The design, fabrication and installation of cable routing mockups in support of Spacelab 2

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1981-01-01

From flight and mockup drawings of Spacelab 2 (SL 2) experiments and hardware, shop ready mockup drawings were produced. Floor panels were the first items considered for fabrication. Cold plate and orthogrid mockups were designed and fabricated. Experiment and other hardware mockups were fabricated of aluminum or plywood, depending on size and configuration. Eighty-three cable routing bracket mockups were fabricated of aluminum and delivered for painting.

47 CFR 15.123 - Labeling of digital cable ready products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...) Allows navigation of channels based on channel information (virtual channel map and source names... independent laboratory with personnel knowledgeable with respect to the standards referenced in paragraph (b...

Consumers' health-related motive orientations and ready meal consumption behaviour.

PubMed

Geeroms, Nele; Verbeke, Wim; Van Kenhove, Patrick

2008-11-01

Based on a multidimensional perspective on the meaning of health, this study explores associations between consumers' health-related motive orientations (HRMO) and ready meal consumption behaviour. Cross-sectional data were collected from a sample of 1934 Flemish consumers through an on-line survey. The respondents rated 45 health statements referring to people's motives for pursuing health. The survey also assessed information on several aspects of ready meal consumption, i.e. consumption frequency, beliefs and attitudes toward ready meals and ready meal buying criteria. Based on a two-step cluster analysis, we identified five distinct subgroups in the sample, according to their HRMO: health is about energy (Energetic Experimenters), emotional well-being/enjoying life (Harmonious Enjoyers), social responsibility/physical well-being (Normative Carers), achievement/outward appearance (Conscious Experts) and autonomy (Rationalists). Ready meal consumption patterns differed between these segments, with Energetic Experimenters and Conscious Experts showing significantly more positive attitudes, stronger beliefs and both higher penetration and consumption frequency related to ready meals, compared to Harmonious Enjoyers, Normative Carers and Rationalists. These findings may relate to the individualistic versus altruistic health orientation perspective of the identified segments, and are valuable in the context of improving consumer-oriented product development, positioning and marketing of ready meals.

46 CFR 116.202 - Plans and information required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Safety Center, 2100 2nd St. SW., Stop 7102, Washington, DC 20593-7102, in a written or electronic format... cables, bus-tie cables, feeders, and branch circuit cables; (vi) Power, lighting, and interior communication panelboards with number of circuits and rating of energy consuming devices; (vii) Type and...

46 CFR 116.202 - Plans and information required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Safety Center, 2100 2nd St. SW., Stop 7102, Washington, DC 20593-7102, in a written or electronic format... cables, bus-tie cables, feeders, and branch circuit cables; (vi) Power, lighting, and interior communication panelboards with number of circuits and rating of energy consuming devices; (vii) Type and...

Statistical characteristics of excess fiber length in loose tubes of optical cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Andreev, Vladimir A.; Gavryushin, Sergey A.; Popov, Boris V.; Popov, Victor B.; Vazhdaev, Michael A.

2017-04-01

This paper presents an analysis of the data measurements of excess fiber length in the loose tubes of optical cable during the post-process quality control of ready-made products. At determining estimates of numerical characteristics of excess fiber length method of results processing of direct multiple equally accurate measurements has been used. The results of experimental research of the excess length value at the manufacturing technology of loose tube remains constant.

Optics vs copper: from the perspective of "Thunderbolt" interconnect technology

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cheng, Hengju; Krause, Christine; Ko, Jamyuen; Gao, Miaobin; Liu, Guobin; Wu, Huichin; Qi, Mike; Lam, Chun-Chit

2013-02-01

Interconnect technology has been progressed at a very fast pace for the past decade. The signaling rates have steadily increased from 100:Mb/s to 25Gb/s. In every generation of interconnect technology evolution, optics always seems to take over at first, however, at the end, the cost advantage of copper wins over. Because of this, optical interconnects are limited to longer distance links where the attenuation in copper cable is too large for the integrated circuits to compensate. Optical interconnect has long been viewed as the premier solution in compared with copper interconnect. With the release of Thunderbolt technology, we are entering a new era in consumer electronics that runs at 10Gb/s line rate (20Gb/s throughput per connector interface). Thunderbolt interconnect technology includes both active copper cables and active optical cables as the transmission media which have very different physical characteristics. In order for optics to succeed in consumer electronics, several technology hurdles need to be cleared. For example, the optical cable needs to handle the consumer abuses such as pinch and bend. Also, the optical engine used in the active optical cable needs to be physically very small so that we don't change the looks and feels of the cable/connector. Most importantly, the cost of optics needs to come down significantly to effectively compete with the copper solution. Two interconnect technologies are compared and discussed on the relative cost, power consumption, form factor, density, and future scalability.

7 CFR 70.52 - Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits identified with consumer grademarks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 3 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or... ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT (CONTINUED) VOLUNTARY GRADING OF POULTRY PRODUCTS AND... Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits identified with consumer grademarks. The official...

Baby boomers' adoption of consumer health technologies: survey on readiness and barriers.

PubMed

LeRouge, Cynthia; Van Slyke, Craig; Seale, Deborah; Wright, Kevin

2014-09-08

As they age, baby boomers (born 1946-1964) will have increasing medical needs and are likely to place large demand on health care resources. Consumer health technologies may help stem rising health care needs and costs by improving provider-to-patient communication, health monitoring, and information access and enabling self-care. Research has not explored the degree to which baby boomers are ready for, or are currently embracing, specific consumer health technologies This study explores how baby boomers' readiness to use various technologies for health purposes compares to other segments of the adult population. The goals of the study are to (1) examine what technologies baby boomers are ready to use for health purposes, (2) investigate barriers to baby boomers' use of technology for health purposes, and (3) understand whether readiness for and barriers to baby boomers' use of consumer health technologies differ from those of other younger and older consumers. Data were collected via a survey offered to a random sample of 3000 subscribers to a large pharmacy benefit management company. Respondents had the option to complete the survey online or by completing a paper-based version of the survey. Data from 469 respondents (response rate 15.63%) were analyzed, including 258 baby boomers (aged 46-64 years), 72 younger (aged 18-45 years), and 139 older (age >64 years) participants. Baby boomers were found to be similar to the younger age group, but significantly more likely than the older age group to be ready to use 5 technologies for health purposes (health information websites, email, automated call centers, medical video conferencing, and texting). Baby boomers were less ready than the younger age group to adopt podcasts, kiosks, smartphones, blogs, and wikis for health care purposes. However, baby boomers were more likely than older adults to use smartphones and podcasts for health care purposes. Specific adoption barriers vary according to the technology. Baby boomers have commonalities with and distinctions from both younger and older adults in their readiness to adopt specific consumer health technologies and the barriers they experience to adoption. Baby boomers' nuances regarding readiness to adopt and the barriers associated with the various forms of consumer health technology should be taken into account by those interested in promoting consumer health technologies use among baby boomers when developing applications, choosing technologies, preparing users for use, and in promotional tactics.

Delay discounting and intake of ready-to-eat and away-from-home foods in overweight and obese women.

PubMed

Appelhans, Bradley M; Waring, Molly E; Schneider, Kristin L; Pagoto, Sherry L; DeBiasse, Michelle A; Debiasse, Michelle A; Whited, Matthew C; Lynch, Elizabeth B

2012-10-01

A shift from home-prepared to away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods has occurred in recent decades, which has implications for obesity and health. This study tested whether delay discounting, a facet of impulsivity reflecting sensitivity to immediate reward, is associated with the frequency of consumption and typical amount consumed of home-prepared, away-from-home, and ready-to-eat foods among overweight and obese women. Seventy-eight participants completed a binary choice task assessing discounting of delayed monetary rewards. Nutrient analysis of weighed food records characterized dietary intake over seven consecutive days. Foods were categorized as home-prepared, away-from-home, or ready-to-eat by a registered dietitian from information provided by participants. Delay discounting was not associated with the frequency of consuming home-prepared, away-from-home, and ready-to-eat foods as reflected in the percentages of recorded foods or total energy intake from each category. However, once consuming away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods (but not home-prepared foods), impulsive women consumed more energy than less impulsive women. Exploratory analyses indicated that more impulsive women chose away-from-home foods with a higher energy density (kcal/g). Impulsivity was associated with the quantity of away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods consumed, but not the frequency of their consumption. Home food preparation may be critical to weight control for impulsive individuals. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Delay discounting and intake of ready-to-eat and away-from-home foods in overweight and obese women

PubMed Central

Appelhans, Bradley M.; Waring, Molly E.; Schneider, Kristin L.; Pagoto, Sherry L.; DeBiasse, Michelle A.; Whited, Matthew C.; Lynch, Elizabeth B.

2012-01-01

A shift from home-prepared to away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods has occurred in recent decades, which has implications for obesity and health. This study tested whether delay discounting, a facet of impulsivity reflecting sensitivity to immediate reward, is associated with the frequency of consumption and typical amount consumed of home-prepared, away-from-home, and ready-to-eat foods among overweight and obese women. Seventy-eight participants completed a binary choice task assessing discounting of delayed monetary rewards. Nutrient analysis of weighed food records characterized dietary intake over seven consecutive days. Foods were categorized as home-prepared, away-from-home, or ready-to-eat by a registered dietitian from information provided by participants. Delay discounting was not associated with the frequency of consuming home-prepared, away-from-home, and ready-to-eat foods as reflected in the percentages of recorded foods or total energy intake from each category. However, once consuming away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods (but not home-prepared foods), impulsive women consumed more energy than less impulsive women. Exploratory analyses indicated that more impulsive women chose away-from-home foods with a higher energy density (kcal/g). Impulsivity was associated with the quantity of away-from-home and ready-to-eat foods consumed, but not the frequency of their consumption. Home food preparation may be critical to weight control for impulsive individuals. PMID:22819735

7 CFR 70.52 - Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits identified with consumer grademarks.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... rabbits identified with consumer grademarks. 70.52 Section 70.52 Agriculture Regulations of the Department... RABBIT PRODUCTS Grading of Poultry Products and Rabbit Products Identifying and Marking Products § 70.52 Prerequisites to packaging ready-to-cook poultry or rabbits identified with consumer grademarks. The official...

The Cableshop.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rohrer, Daniel M.

"Cableshop" is an experimental cable television service offering three- to seven-minute broadcast segments of product or community information and using a combination of telephone, computer, and video technology. Viewers participating in the service will have a choice of items ready for viewing listed on a "menu" channel and…

Electronic School.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Executive Educator, 1994

1994-01-01

This issue of "The Electronic School" features a special forum on computer networking. Articles specifically focus on network operating systems, cabling requirements, and network architecture. Tom Wall argues that virtual reality is not yet ready for classroom use. B.J. Novitsky profiles two high schools experimenting with CD-ROM…

Baby Boomers’ Adoption of Consumer Health Technologies: Survey on Readiness and Barriers

PubMed Central

2014-01-01

Background As they age, baby boomers (born 1946-1964) will have increasing medical needs and are likely to place large demand on health care resources. Consumer health technologies may help stem rising health care needs and costs by improving provider-to-patient communication, health monitoring, and information access and enabling self-care. Research has not explored the degree to which baby boomers are ready for, or are currently embracing, specific consumer health technologies This study explores how baby boomers’ readiness to use various technologies for health purposes compares to other segments of the adult population. Objective The goals of the study are to (1) examine what technologies baby boomers are ready to use for health purposes, (2) investigate barriers to baby boomers’ use of technology for health purposes, and (3) understand whether readiness for and barriers to baby boomers’ use of consumer health technologies differ from those of other younger and older consumers. Methods Data were collected via a survey offered to a random sample of 3000 subscribers to a large pharmacy benefit management company. Respondents had the option to complete the survey online or by completing a paper-based version of the survey. Results Data from 469 respondents (response rate 15.63%) were analyzed, including 258 baby boomers (aged 46-64 years), 72 younger (aged 18-45 years), and 139 older (age >64 years) participants. Baby boomers were found to be similar to the younger age group, but significantly more likely than the older age group to be ready to use 5 technologies for health purposes (health information websites, email, automated call centers, medical video conferencing, and texting). Baby boomers were less ready than the younger age group to adopt podcasts, kiosks, smartphones, blogs, and wikis for health care purposes. However, baby boomers were more likely than older adults to use smartphones and podcasts for health care purposes. Specific adoption barriers vary according to the technology. Conclusions Baby boomers have commonalities with and distinctions from both younger and older adults in their readiness to adopt specific consumer health technologies and the barriers they experience to adoption. Baby boomers’ nuances regarding readiness to adopt and the barriers associated with the various forms of consumer health technology should be taken into account by those interested in promoting consumer health technologies use among baby boomers when developing applications, choosing technologies, preparing users for use, and in promotional tactics. PMID:25199475

47 CFR 76.630 - Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. 76.630 Section 76.630 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. (a) Cable system operators shall not scramble or otherwise...

47 CFR 76.630 - Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. 76.630 Section 76.630 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. (a) Cable system operators shall not scramble or otherwise...

47 CFR 76.630 - Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. 76.630 Section 76.630 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. (a) Cable system operators shall not scramble or otherwise...

47 CFR 76.630 - Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. 76.630 Section 76.630 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. (a) Cable system operators shall not scramble or otherwise...

47 CFR 76.630 - Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. 76.630 Section 76.630 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST... Compatibility with consumer electronics equipment. (a) Cable system operators shall not scramble or otherwise...

16 CFR 1204.2 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT REGULATIONS SAFETY... addition to the definitions given in section 3 of the Consumer Product Safety Act (15 U.S.C. 2052), the..., ground plane elements, matching networks, element-connecting hardware, mounting hardware, feed cable, and...

47 CFR 76.1622 - Consumer education program on compatibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Consumer education program on compatibility. 76.1622 Section 76.1622 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Notices § 76.1622 Consumer education program on...

47 CFR 76.1622 - Consumer education program on compatibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Consumer education program on compatibility. 76.1622 Section 76.1622 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Notices § 76.1622 Consumer education program on...

47 CFR 76.1622 - Consumer education program on compatibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Consumer education program on compatibility. 76.1622 Section 76.1622 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Notices § 76.1622 Consumer education program on...

47 CFR 76.1622 - Consumer education program on compatibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Consumer education program on compatibility. 76.1622 Section 76.1622 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Notices § 76.1622 Consumer education program on...

47 CFR 76.1622 - Consumer education program on compatibility.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Consumer education program on compatibility. 76.1622 Section 76.1622 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Notices § 76.1622 Consumer education program on...

Rapid Glucose Depletion Immobilizes Active Myosin-V on Stabilized Actin Cables

PubMed Central

Xu, Li; Bretscher, Anthony

2014-01-01

Summary Polarization of eukaryotic cells requires organelles and protein complexes to be transported to their proper destinations along the cytoskeleton [1]. When nutrients are abundant, budding yeast grows rapidly transporting secretory vesicles for localized growth and actively segregating organelles [2, 3]. This is mediated by myosin-Vs transporting cargos along F-actin bundles known as actin cables [4]. Actin cables are dynamic structures regulated by assembly, stabilization and disassembly [5]. Polarized growth and actin filament dynamics consume energy. For most organisms, glucose is the preferred energy source and generally represses alternative carbon source usage [6]. Thus upon abrupt glucose depletion, yeast shuts down pathways consuming large amounts of energy, including the vacuolar-ATPase [7, 8], translation [9] and phosphoinositide metabolism [10]. Here we show that glucose withdrawal rapidly (<1 min) depletes ATP levels and the yeast myosin V, Myo2, responds by relocalizing to actin cables, making it the fastest response documented. Myo2 immobilized on cables releases its secretory cargo, defining a new rigor-like state of a myosin-V in vivo. Only actively transporting Myo2 can be converted to the rigor-like state. Glucose depletion has differential effects on the actin cytoskeleton resulting in disassembly of actin patches with concomitant inhibition of endocytosis, and strong stabilization of actin cables, thereby revealing a selective and previously unappreciated ATP requirement for actin cable disassembly. A similar response is seen in HeLa cells to ATP depletion. These findings reveal a new fast-acting energy conservation strategy halting growth by immobilizing myosin-V in a newly described state on selectively stabilized actin cables. PMID:25308080

Effect of force tightening on cable tension and displacement in greater trochanter reattachment.

