren, Scott J.; Seed, Patrick C.

2011-01-01

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) have complex dynamics, with uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), the major causative agent, capable of colonization from the urethra to the kidneys in both extracellular and intracellular niches while also producing chronic persistent infections and frequent recurrent disease. In mouse and human bladders, UPEC invades the superficial epithelium, and some bacteria enter the cytoplasm to rapidly replicate into intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) comprised of ∼104 bacteria each. Through IBC formation, UPEC expands in numbers while subverting aspects of the innate immune response. Within 12 h of murine bladder infection, half of the bacteria are intracellular, with 3 to 700 IBCs formed. Using mixed infections with green fluorescent protein (GFP) and wild-type (WT) UPEC, we discovered that each IBC is clonally derived from a single bacterium. Genetically tagged UPEC and a multiplex PCR assay were employed to investigate the distribution of UPEC throughout urinary tract niches over time. In the first 24 h postinfection (hpi), the fraction of tags dramatically decreased in the bladder and kidney, while the number of CFU increased. The percentage of tags detected at 6 hpi correlated to the number of IBCs produced, which closely matched a calculated multinomial distribution based on IBC clonality. The fraction of tags remaining thereafter depended on UTI outcome, which ranged from resolution of infection with or without quiescent intracellular reservoirs (QIRs) to the development of chronic cystitis as defined by persistent bacteriuria. Significantly more tags remained in mice that developed chronic cystitis, arguing that during the acute stages of infection, a higher number of IBCs precedes chronic cystitis than precedes QIR formation. PMID:21807904

Intracellular Bacteria in the Pathogenesis of Escherichia coli Urinary Tract Infection in Children

PubMed Central

Robino, Luciana; Scavone, Paola; Araujo, Lucia; Algorta, Gabriela; Zunino, Pablo; Pírez, María Catalina; Vignoli, Rafael

2014-01-01

Background. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The classic model of pathogenesis proposes the ascent of UPEC by the urethra and external adherence to the urothelium. Recently, the ability of UPEC to invade urothelial cells and to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) has been described. Methods. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of intracellular bacteria (IB) in children with UTI caused by E. coli and to characterize its virulence attributes and its relation with clinical outcomes. One hundred thirty-three children with E. coli UTI who attended a reference children's hospital between June and November 2012 were included. Urine samples were analyzed by optical and confocal microscopy looking for exfoliated urothelial cells with IB. Phylogenetic group and 24 virulence factors of UPEC were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Medical records were analyzed. Results. The presence of IB was detected in 49 of 133 (36.8%) samples by confocal microscopy, in 30 cases as IBC, and in 19 as isolated intracellular bacteria (IIB). Only 50% of these cases could be detected by light microscopy. Seventy-four medical records were analyzed, 34 with IBC/IIB, 40 without IB. Any virulence gene was associated with IBC/IIB. The presence of IBC/IIB was associated with recurrent UTI (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3–9; P = .017), especially in children without urinary tract functional or morphological abnormalities (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 2.3–27.4; P = .000). IBCs were associated with lower urinary tract syndrome (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1–11.8; P = .05) and absence of fever (P = .009). Conclusions. IBCs/IIB could explain a high proportion of children with recurrent UTI. PMID:25091303

49 CFR 178.803 - Testing and certification of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Vibration 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 1.5 X Bottom lift 2 X X X X X Top lift 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 5 X Stacking 7 X 7 X 7 X... X Righting 2 5 X Tear 5 X 1 Flexible IBCs must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. 2 This... each test. 6 The vibration test may be performed in another order for IBCs manufactured and tested...

49 CFR 178.803 - Testing and certification of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Vibration 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 1.5 X Bottom lift 2 X X X X X Top lift 2 X 2 X 2 X 2,5 X Stacking 7 X 7 X 7 X... X Righting 2,5 X Tear 5 X 1 Flexible IBCs must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. 2 This... each test. 6 The vibration test may be performed in another order for IBCs manufactured and tested...

49 CFR 178.803 - Testing and certification of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Vibration 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 1.5 X Bottom lift 2 X X X X X Top lift 2 X 2 X 2 X 2 5 X Stacking 7 X 7 X 7 X... X Righting 2 5 X Tear 5 X 1 Flexible IBCs must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. 2 This... each test. 6 The vibration test may be performed in another order for IBCs manufactured and tested...

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) inhibits cancer cell growth and expression of key molecules in inflammatory breast cancer.

PubMed

Martínez-Montemayor, Michelle M; Acevedo, Raysa Rosario; Otero-Franqui, Elisa; Cubano, Luis A; Dharmawardhane, Suranganie F

2011-01-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal and least understood form of advanced breast cancer. Its lethality originates from its nature of invading the lymphatic system and absence of a palpable tumor mass. Different from other metastatic breast cancer cells, IBC cells invade by forming tumor spheroids that retain E-cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions. Herein we describe the potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) as an attractive candidate for anti-IBC therapy. Reishi contains biological compounds that are cytotoxic against cancer cells. We report the effects of Reishi on viability, apoptosis, invasion, and its mechanism of action in IBC cells (SUM-149). Results show that Reishi selectively inhibits cancer cell viability although it does not affect the viability of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Apoptosis induction is consistent with decreased cell viability. Reishi inhibits cell invasion and disrupts the cell spheroids that are characteristic of the IBC invasive pathology. Reishi decreases the expression of genes involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation (BCL-2, TERT, PDGFB), and invasion and metastasis (MMP-9), whereas it increases the expression of IL8. Reishi reduces BCL-2, BCL-XL, E-cadherin, eIF4G, p120-catenin, and c-Myc protein expression and gelatinase activity. These findings suggest that Reishi is an effective anti-IBC therapeutic.

Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) Inhibits Cancer Cell Growth and Expression of Key Molecules in Inflammatory Breast Cancer

PubMed Central

Martínez-Montemayor, Michelle M.; Acevedo, Raysa Rosario; Otero-Franqui, Elisa; Cubano, Luis. A.; Dharmawardhane, Suranganie F.

2011-01-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most lethal and least understood form of advanced breast cancer. Its lethality originates from its nature of invading the lymphatic system and absence of a palpable tumor mass. Different from other metastatic breast cancer cells, IBC cells invade by forming tumor spheroids that retain E-cadherin-based cell–cell adhesions. Herein we describe the potential of the medicinal mushroom Ganoderma lucidum (Reishi) as an attractive candidate for anti-IBC therapy. Reishi contains biological compounds that are cytotoxic against cancer cells. We report the effects of Reishi on viability, apoptosis, invasion, and its mechanism of action in IBC cells (SUM-149). Results show that Reishi selectively inhibits cancer cell viability although it does not affect the viability of noncancerous mammary epithelial cells. Apoptosis induction is consistent with decreased cell viability. Reishi inhibits cell invasion and disrupts the cell spheroids that are characteristic of the IBC invasive pathology. Reishi decreases the expression of genes involved in cancer cell survival and proliferation (BCL-2, TERT, PDGFB), and invasion and metastasis (MMP-9), whereas it increases the expression of IL8. Reishi reduces BCL-2, BCL-XL, E-cadherin, eIF4G, p120-catenin, and c-Myc protein expression and gelatinase activity. These findings suggest that Reishi is an effective anti-IBC therapeutic. PMID:21888505

MicroRNA expression in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer.

PubMed

Rohan, Thomas; Ye, Kenny; Wang, Yihong; Glass, Andrew G; Ginsberg, Mindy; Loudig, Olivier

2018-01-01

MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by directing their target mRNAs for degradation and/or posttranscriptional repression. Abnormal expression of microRNAs is thought to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. A history of benign breast disease (BBD) is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. However, no large-scale study has examined the association between microRNA expression in BBD tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC). We conducted discovery and validation case-control studies nested in a cohort of 15,395 women diagnosed with BBD in a large health plan between 1971 and 2006 and followed to mid-2015. Cases were women with BBD who developed subsequent IBC; controls were matched 1:1 to cases on age, age at diagnosis of BBD, and duration of plan membership. The discovery stage (316 case-control pairs) entailed use of the Illumina MicroRNA Expression Profiling Assay (in duplicate) to identify breast cancer-associated microRNAs. MicroRNAs identified at this stage were ranked by the strength of the correlation between Illumina array and quantitative PCR results for 15 case-control pairs. The top ranked 14 microRNAs entered the validation stage (165 case-control pairs) which was conducted using quantitative PCR (in triplicate). In both stages, linear regression was used to evaluate the association between the mean expression level of each microRNA (response variable) and case-control status (independent variable); paired t-tests were also used in the validation stage. None of the 14 validation stage microRNAs was associated with breast cancer risk. The results of this study suggest that microRNA expression in benign breast tissue does not influence the risk of subsequent IBC.

