Sample records for c3h mouse fibrosarcoma

  1. Electrochemical treatment of mouse and rat fibrosarcomas with direct current

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Chou, C.K.; McDougall, J.A.; Ahn, C.

    1997-03-01

    Electrochemical treatment (ECT) of cancer utilizes direct current to produce chemical changes in tumors. ECT has been suggested as an effective alternative local cancer therapy. However, a methodology is not established, and mechanisms are not well studied. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of ECT on animal tumor models. Radiation-induced fibrosarcomas were implanted subcutaneously in 157 female C3H/HeJ mice. Larger rat fibrosarcomas were implanted on 34 female Fisher 344 rats. When the spheroidal tumors reached 10 mm in the mice, two to five platinum electrodes were inserted into the tumors at various spacings and orientations. Ten ratsmore » in a pilot group were treated when their ellipsoidal tumors were about 25 mm long; electrode insertion was similar to the later part of the mouse study; i.e., two at the base and two at the center. A second group of 24 rats was treated with six or seven electrodes when their tumors were about 20 mm long; all electrodes were inserted at the tumor base. Of the 24 rats, 12 of these were treated once, 10 were treated twice, and 2 were treated thrice. All treated tumors showed necrosis and regression for both mice and rats; however, later tumor recurrence reduced long-term survival. When multiple treatments were implemented, the best 3 month mouse tumor cure rate was 59.3%, and the best 6 month rat tumor cure rate was 75.0%. These preliminary results indicate that ECT is effective on the radiation-induced fibrosarcoma (RIF-1) mouse tumor and rat fibrosarcoma. The effectiveness is dependent on electrode placement and dosage.« less

  2. Structure and function of three novel MHC class I antigens derived from a C3H ultraviolet-induced fibrosarcoma

    PubMed Central

    1986-01-01

    The UV-induced, C3H fibrosarcoma, 1591, expresses at least three unique MHC class I antigens not found on normal C3H tissue. Here we report the complete DNA sequence of the three novel class I genes encoding these molecules, and describe in detail the recognition of the individual products by tumor-reactive and allospecific CTL. Remarkably, although C3H does not appear to express H-2L locus information, this C3H tumor expresses two distinct antigens, termed A149 and A166, which are extremely homologous to each other and to the H-2Ld antigen from BALB/c. The gene encoding the third novel class I antigen from 1591, A216, is quite homologous to H-2Kk) throughout its 3' end. Since all three of these genes account for polymorphic restriction fragments not found in C3H, it is likely that they were derived by recombination from the endogenous class I genes of C3H. The DNA sequence homology of A149, A166, and H-2Ld is especially significant given the functional conservation observed between the products of these genes. Limited sequence substitutions appear to correlate with some of the discrete serological differences observed between these molecules. In addition, both A149 and A166 crossreact, but to differing extents, with H-2Ld at the level of T cell recognition. Our results are consistent with the view that CTL recognize complex conformational determinants on class I molecules, but extend previous observations by comparing a set of antigens with discrete and overlapping structural and functional differences. PMID:3489061

  3. Uptake and subcellular distribution of [3H]arachidonic acid in murine fibrosarcoma cells measured by electron microscope autoradiography

    PubMed Central

    1985-01-01

    We have used quantitative electron microscope autoradiography to study uptake and distribution of arachidonate in HSDM1C1 murine fibrosarcoma cells and in EPU-1B, a mutant HSDM1C1 line defective in high affinity arachidonate uptake. Cells were labeled with [3H]arachidonate for 15 min, 40 min, 2 h, or 24 h. Label was found almost exclusively in cellular phospholipids; 92-96% of incorporated radioactivity was retained in cells during fixation and tissue processing. All incorporated radioactivity was found to be associated with cellular membranes. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) contained the bulk of [3H]arachidonate at all time points in both cell types, while mitochondria, which contain a large portion of cellular membrane, were labeled slowly and to substantially lower specific activity. Plasma membrane (PM) also labeled slowly, achieving a specific activity only one-sixth that of ER at 15 min in HSDM1C1 cells (6% of total label) and one-third of ER in EPU-1B (10% of total label). Nuclear membrane (NM) exhibited the highest specific activity of labeling at 15 min in HSDM1C1 cells (twice that of ER) but was not preferentially labeled in the mutant. Over 24 h, PM label intensity increased to that of ER in both cell lines. However, NM activity diminished in HSDM1C1 cells by 24 h to a small fraction of that in ER. In response to agonists, HSDM1C1 cells release labeled arachidonate for eicosanoid synthesis most readily when they have been labeled for short times. Our results therefore suggest that NM and ER, sites of cyclooxygenase in murine fibroblasts, are probably sources for release of [3H]arachidonate, whereas PM and mitochondria are unlikely to be major sources of eicosanoid precursors. PMID:3926781

  4. Spontaneous generation of germline characteristics in mouse fibrosarcoma cells

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ma, Zhan; Hu, Yao; Jiang, Guoying; Hou, Jun; Liu, Ruilai; Lu, Yuan; Liu, Chunfang

    2012-10-01

    Germline/embryonic-specific genes have been found to be activated in somatic tumors. In this study, we further showed that cells functioning as germline could be present in mouse fibrosarcoma cells (L929 cell line). Early germline-like cells spontaneously appeared in L929 cells and further differentiated into oocyte-like cells. These germline-like cells can, in turn, develop into blastocyst-like structures in vitro and cause teratocarcinomas in vivo, which is consistent with natural germ cells in function. Generation of germline-like cells from somatic tumors might provide a novel way to understand why somatic cancer cells have strong features of embryonic/germline development. It is thought that the germline traits of tumors are associated with the central characteristics of malignancy, such as immortalization, invasion, migration and immune evasion. Therefore, germline-like cells in tumors might provide potential targets to tumor biology, diagnosis and therapy.

  5. Fibrosarcomas at presumed sites of injection in dogs: characteristics and comparison with non-vaccination site fibrosarcomas and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas.

    PubMed

    Vascellari, M; Melchiotti, E; Bozza, M A; Mutinelli, F

    2003-08-01

    Fifteen fibrosarcomas, surgically excised from presumed sites of injection in dogs, and 10 canine fibrosarcomas excised from sites not used for injection were histologically and immunohistochemically compared with 20 feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas. Canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites were of grade I (3), of grade II (4) and grade III (8). Two fibrosarcomas from non-injection sites were of grade I, four of grade II and four of grade III. Feline samples were classified as grade I (2), grade II (4) and grade III (14). All fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites of both species showed lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration located at the tumour periphery, while two canine fibrosarcomas from non-injection sites showed perivascular inflammatory infiltration within the neoplasm. All samples were immunohistochemically examined for vimentin, smooth muscle actin, muscle specific actin and desmin expression. All tumours were positive for vimentin. Ten canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and all feline samples contained cells consistent with a myofibroblastic immunophenotype. Aluminium deposits were detected in eight canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and 11 feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas by the aurintricarboxylic acid method. The present study identifies distinct similarities between canine fibrosarcomas from presumed injection sites and feline post-vaccinal fibrosarcomas, suggesting the possibility of the development of post-injection sarcomas not only in cats, but also in dogs.

  6. Determination of the Chronic Mammalian Toxicological Effects of RDX. Twenty-Four Month Chronic Toxicity/Carcinogenicity Study of Hexahydro-1,3,5-Trinitro-1,3,5-Triazine (RDX) in the B6C3F1 Hybrid Mouse. Phase 4, Volume 3, Appendix 11: Final Pathology Report

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1984-04-01

    bladder 1 muscle, s k e l e t a l 5 bone marrow smear --- 3 nasal t u rb ina tes *ti ~ s u e masses ,- and any o the r t i ssues w i t h...Lymphoma, lymphocytic type .__ - __ __ ___ .____. . _ - --- Fibrosarcoma , me ta s t a t i c - __ .._._- _ __._ - - .- Granulosa-cell Carcinoma... Fibrosarcoma , m e t a s t a t i c . -- RENAL LYMPH NODE -- E ’ L - --.I- t Malignant Lymphoma, mixed type Malignant

  7. IDENTIFICATION OF STEREOCHEMICAL CONFIGURATIONS OF CYCLOPENTA[CD]PYRENE-DNA ADDUCTS IN STRAIN A/J MOUSE LUNG AND C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Identification of Sterochemical Configurations of Cyclopent A[cd]Pyrene DNA Adducts in Strain A/J Mouse Lung and C3H10T1/2CL8 Cells.

    Four major and several minor DNA adducts were resolved by 32P-postlabeling analysis of DNA from strain A/J mouse lung and C3H10T1/2CL8 (C3H...

  8. Association rate constants for reactions between resonance-stabilized radicals: C 3H 3 + C 3H 3, C 3H 3 + C 3H 5, and C 3H 5 + C 3H 5

    DOE PAGES

    Georgievskii, Yuri; Miller, James A.; Klippenstein, Stephen J.

    2007-05-18

    Reactions between resonance-stabilized radicals play an important role in combustion chemistry. The theoretical prediction of rate coefficients and product distributions for such reactions is complicated by the fact that the initial complex-formation steps and some dissociation steps are barrierless. In this work, direct variable reaction coordinate transition state theory (VRC-TST) is used to predict accurately the association rate constants for the self and cross reactions of propargyl and allyl radicals. For each reaction, a set of multifaceted dividing surfaces is used to account for the multiple possible addition channels. Because of their resonant nature the geometric relaxation of the radicalsmore » is important. Here, the effect of this relaxation is explicitly calculated with the UB3LYP/cc-pvdz method for each mutual orientation encountered in the configurational integrals over the transition state dividing surfaces. The final energies are obtained from CASPT2/cc-pvdz calculations with all π-orbitals in the active space. Evaluations along the minimum energy path suggest that basis set corrections are negligible. The VRC-TST approach was also used to calculate the association rate constant and the corresponding number of states for the C 6H 5 + HC 6H 6 exit channel of the C 3H 3 + C 3H 3 reaction, which is also barrierless. For this reaction, the interaction energies were evaluated with the CASPT2(2e,2o)/cc-pvdz method and a 1-D correction is included on the basis of CAS+1+2+QC/aug-cc-pvtz calculations for the CH 3 + H reference system. For the C 3H 3 + C 3H 3 reaction, the VRC-TST results for the energy and angular momentum resolved numbers of states in the entrance channels and in the C 6H 5 + H exit channel are incorporated in a master equation simulation to determine the temperature and pressure dependence of the phenomenological rate coefficients. The rate constants for the C 3H 3 + C 3H 3 and C 3H 5 + C 3H 5 self-reactions compare favorably

  9. EVALUATION OF BENZO[C]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T1/2CL8 CELLS

    EPA Science Inventory

    EVALUATION OF BENZO[c]CHRYSENE DIHYDRODIOLS IN THE MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION OF MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLAST C3H10T?CL8 CELLS

    Abstract The morphological cell transforming activities of three dihydrodiols of benzo[c]chrysene (B[c]C), trans-B[c]C-7,8-diol, trans-B[c]C-9...

  10. Apoptosis of mouse MS-2 fibrosarcoma cells induced by photodynamic therapy with Zn (II)-phthalocyanine.

    PubMed

    Zhou, C; Shunji, C; Jinsheng, D; Junlin, L; Jori, G; Milanesi, C

    1996-05-01

    The destructive process of mouse MS-2 fibrosarcoma induced by photodynamic therapy (PDT) with liposome-administered Zn(II)-phthalocyanine (ZnPc) was studied by electron microscopy. Pronounced ultrastructural changes characteristic of apoptosis were observed for several tumour cells, including early occurrence of condensation and margination of chromatin, disappearance of nuclear pores, karyopyknosis, karyorrhexis, protuberance formation at the cell surface and cell fragmentation. The findings indicate that apoptosis was involved in the process of tumour cell death induced by ZnPc-PDT. The detailed mechanism and pathways controlling this phenomenon need to be elucidated further.

  11. Uterine fibrosarcoma in a Warmblood mare.

    PubMed

    Govaere, J; Maes, S; Saey, V; Blancke, W; Hoogewijs, M; Deschauwer, C; Smits, K; Roels, K; Vercauteren, G; de Kruif, A

    2011-06-01

    This paper describes a case of uterine fibrosarcoma in an 18-year-old Warmblood mare. The mare had exhibited bloody fluid accumulation inside the uterus and vaginal haemorrhagic discharge since the previous foaling. The mare was euthanized, and on pathological examination, in addition to the uterine neoplasia, multiple metastases were found in the lungs, liver and spleen. The histological and immunohistochemical examination determined that the tumour was a fibrosarcoma. To our knowledge, this is the first paper to describe a uterine fibrosarcoma in a mare. © 2010 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

  12. Variable phenotypic expressivity in inbred retinal degeneration mouse lines: A comparative study of C3H/HeOu and FVB/N rd1 mice.

    PubMed

    van Wyk, Michiel; Schneider, Sabine; Kleinlogel, Sonja

    2015-01-01

    Recent advances in optogenetics and gene therapy have led to promising new treatment strategies for blindness caused by retinal photoreceptor loss. Preclinical studies often rely on the retinal degeneration 1 (rd1 or Pde6b(rd1)) retinitis pigmentosa (RP) mouse model. The rd1 founder mutation is present in more than 100 actively used mouse lines. Since secondary genetic traits are well-known to modify the phenotypic progression of photoreceptor degeneration in animal models and human patients with RP, negligence of the genetic background in the rd1 mouse model is unwarranted. Moreover, the success of various potential therapies, including optogenetic gene therapy and prosthetic implants, depends on the progress of retinal degeneration, which might differ between rd1 mice. To examine the prospect of phenotypic expressivity in the rd1 mouse model, we compared the progress of retinal degeneration in two common rd1 lines, C3H/HeOu and FVB/N. We followed retinal degeneration over 24 weeks in FVB/N, C3H/HeOu, and congenic Pde6b(+) seeing mouse lines, using a range of experimental techniques including extracellular recordings from retinal ganglion cells, PCR quantification of cone opsin and Pde6b transcripts, in vivo flash electroretinogram (ERG), and behavioral optokinetic reflex (OKR) recordings. We demonstrated a substantial difference in the speed of retinal degeneration and accompanying loss of visual function between the two rd1 lines. Photoreceptor degeneration and loss of vision were faster with an earlier onset in the FVB/N mice compared to C3H/HeOu mice, whereas the performance of the Pde6b(+) mice did not differ significantly in any of the tests. By postnatal week 4, the FVB/N mice expressed significantly less cone opsin and Pde6b mRNA and had neither ERG nor OKR responses. At 12 weeks of age, the retinal ganglion cells of the FVB/N mice had lost all light responses. In contrast, 4-week-old C3H/HeOu mice still had ERG and OKR responses, and we still recorded

  13. Junctional adhesion molecule-C promotes metastatic potential of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Fuse, Chiaki; Ishida, Yuuki; Hikita, Tomoya; Asai, Tomohiro; Oku, Naoto

    2007-03-16

    The junctional adhesion molecule (JAM) family is a key molecule in a process called transendothelial migration or diapedesis. Here, we report implications of JAM-C in cancer metastasis. We first determined the mRNA expression of JAMs in 19 kinds of cancer cell lines. JAM-C was expressed in most of tumors having potent metastatic properties. Especially in murine K-1735 melanoma cell lines, the highly metastatic sublines (M2 and X21) strongly expressed JAM-C when compared with the poorly metastatic ones (C-10 and C23). Next, we investigated the role of JAM-C in cancer metastasis by using human JAM-C (hJAM-C) gene-transfected HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells. In comparison with mock-transfected HT1080 cells, these cells showed a significant increase in the adhesion to various extracellular substrates and the invasion across a Matrigel-coated membrane. The knockdown of hJAM-C using small interfering RNA resulted in the suppression of both the adhesion and the invasion of HT1080 cells, suggesting that endogenous hJAM-C might be involved in tumor metastasis. Finally, we studied the role of hJAM-C in an in vivo experimental metastatic model. The results showed that the overexpression of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells significantly decreased the life spans of the tumorbearing mice. In contrast, the knockdown of hJAM-C in HT1080 cells suppressed the weight gain of the lungs with metastatic colonies. We conclude that the expression of JAM-C promotes metastasis by enhancing both the adhesion of cancer cells to extracellular matrices and the subsequent invasion.

  14. Radiotherapy and hyperthermia in the treatment of fibrosarcomas in the dog.

    PubMed

    Brewer, W G; Turrel, J M

    1982-07-15

    Ten dogs with oral or external nasal fibrosarcoma were treated sequentially with orthovoltage radiation and radiofrequency (RF)-induced hyperthermia. Total radiation doses ranged from 3,200 to 4,800 rad given in 8 to 12 fractions of 400 rad. Immediately after 2 to 4 radiation treatments, hyperthermia was given. Six oral fibrosarcomas were heated to 50 C for 30 sec, using a hand-held RF generator. Four nasomaxillary fibrosarcomas were heated to 43 C for 30 minutes, using a 500-kHz RF generator. Hyperthermia of 50 C resulted in tumor necrosis and infection in 3 dogs and fatal septicemia in 1 dog. Nine of 10 tumors responded to therapy. One year after therapy, 5 dogs were free of disease. Tumor regrowth occurred in 5 dogs. Mean time to tumor regrowth and mean survival time of all dogs were 343 and 398 days, respectively. The results suggested that sequential radiation-hyperthermia is an effective therapeutic regimen for canine fibrosarcoma. It was concluded that this modality not only may be beneficial in the treatment of canine tumors but may be useful for designing new therapeutic approaches to similar tumors in man.

  15. Effect of aged garlic extract on immune responses to experimental fibrosarcoma tumor in BALB/c mice.

    PubMed

    Tabari, M Abouhosseini; Ebrahimpour, S

    2014-01-01

    Aged garlic extract (AGE) has many biological activities including radical scavenging, antioxidative and immunomodulative effects. In this research work, the antitumor and immunomodulatory effects of AGE against fibrosarcoma implanted tumor were studied. WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 0 into the right flank of 40 BALB/c mice at age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly categorized in two separate groups: First received AGE (100 mg/kg, IP), second group as the control group received phosphate buffered saline. Treatments were carried out 3 times/week. Tumor growth was measured and morbidity was recorded. Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T cells were determined using flow cytometry. WEHI-164 cell specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes and in vitro production of interferon gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 cytokines were measured. The mice received AGE had significantly longer survival time compared with the control mice. The inhibitory effect on tumor growth was seen in AGE treated mice. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in vitro IFN-γ production of splenocytes were significantly increased in AGE group. WEHI-164 specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes from AGE mice was also significantly increased at 25:1 E: T ratio. Administration of AGE resulted in improved immune responses against experimentally implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in BALB/c mice. AGE showed significant effects on inhibition of tumor growth and longevity of survival times.

  16. The interstellar chemistry of C3H and C3H2 isomers

    PubMed Central

    Loison, Jean-Christophe; Agúndez, Marcelino; Wakelam, Valentine; Roueff, Evelyne; Gratier, Pierre; Marcelino, Núria; Nuñez Reyes, Dianailys; Cernicharo, José; Gerin, Maryvonne

    2017-01-01

    We report the detection of linear and cyclic isomers of C3H and C3H2 towards various starless cores and review the corresponding chemical pathways involving neutral (C3Hx with x=1,2) and ionic (C3Hx+ with x = 1,2,3) isomers. We highlight the role of the branching ratio of electronic Dissociative Recombination (DR) reactions of C3H2+ and C3H3+ isomers showing that the statistical treatment of the relaxation of C3H* and C3H2* produced in these DR reactions may explain the relative c,l-C3H and c,l-C3H2 abundances. We have also introduced in the model the third isomer of C3H2 (HCCCH). The observed cyclic-to-linear C3H2 ratio vary from 110 ± 30 for molecular clouds with a total density around 1×104 molecules.cm-3 to 30 ± 10 for molecular clouds with a total density around 4×105 molecules.cm-3, a trend well reproduced with our updated model. The higher ratio for low molecular cloud densities is mainly determined by the importance of the H + l-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 and H + t-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 isomerization reactions. PMID:29142332

  17. The interstellar chemistry of C3H and C3H2 isomers

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Loison, Jean-Christophe; Agúndez, Marcelino; Wakelam, Valentine; Roueff, Evelyne; Gratier, Pierre; Marcelino, Núria; Reyes, Dianailys Nuñez; Cernicharo, José; Gerin, Maryvonne

    2017-10-01

    We report the detection of linear and cyclic isomers of C3H and C3H2 towards various starless cores and review the corresponding chemical pathways involving neutral (C3Hx with x = 1,2) and ionic (C3Hx+ with x = 1,2,3) isomers. We highlight the role of the branching ratio of electronic dissociative recombination (DR) reactions of C3H2+ and C3H3+ isomers, showing that the statistical treatment of the relaxation of C3H* and C3H2* produced in these DR reactions may explain the relative c,l-C3H and c,l-C3H2 abundances. We have also introduced in the model the third isomer of C3H2 (HCCCH). The observed cyclic-to-linear C3H2 ratio varies from 110 ± 30 for molecular clouds with a total density of about 1 × 104 molecules cm-3 to 30 ± 10 for molecular clouds with a total density of about 4 × 105 molecules cm-3, a trend well reproduced with our updated model. The higher ratio for molecular clouds with low densities is determined mainly by the importance of the H + l-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 and H + t-C3H2 → H + c-C3H2 isomerization reactions.

  18. Activation of K-ras by codon 13 mutations in C57BL/6 X C3H F1 mouse tumors induced by exposure to 1,3-butadiene.

    PubMed

    Goodrow, T; Reynolds, S; Maronpot, R; Anderson, M

    1990-08-01

    1,3-Butadiene has been detected in urban air, gasoline vapors, and cigarette smoke. It has been estimated that 65,000 workers are exposed to this chemical in occupational settings in the United States. Lymphomas, lung, and liver tumors were induced in female and male C57BL/6 X C3H F1 (hereafter called B6C3F1) mice by inhalation of 6.25 to 625 ppm 1,3-butadiene for 1 to 2 years. The objective of this study was to examine these tumors for the presence of activated protooncogenes by the NIH 3T3 transfection and nude mouse tumorigenicity assays. Transfection of DNA isolated from 7 of 9 lung tumors and 7 of 12 liver tumors induced morphological transformation of NIH 3T3 cells. Southern blot analysis indicated that the transformation induced by 6 lung and 3 liver tumor DNA samples was due to transfer of a K-ras oncogene. Four of the 7 liver tumors that were positive upon transfection contained an activated H-ras gene. The identity of the transforming gene in one of the lung tumors has not been determined but was not a member of the ras family or a met or raf gene. Eleven 1,3-butadiene-induced lymphomas were examined for transforming genes using the nude mouse tumorigenicity assay. Activated K-ras genes were detected in 2 of the 11 lymphomas assayed. DNA sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified ras gene exons revealed that 9 of 11 of the activating K-ras mutations were G to C transversions in codon 13. One liver tumor contained an activated K-ras gene with mutations in both codons 60 and 61. The activating mutation in one of the K-ras genes from a lymphoma was not identified but DNA sequence analysis of amplified regions in proximity to codons 12, 13, and 61 demonstrated that the mutation was not located in or near these codons. Activation of K-ras genes by codon 13 mutations has not been found in any lung or liver tumors or lymphomas from untreated B6C3F1 mice. Thus, the K-ras activation found in 1,3-butadiene-induced B6C3F1 mouse tumors probably occurred as a

  19. Tumor-associated erythrocytosis in a dog with nasal fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Couto, C G; Boudrieau, R J; Zanjani, E D

    1989-01-01

    Erythrocytosis (hematocrit, 79%) was diagnosed in an 8-year-old, neutered female, mixed-breed dog with an intranasal fibrosarcoma. Both serum and tumor erythropoietin (Ep) activities were elevated, as determined by the polycythemic exhypoxic mouse model, and the Ep activity was neutralized in that model by rabbit anti-Ep antibodies. Tumor resection normalized the hematocrit.

  20. PRMT5-mediated histone H4 arginine-3 symmetrical dimethylation marks chromatin at G + C-rich regions of the mouse genome

    PubMed Central

    Girardot, Michael; Hirasawa, Ryutaro; Kacem, Salim; Fritsch, Lauriane; Pontis, Julien; Kota, Satya K.; Filipponi, Doria; Fabbrizio, Eric; Sardet, Claude; Lohmann, Felix; Kadam, Shilpa; Ait-Si-Ali, Slimane; Feil, Robert

    2014-01-01

    Symmetrical dimethylation on arginine-3 of histone H4 (H4R3me2s) has been reported to occur at several repressed genes, but its specific regulation and genomic distribution remained unclear. Here, we show that the type-II protein arginine methyltransferase PRMT5 controls H4R3me2s in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). In these differentiated cells, we find that the genome-wide pattern of H4R3me2s is highly similar to that in embryonic stem cells. In both the cell types, H4R3me2s peaks are detected predominantly at G + C-rich regions. Promoters are consistently marked by H4R3me2s, independently of transcriptional activity. Remarkably, H4R3me2s is mono-allelic at imprinting control regions (ICRs), at which it marks the same parental allele as H3K9me3, H4K20me3 and DNA methylation. These repressive chromatin modifications are regulated independently, however, since PRMT5-depletion in MEFs resulted in loss of H4R3me2s, without affecting H3K9me3, H4K20me3 or DNA methylation. Conversely, depletion of ESET (KMT1E) or SUV420H1/H2 (KMT5B/C) affected H3K9me3 and H4K20me3, respectively, without altering H4R3me2s at ICRs. Combined, our data indicate that PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s uniquely marks the mammalian genome, mostly at G + C-rich regions, and independently from transcriptional activity or chromatin repression. Furthermore, comparative bioinformatics analyses suggest a putative role of PRMT5-mediated H4R3me2s in chromatin configuration in the nucleus. PMID:24097435

  1. Effects of the Lexington LaserComb on hair regrowth in the C3H/HeJ mouse model of alopecia areata.

    PubMed

    Wikramanayake, Tongyu Cao; Rodriguez, Rosa; Choudhary, Sonal; Mauro, Lucia M; Nouri, Keyvan; Schachner, Lawrence A; Jimenez, Joaquin J

    2012-03-01

    Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease that presents with non-scarring alopecia. It is characterized by intra- or peri-follicular lymphocytic infiltrates composed of CD4+ and CD8+ T-cells on histology. To this day, few treatments are effective for AA. Here we present findings of using a low-level laser comb to alleviate the symptoms of AA in a C3H/HeJ mouse model for AA. Fourteen C3H/HeJ mice with induced AA were used in this study. Two were killed to confirm AA through histology. The remaining 12 mice were randomized into two groups; group I received HairMax LaserComb (wavelength: 655 nm, beam diameter <5 mm; divergence 57 mrad; nine lasers) for 20 s daily, three times per week for a total of 6 weeks; group II was treated similarly, except that the laser was turned off (sham-treated). After 6 weeks of LaserComb treatment, hair regrowth was observed in all the mice in group I (laser-treated) but none in group II (sham-treated). On histology, increased number of anagen hair follicles was observed in laser-treated mice. On the other hand, sham-treated mice demonstrated hair follicles in the telogen phase with no hair shaft. LaserComb seems to be an effective and convenient device for the treatment of AA in the C3H/HeJ mouse model. Human studies are required to determine the efficacy and safety of this device for AA therapy.

  2. Primary Central Nervous System Fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Vinodh, V P; Harun, Rahmat; Sellamuthu, Pulivendhan; Kandasamy, Regunath

    2017-08-01

    We report a rare case of a young female with primary brain fibrosarcoma, and to the best of our knowledge, we believe that only <50 cases have been reported or described worldwide so far. Fibrosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm, in which histologically the predominant cells are fibroblasts that divide excessively without cellular control and they can invade local tissues or metastasize. Primary central nervous system fibrosarcomas are very aggressive neoplasms and generally have a poor prognosis. This tumor is either from sarcomatous transformation of a meningioma or arises de novo within the brain parenchyma. Our patient, a 48-year-old woman, who presented with progressive speech disorder over the period of 4 months, showed a left temporoparietal lesion with surrounding edema and local mass effect. Total surgical resection was achieved. Histopathology revealed classical fibrosarcoma features and secondary screening revealed no other distant lesion as diagnosis of primary brain fibrosarcoma was established. This case is deemed to be extremely rare because most reports claim that recurrence is within 6 months with poor prognosis; however, this patient is currently recurrence-free at 3 years. This would suggest of the possibility for a relook into this disease's course and recurrence rate when complete excision is achieved. Due to extreme rarity of these tumors, more comparative studies will be needed to improve the disease outcome.

  3. Fibrosarcoma of nose and paranasal sinuses.

    PubMed

    Agarwal, M K; Gupta, S; Gupta, O P; Samant, H C

    1980-01-01

    Involvement of nose and maxilla by fibrosarcoma is extremely rare. Only a few cases of fibrosarcoma arising in this region are reported in the world literature. Two cases of fibrosarcoma are described, and the literature relating to this disease entity is briefly reviewed. Salient features helping in the diagnosis and management of fibrosarcoma also are highlighted.

  4. Corneal fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Strong, Travis D; Tangeman, Sarah; Ben-Shlomo, Gil; Haynes, Joseph; Allbaugh, Rachel A

    2016-07-01

    To present the clinicopathologic features of a Domestic Short-haired cat with spontaneous, intermediate-grade corneal fibrosarcoma, possibly secondary to chronic corneal irritation associated with a corneal sequestrum. A 12-year-old, spayed female Domestic Short-haired cat was evaluated for a slowly growing, pink, exophytic mass affecting the left cornea. The cat had presented 6 years previously for bilateral brown corneal sequestra, as well as 3 years previously for a small pale growth on the left cornea hypothesized to be an epithelial inclusion cyst and a corneal ulcer affecting the right eye. Incisional biopsy of the corneal mass indicated intermediate-grade corneal fibrosarcoma within the corneal stroma. Owing to the potential for malignant behavior, the left globe was enucleated. Routine systemic staging was performed prior to surgery with no evidence of metastasis. Definitive diagnosis of corneal fibrosarcoma was made through histopathologic examination of the incisional biopsy. There was an elevated mitotic index, indicating an intermediate-grade phenotype. Histopathology of the enucleated globe substantiated the initial findings, and complete tumor resection was confirmed. Subjacent to the corneal fibrosarcoma, there was a region of necrotic tissue suggestive of a corneal sequestrum. Six months after diagnosis and enucleation, the patient remained healthy with no signs of local spread or distant metastasis. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first documented case of a corneal fibrosarcoma in a cat. © 2016 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

  5. Chemokines expression during Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni infection in resistant BALB/c and susceptible C3H/HeJ mice.

    PubMed

    da Silva, Josefa B; Ramos, Tatiane M V; de Franco, Marcelo; Paiva, Delhi; Ho, Paulo Lee; Martins, Elizabeth A L; Pereira, Martha M

    2009-08-01

    The role of innate immune responses in protection against leptospirosis remains unclear. We examined the expression of the chemokines CCL2/JE (MCP-1), CCL3/MIP-1 alpha (MIP-1 alpha) and CXCL1/KC (IL-8) regarding resistance and susceptibility to leptospirosis in experimental mice models BALB/c and C3H/HeJ, respectively. A virulent strain of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni was used in this study. Twenty-five animals of each mouse strain of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c, were infected intraperitoneally with 10(6) cells. Five un-infected animals of each strain were kept as control. Mortality of C3H/HeJ mouse was observed while BALB/c mice were asymptomatic. The presence of leptospire DNA in tissues of infected animals was demonstrated by PCR. Chemokines were measured in serum, spleen, liver, kidney and lung of both strains of animals using immunoenzymatic assay (ELISA). Elevations in the levels of chemokines MCP-1 and IL-8 occurred in all organs and sera of C3H/HeJ and BALB/c infected mice. The levels of MIP-1 alpha were lower when compared to MCP-1 and IL-8 in all analyzed organs, with a slight increase in liver and kidney. Our results indicate that the expression of inflammatory mediators can vary greatly, depending on the tissue and mouse strains. It is possible that the resistance to Leptospira can be partially correlated to the increase of MIP-1 alpha observed in BALB/c mice, while an increasing and a sustained expression of MCP-1 and IL-8 in the lungs of C3H/HeJ mice can be correlated to the severity and progression of leptospirosis.

  6. C3aR and C5aR1 act as key regulators of human and mouse β-cell function.

    PubMed

    Atanes, Patricio; Ruz-Maldonado, Inmaculada; Pingitore, Attilio; Hawkes, Ross; Liu, Bo; Zhao, Min; Huang, Guo Cai; Persaud, Shanta J; Amisten, Stefan

    2018-02-01

    Complement components 3 and 5 (C3 and C5) play essential roles in the complement system, generating C3a and C5a peptides that are best known as chemotactic and inflammatory factors. In this study we characterised islet expression of C3 and C5 complement components, and the impact of C3aR and C5aR1 activation on islet function and viability. Human and mouse islet mRNAs encoding key elements of the complement system were quantified by qPCR and distribution of C3 and C5 proteins was determined by immunohistochemistry. Activation of C3aR and C5aR1 was determined using DiscoverX beta-arrestin assays. Insulin secretion from human and mouse islets was measured by radioimmunoassay, and intracellular calcium ([Ca 2+ ]i), ATP generation and apoptosis were assessed by standard techniques. C3 and C5 proteins and C3aR and C5aR1 were expressed by human and mouse islets, and C3 and C5 were mainly localised to β- and α-cells. Conditioned media from islets exposed for 1 h to 5.5 and 20 mM glucose stimulated C3aR and C5aR1-driven beta-arrestin recruitment. Activation of C3aR and C5aR1 potentiated glucose-induced insulin secretion from human and mouse islets, increased [Ca 2+ ]i and ATP generation, and protected islets against apoptosis induced by a pro-apoptotic cytokine cocktail or palmitate. Our observations demonstrate a functional link between activation of components of the innate immune system and improved β-cell function, suggesting that low-level chronic inflammation may improve glucose homeostasis through direct effects on β-cells.

  7. Structure of the c-Ki-ras gene in a rat fibrosarcoma induced by 1,8-dinitropyrene.

    PubMed Central

    Tahira, T; Hayashi, K; Ochiai, M; Tsuchida, N; Nagao, M; Sugimura, T

    1986-01-01

    Restriction enzyme maps were made of the region around exons 1 and 2 of activated c-Ki-ras of a fibrosarcoma (1,8-DNP2) induced in a rat by 1,8-dinitropyrene. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that activated c-Ki-ras shows a G----T transversion in codon 12 and consequently encodes cysteine instead of glycine in normal rat c-Ki-ras. PMID:3023884

  8. Recurrent EML4-NTRK3 fusions in infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital mesoblastic nephroma suggest a revised testing strategy.

    PubMed

    Church, Alanna J; Calicchio, Monica L; Nardi, Valentina; Skalova, Alena; Pinto, Andre; Dillon, Deborah A; Gomez-Fernandez, Carmen R; Manoj, Namitha; Haimes, Josh D; Stahl, Joshua A; Dela Cruz, Filemon S; Tannenbaum-Dvir, Sarah; Glade-Bender, Julia L; Kung, Andrew L; DuBois, Steven G; Kozakewich, Harry P; Janeway, Katherine A; Perez-Atayde, Antonio R; Harris, Marian H

    2018-03-01

    Infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital mesoblastic nephroma are tumors of infancy traditionally associated with the ETV6-NTRK3 gene fusion. However, a number of case reports have identified variant fusions in these tumors. In order to assess the frequency of variant NTRK3 fusions, and in particular whether the recently identified EML4-NTRK3 fusion is recurrent, 63 archival cases of infantile fibrosarcoma, congenital mesoblastic nephroma, mammary analog secretory carcinoma and secretory breast carcinoma (tumor types that are known to carry recurrent ETV6-NTRK3 fusions) were tested with NTRK3 break-apart FISH, EML4-NTRK3 dual fusion FISH, and targeted RNA sequencing. The EML4-NTRK3 fusion was identified in two cases of infantile fibrosarcoma (one of which was previously described), and in one case of congenital mesoblastic nephroma, demonstrating that the EML4-NTRK3 fusion is a recurrent genetic event in these related tumors. The growing spectrum of gene fusions associated with infantile fibrosarcoma and congenital mesoblastic nephroma along with the recent availability of targeted therapies directed toward inhibition of NTRK signaling argue for alternate testing strategies beyond ETV6 break-apart FISH. The use of either NTRK3 FISH or next-generation sequencing will expand the number of cases in which an oncogenic fusion is identified and facilitate optimal diagnosis and treatment for patients.

  9. [Induction of robust senescence-associated secretory phenotype in mouse NIH-3T3 cells by mitomycin C].

    PubMed

    Huang, Wei-Xing; Guo, Xiao-Xuan; Peng, Zhong-Zhi; Weng, Chun-Liang; Huang, Chun-Yan; Shi, Ben-Yan; Yang, Jie; Liao, Xiao-Xin; Li, Xiao-Yi; Zheng, Hui-Ling; Liu, Xin-Guang; Sun, Xue-Rong

    2017-02-25

    Senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP) is often a concomitant result of cell senescence, embodied by the enhanced function of secretion. The SASP factors secreted by senescent cells include cytokines, proteases and chemokines, etc, which can exert great influence on local as well as systemic environment and participate in the process of cell senescence, immunoregulation, angiogenesis, cell proliferation and tumor invasion, etc. Relative to the abundance of SASP models in human cells, the in vitro SASP model derived from mouse cells is scarce at present. Therefore, the study aimed to establish a mouse SASP model to facilitate the research in the field. With this objective, we treated the INK4a-deficient mouse NIH-3T3 cells and the wildtype mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEF) respectively with mitomycin C (MMC), an anticarcinoma drug which could induce DNA damage. The occurring of cell senescence was evaluated by cell morphology, β-gal staining, integration ratio of EdU and Western blot. Quantitative RT-PCR and ELISA were used to detect the expression and secretion of SASP factors, respectively. The results showed that, 8 days after the treatment of NIH-3T3 cells with MMC (1 μg/mL) for 12 h or 24 h, the cells became enlarged and the ratios of β-gal-positive (blue-stained) cells significantly increased, up to 77.4% and 90.4%, respectively. Meanwhile, the expression of P21 protein increased and the integration ratios of EdU significantly decreased (P < 0.01). Quantitative RT-PCR detection showed that the mRNA levels of several SASP genes, including IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1α and IL-1β increased evidently. ELISA detection further observed an enhanced secretion of IL-6 (P < 0.01). On the contrary, although wildtype MEF could also be induced into senescence by MMC treatment for 12 h or 24 h, embodied by the enlarged cell volume, increased ratios of β-gal-positive cells (up to 71.7% and 80.2%, respectively) and enhanced expression of P21 protein, the secretion of IL

  10. Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors

    PubMed Central

    Ciria, HC; Quevedo, MS; Cabrales, LB; Bruzón, RP; Salas, MF; Pena, OG; González, TR; López, DS; Flores, JM

    2004-01-01

    Background In vivo studies were conducted to quantify the effectiveness of low-level direct electric current for different amounts of electrical charge and the survival rate in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors, also the effect of direct electric in Ehrlich tumor was evaluate through the measurements of tumor volume and the peritumoral and tumoral findings. Methods BALB/c male mice, 7–8 week old and 20–22 g weight were used. Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 cell lines, growing in BALB/c mice. Solid and subcutaneous Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors, located dorsolaterally in animals, were initiated by the inoculation of 5 × 106 and 1 × 105 viable tumor cells, respectively. For each type of tumor four groups (one control group and three treated groups) consisting of 10 mice randomly divided were formed. When the tumors reached approximately 0.5 cm3, four platinum electrodes were inserted into their bases. The electric charge delivered to the tumors was varied in the range of 5.5 to 110 C/cm3 for a constant time of 45 minutes. An additional experiment was performed in BALB/c male mice bearing Ehrlich tumor to examine from a histolological point of view the effects of direct electric current. A control group and a treated group with 77 C/cm3 (27.0 C in 0.35 cm3) and 10 mA for 45 min were formed. In this experiment when the tumor volumes reached 0.35 cm3, two anodes and two cathodes were inserted into the base perpendicular to the tumor long axis. Results Significant tumor growth delay and survival rate were achieved after electrotherapy and both were dependent on direct electric current intensity, being more marked in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor. Complete regressions for fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors were observed for electrical charges of 80 and 92 C/cm3, respectively. Histopathological and peritumoral findings in Ehrlich tumor revealed in the treated group marked tumor necrosis, vascular congestion, peritumoral neutrophil infiltration, an acute

  11. Characteristics of a Virus Isolated from a Feline Fibrosarcoma

    PubMed Central

    McKissick, G. E.; Lamont, P. H.

    1970-01-01

    A virus was isolated from a radioresistant feline fibrosarcoma. It induced multi-nucleated giant-cell formation and lysis in a cell line derived from a canine fibro-sarcoma, which was used to characterize the virus. End-point titrations in these cells required 28 days. The virus was sensitive to ether and heat and was destroyed at pH 3. Replication was not inhibited by 5-bromodeoxyuridine. Electron microscopy revealed assembly by a budding process from the plasma membrane of infected cells. The average diameter of the virion was 106 nm. Intracisternal particles with an average diameter of 45 nm were present within infected cells. In two instances secondary monolayers of feline renal cells underwent morphological transformation after inoculation of the virus. The two strains of transformed cells are now in continuous culture and do not yield infectious virus. Images PMID:4194169

  12. Comparative Analyses of H3K4 and H3K27 Trimethylations Between the Mouse Cerebrum and Testis

    PubMed Central

    Cui, Peng; Liu, Wanfei; Zhao, Yuhui; Lin, Qiang; Zhang, Daoyong; Ding, Feng; Xin, Chengqi; Zhang, Zhang; Song, Shuhui; Sun, Fanglin; Yu, Jun; Hu, Songnian

    2012-01-01

    The global features of H3K4 and H3K27 trimethylations (H3K4me3 and H3K27me3) have been well studied in recent years, but most of these studies were performed in mammalian cell lines. In this work, we generated the genome-wide maps of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 of mouse cerebrum and testis using ChIP-seq and their high-coverage transcriptomes using ribominus RNA-seq with SOLiD technology. We examined the global patterns of H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 in both tissues and found that modifications are closely-associated with tissue-specific expression, function and development. Moreover, we revealed that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes, which contradicts the findings in previous studies. Finally, we observed that bivalent domains, with both H3K4me3 and H3K27me3, existed ubiquitously in both tissues and demonstrated an invariable preference for the regulation of developmentally-related genes. However, the bivalent domains tend towards a “winner-takes-all” approach to regulate the expression of associated genes. We also verified the above results in mouse ES cells. As expected, the results in ES cells are consistent with those in cerebrum and testis. In conclusion, we present two very important findings. One is that H3K4me3 and H3K27me3 rarely occur in silent genes. The other is that bivalent domains may adopt a “winner-takes-all” principle to regulate gene expression. PMID:22768982

  13. 3D chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane model as an in vivo model to study morphological and histopathological features of feline fibrosarcomas.

    PubMed

    Zabielska-Koczywąs, Katarzyna; Wojtkowska, Agata; Dolka, Izabella; Małek, Anna; Walewska, Magdalena; Wojtalewicz, Anna; Żbikowski, Artur; Lechowski, Roman

    2017-06-26

    The chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model is well described in human medicine as a cost-effective, easy to perform preclinical oncological model for observing pro- and antiangiogenic response, tumor biology and metastasis. The main objective of this article was to present the modification of the CAM assay in order to evaluate tumor growth from two feline fibrosarcoma cell lines (FFS1, FFS3) and describe their morphological and histopathological features. The authors described morphological and histopathological features of two feline fibrosarcoma cell lines (FFS1 and FFS3) grown on the CAM. Tumors from the FFS1 cell line showed high malignancy (grade III), while tumors from the FFS3 cell line were grade II. Proliferation markers (Ki-67 and PCNA) were determined and the positive correlation between PCNA and tumor grade (r = 0.8247; p < 0.001) was demonstrated, as opposed to Ki-67. The results obtained indicate that PCNA may be helpful to evaluate the tumor grade, better than Ki-67, for feline fibrosarcomas. However, further investigations of proliferation marker, in bigger number of feline spontaneous fibrosarcomas and feline fibrosarcomas grown on the CAM from different cell lines, are needed to confirm these observations.

  14. The radiosensitivity of a murine fibrosarcoma as measured by three cell survival assays.

    PubMed Central

    Rice, L.; Urano, M.; Suit, H. D.

    1980-01-01

    The radiation sensitivity of a weakly immunogenic spontaneous fibrosarcoma of the C3Hf/Sed mouse (designated FSa-II) was assessed by three in vivo cell survival methods: end-point dilution (TD50) assay, lung colony (LC) assay, and agar diffusion chamber (ADC) assay. The hypoxic fraction of this tumour was also determined by the ADC method. Although there was a good agreement of the cell survival data between the ADC and LC methods, the TD50 method yielded a considerably less steep cell survival curve. Beneficial aspects and limitations of each assay are discussed. In addition, the use of the ADC method for the growth of xenogeneic cell lines and a preliminary experiment with human tumour cells in non-immunosuppressed hosts suggest that this method may be a valuable adjunct for studying the growth and therapeutic responses of human tumour cells. PMID:6932931

  15. Phase Equilibria and Transport Properties in the Systems AgNO3/RCN/H2O. R = CH3, C2H5, C3H7, C4H,, C6H5, and C6H5CH2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Das, Surjya P.; Wittekopf, Burghard; Weil, Konrad G.

    1988-11-01

    Silver nitrate can form homogeneous liquid phases with some organic nitriles and water, even when there is no miscibility between the pure liquid components. We determined the shapes of the single phase regions in the ternary phase diagram for the following systems: silver nitrate /RCN /H2O with R =CH3, C3H7, C6H5, and C6H5CH2 at room temperature and for R =C6H5 also at 60 °C and O °C. Furthermore we studied kinematic viscosities, electrical conductivities, and densities of mixtures containing silver nitrate, RCN, and water with the mole ratios X /4 /1 (0.2≦ X ≦S 3.4). In these cases also R = C2H5 and C4H9 were studied. The organic nitriles show different dependences of viscosity and conductivity on the silver nitrate content from the aliphatic ones.

  16. Induction of morphological transformation in mouse C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells and chromosomal damage in hamster A(T1)C1-3 cells by cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

    PubMed

    Benedict, W F; Banerjee, A; Gardner, A; Jones, P A

    1977-07-01

    Various cancer chemotherapeutic agents including alkylating agents, antimetabolites, and antibiotics or natural products were studied for their ability to produce morphological transformation in the C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 mouse cell line and chromosomal damage in the A(T1)C1-3 hamster cell line following a 24-hr exposure of each agent at different concentrations. Those drugs that were known to be carcinogenic in vivo also produced morphological transformation and chromosomal damage, whereas those agents that have not been shown to be carcinogenic in vivo produced neither transformation nor chromosomal lesions. The concentrations used for these studies were in general similar to those actually reached in the plasma of patients treated with these same drugs for malignant, as well as certain nonmalignant, conditions.

  17. Fibrosarcoma of the ethmoid.

    PubMed

    Smith, M C; Soames, J V

    1989-07-01

    Fibrosarcoma may involve the ethmoid sinus by extension from the maxillary antrum or, more rarely, arise as a primary neoplasm. A case of a well differentiated primary fibrosarcoma of the ethmoid sinuses is reported which presented in a 24-year-old male. The tumour was treated by wide local resection. From a review of similar cases in the literature together with their treatment modalities and outcome, it is concluded that wide local resection is the treatment of choice.

  18. CFD Growth of 3C-SiC on 4H/6H Mesas

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, Philip G.; Trunek, Andrew J.; Spry, David J.; Powell, J. Anthony; Du, Hui; Skowronski, Marek; Huang, XianRong; Dudley, Michael

    2006-01-01

    This article describes growth and characterization of the highest quality reproducible 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial films ever reported. By properly nucleating 3C-SiC growth on top of perfectly on-axis (0001) 4H-SiC mesa surfaces completely free of atomic scale steps and extended defects, growth of 3C-SiC mesa heterofilms completely free of extended crystal defects can be achieved. In contrast, nucleation and growth of 3C-SiC mesa heterofilms on top of 4H-SiC mesas with atomic-scale steps always results in numerous observable dislocations threading through the 3C-SiC epilayer. High-resolution X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements indicate non-trivial in-plane lattice mismatch between the 3C and 4H layers. This mismatch is somewhat relieved in the step-free mesa case via misfit dislocations confined to the 3C/4H interfacial region without dislocations threading into the overlying 3C-SiC layer. These results indicate that the presence or absence of steps at the 3C/4H heteroepitaxial interface critically impacts the quality, defect structure, and relaxation mechanisms of single-crystal heteroepitaxial 3C-SiC films.

  19. Fibrosarcoma of the Gingiva: An Unusual Presentation

    PubMed Central

    Akhtar, Kafil; Hasan, Syed Abrar; Sherwani, Rana K; Ahmad, Murad

    2016-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of the fibroblasts, which is liable to recur and metastasize, most frequently in the lungs. Although fibrosarcomas are rare, they can occur anywhere in the body. The most common sites are in the retroperitoneum, thigh, knee, and distal extremities. It is very uncommon in the head and neck region and comprises only about 1% of all the malignancies in humans. Almost 23% are seen in the oral cavity. The prognosis for fibrosarcomas is poor with a five-year survival rate of 20–35%. The common modality of treatment is radical surgery. We report a rare presentation of gingival fibrosarcoma in a young female, who presented with a painless lump. PMID:27403246

  20. Fibrosarcoma of the nose and the paranasal sinuses.

    PubMed

    Olekszyk, J; Siliunas, V; Mauer, T; Biondi, R

    1989-07-01

    We report a case of fibrosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses and give a brief review of the literature. Fibrosarcoma of the nose and paranasal sinuses is uncommon, and few cases have been reported to date. Previously these tumors may have been overdiagnosed secondary to inadequate diagnostic procedures. Because histologic diagnosis is difficult, these tumors have been confused with other lesions of the head and neck. Thus, the improvement in diagnostic procedures has significantly reduced the reported incidence of fibrosarcoma. Because histologic diagnosis is difficult, this tumor has often been confused with other lesions of the head and neck. To ensure proper handling of the tissue, the pathologist should be informed if fibrosarcoma is suspected. It may be necessary to use electron microscopy or staining techniques such as immunoperoxidase stains to distinguish fibrosarcoma from other lesions. Unfortunately, the early signs and symptoms of the tumor are vague and sometimes misleading. Thus, at the patient's initial visit, it is important that the physician consider the possibility of fibrosarcoma.

  1. Identities of P2 and P3 Residues of H-2Kb-Bound Peptides Determine Mouse Ly49C Recognition

    PubMed Central

    Marquez, Elsa A.; Kane, Kevin P.

    2015-01-01

    Ly49 receptors can be peptide selective in their recognition of MHC-I-peptide complexes, affording them a level of discrimination beyond detecting the presence or absence of specific MHC-I allele products. Despite this ability, little is understood regarding the properties that enable some peptides, when bound to MHC-I molecules, to support Ly49 recognition, but not others. Using RMA-S target cells expressing MHC-I molecules loaded with individual peptides and effector cells expressing the ectodomain of the inhibitory Ly49C receptor, we found that two adjacent amino acid residues, P2 and P3, both buried in the peptide binding groove of H-2Kb, determine mouse Ly49C specificity. If both are aliphatic residues, this is supportive. Whereas, small amino acids at P2 and aromatic amino acids at the P3 auxiliary anchor residue are detrimental to Ly49C recognition. These results resemble those with a rat Ly49 where the identity of a peptide anchor residue determines recognition, suggesting that dependence on specific peptide residues buried in the MHC-I peptide-binding groove may be fundamental to Ly49 peptide selectivity and recognition. PMID:26147851

  2. Hepatic fibrosarcoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat.

    PubMed

    Linton, Michael; Tong, Lydia; Simon, Adrian; Buffa, Eugene; McGregor, Ross; Labruyére, Julien; Foster, Darren

    2016-01-01

    A 14-year-old, female neutered domestic shorthair presented for dyspnoea. Thoracic ultrasonography and radiography showed that a heterogeneous mass was present within the pericardial sac, and the mass continued caudally with the mesenteric fat. On CT, the outline of the diaphragm was not continuous and there was an obvious defect with diaphragmatic thickening present at the mid-level of the liver. A pleural effusion and a small-volume pericardial effusion were also present. A ventral midline coeliotomy and median sternotomy revealed a 5 × 6 × 7 cm firm, irregular, tan-coloured soft tissue mass within the pericardial sac attached to both the diaphragmatic defect and liver. The mass was carefully dissected away from the heart and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired with primary closure. Postoperatively, the cat had a persistent pneumothorax that required continuous pleural suction for 41 h. The cat died 44 h postoperatively. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the mass to be a hepatic fibrosarcoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). This is the first reported case of metaplastic transformation of liver into a sarcoma in a cat with PPDH. In addition, hepatic fibrosarcoma is a rarely reported location for fibrosarcoma in this species.

  3. 1H, 15N and 13C NMR Assignments of Mouse Methionine Sulfoxide Reductase B2

    PubMed Central

    Breivik, Åshild S.; Aachmann, Finn L.; Sal, Lena S.; Kim, Hwa-Young; Del Conte, Rebecca; Gladyshev, Vadim N.; Dikiy, Alexander

    2011-01-01

    A recombinant mouse methionine-r-sulfoxide reductase 2 (MsrB2ΔS) isotopically labeled with 15N and 15N/13C was generated. We report here the 1H, 15N and 13C NMR assignments of the reduced form of this protein. PMID:19636904

  4. Isotropic C6, C8 and C10 interaction coefficients for CH 4, C 2H 6, C 3H 8, n-C 4H 10 and cyclo- C3H 6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thomas, Gerald F.; Mulder, Fred; Meath, William J.

    1980-12-01

    The non-empirical generalized Kirkwood, Unsöld, and the single-Δ Unsöld methods (with double-zeta quality SCF wave-functions) are used to calculate isotropic dispersion (and induction) energy coefficients C2n, with n ⩽ 5, for interactions involving ground state CH 4, C 2H 6, C 3H 8, n-C 4H 10 and cyclo-C 3H 6. Results are also given for the related multipole polarizabilities α l, multipole sums S1/(0) and S1(-1) which are evaluated using sum rules, and the permanent multipole moments. for l = 1 (dipole) to l = 3 (octupole). Estimates of the reliability of the non-empirical methods, for the type of molecules considered, are obtained by a comparison with accurate literature values of α 1S1(-1) and C6. This, and the asymptotic properties of the multipolar expansion of the dispersion energy, the use to discuss recommended representation for the isotropic long range interaction energies through R-10 where R is the intermolecular separation.

  5. Immunomodulatory properties of silver nanoparticles contribute to anticancer strategy for murine fibrosarcoma

    PubMed Central

    Chakraborty, Biswajit; Pal, Ramkrishna; Ali, Mohammed; Singh, Leichombam Mohindro; Shahidur Rahman, Dewan; Kumar Ghosh, Sujit; Sengupta, Mahuya

    2016-01-01

    The use of nanotechnology in nanoparticle-based cancer therapeutics is gaining impetus due to the unique biophysical properties of nanoparticles at the quantum level. Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) have been reported as one type of potent therapeutic nanoparticles. The present study is aimed to determine the effect of AgNPs in arresting the growth of a murine fibrosarcoma by a reductive mechanism. Initially, a bioavailability study showed that mouse serum albumin (MSA)-coated AgNPs have enhanced uptake; therefore, toxicity studies of AgNP-MSA at 10 different doses (1–10 mg/kg b.w.) were performed in LACA mice by measuring the complete blood count, lipid profile and histological parameters. The complete blood count, lipid profile and histological parameter results showed that the doses from 2 to 8 mg (IC50: 6.15 mg/kg b.w.) sequentially increased the count of leukocytes, lymphocytes and granulocytes, whereas the 9- and 10-mg doses showed conclusive toxicity. In an antitumor study, the incidence and size of fibrosarcoma were reduced or delayed when murine fibrosarcoma groups were treated by AgNP-MSA. Transmission electron micrographs showed that considerable uptake of AgNP-MSA by the sentinel immune cells associated with tumor tissue and a morphologically buckled structure of the immune cells containing AgNP-MSA. Because the toxicity studies revealed a relationship between AgNPs and immune function, the protumorigenic cytokines TNF-α, IL-6 and IL-1β were also assayed in AgNP-MSA-treated and non-treated fibrosarcoma groups, and these cytokines were found to be downregulated after treatment with AgNP-MSA. PMID:25938978

  6. Ethanol Extract of Haliclona sp. Improved Histological Grade of Mammary Adenocarcinoma in C3H Mice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Murwani, R.; Trianto, A.; Wijayanti, E.; Ridlo, A.; Susilaningsih, N.

    2018-02-01

    The sponge Haliclona sp. contains secondary metabolites belong to alkaloids which are cytotoxic to the human tumor. The following research was conducted to study the effect of a graded level of Haliclona sp. extract on mammary adenocarcinoma in C3H mice. Haliclona sp. was obtained from Bandengan water in Jepara, and the crude extract was prepared by maceration with ethanol. Fifteen C3H mice with an initial weight of 20-25 gram were assigned into control, H-1, and H-2 groups. Control, H1, and H2 groups each received the ethanol extract of 0, 0.15, and 1.5 mg per mouse per day respectively for two weeks. Cancer cells were introduced to all groups from a cancerous donor mouse. The donor cancer cells were injected into each mouse via left or right axilla and allowed to grow. The cancer mass was removed and processed for histological examination, and the cancer growth was determined according to Elston and Ellis criteria. The result showed that histological grade of cancer mass from control group was in grade 2 or differentiated moderately. The histological grade of cancer mass from H-1 and H-2 groups were in grade 1 or similar to a normal cell. Analyses of the data by Kruskal-Wallis showed a significant difference (p<0,05) between control and treated groups. No significant difference was found between H-1 and H-2 groups. The results suggest the potential of active substances in the ethanol extract of Haliclona sp as an anti-cancer drug.

  7. Vitamin C induces specific demethylation of H3K9me2 in mouse embryonic stem cells via Kdm3a/b.

    PubMed

    Ebata, Kevin T; Mesh, Kathryn; Liu, Shichong; Bilenky, Misha; Fekete, Alexander; Acker, Michael G; Hirst, Martin; Garcia, Benjamin A; Ramalho-Santos, Miguel

    2017-01-01

    Histone methylation patterns regulate gene expression and are highly dynamic during development. The erasure of histone methylation is carried out by histone demethylase enzymes. We had previously shown that vitamin C enhances the activity of Tet enzymes in embryonic stem (ES) cells, leading to DNA demethylation and activation of germline genes. We report here that vitamin C induces a remarkably specific demethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) in naïve ES cells. Vitamin C treatment reduces global levels of H3K9me2, but not other histone methylation marks analyzed, as measured by western blot, immunofluorescence and mass spectrometry. Vitamin C leads to widespread loss of H3K9me2 at large chromosomal domains as well as gene promoters and repeat elements. Vitamin C-induced loss of H3K9me2 occurs rapidly within 24 h and is reversible. Importantly, we found that the histone demethylases Kdm3a and Kdm3b are required for vitamin C-induced demethylation of H3K9me2. Moreover, we show that vitamin C-induced Kdm3a/b-mediated H3K9me2 demethylation and Tet-mediated DNA demethylation are independent processes at specific loci. Lastly, we document Kdm3a/b are partially required for the upregulation of germline genes by vitamin C. These results reveal a specific role for vitamin C in histone demethylation in ES cells and document that DNA methylation and H3K9me2 cooperate to silence germline genes in pluripotent cells.

  8. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Histone H3 Modifications in Germ Cells during Mouse Spermatogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Song, Ning; Liu, Jie; An, Shucai; Nishino, Tomoya; Hishikawa, Yoshitaka; Koji, Takehiko

    2011-01-01

    Histone modification has been implicated in the regulation of mammalian spermatogenesis. However, the association of differently modified histone H3 with a specific stage of germ cells during spermatogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the localization of variously modified histone H3 in paraffin-embedded sections of adult mouse testis immunohistochemically, focusing on acetylation at lysine 9 (H3K9ac), lysine 18 (H3K18ac), and lysine 23 (H3K23ac); tri-methylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3); and phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10phos). As a result, we found that there was a significant fluctuation in the modifications; in spermatogonia, the stainings for H3K9ac, H3K18ac, and H3K23ac were strong while that for H3K4me3 was weak. In spermatocytes, the stainings for H3K9ac, H3K18ac, H3K23ac, and H3K4me3 were reduced in the preleptotene to pachytene stage, but in diplotene stage the stainings for H3K18ac, H3K23ac, and H3K4me3 seemed to become intense again. The staining for H3K27me3 was nearly constant throughout these stages. In the ensuing spermiogenesis, a dramatic acetylation and methylation of histone H3 was found in the early elongated spermatids and then almost all signals disappeared in the late elongated spermatids, in parallel with the replacement from histones to protamines. In addition, we confirmed that the staining of histone H3S10phos was exclusively associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division. Based upon the above results, we indicated that the modification pattern of histone H3 is subject to dynamic change and specific to a certain stage of germ cell differentiation during mouse spermatogenesis. PMID:21927517

  9. Immunohistochemical Analysis of Histone H3 Modifications in Germ Cells during Mouse Spermatogenesis.

    PubMed

    Song, Ning; Liu, Jie; An, Shucai; Nishino, Tomoya; Hishikawa, Yoshitaka; Koji, Takehiko

    2011-08-27

    Histone modification has been implicated in the regulation of mammalian spermatogenesis. However, the association of differently modified histone H3 with a specific stage of germ cells during spermatogenesis is not fully understood. In this study, we examined the localization of variously modified histone H3 in paraffin-embedded sections of adult mouse testis immunohistochemically, focusing on acetylation at lysine 9 (H3K9ac), lysine 18 (H3K18ac), and lysine 23 (H3K23ac); tri-methylation at lysine 4 (H3K4me3) and lysine 27 (H3K27me3); and phosphorylation at serine 10 (H3S10phos). As a result, we found that there was a significant fluctuation in the modifications; in spermatogonia, the stainings for H3K9ac, H3K18ac, and H3K23ac were strong while that for H3K4me3 was weak. In spermatocytes, the stainings for H3K9ac, H3K18ac, H3K23ac, and H3K4me3 were reduced in the preleptotene to pachytene stage, but in diplotene stage the stainings for H3K18ac, H3K23ac, and H3K4me3 seemed to become intense again. The staining for H3K27me3 was nearly constant throughout these stages. In the ensuing spermiogenesis, a dramatic acetylation and methylation of histone H3 was found in the early elongated spermatids and then almost all signals disappeared in the late elongated spermatids, in parallel with the replacement from histones to protamines. In addition, we confirmed that the staining of histone H3S10phos was exclusively associated with mitotic and meiotic cell division. Based upon the above results, we indicated that the modification pattern of histone H3 is subject to dynamic change and specific to a certain stage of germ cell differentiation during mouse spermatogenesis.

  10. Intra Oral Fibrosarcoma with Various Histopathological Patterns: A Rare Case Report

    PubMed Central

    Reddy, A. Vikram Simha; Prakash, A. Ravi; Ram, V. Sai; Thorati, Rukmini Swathi

    2015-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma has been defined as a malignant mesenchymal tumour, the cells of which recapitulate the appearance of the normal fibroblast, with variable collagen production. Fibrosarcoma is a very uncommon tumour in the head and neck regions constituting only 0.05% of all the fibrosarcomas presenting in humans. They cause no characteristic symptoms and pose difficulty in clinical diagnosis. They have been classified histologically based on their distinct features into myxoid fibrosarcoma, low grade fibromyxoid fibrosarcoma and sclerosing epitheloid sarcoma. Here we present a rare case report of a 45-year-old male patient presenting with a maxillary fibrosarcoma, which histologically presented with different patterns. PMID:26393135

  11. Hepatic fibrosarcoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia in a cat

    PubMed Central

    Linton, Michael; Tong, Lydia; Simon, Adrian; Buffa, Eugene; McGregor, Ross; Labruyére, Julien; Foster, Darren

    2016-01-01

    Case summary A 14-year-old, female neutered domestic shorthair presented for dyspnoea. Thoracic ultrasonography and radiography showed that a heterogeneous mass was present within the pericardial sac, and the mass continued caudally with the mesenteric fat. On CT, the outline of the diaphragm was not continuous and there was an obvious defect with diaphragmatic thickening present at the mid-level of the liver. A pleural effusion and a small-volume pericardial effusion were also present. A ventral midline coeliotomy and median sternotomy revealed a 5 × 6 × 7 cm firm, irregular, tan-coloured soft tissue mass within the pericardial sac attached to both the diaphragmatic defect and liver. The mass was carefully dissected away from the heart and the diaphragmatic defect was repaired with primary closure. Postoperatively, the cat had a persistent pneumothorax that required continuous pleural suction for 41 h. The cat died 44 h postoperatively. Histopathology and immunohistochemistry confirmed the mass to be a hepatic fibrosarcoma incarcerated in a peritoneopericardial diaphragmatic hernia (PPDH). Relevance and novel information This is the first reported case of metaplastic transformation of liver into a sarcoma in a cat with PPDH. In addition, hepatic fibrosarcoma is a rarely reported location for fibrosarcoma in this species. PMID:28491416

  12. Energy and Spectroscopic Characterization of the Isomers of C4H3-, C6H3-, and C6H5-

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wright, Danielle; Bera, Partha P.; Lee, Timothy J.

    2015-01-01

    Organic and inorganic molecules, neutral and ions have been observed in the interstellar medium. A few anions of organic molecules have also been observed recently. The Cassini spacecraft in the upper atmosphere of Titan has observed anions of large organic molecules. In this project we have studied the physical and spectroscopic properties of C4H3-, C6H3-, and C6H5-. We have optimized the geometrical structures of all low-lying isomers of the anions, calculated rotational, and harmonic vibrational frequencies of the anions mentioned above using the B3LYP density functional along with the augmented correlation consistent polar valence triple zeta (aug-cc-pVTZ) basis set. We have found many low-lying isomers on the potential energy surface of these anions.

  13. Primary intraosseous fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Fox, S M; Cooke, M M; Beban, H J

    1995-10-01

    A case of primary intraosseous fibrosarcoma of the left femur in a cat was diagnosed at necropsy following 9 months of managing a fracture of the same bone. Case features were those of probable pathological fracture, fracture repair and ultimate lysis of all but a fragment of the distal femoral epiphysis. Histology revealed closely packed whorls of fibroblasts typical of fibrosarcoma. This neoplasm is rare in the cat.

  14. Human amniotic epithelial cell feeder layers maintain mouse embryonic stem cell pluripotency via epigenetic regulation of the c-Myc promoter.

    PubMed

    Liu, Te; Cheng, Weiwei; Liu, Tianjin; Guo, Lihe; Huang, Qin; Jiang, Lizhen; Du, Xiling; Xu, Fuhui; Liu, Zhixue; Lai, Dongmei

    2010-02-01

    Mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are typically cultured on a feeder layer of mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs), with leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF) added to maintain them in an undifferentiated state. We have previously shown that human amniotic epithelial cells (hAECs) can be used as feeder cells to maintain mouse ESC pluripotency, but the mechanism for this is unknown. In the present study, we found that CpG islands 5' of the c-Myc gene remain hypomethylated in mouse ESCs cultured on hAECs. In addition, levels of acetylation of histone H3 and trimethylation of histone H3K4 in the c-Myc gene promoter were higher in ES cells cultured on hAECs than those in ES cells cultured on MEFs. These data suggested that hAECs can alter mouse ESC gene expression via epigenetic modification of c-Myc, providing a possible mechanism for the hAEC-induced maintenance of ESCs in an undifferentiated state.

  15. Genome Editing a Mouse Locus Encoding a Variant Histone, H3.3B, to Report on its Expression in Live Animals

    PubMed Central

    Wen, Duancheng; Noh, Kyung-Min; Goldberg, Aaron D.; Allis, C. David; Rosenwaks, Zev; Rafii, Shahin; Banaszynski, Laura A.

    2018-01-01

    Summary Chromatin remodeling via incorporation of histone variants plays a key role in the regulation of embryonic development. The histone variant H3.3 has been associated with a number of early events including formation of the paternal pronucleus upon fertilization. The small number of amino acid differences between H3.3 and its canonical counterparts (H3.1 and H3.2) has limited studies of the developmental significance of H3.3 deposition into chromatin due to difficulties in distinguishing the H3 isoforms. To this end, we used zinc-finger nuclease (ZFN) mediated gene editing to introduce a small C-terminal hemagglutinin (HA) tag to the endogenous H3.3B locus in mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs), along with an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and a separately translated fluorescent reporter of expression. This system will allow detection of expression driven by the reporter in cells, animals, and embryos, and will facilitate investigation of differential roles of paternal and maternal H3.3 protein during embryogenesis that would not be possible using variant-specific antibodies. Further, the ability to monitor endogenous H3.3 protein in various cell lineages will enhance our understanding of the dynamics of this histone variant over the course of development. genesis PMID:25262655

  16. Sensitivity of early mouse embryos to (/sup 3/H)thymidine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Spindle, A.; Wu, K.; Pedersen, R.A.

    1982-12-01

    Effects of intranuclear radiation on the developmental capacity of early mouse embryos were studied by exposing embryos to (/sup 3/H)thymidine and counting the number of embryos forming blastocysts, trophoblast outgrowths, inner cell masses (ICMs), and two-layer ICMs (differentiated into primary endoderm and ectoderm). When embryos were cultured from the 2-cell stage for 8 days in the continuous presence of (/sup 3/H)thymidine, concentrations as low as 0.2 nCi/ml reduced the number of embryos forming two-layer ICMs. At 1 nCi/ml, the number of both ICMs and two-layer ICMs were reduced, and at 10 nCi/ml the number of embryos developing to all threemore » post-blastocyst endpoints was reduced. Blastocyst formation was not affected even at the highst concentration (/sup 3/H)thymidine and then cultured further in unlabelled medium, the effects were similar to those of 8-day exposure. When embryos were exposed to (/sup 3/H)thymidine for 24 h at various developmental stages, effects were less severe than when they were exposed continuously for 3 or 8 days, and the sensitivity of embryos differed between stages. The 24-h exposure of immunosurgically isolated ICMS to (/sup 3/H)thymidine revealed that the high sensitivity of the ICM to (/sup 3/H)thymidine persists through the late blastocyst stage and declines progressively thereafter. Autoradiography indicated that the change in radiosensitivity of embryos or ICMs is generally related to their ability to incorporate (/sup 3/H)thymidine into the DNA.« less

  17. Peptidase-3 (Pep-3), dipeptidase variant in the rat homologous to mouse pep-3 (Dip-1) and human PEP-c.

    PubMed

    Womack, J E; Cramer, D V

    1980-10-01

    Starch gel electrophoresis and histochemical staining with L-leucyl-L-tyrosine have revealed genetic variation for dipeptidase in Rattus norvegicus. The tissue distribution, substrate specificity, and heterozygous expression as a monmeric protein suggest homology of the variant peptidase to human PEP-C and mouse Pep-3 (Dip-1). We propose Peptidase-3 (Pep-3) as a name for this autosomal locus in the rat. The allele responsible for slower (less anodal) electrophoretic migration is designated Pep-3a and is characteristic of strain ACI/Pit. A faster (more anodal) electrophoretic mobility is the product of the Pep-3b allele in strain F344/Pit. Twenty-five additional inbred strains carry Pep-3a and 16 others carry Pep-3b. Wild rats trapped in Pittsburgh were polymorphic for this locus. Alleles at Pep-3 segregated independently of c (linkage group I), a (linkage group IV), RT2 and Es-1 (linkage group V), h (linkage group VI), and RTI (linkage group VIII).

  18. Pseudolaric Acid B Induced Cell Cycle Arrest, Autophagy and Senescence in Murine Fibrosarcoma L929 Cell

    PubMed Central

    hua Yu, Jing; yu Liu, Chun; bin Zheng, Gui; Zhang, Li Ying; hui Yan, Ming; yan Zhang, Wen; ying Meng, Xian; fang Yu, Xiao

    2013-01-01

    Objective: PAB induced various cancer cell apoptosis, cell cycle arrest and senescence. But in cell line murine fibrosarcoma L929, PAB did not induce apoptosis, but autophagy, therefore it was thought by us as a good model to research the relationship of cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence bypass apoptosis. Methods: Inhibitory ratio was assessed by 3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) analysis. Phase contrast microscopy visualized cell morphology. Hoechst 33258 staining for nuclear change, propidium iodode (PI) staining for cell cycle, monodansylcadaverine (MDC) staining for autophagy, and rodanmine 123 staining for mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were measured by fluorescence microscopy or flowcytometry. Apoptosis was determined by DNA ladder test. Protein kinase C (PKC) activity was detected by PKC assay kit. SA-β-galactosidase assay was used to detect senescence. Protein expression was examined by western blot. Results: PAB inhibited L929 cell growth in time-and dose-dependent manner. At 12 h, 80 μmol/L PAB induced obvious mitotic arrest; at 24 h, PAB began to induce autophagy; at 36 h, cell-treated with PAB slip into G1 cell cycle; and 3 d PAB induced senescence. In time sequence PAB induced firstly cell cycle arrest, then autophagy, then slippage into G1 phase, lastly senescence. Senescent cells had high level of autophagy, inhibiting autophagy led to apoptosis, and no senescence. PAB activated PKC activity to induce cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence, inhibiting PKC activity suppressed cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence. Conclusion: PAB induced cell cycle arrest, autophagy and senescence in murine fibrosarcoma L929 cell through PKC. PMID:23630435

  19. Long acting propranolol and HSP-70 rich tumor lysate reduce tumor growth and enhance immune response against fibrosarcoma in Balb/c mice.

    PubMed

    Khalili, Ahmad; Hassan, Zuhair Muhammad; Shahabi, Shahram; Pourfathollah, Ali Akbar; Ostad, Seyed Nasser; Noori, Shokoofe; Mahdavi, Mehdi; Haybar, Habib; Langroudi, Ladan

    2013-06-01

    Noradrenaline (NA), the principal neurotransmitter released from sympathetic nerve terminals, influences T-cell maturation, not only directly in developing T cells, but also indirectly, by acting on the thymic nonlymphoid cells. In vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated the anti-proliferative, anti-migratory, anti-angiogenic and cytotoxic properties of propranolol, β-AR blocker, against various cancers. To evaluate the effect of propranolol on efficacy of HSP-70 rich lysate vaccine in immunotherapy of fibrosarcoma. Mouse fibrosarcoma WEHI-164 cells were used to immunize tumor-bearing mice with or without propranolol and HSP-70. Splenocytes proliferation, cytotoxicity activity of the splenocytes, naturally occurring CD4+ CD25high T-reg cells and IFN-γ and IL-4 secretion as well as tumor size, were assessed to describe the anti-tumor immune response. A significant increase in the level of IFN-γ in the mice vaccinated with WEHI-164 cells enriched with HSP-70 and co-treated with propranolol was observed compared to controls. However, HSP enrichment or propranolol treatment alone did not enhance the immune response as measured by the level of IFN-γ. Likewise, a decrease in tumor growth in the test group (p<0.01) and a significant increase in CTL activity (p<0.05) was observed. HSP enriched vaccine shows anti-tumor activity, probably due to the modulation of immune responses.

  20. An observational investigation of the identity of B11244 (l-C{sub 3}H{sup +}/C{sub 3}H{sup -})

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    McGuire, Brett A.; Carroll, P. Brandon; Gratier, Pierre

    Pety et al. have reported the detection of eight transitions of a closed-shell, linear molecule (B11244) in observations toward the Horsehead photodissociation region (PDR), which they attribute to the l-C{sub 3}H{sup +} cation. Recent high-level ab initio calculations have called this assignment into question; the anionic C{sub 3}H{sup –} molecule has been suggested as a more likely candidate. Here, we examine observations of the Horsehead PDR, Sgr B2(N), TMC-1, and IRC+10216 in the context of both l-C{sub 3}H{sup +} and C{sub 3}H{sup –}. We find no observational evidence of K{sub a} = 1 lines, which should be present were themore » carrier indeed C{sub 3}H{sup –}. Additionally, we find a strong anticorrelation between the presence of known molecular anions and B11244 in these regions. Finally, we discuss the formation and destruction chemistry of C{sub 3}H{sup –} in the context of the physical conditions in the regions. Based on these results, we conclude there is little evidence to support the claim that the carrier is C{sub 3}H{sup –}.« less

  1. Sinonasal fibrosarcoma: analysis of the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results database.

    PubMed

    Patel, Tapan D; Carniol, Eric T; Vázquez, Alejandro; Baredes, Soly; Liu, James K; Eloy, Jean Anderson

    2016-02-01

    Primary fibrosarcoma of the sinonasal region is an infrequently occurring malignant neoplasm. Fibrosarcomas are most commonly found in the extremities, with only 1% of fibrosarcomas reported in the head and neck region. This study analyzes the demographic, clinicopathologic, and survival characteristics of sinonasal fibrosarcoma (SNFS). The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database (1973 to 2012) was queried for SNFS cases. Data were analyzed with respect to various demographic and clinicopathologic factors. Survival was analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier model. Fifty-one cases of fibrosarcoma were identified in the sinonasal region. The mean age at diagnosis was 54.5 years and the mean survival was 119.7 months. There was no gender predilection with a male-to-female ratio of 1.04:1. The maxillary sinus was the most common site of involvement (54.9%), followed by the nasal cavity (23.5%). Five-year survival analysis revealed an overall survival rate of 71.7%, disease-specific survival rate of 77.8%, and relative survival (RS) rate of 78.8%. Disease-specific survival was better among those treated with surgery (with [76.2%] or without [87.5%] adjuvant radiotherapy) than those treated with primary radiotherapy alone (33.3%) (p = 0.0069). SNFS is a rare entity. This study represents the largest series of SNFS to date. The mainstay of treatment for this tumor is surgical resection with or without radiotherapy. © 2015 ARS-AAOA, LLC.

  2. 3-Methyl-7-(2-thienyl)pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione: pi-stacked bilayers built from N-H...O, C-H...O and C-H...pi hydrogen bonds.

    PubMed

    Trilleras, Jorge; Quiroga, Jairo; Cobo, Justo; Glidewell, Christopher

    2009-06-01

    In the title compound, C(12)H(9)N(3)O(2)S, the thienyl substituent is disordered over two sets of sites with occupancies of 0.749 (3) and 0.251 (3). A combination of N-H...O, C-H...O and C-H...pi hydrogen bonds links the molecules into bilayers and these bilayers are themselves linked into a continuous structure by pi-pi stacking interactions.

  3. Characterization of [3H] oxymorphone binding sites in mouse brain: Quantitative autoradiography in opioid receptor knockout mice.

    PubMed

    Yoo, Ji Hoon; Borsodi, Anna; Tóth, Géza; Benyhe, Sándor; Gaspar, Robert; Matifas, Audrey; Kieffer, Brigitte L; Metaxas, Athanasios; Kitchen, Ian; Bailey, Alexis

    2017-03-16

    Oxymorphone, one of oxycodone's metabolic products, is a potent opioid receptor agonist which is thought to contribute to the analgesic effect of its parent compound and may have high potential abuse liability. Nonetheless, the in vivo pharmacological binding profile of this drug is still unclear. This study uses mice lacking mu (MOP), kappa (KOP) or delta (DOP) opioid receptors as well as mice lacking all three opioid receptors to provide full characterisation of oxymorphone binding sites in the brain. Saturation binding studies using [ 3 H]oxymorphone revealed high affinity binding sites in mouse brain displaying Kd of 1.7nM and Bmax of 147fmol/mg. Furthermore, we performed quantitative autoradiography binding studies using [ 3 H]oxymorphone in mouse brain. The distribution of [ 3 H]oxymorphone binding sites was found to be similar to the selective MOP agonist [ 3 H]DAMGO in the mouse brain. [ 3 H]Oxymorphone binding was completely abolished across the majority of the brain regions in mice lacking MOP as well as in mice lacking all three opioid receptors. DOP and KOP knockout mice retained [ 3 H]oxymorphone binding sites suggesting oxymorphone may not target DOP or KOP. These results confirm that the MOP, and not the DOP or the KOP is the main high affinity binding target for oxymorphone. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  4. Growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi in immunocompetent and immunosuppressed C3H/HeN mice

    PubMed Central

    Chung, Won-Jae; Kook, Jina; Seo, Min; Park, Yun-Kyu; Guk, Sang-Mee; Choi, Min-Ho; Lee, Soon-Hyung

    1999-01-01

    The growth and development of Gymnophalloides seoi were studied in C3H/HeN mice and effects of immunosuppression of the host on the worm development were observed. Two hundred metacercariae of G. seoi were orally administered to each mouse, and worms were recovered on days 1, 3, 5, 7, 14 and 21 post-infection (PI). The worm recovery rate was significantly higher in immunosuppressed (ImSP) mice than in immunocompetent (ImCT) mice except on days 1 and 3 PI. The worms attained sexual maturity by day 3 PI with eggs in the uterus, and worm dimensions and the number of uterine eggs continuously increased until day 14 PI in ImSP mice. Worms recovered from ImSP mice were significantly larger in size than those from ImCT mice on days 1 and 3 PI, and the number of uterine eggs was significantly larger in ImSP mice on days 5 and 7 PI. Genital organs such as the ovary, testes, and vitellaria, that were already developed in the metacercarial stage, grew a little in size until day 14 PI. The results show that the C3H/HeN mouse is, though not excellent, a suitable laboratory host for G. seoi. PMID:10188379

  5. Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma. Report of a case in a Nigerian.

    PubMed

    Adekeye, E O; Edwards, M B; Goubran, G F

    1978-08-01

    Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma is very rare and has not previously been reported from Nigeria. The case described here had typical clinical features, but the microscopic findings were unusual and difficult to interpret. The pathogenetic relationship between ameloblastic fibroma and fibrosarcoma is discussed.

  6. 40 CFR 721.5540 - 1H,3H,5H-oxazolo [3,4-c] oxazole, dihydro-7a-methyl-.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ... 40 Protection of Environment 30 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false 1H,3H,5H-oxazolo [3,4-c] oxazole... Specific Chemical Substances § 721.5540 1H,3H,5H-oxazolo [3,4-c] oxazole, dihydro-7a-methyl-. (a) Chemical substances and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substance identified as 1H,3H,5H...

  7. Bilateral uveal metastasis of a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Mowat, Freya M; Langohr, Ingeborg M; Bilyk, Olenka; Koterbay, Amy; Pierce, Kenneth E; Petersen-Jones, Simon M

    2012-11-01

    A 6-year-old neutered male domestic short-haired cat was presented to the Comparative Ophthalmology service at Michigan State University with a 3-week history of decreased appetite and redness of the left eye. The left forelimb had been removed 15 months previously because of the presence of a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. In the left globe, a large iridal mass was associated with increased intraocular pressure and retinal detachment. A smaller mass involving the right iris was also present. Imaging revealed a 2-cm mass in the left caudodorsal lung lobe, and abdominal ultrasound showed multifocal bilateral renal masses. Aspirates of these masses were nondiagnostic. The left globe was removed for palliative reasons, and histopathology showed that fibrosarcoma was infiltrating the iris, choroid, and optic nerve. Despite systemic chemotherapy with doxorubicin, the animal died 4 months after initial presentation. Histopathology confirmed highly angioinvasive metastatic fibrosarcoma also in the right uveal tract, the lungs, and both kidneys. © 2012 American College of Veterinary Ophthalmologists.

  8. Synthesis Of [2h, 13c] And [2h3, 13c]Methyl Aryl Sulfides

    DOEpatents

    Martinez, Rodolfo A.; Alvarez, Marc A.; Silks, III, Louis A.; Unkefer, Clifford J.

    2004-03-30

    The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, and R.sub.5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2,.sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfides wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms. The present invention is also directed to the labeled compounds of [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide and [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C]methyl iodide.

  9. Mouse Noxa uses only the C-terminal BH3-domain to inactivate Mcl-1.

    PubMed

    Weber, Arnim; Ausländer, David; Häcker, Georg

    2013-09-01

    Noxa is a member of the pro-apoptotic BH3-only group of Bcl-2 proteins that is known to bind specifically to anti-apoptotic Mcl-1 and A1, antagonizing their function. Mcl-1 has been reported to have a short half-life, and Noxa up-regulation accelerates Mcl-1 degradation by the proteasome. Unlike human Noxa, mouse Noxa has two BH3-domains, which both have affinity for Mcl-1. We here investigate two aspects of the molecular function of Noxa, namely the requirements for the two BH3-domains in mouse Noxa and the role of Noxa in Mcl-1-degradation. We found that only the C-terminal BH3-domain of mouse Noxa is active in neutralizing Mcl-1. This was the result of the targeting of Noxa to the outer mitochondrial membrane through its C-terminal alpha-helix, which allowed Mcl-1-neutralization only when the BH3-domain was immediately N-terminal of the membrane anchor. However, the N-terminal BH3-domain enhanced interaction with Mcl-1 and A1. The Noxa-dependent degradation of Mcl-1 was independent of the kinase GSK3 and the deubiquitinase Usp9x in mouse embryonic fibroblasts. These data show that Noxa is targeted to the mitochondrial membrane where it neutralises Mcl-1 via its C-terminal BH3-domain and suggest that Noxa is co-degraded with Noxa, in a way independent of ubiquitin-modifying enzymes described for Mcl-1.