PubMed

Canet, Fanny; Duke, Kajsa; Bourgeois, Yan; Laflamme, G-Yves; Brailovski, Vladimir; Petit, Yvan

2011-01-01

The purpose of this study was to evaluate cable tension during installation, and during loading similar to walking in a cable grip type greater trochanter (GT), reattachment system. A 4th generation Sawbones composite femur with osteotomised GT was reattached with four Cable-Ready® systems (Zimmer, Warsaw, IN). Cables were tightened at 3 different target installation forces (178, 356 and 534 N) and retightened once as recommended by the manufacturer. Cables tension was continuously monitored using in-situ load cells. To simulate walking, a custom frame was used to apply quasi static load on the head of a femoral stem implant (2340 N) and abductor pull (667 N) on the GT. GT displacement (gap and sliding) relative to the femur was measured using a 3D camera system. During installation, a drop in cable tension was observed when tightening subsequent cables: an average 40+12.2% and 11 ± 5.9% tension loss was measured in the first and second cable. Therefore, retightening the cables, as recommended by the manufacturer, is important. During simulated walking, the second cable additionally lost up to 12.2+3.6% of tension. No difference was observed between the GT-femur gaps measured with cables tightened at different installation forces (p=0.32). The GT sliding however was significantly greater (0.9 ± 0.3 mm) when target installation force was set to only 178 N compared to 356 N (0.2 ± 0.1 mm); p<0.001. There were no significant changes when initial tightening force was increased to 534 N (0.3 ± 0.1 mm); p=0.11. In conclusion, the cable tightening force should be as close as possible to that recommended by the manufacturer, because reducing it compromises the stability of the GT fragment, whereas increasing it does not improve this stability, but could lead to cable breakage.

78 FR 64213 - Information Collection Being Reviewed by the Federal Communications Commission

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-10-28

....1621, Equipment Compatibility Offer; Section 76.1622, Consumer Education of Equipment Compatibility... Commission, Media Bureau, Washington, DC 20554, and should include the name of the cable operator to whom the... on encryption of the basic service tier. This rule change allows all- digital cable operators to...

Predicting consumers' intention to consume ready-to-eat meals. The role of moral attitude.

PubMed

Olsen, Nina Veflen; Sijtsema, Siet J; Hall, Gunnar

2010-12-01

This study investigates the usefulness of integrating moral attitude into the Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model when predicting intention to consume ready-to-eat (RTE) meals. Questionnaire data were gathered in three countries: Norway (N = 112), The Netherlands (N = 99), and Finland (N = 134) in spring 2009. A stepwise hierarchical regression was conducted, and the analyses showed that moral attitude is an important predictor of RTE-meal consumption. The feeling of moral obligation, operationalised as a negative feeling of guilt, had a negative effect on peoples' intention to consume ready meals in all the three countries tested, and the explained variance (R²) for TPB increased when moral was added as an explanatory factor. However, although the test showed significant results for the effect of attitude towards behavior and moral in all countries, non-significant results were observed for the effect of subjective norm in both The Netherlands and Norway when moral attitude was included to the TPB-model, indicating cultural differences in the social pressure towards ready meal consumption. Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Toward an Immodest Experiment in Cable Television: Modestly Produced.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Crichton, Judy

The new capability of cable television (CATV) to provide relevant programming to local communities should be recognized so that inner city consumers can be provided with direct, personal information--warning, comparative prices, and the sense that someone cares. At least one channel should be devoted as a key to these services, with other channels…

47 CFR 15.123 - Labeling of digital cable ready products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services that could... must not supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services... a qualified test facility. If the model fails to comply, the manufacturer or importer shall have any...

47 CFR 15.123 - Labeling of digital cable ready products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services that could... must not supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services... a qualified test facility. If the model fails to comply, the manufacturer or importer shall have any...

47 CFR 15.123 - Labeling of digital cable ready products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services that could... must not supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products or services... a qualified test facility. If the model fails to comply, the manufacturer or importer shall have any...

47 CFR 15.123 - Labeling of digital cable ready products.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... qualified hereunder must not supply or design products of the type it tests, nor provide any other products... testing laboratory qualified hereunder must not supply or design products of the type it tests, nor..., see § 15.38) at a qualified test facility. If the model fails to comply, the manufacturer or importer...

Virginia Offshore Wind Technology Advancement Project (VOWTAP) DOE EE0005985 Final Technical Report Rev 1a

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pietryk, Steven

The primary purpose of the VOWTAP was to advance the offshore wind industry in the United States (U.S.) by demonstrating innovative technologies and process solutions that would establish offshore wind as a cost-effective renewable energy resource. The VOWTAP Team proposed to design, construct, and operate a 12 megawatt (MW) offshore wind facility located approximately 27 statute miles (mi) (24 nautical miles [nm], 43 kilometers [km]) off the coast of Virginia. The proposed Project would consist of two Alstom Haliade™ 150-6 MW turbines mounted on inward battered guide structures (IBGS), a 34.5-kilovolt (kV) alternating current (AC) submarine cable interconnecting the WTGsmore » (inter-array cable), a 34.5-kV AC submarine transmission cable (export cable), and a 34.5 kV underground cable (onshore interconnection cable) that would connect the Project with existing Dominion infrastructure located in Virginia Beach, Virginia (Figure 1). Interconnection with the existing Dominion infrastructure would also require an onshore switch cabinet, a fiber optic cable, and new interconnection station to be located entirely within the boundaries of the Camp Pendleton State Military Reservation (Camp Pendleton). The VOWTAP balanced technology innovation with commercial readiness such that turbine operations were anticipated to commence by 2018. Dominion, as the leaseholder of the Virginia Wind Energy Area (WEA), anticipated leveraging lessons learned through the VOWTAP, and applying them to future commercial-scale offshore wind development.« less

Effects of Cable News Watching on Older Adults' Physiological and Self-Reported Stress and Cognitive Function.

PubMed

Deal, Caroline; Bogdan, Ryan; Miller, J Phil; Rodebaugh, Tom; Caburnay, Charlene; Yingling, Mike; Hershey, Tammy; Schweiger, Julia; Lenze, Eric J

2017-01-01

Older adults are the largest consumer of cable news, which includes negative and politicized content and may constitute a daily stressor. As older adults are also vulnerable to the negative consequences of stress, we hypothesized that cable news watching could induce a stress reaction and impair cognitive function. We tested exposures to cable news (i.e., Fox News and MSNBC) in a within-subject randomized controlled design in 34 healthy older adults. We also included negative (Public Broadcasting Station) and positive (trier social stress test) controls. Cable news watching had no effect on psychological stress, physiological stress, or cognitive function. This remained true even if the news exposures were discordant with participants' political affiliation. We conclude that brief cable news watching does not induce a physiological or subjective stress response or cognitive impairment among healthy older adults.

3-Chlorotyrosine formation in ready-to-eat vegetables due to hypochlorite treatment and its dietary exposure and risk assessment.

PubMed

Bao Loan, Huynh Nguyen; Jacxsens, Liesbeth; Kurshed, Ali Abbas Mohammad; De Meulenaer, Bruno

2016-12-01

Washing of iceberg lettuce with HOCl solutions in concentrations ranging from 1.41 to 141mg/L resulted in 0.69 to 2.05μg3-chlorotyrosine/g vegetable. As also six commercial ready-to-eat iceberg lettuces from different producers contained 3-chlorotyrosine from 1.00 to 2.24μg/g vegetable, a total of 122 ready-to-eat vegetable samples purchased in Belgian supermarkets were further screened for their 3-chlorotyrosine content. 3-chlorotyrosine was detected above the detection limit (0.19μg/g sample) in 97, 24 and 14% of the lettuce mixes, vegetable mixes and frozen vegetables, respectively. In combination with consumption data of ready-to-eat vegetables by Belgian and Spanish consumers, a quantitative exposure assessment was performed, exemplifying a lower and higher ready-to-eat vegetables consuming population. Exposure to 3-chlorotyrosine from the frozen vegetables and vegetable mixes was lower compared to the lettuce mixes due to the combination of lower contamination and lower consumption. 3-chlorotyrosine exposure via lettuce mixes could be considered as a public health concern, especially in higher consuming populations represented by the Spanish population, with 17% of consumers (>4.2 million people) and 8.5% of the total population (>2,6 million people) exceeding the threshold of toxicological concern. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

A consumer trial to assess the acceptability of an irradiated chilled ready meal

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stevenson, M. H.; Stewart, E. M.; McAteer, N. J.

1995-02-01

One hundred and seven consumers assessed the sensory quality of a chilled irradiated (2 kGy) and non-irradiated ready meal, consisting of beef and gravy, Yorkshire pudding, carrot, broccoli and roast potato 4 days after treatment. The irradiated meal was moderately to very acceptable and was not significantly different to the non-irradiated meal. The beef and gravy component of the meal was most liked by consumers. Appearance and aroma appeared to be more important than flavour or texture in the overall assessment of the meals.

[MATCHE: Management Approach to Teaching Consumer and Homemaking Education.] Occupational Strand: Textiles and Clothing. Module II-D-3: Merchandising Textiles and Ready-to-Wear.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Gylling, Margaret

This competency-based preservice home economics teacher education module on merchandising textiles and ready-to-wear is the third in a set of three modules on occupational aspects of textiles and clothing. (This set is part of a larger series of sixty-seven modules on the Management Approach to Teaching Consumer and Homemaking Education…

Predicting Early School Achievement with the EDI: A Longitudinal Population-Based Study

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Forget-Dubois, Nadine; Lemelin, Jean-Pascal; Boivin, Michel; Dionne, Ginette; Seguin, Jean R.; Vitaro, Frank; Tremblay, Richard E.

2007-01-01

School readiness tests are significant predictors of early school achievement. Measuring school readiness on a large scale would be necessary for the implementation of intervention programs at the community level. However, assessment of school readiness is costly and time consuming. This study assesses the predictive value of a school readiness…

16 CFR 1204.4 - Electric shock protection tests.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 16 Commercial Practices 2 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electric shock protection tests. 1204.4 Section 1204.4 Commercial Practices CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY COMMISSION CONSUMER PRODUCT SAFETY ACT... the cable shall be between 28 and 29 feet (8.5 to 8.8 meters) above a horizontal plane through the...

Assessment of 69 kV Underground Cable Thermal Ratings using Distributed Temperature Sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Stowers, Travis

Underground transmission cables in power systems are less likely to experience electrical faults, however, resulting outage times are much greater in the event that a failure does occur. Unlike overhead lines, underground cables are not self-healing from flashover events. The faulted section must be located and repaired before the line can be put back into service. Since this will often require excavation of the underground duct bank, the procedure to repair the faulted section is both costly and time consuming. These added complications are the prime motivators for developing accurate and reliable ratings for underground cable circuits. This work will review the methods by which power ratings, or ampacity, for underground cables are determined and then evaluate those ratings by making comparison with measured data taken from an underground 69 kV cable, which is part of the Salt River Project (SRP) power subtransmission system. The process of acquiring, installing, and commissioning the temperature monitoring system is covered in detail as well. The collected data are also used to evaluate typical assumptions made when determining underground cable ratings such as cable hot-spot location and ambient temperatures. Analysis results show that the commonly made assumption that the deepest portion of an underground power cable installation will be the hot-spot location does not always hold true. It is shown that distributed cable temperature measurements can be used to locate the proper line segment to be used for cable ampacity calculations.

iss042e288167

NASA Image and Video Library

2015-02-25

ISS042E288167 (02/25?2015) --- Expedition 42 astronauts Terry Virts and Barry “Butch” Wilmore worked outside the International Space Station installing cables and equipment Feb. 25, 2015 for the second of three spacewalks to help ready the laboratory complex for dockings by commercial crew capsules. Virts reported a small amount of water in his space helmet, but NASA officials said he was never in any danger

75 FR 32451 - Reedsport OPT Wave Park, LLC; Notice of Application Accepted for Filing, Ready for Environmental...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-06-08

... seabed. The 10 PowerBuoy units would be connected to a single Underwater Substation Pod (USP) via power... transmission cable, buried in the seabed to a depth of 3 to 6 feet, would extend from the USP to an existing... continue within the effluent pipe eastward for approximately 3 miles, where it would connect to the Douglas...

Cable Tester Box

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lee, Jason H.

2011-01-01

Cables are very important electrical devices that carry power and signals across multiple instruments. Any fault in a cable can easily result in a catastrophic outcome. Therefore, verifying that all cables are built to spec is a very important part of Electrical Integration Procedures. Currently, there are two methods used in lab for verifying cable connectivity. (1) Using a Break-Out Box and an ohmmeter this method is time-consuming but effective for custom cables and (2) Commercial Automated Cable Tester Boxes this method is fast, but to test custom cables often requires pre-programmed configuration files, and cables used on spacecraft are often uniquely designed for specific purposes. The idea is to develop a semi-automatic continuity tester that reduces human effort in cable testing, speeds up the electrical integration process, and ensures system safety. The JPL-Cable Tester Box is developed to check every single possible electrical connection in a cable in parallel. This system indicates connectivity through LED (light emitting diode) circuits. Users can choose to test any pin/shell (test node) with a single push of a button, and any other nodes that are shorted to the test node, even if they are in the same connector, will light up with the test node. The JPL-Cable Tester Boxes offers the following advantages: 1. Easy to use: The architecture is simple enough that it only takes 5 minutes for anyone to learn how operate the Cable Tester Box. No pre-programming and calibration are required, since this box only checks continuity. 2. Fast: The cable tester box checks all the possible electrical connections in parallel at a push of a button. If a cable normally takes half an hour to test, using the Cable Tester Box will improve the speed to as little as 60 seconds to complete. 3. Versatile: Multiple cable tester boxes can be used together. As long as all the boxes share the same electrical potential, any number of connectors can be tested together.

46 CFR 309.204 - Proof of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... of consumable stores on board at the time the vessel was ready to sail, determined by multiplying the...) The average daily consumption cost times the number of days from the date the vessel was ready to sail... time the vessel was ready to sail, determined by multiplying the agreed cost for one man per day by the...

46 CFR 309.204 - Proof of loss.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... of consumable stores on board at the time the vessel was ready to sail, determined by multiplying the...) The average daily consumption cost times the number of days from the date the vessel was ready to sail... time the vessel was ready to sail, determined by multiplying the agreed cost for one man per day by the...

Processed and ultra-processed food products: consumption trends in Canada from 1938 to 2011.

PubMed

Moubarac, Jean-Claude; Batal, Malek; Martins, Ana Paula Bortoletto; Claro, Rafael; Levy, Renata Bertazzi; Cannon, Geoffrey; Monteiro, Carlos

2014-01-01

A classification of foods based on the nature, extent, and purpose of industrial food processing was used to assess changes in household food expenditures and dietary energy availability between 1938 and 2011 in Canada. Food acquisitions from six household food budget surveys (1938/1939 , 1953, 1969, 1984, 2001, and 2011) were classified into unprocessed or minimally processed foods, processed culinary ingredients, and ready-to-consume processed or ultra-processed products. Contributions of each group to household food expenditures, and to dietary energy availability (kcal per capita) were calculated. During the period studied, household expenditures and dietary energy availability fell for both unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients, and rose for ready-to-consume products. The caloric share of foods fell from 34.3% to 25.6% and from 37% to 12.7% for culinary ingredients. The share of ready-to-consume products rose from 28.7% to 61.7%, and the increase was especially noteworthy for those that were ultra-processed. The most important factor that has driven changes in Canadian dietary patterns between 1938 and 2011 is the replacement of unprocessed or minimally processed foods and culinary ingredients used in the preparation of dishes and meals; these have been displaced by ready-to-consume ultra-processed products. Nutrition research and practice should incorporate information about food processing into dietary assessments.