MicroRNA expression in benign breast tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer

PubMed Central

Ye, Kenny; Wang, Yihong; Ginsberg, Mindy; Loudig, Olivier

2018-01-01

MicroRNAs are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs that control gene expression by directing their target mRNAs for degradation and/or posttranscriptional repression. Abnormal expression of microRNAs is thought to contribute to the development and progression of cancer. A history of benign breast disease (BBD) is associated with increased risk of subsequent breast cancer. However, no large-scale study has examined the association between microRNA expression in BBD tissue and risk of subsequent invasive breast cancer (IBC). We conducted discovery and validation case-control studies nested in a cohort of 15,395 women diagnosed with BBD in a large health plan between 1971 and 2006 and followed to mid-2015. Cases were women with BBD who developed subsequent IBC; controls were matched 1:1 to cases on age, age at diagnosis of BBD, and duration of plan membership. The discovery stage (316 case-control pairs) entailed use of the Illumina MicroRNA Expression Profiling Assay (in duplicate) to identify breast cancer-associated microRNAs. MicroRNAs identified at this stage were ranked by the strength of the correlation between Illumina array and quantitative PCR results for 15 case-control pairs. The top ranked 14 microRNAs entered the validation stage (165 case-control pairs) which was conducted using quantitative PCR (in triplicate). In both stages, linear regression was used to evaluate the association between the mean expression level of each microRNA (response variable) and case-control status (independent variable); paired t-tests were also used in the validation stage. None of the 14 validation stage microRNAs was associated with breast cancer risk. The results of this study suggest that microRNA expression in benign breast tissue does not influence the risk of subsequent IBC. PMID:29432432

Ion Implantation with in-situ Patterning for IBC Solar Cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Graff, John W.

2014-10-24

Interdigitated back-side Contact (IBC) solar cells are the highest efficiency silicon solar cells currently on the market. Unfortunately the cost to produce these solar cells is also very high, due to the large number of processing steps required. Varian believes that only the combination of high efficiency and low cost can meet the stated goal of $1/Wp. The core of this program has been to develop an in-situ patterning capability for an ion implantation system capable of producing patterned doped regions for IBC solar cells. Such a patterning capable ion implanter can reduce the number of process steps required tomore » manufacture IBC cells, and therefore significantly reduce the cost. The present program was organized into three phases. Phase I was to select a patterning approach and determine the patterning requirements for IBC cells. Phase II consists of construction of a Beta ion implantation system containing in-situ patterning capability. Phase III consists of shipping and installation of the ion implant system in a customer factory where it will be tested and proven in a pilot production line.« less

Positive Association of Fibroadenomatoid Change with HER2-Negative Invasive Breast Cancer: A Co-Occurrence Study

PubMed Central

Kovatich, Albert J.; Hooke, Jeffrey A.; Liu, Jianfang; Kvecher, Leonid; Fantacone-Campbell, J. Leigh; Mitchell, Edith P.; Rui, Hallgeir; Shriver, Craig D.; Hu, Hai

2015-01-01

Background Risk assessment of a benign breast disease/lesion (BBD) for invasive breast cancer (IBC) is typically done through a longitudinal study. For an infrequently-reported BBD, the shortage of occurrence data alone is a limiting factor to conducting such a study. Here we present an approach based on co-occurrence analysis, to help address this issue. We focus on fibroadenomatoid change (FAC), an under-studied BBD, as our preliminary analysis has suggested its previously unknown significant co-occurrence with IBC. Methods A cohort of 1667 female patients enrolled in the Clinical Breast Care Project was identified. A single experienced breast pathologist reviewed all pathology slides for each case and recorded all observed lesions, including FAC. Fibroadenoma (FA) was studied for comparison since FAC had been speculated to be an immature FA. FA and Fibrocystic Changes (FCC) were used for method validation since they have been comprehensively studied. Six common IBC and BBD risk/protective factors were also studied. Co-occurrence analyses were performed using logistic regression models. Results Common risk/protective factors were associated with FA, FCC, and IBC in ways consistent with the literature in general, and they were associated with FAC, FA, and FCC in distinct patterns. Age was associated with FAC in a bell-shape curve so that middle-aged women were more likely to have FAC. We report for the first time that FAC is positively associated with IBC with odds ratio (OR) depending on BMI (OR = 6.78, 95%CI = 3.43-13.42 at BMI<25 kg/m2; OR = 2.13, 95%CI = 1.20-3.80 at BMI>25 kg/m2). This association is only significant with HER2-negative IBC subtypes. Conclusions We conclude that FAC is a candidate risk factor for HER2-negative IBCs, and it is a distinct disease from FA. Co-occurrence analysis can be used for initial assessment of the risk for IBC from a BBD, which is vital to the study of infrequently-reported BBDs. PMID:26098961

Investigation of Rotor Performance and Loads of a UH-60A Individual Blade Control System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yeo, Hyeonsoo; Romander, Ethan A.; Norman, Thomas R.

2010-01-01

A full-scale wind tunnel test was recently conducted (March 2009) in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-FootWind Tunnel to evaluate the potential of an individual blade control (IBC) system to improve rotor performance and reduce vibrations, loads, and noise for a UH-60A rotor system [1]. This test was the culmination of a long-termcollaborative effort between NASA, U.S. Army, Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, and ZF Luftfahrttechnik GmbH (ZFL) to demonstrate the benefits of IBC for a UH-60Arotor. Figure 1 shows the UH-60Arotor and IBC system mounted on the NFAC Large Rotor Test Apparatus (LRTA). The IBC concept used in the current study utilizes actuators placed in the rotating frame, one per blade. In particular, the pitch link of the rotor blade was replacedwith an actuator, so that the blade root pitch can be changed independently. This concept, designed for a full-scale UH-60A rotor, was previously tested in the NFAC 80- by 120-FootWind Tunnel in September 2001 at speeds up to 85 knots [2]. For the current test, the same UH-60A rotor and IBC system were tested in the 40- by 80-FootWind Tunnel at speeds up to 170 knots. Figure 2 shows the servo-hydraulic IBC actuator installed between the swashplate and the blade pitch horn. Although previous wind tunnel experiments [3, 4] and analytical studies on IBC [5, 6] have shown the promise to improve the rotor s performance, in-depth correlation studies have not been performed. Thus, the current test provides a unique resource that can be used to assess the accuracy and reliability of prediction methods and refine theoretical models, with the ultimate goal of providing the technology for timely and cost-effective design and development of new rotors. In this paper, rotor performance and loads calculations are carried out using the analyses CAMRAD II and coupled OVERFLOW-2/CAMRAD II and the results are compared with these UH-60A/IBC wind tunnel test data.

Noninvasive Quantitative Imaging of Collagen Microstructure in Three-Dimensional Hydrogels Using High-Frequency Ultrasound

PubMed Central

Mercado, Karla P.; Helguera, María; Hocking, Denise C.

2015-01-01

Collagen I is widely used as a natural component of biomaterials for both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The physical and biological properties of fibrillar collagens are strongly tied to variations in collagen fiber microstructure. The goal of this study was to develop the use of high-frequency quantitative ultrasound to assess collagen microstructure within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels noninvasively and nondestructively. The integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) was employed as a quantitative ultrasound parameter to detect, image, and quantify spatial variations in collagen fiber density and diameter. Collagen fiber microstructure was varied by fabricating hydrogels with different collagen concentrations or polymerization temperatures. IBC values were computed from measurements of the backscattered radio-frequency ultrasound signals collected using a single-element transducer (38-MHz center frequency, 13–47 MHz bandwidth). The IBC increased linearly with increasing collagen concentration and decreasing polymerization temperature. Parametric 3D images of the IBC were generated to visualize and quantify regional variations in collagen microstructure throughout the volume of hydrogels fabricated in standard tissue culture plates. IBC parametric images of corresponding cell-embedded collagen gels showed cell accumulation within regions having elevated collagen IBC values. The capability of this ultrasound technique to noninvasively detect and quantify spatial differences in collagen microstructure offers a valuable tool to monitor the structural properties of collagen scaffolds during fabrication, to detect functional differences in collagen microstructure, and to guide fundamental research on the interactions of cells and collagen matrices. PMID:25517512

Noninvasive Quantitative Imaging of Collagen Microstructure in Three-Dimensional Hydrogels Using High-Frequency Ultrasound.

PubMed

Mercado, Karla P; Helguera, María; Hocking, Denise C; Dalecki, Diane

2015-07-01

Collagen I is widely used as a natural component of biomaterials for both tissue engineering and regenerative medicine applications. The physical and biological properties of fibrillar collagens are strongly tied to variations in collagen fiber microstructure. The goal of this study was to develop the use of high-frequency quantitative ultrasound to assess collagen microstructure within three-dimensional (3D) hydrogels noninvasively and nondestructively. The integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) was employed as a quantitative ultrasound parameter to detect, image, and quantify spatial variations in collagen fiber density and diameter. Collagen fiber microstructure was varied by fabricating hydrogels with different collagen concentrations or polymerization temperatures. IBC values were computed from measurements of the backscattered radio-frequency ultrasound signals collected using a single-element transducer (38-MHz center frequency, 13-47 MHz bandwidth). The IBC increased linearly with increasing collagen concentration and decreasing polymerization temperature. Parametric 3D images of the IBC were generated to visualize and quantify regional variations in collagen microstructure throughout the volume of hydrogels fabricated in standard tissue culture plates. IBC parametric images of corresponding cell-embedded collagen gels showed cell accumulation within regions having elevated collagen IBC values. The capability of this ultrasound technique to noninvasively detect and quantify spatial differences in collagen microstructure offers a valuable tool to monitor the structural properties of collagen scaffolds during fabrication, to detect functional differences in collagen microstructure, and to guide fundamental research on the interactions of cells and collagen matrices.