  10. Radical-molecule reaction C3H+H2O: a mechanistic study.

    PubMed

    Dong, Hao; Ding, Yi-Hong; Sun, Chia-Chung

    2005-02-08

    Despite the importance of the C(3)H radical in both combustion and interstellar space, the reactions of C(3)H toward stable molecules have never been studied. In this paper, we report our detailed mechanistic study on the radical-molecule reaction C(3)H+H(2)O at the Becke's three parameter Lee-Yang-Parr-B3LYP6-311G(d,p) and coupled cluster with single, double, and triple excitations-CCSD(T)6-311G(2d,p) (single-point) levels. It is shown that the C(3)H+H(2)O reaction initially favors formation of the carbene-insertion intermediates HCCCHOH (1a,1b) rather than the direct H- or OH-abstraction process. Subsequently, the isomers (1a,1b) can undergo a direct H- extrusion to form the well-known product propynal HCCCHO (P(5)). Highly competitively, (1a,1b) can take the successive 1,4- and 1,2-H-shift interconversion to isomer H(2)CCCHO(2a,2b) and then to isomer H(2)CCHCO(3a,3b), which can finally take a direct C-C bond cleavage to give product C(2)H(3) and CO (P(1)). The other products are kinetically much less feasible. With the overall entrance barrier 10.6 kcal/mol, the title reaction can be important in postburning processes. Particularly, our calculations suggest that the title reaction may play a role in the formation of the intriguing interstellar molecule, propynal HCCCHO. The calculated results will also be useful for the analogous C(3)H reactions such as with ammonia and alkanes.

  11. Reactions of the linear tetranuclear complex Ru sub 4 (CO) sub 10 (CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr) sub 2 with oxidizing reagents. Syntheses of halide-bridged (Ru(CO) sub 2 X(CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr)) sub 2 and fac-Ru(CO) sub 3 X(CH sub 3 C double bond C(H)C(H) double bond N-i-Pr)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mul, W.P.; Elsevier, C.J.; van Leijen, M.

    1991-01-01

    The linear tetranuclear complex Ru{sub 4}(CO){sub 10}(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr){sub 2} (1), containing two {eta}{sup 5}-azaruthenacyclopentadienyl systems, reacts with oxidizing reagents (I{sub 2}, Br{sub 2}, NBS, CCl{sub 4}) at elevated temperatures (40-90C) in heptane or benzene to give the new dimeric halide-bridged organoruthenium(II) complexes (Ru(CO){sub 2}X(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr)){sub 2} (X = I (3a), X = Br (3b), Cl (3c); yield 30-80%) together with (Ru(CO){sub 3}X{sub 2}){sub 2}. The reactions of 1 with CX{sub 4} (X = I, Br, Cl) are accelerated by CO, probably because Ru{sub 4}(CO){sub 12}(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr){sub 2} (5), which contains two unbridged metal-metal bonds,more » is formed prior to oxidation. The halide-bridged dimers 3a-c are obtained as mixtures of four isomers, the configurations of which are discussed. Splitting of the halide bridges takes place when a solution of 3a-c is saturated with CO, whereby mononuclear fac-Ru(CO){sub 3}X(CH{sub 3}C{double bond}C(H)C(H){double bond}N-i-Pr) (4a-c) is obtained. This process is reversible; ie., passing a stream of nitrogen through a solution of 4a-c or removal of the solvent under vacuum causes the reverse reaction with reformation of 3a-c. Compounds 3a-c and 4a-c have been characterized by IR (3, 4), FD mass (3), {sup 1}H (3, 4), and {sup 13}C{l brace}H{r brace} NMR (4) spectroscopy and satisfactory elemental analyses have been obtained for 3a-c. Compounds 3 and 4 are suitable precursors for the preparation of new homo- and heteronuclear transition-metal complexes.« less

  12. Effects of synthetic sphingosine-1-phosphate analogs on cytosolic phospholipase A2alpha-independent release of arachidonic acid and cell toxicity in L929 fibrosarcoma cells: the structure-activity relationship.

    PubMed

    Shimizu, Masaya; Muramatsu, Yuki; Tada, Eiko; Kurosawa, Takeshi; Yamaura, Erika; Nakamura, Hiroyuki; Fujino, Hiromichi; Houjyo, Yuuya; Miyasaka, Yuri; Koide, Yuuki; Nishida, Atsushi; Murayama, Toshihiko

    2009-03-01

    Sphingolipid metabolites including ceramide, sphingosine, and their phosphorylated products [sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) and ceramide-1-phosphate] regulate cell functions including arachidonic acid (AA) metabolism and cell death. The development of analogs of S1P may be useful for regulating these mediator-induced cellular responses. We synthesized new analogs of S1P and examined their effects on the release of AA and cell death in L929 mouse fibrosarcoma cells. Among the analogs tested, several compounds including DMB-mC11S [dimethyl (2S,3R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-hydroxy-3-(3'-undecyl)phenylpropyl phosphate] and DMB-mC9S [dimethyl (2S,3R)-2-tert-butoxycarbonylamino-3-hydroxy-3-(3'-nonyl)phenylpropyl phosphate] released AA within 1 h and caused cell death 6 h after treatment. The release of AA was observed in C12 cells [a L929 variant lacking a type alpha cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)alpha)] and L929-cPLAalpha-siRNA cells (L929 cells treated with small interference RNA for cPLA(2)alpha). Treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of secretory and Ca(2+)-independent PLA(2)s decreased the DMB-mC11S-induced release of AA. The effect of the S1P analogs tested on the release of AA was comparable to that on cell death in L929 cells, and a high correlation coefficient was observed. Two analogs lacking a butoxycarbonyl moiety [DMAc-mC11S (dimethyl (2S,3R)-2-acetamino-3-hydroxy-3-(3'-undecyl)phenylpropyl phosphate] and DMAm-mC11S [dimethyl (2S,3R)-2-amino-3-hydroxy-3-(3'-undecyl)phenylpropyl phosphate)] had inhibitory effects on the release of AA and cell toxicity induced by DMB-mC11S. Synthetic phosphorylated lipid analogs may be useful for studying PLA(2) activity and its toxicity in cells. [Supplementary Fig. 1: available only at http://dx.doi.org/10.1254/jphs.08284FP].

  13. Synthesis and evaluation of Tc-99m-labeled RRL-containing peptide as a non-invasive tumor imaging agent in a mouse fibrosarcoma model.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dae-Weung; Kim, Woo Hyoung; Kim, Myoung Hyoun; Kim, Chang Guhn

    2015-11-01

    Arginine-arginine-leucine (RRL) is considered a tumor endothelial cell-specific binding sequence. RRL-containing peptide targeting tumor vessels is an excellent candidate for tumor imaging. In this study, we developed RRL-containing hexapeptides and evaluated their feasibility as a tumor imaging agent in a HT-1080 fibrosarcoma-bearing murine model. The hexapeptide, glutamic acid-cysteine-glycine (ECG)-RRL was synthesized using Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis. Radiolabeling efficiency was evaluated using instant thin-layer chromatography. Uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL within HT-1080 cells was evaluated in vitro by confocal microscopy and cellular binding affinity was calculated. Gamma images were acquired In HT-1080 fibrosarcoma tumor-bearing mice, and the tumor-to-muscle uptake ratio was calculated. The inflammatory-to-normal muscle uptake ratio was also calculated in an inflammation mouse model. A biodistribution study was performed to calculate %ID/g. A high yield of Tc-99m ECG-RRL complexes was prepared after Tc-99m radiolabeling. Binding of Tc-99m ECG-RRL to tumor cells had was confirmed by in vitro studies. Gamma camera imaging in the murine model showed that Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated substantially in the subcutaneously engrafted tumor and that tumoral uptake was blocked by co-injecting excess RRL. Moreover, Tc-99m ECG-RRL accumulated minimally in inflammatory lesions. We successfully developed Tc-99m ECG-RRL as a new tumor imaging candidate. Specific tumoral uptake of Tc-99m ECG-RRL was evaluated both in vitro and in vivo, and it was determined to be a good tumor imaging candidate. Additionally, Tc-99m ECG-RRL effectively distinguished between cancerous tissue and inflammatory lesions.

  14. Development of mRuby2-Transfected C3H10T1/2 Fibroblasts for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering

    PubMed Central

    Yang, Yunzhi Peter

    2015-01-01

    Mouse C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts are multipotent, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like progenitor cells that are widely used in musculoskeletal research. In this study, we have established a clonal population of C3H10T1/2 cells stably-transfected with mRuby2, an orange-red fluorescence reporter gene. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence imaging confirmed successful transfection of these cells. Cell counting studies showed that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells proliferated at similar rates. Adipogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Oil Red O and showed increased expression of adipogenic genes including adiponectin and lipoprotein lipase. Chondrogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Alcian Blue and showed increased expression of chondrogenic genes including aggrecan. Osteogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as Alizarin Red and showed increased expression of osteogenic genes including alp, ocn and osf-1. When seeded on calcium phosphate-based ceramic scaffolds, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells maintained even fluorescence labeling and osteogenic differentiation. In summary, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells exhibit mRuby2 fluorescence and showed little-to-no difference in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation as untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells. These cells will be available from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; CRL-3268™) and may be a valuable tool for preclinical studies. PMID:26407291

  15. Development of mRuby2-Transfected C3H10T1/2 Fibroblasts for Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering.

    PubMed

    Ker, Dai Fei Elmer; Sharma, Rashmi; Wang, Evelyna Tsi Hsin; Yang, Yunzhi Peter

    2015-01-01

    Mouse C3H10T1/2 fibroblasts are multipotent, mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-like progenitor cells that are widely used in musculoskeletal research. In this study, we have established a clonal population of C3H10T1/2 cells stably-transfected with mRuby2, an orange-red fluorescence reporter gene. Flow cytometry analysis and fluorescence imaging confirmed successful transfection of these cells. Cell counting studies showed that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells proliferated at similar rates. Adipogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Oil Red O and showed increased expression of adipogenic genes including adiponectin and lipoprotein lipase. Chondrogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for Alcian Blue and showed increased expression of chondrogenic genes including aggrecan. Osteogenic differentiation experiments demonstrated that untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells and mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells stained positive for alkaline phosphatase (ALP) as well as Alizarin Red and showed increased expression of osteogenic genes including alp, ocn and osf-1. When seeded on calcium phosphate-based ceramic scaffolds, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells maintained even fluorescence labeling and osteogenic differentiation. In summary, mRuby2-transfected C3H10T1/2 cells exhibit mRuby2 fluorescence and showed little-to-no difference in terms of cell proliferation and differentiation as untransfected C3H10T1/2 cells. These cells will be available from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC; CRL-3268™) and may be a valuable tool for preclinical studies.

  16. Intensive fibrosarcoma-binding capability of the reconstituted analog and its antitumor activity.

    PubMed

    Xu, Jian; Du, Yue; Liu, Wen-Juan; Li, Liang; Li, Yi; Wang, Xiao-Fei; Yi, Hong-Fei; Shan, Chuan-Kun; Xia, Gui-Min; Liu, Xiu-Jun; Zhen, Yong-Su

    2018-11-01

    Fibrosarcomas are highly aggressive malignant tumors. It is urgently needed to explore targeted drugs and modalities for more effective therapy. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) play important roles in tumor progression and metastasis, while several MMPs are highly expressed in fibrosarcomas. In addition, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 2 (TIMP2) displays specific interaction with MMPs. Therefore, TIMP2 may play an active role in the development of fibrosarcoma-targeting agents. In the current study, a TIMP2-based recombinant protein LT and its enediyne-integrated analog LTE were prepared; furthermore, the fibrosarcoma-binding intensity and antitumor activity were investigated. As shown, intense and selective binding capability of the protein LT to human fibrosarcoma specimens was confirmed by tissue microarray. Moreover, LTE, the enediyne-integrated analog of LT, exerted highly potent cytotoxicity to fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells, induced apoptosis, and caused G2/M arrest. LTE at 0.1 nM markedly suppressed the migration and invasion of HT1080 cells. LTE at tolerated dose of 0.6 mg/kg inhibited the tumor growth of fibrosarcoma xenograft in athymic mice. The study provides evidence that the TIMP2-based reconstituted analog LTE may be useful as a targeted drug for fibrosarcome therapy.

  17. X-ray diffraction analysis of 4- and 4'-substituted C n H2 n + 1O-C6H3(OH)-CH=N-C6H4-C m H2 m + 1 ( n/ m = 2/1 and 3/4) salicylideneanilines

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kuz'mina, L. G.; Navasardyan, M. A.; Mikhailov, A. A.

    2017-11-01

    X-ray diffraction study of two crystalline modifications of C2H5O-C6H3(OH)-CH=N-C6H4-CH3 ( 1a, sp. gr. P21/ n, and 1b, sp. gr. C2/c) and C3H7O-C6H3(OH)-CH=N-C6H4-C4H9 ( 2, sp. gr. P212121) has been performed. The 1a crystal structure contains two independent molecules. The molecules are conformationally nonrigid with respect to the mutual rotation of benzene rings; the dihedral angles between their planes are 29.19° and 26.00° in the independent molecules of 1a, 18.72° in the molecule of 1b, and 50.35° in the molecule of 2. The crystal packing of the compounds is discussed.

  18. Bacopa monniera Linn. extract modulates antioxidant and marker enzyme status in fibrosarcoma bearing rats.

    PubMed

    Rohini, G; Sabitha, K E; Devi, C S Shyamala

    2004-08-01

    Antioxidative property and tumor inhibitive property of B. monniera (20mg/kg body wt, sc) was examined in 3-methylcholanthrene induced fibrosarcoma rats. Antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and the rate of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the liver and kidney tissues were assessed. A significant increase was noted for the rate of LPO with a corresponding decrease in the antioxidant enzyme status in fibrosarcoma bearing rats. In fibrosarcoma bearing rats, the tumor markers like lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK), alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and sialic acid (SA) were increased in the serum. Treatment with B. monniera extract significantly increased the antioxidant enzyme status, inhibited lipid peroxidation and reduced the tumor markers. It can be concluded that B.monniera extract promotes the antioxidant status, reduces the rate of lipid peroxidation and the markers of tumor progression in the fibrosarcoma bearing rats.

  19. Feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma: morphologic distinctions.

    PubMed

    Couto, S S; Griffey, S M; Duarte, P C; Madewell, B R

    2002-01-01

    Forty-four primary feline vaccine-associated fibrosarcomas and 16 recurrences were examined histologically for detailed morphologic characterization with emphasis on tumor grade, presence of neoplastic multinucleated giant cells, presence and proportion of T and B lymphocytes within the tumor, and thin and intermediate filament contents of neoplastic and stromal cells. The microvascularity and proliferation rates of central and peripheral areas of the tumors were also quantified by computerized image analysis. For primary fibrosarcomas, 11 of 44 (25%) were grade I, 21 of 44 (47.7%) were grade II, and 12 of 44 (27.3%) were grade III. The recurrences followed a similar pattern: 4 of 16 (25%) were grade I, 8 of 16 (50%) were grade II, and 4 of 16 (25%) were grade III. A positive correlation was found between the presence of neoplastic multinucleated giant cells and tumor grade. These cells were present in 9 of 12 (75%) of grade III and none of the grade I tumors. Prominent peritumoral lymphoid aggregates or follicles were present in 59% of the tumors, and many contained high proportions of T lymphocytes, varying from 19 to 87%. All fibrosarcomas were immunoreactive for vimentin and 28 of 44 (64%) were reactive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The actin-positive cells were either part of the tumor or formed a capsule around tumor nodules. The peripheral vascularity was significantly higher than the central vascular density but no difference was found in tumor cell proliferation rates between the two areas. Centrally located, fluid-filled micro- or macrocavitations were frequently observed in the large vaccine sarcomas and probably formed secondary to rapid tumor growth and central necrosis.

  20. Targeting a Newly Established Spontaneous Feline Fibrosarcoma Cell Line by Gene Transfer

    PubMed Central

    Nande, Rounak; De Carlo, Flavia; Carper, Miranda; Claudio, Charlene D.; Denvir, Jim; Valluri, Jagan; Duncan, Gary C.; Claudio, Pier Paolo

    2012-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma is a deadly disease in cats and is significantly more often located at classical vaccine injections sites. More rare forms of spontaneous non-vaccination site (NSV) fibrosarcomas have been described and have been found associated to genetic alterations. Purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer in NVS fibrosarcoma. We isolated and characterized a NVS fibrosarcoma cell line (Cocca-6A) from a spontaneous fibrosarcoma that occurred in a domestic calico cat. The feline cells were karyotyped and their chromosome number was counted using a Giemsa staining. Adenoviral gene transfer was verified by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry assay and Annexin-V were used to study cell-cycle changes and cell death of transduced cells. Cocca-6A fibrosarcoma cells were morphologically and cytogenetically characterized. Giemsa block staining of metaphase spreads of the Cocca-6A cells showed deletion of one of the E1 chromosomes, where feline p53 maps. Semi-quantitative PCR demonstrated reduction of p53 genomic DNA in the Cocca-6A cells. Adenoviral gene transfer determined a remarkable effect on the viability and growth of the Cocca-6A cells following single transduction with adenoviruses carrying Mda-7/IL-24 or IFN-γ or various combination of RB/p105, Ras-DN, IFN-γ, and Mda-7 gene transfer. Therapy for feline fibrosarcomas is often insufficient for long lasting tumor eradication. More gene transfer studies should be conducted in order to understand if these viral vectors could be applicable regardless the origin (spontaneous vs. vaccine induced) of feline fibrosarcomas. PMID:22666387

  1. Targeting a newly established spontaneous feline fibrosarcoma cell line by gene transfer.

    PubMed

    Nande, Rounak; Di Benedetto, Altomare; Aimola, Pierpaolo; De Carlo, Flavia; Carper, Miranda; Claudio, Charlene D; Denvir, Jim; Valluri, Jagan; Duncan, Gary C; Claudio, Pier Paolo

    2012-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma is a deadly disease in cats and is significantly more often located at classical vaccine injections sites. More rare forms of spontaneous non-vaccination site (NSV) fibrosarcomas have been described and have been found associated to genetic alterations. Purpose of this study was to compare the efficacy of adenoviral gene transfer in NVS fibrosarcoma. We isolated and characterized a NVS fibrosarcoma cell line (Cocca-6A) from a spontaneous fibrosarcoma that occurred in a domestic calico cat. The feline cells were karyotyped and their chromosome number was counted using a Giemsa staining. Adenoviral gene transfer was verified by western blot analysis. Flow cytometry assay and Annexin-V were used to study cell-cycle changes and cell death of transduced cells. Cocca-6A fibrosarcoma cells were morphologically and cytogenetically characterized. Giemsa block staining of metaphase spreads of the Cocca-6A cells showed deletion of one of the E1 chromosomes, where feline p53 maps. Semi-quantitative PCR demonstrated reduction of p53 genomic DNA in the Cocca-6A cells. Adenoviral gene transfer determined a remarkable effect on the viability and growth of the Cocca-6A cells following single transduction with adenoviruses carrying Mda-7/IL-24 or IFN-γ or various combination of RB/p105, Ras-DN, IFN-γ, and Mda-7 gene transfer. Therapy for feline fibrosarcomas is often insufficient for long lasting tumor eradication. More gene transfer studies should be conducted in order to understand if these viral vectors could be applicable regardless the origin (spontaneous vs. vaccine induced) of feline fibrosarcomas.

  2. Destructive Fibrosarcoma of the Maxillary Sinus.

    PubMed

    Ekinci, Adnan; Karataş, Duran; Yetiş, Abdurrahman; Erenler, Behice Hande; Ozcan, Muge

    2018-05-01

    Paranasal fibrosarcoma of nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is a very rare malignant tumor. It is usually presented with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. In this clinical report, clinical symptoms, pathogenesis, and treatment principles of a paranasal fibrosarcoma originating from the right maxillary sinus and obstructing the right nasal passage are discussed.A 55-year-old male patient was admitted to the authors clinic with complaints of nasal obstruction and epistaxis lasting for 2 years. Anterior rhinoscopy revealed a mass lesion which obstructed the right nasal passage and caused frequent epistaxis. An opacity consistent with soft tissue lesion which was originated from the right maxillary sinus and filled the right nasal passage was observed in paranasal tomography. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed that the mass lesion was contrasted. Tumor was seen to erode orbital floor, and lateral and anterior walls of the maxillary sinus. Biopsy result was reported as papilloma. The patient was treated with Denker approach as anterior wall of the maxillary sinus was eroded by the tumor lesion and the mass lesion was excised. The patient received postoperative radiotherapy as pathological diagnosis was reported as paranasal fibrosarcoma.

  3. Gossypol inhibition of mitosis, cyclin D1 and Rb protein in human mammary cancer cells and cyclin-D1 transfected human fibrosarcoma cells.

    PubMed Central

    Ligueros, M.; Jeoung, D.; Tang, B.; Hochhauser, D.; Reidenberg, M. M.; Sonenberg, M.

    1997-01-01

    The antiproliferative effects of gossypol on human MCF-7 mammary cancer cells and cyclin D1-transfected HT-1060 human fibrosarcoma cells were investigated by cell cycle analysis and effects on the cell cycle regulatory proteins Rb and cyclin D1. Flow cytometry of MCF-7 cells at 24 h indicated that 10 microM gossypol inhibited DNA synthesis by producing a G1/S block. Western blot analysis using anti-human Rb antibodies and anti-human cyclin D1 antibodies in MCF-7 cells and high- and low-expression cyclin D1-transfected fibrosarcoma cells indicated that, after 6 h exposure, gossypol decreased the expression levels of these proteins in a dose-dependent manner. Gossypol also decreased the ratio of phosphorylated to unphosphorylated Rb protein in human mammary cancer and fibrosarcoma cell lines. Gossypol (10 microM) treated also decreased cyclin D1-associated kinase activity on histone H1 used as a substrate in MCF-7 cells. These results suggest that gossypol might suppress growth by modulating the expression of cell cycle regulatory proteins Rb and cyclin D1 and the phosphorylation of Rb protein. Images Figure 3 Figure 4 Figure 5 Figure 6 Figure 7 Figure 8 Figure 9 PMID:9218727

  4. Impact of maternal immune activation on maternal care behavior, offspring emotionality and intergenerational transmission in C3H/He mice.

    PubMed

    Berger, Stefanie; Ronovsky, Marianne; Horvath, Orsolya; Berger, Angelika; Pollak, Daniela D

    2018-05-01

    Maternal immune activation (MIA) is a well-established model for the investigation of the deleterious effects of gestational infection on offspring mental health later in life. Hence, MIA represents a critical environmental variable determining brain development and the depending neural and behavioral functions in the progeny. Transgenerational transmission of some of the effects of MIA has been recently reported using the Polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)) MIA model in C57BL/6 (C57) inbred mice. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms and the possible relevance of the specific genetic make-up of the inbred mouse strain used. Here we set out to characterize the effects of gestational Poly (I:C) treatment in C3H/HeNCrl mice (C3H), focusing on maternal care and offspring depression-like behavior and its intergenerational potential. miRNA expression in the offspring hippocampus in the F1 and F2 generations was examined as possible mechanism contributing to the observed behavioral effects. The impact of MIA on maternal care and its transmission to F1 females was previously observed in C57 mice was also found in C3H mice. Depression-like behavior in the adult offspring in C3H F1 and F2 females differed from reports of the C57 strain in the literature, suggesting a potential modulating role of the genetic background in the Poly(I:C) MIA mouse model. As the pattern of expression of selected candidate miRNAs in the F1 and F2 offspring hippocampus was not conserved between the two generations, it is unlikely to be a direct consequence of altered maternal care, or to be an immediate determinant of offspring emotionality. Copyright © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  5. 8,9-dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene is a potent morphological cell-transforming agent in C3H10T(1)/(2)Cl8 mouse embryo fibroblasts in the absence of detectable stable covalent DNA adducts.

    PubMed

    Nesnow, S; Davis, C; Padgett, W T; Adams, L; Yacopucci, M; King, L C

    2000-06-01

    The comparative genotoxic effects of racemic trans-8,9-dihydroxy-8, 9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol), the metabolic K-region dihydrodiol of dibenzo[a,l] pyrene (DB[a,l]P) (dibenzo[def, p]chrysene) and DB[a,l]P in transformable mouse embryo C3H10T(1)/(2)Cl8 (C3H10T(1)/(2)) fibroblasts was investigated. The C3H10T(1)/(2) mouse embryo morphological cell-transforming activities of these polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were assayed using concentration-response studies. At concentrations of 33 nM and above both trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol and DB[a,l]P produced significant (and similar) numbers of type II and III foci per dish and numbers of dishes with type II and II foci. Concomitant cytotoxicity studies revealed a reduction in colony survival of approximately 25% up to 198 nM for both PAHs. DNA adducts of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol and DB[a,l]P in C3H10T(1)/(2) cells were analyzed by a (32)P-post-labeling TLC/HPLC method. No adducts were observed in the DNA of C3H10T(1)/(2) cells treated with trans-DB[a, l]P-8,9-diol at concentrations that induced morphological cell transformation. Under the same exposure and chromatographic conditions, DNA adducts of deoxyadenosine and deoxyguanosine derived from the fjord region anti-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxide and syn-DB[a,l]P-11,12-diol-13,14-epoxide were observed in the DNA of DB[a,l]P-treated cells. These results indicate that trans-DB[a,l]P-8, 9-diol has intrinsic genotoxic activity equal to that of DB[a,l]P, based on morphological cell transformation of mouse embryo fibroblasts. The activity of trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol is apparently not associated with the formation of observable stable covalent DNA adducts. These results suggest that under appropriate conditions, trans-DB[a,l]P-8,9-diol may serve as an intermediate in the genotoxicity of DB[a,l]P.

  6. Proton relays in anomalous carbocations dictate spectroscopy, stability, and mechanisms: case studies on C2H5+ and C3H3.

    PubMed

    Sager, LeeAnn M; Iyengar, Srinivasan S

    2017-10-18

    We present a detailed analysis of the anomalous carbocations: C 2 H 5 + and C 3 H 3 + . This work involves (a) probing electronic structural properties, (b) ab initio dynamics simulations over a range of internal energies, (c) analysis of reduced dimensional potential surfaces directed along selected conformational transition pathways, (d) dynamically averaged vibrational spectra computed from ab initio dynamics trajectories, and (e) two-dimensional time-frequency analysis to probe conformational dynamics. Key findings are as follows: (i) as noted in our previous study on C 2 H 3 + , it appears that these non-classical carbocations are stabilized by delocalized nuclear frameworks and "proton shuttles". We analyze this nuclear delocalization and find critical parallels between conformational changes in C 2 H 3 + , C 2 H 5 + , and C 3 H 3 + . (ii) The vibrational signatures of C 2 H 5 + are dominated by the "bridge-proton" conformation, but also show critical contributions from the "classical" configuration, which is a transition state at almost all levels of theory. This result is further substantiated through two-dimensional time-frequency analysis and is at odds with earlier explanations of the experimental spectra, where frequencies close to the classical region were thought to arise from an impurity. While this is still possible, our results here indicate an additional (perhaps more likely) explanation that involves the "classical" isomer. (iii) Finally, in the case of C 3 H 3 + our explanation of the experimental result includes the presence of multiple, namely, "cyclic", "straight", and propargyl, configurations. Proton shuttles and nuclear delocalization, reminiscent of those seen in the case of C 2 H 3 + , were seen all through and have a critical role in all our observations.

  7. Nasal cavity ossifying fibrosarcoma: an unusual fibro-osseous neoplasm.

    PubMed

    Alameda, Yadiel A; Perez-Mitchell, Carlos; Busquets, José M

    2010-11-01

    We describe the case of a 65-year-old woman who presented with left nasal obstruction. Clinical and radiographic examinations revealed the presence of a soft-tissue mass that had obliterated the left nasal cavity. The mass was completely excised via an endoscopic approach. Histopathologic examination identified the tumor as an ossifying fibrosarcoma. The patient recovered uneventfully and remained free of disease at the 2-year postoperative follow-up. To the best of our knowledge, no case of an ossifying fibrosarcoma of the nasal cavity has been previously reported in the English-language literature. We discuss the features of this case and the clinical presentation, diagnosis, and management of fibrosarcomas of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses.

  8. A rare sinonasal neoplasm: fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Bercin, Sami; Muderris, Togay; Kırıs, Muzaffer; Kanmaz, Alper; Kandemir, Olcay

    2011-05-01

    Sinonasal fibrosarcoma is an infrequently occurring malignant neoplasm. It usually presents with nasal obstruction and epistaxis, as do other sarcomas in this region. The final diagnosis is based on the histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination. We report a case involving a 47-year-old woman with a 2-year history of left nasal obstruction and proptosis, as well as diplopia for the 2 months preceding her visit. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging showed a neoplasm occupying the left nasal cavity, ethmoid sinuses, and bilateral frontal sinuses. The neoplasm also was eroding the medial wall of the maxillary sinus, the lamina papyracea, the cribriform plate, and the anterior wall of the frontal sinus. Complete removal of the tumor was achieved both endoscopically and through a Lynch incision. Sinonasal fibrosarcoma was found on histopathologic examination.

  9. Feline fibrosarcoma: perioperative management.

    PubMed

    Davis, Kechia M; Hardie, Elizabeth M; Lascelles, B Duncan X; Hansen, Bernie

    2007-12-01

    Aggressive and complete surgical excision is the treatment of choice for fibrosarcomas in cats. Thorough preoperative planning and meticulous surgical technique are necessary for optimal cosmetic, functional, and oncologic outcome. Perioperative pain management with an emphasis on preemptive analgesia and multimodal analgesia is essential to minimize patient morbidity.

  10. Treatment of fibrosarcoma in a maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) by rostral maxillectomy.

    PubMed

    McNulty, E E; Gilson, S D; Houser, B S; Ouse, A

    2000-09-01

    A 12-yr-old captive intact male maned wolf (Chrysocyon brachyurus) was diagnosed with a fibrosarcoma of the incisive bones. The mass was excised by rostral maxillectomy, and the wolf remained normal and on display with good function and cosmetics for 7 mo. Subsequently, it became weak, ataxic, and dyspneic and was euthanatized. At necropsy, there was a small regrowth of the maxillary tumor, a metastatic mediastinal mass, and multiple metastatic lung masses, suggesting that oral fibrosarcoma in maned wolves behaves similarly to oral fibrosarcoma in domestic canines. Aggressive surgical treatment of oral fibrosarcoma in this species can achieve good functional and cosmetic results.

  11. New Insights into Disease-Specific Absence of Complement Factor H Related Protein C in Mouse Models of Spontaneous Autoimmune Diseases

    PubMed Central

    Mehta, Gaurav; Ferreira, Viviana P.; Pickering, Matthew C.; Skerka, Christine; Zipfel, Peter F.; Banda, Nirmal K.

    2014-01-01

    Complement factor H (CFH) protein is an inhibitor of the alternative pathway of complement (AP) both in the fluid phase and on the surface of host cells. Mouse and human complement factor H-related (CFHR) proteins also belong to the fH family of plasma glycoproteins. The main goal of the current study was to compare the presence of mRNA for two mCFHR proteins in spontaneously developing autoimmune diseases in mice such as dense deposit disease (DDD), diabetes mellitus (DM), basal laminar deposits (BLD), collagen antibody-induced arthrits (CAIA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Here we report for the first time that the CFHR-C mRNA was universally absent in the liver from three strains of lupus-prone mice and in a diabetic-prone mouse strain. The mRNA levels (pg/ng) for CFH and CFHR-B in MRL-lpr/lpr, at 9 wks and 23 wks were 707.2 ± 44.4, 54.5 ± 5.75 and 729 ± 252.9, 74.04 ± 22.76 respectively. The mRNA levels for CFH and CFHR-B in NZB/NZW mice, at 9 wks and 54 wks were 579.9 ± 23.8, 58.8 ± 1.41 and 890.3 ± 135.2, 63.30 ± 9.2 respectively. CFHR-C protein was absent in the circulation of MRL-lpr/lpr and NZB/NZW mice before and after the development of lupus. Similarly, mRNA and protein for CFHR-C was universally absent in liver and other organs and in the circulation of NOD mice before and after the development of DM. In contrast, the mRNAs for CFH, CFHR-B and CFHR-C were universally present in the liver from mice with and without DDD, BLD and CAIA. The levels of mRNA for CFHR-B in mice with and without BLD were ~4 times higher than the mice with lupus. The complete absence of mRNA for CFHR-C in lupus and diabetic-prone strains indicates that polymorphic variation within the mouse CFHR family exists and raises the possibility that such variation contributes to lupus and diabetic phenotypes. PMID:25033230

  12. Soft tissue fibrosarcoma of pre maxillary region in an adult: report of a unique pathological entity

    PubMed Central

    Naik, Smitha K.; Astekar, Madhusudhan; Rao, Dinesh

    2012-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma of the oral and maxillofacial region is a rare entity with poor prognosis. Most common sites are the extremities, with only one percent of fibrosarcoma arising in the head and neck area. Oral fibrosarcoma are locally infiltrative and destructive, spreads by haematogenous dissemination. The positive immunostaining for vimentin, together with negativity for muscular immunomarkers help to diagnosis the fibrosarcoma. Surgical management of fibrosarcoma in maxillofacial region is far from satisfactory, because of lack of inadequate clearance. This paper describes an unusual case of soft tissue fibrosarcoma of premaxillary region in an adult aged 71 years. PMID:24765457

  13. Synthetic, Infrared, 1H and 13C NMR Spectral Studies on N-(2-/3-Substituted Phenyl)-4-Substituted Benzenesulphonamides, 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(2-/3-XC6H4), where X' = H, CH3, C2H5, F, Cl or Br, and X = CH3 or Cl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gowda, B. Thimme; Shetty, Mahesha; Jayalakshmi, K. L.

    2005-02-01

    Twenty three N-(2-/3-substituted phenyl)-4-substituted benzenesulphonamides of the general formula, 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(2-/3-XC6H4), where X' = H, CH3, C2H5, F, Cl or Br and X = CH3 or Cl have been prepared and characterized, and their infrared spectra in the solid state, 1H and 13C NMR spectra in solution were studied. The N-H stretching vibrations, νN-H, absorb in the range 3285 - 3199 cm-1, while the asymmetric and symmetric SO2 vibrations vary in the ranges 1376 - 1309 cm-1 and 1177 - 1148 cm-1, respectively. The S-N and C-N stretching vibrations absorb in the ranges 945 - 893 cm-1 and 1304 - 1168 cm-1, respectively. The compounds do not exhibit particular trends in the variation of these frequencies on substitution either at ortho or meta positions with either a methyl group or Cl. The observed 1H and 13C chemical shifts of are assigned to protons and carbons of the two benzene rings. Incremental shifts of the ring protons and carbons due to -SO2NH(2-/3-XC6H4) groups in C6H5SO2NH(2-/3-XC6H4), and 4- X'C6H4SO2- and 4-X'C6H4SO2NH- groups in 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(C6H5) are computed and employed to calculate the chemical shifts of the ring protons and carbons in the substituted compounds, 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(2-/3-XC6H4). The computed values agree well with the observed chemical shifts.

  14. Adjuvant immunotherapy of feline fibrosarcoma with recombinant feline interferon-omega.

    PubMed

    Hampel, Verena; Schwarz, Bianca; Kempf, Christine; Köstlin, Roberto; Schillinger, Ulrike; Küchenhoff, Helmut; Fenske, Nora; Brill, Thomas; Hirschberger, Johannes

    2007-01-01

    Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-omega) was tested as a treatment option for cats with fibrosarcoma to assess safety and feasibility. Treatment with rFeIFN-omega in cats with fibrosarcoma is safe and feasible. Twenty domestic cats. In an open-labeled uncontrolled clinical trial 12 injections of 1 x 10(6) U/kg rFeIFN-omega were administered over a 5-week period: the 1st through 4th injections were given intratumorally, and the 5th through 12th injections were administered subcutaneously at the tumor excision site. Wide surgical excision of the tumors was carried out after the 4th injection and before the 5th injection of rFeIFN-omega. A Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) analysis was conducted. Flow cytometry of fibrosarcoma cells after incubation with rFeIFN-omega and recombinant feline interferon-gamma was performed to assess the biological effect of rFeIFN-omega. Changes in blood cell count, increases in serum aspartate-amino-transferase activity, serum bilirubin concentration, serum creatinine and serum electrolyte concentrations, weight loss, anorexia, increased body temperature, and reduced general condition were observed but were mostly minor (grade 1 and 2) and self limiting. Eosinophilia (P = .025), neutropenia (P = .021), and weight loss (P < .001) were statistically correlated with rFeIFN-omega-treatment (analysis of parameters before treatment and after 3 injections of rFeIFN-omega). Flow cytometry of 5 unrelated feline fibrosarcoma cell lines showed increased expression of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (P = .026) in response to in vitro incubation with rFeIFN-omega, whereas expression of MHC class II molecules was not affected significantly. RFeIFN-omega for the treatment of feline fibrosarcoma is safe, well tolerated, and can be easily performed in practice. To assess the efficacy of the treatment, it should be tested in a placebo-controlled trial.

  15. Investigations of 3C-SiC inclusions in 4H-SiC epilayers on 4H-SiC single crystal substrates

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Si, W.; Dudley, M.; Kong, H.S.

    1997-03-01

    Synchrotron white beam x-ray topography (SWBXT) and Nomarski optical microscopy (NOM) have been used to characterize 4H-SiC epilayers and to study the character of triangular inclusions therein. 4H-SiC substrates misoriented by a range of angles from (0001), as well as (1 1{bar 0}0) and (11 2{bar 0}) oriented substrates were used. No evidence was found for the nucleation of 3C-SiC inclusions at superscrew dislocations (along the [0001] axis) in the 4H-SiC substrates. Increasing the off-axis angle of the substrates from 3.5 to 6.5{degree} was found to greatly suppress the formation of the triangular inclusions. In the case of substrates misorientedmore » by 8.0{degree} from (0001) toward [112{bar 0}], the triangular inclusions were virtually eliminated. The crystalline quality of 4H-SiC epilayers grown on the substrates misoriented by 8.0{degree} from (0001) was very good. For the (11{bar 0}0) and (112{bar 0}) samples, there is no indication of 3C-SiC inclusions in the epilayers. Possible formation mechanisms and the morphology of 3C-SiC inclusions are discussed. 17 refs., 13 figs.« less

  16. Growth of Defect-Free 3C-SiC on 4H- and 6H-SiC Mesas Using Step-Free Surface Heteroepitaxy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, Philip G.; Powell, J. Anthony; Trunek, Andrew J.; Huang, Xianrong R.; Dudley, Michael

    2001-01-01

    A new growth process, herein named step-free surface heteroepitaxy, has achieved 3CSiC films completely free of double positioning boundaries and stacking faults on 4H-SiC and 6H-SiC substrate mesas. The process is based upon the initial 2-dimensional nucleation and lateral expansion of a single island of 3C-SiC on a 4H- or 6H-SiC mesa surface that is completely free of bilayer surface steps. Our experimental results indicate that substrate-epilayer in-plane lattice mismatch (delta a/a = 0.0854% for 3C/4H) is at least partially relieved parallel to the interface in the initial bilayers of the heterofilm, producing an at least partially relaxed 3C-SiC film without dislocations that undesirably thread through the thickness of the epilayer. This result should enable realization of improved 3C-SiC devices.

  17. Immunohistochemical expression of c-KIT protein in feline soft tissue fibrosarcomas.

    PubMed

    Smith, A J; Njaa, B L; Lamm, C G

    2009-09-01

    C-KIT is the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-KIT, which encodes the tyrosine kinase receptor protein KIT. Mutations and varied expression of this gene have been demonstrated within multiple neoplasms in people and domestic animals. The purpose of this study was to determine if KIT protein is expressed in feline soft tissue fibrosarcomas (ST FSA) using immunohistochemistry (IHC). The computer database at the Oklahoma Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory was searched from January 1, 2006, to December 31, 2007, for any domestic cat with an ST FSA. Routinely stained slides from 46 feline ST FSAs were reviewed and graded based on the scale outlined by Kuntz et al. Immunohistochemistry for KIT protein was performed on one representative section from each cat. There were a total of 12/46 (26%) cats that were immunoreactive for KIT. Immunoreactivity was detected in greater than 80% of the neoplastic cells in 4/46 (9%) cats. Immunoreactivity was detected in less than 10% of the neoplastic cells in 8/46 (17%) cats. Immunoreactivity was characterized by evenly distributed cytoplasmic stippling within the neoplastic spindle-shaped cells and/or multinucleated giant cells. Based on these results, KIT immunoreactivity can be detected within feline ST FSAs using IHC. The results of this study also indicate that KIT immunoreactivity in feline ST FSA does not correlate with the histologic grade (P = .141, X(2) = 2.166), survivability (P = .241, X(2) = 1.373), or whether the neoplasm was a spontaneous or an injection site FSA (P = .074, X(2) = 3.184).

  18. Comparison of (/sup 3/H)nicotine and (/sup 3/H)acetylcholine binding in mouse brain: regional distribution

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Sershen, H.; Reith, M.E.; Hashim, A.

    1985-06-01

    In a continuing study of nicotine binding sites, the authors determined the relative amount of nicotine binding and acetylcholine binding in various brain regions of C57/BL and of DBA mice. Although midbrain showed the highest and cerebellum the lowest binding for both (/sup 3/H)nicotine and (/sup 3/H)acetylcholine, the ratio of nicotine to acetylcholine binding showed a three-fold regional variation. Acetylcholine inhibition of (/sup 3/H)nicotine binding indicated that a portion of nicotine binding was not inhibited by acetylcholine. These results indicate important differences between the binding of (+/-)-(/sup 3/H)nicotine and that of (/sup 3/H)acetylcholine.

  19. Aluminum acceptor four particle bound exciton complex in 4H, 6H, and 3C SiC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Clemen, L. L.; Devaty, R. P.; Macmillan, M. F.; Yoganathan, M.; Choyke, W. J.; Larkin, D. J.; Powell, J. A.; Edmond, J. A.; Kong, H. S.

    1993-01-01

    Evidence is presented for a four particle acceptor complex in 3C, 6H, and 4H SiC, obtained in low-temperature photoluminescence and cathodoluminescence experiments. The new lines were observed in p-type films lightly doped with aluminum, of 6H, 4H, and 3C SiC grown on the silicon (0001) face of 6H SiC under special conditions. The lines increase in intensity as more aluminum is added during growth. The multiplicity of observed lines is consistent with symmetry-based models similar to those which have been proposed to describe 4A centers in p-type zincblende semiconductors.

  20. Synthesis Of [2h, 13c]M [2h2m 13c], And [2h3,, 13c] Methyl Aryl Sulfones And Sulfoxides

    DOEpatents

    Martinez, Rodolfo A.; Alvarez, Marc A.; Silks, III, Louis A.; Unkefer, Clifford J.; Schmidt, Jurgen G.

    2004-07-20

    The present invention is directed to labeled compounds, [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfones and [.sup.2 H.sub.1, .sup.13 C], [.sup.2 H.sub.2, .sup.13 C] and [.sup.2 H.sub.3, .sup.13 C]methyl aryl sulfoxides, wherein the .sup.13 C methyl group attached to the sulfur of the sulfone or sulfoxide includes exactly one, two or three deuterium atoms and the aryl group is selected from the group consisting of 1-naphthyl, substituted 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, substituted 2-naphthyl, and phenyl groups with the structure: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are each independently, hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a halogen, an amino group from the group consisting of NH.sub.2, NHR and NRR' where R and R' are each a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 lower alkyl, a phenyl, or an alkoxy group. The present invention is also directed to processes of preparing methyl aryl sulfones and methyl aryl sulfoxides.

  1. Cytogenetic variation between four cases of feline fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Mayr, B; Bockstahler, B; Loupal, G; Reifinger, M; Schleger, W

    1996-11-01

    Short term cultures of four feline fibrosarcomas were analysed cytogenetically. There was marked genetic heterogeneity between the four cats, each showing a different clonal abnormality. The aberrations detected were one deleted B2, one marker F1 and two reciprocal translocations, t (A2q; E3q) and t (A1q; B4p).

  2. A novel EGFR-TKI inhibitor (cAMP-H3BO3complex) combined with thermal therapy is a promising strategy to improve lung cancer treatment outcomes

    PubMed Central

    Tong, Yongpeng; Huang, Chunliu; Zhang, Junfang

    2017-01-01

    Purpose Although EGFR-TKIs (epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors) induce favorable responses as first-line non-small cell lung cancer treatments, drug resistance remains a serious problem. Meanwhile, thermal therapy also shows promise as a cancer therapy strategy. Here we combine a novel EGFR-TKI treatment with thermal therapy to improve lung cancer treatment outcomes. Results The results suggest that the cAMP-H3BO3 complex effectively inhibits EGFR auto-phosphorylation, while inducing apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. Compared to the negative control, tumor growth was significantly suppressed in mice treated with oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler thyroxine sodium and either cAMP-H3BO3 complex or cAMP-H3BO3 complex (P < 0.05). Moreover, the body temperature increase induced by treatment with thyroxine sodium inhibited tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analyses showed that A549 cell apoptosis was significantly higher in the cAMP-H3BO3 complex plus thyroxine sodium treatment group than in the other groups. Moreover,Ca2+ content analysis showed that the Ca2+ content of tumor tissue was significantly higher in the cAMP-H3BO3 complex plus thyroxine sodium treatment group than in other groups. Materials and Methods Inhibition of EGFR auto-phosphorylation by cAMP and cAMP-H3BO3 complex was studied using autoradiography and western blot. The antitumor activity of the novel EGFR inhibitor (cAMP-H3BO3 complex) with or without an oxidative phosphorylation uncoupler (thyroxine sodium) was investigated in vitro and in a nude mouse xenograft lung cancer model incorporating human A549 cells. Conclusions cAMP-H3BO3 complex is a novel EGFR-TKI. Combination therapy using cAMP-H3BO3 with thyroxine sodium-induced thermal therapy may improve lung cancer treatment outcomes. PMID:28915593

  3. Fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a cat.

    PubMed

    Capasso, Angelo; Raiano, Vera; Sontuoso, Antonio; Olivero, Daniela; Greci, Valentina

    2015-01-01

    A 5-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with haematuria, pollakiuria and stranguria of 2 months' duration, and a firm non-painful mass in the urinary bladder was palpated. Abdominal radiographs showed thickening and irregular cranial margins of the urinary bladder wall. Abdominal ultrasound showed a vascularised mass of mixed echogenicity almost entirely occupying the urinary bladder lumen. During explorative laparotomy, the mass appeared pedunculated and was totally excised. Histopathology was characterised by infiltration of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layers by proliferated atypical mesenchymal cells; immunochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. The cat was discharged with normal urination 5 days after surgery. The owner declined any imaging follow-up but reported the cat to be free of any clinical signs at 16 months after surgery. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in the cat. Fibrosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasia.

  4. Ab initio study of C + H3+ reactions

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Talbi, D.; DeFrees, D. J.

    1991-01-01

    The reaction C + H3+ --> CH(+) + H2 is frequently used in models of dense interstellar cloud chemistry with the assumption that it is fast, i.e. there are no potential energy barriers inhibiting it. Ab initio molecular orbital study of the triplet CH3+ potential energy surface (triplet because the reactant carbon atom is a ground state triplet) supports this hypothesis. The reaction product is 3 pi CH+; the reaction is to exothermic even though the product is not in its electronic ground state. No path has been found on the potential energy surface for C + H3+ --> CH2(+) + H reaction.

  5. Ocular metastasis of a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Cohen, M; Sartin, E A; Whitley, E M; Whitley, R D; Smith, A N; Brawner, W R; Henderson, R; Behrend, E N

    2003-12-01

    A 6-year-old, neutered male domestic shorthair cat was evaluated for a recurrent vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma. The cat had three excisions of the tumour prior to presentation and was referred for radiation therapy. Ten months following treatment with radiation therapy, the cat was presented again for a cloudy appearance to the eye. An exenteration was performed, and biopsy revealed fibrosarcoma. At the same time, two discrete pulmonary nodules were identified on thoracic radiographs. Two doses of doxorubicin (20 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (100 mg/m(2)) were administered intravenously 3 weeks apart. Despite treatment, the pulmonary nodule doubled in size. This case represents the first antemortem report of ocular metastasis of a vaccine-associated sarcoma and supports the highly aggressive nature of these tumours.

  6. Caffeine induces metformin anticancer effect on fibrosarcoma in hamsters.

    PubMed

    Popović, D J; Lalošević, D; Miljković, D; Popović, K J; Čapo, I; Popović, J K

    2018-04-01

    We investigated the effect of metformin and caffeine on fibrosarcoma in hamsters. 32 Syrian golden hamsters of both sexes, weighing approximately 100 g, were randomly allocated to 3 experimental and 2 control groups, with a minimum of 6 animals per group. 2 x 106 BHK-21/C13 cells in 1 ml were injected subcutaneously into the animals' back in 4 groups. The first experimental group started peroral treatment with metformin 500 mg/kg daily, the second with caffeine 100 mg/kg daily and the third with a combination of metformin 500 mg/kg and caffeine 100 mg/kg daily, via a gastric probe 3 days before tumor inoculation. After 2 weeks, when the tumors were approximately 2 cm in the control group, all animals were sacrificed. The blood was collected for glucose and other analyses. The tumors were excised and weighed and their diameters were measured. The tumor samples were pathohistologically (HE) and immunohistochemically (Ki-67, CD 31, COX IV, GLUT-1, iNOS) assessed and the main organs toxicologically analyzed, including the control animals that had received metformin and caffeine. Tumor volume was determined using the formula LxS2/2, where L was the longest and S the shortest diameter. Ki-67-positive cells in the tumor samples were quantified. Images were taken and processed by software UTHSCSA Image Tools for Windows Version 3.00. Statistical significances were determined by the Student's t-test. The combination of metformin and caffeine inhibited fibrosarcoma growth in hamsters without toxicity. Administration of metformin with caffeine might be an effective and safe approach in novel nontoxic adjuvant anticancer treatment.

  7. Kinetics of the R + NO2 reactions (R = i-C3H7, n-C3H7, s-C4H9, and t-C4H9) in the temperature range 201-489 K.

    PubMed

    Rissanen, Matti P; Arppe, Suula L; Eskola, Arkke J; Tammi, Matti M; Timonen, Raimo S

    2010-04-15

    The bimolecular rate coefficients of four alkyl radical reactions with NO(2) have been measured in direct time-resolved experiments. Reactions were studied under pseudo-first-order conditions in a temperature-controlled tubular flow reactor coupled to a laser photolysis/photoionization mass spectrometer (LP-PIMS). The measured reaction rate coefficients are independent of helium bath gas pressure within the experimental ranges covered and exhibit negative temperature dependence. For i-C(3)H(7) + NO(2) and t-C(4)H(9) + NO(2) reactions, the dependence of ordinate (logarithm of reaction rate coefficients) on abscissa (1/T or log(T)) was nonlinear. The obtained results (in cm(3) s(-1)) can be expressed by the following equations: k(n-C(3)H(7) + NO(2)) = ((4.34 +/- 0.08) x 10(-11)) (T/300 K)(-0.14+/-0.08) (203-473 K, 1-7 Torr), k(i-C(3)H(7) + NO(2)) = ((3.66 +/- 2.54) x 10(-12)) exp(656 +/- 201 K/T)(T/300 K)(1.26+/-0.68) (220-489 K, 1-11 Torr), k(s-C(4)H(9) + NO(2)) = ((4.99 +/- 0.16) x 10(-11))(T/300 K)(-1.74+/-0.12) (241-485 K, 2 - 12 Torr) and k(t-C(4)H(9) + NO(2)) = ((8.64 +/- 4.61) x 10(-12)) exp(413 +/- 154 K/T)(T/300 K)(0.51+/-0.55) (201-480 K, 2-11 Torr), where the uncertainties shown refer only to the 1 standard deviations obtained from the fitting procedure. The estimated overall uncertainty in the determined bimolecular rate coefficients is about +/-20%.

  8. Infantile fibrosarcoma of the penis in a 2-year-old boy.

    PubMed

    Taib, Fahisham; Mohamad, Norsarwany; Mohamed Daud, Mohamed Ashraf; Hassan, Aniza; Singh, Mutum Samarendra; Nasir, Ariffin

    2012-10-01

    Fibrosarcoma is rare in the pediatric age group. It generally involves the extremities and the trunk but rarely involves the genital area. We report a case of a large fungating infantile fibrosarcoma of the penis in a 2-year-old Malay boy. Partial recovery of the penile structure was achieved after chemotherapy. The difficulty in managing the social and surgical aspect of this case is discussed in our report. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report of infantile fibrosarcoma involving the penis in an Asian region. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  9. Biochemical and Biological Studies of Mouse APOBEC3

    PubMed Central

    Nair, Smita; Sanchez-Martinez, Silvia; Ji, Xinhua

    2014-01-01

    ABSTRACT Many murine leukemia viruses (MLVs) are partially resistant to restriction by mouse APOBEC3 (mA3) and essentially fully resistant to induction of G-to-A mutations by mA3. In contrast, Vif-deficient HIV-1 (ΔVif HIV-1) is profoundly restricted by mA3, and the restriction includes high levels of G-to-A mutation. Human APOBEC3G (hA3G), unlike mA3, is fully active against MLVs. We produced a glutathione S-transferase–mA3 fusion protein in insect cells and demonstrated that it possesses cytidine deaminase activity, as expected. This activity is localized within the N-terminal domain of this 2-domain protein; the C-terminal domain is enzymatically inactive but required for mA3 encapsidation into retrovirus particles. We found that a specific arginine residue and several aromatic residues, as well as the zinc-coordinating cysteines in the C-terminal domain, are necessary for mA3 packaging; a structural model of this domain suggests that these residues line a potential nucleic acid-binding interface. Mutation of a few potential phosphorylation sites in mA3 drastically reduces its antiviral activity by impairing either deaminase activity or its encapsidation. mA3 deaminates short single-stranded DNA oligonucleotides preferentially toward their 3′ ends, whereas hA3G exhibits the opposite polarity. However, when packaged into infectious ΔVif HIV-1 virions, both mA3 and hA3G preferentially induce deaminations toward the 5′ end of minus-strand viral DNA, presumably because of the sequence of events during reverse transcription in vivo. Despite the fact that mA3 in MLV particles does not induce detectable deaminations upon infection, its deaminase activity is easily detected in virus lysates. We still do not understand how MLV resists mA3-induced G-to-A mutation. IMPORTANCE One way that mammalian cells defend themselves against infection by retroviruses is with APOBEC3 proteins. These proteins convert cytidine bases to uridine bases in retroviral DNA. However

  10. Symmetry breaking and spectral considerations of the surprisingly floppy c-C3H radical and the related dipole-bound excited state of c-C3H-

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bassett, Matthew K.; Fortenberry, Ryan C.

    2017-06-01

    The C3H radical is believed to be prevalent throughout the interstellar medium and may be involved in the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. C3H exists as both a linear and a cyclic isomer. The C2 v cyclopropenylidenyl radical isomer was detected in the dark molecular cloud TMC-1, and the linear propenylidenyl radical isomer has been observed in various dark molecular clouds. Even though the c-C3H radical has been classified rotationally, the vibrational frequencies of this seemingly important interstellar molecule have never been directly observed. Established, highly accurate quartic force field methodologies are employed here to compute useful geometrical data, spectroscopic constants, and vibrational frequencies. The computed rotational constants are consistent with the experimental results. Consequently, the three a1 (ν1, ν2, and ν3) and one b1 (ν6) anharmonic vibrational frequencies at 3117.7 cm-1, 1564.3 cm-1, 1198.5 cm-1, and 826.7 cm-1, respectively, are reliable predictions for these, as of yet unseen, observables. Unfortunately, the two b2 fundamentals (ν4 and ν5) cannot be treated adequately in the current approach due to a flat and possible double-well potential described in detail herein. The dipole-bound excited state of the anion suffers from the same issues and may not even be bound. However, the trusted fundamental vibrational frequencies described for the neutral radical should not be affected by this deformity and are the first robustly produced for c-C3H. The insights gained here will also be applicable to other structures containing three-membered bare and exposed carbon rings that are surprisingly floppy in nature.

  11. Expansion of antimonato polyoxovanadates with transition metal complexes: (Co(N3C5H15)2)2[{Co(N3C5H15)2}V15Sb6O42(H2O)]·5H2O and (Ni(N3C5H15)2)2[{Ni(N3C5H15)2}V15Sb6O42(H2O)]·8H2O.

    PubMed

    Antonova, Elena; Näther, Christian; Kögerler, Paul; Bensch, Wolfgang

    2012-02-20

    Two new polyoxovanadates (Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2))(2)[{Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)]·5H(2)O (1) and (Ni(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2))(2)[{Ni(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)]·8H(2)O (2) (N(3)C(5)H(15) = N-(2-aminoethyl)-1,3-propanediamine) were synthesized under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. In both structures the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) shell displays the main structural motif, which is strongly related to the {V(18)O(42)} archetype cluster. Both compounds crystallize in the triclinic space group P1 with a = 14.3438(4), b = 16.6471(6), c = 18.9186(6) Å, α = 87.291(3)°, β = 83.340(3)°, γ = 78.890(3)°, and V = 4401.4(2) Å(3) (1) and a = 14.5697(13), b = 15.8523(16), c = 20.2411(18) Å, α = 86.702(11)°, β = 84.957(11)°, γ = 76.941(11)°, and V = 4533.0(7) Å(3) (2). In the structure of 1 the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) cluster anion is bound to a [Co(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)](2+) complex via a terminal oxygen atom. In the Co(2+)-centered complex, one of the amine ligands coordinates in tridentate mode and the second one in bidentate mode to form a strongly distorted CoN(5)O octahedron. Similarly, in compound 2 an analogous NiN(5)O complex is joined to the [V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](6-) anion via the same attachment mode. A remarkable difference between the two compounds is the orientation of the noncoordinated propylamine group leading to intermolecular Sb···O contacts in 1 and to Sb···N interactions in 2. In the solid-state lattices of 1 and 2, two additional [M(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)](2+) complexes act as countercations and are located between the [{M(N(3)C(5)H(15))(2)}V(15)Sb(6)O(42)(H(2)O)](4-) anions. Between the anions and cations strong N-H···O hydrogen bonds are observed. In both compounds the clusters are stacked along the b axis in an ABAB fashion with cations and water molecules occupying the space between the clusters. Magnetic characterization demonstrates that the Ni(2+) and Co(2+) cations do not

  12. Photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections of NH3, PH3, H2S, C2H2, and C2H4 in the VUV region

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Xia, T. J.; Chien, T. S.; Wu, C. Y. Robert; Judge, D. L.

    1991-01-01

    Using synchrotron radiation as a continuum light source, the photoabsorption and photoionization cross sections of NH3, PH3, H2S, C2H2, and C2H4 have been measured from their respective ionization thresholds to 1060 A. The vibrational constants associated with the nu(2) totally symmetric, out-of-plane bending vibration of the ground electronic state of PH3(+) have been obtained. The cross sections and quantum yields for producing neutral products through photoexcitation of these molecules in the given spectral regions have also been determined. In the present work, autoionization processes were found to be less important than dissociation and predissociation processes in NH3, PH3, and C2H4. Several experimental techniques have been employed in order to examine the various possible systematic errors critically.

  13. Murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM) in C57BL/6N and C3H/HeN mice: strain differences in early host responses and exacerbation by nitrogen dioxide

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Parker, R.F.

    1987-01-01

    The studies reported here used genetic differences in susceptibility of C57BL/6N and C3H/HeN mice and exacerbation of the disease by nitrogen dioxide (NO/sub 2/) as tools in assessing the role of early host responses in the pathogenesis of MRM. The two strains did not differ in susceptibility to infection, but C3H/HeN mice were more susceptible to and had increased severity of lung lesions 14 days after intranasal inoculation as determined by 50% biological endpoints and morphometric analysis of tissues. Exposure to NO/sub 2/ for 4 hours prior to exposure to infectious aerosols exacerbated murine respiratory mycoplasmosis (MRM) by 7 daysmore » after exposure in both mouse strains. NO/sub 2/ appeared to affect host lung defense mechanisms responsible for limiting mycoplasmal growth in the lungs. The NO/sub 2/ exposure concentration required for this effect varied with the genetic background of the host, the dose of mycoplasmas administered, and the endpoint measured. Pulmonary clearance of radiolabeled M. pulmonis was determined in both mouse strains, and in C57BL/6N mice exposed to NO/sub 2/.« less

  14. Controlled growth of 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC films on low-tilt-angle vicinal (0001) 6H-SiC wafers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Powell, J. A.; Petit, J. B.; Edgar, J. H.; Jenkins, I. G.; Matus, L. G.

    1991-01-01

    It has been found that, with proper pregrowth surface treatment, 6H-SiC single-crystal films can be grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) at 1450 C on vicinal (0001) 6H-SiC with tilt angles as small as 0.1 deg. Previously, tilt angles of greater than 1.5 deg were required to achieve 6H on 6H at this growth temperature. In addition, 3C-SiC could be induced to grow within selected regions on the 6H substrate. the 3C regions contained few (or zero) double-positioning boundaries and a low density of stacking faults. A new growth model is proposed to explain the control of SiC polytype in this epitaxial film growth process.

  15. Establishment of a C57BL/6N mouse model of giardiasis.

    PubMed

    Lu, Siqi; Luo, Xiaobing; Chen, Xiaoning; Wang, Fengyun

    2002-10-01

    To establish a C57BL/6N mouse model infected with Giardia lamblia (G. lamblia) isolates from human origin. Two groups of C57BL/6N mouse were inoculated with purified cysts of two G. lamblia isolates (CD and XZ) by gavage separately. Patterns and curves of cyst excretion of the infected mice were observed and summarized. Histopathological changes of the small intestines of the infected mice were observed. Thirty-six mice receiving 1 x 10(4) cysts each were all infected. The C57BL/6N mouse showed high susceptibility to G. lamblia infection. There was no notable distinction between the two groups of the mice infected by the cysts of CD and XZ isolates. Cyst excretion occurred with intermittence. Of 36 infected mice, 32 (89%) passed cysts intermittently and 4 (11%) others persistently. The latent period of cyst excretion was 0 - 3 days p.i. (post-inoculation). The interruption of cyst excretion ranged from 12 to 20 days p.i. The fastigium of the cyst excretion was on day 6 p.i. The peak count of the cysts passed during a 2 h collection period was 2.3 x 10(7)/g fecal specimen. Edema, inflammation, cell infiltration, small blood vessels congestion, mitotic figures and mucosa necrosis appeared in sections of intestines. C57Bl/6N mouse is a suitable animal model of G. lamblia.

  16. Hydrocarbon Chemistry in Planetary Nebulae: Observations of CCH and c-C3H2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schmidt, Deborah Rose; Zack, Lindsay; Ziurys, Lucy M.

    2018-06-01

    In an effort to fully evaluate the molecular content of planetary nebulae (PNe), and the role of hydrocarbons, we have undertaken a search for CCH towards K4–47, K3–58, K3–17, M3–28, M4–14, Hb 5, K3-45, M1-7, M3-55, NGC 2440, NGC 6772, M1-12, and M1-20. These nebulae span a range of kinematic ages and morphologies. In addition, we observed CN, CCH, and c-C3H2 at eight positions sampling the Helix Nebula. Measurements at 3 mm of the N=1→0 transitions of CCH and CN and the J=21,2→10,1 of c-C3H2 were performed using the ALMA prototype 12-M antenna of the Arizona Radio Observatory (ARO), while the N=3→2 transition of CCH at 1 mm was observed using the ARO Sub-Millimeter Telescope. CCH was detected in 9 of the 13 survey PNe, while CCH, CN, and c-C3H2 were observed at all positions in the Helix, often with a complex velocity structure; c-C3H2 was also identified in K4-47. From radiative transfer modeling, column densities for CCH were found to range between Ntot(CCH) ~ 0.2-3.3 × 1015 cm-2 for the survey PNe, corresponding to fractional abundances with respect to H2 of f(CCH) ~ 0.2-47 × 10-7. The CN, CCH, and c-C3H2 column densities across the Helix were estimated to range between Ntot(CN) ~ 6.9-74 × 1011 cm-2, Ntot(CCH) ~ 3.2-28 × 1011 cm-2, and Ntot(c-C3H2) ~ 0.2-4.7 × 1011 cm-2, with fractional abundances of f(CN) ~ 0.9-9.8 × 10-7, f(CCH) ~ 0.4-3.7 × 10-7, and f(c-C3H2) ~ 0.3-6.5 × 10-8. Based on HCN measurements of the Helix by Schmidt & Ziurys (2017a), [CN]/[HCN] ratios are ~1-34, while [CCH]/[c-C3H2] ratios varied between ~3-46. The abundance of CCH in all observed PNe did not vary significantly across the nebular lifespan of ~10,000 years, in contrast to model predictions. These abundances are ~1-2 orders of magnitude greater than those measured in the diffuse ISM; moreover, the [CN]/[HCN] and [CCH]/[c-C3H2] ratios observed in the Helix are comparable to those in diffuse clouds, striking evidence that molecular material ejected from PNe

  17. Fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a cat

    PubMed Central

    Capasso, Angelo; Raiano, Vera; Sontuoso, Antonio; Olivero, Daniela

    2015-01-01

    Case summary A 5-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with haematuria, pollakiuria and stranguria of 2 months’ duration, and a firm non-painful mass in the urinary bladder was palpated. Abdominal radiographs showed thickening and irregular cranial margins of the urinary bladder wall. Abdominal ultrasound showed a vascularised mass of mixed echogenicity almost entirely occupying the urinary bladder lumen. During explorative laparotomy, the mass appeared pedunculated and was totally excised. Histopathology was characterised by infiltration of the mucosal, submucosal and muscular layers by proliferated atypical mesenchymal cells; immunochemistry confirmed the diagnosis of fibrosarcoma. The cat was discharged with normal urination 5 days after surgery. The owner declined any imaging follow-up but reported the cat to be free of any clinical signs at 16 months after surgery. Relevance and novel information To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of primary fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in the cat. Fibrosarcoma should be included in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder neoplasia. PMID:28491352

  18. Detections of Long Carbon Chains CH_{3}CCCCH, C_{6}H, LINEAR-C_{6}H_{2} and C_{7}H in the Low-Mass Star Forming Region L1527

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Araki, Mitsunori; Takano, Shuro; Sakai, Nami; Yamamoto, Satoshi; Oyama, Takahiro; Kuze, Nobuhiko; Tsukiyama, Koichi

    2017-06-01

    Carbon chains in the warm carbon chain chemistry (WCCC) region has been searched in the 42-44 GHz region by using Green Bank 100 m telescope. Long carbon chains C_{7}H, C_{6}H, CH_{3}CCCCH, and linear-C_{6}H_{2} and cyclic species C_{3}H and C_{3}H_{2}O have been detected in the low-mass star forming region L1527, performing the WCCC. C_{7}H was detected for the first time in molecular clouds. The column density of C_{7}H is derived to be 6.2 × 10^{10} cm^{-2} by using the detected J = 24.5-23.5 and 25.5-24.5 rotational lines. The ^{2}Π_{1/2} electronic state of C_{6}H, locating 21.6 K above the ^{2}Π_{3/2} electronic ground state, and the K_a = 0 line of the para species of linear-C_{6}H_{2} were also detected firstly in molecular clouds. The column densities of the ^{2}Π_{1/2} and ^{2}Π_{3/2} states of C_{6}H in L1527 were derived to be 1.6 × 10^{11} and 1.1 × 10^{12} cm^{-2}, respectively. The total column density of linear-C_{6}H_{2} is obtained to be 1.86 × 10^{11} cm^{-2}. While the abundance ratios of carbon chains in between L1527 and the starless dark cloud Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 Cyanopolyyne Peak (TMC-1 CP) have a trend of decrease by extension of carbon-chain length, column densities of CH_{3}CCCCH and C_{6}H are on the trend. However, the column densities of linear-C_{6}H_{2}, and C_{7}H are as abundant as those of TMC-1 CP in spite of long carbon chain, i.e., they are not on the trend. The abundances of linear-C_{6}H_{2} and C_{7}H show that L1527 is rich for long carbon chains as well as TMC-1 CP.

  19. ACB-PCR measurement of spontaneous and furan-induced H-ras codon 61 CAA to CTA and CAA to AAA mutation in B6C3F1 mouse liver.

    PubMed

    Banda, Malathi; Recio, Leslie; Parsons, Barbara L

    2013-10-01

    Furan is a rodent liver carcinogen, but the mode of action for furan hepatocarcinogenicity is unclear. H-ras codon 61 mutations have been detected in spontaneous liver tumors of B6C3F1 mice, and the fraction of liver tumors carrying H-ras codon 61 CAA to AAA mutation increased in furan-treated mice. Allele-specific competitive blocker PCR (ACB-PCR) has been used previously to quantify early, carcinogen-induced increases in tumor-associated mutations. The present pilot study investigated whether furan drives clonal expansion of pre-existing H-ras mutant cells in B6C3F1 mouse liver. H-ras codon 61 CAA to CTA and CAA to AAA mutations were measured in DNA isolated from liver tissue of female mice treated with 0, 1, 2, 4, or 8 mg furan/kg body weight, five days per week for three weeks, using five mice per treatment group. Spontaneous levels of mutation were low, with two of five control mice having an H-ras codon 61 CTA or AAA mutant fraction (MF) greater than 10(-5) . Several furan-treated mice had H-ras codon 61 AAA or CTA MFs greater than those measured in control mice and lower bound estimates of induced MF were calculated. However, no statistically-significant differences were observed between treatment groups. Therefore, while sustained exposure to furan is carcinogenic, at the early stage of carcinogenesis examined in this study (three weeks), there was not a significant expansion of H-ras mutant cells. Copyright © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  20. Computed tomography characteristics of fibrosarcoma -- a histological subtype of feline injection-site sarcoma.

    PubMed

    Travetti, Olga; di Giancamillo, Mauro; Stefanello, Damiano; Ferrari, Roberta; Giudice, Chiara; Grieco, Valeria; Saunders, Jimmy H

    2013-06-01

    Feline injection-site sarcoma (FISS) may be a consequence of subcutaneous injection. In the present study, the medical records and the computed tomography (CT) features of 22 cats with a FISS, histopathological subtype fibrosarcoma, were used. The majority of the fibrosarcomas (45%) were located in the interscapular region. All fibrosarcomas, except one with mild enhancement, showed strong contrast uptake, characterised as ring (42%), heterogeneous (36%), homogeneous (9%), heterogeneous/ring (6.5%) or mixed heterogeneous/homogeneous enhancement (6.5%). The longest axis of the mass was in a cranio-caudal (68%) or dorso-ventral (32%) direction. The median volume calculated on CT was 7.57 cm(3). Common features were a marked local invasiveness of the musculature and heterogeneity of the tissue in the periphery of the neoplasia. When the fibrosarcoma was interscapular, performing an additional post-contrast scan with the forelimbs positioned caudally along the body, in addition to the standard protocol with the forelimbs extended cranially, allowed better evaluation of the actual relationship between the tumour and the surrounding tissues. The mean number of muscles involved with the tumour was 2.09 with extended and 1.95 with flexed forelimbs. When a lower number of structures was considered infiltrated through the double positioning, a less invasive surgical approach to underlying muscles and scapula was performed.

  1. Absence of ras-gene hot-spot mutations in canine fibrosarcomas and melanomas.

    PubMed

    Murua Escobar, Hugo; Günther, Kathrin; Richter, Andreas; Soller, Jan T; Winkler, Susanne; Nolte, Ingo; Bullerdiek, Jörn

    2004-01-01

    Point mutations within ras proto-oncogenes, particularly within the mutational hot-spot codons 12, 13 and 61, are frequently detected in human malignancies and in different types of experimentally-induced tumours in animals. So far little is known about ras mutations in naturally occurring canine fibrosarcomas or K-ras mutations in canine melanomas. To elucidate whether ras mutations exist in these naturally occurring tumours in dogs, in the present study we screened 13 canine fibrosarcomas, 2 feline fibrosarcomas and 11 canine melanomas for point mutations, particularly within the mutational hot-spots, making this the first study to investigate a large number of canine fibrosarcomas. None of the samples showed a K- or N-ras hot spot mutation. Thus, our data strongly suggest that ras mutations at the hot-spot loci are very rare and do not play a major role in the pathogenesis of the spontaneously occurring canine tumours investigated.

  2. Lrit3 deficient mouse (nob6): a novel model of complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB).

    PubMed

    Neuillé, Marion; El Shamieh, Said; Orhan, Elise; Michiels, Christelle; Antonio, Aline; Lancelot, Marie-Elise; Condroyer, Christel; Bujakowska, Kinga; Poch, Olivier; Sahel, José-Alain; Audo, Isabelle; Zeitz, Christina

    2014-01-01

    Mutations in LRIT3, coding for a Leucine-Rich Repeat, immunoglobulin-like and transmembrane domains 3 protein lead to autosomal recessive complete congenital stationary night blindness (cCSNB). The role of the corresponding protein in the ON-bipolar cell signaling cascade remains to be elucidated. Here we genetically and functionally characterize a commercially available Lrit3 knock-out mouse, a model to study the function and the pathogenic mechanism of LRIT3. We confirm that the insertion of a Bgeo/Puro cassette in the knock-out allele introduces a premature stop codon, which presumably codes for a non-functional protein. The mouse line does not harbor other mutations present in common laboratory mouse strains or in other known cCSNB genes. Lrit3 mutant mice exhibit a so-called no b-wave (nob) phenotype with lacking or severely reduced b-wave amplitudes in the scotopic and photopic electroretinogram (ERG), respectively. Optomotor tests reveal strongly decreased optomotor responses in scotopic conditions. No obvious fundus auto-fluorescence or histological retinal structure abnormalities are observed. However, spectral domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) reveals thinned inner nuclear layer and part of the retina containing inner plexiform layer, ganglion cell layer and nerve fiber layer in these mice. To our knowledge, this is the first time that SD-OCT technology is used to characterize an animal model for CSNB. This phenotype is noted at 6 weeks and at 6 months. The stationary nob phenotype of mice lacking Lrit3, which we named nob6, confirms the findings previously reported in patients carrying LRIT3 mutations and is similar to other cCSNB mouse models. This novel mouse model will be useful for investigating the pathogenic mechanism(s) associated with LRIT3 mutations and clarifying the role of LRIT3 in the ON-bipolar cell signaling cascade.

  3. 1H and 13C NMR spectra of C-6 and C-9 substituted 3-azabicyclco[3.3.1]nonanes.

    PubMed

    Goodall, Kirsten; Brimble, Margaret; Barker, David

    2008-01-01

    The 1H and 13C NMR data for 3-azabicyclo[3.3.1]nonanes with OH and OMe substituents at C-6 and C-9 were measured using 1D (DEPT) and 2D (COSY, HSQC, HMBC, NOESY) experiments. Comparison of this NMR data illustrates the effects of stereochemistry and substitution at these positions. Copyright (c) 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  4. A novel technique for measurement of thermal rate constants and temperature dependences of dissociative recombination: CO{sub 2}{sup +}, CF{sub 3}{sup +}, N{sub 2}O{sup +}, C{sub 7}H{sub 8}{sup +}, C{sub 7}H{sub 7}{sup +}, C{sub 6}H{sub 6}{sup +}, C{sub 6}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 5}H{sub 6}{sup +}, C{sub 4}H{sub 4}{sup +}, and C{sub 3}H{sub 3}{sup +}

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fournier, Joseph A.; Shuman, Nicholas S.; Melko, Joshua J.

    A novel technique using a flowing afterglow-Langmuir probe apparatus for measurement of temperature dependences of rate constants for dissociative recombination (DR) is presented. Low ({approx}10{sup 11} cm{sup -3}) concentrations of a neutral precursor are added to a noble gas/electron afterglow plasma thermalized at 300-500 K. Charge exchange yields one or many cation species, each of which may undergo DR. Relative ion concentrations are monitored at a fixed reaction time while the initial plasma density is varied between 10{sup 9} and 10{sup 10} cm{sup -3}. Modeling of the decrease in concentration of each cation relative to the non-recombining noble gas cationmore » yields the rate constant for DR. The technique is applied to several species (O{sub 2}{sup +}, CO{sub 2}{sup +}, CF{sub 3}{sup +}, N{sub 2}O{sup +}) with previously determined 300 K values, showing excellent agreement. The measurements of those species are extended to 500 K, with good agreement to literature values where they exist. Measurements are also made for a range of C{sub n}H{sub m}{sup +} (C{sub 7}H{sub 7}{sup +}, C{sub 7}H{sub 8}{sup +}, C{sub 5}H{sub 6}{sup +}, C{sub 4}H{sub 4}{sup +}, C{sub 6}H{sub 5}{sup +}, C{sub 3}H{sub 3}{sup +}, and C{sub 6}H{sub 6}{sup +}) derived from benzene and toluene neutral precursors. C{sub n}H{sub m}{sup +} DR rate constants vary from 8-12 Multiplication-Sign 10{sup -7} cm{sup 3} s{sup -1} at 300 K with temperature dependences of approximately T{sup -0.7}. Where prior measurements exist these results are in agreement, with the exception of C{sub 3}H{sub 3}{sup +} where the present results disagree with a previously reported flat temperature dependence.« less

  5. Current diagnostics and treatment of fibrosarcoma –perspectives for future therapeutic targets and strategies

    PubMed Central

    Augsburger, Daniela; Nelson, Peter J.; Kalinski, Thomas; Udelnow, Andrej; Knösel, Thomas; Hofstetter, Monika; Qin, Ji Wei; Wang, Yan; Gupta, Arvid Sen; Bonifatius, Susanne; Li, Minglun; Bruns, Christiane J.; Zhao, Yue

    2017-01-01

    Adult-type fibrosarcoma is a rare and highly aggressive subtype of soft tissue sarcomas. Due to the existence of other spindle-cell shaped sarcomas, its diagnosis is always one of exclusion. The likelihood of misdiagnoses between similar tumour entities is high, and often leads to inappropriate tumour treatment. We summarize here the main features of fibrosarcoma. When fibrosarcoma is appropriately diagnosed, the patient`s overall prognosis is generally quite poor. Fibrosarcoma is characterized by its low sensitivity towards radio- and chemotherapy as well as by its high rate of tumour recurrences. Thus it is important to identify new methods to improve treatment of this tumour entity. We discuss some promising new directions in fibrosarcoma research, specifically focusing on more effective targeting of the tumour microenvironment. Communication between tumour cells and their surrounding stromal tissue play a crucial role in cancer progression, invasion, metastasis and chemosensitivity. The therapeutic potential of targeting the tumour microenvironment is addressed. PMID:29262667

  6. Calculational and Experimental Investigations of the Pressure Effects on Radical - Radical Cross Combinations Reactions: C2H5 + C2H3

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Fahr, Askar; Halpern, Joshua B.; Tardy, Dwight C.

    2007-01-01

    Pressure-dependent product yields have been experimentally determined for the cross-radical reaction C2H5 + C2H3. These results have been extended by calculations. It is shown that the chemically activated combination adduct, 1-C4H8*, is either stabilized by bimolecular collisions or subject to a variety of unimolecular reactions including cyclizations and decompositions. Therefore the "apparent" combination/disproportionation ratio exhibits a complex pressure dependence. The experimental studies were performed at 298 K and at selected pressures between about 4 Torr (0.5 kPa) and 760 Torr (101 kPa). Ethyl and vinyl radicals were simultaneously produced by 193 nm excimer laser photolysis of C2H5COC2H3 or photolysis of C2H3Br and C2H5COC2H5. Gas chromatograph/mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC/MS/FID) were used to identify and quantify the final reaction products. The major combination reactions at pressures between 500 (66.5 kPa) and 760 Torr are (1c) C2H5 + C2H3 yields 1-butene, (2c) C2H5 + C2H5 yields n-butane, and (3c) C2H3 + C2H3 yields 1,3-butadiene. The major products of the disproportionation reactions are ethane, ethylene, and acetylene. At moderate and lower pressures, secondary products, including propene, propane, isobutene, 2-butene (cis and trans), 1-pentene, 1,4-pentadiene, and 1,5-hexadiene are also observed. Two isomers of C4H6, cyclobutene and/or 1,2-butadiene, were also among the likely products. The pressure-dependent yield of the cross-combination product, 1-butene, was compared to the yield of n-butane, the combination product of reaction (2c), which was found to be independent of pressure over the range of this study. The [ 1-C4H8]/[C4H10] ratio was reduced from approx.1.2 at 760 Torr (101 kPa) to approx.0.5 at 100 Torr (13.3 kPa) and approx.0.1 at pressures lower than about 5 Torr (approx.0.7 kPa). Electronic structure and RRKM calculations were used to simulate both unimolecular and bimolecular processes. The relative importance

  7. Histone variant H3.3-mediated chromatin remodeling is essential for paternal genome activation in mouse preimplantation embryos.

    PubMed

    Kong, Qingran; Banaszynski, Laura A; Geng, Fuqiang; Zhang, Xiaolei; Zhang, Jiaming; Zhang, Heng; O'Neill, Claire L; Yan, Peidong; Liu, Zhonghua; Shido, Koji; Palermo, Gianpiero D; Allis, C David; Rafii, Shahin; Rosenwaks, Zev; Wen, Duancheng

    2018-03-09

    Derepression of chromatin-mediated transcriptional repression of paternal and maternal genomes is considered the first major step that initiates zygotic gene expression after fertilization. The histone variant H3.3 is present in both male and female gametes and is thought to be important for remodeling the paternal and maternal genomes for activation during both fertilization and embryogenesis. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Using our H3.3B-HA-tagged mouse model, engineered to report H3.3 expression in live animals and to distinguish different sources of H3.3 protein in embryos, we show here that sperm-derived H3.3 (sH3.3) protein is removed from the sperm genome shortly after fertilization and extruded from the zygotes via the second polar bodies (PBII) during embryogenesis. We also found that the maternal H3.3 (mH3.3) protein is incorporated into the paternal genome as early as 2 h postfertilization and is detectable in the paternal genome until the morula stage. Knockdown of maternal H3.3 resulted in compromised embryonic development both of fertilized embryos and of androgenetic haploid embryos. Furthermore, we report that mH3.3 depletion in oocytes impairs both activation of the Oct4 pluripotency marker gene and global de novo transcription from the paternal genome important for early embryonic development. Our results suggest that H3.3-mediated paternal chromatin remodeling is essential for the development of preimplantation embryos and the activation of the paternal genome during embryogenesis. © 2018 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

  8. Trapping-mediated dissociative chemisorption of C3H8 and C3D8 on Ir(110)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kelly, D.; Weinberg, W. H.

    1996-07-01

    We have employed molecular beam techniques to investigate the molecular trapping and trapping-mediated dissociative chemisorption of C3H8 and C3D8 on Ir(110) at low beam translational energies, Ei≤5 kcal/mol, and surface temperatures, Ts, from 85 to 1200 K. For Ts=85 K, C3H8 is molecularly adsorbed on Ir(110) with a trapping probability, ξ, equal to 0.94 at Ei=1.6 kcal/mol and ξ=0.86 at Ei=5 kcal/mol. At Ei=1.9 kcal/mol and Ts=85 K, ξ of C3D8 is equal to 0.93. From 150 K to approximately 700 K, the initial probabilities of dissociative chemisorption of propane decrease with increasing Ts. For Ts from 700 to 1200 K, however, the initial probability of dissociative chemisorption maintains the essentially constant value of 0.16. These observations are explained within the context of a kinetic model which includes both C-H (C-D) and C-C bond cleavage. Below 450 K propane chemisorption on Ir(110) arises essentially solely from C-H (C-D) bond cleavage, an unactivated mechanism (with respect to a gas-phase energy zero) for this system, which accounts for the decrease in initial probabilities of chemisorption with increasing Ts. With increasing Ts, however, C-C bond cleavage, the activation energy of which is greater than the desorption energy of physically adsorbed propane, increasingly contributes to the measured probability of dissociative chemisorption. The activation energies, referenced to the bottom of the physically adsorbed molecular well, for C-H and C-C bond cleavage for C3H8 on Ir(110) are found to be Er,CH=5.3±0.3 kcal/mol and Er,CC=9.9±0.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The activation energies for C-D and C-C bond cleavage for C3D8 on Ir(110) are 6.3±0.3 kcal/mol and 10.5±0.6 kcal/mol, respectively. The desorption activation energy of propane from Ir(110) is approximately 9.5 kcal/mol. These activation energies are compared to activation energies determined recently for ethane and propane adsorption on Ir(111), Ru(001), and Pt(110)-(1×2), and ethane

  9. The histone demethylase Jarid1b ensures faithful mouse development by protecting developmental genes from aberrant H3K4me3.

    PubMed

    Albert, Mareike; Schmitz, Sandra U; Kooistra, Susanne M; Malatesta, Martina; Morales Torres, Cristina; Rekling, Jens C; Johansen, Jens V; Abarrategui, Iratxe; Helin, Kristian

    2013-04-01

    Embryonic development is tightly regulated by transcription factors and chromatin-associated proteins. H3K4me3 is associated with active transcription and H3K27me3 with gene repression, while the combination of both keeps genes required for development in a plastic state. Here we show that deletion of the H3K4me2/3 histone demethylase Jarid1b (Kdm5b/Plu1) results in major neonatal lethality due to respiratory failure. Jarid1b knockout embryos have several neural defects including disorganized cranial nerves, defects in eye development, and increased incidences of exencephaly. Moreover, in line with an overlap of Jarid1b and Polycomb target genes, Jarid1b knockout embryos display homeotic skeletal transformations typical for Polycomb mutants, supporting a functional interplay between Polycomb proteins and Jarid1b. To understand how Jarid1b regulates mouse development, we performed a genome-wide analysis of histone modifications, which demonstrated that normally inactive genes encoding developmental regulators acquire aberrant H3K4me3 during early embryogenesis in Jarid1b knockout embryos. H3K4me3 accumulates as embryonic development proceeds, leading to increased expression of neural master regulators like Pax6 and Otx2 in Jarid1b knockout brains. Taken together, these results suggest that Jarid1b regulates mouse development by protecting developmental genes from inappropriate acquisition of active histone modifications.