The moral economy of ready-made food.

PubMed

Wheeler, Kathryn

2017-11-22

The aim of this paper is to develop and apply a framework to explore how moralities of consumption are constituted in and through markets. Using the case of ready-made foods, this paper argues moral economies are comprised through interactions between micro-, meso- and macro-level processes in the form of instituted systems of provision, state regulation, collective food customs promoted though media, NGOs and lifestyle practitioners, and the everyday reflections of consumers. Building on a theoretical framework developed to understand the moral economy of work and employment (Bolton and Laaser 2013), this paper explores how markets for ready-made food are incessantly negotiated in the context of moral ideas about cooking, femininity and individual responsibility. It focuses on 'new' market innovations of fresh ready-to-cook meal solutions and explores how these products are both a response to moralizing discourses about cooking 'properly', as well as an intervention into the market that offers opportunities for new moral identities to be performed. Using data gathered from interviews with food manufacturers and consumers, I advocate for a multi-layered perspective that captures the dynamic interplay between consumers, markets and moralities of consumption. © London School of Economics and Political Science 2017.

A novel vehicle for transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 to humans: multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of ready-to-bake commercial prepackaged cookie dough--United States, 2009.

PubMed

Neil, Karen P; Biggerstaff, Gwen; MacDonald, J Kathryn; Trees, Eija; Medus, Carlota; Musser, Kimberlee A; Stroika, Steven G; Zink, Don; Sotir, Mark J

2012-02-15

 Escherichia coli O157:H7 is a Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) associated with numerous foodborne outbreaks in the United States and is an important cause of bacterial gastrointestinal illness. In May 2009, we investigated a multistate outbreak of E. coli O157:H7 infections.  Outbreak-associated cases were identified using serotyping and molecular subtyping procedures. Traceback investigation and product testing were performed. A matched case-control study was conducted to identify exposures associated with illness using age-, sex-, and state-matched controls.  Seventy-seven patients with illnesses during the period 16 March-8 July 2009 were identified from 30 states; 35 were hospitalized, 10 developed hemolytic-uremic syndrome, and none died. Sixty-six percent of patients were <19 years; 71% were female. In the case-control study, 33 of 35 case patients (94%) consumed ready-to-bake commercial prepackaged cookie dough, compared with 4 of 36 controls (11%) (matched odds ratio = 41.3; P < .001); no other reported exposures were significantly associated with illness. Among case patients consuming cookie dough, 94% reported brand A. Three nonoutbreak STEC strains were isolated from brand A cookie dough. The investigation led to a recall of 3.6 million packages of brand A cookie dough and a product reformulation.  This is the first reported STEC outbreak associated with consuming ready-to-bake commercial prepackaged cookie dough. Despite instructions to bake brand A cookie dough before eating, case patients consumed the product uncooked. Manufacturers should consider formulating ready-to-bake commercial prepackaged cookie dough to be as safe as a ready-to-eat product. More effective consumer education about the risks of eating unbaked cookie dough is needed.

J-2 Engine ready to go into test stand

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1965-01-01

Two technicians watch carefully as cables prepare to lift a J-2 engine into a test stand. The J-2 powered the second stage and the third stage of the Saturn V moon rocket. The towering 363-foot Saturn V was a multi-stage, multi-engine launch vehicle standing taller than the Statue of Liberty. Altogether, the Saturn V engines produced as much power as 85 Hoover Dams.

A comparison of the nutritional quality of organic and conventional ready-to-eat breakfast cereals based on NuVal scores.

PubMed

Woodbury, Nancy J; George, Valerie A

2014-07-01

To identify whether there were differences in nutritional quality between organic and conventional ready-to-eat breakfast cereals of similar types, based on NuVal scores. The current descriptive study analysed NuVal scores for 829 ready-to-eat breakfast cereals and eighteen different cereal types. ANOVA was used to compare the mean NuVal scores of 723 conventional cereals with those of 106 organic cereals. Ready-to-eat breakfast cereals (n 829) with NuVal scores. Not applicable. There was no significant difference in NuVal scores between conventional (mean 28·4 (sd 13·4)) and organic (mean 30·6 (sd 13·2)) cereal types. Consumers who choose the organic version of a ready-to-eat breakfast cereal believing that nutritional quality is superior may not be making a valid assumption. Public health nutrition educators must help consumers understand that organic cereals are not necessarily more nutritious and their consumption could result in excessive intake of undesirable nutrients, such as fat, sugar and sodium.

News Media and Strategic Communications Industry, Industry Study, Spring 2008

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-01-01

through iTunes , CBS is extending the reach of broadcast news to a wider, younger audience.29 Cable Television Current Conditions Cable... sales channel.”50 In the three largest advertising markets – U.S., Japan and the U.K. – consumers now spend 21.9% of their media time online.51...the areas of auto sales and employment, is putting particular pressure on the newspaper industry’s classified revenues. However, as a considerable

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akazawa, Housei

2016-06-01

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery.

PubMed

Akazawa, Housei

2016-06-01

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

Note: Easy-to-maintain electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) plasma sputtering apparatus featuring hybrid waveguide and coaxial cables for microwave delivery

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akazawa, Housei, E-mail: akazawa.housei@lab.ntt.co.jp

2016-06-15

The branched-waveguide electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering apparatus places quartz windows for transmitting microwaves into the plasma source not in the line of sight of the target. However, the quartz windows must be replaced after some time of operation. For maintenance, the loop waveguide branching from the T-junction must be dismounted and re-assembled accurately, which is a time-consuming job. We investigated substituting the waveguide branches with two sets of coaxial cables and waveguide/coaxial cable converters to simplify assembly as far as connection and disconnection go. The resulting hybrid system worked well for the purposes of plasma generation and film deposition.

76 FR 3633 - Consumer Advisory Committee

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-01-20

..., and outreach to underserved populations such as Native Americans and persons living in rural areas... technologies (e.g., availability of broadband, digital television, cable, satellite, low power FM, and the...

STS-88 Day 10 Highlights

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

On this tenth day of the STS-88 mission, the flight crew, Commander Robert D. Cabana, Pilot Frederick W. Sturckow, and Mission Specialists Nancy J. Currie, James H. Newman, Jerry L. Ross, and Sergei Krikalev are awakened by the sounds of Elvis Presley's "Hound Dog". Today's activities are devoted mostly to tasks that ready the station for future assembly work. The crew's first job is to release some cable ties on four cables connected on an earlier space walk, three located on Unity's upper mating adapter and one on its lower adapter, to relieve tension on the lines. The space walkers also will check an insulation cover on one cable connection on the lower Pressurized Mating Adapter (PMA 2) to make sure it is fully installed. Near the end of the space walk, the astronauts conduct a detailed photographic survey of the space station from top to bottom. Finally, each astronaut test fires the Simplified Aid for Extravehicular Activity Rescue (SAFER) jet backpacks they are wearing, a type of space "lifejacket," that would allow an astronaut to fly back to the station if they should ever become untethered.

Career Readiness and Individuals with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Strauser, David; Zanskas, Stephen; Lustig, Daniel

2011-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of the current study is to investigate the relationship between career readiness, defined as capability and complexity, and vocational identity for individuals with disabilities. Method: Forty-three consumers participating in vocational evaluation services for a state-federal vocational rehabilitation agency completed the…

KSC-03pd0994

NASA Image and Video Library

2003-04-07

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, FLA. - The Pegasus XL launch vehicle is ready for a re-mate with the Galaxy Evolution Explorer (GALEX) spacecraft. The March 26 launch was delayed to enable protective covers to be added to the Optical Wheel Assembly (OWA) on GALEX to avoid the possibility of a missing electrical cable fastener floating into and jamming the mechanism when GALEX is in orbit. Launch of GALEX is now scheduled for no earlier than April 26.

Studies on processing, consumer survey and storage stability of a ready-to-reconstitute fish cutlet mix.

PubMed

Shaviklo, G Reza; Thorkelsson, Gudjon; Sveinsdottir, Kolbrun; Pourreza, Fatemeh

2013-10-01

A convenience ready-to-reconstitute cutlet mix containing 30% fish protein powder was developed to improve the nutritional quality of the product. Consumer survey was based on the home use test (HUT) method. The acceptance of the fish cutlet mix (FCM) was studied using a 9-point hedonic scale ranging from 1 (extremely dislike) to 9 (extremely like). Product's characteristics and stability were studied during 6 months of storage at 27 ± 2 °C. The FCM packed in a polyethylene bag and cardboard box was stable during the storage period. There were no changes in colour, moisture gain and water activity, and TBARS values remained low. The FCM was accepted by the consumers in the study (n = 85). The average liking was high (7.5 ± 1.3) and it was influenced by frequency of fish and chicken consumption, educational level and household size. People who ate fish once a week liked the product more than other consumers. Also those with higher educational level and bigger household size. The results in this paper are important information for companies planning to develop ready-to-eat products fortified with fish proteins. The products could be means of increasing fish consumption in countries/areas where there is no tradition of consuming fresh or frozen fish.

Sensory characteristics and consumer preference for chicken meat in Guinea.

PubMed

Sow, T M A; Grongnet, J F

2010-10-01

This study identified the sensory characteristics and consumer preference for chicken meat in Guinea. Five chicken samples [live village chicken, live broiler, live spent laying hen, ready-to-cook broiler, and ready-to-cook broiler (imported)] bought from different locations were assessed by 10 trained panelists using 19 sensory attributes. The ANOVA results showed that 3 chicken appearance attributes (brown, yellow, and white), 5 chicken odor attributes (oily, intense, medicine smell, roasted, and mouth persistent), 3 chicken flavor attributes (sweet, bitter, and astringent), and 8 chicken texture attributes (firm, tender, juicy, chew, smooth, springy, hard, and fibrous) were significantly discriminating between the chicken samples (P<0.05). Principal component analysis of the sensory data showed that the first 2 principal components explained 84% of the sensory data variance. The principal component analysis results showed that the live village chicken, the live spent laying hen, and the ready-to-cook broiler (imported) were very well represented and clearly distinguished from the live broiler and the ready-to-cook broiler. One hundred twenty consumers expressed their preferences for the chicken samples using a 5-point Likert scale. The hierarchical cluster analysis of the preference data identified 4 homogenous consumer clusters. The hierarchical cluster analysis results showed that the live village chicken was the most preferred chicken sample, whereas the ready-to-cook broiler was the least preferred one. The partial least squares regression (PLSR) type 1 showed that 72% of the sensory data for the first 2 principal components explained 83% of the chicken preference. The PLSR1 identified that the sensory characteristics juicy, oily, sweet, hard, mouth persistent, and yellow were the most relevant sensory drivers of the Guinean chicken preference. The PLSR2 (with multiple responses) identified the relationship between the chicken samples, their sensory attributes, and the consumer clusters. Our results showed that there was not a chicken category that was exclusively preferred from the other chicken samples and therefore highlight the existence of place for development of all chicken categories in the local market.

Consumers and Makers: Exploring Opposing Paradigms of Millennial College Readiness

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Jackson, Matthew

2017-01-01

The political and technological circumstances of the past two decades have culminated in opposing epistemic paradigms of college readiness, where millennial students' conceptual understanding of "learning" is both narrowed to meet the demands of school systems bound to accountability and amplified by a rapidly evolving digital world. The…

Focus Group Discussions: Three Examples from Family and Consumer Science Research.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Garrison, M. E. Betsy; Pierce, Sarah H.; Monroe, Pamela A.; Sasser, Diane D.; Shaffer, Amy C.; Blalock, Lydia B.

1999-01-01

Gives examples of the focus group method in terms of question development, group composition and recruitment, interview protocols, and data analysis as applied to three family and consumer-sciences research projects: consumer behavior of working female adolescents, work readiness of adult males with low educational attainment, and definition of…

Materiel Readiness Support Activity Automation Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

1986-09-01

Hardwire leased lines Sytek RF broadband cable modems Digital phone switched service Medium Speed - up to 56k baud RF modems Digital phone service High...dialing 121 I iI Medium Speed - up to 56k baud RF modems - up to 56k baud sync modem $2070 plus installation - $25 per month maintenance - $1200 per...security is to disconnect net- work, modem , and hardwire access (that is, all external access to the machine) after 5 p.m. (normal business hours

Dietary Behaviours, Impulsivity and Food Involvement: Identification of Three Consumer Segments.

PubMed

Sarmugam, Rani; Worsley, Anthony

2015-09-18

This study aims to (1) identify consumer segments based on consumers' impulsivity and level of food involvement, and (2) examine the dietary behaviours of each consumer segment. An Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 530 respondents. The mean age of the participants was 49.2 ± 16.6 years, and 27% were tertiary educated. Two-stage cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments; "impulsive, involved" (33.4%), "rational, health conscious" (39.2%), and "uninvolved" (27.4%). The "impulsive, involved" segment was characterised by higher levels of impulsivity and food involvement (importance of food) compared to the other two segments. This segment also reported significantly more frequent consumption of fast foods, takeaways, convenience meals, salted snacks and use of ready-made sauces and mixes in cooking compared to the "rational, health conscious" consumers. They also reported higher frequency of preparing meals at home, cooking from scratch, using ready-made sauces and mixes in cooking and higher vegetable consumption compared to the "uninvolved" consumers. The findings show the need for customised approaches to the communication and promotion of healthy eating habits.

Freshness maintenance of cherries ready for consumption using convenient, microperforated, bio-based packaging.

PubMed

Koutsimanis, Georgios; Harte, Janice; Almenar, Eva

2015-03-30

Current consumer demand for high-quality ready-to-eat fresh fruit in convenient bio-based packaging was met utilizing sanitized stem-free sweet cherries and a polylactic acid (PLA) cup with a PLA peelable microperforated lid. The newly developed packaging system was compared with the petroleum-based macroperforated bag currently used for retail. After 27 days of storage at 1 °C, the PLA package maintained the cherry firmness, compared with a 50% reduction of the controls. No fungal decay was detected in the cherries stored in PLA, while the controls were non-marketable after 21 days. The PLA package allowed minimal weight loss (0.8%), compared with a weight loss of approximately 16% in the controls. Differences in the cherry aroma, color, acidity, soluble solids content, pH and quality index were also caused by the packaging type. A consumer sensory evaluation showed that cherries stored in PLA packages were more acceptable than those of the controls for appearance, texture, flavor and overall acceptability. The new package matched both the consumer demand for high-quality fresh fruit ready for consumption in convenient bio-based packaging and the extended fruit marketability and consumer satisfaction desired by industry. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Electronic Dilemma of TV Advertising: Documentation, The Reactions of Business, Cultural Consequences and Consumer Implications. Working Paper No. 2.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sepstrup, Preben

This discussion of the influence of advertising on the development of new media covers ways in which advertising uses the media and the implications of new information technologies for consumers and marketing activities. The first of four sections describes how television advertising has been altered by the development of new technologies--cable,…

Optimized Determination of Deployable Consumable Spares Packages

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-06-01

also called deployable bench stock) • CRSP = Consumable Readiness Spares Package • COLT = Customer -Oriented Leveling Technique • ASM = Aircraft...changed please list both.) Original title on 712 A/B: Optimized Determination of Deployable Consumable Spares Packages If the title was revised...number. 1. REPORT DATE 01 JUN 2007 2. REPORT TYPE N/A 3. DATES COVERED - 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE Optimized Determination of Deployable Consumable

16 CFR 1512.19 - Instructions and labeling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... road operation. (2) Assembly instructions for accomplishing complete and proper assembly. (3) Maintenance instructions for proper maintenance of brakes, control cables, bearing adjustments, wheel... determine that such maintenance is beyond the capability of the consumer, specifics regarding locations...