MiR-33a Decreases High-Density Lipoprotein-Induced Radiation Sensitivity in Breast Cancer

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wolfe, Adam R.; Bambhroliya, Arvind; Morgan Welch Inflammatory Breast Cancer Research Program and Clinic, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas

Purpose: We previously showed that high-density lipoprotein (HDL) radiosensitizes inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) cells in vitro and is associated with better local control after radiation therapy in IBC patients. The microRNA miR-33 family negatively regulates the adenosine triphosphate binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 1. We hypothesized that variations in miR-33a expression in IBC cancer cells versus non-IBC cells would correlate with radiation sensitivity following exposure to HDL in vitro. Methods and Materials: MiR-33a expression was analyzed by reverse transcriptase–polymerase chain reaction in 4 cell lines representing common clinical breast cancer subtypes. Overexpression and knockdown of miR-33a was demonstrated via transfection of anmore » miR-33a mimic or an anti-miR-33a construct in high- and low-expressing miR-33a cell lines. Clonogenic survival in vitro in these cells was quantified at baseline and following HDL treatment. MiR-33a expression on distant relapse-free survival (DRFS) of 210 cases downloaded from the Oxford breast cancer dataset was determined. Results: Expression levels of miR-33a were lower in IBC cell lines and IBC tumor samples than in non-IBC cell lines and normal breast tissue. Cholesterol concentrations in the cell membranes were higher in IBC cells than in non-IBC cells. Clonogenic survival following 24 hours of HDL treatment was decreased in response to irradiation in the low-miR-33a–expressing cell lines SUM149 and KPL4, but survival following HDL treatment decreased in the high-miR-33a–expressing cell lines MDA-MB-231 and SUM159. In the high-miR-33a–expressing cell lines, anti-miR-33a transfection decreased radiation resistance in clonogenic assays. Conversely, in the low-miR-33a–expressing cell lines, the miR-33a mimic reversed the HDL-induced radiation sensitization. Breast cancer patients in the top quartile based on miR-33a expression had markedly lower rates of DRFS than the bottom quartile (P=.0228, log-rank test). For breast cancer patients treated with radiation, high miR-33a expression predicted worse overall survival (P=.06). Conclusions: Our results reveal miR-33a negatively regulates HDL-induced radiation sensitivity in breast cancer.« less

A relativistic type Ibc supernova without a detected gamma-ray burst.

PubMed

Soderberg, A M; Chakraborti, S; Pignata, G; Chevalier, R A; Chandra, P; Ray, A; Wieringa, M H; Copete, A; Chaplin, V; Connaughton, V; Barthelmy, S D; Bietenholz, M F; Chugai, N; Stritzinger, M D; Hamuy, M; Fransson, C; Fox, O; Levesque, E M; Grindlay, J E; Challis, P; Foley, R J; Kirshner, R P; Milne, P A; Torres, M A P

2010-01-28

Long duration gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) mark the explosive death of some massive stars and are a rare sub-class of type Ibc supernovae. They are distinguished by the production of an energetic and collimated relativistic outflow powered by a central engine (an accreting black hole or neutron star). Observationally, this outflow is manifested in the pulse of gamma-rays and a long-lived radio afterglow. Until now, central-engine-driven supernovae have been discovered exclusively through their gamma-ray emission, yet it is expected that a larger population goes undetected because of limited satellite sensitivity or beaming of the collimated emission away from our line of sight. In this framework, the recovery of undetected GRBs may be possible through radio searches for type Ibc supernovae with relativistic outflows. Here we report the discovery of luminous radio emission from the seemingly ordinary type Ibc SN 2009bb, which requires a substantial relativistic outflow powered by a central engine. A comparison with our radio survey of type Ibc supernovae reveals that the fraction harbouring central engines is low, about one per cent, measured independently from, but consistent with, the inferred rate of nearby GRBs. Independently, a second mildly relativistic supernova has been reported.

Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for use During the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theodore, Colin R.

2010-01-01

A full-scale wind tunnel test to evaluate the effects of Individual Blade Control (IBC) on the performance, vibration, noise and loads of a UH-60A rotor was recently completed in the National Full-Scale Aerodynamics Complex (NFAC) 40- by 80-Foot Wind Tunnel [1]. A key component of this wind tunnel test was an automatic rotor trim control system that allowed the rotor trim state to be set more precisely, quickly and repeatably than was possible with the rotor operator setting the trim condition manually. The trim control system was also able to maintain the desired trim condition through changes in IBC actuation both in open- and closed-loop IBC modes, and through long-period transients in wind tunnel flow. This ability of the trim control system to automatically set and maintain a steady rotor trim enabled the effects of different IBC inputs to be compared at common trim conditions and to perform these tests quickly without requiring the rotor operator to re-trim the rotor. The trim control system described in this paper was developed specifically for use during the IBC wind tunnel test

Isobavachalcone inhibits post-entry stages of the porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus life cycle.

PubMed

Wang, Hai-Ming; Liu, Tian-Xin; Wang, Tong-Yun; Wang, Gang; Liu, Yong-Gang; Liu, Si-Guo; Tang, Yan-Dong; Cai, Xue-Hui

2018-05-01

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a pathogen of great economic significance that impacts the swine industry globally. Since the first report of a porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) outbreak, tremendous efforts to control this disease, including various national policies and plans incorporating the use of multiple modified live-virus vaccines, have been made. However, PRRSV is still a significant threat to the swine industry, and new variants continually emerge as a result of PRRSV evolution. Several studies have shown that pandemic PRRSV strains have enormous genetic diversity and that commercial vaccines can only provide partial protection against these strains. Therefore, effective anti-PRRSV drugs may be more suitable and reliable for PRRSV control. In this study, we observed that isobavachalcone (IBC), which was first isolated from Psoralea corylifolia, had potent anti-PRRSV activity in vitro. Although many biological activities of IBC have been reported, this is the first report describing the antiviral activity of IBC. Furthermore, after a systematic investigation, we demonstrated that IBC inhibits PRRSV replication at the post-entry stage of PRRSV infection. Thus, IBC may be a candidate for further evaluation as a therapeutic agent against PRRSV infection of swine in vivo.

Characterization of hypersensitive resistance to bacterial spot race T3 (Xanthomonas perforans) from tomato accession PI 128216.

PubMed

Robbins, Matthew D; Darrigues, Audrey; Sim, Sung-Chur; Masud, Mohammed Abu Taher; Francis, David M

2009-09-01

Bacterial spot of tomato is caused by four species of Xanthomonas. The accession PI 128216 (Solanum pimpinellifolium) displays a hypersensitive reaction (HR) to race T3 strains (predominantely Xanthomonas perforans). We developed an inbred backcross (IBC) population (BC(2)S(5), 178 families) derived from PI 128216 and OH88119 (S. lycopersicum) as the susceptible recurrent parent for simultaneous introgression and genetic analysis of the HR response. These IBC families were evaluated in the greenhouse for HR to race T3 strain Xcv761. The IBC population was genotyped with molecular markers distributed throughout the genome in order to identify candidate loci conferring resistance. We treated the IBC population as a hypothesis forming generation to guide validation in subsequent crosses. Nonparametric analysis identified an association between HR and markers clustered on chromosome 11 (P < 0.05 to 0.0001) and chromosome 6 (0.04 > P > 0.002). Further analysis of the IBC population suggested that markers on chromosome 6 and 11 failed to assort independently, a phenomenon known as gametic phase disequilibrium. Therefore, to validate marker-trait linkages, resistant IBC plants were crossed with OH88119 and BC(3)F(2) progeny were evaluated for HR in the greenhouse. In these subsequent populations, the HR response was associated with the chromosome 11 markers (P < 0.0002) but not with the markers on chromosome 6 (P > 0.25). Independent F(2) families were developed by crossing resistant IBC lines to OH8245, OH88119, and OH7530. These populations were genotyped, organized into classes based on chromosome 11 markers, and evaluated for resistance in the field. The PI 128216 locus on chromosome 11 provided resistance that was dependent on gene dosage and genetic background. These results define a single locus, Rx-4, from PI 128216, which provides resistance to bacterial spot race T3, has additive gene action, and is located on chromosome 11.

Intracellular bacteria in the pathogenesis of Escherichia coli urinary tract infection in children.

PubMed

Robino, Luciana; Scavone, Paola; Araujo, Lucia; Algorta, Gabriela; Zunino, Pablo; Pírez, María Catalina; Vignoli, Rafael

2014-12-01

Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC) is the most common agent of urinary tract infection (UTI). The classic model of pathogenesis proposes the ascent of UPEC by the urethra and external adherence to the urothelium. Recently, the ability of UPEC to invade urothelial cells and to form intracellular bacterial communities (IBCs) has been described. The objective of the present study was to determine the presence of intracellular bacteria (IB) in children with UTI caused by E. coli and to characterize its virulence attributes and its relation with clinical outcomes. One hundred thirty-three children with E. coli UTI who attended a reference children's hospital between June and November 2012 were included. Urine samples were analyzed by optical and confocal microscopy looking for exfoliated urothelial cells with IB. Phylogenetic group and 24 virulence factors of UPEC were determined using multiplex polymerase chain reaction. Medical records were analyzed. The presence of IB was detected in 49 of 133 (36.8%) samples by confocal microscopy, in 30 cases as IBC, and in 19 as isolated intracellular bacteria (IIB). Only 50% of these cases could be detected by light microscopy. Seventy-four medical records were analyzed, 34 with IBC/IIB, 40 without IB. Any virulence gene was associated with IBC/IIB. The presence of IBC/IIB was associated with recurrent UTI (odds ratio [OR], 3.3; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.3-9; P = .017), especially in children without urinary tract functional or morphological abnormalities (OR, 8.0; 95% CI, 2.3-27.4; P = .000). IBCs were associated with lower urinary tract syndrome (OR, 3.6; 95% CI, 1.1-11.8; P = .05) and absence of fever (P = .009). IBCs/IIB could explain a high proportion of children with recurrent UTI. © The Author 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

49 CFR 178.703 - Marking of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol. (ii) The.... The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance...