  10. The Histone Demethylase Jarid1b Ensures Faithful Mouse Development by Protecting Developmental Genes from Aberrant H3K4me3

    PubMed Central

    Kooistra, Susanne M.; Malatesta, Martina; Morales Torres, Cristina; Rekling, Jens C.; Johansen, Jens V.; Abarrategui, Iratxe; Helin, Kristian

    2013-01-01

    Embryonic development is tightly regulated by transcription factors and chromatin-associated proteins. H3K4me3 is associated with active transcription and H3K27me3 with gene repression, while the combination of both keeps genes required for development in a plastic state. Here we show that deletion of the H3K4me2/3 histone demethylase Jarid1b (Kdm5b/Plu1) results in major neonatal lethality due to respiratory failure. Jarid1b knockout embryos have several neural defects including disorganized cranial nerves, defects in eye development, and increased incidences of exencephaly. Moreover, in line with an overlap of Jarid1b and Polycomb target genes, Jarid1b knockout embryos display homeotic skeletal transformations typical for Polycomb mutants, supporting a functional interplay between Polycomb proteins and Jarid1b. To understand how Jarid1b regulates mouse development, we performed a genome-wide analysis of histone modifications, which demonstrated that normally inactive genes encoding developmental regulators acquire aberrant H3K4me3 during early embryogenesis in Jarid1b knockout embryos. H3K4me3 accumulates as embryonic development proceeds, leading to increased expression of neural master regulators like Pax6 and Otx2 in Jarid1b knockout brains. Taken together, these results suggest that Jarid1b regulates mouse development by protecting developmental genes from inappropriate acquisition of active histone modifications. PMID:23637629

  11. Number and location of mouse mammary tumor virus proviral DNA in mouse DNA of normal tissue and of mammary tumors.

    PubMed Central

    Groner, B; Hynes, N E

    1980-01-01

    The Southern DNA filter transfer technique was used to characterize the genomic location of the mouse mammary tumor proviral DNA in different inbred strains of mice. Two of the strains (C3H and CBA) arose from a cross of a Bagg albino (BALB/c) mouse and a DBA mouse. The mouse mammary tumor virus-containing restriction enzyme DNA fragments of these strains had similar patterns, suggesting that the proviruses of these mice are in similar genomic locations. Conversely, the pattern arising from the DNA of the GR mouse, a strain genetically unrelated to the others, appeared different, suggesting that its mouse mammary tumor proviruses are located in different genomic sites. The structure of another gene, that coding for beta-globin, was also compared. The mice strains which we studied can be categorized into two classes, expressing either one or two beta-globin proteins. The macroenvironment of the beta-globin gene appeared similar among the mice strains belonging to one genetic class. Female mice of the C3H strain exogenously transmit mouse mammary tumor virus via the milk, and their offspring have a high incidence of mammary tumor occurrence. DNA isolated from individual mammary tumors taken from C3H mice or from BALB/c mice foster nursed on C3H mothers was analyzed by the DNA filter transfer technique. Additional mouse mammary tumor virus-containing fragments were found in the DNA isolated from each mammary tumor. These proviral sequences were integrated into different genomic sites in each tumor. Images PMID:6245257

  12. Cleavage of sp3 C-O bonds via oxidative addition of C-H bonds.

    PubMed

    Choi, Jongwook; Choliy, Yuriy; Zhang, Xiawei; Emge, Thomas J; Krogh-Jespersen, Karsten; Goldman, Alan S

    2009-11-04

    (PCP)Ir (PCP = kappa(3)-C(6)H(3)-2,6-[CH(2)P(t-Bu)(2)](2)) is found to undergo oxidative addition of the methyl-oxygen bond of electron-poor methyl aryl ethers, including methoxy-3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzene and methoxypentafluorobenzene, to give the corresponding aryloxide complexes (PCP)Ir(CH(3))(OAr). Although the net reaction is insertion of the Ir center into the C-O bond, density functional theory (DFT) calculations and a significant kinetic isotope effect [k(CH(3))(OAr)/k(CD(3))(OAr) = 4.3(3)] strongly argue against a simple insertion mechanism and in favor of a pathway involving C-H addition and alpha-migration of the OAr group to give a methylene complex followed by hydride-to-methylene migration to give the observed product. Ethoxy aryl ethers, including ethoxybenzene, also undergo C-O bond cleavage by (PCP)Ir, but the net reaction in this case is 1,2-elimination of ArO-H to give (PCP)Ir(H)(OAr) and ethylene. DFT calculations point to a low-barrier pathway for this reaction that proceeds through C-H addition of the ethoxy methyl group followed by beta-aryl oxide elimination and loss of ethylene. Thus, both of these distinct C-O cleavage reactions proceed via initial addition of a C(sp(3))-H bond, despite the fact that such bonds are typically considered inert and are much stronger than C-O bonds.

  13. SETDB1 modulates PRC2 activity at developmental genes independently of H3K9 trimethylation in mouse ES cells

    PubMed Central

    Fei, Qi; Yang, Xiaoqin; Jiang, Hua; Wang, Qian; Yu, Yanyan; Yu, Yiling; Yi, Wei; Zhou, Shaolian; Chen, Taiping; Lu, Chris; Atadja, Peter; Liu, Xiaole Shirley; Li, En; Zhang, Yong; Shou, Jianyong

    2015-01-01

    SETDB1, a histone methyltransferase responsible for methylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9), is involved in maintenance of embryonic stem (ES) cells and early embryonic development of the mouse. However, how SETDB1 regulates gene expression during development is largely unknown. Here, we characterized genome-wide SETDB1 binding and H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) profiles in mouse ES cells and uncovered two distinct classes of SETDB1 binding sites, termed solo and ensemble peaks. The solo peaks were devoid of H3K9me3 and enriched near developmental regulators while the ensemble peaks were associated with H3K9me3. A subset of the SETDB1 solo peaks, particularly those near neural development–related genes, was found to be associated with Polycomb Repressive Complex 2 (PRC2) as well as PRC2-interacting proteins JARID2 and MTF2. Genetic deletion of Setdb1 reduced EZH2 binding as well as histone 3 lysine 27 (H3K27) trimethylation level at SETDB1 solo peaks and facilitated neural differentiation. Furthermore, we found that H3K27me3 inhibits SETDB1 methyltransferase activity. The currently identified reciprocal action between SETDB1 and PRC2 reveals a novel mechanism underlying ES cell pluripotency and differentiation regulation. PMID:26160163

  14. Downregulation of p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) or cinnamate-4-hydrolylase (C4H) in Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis leads to increased extractability

    DOE PAGES

    Ziebell, Angela; Gjersing, Erica; Hinchee, Maud; ...

    2016-01-20

    Lignin reduction through breeding and genetic modification has the potential to reduce costs in biomass processing in pulp and paper, forage, and lignocellulosic ethanol industries. Here, we present detailed characterization of the extractability and lignin structure of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis RNAi downregulated in p-coumaroyl quinate/shikimate 3'-hydroxylase (C3'H) or cinnamate-4-hydroxylase (C4H). Both the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines were found to have significantly higher extractability when exposed to NaOH base extraction, indicating altered cell wall construction. The molecular weight of isolated lignin was measured and lignin structure was determined by HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis for control and themore » C3'H and C4H downregulated lines. The slight reductions in average molecular weights of the lignin isolated from the transgenic lines (C3'H = 7000, C4H = 6500, control = 7300) does not appear to explain the difference in extractability. The HSQC NMR-based lignin subunit analysis showed increases in H lignin content for the C3'H but only slight differences in the lignin subunit structure of the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines when compared to the control. The greatest difference between the C3'H and C4H downregulated lines is the total lignin content; therefore, it appears that overall lowered lignin content contributes greatly to reduced recalcitrance and increased extractability of cell wall biopolymers. Furthermore, studies will be conducted to determine how the reduction in lignin content creates a less rigid cell wall that is more prone to extraction and sugar release.« less

  15. A novel (S)-(+)-decursin derivative, (S)-(+)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl-ester, inhibits ovalbumin-induced lung inflammation in a mouse model of asthma.

    PubMed

    Yang, Eun Ju; Song, Gyu-Yong; Lee, Ji-Sook; Yun, Chi-Young; Kim, In Sik

    2009-03-01

    (S)-(+)-Decursin is a coumarin compound present in herbal extracts that has various biological activities. (S)-(+)-Decursin attenuates pathophysiologic progression in cancer, bacterial infection and neuropathy. Asthma is an inflammatory disease associated with increased infiltration of leukocytes, especially eosinophils, and secretion of mucus into the airways. Although (S)-(+)-decursin, as well as (S)-(+)-decursin analogues, have various pharmacological properties, the effect of these compounds on asthma is not known. In the present study, we synthesized (S)-(+)-3-(3,4-dihydroxy-phenyl)-acrylic acid 2,2-dimethyl-8-oxo-3,4-dihydro-2H,8H-pyrano[3,2-g]chromen-3-yl-ester (compound 6, C6) from (S)-(+)-decursin and examined if C6 had any inhibitory effects on lung inflammation in a mouse model of ovalbumin-induced asthma. C6 significantly inhibited the leukocytosis (p < 0.01) and eosinophilia (p < 0.05) in bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid. Examination of lung tissues stained with hematoxylin and eosin and periodic acid Schiff reagents showed that C6 suppressed the increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and elevated mucus hypersecretion. Protein levels of interleukin (IL)-5 (p < 0.05) and eotaxin (p < 0.01) were significantly reduced in BAL fluid by C6. C6 also significantly reduced total and ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in BAL fluid (p < 0.01) as well as that in serum (p < 0.05). C6 may have pharmacological effects for asthma and may be a potent therapeutic agent for the treatment of allergic airway diseases.

  16. Growth and characterizaton of 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC films on 6H-SiC wafers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Powell, J. A.; Petit, J. B.; Matus, L. G.; Lempner, S. E.

    1992-01-01

    Single crystal SiC films were grown by CVD on vicinal (0001) SiC wafers cut from boules produced by the modified sublimation method. Wafers with tilt angles less than 0.5 deg yielded 3C-SiC; tilt angles of 3 to 4 deg resulted in 6H-SiC films. The surface morphology of these films, up to 24 microns thick, were investigated as a function of growth parameters such as the Si/C ratio in the input gases and the presence of dopant materials such as nitrogen and trimethylaluminum.

  17. Mapping the Complement Factor H-Related Protein 1 (CFHR1):C3b/C3d Interactions

    PubMed Central

    Laskowski, Jennifer; Thurman, Joshua M.; Hageman, Gregory S.; Holers, V. Michael

    2016-01-01

    Complement factor H-related protein 1 (CFHR1) is a complement regulator which has been reported to regulate complement by blocking C5 convertase activity and interfering with C5b surface association. CFHR1 also competes with complement factor H (CFH) for binding to C3b, and may act as an antagonist of CFH-directed regulation on cell surfaces. We have employed site-directed mutagenesis in conjunction with ELISA-based and functional assays to isolate the binding interaction that CFHR1 undertakes with complement components C3b and C3d to a single shared interface. The C3b/C3d:CFHR1 interface is identical to that which occurs between the two C-terminal domains (SCR19-20) of CFH and C3b. Moreover, we have been able to corroborate that dimerization of CFHR1 is necessary for this molecule to bind effectively to C3b and C3d, or compete with CFH. Finally, we have established that CFHR1 competes with complement factor H-like protein 1 (CFHL-1) for binding to C3b. CFHL-1 is a CFH gene splice variant, which is almost identical to the N-terminal 7 domains of CFH (SCR1-7). CFHR1, therefore, not only competes with the C-terminus of CFH for binding to C3b, but also sterically blocks the interaction that the N-terminus of CFH undertakes with C3b, and which is required for CFH-regulation. PMID:27814381

  18. Cis-existence of H3K27me3 and H3K36me2 in mouse embryonic stem cells revealed by specific ions of isobaric modification chromatogram.

    PubMed

    Mao, Hailei; Han, Gang; Xu, Longyong; Zhu, Duming; Lin, Hanqing; Cao, Xiongwen; Yu, Yi; Chen, Charlie Degui

    2015-07-21

    Histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) and H3 lysine 36 trimethylation (H3K36me3) are important epigenetic modifications correlated with transcription repression and activation, respectively. These two opposing modifications rarely co-exist in the same H3 polypeptide. However, a small but significant amount of H3 tails are modified with 5 methyl groups on K27 and K36 in mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) and it is unclear how the trimethylation is distributed on K27 or K36. A label-free, bottom-up mass spectrum method, named specific ions of isobaric modification chromatogram (SIMC), was established to quantify the relative abundance of K27me2-K36me3 and K27me3-K36me2 in the same histone H3 tail. By using this method, we demonstrated that the H3K27me3-K36me2 comprises about 85 % of the penta-methylated H3 tails at K27 and K36 in mESCs. Upon mESC differentiation, the abundance of H3K27me3-K36me2 significantly decreased, while the level of H3K27me2-K36me3 remains unchanged. Our study not only revealed the cis-existence of H3K27me3-K36me2 in mESCs, but also suggested that this combinatorial histone modification may assume a specific regulatory function during differentiation.

  19. Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Martin, Melanie

    2003-08-01

    An 8-year-old, spayed, female domestic shorthair was diagnosed with a vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma and treated with full course radiation therapy, aggressive surgery, and postoperative chemotherapy. Histopathologic examination confirmed that excision of the tumor was complete. The cat was doing well 278 days after initial presentation.

  20. Rhodium(III)-Catalyzed Amidation of Unactivated C(sp(3) )-H Bonds.

    PubMed

    Wang, He; Tang, Guodong; Li, Xingwei

    2015-10-26

    Nitrogenation by direct functionalization of C-H bonds represents an important strategy for constructing C-N bonds. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed direct amidation of unactivated C(sp(3) )-H bonds is rare, especially under mild reaction conditions. Herein, a broad scope of C(sp(3) )-H bonds are amidated under rhodium catalysis in high efficiency using 3-substituted 1,4,2-dioxazol-5-ones as the amide source. The protocol broadens the scope of rhodium(III)-catalyzed C(sp(3) )-H activation chemistry, and is applicable to the late-stage functionalization of natural products. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  1. H3 and H4 Lysine Acetylation Correlates with Developmental and Experimentally Induced Adult Experience-Dependent Plasticity in the Mouse Visual Cortex

    PubMed Central

    Vierci, Gabriela; Pannunzio, Bruno; Bornia, Natalia; Rossi, Francesco M.

    2016-01-01

    Histone posttranslational modifications play a fundamental role in orchestrating gene expression. In this work, we analyzed the acetylation of H3 and H4 histones (AcH3–AcH4) and its modulation by visual experience in the mouse visual cortex (VC) during normal development and in two experimental conditions that restore juvenile-like plasticity levels in adults (fluoxetine treatment and enriched environment). We found that AcH3–AcH4 declines with age and is upregulated by treatments restoring plasticity in the adult. We also found that visual experience modulates AcH3–AcH4 in young and adult plasticity-restored mice but not in untreated ones. Finally, we showed that the transporter vGAT is downregulated in adult plasticity-restored models. In summary, we identified a dynamic regulation of AcH3–AcH4, which is associated with high plasticity levels and enhanced by visual experience. These data, along with recent ones, indicate H3H4 acetylation as a central hub in the control of experience-dependent plasticity in the VC. PMID:27891053

  2. Electrical properties of epitaxial 3C- and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes produced side-by-side on 6H-SiC substrates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, Philip G.; Larkin, David J.; Starr, Jonathan E.; Powell, J. Anthony; Salupo, Carl S.; Matus, Lawrence G.

    1994-01-01

    3C-SiC (beta-SiC) and 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes have been fabricated in regions of both 3C-SiC and 6H-SiC epitaxial layers which were grown side-by-side on low-tilt-angle 6H-SiC substrates via a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) process. Several runs of diodes exhibiting state-of-the-art electrical characteristics were produced, and performance characteristics were measured and compared as a function of doping, temperature, and polytype. The first 3C-SiC diodes which rectify to reverse voltages in excess of 300 V were characterized, representing a six-fold blocking voltage improvement over experimental 3C-SiC diodes produced by previous techniques. When placed under sufficient forward bias, the 3C-SiC diodes emit significantly bright green-yellow light while the 6H-SiC diodes emit in the blue-violet. The 6H-SiC p-n junction diodes represent the first reported high-quality 6H-SiC devices to be grown by CVD on very low-tilt-angle (less than 0.5 deg off the (0001) silicon face) 6H substrates. The reverse leakage current of a 200 micron diameter circular device at 1100 V reverse bias was less than 20 nA at room temperature, and excellent rectification characteristics were demonstrated at the peak characterization temperature of 400 C.

  3. Absence of PDGF-induced, PKC-independent c-fos expression in a chemically transformed C3H/10T1/2 cell clone.

    PubMed

    Vassbotn, F S; Skar, R; Holmsen, H; Lillehaug, J R

    1992-09-01

    The effect of platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) on c-fos mRNA transcription was studied in the immortalized mouse embryo fibroblast C3H/10T1/2 Cl 8 (10T1/2) cells and the chemically transformed, tumorigenic subclone C3H/10T1/2 Cl 16 (Cl 16). In the 10T1/2 cells as well as the Cl 16 subclone, the dose-dependent PDGF stimulation of c-fos mRNA synthesis was similar in both logarithmically growing and confluent cultures. c-fos mRNA was induced severalfold by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in both 10T1/2 and Cl 16. Down-regulation of protein kinase C (PKC) activity by TPA pretreatment inhibited PDGF-stimulated c-fos mRNA expression in Cl 16 cells but did not affect this induction in the 10T1/2 cells. This inhibition was not a general phenomenon of 3-methylcholanthrene-mediated transformation of 10T1/2 cells since experiments with another transformed 10T1/2 cell clone, C3H/10T1/2 TPA 482, gave qualitatively the same results as the 10T1/2 cells. Receptor binding experiments showed that the nontransformed and transformed cells had a comparable number of PDGF receptors, 1.3 x 10(5) and 0.7 x 10(5) receptors per cell, respectively. Furthermore, cAMP-induced c-fos expression induced by forskolin is formerly shown to be independent of PKC down-regulation. In our experiments, forskolin induced c-fos expression in both clones. However, PKC down-regulation inhibited the forskolin-induced c-fos expression in Cl 16 cells. This apparently demonstrates cross talk between PKC and PKA in the c-fos induction pathway. The present results provide evidence for an impaired mechanism for activating c-fos expression through PKC-independent, PDGF-induced signal transduction in the chemically transformed Cl 16 fibroblasts compared to that in nontransformed 10T1/2 cells.

  4. Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat

    PubMed Central

    Martin, Melanie

    2003-01-01

    An 8-year-old, spayed, female domestic shorthair was diagnosed with a vaccine- associated fibrosarcoma and treated with full course radiation therapy, aggressive surgery, and postoperative chemotherapy. Histopathologic examination confirmed that excision of the tumor was complete. The cat was doing well 278 days after initial presentation. PMID:13677599

  5. Characterization of a n+3C/n−4H SiC heterojunction diode

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Minamisawa, R. A.; Mihaila, A.; Farkas, I.

    We report on the fabrication of n + 3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes (HJDs) potentially promising the ultimate thermal stability of the junction. The diodes were systematically analyzed by TEM, X-ray diffraction, AFM, and secondary ion mass spectroscopy, indicating the formation of epitaxial 3C-SiC crystal on top of 4H-SiC substrate with continuous interface, low surface roughness, and up to ∼7 × 10{sup 17 }cm{sup −3} dopant impurity concentration. The conduction band off-set is about 1 V as extracted from CV measurements, while the valence bands of both SiC polytypes are aligned. The HJDs feature opening voltage of 1.65 V, consistent with the barrier height of about 1.5 eV extractedmore » from CV measurement. We finally compare the electrical results of the n + 3C/n-4H SiC heterojunction diodes with those featuring Si and Ge doped anodes in order to evaluate current challenges involved in the fabrication of such devices.« less

  6. Laboratory detection of the C3N an C4H free radicals

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Gottlieb, C. A.; Gottlieb, E. W.; Thaddeus, P.; Kawamura, H.

    1983-01-01

    The millimeter-wave spectra of the linear carbon chain free radicals C3N and C4H, first identified in IRC + 10216 and hitherto observed only in a few astronomical sources, have been detected with a Zeeman-modulated spectrometer in laboratory glow discharges through low pressure flowing mixtures of N2 + HC3N and He + HCCH, respectively. Four successive rotational transitions between 168 and 198 GHz have been measured for C3N, and five rotational transitions between 143 and 200 GHz for C4H; each is a well-resolved spin doublet owing to the unpaired electron present in both species. Precise values for the rotational, centrifugal distortion, and spin doubling constants have been obtained, which, with hyperfine constants derived from observations of the lower rotational transitions in the astronomical source TMC 1, allow all the rotational transitions of C3N and C4H at frequencies less than 300 GHz to be calculated to an absolute accuracy exceeding 1 ppm.

  7. Interconversion of η3-H2SiRR' σ-complexes and 16-electron silylene complexes via reversible H-H or C-H elimination.

    PubMed

    Lipke, Mark C; Neumeyer, Felix; Tilley, T Don

    2014-04-23

    Solid samples of η(3)-silane complexes [PhBP(Ph)3]RuH(η(3)-H2SiRR') (R,R' = Et2, 1a; PhMe, 1b; Ph2, 1c, MeMes, 1d) decompose when exposed to dynamic vacuum. Gas-phase H2/D2 exchange between isolated, solid samples of 1c-d3 and 1c indicate that a reversible elimination of H2 is the first step in the irreversible decomposition. An efficient solution-phase trap for hydrogen, the 16-electron ruthenium benzyl complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru[η(3)-CH2(3,5-Me2C6H3)] (3) reacts quantitatively with H2 in benzene via elimination of mesitylene to form the η(5)-cyclohexadienyl complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru(η(5)-C6H7) (4). This H2 trapping reaction was utilized to drive forward and quantify the elimination of H2 from 1b,d in solution, which resulted in the decomposition of 1b,d to form 4 and several organosilicon products that could not be identified. Reaction of {[PhBP(Ph)3]Ru(μ-Cl)}2 (2) with (THF)2Li(SiHMes2) forms a new η(3)-H2Si species [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru[CH2(2-(η(3)-H2SiMes)-3,5-Me2C6H2)] (5) which reacts with H2 to form the η(3)-H2SiMes2 complex [PhBP(Ph)3]RuH(η(3)-H2SiMes2) (1e). Complex 1e was identified by NMR spectroscopy prior to its decomposition by elimination of Mes2SiH2 to form 4. DFT calculations indicate that an isomer of 5, the 16-electron silylene complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru(μ-H)(═SiMes2), is only 2 kcal/mol higher in energy than 5. Treatment of 5 with XylNC (Xyl = 2,6-dimethylphenyl) resulted in trapping of [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru(μ-H)(═SiMes2) to form the 18-electron silylene complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru(CNXyl)(μ-H)(═SiMes2) (6). A closely related germylene complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru[CN(2,6-diphenyl-4-MeC6H2)](H)(═GeH(t)Bu) (8) was prepared from reaction of (t)BuGeH3 with the benzyl complex [PhBP(Ph)3]Ru[CN(2,6-diphenyl-4-MeC6H2)][η(1)-CH2(3,5-Me2C6H3)] (7). Single crystal XRD analysis indicated that unlike for 6, the hydride ligand in 8 is a terminal hydride that does not engage in 3c-2e Ru-H → Ge bonding. Complex 1b is an effective precatalyst for the catalytic Ge-H dehydrocoupling

  8. Step Free Surface Heteroepitaxy of 3C-SiC Layers on Patterned 4H/6H-SiC Mesas and Cantilevers

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, P. G.; Powell, J. A.; Trunek, A. J.; Spry, D. J.

    2004-01-01

    The off-axis approach to SiC epitaxial growth has not prevented many substrate crystal defects from propagating into SiC epilayers, and does not permit the realization of SiC heteropolytype devices. This paper reviews recent advancements in SiC epitaxial growth that begin to overcome the above shortcomings for arrays of device-sized mesas patterned into on-axis 4H/6HSiC wafers. These on-axis mesa growth techniques have produced 4H/6H-SiC homoepilayers and 3C-SiC heteroepilayers with substantially lower dislocation densities. The results should enable improved homojunction and heterojunction silicon carbide prototype devices.

  9. Cell lines derived from feline fibrosarcoma display unstable chromosomal aneuploidy and additionally centrosome number aberrations.

    PubMed

    von Erichsen, J; Hecht, W; Löhberg-Gruene, C; Reinacher, M

    2012-07-01

    The purpose of the study was to evaluate clonality and presence of numerical chromosomal and centrosomal aberrations in 5 established feline fibrosarcoma cell lines and in a fetal dermal fibroblast cell line as a control. The clonality of all cell lines was examined using limited-dilution cloning. The number of chromosomes was counted in metaphase spreads. The immunocytochemical analysis of centrosome numbers was performed by indirect immunofluorescence using a monoclonal antibody that targets γ-tubulin, a well-characterized component of centrosomes. Monoclonal cell populations could be established from all cell lines. In all feline fibrosarcoma cell lines, the number of chromosomes deviated abnormally from the normal feline chromosome number of 2n = 38, ranging from 19 to 155 chromosomes per cell. Centrosome hyperamplification was observed in all 5 feline fibrosarcoma cell lines with a proportion of cells (5.7 to 15.2%) having more than 2 centrosomes. In the control cell line, only 0.6% of the cells had more than 2 centrosomes. In conclusion, the examinations revealed that centrosome hyperamplification occurs in feline fibrosarcoma cell lines. The feline fibrosarcoma cell lines possessed 10 to 25 times as many cells with centrosome hyperamplification as the control cell line. These observations suggest an association of numerical centrosome aberrations with karyotype instability by increasing the frequency of chromosome missegregation. The results of this study may be helpful for further characterization of feline fibrosarcomas and may contribute to the knowledge of cytogenetic factors that may be important for the pathogenesis of feline fibrosarcomas.

  10. Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma: Report of a case

    PubMed Central

    Akinyamoju, Akindayo O; Olusanya, Adeola A; Adeyemi, Bukola F; Kolude, B

    2013-01-01

    Ameloblastic fibrosarcoma (AFS) is a rare odontogenic malignancy with benign epithelial and malignant ectomesenchymal components. About 66 cases have been reported in the medical literature. We therefore report an additional case as well as a review of literature to add to the existing knowledge on this rare lesion. PMID:24574665

  11. Calculation and synthesis of ZrC by CVD from ZrCl4-C3H6-H2-Ar system with high H2 percentage

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhu, Yan; Cheng, Laifei; Ma, Baisheng; Gao, Shuang; Feng, Wei; Liu, Yongsheng; Zhang, Litong

    2015-03-01

    A thermodynamic calculation about the synthesis of ZrC from the ZrCl4-C3H6-H2-Ar system with high percentage of H2 was performed using the FactSage thermochemical software. According to the calculation, ZrC coating was synthesized on graphite substrates and carbon fibers by a low pressure chemical vapor deposition (LPCVD) process, and growth rate of the ZrC coating as a function of temperature was investigated. The surface diagrams of condensed-phases in this system were expressed as the functions of the deposition temperature, total pressure and reactant ratios of ZrCl4/(ZrCl4 + C3H6), H2/(ZrCl4 + C3H6), and the yield of the products was determined by the diagrams. A smooth and dense ZrC coating could be synthesized under the instruction of the calculated parameters. The morphologies of the ZrC coatings were significantly affected by temperature and gases flux. The deposition temperature is much lower than that from the ZrCl4-CH4-H2-Ar system.

  12. Total reaction cross sections of electronic state-specified transition metal cations: V + +C2H6, C3H8, and C2H4 at 0.2 eV

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sanders, Lary; Hanton, Scott D.; Weisshaar, James C.

    1990-03-01

    We describe a crossed beam experiment which measures total cross sections for reaction of electronic state-specified V+ with small hydrocarbons at well-defined collision energy E=0.2 eV. The V+ state distribution created at each ionizing wavelength is directly measured by angle-integrated photoelectron spectroscopy (preceding paper). Reactant and product ions are collected and analyzed by pulsed time-of-flight mass spectrometry following a reaction time of 6 μs. Tests of the performance of the apparatus are described in detail. Our experiment defines the reactant V+ electronic state distribution and the collision energy much more precisely than previous work. For all three hydrocarbons C2H6, C3H8, and C2H4, H2 elimination products dominate at 0.2 eV. We observe a dramatic dependence of cross section on the V+ electronic term. The second excited term 3d34s(3F) is more reactive than either lower energy quintet term 3d4(5D) or 3d34s(5F) by a factor of ≥270, 80, and ≥6 for the C2H6, C3H8, and C2H4 reactions, respectively. The 3d34s(3F) reaction cross sections at 0.2 eV are 20±11 Å2, 37±19 Å2, and 2.7±1.6 Å2, respectively, compared with Langevin cross sections of ˜80 Å2. For the C2H6 and C3H8 reactions, cross sections are independent of initial spin-orbit level J within the 3F term to the limits of our accuracy. Comparison with earlier work by Armentrout and co-workers shows that electronic excitation to d3s(3F) is far more effective at promoting H2 elimination than addition of the same total kinetic energy to reactants. Electron spin is clearly a key determinant of V+ reactivity with small hydrocarbons. We suggest that triplet V+ reacts much more efficiently than quintet V+ because of its ability to conserve total electron spin along paths to insertion in a C-H bond of the hydrocarbon.

  13. Unimolecular reactivity of organotrifluoroborate anions, RBF3- , and their alkali metal cluster ions, M(RBF3 )2- (M = Na, K; R = CH3 , CH3 CH2 , CH3 (CH2 )3 , CH3 (CH2 )5 , c-C3 H5 , C6 H5 , C6 H5 CH2 , CH2 CHCH2 , CH2 CH, C6 H5 CO).

    PubMed

    Bathie, Fiona L B; Bowen, Chris J; Hutton, Craig A; O'Hair, Richard A J

    2018-07-15

    Potassium organotrifluoroborates (RBF 3 K) are important reagents used in organic synthesis. Although mass spectrometry is commonly used to confirm their molecular formulae, the gas-phase fragmentation reactions of organotrifluoroborates and their alkali metal cluster ions have not been previously reported. Negative-ion mode electrospray ionization (ESI) together with collision-induced dissociation (CID) using a triple quadrupole mass spectrometer were used to examine the fragmentation pathways for RBF 3 - (where R = CH 3 , CH 3 CH 2 , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 3 , CH 3 (CH 2 ) 5 , c-C 3 H 5 , C 6 H 5 , C 6 H 5 CH 2 , CH 2 CHCH 2 , CH 2 CH, C 6 H 5 CO) and M(RBF 3 ) 2 - (M = Na, K), while density functional theory (DFT) calculations at the M06/def2-TZVP level were used to examine the structures and energies associated with fragmentation reactions for R = Me and Ph. Upon CID, preferentially elimination of HF occurs for RBF 3 - ions for systems where R = an alkyl anion, whereas R - formation is favoured when R = a stabilized anion. At higher collision energies loss of F - and additional HF losses are sometimes observed. Upon CID of M(RBF 3 ) 2 - , formation of RBF 3 - is the preferred pathway with some fluoride transfer observed only when M = Na. The DFT-calculated relative thermochemistry for competing fragmentation pathways is consistent with the experiments. The main fragmentation pathways of RBF 3 - are HF elimination and/or R - loss. This contrasts with the fragmentation reactions of other organometallate anions, where reductive elimination, beta hydride transfer and bond homolysis are often observed. The presence of fluoride transfer upon CID of Na(RBF 3 ) 2 - but not K(RBF 3 ) 2 - is in agreement with the known fluoride affinities of Na + and K + and can be rationalized by Pearson's HSAB theory. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  14. INVESTIGATION OF INTENDED RADIATION THERAPY OF MELANOMA AND THE CHROMAFFIN SYSTEM BY SELECTIVE H$sup 3$ INCORPORATION AFTER DOSES OF H$sup 3$-LABELED DOPA (in German)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hempel, K.; Deimel, M.

    1963-05-01

    The possibilities for radiotherapeutic application of H/sup 3/labeled 3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) were investigated. DOPA in the animal organism is the precursor of melanine and the catecholamines. The integral radiation burden of the different organs of the normal mouse and the melanoma-mouse was calculated using the distribution with time of the Ha-activity in the organs. The H/sup 3/-distribution in adrenal and melanoma was determined autoradiographically. In the adrenal medulla H/sup 3/-concentration was 50 to 100 times greater than in all other organs. In that case, therapeutically effective radiation doses of about 25 000 rad can be obtained with H/sup 3/-DOPA, while themore » radiation burden of the other organs did not exceed 400 rad. However, in the melanoma radiation doses were considerably higher than in the other parts of the organism, but were not sufficient enough for radiotherapy of the tumor. (P.C.H.)« less

  15. The preclinical evaluation of immunocontraceptive vaccines based on canine zona pellucida 3 (cZP3) in a mouse model.

    PubMed

    Wang, Ying; Li, Yijie; Zhang, Beibei; Zhang, Fuchun

    2018-05-11

    Stray dogs are the reservoirs and carriers of rabies and are definitive hosts of echinococcosis. To control the overpopulation of stray dogs, zona pellucida 3 (ZP3), a primary receptor for sperm, is a potential antigen for developing contraceptive vaccines. To enhance the immune responses and contraceptive effects of canine ZP3 (cZP3), dog gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and a T cell epitope of chicken ovalbumin (OVA) were selected to construct two fusion proteins with cZP3, ovalbumin-GnRH-ZP3 (OGZ) and ovalbumin-ZP3 (OZ), and their contraceptive effects were evaluated in mice. The synthesized DNA sequences of OGZ and OZ were cloned into plasmid pET-28a respectively. The fusion proteins OGZ and OZ were identified by SDS-PAGE and Western blot. Mice were immunized with OGZ, OZ and cZP3, and the infertility rates were monitored. Mice immunized with mouse ZP3 (mZP3) or adjuvant alone were used as positive control and negative control, respectively. cZP3- and GnRH-specific antibodies (Abs) were detected by ELISA. The bindings of the Abs to oocytes were detected by indirect immunofluorescence assay. The paraffin sections of mice ovaries were observed under microscope for analyzing pathological characteristics. SDS-PAGE and Western blot analyses showed that the two fusion proteins OGZ and OZ were correctly expressed. ELISA results showed that OGZ vaccine induced both cZP3- and GnRH-specific Abs, and OZ vaccine induced cZP3-specific Ab, which lasted for up to 168 days. The levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estradiol (E2) in sera were significantly decreased in OGZ immunized mice. Indirect immunofluorescence results showed that Abs induced by cZP3 and mZP3 could bind to the mouse ZP and dog ZP each other. Compared with the adjuvant group, all vaccine immunized groups significantly decreased the fertility rate and mean litter size. Interestingly, the fertility rate in OGZ-immunized group is the lowest, and only 1 mouse out of 10 mice is fertile

  16. The Tick-Over Theory Revisited: Formation and Regulation of the Soluble Alternative Complement C3 Convertase (C3(H2O)Bb)

    PubMed Central

    Bexborn, Fredrik; Andersson, Per Ola; Chen, Hui; Nilsson, Bo; Ekdahl, Kristina N.

    2009-01-01

    The molecular interactions between the components of the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement and its regulators, in both surface-bound and fluid-phase form, are still incompletely understood. The fact that the AP convertase is labile makes studies difficult to perform. According to the so called tick-over theory, hydrolyzed C3, called C3(H2O), forms the initial convertase in fluid phase together with factor B. In the present study, we have applied western blot analysis and ELISA together with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study the formation of the fluid-phase AP convertases C3(H2O)Bb and C3bBb and their regulation by factor H and factor I at specific time points and, with FRET, in real time. In our hands, factor B showed a higher affinity for C3(H2O) than for C3b, although in both cases it was readily activated to Bb. However, the convertase activity of C3bBb was approximately twice that of C3(H2O)Bb, as monitored by the generation of C3a. But in contrast, the C3(H2O)Bb convertase was more resistant to inactivation by factor H and factor I than was the C3bBb convertase. Under conditions that totally inactivated C3bBb, C3(H2O)Bb still retained approximately 25% of its initial activity. PMID:18096230

  17. The tick-over theory revisited: formation and regulation of the soluble alternative complement C3 convertase (C3(H2O)Bb).

    PubMed

    Bexborn, Fredrik; Andersson, Per Ola; Chen, Hui; Nilsson, Bo; Ekdahl, Kristina N

    2008-04-01

    The molecular interactions between the components of the C3 convertase of the alternative pathway (AP) of complement and its regulators, in both surface-bound and fluid-phase form, are still incompletely understood. The fact that the AP convertase is labile makes studies difficult to perform. According to the so called tick-over theory, hydrolyzed C3, called C3(H(2)O), forms the initial convertase in fluid phase together with factor B. In the present study, we have applied western blot analysis and ELISA together with fluorescence resonance energy transfer (FRET) to study the formation of the fluid-phase AP convertases C3(H(2)O)Bb and C3bBb and their regulation by factor H and factor I at specific time points and, with FRET, in real time. In our hands, factor B showed a higher affinity for C3(H(2)O) than for C3b, although in both cases it was readily activated to Bb. However, the convertase activity of C3bBb was approximately twice that of C3(H(2)O)Bb, as monitored by the generation of C3a. But in contrast, the C3(H(2)O)Bb convertase was more resistant to inactivation by factor H and factor I than was the C3bBb convertase. Under conditions that totally inactivated C3bBb, C3(H(2)O)Bb still retained approximately 25% of its initial activity.

  18. Characterization of 3C-SiC Films Grown on 4H- and 6H-SiC Substrate Mesas During Step-Free Surface Heteroepitaxy

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, Philip G.; Powel J. Anthony; Spry, David J.; Trunek, Andrew J.; Huang, Xianrong; Vetter, William M.; Dudley, Michael; Skowronski, Marek; Liu, Jinqiang

    2002-01-01

    This paper reports detailed structural characterization of 3C-SiC heteroepitaxial films grown on 4H- and 6H-SiC mesa surfaces. 3C-SiC heterofilms grown by the "step-free surface heteroepitaxy" process, free of double-positioning boundary (DPB) and stacking-fault (SF) defects, were compared to less-optimized 3C-SiC heterofilms using High Resolution X-ray Diffraction (HRXRD), High Resolution Cross-sectional Transmission Electron Microscopy (HRXTEM), molten potassium hydroxide (KOH) etching, and dry thermal oxidation. The results suggest that step free surface heteroepitaxy enables remarkably benign partial lattice mismatch strain relief during heterofilm growth.

  19. Epidemiologic evidence for a causal relation between vaccination and fibrosarcoma tumorigenesis in cats.

    PubMed

    Kass, P H; Barnes, W G; Spangler, W L; Chomel, B B; Culbertson, M R

    1993-08-01

    Within the past 2 years, a putative causal relationship has been reported between vaccination against rabies and the development of fibrosarcomas at injection sites in cats. A retrospective study was undertaken, involving 345 cats with fibrosarcomas diagnosed between January 1991 and May 1992, to assess the causal hypothesis. Cats with fibrosarcomas developing at body locations where vaccines are typically administered (n = 185) were compared with controls (n = 160) having fibrosarcomas at locations not typically used for vaccination. In cats receiving FeLV vaccination within 2 years of tumorigenesis, the time between vaccination and tumor development was significantly (P = 0.005) shorter for tumors developing at sites where vaccines are typically administered than for tumors at other sites. Univariate analysis, adjusted for age, revealed associations between FeLV vaccination (odds ratio [OR] = 2.82; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.54 to 5.15), rabies vaccination at the cervical/interscapular region (OR = 2.09; 95% CI = 1.01 to 4.31), and rabies vaccination at the femoral region (OR = 1.83; 95% CI = 0.65 to 5.10) with fibrosarcoma development at the vaccination site within 1 year of vaccination. Multivariate analysis, adjusted for age and other vaccines, also revealed increased risks after FeLV (OR = 5.49; 95% CI = 1.98 to 15.24) and rabies (OR = 1.99; 95% CI = 0.72 to 5.54) vaccination.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  20. Mercury-Bridged Cobaltacarborane Complexes Containing B-Hg-B Three-Center Bonds. Synthesis and Structure of mu, mu’-((n5-C5R5)Co(CH3)2C2B3H4)Hg, mu-(n(5)-C5R5)Co(CH3)2C2B3H4)HgCl, (R=H, CH3) and Related Compounds.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-11-01

    MERCURY-BRIDGED COBALTACARBORANE COMPLEXES CONTAINING B-HG-B TH--ETC(U) NOV 80 D C FINSTER . R N GRIMES N0 0 0 1 4-75-0305 UNCLASSXFIED TR󈧨 NL ILn...C5R5) Co 3)2C2B3 4 2 5 .- -C5R5 )Co(CH3)2C2B3H4 ]HgCl, (R=H, CH3 ) and Related Compounds, David C./ Finster -- Russell N./Grimes ( Department of Chemistry...Compounds 1 \\David C. Finster And Russell N. Grimes* Abstract. Reactions of the nid~p-cobaltacarborane anions 01CR )(C 3 )C BH and [n (H 1oC ihH~5n 5

  1. Synthetic and Spectroscopic Studies on N-(i,j-Disubstituted Phenyl)-4- Substituted Benzenesulphonamides, 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(i,j-X2C6H3), where X' = H, CH3, C2H5, F, Cl or Br; i, j = 2, 3; 2, 4; 2, 5; 2, 6 or 3, 4; and X = CH3 or Cl

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shetty, Mahesha; Gowda, B. Thimme

    2005-02-01

    Fifty four N-(i,j-disubstituted phenyl)-4-substituted benzenesulphonamides of the general formula 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(i,j-X2C6H3), where X' = H, CH3, C2H5, F, Cl or Br; i,j = 2,3; 2,4; 2,5; 2,6 or 3, 4; and X = CH3 or Cl, are prepared and characterized and their infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectra in solution are studied. The N-H stretching vibrations νN-H absorb in the range 3305 - 3205 cm-1, while the asymmetric and symmetric SO2 vibrations vary in the ranges 1377 - 1307 cm-1 and 1184 - 1128 cm-1, respectively. The N-(i,j-disubstituted phenyl)-4-substituted benzenesulphonamides show C-S, S-N and C-N stretching vibrations in the ranges 844 - 800 cm-1, 945 - 891 cm-1 and 1309 - 1170 cm-1, respectively. The compounds do not exhibit particular trends in the variation of these frequencies on substitution either at ortho or meta positions with either a methyl group or Cl. The observed 1H and 13C chemical shifts of are assigned to protons and carbon atoms of the two benzene rings. Incremental shifts of the ring protons and carbon atoms due to -SO2NH(i,j-X2C6H3) groups in C6H5SO2NH(i,j-X2C6H3) and 4-X'C6H4SO2NH- groups in 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(C6H*) are computed and employed to calculate the chemical shifts of the ring protons and carbon atoms in the substituted compounds 4-X'C6H4SO2NH(i,j-X2C6H3). The different methods of calculation lead to almost the same values in most cases and agree well with the observed chemical shifts, indicating the validity of the principle of additivity of the substituent effects with chemical shifts in these compounds.

  2. Selective sp3 C-H alkylation via polarity-match-based cross-coupling.

    PubMed

    Le, Chip; Liang, Yufan; Evans, Ryan W; Li, Ximing; MacMillan, David W C

    2017-07-06

    The functionalization of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds is one of the most attractive strategies for molecular construction in organic chemistry. The hydrogen atom is considered to be an ideal coupling handle, owing to its relative abundance in organic molecules and its availability for functionalization at almost any stage in a synthetic sequence. Although many C-H functionalization reactions involve C(sp 3 )-C(sp 2 ) coupling, there is a growing demand for C-H alkylation reactions, wherein sp 3 C-H bonds are replaced with sp 3 C-alkyl groups. Here we describe a polarity-match-based selective sp 3 C-H alkylation via the combination of photoredox, nickel and hydrogen-atom transfer catalysis. This methodology simultaneously uses three catalytic cycles to achieve hydridic C-H bond abstraction (enabled by polarity matching), alkyl halide oxidative addition, and reductive elimination to enable alkyl-alkyl fragment coupling. The sp 3 C-H alkylation is highly selective for the α-C-H of amines, ethers and sulphides, which are commonly found in pharmaceutically relevant architectures. This cross-coupling protocol should enable broad synthetic applications in de novo synthesis and late-stage functionalization chemistry.

  3. Selective sp3 C-H alkylation via polarity-match-based cross-coupling

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Le, Chip; Liang, Yufan; Evans, Ryan W.; Li, Ximing; MacMillan, David W. C.

    2017-07-01

    The functionalization of carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds is one of the most attractive strategies for molecular construction in organic chemistry. The hydrogen atom is considered to be an ideal coupling handle, owing to its relative abundance in organic molecules and its availability for functionalization at almost any stage in a synthetic sequence. Although many C-H functionalization reactions involve C(sp3)-C(sp2) coupling, there is a growing demand for C-H alkylation reactions, wherein sp3 C-H bonds are replaced with sp3 C-alkyl groups. Here we describe a polarity-match-based selective sp3 C-H alkylation via the combination of photoredox, nickel and hydrogen-atom transfer catalysis. This methodology simultaneously uses three catalytic cycles to achieve hydridic C-H bond abstraction (enabled by polarity matching), alkyl halide oxidative addition, and reductive elimination to enable alkyl-alkyl fragment coupling. The sp3 C-H alkylation is highly selective for the α-C-H of amines, ethers and sulphides, which are commonly found in pharmaceutically relevant architectures. This cross-coupling protocol should enable broad synthetic applications in de novo synthesis and late-stage functionalization chemistry.

  4. Zinc-induced Self-association of Complement C3b and Factor H

    PubMed Central

    Nan, Ruodan; Tetchner, Stuart; Rodriguez, Elizabeth; Pao, Po-Jung; Gor, Jayesh; Lengyel, Imre; Perkins, Stephen J.

    2013-01-01

    The sub-retinal pigment epithelial deposits that are a hallmark of age-related macular degeneration contain both C3b and millimolar levels of zinc. C3 is the central protein of complement, whereas C3u is formed by the spontaneous hydrolysis of the thioester bridge in C3. During activation, C3 is cleaved to form active C3b, then C3b is inactivated by Factor I and Factor H to form the C3c and C3d fragments. The interaction of zinc with C3 was quantified using analytical ultracentrifugation and x-ray scattering. C3, C3u, and C3b associated strongly in >100 μm zinc, whereas C3c and C3d showed weak association. With zinc, C3 forms soluble oligomers, whereas C3u and C3b precipitate. We conclude that the C3, C3u, and C3b association with zinc depended on the relative positions of C3d and C3c in each protein. Computational predictions showed that putative weak zinc binding sites with different capacities exist in all five proteins, in agreement with experiments. Factor H forms large oligomers in >10 μm zinc. In contrast to C3b or Factor H alone, the solubility of the central C3b-Factor H complex was much reduced at 60 μm zinc and even more so at >100 μm zinc. The removal of the C3b-Factor H complex by zinc explains the reduced C3u/C3b inactivation rates by zinc. Zinc-induced precipitation may contribute to the initial development of sub-retinal pigment epithelial deposits in the retina as well as reducing the progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration in higher risk patients. PMID:23661701

  5. High-resolution spectroscopy of Saturn at 3 microns: CH 4, CH 3D, C 2H 2, C 2H 6, PH 3, clouds, and haze

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Joo Hyeon; Kim, Sang J.; Geballe, Thomas R.; Kim, Sungsoo S.; Brown, Linda R.

    2006-12-01

    We report observation and analysis of a high-resolution 2.87-3.54 μm spectrum of the southern temperate region of Saturn obtained with NIRSPEC at Keck II. The spectrum reveals absorption and emission lines of five molecular species as well as spectral features of haze particles. The ν+ν band of CH 3D is detected in absorption between 2.87 and 2.92 μm; and we derived from it a mixing ratio approximately consistent with the Infrared Space Observatory result. The ν band of C 2H 2 also is detected in absorption between 2.95 and 3.05 μm; analysis indicates a sudden drop in the C 2H 2 mixing ratio at 15 mbar (130 km above the 1 bar level), probably due to condensation in the low stratosphere. The presence of the ν+ν+ν band of C 2H 6 near 3.07 μm, first reported by Bjoraker et al. [Bjoraker, G.L., Larson, H.P., Fink, U., 1981. Astrophys. J. 248, 856-862], is confirmed, and a C 2H 6 condensation altitude of 10 mbar (140 km) in the low stratosphere is determined. We assign weak emission lines within the 3.3 μm band of CH 4 to the ν band of C 2H 6, and derive a mixing ratio of 9±4×10 for this species. Most of the C 2H 6 3.3 μm line emission arises in the altitude range 460-620 km (at ˜μbar pressure levels), much higher than the 160-370 km range where the 12 μm thermal molecular line emission of this species arises. At 2.87-2.90 μm the major absorber is tropospheric PH 3. The cloud level determined here and at 3.22-3.54 is 390-460 mbar (˜30 km), somewhat higher than found by Kim and Geballe [Kim, S.J., Geballe, T.R., 2005. Icarus 179, 449-458] from analysis of a low resolution spectrum. A broad absorption feature at 2.96 μm, which might be due to NH 3 ice particles in saturnian clouds, is also present. The effect of a haze layer at about 125 km (˜12 mbar level) on the 3.20-3.54 μm spectrum, which was not apparent in the low resolution spectrum, is clearly evident in the high resolution data, and the spectral properties of the haze particles suggest that

  6. The composition of Saturn's atmosphere at northern temperate latitudes from Voyager IRIS spectra - NH3, PH3, C2H2, C2H6, CH3D, CH4, and the Saturnian D/H isotopic ratio

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Courtin, R.; Gautier, D.; Marten, A.; Bezard, B.; Hanel, R.

    1984-01-01

    The vertical distributions and mixing ratios of minor constituents in the northern hemisphere of Saturn are investigated. Results are obtained for NH3, PH3, C2H2, C2H6, CH3D, and CH4; the D/H ratio is obtained from the CH4 and CH3D abundances. The NH3 mixing ratio in the upper atmosphere is found to be compatible with the saturated partial pressure. The inferred PH3/H2 ratio of 1.4 + or - 0.8 x 10 to the -6th is higher than the value derived from the solar P/H ratio. The stratospheric C2H2/H2 and C2H6/H2 ratios are, respectively, 2.1 + or - 1.4 x 10 to the -7th and 3.0 + or - 1.1 x 10 to the -6th; the latter decreases sharply below the 20-50 mbar level. The results for CH3D/H2 and CH4/H2 imply an enrichment of Saturn's upper atmosphere in carbon by a factor of at least three over the solar abundance. The interpretation of two NH3 lines in the five-micron window suggests a NH3/H2 ratio at the two bar level below the solar value.

  7. MORPHOLOGICAL TRANSFORMATION AND DNA ADDUCT FORMATION BY BENZ[J]ACEANTHRYLENE AND ITS METABOLITES IN C3H1OT1/2CL8 CELLS: EVIDENCE FOR BOTH CYCLOPENTA-RING AND BAY REGION METABOLIC ACTIVATION PATHWAYS

    EPA Science Inventory

    Benz[j]aceanthrylene (B[j]A), a cyclopenta-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (CP-PAH) related to 3-methylcholanthrene, has been studied to identify the major routes of metabolic activation in transformable C3H1OT1/2CLB (C3H1OT1/2) mouse embryo fibroblasts in culture. he morph...

  8. Instability of the insertional mutation in CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu cystic fibrosis mouse model

    PubMed Central

    Charizopoulou, Nikoletta; Jansen, Silke; Dorsch, Martina; Stanke, Frauke; Dorin, Julia R; Hedrich, Hans-Jürgen; Tümmler, Burkhard

    2004-01-01

    Background A major boost to the cystic fibrosis disease research was given by the generation of various mouse models using gene targeting in embryonal stem cells. Moreover, the introduction of the same mutation on different inbred strains generating congenic strains facilitated the search for modifier genes. From the original CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu CF mouse model we have generated using strict brother × sister mating two inbred CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu mouse lines (CF/1 and CF/3). Thereafter, the insertional mutation was introgressed from CF/3 into three inbred backgrounds (C57BL/6, BALB/c, DBA/2J) generating congenic animals. In every backcross cycle germline transmission of the insertional mutation was monitored by direct probing the insertion via Southern RFLP. In order to bypass this time consuming procedure we devised an alternative PCR based protocol whereby mouse strains are differentiated at the Cftr locus by Cftr intragenic microsatellite genotypes that are tightly linked to the disrupted locus. Results Using this method we were able to identify animals carrying the insertional mutation based upon the differential haplotypic backgrounds of the three inbred strains and the mutant CftrTgH(neoim)Hgu at the Cftr locus. Moreover, this method facilitated the identification of the precise vector excision from the disrupted Cftr locus in two out of 57 typed animals. This reversion to wild type status took place without any loss of sequence revealing the instability of insertional mutations during the production of congenic animals. Conclusions We present intragenic microsatellite markers as a tool for fast and efficient identification of the introgressed locus of interest in the recipient strain during congenic animal breeding. Moreover, the same genotyping method allowed the identification of a vector excision event, posing questions on the stability of insertional mutations in mice. PMID:15102331

  9. Spectroscopic characterization of C7H3(+) and C7H3˙: electronic absorption and fluorescence in 6 K neon matrices.

    PubMed

    Chakraborty, Arghya; Fulara, Jan; Dietsche, Rainer; Maier, John P

    2014-04-21

    Mass selective deposition of C7H3(+) (m/z = 87) into solid neon reveals the 1(1)A1←X(1)A1 electronic absorption system of hepta-1,2,3,4,5,6-heptahexaenylium cation B(+) [H2CCCCCCCH](+) with an origin band at 441.3 nm, 1(1)A'←X(1)A' transition of 2,4-pentadiynylium,1-ethynyl cation C(+) [HCCCHCCCCH](+) starting at 414.6 nm and the 1(1)A1←X(1)A1 one of cyclopropenylium,1,3-butadiynyl cation A(+) [HCCCCC<(CH=CH)](+) with an onset at 322.2 nm. Vibrationally resolved fluorescence was observed for isomer B(+) upon laser excitation of the absorption bands in the 1(1)A1←X(1)A1 transition. After neutralization of the cations in the matrix five absorption systems of the C7H3 neutral radicals starting at 530.3, 479.4, 482.3, 325.0 and 302.5 nm were detected. These were identified as the 1(2)A'←X(2)A' and 2(2)A'←X(2)A' electronic transitions of 2-(buta-1,3-diynyl)cycloprop-2yl-1-1ylidene E˙ [HCCCCC<(C=CH2)]˙, 1(2)B1←X(2)B1 of 1,2,3,4,5,6-heptahexaenyl B˙ [H2CCCCCCCH]˙, 3(2)B1←X(2)B1 of 3-buta-1,3-diynyl-cyclopropenyl A˙ [HCCCCC<(CH=CH)]˙ and 2(2)B1←X(2)A2 transition of 1,2-divinylidene-cyclopropanyl radical F˙ [HCC-cyc-(CCHC)-CCH]˙, respectively. The assignment is based on calculated vertical excitation energies using the CASPT2 method. Comparison of the calculated harmonic vibrational frequencies with those inferred from the spectra supports the assignment.

  10. Near triploidy in a feline fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Mayr, B; Eschborn, U; Kalat, M

    1991-10-01

    A seven-year-old male cat developed a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. The numerical cytogenetic evaluation of the tumour revealed the presence of 69.2% of cells in the near-triploid chromosome range between 51 and 64. The copy numbers of the different chromosomes were widely distributed from monosomies up to heptasomies. Two giant chromosomes were regularly present.

  11. Uptake, metabolism and excretion of orally and intravenously administered, 14C- and 3H-labeled N-acetylneuraminic acid mixture in the mouse and rat.

    PubMed

    Nöhle, U; Schauer, R

    1981-11-01

    N-Acetyl-D-[2-14C,9-3H]neuraminic acid, enzymically prepared from sodium [2-14C]-pyruvate and N-acetyl-D-[6-3H]mannosamine by N-acetylneuraminate lyase in 75% yield, was orally administered to 20 day old fasted mice. 90% of the administered neuraminic acid was absorbed from the intestine in the course of 4 h, at a rate depending on the retention time of neuraminic acid in the intestine and the mental conditions of the animals. Between 60 and 90% of the neuraminic acid was excreted in the urine without chemical alteration within the first 6 h. Four hours after administration 10% of the 3H- and 1.3% of the 14C-radioactivity were recovered in the whole blood and in liver, spleen, kidney and brain. After 3 days 0.5% of 3H- and 0.01% of 14C-radioactivity still remained in these tissues. The discrepancy of the 14C-amount relative to the 3H-quantity was accounted for by exhaled 14CO2. After intravenous injection of N-acetylneuraminic acid into rats, 90% of the radioactivity corresponding to the original substance was excreted in the urine within 10 min. Four hours after administration only 5% of the applied 3H- and 1.2% of the 14C-radioactivity were left in the blood and in liver, spleen, kidney and brain. The experiments show that neither orally nor intravenously applied N-acetylneuraminic acid can penetrate cell membranes to a large extent, with the exception of the intestine. The isotopic ratio and N-acetylneuraminate lyase activity suggest that the small amount of the neuraminic acid retained in tissues was largely cleaved by the lyase, followed by metabolism of the reaction products. It may be concluded from these observations that neuraminic acid occurring in food cannot directly be used for the biosynthesis of glycoconjugates on a large scale.

  12. Effect of alpha-tocopherol on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in fibrosarcoma bearing rats.

    PubMed

    Vasavi, H; Thangaraju, M; Sachdanandam, P

    1994-02-23

    The anticarcinogenic activity of alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E) was tried in fibrosarcoma induced rats through its antioxidative potential. The rate of formation of malondialdehyde (MDA), the end product of lipid peroxidation was analysed in alpha-tocopherol (400 mg/kg body weight) treated and untreated fibrosarcoma bearing rats with respective controls. The levels of non-enzymic antioxidants like, glutathione and vitamin E, and enzymic antioxidants viz., catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) were assayed as well. Significantly increased (p < 0.001) level of lipid peroxide was observed with concomitant decreases in the level of enzymic and non-enzymic antioxidants in fibrosarcoma bearing rats when compared with control animals. In alpha-tocopherol supplemented animals, the corrected level of these parameters were observed likely to near normal values. Thus, alpha-tocopherol can be accepted to pose first line of defense mechanism against excessively formed reactive species due to impaired antioxidant systems in fibrosarcoma conditions, that cause membrane damage leading to deleterious effects.

  13. Development of Alopecia Areata Is Associated with Higher Central and Peripheral Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Tone in the Skin Graft Induced C3H/HeJ Mouse Model

    PubMed Central

    Zhang, Xingqi; Yu, Mei; Yu, Wayne; Weinberg, Joanne; Shapiro, Jerry; McElwee, Kevin J.

    2016-01-01

    The relationship of the stress response to the pathogenesis of alopecia areata (AA) was investigated by subjecting normal and skin graft-induced, AA-affected C3H/HeJ mice to light ether anesthesia or restraint stress. Plasma corticosterone (CORT), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and estradiol (E2) levels were determined by RIA, whereas gene expression in brains, lymphoid organs, and skin was measured by quantitative RT-PCR for corticotropin-releasing hormone (Crh), arginine vasopressin (Avp), proopiomelanocortin (Pomc), glucocorticoid receptor (Nr3c1), mineralo corticoid receptor (Nr3c2), corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor types 1 and 2 (Crhr1, Crhr2), interleukin-12 (Il12), tumor necrosis factor-α (Tnfα), and estrogen receptors type-1 (Esr1) and type-2 (Esr2). AA mice had a marked increase in hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) tone and activity centrally, and peripherally in the skin and lymph nodes. There was also altered interaction between the adrenal and gonadal axes compared with that in normal mice. Stress further exacerbated changes in AA mouse HPA activity both centrally and peripherally. AA mice had significantly blunted CORT and ACTH responses to acute ether stress (physiological stressor) and a deficit in habituation to repeated restraint stress (psychological stressor). The positive correlation of HPA hormone levels with skin Th1 cytokines suggests that altered HPA activity may occur as a consequence of the immune response associated with AA. PMID:19020552

  14. VizieR Online Data Catalog: Gas-phase detection of c-C3H3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhao, D.; Doney, K. D.; Linnartz, H.

    2017-03-01

    The experimental setup has been described in detail by Zhao et al. (2013CPL...565..132Z, 2014JMoSp.296....1Z). In brief, the c-C3H3+ cations are generated by discharging a propyne (C3H4):He ~ 1:200 gas mixture in a multi-layer slit discharge nozzle (Motylewski & Linnartz 1999RScI...70.1305M) in combination with a pulsed valve (General Valve, Series 9,2 mm orifice). The gas mixture is expanded with a backing pressure of ~7 bar through a 300umx3cm slit into a vacuum chamber. A pulsed negative high voltage (-600 V/300 mA) with a ~600 us duration is found to be optimum for c-C3H3+ production, is applied to the expanding gas mixture, and is set to coincide with the expanding gas pulse (~800 us). Continuous-wave cavity ring-down spectroscopy (cw-CRDS) is used to record spectra in direct absorption. The axis of the optical cavity is aligned parallel to and ~2 mm downstream of the slit nozzle throat. A single-mode cw optical parametric oscillator (Aculight), operating at ~3.15 um with a bandwidth <5x10-5cm-1, is employed as tunable IR light source. A hardware-based (boxcar integrator) multi-trigger and timing scheme recently reported by Zhao et al. (2013CPL...565..132Z) is used to apply cw-CRDS to the pulsed plasma. In the present experiment, typical ring-down time values are ~8-10 us, corresponding to a detection sensitivity, i.e., noise equivalent absorption, of up to ~2x10-7 per centimeter for the 3 cm long plasma jet. (1 data file).

  15. Growth and Characterization of 3C-SiC and 2H-AIN/GaN Films and Devices Produced on Step-Free 4H-SiC Mesa Substrates

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, P. G.; Du, H.; Skowronski, M.; Spry, D. J.; Trunek, A. J.

    2007-01-01

    While previously published experimental results have shown that the step-free (0 0 0 1) 4H-SiC mesa growth surface uniquely enables radical improvement of 3C-SiC and 2H-AlN/GaN heteroepitaxial film quality (greater than 100-fold reduction in extended defect densities), important aspects of the step-free mesa heterofilm growth processes and resulting electronic device benefits remain to be more fully elucidated. This paper reviews and updates recent ongoing studies of 3C-SiC and 2H-AlN/GaN heteroepilayers grown on top of 4H-SiC mesas. For both 3C-SiC and AlN/GaN films nucleated on 4H-SiC mesas rendered completely free of atomic-scale surface steps, TEM studies reveal that relaxation of heterofilm strain arising from in-plane film/substrate lattice constant mismatch occurs in a remarkably benign manner that avoids formation of threading dislocations in the heteroepilayer. In particular, relaxation appears to occur via nucleation and inward lateral glide of near-interfacial dislocation half-loops from the mesa sidewalls. Preliminary studies of homojunction diodes implemented in 3C-SiC and AlN/GaN heterolayers demonstrate improved electrical performance compared with much more defective heterofilms grown on neighbouring stepped 4H-SiC mesas. Recombination-enhanced dislocation motion known to degrade forward-biased 4H-SiC bipolar diodes has been completely absent from our initial studies of 3C-SiC diodes, including diodes implemented on defective 3C-SiC heterolayers grown on stepped 4H-SiC mesas.

  16. 8,9-DIHYDROXY-8,9-DIHYDRODIBENZO[A,L]PYRENE IS A POTENT MORPHOLOGICAL CELL-TRANSFORMING AGENT IN C3H10T1/2C18 MOUSE EMBRYO FIBROBLASTS IN THE ABSENCE OF DETECTABLE STABLE COVALENT DNA ADDUCTS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The comparative genotoxic effects of racemic trans-8,9dihydroxy-8,9-dihydrodibenzo[a,l]pyrene (trans- DB[a,l]P8,9-diol), the metabolic K-region dihydrodiol of dibenzo[a,l] pyrene (DB[a,l]P) (dibenzo[def,p]chrysene) and DB[a,l]P in transformable mouse embryo C3HIOT1/2C18 (C3HIOT1/...

  17. H3.1 K36M mutation in a congenital-onset soft tissue neoplasm.

    PubMed

    Kernohan, Kristin D; Grynspan, David; Ramphal, Raveena; Bareke, Eric; Wang, You Chang; Nizalik, Elizabeth; Ragoussis, Jiannis; Jabado, Nada; Boycott, Kym M; Majewski, Jacek; Sawyer, Sarah L

    2017-12-01

    We describe a patient who presented with a congenital soft tissue lesion initially diagnosed as infantile fibromatosis at 15 days of age. Unusually, the mass demonstrated malignant progression leading to death at 20 months of age. Biological progression to malignancy is not known to occur in fibromatosis, and fibrosarcoma is not known to progress from a benign lesion. Whole-exome sequencing of the tumor identified a driver mutation in histone H3.1 at lysine (K)36. Our findings support the link between oncohistones and infantile soft tissue tumors and provide additional evidence for the oncogenic effects of p.K36M in H3 variants. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

  18. Subthreshold parallel pumping experiments on the quasi one-dimensional S = {1}/{2} ferromagnets [C 6H 11NH 3]CuBr 3 and [C 6H 11NH 3]CuCl 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hoogerbeets, R.; Wiegers, S. A. J.; Van Duyneveldt, A. J.

    1985-04-01

    Subthreshold parallel pumping experiments on [C 6H 11NH 3]CuBr 3 (abbreviated as CHAB) and [C 6H 11NH 3]CuCl 3 (CHAC) at 9.6 and 18.3 GHz are reported. It is shown that the experimental results can be explained using the values of the parameters as have been obtained from previously reported FMR measurements.

  19. Isolation and characterization of a cDNA clone for the complete protein coding region of the delta subunit of the mouse acetylcholine receptor.

    PubMed Central

    LaPolla, R J; Mayne, K M; Davidson, N

    1984-01-01

    A mouse cDNA clone has been isolated that contains the complete coding region of a protein highly homologous to the delta subunit of the Torpedo acetylcholine receptor (AcChoR). The cDNA library was constructed in the vector lambda 10 from membrane-associated poly(A)+ RNA from BC3H-1 mouse cells. Surprisingly, the delta clone was selected by hybridization with cDNA encoding the gamma subunit of the Torpedo AcChoR. The nucleotide sequence of the mouse cDNA clone contains an open reading frame of 520 amino acids. This amino acid sequence exhibits 59% and 50% sequence homology to the Torpedo AcChoR delta and gamma subunits, respectively. However, the mouse nucleotide sequence has several stretches of high homology with the Torpedo gamma subunit cDNA, but not with delta. The mouse protein has the same general structural features as do the Torpedo subunits. It is encoded by a 3.3-kilobase mRNA. There is probably only one, but at most two, chromosomal genes coding for this or closely related sequences. Images PMID:6096870

  20. Suggestion for search of cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) in a cosmic object

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sharma, M. K.; Sharma, M.; Chandra, S.

    2017-03-01

    Following Minimum Energy Principle, out of the three isomers of chemical formula C3H2O, the cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) is the most stable and therefore may be the most abundant and easily detectable in a cosmic object. The cyclopropenone is detected in Sgr B2(N). Owing to half-spin of each of two hydrogen atoms, the c-C3H2O has two distinct ortho and para species. Using the rotational and centrifugal distortion constants along with the electric dipole moment, we have calculated energies of 100 rotational levels of each of the ortho and para species of c-C3H2O and the Einstein A-coefficients for radiative transitions between the levels. The values of Einstein A-coefficients along with the scaled values for collisional rate coefficients are used for solving a set of statistical equilibrium equations coupled with the equations of radiative transfer. Brightness temperatures of seven rotational transitions of each of the ortho and para species of c-C3H2O are investigated. Out of fourteen transitions, seven are found to show anomalous absorption and rest seven are found to show emission feature. We find that the transitions 110 -111 (1.544 GHz) may play important role in identification of cyclopropenone in a cosmic object.

  1. [Surgical and chemotherapeutic treatment of fibrosarcoma in a cat].

    PubMed

    Odendaal, J S; Cronje, J D; Bastianello, S S

    1983-09-01

    Fibrosarcoma in a cat was repeatedly treated unsuccessfully by surgery and chemotherapy, which included drugs such as amethopterin sodium at very high dosages, vincristine sulphate and doxyrubicine hydrochloride.

  2. Searching for cellular partners of hantaviral nonstructural protein NSs: Y2H screening of mouse cDNA library and analysis of cellular interactome.

    PubMed

    Rönnberg, Tuomas; Jääskeläinen, Kirsi; Blot, Guillaume; Parviainen, Ville; Vaheri, Antti; Renkonen, Risto; Bouloy, Michele; Plyusnin, Alexander

    2012-01-01

    Hantaviruses (Bunyaviridae) are negative-strand RNA viruses with a tripartite genome. The small (S) segment encodes the nucleocapsid protein and, in some hantaviruses, also the nonstructural protein (NSs). The aim of this study was to find potential cellular partners for the hantaviral NSs protein. Toward this aim, yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening of mouse cDNA library was performed followed by a search for potential NSs protein counterparts via analyzing a cellular interactome. The resulting interaction network was shown to form logical, clustered structures. Furthermore, several potential binding partners for the NSs protein, for instance ACBD3, were identified and, to prove the principle, interaction between NSs and ACBD3 proteins was demonstrated biochemically.

  3. Dynamics of the C/H and C/F exchanges in the reaction of 3P carbon atoms with vinyl fluoride

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lee, Shih-Huang; Chen, Wei-Kan; Chin, Chih-Hao; Huang, Wen-Jian

    2013-08-01

    Two product channels C3H2F + H and C3H3 + F were identified in the reaction of C(3P) atoms with vinyl fluoride (C2H3F) at collision energy 3.7 kcal mol-1 in a crossed molecular-beam apparatus using selective photoionization. Time-of-flight (TOF) spectra of products C3H2F and C3H3 were measured at 12-16 laboratory angles as well as a TOF spectrum of atomic F, a counter part of C3H3, was recorded at single laboratory angle. From the best simulation of product TOF spectra, translational-energy distributions at seven scattering angles and a nearly isotropic (forward and backward peaked) angular distribution were derivable for exit channel C3H2F + H (C3H3 + F) that has average kinetic-energy release of 14.5 (4.9) kcal mol-1. Products C3H2F + H and C3H3 + F were estimated to have a branching ratio of ˜53:47. Furthermore, TOF spectra and photoionization spectra of products C3H2F and C3H3 were measured at laboratory angle 62° with photoionization energy ranging from 7 eV to 11.6 eV. The appearance of TOF spectra is insensitive to photon energy, implying that only single species overwhelmingly contributes to products C3H2F and C3H3. HCCCHF (H2CCCH) was identified as the dominant species based on the measured ionization threshold of 8.3 ± 0.2 (8.6 ± 0.2) eV and the maximal translational-energy release. The C/H and C/F exchange mechanisms are stated.

  4. A Search for Interstellar Oxiranecarbonitrile (C3H3NO)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Dicken, J. E.; Irvine, W. M.; Ohishi, M.; Arrhenius, G.; Bauder, A.; Mueller, F.; Eschenmoser, A.

    1996-01-01

    We report a search in cold, quiescent and in 'hot core' type interstellar molecular clouds for the small cyclic molecule oxiranecarbonitrile (C3H3NO), which has been suggested as a precursor of important prebiotic molecules. We have determined upper limits to the column density and fractional abundance for the observed sources and find that, typically, the fractional abundance by number relative to molecular hydrogen Of C3H3NO is less than a few times 10(exp -10). This limit is one to two orders of magnitude less than the measured abundance of such similarly complex species as CH3CH2CN and HCOOCH3 in well-studied hot cores. A number of astrochemical discoveries were made, including the first detection of the species CH3CH2CN in the massive star-forming clouds G34.3+0.2 and W51M and the first astronomical detections of some eight rotational transitions of CH3CH2CN, CH3CCH, and HCOOCH3. In addition, we found 8 emission lines in the 89 GHz region and 18 in the 102 GHz region which we were unable to assign.

  5. Endocardial fibrosarcoma in a reticulated python (Python reticularis).

    PubMed

    Gumber, Sanjeev; Nevarez, Javier G; Cho, Doo-Youn

    2010-11-01

    A female, reticulated python (Python reticularis) of unknown age was presented with a history of lethargy, weakness, and distended coelom. Physical examination revealed severe dystocia and stomatitis. The reticulated python was euthanized due to a poor clinical prognosis. Postmortem examination revealed marked distention of the reproductive tract with 26 eggs (10-12 cm in diameter), pericardial effusion, and a slightly firm, pale tan mass (3-4 cm in diameter) adhered to the endocardium at the base of aorta. Based on histopathologic and transmission electron microscopic findings, the diagnosis of endocardial fibrosarcoma was made.

  6. Histone H3.3 maintains genome integrity during mammalian development

    PubMed Central

    Jang, Chuan-Wei; Shibata, Yoichiro; Starmer, Joshua; Yee, Della; Magnuson, Terry

    2015-01-01

    Histone H3.3 is a highly conserved histone H3 replacement variant in metazoans and has been implicated in many important biological processes, including cell differentiation and reprogramming. Germline and somatic mutations in H3.3 genomic incorporation pathway components or in H3.3 encoding genes have been associated with human congenital diseases and cancers, respectively. However, the role of H3.3 in mammalian development remains unclear. To address this question, we generated H3.3-null mouse models through classical genetic approaches. We found that H3.3 plays an essential role in mouse development. Complete depletion of H3.3 leads to developmental retardation and early embryonic lethality. At the cellular level, H3.3 loss triggers cell cycle suppression and cell death. Surprisingly, H3.3 depletion does not dramatically disrupt gene regulation in the developing embryo. Instead, H3.3 depletion causes dysfunction of heterochromatin structures at telomeres, centromeres, and pericentromeric regions of chromosomes, leading to mitotic defects. The resulting karyotypical abnormalities and DNA damage lead to p53 pathway activation. In summary, our results reveal that an important function of H3.3 is to support chromosomal heterochromatic structures, thus maintaining genome integrity during mammalian development. PMID:26159997

  7. Rate Coefficients of C2H with C2H4, C2H6, and H2 from 150 to 359 K

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Opansky, Brian J.; Leone, Stephen R.

    1996-01-01

    Rate coefficients for the reactions C2H with C2H4, C2H6, and H2 are measured over the temperature range 150-359 K using transient infrared laser absorption spectroscopy. The ethynyl radical is formed by photolysis of C2H2 with a pulsed excimer laser at 193 nm, and its transient absorption is monitored with a color center laser on the Q(sub 11)(9) line of the A(sup 2) Pi-Chi(sup 2) Sigma transition at 3593.68 cm(exp -1). Over the experimental temperature range 150-359 K the rate constants of C2H with C2H4, C2H6, and H2 can be fitted to the Arrhenius expressions k(sub C2H4) = (7.8 +/- 0.6) x 10(exp -11) exp[(134 +/- 44)/T], k(sub C2H6) = (3.5 +/- 0.3) x 10(exp -11) exp[(2.9 +/- 16)/T], and k(sub H2) = (1.2 +/- 0.3) x 10(exp -11) exp[(-998 +/- 57)]/T cm(exp 3) molecule(exp -1) sec(exp -1). The data for C2H with C2H4 and C2H6 indicate a negligible activation energy to product formation shown by the mild negative temperature dependence of both reactions. When the H2 data are plotted together with the most recent high-temperature results from 295 to 854 K, a slight curvature is observed. The H2 data can be fit to the non-Arrhenius form k(sub H2) = 9.2 x 10(exp -18) T(sup 2.17 +/- 0.50) exp[(-478 +/- 165)/T] cm(exp 3) molecules(exp -1) sec(exp -1). The curvature in the Arrhenius plot is discussed in terms of both quantum mechanical tunneling of the H atom from H2 to the C2H radical and bending mode contributions to the partition function.

  8. The Ethanolic Extracts The Gorgonian Isis hippuris Inhibited the Induced Mammary Carcinoma Growth In C3H Mice

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Trianto, Agus; Andriyas, Yogi; Ridlo, Ali; Sedjati, Sri; Susilaningsih, Neni; Murwani, Retno

    2018-02-01

    The gorgonian Isis hippuris contains secondary metabolites gorgosterol and hippuristanol which are capable of inhibiting cancer cells. However, in vivo test of the gorgonian Isis hippuris extract as the anticancer drug has not been conducted. The research to study of the effect of ethanolic extract of the gorgonian on the induced tumor growth in C3H mice. The I. hippuris was obtained from Karimunjawa water in Jepara. The extract was prepared by maceration using ethanol. A total 20, 8-10 moths old of C3H mice with an initial weight of 20-25 gram were assigned into control, Ih-1, Ih-2, and Ih-3 groups. Control, Ih-1, Ih-2, and Ih-3 groups each received 0, 0.15, 1.5, and 15 mg extract per mouse per day respectively for two weeks. Cancer cells were introduced to all groups from a donor cancer mouse by injection via left or right axilla and allowed to grow. The cancer mass was removed and processed for histological examination, and cancer growth was determined according to Elston and Ellis criteria. The result showed that histological grade of cancer mass from the control group was in grade 2 or differentiated moderately. The histological grade of cancer mass from Ih-1, Ih-2, and Ih-3 groups were in grade 1 (low grade) or similar to a normal cell. Statistical analysis by Kruskal-Wallis test showed a significant difference (p<0,05) between control and treated mice. Mann-Whitney test found no significant differences among Ih-1, Ih-2, and Ih-3 treated mice. The results indicated the potential of active substances in the ethanol extract of I. hippuris as an anti-cancer drug.

  9. Infantile fibrosarcoma of ethmoid sinus, misdiagnosed as an adenoid in a 5-year-old child

    PubMed Central

    Geramizadeh, Bita; Khademi, Bijan; Karimi, Mehran; Shekarkhar, Golsa

    2015-01-01

    Infantile fibrosarcoma of head and neck is rare and the presence of this tumor in ethmoid sinus is even more uncommon. To the best of our knowledge, <5 cases have been reported in the last 20 years in the English literature, so far, only one of which has been infantile type in a 15 months old girl. In this case report, we will explain our experience with a rare case of infantile fibrosarcoma originating from ethmoid sinus in a 5-year-old boy who presented with dyspnea and epistaxis. After biopsy, it was diagnosed as fibrosarcoma of sinus origin. PMID:26604519

  10. A Progressive Translational Mouse Model of Human VCP Disease: The VCP R155H/+ Mouse

    PubMed Central

    Nalbandian, Angèle; Llewellyn, Katrina J.; Badadani, Mallikarjun; Yin, Hong Z.; Nguyen, Christopher; Katheria, Veeral; Watts, Giles; Mukherjee, Jogeshwar; Vesa, Jouni; Caiozzo, Vincent; Mozaffar, Tahseen; Weiss, John H.; Kimonis, Virginia E.

    2012-01-01

    Introduction Mutations in the valosin containing protein (VCP) gene cause hereditary Inclusion Body Myopathy (hIBM) associated with Paget disease of bone (PDB), and frontotemporal dementia (FTD). More recently they have been linked to 2% of familial ALS cases. A knock-in mouse model offers the opportunity to study VCP-associated pathogenesis. Methods The VCPR155H/+ knock-in mouse model was assessed for muscle strength, immunohistochemical, Western, apoptosis, autophagy and MicroPET/CT imaging analyses. Results VCPR155H/+ mice developed significant progressive muscle weakness, and the quadriceps and brain developed progressive cytoplasmic accumulation of TDP-43, ubiquitin-positive inclusion bodies and increased LC3-II staining. MicroCT analyses revealed Paget-like lesions at the ends of long bones. Spinal cord demonstrated neurodegenerative changes, ubiquitin, and TDP-43 pathology of motor neurons. Discussion VCPR155H/+ knock-in mice represent an excellent pre-clinical model for understanding VCP-associated disease mechanisms and future treatments. PMID:23169451

  11. H3K27me3 forms BLOCs over silent genes and intergenic regions and specifies a histone banding pattern on a mouse autosomal chromosome

    PubMed Central

    Pauler, Florian M.; Sloane, Mathew A.; Huang, Ru; Regha, Kakkad; Koerner, Martha V.; Tamir, Ido; Sommer, Andreas; Aszodi, Andras; Jenuwein, Thomas; Barlow, Denise P.

    2009-01-01

    In mammals, genome-wide chromatin maps and immunofluorescence studies show that broad domains of repressive histone modifications are present on pericentromeric and telomeric repeats and on the inactive X chromosome. However, only a few autosomal loci such as silent Hox gene clusters have been shown to lie in broad domains of repressive histone modifications. Here we present a ChIP-chip analysis of the repressive H3K27me3 histone modification along chr 17 in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells using an algorithm named broad local enrichments (BLOCs), which allows the identification of broad regions of histone modifications. Our results, confirmed by BLOC analysis of a whole genome ChIP-seq data set, show that the majority of H3K27me3 modifications form BLOCs rather than focal peaks. H3K27me3 BLOCs modify silent genes of all types, plus flanking intergenic regions and their distribution indicates a negative correlation between H3K27me3 and transcription. However, we also found that some nontranscribed gene-poor regions lack H3K27me3. We therefore performed a low-resolution analysis of whole mouse chr 17, which revealed that H3K27me3 is enriched in mega-base-pair-sized domains that are also enriched for genes, short interspersed elements (SINEs) and active histone modifications. These genic H3K27me3 domains alternate with similar-sized gene-poor domains. These are deficient in active histone modifications, as well as H3K27me3, but are enriched for long interspersed elements (LINEs) and long-terminal repeat (LTR) transposons and H3K9me3 and H4K20me3. Thus, an autosome can be seen to contain alternating chromatin bands that predominantly separate genes from one retrotransposon class, which could offer unique domains for the specific regulation of genes or the silencing of autonomous retrotransposons. PMID:19047520

  12. Bilateral subcutaneous fibrosarcomas in a cat following feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus vaccination.

    PubMed

    De Man, Marc M G; Ducatelle, Richard V

    2007-10-01

    A crossbred cat developed a subcutaneous fibrosarcoma on the left side of the thorax at the site of previous administration of a feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus vaccine. A few months later the cat developed a second mass on the right side of the thorax after a booster vaccine had been administered at this site. This unique case of bilateral fibrosarcomas in a cat shortly after vaccination with parvo-, herpes- and caliciviruses suggests an individual disposition for the development of vaccine-associated sarcomas and a possible triggering of this type of pathological response which could have precipitated the development of the second tumour. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first case of vaccine-induced fibrosarcomas occurring bilaterally after injection of a feline parvo-, herpes- and calicivirus containing vaccine at different sides of the thorax.

  13. Spin-forbidden and spin-allowed cyclopropenone (c-H{sub 2}C{sub 3}O) formation in interstellar medium

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ahmadvand, Seyedsaeid; Zaari, Ryan R.; Varganov, Sergey A., E-mail: svarganov@unr.edu

    2014-11-10

    Three proposed mechanisms of cyclopropenone (c-H{sub 2}C{sub 3}O) formation from neutral species are studied using high-level electronic structure methods in combination with nonadiabatic transition state and collision theories to deduce the likelihood of each reaction mechanism under interstellar conditions. The spin-forbidden reaction involving the singlet electronic state of cyclopenylidene (c-C{sub 3}H{sub 2}) and the triplet state of atomic oxygen is studied using nonadiabatic transition state theory to predict the rate constant for c-H{sub 2}C{sub 3}O formation. The spin-allowed reactions of c-C{sub 3}H{sub 2} with molecular oxygen and acetylene with carbon monoxide were also investigated. The reaction involving the ground electronicmore » states of acetylene and carbon monoxide has a very large reaction barrier and is unlikely to contribute to c-H{sub 2}C{sub 3}O formation in interstellar medium. The spin-forbidden reaction of c-C{sub 3}H{sub 2} with atomic oxygen, despite the high probability of nonadiabatic transition between the triplet and singlet states, was found to have a very small rate constant due to the presence of a small (3.8 kcal mol{sup –1}) reaction barrier. In contrast, the spin-allowed reaction between c-C{sub 3}H{sub 2} and molecular oxygen is found to be barrierless, and therefore can be an important path to the formation of c-H{sub 2}C{sub 3}O molecule in interstellar environment.« less

  14. Isolated oxygen defects in 3C- and 4H-SiC: A theoretical study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gali, A.; Heringer, D.; Deák, P.; Hajnal, Z.; Frauenheim, Th.; Devaty, R. P.; Choyke, W. J.

    2002-09-01

    Ab initio calculations in the local-density approximation have been carried out in SiC to determine the possible configurations of the isolated oxygen impurity. Equilibrium geometry and occupation levels were calculated. Substitutional oxygen in 3C-SiC is a relatively shallow effective mass like double donor on the carbon site (OC) and a hyperdeep double donor on the Si site (OSi). In 4H-SiC OC is still a double donor but with a more localized electron state. In 3C-SiC OC is substantially more stable under any condition than OSi or interstitial oxygen (Oi). In 4H-SiC OC is also the most stable one except for heavy n-type doping. We propose that OC is at the core of the electrically active oxygen-related defect family found by deep level transient spectroscopy in 4H-SiC. The consequences of the site preference of oxygen on the SiC/SiO2 interface are discussed.

  15. Synthesis of polycyclic molecules by double C(sp2)-H/C(sp3)-H arylations with a single palladium catalyst.

    PubMed

    Pierre, Cathleen; Baudoin, Olivier

    2011-04-01

    Polycyclic molecules were obtained in good yields by double C(sp(2))-H/C(sp(3))-H arylations mediated by a single palladium/phosphine catalyst. Both double intermolecular/intramolecular and intramolecular/intramolecular C-C couplings were performed successfully, which indicates that this concept has a broad applicability for the rapid construction of molecular complexity.