78 FR 34612 - Assessment and Collection of Regulatory Fees for Fiscal Year 2013; Procedures for Assessment and...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2013-06-10

..., Consumer and Governmental Affairs Bureau, Public Safety and Homeland Security Bureau, Chairman and...) at 3 (``Asia, Hong Kong, Singapore, and Malaysia compete fiercely for submarine cable landings to...

Consumer Awareness and Willingness to Pay for High-Pressure Processing of Ready-to-Eat Food

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hicks, Doris T.; Pivarnik, Lori F.; McDermott, Ryan; Richard, Nicole; Hoover, Dallas G.; Kniel, Kalmia E.

2009-01-01

Commercial, nonthermal processing of food, such as high hydrostatic-pressure processing (HPP), has increased. The safety and quality of foods produced by HPP has not been well communicated to the public. An online, nationwide consumer survey was implemented to assess awareness of alternative food processing technologies, consumer food safety…

Cornerstones: Literacy Units Ready for Teachers, Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Blasko, Jennifer; Donahue, Sheila

2008-01-01

Every day, teachers face the time-consuming task of adapting materials from curricula that do not meet their students' needs or match their learning styles. This article discusses ready-made literacy units specifically designed for teachers of deaf and hard of hearing students. The units were part of the Cornerstones Project, an activity of the…

KSC-00pp0773

NASA Image and Video Library

2000-06-17

In the Space Shuttle Processing Facility, workers get ready to attach cables to a high-gain antenna that will be lifted and attached to the Integrated Truss Structure (ITS) Z1. The Z1, part of the payload on mission STS-92 (flight 3A) to be launched in mid-fall, is an early exterior framework for the International Space Station. It will allow the first U.S. solar arrays, on mission STS-97 (flight 4A), to be temporarily installed on Unity for early power

Environmental contamination of ready meals by polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs).

PubMed

Adenugba, Adeola A; McMartin, Dena W; Beck, Angus

2012-01-01

The level of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) contamination in ready meals was investigated to determine exposure compared to other foodstuffs. Chilled ready meals from nine categories (ambient, Chinese, Indian, Traditional UK, Italian, American Tex-Mex, Vegetarian and Organic), and three samples within each category were Soxhlet extracted in triplicate with hexane for 24 h, followed by a clean-up on deactivated silica gel. The cleaned extracts were concentrated to 1 ml under N(2) gas and analyzed on gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for 7 target PCBs (congeners 28, 52, 101, 118, 153, 138, and 180). Individual congener concentrations ranged from non-detectable to 0.40 ng g(-1) (wet weight). The cumulative concentration of all congeners (ΣPCBs) ranged between 0.20 and 1.00 ng g(-1) (wet weight). These values translate into exposure levels of less than 1 μg kg(-1)day(-1) for reference men and women of 70 and 57 kg, respectively. This preliminary study demonstrates that ready meals, like many other foods, are contaminated by PCBs and may represent an important route of human exposure given contemporary changes in consumer food choice. Even though low levels of contamination were observed, long-term exposure for population groups consuming a high volume of ready meals may have cause for concern regarding chronic health risks.

Partial Discharge Characteristics in Composite Insulation Systems with PPLP for HTS Cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kikuchi, Y.; Yamashita, K.; Kumada, A.; Hidaka, K.; Tatamidani, K.; Masuda, T.

2014-05-01

The electrical insulation system of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable consists of liquid nitrogen (N2(l)) and polypropylene laminated paper (PPLP). Partial discharge (PD) may occur in butt gaps of the insulation layers and its characteristics imply the insulation performance of HTS cables. N2(l) cooling system is installed in the power system and N2(l) will flow through the cables during the system operation. Filling the HTS cable with N2(l) in order to perform pre-shipment inspection is time-consuming and costly for cable manufacturers. Therefore, they are trying to find a cost effective method for pre-shipment inspections. One alternative is to use high pressure gaseous nitrogen (N2(g)) instead of N2(l). This article investigates PD characteristics such as PD inception electric field (PDIE) and PD extinction electric field (PDEE) in butt gaps of HTS cables in 0.1 to 0.3 MPa and 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa N2(g) environments. For assessing the surface/volume effects, PD characteristics are measured with changing the size of butt gaps. It turns out that PDIE and PDEE in N2(g) are linearly correlated with those in N2(l) at any gas pressure in our testing, and PDIE in 1.0 MPa N2(g) is almost 30% of that in 0.2 MPa It suggests that PD characteristics in N2(l) can be extrapolated from those in N2(g).

Dietary Behaviours, Impulsivity and Food Involvement: Identification of Three Consumer Segments

PubMed Central

Sarmugam, Rani; Worsley, Anthony

2015-01-01

This study aims to (1) identify consumer segments based on consumers’ impulsivity and level of food involvement, and (2) examine the dietary behaviours of each consumer segment. An Internet-based cross-sectional survey was conducted among 530 respondents. The mean age of the participants was 49.2 ± 16.6 years, and 27% were tertiary educated. Two-stage cluster analysis revealed three distinct segments; “impulsive, involved” (33.4%), “rational, health conscious” (39.2%), and “uninvolved” (27.4%). The “impulsive, involved” segment was characterised by higher levels of impulsivity and food involvement (importance of food) compared to the other two segments. This segment also reported significantly more frequent consumption of fast foods, takeaways, convenience meals, salted snacks and use of ready-made sauces and mixes in cooking compared to the “rational, health conscious” consumers. They also reported higher frequency of preparing meals at home, cooking from scratch, using ready-made sauces and mixes in cooking and higher vegetable consumption compared to the “uninvolved” consumers. The findings show the need for customised approaches to the communication and promotion of healthy eating habits. PMID:26393649

77 FR 41699 - Transportation of Household Goods in Interstate Commerce; Consumer Protection Regulations...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-16

... due Revision due to agency Collection Old burden to error error (old-- error) IC1: ``Ready to Move... Revisions of Estimates of Annual Costs to Respondents Total cost Collection New cost Old cost reduction (new--old) IC1: ``Ready to Move?'' $288,000 $720,000 -$432,000 ``Rights & Responsibilities'' 3,264,000 8,160...

Training the Force: Developing Financially Fit Service Members for Today’s Military

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-01-01

significantly impacted readiness and soldier well-being. To offset this trend, Army leaders should act in concert with Consumer Affairs Financial...should act in concert with Consumer Affairs Financial Assistance Program (CAFAP) personnel to combat debt proliferation and associated problems...Building AGR Active Guard Reserve AIT Advanced Individual Training APR Annual Percentage Rate CAFAP Consumer Affairs Financial Advocacy Program CFS

76 FR 44279 - Implementation of Section 304 of the Telecommunications Act of 1996: Commercial Availability of...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-07-25

... Availability of Navigation Devices; Compatibility Between Cable Systems and Consumer Electronics Equipment... electronics equipment. DATES: The amendments to 47 CFR 76.1205(b)(1), 76.1205(b)(1)(i), 76.1205(b)(2), 76.1205...

Triple Play over Satellite, Ka-Band Making the Difference

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Benoit, Guillaume; Fenech, Hector; Pezzana, Stefano

Over the last years a number of operators have been deploying satellite-based consumer internet access services to reduce the digital divide and capture the market of households not covered by ADSL, cable or wireless broadband. These operators are proposing a step change improvement in the economics of consumer service, with lower terminal costs, broadband access with monthly fees comparable to ADSL and an integrated technology simplifying the process of terminal installation, provisioning and management.

Nurse Delegation in Home Care: Research Guiding Policy Change.

PubMed

Young, Heather M; Farnham, Jennifer; Reinhard, Susan C

2016-09-01

The current study evaluated nurse delegation in home care, a pilot program introduced in 2007 in New Jersey to promote home care options for consumers needing assistance with medical/nursing tasks. Findings on readiness for the program, barriers and facilitating factors, experience with the program, and recommendations are summarized and presented. Methods included surveys and interviews with participants in nurse delegation, observations of planning and implementation meetings, and review meeting minutes. Major findings were no negative outcomes for consumers, improvements in quality of life and quality of care for consumers, high readiness and increasing satisfaction with experience in delegation, perception of nurse delegation in home care as a valued option, and the challenges of ensuring adequate staffing. Subsequent changes in regulation in New Jersey are underway, translating this research into policy. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 42(9), 7-15.]. Copyright 2016, SLACK Incorporated.

The Cabled Component of NSF's Ocean Observatories Initiative: A Distributed, Multi-Sensor, Interactive Telepresence Within Ever-Shifting Marine Ecosystems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Delaney, J. R.; Kelley, D. S.; Proskurowski, G. K.; Kawka, O. E.; Fundis, A.; Mulvihill, M.; Harkins, G.; Harrington, M.; McGuire, C.; Manalang, D.; Light, R.; Stewart, A.; Brand, B.

2013-12-01

Since mid-year 2011, NSF's Ocean Observatories Initiative has made considerable progress in installing its cabled seafloor and water-column component off the Washington-Oregon Coast. The Primary Infrastructure is nearly operational and includes ~900 km of high-power (10 kV) and bandwidth (10 Gbs) submarine electro-optical cable and 7 seafloor power- and communications switching stations (nodes) in a two-cable network spanning tectonically active zones across the Juan de Fuca Plate, with access to the overlying ocean. The system is connected to a shore-landing in Pacific City, Oregon, with a dual-path terrestrial backhaul to Portland where connections to major continent-wide, high-speed networks link via the Internet to the undersea system. During summer 2013 the VISIONS'13 expedition, using the R/V Thompson and the remotely operated vehicle (ROV) ROPOS, placed a number of secondary infrastructure elements on the seafloor, ready to be connected to the Primary Nodes when the system is fully tested and accepted by the Consortium for Ocean Leadership. Secondary infrastructure installed using the ROV ROPOS includes over 23,000 meters of extension cables, which comprise twelve electro-optical and electrical cables that provide links from the Primary Nodes to experimental sites and instrument clusters. Smaller nodes (junction boxes) were also deployed, with three installed on the seafloor. All cables and junction boxes were fully tested, which included powering up and communicating through the nodes and sensors using the ROV ROPOS as a power-communication source, and live data transmission of the resultant engineering and science data to the ship located 3000-1500m above the seafloor. Locations include sites near the base of the continental slope and on Axial Seamount, the most magmatically active volcano on the Juan de Fuca Ridge. Real-time data streamed from instruments connected to extension cables at Axial Volcano via ROPOS revealed a significant local earthquake on the volcano, and a minor signal showing direct tidal measurements from 300 miles offshore. Sensors to be installed and connected in 2014 will provide seismic information, current velocities, inflation and deflation measurements of the volcanic caldera, high-definition video on demand, digital-still imagery, chemical data from methane seeps and vent sites using mass spectrometers, and an array of thermistors in a low-temperature vent field. Six instrumented full water-column moorings with two different types of profilers will be installed and connected to the cable in 2014.

Stage of change of 6 health-related behaviors among patients with type 2 diabetes.

PubMed

Bawadi, Hiba Ahmad; Banks, Angela Denise; Ammari, Fawaz; Tayyem, Reema Fayez; Jebreen, Shatha

2012-12-01

Assessing patients' current stage of change toward 6 healthy behaviors related to diabetes control. Behaviors studied were smoking cessation (2) regular exercise; (3) consuming 5 servings or more of fruits and vegetables; (4) decreasing intake of refined sugar; (5) reducing saturated fat; and (6) self monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG). Stage of change (SOC) for several diabetes control-related behaviors was assessed for 737 patients with type 2 diabetes using a staging algorithm. Socio-demographic data were collected by a structured interview-based questionnaire. There was high degree of readiness toward consuming diets with less saturated fat and simple sugar. Very low degree of readiness was reported for self-monitoring of blood glucose on a regular bases and for practicing physical exercise. Half of the participants (50.9%) were in the precontemplation stage for consuming ≥5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Significant correlations were obtained between the degree of readiness for several behaviors (p<0.01). Age, gender, income and education were all related to the stage of change of the studied behaviors (p<0.01). Patients with diabetes in Jordan are still in the pre-action stages for practicing exercise, consuming 5 servings or more of fruit and vegetable, and self-monitoring of blood glucose. The current finding suggests a need for nutritional education and interventions to raise awareness of lifestyle factors influencing glycemic control among diabetics. Copyright © 2012 Primary Care Diabetes Europe. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Dendrometer bands made easy: using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees

USGS Publications Warehouse

Anemaet, Evelyn R.; Middleton, Beth A.

2013-01-01

Dendrometer bands are a useful way to make sequential repeated measurements of tree growth, but traditional dendrometer bands can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to construct in the field. An alternative to the traditional method of band construction is to adapt commercially available materials. This paper describes how to construct and install dendrometer bands using smooth-edged, stainless steel, cable tie banding and attachable rollerball heads. As a performance comparison, both traditional and cable tie dendrometer bands were installed on baldcypress trees at the National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana, by both an experienced and a novice worker. Band installation times were recorded, and growth of the trees as estimated by the two band types was measured after approximately one year, demonstrating equivalence of the two methods. This efficient approach to dendrometer band construction can help advance the knowledge of long-term tree growth in ecological studies.

Impact of front-of-pack 'traffic-light' nutrition labelling on consumer food purchases in the UK.

PubMed

Sacks, Gary; Rayner, Mike; Swinburn, Boyd

2009-12-01

Front-of-pack 'traffic-light' nutrition labelling has been widely proposed as a tool to improve public health nutrition. This study examined changes to consumer food purchases after the introduction of traffic-light labels with the aim of assessing the impact of the labels on the 'healthiness' of foods purchased. The study examined sales data from a major UK retailer in 2007. We analysed products in two categories ('ready meals' and sandwiches), investigating the percentage change in sales 4 weeks before and after traffic-light labels were introduced, and taking into account seasonality, product promotions and product life-cycle. We investigated whether changes in sales were related to the healthiness of products. All products that were not new and not on promotion immediately before or after the introduction of traffic-light labels were selected for the analysis (n = 6 for ready meals and n = 12 for sandwiches). For the selected ready-meals, sales increased (by 2.4% of category sales) in the 4 weeks after the introduction of traffic-light labels, whereas sales of the selected sandwiches did not change significantly. Critically, there was no association between changes in product sales and the healthiness of the products. This short-term study based on a small number of ready meals and sandwiches found that the introduction of a system of four traffic-light labels had no discernable effect on the relative healthiness of consumer purchases. Further research on the influence of nutrition signposting will be needed before this labelling format can be considered a promising public health intervention.

Buying Ready Mades--Wardrobe Plan. Teacher's Guide and Student Materials [and] Buying Ready Mades--Purchasing.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Noyes, Joan

This document provides teaching guidelines, objectives, and student activities for a two-part unit intended for use in junior high and high school consumer and/or home economics programs. Each part of the unit requires from four to six hours of classroom time. The first part focuses on planning a wardrobe. Objectives are to help students evaluate…

Development of a partial least squares-artificial neural network (PLS-ANN) hybrid model for the prediction of consumer liking scores of ready-to-drink green tea beverages.