49 CFR 178.703 - Marking of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol. (ii) The.... The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance...

49 CFR 178.703 - Marking of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol. (ii) The.... The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance...

49 CFR 178.703 - Marking of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... marking is stamped or embossed, the capital letters “UN” may be applied instead of the symbol. (ii) The.... The letters ‘USA’ indicate that the IBC is manufactured and marked in the United States in compliance...

Design guideline for Si/organic hybrid solar cell with interdigitated back contact structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bimo Prakoso, Ari; Rusli; Li, Zeyu; Lu, Chenjin; Jiang, Changyun

2018-03-01

We study the design of Si/organic hybrid (SOH) solar cells with interdigitated back contact (IBC) structure. SOH solar cells formed between n-Si and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulphonate (PEDOT:PSS) is a promising concept that combines the excellent electronic properties of Si with the solution-based processing advantage of an organic polymer. The IBC cell structure is employed to minimize parasitic absorption losses in the organic polymer, eliminate grid shadowing losses, and allow excellent passivation of the front Si surface in one step over a large area. The influence of Si thickness, doping concentration and contact geometry are simulated in this study to optimize the performance of the SOH-IBC solar cell. We found that a high power conversion efficiency of >20% can be achieved for optimized SOH-IBC cell based on a thin c-Si substrate of 40 μm thickness.

NHERF1, a novel GPER associated protein, increases stability and activation of GPER in ER-positive breast cancer

PubMed Central

Xiong, Ying; Wang, Yan; Zheng, Junfang; Zhao, Yuan; Tao, Tao; Wang, Qiqi; Liu, Hua; Wang, Songlin; Jiang, Wen G.; He, Junqi

2016-01-01

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays an important role in mediating the effects of estradiol. High levels of GPER have been implicated to associate with the malignant progress of invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, the mechanisms by which GPER protein levels were regulated remain unclear. In this study, PDZ protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) was found to interact with GPER in breast cancer cells. This interaction was mediated by the PDZ2 domain of NHERF1 and the carboxyl terminal PDZ binding motif of GPER. NHERF1 was demonstrated to facilitate GPER expression at post-transcriptional level and improve GPER protein stability by inhibiting the receptor degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in a GPER/NHERF1 interaction-dependent manner. In addition, GPER protein levels are positively associated with NHERF1 protein levels in a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Furthermore, analysis of clinical IBC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed no significant difference in GPER mRNA levels between ER-positive IBC and normal breast tissues. However, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that GPER signaling is ultra-activated in ER-positive IBC when compared with normal and its activation is positively associated with NHERF1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings identify NHERF1 as a new binding partner for GPER and its overexpression promotes protein stability and activation of GPER in ER-positive IBC. Our data indicate that regulation of GPER stability by NHERF1 may contribute to GPER-mediated carcinogenesis in ER-positive IBC. PMID:27448983

Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase Gene Copy Number Gain in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC): Prevalence, Clinicopathologic Features and Prognostic Implication

PubMed Central

Kim, Min Hwan; Lee, Soohyeon; Koo, Ja Seung; Jung, Kyung Hae; Park, In Hae; Jeong, Joon; Kim, Seung Il; Park, Seho; Park, Hyung Seok; Park, Byeong-Woo; Kim, Joo-Hang; Sohn, Joohyuk

2015-01-01

Background Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, and its molecular pathogenesis still remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and implication of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) copy number change in IBC patients. Methods We retrospectively collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and medical records of IBC patients from several institutes in Korea. ALK gene copy number change and rearrangement were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, and ALK expression status was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Results Thirty-six IBC patients including those with HER2 (+) breast cancer (16/36, 44.4%) and triple-negative breast cancer (13/36, 36.1%) were enrolled in this study. ALK copy number gain (CNG) was observed in 47.2% (17/36) of patients, including one patient who harbored ALK gene amplification. ALK CNG (+) patients showed significantly worse overall survival compared to ALK CNG (-) patients in univariate analysis (24.9 months vs. 38.1 months, p = 0.033). Recurrence free survival (RFS) after curative mastectomy was also significantly shorter in ALK CNG (+) patients than in ALK CNG (-) patients (n = 22, 12.7 months vs. 43.3 months, p = 0.016). Multivariate Cox regression analysis with adjustment for HER2 and ER statuses showed significantly poorer RFS for ALK CNG (+) patients (HR 5.63, 95% CI 1.11–28.44, p = 0.037). Conclusion This study shows a significant presence of ALK CNG in IBC patients, and ALK CNG was associated with significantly poorer RFS. PMID:25803816

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene copy number gain in inflammatory breast cancer (IBC): prevalence, clinicopathologic features and prognostic implication.

PubMed

Kim, Min Hwan; Lee, Soohyeon; Koo, Ja Seung; Jung, Kyung Hae; Park, In Hae; Jeong, Joon; Kim, Seung Il; Park, Seho; Park, Hyung Seok; Park, Byeong-Woo; Kim, Joo-Hang; Sohn, Joohyuk

2015-01-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is the most aggressive form of breast cancer, and its molecular pathogenesis still remains to be elucidated. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and implication of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) copy number change in IBC patients. We retrospectively collected formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor tissues and medical records of IBC patients from several institutes in Korea. ALK gene copy number change and rearrangement were assessed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) assay, and ALK expression status was evaluated by immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Thirty-six IBC patients including those with HER2 (+) breast cancer (16/36, 44.4%) and triple-negative breast cancer (13/36, 36.1%) were enrolled in this study. ALK copy number gain (CNG) was observed in 47.2% (17/36) of patients, including one patient who harbored ALK gene amplification. ALK CNG (+) patients showed significantly worse overall survival compared to ALK CNG (-) patients in univariate analysis (24.9 months vs. 38.1 months, p = 0.033). Recurrence free survival (RFS) after curative mastectomy was also significantly shorter in ALK CNG (+) patients than in ALK CNG (-) patients (n = 22, 12.7 months vs. 43.3 months, p = 0.016). Multivariate Cox regression analysis with adjustment for HER2 and ER statuses showed significantly poorer RFS for ALK CNG (+) patients (HR 5.63, 95% CI 1.11-28.44, p = 0.037). This study shows a significant presence of ALK CNG in IBC patients, and ALK CNG was associated with significantly poorer RFS.

NHERF1, a novel GPER associated protein, increases stability and activation of GPER in ER-positive breast cancer.

PubMed

Meng, Ran; Qin, Qiong; Xiong, Ying; Wang, Yan; Zheng, Junfang; Zhao, Yuan; Tao, Tao; Wang, Qiqi; Liu, Hua; Wang, Songlin; Jiang, Wen G; He, Junqi

2016-08-23

G protein-coupled estrogen receptor (GPER) plays an important role in mediating the effects of estradiol. High levels of GPER have been implicated to associate with the malignant progress of invasive breast cancer (IBC). However, the mechanisms by which GPER protein levels were regulated remain unclear. In this study, PDZ protein Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF1) was found to interact with GPER in breast cancer cells. This interaction was mediated by the PDZ2 domain of NHERF1 and the carboxyl terminal PDZ binding motif of GPER. NHERF1 was demonstrated to facilitate GPER expression at post-transcriptional level and improve GPER protein stability by inhibiting the receptor degradation via ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in a GPER/NHERF1 interaction-dependent manner. In addition, GPER protein levels are positively associated with NHERF1 protein levels in a panel of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive breast cancer cells. Furthermore, analysis of clinical IBC data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) showed no significant difference in GPER mRNA levels between ER-positive IBC and normal breast tissues. However, gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) showed that GPER signaling is ultra-activated in ER-positive IBC when compared with normal and its activation is positively associated with NHERF1 mRNA levels. Taken together, our findings identify NHERF1 as a new binding partner for GPER and its overexpression promotes protein stability and activation of GPER in ER-positive IBC. Our data indicate that regulation of GPER stability by NHERF1 may contribute to GPER-mediated carcinogenesis in ER-positive IBC.

49 CFR 178.704 - General IBC standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

..., deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. IBCs intended for solid hazardous materials must be... must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.811 and...

49 CFR 178.704 - General IBC standards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

..., deterioration due to exposure to the external environment. IBCs intended for solid hazardous materials must be... must be constructed in such a way as to be bottom-lifted or top-lifted as specified in §§ 178.811 and...

Towards a transcriptome-based theranostic platform for unfavorable breast cancer phenotypes.