  16. Rate coefficients for the reactions of C2(a(3)Pi(u)) and C2(X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) with various hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H8): a gas-phase experimental study over the temperature range 24-300 K.

    PubMed

    Páramo, Alejandra; Canosa, André; Le Picard, Sébastien D; Sims, Ian R

    2008-10-02

    The kinetics of reactions of C2(a(3)Pi(u)) and C2(X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) with various hydrocarbons (CH4, C2H2, C2H4, C2H6, and C3H8) have been studied in a uniform supersonic flow expansion over the temperature range 24-300 K. Rate coefficients have been obtained by using the pulsed laser photolysis-laser induced fluorescence technique, where both radicals were produced at the same time but detected separately. The reactivity of the triplet state was found to be significantly lower than that of the singlet ground state for all reactants over the whole temperature range of the study. Whereas C2(X(1)Sigma(g)(+)) reacts with a rate coefficient close to the gas kinetic limit with all hydrocarbons studied apart from CH4, C2(a(3)Pi(u)) appears to be more sensitive to the molecular and electronic structure of the reactant partners. The latter reacts at least one order of magnitude faster with unsaturated hydrocarbons than with alkanes, and the rate coefficients increase very significantly with the size of the alkane. Results are briefly discussed in terms of their potential astrophysical impact.

  17. The Dynamics and Regulatory Mechanism of Pronuclear H3k9me2 Asymmetry in Mouse Zygotes

    PubMed Central

    Ma, Xue-Shan; Chao, Shi-Bin; Huang, Xian-Ju; Lin, Fei; Qin, Ling; Wang, Xu-Guang; Meng, Tie-Gang; Zhu, Cheng-Cheng; Schatten, Heide; Liu, Hong-Lin; Sun, Qing-Yuan

    2015-01-01

    H3K9 methylation is an important histone modification that is correlated with gene transcription repression. The asymmetric H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) pattern between paternal and maternal genomes is generated soon after fertilization. In the present study, we carefully determined the dynamics of H3K9me2 changes in mouse zygotes, and investigated the regulatory mechanisms. The results indicated that histone methyltransferase G9a, but not GLP, was involved in the regulation of asymmetric H3K9me2, and G9a was the methyltransferase that induced the appearance of H3K9me2 in the male pronucleus of the zygote treated with cycloheximide. We found that there were two distinct mechanisms that regulate H3K9me2 in the male pronucleus. Before 8 h of in vitro fertilization (IVF), a mechanism exists that inhibits the association of G9a with the H3K9 sites. After 10 h of IVF the inhibition of G9a activity depends on yet unknown novel protein(s) synthesis. The two mechanisms of transfer take place between 8–10 h of IVF, and the novel protein failed to inhibit G9a activity in time, resulting in the appearance of a low level de novo H3K9me2 in the male pronucleus. PMID:26639638

  18. Synergistic effect of aged garlic extract and naltrexone on improving immune responses to experimentally induced fibrosarcoma tumor in BALB/c mice

    PubMed Central

    Ebrahimpour, Soheil; Tabari, Mohaddeseh Abouhosseini; Youssefi, Mohammad Reza; Aghajanzadeh, Hamid; Behzadi, Manijeh Yousefi

    2013-01-01

    Background: Garlic, a medicinal plant, and Naltrexone (NTX), an opioid receptor antagonist, both have immunomodulatory and antitumor effects. Current study was designed to evaluate synergistic antitumor effects of aged garlic extract (AGE) and NTX. Materials and Methods: WEHI-164 fibrosarcoma cells were implanted subcutaneously on day 0 into right flank of 80 BALB/c mice at age of 8 weeks. Mice were randomly categorized in four separate groups: The first group received AGE (100 mg/kg, i.p.), the second group received NTX (0.5 mg/kg, i.p.), the third group received both of them, and the fourth group received phosphate buffered saline as control group. Treatments were administered three times per week. Tumor growth was measured and morbidity was recorded. Subpopulations of CD4+/CD8+ T cells were determined using flowcytometery. WEHI-164 cell specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes and in vitro production of interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) cytokines were measured. All statistical analyses were conducted with SPSS 16 software and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant. Results: The mice who received AGE+NTX had significantly longer survival time compared with the mice treated with AGE or NTX alone. An enhanced inhibitory effect on tumor growth was seen in combination therapy group. The CD4+/CD8+ ratio and in vitro IFN-γ production of splenocytes were significantly increased in AGE+NTX and NTX groups. WEHI-164 specific cytotoxicity of splenocytes was also significantly increased at 25:1 E:T ratio in AGE+NTX treated mice. Coadministration of AGE with NTX resulted in improvement of immune responses against experimentally implanted fibrosarcoma tumors in BALB/c mice. Conclusions: AGE showed synergistic effects with NTX on inhibition of tumor growth and increment of survival times. PMID:23901215

  19. Collisions of slow polyatomic ions with surfaces: dissociation and chemical reactions of C2H2+*, C2H3+, C2H4+*, C2H5+, and their deuterated variants C2D2+* and C2D4+* on room-temperature and heated carbon surfaces.

    PubMed

    Jasík, Juraj; Zabka, Jan; Feketeova, Linda; Ipolyi, Imre; Märk, Tilmann D; Herman, Zdenek

    2005-11-17

    Interaction of C2Hn+ (n = 2-5) hydrocarbon ions and some of their isotopic variants with room-temperature and heated (600 degrees C) highly oriented pyrolytic graphite (HOPG) surfaces was investigated over the range of incident energies 11-46 eV and an incident angle of 60 degrees with respect to the surface normal. The work is an extension of our earlier research on surface interactions of CHn+ (n = 3-5) ions. Mass spectra, translational energy distributions, and angular distributions of product ions were measured. Collisions with the HOPG surface heated to 600 degrees C showed only partial or substantial dissociation of the projectile ions; translational energy distributions of the product ions peaked at about 50% of the incident energy. Interactions with the HOPG surface at room temperature showed both surface-induced dissociation of the projectiles and, in the case of radical cation projectiles C2H2+* and C2H4+*, chemical reactions with the hydrocarbons on the surface. These reactions were (i) H-atom transfer to the projectile, formation of protonated projectiles, and their subsequent fragmentation and (ii) formation of a carbon chain build-up product in reactions of the projectile ion with a terminal CH3-group of the surface hydrocarbons and subsequent fragmentation of the product ion to C3H3+. The product ions were formed in inelastic collisions in which the translational energy of the surface-excited projectile peaked at about 32% of the incident energy. Angular distributions of reaction products showed peaking at subspecular angles close to 68 degrees (heated surfaces) and 72 degrees (room-temperature surfaces). The absolute survival probability at the incident angle of 60 degrees was about 0.1% for C2H2+*, close to 1% for C2H4+* and C2H5+, and about 3-6% for C2H3+.

  20. Ab Initio Reaction Kinetics of CH 3 O$$\\dot{C}$$(=O) and $$\\dot{C}$$H 2 OC(=O)H Radicals

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Tan, Ting; Yang, Xueliang; Ju, Yiguang

    The dissociation and isomerization kinetics of the methyl ester combustion intermediates methoxycarbonyl radical (CH3Omore » $$\\dot{C}$$(=O)) and (formyloxy)methyl radical ($$\\dot{C}$$H2OC(=O)H) are investigated theoretically using high-level ab initio methods and Rice–Ramsperger–Kassel–Marcus (RRKM)/master equation (ME) theory. Geometries obtained at the hybrid density functional theory (DFT) and coupled cluster singles and doubles with perturbative triples correction (CCSD(T)) levels of theory are found to be similar. We employ high-level ab initio wave function methods to refine the potential energy surface: CCSD(T), multireference singles and doubles configuration interaction (MRSDCI) with the Davidson–Silver (DS) correction, and multireference averaged coupled-pair functional (MRACPF2) theory. MRSDCI+DS and MRACPF2 capture the multiconfigurational character of transition states (TSs) and predict lower barrier heights than CCSD(T). The temperature- and pressure-dependent rate coefficients are computed using RRKM/ME theory in the temperature range 300–2500 K and a pressure range of 0.01 atm to the high-pressure limit, which are then fitted to modified Arrhenius expressions. Dissociation of CH3O$$\\dot{C}$$(=O) to $$\\dot{C}$$H3 and CO2 is predicted to be much faster than dissociating to CH3$$\\dot{O}$$ and CO, consistent with its greater exothermicity. Isomerization between CH3O$$\\dot{C}$$(=O) and $$\\dot{C}$$H2OC(=O)H is predicted to be the slowest among the studied reactions and rarely happens even at high temperature and high pressure, suggesting the decomposition pathways of the two radicals are not strongly coupled. The predicted rate coefficients and branching fractions at finite pressures differ significantly from the corresponding high-pressure-limit results, especially at relatively high temperatures. Finally, because it is one of the most important CH3$$\\dot{O}$$ removal mechanisms under atmospheric conditions, the reaction kinetics of

  1. Sc2C2@D3h(14246)-C74: A Missing Piece of the Clusterfullerene Puzzle.

    PubMed

    Wang, Yaofeng; Tang, Qiangqiang; Feng, Lai; Chen, Ning

    2017-02-20

    Clusterfullerenes with variable carbon cages have been extensively studied in recent years. However, despite all these efforts, C 74 cage-based clusterfullerene remains a missing piece of the puzzle. Herein, we show that single-crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis unambiguously assigns the previously reported dimetallofullerene Sc 2 @C 76 to a novel carbide clusterfullerene, Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 , the first experimentally proven clusterfullerene with a C 74 cage. In addition, Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 was charaterized by mass spectrometry, ultraviolet-visible-near-infrared absorption spectroscopy, 45 Sc nuclear magnetic resonance, and cyclic voltammetry. Comparative studies of the motion of the carbide cluster in Sc 2 C 2 @D 3h (14246)-C 74 and Sc 2 C 2 @C 2n (n = 40-44) revealed that a combination of factors, involving both the shape and size of the cage, is crucial in dictating the cluster motion. Moreover, structural studies of D 3h (14246)-C 74 revealed that it can be easily converted to C s (10528)-C 72 and T d (19151)-C 76 cages via C 2 desertion/insertion and Stone-Wales transformation. This suggests that D 3h (14246)-C 74 might play an important role in the growth pathway of clusterfullerenes.

  2. Felix Spectroscopy of Likely Astronomical Molecular Ions: HC_3O^+, C_2H_3CNH^+, and C_2H_5CNH^+

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Thorwirth, Sven; Asvany, Oskar; Brünken, Sandra; Jusko, Pavol; Schlemmer, Stephan; Martin-Drumel, Marie-Aline; McCarthy, Michael C.

    2017-06-01

    Infrared signatures of three molecular ions of relevance to the interstellar medium and planetary atmospheres have been detected at the Free Electron Laser for Infrared eXperiments, FELIX, at Radboud University (Nijmegen, The Netherlands) in combination with the 4K FELion 22-pole ion trap facility. Mid-infrared vibrational modes of protonated tricarbon monoxide, HC_3O^+, protonated vinyl cyanide, C_2H_3CNH^+, and protonated ethyl cyanide, C_2H_5CNH^+, were detected using resonant photodissociation of the respective Ne-complexes by monitoring the depletion of their cluster mass signal as a function of wavenumber. The infrared fingerprints compare very favorably with results from high-level quantum-chemical calculations performed at the CCSD(T) level of theory.

  3. INHIBITION OF INDUCED DIFFERENTIATION OF C3H/1OT 1/2 CLONE 8 MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS BY TUMOR PROMOTERS

    EPA Science Inventory

    C3H/10T 1/2 cells were induced to differentiate into muscle cells by treatment with 5-azacytidine, and the effects of tumor promoters, nonpromoters, and inhibitors of tumor promotion on this induced differentiation were investigated. Cell morphology was dramatically changed withi...

  4. Localization of complement factor H gene expression and protein distribution in the mouse outer retina

    PubMed Central

    Smit-McBride, Zeljka; Oltjen, Sharon L.; Radu, Roxana A.; Estep, Jason; Nguyen, Anthony T.; Gong, Qizhi

    2015-01-01

    Purpose To determine the localization of complement factor H (Cfh) mRNA and its protein in the mouse outer retina. Methods Quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) was used to determine the expression of Cfh and Cfh-related (Cfhr) transcripts in the RPE/choroid. In situ hybridization (ISH) was performed using the novel RNAscope 2.0 FFPE assay to localize the expression of Cfh mRNA in the mouse outer retina. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to localize Cfh protein expression, and western blots were used to characterize CFH antibodies used for IHC. Results Cfh and Cfhr2 transcripts were detected in the mouse RPE/choroid using qPCR, while Cfhr1, Cfhr3, and Cfhrc (Gm4788) were not detected. ISH showed abundant Cfh mRNA in the RPE of all mouse strains (C57BL/6, BALB/c, 129/Sv) tested, with the exception of the Cfh−/− eye. Surprisingly, the Cfh protein was detected by immunohistochemistry in photoreceptors rather than in RPE cells. The specificity of the CFH antibodies was tested by western blotting. Our CFH antibodies recognized purified mouse Cfh protein, serum Cfh protein in wild-type C57BL/6, BALB/c, and 129/Sv, and showed an absence of the Cfh protein in the serum of Cfh−/− mice. Greatly reduced Cfh protein immunohistological signals in the Cfh−/− eyes also supported the specificity of the Cfh protein distribution results. Conclusions Only Cfh and Cfhr2 genes are expressed in the mouse outer retina. Only Cfh mRNA was detected in the RPE, but no protein. We hypothesize that the steady-state concentration of Cfh protein is low in the cells due to secretion, and therefore is below the detection level for IHC. PMID:25684976

  5. Arsenic activates the expression of 3β-HSD in mouse Leydig cells through repression of histone H3K9 methylation.

    PubMed

    Alamdar, Ambreen; Xi, Guochen; Huang, Qingyu; Tian, Meiping; Eqani, Syed Ali Musstjab Akber Shah; Shen, Heqing

    2017-07-01

    Arsenic exposure has been associated with male reproductive dysfunction by disrupting steroidogenesis; however, the roles of epigenetic drivers, especially histone methylation in arsenic-induced steroidogenic toxicity remain not well documented. In this study, we investigated the role of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation in steroidogenesis disturbance in mouse Leydig cells (MLTC-1) due to arsenic exposure. Our results indicated that mRNA and protein expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were both significantly up-regulated while the rest of key genes involved in steroidogenesis were down-regulated. Moreover, arsenic exposure significantly decreased the histone H3K9 di- and tri-methylation (H3K9me2/3) levels in MLTC-1 cells. Since H3K9 demethylation leads to gene activation, we further investigated whether the induction of 3β-HSD expression was ascribed to reduced H3K9 methylation. The results showed that H3K9me2/3 demethylase (JMJD2A) inhibitor, quercetin (Que) significantly attenuated the decrease of H3K9me2/3 and increase of 3β-HSD expression induced by arsenic. To further elucidate the mechanism for the activation of 3β-HSD, we determined the histone H3K9 methylation levels in Hsd3b gene promoter, which also showed significant decrease of H3K9me2/3 in the investigated region after arsenic exposure. Considering these results, we conclude that arsenic exposure induced 3β-HSD up-regulation by suppressing H3K9me2/3 status, which is suggested as a compensatory mechanism for steroidogenic disturbance in MLTC-1 cells. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  6. Theoretical microwave spectral constants for C2N, C2N/+/, and C3H

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Green, S.

    1980-01-01

    Theoretical microwave spectral constants have been computed for C2N, C3H, and C2N(+). For C2N these are compared with values obtained from optical data. Calculated hyperfine constants are also presented for HNC, DNC, and HCNH(+). The possibility of observing these species in dense interstellar clouds is discussed.

  7. Adaptation of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus in experimental mouse models.

    PubMed

    Prokopyeva, E A; Sobolev, I A; Prokopyev, M V; Shestopalov, A M

    2016-04-01

    In the present study, three mouse-adapted variants of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus were obtained by lung-to-lung passages of BALB/c, C57BL/6z and CD1 mice. The significantly increased virulence and pathogenicity of all of the mouse-adapted variants induced 100% mortality in the adapted mice. Genetic analysis indicated that the increased virulence of all of the mouse-adapted variants reflected the incremental acquisition of several mutations in PB2, PB1, HA, NP, NA, and NS2 proteins. Identical amino acid substitutions were also detected in all of the mouse-adapted variants of A(H1N1)pdm09 virus, including PB2 (K251R), PB1 (V652A), NP (I353V), NA (I106V, N248D) and NS1 (G159E). Apparently, influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus easily adapted to the host after serial passages in the lungs, inducing 100% lethality in the last experimental group. However, cross-challenge revealed that not all adapted variants are pathogenic for different laboratory mice. Such important results should be considered when using the influenza mice model. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  8. The interstellar chemistry of H2C3O isomers

    PubMed Central

    Loison, Jean-Christophe; Agúndez, Marcelino; Marcelino, Núria; Wakelam, Valentine; Hickson, Kevin M.; Cernicharo, José; Gerin, Maryvonne; Roueff, Evelyne; Guélin, Michel

    2016-01-01

    We present the detection of two H2C3O isomers, propynal and cyclopropenone, toward various starless cores and molecular clouds, together with upper limits for the third isomer propadienone. We review the processes controlling the abundances of H2C3O isomers in interstellar media showing that the reactions involved are gas-phase ones. We show that the abundances of these species are controlled by kinetic rather than thermodynamic effects. PMID:27013768

  9. Magnetic behavior of the ferromagnetic quantum chain systems (C6H11NH3)CuCl3 (CHAC) and (C6H11NH3)CuBr3 (CHAB)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kopinga, A.; Tinus, A. M. C.; de Jonge, W. J. M.

    1982-04-01

    Heat-capacity measurements on (C6H11NH3)CuBr3 (CHAB) in the region 0.45 < T<55 K are presented. Three-dimensional ordering is observed at Tc=1.50 K. The data are analyzed together with previously reported measurements on (C6H11NH3)CuCl3 (CHAC). Both compounds appear to be very good approximations of a ferromagnetic S=12 Heisenberg linearchain system with Jk~50 K. From the data it is inferred that the intrachain interaction of CHAC contains about 2% uniaxial anisotropy, whereas CHAB contains about 5% easy-plane anisotropy. The results are corroborated by magnetization measurements on CHAB below Tc, which also reveal a metamagnetic transition for H-->∥b (Hc=210Oe). From the value of Hc and the location of the tricitical point the interchain interactions in CHAB were found as zAFJAFk=-0.03 K, zFJFk~0.08 K.

  10. Huaier aqueous extract induces apoptosis of human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cells through the mitochondrial pathway

    PubMed Central

    CUI, YANG; MENG, HONGMEI; LIU, WEIDONG; WANG, HUAN; LIU, QINGPENG

    2015-01-01

    In recent years, aqueous extract of Trametes robiniophila Murr. (Huaier), a traditional Chinese medicine, has been frequently used in China for complementary cancer therapy. However, the mechanisms underlying its anticancer effects have yet to be elucidated. The present study aimed to evaluate the ability of Huaier extract to inhibit proliferation, promote apoptosis and suppress mobility in the fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell line in vitro. The cells were treated with gradient doses of Huaier extract at concentrations of 0, 4, 8 or 16 mg/ml for 24, 48 or 72 h. The cell viability and motility were measured in vitro using MTT, invasive, migration and scratch assays. The distribution of the cell cycle and the extent of cellular apoptosis were analyzed by flow cytometry. The apoptotic pathways were detected using a mitochondrial membrane potential transition assay and western blotting. The results revealed that the cellular viability decreased significantly with increasing concentrations of Huaier extract. In addition, cell invasiveness and migration were also suppressed significantly. It was demonstrated that Huaier extract induced G2 cell-cycle arrest and cellular apoptosis in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, the downregulation of B-cell lymphoma 2 and pro-caspase-3, and upregulation of Bcl-2-associated X protein, cleaved caspase-9 and caspase-3 suggested that Huaier extract induced the apoptosis of HT1080 cells through the mitochondrial pathway. The results of the present study indicate that Huaier extract is a potential complementary agent for the treatment of fibrosarcoma. PMID:25789006

  11. Chromosome rearrangements in canine fibrosarcomas.

    PubMed

    Sargan, D R; Milne, B S; Hernandez, J Aguirre; O'Brien, P C M; Ferguson-Smith, M A; Hoather, T; Dobson, J M

    2005-01-01

    We have previously reported the use of six- and seven-color paint sets in the analysis of canine soft tissue sarcomas. Here we combine this technique with flow sorting of translocation chromosomes, reverse painting, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis of the gene content of the reverse paint in order to provide a more detailed analysis of cytogenetic abnormalities in canine tumors. We examine two fibrosarcomas, both from female Labrador retrievers, and show abnormalities in chromosomes 11 and 30 in both cases. Evidence of involvement of TGFBR1 is presented for one tumor.

  12. In vivo labeling of phencyclidine (PCP) receptors with sup 3 H-TCP in the mouse brain

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Maurice, T.; Vignon, J.

    1990-07-01

    The phencyclidine (PCP) derivative N-(1-(2-thienyl)cyclohexyl)-piperidine (3H-TCP) was used to label in vivo the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-associated ionic channel in the mouse brain. After the injection of a tracer dose of 3H-TCP, a spread labeling throughout the brain was observed, but was the highest in the cerebellum. Preadministration of unlabeled TCP (30 mg/kg) resulted in a 90% reduction of 3H-TCP binding. PCP, TCP, MK-801, dexoxadrol, ketamine, and SKF 10,047 isomers dose-dependently prevented the in vivo 3H-TCP binding. ID50 determined in the cerebrum and the cerebellum were respectively correlated with K0.5 for 3H TCP high (rat cortex) and low affinity (rat cerebellum)more » sites in vitro. The pharmacological specificity of the 3H-TCP binding site in the cerebellum was significantly different from that in the cerebrum. ID50 values were generally higher than in the cerebrum and, particularly, MK-801, the most potent drug in the cerebrum, was without significant effect in the cerebellum, at any time and at doses as high as 30 mg/kg. N-(1-(2-benzo(b) thiophenyl)cyclohexyl)piperidine (BTCP), desipramine, and atropine showed a more efficient prevention of 3H-TCP binding in the cerebellum than in the cerebrum. The prevention of the binding by TCP or PCP, at doses close to their ID50 values, was rapid and then decreased slowly. The effect of MK-801 was long-lasting. This study confirm previous in vitro studies: 3H-TCP is an efficient tool for the labeling of the NMDA receptor-associated ionic channel.« less

  13. Arsenic activates the expression of 3β-HSD in mouse Leydig cells through repression of histone H3K9 methylation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Alamdar, Ambreen; Xi, Guochen

    Arsenic exposure has been associated with male reproductive dysfunction by disrupting steroidogenesis; however, the roles of epigenetic drivers, especially histone methylation in arsenic-induced steroidogenic toxicity remain not well documented. In this study, we investigated the role of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9) methylation in steroidogenesis disturbance in mouse Leydig cells (MLTC-1) due to arsenic exposure. Our results indicated that mRNA and protein expression levels of 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (3β-HSD) were both significantly up-regulated while the rest of key genes involved in steroidogenesis were down-regulated. Moreover, arsenic exposure significantly decreased the histone H3K9 di- and tri-methylation (H3K9me2/3) levels in MLTC-1 cells. Sincemore » H3K9 demethylation leads to gene activation, we further investigated whether the induction of 3β-HSD expression was ascribed to reduced H3K9 methylation. The results showed that H3K9me2/3 demethylase (JMJD2A) inhibitor, quercetin (Que) significantly attenuated the decrease of H3K9me2/3 and increase of 3β-HSD expression induced by arsenic. To further elucidate the mechanism for the activation of 3β-HSD, we determined the histone H3K9 methylation levels in Hsd3b gene promoter, which also showed significant decrease of H3K9me2/3 in the investigated region after arsenic exposure. Considering these results, we conclude that arsenic exposure induced 3β-HSD up-regulation by suppressing H3K9me2/3 status, which is suggested as a compensatory mechanism for steroidogenic disturbance in MLTC-1 cells. - Highlights: • Epigenetic mechanisms of arsenic-induced male reproductive toxicity remain unclear. • Arsenic disturbs the expression of key steroidogenic genes in MLTC-1 cells. • Histone H3K9 di- and tri-methylation was suppressed in arsenic-exposed cells. • Arsenic activates 3β-HSD expression through repression of histone H3K9 methylation.« less

  14. Thermoelectric properties of the 3C, 2H, 4H, and 6H polytypes of the wide-band-gap semiconductors SiC, GaN, and ZnO

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Huang, Zheng; Lü, Tie-Yu; Wang, Hui-Qiong

    We have investigated the thermoelectric properties of the 3C, 2H, 4H, and 6H polytypes of the wide-band-gap(n-type) semiconductors SiC, GaN, and ZnO based on first-principles calculations and Boltzmann transport theory. Our results show that the thermoelectric performance increases from 3C to 6H, 4H, and 2H structures with an increase of hexagonality for SiC. However, for GaN and ZnO, their power factors show a very weak dependence on the polytype. Detailed analysis of the thermoelectric properties with respect to temperature and carrier concentration of 4H-SiC, 2H-GaN, and 2H-ZnO shows that the figure of merit of these three compounds increases with temperature,more » indicating the promising potential applications of these thermoelectric materials at high temperature. The significant difference of the polytype-dependent thermoelectric properties among SiC, GaN, and ZnO might be related to the competition between covalency and ionicity in these semiconductors. Our calculations may provide a new way to enhance the thermoelectric properties of wide-band-gap semiconductors through atomic structure design, especially hexagonality design for SiC.« less

  15. Histone H3K9 Demethylase JMJD2B Activates Adipogenesis by Regulating H3K9 Methylation on PPARγ and C/EBPα during Adipogenesis

    PubMed Central

    Jang, Min-Kyung; Kim, Ji-Hyun; Jung, Myeong Ho

    2017-01-01

    Previous studies have shown that tri- or di-methylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9me3/me2) on the promoter of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ) and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) contribute to the repression of PPARγ and C/EBPα and inhibition of adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. The balance of histone methylation is regulated by histone methyltransferases and demethylases. However, it is poorly understood which demethylases are responsible for removing H3K9me3/me2 on the promoter of PPARγ and C/EBPα. JMJD2B is a H3K9me3/me2 demethylase that was previously shown to activate adipogenesis by promoting mitotic clonal expansion. Nevertheless, it remains unclear whether JMJD2B plays a role in the regulation of adipogenesis by removing H3K9me3/me2 on the promoter of PPARγ and C/EBPα and subsequently activating PPARγ and C/EBPα expression. Here, we showed that JMJD2B decreased H3K9me3/me2 on the promoter of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which in turn stimulated the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα. JMJD2B knockdown using siRNA in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes repressed the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, resulting in inhibition of adipogenesis. This was accompanied by increased enrichment of H3K9me3/me2 on the promoter of PPARγ and C/EBPα. In contrast, overexpression of JMJD2B increased the expression of PPARγ and C/EBPα, which was accompanied by decreased enrichment of H3K9me3/me2 on the promoter and activated adipogenesis. Together, these results indicate that JMJD2B regulates PPARγ and C/EBPα during adipogenesis. PMID:28060835

  16. Enantioselective C(sp3)‒H bond activation by chiral transition metal catalysts.

    PubMed

    Saint-Denis, Tyler G; Zhu, Ru-Yi; Chen, Gang; Wu, Qing-Feng; Yu, Jin-Quan

    2018-02-16

    Organic molecules are rich in carbon-hydrogen bonds; consequently, the transformation of C-H bonds to new functionalities (such as C-C, C-N, and C-O bonds) has garnered much attention by the synthetic chemistry community. The utility of C-H activation in organic synthesis, however, cannot be fully realized until chemists achieve stereocontrol in the modification of C-H bonds. This Review highlights recent efforts to enantioselectively functionalize C(sp 3 )-H bonds via transition metal catalysis, with an emphasis on key principles for both the development of chiral ligand scaffolds that can accelerate metalation of C(sp 3 )-H bonds and stereomodels for asymmetric metalation of prochiral C-H bonds by these catalysts. Copyright © 2018 The Authors, some rights reserved; exclusive licensee American Association for the Advancement of Science. No claim to original U.S. Government Works.

  17. Structure of a gene encoding a murine thymus leukemia antigen, and organization of Tla genes in the BALB/c mouse

    PubMed Central

    1985-01-01

    We have determined the DNA sequence of a gene encoding a thymus leukemia (TL) antigen in the BALB/c mouse, and have more definitively mapped the cloned BALB/c Tla-region class I gene clusters. Analysis of the sequence shows that the Tla gene is less closely related to the H-2 genes than H-2 genes are to one another or to a Qa-2,3-region genes. The Tla gene, 17.3A, contains an apparent gene conversion. Comparison of the BALB/c Tla genes with those from C57BL shows that BALB/c has more Tla-region class I genes, and that one of the genes absent in C57BL is gene 17.3A. PMID:3894562

  18. Electron scattering by the hydrocarbons C4H6,C5H8 , and C6H10

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kiataki, Matheus B.; Pastega, Diego F.; Bettega, Márcio H. F.

    2017-10-01

    We report calculated elastic integral and differential cross sections for electron collisions with the hydrocarbons 1,3-butadiene (C4H6 ), 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene (C5H8 ), and 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (C6H10 ) for impact energies up to 15 eV. Our calculations were performed with the Schwinger Multichannel Method with pseudopotentials, in the static-exchange and static-exchange plus polarization approximations. These molecules differ for the presence of one methyl group, in the case of C5H8 , and two methyl groups, in the case of C6H10 in substitution of one and two hydrogen atoms in C4H6 , respectively (methylation effect). For the polar molecule 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, we included the Born closure procedure in order to account for the long-range potential. We found two π* shape resonances in the integral cross section of each one of the molecules studied. The present results are also compared with the experimental values for the resonances positions and with total cross sections available in the literature. In particular, we show that the minimum in the total cross section of C5H8 located at around 1.6 eV and assigned by the authors as a Ramsauer-Townsend minimum is, actually, a valley between the two π* shape resonances. Also for the C5H8 molecule, the enhancement in the total cross section below 1.6 eV is the tail of the low-lying shape resonance and not an effect due to its permanent dipole moment, as suggested by the authors. We discuss the influence of the methylation effect in the shape and magnitude of the elastic cross sections and also in the location of the π* shape resonances of these hydrocarbons.

  19. a Comparison of the Molecular Structures of C_4H_9OCH_3, C_4H_9SCH_3, C_5H_{11}OCH_3, and C_5H_{11}SCH_3 Using Microwave Spectroscopy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Long, Brittany E.; Betancur, Juan; Choi, Yoon Jeong; Cooke, S. A.; Grubbs, G. S., II; Ogulnick, Jonathan; Holmes, Tara

    2017-06-01

    Pure rotational spectra of the title molecules have been recorded using chirped pulse Fourier transform microwave spectroscopy. Under our experimental conditions only one conformer has been observed for each of the four compounds. These conformers have torsional angles of CXCC = 180^o, XCCC = 60^o, CCCC = 180^o, and, for the C_5H_{11}-X-CH_3 species, CCCC_{Methyl} = 180^o. These angles correspond to anti-gauche-anti conformations for the butyl methyl ether/thioether species, and anti-gauche-anti-anti conformations for the pentyl methyl ether/thioether species. Splittings due to the internal rotation of the X-CH_3 group are observed in both butyl species but are not observed in the pentyl species. The barrier to the X-CH_3 internal rotation has been investigated through spectral analyses and quantum chemical calculations. The differences in the internal rotation barrier between the ethers and thioethers will be discussed and will further be compared to the barriers obtained for similar molecules.

  20. Volume properties and refraction of aqueous solutions of bisadducts of light fullerene C60 and essential amino acids lysine, threonine, and oxyproline (C60(C6H13N2O2)2, C60(C4H8NO3)2, and C60(C5H9NO2)2) at 25°C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Semenov, K. N.; Ivanova, N. M.; Charykov, N. A.; Keskinov, V. A.; Kalacheva, S. S.; Duryagina, N. N.; Garamova, P. V.; Kulenova, N. A.; Nabieva, A.

    2017-02-01

    Concentration dependences of the density of aqueous solutions of bisadducts of light fullerene C60 and essential amino acids are studied by pycnometry. Concentration dependences of the average molar volumes and partial volumes of components (H2O and corresponding bisadducts) are calculated for C60(C6H13N2O2)2-H2O, C60(C4H8NO3)2-H2O, and C60(C5H9NO2)2-H2O binary systems at 25°C. Concentration dependences of the indices of refraction of C60(C6H13N2O2)2-H2O, C60(C4H8NO3)2-H2O, and C60(C5H9NO2)2-H2O binary systems are determined at 25°C. The concentration dependences of specific refraction and molar refraction of bisadducts and aqueous solutions of them are calculated.

  1. Catalyst-Dependent Chemoselective Formal Insertion of Diazo Compounds into C-C or C-H Bonds of 1,3-Dicarbonyl Compounds.

    PubMed

    Liu, Zhaohong; Sivaguru, Paramasivam; Zanoni, Giuseppe; Anderson, Edward A; Bi, Xihe

    2018-05-08

    A catalyst-dependent chemoselective one-carbon insertion of diazo compounds into the C-C or C-H bonds of 1,3-dicarbonyl species is reported. In the presence of silver(I) triflate, diazo insertion into the C(=O)-C bond of the 1,3-dicarbonyl substrate leads to a 1,4-dicarbonyl product containing an all-carbon α-quaternary center. This reaction constitutes the first example of an insertion of diazo-derived carbenoids into acyclic C-C bonds. When instead scandium(III) triflate was applied as the catalyst, the reaction pathway switched to formal C-H insertion, affording 2-alkylated 1,3-dicarbonyl products. Different reaction pathways are proposed to account for this powerful catalyst-dependent chemoselectivity. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  2. Carbon Dioxide-Mediated C(sp3)-H Arylation of Amine Substrates.

    PubMed

    Kapoor, Mohit; Liu, Daniel; Young, Michael C

    2018-05-25

    Elaborating amines via C-H functionalization has been an important area of research over the past decade but has generally relied on an added directing group or sterically hindered amine approach. Since free-amine-directed C(sp 3 )-H activation is still primarily limited to cyclization reactions and to improve the sustainability and reaction scope of amine-based C-H activation, we present a strategy using CO 2 in the form of dry ice that facilitates intermolecular C-H arylation. This methodology has been used to enable an operationally simple procedure whereby 1° and 2° aliphatic amines can be arylated selectively at their γ-C-H positions. In addition to potentially serving as a directing group, CO 2 has also been demonstrated to curtail the oxidation of sensitive amine substrates.

  3. A mouse model for a partially inactive obesity-associated human MC3R variant

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Bonggi; Koo, Jashin; Yun Jun, Joo; Gavrilova, Oksana; Lee, Yongjun; Seo, Arnold Y.; Taylor-Douglas, Dezmond C.; Adler-Wailes, Diane C.; Chen, Faye; Gardner, Ryan; Koutzoumis, Dimitri; Sherafat Kazemzadeh, Roya; Roberson, Robin B.; Yanovski, Jack A.

    2016-01-01

    We previously reported children homozygous for two MC3R sequence variants (C17A+G241A) have greater fat mass than controls. Here we show, using homozygous knock-in mouse models in which we replace murine Mc3r with wild-type human (MC3RhWT/hWT) and double-mutant (C17A+G241A) human (MC3RhDM/hDM) MC3R, that MC3RhDM/hDM have greater weight and fat mass, increased energy intake and feeding efficiency, but reduced length and fat-free mass compared with MC3RhWT/hWT. MC3RhDM/hDM mice do not have increased adipose tissue inflammatory cell infiltration or greater expression of inflammatory markers despite their greater fat mass. Serum adiponectin levels are increased in MC3RhDM/hDM mice and MC3RhDM/hDM human subjects. MC3RhDM/hDM bone- and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) differentiate into adipocytes that accumulate more triglyceride than MC3RhWT/hWT MSCs. MC3RhDM/hDM impacts nutrient partitioning to generate increased adipose tissue that appears metabolically healthy. These data confirm the importance of MC3R signalling in human metabolism and suggest a previously-unrecognized role for the MC3R in adipose tissue development. PMID:26818770

  4. Epitaxy of boron phosphide on AlN, 4H-SiC, 3C-SiC and ZrB2 substrates

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Padavala, Balabalaji

    The semiconductor boron phosphide (BP) has many outstanding features making it attractive for developing various electronic devices, including neutron detectors. In order to improve the efficiency of these devices, BP must have high crystal quality along with the best possible electrical properties. This research is focused on growing high quality crystalline BP films on a variety of superior substrates like AlN, 4H-SiC, 3C-SiC and ZrB2 by chemical vapor deposition. In particular, the influence of various parameters such as temperature, reactant flow rates, and substrate type and its crystalline orientation on the properties of BP films were studied in detail. Twin-free BP films were produced by depositing on off-axis 4H-SiC(0001) substrate tilted 4° toward [11¯00] and crystal symmetry matched zincblende 3C-SiC. BP crystalline quality improved at higher deposition temperature (1200°C) when deposited on AlN, 4H-SiC, whereas increased strain in 3C-SiC and increased boron segregation in ZrB2 at higher temperatures limited the best deposition temperature to below 1200°C. In addition, higher flow ratios of PH 3 to B2H6 resulted in smoother films and improved quality of BP on all substrates. The FWHM of the Raman peak (6.1 cm -1), XRD BP(111) peak FWHM (0.18°) and peak ratios of BP(111)/(200) = 5157 and BP(111)/(220) = 7226 measured on AlN/sapphire were the best values reported in the literature for BP epitaxial films. The undoped films on AlN/sapphire were n-type with a highest electron mobility of 37.8 cm2/V˙s and a lowest carrier concentration of 3.15x1018 cm -3. Raman imaging had lower values of FWHM (4.8 cm-1 ) and a standard deviation (0.56 cm-1) for BP films on AlN/sapphire compared to 4H-SiC, 3C-SiC substrates. X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy revealed residual tensile strain in BP on 4H-SiC, 3C-SiC, ZrB2/4H-SiC, bulk AlN substrates while compressive strain was evident on AlN/sapphire and bulk ZrB2 substrates. Among the substrates studied, Al

  5. Metabolism of D-[1-3H]glucose, D-[2-3H]glucose, D-[5-3H]glucose, D-[6-3H]glucose and D-[U-14C]glucose by rat and human erythrocytes incubated in the presence of H2O or D2O.

    PubMed

    Conget, I; Malaisse, W J

    1995-02-01

    The present study investigates whether heavy water affects the efficiency of 3HOH production from D-[1-3H]glucose, D-[2-3H]glucose, D-[5-3H]glucose and D-[6-3H]glucose relative to the total generation of tritiated metabolites produced by either rat or human erythrocytes. The relative 3HOH yield was close to 95% with D-[5-3H]glucose, 72% with D-[2-3H]glucose, 22-32% with D-[1-3H]glucose, and only 12% with D-[6-3H]glucose. In the latter case, the comparison of the specific radioactivity of intracellular and extracellular acidic metabolites, expressed relative to that of 14C-labelled metabolites produced from D-[U-14C]glucose, indicated that the generation of 3HOH from D-[6-3H]glucose occurs at distal metabolic steps, such as the partial reversion of the pyruvate kinase reaction or the interconversion of pyruvate and L-alanine in the reaction catalysed by glutamate-pyruvate transaminase. As a rule, the substitution of H2O by D2O only caused minor to negligible changes in the relative 3HOH yield. This implies that the unexpectedly high deuteration of 13C-labelled D-glucose metabolites recently documented in erythrocytes exposed to D2O cannot be attributed to any major interference of heavy water with factors regulating both the deuteration and detritiation efficiency, such as the enzyme-to-enzyme tunnelling of specific glycolytic intermediates.

  6. Fibrosarcoma of the eyelid in two sibling Czech wolfdogs

    PubMed Central

    Nordio, Laura; Fattori, Sabina; Giudice, Chiara

    2017-01-01

    Most canine tumors of the eyelid are tumors generally encountered in the skin. They are most commonly of epithelial origin and benign. In this report, we describe the cases of two sibling Czech wolfdogs presented, one year apart, with a subcutaneous mass involving the left eyelid. Both lesions were histologically consistent with a diagnosis of subcutaneous fibrosarcoma. Immunohistochemical analyses of the tumors revealed a mild positivity for vimentin and negativity for GFAP, desmin, αSMA, myoglobin, S100, PNL2 and calponin, excluding all differential diagnosis (i.e. peripheral nerve sheath tumor, melanoma, perivascular sarcoma, myofibroblastic sarcoma, rhabdomyosarcoma). To the best of authors’ knowledge, this is the first report of canine eyelid fibrosarcoma. Since this rare tumor has been observed in two full siblings, we could speculate the existence of some genetic predisposition to sarcoma, however the present data did not allow any definite conclusion on the etiopathogenesis or genetic basis of these tumors. PMID:28616389

  7. C3G promotes a selective release of angiogenic factors from activated mouse platelets to regulate angiogenesis and tumor metastasis.

    PubMed

    Martín-Granado, Víctor; Ortiz-Rivero, Sara; Carmona, Rita; Gutiérrez-Herrero, Sara; Barrera, Mario; San-Segundo, Laura; Sequera, Celia; Perdiguero, Pedro; Lozano, Francisco; Martín-Herrero, Francisco; González-Porras, José Ramón; Muñoz-Chápuli, Ramón; Porras, Almudena; Guerrero, Carmen

    2017-12-19

    Previous observations indicated that C3G (RAPGEF1) promotes α-granule release, evidenced by the increase in P-selectin exposure on the platelet surface following its activation. The goal of the present study is to further characterize the potential function of C3G as a modulator of the platelet releasate and its implication in the regulation of angiogenesis. Proteomic analysis revealed a decreased secretion of anti-angiogenic factors from activated transgenic C3G and C3G∆Cat platelets. Accordingly, the secretome from both transgenic platelets had an overall pro-angiogenic effect as evidenced by an in vitro capillary-tube formation assay with HUVECs (human umbilical vein endothelial cells) and by two in vivo models of heterotopic tumor growth. In addition, transgenic C3G expression in platelets greatly increased mouse melanoma cells metastasis. Moreover, immunofluorescence microscopy showed that the pro-angiogenic factors VEGF and bFGF were partially retained into α-granules in thrombin- and ADP-activated mouse platelets from both, C3G and C3GΔCat transgenic mice. The observed interaction between C3G and Vesicle-associated membrane protein (Vamp)-7 could explain these results. Concomitantly, increased platelet spreading in both transgenic platelets upon thrombin activation supports this novel function of C3G in α-granule exocytosis. Collectively, our data point out to the co-existence of Rap1GEF-dependent and independent mechanisms mediating C3G effects on platelet secretion, which regulates pathological angiogenesis in tumors and other contexts. The results herein support an important role for platelet C3G in angiogenesis and metastasis.

  8. Rate Constant and RRKM Product Study for the Reaction Between CH3 and C2H3 at T = 298K

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Thorn, R. Peyton, Jr.; Payne, Walter A., Jr.; Chillier, Xavier D. F.; Stief, Louis J.; Nesbitt, Fred L.; Tardy, D. C.

    2000-01-01

    The total rate constant k1 has been determined at P = 1 Torr nominal pressure (He) and at T = 298 K for the vinyl-methyl cross-radical reaction CH3 + C2H3 yields products. The measurements were performed in a discharge flow system coupled with collision-free sampling to a mass spectrometer operated at low electron energies. Vinyl and methyl radicals were generated by the reactions of F with C2H4 and CH4, respectively. The kinetic studies were performed by monitoring the decay of C2H3 with methyl in excess, 6 < |CH3|(sub 0)/|C2H3|(sub 0) < 21. The overall rate coefficient was determined to be k1(298 K) = (1.02 +/- 0.53)x10(exp -10) cubic cm/molecule/s with the quoted uncertainty representing total errors. Numerical modeling was required to correct for secondary vinyl consumption by reactions such as C2H3 + H and C2H3 + C2H3. The present result for k1 at T = 298 K is compared to two previous studies at high pressure (100-300 Torr He) and to a very recent study at low pressure (0.9-3.7 Torr He). Comparison is also made with the rate constant for the similar reaction CH3 + C2H5 and with a value for k1 estimated by the geometric mean rule employing values for k(CH3 + CH3) and k(C2H3 + C2H3). Qualitative product studies at T = 298 K and 200 K indicated formation of C3H6, C2H2, and C2H5 as products of the combination-stabilization, disproportionation, and combination-decomposition channels, respectively, of the CH3 + C2H3 reaction. We also observed the secondary C4H8 product of the subsequent reaction of C3H5 with excess CH3; this observation provides convincing evidence for the combination-decomposition channel yielding C3H5 + H. RRKM calculations with helium as the deactivator support the present and very recent experimental observations that allylic C-H bond rupture is an important path in the combination reaction. The pressure and temperature dependencies of the branching fractions are also predicted.

  9. Low-grade fibrosarcoma of the anterior skull base: endoscopic resection and repair.

    PubMed

    Kuhn, Frederick A; Javer, Amin R

    2003-01-01

    Fibrosarcomas of the paranasal sinuses and skull base are uncommon tumors. Traditionally, "open approach" surgery remains the mainstay for treatment of choice for these tumors. A 49-year-old man underwent resection of a right anterior skull base fibrosarcoma using the endoscopic approach. Close follow-up using both endoscopic and imaging methods over a period of four years has revealed a well-healed skull base with no evidence of recurrence. Significant resistance exists at present for such a technique to deal with malignant diseases of the head and neck but results from advanced centers continue to prove that this may be a technique worth mastering and improving on.

  10. Biological study of the effect of water soluble [N-(2-hydroxybenzyl)-L-aspartato] gallium complexes on breast carcinoma and fibrosarcoma cells.

    PubMed

    Mohsen, Ahmed; Saby, Charles; Collery, Philippe; Sabry, Gilane Mohamed; Hassan, Rasha Elsherif; Badawi, Abdelfattah; Jeannesson, Pierre; Desmaële, Didier; Morjani, Hamid

    2016-10-01

    Two water soluble gallium complexes described as [Ga(III)LCl], where L is the deprotonated form of N-2-hydroxybenzyl aspartic acid derivatives, were synthesized and characterized by (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, FT-IR, mass spectrometry, and elemental analysis. The 2-(5-chloro-2-hydroxybenzylamino)succinic acid derivative (GS2) has been found to be a promising anticancer drug candidate. This compound was found to be more cytotoxic against human breast carcinoma MDA-MB231 and fibrosarcoma HT-1080 cell lines than the unsubstituted derivative and GaCl3. GS2 was able to induce apoptosis through downregulation of AKT phosphorylation, G2M arrest in cell cycle, and caspase 3/7 pathway. This gallium complex was found to induce an increase in mitochondrial ROS level in HT-1080 cells but not in MDA-MB231 cells. This suggests that the mechanism of action of GS2 would not be mediated by the drug-induced oxidative stress but probably by directly and indirectly inhibiting the AKT cell-signaling pathway.

  11. (C{H3})3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdotAgI AND H3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdotAgI STUDIED BY BROADBAND ROTATIONAL SPECTROSCOPY AND AB INITIO CALCULATIONS

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bittner, Dror M.; Zaleski, Daniel P.; Stephens, Susanna L.; Walker, Nick; Legon, Anthony

    2015-06-01

    The pure rotational spectra of 8 isotopologues of H3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdotAgI and 6 isotopologues of (C{H3})3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdotAgI were measured in a chirped pulse Fourier-transform microwave spectrometer. The complexes were synthesized in a molecular beam from a gas sample containing H3N or (C{H3})3N and CF3I precursors diluted in argon. Laser ablation was used to introduce silver atoms to the gas phase. The rotational constant B0, centrifugal distortion constants DJ and DJK, and the nuclear quadrupole coupling constant χaa(I) have been determined for (C{H3})314/15N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot107/109AgI, (C{D3})3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot107/109AgI, H314/15N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot107/109AgI and D3N\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot107/109AgI by fitting the measured transitions to a symmetric top Hamiltonian. The spectroscopic constants (B0+ C0), ΔJ and χaa(I) have been determined for D2HN\\cdot\\cdot\\cdot107/109AgI through fits that employed a Hamiltonian appropriate for a very near prolate asymmetric rotor. Partial effective (r0) and substitution (rs) structures have been determined.

  12. Measurement of differences in pO2 in response to perfluorocarbon/carbogen in FSa and NFSa murine fibrosarcomas with low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry.

    PubMed

    Halpern, H J; Yu, C; Peric, M; Barth, E D; Karczmar, G S; River, J N; Grdina, D J; Teicher, B A

    1996-05-01

    We have used very low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry to measure the change in oxygen concentration (delta pO2) due to change in breathing atmosphere in FSa and NFSa fibrosarcomas implanted in the legs of C3H mice infused with perfluoro-octylbromine (PFOB). Measurements in each tumor were made before and after the administration of the high-density (47% v/v) perfluorocarbon PFOB, perflubron (Alliance Pharmaceutical Corporation, San Diego, CA). Measurements in each tumor were also made, after the administration of the PFOB, both before (PFOB/air) and after the administration of carbogen (95% O2 + 5% CO2, PFOB/carbogen). Large changes (delta p02) relative to PFOB/air oxygenation were seen with the administration of PFOB/carbogen. No significant difference in oxygen concentration was seen between air-breathing mice with and without PFOB. The mean delta pO2 for FSa tumors was 13 +/- 6 torr, while the mean for NFSa fibrosarcomas was 28 +/- 7 torr. There were such large intertumor differences that the trend toward a smaller change in the more hypoxic FSa tumors was not significant (P = 0.13). This paper describes a novel method of measuring differences in oxygenation in tumor tissues. The results of such measurements indicate large differences in pO2 response to different breathing atmospheres in PFOB-infused tumors of similar histology. The intertumor delta pO2 differences may correlate with differences in radiation response.

  13. C2cd3 is required for cilia formation and Hedgehog signaling in mouse

    PubMed Central

    Hoover, Amber N.; Wynkoop, Aaron; Zeng, Huiqing; Jia, Jinping; Niswander, Lee A.; Liu, Aimin

    2011-01-01

    Cilia are essential for mammalian embryonic development as well as for the physiological activity of various adult organ systems. Despite the multiple crucial roles that cilia play, the mechanisms underlying ciliogenesis in mammals remain poorly understood. Taking a forward genetic approach, we have identified Hearty (Hty), a recessive lethal mouse mutant with multiple defects, including neural tube defects, abnormal dorsal-ventral patterning of the spinal cord, a defect in left-right axis determination and severe polydactyly (extra digits). By genetic mapping, sequence analysis of candidate genes and characterization of a second mutant allele, we identify Hty as C2cd3, a novel gene encoding a vertebrate-specific C2 domain-containing protein. Target gene expression and double-mutant analyses suggest that C2cd3 is an essential regulator of intracellular transduction of the Hedgehog signal. Furthering a link between Hedgehog signaling and cilia function, we find that cilia formation and proteolytic processing of Gli3 are disrupted in C2cd3 mutants. Finally, we observe C2cd3 protein at the basal body, consistent with its essential function in ciliogenesis. Interestingly, the human ortholog for this gene lies in proximity to the critical regions of Meckel-Gruber syndrome 2 (MKS2) and Joubert syndrome 2 (JBTS2), making it a potential candidate for these two human genetic disorders. PMID:19004860

  14. Primary intraosseous fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Levitt, L; Doige, C E

    1989-06-01

    A primary intraosseous fibrosarcoma was diagnosed in a 1.5-year-old cat. Clinical signs included nonweight-bearing lameness of the right forelimb and signs of pain on palpation of the right elbow. Radiography of the right elbow revealed a well-circumscribed osteolytic lesion of the olecranon. The right fore-limb was amputated, and histologic examination revealed tumor invasion into local veins and metastasis to the axillary lymph nodes. The cat had no signs of tumor redevelopment or pulmonary metastatic disease one year after amputation.

  15. Fibrosarcoma adjacent to the site of microchip implantation in a cat.

    PubMed

    Daly, Meighan K; Saba, Corey F; Crochik, Sonia S; Howerth, Elizabeth W; Kosarek, Carrie E; Cornell, Karen K; Roberts, Royce E; Northrup, Nicole C

    2008-04-01

    A 14-year-old spayed female domestic shorthair cat presented with an interscapular mass. A computed tomography scan, biopsy, and histological examination revealed a fibrosarcoma adjacent to a pet identification microchip. Because the cat was previously vaccinated at this site, it is not possible to establish definitive causation of the fibrosarcoma, but this is the first report of a tumor in the vicinity of a microchip in a cat. Microchip-associated tumors have been reported in rodents and dogs. Veterinarians should be aware that because inflammation may predispose felines to tumor formation, separation and observation of vaccination and implantation sites are indicated. Adherence to American Association of Feline Practitioners (AAFP) vaccination guidelines and monitoring of microchip implantation sites are recommended.

  16. Shifts in podocyte histone H3K27me3 regulate mouse and human glomerular disease

    PubMed Central

    Majumder, Syamantak; Thieme, Karina; Batchu, Sri N.; Alghamdi, Tamadher A.; Bowskill, Bridgit B.; Kabir, M. Golam; Liu, Youan; Advani, Suzanne L.; White, Kathryn E.; Geldenhuys, Laurette; Tennankore, Karthik K.; Poyah, Penelope; Siddiqi, Ferhan S.

    2017-01-01

    Histone protein modifications control fate determination during normal development and dedifferentiation during disease. Here, we set out to determine the extent to which dynamic changes to histones affect the differentiated phenotype of ordinarily quiescent adult glomerular podocytes. To do this, we examined the consequences of shifting the balance of the repressive histone H3 lysine 27 trimethylation (H3K27me3) mark in podocytes. Adriamycin nephrotoxicity and subtotal nephrectomy (SNx) studies indicated that deletion of the histone methylating enzyme EZH2 from podocytes decreased H3K27me3 levels and sensitized mice to glomerular disease. H3K27me3 was enriched at the promoter region of the Notch ligand Jag1 in podocytes, and derepression of Jag1 by EZH2 inhibition or knockdown facilitated podocyte dedifferentiation. Conversely, inhibition of the Jumonji C domain–containing demethylases Jmjd3 and UTX increased the H3K27me3 content of podocytes and attenuated glomerular disease in adriamycin nephrotoxicity, SNx, and diabetes. Podocytes in glomeruli from humans with focal segmental glomerulosclerosis or diabetic nephropathy exhibited diminished H3K27me3 and heightened UTX content. Analogous to human disease, inhibition of Jmjd3 and UTX abated nephropathy progression in mice with established glomerular injury and reduced H3K27me3 levels. Together, these findings indicate that ostensibly stable chromatin modifications can be dynamically regulated in quiescent cells and that epigenetic reprogramming can improve outcomes in glomerular disease by repressing the reactivation of developmental pathways. PMID:29227285

  17. 3,4-Dimethyl-1-phenyl­pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6(1H)-one

    PubMed Central

    Ahmad, Neman; Tahir, M. Nawaz; Khan, Misbahul Ain; Ather, Abdul Qayyum; Khan, Muhammad Naeem

    2011-01-01

    In the title compound, C14H12N2O2, the dihedral angle between the phenyl ring and the 3,4-dimethyl­pyrano[2,3-c]pyrazol-6(1H)-one system is 7.28 (6)°. An intra­molecular C—H⋯O inter­action generates an S(6) ring. In the crystal, the mol­ecules are linked by C—H⋯O hydrogen bonds, forming C(8) chains. C–H⋯π and π–π inter­actions [centroid–centroid separation = 3.6374 (12) Å] further consolidate the packing. PMID:21754037

  18. Photochemical Carboxylation of Activated C(sp3 )-H Bonds with CO2.

    PubMed

    Gui, Yong-Yuan; Zhou, Wen-Jun; Ye, Jian-Heng; Yu, Da-Gang

    2017-04-10

    From ugly duckling to beautiful C1: Although CO 2 may represent an ideal C1 source, it is challenging to use it as a raw material and direct carboxylation with CO 2 has mainly been confined to highly reactive species. However, recent significant breakthroughs have been made in photochemical carboxylation of challenging, un-acidic, C(sp 3 )-H bonds, including benzylic, allylic and amine C-H bonds. © 2017 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  19. The molecular core in G34.3 + 0.2 - Millimeter interferometric observations of HCO(+), H(C-13)N, H(C-15)N, and SO

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Carral, Patricia; Welch, William J.

    1992-01-01

    This study presents high-resolution observations of the molecular core in the star-forming region G34.3 + 0.2. Maps at 6-arcsec resolution of emission and absorption of the J = 1 - 0 transitions of HCO(+), H (C-13)N, H(C-15)N, and of the 2(2) - 1(1) transition of SO were obtained in addition to a map of the 3.4-mm continuum emission from the compact H II component. The HCL(+) emission toward G34.3 + 0.2 traces a warm molecular core about 0.9 pc in size. Emission from H (C-13)N is detected over about 0.3 pc. The cometary H II region lies near the edge of the molecular core. The blueshift of the radio recombination lines with respect to the molecular emission suggests that gas from the H II region is accelerated in a champagne flow caused by a steep gradient in the ambient gas density.

  20. A Layered Solution Crystal Growth Technique and the Crystal Structure of (C 6H 5C 2H 4NH 3) 2PbCl 4

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Mitzi, D. B.

    1999-07-01

    Single crystals of the organic-inorganic perovskite (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl4 have been grown at room temperature using a layered solution approach. The bottom solution layer, contained within a long straight tube, consists of PbCl2 dissolved in concentrated aqueous HCl. A less dense layer of methanol is carefully placed on top of the HCl/PbCl2 solution using a syringe. Finally, a stoichiometric quantity of C6H5C2H4NH2 (relative to the PbCl2) is added to the top of the column. As the layers slowly diffuse together, well-formed crystals of (C6H5C2H4NH3)2PbCl4 appear near the interface between the HCl/PbCl2 and C6H5C2H4NH2 solutions. The thick, plate-like crystals are well suited for X-ray crystallography studies. Room temperature intensity data were refined using a triclinic (Poverline1) cell (a=11.1463(3) Å, b=11.2181(3) Å, c=17.6966(5) Å, α= 99.173(1)°, β=104.634(1)°, γ=89.999(1)°, V=2111.8(1) Å3, Z=4, Rf/Rw=0.031/0.044). The organic-inorganic layered perovskite structure features well-ordered sheets of corner-sharing distorted PbCl6 octahedra separated by bilayers of phenethylammonium cations. Tilting and rotation of the PbCl6 octahedra within the perovskite sheets, coupled with organic cation ordering, leads to the unusual in-sheet 2ap×2ap superstructure, where ap is the lattice constant for the ideal cubic perovskite.

  1. Acute molecular response of mouse hindlimb muscles to chronic stimulation.

    PubMed

    LaFramboise, W A; Jayaraman, R C; Bombach, K L; Ankrapp, D P; Krill-Burger, J M; Sciulli, C M; Petrosko, P; Wiseman, R W

    2009-09-01

    Stimulation of the mouse hindlimb via the sciatic nerve was performed for a 4-h period to investigate acute muscle gene activation in a model of muscle phenotype conversion. Initial force production (1.6 +/- 0.1 g/g body wt) declined 45% within 10 min and was maintained for the remainder of the experiment. Force returned to initial levels upon study completion. An immediate-early growth response was present in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle (FOS, JUN, activating transcription factor 3, and musculoaponeurotic fibrosarcoma oncogene) with a similar but attenuated pattern in the soleus muscle. Transcript profiles showed decreased fast fiber-specific mRNA (myosin heavy chains 2A and 2B, fast troponins T(3) and I, alpha-tropomyosin, muscle creatine kinase, and parvalbumin) and increased slow transcripts (myosin heavy chain-1beta/slow, troponin C slow, and tropomyosin 3y) in the EDL versus soleus muscles. Histological analysis of the EDL revealed glycogen depletion without inflammatory cell infiltration in stimulated versus control muscles, whereas ultrastructural analysis showed no evidence of myofiber damage after stimulation. Multiple fiber type-specific transcription factors (tea domain family member 1, nuclear factor of activated T cells 1, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha and -beta, circadian locomotor output cycles kaput, and hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha) increased in the EDL along with transcription factors characteristic of embryogenesis (Kruppel-like factor 4; SRY box containing 17; transcription factor 15; PBX/knotted 1 homeobox 1; and embryonic lethal, abnormal vision). No established in vivo satellite cell markers or genes activated in our parallel experiments of satellite cell proliferation in vitro (cyclins A(2), B(2), C, and E(1) and MyoD) were differentially increased in the stimulated muscles. These results indicated that the molecular onset of fast to slow phenotype conversion occurred in the EDL within

  2. On the Formation of the C2H6O Isomers Ethanol (C2H5OH) and Dimethyl Ether (CH3OCH3) in Star-forming Regions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bergantini, Alexandre; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Kaiser, Ralf I.

    2017-06-01

    The structural isomers ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3) were detected in several low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star-forming regions, including Sgr B2, Orion, and W33A, with the relative abundance ratios of ethanol/dimethyl ether varying from about 0.03 to 3.4. Until now, no experimental data regarding the formation mechanisms and branching ratios of these two species in laboratory simulation experiments could be provided. Here, we exploit tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) to detect and analyze the production of complex organic molecules (COMs) resulting from the exposure of water/methane (H2O/CH4) ices to energetic electrons. The main goal is to understand the formation mechanisms in star-forming regions of two C2H6O isomers: ethanol (CH3CH2OH) and dimethyl ether (CH3OCH3). The results show that the experimental branching ratios favor the synthesis of ethanol versus dimethyl ether (31 ± 11:1). This finding diverges from the abundances observed toward most star-forming regions, suggesting that production routes on interstellar grains to form dimethyl ether might be missing; alternatively, ethanol can be overproduced in the present simulation experiments, such as via radical-radical recombination pathways involving ethyl and hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the PI-ReTOF-MS data suggest the formation of methylacetylene (C3H4), ketene (CH2CO), propene (C3H6), vinyl alcohol (CH2CHOH), acetaldehyde (CH3CHO), and methyl hydroperoxide (CH3OOH), in addition to ethane (C2H6), methanol (CH3OH), and CO2 detected from infrared spectroscopy. The yield of all the confirmed species is also determined.

  3. Direct Acylation of C(sp(3))-H Bonds Enabled by Nickel and Photoredox Catalysis.

    PubMed

    Joe, Candice L; Doyle, Abigail G

    2016-03-14

    Using nickel and photoredox catalysis, the direct functionalization of C(sp(3))-H bonds of N-aryl amines by acyl electrophiles is described. The method affords a diverse range of α-amino ketones at room temperature and is amenable to late-stage coupling of complex and biologically relevant groups. C(sp(3))-H activation occurs by photoredox-mediated oxidation to generate α-amino radicals which are intercepted by nickel in catalytic C(sp(3))-C coupling. The merger of these two modes of catalysis leverages nickel's unique properties in alkyl cross-coupling while avoiding limitations commonly associated with transition-metal-mediated C(sp(3))-H activation, including requirements for chelating directing groups and high reaction temperatures. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  4. [Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma of the paravertebral column. Case report and literature review].

    PubMed

    Puerta Roldán, Patricia; Rodríguez Rodríguez, Rodrigo; Bagué Rossell, Silvia; de Juan Delago, Manel; Molet Teixidó, Joan

    2013-01-01

    Sclerosing epithelioid fibrosarcoma (SEF) is a rare variant of low-grade fibrosarcoma, with specific histological and immunohistochemical features and a poor prognosis. We report a case of SEF of the paravertebral column in a 49-year old male who presented a paraspinal mass with extension into the L4-L5 neural foramen and invasion of the L5 nerve root. Histology of the tumourectomy specimen and its immunohistochemical study led to the diagnosis of SEF. This case was particularly unusual due to its paravertebral column location and, despite its low grade, illustrates the malignant potential of SEF. Copyright © 2012 Sociedad Española de Neurocirugía. Published by Elsevier España. All rights reserved.

  5. Oxidative C-H/C-H Cross-Coupling Reactions between N-Acylanilines and Benzamides Enabled by a Cp*-Free RhCl3/TFA Catalytic System.

    PubMed

    You, Jingsong; Shi, Yang; Zhang, Luoqiang; Lan, Jingbo; Zhang, Min; Zhou, Fulin; Wei, Wenlong

    2018-06-03

    Using the dual chelation-assisted strategy, a completely regiocontrolled oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reaction between an N-acylaniline and a benzamide has been accomplished for the first time, which enables a step-economical and highly efficient pathway to 2-amino-2'-carboxybiaryl scaffolds from readily available substrates. A Cp*-free RhCl3/TFA catalytic system has been developed to replace the generally used [Cp*RhCl2]2/AgSbF6 (Cp* = pentamethyl cyclopentadienyl) in oxidative C-H/C-H cross-coupling reactions between two (hetero)arenes. The RhCl3/TFA system avoids the use of expensive Cp* ligand and AgSbF6. As an illustrative example, the protocol developed herein greatly streamlines access to naturally occurring benzo[c]phenanthridine alkaloid oxynitidine in an excellent overall yield. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  6. CVMP advice on injection-site fibrosarcomas in cats.

    PubMed

    2003-03-29

    In response to increasing concern, the Committee for Veterinary Medicinal Products (CVMP) has produced this advisory notice for veterinary surgeons on the development in cats of fibrosarcomas at sites of administration of veterinary medicinal products. The advice relates principally, but not exclusively, to the subcutaneous injection of vaccines. The issue is of relevance only to cats and no extrapolation should be made to other species or to man. At the current state of knowledge, it is not possible to provide specific advice on the risk that any product, or any type of product, might represent in terms of inducing a fibrosarcoma at the site of administration. However, following the precautionary principle, the CVMP considers that information on this issue should be made available to veterinary surgeons in order that they can have an informed discussion with owners of the benefits and risks of therapeutic interventions in cats, particularly in relation to vaccination and re-vaccination. The CVMP wishes to emphasise that modern vaccines continue to represent the only safe and effective means of protecting cats against serious infectious diseases and this should be taken fully into account in any discussion between veterinary surgeons and owners of cats.

  7. CARCINOGENICITY OF BROMODICHLOROMETHANE ADMINISTERED IN DRINKING WATER TO THE MALE F344/N RAT AND B6C3F, MOUSE

    EPA Science Inventory

    CARCINOGENICITY OF BROMODICHLOROMETHANE ADMINISTERED IN DRINKING WATER TO THE MALE F344/N RAT AND B6C3F1 MOUSE.

    Bromodichloromethane (BDCM) has been shown to produce kidney and large bowel tumors in both male and female F344/N rats, kidney tumors in male B6C3F 1 mice and ...

  8. Radiation induction of cancer of the skin

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Fry, R.J.M.; Storer, J.B.; Burns, F.J.

    1985-01-01

    The induction of epidermal tumors was studied using exposures to 25 kV x-rays with or without subsequent exposures to 12-0-tetradeconyl phorbol-13 acetate (TPA) or ultraviolet radiation (uvr) 280-400 nm. Fractionation regimens and total exposure up to 4000R produced no squamous cell carcinomas. When these regimes were followed by TPA an incidence of about 80% was obtained, and incidence of 60% when uvr exposures followed the x-irradiation. A dose-dependent increase in fibrosarcomas was found when x-irradiation was followed by 24 weeks of topical treatment with TPA. These results support the contention that uvr can enhance the expression of cells initiated bymore » x-rays. The experimental evidence is compared with the data from the tinea capitis patients treated with x-rays. In C3HF/He male mice exposed to 50, 100, 150 and 200 rads /sup 137/Cs gamma rays the induction rate for fibrosarcomas was 2.9 x 10/sup -4/ per cGy/per mouse. This result compares with 2.5 x 10/sup -6/ transformations per surviving cell per cGy with 10T1/2 cells that are fibroblasts derived from C3H mice. 16 refs., 1 fig., 1 tab.« less

  9. A study of the C3H2 isomers and isotopologues: first interstellar detection of HDCCC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Spezzano, S.; Gupta, H.; Brünken, S.; Gottlieb, C. A.; Caselli, P.; Menten, K. M.; Müller, H. S. P.; Bizzocchi, L.; Schilke, P.; McCarthy, M. C.; Schlemmer, S.

    2016-02-01

    The partially deuterated linear isomer HDCCC of the ubiquitous cyclic carbene (c-C3H2) was observed in the starless cores TMC-1C and L1544 at 96.9 GHz, and a confirming line was observed in TMC-1 at 19.38 GHz. To aid the identification in these narrow line sources, four centimetre-wave rotational transitions (two in the previously reported Ka = 0 ladder and two new ones in the Ka = 1 ladder) and 23 transitions in the millimetre band between 96 and 272 GHz were measured in high-resolution laboratory spectra. Ten spectroscopic constants in a standard asymmetric top Hamiltonian allow the main transitions of astronomical interest in the Ka ≤ 3 rotational ladders to be calculated to within 0.1 km s-1 in radial velocity up to 400 GHz. Conclusive identification of the two astronomical lines of HDCCC was provided by the VLSR, which is the same as for the normal isotopic species (H2CCC) in the three narrow line sources. In these sources, deuterium fractionation in singly substituted H2CCC (HDCCC/H2CCC ~4-19%) is comparable to that in c-C3H2 (c-C3H2/c-C3HD ~5-17%) and similarly in doubly deuterated c-C3H2 (c-C3D2/c-C3HD ~3-17%), implying that the efficiency of the deuteration processes in the H2CCC and c-C3H2 isomers are comparable in dark clouds. Based on observations carried out with the IRAM 30 m Telescope. IRAM is supported by INSU/CNRS (France), MPG (Germany) and IGN (Spain).

  10. Specific destruction of islet transplants in NOD<-->C57BL/6 and NOD<-->C3H/Tif embryo aggregation chimeras irrespective of allelic differences in beta-cell antigens.

    PubMed

    Leijon, K; Hillörn, V; Bergqvist, I; Holmberg, D

    1995-06-01

    We have tested the hypothesis that allelic differences in the antigens expressed by the beta-cells of the islets of Langerhans influence the development of insulitis in the non-obese diabetic (NOD) mouse. Islets of Langerhans from NOD, C57BL/6 and C3H/Tif mice were transplanted under the kidney capsule of NOD<-->C57BL/6 and NOD<-->C3H/Tif embryo aggregation (EA) chimeras and the infiltration was scored 5-7 weeks later. Mononuclear cell infiltration of pancreatic islets was observed in 60% of the NOD<-->C57BL/6 and in 55% of the NOD<-->C3H/Tif EA chimeras. All transplanted EA chimeras that developed insulitis also displayed mononuclear cell infiltrates in the transplants, irrespective of the origin of the transplanted islets. In contrast, no infiltration of transplants was detected in EA chimeras scoring negative for insulitis. These results demonstrate that the specific destruction of islet transplants does not require the expression of NOD specific antigens by the islets. Moreover, the beta-cell destruction appears not to be restricted to NOD-MHC. The correlation between insulitis and transplant beta-cell destruction suggests the possibility that the development of insulitis is a prerequisite for transplant specific destruction. MHC restricted destruction may, therefore, precede the beta-cell destruction of transplanted islets. The chimerism among the mononuclear cells infiltrating the islet transplants was found to correlate with the overall haematopoetic chimerism in each of the individual EA chimeras. This observation suggests that NOD bone marrow, as well as non-NOD bone marrow, generates cells contributing to the beta-cell destruction process.

  11. Comparison of the virulence of three H3N2 canine influenza virus isolates from Korea and China in mouse and Guinea pig models.

    PubMed

    Xie, Xing; Na, Woonsung; Kang, Aram; Yeom, Minjoo; Yuk, Heejun; Moon, Hyoungjoon; Kim, Sung-Jae; Kim, Hyun-Woo; Kim, Jeong-Ki; Pang, Maoda; Wang, Yongshan; Liu, Yongjie; Song, Daesub

    2018-05-02

    Avian-origin H3N2 canine influenza virus (CIV) has been the most common subtype in Korea and China since 2007. Here, we compared the pathogenicity and transmissibility of three H3N2 CIV strains [Chinese CIV (JS/10), Korean CIV (KR/07), and Korean recombinant CIV between the classic H3N2 CIV and the pandemic H1N1 virus (MV/12)] in BALB/c mouse and guinea pig models. The pandemic H1N1 (CA/09) strain served as the control. BALB/c mice infected with H1N1 had high mortality and obvious body weight loss, whereas no overt disease symptoms were observed in mice inoculated with H3N2 CIV strains. The viral titers were higher in the group MV/12 than those in groups JS/10 and KR/07, while the mice infected with JS/10 showed higher viral titers in all tissues (except for the lung) than the mice infected with KR/07. The data obtained in guinea pigs also demonstrated that group MV/12 presented the highest loads in most of the tissues, followed by group JS/10 and KR/07. Also, direct contact transmissions of all the three CIV strains could be observed in guinea pigs, and for the inoculated and the contact groups, the viral titer of group MV/12 and KR/07 was higher than that of group JS/10 in nasal swabs. These findings indicated that the matrix (M) gene obtained from the pandemic H1N1 may enhance viral replication of classic H3N2 CIV; JS/10 has stronger viral replication ability in tissues as compared to KR/07, whereas KR/07 infected guinea pigs have more viral shedding than JS/10 infected guinea pigs. There exists a discrepancy in pathobiology among CIV isolates. Reverse genetics regarding the genomes of CIV isolates will be helpful to further explain the virus characteristics.

  12. Unusual Synchronous Presentation of Maxillary Sinus Fibrosarcoma and Gemistocytic Astrocytoma with a Complication Called Leukocytoclastic Vasculitis: A Case Report

    PubMed Central

    Cadir, Bilge; Karahan, Nermin; Nasir, Serdar; Aydin, M. Asim; Turkaslan, S. Suha

    2009-01-01

    Fibrosarcoma of the paranasal sinuses is extremely rare pathology and there is limited report in the literature. We report synchronous presentation of maxillary sinus fibrosarcoma and gemistocytic astrocytoma which is, to our knowledge, unique in the literature. Both tumors metastases to other organ rarely and the metastatic spread of gemistocytic astrocytoma to fibrosarcoma or vice versa have also not been reported in the literature yet. This report discusses the clinical course of the disease, outcome of the treatment approach and survival as well as an unusual occurrence of leukocytoclastic vasculitis during the course of radiotherapy in such unusual presentation. PMID:19756200

  13. Band gap narrowing in n-type and p-type 3C-, 2H-, 4H-, 6H-SiC, and Si

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Persson, C.; Lindefelt, U.; Sernelius, B. E.

    1999-10-01

    Doping-induced energy shifts of the conduction band minimum and the valence band maximum have been calculated for n-type and p-type 3C-, 2H-, 4H-, 6H-SiC, and Si. The narrowing of the fundamental band gap and of the optical band gap are presented as functions of ionized impurity concentration. The calculations go beyond the common parabolic treatments of the ground state energy dispersion by using energy dispersion and overlap integrals from band structure calculations. The nonparabolic valence band curvatures influence strongly the energy shifts especially in p-type materials. The utilized method is based on a zero-temperature Green's function formalism within the random phase approximation with local field correction according to Hubbard. We have parametrized the shifts of the conduction and the valence bands and made comparisons with recently published results from a semi-empirical model.

  14. Structurally characterized 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine solvated magnesium aryloxide complexes: [Mg(mu-OEt)(DBP)(H-TMG)]2, [Mg(mu-OBc)(DBP)(H-TMG)]2, [Mg(mu-TMBA)(DBP)(H-TMG)]2, [Mg(mu-DPP)(DBP)(H-TMG)]2, [Mg(BMP)2(H-TMG)2], [Mg(O-2,6-Ph2C6H3)2 (H-TMG)2].

    PubMed

    Monegan, Jessie D; Bunge, Scott D

    2009-04-06

    The synthesis and structural characterization of several 1,1,3,3-tetramethylguanidine (H-TMG) solvated magnesium aryloxide complexes are reported. Bu(2)Mg was successfully reacted with H-TMG, HOC(6)H(3)(CMe(3))(2)-2,6 (H-DBP), and either ethanol, a carboxylic acid, or diphenyl phosphate in a 1:1 ratio to yield the corresponding [Mg(mu-L)(DBP)(H-TMG)](2) where L = OCH(2)CH(3) (OEt, 1), O(2)CC(CH(3))(3) (OBc, 2), O(2)C(C(6)H(2)-2,4,6-(CH(3))(3)) (TMBA, 3), or O(2)P(OC(6)H(5))(2) (DPP, 4). Bu(2)Mg was also reacted with two equivalents of H-TMG and HOC(6)H(3)(CMe(3))-2-(CH(3))-6 (BMP) or HO-2,6-Ph(2)C(6)H(3) to yield [Mg(BMP)(2)(H-TMG)(2)] (5) and [Mg(O-2,6-Ph(2)C(6)H(3))(2)(H-TMG)(2)] (6). Compounds 1-6 were characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. Polymerization of l- and rac-lactide with 1 was found to generate polylactide (PLA). A discussion concerning the relevance of compounds 2 - 4 to the structure of Mg-activated phosphatase enzymes is also provided. The bulk powders for all complexes were found to be in agreement with the crystal structures based on elemental analyses, FT-IR spectroscopy, and (1)H, (13)C and (31)P NMR studies.

  15. Stability of methane in reduced C-O-H fluid at 6.3 GPa and 1300-1400°C

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sokol, A. G.; Tomilenko, A. A.; Bul'bak, T. A.; Palyanova, G. A.; Palyanov, Yu. N.; Sobolev, N. V.

    2017-06-01

    The composition of a reduced C-O-H fluid was studied by the method of chromatography-mass spectrometry under the conditions of 6.3 GPa, 1300-1400°C, and fO2 typical of the base of the subcratonic lithosphere. Fluids containing water (4.4-96.3 rel. %), methane (37.6-0.06 rel. %), and variable concentrations of ethane, propane, and butane were obtained in experiments. With increasing fO2, the proportion of the CH4/C2H6 peak areas on chromatograms first increases and then decreases, whereas the CH4/C3H8 and CH4/C4H10 ratios continually decrease. The new data show that ethane and heavier HCs may be more stable to oxidation, than previously thought. Therefore, when reduced fluids pass the "redox-front," carbon is not completely released from the fluid and may be involved in diamond formation.

  16. X-Ray study of hetero ring flexibility in norbornane, norbornene-fused 1,3-oxazin-2-thiones Structure of 5,8-methano- r-4-phenyl-c-4a, c-5,6,7, c-8, c- 8a-hexahydro-4H- 1 ,3-benzoxazin-2 (3H)-thione

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kálmán, A.; Argay, Gy.; Stájer, G.; Bernáth, G.

    1991-08-01

    The structure of S,8-methano- r-4-phenyl c4a, c5,6,7 c8 c8ahexahydro4 H 1,3 -benzoxazin- 2 (3 H)-thione (C 15H 17N0S, M r=259.37) has been established by X-ray crystallography from diffractometer data: it crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P2 1/n with a=6.150(2) Å, b=9.655(1) Å, c=22.093(4) Å,β=96.75(2)† V=1302.7(8) Å 3,4,D c=1.32gcm -3and p( Cu K) =20.4cm -. The structure has been solved by direct methods, refined to R=0.050 for 2193 observed reflections. The X-ray analysis substantiated the structure: the NMR spectra in- dicated that the 4-phenyl group assumes an exo-equatorial position. The puckering parameters of D. Cremer, J.A. Pople, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 97 (1975), 1354 (ref.1), of the distorted hetero ring (a transitional form between E 4-envelope, ( 5S 4-screw-boat) show that, depending on the positions of the hetero atoms, both the norbornane, norbornene skeletons markedly alter the characteristic transitional ( 5E/ 5H 6) shape of the 1,3-oxazine ring observed in other saturated, partly saturated l,3-benzoxazin-2-ones, analogous thiones.

  17. A C3(H20) recycling pathway is a component of the intracellular complement system

    PubMed Central

    Elvington, Michelle; Bertram, Paula; Atkinson, John P.

    2017-01-01

    An intracellular complement system (ICS) has recently been described in immune and nonimmune human cells. This system can be activated in a convertase-independent manner from intracellular stores of the complement component C3. The source of these stores has not been rigorously investigated. In the present study, Western blotting identified a band corresponding to C3 in freshly isolated human peripheral blood cells that was absent in corresponding cell lines. One difference between native cells and cell lines was the time absent from a fluid-phase complement source; therefore, we hypothesized that loading C3 from plasma was a route of establishing intracellular C3 stores. We found that many types of human cells specifically internalized C3(H2O), the hydrolytic product of C3, and not native C3, from the extracellular milieu. Uptake was rapid, saturable, and sensitive to competition with unlabeled C3(H2O), indicating a specific mechanism of loading. Under steady-state conditions, approximately 80% of incorporated C3(H2O) was returned to the extracellular space. These studies identify an ICS recycling pathway for C3(H2O). The loaded C3(H2O) represents a source of C3a, and its uptake altered the cytokine profile of activated CD4+ T cells. Importantly, these results indicate that the impact of soluble plasma factors should be considered when performing in vitro studies assessing cellular immune function. PMID:28192370

  18. Amide-Directed Photoredox Catalyzed C-C Bond Formation at Unactivated sp3 C-H Bonds

    PubMed Central

    Chu, John C. K.; Rovis, Tomislav

    2017-01-01

    Carbon-carbon (C-C) bond formation is paramount in the synthesis of biologically relevant molecules, modern synthetic materials and commodity chemicals such as fuels and lubricants. Traditionally, the presence of a functional group is required at the site of C-C bond formation. Strategies that allow C-C bond formation at inert carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds allow scientists to access molecules which would otherwise be inaccessible and to develop more efficient syntheses of complex molecules.1,2 Herein we report a method for the formation of C-C bonds by directed cleavage of traditionally non-reactive C-H bonds and their subsequent coupling with readily available alkenes. Our methodology allows for the selective C-C bond formation at single C-H bonds in molecules that contain a multitude of seemingly indifferentiable such bonds. Selectivity arises through a relayed photoredox catalyzed oxidation of an N-H bond. We anticipate our findings to serve as a starting point for functionalization at inert C-H bonds through a hydrogen atom transfer strategy. PMID:27732580

  19. Glucose- and cellulose-derived Ni/C-SO3H catalysts for liquid phase phenol hydrodeoxygenation.

    PubMed

    Kasakov, Stanislav; Zhao, Chen; Baráth, Eszter; Chase, Zizwe A; Fulton, John L; Camaioni, Donald M; Vjunov, Aleksei; Shi, Hui; Lercher, Johannes A

    2015-01-19

    Sulfonated carbons were explored as functionalized supports for Ni nanoparticles to hydrodeoxygenate (HDO) phenol. Both hexadecane and water were used as solvents. The dual-functional Ni catalysts supported on sulfonated carbon (Ni/C-SO3H) showed high rates for phenol hydrodeoxygenation in liquid hexadecane, but not in water. Glucose and cellulose were precursors to the carbon supports. Changes in the carbons resulting from sulfonation of the carbons resulted in variations of carbon sheet structures, morphologies and the surface concentrations of acid sites. While the C-SO3H supports were active for cyclohexanol dehydration in hexadecane and water, Ni/C-SO3H only catalysed the reduction of phenol to cyclohexanol in water. The state of 3-5 nm grafted Ni particles was analysed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the metallic Ni was rapidly formed in situ without detectable leaching to the aqueous phase, suggesting that just the acid functions on Ni/C-SO3H are inhibited in the presence of water. Using in situ IR spectroscopy, it was shown that even in hexadecane, phenol HDO is limited by the dehydration step. Thus, phenol HDO catalysis was further improved by physically admixing C-SO3H with the Ni/C-SO3H catalyst to balance the two catalytic functions. The minimum addition of 7 wt % C-SO3H to the most active of the Ni/C-SO3H catalysts enabled nearly quantitative conversion of phenol and the highest selectivity (90%) towards cyclohexane in 6 h, at temperatures as low as 473 K, suggesting that the proximity to Ni limits the acid properties of the support. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Electronic Structure and Multisite Basicity of the Pyramidal Phosphinidene-Bridged Dimolybdenum Complex [Mo2(η(5)-C5H5)(μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-PC5H4)(η(6)-C6H3(t)Bu3)(CO)2(PMe3)].

    PubMed

    Albuerne, Isabel G; Alvarez, M Angeles; García, M Esther; García-Vivó, Daniel; Ruiz, Miguel A

    2015-10-19

    The title phosphinidene complex could be sequentially protonated with HBF4·OEt2 or [H(OEt2)2](BAr'4) to give the phosphido-bridged derivatives [Mo2Cp(μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-HPC5H4)(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe3)]X and then the hydrides [Mo2Cp(H)(μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-HPC5H4)(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe3)]X2 (X = BF4, BAr'4; Ar' = 3,5-C6H3(CF3)2; Mes* = 2,4,6-C6H2(t)Bu3). Density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed that the most favored site for initial electrophilic attack is the metallocene Mo atom, but attachment of the electrophile to the phosphinidene P atom gives more stable products. This was in agreement with all other reactions investigated, which invariably involved the attachment of the added electrophile at the P site. Thus, the title compound reacted with S8 at 223 K to give the thiophosphinidene-bridged complex [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-P(S)C5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe3)], a poorly stable molecule which reacted with MeI at room temperature to give the corresponding thiolatophosphido derivative, isolated as [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-P(SMe)C5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe3)](BAr'4) (P-S = 2.128(4) Å) after anion exchange with Na(BAr'4). Reaction of the title compound with MeI proceeded smoothly to give the corresponding methylphosphido derivative, isolated analogously as [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-P(Me)C5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe3)](BAr'4). The related complex [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-P(Me)C5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe2Ph)](BAr'4) (P-C(Me) = 1.841(5) Å) could be prepared analogously from the neutral precursor [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(1):κ(1),η(5)-PC5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2(PMe2Ph)]. In contrast, reaction of the title complex with ethylene sulfide involved opening of the C2S ring and formation of new P-C and Mo-S bonds (1.886(7) and 2.493(2) Å, respectively), with displacement of the PMe3 ligand, to give the phosphido-thiolato complex [Mo2Cp{μ-κ(2)(P,S):κ(1)P,η(5)-P(C2H4S)C5H4}(η(6)-HMes*)(CO)2]. All these derivatives of the title complex displayed an unusual

  1. Vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma with keloidal differentiation in a cat.

    PubMed

    Gumber, Sanjeev; Wakamatsu, Nobuko

    2011-09-01

    A 6-year-old Domestic Shorthair cat was presented with a history of subcutaneous mass of the lateral left hind limb. The subcutaneous mass developed over a period of approximately 16 months subsequent to administration of Feline leukemia virus vaccines. Based on the histopathological and immunohistochemical examination, the subcutaneous mass was diagnosed as vaccine-associated fibrosarcoma with keloidal differentiation.