PubMed

Yu, Peigen; Low, Mei Yin; Zhou, Weibiao

2018-01-01

In order to develop products that would be preferred by consumers, the effects of the chemical compositions of ready-to-drink green tea beverages on consumer liking were studied through regression analyses. Green tea model systems were prepared by dosing solutions of 0.1% green tea extract with differing concentrations of eight flavour keys deemed to be important for green tea aroma and taste, based on a D-optimal experimental design, before undergoing commercial sterilisation. Sensory evaluation of the green tea model system was carried out using an untrained consumer panel to obtain hedonic liking scores of the samples. Regression models were subsequently trained to objectively predict the consumer liking scores of the green tea model systems. A linear partial least squares (PLS) regression model was developed to describe the effects of the eight flavour keys on consumer liking, with a coefficient of determination (R 2 ) of 0.733, and a root-mean-square error (RMSE) of 3.53%. The PLS model was further augmented with an artificial neural network (ANN) to establish a PLS-ANN hybrid model. The established hybrid model was found to give a better prediction of consumer liking scores, based on its R 2 (0.875) and RMSE (2.41%). Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Irradiated ready-to-eat spinach leaves: How information influences awareness towards irradiation treatment and consumer's purchase intention

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Finten, G.; Garrido, J. I.; Agüero, M. V.; Jagus, R. J.

2017-01-01

This article aims to clarify and supply further information on food irradiation acceptance, with particular focus on Argentina and irradiated ready-to-eat (RTE) spinach leaves through an open web-online survey. Results showed that half of respondents did not know food irradiation, but the other half demonstrated uncertainty despite they declared they had knowledge about it; thus, confirming little awareness towards this technology. Respondents who believed in the misleading myth about food irradiation represented 39%, while roughly the same number was doubtful. On the other hand, after supplying informative material, respondents were positively influenced and an increase in acceptance by 90% was found. Finally, 42% of respondents were willing to consume/purchase irradiated RTE spinach leaves, and 35% remained doubtful. Respondents who did not exclude to accept irradiated spinach could be considered potential consumers if intensive campaigns about the benefits of food irradiation were carried out by reliable actors. If the Argentinean RTE market grew, following the world consumption trend towards these products, irradiated spinach leaves could be successfully introduced by making better efforts to inform consumers about food irradiation.

Cost, Time, and Risk Assessment of Different Wave Energy Converter Technology Development Trajectories: Preprint

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Weber, Jochem W; Laird, Daniel; Costello, Ronan

This paper presents a comparative assessment of three fundamentally different wave energy converter technology development trajectories. The three technology development trajectories are expressed and visualised as a function of technology readiness levels and technology performance levels. The assessment shows that development trajectories that initially prioritize technology readiness over technology performance are likely to require twice the development time, consume a threefold of the development cost, and are prone to a risk of technical or commercial failure of one order of magnitude higher than those development trajectories that initially prioritize technology performance over technology readiness.

Special Report: High-Speed Data Races Home.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clark, David D.

1999-01-01

Describes the worldwide use of Internet services and the changing technology to fill consumer requirements. Explains the technology that is used to provide Internet access. Focuses on the cable TV, telephone, and satellite-based communications industries. Sees satellites, which are mostly geosynchronous, as a broadband option, which is risky from…

47 CFR 15.38 - Incorporation by reference.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., 25 West 43rd Street, 4th Floor, New York, NY 10036 or at http://webstore.ansi.org/ansidocstore/default.asp; or Society of Cable Telecommunications Engineers at http://www.scte.org/standards/index.cfm...: Consumer Electronics Association, 2500 Wilson Blvd., Arlington, VA 22201 or at http://www.ce.org...

Postprandial glucose and insulin levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients after consumption of ready-to-eat mixed meals.

PubMed

Manios, Yannis; Moschonis, George; Mavrogianni, Christina; Tsoutsoulopoulou, Konstantina; Kogkas, Stergios; Lambrinou, Christina-Paulina; Efstathopoulou, Eirini

2017-04-01

To compare the effects of three ready-to-eat mixed meals, with a high fiber content and low glycemic index, on postprandial glycemic and insulinemic response in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). The current study followed a prospective, three-way, cross-over design. Twenty-four patients with T2DM consumed three ready-to-eat mixed meals, i.e., "wild greens pie" (meal 1), "chicken burgers with boiled vegetables" (meal 2) and "vegetable moussaka" (meal 3) and an oral glucose load, all providing 50 g of carbohydrates. Venous blood was collected at 0, 30, 60, 90 and 120 min postprandial. Statistical analyses included repeated measures analysis of variance and calculations of the area under the glucose and insulin curves (AUC) for each one of the test meals and the oral glucose load. Patients consuming each one of the three mixed meals showed better postprandial glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001). Furthermore, patients consuming meal 3 showed a better insulinemic response compared to the oral glucose load and meal 1, after 60 and 120 min postprandial, respectively (P < 0.05). In addition, the increase observed in HOMA-IR values from T0 to T120 was significantly lower for meal 3, compared to the oral glucose load (P < 0.001). The three ready-to-eat mixed meals examined in the present study were found to elicit significantly lower glycemic responses compared to the oral glucose load in diabetic patients. The mixed meals examined in the present study could be proposed as effective, palatable and practical solutions for diabetics for glucose control.

Statistical analysis of modal properties of a cable-stayed bridge through long-term structural health monitoring with wireless smart sensor networks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Asadollahi, Parisa; Li, Jian

2016-04-01

Understanding the dynamic behavior of complex structures such as long-span bridges requires dense deployment of sensors. Traditional wired sensor systems are generally expensive and time-consuming to install due to cabling. With wireless communication and on-board computation capabilities, wireless smart sensor networks have the advantages of being low cost, easy to deploy and maintain and therefore facilitate dense instrumentation for structural health monitoring. A long-term monitoring project was recently carried out for a cable-stayed bridge in South Korea with a dense array of 113 smart sensors, which feature the world's largest wireless smart sensor network for civil structural monitoring. This paper presents a comprehensive statistical analysis of the modal properties including natural frequencies, damping ratios and mode shapes of the monitored cable-stayed bridge. Data analyzed in this paper is composed of structural vibration signals monitored during a 12-month period under ambient excitations. The correlation between environmental temperature and the modal frequencies is also investigated. The results showed the long-term statistical structural behavior of the bridge, which serves as the basis for Bayesian statistical updating for the numerical model.

AC HTS Transmission Cable for Integration into the Future EHV Grid of the Netherlands

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zuijderduin, R.; Chevtchenko, O.; Smit, J. J.; Aanhaanen, G.; Melnik, I.; Geschiere, A.

Due to increasing power demand, the electricity grid of the Netherlands is changing. The future grid must be capable to transmit all the connected power. Power generation will be more decentralized like for instance wind parks connected to the grid. Furthermore, future large scale production units are expected to be installed near coastal regions. This creates some potential grid issues, such as: large power amounts to be transmitted to consumers from west to east and grid stability. High temperature superconductors (HTS) can help solving these grid problems. Advantages to integrate HTS components at Extra High Voltage (EHV) and High Voltage (HV) levels are numerous: more power with less losses and less emissions, intrinsic fault current limiting capability, better control of power flow, reduced footprint, etc. Today's main obstacle is the relatively high price of HTS. Nevertheless, as the price goes down, initial market penetration for several HTS components is expected by year 2015 (e.g.: cables, fault current limiters). In this paper we present a design of intrinsically compensated EHV HTS cable for future grid integration. Discussed are the parameters of such cable providing an optimal power transmission in the future network.

Low-calorie- and calorie-sweetened beverages: diet quality, food intake, and purchase patterns of US household consumers.

PubMed

Piernas, Carmen; Mendez, Michelle A; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Popkin, Barry M

2014-03-01

Few studies have investigated the diet quality of consumers of low-calorie-sweetened (LCS) and calorie-sweetened (CS) beverages. The objective was to examine the dietary quality and adherence to dietary purchasing and consumption patterns of beverage consumers from 2000 to 2010. We analyzed purchases for 140,352 households from the Homescan longitudinal data set 2000-2010 and dietary intake from NHANES 2003-2010 (n = 34,393). We defined mutually exclusive consumer profiles as main exposures: LCS beverages, CS beverages, LCS & CS beverages, and non/low consumers. As main outcomes, we explored dietary quality by using total energy and macronutrients (kcal/d). We performed factor analyses and applied factor scores to derive dietary patterns as secondary outcomes. Using multivariable linear (NHANES) and random-effects (Homescan) models, we investigated the associations between beverage profiles and dietary patterns. We found "prudent" and "breakfast" patterns in Homescan and NHANES, "ready-to-eat meals/fast-food" and "prudent/snacks/LCS desserts" patterns in Homescan, and "protein/potatoes" and "CS desserts/sweeteners" patterns in NHANES. In both data sets, compared with non/low consumers, both CS- and LCS-beverage consumers had a significantly higher total energy from foods, higher energy from total and SFAs, and lower probability of adherence to prudent and breakfast patterns. In Homescan, LCS-beverage consumers had a higher probability of adherence to 2 distinct patterns: a prudent/snacks/LCS dessert pattern and a ready-to-eat meals/fast-food purchasing pattern. Our findings suggest that overall dietary quality is lower in LCS-, CS-, and LCS & CS-beverage consumers relative to non/low consumers. Our study highlights the importance of targeting foods that are linked with sweetened beverages (either LCS or CS) in intervention and policy efforts that aim to improve nutrition in the United States.

Consumption of ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) among Malaysian children and association with socio-demographics and nutrient intakes - findings from the MyBreakfast study.

PubMed

Mohd Nasir, Mohd Taib; Nurliyana, Abdul Razak; Norimah, A Karim; Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan B; Tan, Sue Yee; Appukutty, Mahenderan; Hopkins, Sinead; Thielecke, Frank; Ong, Moi Kim; Ning, Celia; Tee, E Siong

2017-01-01

Background : The association between different types of breakfast meals and nutrient intakes has been studied to a lesser extent. Objective : This study compared nutrient intakes at breakfast and throughout the day between Malaysian children who consumed ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) and those who did not. Methods : Anthropometric and dietary data for 1955 children aged 6-12 years from the MyBreakfast study were used in the analysis. Results : Overall, 18% of the children consumed RTEC at breakfast on at least one of the recall days. RTEC consumption was associated with younger age, urban areas, higher income and education level of parents. Among consumers, RTEC contributed 10% and 15% to daily intakes of calcium and iron respectively and ≥20% to daily intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. RTEC consumers had significantly higher mean intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron and sugar but lower intakes of fat and sodium than non-RTEC consumers at breakfast and for the total day. Conclusion : Consumption of fortified RTEC at breakfast was associated with lower fat and sodium intakes and higher intakes of several micronutrients both at breakfast and for the total day. However, total sugar intakes appeared to be higher.

Military Nutrition Research: Four Tasks to Address Personnel Readiness and Warfighter Performance

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

protein turnover and gluconeogenesis, in fit individuals expending an additional 1000 calories while consuming a hypocaloric diet (deficit of 1000... hypocaloric diet (deficit of 1000 calories) that provides 55% of total calories from carbohydrate and 1.8 g protein/kg body weight. 4. Monitor plasma...Soldier Effectiveness $11,340,567 8/1/88-7/31/92 Effect of Food, Diet and Nutrition on Military Readiness and Preparedness of Army Personnel and

Direct-to-consumer advertising of predictive genetic tests: a health belief model based examination of consumer response.

PubMed

Rollins, Brent L; Ramakrishnan, Shravanan; Perri, Matthew

2014-01-01

Direct-to-consumer (DTC) advertising of predictive genetic tests (PGTs) has added a new dimension to health advertising. This study used an online survey based on the health belief model framework to examine and more fully understand consumers' responses and behavioral intentions in response to a PGT DTC advertisement. Overall, consumers reported moderate intentions to talk with their doctor and seek more information about PGTs after advertisement exposure, though consumers did not seem ready to take the advertised test or engage in active information search. Those who perceived greater threat from the disease, however, had significantly greater behavioral intentions and information search behavior.

NREL and Sandia National Laboratories (SNL) Support of Ocean Renewable Power Company's TidGen™ Power System Technology Readiness Advancement Initiative Project

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

LiVecchi, Al

2015-05-07

This document summarizes the tasks identified for National Laboratory technical support of Ocean Renewable Power Corporation (ORPC) DOE grant awarded under the FY10 Industry Solicitation DE-FOA-0000293: Technology Readiness Advancement Initiative. The system ORPC will deploy in Cobscook Bay, ME is known as the TidGen™ Power System. The Turbine Generator Unit (TGU) each have a rated capacity of 150 to 175 kW, and they are mounted on bottom support frames and connected to an onshore substation using an underwater power and control cable. This system is designed for tidal energy applications in water depths from 60 to 150 feet. In fundingmore » provided separately by DOE, National Laboratory partners NREL and SNL will provide in-kind resources and technical expertise to help ensure that industry projects meet DOE WWPP (Wind and Water Power Program) objectives by reducing risk to these high value projects.« less

Method of Calculating the Correction Factors for Cable Dimensioning in Smart Grids

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Simutkin, M.; Tuzikova, V.; Tlusty, J.; Tulsky, V.; Muller, Z.

2017-04-01

One of the main causes of overloading electrical equipment by currents of higher harmonics is the great increasing of a number of non-linear electricity power consumers. Non-sinusoidal voltages and currents affect the operation of electrical equipment, reducing its lifetime, increases the voltage and power losses in the network, reducing its capacity. There are standards that respects emissions amount of higher harmonics current that cannot provide interference limit for a safe level in power grid. The article presents a method for determining a correction factor to the long-term allowable current of the cable, which allows for this influence. Using mathematical models in the software Elcut, it was described thermal processes in the cable in case the flow of non-sinusoidal current. Developed in the article theoretical principles, methods, mathematical models allow us to calculate the correction factor to account for the effect of higher harmonics in the current spectrum for network equipment in any type of non-linear load.

Dendrometer bands made easy: Using modified cable ties to measure incremental growth of trees1

PubMed Central

Anemaet, Evelyn R.; Middleton, Beth A.

2013-01-01

• Premise of the study: Dendrometer bands are a useful way to make sequential repeated measurements of tree growth, but traditional dendrometer bands can be expensive, time consuming, and difficult to construct in the field. An alternative to the traditional method of band construction is to adapt commercially available materials. This paper describes how to construct and install dendrometer bands using smooth-edged, stainless steel, cable tie banding and attachable rollerball heads. • Methods and Results: As a performance comparison, both traditional and cable tie dendrometer bands were installed on baldcypress trees at the National Wetlands Research Center in Lafayette, Louisiana, by both an experienced and a novice worker. Band installation times were recorded, and growth of the trees as estimated by the two band types was measured after approximately one year, demonstrating equivalence of the two methods. • Conclusions: This efficient approach to dendrometer band construction can help advance the knowledge of long-term tree growth in ecological studies. PMID:25202589

Cable Communications Revolution. Future: Broadband Communications, Local Origination.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Peters, Robert W.

The revolution in two-way broadband communications envisioned for the future includes remote access to libraries, interactive educational programing, shopping at home, personal and property security, and many other services limited only by man's imagination and his ability to deliver the service at a price the consumer is willing and able to pay.…

76 FR 60765 - Mail or Telephone Order Merchandise Rule

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-30

... access, not telephone dial-up. \\19\\ U.S. Census Bureau, E-Stats, 2007 E-Commerce Multi-Sector Report, May... Shopping and Mail-Order Houses--Total and E-Commerce Sales by Merchandise Line: 2006-2007. Second, consumer... buyers access the Internet (e.g., dial-up telephone modem, cable, or wireless); (2) allow sellers to...

77 FR 9187 - Carriage of Digital Television Broadcast Signals: Amendment to the Commission's Rules

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-16

... broadcast programming without changing the viewing device. \\21\\ Viewability Order at para. 31. \\22... carry'' rules and to all consumers of television programming. The Commission noted that, [i]f cable... impact of these lost programming options would fall most heavily on those that most need them: The...