PubMed

Dobroff, Andrey S; D'Angelo, Sara; Eckhardt, Bedrich L; Ferrara, Fortunato; Staquicini, Daniela I; Cardó-Vila, Marina; Staquicini, Fernanda I; Nunes, Diana N; Kim, Kisu; Driessen, Wouter H P; Hajitou, Amin; Lomo, Lesley C; Barry, Marc; Krishnamurthy, Savitri; Sahin, Aysegul; Woodward, Wendy A; Prossnitz, Eric R; Anderson, Robin L; Dias-Neto, Emmanuel; Brown-Glaberman, Ursa A; Royce, Melanie E; Ueno, Naoto T; Cristofanilli, Massimo; Hortobagyi, Gabriel N; Marchiò, Serena; Gelovani, Juri G; Sidman, Richard L; Arap, Wadih; Pasqualini, Renata

2016-10-24

Inflammatory breast carcinoma (IBC) is one of the most lethal forms of human breast cancer, and effective treatment for IBC is an unmet clinical need in contemporary oncology. Tumor-targeted theranostic approaches are emerging in precision medicine, but only a few specific biomarkers are available. Here we report up-regulation of the 78-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) in two independent discovery and validation sets of specimens derived from IBC patients, suggesting translational promise for clinical applications. We show that a GRP78-binding motif displayed on either bacteriophage or adeno-associated virus/phage (AAVP) particles or loop-grafted onto a human antibody fragment specifically targets orthotopic IBC and other aggressive breast cancer models in vivo. To evaluate the theranostic value, we used GRP78-targeting AAVP particles to deliver the human Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase type-1 (HSVtk) transgene, obtaining simultaneous in vivo diagnosis through PET imaging and tumor treatment by selective activation of the prodrug ganciclovir at tumor sites. Translation of this AAVP system is expected simultaneously to image, monitor, and treat the IBC phenotype and possibly other aggressive (e.g., invasive and/or metastatic) subtypes of breast cancer, based on the inducible cell-surface expression of the stress-response chaperone GRP78, and possibily other cell-surface receptors in human tumors.

Does an isolated benign choledochal stricture hide a PSC?

PubMed

De Angelis, Paola; Tambucci, Renato; Romeo, Erminia; Rea, Francesca; Caloisi, Claudia; Caldaro, Tamara; di Abriola, Giovanni Federici; Foschia, Francesca; Torroni, Filippo; Monti, L; Dall'Oglio, Luigi

2013-05-01

Strictures of the extra-hepatic biliary tree are rare in children and have a benign non-traumatic inflammatory origin or are related to idiopathic fibrosing pancreatitis. Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) can manifest as multiple biliary strictures or as a single dominant stricture. We describe the presentation, treatment, and outcome of six cases of isolated benign choledochal stricture (IBCS). All patients underwent magnetic resonance cholangiography (MRC). Five patients underwent diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP, and 4 patients underwent intra-choledochal mini-probe EUS and biopsy. Colonoscopy was performed in suspected ulcerative colitis (UC). We report 6 patients (mean age at diagnosis: four males, 12.1 years; two females, 14.2 years) with IBCS. Clinical onset included 3 cases of acute biliary pancreatitis and obstructive jaundice, one obstructive jaundice, one cholestasis, and one pancreatitis. At diagnosis, MRC confirmed IBCS in all patients. Biliary sphincterotomy, stricture dilation, and stenting were performed in 4 patients. One child underwent hepaticojejunostomy for a type I choledocal cyst. During follow-up (mean: 21 months; range: 1-3 years), all patients were asymptomatic. Four patients developed UC (three pancolitis, one descending colitis). One child developed PSC. IBCS can be successfully treated by therapeutic ERCP. The occurrence of UC could suggest that IBCS is a form of PSC. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

49 CFR 178.705 - Standards for metal IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... metal lattice-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as follows: (1) Body. The... minimum elongation (as a percentage) of the reference steel to be used on fracture under tensile stress...

49 CFR 178.705 - Standards for metal IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... metal lattice-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as follows: (1) Body. The... minimum elongation (as a percentage) of the reference steel to be used on fracture under tensile stress...

49 CFR 178.700 - Purpose, scope and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.700 Purpose, scope and definitions. (a) This subpart prescribes requirements applying to IBCs intended for the transportation of hazardous materials. Standards for these... subchapter and in paragraph (c) of this section. (c) The following definitions pertain to the IBC standards...

49 CFR 178.700 - Purpose, scope and definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Performance-Oriented Standards § 178.700 Purpose, scope and definitions. (a) This subpart prescribes requirements applying to IBCs intended for the transportation of hazardous materials. Standards for these... subchapter and in paragraph (c) of this section. (c) The following definitions pertain to the IBC standards...

Scaled accelerographs for design of structures in Quetta, Baluchistan, Pakistan

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bhatti, Abdul Qadir

2016-12-01

Structural design for seismic excitation is usually based on peak values of forces and deformations over the duration of earthquake. In determining these peak values dynamic analysis is done which requires either response history analysis (RHA), also called time history analysis, or response spectrum analysis (RSA), both of which depend upon ground motion severity. In the past, PGA has been used to describe ground motion severity, because seismic force on a rigid body is proportional to the ground acceleration. However, it has been pointed out that single highest peak on accelerograms is a very unreliable description of the accelerograms as a whole. In this study, we are considering 0.2- and 1-s spectral acceleration. Seismic loading has been defined in terms of design spectrum and time history which will lead us to two methods of dynamic analysis. Design spectrum for Quetta will be constructed incorporating the parameters of ASCE 7-05/IBC 2006/2009, which is being used by modern codes and regulation of the world like IBC 2006/2009, ASCE 7-05, ATC-40, FEMA-356 and others. A suite of time history representing design earthquake will also be prepared, this will be a helpful tool to carryout time history dynamic analysis of structures in Quetta.

The Impact of Residual Disease After Preoperative Systemic Therapy on Clinical Outcomes in Patients with Inflammatory Breast Cancer.

PubMed

Nakhlis, Faina; Regan, Meredith M; Warren, Laura E; Bellon, Jennifer R; Hirshfield-Bartek, Judith; Duggan, Margaret M; Dominici, Laura S; Golshan, Mehra; Jacene, Heather A; Yeh, Eren D; Mullaney, Erin E; Overmoyer, Beth

2017-09-01

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is a rare and aggressive disease treated with multimodality therapy: preoperative systemic therapy (PST) followed by modified radical mastectomy (MRM), chest wall and regional nodal radiotherapy, and adjuvant biologic therapy and/or endocrine therapy when appropriate. In non-IBC, the degree of pathologic response to PST has been shown to correlate with time to recurrence (TTR) and overall survival (OS). We sought to determine if pathologic response correlates with oncologic outcomes of IBC patients. Following review of IBC patients' records (1997-2014), we identified 258 stage III IBC patients; 181 received PST followed by MRM and radiotherapy and were subsequently analyzed. Pathologic complete response (pCR) to PST, hormone receptor and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) status, grade, and histology were evaluated as predictors of TTR and OS by Cox model. Overall, 95/181 (52%) patients experienced recurrence; 93/95 (98%) were distant metastases (median TTR 3.2 years). Seventy-three patients (40%) died (median OS 6.9 years). pCR was associated with improved TTR (hazard ratio [HR] 0.20, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.09-0.46, p < 0.01, univariate; HR 0.17, 95% CI 0.07-0.41, p < 0.0001, multivariate) and improved OS (HR 0.26, 95% CI 0.11-0.65, p < 0.01, univariate). In patients with pCR, grade III (HR 1.91, 95% CI 1.16-3.13, p = 0.01), and triple-negative phenotype (HR 3.54, 95% CI 1.79-6.98, p = 0.0003) were associated with shorter TTR, while residual ductal carcinoma in situ was not (HR 0.85, 95% CI 0.53-1.35, p = 0.48, multivariate). In stage III IBC, pCR was associated with prognosis, further influenced by grade, hormone receptor, and HER2 status. Investigating mechanisms that contribute to better response to PST could help improve oncologic outcomes in IBC.

49 CFR 178.705 - Standards for metal IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY...-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as follows: (1) Body. The body must be... minimum elongation (as a percentage) of the reference steel to be used on fracture under tensile stress...

49 CFR 178.705 - Standards for metal IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation (Continued) PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY...-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as follows: (1) Body. The body must be... minimum elongation (as a percentage) of the reference steel to be used on fracture under tensile stress...

Reoperation Rates in Ductal Carcinoma In Situ vs Invasive Breast Cancer After Wire-Guided Breast-Conserving Surgery.

PubMed

Langhans, Linnea; Jensen, Maj-Britt; Talman, Maj-Lis M; Vejborg, Ilse; Kroman, Niels; Tvedskov, Tove F

2017-04-01

New techniques for preoperative localization of nonpalpable breast lesions may decrease the reoperation rate in breast-conserving surgery (BCS) compared with rates after surgery with the standard wire-guided localization. However, a valid reoperation rate for this procedure needs to be established for comparison, as previous studies on this procedure include a variety of malignant and benign breast lesions. To determine the reoperation rate after wire-guided BCS in patients with histologically verified nonpalpable invasive breast cancer (IBC) or ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) and to examine whether the risk of reoperation is associated with DCIS or histologic type of the IBC. This nationwide study including women with histologically verified IBC or DCIS having wire-guided BCS performed between January 1, 2010, and December 31, 2013, used data from the Danish National Patient Registry that were cross-checked with the Danish Breast Cancer Group database and the Danish Pathology Register. Reoperation rate after wire-guided BCS in patients with IBC or DCIS. Wire-guided BCS was performed in 4118 women (mean [SD] age, 60.9 [8.7] years). A total of 725 patients (17.6%) underwent a reoperation: 593 were reexcisions (14.4%) and 132 were mastectomies (3.2%). Significantly more patients with DCIS (271 of 727 [37.3%]) than with IBC (454 of 3391 [13.4%]) underwent a reoperation (adjusted odds ratio, 3.82; 95% CI, 3.19-4.58; P < .001). After the first reexcision, positive margins were still present in 97 patients (16.4%). The risk of repeated positive margins was significantly higher in patients with DCIS vs those with IBC (unadjusted odds ratio, 2.21; 95% CI, 1.42-3.43; P < .001). The risk of reoperation was significantly increased in patients with lobular carcinoma vs those with ductal carcinoma (adjusted odds ratio, 1.44; 95% CI 1.06-1.95; P = .02). A total of 202 patients (4.9%) had a subsequent completion mastectomy, but no difference was found in the type of reoperation between patients with DCIS and those with IBC. A lower reoperation rate after wire-guided BCS was found in this study than those shown in previous studies. However, the risk of reoperation in patients with DCIS was 3 times higher than in those with IBC. The widespread use of mammographic screening will increase the number of patients diagnosed with DCIS, making a precise localization of nonpalpable DCIS lesions even more important.