  2. Behavioral characterization of mice lacking histamine H(3) receptors.

    PubMed

    Toyota, Hiroshi; Dugovic, Christine; Koehl, Muriel; Laposky, Aaron D; Weber, China; Ngo, Karen; Wu, Ying; Lee, Doo Hyun; Yanai, Kazuhiko; Sakurai, Eiko; Watanabe, Takehiko; Liu, Changlu; Chen, Jingcai; Barbier, Ann J; Turek, Fred W; Fung-Leung, Wai-Ping; Lovenberg, Timothy W

    2002-08-01

    Brain histamine H(3) receptors are predominantly presynaptic and serve an important autoregulatory function for the release of histamine and other neurotransmitters. They have been implicated in a variety of brain functions, including arousal, locomotor activity, thermoregulation, food intake, and memory. The recent cloning of the H(3) receptor in our laboratory has made it possible to create a transgenic line of mice devoid of H(3) receptors. This paper provides the first description of the H(3) receptor-deficient mouse (H(3)(-/-)), including molecular and pharmacologic verification of the receptor deletion as well as phenotypic screens. The H(3)(-/-) mice showed a decrease in overall locomotion, wheel-running behavior, and body temperature during the dark phase but maintained normal circadian rhythmicity. H(3)(-/-) mice were insensitive to the wake-promoting effects of the H(3) receptor antagonist thioperamide. We also observed a slightly decreased stereotypic response to the dopamine releaser, methamphetamine, and an insensitivity to the amnesic effects of the cholinergic receptor antagonist, scopolamine. These data indicate that the H(3) receptor-deficient mouse represents a valuable model for studying histaminergic regulation of a variety of behaviors and neurotransmitter systems, including dopamine and acetylcholine.

  3. Fibrosarcoma of the mandible following supravoltage irradiation. Report of a case.

    PubMed

    Moloy, P J; Kowal, K A; Siegel, W M

    1989-10-01

    Supravoltage irradiation is commonly thought not to be carcinogenic. Several recent studies question this concept, as does our case report. A 50-year-old woman with stage 1 squamous carcinoma of the left side of the tongue was treated in 1973 with 73 Gy of supravoltage irradiation. Twelve years later a painful, ulcerated lesion that eventually was shown to be fibrosarcoma developed in the contralateral mandible. The fibrosarcoma in this case fulfills all criteria for diagnosing radiation-induced neoplasia and demonstrates that supravoltage irradiation, like other forms of irradiation, can cause malignancy. The occasional occurrence of sarcoma should be recalled during follow-up of patients treated with supravoltage radiation. Similarly, the possibility of radiation-induced tumors should be considered in planning treatment for younger patients with tumors that can be treated equally well by surgery or irradiation.

  4. Dynamics of C2H 2 3 +→H++H++C 2 + investigated by 50-keV/u Ne8 + impact

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Xu, S.; Zhu, X. L.; Feng, W. T.; Guo, D. L.; Zhao, Q.; Yan, S.; Zhang, P.; Zhao, D. M.; Gao, Y.; Zhang, S. F.; Yang, J.; Ma, X.

    2018-06-01

    Breakup dynamics of C2H 2 3 + → H++H++C 2 + induced by 50-keV/u Ne8 + ion impact is investigated employing a reaction microscope. All three ionic fragments in the final state are detected in coincidence, and their momentum vectors as well as the kinetic energies are determined. The kinetic-energy correlation spectrum of the two protons displays very rich structures. Utilizing the Newton diagrams and the Dalitz plots, different dissociation mechanisms corresponding to these structures are identified. It was found that, besides the concerted and sequential breakup, fragmentation mechanisms associated with different vibration modes including molecular bending and asymmetric stretching also make significant contributions. We analyzed the correlation between different fragmentation mechanisms and the kinetic-energy release (KER) and found that the sequential process occurs with higher KER while, in contrast, the concerted process mainly contributes to the lower KER. This behavior is entirely opposite to the breakup of the CO2 molecule.

  5. Tracking Bioluminescent ETEC during In vivo BALB/c Mouse Colonization

    PubMed Central

    Rodea, Gerardo E.; Montiel-Infante, Francisco X.; Cruz-Córdova, Ariadnna; Saldaña-Ahuactzi, Zeus; Ochoa, Sara A.; Espinosa-Mazariego, Karina; Hernández-Castro, Rigoberto; Xicohtencatl-Cortes, Juan

    2017-01-01

    Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is a leading cause of diarrhea worldwide. Adhesion to the human intestinal tract is crucial for colonization. ETEC adhesive structures have been extensively studied; however, colonization dynamics remain uncharacterized. The aim of this study was to track bioluminescent ETEC during in vivo infection. The promoter region of dnaK was fused with the luc gene, resulting in the pRMkluc vector. E. coli K-12 and ETEC FMU073332 strains were electroporated with pRMkluc. E. coli K-12 pRMkluc was bioluminescent; in contrast, the E. coli K-12 control strain did not emit bioluminescence. The highest light emission was measured at 1.9 OD600 (9 h) and quantified over time. The signal was detected starting at time 0 and up to 12 h. Streptomycin-treated BALB/c mice were orogastrically inoculated with either ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc or E. coli K-12 pRMkluc (control), and bacterial colonization was determined by measuring bacterial shedding in the feces. ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc shedding started and stopped after inoculation of the control strain, indicating that mouse intestinal colonization by ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc lasted longer than colonization by the control. The bioluminescence signal of ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc was captured starting at the time of inoculation until 12 h after inoculation. The bioluminescent signal emitted by ETEC FMU073332 pRMkluc in the proximal mouse ileum was located, and the control signal was identified in the cecum. The detection of maximal light emission and bioluminescence duration allowed us to follow ETEC during in vivo infection. ETEC showed an enhanced colonization and tropism in the mouse intestine compared with those in the control strain. Here, we report the first study of ETEC colonization in the mouse intestine accompanied by in vivo imaging. PMID:28560186

  6. LC3-mediated fibronectin mRNA translation induces fibrosarcoma growth by increasing connective tissue growth factor

    PubMed Central

    Ying, Lihua; Lau, Agatha; Alvira, Cristina M.; West, Robert; Cann, Gordon M.; Zhou, Bin; Kinnear, Caroline; Jan, Eric; Sarnow, Peter; Van de Rijn, Matt; Rabinovitch, Marlene

    2009-01-01

    Summary Previously, we related fibronectin (Fn1) mRNA translation to an interaction between an AU-rich element in the Fn1 3′ UTR and light chain 3 (LC3) of microtubule-associated proteins 1A and 1B. Since human fibrosarcoma (HT1080) cells produce little fibronectin and LC3, we used these cells to investigate how LC3-mediated Fn1 mRNA translation might alter tumor growth. Transfection of HT1080 cells with LC3 enhanced fibronectin mRNA translation. Using polysome analysis and RNA-binding assays, we show that elevated levels of translation depend on an interaction between a triple arginine motif in LC3 and the AU-rich element in Fn1 mRNA. Wild-type but not mutant LC3 accelerated HT1080 cell growth in culture and when implanted in SCID mice. Comparison of WT LC3 with vector-transfected HT1080 cells revealed increased fibronectin-dependent proliferation, adhesion and invasion. Microarray analysis of genes differentially expressed in WT and vector-transfected control cells indicated enhanced expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Using siRNA, we show that enhanced expression of CTGF is fibronectin dependent and that LC3-mediated adhesion, invasion and proliferation are CTGF dependent. Expression profiling of soft tissue tumors revealed increased expression of both LC3 and CTGF in some locally invasive tumor types. PMID:19366727

  7. Glucose- and Cellulose-Derived Ni/C-SO3H Catalysts for Liquid Phase Phenol Hydrodeoxygenation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kasakov, Stanislav; Zhao, Chen; Barath, Eszter

    2015-01-19

    Sulfonated carbons were explored as functionalized supports for Ni nanoparticles to hydrodeoxygenate (HDO) phenol. Both hexadecane and water were used as solvents. The dual-functional Ni catalysts supported on sulfonated carbon (Ni/C-SO3H) showed high rates for phenol hydrodeoxygenation in liquid hexadecane, but not in water. Glucose and cellulose were precursors to the carbon supports. Changes in the carbons resulting from sulfonation of the carbons resulted in variations of carbon sheet structures, morphologies and the surface concentrations of acid sites. While the C-SO3H supports were active for cyclohexanol dehydration in hexadecane and water, Ni/C-SO3H only catalyzed the reduction of phenol to cyclohexanolmore » in water. The state of 3 – 5 nm grafted Ni particles was analyzed by in situ X-ray absorption spectroscopy. The results show that the metallic Ni was rapidly formed in situ without detectable leaching to the aqueous phase, suggesting that just the acid functions on Ni/C-SO3H are inhibited in presence of water. Using in situ IR spectroscopy, it was shown that even in hexadecane, phenol HDO is limited by the dehydration step. Thus, phenol HDO catalysis was further improved by physically admixing C-SO3H with the Ni/C-SO3H catalyst to balance the two catalytic functions. The minimum addition of 7 wt.% C-SO3H to the most active of the Ni/C-SO3H catalysts enabled nearly quantitative conversion of phenol and the highest selectivity (90%) towards cyclohexane in 6 h, at temperatures as low as 473 K, suggesting that the proximity to Ni limits the acid properties of the support.« less

  8. Preliminary crystallographic analysis of mouse Elf3 C-terminal DNA-binding domain in complex with type II TGF-[beta] receptor promoter DNA

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Agarkar, Vinod B.; Babayeva, Nigar D.; Rizzino, Angie

    2010-10-08

    Ets proteins are transcription factors that activate or repress the expression of genes that are involved in various biological processes, including cellular proliferation, differentiation, development, transformation and apoptosis. Like other Ets-family members, Elf3 functions as a sequence-specific DNA-binding transcriptional factor. A mouse Elf3 C-terminal fragment (amino-acid residues 269-371) containing the DNA-binding domain has been crystallized in complex with mouse type II TGF-{beta} receptor promoter (TR-II) DNA. The crystals belonged to space group P2{sub 1}2{sub 1}2{sub 1}, with unit-cell parameters a = 42.66, b = 52, c = 99.78 {angstrom}, and diffracted to a resolution of 2.2 {angstrom}.

  9. NQRS Data for C7H8Cl3Osb (Subst. No. 1005)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

    This document is part of Subvolume A `Substances Containing Ag … C10H15' of Volume 48 `Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III `Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section `3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter `3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C7H8Cl3OSb (Subst. No. 1005)

  10. C incorporation and segregation during Si 1- yC y/Si( 0 0 1 ) gas-source molecular beam epitaxy from Si 2H 6 and CH 3SiH 3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Foo, Y. L.; Bratland, K. A.; Cho, B.; Soares, J. A. N. T.; Desjardins, P.; Greene, J. E.

    2002-08-01

    We have used in situ D 2 temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) to probe C incorporation and surface segregation kinetics, as well as hydrogen desorption pathways, during Si 1- yC y(0 0 1) gas-source molecular beam epitaxy from Si 2H 6/CH 3SiH 3 mixtures at temperatures Ts between 500 and 650 °C. Parallel D 2 TPD results from C-adsorbed Si(0 0 1) wafers exposed to varying CH 3SiH 3 doses serve as reference data. Si 1- yC y(0 0 1) layer spectra consist of three peaks: first-order β 1 at 515 °C and second-order β 2 at 405 °C, due to D 2 desorption from Si monodeuteride and dideuteride phases, as well as a new second-order C-induced γ 1 peak at 480 °C. C-adsorbed Si(0 0 1) samples with very high CH 3SiH 3 exposures yielded a higher-temperature TPD feature, corresponding to D 2 desorption from surface C atoms, which was never observed in Si 1- yC y(0 0 1) layer spectra. The Si 1- yC y(0 0 1) γ 1 peak arises due to desorption from Si monodeuteride species with C backbonds. γ 1 occurs at a lower temperature than β 1 reflecting the lower D-Si * bond strength, where Si * represents surface Si atoms bonded to second-layer C atoms, as a result of charge transfer from dangling bonds. The total integrated monohydride (β 1+γ 1) intensity, and hence the dangling bond density, remains constant with y indicating that C does not deactivate surface dangling bonds as it segregates to the second-layer during Si 1- yC y(0 0 1) growth. Si * coverages increase with y at constant Ts and with Ts at constant y. The positive Ts-dependence shows that C segregation is kinetically limited at Ts⩽650 °C. D 2 desorption activation energies from β 1, γ 1 and β 2 sites are 2.52, 2.22 and 1.88 eV.

  11. The C Terminus of the Histone Chaperone Asf1 Cross-Links to Histone H3 in Yeast and Promotes Interaction with Histones H3 and H4

    PubMed Central

    Dennehey, Briana K.; Noone, Seth; Liu, Wallace H.; Smith, Luke

    2013-01-01

    The central histone H3/H4 chaperone Asf1 comprises a highly conserved globular core and a divergent C-terminal tail. While the function and structure of the Asf1 core are well known, the function of the tail is less well understood. Here, we have explored the role of the yeast (yAsf1) and human (hAsf1a and hAsf1b) Asf1 tails in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show, using a photoreactive, unnatural amino acid, that Asf1 tail residue 210 cross-links to histone H3 in vivo and, further, that loss of C-terminal tail residues 211 to 279 weakens yAsf1-histone binding affinity in vitro nearly 200-fold. Via several yAsf1 C-terminal truncations and yeast-human chimeric proteins, we found that truncations at residue 210 increase transcriptional silencing and that the hAsf1a tail partially substitutes for full-length yAsf1 with respect to silencing but that full-length hAsf1b is a better overall substitute for full-length yAsf1. In addition, we show that the C-terminal tail of Asf1 is phosphorylated at T270 in yeast. Loss of this phosphorylation site does not prevent coimmunoprecipitation of yAsf1 and Rad53 from yeast extracts, whereas amino acid residue substitutions at the Asf1-histone H3/H4 interface do. Finally, we show that residue substitutions in yAsf1 near the CAF-1/HIRA interface also influence yAsf1's function in silencing. PMID:23184661

  12. Automated video analysis system reveals distinct diurnal behaviors in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN mice.

    PubMed

    Adamah-Biassi, E B; Stepien, I; Hudson, R L; Dubocovich, M L

    2013-04-15

    Advances in rodent behavior dissection using automated video recording and analysis allows detailed phenotyping. This study compared and contrasted 15 diurnal behaviors recorded continuously using an automated behavioral analysis system for a period of 14 days under a 14/10 light/dark cycle in single housed C3H/HeN (C3H) or C57BL/6 (C57) male mice. Diurnal behaviors, recorded with minimal experimental interference and analyzed using phenotypic array and temporal distribution analysis showed bimodal and unimodal profiles in the C57 and C3H mice, respectively. Phenotypic array analysis revealed distinct behavioral rhythms in Activity-Like Behaviors (i.e. walk, hang, jump, come down) (ALB), Exploration-Like Behaviors (i.e. dig, groom, rear up, sniff, stretch) (ELB), Ingestion-Like Behaviors (i.e. drink, eat) (ILB) and Resting-Like Behaviors (i.e. awake, remain low, rest, twitch) (RLB) of C3H and C57 mice. Temporal distribution analysis demonstrated that strain and time of day affects the magnitude and distribution of the spontaneous homecage behaviors. Wheel running activity, water and food measurements correlated with timing of homecage behaviors. Subcutaneous (3 mg/kg, sc) or oral (0.02 mg/ml, oral) melatonin treatments in C57 mice did not modify either the total 24 h magnitude or temporal distribution of homecage behaviors when compared with vehicle treatments. We conclude that C3H and C57 mice show different spontaneous activity and behavioral rhythms specifically during the night period which are not modulated by melatonin. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  13. Transcription precedes loss of Xist coating and depletion of H3K27me3 during X-chromosome reprogramming in the mouse inner cell mass

    PubMed Central

    Williams, Lucy H.; Kalantry, Sundeep; Starmer, Joshua; Magnuson, Terry

    2011-01-01

    Repression of Xist RNA expression is considered a prerequisite to reversal of X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in the mouse inner cell mass (ICM), and reactivation of X-linked genes is thought to follow loss of Xist RNA coating and heterochromatic markers of inactivation, such as methylation of histone H3. We analyzed X-chromosome activity in developing ICMs and show that reactivation of gene expression from the inactive-X initiates in the presence of Xist coating and H3K27me3. Furthermore, depletion of Xist RNA coating through forced upregulation of NANOG does not result in altered reactivation kinetics. Taken together, our observations suggest that in the ICM, X-linked gene transcription and Xist coating are uncoupled. These data fundamentally alter our perception of the reactivation process and support the existence of a mechanism to reactivate Xp-linked genes in the ICM that operates independently of loss of Xist RNA and H3K27me3 from the imprinted inactive-X. PMID:21471155

  14. Rhodium(III)-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles with internal alkynes through C(sp²)-H/alkene functionalization.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Ming-Bo; Pi, Rui; Hu, Ming; Yang, Yuan; Song, Ren-Jie; Xia, Yuanzhi; Li, Jin-Heng

    2014-10-13

    This study describes a new rhodium(III)-catalyzed [3+2] annulation of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles with internal alkynes using a Cu(OAc)2 oxidant for building a spirocyclic ring system, which includes the functionalization of an aryl C(sp(2))-H bond and addition/protonolysis of an alkene C=C bond. This method is applicable to a wide range of 5-aryl-2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrroles and internal alkynes, and results in the assembly of the spiro[indene-1,2'-pyrrolidine] architectures in good yields with excellent regioselectivities. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  15. Field-induced spin splitting and anomalous photoluminescence circular polarization in C H3N H3Pb I3 films at high magnetic field

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhang, Chuang; Sun, Dali; Yu, Zhi-Gang; Sheng, Chuan-Xiang; McGill, Stephen; Semenov, Dmitry; Vardeny, Zeev Valy

    2018-04-01

    The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites show excellent optical and electrical properties for photovoltaic and a myriad of other optoelectronics applications. Using high-field magneto-optical measurements up to 17.5 T at cryogenic temperatures, we have studied the spin-dependent optical transitions in the prototype C H3N H3Pb I3 , which are manifested in the field-induced circularly polarized photoluminescence emission. The energy splitting between left and right circularly polarized emission bands is measured to be ˜1.5 meV at 17.5 T, from which we obtained an exciton effective g factor of ˜1.32. Also from the photoluminescence diamagnetic shift we estimate the exciton binding energy to be ˜17 meV at low temperature. Surprisingly, the corresponding field-induced circular polarization is "anomalous" in that the photoluminescence emission of the higher split energy band is stronger than that of the lower split band. This "reversed" intensity ratio originates from the combination of long electron spin relaxation time and hole negative g factor in C H3N H3Pb I3 , which are in agreement with a model based on the k.p effective-mass approximation.

  16. Hyperbaric pressure effects measured by growth of a transplantable tumor in the C3H/HeN mouse.

    PubMed

    Herndon, B L; Lally, J J

    1984-09-01

    Both hypobaric exposure at 0.5 atmospheres absolute (ATA) and hyperbaric pressure exposure at 3.5-8 ATA slowed transplantable tumor growth. These experiments detailed the hyperbaric pressure exposure. C3H/HeN-MTV+ mice, bearing the 16/C transplantable murine mammary adenocarcinoma and exposed to 18 days' treatment by a hyperbaric chamber at 3.5-8 ATA, had tumor weights that averaged 50-75% less than the tumor weights in mice caged at ambient ("sea level") pressure. A series of experiments was run to investigate this response to hyperbaric pressure exposure. After mice underwent continuous exposure to 3.5-8 ATA normoxic (normal oxygen) hyperbaric pressure with use of either argon or nitrogen inert gas, which began 3 days after tumor inoculation, tumors were removed at about 3 weeks' growth from these pressure-exposed mice and measured for growth by weighing. Final tumor weight in pressure-exposed experimental mice was significantly less than tumor weight in paired groups of tumor-bearing controls that received no hyperbaric pressure. Tumor weight was inversely related to pressure "dose," although the small pressure range produced an effect at all pressures used. The number of compression-decompression cycles to which the animals were subjected, however, was related positively to tumor weight at necropsy. Continued tumor growth in mice subjected to frequent pressure change (in conjunction with pressure exposure that otherwise limited tumor size) was unexplained by these experiments. The greatest difference between tumor weights in controls and pressure-exposed animals was seen with 2 weeks' continuous pressure exposure. A limited profile of blood tests was performed, and these reflected only minor, expected change in the pressure-exposed experimental animals. The data at hand did not suggest a mechanism by which chronic normoxic hyperbaric pressure limited tumor size.

  17. VizieR Online Data Catalog: H2, D2, and HD c3Πu;

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Liu, X.; Shemansky, D. E.; Yoshii, J.; Liu, M. J.; Johnson, P. V.; Malone, C. P.; Khakoo, M. A.

    2017-11-01

    The c3{Pi}u state of the hydrogen molecule has the triplet-state excitation cross-section, and plays an important role in the heating of the upper thermospheres of outer planets by electron excitation. Precise energies of the H2, D2, and HD c3{Pi}u-(v,N) levels are calculated from highly accurate ab initio potential energy curves that include relativistic, radiative, and empirical non-adiabatic corrections. The emission yields are determined from predissociation rates and refined radiative transition probabilities. The excitation function and excitation cross-section of the c3{Pi}u state are extracted from previous theoretical calculations and experimental measurements. The emission cross-section is determined from the calculated emission yield and the extracted excitation cross-section. The kinetic energy (Ek) distributions of H atoms produced via the predissociation of the c3{Pi}u state, the c3{Pi}u--b3{Sigma}u+ dissociative emission by the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole, and the c3{Pi}u-a3{Sigma}g+-b3{Sigma}u+ cascade dissociative emission by the electric dipole are obtained. The predissociation of the c3{Pi}u+ and c3{Pi}u- states both produce H(1s) atoms with an average Ek of ~4.1eV/atom, while the c3{Pi}u--b3{Sigma}u+ dissociative emissions by the magnetic dipole and electric quadrupole give an average Ek of ~1.0 and ~0.8eV/atom, respectively. The c3{Pi}u-a3{Sigma}g+-b3{Sigma}u+ cascade and dissociative emission gives an average Ek of ~1.3 eV/atom. On average, each H2 excited to the c3{Pi}u state in an H2-dominated atmosphere deposits ~7.1eV into the atmosphere while each H2 directly excited to the a3{Sigma}g+ and d3{Pi}u states contribute ~2.3 and ~3.3eV, respectively, to the atmosphere. The spectral distribution of the calculated continuum emission arising from the X1{Sigma}g+-c3{Pi}u excitation is significantly different from that of direct a3{Sigma}g+ or d3{Pi}u excitations. (5 data files).

  18. Ansa-Complexes of [Mn(η(5) -C5 H5 )(η(6) -C6 H6 )]: Preparation, Characterization, and Reactivity of [n]Manganoarenophanes (n=1, 2, 3).

    PubMed

    Braunschweig, Holger; Damme, Alexander; Dück, Klaus; Fuß, Marco; Hörl, Christian; Kramer, Thomas; Krummenacher, Ivo; Kupfer, Thomas; Paprocki, Valerie; Schneider, Christoph

    2015-10-12

    We report the synthesis of [n]manganoarenophanes (n=1, 2) featuring boron, silicon, germanium, and tin as ansa-bridging elements. Their preparation was achieved by salt-elimination reactions of the dilithiated precursor [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 Li)(η(6) -C6 H5 Li)]⋅pmdta (pmdta=N,N,N',N',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) with corresponding element dichlorides. Besides characterization by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis, the identity of two single-atom-bridged derivatives, [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(6) -C6 H5 )SntBu2 ] and [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(6) -C6 H5 )SiPh2 ], could also be determined by X-ray structural analysis. We investigated for the first time the reactivity of these ansa-cyclopentadienyl-benzene manganese compounds. The reaction of the distannyl-bridged complex [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(6) -C6 H5 )Sn2 tBu4 ] with elemental sulfur was shown to proceed through the expected oxidative addition of the Sn-Sn bond to give a triatomic ansa-bridge. The investigation of the ring-opening polymerization (ROP) capability of [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(6) -C6 H5 )SntBu2 ] with [Pt(PEt3 )3 ] showed that an unexpected, unselective insertion into the Cipso -Sn bonds of [Mn(η(5) -C5 H4 )(η(6) -C6 H5 )SntBu2 ] had occurred. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  19. Fibrosarcoma arising at the site of a retained surgical sponge in a cat.

    PubMed

    Haddad, Jamie L; Goldschmidt, Michael H; Patel, Reema T

    2010-06-01

    An 8-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat had an abdominal mass palpated as an incidental finding on physical examination. Cytologic findings in ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspirates of the mass were most compatible with a sarcoma, with abundant mineralized material and mixed inflammation. The mass was removed surgically and on gross examination was white-tan, firm, associated with the mesentery, and when transected contained a gauze sponge in its center. On histopathologic examination, an area of central necrosis with mineralization and numerous refractile fibers consistent with sponge material was surrounded by dense fibrous connective tissue (gossypiboma). Within the connective tissue was a population of highly pleomorphic spindle cells consistent with a fibrosarcoma. Immunohistochemically, most neoplastic cells stained strongly positive for vimentin and a low number of cells were positive for smooth muscle actin. The results were consistent with a fibrosarcoma arising at the site of a retained surgical sponge. At a follow-up visit 2 months postoperatively, ultrasonographic and cytologic evidence of metastasis was found in the spleen and mesentery. To our knowledge, this is the first report of malignant transformation at the site of a retained surgical sponge in a cat and the first report of a fibrosarcoma arising within a gossypiboma in a domestic animal.

  20. Heparin and cAMP modulators interact during pre-in vitro maturation to affect mouse and human oocyte meiosis and developmental competence.

    PubMed

    Zeng, Hai-tao; Ren, Zi; Guzman, Luis; Wang, Xiaoqian; Sutton-McDowall, Melanie L; Ritter, Lesley J; De Vos, Michel; Smitz, Johan; Thompson, Jeremy G; Gilchrist, Robert B

    2013-06-01

    Does heparin ablate the advantageous effects of cyclic adenosine mono-phosphate (cAMP) modulators during pre-in vitro maturation (IVM) and have a deleterious effect in standard oocyte IVM? Heparin interrupts energy metabolism and meiotic progression and adversely affects subsequent development of oocytes under conditions of elevated cAMP levels in cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) after pre-IVM treatment with forskolin. In animal IVM studies, artificial regulation of meiotic resumption by cAMP-elevating agents improves subsequent oocyte developmental competence. Heparin has no effect on spontaneous, FSH- or epidermal growth factor (EGF)-stimulated meiotic maturation. An in vitro cross-sectional study was conducted using immature mouse and human COCs. Depending on individual experimental design, COCs were treated during pre-IVM with or without heparin, in the presence or absence of forskolin and/or 3-isobutyl-1-methylxanthine (IBMX), and then COC function was assessed by various means. Forty-two women with polycystic ovaries (PCOs) or polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) donated COCs after oocyte retrieval in a non-hCG-triggered IVM cycle. COCs were collected in pre-IVM treatments and then cultured for 40 h and meiotic progression was assessed. COCs from 21- to 24-day-old female CBA F1 mice were collected 46 h after stimulation with equine chorionic gonadotrophin. Following treatments, COCs were checked for meiotic progression. Effects on mouse oocyte metabolism were measured by assessing oocyte mitochondrial membrane potential using JC-1 staining and oocyte ATP content. Post-IVM mouse oocyte developmental competence was assessed by in vitro fertilization and embryo production. Blastocyst quality was evaluated by differential staining of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) layers. In the absence of heparin in pre-IVM culture, the addition of cAMP modulators did not affect human oocyte MII competence after 40 h. In standard IVM, heparin supplementation in pre

  1. The DNA methylation profile of liver tumors in C3H mice and identification of differentially methylated regions involved in the regulation of tumorigenic genes.

    PubMed

    Matsushita, Junya; Okamura, Kazuyuki; Nakabayashi, Kazuhiko; Suzuki, Takehiro; Horibe, Yu; Kawai, Tomoko; Sakurai, Toshihiro; Yamashita, Satoshi; Higami, Yoshikazu; Ichihara, Gaku; Hata, Kenichiro; Nohara, Keiko

    2018-03-22

    C3H mice have been frequently used in cancer studies as animal models of spontaneous liver tumors and chemically induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, are among pivotal control mechanisms of gene expression leading to carcinogenesis. Although information on somatic mutations in liver tumors of C3H mice is available, epigenetic aspects are yet to be clarified. We performed next generation sequencing-based analysis of DNA methylation and microarray analysis of gene expression to explore genes regulated by DNA methylation in spontaneous liver tumors of C3H mice. Overlaying these data, we selected cancer-related genes whose expressions are inversely correlated with DNA methylation levels in the associated differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located around transcription start sites (TSSs) (promoter DMRs). We further assessed mutuality of the selected genes for expression and DNA methylation in human HCC using the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We obtained data on genome-wide DNA methylation profiles in the normal and tumor livers of C3H mice. We identified promoter DMRs of genes which are reported to be related to cancer and whose expressions are inversely correlated with the DNA methylation, including Mst1r, Slpi and Extl1. The association between DNA methylation and gene expression was confirmed using a DNA methylation inhibitor 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-dC) in Hepa1c1c7 cells and Hepa1-6 cells. Overexpression of Mst1r in Hepa1c1c7 cells illuminated a novel downstream pathway via IL-33 upregulation. Database search indicated that gene expressions of Mst1r and Slpi are upregulated and the TSS upstream regions are hypomethylated also in human HCC. These results suggest that DMRs, including those of Mst1r and Slpi, are involved in liver tumorigenesis in C3H mice, and also possibly in human HCC. Our study clarified genome wide DNA methylation landscape of C3H mice. The data provide useful information

  2. Evaluation of (188)Re-labeled NGR-VEGI protein for radioimaging and radiotherapy in mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts.

    PubMed

    Ma, Wenhui; Shao, Yahui; Yang, Weidong; Li, Guiyu; Zhang, Yingqi; Zhang, Mingru; Zuo, Changjing; Chen, Kai; Wang, Jing

    2016-07-01

    Vascular endothelial growth inhibitor (VEGI) is an anti-angiogenic protein, which includes three isoforms: VEGI-174, VEGI-192, and VEGI-251. The NGR (asparagine-glycine-arginine)-containing peptides can specifically bind to CD13 (Aminopeptidase N) receptor which is overexpressed in angiogenic blood vessels and tumor cells. In this study, a novel NGR-VEGI fusion protein was prepared and labeled with (188)Re for radioimaging and radiotherapy in mice bearing human fibrosarcoma HT-1080 xenografts. Single photon emission computerized tomography (SPECT) imaging results revealed that (188)Re-NGR-VEGI exhibits good tumor-to-background contrast in CD13-positive HT-1080 tumor xenografts. The CD13 specificity of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI was further verified by significant reduction of tumor uptake in HT-1080 tumor xenografts with co-injection of the non-radiolabeled NGR-VEGI protein. The biodistribution results demonstrated good tumor-to-muscle ratio (4.98 ± 0.25) of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI at 24 h, which is consistent with the results from SPECT imaging. For radiotherapy, 18.5 MBq of (188)Re-NGR-VEGI showed excellent tumor inhibition effect in HT-1080 tumor xenografts with no observable toxicity, which was confirmed by the tumor size change and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of major mouse organs. In conclusion, these data demonstrated that (188)Re-NGR-VEGI has the potential as a theranostic agent for CD13-targeted tumor imaging and therapy.

  3. Effects of gaseous ammonia on intracellular pH values in leaves of C 3- and C 4-plants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yin, Zu-Hua; Kaiser, Werner; Heber, Ulrich; Raven, John A.

    Responses of cytosolic and vacuolar pH to different concentrations (1.3-5.4 μmol NH 3 mol -1 gas or 0.940-3.825 mg NH 3 m -3 gas) of gaseous NH 3 were studied in experiments of 3 h duration by recording changes in fluorescence of pyranine and esculin in leaves of C 3 and C 4 plants. After a lag phase of 0.5-4 min, the uptake of NH 3 at 50-200 nmol m -2 leaf area s -1 increased pyranine fluorescence, indicating cytosolic alkalinization in leaves of Pelargonium zonale L. (C 3) and Amaranthus caudatus L. (C 4). A smaller increase in esculin fluorescence induced by NH 3 indicated some vacuolar alkalization in a Spinacia oleracea L. leaf. Photosynthesis and transpiration remained unchanged during exposure of illuminated leaves to NH 3 for up to 30 min (the maximum tested). CO 2 concentrations influenced the extent of cytosolic alkalinization. 500 μmol CO 2 mol -1 gas suppressed the NH 3-induced cytosolic alkalinization relative to that found in 16 μmol CO 2 mol -1 gas. The suppressing effect of CO 2 on NH 3-induced alkalization was larger in illuminated leaves of the C 4Amaranthus than the C 3Pelargonium. These results indicate that the alkaline pH shift caused by solution and protonation of NH 3 in aqueous leaf compartments is affected by assimilation of NH 3.

  4. Sinonasal fibrosarcoma: a case report.

    PubMed

    Plaza, G; Ferrando, J; Pinedo, F

    2006-07-01

    Sinonasal fibrosarcoma (SFS) is an infrequent malignant neoplasm. It usually presents as other sarcomas in this region, with nasal obstruction and epistaxis. The final diagnosis is based on the histopathology and immunohistochemistry. We report the case of a 58-year-old man with an 8-month history of left proptosis, recurrent epistaxis and nasal obstruction. Nasal endoscopy confirmed a left nasal neoplasia. CT and MRI showed the extension of the neoplasia, occupying the left nasal fossa and ethmoid sinuses, and eroding the medial wall of the orbit. Complete removal was achieved through endoscopic sinus surgery, preserving the orbit. SFS was found on histopathologic examination. After 4 years of follow-up, nasal endoscopy, CT and MRI imaging show no sign of recurrence.

  5. H3 Thr3 phosphorylation is crucial for meiotic resumption and anaphase onset in oocyte meiosis

    PubMed Central

    Wang, Qian; Wei, Haojie; Du, Juan; Cao, Yan; Zhang, Nana; Liu, Xiaoyun; Liu, Xiaoyu; Chen, Dandan; Ma, Wei

    2016-01-01

    Abstract Haspin-catalyzed histone H3 threonine 3 (Thr3) phosphorylation facilitates chromosomal passenger complex (CPC) docking at centromeres, regulating indirectly chromosome behavior during somatic mitosis. It is not fully known about the expression and function of H3 with phosphorylated Thr3 (H3T3-P) during meiosis in oocytes. In this study, we investigated the expression and sub-cellular distribution of H3T3-P, as well as its function in mouse oocytes during meiotic division. Western blot analysis revealed that H3T3-P expression was only detected after germinal vesicle breakdown (GVBD), and gradually increased to peak level at metaphase I (MI), but sharply decreased at metaphase II (MII). Immunofluorescence showed H3T3-P was only brightly labeled on chromosomes after GVBD, with relatively high concentration across the whole chromosome axis from pro-metaphase I (pro-MI) to MI. Specially, H3T3-P distribution was exclusively limited to the local space between sister centromeres at MII stage. Haspin inhibitor, 5-iodotubercidin (5-ITu), dose- and time-dependently blocked H3T3-P expression in mouse oocytes. H3T3-P inhibition delayed the resumption of meiosis (GVBD) and chromatin condensation. Moreover, the loss of H3T3-P speeded up the meiotic transition to MII of pro-MI oocytes in spite of the presence of non-aligned chromosomes, even reversed MI-arrest induced with Nocodazole. The inhibition of H3T3-P expression distinguishably damaged MAD1 recruitment on centromeres, which indicates the spindle assembly checkpoint was impaired in function, logically explaining the premature onset of anaphase I. Therefore, Haspin-catalyzed histone H3 phosphorylation is essential for chromatin condensation and the following timely transition from meiosis I to meiosis II in mouse oocytes during meiotic division. PMID:26636626

  6. Acetyl-l-carnitine partially prevents benzene-induced hematotoxicity and oxidative stress in C3H/He mice.

    PubMed

    Sun, Rongli; Zhang, Juan; Wei, Haiyan; Meng, Xing; Ding, Qin; Sun, Fengxia; Cao, Meng; Yin, Lihong; Pu, Yuepu

    2017-04-01

    Benzene is an environmental pollutant and occupational toxicant which induces hematotoxicity. Our previous metabonomics study suggested that acetyl-l-carnitine (ALCAR) decreased in the mouse plasma and bone marrow (BM) cells due to benzene exposure. In the present study, the topic on whether ALCAR influences hematotoxicity caused by benzene exposure was explored. Thirty-two male C3H/He mice were divided into four groups: control group (C: vehicle, oil), benzene group (150mg/kg body weight (b.w.) benzene), benzene+A1 group (150mg/kg b.w. benzene+100mg/kg b.w. ALCAR), and benzene+A2 group (150mg/kg b.w. benzene+200mg/kg b.w. ALCAR). Benzene was injected subcutaneously, and ALCAR was orally administrated via gavage once daily for 4 weeks consecutively. After the experimental period, the blood routine, BM cell number and frequency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell (HS/PC) were assessed. The mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP level were determined to evaluate the mitochondrial function. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were also examined, and the comet assay was performed to measure oxidative stress. Results showed that ALCAR intervention can partially reduce the benzene-induced damage on BM and HS/PCs and can simultaneously alleviate the DNA damage by reducing benzene-induced H 2 O 2, ROS, and MDA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  7. The C-H Stretching Features at 3.2--3.5 μm of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons with Aliphatic Sidegroups

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yang, X. J.; Li, Aigen; Glaser, R.; Zhong, J. X.

    2016-07-01

    The so-called “unidentified” infrared emission (UIE) features at 3.3, 6.2, 7.7, 8.6, and 11.3 μm are ubiquitously seen in a wide variety of astrophysical regions. The UIE features are characteristic of the stretching and bending vibrations of aromatic hydrocarbon materials, e.g., polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) molecules. The 3.3 μm aromatic C-H stretching feature is often accompanied by a weaker feature at 3.4 μm. The latter is generally thought to result from the C-H stretch of aliphatic groups attached to the aromatic systems. The ratio of the observed intensity of the 3.3 μm aromatic C-H feature to that of the 3.4 μm aliphatic C-H feature allows one to estimate the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers, provided that the intrinsic oscillator strengths of the 3.3 μm aromatic C-H stretch ({A}3.3) and the 3.4 μm aliphatic C-H stretch ({A}3.4) are known. While previous studies on the aliphatic fraction of the UIE carriers were mostly based on the {A}3.4/{A}3.3 ratios derived from the mono-methyl derivatives of small PAH molecules, in this work we employ density functional theory to compute the infrared vibrational spectra of PAH molecules with a wide range of sidegroups including ethyl, propyl, butyl, and several unsaturated alkyl chains, as well as all the isomers of dimethyl-substituted pyrene. We find that, except for PAHs with unsaturated alkyl chains, the corresponding {A}3.4/{A}3.3 ratios are close to that of mono-methyl PAHs. This confirms the predominantly aromatic nature of the UIE carriers previously inferred from the {A}3.4/{A}3.3 ratio derived from mono-methyl PAHs.

  8. In vivo 13C MRS in the mouse brain at 14.1 Tesla and metabolic flux quantification under infusion of [1,6-13C2]glucose.

    PubMed

    Lai, Marta; Lanz, Bernard; Poitry-Yamate, Carole; Romero, Jackeline F; Berset, Corina M; Cudalbu, Cristina; Gruetter, Rolf

    2017-01-01

    In vivo 13 C magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) enables the investigation of cerebral metabolic compartmentation while, e.g. infusing 13 C-labeled glucose. Metabolic flux analysis of 13 C turnover previously yielded quantitative information of glutamate and glutamine metabolism in humans and rats, while the application to in vivo mouse brain remains exceedingly challenging. In the present study, 13 C direct detection at 14.1 T provided highly resolved in vivo spectra of the mouse brain while infusing [1,6- 13 C 2 ]glucose for up to 5 h. 13 C incorporation to glutamate and glutamine C4, C3, and C2 and aspartate C3 were detected dynamically and fitted to a two-compartment model: flux estimation of neuron-glial metabolism included tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) flux in astrocytes (V g  = 0.16 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min) and neurons (V TCA n  = 0.56 ± 0.03 µmol/g/min), pyruvate carboxylase activity (V PC  = 0.041 ± 0.003 µmol/g/min) and neurotransmission rate (V NT  = 0.084 ± 0.008 µmol/g/min), resulting in a cerebral metabolic rate of glucose (CMR glc ) of 0.38 ± 0.02 µmol/g/min, in excellent agreement with that determined with concomitant 18 F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography ( 18 FDG PET).We conclude that modeling of neuron-glial metabolism in vivo is accessible in the mouse brain from 13 C direct detection with an unprecedented spatial resolution under [1,6- 13 C 2 ]glucose infusion.

  9. Fbw7 promotes ubiquitin-dependent degradation of c-Myb: involvement of GSK3-mediated phosphorylation of Thr-572 in mouse c-Myb.

    PubMed

    Kitagawa, K; Hiramatsu, Y; Uchida, C; Isobe, T; Hattori, T; Oda, T; Shibata, K; Nakamura, S; Kikuchi, A; Kitagawa, M

    2009-06-25

    Expression of oncoprotein c-Myb oscillates during hematopoiesis and hematological malignancies. Its quantity is not only regulated through transcriptional control but also through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, accompanied by phosphorylation, although the mechanisms are poorly understood. In this report, we tried to identify an E3 ubiquitin ligase, which targets c-Myb for ubiquitin-dependent degradation. We found that an F-box protein, Fbw7, interacted with c-Myb, which is mutated in numerous cancers. Fbw7 facilitated ubiquitylation and degradation of c-Myb in intact cells. Moreover, depletion of Fbw7 by RNA interference delayed turnover and increased the abundance of c-Myb in myeloid leukemia cells concomitantly, and suppressed the transcriptional level of gamma-globin, which receives transcriptional repression from c-Myb. In addition, we analysed sites required for both ubiquitylation and degradation of c-Myb. We found that Thr-572 is critical for Fbw7-mediated ubiquitylation in mouse c-Myb using site-directed mutagenesis. Fbw7 recognized the phosphorylation of Thr-572, which was mediated by glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3). In consequence, the c-Myb protein was markedly stabilized by the substitution of Thr-572 to Ala. These observations suggest that SCF(Fbw7) ubiquitin ligase regulates phosphorylation-dependent degradation of c-Myb protein.

  10. Redox-neutral rhodium-catalyzed C-H functionalization of arylamine N-oxides with diazo compounds: primary C(sp(3))-H/C(sp(2))-H activation and oxygen-atom transfer.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Bing; Chen, Zhaoqiang; Yang, Yaxi; Ai, Wen; Tang, Huanyu; Wu, Yunxiang; Zhu, Weiliang; Li, Yuanchao

    2015-10-05

    An unprecedented rhodium(III)-catalyzed regioselective redox-neutral annulation reaction of 1-naphthylamine N-oxides with diazo compounds was developed to afford various biologically important 1H-benzo[g]indolines. This coupling reaction proceeds under mild reaction conditions and does not require external oxidants. The only by-products are dinitrogen and water. More significantly, this reaction represents the first example of dual functiaonalization of unactivated a primary C(sp(3) )H bond and C(sp(2) )H bond with diazocarbonyl compounds. DFT calculations revealed that an intermediate iminium is most likely involved in the catalytic cycle. Moreover, a rhodium(III)-catalyzed coupling of readily available tertiary aniline N-oxides with α-diazomalonates was also developed under external oxidant-free conditions to access various aminomandelic acid derivatives by an O-atom-transfer reaction. © 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  11. Tellurium(0) as a ligand: synthesis and characterization of 2-pyridyltellurolates of platinum(II) and structures of [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C5H3N}2Te(PR'3)] (R = H or Me).

    PubMed

    Chauhan, Rohit Singh; Kedarnath, G; Wadawale, Amey; Muñoz-Castro, Alvaro; Arratia-Perez, Ramiro; Jain, Vimal K; Kaim, Wolfgang

    2010-05-03

    Treatment of toluene solutions of the ditellurides [Te(2){C(5)H(3)N(R)-3}(2)] (R = H or Me) with [Pt(PPh(3))(4)] yielded two types of complexes, [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C(5)H(3)N}(2)(PPh(3))(2)] (1a-d) as the major products and [Pt{2-Te-3-(R)C(5)H(3)N}(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2a-d) as minor products. The above complexes can also be obtained by the reaction of [PtCl(2)(PR'(3))(2)] (PR'(3) = PPh(3) or PPh(2)(2-C(5)H(4)N)) with 2 equiv of Na(2-Te-C(5)H(3)R). The complexes were characterized by elemental analyses and UV-vis, NMR ((1)H and (31)P), and (in part) XPS spectroscopy. The molecular structures of [Pt(2-Te-C(5)H(4)N)(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2a) and [Pt{2-Te-C(5)H(3)(Me)N}(2)Te(PPh(3))] (2b) were established by single crystal X-ray diffraction. Both complexes exhibit a distorted square-planar configuration at the platinum(II) centers. The two mutually trans positioned 2-pyridinetellurolate ligands [2-Te-C(5)H(3)(R)N] coordinate to the central platinum atom in a monodentate fashion through the tellurium atoms. The tellurium(0) atom adopts a "bent T" configuration as it is bridging the 2-Te- C(5)H(3)(R)N molecules via N-Te-N bonds (166 degrees angle) and coordinates to Pt(II) in the trans position to PPh(3). The novel bis(pyridine)tellurium(0) arrangement resembles the bis(pyridine)iodonium structure. The calculated NICS indices and ELF functions clearly show that the compounds 2a and 2b are aromatic in the region defined by the Te-C-N-Te-Pt five-membered rings.

  12. The H+n-C5H12/n-C6H14→H2(v',j')+C5H11/C6H13 reactions: State-to-state dynamics and models of energy disposal

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Picconatto, Carl A.; Srivastava, Abneesh; Valentini, James J.

    2001-03-01

    The rovibrational state distributions for the H2 product of the H+n-C5H12/n-C6H14→H2+C5H11/C6H13 reactions at 1.6 eV collision energy are reported. The results are compared to measurements made on the kinematically and energetically similar H+RH→H2+R (RH=CH4, C2H6, and C3H8) reactions as well as the atom-diatom reactions H+HX→H2+X(HX=HCl, HBr). For the title reactions, as for all the comparison reactions, the product appears in few of the energetically accessible states. This is interpreted as the result of a kinematic constraint on the product translational energy. Characteristic of the H+RH reactions we have previously studied, the title reactions show increasing rotational excitation of the H2 product with increasing vibrational excitation of it, a correlation that gets stronger as the size of the alkane increases. Trends and variations in the product energy disposal are analyzed and explained by a localized reaction model. This model predicates a truncation of the opacity function due to competing reactive sites in the polyatomic alkane reactant, and a relaxation of the otherwise tight coupling of energy and angular momentum conservation, because the polyatomic alkyl radical product is a sink for angular momentum.

  13. Iridium complexes containing mesoionic C donors: selective C(sp3)-H versus C(sp2)-H bond activation, reactivity towards acids and bases, and catalytic oxidation of silanes and water.

    PubMed

    Petronilho, Ana; Woods, James A; Mueller-Bunz, Helge; Bernhard, Stefan; Albrecht, Martin

    2014-11-24

    Metalation of a C2-methylated pyridylimidazolium salt with [IrCp*Cl2]2 affords either an ylidic complex, resulting from C(sp(3))-H bond activation of the C2-bound CH3 group if the metalation is performed in the presence of a base, such as AgO2 or Na2CO3, or a mesoionic complex via cyclometalation and thermally induced heterocyclic C(sp(2))-H bond activation, if the reaction is performed in the absence of a base. Similar cyclometalation and complex formation via C(sp(2))-H bond activation is observed when the heterocyclic ligand precursor consists of the analogous pyridyltriazolium salt, that is, when the metal bonding at the C2 position is blocked by a nitrogen rather than a methyl substituent. Despite the strongly mesoionic character of both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene, the former reacts rapidly with D(+) and undergoes isotope exchange at the heterocyclic C5 position, whereas the triazolylidene ligand is stable and only undergoes H/D exchange under basic conditions, where the imidazolylidene is essentially unreactive. The high stability of the Ir-C bond in aqueous solution over a broad pH range was exploited in catalytic water oxidation and silane oxidation. The catalytic hydrosilylation of ketones proceeds with turnover frequencies as high as 6,000 h(-1) with both the imidazolylidene and the triazolylidene system, whereas water oxidation is enhanced by the stronger donor properties of the imidazol-4-ylidene ligands and is more than three times faster than with the triazolylidene analogue. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  14. Characterization of the Minimum Energy Paths for the Ring Closure Reactions of C4H3 with Acetylene

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Walch, Stephen P.

    1995-01-01

    The ring closure reaction of C4H3 with acetylene to give phenyl radical is one proposed mechanism for the formation of the first aromatic ring in hydrocarbon combustion. There are two low-lying isomers of C4H3; 1-dehydro-buta-l-ene-3-yne (n-C4H3) and 2-dehydro-buta-l-ene-3-yne (iso-C4H3). It has been proposed that only n-C4H3 reacts with acetylene to give phenyl radical, and since iso-C4H3 is more stable than n-C4H3, formation of phenyl radical by this mechanism is unlikely. We report restricted Hartree-Fock (RHF) plus singles and doubles configuration interaction calculations with a Davidson's correction (RHF+1+2+Q) using the Dunning correlation consistent polarized valence double zeta basis set (cc-pVDZ) for stationary point structures along the reaction pathway for the reactions of n-C4H3 and iso-C4H3 with acetylene. n-C4H3 plus acetylene (9.4) has a small entrance channel barrier (17.7) (all energetics in parentheses are in kcal/mol with respect to iso-C4H3 plus acetylene) and the subsequent closure steps leading to phenyl radical (-91.9) are downhill with respect to the entrance channel barrier. Iso-C4H3 Plus acetylene also has an entrance channel barrier (14.9) and there is a downhill pathway to 1-dehydro-fulvene (-55.0). 1-dehydro-fulvene can rearrange to 6-dehydro-fulvene (-60.3) by a 1,3-hydrogen shift over a barrier (4.0), which is still below the entrance channel barrier, from which rearrangement to phenyl radical can occur by a downhill pathway. Thus, both n-C4H3 and iso-C4H3 can react with acetylene to give phenyl radical with small barriers.

  15. Automated Video Analysis System Reveals Distinct Diurnal Behaviors in C57BL/6 and C3H/HeN Mice

    PubMed Central

    Adamah-Biassi, E. B.; Stepien, I.; Hudson, R.L.; Dubocovich, M.L.

    2013-01-01

    Advances in rodent behavior dissection using automated video recording and analysis allows detailed phenotyping. This study compared and contrasted 15 diurnal behaviors recorded continuously using an automated behavioral analysis system for a period of 14 days under a 14/10 light/dark cycle in single housed C3H/HeN (C3H) or C57BL/6 (C57) male mice. Diurnal behaviors, recorded with minimal experimental interference and analyzed using phenotypic array and temporal distribution analysis showed bimodal and unimodal profiles in the C57 and C3H mice, respectively. Phenotypic array analysis revealed distinct behavioral rhythms in activity-like behaviors (i.e. walk, hang, jump, come down) (ALB), exploration-like behaviors (i.e. dig, groom, rear up, sniff, stretch) (ELB), ingestion-like behaviors (i.e. drink, eat) (ILB) and resting-like behaviors (i.e. awake, remain low, rest, twitch) (RLB) of C3H and C57 mice. Temporal analysis demonstrated that strain and time of day affects the magnitude and distribution of the spontaneous homecage behaviors. Wheel running activity, water and food measurements correlated with timing of homecage behaviors. Subcutaneous (3 mg/kg, sc) or oral (0.02 mg/ml, oral) melatonin treatments in C57 mice did not modify either the total 24 hr magnitude or temporal distribution of homecage behaviors when compared with vehicle treatments. We conclude that C3H and C57 mice show different spontaneous activity and behavioral rhythms specifically during the night period which are not modulated by melatonin. PMID:23337734

  16. Insights into the Effects of Complement Factor H on the Assembly and Decay of the Alternative Pathway C3 Proconvertase and C3 Convertase*

    PubMed Central

    Bettoni, Serena; Bresin, Elena; Remuzzi, Giuseppe; Noris, Marina; Donadelli, Roberta

    2016-01-01

    The activated fragment of C3 (C3b) and factor B form the C3 proconvertase (C3bB), which is cleaved by factor D to C3 convertase (C3bBb). Older studies (Conrad, D. H., Carlo, J. R., and Ruddy, S. (1978) J. Exp. Med. 147, 1792–1805; Pangburn, M. K., and Müller-Eberhard, H. J. (1978) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 75, 2416–2420; Kazatchkine, M. D., Fearon, D. T., and Austen, K. F. (1979) J. Immunol. 122, 75–81) indicated that the complement alternative pathway regulator factor H (FH) competes with factor B for C3b binding; however, the capability of FH to prevent C3bB assembly has not been formally investigated. Moreover, in the few published studies FH did not favor C3bB dissociation. Whether FH may affect C3bBb formation from C3bB is unknown. We set up user-friendly assays based on combined microplate/Western blotting techniques that specifically detect either C3bB or C3bBb, with the aim of investigating the effect of FH on C3bB assembly and decay and C3bBb formation and decay. We document that FH does not affect C3bB assembly, indicating that FH does not efficiently compete with factor B for C3b binding. We also found that FH does not dissociate C3bB. FH showed a strong C3bBb decay-accelerating activity, as reported previously, and also exerted an apparent inhibitory effect on C3bBb formation. The latter effect was not fully attributable to a rapid FH-mediated dissociation of C3bBb complexes, because blocking decay with properdin and C3 nephritic factor did not restore C3bBb formation. FH almost completely prevented release of the smaller cleavage subunit of FB (Ba), without modifying the amount of C3bB complexes, suggesting that FH inhibits the conversion of C3bB to C3bBb. Thus, the inhibitory effect of FH on C3bBb formation is likely the sum of inhibition of C3bB conversion to C3bBb and of C3bBb decay acceleration. Further studies are required to confirm these findings in physiological cell-based settings. PMID:26903516

  17. Studies of Secondary Melanoma on C57BL/6J Mouse Liver Using 1H NMR Metabolomics

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feng, Ju; Isern, Nancy G.; Burton, Sarah D.

    2013-10-31

    NMR metabolomics, consisting of solid state high resolution (hr) magic angle spinning (MAS) 1H NMR (1H hr-MAS), liquid state high resolution 1H-NMR, and principal components analysis (PCA) has been used to study secondary metastatic B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6J mouse liver . The melanoma group can be differentiated from its control group by PCA analysis of the absolute concentrations or by the absolute peak intensities of metabolites from either 1H hr-MAS NMR data on intact liver tissues or liquid state 1H-NMR spectra on liver tissue extracts. In particular, we found that the absolute concentrations of alanine, glutamate, creatine, creatinine, fumarate andmore » cholesterol are elevated in the melanoma group as compared to controls, while the absolute concentrations of succinate, glycine, glucose, and the family of linear lipids including long chain fatty acids, total choline and acylglycerol are decreased. The ratio of glycerophosphocholine to phosphocholine is increased by about 1.5 fold in the melanoma group, while the absolute concentration of total choline is actually lower in melanoma mice. These results suggest the following picture in secondary melanoma metastasis: Linear lipid levels are decreased by beta oxidation in the melanoma group, which contributes to an increase in the synthesis of cholesterol, and also provides an energy source input for TCA cycle. These findings suggest a link between lipid oxidation, the TCA cycle and the hypoxia-inducible factors (HIF) signal pathway in tumor metastases. Thus this study indicates that the metabolic profile derived from NMR analysis can provide a valuable bio-signature of malignancy and cell hypoxia in metastatic melanoma.« less

  18. Transcription termination and RNA processing in the 3'-end spacer of mouse ribosomal RNA genes.

    PubMed Central

    Miwa, T; Kominami, R; Yoshikura, H; Sudo, K; Muramatsu, M

    1987-01-01

    The 3' termini of ribosomal RNA precursors from mouse FM3A cultured cells are mapped to eight sites within 625 bp downstream from the 3' terminus of 28 S rRNA. Three additional sites are mapped in liver RNA from C3H/He strain mice. Two of them, the sites at 570 bp and 625 bp are assumed to be termination sites in vivo, because they correspond to in vitro termination sites of RNA polymerase I, and 45 S RNAs having these 3' termini decay with kinetics distinct from others. The amount of 45 S RNA having the 3' terminus at other sites is variable among several mouse strains, despite their having the same DNA sequence in these regions. The ability to produce 3' termini in these sites seems to follow Mendel's law of inheritance. Therefore, we postulate that these nine sites are RNA processing sites which are controlled genetically. Images PMID:3031586

  19. Regioselective functionalization of iminophosphoranes through Pd-mediated C-H bond activation: C-C and C-X bond formation.

    PubMed

    Aguilar, David; Navarro, Rafael; Soler, Tatiana; Urriolabeitia, Esteban P

    2010-11-21

    The orthopalladation of iminophosphoranes [R(3)P=N-C(10)H(7)-1] (R(3) = Ph(3) 1, p-Tol(3) 2, PhMe(2) 3, Ph(2)Me 4, N-C(10)H(7)-1 = 1-naphthyl) has been studied. It occurs regioselectively at the aryl ring bonded to the P atom in 1 and 2, giving endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2=N-1-C(10)H(7))-2)-κ-C,N](2) (5) or endo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(P(p-Tol)(2)=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2-Me-5)-κ-C,N](2) (6), while in 3 the 1-naphthyl group is metallated instead, giving exo-[Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7). In the case of 4, orthopalladation at room temperature affords the kinetic exo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (11exo), while a mixture of 11exo and the thermodynamic endo isomer [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (11endo) is obtained in refluxing toluene. The heating in toluene of the acetate bridge dimer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPh(2)Me)-8)-κ-C,N](2) (13exo) promotes the facile transformation of the exo isomer into the endo isomer [Pd(μ-OAc)(C(6)H(4)-(PPhMe=N-C(10)H(7)-1)-2)-κ-C,N](2) (13endo), confirming that the exo isomers are formed under kinetic control. Reactions of the orthometallated complexes have led to functionalized molecules. The stoichiometric reactions of the orthometallated complexes [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-8)-κ-C,N](2) (7), [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)[=NPh)-2)](2) (17) and [Pd(μ-Cl)(C(6)H(3)-(C(O)N=PPh(3))-2-OMe-4)](2) (18) with I(2) or with CO results in the synthesis of the ortho-halogenated compounds [PhMe(2)P=N-C(10)H(6)-I-8] (19), [I-C(6)H(4)-(PPh(2)=NPh)-2] (21) and [Ph(3)P=NC(O)C(6)H(3)-I-2-OMe-5] (23) or the heterocycles [C(10)H(6)-(N=PPhMe(2))-1-(C(O))-8]Cl (20), [C(6)H(5)-(N=PPh(2)-C(6)H(4)-C(O)-2]ClO(4) (22) and [C(6)H(3)-(C(O)-1,2-N-PPh(3))-OMe-4]Cl (24).

  20. Inverted papilloma-like sinonasal epithelial hyperplasia, overshadowing underlying sinonasal fibrosarcoma: a diagnostic pitfall.

    PubMed

    Maly, Alexander; Maly, Bella; Eliashar, Ron; Doviner, Victoria

    2006-01-01

    Proliferating invaginations of the sinonasal epithelium, simulating inverted papillomas, have been mentioned once in the literature as a reactive phenomenon overlying sinonasal fibrosarcomas. These proliferations may be so marked as to make the distinction from inverted papilloma virtually impossible. The possible result is that the examining pathologist's attention might be drawn exclusively to the epithelial component, thus causing him to overlook, especially in a small biopsy, a rather bland but distinctive sarcomatoid component which is located underneath. We report such a case of marked endophytic proliferation of sinonasal epithelium which was interpreted, in the preoperative biopsy, as an inverted papilloma with dense fibrous stroma which later, in the surgical specimen, was found to be a part of a submucosal fibrosarcoma. The diagnostic pitfall is discussed.

  1. Mutation of Chinese Hamster V79 cells and transformation and mutation of mouse fibroblast C3H/10T1/2 clone 8 cells by aflatoxin B1 and four other furocoumarins isolated from two Nigerian medicinal plants.

    PubMed

    Uwaifo, A O; Billings, P C; Heidelberger, C

    1983-03-01

    Mutation by aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), imperatorin, marmesin, chalepin, and 8-methoxypsoralen (MOP), with and without black light (BL; long-wavelength ultraviolet light) activation, was determined at the hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase locus (8-azaguanine resistance) in Chinese hamster V79 cells and at the ouabain locus in mouse C3H/1OT1/2 cells. Transformation by these furocoumarins under the same activation conditions was also investigated in C3H/1OT1/2 cells. In V79 cells, AFB1 induced a 4-fold maximum mutation frequency over controls under BL activation at a concentration of 5 micrograms/ml; marmesin induced a 2-fold increased mutation frequency at 1.5 micrograms/ml; MOP induced a 19-fold increase at 10 micrograms/ml; chalepin induced a 3-fold increase at 5 micrograms/ml; and imperatorin induced a 20-fold increase at 10 micrograms/ml. Essentially no mutation was observed at the ouabain-resistant (Ouar) locus in C3H/1OT1/2 cells with any of these compounds. In the transformation assays, type II and type III foci were observed at a 1-microgram/ml addition of AFB1 with or without BL activation; while with MOP and imperatorin, these types of foci were observed only with BL activation. Marmesin, although relatively more cytotoxic than the other furocoumarins studied, with a 50% lethal dose of less than 0.5 micrograms/ml, was not as mutagenic or potentially carcinogenic as were AFB1, imperatorin, or MOP with BL activation. These furocoumarins are considered to be involved in the etiology of the high incidence of skin cancer in Nigeria. Our experiments reinforce that concept and suggest that exposure to these furocoumarins may constitute a real carcinogenic hazard.

  2. Modulation of [3H]DAGO binding by substance P (SP) and SP fragments in the mouse brain and spinal cord via MU1 interactions.

    PubMed

    Krumins, S A; Kim, D C; Seybold, V S; Larson, A A

    1989-01-01

    Binding of [3H]DAGO to fresh, frozen or beta-funaltrexamine (beta-FNA) pretreated membranes of mouse brain and spinal cord was extensively studied using substance P (SP) or SP fragments as potential competitors and/or modulators. The objective was to determine whether SP exerts its analgesic effect by interacting with mu opioid receptors. The affinity of DAGO was reduced and binding capacity was increased in the presence of SP or the N-terminal SP fragments SP(1-9) and SP(1-4) but not the C-terminal SP fragment SP(5-11). Because sub-nanomolar concentrations of SP or N-terminal SP fragments displaced [3H] DAGO binding to a minor but detectable degree, it is suggested that SP interacts with mu 1 sites through its N-terminus portion. The effect of SP on DAGO binding was less in the spinal cord compared to the rest of the brain. Modulation of DAGO binding by SP was enhanced in the brain after pretreatment of membranes with the narcotic antagonist beta-FNA. These results suggest a novel mechanism for the analgesic action of SP.

  3. Platinum-Catalyzed, Terminal-Selective C(sp(3))-H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines.

    PubMed

    Lee, Melissa; Sanford, Melanie S

    2015-10-14

    This Communication describes the terminal-selective, Pt-catalyzed C(sp(3))-H oxidation of aliphatic amines without the requirement for directing groups. CuCl2 is employed as a stoichiometric oxidant, and the reactions proceed in high yield at Pt loadings as low as 1 mol%. These transformations are conducted in the presence of sulfuric acid, which reacts with the amine substrates in situ to form ammonium salts. We propose that protonation of the amine serves at least three important roles: (i) it renders the substrates soluble in the aqueous reaction medium; (ii) it limits binding of the amine nitrogen to Pt or Cu; and (iii) it electronically deactivates the C-H bonds proximal to the nitrogen center. We demonstrate that this strategy is effective for the terminal-selective C(sp(3))-H oxidation of a variety of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines.

  4. Decomposition reaction rate of BCl3-C3H6(propene)-H2 in the gas phase.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Jun; Su, Kehe; Liu, Yan; Ren, Hongjiang; Zeng, Qingfeng; Cheng, Laifei; Zhang, Litong

    2012-07-05

    The decomposition reaction rate in the BCl(3)-C(3)H(6)-H(2) gas phase reaction system in preparing boron carbides was investigated based on the most favorable reaction pathways proposed by Jiang et al. [Theor. Chem. Accs. 2010, 127, 519] and Yang et al. [J. Theor. Comput. Chem. 2012, 11, 53]. The rate constants of all the elementary reactions were evaluated with the variational transition state theory. The vibrational frequencies for the stationary points as well as the selected points along the minimum energy paths (MEPs) were calculated with density functional theory at the B3PW91/6-311G(d,p) level and the energies were refined with the accurate model chemistry method G3(MP2). For the elementary reaction associated with a transition state, the MEP was obtained with the intrinsic reaction coordinates, while for the elementary reaction without transition state, the relaxed potential energy surface scan was employed to obtain the MEP. The rate constants were calculated for temperatures within 200-2000 K and fitted into three-parameter Arrhenius expressions. The reaction rates were investigated by using the COMSOL software to solve numerically the coupled differential rate equations. The results show that the reactions are, consistent with the experiments, appropriate at 1100-1500 K with the reaction time of 30 s for 1100 K, 1.5 s for 1200 K, 0.12 s for 1300 K, 0.011 s for 1400 K, or 0.001 s for 1500 K, for propene being almost completely consumed. The completely dissociated species, boron carbides C(3)B, C(2)B, and CB, have very low concentrations, and C(3)B is the main product at higher temperatures, while C(2)B is the main product at lower temperatures. For the reaction time 1 s, all these concentrations approach into a nearly constant. The maximum value (in mol/m(3)) is for the highest temperature 1500 K with the orders of -13, -17, and -23 for C(3)B, C(2)B, and CB, respectively. It was also found that the logarithm of the overall reaction rate and reciprocal

  5. Vanadium-Catalyzed C(sp3)–H Fluorination Reactions†

    PubMed Central

    Xia, Ji-Bao; Ma, Yuyong; Chen, Chuo

    2014-01-01

    Vanadium(III) oxide catalyzes the direct fluorination of C(sp3)–H groups with Selectfluor. This reaction is operationally simple. The catalyst and the reaction byproduct can be removed easily by filtration. Using this method, a fluorine atom can be introduced to the tertiary position of 1,4-cineole and L-menthone selectively. PMID:24976971

  6. Inhibition of TRPC3 downregulates airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling of OVA-sensitized mouse.

    PubMed

    Wang, Lingwei; Li, Jie; Zhang, Jian; He, Qi; Weng, Xuanwen; Huang, Yanmei; Guan, Minjie; Qiu, Chen

    2017-02-26

    Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling and inflammation are the fundamental pathological alterations that occur in asthma. Transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) has been implicated in diverse functions of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC3 in ASMCs from normal and OVA-sensitized mouse. And the effects of inhibition or knockdown of TRPC3 with Ethyl-1- (4- (2,3,3-trichloroacrylamide) phenyl) -5 - (trifluoromethyl) -1H -pyrazole -4-carboxylate (Pyr3) and lentiviral shRNA on OVA-sensitized mouse AHR, airway remodeling, circulating inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation and migration. We found that TRPC3 mRNA and protein expression levels were significantly increased in ASMCs from OVA-sensitized mouse. Inhibiting TRPC3 with continuous subcutaneous administration of Pyr3 decreased enhanced pause (Penh) of OVA-sensitized mouse. Meanwhile, both Pyr3 and lentiviral shRNA treatment of ASMCs in OVA-sensitized mouse significantly decreased their proliferation and migration. These results suggest that TRPC3 plays a critical role in asthma and represents a promising new target for asthma treatment. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Lignification in transgenics deficient in 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H)or the associated hydroxycinnamoyl transferase (HCT)

    Treesearch

    John Ralph; Takuya Akiyama; Hoon Kim; Fachuang Lu; Sally A. Ralph; Clint Chapple; Ramesh B. Nair; Armin Wagner; Fang Chen; M.S. Srinivasa Reddy; Richard A Dixon; Heather D. Coleman; Shawn D. Mansfield

    2006-01-01

    Down-regulation of the gene encoding 4-coumarate 3-hydroxylase (C3H) in angiosperms massively but predictably increased the proportion of p-hydroxyphenyl (P) units relative to the normally dominant syringyl (S) and guaiacyl (G) units. Alfalfa stem levels of up to ~65% P (from wild-type (WT) levels of ~1%) resulting from down-regulation of C3H were measured by...

  8. Nqrs Data for C3H2Cl10N2PSb[C3HCl4N2P·Cl6HSb](Subst. No. 0601)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

    This document is part of Subvolume A `Substances Containing Ag … C10H15' of Volume 48 `Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III `Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section `3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter `3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C3H2Cl10N2PSb [C3HCl4N2P·Cl6HSb] (Subst. No. 0601)

  9. Axial zero-field splitting in mononuclear Co(ii) 2-N substituted N-confused porphyrin: Co(2-NC3H5-21-Y-CH2C6H4CH3-NCTPP)Cl (Y = o, m, p) and Co(2-NC3H5-21-CH2C6H5-NCTPP)Cl.

    PubMed

    Lai, Ya-Yuan; Chang, Yu-Chang; Chen, Jyh-Horung; Wang, Shin-Shin; Tung, Jo-Yu

    2016-03-21

    The inner C-benzyl- and C-o-xylyl (or m-xylyl, p-xylyl)-substituted cobalt(ii) complexes of a 2-N-substituted N-confused porphyrin were synthesized from the reaction of 2-NC3H5NCTPPH (1) and CoCl2·6H2O in toluene (or o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene). The crystal structures of diamagnetic chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-hydrogen-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')zinc(ii) [Zn(2-NC3H5-21-H-NCTPP)Cl; 3 ] and paramagnetic chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-benzyl-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')cobalt(ii) [Co(2-NC3H5-21-CH2C6H5NCTPP)Cl; 7], and chloro(2-aza-2-allyl-5,10,15,20-tetraphenyl-21-Y-xylyl-21-carbaporphyrinato-N,N',N'')cobalt(ii) [Co(2-NC3H5-21-Y-CH2C6H4CH3NCTPP)Cl] [Y = o (8), m (9), p (10)] were determined. The coordination sphere around the Zn(2+) (or Co(2+)) ion in 3 (or 7-10) is a distorted tetrahedron (DT). The free energy of activation at the coalescence temperature Tc for the exchange of phenyl ortho protons o-H (26) with o-H (22) in 3 in a CDCl3 solvent is found to be ΔG = 61.4 kJ mol(-1) through (1)H NMR temperature-dependent measurements. The axial zero-field splitting parameter |D| was found to vary from 35.6 cm(-1) in 7 (or 30.7 cm(-1) in 8) to 42.0 cm(-1) in 9 and 46.9 cm(-1) in 10 through paramagnetic susceptibility measurements. The magnitude of |D| can be related to the coordination sphere at the cobalt sites.

  10. The Peptide Near the C Terminus Regulates Receptor CAR Nuclear Translocation Induced by Xenochemicals in Mouse Liver

    PubMed Central

    Zelko, Igor; Sueyoshi, Tatsuya; Kawamoto, Takeshi; Moore, Rick; Negishi, Masahiko

    2001-01-01

    In response to phenobarbital (PB) and other PB-type inducers, the nuclear receptor CAR translocates to the mouse liver nucleus (T. Kawamoto et al., Mol. Cell. Biol. 19:6318–6322, 1999). To define the translocation mechanism, fluorescent protein-tagged human CAR (hCAR) was expressed in the mouse livers using the in situ DNA injection and gene delivery systems. As in the wild-type hCAR, the truncated receptor lacking the C-terminal 10 residues (i.e., AF2 domain) translocated to the nucleus, indicating that the PB-inducible translocation is AF2 independent. Deletion of the 30 C-terminal residues abolished the receptor translocation, and subsequent site-directed mutagenesis delineated the PB-inducible translocation activity of the receptor to the peptide L313GLL316AEL319. Ala mutations of Leu313, Leu316, or Leu319 abrogated the translocation of CAR in the livers, while those of Leu312 or Leu315 did not affect the nuclear translocation. The leucine-rich peptide dictates the nuclear translocation of hCAR in response to various PB-type inducers and appears to be conserved in the mouse and rat receptors. PMID:11283262

  11. Selection against BALB/c strain cells in mouse chimaeras

    PubMed Central

    Tang, Pin-Chi; MacKay, Gillian E.; Flockhart, Jean H.; Keighren, Margaret A.; Kopakaki, Anna

    2018-01-01

    ABSTRACT It has been shown previously that BALB/c strain embryos tend to contribute poorly to mouse aggregation chimaeras. In the present study we showed that BALB/c cells were not preferentially allocated to any extraembryonic lineages of mouse aggregation chimaeras, but their contribution decreased during the early postimplantation period and they were significantly depleted by E8.5. The development of BALB/c strain preimplantation embryos lagged behind embryos from some other strains and the contribution that BALB/c and other embryos made to chimaeras correlated with their developmental stage at E2.5. This relationship suggests that the poor contribution of BALB/c embryos to aggregation chimaeras is at least partly a consequence of generalised selection related to slow or delayed preimplantation development. The suitability of BALB/c embryos for maximising the ES cell contribution to mouse ES cell chimaeras is also discussed. PMID:29330350

  12. Ligand-accelerated enantioselective methylene C(sp3)-H bond activation.

    PubMed

    Chen, Gang; Gong, Wei; Zhuang, Zhe; Andrä, Michal S; Chen, Yan-Qiao; Hong, Xin; Yang, Yun-Fang; Liu, Tao; Houk, K N; Yu, Jin-Quan

    2016-09-02

    Effective differentiation of prochiral carbon-hydrogen (C-H) bonds on a single methylene carbon via asymmetric metal insertion remains a challenge. Here, we report the discovery of chiral acetyl-protected aminoethyl quinoline ligands that enable asymmetric palladium insertion into prochiral C-H bonds on a single methylene carbon center. We apply these palladium complexes to catalytic enantioselective functionalization of β-methylene C-H bonds in aliphatic amides. Using bidentate ligands to accelerate C-H activation of otherwise unreactive monodentate substrates is crucial for outcompeting the background reaction driven by substrate-directed cyclopalladation, thereby avoiding erosion of enantioselectivity. The potential of ligand acceleration in C-H activation is also demonstrated by enantioselective β-C-H arylation of simple carboxylic acids without installing directing groups. Copyright © 2016, American Association for the Advancement of Science.

  13. MR images of mouse brain using clinical 3T MR scanner and 4CH-Mouse coil

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lim, Soo Mee; Park, Eun Mi; Lyoo, In Kyoon; Lee, Junghyun; Han, Bo Mi; Lee, Jeong Kyong; Lee, Su Bin

    2015-07-01

    Objectives: Although small-bore high-field magnets are useful for research in small rodent models,this technology, however, has not been easily accessible to most researchers. This current study, thus,tried to evaluate the usability of 4CH-Mouse coil (Philips Healthcare, Best, the Netherlands) forpreclinical investigations in clinical 3T MR scan environment. We evaluated the effects of ischemicpreconditioning (IP) in the mouse stroke model with clinical 3T MR scanner and 4CH-Mouse coil. Materials and Methods: Experiments were performed on male C57BL/6 mice that either received the IP or sham operation (control). Three different MR sequences including diffusion weighted images (DWI), T2-weighted images (T2WI), and fluid attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) were performed on the mouse brains following 24, 72 hours of middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) and analyzed for infarct lesions. Results: The images showed that the IP-treated mouse brains had significantly smaller infarct volumes compared to the control group. Of the MR sequences employed, the T2WI showed the highest level of correlations with postmortem infarct volume measurements. Conclusions: The clinical 3T MR scanner turned out to have a solid potential as a practical tool for imaging small animal brains. MR sequences including DWI, T2WI, FLAIR were obtained with acceptable resolution and in a reasonable time constraint in evaluating a mouse stroke model brain.

  14. Properties of the pressure-induced superconducting state in trihydrides ScH3 and LaH3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Durajski, A. P.; Szczȩśniak, R.

    2014-11-01

    The present paper discusses the thermodynamic properties of the superconducting state which gets induced in the following compounds due to the influence of the high pressure: ScH3 ( p = 18 GPa) and LaH3 (p = 11 GPa). Using the Eliashberg formalism, for the Coulomb pseudopotential equal to 0.1, the following quantities have been determined: the maximum critical temperature ({{[{{T}C}]}Sc{{H3}}}=19.3 K and {{[{{T}C}]}La{{H3}}}=22.5 K), the energy gap at the Fermi surface (G), the free energy (F), the thermodynamic critical field (HC), and the specific heat (both for the superconducting (CS) and the normal (CN) state). Then, the dimensionless parameters, namely, {{R}G}\\equiv G≤ft( 0 \\right)/{{k}B}{{T}C}, {{R}H}\\equiv {{T}C}{{C}N}≤ft( {{T}C} \\right)/HC2≤ft( 0 \\right), and {{R}C}\\equiv ≤ft( {{C}S}≤ft( {{T}C} \\right)-{{C}N}≤ft( {{T}C} \\right) \\right)/{{C}N}≤ft( {{T}C} \\right), have been obtained. Those ratios deviate from the predictions of the BCS theory in the case of the studied compounds: {{[{{R}G}]}Sc{{H3}}}=3.85, {{[{{R}G}]}La{{H3}}}=3.92, {{[{{R}H}]}Sc{{H3}}}=0.160, {{[{{R}H}]}La{{H3}}}=0.154, {{[{{R}C}]}Sc{{H3}}}=1.84, and {{[{{R}C}]}La{{H3}}}=2.09. In the last step, it has been proven that the ratio of the electron effective mass (me\\star ) to the electron band mass (me) takes relatively high values, which are weakly dependent on the temperature. For example, it has been shown that {{[me\\star /{{m}e}]}Sc{{H3}}}=1.833 and {{[me\\star /{{m}e}]}La{{H3}}}=1.845 for T={{T}C}.

  15. 40 CFR 721.10273 - 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-, methyl ester.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10273 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-, methyl ester. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified as 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6...

  16. 40 CFR 721.10272 - 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-,methyl ester.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10272 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-,methyl ester. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified as 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6...

  17. 40 CFR 721.10272 - 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-,methyl ester.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10272 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-,methyl ester. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified as 3H-Cyclopropa[8,25][5,6...

  18. 40 CFR 721.10273 - 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-, methyl ester.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES Significant New Uses for Specific Chemical Substances § 721.10273 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6]fullerene-C70-D5h(6)-3′-butanoic acid, 3′-phenyl-, methyl ester. (a) Chemical substance and significant new uses subject to reporting. (1) The chemical substances identified as 3H-Cyclopropa[7,22][5,6...

  19. On the Formation and Isomer Specific Detection of Propenal (C2H3CHO) and Cyclopropanone (c-C3H4O) in Interstellar Model Ices - A Combined FTIR and Reflectron Time-of-Flight Mass Spectroscopic Study

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Abplanalp, Matthew J.; Borsuk, Aleca; Jones, Brant M.; Kaiser, Ralf I.

    2015-11-01

    The formation routes of two structural isomers—propenal (C2H3CHO) and cyclopropanone (c-C3H4O)—were investigated experimentally by exposing ices of astrophysical interest to energetic electrons at 5.5 K thus mimicking the interaction of ionizing radiation with interstellar ices in cold molecular clouds. The radiation-induced processing of these ices was monitored online and in situ via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and via temperature programmed desorption exploiting highly sensitive reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with single photon ionization in the post irradiation phase. To selectively probe which isomer(s) is/are formed, the photoionization experiments were conducted with 10.49 and 9.60 eV photons. Our studies provided compelling evidence on the formation of both isomers—propenal (C2H3CHO) and cyclopropanone (c-C3H4O)—in ethylene (C2H4)—carbon monoxide (CO) ices forming propenal and cyclopropanone at a ratio of (4.5 ± 0.9):1. Based on the extracted reaction pathways, the cyclopropanone molecule can be classified as a tracer of a low temperature non-equilibrium chemistry within interstellar ices involving most likely excited triplet states, whereas propenal can be formed at ultralow temperatures, but also during the annealing phase via non-equilibrium as well as thermal chemistry (radical recombination). Since propenal has been detected in the interstellar medium and our laboratory experiments demonstrate that both isomers originated from identical precursor molecules our study predicts that the hitherto elusive second isomer—cyclopropanone—should also be observable toward those astronomical sources such as Sgr B2(N) in which propenal has been detected.

  20. Modelling disorder in 3,3' -dimethoxybensil, C[subscript 16]H[subscript 14]O[subscript 4

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Goossens, Darren J.; Welberry, T.Richard; Heerdegen, Aidan P.

    2008-06-18

    This work is part of an extended study of benzil (C{sub 14}H{sub 10}O{sub 2}) and some of its derivatives which aims to understand the role of molecular flexibility in crystal packing and polymorphism. Significant steps have been made in modelling the structured thermal diffuse scattering from 3,3'-dimethoxybenzil, C{sub 16}H{sub 1}4O{sub 4}. It appears that the structure can be considered as a stack of layers of molecules in which interactions are strongest within the layers. The layers interact weakly along the a direction but more strongly along c, so shearing of the planes relative to each other is energetically likely. Themore » molecule must be treated as flexible for a good model to be found.« less

  1. Chanabayaite, Cu2(N3C2H2)Cl(NH3,Cl,H2O,□)4, a new mineral containing triazolate anion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chukanov, N. V.; Zubkova, N. V.; Möhn, G.; Pekov, I. V.; Pushcharovsky, D. Yu.; Zadov, A. E.

    2015-12-01

    A new mineral, chanabayaite, has been discovered at a guano deposit located at Mt. Pabellón de Pica near the village of Chanabaya, Iquique Province, Tarapacá region, Chile. It is associated with salammoniac, halite, joanneumite, nitratine and earlier chalcopyrite. Chanabayaite occurs as blue translucent imperfect prismatic crystals, up to 0.05 × 0.1 × 0.5 mm in size, and their radial aggregates. Chanabayaite is brittle, with a Mohs' hardness of 2. The cleavage is perfect on (001) and imperfect on (100) and (010). D meas = 1.48(2) g/cm3, D calc = 1.464 g/cm3. The mineral is optically biaxial (-), α = 1.561(2), β = 1.615(3), γ = 1.620(2), 2 V meas = 25(10)°, 2 V calc = 33°. Pleochroism is strong, Z ≈ Y (deep blue) ≫ X (pale blue with gray tint). IR spectrum is given. The chemical composition (electron microprobe data for Cu, Fe and Cl; gas chromatography data for H, N, C and O) is as follows (wt %): 32.23 Cu, 1.14 Fe, 16.13 Cl, 3.1 H, 29.9 N, 12.2 C, 3.4 O, total is 98.1. The empirical formula is ( Z = 4): Cu1.92Fe0.08Cl1.72N8.09C3.85H11.66O0.81. The structural model was based on the single-crystal X-ray diffraction data ( R = 0.1627). Chanabayaite is orthorhombic, space group Imma, a = 19.484(3), b = 7.2136(10), c = 11.999(4) Å, V = 1686.5(7) Å3, Z = 2. In chanabayaite, chains of the corner-sharing Cu(l)-centered octahedra and single Cu(2)-centered octahedra are linked via 1,2,4-triazolate anions C2N3H2 -. NH3 and Cl- are additional ligands coordinating Cu2+. Chanabayaite is a transformational mineral species formed by leaching of Na and one third of Cl and partial dehydration of the protophase Na2Cu2Cl3(N3C2H2)2(NH3)2 • 4H2O. The strongest reflections in the powder X-ray diffraction pattern [ d, Å ( I, %) ( hkl)] are detected: 10.19 (100) (101), 6.189 (40) (011), 5.729 (23) (301), 5.216 (75) (211, 202), 4.964 (20) (400), 2.830 (20) (602, 413, 503), 2.611 (24) (123, 422, 404).

  2. Photodissociation dynamics of gaseous CpCo(CO)2 and ligand exchange reactions of CpCoH2 with C3H4, C3H6, and NH3.

    PubMed

    Oana, Melania; Nakatsuka, Yumiko; Albert, Daniel R; Davis, H Floyd

    2012-05-31

    The photodissociation dynamics of CpCo(CO)(2) was studied in a molecular beam using photofragment translational energy spectroscopy with 157 nm photoionization detection of the metallic products. At 532 and 355 nm excitation, the dominant one-photon channel involved loss of a single CO ligand producing CpCoCO. The product angular distributions were isotropic, and a large fraction of excess energy appeared as product vibrational excitation. Production of CpCO + 2CO resulted from two-photon absorption processes. The two-photon dissociation of mixtures containing CpCo(CO)(2) and H(2) at the orifice of a pulsed nozzle was used to produce a novel 16-electron unsaturated species, CpCoH(2). Transition metal ligand exchange reactions, CpCoH(2) + L → CpCoL + H(2) (L = propyne, propene, or ammonia), were studied under single-collision conditions for the first time. In all cases, ligand exchange occurred via 18-electron association complexes with lifetimes comparable to their rotational periods. Although ligand exchange reactions were not detected from CpCoH(2) collisions with methane or propane (L = CH(4) or C(3)H(8)), a molecular beam containing CpCoCH(4) was produced by photolysis of mixtures containing CpCo(CO)(2) and CH(4).