An Empirical Approach to Determining Advertising Spending Level.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sunoo, D. H.; Lin, Lynn Y. S.

To assess the relationship between advertising and consumer promotion and to determine the optimal short-term advertising spending level for a product, a research project was undertaken by a major food manufacturer. One thousand homes subscribing to a dual-system cable television service received either no advertising exposure to the product or…

Consumer Age as a Predictor of Videotex Adoption.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dozier, David M.; Hellweg, Susan A.

Two studies are reported that tested the effects of age with the predisposition to adopt videotex services. The first study, conducted in April 1982, consisted of 478 telephone interviews of Cox Cable subscribers in San Diego. The second study, conducted in summer 1982, consisted of face-to-face interviews with 107 respondents, selected through…

The relationship of breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight/obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome in young adults. NHANES 1999-2006

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

The goal of this study was to examine the association between breakfast skipping and type of breakfast consumed with overweight /obesity, abdominal obesity, other cardiometabolic risk factors and the metabolic syndrome. Three breakfast groups were identified (breakfast skippers, ready-to-eat-cereal ...

Viability of Listeria monocytogenes surface inoculated onto slices of pork scrapple during storage at 4 Degrees, 10 Degrees, and 21 Degrees C

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We evaluated the fate of Listeria monocytogenes on scrapple, a regionally-popular, ready-to-eat (RTE) savory mush of pork trimmings, cornmeal, and flour. We also conducted an informal survey to address consumer practices for storing and reheating scrapple. Regarding the survey, of some 125 consumers...

Consumables data base workbook: Formulation of consumables management models

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zamora, M. A.

1977-01-01

Activity consumables data specifications and data applications are presented. The data are structured in a series of "Consumable Data Worksheets" for each activity that includes a profile of its operations and the rate of each consumable required to support the given activity. The data worksheets provide for the uniform specification of consumables data, allows for the ready identification of the consumables affected by a given activity, and facilitates the updating process. An activity is defined and the data that must be included in the data worksheets are specified. An example of its use and application is given, i.e. consumables data requirements for the performance of the EVA. The consumables data for the activities currently identified for the shuttle spacecraft are included. The consumables data sources are identified and information to facilitate the maintenance process is detailed.

The psychometric properties of the Readiness and Motivation Questionnaire: a symptom-specific measure of readiness for change in the eating disorders.

PubMed

Geller, Josie; Brown, Krista E; Srikameswaran, Suja; Piper, William; Dunn, Erin C

2013-09-01

Readiness for change, as assessed by the readiness and motivation interview (RMI), predicts a number of clinical outcome variables in eating disorders including enrollment in intensive treatment, symptom change, dropout, and relapse. Although clinically useful, the training and administration of the RMI is time consuming. The purpose of this research was to (a) develop a self-report, symptom-specific version of the RMI, the readiness and motivation questionnaire (RMQ), that can be used to assess readiness for change across all eating disorder diagnoses and (b) establish its psychometric properties. The RMQ provides stage of change, internality, and confidence scores for each of 4 eating disorder symptom domains (restriction, bingeing, and cognitive and compensatory behaviors). Individuals (N = 244) with current eating disorder diagnoses completed the RMQ and measures of convergent, discriminant, and criterion validity. Similar to the RMI scores, readiness scores on the RMQ differed according to symptom domain. Regarding criterion validity, RMQ scores were significantly associated with ratings of anticipated difficulty of recovery activities and completion of recovery activities. The RMQ contributed significant unique variance to anticipated difficulty of recovery activities, beyond those accounted for by the RMI and a questionnaire measure of global readiness. The RMQ is thus an acceptable alternative to the RMI, providing global and domain-specific readiness information when time or cost prohibits use of an interview.

United States Marine Corps Expeditionary Energy Strategy and Implementation Plan

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-02-01

Support System (NTCSS, OOMA/OIMA), and Aircraft Inventory Readiness and Reporting System (AIRRS) data in the Naval Aviation Logistics Data Analysis...Corps’ share is used for operational purposes—fuel for training, moving and sustaining our forces, aircraft and weapons platforms .1 Within this, and...this 75% was consumed by ‘ground forces,’ which includes use by vehicles, generators, and other sustainment equipment . Aircraft consumed

Cross-cultural acceptance of a traditional yoghurt-like product made from fermented cereal.

PubMed

Akissoé, Noël H; Sacca, Carole; Declemy, Anne-Laure; Bechoff, Aurelie; Anihouvi, Victor B; Dalodé, Générose; Pallet, Dominique; Fliedel, Géneviève; Mestres, Christian; Hounhouigan, Joseph D; Tomlins, Keith I

2015-07-01

Akpan is a traditional ready-to-drink fermented yoghurt-like cereal beverage consumed in urban and rural areas in Benin. With the aim of adapting the product to new local and export markets, this work maps African and European consumer preferences for different types of Akpan. A sensory profile of Akpan was created and consumer tests were conducted with 103 consumers of African origin and 74 consumers of European origin. Consumer acceptance was significantly correlated with fermented odour (r = -0.94) and milky taste (r = 0.92-0.97) attributes. Cluster analysis revealed different behaviour by African and European consumers with respect to acceptability of Akpan; European consumers did not like the sour taste and African consumers liked an intense sweet milky taste. This study provides information on how Akpan, and other fermented yoghurt-type cereal products, could be adapted to African and European consumer preferences. © 2014 Society of Chemical Industry.

Consumption of ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) among Malaysian children and association with socio-demographics and nutrient intakes – findings from the MyBreakfast study

PubMed Central

Mohd Nasir, Mohd Taib; Nurliyana, Abdul Razak; Norimah, A. Karim; Jan Mohamed, Hamid Jan B.; Tan, Sue Yee; Appukutty, Mahenderan; Hopkins, Sinead; Thielecke, Frank; Ong, Moi Kim; Ning, Celia; Tee, E. Siong

2017-01-01

ABSTRACT Background: The association between different types of breakfast meals and nutrient intakes has been studied to a lesser extent. Objective: This study compared nutrient intakes at breakfast and throughout the day between Malaysian children who consumed ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) and those who did not. Methods: Anthropometric and dietary data for 1955 children aged 6–12 years from the MyBreakfast study were used in the analysis. Results: Overall, 18% of the children consumed RTEC at breakfast on at least one of the recall days. RTEC consumption was associated with younger age, urban areas, higher income and education level of parents. Among consumers, RTEC contributed 10% and 15% to daily intakes of calcium and iron respectively and ≥20% to daily intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin and niacin. RTEC consumers had significantly higher mean intakes of vitamin C, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, calcium, iron and sugar but lower intakes of fat and sodium than non-RTEC consumers at breakfast and for the total day. Conclusion: Consumption of fortified RTEC at breakfast was associated with lower fat and sodium intakes and higher intakes of several micronutrients both at breakfast and for the total day. However, total sugar intakes appeared to be higher. PMID:28469545

7 CFR 70.51 - Form of grademark and information required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND STANDARDS UNDER THE AGRICULTURAL MARKETING ACT OF 1946 AND THE EGG PRODUCTS INSPECTION ACT... individually to ready-to-cook poultry, rabbits, and specified poultry food products for which consumer grades...

Digging the Ego State for Communication Data.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Clucas, Eric

Advertisers have leaned heavily upon researchers to answer the question of what the advertisers get for the money they spend. Researchers have used a wide variety of methods, including a split cable simulated test market. Wilder Penfield's 1950s research may help other researchers better understand what goes on in the mind of consumers as a result…

Low-calorie- and calorie-sweetened beverages: diet quality, food intake, and purchase patterns of US household consumers123

PubMed Central

Piernas, Carmen; Mendez, Michelle A; Ng, Shu Wen; Gordon-Larsen, Penny; Popkin, Barry M

2014-01-01

Background: Few studies have investigated the diet quality of consumers of low-calorie-sweetened (LCS) and calorie-sweetened (CS) beverages. Objective: The objective was to examine the dietary quality and adherence to dietary purchasing and consumption patterns of beverage consumers from 2000 to 2010. Design: We analyzed purchases for 140,352 households from the Homescan longitudinal data set 2000–2010 and dietary intake from NHANES 2003–2010 (n = 34,393). We defined mutually exclusive consumer profiles as main exposures: LCS beverages, CS beverages, LCS & CS beverages, and non/low consumers. As main outcomes, we explored dietary quality by using total energy and macronutrients (kcal/d). We performed factor analyses and applied factor scores to derive dietary patterns as secondary outcomes. Using multivariable linear (NHANES) and random-effects (Homescan) models, we investigated the associations between beverage profiles and dietary patterns. Results: We found “prudent” and “breakfast” patterns in Homescan and NHANES, “ready-to-eat meals/fast-food” and “prudent/snacks/LCS desserts” patterns in Homescan, and “protein/potatoes” and “CS desserts/sweeteners” patterns in NHANES. In both data sets, compared with non/low consumers, both CS- and LCS-beverage consumers had a significantly higher total energy from foods, higher energy from total and SFAs, and lower probability of adherence to prudent and breakfast patterns. In Homescan, LCS-beverage consumers had a higher probability of adherence to 2 distinct patterns: a prudent/snacks/LCS dessert pattern and a ready-to-eat meals/fast-food purchasing pattern. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that overall dietary quality is lower in LCS-, CS-, and LCS & CS–beverage consumers relative to non/low consumers. Our study highlights the importance of targeting foods that are linked with sweetened beverages (either LCS or CS) in intervention and policy efforts that aim to improve nutrition in the United States. PMID:24351878

Pharmacokinetics of Caffeine following a Single Administration of Coffee Enema versus Oral Coffee Consumption in Healthy Male Subjects

PubMed Central

Tosri, Nisanuch; Rojanasthien, Noppamas; Srichairatanakool, Somdet; Sangdee, Chaichan

2013-01-01

The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of caffeine after single administration of a coffee enema versus coffee consumed orally in healthy male subjects. The study design was an open-label, randomized two-phase crossover study. Eleven healthy subjects were randomly assigned either to receive 500 mL of coffee enema for 10 minutes or to consume 180 mL of ready-to-drink coffee beverage. After a washout period of at least 10 days, all the subjects were switched to receive the alternate coffee procedure. Blood samples were collected immediately before and at specific time points until 12 hours after coffee administration in each phase. The mean caffeine content in both the coffee solution prepared for the coffee enema and the ready-to-drink coffee beverage was not statistically different. The C max and AUC of caffeine obtained from the coffee enema were about 3.5 times significantly less than those of the coffee consumed orally, despite having slightly but statistically faster T max. The t 1/2 of caffeine obtained following both coffee procedures did not statistically differ. In summary, the relative bioavailability of caffeine obtained from the coffee enema was about 3.5 times significantly less than those of the coffee consumed orally. PMID:23533801

Consumers' readiness to eat a plant-based diet.

PubMed

Lea, E J; Crawford, D; Worsley, A

2006-03-01

The aim of this study was to examine consumers' readiness to change to a plant-based diet. Mail survey that included questions on readiness to change, eating habits and perceived benefits and barriers to the consumption of a plant-based diet. Victoria, Australia. A total of 415 randomly selected adults. In terms of their readiness to eat a plant-based diet, the majority (58%) of participants were in the precontemplation stage of change, while 14% were in contemplation/preparation, and 28% in action/maintenance. Those in the action/maintenance stage ate more fruit, vegetables, nuts, seeds, whole-meal bread, and cooked cereals than those in earlier stages. There were statistically significant differences in age and vegetarian status between the stages of change, but not for other demographic variables. There were strong differences across the stages of change with regard to perceived benefits and barriers to plant-based diets. For example, those in action/maintenance scored highest for benefit factors associated with well-being, weight, health, convenience and finances, whereas those in the precontemplation stage did not recognise such benefits. These findings can be utilised to help provide appropriate nutrition education and advertising, targeted at specific stages of change. For example, education about how it is possible to obtain iron and protein from a plant-based diet and on the benefits of change, in addition to tips on how to make a gradual, easy transition to a plant-based diet, could help progress precontemplators to later stages. Australian Research Council.

Ultrastrong Graphene-Copper Core-Shell Wires for High-Performance Electrical Cables.

PubMed

Kim, Sang Jin; Shin, Dong Heon; Choi, Yong Seok; Rho, Hokyun; Park, Min; Moon, Byung Joon; Kim, Youngsoo; Lee, Seuoung-Ki; Lee, Dong Su; Kim, Tae-Wook; Lee, Sang Hyun; Kim, Keun Soo; Hong, Byung Hee; Bae, Sukang

2018-03-27

Recent development in mobile electronic devices and electric vehicles requires electrical wires with reduced weight as well as enhanced stability. In addition, since electric energy is mostly generated from power plants located far from its consuming places, mechanically stronger and higher electric power transmission cables are strongly demanded. However, there has been no alternative materials that can practically replace copper materials. Here, we report a method to prepare ultrastrong graphene fibers (GFs)-Cu core-shell wires with significantly enhanced electrical and mechanical properties. The core GFs are synthesized by chemical vapor deposition, followed by electroplating of Cu shells, where the large surface area of GFs in contact with Cu maximizes the mechanical toughness of the core-shell wires. At the same time, the unique electrical and thermal characteristics of graphene allow a ∼10 times higher current density limit, providing more efficient and reliable delivery of electrical energies through the GFs-Cu wires. We believe that our results would be useful to overcome the current limit in electrical wires and cables for lightweight, energy-saving, and high-power applications.

Older Adult Consumer Knowledge, Attitudes, and Self-Reported Storage Practices of Ready-to-Eat Food Products and Risks Associated with Listeriosis.

PubMed

Evans, Ellen W; Redmond, Elizabeth C

2016-02-01

Consumer implementation of recommended food safety practices, specifically relating to time and temperature control of ready-to-eat (RTE) food products associated with listeriosis are crucial. This is particularly the case for at-risk consumers such as older adults, given the increased listeriosis incidence reported internationally among adults aged ≥60 years. However, data detailing older adults' cognitive risk factors associated with listeriosis are lacking. Combining data about knowledge, self-reported practices, and attitudes can achieve a cumulative multilayered in-depth understanding of consumer food safety behavior and cognition. This study aims to ascertain older adults' cognition and behavior in relation to domestic food handling and storage practices that may increase the risks associated with L. monocytogenes. Older adults (≥60 years) (n = 100) participated in an interview and questionnaire to determine knowledge, self-reported practices, and attitudes toward recommended practices. Although the majority (79%) had positive attitudes toward refrigeration, 84% were unaware of recommended temperatures (5°C) and 65% self-reported "never" checking their refrigerator temperature. Although most (72%) knew that "use-by" dates indicate food safety and 62% reported "always" taking note, neutral attitudes were held, with 67% believing it was safe to eat food beyond use-by dates and 57% reporting doing so. Attitudes toward consuming foods within the recommended 2 days of opening were neutral, with 55% aware of recommendations and , 84% reporting that they consume RTE foods beyond recommendations. Although knowledgeable of some key practices, older adults self-reported potentially unsafe practices when storing RTE foods at home, which may increase risks associated with L. monocytogenes. This study has determined that older adults' food safety cognition may affect their behaviors; understanding consumer food safety cognition is essential for developing targeted food safety education.

Consumption of ready-made meals and increased risk of obesity: findings from the Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg (ORISCAV-LUX) study.