Compressible turbulent channel flow with impedance boundary conditions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Scalo, Carlo; Bodart, Julien; Lele, Sanjiva K.

2015-03-01

We have performed large-eddy simulations of isothermal-wall compressible turbulent channel flow with linear acoustic impedance boundary conditions (IBCs) for the wall-normal velocity component and no-slip conditions for the tangential velocity components. Three bulk Mach numbers, Mb = 0.05, 0.2, 0.5, with a fixed bulk Reynolds number, Reb = 6900, have been investigated. For each Mb, nine different combinations of IBC settings were tested, in addition to a reference case with impermeable walls, resulting in a total of 30 simulations. The adopted numerical coupling strategy allows for a spatially and temporally consistent imposition of physically realizable IBCs in a fully explicit compressible Navier-Stokes solver. The IBCs are formulated in the time domain according to Fung and Ju ["Time-domain impedance boundary conditions for computational acoustics and aeroacoustics," Int. J. Comput. Fluid Dyn. 18(6), 503-511 (2004)]. The impedance adopted is a three-parameter damped Helmholtz oscillator with resonant angular frequency, ωr, tuned to the characteristic time scale of the large energy-containing eddies. The tuning condition, which reads ωr = 2πMb (normalized with the speed of sound and channel half-width), reduces the IBCs' free parameters to two: the damping ratio, ζ, and the resistance, R, which have been varied independently with values, ζ = 0.5, 0.7, 0.9, and R = 0.01, 0.10, 1.00, for each Mb. The application of the tuned IBCs results in a drag increase up to 300% for Mb = 0.5 and R = 0.01. It is shown that for tuned IBCs, the resistance, R, acts as the inverse of the wall-permeability and that varying the damping ratio, ζ, has a secondary effect on the flow response. Typical buffer-layer turbulent structures are completely suppressed by the application of tuned IBCs. A new resonance buffer layer is established characterized by large spanwise-coherent Kelvin-Helmholtz rollers, with a well-defined streamwise wavelength λx, traveling downstream with advection velocity cx = λx Mb. They are the effect of intense hydro-acoustic instabilities resulting from the interaction of high-amplitude wall-normal wave propagation (at the tuned frequency fr = ωr/2π = Mb) with the background mean velocity gradient. The resonance buffer layer is confined near the wall by structurally unaltered outer-layer turbulence. Results suggest that the application of hydrodynamically tuned resonant porous surfaces can be effectively employed in achieving flow control.

Reduced MUC4 expression is a late event in breast carcinogenesis and is correlated with increased infiltration of immune cells as well as promoter hypermethylation in invasive breast carcinoma.

PubMed

Cho, Jin Seong; Park, Min Ho; Lee, Ji Shin; Yoon, Jung Han

2015-01-01

Altered expression of MUC4 is associated with tumor progression and immune surveillance, but the potential involvement of MUC4 in breast carcinogenesis has not been rigorously assessed. Immunohistochemical staining with anti-MUC4 antibody was performed in a total of 324 patients with 26 normal breasts, 25 usual ductal hyperplasia, 76 ductal carcinoma in situ, and 198 invasive breast carcinoma (IBC) using tissue microarray. Immunohistochemical staining for CD8, CD57, and CD1a and methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction were also performed in IBC. Reduced MUC4 expression in IBC was significantly higher than in usual ductal hyperplasia and ductal carcinoma in situ (P<0.001 and P<0.01, respectively). Reduced MUC4 expression in IBC was significantly correlated with promoter hypermethylation (P<0.05). No association between MUC4 expression and patient outcomes was identified. Intratumoral CD8 T cells and stromal CD57 natural killer cells were significantly increased in the reduced MUC4 expression group compared with those in the normal expression group (P<0.01 and P<0.05, respectively). Our results suggest that tumor progression in breast epithelium is accompanied by reduced MUC4 protein expression. Reduced MUC4 expression correlates with increased tumor-infiltrating CD8 T and NK cells as well as promoter hypermethylation in IBC.

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

...) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices are prohibited in... foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171.7 of this subchapter). (ii.... Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from sharp protrusions that might damage...

49 CFR 178.705 - Standards for metal IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... Transportation Other Regulations Relating to Transportation PIPELINE AND HAZARDOUS MATERIALS SAFETY... a frame with a metal lattice-work casing. (c) Construction requirements for metal IBCs are as... used on fracture under tensile stress (Rm × Ao = 10,000 × 145; if tensile strength is in U.S. Standard...

49 CFR 178.707 - Standards for composite IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... designed to bear the entire stacking load. The inner receptacle and outer packaging form an integral... outer packaging. (2) A composite IBC with a fully enclosing outer packaging must be designed to permit assessment of the integrity of the inner container following the leakproofness and hydraulic tests. The outer...

An Examination of Interconnectedness between U.S. International Branch Campuses and Their Host Countries

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crombie-Borgos, Jill

2013-01-01

This qualitative study examines U. S. international branch campus (IBC) administrative leadership structures and the interconnections they have to their respective host countries. While several factors concerning the sustainability of IBCs have been cited, this study introduces "leadership networks" to the discourse on IBC…

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.812 - Top lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... renders the IBC, including the base pallets when applicable, unsafe for transportation, and no loss of... twice the maximum permissible gross mass with the load being evenly distributed. (2) Flexible IBC design types must be filled to six times the maximum net mass, the load being evenly distributed. (c) Test...

49 CFR 178.815 - Stacking test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... for transportation, and no loss of contents. (2) For fiberboard and wooden IBCs, there may be no loss... unsafe for transportation, and no loss of contents. (4) For the dynamic compression test, a container passes the test if, after application of the required load, there is no permanent deformation to the IBC...

49 CFR 178.817 - Righting test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Righting test. 178.817 Section 178.817... Righting test. (a) General. The righting test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBCs designed to be lifted from the top or side. (b) Special preparation for the righting test. The flexible IBC...

49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

49 CFR 178.810 - Drop test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Drop test. 178.810 Section 178.810 Transportation... Drop test. (a) General. The drop test must be conducted for the qualification of all IBC design types... the drop test. (1) Metal, rigid plastic, and composite IBCs intended to contain solids must be filled...

Operational Considerations for Opening a Branch Campus Abroad

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Harding, Lawrence M.; Lammey, Robert W.

2011-01-01

Universities have been attracted to the creation of international branch campuses (IBCs) for many reasons, including cultural immersion of students and faculty and global brand recognition for a university seeking to enhance its reputation and strengthen its academic standards. This chapter provides specific advice for how IBCs can negotiate entry…

78 FR 14702 - Hazardous Materials: Miscellaneous Petitions for Rulemaking (RRR)

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-03-07

... Standard Specification for Polyethylene Plastics Molding and Extrusion Materials to provide a range of acceptable resin tolerances in the plastic drum and IBC material; Allow smokeless powder classed as a... incorporate by reference ASTM Standard 04976-06 without stating that plastic drums and IBCs made from...

49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the qualification of all rigid IBC design types. Flexible IBC design types must be capable of withstanding the vibration test. (b) Test...

49 CFR 178.708 - Standards for fiberboard IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... part of it. (c) Construction requirements for fiberboard IBCs are as follows: (1) Top lifting devices... puncture resistance of 15 Joules (11 foot-pounds of energy) measured according to ISO 3036 (IBR, see § 171... stability in handling and transport. Where a detachable pallet is used, its top surface must be free from...

49 CFR 178.710 - Standards for flexible IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... used in the manufacture of the tested design type, retesting may be omitted if the carbon black content... material. (6) No used material other than production residues or regrind from the same manufacturing process may be used in the manufacture of plastic flexible IBCs. This does not preclude the re-use of...

49 CFR 178.814 - Hydrostatic pressure test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Hydrostatic pressure test. 178.814 Section 178.814... Testing of IBCs § 178.814 Hydrostatic pressure test. (a) General. The hydrostatic pressure test must be... preparation for the hydrostatic pressure test. For metal IBCs, the test must be carried out before the fitting...

49 CFR 178.811 - Bottom lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as... IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed...

49 CFR 178.811 - Bottom lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as... IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed...

49 CFR 178.811 - Bottom lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as... IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed...

49 CFR 178.811 - Bottom lift test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... design types designed to be lifted from the base, there may be no permanent deformation which renders the IBC unsafe for transportation and no loss of contents. [Amdt. 178-103, 59 FR 38074, July 26, 1994, as... IBC must be loaded to 1.25 times its maximum permissible gross mass, the load being evenly distributed...

49 CFR 178.818 - Tear test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 3 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Tear test. 178.818 Section 178.818 Transportation... Tear test. (a) General. The tear test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBC design types. (b) Special preparation for the tear test. The flexible IBC must be filled to not less than...