  3. Nqrs Data for C26H38N2O3 (Subst. No. 1607)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

    This document is part of Subvolume B 'Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn' of Volume 48 'Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III 'Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section '3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter '3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C26H38N2O3 (Subst. No. 1607)

  4. One-dimensional Cu(II) coordination polymers containing C2h-symmetric 1,1':4',1''-terphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate linkers.

    PubMed

    Kim, Hyun Chul; Gu, Ja Min; Huh, Seong; Yo, Chul Hyun; Kim, Youngmee

    2015-10-01

    Two new one-dimensional Cu(II) coordination polymers (CPs) containing the C2h-symmetric terphenyl-based dicarboxylate linker 1,1':4',1''-terphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylate (3,3'-TPDC), namely catena-poly[[bis(dimethylamine-κN)copper(II)]-μ-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylato-κ(4)O,O':O'':O'''] monohydrate], {[Cu(C20H12O4)(C2H7N)2]·H2O}n, (I), and catena-poly[[aquabis(dimethylamine-κN)copper(II)]-μ-1,1':4',1''-terphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylato-κ(2)O(3):O(3')] monohydrate], {[Cu(C20H12O4)(C2H7N)2(H2O)]·H2O}n, (II), were both obtained from two different methods of preparation: one reaction was performed in the presence of 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (DABCO) as a potential pillar ligand and the other was carried out in the absence of the DABCO pillar. Both reactions afforded crystals of different colours, i.e. violet plates for (I) and blue needles for (II), both of which were analysed by X-ray crystallography. The 3,3'-TPDC bridging ligands coordinate the Cu(II) ions in asymmetric chelating modes in (I) and in monodenate binding modes in (II), forming one-dimensional chains in each case. Both coordination polymers contain two coordinated dimethylamine ligands in mutually trans positions, and there is an additional aqua ligand in (II). The solvent water molecules are involved in hydrogen bonds between the one-dimensional coordination polymer chains, forming a two-dimensional network in (I) and a three-dimensional network in (II).

  5. Development of spike-wave seizures in C3H/HeJ mice

    PubMed Central

    Ellens, Damien J.; Hong, Ellie; Giblin, Kathryn; Singleton, Matthew J.; Bashyal, Chhitij; Englot, Dario J.; Mishra, Asht M.; Blumenfeld, Hal

    2012-01-01

    Summary C3H/HeJ mice have been reported to have relatively early onset of spike-wave discharges (SWD), and a defective AMPA receptor subunit Gria4 as the genetic cause. We investigated the time course of SWD development through serial EEG recordings in C3H/HeJ mice to better characterize this model. We found that at immature postnatal ages of 5–15 days, rare SWD-like events were observed at an average rate of 3 per hour, and with relatively broad spikes, irregular rhythm, slow frequency (5–6 Hz), and short duration (mean 1.75 s). This was followed by a transitional period of increasing SWD incidence, which then stabilized in mature animals at age 26–62 days, with SWD at an average rate of 45 per hour, narrower spike morphology, regular rhythm, higher frequency (7–8 Hz), and longer duration (mean 3.40 s). This sequence of maturational changes in SWD development suggests that effects of early intervention could be tested in C3H/HeJ mice over the course of a few weeks, rather than a few months as in rats, greatly facilitating future research on anti-epileptogenesis. PMID:19409755

  6. Pardaxin, a Fish Antimicrobial Peptide, Exhibits Antitumor Activity toward Murine Fibrosarcoma in Vitro and in Vivo

    PubMed Central

    Wu, Shu-Ping; Huang, Tsui-Chin; Lin, Ching-Chun; Hui, Cho-Fat; Lin, Cheng-Hui; Chen, Jyh-Yih

    2012-01-01

    The antitumor activity of pardaxin, a fish antimicrobial peptide, has not been previously examined in in vitro and in vivo systems for treating murine fibrosarcoma. In this study, the antitumor activity of synthetic pardaxin was tested using murine MN-11 tumor cells as the study model. We show that pardaxin inhibits the proliferation of MN-11 cells and reduces colony formation in a soft agar assay. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) showed that pardaxin altered the membrane structure similar to what a lytic peptide does, and also produced apoptotic features, such as hollow mitochondria, nuclear condensation, and disrupted cell membranes. A qRT-PCR and ELISA showed that pardaxin induced apoptosis, activated caspase-7 and interleukin (IL)-7r, and downregulated caspase-9, ATF 3, SOCS3, STAT3, cathelicidin, p65, and interferon (IFN)-γ suggesting that pardaxin induces apoptosis through the death receptor/nuclear factor (NF)-κB signaling pathway after 14 days of treatment in tumor-bearing mice. An antitumor effect was observed when pardaxin (25 mg/kg; 0.5 mg/day) was used to treat mice for 14 days, which caused significant inhibition of MN-11 cell growth in mice. Overall, these results indicate that pardaxin has the potential to be a novel therapeutic agent to treat fibrosarcomas. PMID:23015777

  7. Expression of hepatitis B virus 1.3-fold genome plasmid in an SV40 T-antigen-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line

    PubMed Central

    Song, Xiu-Guang; Bian, Peng-Fei; Yu, Shu-Li; Zhao, Xiu-Hua; Xu, Wei; Bu, Xue-Hui; Li, Xia; Ma, Li-Xian

    2013-01-01

    AIM: To investigate the expression of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) 1.3-fold genome plasmid (pHBV1.3) in an immortalized mouse hepatic cell line induced by SV40 T-antigen (SV40T) expression. METHODS: Mouse hepatic cells were isolated from mouse liver tissue fragments from 3-5 d old Kunming mice by the direct collagenase digestion method and cultured in vitro. The pRSV-T plasmid was transfected into mouse hepatic cells to establish an SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line. The SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells were identified and transfected with the pHBV1.3 plasmid. The levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the supernatant were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after transfection. The expressions of HBsAg and hepatitis B c antigen (HBcAg) in the cells were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. The presence of HBV DNA replication intermediates in the transfected cells and viral particles in the supernatant of the transfected cell cultures was monitored using the Southern hybridization assay and transmission electronic microscopy, respectively. RESULTS: The pRSV-T plasmid was used to immortalize mouse hepatocytes and an SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line was successfully established. SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells have the same morphology and growth characteristics as primary mouse hepatic cells can be subcultured and produce albumin and cytokeratin-18 in vitro. Immortalized mouse hepatic cells did not show the characteristics of tumor cells, as alpha-fetoprotein levels were comparable (0.58 ± 0.37 vs 0.61 ± 0.31, P = 0.37). SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells were then transfected with the pHBV1.3 plasmid, and it was found that the HBV genome replicated in SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg continuously increased in the supernatant after the transfection of pHBV1.3, and began to decrease 72 h

  8. Expression of hepatitis B virus 1.3-fold genome plasmid in an SV40 T-antigen-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line.

    PubMed

    Song, Xiu-Guang; Bian, Peng-Fei; Yu, Shu-Li; Zhao, Xiu-Hua; Xu, Wei; Bu, Xue-Hui; Li, Xia; Ma, Li-Xian

    2013-11-28

    To investigate the expression of the hepatitis B virus (HBV) 1.3-fold genome plasmid (pHBV1.3) in an immortalized mouse hepatic cell line induced by SV40 T-antigen (SV40T) expression. Mouse hepatic cells were isolated from mouse liver tissue fragments from 3-5 d old Kunming mice by the direct collagenase digestion method and cultured in vitro. The pRSV-T plasmid was transfected into mouse hepatic cells to establish an SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line. The SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells were identified and transfected with the pHBV1.3 plasmid. The levels of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg) in the supernatant were determined by an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h after transfection. The expressions of HBsAg and hepatitis B c antigen (HBcAg) in the cells were investigated by indirect immunofluorescence analysis. The presence of HBV DNA replication intermediates in the transfected cells and viral particles in the supernatant of the transfected cell cultures was monitored using the Southern hybridization assay and transmission electronic microscopy, respectively. The pRSV-T plasmid was used to immortalize mouse hepatocytes and an SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cell line was successfully established. SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells have the same morphology and growth characteristics as primary mouse hepatic cells can be subcultured and produce albumin and cytokeratin-18 in vitro. Immortalized mouse hepatic cells did not show the characteristics of tumor cells, as alpha-fetoprotein levels were comparable (0.58 ± 0.37 vs 0.61 ± 0.31, P = 0.37). SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells were then transfected with the pHBV1.3 plasmid, and it was found that the HBV genome replicated in SV40LT-immortalized mouse hepatic cells. The levels of HBsAg and HBeAg continuously increased in the supernatant after the transfection of pHBV1.3, and began to decrease 72 h after transfection. The

  9. Engineering epitaxial γ-Al2O3 gate dielectric films on 4H-SiC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tanner, Carey M.; Toney, Michael F.; Lu, Jun; Blom, Hans-Olof; Sawkar-Mathur, Monica; Tafesse, Melat A.; Chang, Jane P.

    2007-11-01

    The formation of epitaxial γ-Al2O3 thin films on 4H-SiC was found to be strongly dependent on the film thickness. An abrupt interface was observed in films up to 200 Å thick with an epitaxial relationship of γ-Al2O3(111)‖4H-SiC(0001) and γ-Al2O3(44¯0)‖4H-SiC(112¯0). The in-plane alignment between the film and the substrate is nearly complete for γ-Al2O3 films up to 115 Å thick, but quickly diminishes in thicker films. The films are found to be slightly strained laterally in tension; the strain increases with thickness and then decreases in films thicker than 200 Å, indicating strain relaxation which is accompanied by increased misorientation. By controlling the structure of ultrathin Al2O3 films, metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitors with Al2O3 gate dielectrics on 4H-SiC were found to have a very low leakage current density, suggesting suitability of Al2O3 for SiC device integration.

  10. Probing the kinetic energy-release dynamics of H-atom products from the gas-phase reaction of O(3P) with vinyl radical C2H3.

    PubMed

    Jang, Su-Chan; Choi, Jong-Ho

    2014-11-21

    The gas-phase radical-radical reaction dynamics of ground-state atomic oxygen O((3)P) with vinyl radicals C2H3 has been studied by combining the results of vacuum-ultraviolet laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy in a crossed beam configuration with ab initio calculations. The two radical reactants O((3)P) and C2H3 were produced by photolysis of NO2 and supersonic flash pyrolysis of C2H3I, respectively. Doppler profile analysis of the kinetic energy release of the nascent H-atom products from the title reaction O((3)P) + C2H3H((2)S) + CH2CO (ketene) revealed that the average translational energy of the products and the average fraction of the total available energy were 7.03 ± 0.30 kcal mol(-1) and 7.2%. The empirical data combined with CBS-QB3 level ab initio theory and statistical calculations demonstrated that the title oxygen-hydrogen exchange reaction is a major reaction channel, through an addition-elimination mechanism involving the formation of a short-lived, dynamical complex on the doublet potential energy surface. On the basis of systematic comparison with several exchange reactions of hydrocarbon radicals, the observed kinetic energy release can be explained in terms of the weak impulse at the moment of decomposition in the loose transition state with a product-like geometry and a small reverse barrier along the exit channel.

  11. Multicentric Fibrosarcoma in a Cat and a Review of the Literature

    PubMed Central

    Harasen, G. L. G.

    1984-01-01

    A case of multicentric fibrosarcoma in a ten month old domestic short-haired cat is presented and discussed. Tumor tissue was found to involve the right distal forepaw, right shoulder area and a popliteal lymph node. This anaplastic neoplasm was concentrated primarily in subcutaneous tissues but also extended to muscle, bone and lung. The cat was found to be positive for feline leukemia virus by the ELISA test. Based on these findings, it is likely that the lesions in this case result from an interaction between the feline leukemia virus and feline sarcoma virus. ImagesFigures 1 and 2.Figure 3.Figure 4. PMID:17422403

  12. The reaction of O(1 D) with H2O and the reaction of OH with C3H6

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Simonaitis, R.; Heicklen, J.

    1972-01-01

    The N2O was photolyzed at 2139 A to produce O(1 D) atoms in the presence of H2O and CO. The O(1 D) atoms react with H2O to produce HO radicals, as measured by CO2 production from the reaction of OH with CO. The relative rate constant for O(1 D) removal by H2O compared to that by N2O is 2.1. In the presence of C3H6, the OH can be removed by reaction with either CO or C3H6.

  13. Anisotropic H c 2 , thermodynamic and transport measurements, and pressure dependence of T c in K 2 Cr 3 As 3 single crystals

    DOE PAGES

    Kong, Tai; Bud'ko, Sergey L.; Canfield, Paul C.

    2015-01-30

    We present a detailed study of single crystalline K 2Cr 3As 3 and analyze its thermodynamic and transport properties, anisotropic H c2(T), and initial pressure dependence of T c. In zero field, the temperature-dependent resistivity is metallic. Deviation from a linear temperature dependence is evident below 100 K and a T 3 dependence is roughly followed from just above T c (~10K) to ~40K. Anisotropic H c2(T) data were measured up to 140 kOe with field applied along and perpendicular to the rodlike crystals. For the applied field perpendicular to the rod, H c2(T) is linear with a slope ~–70more » kOe/K. For field applied along the rod, the slope is about –120 kOe/K below 70 kOe. Above 70 kOe, the magnitude of the slope decreases to ~–70 kOe/K. The electronic specific heat coefficient γ, just above T c, is 73 mJ/mol K 2; the Debye temperature Θ D is 220 K. As a result, the specific heat jump at the superconducting transition ΔC~2.2γT c. Finally, for hydrostatic pressures up to ~7 kbar, T c decreases under pressure linearly at a rate of –0.034K/kbar.« less

  14. Design and syntheses of hybrid metal-organic materials based on K3[M(C2O4)33H2O [M(III)=Fe, Al, Cr] metallotectons

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Sun, Yayong; Zong, Yingxia; Ma, Haoran; Zhang, Ao; Liu, Kang; Wang, Debao; Wang, Wenqiang; Wang, Lei

    2016-05-01

    By using K3[M(C2O4)33H2O [M(III)=Fe, Al, Cr] (C2O42-=oxalate) metallotectons as the starting material, we have synthesized eight novel complexes with formulas [{Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2}2]·(H-L1)2·H2O 1, [Fe(C2O4)Cl2]·(H2-L2)0.5·(L2)0.5·H2O 2, [{Fe(C2O4)1.5Cl2}2]·(H-L3)43, [Fe2(C2O4)Cl8]·(H2-L4)2·2H2O 4, K[Al(C2O4)3]·(H2-L5)·2H2O 5, K[Al(C2O4)3]·(H-L6)2·2H2O 6, K[Cr(C2O4)3]·2H2O 7, Na[Fe(C2O4)3]·(H-L6)2·2H2O 8 (with L1=4-dimethylaminopyridine, L2=2,3,5,6-tetramethylpyrazine, L3=2-aminobenzimidazole, L4=1,4-bis-(1H-imidazol-1-yl)benzene, L5=1,4-bis((2-methylimidazol-1-yl)methyl)benzene, L6=2-methylbenzimidazole). Their structures have been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction analyses, elemental analyses, IR spectra and thermogravimetric analyses. Compound 3 is a 2D H-bonded supramolecular architecture. Others are 3D supramolecular structures. Compound 1 shows a [Fe(C2O4)2(H2O)2]- unit and 3D antionic H-bonded framework. Compound 2 features a [Fe(C2O4)Cl2]- anion and 1D iron-oxalate-iron chain. Compound 3 features a [Fe2(C2O4)3Cl4]4- unit. Compound 4 features distinct [Fe2(C2O4)Cl8]4- units, which are mutual linked by water molecules to generated a 2D H-bonded network. Compound 5 features infinite ladder-like chains constructed by [Al(C2O4)3]3- units and K+ cations. The 1D chains are further extended into 3D antionic H-bonded framework through O-H···O H-bonds. Compounds 6-8 show 2D [KAl(C2O4)3]2- layer, [KCr(C2O4)3]2- layer and [NaFe(C2O4)3]2- layer, respectively.

  15. EPR study of gamma irradiated N-methyl taurine (C3H9NO3S) and sodium hydrogen sulphate monohydrate (NaHSO3·H2O) single crystals.

    PubMed

    Yıldırım, Ilkay; Karabulut, Bünyamin

    2011-03-01

    EPR study of gamma irradiated C(3)H(9)NO(3)S and NaHSO(3).H(2)O single crystals have been carried out at room temperature. There is one site for the radicals in C(3)H(9)NO(3)S and two magnetically distinct sites for the radicals in NaHSO(3). The observed lines in the EPR spectra have been attributed to the species of SO(3)(-) and RH radicals for N-methyl taurine, and to the SO(3)(-) and OH radicals for sodium hydrogen sulfate monohydrate single crystals. The principal values of the g for SO(3)(-), the hyperfine values of RH and OH proton splitting have been calculated and discussed. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  16. Sodium arsenite represses the expression of myogenin in C2C12 mouse myoblast cells through histone modifications and altered expression of Ezh2, Glp, and Igf-1

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Hong, Gia-Ming; Present address: The University of Chicago, Section of Hematology/Oncology, 900 E. 57th Street, Room 7134, Chicago, IL 60637; Bain, Lisa J., E-mail: lbain@clemson.edu

    2012-05-01

    Arsenic is a toxicant commonly found in water systems and chronic exposure can result in adverse developmental effects including increased neonatal death, stillbirths, and miscarriages, low birth weight, and altered locomotor activity. Previous studies indicate that 20 nM sodium arsenite exposure to C2C12 mouse myocyte cells delayed myoblast differentiation due to reduced myogenin expression, the transcription factor that differentiates myoblasts into myotubes. In this study, several mechanisms by which arsenic could alter myogenin expression were examined. Exposing differentiating C2C12 cells to 20 nM arsenic increased H3K9 dimethylation (H3K9me2) and H3K9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) by 3-fold near the transcription start site ofmore » myogenin, which is indicative of increased repressive marks, and reduced H3K9 acetylation (H3K9Ac) by 0.5-fold, indicative of reduced permissive marks. Protein expression of Glp or Ehmt1, a H3-K9 methyltransferase, was also increased by 1.6-fold in arsenic-exposed cells. In addition to the altered histone remodeling status on the myogenin promoter, protein and mRNA levels of Igf-1, a myogenic growth factor, were significantly repressed by arsenic exposure. Moreover, a 2-fold induction of Ezh2 expression, and an increased recruitment of Ezh2 (3.3-fold) and Dnmt3a (∼ 2-fold) to the myogenin promoter at the transcription start site (− 40 to + 42), were detected in the arsenic-treated cells. Together, we conclude that the repressed myogenin expression in arsenic-exposed C2C12 cells was likely due to a combination of reduced expression of Igf-1, enhanced nuclear expression and promoter recruitment of Ezh2, and altered histone remodeling status on myogenin promoter (− 40 to + 42). -- Highlights: ► Igf-1 expression is decreased in C2C12 cells after 20 nM arsenite exposure. ► Arsenic exposure alters histone remodeling on the myogenin promoter. ► Glp expression, a H3–K9 methyltransferase, was increased in arsenic-exposed cells

  17. Understanding overpressure in the FAA aerosol can test by C3H2F3Br (2-BTP)✩

    PubMed Central

    Linteris, Gregory Thomas; Babushok, Valeri Ivan; Pagliaro, John Leonard; Burgess, Donald Raymond; Manion, Jeffrey Alan; Takahashi, Fumiaki; Katta, Viswanath Reddy; Baker, Patrick Thomas

    2018-01-01

    Thermodynamic equilibrium calculations, as well as perfectly-stirred reactor (PSR) simulations with detailed reaction kinetics, are performed for a potential halon replacement, C3H2F3Br (2-BTP, C3H2F3Br, 2-Bromo-3,3,3-trifluoropropene), to understand the reasons for the unexpected enhanced combustion rather than suppression in a mandated FAA test. The high pressure rise with added agent is shown to depend on the amount of agent, and is well-predicted by an equilibrium model corresponding to stoichiometric reaction of fuel, oxygen, and agent. A kinetic model for the reaction of C3H2F3Br in hydrocarbon-air flames has been applied to understand differences in the chemical suppression behavior of C3H2F3Br vs. CF3Br in the FAA test. Stirred-reactor simulations predict that in the conditions of the FAA test, the inhibition effectiveness of C3H2F3Br at high agent loadings is relatively insensitive to the overall stoichiometry (for fuel-lean conditions), and the marginal inhibitory effect of the agent is greatly reduced, so that the mixture remains flammable over a wide range of conditions. Most important, the flammability of the agent-air mixtures themselves (when compressively preheated), can support low-strain flames which are much more difficult to extinguish than the easy-to extinguish, high-strain primary fireball from the impulsively released fuel mixture. Hence, the exothermic reaction of halogenated hydrocarbons in air should be considered in other situations with strong ignition sources and low strain flows, especially at preheated conditions. PMID:29628525

  18. Preparation of Proper Immunogen by Cloning and Stable Expression of cDNA coding for Human Hematopoietic Stem Cell Marker CD34 in NIH-3T3 Mouse Fibroblast Cell Line

    PubMed Central

    Shafaghat, Farzaneh; Abbasi-Kenarsari, Hajar; Majidi, Jafar; Movassaghpour, Ali Akbar; Shanehbandi, Dariush; Kazemi, Tohid

    2015-01-01

    Purpose: Transmembrane CD34 glycoprotein is the most important marker for identification, isolation and enumeration of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). We aimed in this study to clone the cDNA coding for human CD34 from KG1a cell line and stably express in mouse fibroblast cell line NIH-3T3. Such artificial cell line could be useful as proper immunogen for production of mouse monoclonal antibodies. Methods: CD34 cDNA was cloned from KG1a cell line after total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis. Pfu DNA polymerase-amplified specific band was ligated to pGEMT-easy TA-cloning vector and sub-cloned in pCMV6-Neo expression vector. After transfection of NIH-3T3 cells using 3 μg of recombinant construct and 6 μl of JetPEI transfection reagent, stable expression was obtained by selection of cells by G418 antibiotic and confirmed by surface flow cytometry. Results: 1158 bp specific band was aligned completely to reference sequence in NCBI database corresponding to long isoform of human CD34. Transient and stable expression of human CD34 on transfected NIH-3T3 mouse fibroblast cells was achieved (25% and 95%, respectively) as shown by flow cytometry. Conclusion: Cloning and stable expression of human CD34 cDNA was successfully performed and validated by standard flow cytometric analysis. Due to murine origin of NIH-3T3 cell line, CD34-expressing NIH-3T3 cells could be useful as immunogen in production of diagnostic monoclonal antibodies against human CD34. This approach could bypass the need for purification of recombinant proteins produced in eukaryotic expression systems. PMID:25789221

  19. The heparan sulphate deficient Hspg2 exon 3 null mouse displays reduced deposition of TGF-β1 in skin compared to C57BL/6 wild type mice.

    PubMed

    Shu, Cindy; Smith, Susan M; Melrose, James

    2016-06-01

    This was an observational study where we examined the role of perlecan HS on the deposition of TGF-β1 in C57BL/6 and Hspg2(∆3-/∆3-) perlecan exon 3 null mouse skin. Despite its obvious importance in skin repair and tissue homeostasis no definitive studies have immunolocalised TGF-β1 in skin in WT or Hspg2(∆3-/∆3-) perlecan exon 3 null mice. Vertical parasagittal murine dorsal skin from 3, 6 and 12 week old C57BL/6 and Hspg2(∆3-/∆3-) mice were fixed in neutral buffered formalin, paraffin embedded and 4 μm sections stained with Mayers haematoxylin and eosin (H & E). TGF-β1 was immunolocalised using a rabbit polyclonal antibody, heat retrieval and the Envision NovaRED detection system. Immunolocalisation of TGF-β1 differed markedly in C57BL/6 and Hspg2(∆3-/∆3-) mouse skin, ablation of exon 3 of Hspg2 resulted in a very severe reduction in the deposition of TGF-β1 in skin 3-12 weeks postnatally. The reduced deposition of TGF-β1 observed in the present study would be expected to impact detrimentally on the remodelling and healing capacity of skin in mutant mice compounding on the poor wound-healing properties already reported for perlecan exon 3 null mice due to an inability to signal with FGF-2 and promote angiogenic repair processes. TGF-β1 also has cell mediated effects in tissue homeostasis and matrix stabilisation a reduction in TGF-β1 deposition would therefore be expected to detrimentally impact on skin homeostasis in the perlecan mutant mice.

  20. Effective myotube formation in human adipose tissue-derived stem cells expressing dystrophin and myosin heavy chain by cellular fusion with mouse C2C12 myoblasts

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Eom, Young Woo; Biomedical Research Institute, Lifeliver Co., Ltd., Suwon; Lee, Jong Eun

    2011-04-29

    Highlights: {yields} hASCs were differentiated into skeletal muscle cells by treatment with 5-azacytidine, FGF-2, and the supernatant of cultured hASCs. {yields} Dystrophin and MyHC were expressed in late differentiation step by treatment with the supernatant of cultured hASCs. {yields} hASCs expressing dystrophin and MyHC contributed to myotube formation during co-culture with mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. -- Abstract: Stem cell therapy for muscular dystrophies requires stem cells that are able to participate in the formation of new muscle fibers. However, the differentiation steps that are the most critical for this process are not clear. We investigated the myogenic phases of humanmore » adipose tissue-derived stem cells (hASCs) step by step and the capability of myotube formation according to the differentiation phase by cellular fusion with mouse myoblast C2C12 cells. In hASCs treated with 5-azacytidine and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) for 1 day, the early differentiation step to express MyoD and myogenin was induced by FGF-2 treatment for 6 days. Dystrophin and myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression was induced by hASC conditioned medium in the late differentiation step. Myotubes were observed only in hASCs undergoing the late differentiation step by cellular fusion with C2C12 cells. In contrast, hASCs that were normal or in the early stage were not involved in myotube formation. Our results indicate that stem cells expressing dystrophin and MyHC are more suitable for myotube formation by co-culture with myoblasts than normal or early differentiated stem cells expressing MyoD and myogenin.« less

  1. Multi-level study of C3H2: The first interstellar hydrocarbon ring

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Madden, S. C.; Irvine, W. M.; Matthews, H. E.; Avery, L. W.

    1986-01-01

    Cyclic species in the interstellar medium have been searched for almost since the first detection of interstellar polyatomic molecules. Eleven different C3H2 rotational transitions were detected; 9 of which were studied in TMC-1, a nearby dark dust cloud, are shown. The 1 sub 10 yields 1 sub 01 and 2 sub 20 yields 2 sub 11 transitions were observed with the 43 m NRAO telescope, while the remaining transitions were detected with the 14 m antenna of the Five College Radio Observatory (FCRAO). The lines detected in TMC-1 have energies above the ground state ranging from 0.9 to 17.1 K and consist of both ortho and para species. Limited maps were made along the ridge for several of the transitions. The HC3N J = 2 yields 1 transition were mapped simultaneously with the C3H2 1 sub 10 yields 1 sub 01 line and therefore can compare the distribution of this ring with a carbon chain in TMC-1. C3H2 is distributed along a narrow ridge with a SE - NW extension which is slightly more extended than the HC2N J = 2 yields 1. Gaussian fits gives a FWHP extension of 8'5 for C3H2 while HC3N has a FWHP of 7'. The data show variations of the two velocity components along the ridge as a function of transition. Most of the transitions show a peak at the position of strongest HC3N emission while the 2 sub 21 yields 2 sub 10 transition shows a peak at the NH3 position.

  2. NV centers in 3 C ,4 H , and 6 H silicon carbide: A variable platform for solid-state qubits and nanosensors

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    von Bardeleben, H. J.; Cantin, J. L.; Csóré, A.; Gali, A.; Rauls, E.; Gerstmann, U.

    2016-09-01

    The outstanding magneto-optical properties of the nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center in diamond have stimulated the search for similar systems. We show here that NV triplet centers can also be generated in all the main SiC polytypes. We have identified by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy and first-principles calculations the axial NV- pairs in 3 C ,4 H , and 6 H SiC, showing polytype and lattice site-specific magnetic and optical properties. We demonstrate very efficient room-temperature spin polarization of the ground state upon near infrared optical excitation for the NV center in 3 C SiC and axial NV centers in the hexagonal (4 H ,6 H ) polytypes; the signals of basal pairs are much lower in intensity. Axial NV centers in hexagonal SiC polytypes and thus constitute unidirectional ensembles which may be useful in nanosensing applications.

  3. Cloning and sequence analysis of a cDNA clone coding for the mouse GM2 activator protein.

    PubMed Central

    Bellachioma, G; Stirling, J L; Orlacchio, A; Beccari, T

    1993-01-01

    A cDNA (1.1 kb) containing the complete coding sequence for the mouse GM2 activator protein was isolated from a mouse macrophage library using a cDNA for the human protein as a probe. There was a single ATG located 12 bp from the 5' end of the cDNA clone followed by an open reading frame of 579 bp. Northern blot analysis of mouse macrophage RNA showed that there was a single band with a mobility corresponding to a size of 2.3 kb. We deduce from this that the mouse mRNA, in common with the mRNA for the human GM2 activator protein, has a long 3' untranslated sequence of approx. 1.7 kb. Alignment of the mouse and human deduced amino acid sequences showed 68% identity overall and 75% identity for the sequence on the C-terminal side of the first 31 residues, which in the human GM2 activator protein contains the signal peptide. Hydropathicity plots showed great similarity between the mouse and human sequences even in regions of low sequence similarity. There is a single N-glycosylation site in the mouse GM2 activator protein sequence (Asn151-Phe-Thr) which differs in its location from the single site reported in the human GM2 activator protein sequence (Asn63-Val-Thr). Images Figure 1 PMID:7689829

  4. Histamine H3 receptors aggravate cerebral ischaemic injury by histamine-independent mechanisms

    PubMed Central

    Yan, Haijing; Zhang, Xiangnan; Hu, Weiwei; Ma, Jing; Hou, Weiwei; Zhang, Xingzhou; Wang, Xiaofen; Gao, Jieqiong; Shen, Yao; Lv, Jianxin; Ohtsu, Hiroshi; Han, Feng; Wang, Guanghui; Chen, Zhong

    2014-01-01

    The role of the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) in cerebral ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury remains unknown. Here we show that H3R expression is upregulated after I/R in two mouse models. H3R antagonists and H3R knockout attenuate I/R injury, which is reversed by an H3R-selective agonist. Interestingly, H1R and H2R antagonists, a histidine decarboxylase (HDC) inhibitor and HDC knockout all fail to compromise the protection by H3R blockade. H3R blockade inhibits mTOR phosphorylation and reinforces autophagy. The neuroprotection by H3R antagonism is reversed by 3-methyladenine and siRNA for Atg7, and is diminished in Atg5−/− mouse embryonic fibroblasts. Furthermore, the peptide Tat-H3RCT414-436, which blocks CLIC4 binding with H3Rs, or siRNA for CLIC4, further increases I/R-induced autophagy and protects against I/R injury. Therefore, H3R promotes I/R injury while its antagonism protects against ischaemic injury via histamine-independent mechanisms that involve suppressing H3R/CLIC4 binding-activated autophagy, suggesting that H3R inhibition is a therapeutic target for cerebral ischaemia. PMID:24566390

  5. Calmodulin-mediated activation of Akt regulates survival of c-Myc-overexpressing mouse mammary carcinoma cells.

    PubMed

    Deb, Tushar B; Coticchia, Christine M; Dickson, Robert B

    2004-09-10

    c-Myc-overexpressing mammary epithelial cells are proapoptotic; their survival is strongly promoted by epidermal growth factor (EGF). We now demonstrate that EGF-induced Akt activation and survival in transgenic mouse mammary tumor virus-c-Myc mouse mammary carcinoma cells are both calcium/calmodulin-dependent. Akt activation is abolished by the phospholipase C-gamma inhibitor U-73122, by the intracellular calcium chelator BAPTA-AM, and by the specific calmodulin antagonist W-7. These results implicate calcium/calmodulin in the activation of Akt in these cells. In addition, Akt activation by serum and insulin is also inhibited by W-7. EGF-induced and calcium/calmodulin-mediated Akt activation occurs in both tumorigenic and non-tumorigenic mouse and human mammary epithelial cells, independent of their overexpression of c-Myc. These results imply that calcium/calmodulin may be a common regulator of Akt activation, irrespective of upstream receptor activator, mammalian species, and transformation status in mammary epithelial cells. However, only c-Myc-overexpressing mouse mammary carcinoma cells (but not normal mouse mammary epithelial cells) undergo apoptosis in the presence of the calmodulin antagonist W-7, indicating the vital selective role of calmodulin for survival of these cells. Calcium/calmodulin-regulated Akt activation is mediated directly by neither calmodulin kinases nor phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI-3 kinase). Pharmacological inhibitors of calmodulin kinase kinase and calmodulin kinases II and III do not inhibit EGF-induced Akt activation, and calmodulin antagonist W-7 does not inhibit phosphotyrosine-associated PI-3 kinase activation. Akt is, however, co-immunoprecipitated with calmodulin in an EGF-dependent manner, which is inhibited by calmodulin antagonist W-7. We conclude that calmodulin may serve a vital regulatory function to direct the localization of Akt to the plasma membrane for its activation by PI-3 kinase.

  6. In vitro three-dimensional coculturing poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate with mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells for myocardial patch application.

    PubMed

    Shijun, Xu; Junsheng, Mu; Jianqun, Zhang; Ping, Bo

    2016-03-01

    Identifying a suitable polymeric biomaterial for myocardial patch repair following myocardial infarction, cerebral infarction, and cartilage injury is essential. This study aimed to investigate the effect of the novel polymer material, poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate, on the adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells in vitro. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells were isolated, expanded, and cultured on either two-dimensional or three-dimensional poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate films (membranes were perforated to imitate three-dimensional space). Following attachment onto the films, mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell morphology was visualized using scanning electron microscopy. Cell vitality was detected using the Cell Counting Kit-8 assay and cell proliferation was observed using fluorescent 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) staining. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells were induced into cardiomyocytes by differentiation medium containing vitamin C. A control group in the absence of an inducer was included. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell survival and differentiation were observed using immunofluorescence and flow cytometry, respectively. Mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells growth, proliferation, and differentiation were observed on both two-dimensional and three-dimensional poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate films. Vitamin C markedly improved the efficiency of mouse-induced pluripotent stem cells differentiation into cardiomyocytes on poly3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate films. Three-dimensional culture was better at promoting mouse-induced pluripotent stem cell proliferation and differentiation compared with two-dimensional culture. © The Author(s) 2016.

  7. Cryopreserved mouse fetal liver stromal cells treated with mitomycin C are able to support the growth of human embryonic stem cells.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Wei; Hu, Jiabo; Ma, Quanhui; Hu, Sanqiang; Wang, Yanyan; Wen, Xiangmei; Ma, Yongbin; Xu, Hong; Qian, Hui; Xu, Wenrong

    2014-09-01

    An immortalized mouse fetal liver stromal cell line, named KM3, has demonstrated the potential to support the growth and maintenance of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In this study, the characteristics of KM3 cells were examined following cryopreservation at -70°C and in liquid nitrogen for 15, 30 and 60 days following treatment with 10 μg/ml mitomycin C. In addition, whether the KM3 cells were suitable for use as feeder cells to support the growth of hESCs was evaluated. The inhibition of mitosis without cell death was observed when the KM3 cells were treated with 10 μg/ml mitomycin C for 2 h. The morphology of the KM3 cells cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 60 days was not markedly changed, and the cell survival rate was 84.60±1.14%. By contrast, the survival rate of the KM3 cells was 66.40±2.88% following cryopreservation at -70°C for 60 days; the cells readily detached, were maintained for a shorter time, and had a reduced expression level of basic fibroblast growth factor. hESCs cultured on KM3 cells cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen for 60 days showed the typical bird's nest structure, with clear boundaries and a differentiation rate of 16.33±2.08%. The differentiation rate of hESCs cultured on KM3 cells cryopreserved at -70°C for 60 days was 37.67±3.51%. These results indicate that the cryopreserved KM3 cells treated with mitomycin C may be directly used in the subculture of hESCs, and the effect is relatively good with -70°C short-term or liquid nitrogen cryopreservation.

  8. Beyond 3 Au from the Sun: the Hypervolatiles CH4, C2H6, and CO in the Distant Comet C2006 W3 (Christensen)

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bonev, Boncho P.; Villanueva, Geronimo L.; Disanti, Michael A.; Boehnhardt, Hermann; Lippi, Manuela; Gibb, Erika L.; Paganini, Lucas; Mumma, Michael J.

    2017-01-01

    Comet C/2006 W3 (Christensen) remained outside a heliocentric distance (Rh) of 3.1 au throughout its apparition, but it presented an exceptional opportunity to directly sense a suite of molecules released from its nucleus. The Cryogenic Infrared Echelle Spectrograph at ESO-VLT detected infrared emissions from the three hypervolatiles (CO, CH4, and C2H6) that have the lowest sublimation temperatures among species that are commonly studied in comets by remote sensing. Even at Rh 3.25 au, the production rate of each molecule exceeded those measured for the same species in a number of other comets, although these comets were observed much closer to the Sun. Detections of CO at Rh = 3.25, 4.03, and 4.73 au constrained its post-perihelion decrease in production rate, which most likely dominated the outgassing. At 3.25 au, our measured abundances scaled as CO/CH4/C2H6 approx. = 100/4.4/2.1. The C2H6/CH4 ratio falls within the range of previously studied comets at Rh < 2 au, while CO/CH4 is comparatively high and similar to in situ measurements from Rosetta at approx.10 km from the nucleus of 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko conducted at a very similar Rh (3.15 au). The independent detections of H2O (Herschel Space Observatory) and CO (this work) imply a coma abundance H2O/CO approx. = 20% in C/2006 W3 near Rh = 5 au. All these measurements are of high value for constraining models of nucleus sublimation (plausibly CO-driven) beyond Rh = 3au, where molecular detections in comets are still especially sparse.

  9. The Murine Factor H-Related Protein FHR-B Promotes Complement Activation.

    PubMed

    Cserhalmi, Marcell; Csincsi, Ádám I; Mezei, Zoltán; Kopp, Anne; Hebecker, Mario; Uzonyi, Barbara; Józsi, Mihály

    2017-01-01

    Factor H-related (FHR) proteins consist of varying number of complement control protein domains that display various degrees of sequence identity to respective domains of the alternative pathway complement inhibitor factor H (FH). While such FHR proteins are described in several species, only human FHRs were functionally investigated. Their biological role is still poorly understood and in part controversial. Recent studies on some of the human FHRs strongly suggest a role for FHRs in enhancing complement activation via competing with FH for binding to certain ligands and surfaces. The aim of the current study was the functional characterization of a murine FHR, FHR-B. To this end, FHR-B was expressed in recombinant form. Recombinant FHR-B bound to human C3b and was able to compete with human FH for C3b binding. FHR-B supported the assembly of functionally active C3bBb alternative pathway C3 convertase via its interaction with C3b. This activity was confirmed by demonstrating C3 activation in murine serum. In addition, FHR-B bound to murine pentraxin 3 (PTX3), and this interaction resulted in murine C3 fragment deposition due to enhanced complement activation in mouse serum. FHR-B also induced C3 deposition on C-reactive protein, the extracellular matrix (ECM) extract Matrigel, and endothelial cell-derived ECM when exposed to mouse serum. Moreover, mouse C3 deposition was strongly enhanced on necrotic Jurkat T cells and the mouse B cell line A20 by FHR-B. FHR-B also induced lysis of sheep erythrocytes when incubated in mouse serum with FHR-B added in excess. Altogether, these data demonstrate that, similar to human FHR-1 and FHR-5, mouse FHR-B modulates complement activity by promoting complement activation via interaction with C3b and via competition with murine FH.

  10. CW deuterium fluoride chemical laser with reactant combination C2H4/NF3

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jiang, Zhongfu; Hua, Weihong

    1998-05-01

    The characters of combustion driven cw deuterium fluoride (DF) chemical laser with C2H4/NF3 reactant were numerically investigated. The numerical simulation was carried out using compressibility scaling method--a finite difference technique for the numerical integration of the steady and unsteady Navier-stokes equations for reactive flow. The small signal gain and the flow field were calculated. The numerical results shown that active zone length of the cw DF chemical laser with C2H4/NF3 is very long, which is about 6 cm, and the average cavity pressure is about 7 torr as the combustion pressure is about 1.5 atm. These results shown that the DF chemical laser with C2H4/NF3 is suitable for high cavity pressure performance.

  11. Metabolic inactivation of 2-oxiranylmethyl 2-ethyl-2,5-dimethylhexanoate (C10GE) in skin, lung and liver of human, rat and mouse.

    PubMed

    Boogaard, P J; van Elburg, P A; de Kloe, K P; Watson, W P; van Sittert, N J

    1999-10-01

    The inactivation of 2-oxiranylmethyl 2-ethyl-2,5-dimethylhexanoate (C10GE), one of the most abundant isomers of the epoxy-resin Carduras E-10 glycidyl ester, was studied in subcellular fractions of human, C3H mouse and F344 rat liver, lung and skin. C10GE is chemically very stable and resistant to aqueous hydrolysis, but it was rapidly metabolized in both cytosolic and microsomal fractions of all organs by epoxide hydrolase (EH)-catalysed hydrolysis of the epoxide moiety as well as carboxylesterase (CE)-catalysed hydrolysis of the ester bond. In cytosol the epoxide group was also efficiently conjugated with glutathione, catalysed by glutathione S-transferase (GST), but this conjugation was much less important than hydrolysis in human as well as rodent samples. Although CE-catalysed hydrolysis of C10GE would theoretically give rise to the formation of glycidol, a directly acting mutagen, it is highly unlikely that any significant level of glycidol would occur in vivo since reported rates of inactivation of glycidol exceed the total rate of hydrolysis of C10GE. The overall rates of inactivation in vitro decreased in the following order: mouse > rat > human. Scaling of the data in vitro to clearances in vivo suggests that the detoxifying capacity in the rodents is similar and about an order of magnitude greater than in human. Nevertheless, the rate of inactivation is 2-3 orders of magnitude greater than for simple epoxides such as butadiene monoxide and about one order of magnitude higher than for the diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (BADGE). The transdermal penetration and metabolism of [14C]-C10GE was studied in fresh full-thickness mouse, and dermatomized human and rat skin. Of the total radioactivity applied on the skin, only 0.24+/-0.06 (SD), 1.8+/-0.2 and 6.8+/-0.6% penetrated through human, mouse and rat skin respectively. The corresponding apparent skin permeability constants were 0.81, 6.42 and 26.4 x 10(-6) cm/h. During transdermal penetration, [14C]-C10GE

  12. An exploration of the antioxidant effects of garlic saponins in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts.

    PubMed

    Kang, Ji Sook; Kim, Sung Ok; Kim, Gi-Young; Hwang, Hye Jin; Kim, Byung Woo; Chang, Young-Chae; Kim, Wun-Jae; Kim, Cheol Min; Yoo, Young Hyun; Choi, Yung Hyun

    2016-01-01

    In this study, we aimed to confirm the protective effects of garlic saponins against oxidative stress-induced cellular damage and to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms in mouse-derived C2C12 myoblasts. Relative cell viability was determined by 3-(4.5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2.5 diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay. Comet assay was used to measure DNA damage and oxidative stress was determined using 2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate to measure intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation. Western blot analysis and small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based knockdown were used in order to investigate the possible molecular mechanisms. Our results revealed that garlic saponins prevented hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced growth inhibition and exhibited scavenging activity against intracellular ROS. We also observed that garlic saponins prevented H2O2-induced comet tail formation and decreased the phosphorylation levels of γH2AX expression, suggesting that they can prevent H2O2-induced DNA damage. In addition, garlic saponins increased the levels of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), a potent antioxidant enzyme associated with the induction and phosphorylation of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) and the translocation of Nrf2 from the cytosol into the nucleus. However, the protective effects of garlic saponins on H2O2-induced ROS generation and growth inhibition were significantly reduced by zinc protoporphyrin Ⅸ, an HO-1 competitive inhibitor. In addition, the potential of garlic saponins to mediate HO-1 induction and protect against H2O2‑mediated growth inhibition was adversely affected by transient transfection with Nrf2-specific siRNA. Garlic saponins activated extracellular signal‑regulated kinase (ERK) signaling, whereas a specific ERK inhibitor was able to inhibit HO-1 upregulation, as well as Nrf2 induction and phosphorylation. Taken together, the findings of our study suggest that garlic saponins activate the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway by enabling

  13. Computed rate coefficients and product yields for c-C5H5 + CH3 --> products.

    PubMed

    Sharma, Sandeep; Green, William H

    2009-08-06

    Using quantum chemical methods, we have explored the region of the C6H8 potential energy surface that is relevant in predicting the rate coefficients of various wells and major product channels following the reaction between cyclopentadienyl radical and methyl radical, c-C5H5 + CH3. Variational transition state theory is used to calculate the high-pressure-limit rate coefficient for all of the barrierless reactions. RRKM theory and the master equation are used to calculate the pressure dependent rate coefficients for 12 reactions. The calculated results are compared with the limited experimental data available in the literature and the agreement between the two is quite good. All of the rate coefficients calculated in this work are tabulated and can be used in building detailed chemical kinetic models.

  14. Experimental and ab initio studies of the reactive processes in gas phase i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}Br and i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH collisions with potassium ions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    López, E.; Lucas, J. M.; Andrés, J. de

    2014-10-28

    Collisions between potassium ions and neutral i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}Br and i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH, all in their electronic ground state, have been studied in the 0.10–10.00 eV center of mass (CM) collision energy range, using the radiofrequency-guided ion beam technique. In K{sup +} + i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}Br collisions KHBr{sup +} formation was observed and quantified, while the analogous KH{sub 2}O{sup +} formation in K{sup +} + i-C{sub 3}H{sub 7}OH was hardly detected. Moreover, formation of the ion-molecule adducts and their decomposition leading to C{sub 3}H{sub 7}{sup +} and either KBr or KOH, respectively, have been observed. For all these processes, absolutemore » cross-sections were measured as a function of the CM collision energy. Ab initio structure calculations at the MP2 level have given information about the potential energy surfaces (PESs) involved. In these, different stationary points have been characterized using the reaction coordinate method, their connectivity being ensured by using the intrinsic-reaction-coordinate method. From the measured excitation function for KHBr{sup +} formation the corresponding thermal rate constant at 303 K has been calculated. The topology of the calculated PESs allows an interpretation of the main features of the reaction dynamics of both systems, and in particular evidence the important role played by the potential energy wells in controlling the reactivity for the different reaction channels.« less

  15. The C3H-type zinc finger protein GDS1/C3H42 is a nuclear-speckle-localized protein that is essential for normal growth and development in Arabidopsis.

    PubMed

    Kim, Dae Won; Jeon, Su Jeong; Hwang, Sung Min; Hong, Jong Chan; Bahk, Jeong Dong

    2016-09-01

    Eukaryotic C3H-type zinc finger proteins (Znfs) comprise a large family of regulatory proteins involved in many aspects of plant stress response, growth and development. However, compared to mammalian, only a few plant Znfs have been functionally characterized. Here, T-DNA inserted gds1 (growth, development and splicing 1) mutant, displayed abnormal growth throughout the lifecycle owing to the reduction of cell size and number. Inverse PCR analysis revealed that the abnormal growth was caused by the disruption of At3g47120, which encodes a C3H42 protein belonging to the C-X7-C-X5-C-X3-H class of the Znf family. GDS1 was ubiquitously transcribed, but shows high levels of expression in young seedling and unexpanded new leaves. In gds1, the transcripts of many growth- and development-related genes were down-regulated, and the auxin response was dramatically reduced. A fluorescence-based assay revealed that the GDS1 protein was localized to the nucleus, prominently in the speckle compartments. Its arginine/serine dipeptide-rich-like (RS-like) domain was essential for nuclear localization. In addition, the SR1, SRm102 and U1-70K components of the U1 spliceosome interacted with GDS1 in the nuclear speckle compartments. Taken together, these suggest that GDS1, a nuclear-speckle-associated Znf, might play a significant role in splicing during plant growth and development. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

  16. Development of amnesia in different mouse strains.

    PubMed

    Sinovyev, D R; Dubrovina, N I; Kulikov, A V

    2009-05-01

    We studied passive avoidance retrieval after amnestic stimulation (arrest in unsafe section of the experimental setup) in C57Bl/6J, BALB/c, CBA/Lac, AKR/J, DBA/2J, C3H/HeJ, and ASC/Icg mice. We demonstrated resistance to amnestic stimulation in mice with high predisposition to freezing reaction (ASC/Icg) and memory deficit in other mouse strains.

  17. Highly Reactive Scandium Phosphinoalkylidene Complex: C-H and H-H Bonds Activation.

    PubMed

    Mao, Weiqing; Xiang, Li; Alvarez Lamsfus, Carlos; Maron, Laurent; Leng, Xuebing; Chen, Yaofeng

    2017-01-25

    The first scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex was synthesized and structurally characterized. The complex has the shortest Sc-C bond lengths reported to date (2.089(3) Å). DFT calculations reveal the presence of a three center π interaction in the complex. This scandium phosphinoalkylidene complex undergoes intermolecular C-H bond activation of pyridine, 4-dimethylamino pyridine and 1,3-dimethylpyrazole at room temperature. Furthermore, the complex rapidly activates H 2 under mild conditions. DFT calculations also demonstrate that the C-H activation of 1,3-dimethylpyrazole is selective for thermodynamic reasons and the relatively slow reaction is due to the need of fully breaking the chelating effect of the phosphino group to undergo the reaction whereas this is not the case for H 2 .

  18. Pathways to Oxygen-Bearing Molecules in the Interstellar Medium and in Planetary Atmospheres: Cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) and Propynal (HCCCHO)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Li; Kaiser, Ralf I.; Gao, Li Gyun; Chang, Agnes H. H.; Liang, Mao-Chang; Yung, Yuk L.

    2008-10-01

    We investigated the formation of two C3H2O isomers, i.e., cyclopropenone (c-C3H2O) and propynal (HCCCHO), in binary ice mixtures of carbon monoxide (CO) and acetylene (C2H2) at 10 K in an ultrahigh vacuum machine on high-energy electron irradiation. The chemical evolution of the ice samples was followed online and in situ via a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer and a quadrupole mass spectrometer. The temporal profiles of the cyclopropenone and propynal isomers suggest (pseudo-) first-order kinetics. The cyclic structure (c-C3H2O) is formed via an addition of triplet carbon monoxide to ground-state acetylene (or vice versa); propynal (HCCCHO) can be synthesized from a carbon monoxide-acetylene complex via a [HCO...CCH] radical pair inside the matrix cage. These laboratory studies showed for the first time that both C3H2O isomers can be formed in low-temperature ices via nonequilibrium chemistry initiated by energetic electrons as formed in the track of Galactic cosmic ray particles penetrating interstellar icy grains in cold molecular clouds. Our results can explain the hitherto unresolved gas phase abundances of cyclopropenone in star-forming regions via sublimation of c-C3H2O as formed on icy grains in the cold molecular cloud stage. Implications for the heterogeneous oxygen chemistry of Titan and icy terrestrial planets and satellites suggest that the production of oxygen-bearing molecules such as C3H2O may dominate on aerosol particles compared to pure gas phase chemistry.

  19. Laser-induced fluorescence studies of excited Sr reactions: II. Sr(3P1)+CH3F, C2H5F, C2H4F2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Teule, J. M.; Janssen, M. H. M.; Bulthuis, J.; Stolte, S.

    1999-06-01

    The vibrational and rotational energy distributions of ground state SrF(X 2Σ) formed in the reactions of electronically excited Sr(3P1) with methylfluoride, ethylfluoride, and 1,1-difluoroethane have been studied by laser-induced fluorescence. Although the reactions of ground state Sr with these reactants are exothermic, no SrF products are observed for those reactions in this study. The fraction of available energy disposed into the sum of rotational and vibrational energy of the SrF(X 2Σ) product is approximately the same for all three reactions, i.e., 40%. The reaction of Sr(3P1) with CH3F results in very low vibrational excitation in the SrF reaction product. The product vibration increases in going to C2H5F and C2H4F2. It is concluded that the alkyl group influences the energy disposal mechanism in these reactions, and some suggestions are given for a partial explanation of the observations.

  20. Dietary Walnut Suppressed Mammary Gland Tumorigenesis in the C(3)1 TAg Mouse

    PubMed Central

    Hardman, W. Elaine; Ion, Gabriela; Akinsete, Juliana A.; Witte, Theodore R.

    2011-01-01

    Walnuts contain multiple ingredients that, individually, have been shown to slow cancer growth, including omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants, and phytosterols. In previous research, consumption of walnuts has slowed the growth of implanted breast cancers. We wanted to determine whether regular walnut consumption might reduce the risk for developing cancer. Homozygous male C(3)1 TAg mice were bred with female SV129 mice consuming either the control AIN-76 diet or the walnut-containing diet. At weaning, the female hemizygous pups were randomized to control or walnut-containing diets and followed for tumor development. Compared to a diet without walnuts, consumption of walnuts significantly reduced tumor incidence (fraction of mice with at least one tumor), multiplicity (number of glands with tumor/mouse), and size. Gene expression analyses indicated that consumption of the walnut diet altered expression of multiple genes associated with proliferation and differentiation of mammary epithelial cells. A comparison with another dietary intervention indicated that the omega 3 content alone did not account for the extent of tumor suppression due to the walnut. The results of this study indicate that walnut consumption could contribute to a healthy diet to reduce risk for breast cancer. PMID:21774594

  1. The pleiotropic mouse phenotype extra-toes spotting is caused by translation initiation factor Eif3c mutations and is associated with disrupted sonic hedgehog signaling.

    PubMed

    Gildea, Derek E; Luetkemeier, Erin S; Bao, Xiaozhong; Loftus, Stacie K; Mackem, Susan; Yang, Yingzi; Pavan, William J; Biesecker, Leslie G

    2011-05-01

    Polydactyly is a common malformation and can be an isolated anomaly or part of a pleiotropic syndrome. The elucidation of the mutated genes that cause polydactyly provides insight into limb development pathways. The extra-toes spotting (Xs) mouse phenotype manifests anterior polydactyly, predominantly in the forelimbs, with ventral hypopigmenation. The mapping of Xs(J) to chromosome 7 was confirmed, and the interval was narrowed to 322 kb using intersubspecific crosses. Two mutations were identified in eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3 subunit C (Eif3c). An Eif3c c.907C>T mutation (p.Arg303X) was identified in Xs(J), and a c.1702_1758del mutation (p.Leu568_Leu586del) was identified in extra-toes spotting-like (Xsl), an allele of Xs(J). The effect of the Xs(J) mutation on the SHH/GLI3 pathway was analyzed by in situ hybridization analysis, and we show that Xs mouse embryos have ectopic Shh and Ptch1 expression in the anterior limb. In addition, anterior limb buds show aberrant Gli3 processing, consistent with perturbed SHH/GLI3 signaling. Based on the occurrence of Eif3c mutations in 2 Xs lines and haploinsufficiency of the Xs(J) allele, we conclude that the Xs phenotype is caused by a mutation in Eif3c, a component of the translation initiation complex, and that the phenotype is associated with aberrant SHH/GLI3 signaling.

  2. Temperature-dependent infrared optical properties of 3C-, 4H- and 6H-SiC

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Tong, Zhen; Liu, Linhua; Li, Liangsheng; Bao, Hua

    2018-05-01

    The temperature-dependent optical properties of cubic (3C) and hexagonal (4H and 6H) silicon carbide are investigated in the infrared range of 2-16 μm both by experimental measurements and numerical simulations. The temperature in experimental measurement is up to 593 K, while the numerical method can predict the optical properties at elevated temperatures. To investigate the temperature effect, the temperature-dependent damping parameter in the Lorentz model is calculated based on anharmonic lattice dynamics method, in which the harmonic and anharmonic interatomic force constants are determined from first-principles calculations. The infrared phonon modes of silicon carbide are determined from first-principles calculations. Based on first-principles calculations, the Lorentz model is parameterized without any experimental fitting data and the temperature effect is considered. In our investigations, we find that the increasing temperature induces a small reduction of the reflectivity in the range of 10-13 μm. More importantly, it also shows that our first-principles calculations can predict the infrared optical properties at high-temperature effectively which is not easy to be obtained through experimental measurements.

  3. The effect of radiation therapy combined with natural killer cells against spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma.

    PubMed

    Nakagawa, K; Yoshida, F; Omori, N; Tsunoda, T; Nose, T

    1990-01-01

    The effect of radiation therapy combined with lymphoid cells against spontaneous murine fibrosarcoma (FSa-II) was investigated both in vivo and in vitro. In the in vivo experiment, syngeneic C3H mice were divided into 3 groups. Animals in the first group were injected with 1 x 10(5) tumor cells into the right hind leg. Animals in the second and third groups were injected with 1 x 10(5) tumor cells mixed with 1 x 10(7) normal lymphoid cells (NLC) or effector lymphoid cells (ELC), respectively. ELC were obtained from spleen and lymph nodes of FSa-II-bearing mice and incubated in vitro for 40 hr to eliminate suppressor T cell function. NLC were obtained from normal mice and incubated in the same way. Irradiation was given using 137Cs unit 3 days after cell inoculation. 12 out of 14 mice (85.7%) inoculated with tumor cells mixed with NLC did not show any tumor growth at 60 Gy local irradiation. 12 out of 21 mice (57.1%) inoculated with tumor cells alone and 6 out of 10 (60%) with tumor cells mixed with ELC rejected tumors at the same radiation dose. This synergistic effect with NLC was not observed when NLC was inoculated after irradiation, indicating that lymphoid cells should be in contact with tumor cells before irradiation. In the 51Cr release assay, lymphoid cells obtained from whole body irradiated (WBI) mice showed 17.8% lysis without irradiation and 28.8% lysis at 5 Gy irradiation. Untreated NLC showed almost no cytotoxic effect at the same radiation dose. This synergistic effect disappeared when WBI lymphoid cells were treated with anti asialo GM1 and complement.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

  4. MacroH2A1 associates with nuclear lamina and maintains chromatin architecture in mouse liver cells.

    PubMed

    Fu, Yuhua; Lv, Pin; Yan, Guoquan; Fan, Hui; Cheng, Lu; Zhang, Feng; Dang, Yongjun; Wu, Hao; Wen, Bo

    2015-11-25

    In the interphase nucleus, chromatin is organized into three-dimensional conformation to coordinate genome functions. The lamina-chromatin association is important to facilitate higher-order chromatin in mammalian cells, but its biological significances and molecular mechanisms remain poorly understood. One obstacle is that the list of lamina-associated proteins remains limited, presumably due to the inherent insolubility of lamina proteins. In this report, we identified 182 proteins associated with lamin B1 (a constitutive component of lamina) in mouse hepatocytes, by adopting virus-based proximity-dependent biotin identification. These proteins are functionally related to biological processes such as chromatin organization. As an example, we validated the association between lamin B1 and core histone macroH2A1, a histone associated with repressive chromatin. Furthermore, we mapped Lamina-associated domains (LADs) in mouse liver cells and found that boundaries of LADs are enriched for macroH2A. More interestingly, knocking-down of macroH2A1 resulted in the release of heterochromatin foci marked by histone lysine 9 trimethylation (H3K9me3) and the decondensation of global chromatin structure. However, down-regulation of lamin B1 led to redistribution of macroH2A1. Taken together, our data indicated that macroH2A1 is associated with lamina and is required to maintain chromatin architecture in mouse liver cells.

  5. Modafinil inhibits K(Ca)3.1 currents and muscle contraction via a cAMP-dependent mechanism.

    PubMed

    Choi, Shinkyu; Kim, Moon Young; Joo, Ka Young; Park, Seonghee; Kim, Ji Aee; Jung, Jae-Chul; Oh, Seikwan; Suh, Suk Hyo

    2012-07-01

    Modafinil has been used as a psychostimulant for the treatment of narcolepsy. However, its primary mechanism of action remains elusive. Therefore, we examined the effects of modafinil on K(Ca)3.1 channels and vascular smooth muscle contraction. K(Ca)3.1 currents and channel activity were measured using a voltage-clamp technique and inside-out patches in mouse embryonic fibroblast cell line, NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. Intracellular adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) concentration was measured, and the phosphorylation of K(Ca)3.1 channel protein was examined using western blotting in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts and/or primary cultured mouse aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs). Muscle contractions were recorded from mouse aorta and rat pulmonary artery by using a myograph developed in-house. Modafinil was found to inhibit K(Ca)3.1 currents in a concentration-dependent manner, and the half-maximal inhibition (IC(50)) of modafinil for the current inhibition was 6.8 ± 0.7 nM. The protein kinase A (PKA) activator forskolin also inhibited K(Ca)3.1 currents. The inhibitory effects of modafinil and forskolin on K(Ca)3.1 currents were blocked by the PKA inhibitors PKI(14-22) or H-89. In addition, modafinil relaxed blood vessels (mouse aorta and rat pulmonary artery) in a concentration-dependent manner. Modafinil increased cAMP concentrations in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts or primary cultured mouse aortic SMCs and phosphorylated K(Ca)3.1 channel protein in NIH-3T3 fibroblasts. However, open probability and single-channel current amplitudes of K(Ca)3.1 channels were not changed by modafinil. From these results, we conclude that modafinil inhibits K(Ca)3.1 channels and vascular smooth muscle contraction by cAMP-dependent phosphorylation, suggesting that modafinil can be used as a cAMP-dependent K(Ca)3.1 channel blocker and vasodilator. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  6. Reduced susceptibility to induced seizures in the Neuroligin-3(R451C) mouse model of autism.

    PubMed

    Hill-Yardin, Elisa L; Argyropoulos, Andrew; Hosie, Suzanne; Rind, Gil; Anderson, Paul; Hannan, Anthony J; O'Brien, Terence J

    2015-03-04

    Epilepsy is a common comorbidity in patients with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and several gene mutations are associated with both of these disorders. In order to determine whether a point mutation in the gene for the synaptic protein, Neuroligin-3 (Nlgn3, R451C), identified in patients with ASD alters seizure susceptibility, we administered the proconvulsant pentylenetetrazole (PTZ) to adult male Neuroligin-3(R451C) (NL3(R451C)) and wild type (WT) mice. It has previously been reported that NL3(R451C) mice show altered inhibitory GABAergic activity in brain regions relevant to epilepsy, including the hippocampus and somatosensory cortex. PTZ administration induces absence-seizures at low dose, and generalised convulsive seizures at higher dose. Susceptibility to absence seizures was examined by analysing the frequency and duration of spike-and-wave discharge (SWD) events and accompanying motor seizure activity induced by subcutaneous administration of low dosage (20 or 30mg/kg) PTZ. Susceptibility to generalised convulsive seizures was tested by measuring the response to high dosage (60mg/kg) PTZ using a modified Racine scale. There was no change in the number of SWD events exhibited by NL3(R451C) compared to WT mice following administration of both 20mg/kg PTZ (1.17±0.31 compared to 16.0±11.16 events/30min, NL3(R451C) versus WT, respectively) and 30mg/kg PTZ (7.5±6.54 compared with 27.8±19.9 events/30min, NL3(R451C) versus WT, respectively). NL3(R451C) mice were seizure resistant to generalised convulsive seizures induced by high dose PTZ compared to WT littermates (median latency to first >3s duration clonic seizure; 14.5min versus 7.25min, 95% CI: 1.625-2.375, p=0.0009, NL3(R451C) versus WT, respectively). These results indicate that the R451C mutation in the Nlgn3 gene, associated with ASD in humans, confers resistance to induced seizures, suggesting dysfunction of PTZ-sensitive GABAergic signalling in this mouse model of ASD. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier

  7. Dimensional isotropy of 6H and 3C SiC under neutron irradiation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Snead, Lance L.; Katoh, Yutai; Koyanagi, Takaaki

    2016-01-16

    This investigation experimentally determines the as-irradiated crystal axes dimensional change of the common polytypes of SiC considered for nuclear application. Single crystal α-SiC (6H), β-SiC (3C), CVD β-SiC, and single crystal Si have been neutron irradiated near 60 °C from 2 × 10 23 to 2 × 10 26 n/m 2 (E > 0.1 MeV), or about 0.02–20 dpa, in order to study the effect of irradiation on bulk swelling and strain along independent crystalline axes. Single crystal, powder diffractometry and density measurement have been carried out. For all neutron doses where the samples remained crystalline all SiC materials demonstratedmore » equivalent swelling behavior. Moreover the 6H–SiC expanded isotropically. The magnitude of the swelling followed a ~0.77 power law against dose consistent with a microstructure evolution driven by single interstitial (carbon) mobility. Extraordinarily large ~7.8% volume expansion in SiC was observed prior to amorphization. Above ~0.9 × 10 25 n/m 2 (E > 0.1 MeV) all SiC materials became amorphous with an identical swelling: a 11.7% volume expansion, lowering the density to 2.84 g/cm 3. As a result, the as-amorphized density was the same at the 2 × 10 25 and 2 × 10 26 n/m 2 (E > 0.1 MeV) dose levels.« less

  8. Luminescence Spectroscopy and Crystal Field Simulations of Europium Propylenediphosphonate EuH[O 3P(CH 2) 3PO 3] and Europium Glutarate [Eu(H 2O)] 2[O 2C(CH 2) 3CO 2] 3·4H 2O

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Serpaggi, F.; Férey, G.; Antic-Fidancev, E.

    1999-12-01

    The results of investigations on the photoluminescence of two europium hybrid compounds, EuH[O3P(CH2)3PO3] (Eu[diph]) and [Eu(H2O)]2[O2C(CH2)3CO2]3·4H2O (Eu[glut]), are presented. In both compounds one local environment is found for the rare earth (Re) ion and the symmetry of the Re polyhedron is low (Cs) as evidenced by the Eu3+ luminescence studies. The electrostatic crystal field (cf) parameters of the 7F multiplet are obtained by the application of the phenomenological cf theory. The simulations using C2v symmetry for the rare earth ion give good agreement between the calculated and the experimental 7F0-4 energy level schemes. The observed optical data are discussed in relation to the crystal structure of the compounds.

  9. Nqrs Data for C26H34N2O3V (Subst. No. 1601)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chihara, H.; Nakamura, N.

    This document is part of Subvolume B 'Substances Containing C10H16 … Zn' of Volume 48 'Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance Spectroscopy Data' of Landolt-Börnstein - Group III 'Condensed Matter'. It contains an extract of Section '3.2 Data tables' of the Chapter '3 Nuclear quadrupole resonance data' providing the NQRS data for C26H34N2O3V (Subst. No. 1601)

  10. Injected ion energy dependence of SiC film deposited by low-energy SiC3H9+ ion beam produced from hexamethyldisilane

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yoshimura, Satoru; Sugimoto, Satoshi; Takeuchi, Takae; Murai, Kensuke; Kiuchi, Masato

    2018-04-01

    We mass-selected SiC3H9+ ions from various fragments produced through the decomposition of hexamethyldisilane, and finally produced low-energy SiC3H9+ ion beams. The ion beams were injected into Si(1 0 0) substrates and the dependence of deposited films on injected ion energy was then investigated. Injected ion energies were 20, 100, or 200 eV. Films obtained were investigated with X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. X-ray diffraction and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy of the substrates obtained following the injection of 20 eV ions demonstrated the occurrence of silicon carbide film (3C-SiC) deposition. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy showed that the films deposited by the injection of 100 or 200 eV ions included 3C-SiC plus diamond-like carbon. Ion beam deposition using hexamethyldisilane-derived 20 eV SiC3H9+ ions is an efficient technique for 3C-SiC film formation on Si substrates.

  11. Molecular Determinants of Antiestrogen and Drug Sensitivity in Breast Carcinoma Cells

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1997-08-01

    W.S. human HT1080 fibrosarcoma cells (a gift of Pear, personal communication). G.R. Stark), susceptible to ecotropic retrovirus In several...transfection with equal amounts of plasmid pOPRSVIluc (generated by replacing CAT of pORRSVICAT with luc) which expresses luc from R02 promoter, and control...retroviral transduction into (Fig. 1). During transient co-transfection of NIH 3T3 human HT1080 fibrosarcoma or mouse NIH 3T3 cell cells with a laac expressing

  12. The direct arylation of allylic sp(3) C-H bonds via organic and photoredox catalysis.

    PubMed

    Cuthbertson, James D; MacMillan, David W C

    2015-03-05

    The direct functionalization of unactivated sp(3) C-H bonds is still one of the most challenging problems facing synthetic organic chemists. The appeal of such transformations derives from their capacity to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules via the coupling of simple and otherwise inert building blocks, without introducing extraneous functional groups. Despite notable recent efforts, the establishment of general and mild strategies for the engagement of sp(3) C-H bonds in C-C bond forming reactions has proved difficult. Within this context, the discovery of chemical transformations that are able to directly functionalize allylic methyl, methylene and methine carbons in a catalytic manner is a priority. Although protocols for direct oxidation and amination of allylic C-H bonds (that is, C-H bonds where an adjacent carbon is involved in a C = C bond) have become widely established, the engagement of allylic substrates in C-C bond forming reactions has thus far required the use of pre-functionalized coupling partners. In particular, the direct arylation of non-functionalized allylic systems would enable access to a series of known pharmacophores (molecular features responsible for a drug's action), though a general solution to this long-standing challenge remains elusive. Here we report the use of both photoredox and organic catalysis to accomplish a mild, broadly effective direct allylic C-H arylation. This C-C bond forming reaction readily accommodates a broad range of alkene and electron-deficient arene reactants, and has been used in the direct arylation of benzylic C-H bonds.

  13. The direct arylation of allylic sp3 C-H bonds via organic and photoredox catalysis

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Cuthbertson, James D.; MacMillan, David W. C.

    2015-03-01

    The direct functionalization of unactivated sp3 C-H bonds is still one of the most challenging problems facing synthetic organic chemists. The appeal of such transformations derives from their capacity to facilitate the construction of complex organic molecules via the coupling of simple and otherwise inert building blocks, without introducing extraneous functional groups. Despite notable recent efforts, the establishment of general and mild strategies for the engagement of sp3 C-H bonds in C-C bond forming reactions has proved difficult. Within this context, the discovery of chemical transformations that are able to directly functionalize allylic methyl, methylene and methine carbons in a catalytic manner is a priority. Although protocols for direct oxidation and amination of allylic C-H bonds (that is, C-H bonds where an adjacent carbon is involved in a C = C bond) have become widely established, the engagement of allylic substrates in C-C bond forming reactions has thus far required the use of pre-functionalized coupling partners. In particular, the direct arylation of non-functionalized allylic systems would enable access to a series of known pharmacophores (molecular features responsible for a drug's action), though a general solution to this long-standing challenge remains elusive. Here we report the use of both photoredox and organic catalysis to accomplish a mild, broadly effective direct allylic C-H arylation. This C-C bond forming reaction readily accommodates a broad range of alkene and electron-deficient arene reactants, and has been used in the direct arylation of benzylic C-H bonds.

  14. HIST1H1C Regulates Interferon-β and Inhibits Influenza Virus Replication by Interacting with IRF3

    PubMed Central

    Liu, Xiaokun; Yang, Cha; Hu, Yong; Lei, Erming; Lin, Xian; Zhao, Lianzhong; Zou, Zhong; Zhang, Anding; Zhou, Hongbo; Chen, Huanchun; Qian, Ping; Jin, Meilin

    2017-01-01

    Influenza virus NS2 is well known for its role in viral ribonucleoprotein nuclear export; however, its function has not been fully understood. A recent study showed that NS2 might interact with HIST1H1C (H1C, H1.2). Histones have been found to affect influenza virus replication, such as the H2A, H2B, H3, and H4, but H1 has not been detected. Here, we found that H1C interacts with NS2 via its C-terminal in the nucleus and that H1C affects influenza virus replication. The H1N1 influenza virus replicates better in H1C knockout A549 cells compared to wild-type A549 cells, primarily because of the regulation of H1C on interferon-β (IFN-β). Further studies showed that the H1C phosphorylation mutant (T146A) decreases IFN-β, while H1C methylation mutants (K34A, K187A) increases IFN-β by releasing the nucleosome and promoting IRF3 binding to the IFN-β promoter. Interestingly, NS2 interacts with H1C, which reduces H1C–IRF3 interaction and results in the inhibition of IFN-β enhanced by H1C. In summary, our study reveals a novel function of H1C to regulate IFN-β and uncovers an underlying mechanism, which suggests H1C plays a role in epigenetic regulation. Moreover, our results suggest a novel mechanism for the influenza virus to antagonize the innate immune response by NS2. PMID:28392790

  15. Overexpression of {alpha}-catenin increases osteoblastic differentiation in mouse mesenchymal C3H10T1/2 cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kim, Dohee; Yang, Jae-Yeon; Shin, Chan Soo, E-mail: csshin@snu.ac.kr

    2009-05-15

    {alpha}- and {beta}-Catenin link cadherins to the actin-based cytoskeleton at adherens junctions and regulate cell-cell adhesion. Although roles of cadherins and canonical Wnt-/{beta}-catenin-signaling in osteoblastic differentiation have been extensively studied, the role of {alpha}-catenin is not known. Murine embryonic mesenchymal stem cells, C3H10T1/2 cells, were transduced with retrovirus encoding {alpha}-catenin (MSCV-{alpha}-catenin-HA-GFP). In the presence of Wnt-3A conditioned medium or osteogenic medium ({beta}-glycerol phosphate and ascorbic acid), cells overexpressing {alpha}-catenin showed enhanced osteoblastic differentiation as measured by alkaline phosphatase (ALP) staining and ALP activity assay compared to cells transduced with empty virus (MSCV-GFP). In addition, mRNA expression of osteocalcin and Runx2more » was significantly increased compared to control. Cell aggregation assay revealed that {alpha}-catenin overexpression has significantly increased cell-cell aggregation. However, cellular {beta}-catenin levels (total, cytoplasmic-nuclear ratio) and {beta}-catenin-TCF/LEF transcriptional activity did not change by overexpression of {alpha}-catenin. Knock-down of {alpha}-catenin using siRNA decreased osteoblastic differentiation as measured by ALP assay. These results suggest that {alpha}-catenin overexpression increases osteoblastic differentiation by increasing cell-cell adhesion rather than Wnt-/{beta}-catenin-signaling.« less

  16. Nonepithelial tumors of the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx. A clinicopathologic study. VI. Fibrous tissue tumors (fibroma, fibromatosis, fibrosarcoma).

    PubMed

    Fu, Y S; Perzin, K H

    1976-06-01

    In a study of 256 nonepithelial neoplasms involving the nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and nasopharynx, 23 lesions were classified as fibrous tissue tumors, including four cases of "fibroma", six of fibromatosis, and thirteen of fibrosarcoma. The clinical findings associated with these lesions are described, their histologic features illustrated, results of therapy presented and clinicopathologic correlations made. The "fibromas" presented a small localized nodules. None recurred after local excision. Fibromatosis, a locally aggressive tumor, does not metastasize, but may cause considerable morbidity or even death due to local infiltration which may be difficult to control surgically. Fibrosarcoma may cause death either by local infiltration or by metastasis, but has a better prognosis than most other sarcomas of this region. We recommend that a large en block resection be performed initially for fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma growing in this area, after the diagnosis has been made by biopsy. In this series, including patients who had more than one operation, recurrent tumor was seen following 10 of 12 limited local excisions performed for fibromatosis and fibrosarcoma, but in only one of 13 patients after a large bloc resection. The problems involved in histologically differentiating fibrous tissue tumors from other lesions are discussed. A patient with the rare syndrome of multicentric fibromatosis with spontaneous regression of lesions is presented.

  17. Regulation of cAMP on the first mitotic cell cycle of mouse embryos.

    PubMed

    Yu, Aiming; Zhang, Zhe; Bi, Qiang; Sun, Bingqi; Su, Wenhui; Guan, Yifu; Mu, Runqing; Miao, Changsheng; Zhang, Jie; Yu, Bingzhi

    2008-03-01

    Mitosis promoting factor (MPF) plays a central role during the first mitosis of mouse embryo. We demonstrated that MPF activity increased when one-cell stage mouse embryo initiated G2/M transition following the decrease of cyclic adenosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cAMP) and cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) activity. When cAMP and PKA activity increases again, MPF activity decreases and mouse embryo starts metaphase-anaphase transition. In the downstream of cAMP/PKA, there are some effectors such as polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), Cdc25, Mos (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinase), MEK (mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Wee1, anaphase-promoting complex (APC), and phosphoprotein phosphatase that are involved in the regulation of MPF activity. Here, we demonstrated that following activation of MPF, MAPK activity was steady, whereas Plk1 activity fluctuated during the first cell cycle. Plk1 activity was the highest at metaphase and decreased at metaphase-anaphase transition. Further, we established a mathematical model using Gepasi algorithm and the simulation was in agreement with the experimental data. Above all the evidences, we suggested that cAMP and PKA might be the upstream factors which were included in the regulation of the first cell cycle development of mouse embryo. Copyright 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.

  18. Energetics of the O-H bond and of intramolecular hydrogen bonding in HOC6H4C(O)Y (Y = H, CH3, CH2CH=CH2, C[triple bond]CH, CH2F, NH2, NHCH3, NO2, OH, OCH3, OCN, CN, F, Cl, SH, and SCH3) compounds.

    PubMed

    Bernardes, Carlos E S; Minas da Piedade, Manuel E

    2008-10-09

    The energetics of the phenolic O-H bond in a series of 2- and 4-HOC 6H 4C(O)Y (Y = H, CH3, CH 2CH=CH2, C[triple bond]CH, CH2F, NH2, NHCH 3, NO2, OH, OCH3, OCN, CN, F, Cl, SH, and SCH3) compounds and of the intramolecular O...H hydrogen bond in 2-HOC 6H 4C(O)Y, was investigated by using a combination of experimental and theoretical methods. The standard molar enthalpies of formation of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2HBA), 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde (4HBA), 2'-hydroxyacetophenone (2HAP), 2-hydroxybenzamide (2HBM), and 4-hydroxybenzamide (4HBM), at 298.15 K, were determined by micro- or macrocombustion calorimetry. The corresponding enthalpies of vaporization or sublimation were also measured by Calvet drop-calorimetry and Knudsen effusion measurements. The combination of the obtained experimental data led to Delta f H m (o)(2HBA, g) = -238.3 +/- 2.5 kJ.mol (-1), DeltafHm(o)(4HBA, g) = -220.3 +/- 2.0 kJ.mol(-1), Delta f H m (o)(2HAP, g) = -291.8 +/- 2.1 kJ.mol(-1), DeltafHm(o)(2HBM, g) = -304.8 +/- 1.5 kJ.mol (-1), and DeltafHm(o) (4HBM, g) = -278.4 +/- 2.4 kJ.mol (-1). These values, were used to assess the predictions of the B3LYP/6-31G(d,p), B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p), B3LYP/aug-cc-pVDZ, B3P86/6-31G(d,p), B3P86/6-311+G(d,p), B3P86/aug-cc-pVDZ, and CBS-QB3 methods, for the enthalpies of a series of isodesmic gas phase reactions. In general, the CBS-QB3 method was able to reproduce the experimental enthalpies of reaction within their uncertainties. The B3LYP/6-311+G(d,p) method, with a slightly poorer accuracy than the CBS-QB3 approach, achieved the best performance of the tested DFT models. It was further used to analyze the trends of the intramolecular O...H hydrogen bond in 2-HOC 6H 4C(O)Y evaluated by the ortho-para method and to compare the energetics of the phenolic O-H bond in 2- and 4-HOC 6H 4C(O)Y compounds. It was concluded that the O-H bond "strength" is systematically larger for 2-hydroxybenzoyl than for the corresponding 4-hydroxybenzoyl isomers mainly due to the presence of

  19. Streptozocin-induced diabetic mouse model of urinary tract infection.

    PubMed

    Rosen, David A; Hung, Chia-Suei; Kline, Kimberly A; Hultgren, Scott J

    2008-09-01

    Diabetics have a higher incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI), are infected with a broader range of uropathogens, and more commonly develop serious UTI sequelae than nondiabetics. To better study UTI in the diabetic host, we created and characterized a murine model of diabetic UTI using the pancreatic islet beta-cell toxin streptozocin in C3H/HeN, C3H/HeJ, and C57BL/6 mouse backgrounds. Intraperitoneal injections of streptozocin were used to initiate diabetes in healthy mouse backgrounds, as defined by consecutive blood glucose levels of >250 mg/dl. UTIs caused by uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UTI89), Klebsiella pneumoniae (TOP52 1721), and Enterococcus faecalis (0852) were studied, and diabetic mice were found to be considerably more susceptible to infection. All three uropathogens produced significantly higher bladder and kidney titers than buffer-treated controls. Uropathogens did not have as large an advantage in the Toll-like receptor 4-defective C3H/HeJ diabetic mouse, arguing that the dramatic increase in colonization seen in C3H/HeN diabetic mice may partially be due to diabetic-induced defects in innate immunity. Competition experiments demonstrated that E. coli had a significant advantage over K. pneumoniae in the bladders of healthy mice and less of an advantage in diabetic bladders. In the kidneys, K. pneumoniae outcompeted E. coli in healthy mice but in diabetic mice E. coli outcompeted K. pneumoniae and caused severe pyelonephritis. Diabetic kidneys contained renal tubules laden with communities of E. coli UTI89 bacteria within an extracellular-matrix material. Diabetic mice also had glucosuria, which may enhance bacterial replication in the urinary tract. These data support that this murine diabetic UTI model is consistent with known characteristics of human diabetic UTI and can provide a powerful tool for dissecting this infection in the multifactorial setting of diabetes.

  20. Imaging mouse lung allograft rejection with 1H MRI

    PubMed Central

    Guo, Jinbang; Huang, Howard J.; Wang, Xingan; Wang, Wei; Ellison, Henry; Thomen, Robert P.; Gelman, Andrew E.; Woods, Jason C.

    2014-01-01

    Purpose To demonstrate that longitudinal, non-invasive monitoring via MRI can characterize acute cellular rejection (ACR) in mouse orthotopic lung allografts. Methods Nineteen Balb/c donor to C57BL/6 recipient orthotopic left lung transplants were performed, further divided into control-Ig vs anti-CD4/anti-CD8 treated groups. A two-dimensional multi-slice gradient-echo pulse sequence synchronized with ventilation was used on a small-animal MR scanner to acquire proton images of lung at post-operative days 3, 7 and 14, just before sacrifice. Lung volume and parenchymal signal were measured, and lung compliance was calculated as volume change per pressure difference between high and low pressures. Results Normalized parenchymal signal in the control-Ig allograft increased over time, with statistical significance between day 14 and day 3 post transplantation (0.046→0.789, P < 0.05), despite large inter-mouse variations; this was consistent with histopathologic evidence of rejection. Compliance of the control-Ig allograft decreased significantly over time (0.013→0.003, P < 0.05), but remained constant in mice treated with anti-CD4/anti-CD8 antibodies. Conclusion Lung allograft rejection in individual mice can be monitored by lung parenchymal signal changes and by lung compliance through MRI. Longitudinal imaging can help us better understand the time course of individual lung allograft rejection and response to treatment. PMID:24954886

  1. Selective C(sp3 )-H Aerobic Oxidation Enabled by Decatungstate Photocatalysis in Flow.

    PubMed

    Laudadio, Gabriele; Govaerts, Sebastian; Wang, Ying; Ravelli, Davide; Koolman, Hannes F; Fagnoni, Maurizio; Djuric, Stevan W; Noël, Timothy

    2018-04-03

    A mild and selective C(sp 3 )-H aerobic oxidation enabled by decatungstate photocatalysis has been developed. The reaction can be significantly improved in a microflow reactor enabling the safe use of oxygen and enhanced irradiation of the reaction mixture. Our method allows for the oxidation of both activated and unactivated C-H bonds (30 examples). The ability to selectively oxidize natural scaffolds, such as (-)-ambroxide, pregnenolone acetate, (+)-sclareolide, and artemisinin, exemplifies the utility of this new method. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA.

  2. The nature of immunity to Snyder-Theilen fibrosarcoma virus induced tumors in cats.

    PubMed

    Johnson, L; Pedersen, N C; Theilen, G H

    1985-07-01

    Snyder-Theilen fibrosarcoma virus (ST-FeSV) induced tumors evoked a vigorous immune response in adolescent cats. The response was characterized histologically by a lymphoid and histiocytic cell infiltrate beginning around the 9th day post inoculation. Hyperemia edema, hemorrhage, and necrosis of the tumors occurred shortly thereafter. Gross regression of the tumors commenced around the 15th day. Viable fibrosarcoma cells could be recovered as almost pure cultures from tumors biopsied on the 9th day. Biopsies taken between days 9 and 15 contained progressively fewer tumor cells and increasing numbers of lymphoid cells, histiocytes, giant cells, and normal fibroblasts. Tumor cells in such mixed cultures did not replicate as fast as normal and died out within 7 to 14 days. Viable tumor cells were not recovered from biopsies taken after day 15. Fibrosarcoma regression was associated with the appearance of tumor cell specific cytotoxic lymphocytes and antibodies in the blood. Cell mediated immunity, as determined by a chromium release assay, consisted of both antibody dependent and independent mechanisms. Fluorescent and complement dependent cytolytic antibodies were detected in the blood at the same time as cytotoxic lymphocytes, but persisted after regression. In a preliminary experiment, serum from tumor regressor cats was injected into susceptible kittens, and the kittens were then challenged with ST-FeSV transformed fibroblasts or whole FeSV. Immune serum did not prevent the appearance of initial growth of tumors, but did slow their subsequent growth and increased the rate of regression. Immune serum had a much more dramatic inhibitory effect on the accompanying retrovirus infection.