PubMed

Alkerwi, Ala'a; Crichton, Georgina E; Hébert, James R

2015-01-28

The consumption of ready-made meals, such as pre-packaged dishes, available at grocery stores and fast-food restaurants, is a habit related to our modern fast-paced lives. No study has examined the association of daily ready-made meal consumption with diet quality or health-related outcomes. The present study aimed to investigate the association between self-reported ready-made meal consumption and diet quality, as measured by compliance with dietary recommendations and with a set of adiposity measures, in a nationally representative sample of 1352 subjects, aged 18-69 years, participating in the nationwide population-based ORISCAV-LUX (Observation of Cardiovascular Risk Factors in Luxembourg) survey. The daily consumption of ready-made meals was calculated as follows: frequency of consumption × portion size × number of portions consumed. The sum of the daily consumption values of the eleven pre-packaged dishes included in the FFQ represented the total daily consumption of ready-made meals (g/d) for each participant. About 97% of the participants reported daily consumption of ready-made meals. The intake was highly prevalent in men living alone and varied according to education level. Ready-made meal consumption provided >7% of total daily energy. The fractions (%) of macro- and micronutrients derived from daily consumption of ready-made meals varied from 10% for total cholesterol to 0.65% for total fibre. Increased consumption of ready-made meals was found to be independently associated with abdominal obesity. On controlling for age, sex, socio-economic status and lifestyle factors, daily consumption of ready-made meals was found to be associated with higher energy intake and with poor compliance with national nutritional recommendations, and hence it could plausibly increase the risk of central obesity and fat deposition.

High microbial loads found in minimally-processed sliced mushrooms from Italian market.

PubMed

Jiang, Haiyang; Miraglia, Dino; Ranucci, David; Donnini, Domizia; Roila, Rossana; Branciari, Raffaella; Li, Cheng

2018-03-31

There is an increased consumer interest in minimally processed vegetables that has led to the development of products, such as pre-cut sliced mushrooms. Few data are available on the hygienic condition and the presence of foodborne pathogens in such products. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the safety and hygienic characteristics of both ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook, pre-cut sliced mushrooms obtained from a local Italian market. For the evaluation of the hygienic condition, the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria and Escherichia coli enumerations were performed. Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. were considered in the assessment of the foodborne pathogens. High microbial loads were detected, including counts higher than 5 log CFU/g for E. coli and 6 log CFU/g for the other bacteria counts considered, but no pathogens were found. Ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products differed only for aerobic mesophilic counts (7.87 and 8.26 log CFU/g, respectively, P=0.003). Strategies to enhance the hygienic level of the mushrooms, particularly the ready-to-eat products, are needed.

High microbial loads found in minimally-processed sliced mushrooms from Italian market

PubMed Central

Jiang, Haiyang; Miraglia, Dino; Ranucci, David; Donnini, Domizia; Roila, Rossana; Branciari, Raffaella; Li, Cheng

2018-01-01

There is an increased consumer interest in minimally processed vegetables that has led to the development of products, such as pre-cut sliced mushrooms. Few data are available on the hygienic condition and the presence of foodborne pathogens in such products. Therefore, the current study aimed to evaluate the safety and hygienic characteristics of both ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook, pre-cut sliced mushrooms obtained from a local Italian market. For the evaluation of the hygienic condition, the aerobic mesophilic bacteria, aerobic psychrotrophic bacteria and Escherichia coli enumerations were performed. Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes and Campylobacter spp. were considered in the assessment of the foodborne pathogens. High microbial loads were detected, including counts higher than 5 log CFU/g for E. coli and 6 log CFU/g for the other bacteria counts considered, but no pathogens were found. Ready-to-eat and ready-to-cook products differed only for aerobic mesophilic counts (7.87 and 8.26 log CFU/g, respectively, P=0.003). Strategies to enhance the hygienic level of the mushrooms, particularly the ready-to-eat products, are needed. PMID:29732334

Are ready-to-eat salads ready to eat? An outbreak of Salmonella Coeln linked to imported, mixed, pre-washed and bagged salad, Norway, November 2013.

PubMed

Vestrheim, D F; Lange, H; Nygård, K; Borgen, K; Wester, A L; Kvarme, M L; Vold, L

2016-06-01

We investigated a nationwide outbreak of Salmonella Coeln in Norway, including 26 cases identified between 20 October 2013 and 4 January 2014. We performed a matched case-control study, environmental investigation and detailed traceback of food purchases to identify the source of the outbreak. In the case-control study, cases were found to be more likely than controls to have consumed a ready-to-eat salad mix (matched odds ratio 20, 95% confidence interval 2·7-∞). By traceback of purchases one brand of ready-to-eat salad was indicated, but all environmental samples were negative for Salmonella. This outbreak underlines that pre-washed and bagged salads carry a risk of infection despite thorough cleaning procedures by the importer. To further reduce the risk of infection by consumption of ready-to-eat salads product quality should be ensured by importers. Outbreaks linked to salads reinforce the importance of implementation of appropriate food safety management systems, including good practices in lettuce production.

Quantitative assessment of citric acid in lemon juice, lime juice, and commercially-available fruit juice products.

PubMed

Penniston, Kristina L; Nakada, Stephen Y; Holmes, Ross P; Assimos, Dean G

2008-03-01

Knowledge of the citric acid content of beverages may be useful in nutrition therapy for calcium urolithiasis, especially among patients with hypocitraturia. Citrate is a naturally-occurring inhibitor of urinary crystallization; achieving therapeutic urinary citrate concentration is one clinical target in the medical management of calcium urolithiasis. When provided as fluids, beverages containing citric acid add to the total volume of urine, reducing its saturation of calcium and other crystals, and may enhance urinary citrate excretion. Information on the citric acid content of fruit juices and commercially-available formulations is not widely known. We evaluated the citric acid concentration of various fruit juices. The citric acid content of 21 commercially-available juices and juice concentrates and the juice of three types of fruits was analyzed using ion chromatography. Lemon juice and lime juice are rich sources of citric acid, containing 1.44 and 1.38 g/oz, respectively. Lemon and lime juice concentrates contain 1.10 and 1.06 g/oz, respectively. The citric acid content of commercially available lemonade and other juice products varies widely, ranging from 0.03 to 0.22 g/oz. Lemon and lime juice, both from the fresh fruit and from juice concentrates, provide more citric acid per liter than ready-to-consume grapefruit juice, ready-to-consume orange juice, and orange juice squeezed from the fruit. Ready-to-consume lemonade formulations and those requiring mixing with water contain < or =6 times the citric acid, on an ounce-for-ounce basis, of lemon and lime juice.

Formulation of detailed consumables management models for the development (preoperational) period of advanced space transportation system. Volume 2: Consumables data base workbook

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Zamora, M. A.

1976-01-01

The consumables characteristic data associated with the performance of the mission activities required by the mission planning processor are defined to calculate the consumables requirements. The activity data is defined in terms of discrete time periods having a distinct rate for each consumable required to support the performance of a given operation. The data is structured in a series of consumable data worksheets for each activity that includes a profile of its operations and the rate of each consumable required to support the given activity. The data worksheets provide for the uniform specification of consumables data, allows for the ready identification of the consumables affected by a given activity, and facilitates the updating process. An activity and the data that must be included in the data worksheets are defined and an example of its use and application the consumables data requirements for the performance of the EVA are presented.

Beyond signal functions in global obstetric care: Using a clinical cascade to measure emergency obstetric readiness

PubMed Central

Dettinger, Julia; Calkins, Kimberly; Kibore, Minnie; Gachuno, Onesmus; Walker, Dilys

2018-01-01

Background Globally, the rate of reduction in delivery-associated maternal and perinatal mortality has been slow compared to improvements in post-delivery mortality in children under five. Improving clinical readiness for basic obstetric emergencies is crucial for reducing facility-based maternal deaths. Emergency readiness is commonly assessed using tracers derived from the maternal signal functions model. Objective-method We compare emergency readiness using the signal functions model and a novel clinical cascade. The cascades model readiness as the proportion of facilities with resources to identify the emergency (stage 1), treat it (stage 2) and monitor-modify therapy (stage 3). Data were collected from 44 Kenyan clinics as part of an implementation trial. Findings Although most facilities (77.0%) stock maternal signal function tracer drugs, far fewer have resources to practically identify and treat emergencies. In hypertensive emergencies for example, 38.6% of facilities have resources to identify the emergency (Stage 1 readiness, including sphygmomanometer, stethoscope, urine collection device, protein test). 6.8% have the resources to treat the emergency (Stage 2, consumables (IV Kit, fluids), durable goods (IV pole) and drugs (magnesium sulfate and hydralazine). No facilities could monitor or modify therapy (Stage 3). Across five maternal emergencies, the signal functions overestimate readiness by 54.5%. A consistent, step-wise pattern of readiness loss across signal functions and care stage emerged and was profoundly consistent at 33.0%. Significance Comparing estimates from the maternal signal functions and cascades illustrates four themes. First, signal functions overestimate practical readiness by 55%. Second, the cascade’s intuitive indicators can support cross-sector health system or program planners to more precisely measure and improve emergency care. Third, adding few variables to existing readiness inventories permits step-wise modeling of readiness loss and can inform more precise interventions. Fourth, the novel aggregate readiness loss indicator provides an innovative and intuitive approach for modeling health system emergency readiness. Additional testing in diverse contexts is warranted. PMID:29474397

Models of care for musculoskeletal health: a cross-sectional qualitative study of Australian stakeholders' perspectives on relevance and standardised evaluation.

PubMed

Briggs, Andrew M; Jordan, Joanne E; Speerin, Robyn; Jennings, Matthew; Bragge, Peter; Chua, Jason; Slater, Helen

2015-11-16

The prevalence and impact of musculoskeletal conditions are predicted to rapidly escalate in the coming decades. Effective strategies are required to minimise 'evidence-practice', 'burden-policy' and 'burden-service' gaps and optimise health system responsiveness for sustainable, best-practice healthcare. One mechanism by which evidence can be translated into practice and policy is through Models of Care (MoCs), which provide a blueprint for health services planning and delivery. While evidence supports the effectiveness of musculoskeletal MoCs for improving health outcomes and system efficiencies, no standardised national approach to evaluation in terms of their 'readiness' for implementation and 'success' after implementation, is yet available. Further, the value assigned to MoCs by end users is uncertain. This qualitative study aimed to explore end users' views on the relevance of musculoskeletal MoCs to their work and value of a standardised evaluation approach. A cross-sectional qualitative study was undertaken. Subject matter experts (SMEs) with health, policy and administration and consumer backgrounds were drawn from three Australian states. A semi-structured interview schedule was developed and piloted to explore perceptions about musculoskeletal MoCs including: i) aspects important to their work (or life, for consumers) ii) usefulness of standardised evaluation frameworks to judge 'readiness' and 'success' and iii) challenges associated with standardised evaluation. Verbatim transcripts were analysed by two researchers using a grounded theory approach to derive key themes. Twenty-seven SMEs (n = 19; 70.4 % female) including five (18.5 %) consumers participated in the study. MoCs were perceived as critical for influencing and initiating changes to best-practice healthcare planning and delivery and providing practical guidance on how to implement and evaluate services. A 'readiness' evaluation framework assessing whether critical components across the health system had been considered prior to implementation was strongly supported, while 'success' was perceived as an already familiar evaluation concept. Perceived challenges associated with standardised evaluation included identifying, defining and measuring key 'readiness' and 'success' indicators; impacts of systems and context changes; cost; meaningful stakeholder consultation and developing a widely applicable framework. A standardised evaluation framework that includes a strong focus on 'readiness' is important to ensure successful and sustainable implementation of musculoskeletal MoCs.

Consumer Perceptions of the Safety of Ready-to-Eat Foods in Retail Food Store Settings.

PubMed

Levine, Katrina; Yavelak, Mary; Luchansky, John B; Porto-Fett, Anna C S; Chapman, Benjamin

2017-08-01

To better understand how consumers perceive food safety risks in retail food store settings, a survey was administered to 1,041 nationally representative participants who evaluated possible food safety risks depicted in selected photographs and self-reported their perceptions, attitudes, and behaviors. Participants were shown 12 photographs taken at retail stores portraying either commonly perceived or actual food safety contributing factors, such as cross-contamination, product and equipment temperatures, worker hygiene, and/or store sanitation practices. Participants were then asked to specifically identify what they saw, comment as to whether what they saw was safe or unsafe, and articulate what actions they would take in response to these situations. In addition to the survey, focus groups were employed to supplement survey findings with qualitative data. Survey respondents identified risk factors for six of nine actual contributing factor photographs >50% of the time: poor produce storage sanitation (86%, n = 899), cross-contamination during meat slicing (72%, n = 750), bare-hand contact of ready-to-eat food in the deli area (67%, n = 698), separation of raw and ready-to-eat food in the seafood case (63%, n = 660), cross-contamination from serving utensils in the deli case (62%, n = 644), and incorrect product storage temperature (51%, n = 528). On a scale of 1 to 5, where 1 was very unsafe and 5 was very safe, a significant difference was found between average risk perception scores for photographs of actual contributing factors (score of ca. 2.5) and scores for photographs of perceived contributing factors (score of ca. 2.0). Themes from the focus groups supported the results of the survey and provided additional insight into consumer food safety risk perceptions. The results of this study inform communication interventions for consumers and retail food safety professionals aimed at improving hazard identification.

75 FR 9691 - Review of the Commission's Program Access Rules and Examination of Programming Tying Arrangements

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-03-03

... collection requirements subject to the Paperwork Reduction Act of 1995 (PRA), Public Law 104-13 (44 U.S.C... to the Small Business Paperwork Relief Act of 2002, Public Law 107-198, see 44 U.S.C. 3506(c)(4), we... Cable Television Consumer Protection and Competition Act of 1992, Public Law 102-385, 106 Stat. 1460...

Development of a ginger-based appetizer in the form of ready-to-reconstitute mix and ready-to-drink beverage.

PubMed

Wadikar, D D; Madhura, C V; Premavalli, K S

2011-06-01

Ginger is well known as gastric stimulant and the curd is consumed for its probiotic properties. Based on these two functional ingredients, an appetizer drink mix has been developed and optimized for its ingredient composition with the help of response surface methodology. The appetizer mix is cold water reconstitutable and provides 77 kCal per serving of 100 ml. The dry appetizer mix was modified by replacing the curd powder with fresh curd and was processed at 95 °C for 30 sec and aseptically packed as a ready-to-drink beverage. The product has a shelf-life of 6 months at ambient conditions in both forms. The product was very well accepted during field trials at army units.

Special Handling for Ready-to-Eat, Refrigerated Foods: Reducing the Risks of Foodborne Listeria

MedlinePlus

... Vaccines, Blood & Biologics Animal & Veterinary Cosmetics Tobacco Products Food Home Food Resources for You Consumers Preventing Listeria ... are called shelf stable. Follow These Steps For Food Safety Clean: Wash your hands before, during and ...

Building Change Readiness Practices for Information Technology Support Staff

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Perkins, Dianna Joseph

2014-01-01

With the turbulent economic conditions of the healthcare market, organizational leaders are faced with significant factors driving unprecedented change. Healthcare organizations are challenged with reimbursement reductions, high costs, modification of government regulations, and demanding healthcare consumers. Survival for healthcare organizations…

DUMAND-II (deep underwater muon and neutrino detector) progress report

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Young, K.K.; The DUMAND Collaboration

1995-07-10

The DUMAND II detector will search for astronomical sources of high energy neutrinos. Successful deployment of the basic infrastructure, including the shore cable, the underwater junction box, and an environmental module was accomplished in December, 1993. One optical module string was also deployed and operated, logging data for about 10 hours. The underwater cable was connected to the shore station where we were able to successfully exercise system controls and log further environmental data. After this time, water leaking into the electronics control module for the deployed string disabled the string electrical system. The acquired data are consistent with themore » expected rate of downgoing muons, and our ability to reconstruct muons was demonstrated. The measured acoustical backgrounds are consistent with expectation, which should allow acoustical detection of nearby PeV particle cascades. The disabled string has been recovered and is undergoing repairs ashore. We have identified the source of the water leak and implemented additional testing and QC procedures to ensure no repetition in our next deployment. We will be ready to deploy three strings and begin continuous data taking in late 1994 or early 1995. {copyright} {ital 1995} {ital American} {ital Institute} {ital of} {ital Physics}.« less

DFACS - DATABASE, FORMS AND APPLICATIONS FOR CABLING AND SYSTEMS, VERSION 3.30

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billitti, J. W.