49 CFR 178.803 - Testing and certification of IBCs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... IBCs Vibration 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 6 X 1.5 X Bottom lift 2 X X X X X Top lift 2 X 2 X 2 X 2,5 X Stacking 7... one of the bottom lift or top lift tests must be performed. 3 The leakproofness and hydrostatic...

49 CFR 178.818 - Tear test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Tear test. 178.818 Section 178.818 Transportation... § 178.818 Tear test. (a) General. The tear test must be conducted for the qualification of all flexible IBC design types. (b) Special preparation for the tear test. The flexible IBC must be filled to not...

49 CFR 178.819 - Vibration test.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Vibration test. 178.819 Section 178.819... Testing of IBCs § 178.819 Vibration test. (a) General. The vibration test must be conducted for the... vibration test. (b) Test method. (1) A sample IBC, selected at random, must be filled and closed as for...

The Cross-Border Education Policy Context: Educational Hubs, Trade Liberalization, and National Sovereignty

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lane, Jason E.; Kinser, Kevin

2011-01-01

International branch campuses (IBCs) operate in national and international policy environments that are still rapidly evolving. While IBCs have been operating for several decades, most of that time they have operated below the domestic regulatory radar of either the exporting (home) or importing (host) governments. As the number of such…

The Execution and Evaluation of an Integrated Business Common Core Curriculum.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Pharr, Steven W.; Morris, John S.; Stover, Dana; Byers, C. Randall; Reyes, Mario G.

1998-01-01

Describes the rationale, process, and organization of an integrated, cross-disciplinary undergraduate program known as the Integrated Business Common Core (IBC) at the University of Idaho. Indicates that IBC's goal is to provide students with an understanding of key business issues, with emphasis on processes. (2 tables and 11 references) (JDI)

Predictive Factors of the Survival of Women With Invasive Breast Cancer in French Guiana: The Burden of Health Inequalities.

PubMed

Roué, Tristan; Labbé, Sylvain; Belliardo, Sophie; Plenet, Juliette; Douine, Maylis; Nacher, Mathieu

2016-08-01

The prognosis of patients with breast cancer in French Guiana is worse than in France, with 23 deaths per 100 incident cases versus 17 per 100 in metropolitan France. This study aimed to compare the relative survival of patients with invasive breast cancer (IBC) between women from French Guiana and metropolitan France and to determine risk factors influencing breast cancer survival in French Guiana. Data were collected from the Cancer Registry of French Guiana. We compared the relative survival of women with IBC between French Guiana and metropolitan France. We used the Cox proportional hazard regression to evaluate the effect of prognostic factors on cancer-specific mortality in French Guiana. We included all 269 cases of IBC in women diagnosed in French Guiana between 2003 and 2009. The overall 5-year relative survival rate of patients with IBC was 79% in French Guiana and 86% in metropolitan France. The place of birth (foreign country vs. French territory), the tumor stage at the time of diagnosis, the mode of diagnosis (symptoms vs. screening), the presence of hormone receptors in the tumor, and the histologic type were the variables associated with survival differences. None of the other study variables were significantly associated with prognosis. Access to care for migrants is challenging, which leads to health inequalities. Early detection through prevention programs is crucial to increase IBC survival, notably for foreign-born patients. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Clinical and Economic Impact of a Digital, Remotely-Delivered Intensive Behavioral Counseling Program on Medicare Beneficiaries at Risk for Diabetes and Cardiovascular Disease.

PubMed

Chen, Fang; Su, Wenqing; Becker, Shawn H; Payne, Mike; Castro Sweet, Cynthia M; Peters, Anne L; Dall, Timothy M

2016-01-01

Type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease impose substantial clinical and economic burdens for seniors (age 65 and above) and the Medicare program. Intensive Behavioral Counseling (IBC) interventions like the National Diabetes Prevention Program (NDPP), have demonstrated effectiveness in reducing excess body weight and lowering or delaying morbidity onset. This paper estimated the potential health implications and medical savings of a digital version of IBC modeled after the NDPP. Participants in this digital IBC intervention, the Omada program, include 1,121 overweight or obese seniors with additional risk factors for diabetes or heart disease. Weight changes were objectively measured via participant use of a networked weight scale. Participants averaged 6.8% reduction in body weight within 26 weeks, and 89% of participants completed 9 or more of the 16 core phase lessons. We used a Markov-based microsimulation model to simulate the impact of weight loss on future health states and medical expenditures over 10 years. Cumulative per capita medical expenditure savings over 3, 5 and 10 years ranged from $1,720 to 1,770 (3 years), $3,840 to $4,240 (5 years) and $11,550 to $14,200 (10 years). The range reflects assumptions of weight re-gain similar to that seen in the DPP clinical trial (lower bound) or minimal weight re-gain aligned with age-adjusted national averages (upper bound). The estimated net economic benefit after IBC costs is $10,250 to $12,840 cumulative over 10 years. Simulation outcomes suggest reduced incidence of diabetes by 27-41% for participants with prediabetes, and stroke by approximately 15% over 5 years. A digital, remotely-delivered IBC program can help seniors at risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease achieve significant weight loss, reduces risk for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and achieve meaningful medical cost savings. These findings affirm recommendations for IBC coverage by the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force.

Interval Breast Cancer Rates and Histopathologic Tumor Characteristics after False-Positive Findings at Mammography in a Population-based Screening Program.

PubMed

Hofvind, Solveig; Sagstad, Silje; Sebuødegård, Sofie; Chen, Ying; Roman, Marta; Lee, Christoph I

2018-04-01

Purpose To compare rates and tumor characteristics of interval breast cancers (IBCs) detected after a negative versus false-positive screening among women participating in the Norwegian Breast Cancer Screening Program. Materials and Methods The Cancer Registry Regulation approved this retrospective study. Information about 423 445 women aged 49-71 years who underwent 789 481 full-field digital mammographic screening examinations during 2004-2012 was extracted from the Cancer Registry of Norway. Rates and odds ratios of IBC among women with a negative (the reference group) versus a false-positive screening were estimated by using logistic regression models adjusted for age at diagnosis and county of residence. Results A total of 1302 IBCs were diagnosed after 789 481 screening examinations, of which 7.0% (91 of 1302) were detected among women with a false-positive screening as the most recent breast imaging examination before detection. By using negative screening as the reference, adjusted odds ratios of IBCs were 3.3 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.6, 4.2) and 2.8 (95% CI: 1.8, 4.4) for women with a false-positive screening without and with needle biopsy, respectively. Women with a previous negative screening had a significantly lower proportion of tumors that were 10 mm or less (14.3% [150 of 1049] vs 50.0% [seven of 14], respectively; P < .01) and grade I tumors (13.2% [147 of 1114] vs 42.9% [six of 14]; P < .01), but a higher proportion of cases with lymph nodes positive for cancer (40.9% [442 of 1080] vs 13.3% [two of 15], respectively; P = .03) compared with women with a previous false-positive screening with benign biopsy. A retrospective review of the screening mammographic examinations identified 42.9% (39 of 91) of the false-positive cases to be the same lesion as the IBC. Conclusion By using a negative screening as the reference, a false-positive screening examination increased the risk of an IBC three-fold. The tumor characteristics of IBC after a negative screening were less favorable compared with those detected after a previous false-positive screening. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.

Image barcodes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Damera-Venkata, Niranjan; Yen, Jonathan

2003-01-01

A Visually significant two-dimensional barcode (VSB) developed by Shaked et. al. is a method used to design an information carrying two-dimensional barcode, which has the appearance of a given graphical entity such as a company logo. The encoding and decoding of information using the VSB, uses a base image with very few graylevels (typically only two). This typically requires the image histogram to be bi-modal. For continuous-tone images such as digital photographs of individuals, the representation of tone or "shades of gray" is not only important to obtain a pleasing rendition of the face, but in most cases, the VSB renders these images unrecognizable due to its inability to represent true gray-tone variations. This paper extends the concept of a VSB to an image bar code (IBC). We enable the encoding and subsequent decoding of information embedded in the hardcopy version of continuous-tone base-images such as those acquired with a digital camera. The encoding-decoding process is modeled by robust data transmission through a noisy print-scan channel that is explicitly modeled. The IBC supports a high information capacity that differentiates it from common hardcopy watermarks. The reason for the improved image quality over the VSB is a joint encoding/halftoning strategy based on a modified version of block error diffusion. Encoder stability, image quality vs. information capacity tradeoffs and decoding issues with and without explicit knowledge of the base-image are discussed.

Measurement of the ultrasonic properties of human coronary arteries in vitro with a 50-MHz acoustic microscope.

PubMed

Machado, J C; Foster, F S; Gotlieb, A I

2002-08-01

Ultrasonic attenuation coefficient, wave propagation speed and integrated backscatter coefficient (IBC) of human coronary arteries were measured in vitro over the -6 dB frequency bandwidth (36 to 67 MHz) of a focused ultrasound transducer (50 MHz, focal distance 5.7 mm, f/number 1.7). Corrections were made for diffraction effects. Normal and diseased coronary artery sub-samples (N = 38) were obtained from 10 individuals at autopsy. The measured mean +/- SD of the wave speed (average over the entire vessel wall thickness) was 1581.04 +/- 53.88 m/s. At 50 MHz, the average attenuation coefficient was 4.99 +/- 1.33 dB/mm with a frequency dependence term of 1.55 +/- 0.18 determined over the 36- to 67-MHz frequency range. The IBC values were: 17.42 +/- 13.02 (sr.m)-1 for thickened intima, 11.35 +/- 6.54 (sr.m)-1 for fibrotic intima, 39.93 +/- 50.95 (sr.m)-1 for plaque, 4.26 +/- 2.34 (sr.m)-1 for foam cells, 5.12 +/- 5.85 (sr.m)-1 for media and 21.26 +/- 31.77 (sr.m)-1 for adventitia layers. The IBC results indicate the possibility for ultrasound characterization of human coronary artery wall tissue layer, including the situations of diseased arteries with the presence of thickened intima, fibrotic intima and plaque. The mean IBC normalized with respect to the mean IBC of the media layer seems promising for use as a parameter to differentiate a plaque or a thickened intima from a fibrotic intima.