  3. JMJD1C Ensures Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal and Somatic Cell Reprogramming through Controlling MicroRNA Expression.

    PubMed

    Xiao, Feng; Liao, Bing; Hu, Jing; Li, Shuang; Zhao, Haixin; Sun, Ming; Gu, Junjie; Jin, Ying

    2017-09-12

    The roles of histone demethylases (HDMs) for the establishment and maintenance of pluripotency are incompletely characterized. Here, we show that JmjC-domain-containing protein 1c (JMJD1C), an H3K9 demethylase, is required for mouse embryonic stem cell (ESC) self-renewal. Depletion of Jmjd1c leads to the activation of ERK/MAPK signaling and epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) to induce differentiation of ESCs. Inhibition of ERK/MAPK signaling rescues the differentiation phenotype caused by Jmjd1c depletion. Mechanistically, JMJD1C, with the help of pluripotency factor KLF4, maintains ESC identity at least in part by regulating the expression of the miR-200 family and miR-290/295 cluster to suppress the ERK/MAPK signaling and EMT. Additionally, we uncover that JMJD1C ensures efficient generation and maintenance of induced pluripotent stem cells, at least partially through controlling the expression of microRNAs. Collectively, we propose an integrated model of epigenetic and transcriptional control mediated by the H3K9 demethylase for ESC self-renewal and somatic cell reprogramming. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Anomalous 13C isotope abundances in C3S and C4H observed toward the cold interstellar cloud, Taurus Molecular Cloud-1.

    PubMed

    Sakai, Nami; Takano, Shuro; Sakai, Takeshi; Shiba, Shoichi; Sumiyoshi, Yoshihiro; Endo, Yasuki; Yamamoto, Satoshi

    2013-10-03

    We have studied the abundances of the (13)C isotopic species of C3S and C4H in the cold molecular cloud, Taurus Molecular Cloud-1 (Cyanopolyyne Peak), by radioastronomical observations of their rotational emission lines. The CCCS/(13)CCCS and CCCS/C(13)CCS ratios are determined to be >206 and 48 ± 15, respectively. The CC(13)CS line is identified with the aid of laboratory microwave spectroscopy, and the range of the CCCS/CC(13)CS ratio is found to be from 30 to 206. The abundances of at least two (13)C isotopic species of C3S are thus found to be different. Similarly, it is found that the abundances of the four (13)C isotopic species of C4H are not equivalent. The CCCCH/(13)CCCCH, CCCCH/C(13)CCCH, CCCCH/CC(13)CCH, and CCCCH/CCC(13)CH ratios are evaluated to be 141 ± 44, 97 ± 27, 82 ± 15, and 118 ± 23, respectively. Here the errors denote 3 times the standard deviation. These results will constrain the formation pathways of C3S and C4H, if the nonequivalence is caused during the formation processes of these molecules. The exchange reactions after the formation of these two molecules may also contribute to the nonequivalence. In addition, we have confirmed that the (12)C/(13)C ratio of some species are significantly higher than the interstellar elemental (12)C/(13)C ratio of 60-70. The observations of the (13)C isotopic species provide us with rich information on chemical processes in cold interstellar clouds.

  5. Inhibition of TRPC3 downregulates airway hyperresponsiveness, remodeling of OVA-sensitized mouse

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wang, Lingwei; Li, Jie; Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Postdoctoral Research Station, Jinan University, Guangzhou

    Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway remodeling and inflammation are the fundamental pathological alterations that occur in asthma. Transient receptor potential canonical 3 (TRPC3) has been implicated in diverse functions of airway smooth muscle cells (ASMCs) in asthma. However, the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. We investigated the mRNA and protein expression of TRPC3 in ASMCs from normal and OVA-sensitized mouse. And the effects of inhibition or knockdown of TRPC3 with Ethyl-1- (4- (2,3,3-trichloroacrylamide) phenyl) −5 - (trifluoromethyl) -1H -pyrazole -4-carboxylate (Pyr3) and lentiviral shRNA on OVA-sensitized mouse AHR, airway remodeling, circulating inflammatory cytokines, cell proliferation and migration. We found that TRPC3 mRNAmore » and protein expression levels were significantly increased in ASMCs from OVA-sensitized mouse. Inhibiting TRPC3 with continuous subcutaneous administration of Pyr3 decreased enhanced pause (Penh) of OVA-sensitized mouse. Meanwhile, both Pyr3 and lentiviral shRNA treatment of ASMCs in OVA-sensitized mouse significantly decreased their proliferation and migration. These results suggest that TRPC3 plays a critical role in asthma and represents a promising new target for asthma treatment. - Highlights: • Penh, airway remodeling and the gene expression and protein of TRPC3 are increased in OVA-sensitized mice. • Inhibition of TRPC3 suppresses the OVA-sensitized mice Penh and airway remodeling. • Inhibition of TRPC3 decreases OVA-sensitized mice ASMC proliferation and migration.« less

  6. Ruthenium(II)-Catalyzed C-H Activation of Imidamides and Divergent Couplings with Diazo Compounds: Substrate-Controlled Synthesis of Indoles and 3H-Indoles.

    PubMed

    Li, Yunyun; Qi, Zisong; Wang, He; Yang, Xifa; Li, Xingwei

    2016-09-19

    Indoles are an important structural motif that is commonly found in biologically active molecules. In this work, conditions for divergent couplings between imidamides and acceptor-acceptor diazo compounds were developed that afforded NH indoles and 3H-indoles under ruthenium catalysis. The coupling of α-diazoketoesters afforded NH indoles by cleavage of the C(N2 )-C(acyl) bond whereas α-diazomalonates gave 3H-indoles by C-N bond cleavage. This reaction constitutes the first intermolecular coupling of diazo substrates with arenes by ruthenium-catalyzed C-H activation. © 2016 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  7. Collisional rate coefficients of C3H2 and the determination of physical conditions in molecular clouds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Avery, L. W.; Green, Sheldon

    1989-01-01

    Collisional excitation rates for C3H2, calculated using the coupled states approximation at temperatures of 10-30 K, are presented. C3H2 produces a number of spectral line pairs whose members are close together in frequency but arise from levels with different excitation energies. The rates are used in statistical equilibrium calculations to illustrate the excitation properties and density-dependent behavior of various C3H2 line ratios.

  8. The Complement C3a-C3aR Axis Promotes Development of Thoracic Aortic Dissection via Regulation of MMP2 Expression.

    PubMed

    Ren, Weihong; Liu, Yan; Wang, Xuerui; Piao, Chunmei; Ma, Youcai; Qiu, Shulan; Jia, Lixin; Chen, Boya; Wang, Yuan; Jiang, Wenjian; Zheng, Shuai; Liu, Chang; Dai, Nan; Lan, Feng; Zhang, Hongjia; Song, Wen-Chao; Du, Jie

    2018-03-01

    Thoracic aortic dissection (TAD), once ruptured, is devastating to patients, and no effective pharmaceutical therapy is available. Anaphylatoxins released by complement activation are involved in a variety of diseases. However, the role of the complement system in TAD is unknown. We found that plasma levels of C3a, C4a, and C5a were significantly increased in patients with TAD. Elevated circulating C3a levels were also detected in the developmental process of mouse TAD, which was induced by β-aminopropionitrile monofumarate (BAPN) treatment, with enhanced expression of C1q and properdin in mouse dissected aortas. These findings indicated activation of classical and alternative complement pathways. Further, expression of C3aR was obviously increased in smooth muscle cells of human and mouse dissected aortas, and knockout of C3aR notably inhibited BAPN-induced formation and rupture of TAD in mice. C3aR antagonist administered pre- and post-BAPN treatment attenuated the development of TAD. We found that C3aR knockout decreased matrix metalloproteinase 2 (MMP2) expression in BAPN-treated mice. Additionally, recombinant C3a stimulation enhanced MMP2 expression and activation in smooth muscle cells that were subjected to mechanical stretch. Finally, we generated MMP2-knockdown mice by in vivo MMP2 short hairpin RNA delivery using recombinant adeno-associated virus and found that MMP2 deficiency significantly reduced the formation of TAD. Therefore, our study suggests that the C3a - C3aR axis contributes to the development of TAD via regulation of MMP2 expression. Targeting the C3a-C3aR axis may represent a strategy for inhibiting the formation of TAD. Copyright © 2018 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.

  9. ON THE ORIGIN OF C{sub 4}H AND CH{sub 3}OH IN PROTOSTELLAR ENVELOPES

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lindberg, Johan E.; Charnley, Steven B.; Cordiner, Martin A., E-mail: johan.lindberg@nasa.gov

    The formation pathways of different types of organic molecules in protostellar envelopes and other regions of star formation are subjects of intense current interest. We present here observations of C{sub 4}H and CH{sub 3}OH, tracing two distinct groups of interstellar organic molecules, toward 16 protostars in the Ophiuchus and Corona Australis molecular clouds. Together with observations in the literature, we present C{sub 4}H and CH{sub 3}OH data from single-dish observations of 40 embedded protostars. We find no correlation between the C{sub 4}H and CH{sub 3}OH column densities in this large sample. Based on this lack of correlation, a difference inmore » line profiles between C{sub 4}H and CH{sub 3}OH, and previous interferometric observations of similar sources, we propose that the emission from these two molecules is spatially separated, with the CH{sub 3}OH tracing gas that has been transiently heated to high (∼70–100 K) temperatures and the C{sub 4}H tracing the cooler large-scale envelope where CH{sub 4} molecules have been liberated from ices. These results provide insight in the differentiation between hot corino and warm carbon-chain chemistry in embedded protostars.« less

  10. Crystal structure, quantum mechanical investigation, IR and NMR spectroscopy of two new organic perchlorates: (C6H18N3)·(ClO4)3H2O (I) and (C9H11N2)·ClO4(II)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Bayar, I.; Khedhiri, L.; Soudani, S.; Lefebvre, F.; Ferretti, V.; Ben Nasr, C.

    2018-06-01

    The reaction of perchloric acid with 1-(2-aminoethyl)piperazine or 5,6-dimethyl-benzimidazole results in the formation of 1-(2-amonioethyl)piperazine-1,4-dium triperchlorate hydrate (C6H18N3)·(ClO4)3·H2O (I) or 5,6-dimethyl-benzylimidazolium perchlorate (C9H11N2)·ClO4(II). Both compounds were fully structurally characterized including single crystal X-ray diffraction analysis. Compound (I) crystallizes in the centrosymmetric triclinic space group P 1 bar with the lattice parameters a = 7.455 (2), b = 10.462 (2), c = 10.824 (2) Å, α = 80.832 (2), β = 88.243 (2), γ = 88.160 (2) °, Z = 2 and V = 832.77 (3) Å3. Compound (II) has been found to belong to the P21/c space group of the monoclinic system, with a = 7.590 (3), b = 9.266 (3), c = 16.503 (6) Å, β = 107.38 (2) °, V = 1107.69 (7) Å3 and Z = 4. The structures of (I) and (II) consist of slightly distorted [ClO4]- tetrahedra anions and 1-(2-amonioethyl)piperazine-1,4-dium trication (I) or 5,6-dimethyl-benzylimidazolium cations (II) and additionally a lattice water in (I). The crystal structures of (I) and (II) exhibit complex three-dimensional networks of H-bonds connecting all their components. In the atomic arrangement of (I), the ClO4- anions form corrugated chains, while in (II) the atomic arrangement exhibits wide pseudo-hexagonal channels of ClO4 tetrahedra including the organic entities. The lattice water serves as a link between pairs of cations and pairs of anions via several Osbnd H⋯O and N-H⋯O interactions in compound (I). The vibrational absorption bands were identified by infrared spectroscopy. These compounds were also investigated by solid-state 13C, 35Cl and 15N NMR spectroscopy. DFT calculations allowed the attribution of the IR and NMR bands. Intermolecular interactions were investigated by Hirshfeld surfaces. Electronic properties such as HOMO and LUMO energies were derived.

  11. Induction of sister chromatid exchange in preimplantation mouse embryos in vitro by /sup 3/H-thymidine or ultraviolet light in combination with caffeine

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mueller, W.U.S.; Spindle, A.

    1986-01-01

    Preimplantation mouse embryos were exposed in vitro to /sup 3/H-thymidine (25, 100, or 250 Bq/ml) or ultraviolet (UV) light (1.35 or 4.05 J/m2), either alone or in combination with caffeine (1 mM with /sup 3/H-thymidine and 0.5 mM with UV light). Exposure to /sup 3/H-thymidine lasted for 2 days, from the two-cell stage to the late morula/early blastocyst stage, and UV radiation was applied acutely at the late morula/early blastocyst stage. The effects were quantified by the sister chromatid exchange (SCE) assay. All three agents induced SCEs when used singly. /sup 3/H-thymidine was effective in inducing SCEs only at 250more » Bq/ml, whereas UV light was effective at both fluences. Although caffeine did not induce SCEs when it was added before exposure to bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd), which is used to visualize SCEs, it did induce SCEs when present during the entire culture period (/sup 3/H-thymidine experiments) or during incubation in BrdUrd (UV experiments). Caffeine markedly enhanced the SCE-inducing effect of UV light but did not influence the effect of /sup 3/H-thymidine.« less

  12. Influence of the Organic Species and Oxoanion in the Synthesis of two Uranyl Sulfate Hydrates, (H 3 O) 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 ­(H 2 O)]·7H 2 O and (H 3 O) 2 [(UO 2 ) 2 (SO 4 ) 3 (H 2 O)]·4H 2 O, and a Uranyl Selenate-Selenite [C 5 H 6 N][(UO 2 )(SeO 4 )(HSeO 3 )

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Jouffret, Laurent J.; Wylie, Ernest M.; Burns, Peter C.

    2012-08-08

    Two uranyl sulfate hydrates, (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]·7H2O (NDUS) and (H3O)2[(UO2)2(SO4)3(H2O)]·4H2O (NDUS1), and one uranyl selenate-selenite [C5H6N][(UO2)(SeO4)(HSeO3)] (NDUSe), were obtained and their crystal structures solved. NDUS and NDUSe result from reactions in highly acidic media in the presence of L-cystine at 373 K. NDUS crystallized in a closed vial at 278 K after 5 days and NDUSe in an open beaker at 278 K after 2 weeks. NDUS1 was synthesized from aqueous solution at room temperature over the course of a month. NDUS, NDUS1, and NDUSe crystallize in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 15.0249(4) Å,b = 9.9320(2) Å, c = 15.6518(4)more » Å, β = 112.778(1)°, V = 2153.52(9) Å3,Z = 4, the tetragonal space group P43212, a = 10.6111(2) Å,c = 31.644(1) Å, V = 3563.0(2) Å3, Z = 8, and in the monoclinic space group P21/n, a = 8.993(3) Å, b = 13.399(5) Å, c = 10.640(4) Å,β = 108.230(4)°, V = 1217.7(8) Å3, Z = 4, respectively.The structural units of NDUS and NDUS1 are two-dimensional uranyl sulfate sheets with a U/S ratio of 2/3. The structural unit of NDUSe is a two-dimensional uranyl selenate-selenite sheets with a U/Se ratio of 1/2. In-situ reaction of the L-cystine ligands gives two distinct products for the different acids used here. Where sulfuric acid is used, only H3O+ cations are located in the interlayer space, where they balance the charge of the sheets, whereas where selenic acid is used, interlayer C5H6N+ cations result from the cyclization of the carboxyl groups of L-cystine, balancing the charge of the sheets.« less

  13. THE K-REGION DIHYDRODIOL OF BENZO[A]PYRENE INDUCES DNA DAMAGE AND MORPHOLOGICAL CELL TRANSFORMATION IN C3H10T1/2CL8 MOUSE EMBRYO CELLS WITHOUT THE FORMATION OF DETECTABLE STABLE COVALENT DNA ADDUCTS

    EPA Science Inventory

    The K -region dihydrodiol ofbenzo[ a ]pyrene induces DNA damage and morphological cell transformation in C3HlOTY2CL8 mouse embryo cells without the formation of detectable stable covalent DNA adducts

    Benzo[ a ]pyrene (B[ a ]P) is the most thoroughly studied polycyclic aro...

  14. The radioactivity estimation of 14C and 3H in graphite waste samples of the KRR-2.

    PubMed

    Reyoung Kim, Hee

    2013-09-01

    The radioactivity of (14)C and (3)H in graphite samples from the dismantled Korea Research Reactor-2 (the KRR-2) site was analyzed by high-temperature oxidation and liquid scintillation counting, and the graphite waste was suggested to be disposed of as a low-level radioactive waste. The graphite samples were oxidized at a high temperature of 800 °C, and their counting rates were measured by using a liquid scintillation counter (LSC). The combustion ratio of the graphite was about 99% on the sample with a maximum weight of 1g. The recoveries from the combustion furnace were around 100% and 90% in (14)C and (3)H, respectively. The minimum detectable activity was 0.04-0.05 Bq/g for the (14)C and 0.13-0.15 Bq/g for the (3)H at the same background counting time. The activity of (14)C was higher than that of (3)H over all samples with the activity ratios of the (14)C to (3)H, (14)C/(3)H, being between 2.8 and 25. The dose calculation was carried out from its radioactivity analysis results. The dose estimation gave a higher annual dose than the domestic legal limit for a clearance. It was thought that the sampled graphite waste from the dismantled research reactor was not available for reuse or recycling and should be monitored as low-level radioactive waste. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  15. Theoretical Kinetics Analysis for $$\\dot{H}$$ Atom Addition to 1,3-Butadiene and Related Reactions on the $$\\dot{C}$$ 4H 7 Potential Energy Surface

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Li, Yang; Klippenstein, Stephen J.; Zhou, Chong-Wen

    The oxidation chemistry of the simplest conjugated hydrocarbon, 1,3-butadiene, can provide a first step in understanding the role of poly-unsaturated hydrocarbons in combustion and, in particular, an understanding of their contribution towards soot formation. Based on our previous work on propene and the butene isomers (1-, 2- and isobutene), it was found that the reaction kinetics of H-atom addition to the C=C double bond plays a significant role in fuel consumption kinetics and influences the predictions of high-temperature ignition delay times, product species concentrations and flame speed measurements. In this study, the rate constants and thermodynamic properties formore » $$\\dot{H}$$-atom addition to 1,3-butadiene and related reactions on the $$\\dot{C}$$ 4H 7 potential energy surface have been calculated using two different series of quantum chemical methods and two different kinetic codes. Excellent agreement is obtained between the two different kinetics codes. The calculated results including zero point energies, single point energies, rate constants, barrier heights and thermochemistry are systematically compared among the two quantum chemical methods. 1-methylallyl ($$\\dot{C}$$ 4H 71-3) and 3-buten-1- yl ($$\\dot{C}$$ 4H 71-4) radicals and C 2H 4 + $$\\dot{C}$$2H3 are found to be the most important channels and reactivity promoting products, respectively. We calculated that terminal addition is dominant (> 80%) compared to internal $$\\dot{H}$$-atom addition at all temperatures in the range 298 – 2000 K. However, this dominance decreases with increasing temperature. The calculated rate constants for the bimolecular reaction C 4H 6 + $$\\dot{H}$$ → products and C 2H 4 + $$\\dot{C}$$ 2H 3 → products are in excellent agreement with both experimental and theoretical results from the literature. For selected C 4 species the calculated thermochemical values are also in good agreement with literature data. In addition, the rate constants for H

  16. ON THE FORMATION AND ISOMER SPECIFIC DETECTION OF PROPENAL (C{sub 2}H{sub 3}CHO) AND CYCLOPROPANONE (c-C{sub 3}H{sub 4}O) IN INTERSTELLAR MODEL ICES—A COMBINED FTIR AND REFLECTRON TIME-OF-FLIGHT MASS SPECTROSCOPIC STUDY

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abplanalp, Matthew J.; Borsuk, Aleca; Jones, Brant M.

    2015-11-20

    The formation routes of two structural isomers—propenal (C{sub 2}H{sub 3}CHO) and cyclopropanone (c-C{sub 3}H{sub 4}O)—were investigated experimentally by exposing ices of astrophysical interest to energetic electrons at 5.5 K thus mimicking the interaction of ionizing radiation with interstellar ices in cold molecular clouds. The radiation-induced processing of these ices was monitored online and in situ via Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy and via temperature programmed desorption exploiting highly sensitive reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry coupled with single photon ionization in the post irradiation phase. To selectively probe which isomer(s) is/are formed, the photoionization experiments were conducted with 10.49 and 9.60 eV photons.more » Our studies provided compelling evidence on the formation of both isomers—propenal (C{sub 2}H{sub 3}CHO) and cyclopropanone (c-C{sub 3}H{sub 4}O)—in ethylene (C{sub 2}H{sub 4})—carbon monoxide (CO) ices forming propenal and cyclopropanone at a ratio of (4.5 ± 0.9):1. Based on the extracted reaction pathways, the cyclopropanone molecule can be classified as a tracer of a low temperature non-equilibrium chemistry within interstellar ices involving most likely excited triplet states, whereas propenal can be formed at ultralow temperatures, but also during the annealing phase via non-equilibrium as well as thermal chemistry (radical recombination). Since propenal has been detected in the interstellar medium and our laboratory experiments demonstrate that both isomers originated from identical precursor molecules our study predicts that the hitherto elusive second isomer—cyclopropanone—should also be observable toward those astronomical sources such as Sgr B2(N) in which propenal has been detected.« less

  17. Enhanced visible light photocatalytic H2-production of g-C3N4/WS2 composite heterostructures

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Akple, Maxwell Selase; Low, Jingxiang; Wageh, S.; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed. A.; Yu, Jiaguo; Zhang, Jun

    2015-12-01

    As a clean and renewable solar H2-production system to address the increasing global environmental crisis and energy demand, photocatalytic hydrogen production from water splitting using earth abundant materials has received a lot of attention. In this study, WS2-graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) composites were prepared using WO3 and thiourea as precursors through a gas-solid reaction. Different amount of WS2 were loaded on g-C3N4 to form the heterostructures and the composite samples exhibited enhanced photocatalytic activity for H2 production under visible light. The composite sample with 0.01 wt% WS2 exhibited the highest H2-production rate of 101 μmol g-1 h-1, which was even better than that of the Pt-C3N4 sample with the same loading content. The high photocatalytic activity was attributed to the formation of heterojunction between g-C3N4 and WS2 cocatalyst which allowed for effective separation of photogenerated charge carriers. This work showed the possibility for the utilization of low cost WS2 as an efficient cocatalyst to promote the photocatalytic H2 production of g-C3N4.

  18. Mycoplasma-induced BALB/c 3T3 collagenase is a mammalian enzyme.

    PubMed Central

    Kluve, B; Merrick, W C; Gershman, H

    1983-01-01

    A collagenase previously reported to accumulate in the medium of cultures of BALB/c 3T3 cells on infection with Mycoplasma orale [Kluve, Merrick, Stanbridge & Gershman (1981) Nature (London) 292, 855-857] was partially purified and characterized. With regard to purification properties, activation, sensitivity to inhibitors and relative molecular mass the enzyme was similar to previously reported vertebrate collagenases, but could not be unequivocally distinguished from bacterial collagenases. With regard to substrate-specificity and reaction products, however, the collagenase was typical of vertebrate collagenases and distinct from bacterial collagenases. Specifically, the enzyme displayed a preference for type III collagen and type I collagen, a somewhat decreased ability to degrade type II collagen, and a very limited ability to degrade type IV collagen. The initial products of the action of the collagenase on type I collagen were characterized as fragments one-quarter and three-quarters of the length of the intact collagen molecule. Because the properties of the collagenase produced by cultures of mycoplasma-infected BALB/c 3T3 cells are those of a mammalian-type (vertebrate-type) enzyme, we have concluded that the collagenase is a product of the mouse (BALB/c 3T3) genome, and is not produced by the mycoplasma. Therefore it appears that infection of BALB/c 3T3 mouse fibroblasts with Mycoplasma orale induces the mouse cells to produce and secrete collagenase. PMID:6309150

  19. Generation and characterization of a human-mouse chimeric high-affinity antibody that detects the DYKDDDDK FLAG peptide.

    PubMed

    Ikeda, Koki; Koga, Tomoaki; Sasaki, Fumiyuki; Ueno, Ayumi; Saeki, Kazuko; Okuno, Toshiaki; Yokomizo, Takehiko

    2017-05-13

    DYKDDDDK peptide (FLAG) is a useful tool for investigating the function and localization of proteins whose antibodies (Abs) are not available. We recently established a high-affinity monoclonal antibody (mAb) for FLAG (clone 2H8). The 2H8 Ab is highly sensitive for detecting FLAG-tagged proteins by flowcytometry and immunoprecipitation, but it can yield nonspecific signals in immunohistochemistry of mouse tissues because it is of mouse origin. In this study, we reduced nonspecific signals by generating a chimeric 2H8 Ab with Fc fragments derived from human immunoglobulin. We fused a 5' terminal cDNA fragments for the Fab region of 2H8 mAb with 3' terminal cDNA fragments for Fc region of human IgG1. We transfected both chimeric plasmids and purified the resulting human-mouse chimeric 2H8. The chimeric 2H8 Ab successfully detected FLAG-tagged proteins in flowcytometry with anti-human IgG secondary Ab with comparable sensitivity to 2H8 mAb. Importantly, chimeric 2H8 detected specific FLAG peptide signals without nonspecific signals in immunohistochemical analysis with mouse tissues. This human-mouse chimeric high-affinity anti-FLAG Ab will prove useful for future immunohistochemical analysis of mouse tissues. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. PHARMACOKINETIC EVALUATION OF PERFLUOROOCTANOIC ACID IN THE MOUSE

    EPA Science Inventory

    Pharmacokinetic evaluation of perfluorooctanoic acid in the mouse.

    1C. Lau, 2M.J. Strynar, 2A.B. Lindstrom, 1R.G. Hanson, 1J.R. Thibodeaux and 3H.A. Barton.

    1Reproductive Toxicology Division, 3Experimental Toxicology Division, NHEERL, 2Human Exposure and Atmospheric...

  1. ( sup 3 H)-DOB(4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine) and ( sup 3 H) ketanserin label two affinity states of the cloned human 5-hydroxytryptamine2 receptor

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Branchek, T.; Adham, N.; Macchi, M.

    1990-11-01

    The binding properties of the 5-hydroxytryptamine2 (5-HT2) receptor have been the subject of much interest and debate in recent years. The hallucinogenic amphetamine derivative 4-bromo-2,5-dimethoxyphenylisopropylamine (DOB) has been shown to bind to a small number of binding sites with properties very similar to (3H)ketanserin-labeled 5-HT2 receptors, but with much higher agonist affinities. Some researchers have interpreted this as evidence for the existence of a new subtype of 5-HT2 receptor (termed 5-HT2A), whereas others have interpreted these data as indicative of agonist high affinity and agonist low affinity states for the 5-HT2 receptor. In this investigation, a cDNA clone encoding themore » serotonin 5-HT2 receptor was transiently transfected into monkey kidney Cos-7 cells and stably transfected into mouse fibroblast L-M(TK-) cells. In both systems, expression of this single serotonin receptor cDNA led to the appearance of both (3H)DOB and (3H)ketanserin binding sites with properties that matched their binding characteristics in mammalian brain homogenates. Addition of guanosine 5'-(beta, gamma-imido) triphosphate (Gpp(NH)p) to this system caused a rightward shift and steepening of agonist competition curves for (3H) ketanserin binding, converting a two-site binding curve to a single low affinity binding state. Gpp(NH)p addition also caused a 50% decrease in the number of high affinity (3H)DOB binding sites, with no change in the dissociation constant of the remaining high affinity states. These data on a single human 5-HT2 receptor cDNA expressed in two different transfection host cells indicate that (3H)DOB and (3H)ketanserin binding reside on the same gene product, apparently interacting with agonist and antagonist conformations of a single human 5-HT2 receptor protein.« less

  2. Differences in susceptibility of mouse strains to tetrodotoxin.

    PubMed

    Suzuki, Hodaka

    2016-09-01

    The mouse bioassay for tetrodotoxin has been used for many years in Japan. To the best of our knowledge, however, there have only been a few reports that have specifically investigated differences in susceptibility to tetrodotoxin among mouse strains. In this study, we investigated the response of various mouse strains to tetrodotoxin. Tetrodotoxin solution was injected intraperitoneally into male mice of 5 inbred strains (A/J, BALB/c, C3H/He, C57BL/6, and DBA/2) and male and female mice of 2 non-inbred strains (ddY and ICR). Significant differences in susceptibility to tetrodotoxin were found among the mouse strains tested. In comparison to the ddY male mice, which are designated to be used in the Japanese reference method, the 5 inbred strains of mice tested were significantly more resistant to tetrodotoxin. However, no significant differences in tetrodotoxin susceptibility were observed between ddY male and female mice or between ddY male mice and ICR male and female mice. These results indicate that the users of the mouse bioassay should pay attention to differences in mouse strain in susceptibility to tetrodotoxin. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  3. Infrared spectra of ovalene (C32H14) and hydrogenated ovalene (C32H15˙) in solid para-hydrogen.

    PubMed

    Tsuge, Masashi; Bahou, Mohammed; Wu, Yu-Jong; Allamandola, Louis; Lee, Yuan-Pern

    2016-10-19

    We report the infrared (IR) spectra of ovalene (C 32 H 14 ) and hydrogenated ovalene (C 32 H 15 ˙) in solid para-hydrogen (p-H 2 ). The hydrogenated ovalene and protonated ovalene were generated from electron bombardment of a mixture of ovalene and p-H 2 during deposition of a matrix at 3.2 K. The features that decreased with time have been previously assigned to 7-C 32 H 15 + , the most stable isomer of protonated ovalene (Astrophys. J., 2016, 825, 96). The spectral features that increased with time are assigned to the most stable isomer of hydrogenated ovalene (7-C 32 H 15 ˙) based on the expected chemistry and on a comparison with the vibrational wavenumbers and IR intensities predicted by the B3PW91/6-311++G(2d,2p) method. The mechanism of formation of 7-C 32 H 15 ˙ is discussed according to the observed changes in intensity and calculated energetics of possible reactions of H + C 32 H 14 and isomerization of C 32 H 15 ˙. The formation of 7-C 32 H 15 ˙ is dominated by the reaction H + C 32 H 14 → 7-C 32 H 15 ˙, implying that, regardless of the presence of a barrier, the hydrogenation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons occurs even at 3.2 K.

  4. Adsorption of H2O, H2, O2, CO, NO, and CO2 on graphene/g-C3N4 nanocomposite investigated by density functional theory

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Hong-Zhang; Bandaru, Sateesh; Liu, Jin; Li, Li-Li; Wang, Zhenling

    2018-02-01

    Motivated by the photocatalytic reactions of small molecules on g-C3N4 by these insights, we sought to explore the adsorption of H2O and CO2 molecules on the graphene side and H2O, H2, O2, CO, NO, and CO2 molecules on the g-C3N4 side of hybrid g-C3N4/graphene nanocomposite using first-principles calculations. The atomic structure and electronic properties of hybrid g-C3N4/graphene nanocomposite is explored. The adsorption of small molecules on graphene/g-C3N4 nanocomposite is thoroughly investigated. The computational studies revels that all small molecules on graphene/g-C3N4 nanocomposite are the physisorption. The adsorption characteristics of H2O and CO2 molecules on the graphene side are similar to that on graphene. The adsorption of H2O, H2, O2, CO, NO, and CO2 molecules on the g-C3N4 side always leads to a buckle structure of graphene/g-C3N4 nanocomposite. Graphene as a substrate can significantly relax the buckle degree of g-C3N4 in g-C3N4/graphene nanocomposite.

  5. H3S10ph broadly marks early-replicating domains in interphase ESCs and shows reciprocal antagonism with H3K9me2.

    PubMed

    Chen, Carol C L; Goyal, Preeti; Karimi, Mohammad M; Abildgaard, Marie H; Kimura, Hiroshi; Lorincz, Matthew C

    2018-01-01

    Phosphorylation of histone H3 at serine 10 (H3S10ph) by Aurora kinases plays an important role in mitosis; however, H3S10ph also marks regulatory regions of inducible genes in interphase mammalian cells, implicating mitosis-independent functions. Using the fluorescent ubiquitin-mediated cell cycle indicator (FUCCI), we found that 30% of the genome in interphase mouse embryonic stem cells (ESCs) is marked with H3S10ph. H3S10ph broadly demarcates gene-rich regions in G1 and is positively correlated with domains of early DNA replication timing (RT) but negatively correlated with H3K9me2 and lamin-associated domains (LADs). Consistent with mitosis-independent kinase activity, this pattern was preserved in ESCs treated with Hesperadin, a potent inhibitor of Aurora B/C kinases. Disruption of H3S10ph by expression of nonphosphorylatable H3.3S10A results in ectopic spreading of H3K9me2 into adjacent euchromatic regions, mimicking the phenotype observed in Drosophila JIL-1 kinase mutants . Conversely, interphase H3S10ph domains expand in Ehmt1 (also known as Glp ) null ESCs, revealing that H3S10ph deposition is restricted by H3K9me2. Strikingly, spreading of H3S10ph at RT transition regions (TTRs) is accompanied by aberrant transcription initiation of genes co-oriented with the replication fork in Ehmt1 -/- and Ehmt2 -/- ESCs, indicating that establishment of repressive chromatin on the leading strand following DNA synthesis may depend upon these lysine methyltransferases. H3S10ph is also anti-correlated with H3K9me2 in interphase murine embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and is restricted to intragenic regions of actively transcribing genes by EHMT2. Taken together, these observations reveal that H3S10ph may play a general role in restricting the spreading of repressive chromatin in interphase mammalian cells. © 2018 Chen et al.; Published by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.

  6. Respiratory strategy is a major determinant of [3H]water and [14C]chlorpyrifos uptake in aquatic insects

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Buchwalter, D.B.; Jenkins, J.J.; Curtis, L.R.

    2002-01-01

    Despite the extensive use of aquatic insects to evaluate freshwater ecosystem health, little is known about the underlying factors that result in sensitivity differences between taxa. Organismal characteristics (respiratory strategy and body size) were used to explore the rates of [3H]H2O and [14)C]chlorpyrifos accumulation in aquatic insects. Ten aquatic insect taxa, including ephemeropteran, trichopteran, dipteran, hemipteran, and coleopteran species, were exposed to [14C]chlorpyrifos (240 ng??L-1) and [3H]H2O for up to 12 h. Because exchange epithelial surfaces on the)integument are permeable to water, [3H]H2O was used as a quantitative surrogate for exposed cellular surface area.) [14C]Chlorpyrifos uptake rates were highly correlated with water permeability in all 10 taxa tested and largely covaried with body size and respiratory strategy. Rates were highest among smaller organisms on a per-weight basis and in taxa with relatively large external cellular surfaces such as gills. Air-breathing taxa were significantly less permeable to both [3)HH20 and [14C)C]chlorpyrifos. A method for labeling exposed epithelial surfaces with a fluorescent dye was developed. This technique allowed discrimination between exchange epithelium and barrier tissue on the integument. Fluorescent dye distributions on the body surface provided a rapid method for estimating exposed epithelium consistent with [3H]H2O and [14)C]chlorpyrifos accumulation.

  7. Microchip-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Carminato, Antonio; Vascellari, Marta; Marchioro, Wendy; Melchiotti, Erica; Mutinelli, Franco

    2011-12-01

    A 9-year-old, neutered male cat was presented for a subcutaneous mass on the neck. After surgical removal of the mass, a pet identification microchip was found within the tumour. Histological examination of the mass revealed typical features of the feline postinjection sarcoma. The cat had never received injections at the tumour site; all routine vaccinations were administered in the hindlimbs. Few cases of sarcomas developing at the site of microchip application have been reported in animals, although the contributory role of vaccine administrations has not been ruled out. This is the first report of a microchip-associated fibrosarcoma in a cat. Adherence to American Association of Feline Practitioners vaccination guidelines, avoiding the interscapular area, enabled confirmation of the definitive aetiology of the neoplasia. © 2011 The Authors. Veterinary Dermatology. © 2011 ESVD and ACVD.

  8. Spectroscopic Constants and Vibrational Frequencies for l-C3H+ and Isotopologues from Highly-Accurate Quartic Force Fields: The Detection of l-C3H+ in the Horsehead Nebula PDR Questioned

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Huang, Xinchuan; Fortenberry, Ryan Clifton; Lee, Timothy J.

    2013-01-01

    Very recently, molecular rotational transitions observed in the photon-dominated region of the Horsehead nebula have been attributed to l-C3H+. In an effort to corroborate this finding, we employed state-of-the art and proven high-accuracy quantum chemical techniques to compute spectroscopic constants for this cation and its isotopologues. Even though the B rotational constant from the fit of the observed spectrum and our computations agree to within 20 MHz, a typical level of accuracy, the D rotational constant differs by more than 40%, while the H rotational constant differs by three orders of magnitude. With the likely errors in the rotational transition energies resulting from this difference in D on the order of 1 MHz for the lowest observed transition (J = 4 yields 3) and growing as J increases, the assignment of the observed rotational lines from the Horsehead nebula to l-C3H+ is questionable.

  9. Measurements of Breakdown Field and Forward Current Stability in 3C-SiC P-N Junction Diodes Grown on Step-Free 4H-SiC

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Neudeck, Philip G.; Spry, David J.; Trunek, Andrew J.

    2005-01-01

    This paper reports on initial fabrication and electrical characterization of 3C-SiC p-n junction diodes grown on step-free 4H-SiC mesas. Diodes with n-blocking-layer doping ranging from approx. 2 x 10(exp 16)/cu cm to approx.. 5 x 10(exp 17)/cu cm were fabricated and tested. No optimization of junction edge termination or ohmic contacts was employed. Room temperature reverse characteristics of the best devices show excellent low-leakage behavior, below previous 3C-SiC devices produced by other growth techniques, until the onset of a sharp breakdown knee. The resulting estimated breakdown field of 3C-SiC is at least twice the breakdown field of silicon, but is only around half the breakdown field of <0001> 4H-SiC for the doping range studied. Initial high current stressing of 3C diodes at 100 A/sq cm for more than 20 hours resulted in less than 50 mV change in approx. 3 V forward voltage. 3C-SiC, pn junction, p+n diode, rectifier, reverse breakdown, breakdown field,heteroepitaxy, epitaxial growth, electroluminescence, mesa, bipolar diode

  10. Molecular cloning and characterization of two novel human renal organic anion transporters (hOAT1 and hOAT3).

    PubMed

    Race, J E; Grassl, S M; Williams, W J; Holtzman, E J

    1999-02-16

    The cloned organic anion transporters from rat, mouse, and winter flounder (rOAT1, mOAT1, fROAT) mediate the coupled exchange of alpha-ketoglutarate with multiple organic anions, including p-aminohippurate (PAH). We have isolated two novel gene products from human kidney which bear significant homology to the known OATs and belong to the amphiphilic solute facilitator (ASF) family. The cDNAs, hOAT1 and hOAT3, encode for 550- and 568-amino-acid residue proteins, respectively. hOAT1 and hOAT3 mRNAs are expressed strongly in kidney and weakly in brain. Both genes map to chromosome 11 region q11.7. PAH uptake by Xenopus laevis oocytes injected with hOAT1 mRNA is increased 100-fold compared to water-injected oocytes. PAH uptake is chloride dependent and is not further increased by preincubation of oocytes in 5 mM glutarate. Uptake of PAH is inhibited by probenicid, alpha-ketoglutarate, bumetanide, furosemide, and losartan, but not by salicylate, urate, choline, amilioride, and hydrochlorothiazide. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

  11. Transition Metal-Free Selective Double sp(3) C-H Oxidation of Cyclic Amines to 3-Alkoxyamine Lactams.

    PubMed

    Osorio-Nieto, Urbano; Chamorro-Arenas, Delfino; Quintero, Leticia; Höpfl, Herbert; Sartillo-Piscil, Fernando

    2016-09-16

    The first chemical method for selective dual sp(3) C-H functionalization at the alpha-and beta positions of cyclic amines to their corresponding 3-alkoxyamine lactams is reported. Unlike traditional Cα-H oxidation of amines to amides mediated by transition metals, the present protocol, which involves the use of NaClO2/TEMPO/NaClO in either aqueous or organic solvent, not only allows the Cα-H oxidation but also the subsequent functionalization of the unreactive β-methylene group in an unprecedented tandem fashion and using environmentally friendly reactants.

  12. Ratiometric photoluminescence sensing based on Ti3C2 MXene quantum dots as an intracellular pH sensor.

    PubMed

    Chen, Xu; Sun, Xueke; Xu, Wen; Pan, Gencai; Zhou, Donglei; Zhu, Jinyang; Wang, He; Bai, Xue; Dong, Biao; Song, Hongwei

    2018-01-18

    Intracellular pH sensing is of importance and can be used as an indicator for monitoring the evolution of various diseases and the health of cells. Here, we developed a new class of surface-functionalized MXene quantum dots (QDs), Ti 3 C 2 , by the sonication cutting and hydrothermal approach and further explored their intracellular pH sensing. The functionalized Ti 3 C 2 QDs exhibit bright excitation-dependent blue photoluminescence (PL) originating from the size effect and surface defects. Meanwhile, Ti 3 C 2 QDs demonstrate a high PL response induced by the deprotonation of the surface defects. Furthermore, combining the highly pH sensitive Ti 3 C 2 QDs with the pH insensitive [Ru(dpp) 3 ]Cl 2 , we developed a ratiometric pH sensor to quantitatively monitor the intracellular pH values. These novel MXene quantum dots can serve as a promising platform for developing practical fluorescent nanosensors.

  13. On the Formation of the C{sub 2}H{sub 6}O Isomers Ethanol (C{sub 2}H{sub 5}OH) and Dimethyl Ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}) in Star-forming Regions

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Bergantini, Alexandre; Maksyutenko, Pavlo; Kaiser, Ralf I., E-mail: ralfk@hawaii.edu

    The structural isomers ethanol (CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}OH) and dimethyl ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}) were detected in several low-, intermediate-, and high-mass star-forming regions, including Sgr B2, Orion, and W33A, with the relative abundance ratios of ethanol/dimethyl ether varying from about 0.03 to 3.4. Until now, no experimental data regarding the formation mechanisms and branching ratios of these two species in laboratory simulation experiments could be provided. Here, we exploit tunable photoionization reflectron time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PI-ReTOF-MS) to detect and analyze the production of complex organic molecules (COMs) resulting from the exposure of water/methane (H{sub 2}O/CH{sub 4}) ices to energetic electrons.more » The main goal is to understand the formation mechanisms in star-forming regions of two C{sub 2}H{sub 6}O isomers: ethanol (CH{sub 3}CH{sub 2}OH) and dimethyl ether (CH{sub 3}OCH{sub 3}). The results show that the experimental branching ratios favor the synthesis of ethanol versus dimethyl ether (31 ± 11:1). This finding diverges from the abundances observed toward most star-forming regions, suggesting that production routes on interstellar grains to form dimethyl ether might be missing; alternatively, ethanol can be overproduced in the present simulation experiments, such as via radical–radical recombination pathways involving ethyl and hydroxyl radicals. Finally, the PI-ReTOF-MS data suggest the formation of methylacetylene (C{sub 3}H{sub 4}), ketene (CH{sub 2}CO), propene (C{sub 3}H{sub 6}), vinyl alcohol (CH{sub 2}CHOH), acetaldehyde (CH{sub 3}CHO), and methyl hydroperoxide (CH{sub 3}OOH), in addition to ethane (C{sub 2}H{sub 6}), methanol (CH{sub 3}OH), and CO{sub 2} detected from infrared spectroscopy. The yield of all the confirmed species is also determined.« less

  14. C/EBPα and C/EBPβ Are Required for Sebocyte Differentiation and Stratified Squamous Differentiation in Adult Mouse Skin

    PubMed Central

    House, John S.; Zhu, Songyun; Ranjan, Rakesh; Linder, Keith; Smart, Robert C.

    2010-01-01

    C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are bZIP transcription factors that are highly expressed in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands of skin and yet germ line deletion of either family member alone has only mild or no effect on keratinocyte biology and their role in sebocyte biology has never been examined. To address possible functional redundancies and reveal functional roles of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ in postnatal skin, mouse models were developed in which either family member could be acutely ablated alone or together in the epidermis and sebaceous glands of adult mice. Acute removal of either C/EBPα or C/EBPβ alone in adult mouse skin revealed modest to no discernable changes in epidermis or sebaceous glands. In contrast, co-ablation of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ in postnatal epidermis resulted in disruption of stratified squamous differentiation characterized by hyperproliferation of basal and suprabasal keratinocytes and a defective basal to spinous keratinocyte transition involving an expanded basal compartment and a diminished and delayed spinous compartment. Acute co-ablation of C/EBPα and C/EBPβ in sebaceous glands resulted in severe morphological defects, and sebocyte differentiation was blocked as determined by lack of sebum production and reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD3) and melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R), two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation. Specialized sebocytes of Meibomian glands and preputial glands were also affected. Our results indicate that in adult mouse skin, C/EBPα and C/EBPβ are critically involved in regulating sebocyte differentiation and epidermal homeostasis involving the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition and basal cell cycle withdrawal. PMID:20352127

  15. C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta are required for Sebocyte differentiation and stratified squamous differentiation in adult mouse skin.

    PubMed

    House, John S; Zhu, Songyun; Ranjan, Rakesh; Linder, Keith; Smart, Robert C

    2010-03-23

    C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta are bZIP transcription factors that are highly expressed in the interfollicular epidermis and sebaceous glands of skin and yet germ line deletion of either family member alone has only mild or no effect on keratinocyte biology and their role in sebocyte biology has never been examined. To address possible functional redundancies and reveal functional roles of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta in postnatal skin, mouse models were developed in which either family member could be acutely ablated alone or together in the epidermis and sebaceous glands of adult mice. Acute removal of either C/EBPalpha or C/EBPbeta alone in adult mouse skin revealed modest to no discernable changes in epidermis or sebaceous glands. In contrast, co-ablation of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta in postnatal epidermis resulted in disruption of stratified squamous differentiation characterized by hyperproliferation of basal and suprabasal keratinocytes and a defective basal to spinous keratinocyte transition involving an expanded basal compartment and a diminished and delayed spinous compartment. Acute co-ablation of C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta in sebaceous glands resulted in severe morphological defects, and sebocyte differentiation was blocked as determined by lack of sebum production and reduced expression of stearoyl-CoA desaturase (SCD3) and melanocortin 5 receptor (MC5R), two markers of terminal sebocyte differentiation. Specialized sebocytes of Meibomian glands and preputial glands were also affected. Our results indicate that in adult mouse skin, C/EBPalpha and C/EBPbeta are critically involved in regulating sebocyte differentiation and epidermal homeostasis involving the basal to spinous keratinocyte transition and basal cell cycle withdrawal.

  16. Manganese-catalysed benzylic C(sp3)-H amination for late-stage functionalization

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Clark, Joseph R.; Feng, Kaibo; Sookezian, Anasheh; White, M. Christina

    2018-06-01

    Reactions that directly install nitrogen into C-H bonds of complex molecules are significant because of their potential to change the chemical and biological properties of a given compound. Although selective intramolecular C-H amination reactions are known, achieving high levels of reactivity while maintaining excellent site selectivity and functional-group tolerance remains a challenge for intermolecular C-H amination. Here, we report a manganese perchlorophthalocyanine catalyst [MnIII(ClPc)] for intermolecular benzylic C-H amination of bioactive molecules and natural products that proceeds with unprecedented levels of reactivity and site selectivity. In the presence of a Brønsted or Lewis acid, the [MnIII(ClPc)]-catalysed C-H amination demonstrates unique tolerance for tertiary amine, pyridine and benzimidazole functionalities. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-H amination likely proceeds through an electrophilic metallonitrene intermediate via a stepwise pathway where C-H cleavage is the rate-determining step of the reaction. Collectively, these mechanistic features contrast with previous base-metal-catalysed C-H aminations and provide new opportunities for tunable selectivities.

  17. Manganese-catalysed benzylic C(sp3)-H amination for late-stage functionalization.

    PubMed

    Clark, Joseph R; Feng, Kaibo; Sookezian, Anasheh; White, M Christina

    2018-06-01

    Reactions that directly install nitrogen into C-H bonds of complex molecules are significant because of their potential to change the chemical and biological properties of a given compound. Although selective intramolecular C-H amination reactions are known, achieving high levels of reactivity while maintaining excellent site selectivity and functional-group tolerance remains a challenge for intermolecular C-H amination. Here, we report a manganese perchlorophthalocyanine catalyst [MnIII(ClPc)] for intermolecular benzylic C-H amination of bioactive molecules and natural products that proceeds with unprecedented levels of reactivity and site selectivity. In the presence of a Brønsted or Lewis acid, the [MnIII(ClPc)]-catalysed C-H amination demonstrates unique tolerance for tertiary amine, pyridine and benzimidazole functionalities. Mechanistic studies suggest that C-H amination likely proceeds through an electrophilic metallonitrene intermediate via a stepwise pathway where C-H cleavage is the rate-determining step of the reaction. Collectively, these mechanistic features contrast with previous base-metal-catalysed C-H aminations and provide new opportunities for tunable selectivities.

  18. High pressure structure studies of 6H-SrIrO3 and the octahedral tilting in 3C-SrIrO3 towards a post-perovskite

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kronbo, Camilla H.; Nielsen, Morten B.; Kevy, Simone M.; Parisiades, Paraskevas; Bremholm, Martin

    2016-06-01

    The high pressure behaviors of the two perovskite structures (hexagonal 6H-SrIrO3 and orthorhombic 3C-SrIrO3) have been studied in diamond anvil cells to 43 and 60 GPa, respectively, using synchrotron powder X-ray diffraction. 6H-SrIrO3 was first synthesized at ambient pressure and subsequently transformed into 3C-SrIrO3 in a large volume press at 8.8 GPa and 1000 °C. Both polymorphs were found to retain the initial symmetry up to the highest pressures measured, but in the case of 6H-SrIrO3, two anomalies were identified: a change in the axial compressibilities at 24 GPa and a change in both the axial and volume compressibilities at 32 GPa. Fitting a 3rd order Birch-Murnaghan equation of state to the obtained P-V data yielded bulk moduli of K0=151.5(12) GPa (fitted range 0H-SrIrO3 and K0=187.1(9) GPa for 3C-SrIrO3. Analysis of the structural parameters for 6H-SrIrO3 aided by F-f plots suggests the anomalies are caused by changes in the compression mechanism. Comparison of the two polymorphs reveals that 6H-SrIrO3 becomes less compressible than 3C-SrIrO3 above 32 GPa as a result of the mechanistic change, and a crossing of their P-V curves is avoided. For 3C-SrIrO3, analysis of the octahedral tilt angles shows that these increase monotonically from the ambient value of 7.23(6) to 23.0(2)° at 60 GPa suggesting that a transition to a post-perovskite is approached.

  19. Effect of potassium channel modulators in mouse forced swimming test

    PubMed Central

    Galeotti, Nicoletta; Ghelardini, Carla; Caldari, Bernardetta; Bartolini, Alessandro

    1999-01-01

    The effect of intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of different potassium channel blockers (tetraethylammonium, apamin, charybdotoxin, gliquidone), potassium channel openers (pinacidil, minoxidil, cromakalim) and aODN to mKv1.1 on immobility time was evaluated in the mouse forced swimming test, an animal model of depression. Tetraethylammonium (TEA; 5 μg per mouse i.c.v.), apamin (3 ng per mouse i.c.v.), charybdotoxin (1 μg per mouse i.c.v.) and gliquidone (6 μg per mouse i.c.v.) administered 20 min before the test produced anti-immobility comparable to that induced by the tricyclic antidepressants amitriptyline (15 mg kg−1 s.c.) and imipramine (30 mg kg−1 s.c.). By contrast pinacidil (10–20 μg per mouse i.c.v.), minoxidil (10–20 μg per mouse i.c.v.) and cromakalim (20–30 μg per mouse i.c.v.) increased immobility time when administered in the same experimental conditions. Repeated administration of an antisense oligonucleotide (aODN) to the mKv1.1 gene (1 and 3 nmol per single i.c.v. injection) produced a dose-dependent increase in immobility time of mice 72 h after the last injection. At day 7, the increasing effect produced by aODN disappeared. A degenerate mKv1.1 oligonucleotide (dODN), used as control, did not produce any effect in comparison with saline- and vector-treated mice. At the highest effective dose, potassium channels modulators and the mKv1.1 aODN did not impair motor coordination, as revealed by the rota rod test, nor did they modify spontaneous motility as revealed by the Animex apparatus. These results suggest that modulation of potassium channels plays an important role in the regulation of immobility time in the mouse forced swimming test. PMID:10323599

  20. Damaging role of neutrophilic infiltration in a mouse model of progressive tuberculosis.

    PubMed

    Marzo, Elena; Vilaplana, Cristina; Tapia, Gustavo; Diaz, Jorge; Garcia, Vanessa; Cardona, Pere-Joan

    2014-01-01

    Tuberculosis was studied using an experimental model based on the C3HeB/FeJ mouse strain, which mimics the liquefaction of caseous necrosis occurring during active disease in immunocompetent adults. Mice were intravenously infected with 2 × 10(4) Colony Forming Units of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and their histopathology, immune response, bacillary load, and survival were evaluated. The effects of the administration of drugs with anti-inflammatory activity were examined, and the C3H/HeN mouse strain was also included for comparative purposes. Massive intra-alveolar neutrophilic infiltration led to rapid granuloma growth and coalescence of lesions into superlesions. A central necrotic area appeared showing progressive cellular destruction, the alveoli cell walls being initially conserved (caseous necrosis) but finally destroyed (liquefactive necrosis). Increasing levels of pro-inflammatory mediators were detected in lungs. C3HeB/FeJ treated with anti-inflammatory drugs and C3H/HeN animals presented lower levels of pro-inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α, IL-17, IL-6 and CXCL5, a lower bacillary load, better histopathology, and increased survival compared with untreated C3HeB/FeJ. The observation of massive neutrophilic infiltration suggests that inflammation may be a key factor in progression towards active tuberculosis. On the basis of our findings, we consider that the C3HeB/FeJ mouse model would be useful for evaluating new therapeutic strategies against human tuberculosis. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  1. Differential effects of trichostatin A on gelatinase A expression in 3T3 fibroblasts and HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells: implications for use of TSA in cancer therapy.

    PubMed

    Ailenberg, Menachem; Silverman, Mel

    2003-03-07

    Trichostatin A (TSA) is a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor with potential in cancer therapeutics. In a recent communication, we demonstrated that TSA is a selective, potent inhibitor of gelatinase A in 3T3 fibroblasts. In the present study, we extend these observations and examine the effects of TSA in 3T3 fibroblasts compared to HT-1080 fibrosarcoma cells with respect to gelatinase A expression, cell viability, and apoptosis. We find that while expression of gelatinase A in 3T3 fibroblasts is exquisitely sensitive to inhibition by TSA, expression of this enzyme in HT-1080 cells is minimally affected by this compound. Moreover, we show that TSA is pro-apoptotic in HT-1080 cells, but is anti-apoptotic in 3T3 cells. We propose a two-pronged model for the therapeutic action of TSA. On the one hand TSA selectively decreases cancer cell viability, while enhancing the viability of stromal cells. On the other hand, by selectively decreasing gelatinase A expression in stromal but not cancer cells, TSA acts to control metastatic potential by reducing the ability of metastatic cells to recruit stromal cells to secrete gelatinase A.

  2. Distinctive activation and functionalization of hydrocarbon C-H bonds initiated by Cp*W(NO)(η(3)-allyl)(CH2CMe3) complexes.

    PubMed

    Baillie, Rhett A; Legzdins, Peter

    2014-02-18

    Converting hydrocarbon feedstocks into value-added chemicals continues to offer challenges to contemporary preparative chemists. A particularly important remaining challenge is the selective activation and functionalization of the C(sp(3))-H linkages of alkanes, which are relatively abundant but chemically inert. This Account outlines the discovery and development of C-H bond functionalization mediated by a family of tungsten organometallic nitrosyl complexes. Specifically, it describes how gentle thermolyses of any of four 18-electron Cp*W(NO)(η(3)-allyl)(CH2CMe3) complexes (Cp* = η(5)-C5Me5; η(3)-allyl = η(3)-H2CCHCHMe, η(3)-H2CCHCHSiMe3, η(3)-H2CCHCHPh, or η(3)-H2CCHCMe2) results in the loss of neopentane and the transient formation of a 16-electron intermediate species, Cp*W(NO)(η(2)-allene) and/or Cp*W(NO)(η(2)-diene). We have never detected any of these species spectroscopically, but we infer their existence based on trapping experiments with trimethylphosphine (PMe3) and labeling experiments using deuterated hydrocarbon substrates. This Account first summarizes the syntheses and properties of the four chiral Cp*W(NO)(η(3)-allyl)(CH2CMe3) complexes. It then outlines the various types of C-H activations we have effected with each of the 16-electron (η(2)-allene) or (η(2)-diene) intermediate nitrosyl complexes, and presents the results of mechanistic investigations of some of these processes. It next describes the characteristic chemical properties of the Cp*W(NO)(η(3)-allyl)(η(1)-hydrocarbyl) compounds formed by the single activations of C(sp(3))-H bonds, with particular emphasis on those reactions that result in the selective functionalization of the original hydrocarbon substrate. We are continuing development of methods to release the acyl ligands from the metal centers while keeping the Cp*W(NO)(η(3)-allyl) fragments intact, with the ultimate aim of achieving these distinctive conversions of alkanes into functionalized organics in a

  3. Isolation of 1,4-Li(2)-C(6)H(4) and its reaction with [(Ph(3)P)AuCl].

    PubMed

    Flower, Kevin R; McGown, A T; Miles, Philip J; Pritchard, Robin G; Warren, John E

    2010-04-14

    The difficulty in generating 1,4-Li2-C6H4 utilising the lithium halogen exchange reaction on 1,4-Br2-C6H4, 1,4-I2-C6H4 and 1-Br-4-I-C6H4 is revisited and only on treatment of 1,4-I2-C6H4 with 2 molar equivalents of n-BuLi can 1,4-Li2-C6H4 1 be isolated in excellent yield. Treatment of 1 with two equivalents of [ClAu(PPh3)] gives [1,4-(Ph3PAu)2-C6H4] 2a in excellent yield. Subsequent treatment of 2a with 2.5 molar equivalents of PPh2Me, PPhMe2 or PMe3 affords the PPh3 substituted compounds [1,4-(LAu)2-C6H4] (L = PPh2Me 2b, PPhMe2 2c, PMe3 2d) in essentially quantitative yields. On treatment of 1,4-Br2-C6H4 or 1-Br-4-I-C6H4 with 2 molar equivalents of n-BuLi only mono-lithiation takes place to give 1-Br-4-Li-C6H4 3 as shown through the isolation of essentially 1:1 molar equivalents of Ph2PC6H4-4-Br and Ph2PBu on treatment with 2 molar equivalents of ClPPh2. Treatment of 3, prepared by lithium/iodine exchange on 1-Br-4-I-C6H4, with [ClAu(PPh3)] affords [(Ph3P)Au(C6H4-4-Br)] 4 as expected and in addition [(Ph3P)Au(n-Bu)(C6H4-4-Br)2] 5, indicating the straightforward chloride/aryl exchange at gold may proceed in competition with oxidative addition of the n-BuI, generated in the initial lithium/iodine exchange reaction, to some aurate complex Li[Au(C6H4-4-Br)2] 6 formed in situ followed by reductive elimination of Br-C6H4-4-n-Bu in a manner that mimics lithium diorganocuprate chemistry. All of the gold-containing compounds have been spectroscopically characterised by 1H and 31P-{1H} NMR and in addition compounds 2a-d and 5 by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The solid state structures observed for 2a-d are dictated by non-conventional hydrogen bonding and the packing requirements of the phosphine ligands. For 2a and 2b there is no close Au...Au approach, however for 2c and 2d the reduction in the number of phenyl rings allows the formation of Au...Au contacts. For 2c and 2d the extended structures appear to be helical chains with Au...Au contact parameters of 3

  4. Chelation of /sup 238/Pu(IV) in vivo by 3,4,3-LICAM(C): Effects of ligand methylation and pH

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Durbin, P.W.; White, D.L.; Jeung, N.L.

    1989-06-01

    The linear tetracarboxycatecholate ligand, 3,4,3-LICAM(C) N1,N5,N10,N14-tetrakis(2,3-dihydroxy-4-carboxybenzoyl-tetraaza tet radecane, tetra sodium salt) injected within 1 h after injection of Pu(IV) citrate, removes about the same fraction of Pu from animals as CaNa3-DTPA but removes less inhaled Pu than CaNa3-DTPA and leaves a Pu residue in the renal cortex. However, the formation constant of the expected Pu-3,4,3-LICAM(C) complexes are orders of magnitude greater than that of Pu-DTPA, and 3,4,3-LICAM(C) is 100 times more efficient than CaNa3-DTPA for removing Pu from transferrin in vitro. Because the formation constants of their actinide complexes are central to in vivo actinide chelation, ligand design strategies aremore » dominated by the search for ligands with large Pu complex stabilities, and it was necessary to explain the failure of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) to achieve its thermodynamic potential in vivo. All the batches of 3,4,3-LICAM(C) prepared at Berkeley or in France (Euro-LICAM(C)) were found by high-pressure liquid chromatography to be mixtures of the pure ligand (55% in Berkeley preparations, 8.5% in Euro-LICAM(C)) and its four methylesters. A revised synthesis for 3,4,3-LICAM(C) is appended to this report. All of the incompletely hydrolyzed 3,4,3-LICAM(C) preparations and the pure ligand were tested for removal of Pu from mice (238Pu(IV) citrate intravenous, 30 mumol kg-1 of ligand at 1 h, kill at 24 h, radioanalyze tissues and separated excretal). The presence of methylesters did not significantly impair the ability of the ligands to remove Pu from mice, and it did not alter the fraction of injected Pu deposited in kidneys. Temporary elevation (reduction) of plasma and urine pH of mice by 0.5 mL of 0.1 M NaHCO3 (NH4Cl) injected before or simultaneously with pure 3,4,3-LICAM(C) somewhat improved (significantly reduced) Pu excretion but had little influence on Pu deposition in kidneys.« less

  5. Infrared spectra of the 1-pyridinium (C5H5NH+) cation and pyridinyl (C5H5NH and 4-C5H6N) radicals isolated in solid para-hydrogen.

    PubMed

    Golec, Barbara; Das, Prasanta; Bahou, Mohammed; Lee, Yuan-Pern

    2013-12-19

    Protonated pyridine and its neutral counterparts (C5H6N) are important intermediates in organic and biological reactions and in the atmosphere. We have recorded the IR absorption spectra of the 1-pyridinium (C5H5NH(+)) cation, 1-pyridinyl (C5H5NH), and 4-pyridinyl (4-C5H6N) produced on electron bombardment during matrix deposition of a mixture of pyridine (C5H5N) and p-H2 at 3.2 K; all spectra were previously unreported. The IR features of C5H5NH(+) diminished in intensity after the matrix was maintained in darkness for 15 h, whereas those of C5H5NH and 4-C5H6N radicals increased. Irradiation of this matrix with light at 365 nm diminished lines of C5H5NH(+) and C5H5NH but enhanced lines of 4-C5H6N slightly, whereas irradiation at 405 nm diminished lines of 4-C5H6N significantly. Observed wavenumbers and relative intensities of these species agree satisfactorily with the anharmonic vibrational wavenumbers and IR intensities predicted with the B3LYP/6-31++G(d,p) method. Assignments of C5H5NH and 4-C5H6N radicals were further supported by the observation of similar spectra when a Cl2/C5H5N/p-H2 matrix was irradiated first at 365 nm and then with IR light to generate H atoms to induce the H + C5H5N reaction.

  6. Platinum-Catalyzed Terminal-Selective C(sp3)–H Oxidation of Aliphatic Amines

    PubMed Central

    Lee, Melissa; Sanford, Melanie S.

    2016-01-01

    This paper describes the terminal-selective Pt-catalyzed C(sp3)–H oxidation of aliphatic amines without the requirement for directing groups. CuCl2 is employed as a stoichiometric oxidant, and the reactions proceed in high yield at Pt loadings as low as 1 mol %. These transformations are conducted in the presence of sulfuric acid, which reacts with the amine substrates in situ to form ammonium salts. We propose that protonation of the amine serves at least three important roles: (i) it renders the substrates soluble in the aqueous reaction medium; (ii) it limits binding of the amine nitrogen to Pt or Cu; and (ii) it electronically deactivates the C–H bonds proximal to the nitrogen center. We demonstrate that this strategy is effective for the terminal-selective C(sp3)–H oxidation of a variety of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. PMID:26439251

  7. Computational Study of Pincer Iridium Catalytic Systems: C-H, N-H, and C-C Bond Activation and C-C Coupling Reactions

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, Tian

    Computational chemistry has achieved vast progress in the last decades in the field, which was considered to be only experimental before. DFT (density functional theory) calculations have been proven to be able to be applied to large systems, while maintaining high accuracy. One of the most important achievements of DFT calculations is in exploring the mechanism of bond activation reactions catalyzed by organometallic complexes. In this dissertation, we discuss DFT studies of several catalytic systems explored in the lab of Professor Alan S. Goldman. Headlines in the work are: (1) (R4PCP)Ir alkane dehydrogenation catalysts are highly selective and different from ( R4POCOP)Ir catalysts, predicting different rate-/selectivity-determining steps; (2) The study of the mechanism for double C-H addition/cyclometalation of phenanthrene or biphenyl by (tBu4PCP)Ir(I) and ( iPr4PCP)Ir illustrates that neutral Ir(III) C-H addition products can undergo a very facile second C-H addition, particularly in the case of sterically less-crowded Ir(I) complexes; (3) (iPr4PCP)Ir pure solid phase catalyst is highly effective in producing high yields of alpha-olefin products, since the activation enthalpy for dehydrogenation is higher than that for isomerization via an allyl pathway; higher temperatures favor the dehydrogenation/isomerization ratio; (4) (PCP)Ir(H)2(N2H4) complex follows a hydrogen transfer mechanism to undergo both dehydrogenation to form N 2 and H2, as well as hydrogen transfer followed by N-N bond cleavage to form NH3, N2, and H2; (5) The key for the catalytic effect of solvent molecule in CO insertion reaction for RMn(CO)5 is hydrogen bond assisted interaction. The basicity of the solvent determines the strength of the hydrogen bond interaction during the catalytic path and determines the catalytic power of the solvent; and (6) Dehydrogenative coupling of unactivated C-H bonds (intermolecular vinyl-vinyl, intramolecular vinyl-benzyl) is catalyzed by precursors of the

  8. Embryotrophic factor-3 from human oviductal cells affects the messenger RNA expression of mouse blastocyst.

    PubMed

    Lee, Y L; Lee, K F; Xu, J S; Kwok, K L; Luk, J M; Lee, W M; Yeung, W S B

    2003-02-01

    Our previous results showed that embryotrophic factor-3 (ETF-3) from human oviductal cells increased the size and hatching rate of mouse blastocysts in vitro. The present study investigated the production of ETF-3 by an immortalized human oviductal cell line (OE-E6/E7) and the effects of ETF-3 on the mRNA expression of mouse embryos. The ETF-3 was purified from primary oviductal cell conditioned media using sequential liquid chromatographic systems, and antiserum against ETF-3 was raised. The ETF-3-supplemented Chatot-Ziomek-Bavister medium was used to culture Day 1 MF1 x BALB/c mouse embryos for 4 days. The ETF-3 treatment significantly enhanced the mouse embryo blastulation and hatching rate. The antiserum, at concentrations of 0.03-3%, abolished the embryotrophic effect of ETF-3. Positive ETF-3 immunoreactivity was detected in the primary oviductal cells, OE-E6/E7, and blastocysts derived from ETF-3 treatment. Vero cells (African Green Monkey kidney cell line), fibroblasts, and embryos cultured in control medium did not possess ETF-3 immunoreactivity. The mRNA expression patterns of the treated embryos were studied at the blastocyst stage by mRNA differential display reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (DDRT-PCR). The DDRT-PCR showed that some of the mRNAs were differentially expressed after ETF-3 treatment. Twelve of the differentially expressed mRNAs that had high homology with cDNA sequences in the GenBank were selected for further characterization. The differential expression of seven of these mRNAs (ezrin, heat shock 70-kDa protein, cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIIa-L precursor, proteinase-activated receptor 2, eukaryotic translation initiation factor 2beta, cullin 1, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen) was confirmed by semiquantitative RT-PCR. In conclusion, immortalized oviductal cells produce ETF-3, which influences mRNA expression of mouse blastocyst.

  9. Monohalogenated ferrocenes C5H5FeC5H4 X (X = Cl, Br and I) and a second polymorph of C5H5FeC5H4I

    PubMed Central

    Romanov, Alexander S.; Mulroy, Joseph M.; Khrustalev, Victor N.; Antipin, Mikhail Yu.; Timofeeva, Tatiana V.

    2009-01-01

    The structures of the three title monosubstituted ferrocenes, namely 1-chloro­ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C5H4Cl)], (I), 1-bromo­ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C5H4Br)], (II), and 1-iodo­ferrocene, [Fe(C5H5)(C5H4I)], (III), were determined at 100 K. The chloro- and bromo­ferrocenes are isomorphous crystals. The new triclinic polymorph [space group P , Z = 4, T = 100 K, V = 943.8 (4) Å3] of iodo­ferrocene, (III), and the previously reported monoclinic polymorph of (III) [Laus, Wurst & Schottenberger (2005 ▶). Z. Kristallogr. New Cryst. Struct. 220, 229–230; space group Pc, Z = 4, T = 100 K, V = 924.9 Å3] were obtained by crystallization from ethanolic solutions at 253 and 303 K, respectively. All four phases contain two independent mol­ecules in the unit cell. The relative orientations of the cyclo­penta­dienyl (Cp) rings are eclipsed and staggered in the independent mol­ecules of (I) and (II), while (III) demonstrates only an eclipsed conformation. The triclinic and monoclinic polymorphs of (III) contain nonbonded inter­molecular I⋯I contacts, causing different packing modes. In the triclinic form of (III), the mol­ecules are arranged in zigzag tetra­mers, while in the monoclinic form the mol­ecules are arranged in zigzag chains along the a axis. Crystallographic data for (III), along with the computed lattice energies of the two polymorphs, suggest that the monoclinic form is more stable. PMID:19893225

  10. C 3-symmetric opioid scaffolds are pH-responsive DNA condensation agents

    PubMed Central

    McStay, Natasha; Molphy, Zara; Coughlan, Alan; Cafolla, Attilio; McKee, Vickie; Gathergood, Nicholas; Kellett, Andrew

    2017-01-01

    Herein we report the synthesis of tripodal C3-symmetric opioid scaffolds as high-affinity condensation agents of duplex DNA. Condensation was achieved on both supercoiled and canonical B-DNA structures and identified by agarose electrophoresis, viscosity, turbidity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Structurally, the requirement of a tris-opioid scaffold for condensation is demonstrated as both di- (C2-symmetric) and mono-substituted (C1-symmetric) mesitylene-linked opioid derivatives poorly coordinate dsDNA. Condensation, observed by toroidal and globule AFM aggregation, arises from surface-binding ionic interactions between protonated, cationic, tertiary amine groups on the opioid skeleton and the phosphate nucleic acid backbone. Indeed, by converting the 6-hydroxyl group of C3-morphine (MC3) to methoxy substituents in C3-heterocodeine (HC3) and C3-oripavine (OC3) molecules, dsDNA compaction is retained thus negating the possibility of phosphate—hydroxyl surface-binding. Tripodal opioid condensation was identified as pH dependent and strongly influenced by ionic strength with further evidence of cationic amine-phosphate backbone coordination arising from thermal melting analysis and circular dichroism spectroscopy, with compaction also witnessed on synthetic dsDNA co-polymers poly[d(A-T)2] and poly[d(G-C)2]. On-chip microfluidic analysis of DNA condensed by C3-agents provided concentration-dependent protection (inhibition) to site-selective excision by type II restriction enzymes: BamHI, HindIII, SalI and EcoRI, but not to the endonuclease DNase I. PMID:27899572

  11. Proton-detected 3D {sup 1}H/{sup 13}C/{sup 1}H correlation experiment for structural analysis in rigid solids under ultrafast-MAS above 60 kHz

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Zhang, Rongchun; Ramamoorthy, Ayyalusamy, E-mail: ramamoor@umich.edu; Nishiyama, Yusuke

    2015-10-28

    A proton-detected 3D {sup 1}H/{sup 13}C/{sup 1}H chemical shift correlation experiment is proposed for the assignment of chemical shift resonances, identification of {sup 13}C-{sup 1}H connectivities, and proximities of {sup 13}C-{sup 1}H and {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H nuclei under ultrafast magic-angle-spinning (ultrafast-MAS) conditions. Ultrafast-MAS is used to suppress all anisotropic interactions including {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H dipolar couplings, while the finite-pulse radio frequency driven dipolar recoupling (fp-RFDR) pulse sequence is used to recouple dipolar couplings among protons and the insensitive nuclei enhanced by polarization transfer technique is used to transfer magnetization between heteronuclear spins. The 3D experiment eliminates signals from non-carbon-bonded protonsmore » and non-proton-bonded carbons to enhance spectral resolution. The 2D (F1/F3) {sup 1}H/{sup 1}H and 2D {sup 13}C/{sup 1}H (F2/F3) chemical shift correlation spectra extracted from the 3D spectrum enable the identification of {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H proximity and {sup 13}C-{sup 1}H connectivity. In addition, the 2D (F1/F2) {sup 1}H/{sup 13}C chemical shift correlation spectrum, incorporated with proton magnetization exchange via the fp-RFDR recoupling of {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H dipolar couplings, enables the measurement of proximities between {sup 13}C and even the remote non-carbon-bonded protons. The 3D experiment also gives three-spin proximities of {sup 1}H-{sup 1}H-{sup 13}C chains. Experimental results obtained from powder samples of L-alanine and L-histidine ⋅ H{sub 2}O ⋅ HCl demonstrate the efficiency of the 3D experiment.« less

  12. [The therapeutic effect of HSV1-hGM-CSF combined with doxorubicin on the mouse breast cancer model].

    PubMed

    Zhuang, X F; Zhang, S R; Liu, B L; Wu, J L; Li, X Q; Gu, H G; Shu, Y

    2018-03-23

    Objective: To evaluate the oncolytic effect of herpes simplex virus type 1 which carried recombined human granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (HSV1-hGM-CSF) on the mouse breast cancer cell line 4T1 and compare the anticancer effects of HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin alone or combination on the breast cancer in mice. Methods: We investigated the cytotoxic effect on 4T1 cells in vitro, the cell growth, cell apoptosis and cell cycle of 4T1 cells treated with oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF at different MOIs (0, 0.5, 1 and 2) and doxorubicin at different concentrations (0, 2, 4 and 8 μg/ml). The effects of oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF and doxorubicin on the tumor growth, survival time and their side effects on the mouse breast cancer model were observed. Results: Both oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF and doxorubicin significantly inhibited the proliferation of 4T1 cells in vitro . Doxorubicin induced the G(2)/M phase arrest of 4T1 cells, while the cytotoxicity of oncolytic HSV1-hGM-CSF was no cell cycle-dependent.At day 16 after treatment with doxorubicin and HSV1-hGM-CSF, the tumor volume of 4T1 tumor bearing mice were (144.40±27.68)mm(3,) (216.80±57.18)mm(3,) (246.10±21.90)mm(3,) (327.50±44.24)mm(3,) (213.30±32.31)mm(3) and (495.80±75.87)mm(3) in the groups of doxorubicin combined with high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin combined with low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF, doxorubicin alone, high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone, low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone and control, respectively.Compared with the control group, both doxorubicin and HSV1-hGM-CSF treatment exhibited significant reduction of primary tumor volume in vivo ( P <0.001). The median survival times were 48, 50, 40, 42, 43 and 37 days in the six groups mentioned above, respectively. The median survival period of doxorubicin alone, high dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone and low dose HSV1-hGM-CSF alone were significantly longer than that of control ( P <0.05). Conclusion: Synergistic effect of sequential treatment with doxorubicin and oncolytic HSV1-h

  13. Allosterism in human complement component 5a ((h)C5a): a damper of C5a receptor (C5aR) signaling.

    PubMed

    Rana, Soumendra; Sahoo, Amita Rani; Majhi, Bharat Kumar

    2016-06-01

    The phenomena of allosterism continues to advance the field of drug discovery, by illuminating gainful insights for many key processes, related to the structure-function relationships in proteins and enzymes, including the transmembrane G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs), both in normal as well as in the disease states. However, allosterism is completely unexplored in the native protein ligands, especially when a small covalent change significantly modulates the pharmacology of the protein ligands toward the signaling axes of the GPCRs. One such example is the human C5a ((h)C5a), the potent cationic anaphylatoxin that engages C5aR and C5L2 to elicit numerous immunological and non-immunological responses in humans. From the recently available structure-function data, it is clear that unlike the mouse C5a ((m)C5a), the (h)C5a displays conformational heterogeneity. However, the molecular basis of such conformational heterogeneity, otherwise allosterism in (h)C5a and its precise contribution toward the overall C5aR signaling is not known. This study attempts to decipher the functional role of allosterism in (h)C5a, by exploring the inherent conformational dynamics in (m)C5a, (h)C5a and in its point mutants, including the proteolytic mutant des-Arg(74)-(h)C5a. Prima facie, the comparative molecular dynamics study, over total 500 ns, identifies Arg(74)-Tyr(23) and Arg(37)-Phe(51) "cation-π" pairs as the molecular "allosteric switches" on (h)C5a that potentially functions as a damper of C5aR signaling.

  14. Long Non-Coding RNA H19 Protects H9c2 Cells against Hypoxia-Induced Injury by Targeting MicroRNA-139.

    PubMed

    Gong, Li-Cheng; Xu, Hai-Ming; Guo, Gong-Liang; Zhang, Tao; Shi, Jing-Wei; Chang, Chang

    2017-01-01

    Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) occurs when blood supply to the heart is diminished (ischemia) for long time; ischemia is primarily caused due to hypoxia. The present study evaluated the effects of long non-coding RNA H19 on hypoxic rat H9c2 cells and mouse HL-1 cells. Hypoxic injury was confirmed by measuring cell viability, migration and invasion, and apoptosis using MTT, Transwell and flow cytometry assays, respectively. H19 expression after hypoxia was estimated by qRT-PCR. We then measured the effects of non-physiologically expressed H19, knockdown of miR-139 with or without H19 silence, and abnormally expressed Sox8 on hypoxia-induced H9c2 cells. Moreover, the interacted miRNA for H19 and downstream target gene were virtually screened and verified. The involved signaling pathways and the effects of abnormally expressed H19 on contractility of HL-1 cells were explored via Western blot analysis. Hypoxia induced decreases of cell viability, migration and invasion, increase of cell apoptosis and up-regulation of H19. Knockdown of H19 increased hypoxia-induced injury in H9c2 cells. H19 acted as a sponge for miR-139 and H19 knockdown aggravated hypoxia-induced injury by up-regulating miR-139. Sox8 was identified as a target of miR-139, and its expression was negatively regulated by miR-139. The mechanistic studies revealed that overexpression of Sox8 might decrease hypoxia-induced cell injury by activating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and MAPK. Besides, H19 promoted contractility of HL-1 cells. These findings suggest that H19 alleviates hypoxia-induced myocardial cell injury by miR-139-mediated up-regulation of Sox8, along with activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway and MAPK. © 2017 The Author(s). Published by S. Karger AG, Basel.

  15. Influence of time, temperature and coagulation on the measurement of C3, C3 split products and C4.

    PubMed

    Sinosich, M J; Teisner, B; Brandslund, I; Fisher, M; Grudzinskas, J G

    1982-11-26

    Quantitative and qualitative immunoelectrophoretic analyses of circulating C3, C3 split products and C4 were performed in matched EDTA plasma and serum obtained from 5 normal subjects and stored for up to 48 h at room temperature (18 degrees C-22 degrees C) and 4 degrees C. Fluctuations in apparent levels of C3 were greater in serum than plasma stored at room temperature, a fall in levels seen by 24 h being followed by a significant increase. By contrast, levels of C3 did not alter if stored at 4 degrees C. C4 levels in both EDTA plasma and serum remained unchanged for 24 h, a slight decrease being seen at 48 h. Levels of C4 remained constant if samples were stored at 4 degrees C. Crossed immunoelectrophoresis revealed a significant progressive decrease in C3 levels and a simultaneous increase in C3c occurring after 4 h in serum and 8 h in EDTA plasma, stored at room temperature. In studies conducted at 4 degrees C, similar but delayed fluctuations were seen. A progressive and significant increase in C3d levels was seen in both plasma and serum samples stored at room temperature, levels rising to 276% (plasma) and 308% (serum) of levels seen at zero time. At 4 degrees C marginal increases in C3d levels only were observed. These results suggest that in vitro degradation of C3 and C4 are readily facilitated by temperature, time and coagulation, and that conditions of collection and storage of samples must be optimized for the accurate definition of activation of the complement cascade.

  16. Circadian and longitudinal variation of serum C-telopeptide, osteocalcin, and skeletal alkaline phosphatase in C3H/HeJ mice.

    PubMed

    Srivastava, A K; Bhattacharyya, S; Li, X; Mohan, S; Baylink, D J

    2001-10-01

    Inbred strains of mice are increasingly being used as an animal model to investigate skeletal disorders relevant to humans. In the bone field, one of the most convenient endpoints for evaluating genetic, physiological, or pharmaceutical perturbations is the use of biochemical markers. To apply biochemical markers in an effective manner, it is of key importance to establish the biological variation and appropriate sampling time. In this study, we evaluate two components: (i) circadian changes, and (ii) longitudinal variation for three serum markers, osteocalcin, C-telopeptide, and skeletal alkaline phosphatase (sALP), using 6-week-old C3H/HeJ (C3H) mice. To study circadian rhythms, the mice were randomly divided into eight groups of 15 mice each. Blood was collected at 3 h intervals, starting at 9:00 A.M. and continuing until 6:00 A.M. the next day. To determine whether circadian rhythm is intrinsically regulated or influenced by restricted food intake, it was also studied after a 12 h fasting period. Serum osteocalcin and C-telopeptide levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunoassay (ELISA) and skeletal alkaline phosphatase by a kinetic assay. The results demonstrated significant circadian variations in osteocalcin and C-telopeptide levels with a peak value between 0900 and 1200 h during daytime and a nadir between 15:00 and 18:00 h. The peak levels of C-telopeptide and osteocalcin were 26%-66% higher as compared with 24 h mean values. The pattern of the circadian variation of C-telopeptide and osteocalcin was similar in female and male animals and was not significantly affected by restricted food intake. The sALP levels were only marginally affected by the circadian rhythm. Longitudinal variations, expressed as coefficient of variation (CV), for osteocalcin, C-telopeptide, and sALP concentrations were 17%, 14%, and 16%, respectively. In addition, the longitudinal variations were not significantly influenced by the time of blood collection in sALP and osteocalcin

  17. Identification of a novel box C/D snoRNA from mouse nucleolar cDNA library.

    PubMed

    Zhou, Hui; Zhao, Jin; Yu, Chuan-He; Luo, Qing-Jun; Chen, Yue-Qin; Xiao, Yu; Qu, Liang-Hu

    2004-02-18

    By construction and screen of mouse nucleolar cDNA library, a novel mammalian small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNA) was identified. The novel snoRNA, 70 nt in length, displays structural features typical of C/D box snoRNA family. The snoRNA possesses an 11-nt-long rRNA antisense element and is predicted to guide the 2'-O-methylation of mouse 28S rRNA at G4043, a site unknown so far to be modified in vertebrates. The comparison of functional element of snoRNA guides among eukaryotes reveals that the novel snoRNA is a mammalian counterpart of yeast snR38 despite highly divergent sequence between them. Mouse and human snR38 and other cognates in distant vertebrates were positively detected with slight length variability. As expected, the rRNA ribose-methylation site predicted by mouse snR38 was precisely mapped by specific-primer extension assay. Furthermore, our analyses show that mouse and human snR38 gene have multiple variants and are nested in the introns of different host genes with unknown function. Thus, snR38 is a phylogenetically conserved methylation guide but exhibits different genomic organization in eukaryotes.

  18. [Fibrosarcoma of the nasal surface in a cat--cosmetically pleasing healing after surgical removal].

    PubMed

    Neumann, W; Wittker, J; Bahnemann, R

    1990-06-01

    In a seven year old male domestic cat diagnosis, therapy and healing of a nasal fibrosarcoma is described. After two surgical treatments no recurrence was seen in a time period of 10 months. Even with this unfavourable localization of the tumor a functionally and cosmetically satisfactory result was achieved.

  19. Fibrosarcoma in the distal radius and carpus of a four-year-old Persian.

    PubMed

    Cook, J L; Turk, J R; Tomlinson, J L; Corwin, L A; Shaw, D C

    1998-01-01

    A four-year-old Persian was presented for evaluation of a nonweight-bearing, left forelimb lameness. Radioulnar and pancarpal osteolysis with minimal periosteal reaction were seen on radiographs of the antebrachium. Cytological examinations of fine-needle aspirates and impression smears were suggestive of sarcoma. After forequarter amputation, histopathological examination provided a diagnosis of fibrosarcoma with axillary lymph-node metastasis.

  20. An Acvr1 R206H knock-in mouse has fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva

    PubMed Central

    Chakkalakal, Salin A.; Zhang, Deyu; Culbert, Andria L.; Convente, Michael R.; Caron, Robert J.; Wright, Alexander C.; Maidment, Andrew D.A.; Kaplan, Frederick S.; Shore, Eileen M.

    2013-01-01

    Fibrodysplasia ossificans progressiva (FOP; MIM #135100) is a debilitating genetic disorder of dysregulated cellular differentiation characterized by malformation of the great toes during embryonic skeletal development and by progressive heterotopic endochondral ossification post-natally. Patients with these classic clinical features of FOP have the identical heterozygous single nucleotide substitution (c.617G>A; R206H) in the gene encoding ACVR1/ALK2, a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) type I receptor. Gene targeting was used to develop a knock-in mouse model for FOP (Acvr1R206H/+). Radiographic analysis of Acvr1R206H/+ chimeric mice revealed that this mutation induced malformed first digits in the hind limbs and post-natal extra-skeletal bone formation, recapitulating the human disease. Histological analysis of murine lesions showed inflammatory infiltration and apoptosis of skeletal muscle followed by robust formation of heterotopic bone through an endochondral pathway, identical to that seen in patients. Progenitor cells of a Tie2+ lineage participated in each stage of endochondral osteogenesis. We further determined that both wild-type and mutant cells are present within the ectopic bone tissue, an unexpected finding that indicates that although the mutation is necessary to induce the bone formation process, the mutation is not required for progenitor cell contribution to bone and cartilage. This unique knock-in mouse model provides novel insight into the genetic regulation of heterotopic ossification and establishes the first direct in vivo evidence that the R206H mutation in ACVR1 causes FOP. PMID:22508565

  1. C 3-symmetric opioid scaffolds are pH-responsive DNA condensation agents.

    PubMed

    McStay, Natasha; Molphy, Zara; Coughlan, Alan; Cafolla, Attilio; McKee, Vickie; Gathergood, Nicholas; Kellett, Andrew

    2017-01-25

    Herein we report the synthesis of tripodal C 3 -symmetric opioid scaffolds as high-affinity condensation agents of duplex DNA. Condensation was achieved on both supercoiled and canonical B-DNA structures and identified by agarose electrophoresis, viscosity, turbidity and atomic force microscopy (AFM) measurements. Structurally, the requirement of a tris-opioid scaffold for condensation is demonstrated as both di- (C 2 -symmetric) and mono-substituted (C 1 -symmetric) mesitylene-linked opioid derivatives poorly coordinate dsDNA. Condensation, observed by toroidal and globule AFM aggregation, arises from surface-binding ionic interactions between protonated, cationic, tertiary amine groups on the opioid skeleton and the phosphate nucleic acid backbone. Indeed, by converting the 6-hydroxyl group of C 3 -morphine ( MC3: ) to methoxy substituents in C 3 -heterocodeine ( HC3: ) and C 3 -oripavine ( OC3: ) molecules, dsDNA compaction is retained thus negating the possibility of phosphate-hydroxyl surface-binding. Tripodal opioid condensation was identified as pH dependent and strongly influenced by ionic strength with further evidence of cationic amine-phosphate backbone coordination arising from thermal melting analysis and circular dichroism spectroscopy, with compaction also witnessed on synthetic dsDNA co-polymers poly[d(A-T) 2 ] and poly[d(G-C) 2 ]. On-chip microfluidic analysis of DNA condensed by C 3 -agents provided concentration-dependent protection (inhibition) to site-selective excision by type II restriction enzymes: BamHI, HindIII, SalI and EcoRI, but not to the endonuclease DNase I. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of Nucleic Acids Research.

  2. Identification of pH-sensitive regions in the mouse prion by the cysteine-scanning spin-labeling ESR technique

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Watanabe, Yasuko; Inanami, Osamu; Horiuchi, Motohiro

    2006-11-24

    We analyzed the pH-induced mobility changes in moPrP{sup C} {alpha}-helix and {beta}-sheets by cysteine-scanning site-directed spin labeling (SDSL) with ESR. Nine amino acid residues of {alpha}-helix1 (H1, codon 143-151), four amino acid residues of {beta}-sheet1 (S1, codon 127-130), and four amino acid residues of {beta}-sheet2 (S2, codon 160-163) were substituted for by cysteine residues. These recombinant mouse PrP{sup C} (moPrP{sup C}) mutants were reacted with a methane thiosulfonate sulfhydryl-specific spin labeling reagent (MTSSL). The 1/{delta}H of the central ({sup 14}N hyperfine) component (M{sub I} = 0) in the ESR spectrum of spin-labeled moPrP{sup C} was measured as a mobility parametermore » of nitroxide residues (R1). The mobilities of E145R1 and Y149R1 at pH 7.4, which was identified as a tertiary contact site by a previous NMR study of moPrP, were lower than those of D143R1, R147R1, and R150R1 reported on the helix surface. Thus, the mobility in the H1 region in the neutral solution was observed with the periodicity associated with a helical structure. On the other hand, the values in the S2 region, known to be located in the buried side, were lower than those in the S1 region located in the surface side. These results indicated that the mobility parameter of the nitroxide label was well correlated with the 3D structure of moPrP. Furthermore, the present study clearly demonstrated three pH-sensitive sites in moPrP, i.e. (1) the N-terminal tertiary contact site of H1 (2) the C-terminal end of H1, and (3) the S2 region. In particular, among these pH-sensitive sites, the N-terminal tertiary contact region of H1 was found to be the most pH-sensitive one and was easily converted to a flexible structure by a slight decrease of pH in the solution. These data provided molecular evidence to explain the cellular mechanism for conversion from PrP{sup C} to PrP{sup Sc} in acidic organelles such as the endosome.« less

  3. Primary fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a cat: follow-up after incomplete surgical excision.

    PubMed

    Greci, Valentina; Rocchi, Paola M; Sontuoso, Antonio F; Olivero, Daniela; Capasso, Angelo; Raiano, Vera

    2017-01-01

    An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with haematuria of 2 months' duration followed by pollakiuria and stranguria. A firm, non-painful mass in the urinary bladder was palpated. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound were suggestive of a urinary neoplasia. During explorative laparotomy, a partial cystectomy and surgical debulking were performed. Histopathology and immunostaining were consistent with a fibrosarcoma. The cat was discharged 10 days after surgery with a residual mass of about 1.8 cm on ultrasound re-examination. The cat was not given adjuvant therapy. The cat was euthanased 8 months after surgery because of tumour invasion of the urinary trigone and subsequent ureter dilation, hydronephrosis and severe azotaemia. Malignant urinary fibrosarcoma in this cat appeared to be only locally invasive. Palliative surgery without adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy in this cat resulted in an 8 month period of good quality of life.

  4. Versatile Alkylation of (Hetero)Aryl Iodides with Ketones via β-C(sp3)-H Activation.

    PubMed

    Zhu, Ru-Yi; Liu, Luo-Yan; Park, Han Seul; Hong, Kai; Wu, Yongwei; Senanayake, Chris H; Yu, Jin-Quan

    2017-11-15

    We report Pd(II)-catalyzed β-C(sp 3 )-H (hetero)arylation of a variety of ketones using a commercially available 2,2-dimethyl aminooxyacetic acid auxiliary. Facile installation and removal of the auxiliary as well as its superior scope for both ketones and (hetero)aryl iodides overcome the significant limitations of the previously reported β-C(sp 3 )-H arylation of ketones. The ready availability of ketones renders this reaction a broadly useful method for alkyl-(hetero)aryl coupling involving both primary and secondary alkyls.

  5. Rhenium-catalysed dehydrogenative borylation of primary and secondary C(sp3)-H bonds adjacent to a nitrogen atom.

    PubMed

    Murai, Masahito; Omura, Tetsuya; Kuninobu, Yoichiro; Takai, Kazuhiko

    2015-03-18

    Rhenium-catalysed C(sp(3))-H bond borylation in the absence of any oxidant, hydrogen acceptor, or external ligand, with the generation of H2 as the sole byproduct is described. The transformation, which represents a rare example of rhenium-catalysed C(sp(3))-H bond functionalisation, features high atom efficiency and simple reaction conditions.

  6. New Line Lists for planetological applications: HC3N and C4H2

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Jolly, A.; Benilan, Y.; Fayt, A.

    2009-04-01

    The Composite Infrared Spectrometer (CIRS) on-board Cassini, after four years of operation in Saturnian orbit with over thirty close fly-bys of Titan, has obtained spectra in the far and mid-infrared with a spectral resolution of 0.5 cm-1. Mismatch between observed spectra and model spectra obtained from the available line lists has led us to study the bending bands of HC3N and C4H2, the longest carbon chains observed on Titan. Our experimental study for HC3N (Jolly et al. 2007, J.Mol.Spec) has shown that band intensities had to be revised and that including hot bands with lower level as high as 1300 cm-1 was necessary to model our experimental spectra at 0.5 cm-1 resolution. A new extended line list could be obtained by fitting high resolution data with the help of a global analysis. This line list was made available to the astronomers of the CIRS team and will be included in the next version of the GEISA data base. Thanks to the precision of the new spectroscopic data, 13C isotopologues of HC3N have been detected and quantified for the first time in the atmosphere of Titan (Jennings et al. 2008, ApJL). Search for the 15N isotopologues of HC3N will also be presented. The proportion of hot bands is even more important for C4H2 than for HC3N and a new extended line list was absolutely necessary to improve the CIRS spectral analysis. We will present a new line list and show comparison between synthetic spectra and experimental spectra of C4H2 obtained between 193 and 296 K at 0.1 and 0.5 cm-1 resolution. Comparison of model spectra to CIRS observations of C4H2 at 220 and 630 cm-1 will also be presented. Detections of hot bands and isotopes in cold environments such as Titan will be emphasized.

  7. Nano-Scaled Particles of Titanium Dioxide Convert Benign Mouse Fibrosarcoma Cells into Aggressive Tumor Cells

    PubMed Central

    Onuma, Kunishige; Sato, Yu; Ogawara, Satomi; Shirasawa, Nobuyuki; Kobayashi, Masanobu; Yoshitake, Jun; Yoshimura, Tetsuhiko; Iigo, Masaaki; Fujii, Junichi; Okada, Futoshi

    2009-01-01

    Nanoparticles are prevalent in both commercial and medicinal products; however, the contribution of nanomaterials to carcinogenesis remains unclear. We therefore examined the effects of nano-sized titanium dioxide (TiO2) on poorly tumorigenic and nonmetastatic QR-32 fibrosarcoma cells. We found that mice that were cotransplanted subcutaneously with QR-32 cells and nano-sized TiO2, either uncoated (TiO2−1, hydrophilic) or coated with stearic acid (TiO2−2, hydrophobic), did not form tumors. However, QR-32 cells became tumorigenic after injection into sites previously implanted with TiO2−1, but not TiO2−2, and these developing tumors acquired metastatic phenotypes. No differences were observed either histologically or in inflammatory cytokine mRNA expression between TiO2−1 and TiO2−2 treatments. However, TiO2−2, but not TiO2−1, generated high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cell-free conditions. Although both TiO2−1 and TiO2−2 resulted in intracellular ROS formation, TiO2−2 elicited a stronger response, resulting in cytotoxicity to the QR-32 cells. Moreover, TiO2−2, but not TiO2−1, led to the development of nuclear interstices and multinucleate cells. Cells that survived the TiO2 toxicity acquired a tumorigenic phenotype. TiO2-induced ROS formation and its related cell injury were inhibited by the addition of antioxidant N-acetyl-l-cysteine. These results indicate that nano-sized TiO2 has the potential to convert benign tumor cells into malignant ones through the generation of ROS in the target cells. PMID:19815711

  8. Theoretical study of structure, bonding, and electronic behavior of novel sandwich complexes Os3(C6H6) n ( n = 1, 2)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zhou, K.; Zhao, C. B.; Huang, W. D.

    2017-11-01

    The correlations between structural and electronic properties of the monolayer cluster Os3 and sandwich complexes of Os3(C6H6) n ( n = 1, 2) were studied with density functional theory. Every Os adopts η2 fashion to coordinate with C6H6 in Os3(C6H6), while every Os adopts η2 and η1 fashion to coordinate with below and above C6H6 rings in Os3(C6H6)2. η2 fashion is σ donation and π back bond, and η1 fashion belong to σ bond. The first binding energy between Os3 and below C6H6 ring is-114.23 kJ/mol, which is weaker than the second binding energy with-174.16 kJ/mol between Os3(C6H6) and above C6H6 ring. The reason is that the change of spin multiplicity is different, which leads the symmetry of Os3(C6H6)2 to be broken.

  9. Retrotransposed genes such as Frat3 in the mouse Chromosome 7C Prader-Willi syndrome region acquire the imprinted status of their insertion site.

    PubMed

    Chai, J H; Locke, D P; Ohta, T; Greally, J M; Nicholls, R D

    2001-11-01

    Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS) results from loss of function of a 1.0- to 1.5-Mb domain of imprinted, paternally expressed genes in human Chromosome (Chr) 15q11-q13. The loss of imprinted gene expression in the homologous region in mouse Chr 7C leads to a similar neonatal PWS phenotype. Several protein-coding genes in the human PWS region are intronless, possibly arising by retrotransposition. Here we present evidence for continued acquisition of genes by the mouse PWS region during evolution. Bioinformatic analyses identified a BAC containing four genes, Mkrn3, Magel2, Ndn, Frat3, and the Atp5l-ps1 pseudogene, the latter two genes derived from recent L1-mediated retrotransposition. Analyses of eight overlapping BACs indicate that these genes are clustered within 120 kb in two inbred strains, in the order tel-Atp5l-ps1-Frat3-Mkrn3-Magel2-Ndn-cen. Imprinting analyses show that Frat3 is differentially methylated and expressed solely from the paternal allele in a transgenic mouse model of Angelman syndrome, with no expression from the maternal allele in a mouse model of PWS. Loss of Frat3 expression may, therefore, contribute to the phenotype of mouse models of PWS. The identification of five intronless genes in a small genomic interval suggests that this region is prone to retroposition in germ cells or their zygotic and embryonic cell precursors, and that it allows the subsequent functional expression of these foreign sequences. The recent evolutionary acquisition of genes that adopt the same imprint as older, flanking genes indicates that the newly acquired genes become 'innocent bystanders' of a primary epigenetic signal causing imprinting in the PWS domain.

  10. Branching fractions of the CN + C3H6 reaction using synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry: evidence for the 3-cyanopropene product.

    PubMed

    Trevitt, Adam J; Soorkia, Satchin; Savee, John D; Selby, Talitha S; Osborn, David L; Taatjes, Craig A; Leone, Stephen R

    2011-11-24

    The gas-phase CN + propene reaction is investigated using synchrotron photoionization mass spectrometry (SPIMS) over the 9.8-11.5 eV photon energy range. Experiments are conducted at room temperature in 4 Torr of He buffer gas. The CN + propene addition reaction produces two distinct product mass channels, C(3)H(3)N and C(4)H(5)N, corresponding to CH(3) and H elimination, respectively. The CH(3) and H elimination channels are measured to have branching fractions of 0.59 ± 0.15 and 0.41 ± 0.10, respectively. The absolute photoionization cross sections between 9.8 and 11.5 eV are measured for the three considered H-elimination coproducts: 1-, 2-, and 3-cyanopropene. Based on fits using the experimentally measured photoionization spectra for the C(4)H(5)N mass channel and contrary to the previous study (Int. J. Mass. Spectrom.2009, 280, 113-118), where it was concluded that 3-cyanopropene was not a significant product, the new data suggests 3-cyanopropene is produced in significant quantity along with 1-cyanopropene, with isomer branching fractions from this mass channel of 0.50 ± 0.12 and 0.50 ± 0.24, respectively. However, similarities between the 1-, 2-, and 3-cyanopropene photoionization spectra make an unequivocal assignment difficult based solely on photoionization spectra. The CN + CH(2)CHCD(3) reaction is studied and shows, in addition to the H-elimination product signal, a D-elimination product channel (m/z 69, consistent with CH(2)CHCD(2)CN), providing further evidence for the formation of the 3-cyanopropene reaction product.

  11. Experimental ion mobility measurements in Xe-C2H6

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Perdigoto, J. M. C.; Cortez, A. F. V.; Veenhof, R.; Neves, P. N. B.; Santos, F. P.; Borges, F. I. G. M.; Conde, C. A. N.

    2017-10-01

    In this paper we present the results of the ion mobility measurements made in gaseous mixtures of xenon (Xe) with ethane (C2H6) for pressures ranging from 6 to 10 Torr (8-10.6 mbar) and for low reduced electric fields in the 10 Td to 25 Td range (2.4-6.1 kVṡcm-1ṡ bar-1), at room temperature. The time of arrival spectra revealed two peaks throughout the entire range studied which were attributed to ion species with 3-carbons (C3H5+, C3H6+ C3H8+ and C3H9+) and with 4-carbons (C4H7+, C4H9+ and C4H10+). Besides these, and for Xe concentrations above 70%, a bump starts to appear at the right side of the main peak for reduced electric fields higher than 20 Td, which was attributed to the resonant charge transfer of C2H6+ to C2H6 that affects the mobility of its ion products (C3H8+ and C3H9+). The time of arrival spectra for Xe concentrations of 20%, 50%, 70% and 90% are presented, together with the reduced mobilities as a function of the Xe concentration calculated from the peaks observed for the low reduced electric fields and pressures studied.

  12. Uptake of (/sup 3/H)serotonin into plasma membrane vesicles from mouse cerebral cortex

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    O'Reilly, C.A.; Reith, M.E.A.

    1988-05-05

    Preparations of plasma membrane vesicles were used as a tool to study the properties of the serotonin transporter in the central nervous system. The vesicles were obtained after hypotonic shock of synaptosomes purified from mouse cerebral cortex. Uptake of (/sup 3/H)serotonin had a Na/sup +/-dependent and Na/sup +/-independent component. The Na/sup +/-dependent uptake was inhibited by classical blockers of serotonin uptake and had a K/sub m/ of 63-180 nM, and a V/sub max/ of 0.1-0.3 pmol mg/sup -1/ s/sup -1/ at 77 mM Na/sup +/. The uptake required the presence of external Na/sup +/ and internal K/sup +/. Replacement ofmore » Cl/sup -/ by other anions (NO/sub 2//sup -/, S/sub 2/O/sub 3//sup 2 -/) reduced uptake appreciably. Gramicidin prevented uptake. Although valinomycin increased uptake somewhat, the membrane potential per se could not drive uptake because no uptake was observed when a membrane potential was generated by the SCN/sup -/ ion in the absence of internal K/sup +/ and with equal (Na/sup +/) inside and outside. The increase of uptake as a function of (Na/sup +/) indicated a K/sub m/ for Na/sup +/ of 118 mM and a Hill number of 2.0, suggesting a requirement of two sodium ions for serotonin transport. The present results are accommodated very well by the model developed for porcine platelet serotonin transport except for the number of sodium ions that are required for transport.« less

  13. Effects of heavy ion to the primary culture of mouse brain cells

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Nojima, Kumie; Nakadai, Taeko; Kohno, Yukio; Vazquez, Marcelo E.; Yasuda, Nakahiro; Nagaoka, Shunji

    2004-01-01

    To investigate effects of low dose heavy particle radiation to CNS system, we adopted mouse neonatal brain cells in culture being exposed to heavy ions by HIMAC at NIRS and NSRL at BNL. The applied dose varied from 0.05 Gy up to 2.0 Gy. The subsequent biological effects were evaluated by an induction of apoptosis and neuron survival focusing on the dependencies of the animal strains, SCID, B6, B6C3F1, C3H, used for brain cell culture, SCID was the most sensitive and C3H the least sensitive to particle radiation as evaluated by 10% apoptotic criterion. The LET dependency was compared with using SCID and B6 cells exposing to different ions (H, C, Ne, Si, Ar, and Fe). Although no detectable LET dependency was observed in the high LET (55-200 keV/micrometers) and low dose (<0.5 Gy) regions. The survivability profiles of the neurons were different in the mouse strains and ions. In this report, a result of memory and learning function to adult mice after whole-body and brain local irradiation at carbon ion and iron ion.

  14. Estrogenic compounds inhibit gap junctional intercellular communication in mouse Leydig TM3 cells

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Iwase, Yumiko; Fukata, Hideki; Mori, Chisato

    2006-05-01

    Some estrogenic compounds are reported to cause testicular disorders in humans and/or experimental animals by direct action on Leydig cells. In carcinogenesis and normal development, gap junctional intercellular communication (GJIC) plays an essential role in maintaining homeostasis. In this study, we examine the effects of diethylstilbestrol (DES, a synthetic estrogen), 17{beta}-estradiol (E{sub 2}, a natural estrogen), and genistein (GEN, a phytoestrogen) on GJIC between mouse Leydig TM3 cells using Lucifer yellow microinjection. The three compounds tested produced GJIC inhibition in the TM3 cells after 24 h. Gradually, 10 {mu}M DES began to inhibit GJIC for 24 h and this effectmore » was observed until 72 h. On the other hand, both 20 {mu}M E{sub 2} and 25 {mu}M GEN rapidly inhibited GJIC in 6 h and 2 h, respectively. The effects continued until 24 h, but weakened by 72 h. Furthermore, a combined effect at {mu}M level between DES and E{sub 2} on GJIC inhibition was observed, but not between GEN and E{sub 2}. DES and E{sub 2} showed GJIC inhibition at low dose levels (nearly physiological estrogen levels) after 72 h, but GEN did not. DES-induced GJIC inhibition at 10 pM and 10 {mu}M was completely counteracted by ICI 182,780 (ICl), an estrogen receptor antagonist. On the other hand, the inhibitory effects on GJIC with E{sub 2} (10 pM and 20 {mu}M) and GEN (25 {mu}M) were partially blocked by ICI or calphostin C, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, and were completely blocked by the combination of ICI and calphostin C. These results demonstrate that DES inhibits GJIC between Leydig cells via the estrogen receptor (ER), and that E{sub 2} and GEN inhibit GJIC via ER and PKC. These estrogenic compounds may have different individual nongenotoxic mechanism including PKC pathway on testicular carcinogenesis or development.« less

  15. Inhibition of the development of metastases by dietary vitamin C:K3 combination.

    PubMed

    Taper, Henryk S; Jamison, James M; Gilloteaux, Jacques; Summers, Jack L; Calderon, Pedro Buc

    2004-07-09

    The tumor growth-inhibiting and chemo-potentiating effects of vitamin C and K(3)combinations have been demonstrated both in vitro and in vivo. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of orally administered vitamin C and K(3) on the metastasis of mouse liver tumor (T.L.T.) cells implanted in C3H mice. Adult male C3H mice were given water containing vitamin C and K3 (15 g/0.15 g dissolved in 1000 ml) beginning 2 weeks before tumor transplantation until the end of the experiment. T.L.T. cells (106) were implanted intramuscularly in the right thigh of mice. All mice were sacrificed 42 days after tumor transplantation. Primary tumor, lungs, lymph nodes and other organs or tissues suspected of harboring metastases were macroscopically examined. Samples of primary tumors, their local lymph nodes, lungs and main organs such as liver, kidneys, spleen were taken for histological examination. Forty-two percent of control mice exhibited lung metastases and 27% possessed metastases in local lymph nodes whereas 24% of vitamin-treated mice exhibited lung metastases and 10% possessed local lymph nodes metastases. The total number of lung metastases was 19 in control group and 10 in vitamin C and K(3)-treated mice. Histopathological examination of the metastatic tumors from the vitamin-treated mice revealed the presence of many tumor cells undergoing autoschizic cell death. These results demonstrate that oral vitamin C and K(3) significantly inhibited the metastases of T.L.T. tumors in C3H mice. At least a portion of this inhibition was due to tumor cell death by autoschizis.

  16. Vitamin C mediates chemical aging of lens crystallins by the Maillard reaction in a humanized mouse model

    PubMed Central

    Fan, Xingjun; Reneker, Lixing W.; Obrenovich, Mark E.; Strauch, Christopher; Cheng, Rongzhu; Jarvis, Simon M.; Ortwerth, Beryl J.; Monnier, Vincent M.

    2006-01-01

    Senile cataracts are associated with progressive oxidation, fragmentation, cross-linking, insolubilization, and yellow pigmentation of lens crystallins. We hypothesized that the Maillard reaction, which leads browning and aroma development during the baking of foods, would occur between the lens proteins and the highly reactive oxidation products of vitamin C. To test this hypothesis, we engineered a mouse that selectively overexpresses the human vitamin C transporter SVCT2 in the lens. Consequently, lenticular levels of vitamin C and its oxidation products were 5- to 15-fold elevated, resulting in a highly compressed aging process and accelerated formation of several protein-bound advanced Maillard reaction products identical with those of aging human lens proteins. These data strongly implicate vitamin C in lens crystallin aging and may serve as a model for protein aging in other tissues particularly rich in vitamin C, such as the hippocampal neurons and the adrenal gland. The hSVCT2 mouse is expected to facilitate the search for drugs that inhibit damage by vitamin C oxidation products. PMID:17075057

  17. The Tumor Suppressor DiRas3 Forms a Complex with H-Ras and C-RAF Proteins and Regulates Localization, Dimerization, and Kinase Activity of C-RAF*

    PubMed Central

    Baljuls, Angela; Beck, Matthias; Oenel, Ayla; Robubi, Armin; Kroschewski, Ruth; Hekman, Mirko; Rudel, Thomas; Rapp, Ulf R.

    2012-01-01

    The maternally imprinted Ras-related tumor suppressor gene DiRas3 is lost or down-regulated in more than 60% of ovarian and breast cancers. The anti-tumorigenic effect of DiRas3 is achieved through several mechanisms, including inhibition of cell proliferation, motility, and invasion, as well as induction of apoptosis and autophagy. Re-expression of DiRas3 in cancer cells interferes with the signaling through Ras/MAPK and PI3K. Despite intensive research, the mode of interference of DiRas3 with the Ras/RAF/MEK/ERK signal transduction is still a matter of speculation. In this study, we show that DiRas3 associates with the H-Ras oncogene and that activation of H-Ras enforces this interaction. Furthermore, while associated with DiRas3, H-Ras is able to bind to its effector protein C-RAF. The resulting multimeric complex consisting of DiRas3, C-RAF, and active H-Ras is more stable than the two protein complexes H-Ras·C-RAF or H-Ras·DiRas3, respectively. The consequence of this complex formation is a DiRas3-mediated recruitment and anchorage of C-RAF to components of the membrane skeleton, suppression of C-RAF/B-RAF heterodimerization, and inhibition of C-RAF kinase activity. PMID:22605333

  18. Reactions at the Metal Vertex of a Monometal Metallocarborane Cluster. The Chemistry of (closo-3,3-(PPh3)2-3-(HSO4)-3,1,2-RhC2B9H11) and (closo-3-(PPh3)-3,3-(NO3)-3,1,2RhC2B9H11).

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1982-03-09

    4) produced by dissociation of PPh 3 from (2) or through an ionic species such as [closo-3,3- (PPh 3)2 -3,1,2-RhC 289 H ] [HSO4 (4a). Secondly, the...acetylene molecule and subsequent insertion into a metal-carbon bond has been observed in the linear oligomerization of acetylere catalyzed by [Ni(CO...monoxide were obtained from Liquid Carbonic and used without further treatment. Phenylacetylene (Aldrich) was distilled under vacuum before use and n

  19. Structure-Function Analysis of STING Activation by c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] and Targeting by Antiviral DMXAA

    PubMed Central

    Gao, Pu; Ascano, Manuel; Zillinger, Thomas; Wang, Weiyi; Dai, Peihong; Serganov, Artem A.; Gaffney, Barbara L.; Shuman, Stewart; Jones, Roger A.; Deng, Liang; Hartmann, Gunther; Barchet, Winfried; Tuschl, Thomas; Patel, Dinshaw J.

    2015-01-01

    SUMMARY Binding of dsDNA by cyclic GMP-AMP (cGAMP) synthase (cGAS) triggers formation of the metazoan second messenger c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p], which binds the signaling protein STING with subsequent activation of the interferon (IFN) pathway. We show that human hSTINGH232 adopts a ‘‘closed’’ conformation upon binding c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] and its linkage isomer c[G(2′,5′)pA(2′,5′)p], as does mouse mStingR231 on binding c[G(2′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p], c[G(3′,5′)pA(3′,5′)p] and the antiviral agent DMXAA, leading to similar ‘‘closed’’ conformations. Comparing hSTING to mSting, 2′,5′-linkage-containing cGAMP isomers were more specific triggers of the IFN pathway compared to the all-3′,5′-linkage isomer. Guided by structural information, we identified a unique point mutation (S162A) placed within the cyclic-dinucleotide-binding site of hSTING that rendered it sensitive to the otherwise mouse-specific drug DMXAA, a conclusion validated by binding studies. Our structural and functional analysis highlights the unexpected versatility of STING in the recognition of natural and synthetic ligands within a small-molecule pocket created by the dimerization of STING. PMID:23910378

  20. Reactional mechanisms of the chemical vapour deposition of SiC-based ceramics from {CH3SiCl3}/{H2} gas precursor

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Loumagne, F.; Langlais, F.; Naslain, R.

    1995-10-01

    The kinetics of SiC-based ceramics deposition from CH 3SiCl 3{( MTS) }/{H2} gas precursor has been investigated over a range of reduced pressure and low temperature, where kinetics are controlled by chemical reactions. Overall kinetic laws have been determined from the measurement of the apparent activation energy and the influence of MTS, H 2, CH 4 and HCl. The kinetics of SiC deposition highly depends on both the dilution ratio α = {P H2}/{P MTS} and the total pressure. For 3 ≤ α ≤ 10 and T = 825°C, the reaction order with respect to MTS equals 2. At T = 925°C, it becomes nil in the low pressure range and 1 for P ≥ 10 kPa, whereas at 825 and 925°C, PH 2 has no influence on the growth rate. The apparent reaction orders are explained on the basis of a Langmuir-Hinshelwood model. The limiting step is evidenced as being HCl elimination by both SiCl and CH bonds breaking.

  1. THE INDUCTION OF HEPATOCELLULAR NEOPLASIA BY TRICHLOROACETIC ACID ADMINISTERED IN THE DRINKING WATER OF THE MALE B6C3F1 MOUSE

    EPA Science Inventory

    Summary What is the study? The study is a chronic bioassay (2 years) of trichloroacetic acid, a drinking water disinfection by-product, in the male B6C3F1 mouse.
    What is the impact to the field and the Agency?
    The impact of this study will derive from the use of...

  2. In contrast to conventional inactivated influenza vaccines, 4xM2e.HSP70c fusion protein fully protected mice against lethal dose of H1, H3 and H9 influenza A isolates circulating in Iran

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ebrahimi, Seyyed Mahmoud, E-mail: smebrahimi@shirazu.ac.ir; Research Center of Virus and Vaccine, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Science, P.O.Box 14155-3651, Tehran; Dabaghian, Mehran

    Ideal vaccines against influenza viruses should elicit not only a humoral response, but also a cellular response. Mycobacterium tuberculosis HSP70 (mHSP70) have been found to promote immunogenic APCs function, elicit a strong cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response, and prevent the induction of tolerance. Moreover, it showed linkage of antigens to the C-terminus of mHSP70 (mHSP70c) can represent them as vaccines resulted in more potent, protective antigen specific responses in the absence of adjuvants or complex formulations. Hence, recombinant fusion protein comprising C-terminus of mHSP70 genetically fused to four tandem repeats of the ectodomain of the conserved influenza matrix protein M2more » (M2e) was expressed in Escherichia coli, purified under denaturing condition, refolding, and then confirmed by SDS-PAGE, respectively. The recombinant fusion protein, 4xM2e.HSP70c, retained its immunogenicity and displayed the protective epitope of M2e by ELISA and FITC assays. A prime-boost administration of 4xM2e.HSP70c formulated in F105 buffer by intramuscular route in mice (Balb/C) provided full protection against lethal dose of mouse-adapted H1N1, H3N2, or H9N2 influenza A isolates from Iran compared to 0-33.34% survival rate of challenged unimmunized and immunized mice with the currently in use conventional vaccines designated as control groups. However, protection induced by immunization with 4xM2e.HSP70c failed to prevent weight loss in challenged mice; they experienced significantly lower weight loss, clinical symptoms and higher lung viral clearance in comparison with protective effects of conventional influenza vaccines in challenged mice. These data demonstrate that C-terminal domain of mHSP70 can be a superior candidate to deliver the adjuvant function in M2e-based influenza A vaccine in order to provide significant protection against multiple influenza A virus strains.« less

  3. C/EBPβ regulates delta-secretase expression and mediates pathogenesis in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease.

    PubMed

    Wang, Zhi-Hao; Gong, Ke; Liu, Xia; Zhang, Zhentao; Sun, Xiaoou; Wei, Zheng Zachory; Yu, Shan Ping; Manfredsson, Fredric P; Sandoval, Ivette M; Johnson, Peter F; Jia, Jianping; Wang, Jian-Zhi; Ye, Keqiang

    2018-05-03

    Delta-secretase cleaves both APP and Tau to mediate the formation of amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangle in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how aging contributes to an increase in delta-secretase expression and AD pathologies remains unclear. Here we show that a CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein (C/EBPβ), an inflammation-regulated transcription factor, acts as a key age-dependent effector elevating both delta-secretase (AEP) and inflammatory cytokines expression in mediating pathogenesis in AD mouse models. We find that C/EBPβ regulates delta-secretase transcription and protein levels in an age-dependent manner. Overexpression of C/EBPβ in young 3xTg mice increases delta-secretase and accelerates the pathological features including cognitive dysfunctions, which is abolished by inactive AEP C189S. Conversely, depletion of C/EBPβ from old 3xTg or 5XFAD mice diminishes delta-secretase and reduces AD pathologies, leading to amelioration of cognitive impairment in these AD mouse models. Thus, our findings support that C/EBPβ plays a pivotal role in AD pathogenesis via increasing delta-secretase expression.

  4. Cyclic AMP and alkaline pH downregulate carbonic anhydrase 2 in mouse fibroblasts.

    PubMed

    Mardones, Pablo; Chang, Jung Chin; Oude Elferink, Ronald P J

    2014-06-01

    The hydration of CO2 catalyzed by the ubiquitous carbonic anhydrase 2 (Ca2) is central for bicarbonate transport, bone metabolism and acid-base homeostasis in metazoans. There is evidence that in some tissues Ca2 expression can be acutely induced by cAMP, whereas in other cell types it is unresponsive to cAMP-mediated transcriptional activation. We isolated fibroblasts from wild type and mice lacking the ubiquitous chloride/bicarbonate exchanger (Ae2a,b(-/-) mice). In these cells the regulation of carbonic anhydrase 2 by cAMP was studied. We show that Ca2 expression is strongly inhibited by chronic incubation with dibutyryl-cAMP, forskolin or alkaline pH in cultured mouse fibroblasts. Furthermore, fibroblasts obtained from anion exchanger 2 deficient (Ae2a,b(-/-)) mice, which display intracellular alkalosis and increased cAMP production, express less than 10% of control Ca2 mRNA and protein. Surprisingly, inhibition of the bicarbonate-sensitive soluble adenylyl cyclase (sAC) was found to reduce CA2 expression instead of increasing it. CA2 expression is strongly regulated by intracellular pH and by cAMP, suggesting a role for soluble adenylyl cyclase. Regulation occurs in opposite directions which may be explained by an incoherent feedforward loop consisting of activation by pCREB and repression by ICER. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

  5. Studies of the kinetics and thermochemistry of the forward and reverse reaction Cl + C6H6 = HCl + C6H5.

    PubMed

    Alecu, I M; Gao, Yide; Hsieh, P-C; Sand, Jordan P; Ors, Ahmet; McLeod, A; Marshall, Paul

    2007-05-17

    The laser flash photolysis resonance fluorescence technique was used to monitor atomic Cl kinetics. Loss of Cl following photolysis of CCl4 and NaCl was used to determine k(Cl + C6H6) = 6.4 x 10(-12) exp(-18.1 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 578-922 K and k(Cl + C6D6) = 6.2 x 10(-12) exp(-22.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 635-922 K. Inclusion of literature data at room temperature leads to a recommendation of k(Cl + C6H6) = 6.1 x 10(-11) exp(-31.6 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) for 296-922 K. Monitoring growth of Cl during the reaction of phenyl with HCl led to k(C6H5 + HCl) = 1.14 x 10(-12) exp(+5.2 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 294-748 K, k(C6H5 + DCl) = 7.7 x 10(-13) exp(+4.9 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 292-546 K, an approximate k(C6H5 + C6H5I) = 2 x 10(-11) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 300-750 K, and an upper limit k(Cl + C6H5I) < or = 5.3 x 10(-12) exp(+2.8 kJ mol(-1)/RT) cm(3) molecule(-1) s(-1) over 300-750 K. Confidence limits are discussed in the text. Third-law analysis of the equilibrium constant yields the bond dissociation enthalpy D(298)(C6H5-H) = 472.1 +/- 2.5 kJ mol(-1) and thus the enthalpy of formation Delta(f)H(298)(C6H5) = 337.0 +/- 2.5 kJ mol(-1).

  6. Two mixed-ligand lanthanide–hydrazone complexes: [Pr(NCS)3(pbh)2]·H2O and [Nd(NCS)(NO3)(pbh)2(H2O)]NO3·2.33H2O [pbh is N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)benzo­hydrazide, C13H11N3O

    PubMed Central

    Paschalidis, Damianos G.; Harrison, William T. A.

    2016-01-01

    The gel-mediated syntheses and crystal structures of [N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene-κN)benzohydrazide-κ2 N′,O]tris(thiocyanato-κN)praseodymium(III) mono­hydrate, [Pr(NCS)3(C13H11N3O)2]·H2O, (I), and aqua(nitrato-κ2 O,O′)[N′-(pyri­din-2-ylmethylidene-κN)benzohydrazide-κ2 N′,O](thiocyanato-κN)neo­dym­ium(III) nitrate 2.33-hydrate, [Nd(NCS)(NO3)(C13H11N3O)2(H2O)]NO3·2.33H2O, (II), are reported. The Pr3+ ion in (I) is coordinated by two N,N,O-tridentate N′-(pyridin-2-ylmethylidene)benzohydrazide (pbh) ligands and three N-bonded thio­cyanate ions to generate an irregular PrN7O2 coordination polyhedron. The Nd3+ ion in (II) is coordinated by two N,N,O-tridentate pbh ligands, an N-bonded thio­cyanate ion, a bidentate nitrate ion and a water mol­ecule to generate a distorted NdN5O5 bicapped square anti­prism. The crystal structures of (I) and (II) feature numerous hydrogen bonds, which lead to the formation of three-dimensional networks in each case. PMID:26958385

  7. Properties of homoepitaxial 4H-SiC and characteristics of Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diodes

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, G.; Li, Z. Y.; Bai, S.; Han, P.

    2008-02-01

    This paper describes the properties of the homoepitaxial 4H-SiC layer, the fabrication and electrical parameters of Ti/4H-SiC Schottky barrier diode (SBD). The 4H-SiC epitaxial layers, grown on the commercially available 8°off-oriented Si-face(0001) single-crystal 4H-SiC wafers, have been performed at 1550~1600°C by using the step controlled epitaxy with low pressure chemical vapor deposition. X-ray diffraction measurement result indicates the single crystal nature of the epilayer, and Raman spectrum shows the typical 4H-SiC feature peaks. When the off-oriented angle of substrate is 8°, the epitaxial growth perfectly replicates the substrate's polytype. High quality 4H-SiC epilayer has been generated on the 4H-SiC substrate. Ti/4H-SiC SBDs with blocking voltage 1kV have been made on an undoped epilayer with 12um in thick and 3×10 15cm -3 in carrier density. The ideality factor n=1.16 and the effective barrier height φ e=0.9V of the Ti/4H-SiC SBDs are measured with method of forward density-voltage (J-V). The diode rectification ratio of forward to reverse (defined at +/-1V) is over 10 7 at room temperature. By using B + implantation, an amorphous layer as the edge termination is formed. The SBDs have on-state current density of 200A/cm2 at a forward voltage drop of about 2V. The specific on-resistance for the rectifier is found to be as 6.6mΩ•cm2.

  8. Synthesis of cationic iridium(I) complexes of water-soluble phosphine ligands, [Ir(CO)(TPPMS){sub 3}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}, [Ir(CO)(H{sub 2}O)(TPPTS){sub 2}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}, and [Ir(CO){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]ClO{sub 4} (TPPMS = PPh{sub 2}(m-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SO{sub 3}K), TPPTS = P(m-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SO{sub 3}Na){sub 3})

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Paterniti, D.P.; Francisco, L.W.; Atwood, J.D.

    Several new water-soluble iridium(I) complexes were synthesized and their reactivities with small molecules (H{sub 2} or CO) in polar solvents (DMSO or H{sub 2}O) examined. Reaction of H{sub 2} with [Ir(CO)(TPPMS){sub 3}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3} (TPPMS = P(C{sub 6}H{sub 5}){sub 2}(m-C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SO{sub 3}K)) in DMSO or H{sub 2}O produces [cis,mer-Ir(CO)(H){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}, while the reaction of CO with [Ir(CO)(TPPMS){sub 3}]-CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3} in water yields [Ir(CO){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}. Carbonylation of [Ir(CO){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]ClO{sub 4} in DMSO produces [Ir(CO){sub 3}(TPPMS){sub 2}]ClO{sub 4} and TPPMS; no reaction is observed in H{sub 2}O. Hydrogenation of [Ir(CO){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]ClO{sub 4}more » in DMSO or H{sub 2}O yields [cis,mer-Ir(CO)(H){sub 2}(TPPMS){sub 3}]ClO{sub 4}, while reaction of H{sub 2} with an aqueous solution of [Ir(CO)(H{sub 2}O)(TPPTS){sub 2}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3} produces [Ir(CO)(H{sub 2}O)(H){sub 2}(TPPTS){sub 2}]CF{sub 3}SO{sub 3}. Reaction of trans-Ir(CO)ClL{sub 2} (L = TPPMS or TPPTS) with excess L in H{sub 2}O produces [Ir(CO)L{sub 3}]Cl, while no reaction occurs in DMSO, [Ir(CO){sub 3}(TPPMS){sub 2}]Cl reacts irreversibly with TPPMS in H{sub 2}O to produce [Ir(CO){sub 2}-(TPPMS){sub 3}]Cl.« less

  9. Exogenous cytokine modulation or neutralization of interleukin-10 enhance survival in lipopolysaccharide-hyporesponsive C3H/HeJ mice with Klebsiella infection

    PubMed Central

    Wang, M-J; Jeng, K-C G; Ping, L-I

    1999-01-01

    Klebsiella pneumoniae has been isolated from liver abscesses in patients with leukaemia or diabetes. The resistance of Klebsiella infection in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-hyporesponsive mice is unclear. Female C3H/HeJ and C3H/HeN mice, 6–8 weeks old, were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected with K. pneumoniae. The results showed that C3H/HeJ mice were 24 times more susceptible [lethal dose 50% (LD50) 250 colony-forming units] than C3H/HeN mice to K. pneumoniae infection. C3H/HeJ mice, uninfected or infected with K. pneumoniae, had higher liver interleukin (IL)-10 levels and IL-10 mRNA levels than C3H/HeN mice. Previously, pretreatment with IL-1β and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) protected C3H/HeJ mice from lethal bacterial infection. Therefore the effects of pretreatment with IL-1β and TNF-α or antimurine IL-10 antibody i.p. 1 hr before this infection in both strains of C3H mice were examined. Pretreatment with TNF-α or anti-IL-10 antibody enhanced the survival of both strains of mice. TNF-α, in combination with IL-1β, enhanced the survival and bacterial clearance better than single pretreatment in C3H/HeJ mice. Anti-IL-10 antibody increased bacterial clearance and significantly reduced liver cytokine mRNA levels in C3H/HeJ mice more than it did in the controls during infection. These results indicate that exogenous cytokine modulation or neutralization of IL-10 enhance the resistance of LD50 infection in C3H/HeJ mice. PMID:10469238

  10. In vivo marking of spontaneous or vaccine-induced fibrosarcomas in the domestic house cat, using an adenoviral vector containing a bifunctional fusion protein, GAL-TEK.

    PubMed

    Marini, F C; Cannon, J P; Belmont, J W; Shillitoe, E J; Lapeyre, J N

    1995-09-01

    We evaluated the ability of a replication-deficient, recombinant adenoviral vector to transfer the bifunctional gene GAL-TEK, which expresses a marking/therapeutic gene product, to naturally occurring cat fibrosarcomas in situ. GAL-TEK contains an in-frame fusion of the bacterial LacZ gene for histochemical marking of tumors with beta-galactosidase (beta-Gal) and the HSV tk gene for enzyme-prodrug activation of the prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) to induce selective tumor cell killing. GAL-TEK bifunctional marking and cell killing activities were tested in vitro after adenoviral vector infection of HT1080 human fibrosarcoma cells. The tk activity of GAL-TEK is shown to be almost as potent as HSV tk to catalyze conversion of GCV to GCV nucleotides and promote selective cell killing. Using 8 cats with recurring 2.5-cm2 fibrosarcomas that either arose spontaneously or were induced by vaccine, we determined experimentally the administration routes and times required for optimum GAL-TEK gene transfer by beta-Gal histological staining and reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction to the multiple compartments of the growing fibrosarcomas consonant with minimizing collateral infection of neighboring tissues and other unwanted side effects.

  11. rahu is a mutant allele of Dnmt3c, encoding a DNA methyltransferase homolog required for meiosis and transposon repression in the mouse male germline

    PubMed Central

    Lange, Julian; Lailler, Nathalie

    2017-01-01

    Transcriptional silencing by heritable cytosine-5 methylation is an ancient strategy to repress transposable elements. It was previously thought that mammals possess four DNA methyltransferase paralogs—Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, Dnmt3b and Dnmt3l—that establish and maintain cytosine-5 methylation. Here we identify a fifth paralog, Dnmt3c, that is essential for retrotransposon methylation and repression in the mouse male germline. From a phenotype-based forward genetics screen, we isolated a mutant mouse called ‘rahu’, which displays severe defects in double-strand-break repair and homologous chromosome synapsis during male meiosis, resulting in sterility. rahu is an allele of a transcription unit (Gm14490, renamed Dnmt3c) that was previously mis-annotated as a Dnmt3-family pseudogene. Dnmt3c encodes a cytosine methyltransferase homolog, and Dnmt3crahu mutants harbor a non-synonymous mutation of a conserved residue within one of its cytosine methyltransferase motifs, similar to a mutation in human DNMT3B observed in patients with immunodeficiency, centromeric instability and facial anomalies syndrome. The rahu mutation lies at a potential dimerization interface and near the potential DNA binding interface, suggesting that it compromises protein-protein and/or protein-DNA interactions required for normal DNMT3C function. Dnmt3crahu mutant males fail to establish normal methylation within LINE and LTR retrotransposon sequences in the germline and accumulate higher levels of transposon-derived transcripts and proteins, particularly from distinct L1 and ERVK retrotransposon families. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that Dnmt3c arose during rodent evolution by tandem duplication of Dnmt3b, after the divergence of the Dipodoidea and Muroidea superfamilies. These findings provide insight into the evolutionary dynamics and functional specialization of the transposon suppression machinery critical for mammalian sexual reproduction and epigenetic regulation. PMID:28854222

  12. Lactisole inhibits the glucose-sensing receptor T1R3 expressed in mouse pancreatic β-cells.

    PubMed

    Hamano, Kunihisa; Nakagawa, Yuko; Ohtsu, Yoshiaki; Li, Longfei; Medina, Johan; Tanaka, Yuji; Masuda, Katsuyoshi; Komatsu, Mitsuhisa; Kojima, Itaru

    2015-07-01

    Glucose activates the glucose-sensing receptor T1R3 and facilitates its own metabolism in pancreatic β-cells. An inhibitor of this receptor would be helpful in elucidating the physiological function of the glucose-sensing receptor. The present study was conducted to examine whether or not lactisole can be used as an inhibitor of the glucose-sensing receptor. In MIN6 cells, in a dose-dependent manner, lactisole inhibited insulin secretion induced by sweeteners, acesulfame-K, sucralose and glycyrrhizin. The IC50 was ∼4 mmol/l. Lactisole attenuated the elevation of cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]c) evoked by sucralose and acesulfame-K but did not affect the elevation of intracellular cAMP concentration ([cAMP]c) induced by these sweeteners. Lactisole also inhibited the action of glucose in MIN6 cells. Thus, lactisole significantly reduced elevations of intracellular [NADH] and intracellular [ATP] induced by glucose, and also inhibited glucose-induced insulin secretion. To further examine the effect of lactisole on T1R3, we prepared HEK293 cells stably expressing mouse T1R3. In these cells, sucralose elevated both [Ca2+]c and [cAMP]c. Lactisole attenuated the sucralose-induced increase in [Ca2+]c but did not affect the elevation of [cAMP]c. Finally, lactisole inhibited insulin secretion induced by a high concentration of glucose in mouse islets. These results indicate that the mouse glucose-sensing receptor was inhibited by lactisole. Lactisole may be useful in assessing the role of the glucose-sensing receptor in mouse pancreatic β-cells. © 2015 Society for Endocrinology.

  13. Synthesis and pharmacological properties of new derivatives of 4-alkoxy-6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3(2H)-diones.

    PubMed

    Sladowska, Helena; Sabiniarz, Aleksandra; Sapa, Jacek; Filipek, Barbara

    2009-01-01

    Synthesis of 2-(2-hydroxy-3-amino)propyl derivatives of 4-alkoxy-6-methyl-1H-pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyridine-1,3(2H)-diones (24-35) is described. The chlorides used in the above synthesis exist mainly in the cyclic forms (18, 20-23). Only chloride with benzhydryl substituent at the nitrogen atom of piperazine has the chain structure (19). Among the studied imides the most active analgesics in the "writhing" syndrome test proved to be compounds 30 and 31 (with LD50 > 2000 mg/kg) containing 4-benzylpiperidino group. Furthermore, all imides suppressed significantly spontaneous locomotor activity of mice.

  14. Primary fibrosarcoma of the urinary bladder in a cat: follow-up after incomplete surgical excision

    PubMed Central

    Greci, Valentina; Rocchi, Paola M; Sontuoso, Antonio F; Olivero, Daniela; Capasso, Angelo; Raiano, Vera

    2017-01-01

    Case summary An 11-year-old female spayed domestic shorthair cat was presented with haematuria of 2 months’ duration followed by pollakiuria and stranguria. A firm, non-painful mass in the urinary bladder was palpated. Abdominal radiographs and ultrasound were suggestive of a urinary neoplasia. During explorative laparotomy, a partial cystectomy and surgical debulking were performed. Histopathology and immunostaining were consistent with a fibrosarcoma. The cat was discharged 10 days after surgery with a residual mass of about 1.8 cm on ultrasound re-examination. The cat was not given adjuvant therapy. The cat was euthanased 8 months after surgery because of tumour invasion of the urinary trigone and subsequent ureter dilation, hydronephrosis and severe azotaemia. Relevance and novel information Malignant urinary fibrosarcoma in this cat appeared to be only locally invasive. Palliative surgery without adjuvant postoperative chemotherapy in this cat resulted in an 8 month period of good quality of life. PMID:28680699

  15. Central amaurosis induced by an intraocular, posttraumatic fibrosarcoma in a cat.

    PubMed

    Barrett, P M; Merideth, R E; Alarcon, F L

    1995-01-01

    A 12-year-old, castrated male, domestic shorthair cat with a previous penetrating trauma to the left globe which progressed to a phthisical eye presented for acute blindness. Ophthalmic examination and electroretinography of the right eye were found to be normal. Following euthanasia, gross and microscopic examinations were completed. A left intraocular, posttraumatic fibrosarcoma with extension to the optic nerve and chiasm and induced right optic nerve fiber degeneration at the optic chiasm with necrosis leading to central amaurosis were diagnosed.

  16. Intracisternal A-Particle Element Transposition into the Murine β-Glucuronidase Gene Correlates with Loss of Enzyme Activity: a New Model for β-Glucuronidase Deficiency in the C3H Mouse†

    PubMed Central

    Gwynn, Babette; Lueders, Kira; Sands, Mark S.; Birkenmeier, Edward H.

    1998-01-01

    The severity of human mucopolysaccharidosis type VII (MPS VII), or Sly syndrome, depends on the relative activity of the enzyme β-glucuronidase. Loss of β-glucuronidase activity can cause hydrops fetalis, with in utero or postnatal death of the patient. In this report, we show that β-glucuronidase activity is not detectable by a standard fluorometric assay in C3H/HeOuJ (C3H) mice homozygous for a new mutation, gusmps2J. These gusmps2J/gusmps2J mice are born and survive much longer than the previously characterized β-glucuronidase-null B6.C-H-2bm1/ByBir-gusmps (gusmps/gusmps) mice. Northern blot analysis of liver from gusmps2J/gusmps2J mice demonstrates a 750-bp reduction in size of β-glucuronidase mRNA. A 5.4-kb insertion in the Gus-sh nucleotide sequence from these mice was localized by Southern blot analysis to intron 8. The ends of the inserted sequences were cloned by inverse PCR and revealed an intracisternal A-particle (IAP) element inserted near the 3′ end of the intron. The sequence of the long terminal repeat (LTR) regions of the IAP most closely matches that of a composite LTR found in transposed IAPs previously identified in the C3H strain. The inserted IAP may contribute to diminished β-glucuronidase activity either by interfering with transcription or by destabilizing the message. The resulting phenotype is much less severe than that previously described in the gusmps/gusmps mouse and provides an opportunity to study MPS VII on a genetic background that clearly modulates disease severity. PMID:9774663

  17. MICROWAVE SPECTRA AND GEOMETRIES OF C2H_{2\\cdots AgI} and C2H_{4\\cdots AgI}

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Stephens, Susanna L.; Tew, David Peter; Walker, Nick; Legon, Anthony

    2015-06-01

    A chirped-pulse Fourier transform microwave spectrometer has been used to measure the microwave spectra of both C2H_{2\\cdots AgI} and C2H_{4\\cdots AgI}. These complexes are generated via laser ablation at 532 nm of a silver surface in the presence of CF3I and either C2H_{2} or C2H_{4} and argon and are stabilized by a supersonic expansion. Rotational (A0, B0, C0) and centrifugal distortion constants (ΔJ and ΔJK) of each molecule have been determined as well the nuclear electric quadrupole coupling constants the iodine atom (χaa(I) and χbb-χcc(I)). The spectrum of each molecule is consistent with a C2v structure in which the metal atom interacts with the π-orbital of the ethene or ethyne molecule. Isotopic substitutions of atoms within the C2H_{2} or C2H_{4} subunits are in progress and in conjunction with high level ab initio calculations will allow for accurate determination of the geometry of each molecule. These to complexes are put in the context of the recently studied H2S\\cdots AgI, OC\\cdotsAgI, H3N\\cdots AgI and (CH3)_{3N\\cdots AgI}. S.Z. Riaz, S.L. Stephens, W. Mizukami, D.P. Tew, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, Chem. Phys. Let., 531, 1-12 (2012) S.L. Stephens, W. Mizukami, D.P. Tew, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, J. Chem. Phys., 136(6), 064306 (2012) D.M. Bittner, D.P. Zaleski, S.L. Stephens, N.R. Walker, A.C. Legon, Study in progress.

  18. Transcriptional response of peripheral lymphocytes to early fibrosarcoma: a model system for cancer detection based on hybridization signatures.

    PubMed

    Marques, Márcia M C; Junta, Cristina M; Zárate-Blades, Carlos R; Sakamoto-Hojo, Elza Tiemi; Donadi, Eduardo A; Passos, Geraldo A S

    2009-07-01

    Since circulating leukocytes, mainly B and T cells, continuously maintain vigilant and comprehensive immune surveillance, these cells could be used as reporters for signs of infection or other pathologies, including cancer. Activated lymphocyte clones trigger a sensitive transcriptional response, which could be identified by gene expression profiling. To assess this hypothesis, we conducted microarray analysis of the gene expression profile of lymphocytes isolated from immunocompetent BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with different numbers of tumorigenic B61 fibrosarcoma cells. Flow cytometry demonstrated that the number of circulating T (CD3(+)CD4(+) or CD3(+)CD8(+)) or B (CD19(+)) cells did not change. However, the lymphocytes isolated from tumor cell-injected animals expressed a unique transcriptional profile that was identifiable before the development of a palpable tumor mass. This finding demonstrates that the transcriptional response appears before alterations in the main lymphocyte subsets and that the gene expression profile of peripheral lymphocytes can serve as a sensitive and accurate method for the early detection of cancer.

  19. 1,4-Iron Migration for Expedient Allene Annulations through Iron-Catalyzed C-H/N-H/C-O/C-H Functionalizations.

    PubMed

    Mo, Jiayu; Müller, Thomas; Oliveira, João C A; Ackermann, Lutz

    2018-06-25

    C-H activation bears great potential for enabling sustainable molecular syntheses in a step- and atom-economical manner, with major advances having been realized with precious 4d and 5d transition metals. In contrast, we employed earth abundant, nontoxic iron catalysts for versatile allene annulations through a unique C-H/N-H/C-O/C-H functionalization sequence. The powerful iron catalysis occurred under external-oxidant-free conditions even at room temperature, while detailed mechanistic studies revealed an unprecedented 1,4-iron migration regime for facile C-H activations. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Cloning and characterization of mouse extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase 3 as a unique gene product of 100 kDa.

    PubMed

    Turgeon, B; Saba-El-Leil, M K; Meloche, S

    2000-02-15

    MAP (mitogen-activated protein) kinases are a family of serine/threonine kinases that have a pivotal role in signal transduction. Here we report the cloning and characterization of a mouse homologue of extracellular-signal-regulated protein kinase (ERK)3. The mouse Erk3 cDNA encodes a predicted protein of 720 residues, which displays 94% identity with human ERK3. Transcription and translation of this cDNA in vitro generates a 100 kDa protein similar to the human gene product ERK3. Immunoblot analysis with an antibody raised against a unique sequence of ERK3 also recognizes a 100 kDa protein in mouse tissues. A single transcript of Erk3 was detected in every adult mouse tissue examined, with the highest expression being found in the brain. Interestingly, expression of Erk3 mRNA is acutely regulated during mouse development, with a peak of expression observed at embryonic day 11. The mouse Erk3 gene was mapped to a single locus on central mouse chromosome 9, adjacent to the dilute mutation locus and in a region syntenic to human chromosome 15q21. Finally, we provide several lines of evidence to support the existence of a unique Erk3 gene product of 100 kDa in mammalian cells.

  1. Technical Note: Immunohistochemical evaluation of mouse brain irradiation targeting accuracy with 3D-printed immobilization device.

    PubMed

    Zarghami, Niloufar; Jensen, Michael D; Talluri, Srikanth; Foster, Paula J; Chambers, Ann F; Dick, Frederick A; Wong, Eugene

    2015-11-01

    Small animal immobilization devices facilitate positioning of animals for reproducible imaging and accurate focal radiation therapy. In this study, the authors demonstrate the use of three-dimensional (3D) printing technology to fabricate a custom-designed mouse head restraint. The authors evaluate the accuracy of this device for the purpose of mouse brain irradiation. A mouse head holder was designed for a microCT couch using cad software and printed in an acrylic based material. Ten mice received half-brain radiation while positioned in the 3D-printed head holder. Animal placement was achieved using on-board image guidance and computerized asymmetric collimators. To evaluate the precision of beam localization for half-brain irradiation, mice were sacrificed approximately 30 min after treatment and brain sections were stained for γ-H2AX, a marker for DNA breaks. The distance and angle of the γ-H2AX radiation beam border to longitudinal fissure were measured on histological samples. Animals were monitored for any possible trauma from the device. Visualization of the radiation beam on ex vivo brain sections with γ-H2AX immunohistochemical staining showed a sharp radiation field within the tissue. Measurements showed a mean irradiation targeting error of 0.14±0.09 mm (standard deviation). Rotation between the beam axis and mouse head was 1.2°±1.0° (standard deviation). The immobilization device was easily adjusted to accommodate different sizes of mice. No signs of trauma to the mice were observed from the use of tooth block and ear bars. The authors designed and built a novel 3D-printed mouse head holder with many desired features for accurate and reproducible radiation targeting. The 3D printing technology was found to be practical and economical for producing a small animal imaging and radiation restraint device and allows for customization for study specific needs.

  2. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in mouse mastitis model

    PubMed Central

    Fu, Yunhe; Wei, Zhengkai; Zhou, Ershun; Zhang, Naisheng; Yang, Zhengtao

    2014-01-01

    Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside (C3G) (CAS number 7084-24-4), a typical anthocyanin pigment that exists in the human diet, has been reported to have anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effect of C3G on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced mastitis and the molecular mechanisms have not been investigated. In this study, we detected the protective effects of C3G on a LPS-induced mouse mastitis model and investigated the molecular mechanisms in LPS-stimulated mouse mammary epithelial cells (MMECs). Our results showed that C3G could attenuate mammary histopathologic changes and myeloperoxidase activity, and inhibit TNF-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-6 production caused by LPS. Meanwhile, C3G dose-dependently inhibited TNF-α and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated MMECs. C3G suppressed LPS-induced nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF3) activation. Furthermore, C3G disrupted the formation of lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol. Moreover, C3G activated liver X receptor (LXR)-ABCG1-dependent cholesterol efflux. Knockdown of LXRα abrogated the anti-inflammatory effects of C3G. In conclusion, C3G has a protective effect on LPS-induced mastitis. The promising anti-inflammatory mechanisms of C3G are associated with upregulation of the LXRα-ABCG1 pathway which result in disrupting lipid rafts by depleting cholesterol, thereby suppressing toll-like receptor 4-mediated NF-κB and IRF3 signaling pathways induced by LPS. PMID:24752550

  3. Enhanced photocatalytic H2-production activity of C-dots modified g-C3N4/TiO2 nanosheets composites.

    PubMed

    Li, Yang; Feng, Xionghan; Lu, Zhexue; Yin, Hui; Liu, Fan; Xiang, Quanjun

    2018-03-01

    As a new carbon-based material, carbon dots (C-dots) have got widely preference because of its excellent electronic transfer capability. In this work, a novel ternary layered C-dots/g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 nanosheets (CGT) composite photocatalysts were prepared by impregnation precipitation methods. The optimal ternary CGT composite samples revealed high photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate in triethanolamine aqueous solutions, which exceeded the rate of the optimal g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 composite sample by a factor of 5 times. The improved photocatalytic activity is owed to the positive effects of C-dots and layered heterojunction structure of TiO 2 nanosheets and g-C 3 N 4 sheets. C-dots in the CGT composites can serve as electron reservoirs to capture the photo-induced electrons. The well-defined layered heterojunction structure of CGT provides the intimate contact and the strong interaction of anatase TiO 2 nanosheets and g-C 3 N 4 sheets via face-to-face orientation, which restrains the recombination of photogenerated charge carriers, and thus enhances the photocatalytic H 2 -production activity. Electron paramagnetic resonance and transient photocurrent response proved the strong interaction and improved interfacial charge transfer of TiO 2 nanosheets and g-C 3 N 4 sheets, respectively. The mechanism of improving the photocatalytic H 2 -evolution activity was further confirmed by time-resolved fluorescence, electron paramagnetic resonance, transient photocurrent response and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  4. Clusterin protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress-induced apoptosis via Akt/GSK-3β signaling pathway

    PubMed Central

    Jun, Hyoung-Oh; Kim, Dong-hun; Lee, Sae-Won; Lee, Hye Shin; Seo, Ji Hae; Kim, Jeong Hun; Kim, Jin Hyoung; Yu, Young Suk; Min, Bon Hong

    2011-01-01

    Clusterin is a secretory glycoprotein, which is highly up-regulated in a variety of normal and injury tissues undergoing apoptosis including infarct region of the myocardium. Here, we report that clusterin protects H9c2 cardiomyocytes from H2O2-induced apoptosis by triggering the activation of Akt and GSK-3β. Treatment with H2O2 induces apoptosis of H9c2 cells by promoting caspase cleavage and cytochrome c release from mitochondria. However, co-treatment with clusterin reverses the induction of apoptotic signaling by H2O2, thereby recovers cell viability. The protective effect of clusterin on H2O2-induced apoptosis is impaired by PI3K inhibitor LY294002, which effectively suppresses clusterin-induced activation of Akt and GSK-3β. In addition, the protective effect of clusterin is independednt on its receptor megalin, because inhibition of megalin has no effect on clusturin-mediated Akt/GSK-3β phosphoylation and H9c2 cell viability. Collectively, these results suggest that clusterin has a role protecting cardiomyocytes from oxidative stress and the Akt/GSK-3β signaling mediates anti-apoptotic effect of clusterin. PMID:21270507

  5. C3H2 observations as a diagnostic probe for molecular clouds

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Avery, L. W.

    1986-01-01

    Recently the three-membered ring molecule, cyclopropenylidene, C3H2, has been identified in the laboratory and detected in molecular clouds by Thaddeus, Vrtilek and Gottlieb (1985). This molecule is wide-spread throughout the Galaxy and has been detected in 25 separate sources including cold dust clouds, circumstellar envelopes, HII regions, and the spiral arms observed against the Cas supernova remnant. In order to evaluate the potential of C3H2 as a diagnostic probe for molecular clouds, and to attempt to identify the most useful transitions, statistical equilibrium calculations were carried out for the lowest 24 levels of the ortho species and the lowest 10 levels of the para species. Many of the sources observed by Matthews and Irvine (1985) show evidence of being optically thick in the 1(10)-1(01) line. Consequently, the effects of radiative trapping should be incorporated into the equilibrium calculations. This was done using the Large Velocity Gradient approximation for a spherical cloud of uniform density. Some results of the calculations for T(K)=10K are given. Figures are presented which show contours of the logarithm of the ratio of peak line brightness temperatures for ortho-para pairs of lines at similar frequencies. It appears that the widespread nature of C3H2, the relatively large strength of its spectral lines, and their sensitivity to density and molecular abundance combine to make this a useful molecule for probing physical conditions in molecular clouds. The 1(10)-1(01) and 2(20)-2(11) K-band lines may be especially useful in this regard because of the ease with which they are observed and their unusual density-dependent emission/absorption properties.

  6. Transepithelial SCFA fluxes link intracellular and extracellular pH regulation of mouse colonocytes.

    PubMed

    Chu, S; Montrose, M H

    1997-10-01

    We have studied pH regulation in both intracellular and extracellular compartments of mouse colonic crypts, using distal colonic mucosa with intact epithelial architecture. In this work, we question how transepithelial SCFA gradients affect intracellular pH (pHi) and examine interactions between extracellular pH (pHo) and pHi regulation in crypts of distal colonic epithelium from mouse. We studied pH regulation in three adjacent compartments of distal colonic epithelium (crypt lumen, crypt epithelial cell cytosol, and lamina propria) with SNARF-1 (a pH sensitive fluorescent dye), digital imaging microscopy (for pHi), and confocal microscopy (for pHo). Combining results from the three compartments allows us to find how pHi and pHo are regulated and related under the influence of physiological transepithelial SCFA gradients, and develop a better understanding of pH regulation mechanisms in colonic crypts. Results suggest a complex interdependency between SCFA fluxes and pHo values, which can directly affect how strongly SCFAs acidify colonocytes.

  7. Blending Non-Group-3 Transition Metal and Rare-Earth Metal into a C80 Fullerene Cage with D5h Symmetry.

    PubMed

    Wei, Tao; Jin, Fei; Guan, Runnan; Huang, Jing; Chen, Muqing; Li, Qunxiang; Yang, Shangfeng

    2018-02-11

    Rare-earth metals have been mostly entrapped into fullerene cages to form endohedral clusterfullerenes, whereas non-Group-3 transition metals that can form clusterfullerenes are limited to titanium (Ti) and vanadium (V), and both are exclusively entrapped within an I h -C 80 cage. Non-Group-3 transition-metal-containing endohedral fullerenes based on a C 80 cage with D 5h symmetry, V x Sc 3-x N@D 5h -C 80 (x=1, 2), have now been synthesized, which exhibit two variable cluster compositions. The molecular structure of VSc 2 N@D 5h -C 80 was unambiguously determined by X-ray crystallography. According to a comparative study with the reported Ti- and V-containing clusterfullerenes based on a I h -C 80 cage and the analogous D 5h -C 80 -based metal nitride clusterfullerenes containing rare-earth metals only, the decisive role of the non-Group-3 transition metal on the formation of the corresponding D 5h -C 80 -based clusterfullerenes is unraveled. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  8. Radiation therapy and surgery for fibrosarcoma in 33 cats.

    PubMed

    Cronin, K; Page, R L; Spodnick, G; Dodge, R; Hardie, E N; Price, G S; Ruslander, D; Thrall, D E

    1998-01-01

    Thirty-three cats with histologically confirmed fibrosarcomas were treated with radiation therapy followed by surgery. The median (95% confidence interval) disease free interval and overall survival were 398 (261,924) and 600 (lower limit 515) days, respectively. There were 19 treatment failures; 11 cats had only local recurrence, 4 cats developed metastatic disease, 3 cats had local recurrence followed by metastasis, and 1 cat developed simultaneous local and distant disease. Twelve cats are alive and disease free. Two cats died without evidence of treatment failure. The presence of tumor cells at the margin of resected tissue after radiation was the only variable which influenced treatment success. The median (95% confidence interval) disease free interval in 5 cats with tumor cells at the margin of the resected specimen was 112 (94,150) days versus 700 (lower limit 328) days for 26 cats with negative tumor margins, p < 0.0001. We did not identify a relationship between tumor volume, number of prior tumor excisions, concomitant use of chemotherapy or various descriptors of the radiation therapy technique and disease free interval.

  9. Involvement of a Na+/HCO-3 cotransporter in mouse sperm capacitation.

    PubMed

    Demarco, Ignacio A; Espinosa, Felipe; Edwards, Jennifer; Sosnik, Julian; De La Vega-Beltran, Jose Luis; Hockensmith, Joel W; Kopf, Gregory S; Darszon, Alberto; Visconti, Pablo E

    2003-02-28

    Mammalian sperm are incapable of fertilizing eggs immediately after ejaculation; they acquire fertilization capacity after residing in the female tract for a finite period of time. The physiological changes sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract that render sperm able to fertilize constitute the phenomenon of "sperm capacitation." We have demonstrated that capacitation is associated with an increase in the tyrosine phosphorylation of a subset of proteins and that these events are regulated by an HCO(3)(-)/cAMP-dependent pathway involving protein kinase A. Capacitation is also accompanied by hyperpolarization of the sperm plasma membrane. Here we present evidence that, in addition to its role in the regulation of adenylyl cyclase, HCO(3)(-) has a role in the regulation of plasma membrane potential in mouse sperm. Addition of HCO(3)(-) but not Cl(-) induces a hyperpolarizing current in mouse sperm plasma membranes. This HCO(3)(-)-dependent hyperpolarization was not observed when Na(+) was replaced by the non-permeant cation choline(+). Replacement of Na(+) by choline(+) also inhibited the capacitation-associated increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation as well as the zona pellucida-induced acrosome reaction. The lack of an increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation was overcome by the presence of cAMP agonists in the incubation medium. The lack of a hyperpolarizing HCO(3)(-) current and the inhibition of the capacitation-dependent increase in protein tyrosine phosphorylation in the absence of Na(+) suggest that a Na(+)/HCO(3)(-) cotransporter is present in mouse sperm and is coupled to events regulating capacitation.

  10. Low-level laser treatment stimulates hair growth via upregulating Wnt10b and β-catenin expression in C3H/HeJ mice.

    PubMed

    Zhang, Tiran; Liu, Liqiang; Fan, Jincai; Tian, Jia; Gan, Cheng; Yang, Zengjie; Jiao, Hu; Han, Bing; Liu, Zheng

    2017-07-01

    This study was conducted in order to evaluate the role of low-level laser treatment (LLLT) in hair growth in C3H/HeJ mice. Healthy C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into two groups: with and without low-level laser treatment. The skin color of each mouse was observed each day. Skin samples were collected for H&E, immunofluorescence, PCR, and western blot analysis, to observe the morphology of hair follicles and detect the expression levels of Wnt10b and β-catenin. Observation of skin color demonstrated that black pigmentation started significantly earlier in the laser group than in the control group. Hair follicle number in both groups showed no difference; however, the hair follicle length presented a significant difference. Wnt10b protein was detected on the second day in hair matrix cells in the LLLT group but not in the control group. PCR and western blot results both illustrated that expression of Wnt10b and β-catenin was significantly higher in the LLLT group than in the control group. Our study illustrated that low-level laser treatment can promote hair regrowth by inducing anagen phase of hair follicles via initiating the Wnt10b/β-catenin pathway.

  11. C-H bond functionalization via hydride transfer: formation of α-arylated piperidines and 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines via stereoselective intramolecular amination of benzylic C-H bonds.

    PubMed

    Vadola, Paul A; Carrera, Ignacio; Sames, Dalibor

    2012-08-17

    We here report a study of the intramolecular amination of sp(3) C-H bonds via the hydride transfer cyclization of N-tosylimines (HT-amination). In this transformation, 5-aryl aldehydes are subjected to N-toluenesulfonamide in the presence of BF(3)·OEt(2) to effect imine formation and HT-cyclization, leading to 2-arylpiperidines and 3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines in a one-pot procedure. We examined the reactivity of a range of aldehyde substrates as a function of their conformational flexibility. Substrates of higher conformational rigidity were more reactive, giving higher yields of the desired products. However, a single substituent on the alkyl chain linking the N-tosylimine and the benzylic sp(3) C-H bonds was sufficient for HT-cyclization to occur. In addition, an examination of various arenes revealed that the electronic character of the hydridic C-H bonds dramatically affects the efficiency of the reaction. We also found that this transformation is highly stereoselective; 2-substituted aldehydes yield cis-2,5-disubstituted piperidines, while 3-substituted aldehydes afford trans-2,4-disubstituted piperidines. The stereoselectivity is a consequence of thermodynamic control. The pseudoallylic strain between the arene and tosyl group on the piperidine ring is proposed to rationalize the greater stability of the isomer with the aryl ring in the axial position. This preferential placement of the arene is proposed to affect the observed stereoselectivity.

  12. C-H Bond Functionalization via Hydride Transfer: Formation of α-Arylated Piperidines and 1,2,3,4-Tetrahydroisoquinolines via Stereoselective Intramolecular Amination of Benzylic C-H Bonds

    PubMed Central

    Vadola, Paul A.; Carrera, Ignacio; Sames, Dalibor

    2012-01-01

    We here report a study of the intramolecular amination of sp3 C-H bonds via the hydride transfer cyclization of N-tosylimines (HT-amination). In this transformation, 5-aryl-aldehydes are subjected to N-toluenesulfonamide in the presence of BF3•OEt2 to effect imine formation and HT-cyclization, leading to 2-aryl-piperidines and 3-aryl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinolines in a one-pot procedure. We examined the reactivity of a range of aldehyde substrates as a function of their conformational flexibility. Substrates of higher conformational rigidity were more reactive, giving higher yields of the desired products. However, a single substituent on the alkyl chain linking the N-tosylimine and the benzylic sp3 C-H bonds was sufficient for HT-cyclization to occur. In addition, an examination of various arenes revealed that the electronic character of the hydridic C-H bonds dramatically affects the efficiency of the reaction. We also found that this transformation is highly stereoselective; 2-substituted aldehydes yield cis-2,5-disubstituted piperidines, while 3-substituted aldehydes afford trans-2,4-disubstituted piperidines. The stereoselectivity is a consequence of thermodynamic control. The pseudo-allylic strain between the arene and tosyl group on the piperidine ring is proposed to rationalize the greater stability of the isomer with the aryl ring in the axial position. This preferential placement of the arene is proposed to affect the observed stereoselectivity. PMID:22672002

  13. Induction of mutagenesis and transformation in BALB/c-3T3 clone A31-1 cells by diverse chemical carcinogens

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lubet, R.A.; Kouri, R.E.; Curren, R.A.

    1990-01-01

    BALB/c-3T3 cells were employed to examine the genotoxic potential of a variety of known chemical carcinogens. BALB/c-3T3 cells displayed a dose-dependent transformation response to a variety of carcinogens (polycyclic hydrocarbons, methylating agents, ethylating agents, aflatoxin B{sub 1} (AFT{sub 1}), and 4-nitroquinoline-N-oxide (4-NQO)). When the ability of these compounds to induce mutagenesis to resistance to the cardiac glycoside ouabain (OUA{sup R}) was examined, the authors found the short chain alkylating agents to be particularly effective mutagens, causing biologic effects at doses below those necessary to induce a transformation response. In contrast, the polycyclic hydrocarbons which were potent transforming agents were weaker,more » albeit significant, mutagens for the OUA{sup R} locus in this system, while AFB{sub 1} was quite weak. Further studies were performed with 5-azacytidine (5-AZA) and the nongenotoxic carcinogen cinnamyl anthranilate (CIN). 5-AZA was a potent transforming agent, but failed to cause mutagenesis. CIN similarly caused in vitro transformation. When a series of eight structurally diverse compounds were examined in both the BALB/c-3T3 and C3H10T1/2 mouse fibroblast transformation systems, the BALB/c-3T3 system was shown to be sensitive to a wide variety of potential carcinogens, whereas the C3H10T1/2 system proved routinely sensitive only to the polycyclic hydrocarbons.« less

  14. Are HO radicals produced in the reaction of O(3P) with 1-C4H8 ?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Luria, M.; Simonaitis, R.; Heicklen, J.

    1972-01-01

    The reaction of O(3P) with 1-C4H8 was examined in the presence of CO which scavenges HO radicals to produce CO2. From the CO2 quantum yield, an upper limit to the efficiency of HO production in the reaction of O(3P) with 1-C4H8 was found to be 0.020 at both 298 and 473 K.

  15. ACE-FTS Observation of a Young Biomass Burning Plume: First Reported Measurements of C2H4, C3H6O, H2CO and PAN by Infrared Occultation from Space

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Coheur, Pierre-Francois; Herbin, Herve; Clerbaux, Cathy; Hurtmans, Daniel; Wespes, Catherine; Carleer, Michel; Turquety, Solene; Rinsland, Curtis P.; Remedios, John; Hauglustaine, Didier; hide

    2007-01-01

    In the course of our study of the upper tropospheric composition with the infrared 35 Atmospheric Chemistry Experiment Fourier Transform Spectrometer (ACE FTS), we 36 found an occultation sequence that on 8 October 2005, sampled a remarkable plume near the 37 east coast of Tanzania. Model simulations of the CO distribution in the Southern hemisphere 38 are performed for this period and they demonstrate that the emissions for this event originated 39 from a nearby forest fire, after which the plume was transported from the source region to the 40 upper troposphere. Taking advantage of the very high signal-to-noise ratio of the ACE FTS 41 spectra over a wide wavenumber range (750-4400 cm(exp -1), we present in-depth analyses of the 42 chemical composition of this plume in the middle and upper troposphere, focusing on the 43 measurements of weakly absorbing pollutants. For this specific biomass burning event, we 44 report simultaneous observations of an unprecedented number of organic species. 45 Measurements of C2H4 (ethene), C3H4 (propyne), H2CO (formaldehyde), C3H6O (acetone) 46 and CH3COO2NO2 (perxoxyacetylnitrate, abbreviated as PAN) are the first reported 47 detections using infrared occultation spectroscopy from satellites. Based on the lifetime of the 48 emitted species, we discuss the photochemical age of the plume and also report, whenever 49 possible, the enhancement ratios relative to CO.

  16. Preparation of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [13C2], [5-n-3H], and [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucosyl analogues for use in the study of indol-3-ylacetic acid catabolism

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Lewer, P.; Bandurski, R. S. (Principal Investigator)

    1987-01-01

    An improved synthesis of 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-ylacetic acid via the base-induced condensation reaction between oxalate esters and 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one is described. 7-Benzyloxyindolin-2-one was prepared in four steps and 50% overall yield from 3-hydroxy-2-nitrotoluene. The yield of the title compound from 7-benzyloxyindolin-2-one was 56%. This route was used to prepare 7-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl[13C2]acetic acid in 30% yield from [13C2]oxalic acid dihydrate. The method could not be extended to the preparation of the corresponding [14C2]-compound. However, an enzyme preparation from Zea mays roots catalysed the conversion of carrier-free [5-n-3H]indol-3-ylacetic acid with a specific activity of 16.7 Ci mmol-1 to a mixture of 7-hydroxy-2-oxo[5-n-3H]indolin-3-ylacetic acid and its [5-n-3H]-7-O-glucoside in ca. 3 and 40% radiochemical yield respectively. The glucoside was converted into the 7-hydroxy compound in 80% yield by means of beta-glucosidase.

  17. Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on Th1/Th2 cytokines and the number of spleen CD4⁺ CD25⁺ Foxp3⁺ Treg in asthma Balb/c mouse.

    PubMed

    Yun, Xiang; Shang, Yunxiao; Li, Miao

    2015-01-01

    Bronchial asthma is a chronic airway inflammatory disease that involves T lymphocytes. In order to explore the effect of Lactobacillus salivarius on Th1/Th2 cytokines and the number of spleen CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg in asthma Balb/c mouse, we constructed acute asthma model with ovalbumin to observe the mouse behavior change in Balb/c mice. The expression of GATA-3 mRNA and T-bet mRNA was measured by real-time PCR. The proportion of CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg/CD4(+) was determined by flow cytometry. The results demonstrated that oral gavage with Lactobacillus salivarius before sensitization could alleviate the clinical symptoms, airway hyper-reactivity and airway inflammation in asthma mouse to some extent; Lactobacillus salivarius may improve the imbalance of Th1/Th2 in asthma mouse through increasing the expression of T-bet mRNA at the transcriptional level and inhibiting the expression of GATA-3 mRNA simultaneously. CD4(+) CD25(+) Foxp3(+) Treg cells may be involved in the pathogenesis of bronchial asthma, and may be the upstream regulatory mechanism of the improvement of Th1/Th2 imbalance by Lactobacillus salivarius.

  18. Human cationic amino acid transporter hCAT-3 is preferentially expressed in peripheral tissues.

    PubMed

    Vékony, N; Wolf, S; Boissel, J P; Gnauert, K; Closs, E I

    2001-10-16

    At least five distinct carrier proteins form the family of mammalian cationic amino acid transporters (CATs). We have cloned a cDNA containing the complete coding region of human CAT-3. hCAT-3 is glycosylated and localized to the plasma membrane. Transport studies in Xenopus laevis oocytes revealed that hCAT-3 is selective for cationic L-amino acids and exhibits a maximal transport activity similar to other CAT proteins. The apparent substrate affinity and sensitivity to trans-stimulation of hCAT-3 resembles most closely hCAT-2B. This is in contrast to rat and murine CAT-3 proteins that have been reported to display a very low activity and to be inhibited by neutral and anionic L-amino acids as well as D-arginine (Hosokawa, H., et al. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 8717-8722; Ito, K., and Groudine, M. (1997) J. Biol. Chem. 272, 26780-26786). Also, in adult rat and mouse, CAT-3 has been found exclusively in central neurons. Human CAT-3 expression is not restricted to the brain, in fact, by far the highest expression was found in thymus. Also in other peripheral tissues, hCAT-3 expression was equal to or higher than in most brain regions, suggesting that hCAT-3 is not a neuron-specific transporter.

  19. Directing-Group-mediated C-H-Alkynylations.

    PubMed

    Caspers, Lucien D; Nachtsheim, Boris J

    2018-05-18

    C-C triple bonds are amongst the most versatile functional groups in synthetic chemistry. Complementary to the Sonogashira coupling the direct metal-catalyzed alkynylation of C-H bonds has emerged as a highly promising approach in recent years. To guarantee a high regioselectivity suitable directing groups (DGs) are necessary to guide the transition metal (TM) into the right place. In this Focus Review we present the current developments in DG-mediated C(sp 2 )-H and C(sp 3 )-H modifications with terminal alkynes under oxidative conditions and with electrophilic alkynylation reagents. We will discuss further modifications of the alkyne, in particular subsequent cyclizations to carbo- and heterocycles and modifications of the DG in the presence of the alkyne. © 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

  20. Mouse Balb/c3T3 cell mutant with low epidermal growth factor receptor activity: induction of stable anchorage-independent growth by transforming growth factor. beta

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kuratomi, Y.; Ono, M.; Yasutake, C.

    1987-01-01

    A mutant clone (MO-5) was originally isolated as a clone resistant to Na/sup +//K/sup +/ ionophoric antibiotic monensin from mouse Balb/c3T3 cells. MO-5 was found to show low receptor-endocytosis activity for epidermal growth factor (EGF):binding activity for EGF in MO-5 was less than one tenth of that in Balb/c3T3. Anchorage-independent growth of MO-5 was compared to that of Balb/c3T3 when assayed by colony formation capacity in soft agar. Coadministration of EGF and TGF-..beta.. efficiently enhanced anchorage-independent growth of normal rat kidney (NRK) cells, but neither factor alone was competent to promote the anchorage-independent growth. The frequency of colonies appearing inmore » soft agar of MO-5 or Balb/c3T3 was significantly enhanced by TGF-..beta.. while EGF did not further enhance that of MO-5 or Balb/c3T3. Colonies of Balb/c3T3 formed in soft agar in the presence of TGF-..beta.. showed low colony formation capacity in soft agar in the absence of TGF-..beta... Colonies of MO-5 formed by TGF-..beta.. in soft agar, however, showed high colony formation capacity in soft agar in the absence of TGF-..beta... Pretreatment of MO-5 with TGF-..beta.. induced secretion of TGF-..beta..-like activity from the cells, while the treatment of Balb/c3T3 did not induce the secretion of a significant amount of TGF-..beta..-like activity. The loss of EGF-receptor activity in the stable expression and maintenance of the transformed phenotype in MO-5 is discussed.« less