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.24 inches) thick... accordance paragraph (b) of this section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of... this section or in single packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101...

49 CFR 173.12 - Exceptions for shipment of waste materials.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... (IBC) or a UN 11HH2 composite IBC, fitted with a polyethylene liner at least 6 mils (0.006 inches... section or in single packagings authorized for the acid in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous... packagings authorized for the material in Column (8B) of the § 172.101 Hazardous Materials Table of this...

Managing International Branch Campuses: Lessons Learnt from Eight Years on a Branch Campus in Malaysia

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hill, Christopher; Thabet, Rawy Abdelrahman

2018-01-01

Purpose: International branch campuses (IBCs) are complex entities and while much has been written about their expansion and development, the literature is largely from an external perspective. There have been few longitudinal studies examining the development of an IBC over time. The purpose of this paper is to review the development of one IBC…

Development and Operation of an Automatic Rotor Trim Control System for the UH-60 Individual Blade Control Wind Tunnel Test

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Theodore, Colin R.; Tischler, Mark B.

2010-01-01

An automatic rotor trim control system was developed and successfully used during a wind tunnel test of a full-scale UH-60 rotor system with Individual Blade Control (IBC) actuators. The trim control system allowed rotor trim to be set more quickly, precisely and repeatably than in previous wind tunnel tests. This control system also allowed the rotor trim state to be maintained during transients and drift in wind tunnel flow, and through changes in IBC actuation. The ability to maintain a consistent rotor trim state was key to quickly and accurately evaluating the effect of IBC on rotor performance, vibration, noise and loads. This paper presents details of the design and implementation of the trim control system including the rotor system hardware, trim control requirements, and trim control hardware and software implementation. Results are presented showing the effect of IBC on rotor trim and dynamic response, a validation of the rotor dynamic simulation used to calculate the initial control gains and tuning of the control system, and the overall performance of the trim control system during the wind tunnel test.

A Novel Field-Circuit FEM Modeling and Channel Gain Estimation for Galvanic Coupling Real IBC Measurements.

PubMed

Gao, Yue-Ming; Wu, Zhu-Mei; Pun, Sio-Hang; Mak, Peng-Un; Vai, Mang-I; Du, Min

2016-04-02

Existing research on human channel modeling of galvanic coupling intra-body communication (IBC) is primarily focused on the human body itself. Although galvanic coupling IBC is less disturbed by external influences during signal transmission, there are inevitable factors in real measurement scenarios such as the parasitic impedance of electrodes, impedance matching of the transceiver, etc. which might lead to deviations between the human model and the in vivo measurements. This paper proposes a field-circuit finite element method (FEM) model of galvanic coupling IBC in a real measurement environment to estimate the human channel gain. First an anisotropic concentric cylinder model of the electric field intra-body communication for human limbs was developed based on the galvanic method. Then the electric field model was combined with several impedance elements, which were equivalent in terms of parasitic impedance of the electrodes, input and output impedance of the transceiver, establishing a field-circuit FEM model. The results indicated that a circuit module equivalent to external factors can be added to the field-circuit model, which makes this model more complete, and the estimations based on the proposed field-circuit are in better agreement with the corresponding measurement results.

Vibration reduction in helicopter rotors using an actively controlled partial span trailing edge flap located on the blade

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Millott, T. A.; Friedmann, P. P.

1994-01-01

This report describes an analytical study of vibration reduction in a four-bladed helicopter rotor using an actively controlled, partial span, trailing edge flap located on the blade. The vibration reduction produced by the actively controlled flap (ACF) is compared with that obtained using individual blade control (IBC), in which the entire blade is oscillated in pitch. For both cases a deterministic feedback controller is implemented to reduce the 4/rev hub loads. For all cases considered, the ACF produced vibration reduction comparable with that obtained using IBC, but consumed only 10-30% of the power required to implement IBC. A careful parametric study is conducted to determine the influence of blade torsional stiffness, spanwise location of the control flap, and hinge moment correction on the vibration reduction characteristics of the ACF. The results clearly demonstrate the feasibility of this new approach to vibration reduction. It should be emphasized than the ACF, used together with a conventional swashplate, is completely decoupled from the primary flight control system and thus it has no influence on the airworthiness of the helicopter. This attribute is potentially a significant advantage when compared to IBC.

Effect of Human Movement on Galvanic Intra-Body Communication during Single Gait Cycle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ibrahim, I. W.; Razak, A. H. A.; Ahmad, A.; Salleh, M. K. M.

2015-11-01

Intra-body communication (IBC) is a communication system that uses human body as a signal transmission medium. From previous research, two coupling methods of IBC were concluded which are capacitive coupling and galvanic coupling. This paper investigates the effect of human movement on IBC using the galvanic coupling method. Because the human movement is control by the limb joint, the knee flexion angle during gait cycle was used to examine the influence of human movement on galvanic coupling IBC. The gait cycle is a cycle of people walking that start from one foot touch the ground till that foot touch the ground again. Frequency range from 300 kHz to 200MHz was swept in order to investigate the signal transmission loss and the result was focused on operating frequency 70MHz to 90MHz. Results show that the transmission loss varies when the knee flexion angle increased. The highest loss of signal at frequency range between 70MHz to 90 MHz was 69dB when the knee flexion angle is 50° and the minimum loss was 51dB during the flexion angle is 5°.

Idiopathic bone cavities of the mandible: an update on recurrence rates and case report.

PubMed

Horne, Robert P; Meara, Daniel J; Granite, Edwin L

2014-02-01

Idiopathic bone cavities (IBCs) are usually an incidental finding, often found in long bones but also in the craniofacial skeleton. Typically solitary, IBCs can present at multiple sites. Surgical exploration alone has proved effective, although recurrence does occur, particularly in cases with multiple lesions. The average time necessary to observe either recurrence or complete healing has been reported to be more than 3 years. Previously reported low recurrence rates for IBCs in the craniofacial skeleton may have been artificially low because of insufficient long-term follow-up. Providers should be prepared for long-term follow-up and care of these patients. The case of the patient presented here supports the need for long-term follow-up. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effect of individual blade control on noise radiation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Swanson, S. M.; Jacklin, Stephen A.; Niesl, G.; Blaas, Achim; Kube, R.

1995-01-01

In a joint research program of NASA Ames Research Center, ZF Luftfahrttechnik, the German Aerospace Research Establishment (DLR), and EUROCOPTER Deutschland, a wind tunnel test was performed to evaluate the effects of Individual Blade Control (IBC) on rotor noise. This test was conducted in the 40x80 ft wind tunnel at NASA Ames Research Center, utilizing a full scale MBB-BO 105 four-bladed rotor system. Three microphones were installed for determination of the radiated noise, two of them on a moveable traverse below the advancing blade side and one in a fixed location below the retreating side. Acoustic results are presented for flight conditions with Blade-Vortex-Interaction (BVI) noise radiation. High noise level reductions were measured for single harmonic control inputs. In addition to the single harmonic inputs, multi-harmonic inputs were evaluated by superimposing 2/rev to 6/rev harmonics. For the first time the efficiency of sharp wavelets (60 deg and 90 deg width) on acoustic noise were measured. In order to achieve an adequate wavelet shape at the blade tip, corrections were made to account for the blade torsional behavior. In parallel with the acoustic measurements, vibratory loads were measured during the BVI flight condition to correlate the effects of IBC on noise and vibrations. It is shown how noise levels and vibrations are affected by specific IBC control inputs. In addition, correlations are made between noise levels and acoustic time histories with IBC phase and amplitude variations. For one IBC input mode with high noise reducing efficiency, a sweep of the moveable microphone traverse below the advancing side shows the effect on BVI noise directivity.

The effect of ilmenite viscosity on the dynamics and evolution of an overturned lunar cumulate mantle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Nan; Dygert, Nick; Liang, Yan; Parmentier, E. M.

2017-07-01

Lunar cumulate mantle overturn and the subsequent upwelling of overturned mantle cumulates provide a potential framework for understanding the first-order thermochemical evolution of the Moon. Upwelling of ilmenite-bearing cumulates (IBCs) after the overturn has a dominant influence on the dynamics and long-term thermal evolution of the lunar mantle. An important parameter determining the stability and convective behavior of the IBC is its viscosity, which was recently constrained through rock deformation experiments. To examine the effect of IBC viscosity on the upwelling of overturned lunar cumulate mantle, here we conduct three-dimensional mantle convection models with an evolving core superposed by an IBC-rich layer, which resulted from mantle overturn after magma ocean solidification. Our modeling shows that a reduction of mantle viscosity by 1 order of magnitude, due to the presence of ilmenite, can dramatically change convective planform and long-term lunar mantle evolution. Our model results suggest a relatively stable partially molten IBC layer that has surrounded the lunar core to the present day.