1994-01-01

DFACS is an interactive multi-user computer-aided engineering tool for system level electrical integration and cabling engineering. The purpose of the program is to provide the engineering community with a centralized database for entering and accessing system functional definitions, subsystem and instrument-end circuit pinout details, and harnessing data. The primary objective is to provide an instantaneous single point of information interchange, thus avoiding error-prone, time-consuming, and costly multiple-path data shuttling. The DFACS program, which is centered around a single database, has built-in menus that provide easy data input and access for all involved system, subsystem, and cabling personnel. The DFACS program allows parallel design of circuit data sheets and harness drawings. It also recombines raw information to automatically generate various project documents and drawings including the Circuit Data Sheet Index, the Electrical Interface Circuits List, Assembly and Equipment Lists, Electrical Ground Tree, Connector List, Cable Tree, Cabling Electrical Interface and Harness Drawings, Circuit Data Sheets, and ECR List of Affected Interfaces/Assemblies. Real time automatic production of harness drawings and circuit data sheets from the same data reservoir ensures instant system and cabling engineering design harmony. DFACS also contains automatic wire routing procedures and extensive error checking routines designed to minimize the possibility of engineering error. DFACS is designed to run on DEC VAX series computers under VMS using Version 6.3/01 of INGRES QUEL/OSL, a relational database system which is available through Relational Technology, Inc. The program is available in VAX BACKUP format on a 1600 BPI 9-track magnetic tape (standard media) or a TK50 tape cartridge. DFACS was developed in 1987 and last updated in 1990. DFACS is a copyrighted work with all copyright vested in NASA. DEC, VAX and VMS are trademarks of Digital Equipment Corporation. INGRES QUEL/OSL is a trademark of Relational Technology, Inc.

Prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in street vended ready-to-eat meats in Windhoek, Namibia.

PubMed

Shiningeni, Daphney; Chimwamurombe, Percy; Shilangale, Renatus; Misihairabgwi, Jane

2018-05-31

To determine the prevalence of pathogenic bacteria in street vended ready-to-eat meats in Windhoek, Namibia, a total of 96 street vended ready to eat meat samples were evaluated. Prevalences of 42%, 52%, 15%, 6% and 83% were observed for Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes, Shigella and Enterobacteriaceae respectively, while the highest aerobic plate counts were 7.74 Log 10 cfu/g, 5.67 Log 10 cfu/g, 5.12 Log 10 cfu/g , 4.56 Log 10 cfu/g, 3.3 Log 10 cfu/g, 5.75 Log 10 cfu/g respectively. Unsatisfactory microbial levels were 32% for aerobic plate count, 26% for Enterobacteriaceae, 35% for Escherichia coli, 11% for Listeria monocytogenes, 7% for Staphylococcus aureus and 6% for Shigella. Salmonella was detected in 11% and 40% of samples from two suburbs. The unsatisfactory microbiological quality of some ready-to-eat meats necessitates the provision of training on food safety and hygiene to street vendors for consumer protection. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Main meal quality in Brazil and United Kingdom: Similarities and differences.

PubMed

Gorgulho, Bartira Mendes; Pot, Gerda Karolien; Sarti, Flavia Mori; Marchioni, Dirce Maria

2017-04-01

Consumption of fast food and ready-to-eat meals has been positively associated with obesity. In the UK, ready-made meals are more often consumed than in Brazil, a country in which nutrition transition is relatively low. This study aimed to compare the nutritional quality of the main meal consumed by adults in Brazil and UK. Food record data was obtained from representative samples from UK and Brazil databases. The Main Meal Quality Index (MMQI) was applied to estimate the quality of the main meal consumed in Brazil and UK. Differences in food groups consumed in the main meal in Brazil and UK were observed using classification decision tree. Meals with higher average energy content were lunch for Brazil, and dinner for the UK. On average, the Brazilian main meal had better nutritional quality (4.42 times higher), independently of sex, age, family income, nutritional status and energy consumed, with higher scores of fiber, carbohydrate, total fat, saturated fat and energy density. However, UK's main meal included more fruits and vegetables. Food preparations combined with rice and beans were classified as Brazilian main meal, while combinations with fast food items, as fried potatoes, sandwiches and sugary beverages, were classified as UK main meals. In Brazil, the main meal quality was lower among women and obese individuals, presenting significant positive association with age, and negative association with energy intake and family income; while in UK, only age was positively associated with MMQI. Although main meals in Brazil had higher nutritional quality compared to the UK, main meals consumed in both countries need nutritional improvement. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

PROSPECTIVE STUDY OF READY-TO-EAT BREAKFAST CEREAL CONSUMPTION AND COGNITIVE DECLINE AMONG ELDERLY MEN AND WOMEN IN CACHE COUNTY, UTAH, STUDY ON MEMORY, HEALTH, AND AGING

PubMed Central

WENGREEN, H.; NELSON, C.; MUNGER, R.G.; CORCORAN, C.

2013-01-01

Objective To examine associations between frequency of ready-to-eat-cereal (RTEC) consumption and cognitive function among elderly men and women of the Cache County Study on Memory and Aging in Utah. Design A population-based prospective cohort study established in Cache County, Utah in 1995. Setting and Participants 3831 men and women > 65 years of age who were living in Cache County, Utah in 1995. Measurement Diet was assessed using a 142-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline. Cognitive function was assessed using an adapted version of the Modified Mini-Mental State examination (3MS) at baseline and three subsequent interviews over 11 years. RTEC consumption was defined as daily, weekly, or infrequent use. Results In multivariable models, more frequent RTEC consumption was not associated with a cognitive benefit. Those consuming RTEC weekly but less than daily scored higher on their baseline 3MS than did those consuming RTEC more or less frequently (91.7, 90.6, 90.6, respectively; p-value <0.001). This association was maintained across 11 years of observation such that those consuming RTEC weekly but less than daily declined on average 3.96 points compared to an average 5.13 and 4.57 point decline for those consuming cereal more or less frequently (p-value = 0.0009). Conclusion Those consuming RTEC at least daily had poorer cognitive performance at baseline and over 11 years of follow-up compared to those who consumed cereal more or less frequently. RTEC is a nutrient dense food, but should not replace the consumption of other healthy foods in the diets’ of elderly people. Associations between RTEC consumption, dietary patterns, and cognitive function deserve further study. PMID:21369668

Association of Patient-Reported Readiness for Discharge and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Health Care Providers and Systems Patient Satisfaction Scores: A Retrospective Analysis.

PubMed

Schmocker, Ryan K; Holden, Sara E; Vang, Xia; Leverson, Glen E; Cherney Stafford, Linda M; Winslow, Emily R

2015-12-01

Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) have been increasingly emphasized, however, determining clinically valuable PRO has been problematic and investigation limited. This study examines the association of readiness for discharge, which has been described previously, with patient satisfaction and readmission. Data from adult patients admitted to our institution from 2009 to 2012 who completed both the Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems and the Press Ganey surveys post discharge were extracted from an existing database of patients (composed of 220 patients admitted for small bowel obstruction and 98 patients with hospital stays ≥ 21 days). Using the survey question, "Did you feel ready for discharge?" (RFD), 2 groups were constructed, those RFD and those with lesser degrees of readiness (ie, less ready for discharge [LRFD]) using topbox methodology. Outcomes, readmission rates, and satisfaction were compared between RFD and LRFD groups. Three hundred and eighteen patients met the inclusion criteria; 45% were female and 94% were Caucasian. Median age was 62.3 years (interquartile range 52.5 to 70.8 year). Median length of stay was 10 days (interquartile range 6.0 to 24.0 days) and 69.2% were admitted with small bowel obstruction. The 30-day readmission rate was 14.3% and 55% indicated they were RFD. Those RFD and LRFD had similar demographics, comorbidity scores, and rates of surgery. Those RFD had higher overall hospital satisfaction (87.3% RFD vs 62.4% LRFD; p < 0.001), higher physician communication scores (median 3.0 RFD vs 2.0 LRFD; p < 0.001), and higher nursing communication scores (median 3.0 RFD vs 2.0 LRFD, p < 0.001). Readmission rates were similar between the groups (11.4% RFD vs 18.2% LRFD; p = 0.09). Readiness for discharge appears to be a clinically useful patient-reported metric, as those RFD have higher satisfaction with the hospital and physicians. Prospective investigation into variables affecting patient satisfaction in those LRFD is needed. Copyright © 2015 American College of Surgeons. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

School Readiness and the Draw-a-Man Test: An Empiricaly Derived Alternative to Harris' Scoring System.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Simner, Marvin L.

1985-01-01

An abbreviated scoring system for the Goodenough-Harris Draw-A-Man Test found that three items had the same overall potential for correctly identifying at-risk kindergarteners as more time-consuming scoring methods. (CL)

Ready-to-eat cereals improve nutrient, milk and fruit intake at breakfast in European adolescents.

PubMed

Michels, Nathalie; De Henauw, Stefaan; Beghin, Laurent; Cuenca-García, Magdalena; Gonzalez-Gross, Marcela; Hallstrom, Lena; Kafatos, Anthony; Kersting, Mathilde; Manios, Yannis; Marcos, Ascensión; Molnar, Denes; Roccaldo, Romana; Santaliestra-Pasías, Alba M; Sjostrom, Michael; Reye, Béatrice; Thielecke, Frank; Widhalm, Kurt; Claessens, Mandy

2016-03-01

Breakfast consumption has been recommended as part of a healthy diet. Recently, ready-to-eat cereals (RTEC) became more popular as a breakfast item. Our aim was to analyse the dietary characteristics of an RTEC breakfast in European adolescents and to compare them with other breakfast options. From the European multi-centre HELENA study, two 24-h dietary recalls of 3137 adolescents were available. Food items (RTEC or bread, milk/yoghurt, fruit) and macro- and micronutrient intakes at breakfast were calculated. Cross-sectional regression analyses were adjusted for gender, age, socio-economic status and city. Compared to bread breakfasts (39 %) and all other breakfasts (41.5 %), RTEC breakfast (19.5 %) was associated with improved nutrient intake (less fat and less sucrose; more fibre, protein and some micronutrients like vitamin B, calcium, magnesium and phosphorus) at the breakfast occasion. Exceptions were more simple sugars in RTEC breakfast consumers: more lactose and galactose due to increased milk consumption, but also higher glucose and fructose than bread consumers. RTEC consumers had a significantly higher frequency (92.5 vs. 50.4 and 60.2 %) and quantity of milk/yoghurt intake and a slightly higher frequency of fruit intake (13.4 vs. 10.9 and 8.0 %) at breakfast. Among European adolescents, RTEC consumers showed a more favourable nutrient intake than consumers of bread or other breakfasts, except for simple sugars. Therefore, RTEC may be regarded as a good breakfast option as part of a varied and balanced diet. Nevertheless, more research is warranted concerning the role of different RTEC types in nutrient intake, especially for simple sugars.

Vitamin profile of cooked foods: how healthy is the practice of ready-to-eat foods?

PubMed

Agte, Vaishali; Tarwadi, Kirtan; Mengale, Sangeeta; Hinge, Ashwini; Chiplonkar, Shashi

2002-05-01

During recent years importance of B complex vitamins, beta-carotene and vitamin C has been realised in terms of their antioxidative and anticarcinogenic properties. Fruits and vegetables are the rich sources of these vitamins. However, there are considerable cooking losses of vitamins, and information on vitamin contents of cooked foods is essential for assessing the adequacy of vitamin intakes. Secondly, there is a growing trend to consume ready-to-eat foods such as stuffed pancakes (samosa, patties), pastries, French fries; replacing traditional foods for lunch or dinner like roti, vegetable curry, bread, non-vegetarian items. Ready-to-eat foods are considered to give empty calories rather than a balanced diet. A study was undertaken to estimate ascorbic acid, folic acid, riboflavin, thiamine and beta-carotene of 263 cooked food samples and 260 meals representing dietary patterns of Asia, Africa, Europe, USA and Latin America by spectrophotometry and photoflurometry. A broad range of beta-carotene (84-2038 mcg%), riboflavin (0.01-0.48 mg%), thiamine (0.04-0.36 mg%), vitamin C (1-28 mg%) and folate (26-111 mcg%) was observed in individual foods. Bakery products and sweets were found to be poor sources and green leafy vegetables and fruits were good sources of these five vitamins. The differences between ready-to-eat foods and meals consumed during lunch or dinner were prominent for beta-carotene, ascorbic acid, riboflavin and folic acid (P < 0.05). The cooking losses were 34.6, 30, 52.2, 45.9 and 32.2% in case of ascorbic acid, thiamine, riboflavin, beta-carotene and folic acid respectively. Irrespective of whether it is ready-to-eat or a lunch/dinner food item, the contribution of vegetables in the preparations was found to make a marked impact on the vitamin profile. While results justify the concept of a food pyramid, emphasis needs to be given to types of fruits and vegetables rich in vitamins; preferably in their uncooked form, rather than considering their total consumption.

Ready-to-Use Therapeutic Food Made From Locally Available Food Ingredients Is Well Accepted by Children Having Severe Acute Malnutrition in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Choudhury, Nuzhat; Ahmed, Tahmeed; Hossain, Md Iqbal; Islam, M Munirul; Sarker, Shafiqul A; Zeilani, Mamane; Clemens, John David

2018-03-01

With a prevalence of 3.1%, approximately, 450 000 children in Bangladesh are having severe acute malnutrition (SAM). There is currently no national community-based program run by government to take care of these children, one of the reasons being lack of access to ready-to-use therapeutic food (RUTF). To develop RUTF using locally available food ingredients and test its acceptability. A checklist was prepared for all food ingredients available and commonly consumed in Bangladesh that have the potential of being used for developing a RUTF. Linear programming was used to identify the combinations of nutrients that would result in an ideal RUTF. To test the acceptability of 2 local RUTFs compared to the prototype RUTF, Plumpy'Nut, a clinical trial with a crossover design was conducted among 30 children in the Dhaka Hospital of International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh. The acceptability was determined by using the mean proportion of offered food consumed by the children themselves. Two RUTFs were developed, one based on chickpea and the other on rice-lentils. The total energy content of 100 g of chickpea and rice-lentil-based RUTF were 537.4 and 534.5 kcal, protein 12.9 and 13.5 g, and fat 31.8 and 31.1 g, respectively, without any significant difference among the group. On an average, 85.7% of the offered RUTF amount was consumed by the children in 3 different RUTF groups which implies that all types of RUTF were well accepted by the children. Ready-to-use therapeutic foods were developed using locally available food ingredients-rice, lentil, and chickpeas. Chickpea-based and rice-lentil-based RUTF were well accepted by children with SAM.

Multiplex-Ready Technology for mid-throughput genotyping of molecular markers.

PubMed

Bonneau, Julien; Hayden, Matthew

2014-01-01

Screening molecular markers across large populations in breeding programs is generally time consuming and expensive. The Multiplex-Ready Technology (MRT) (Hayden et al., BMC genomics 9:80, 2008) was created to optimize polymorphism screening and genotyping using standardized PCR reaction conditions. The flexibility of this method maximizes the number of markers (up to 24 markers SSR or SNP, ideally small PCR product <500 bp and highly polymorphic) by using fluorescent dye (VIC, FAM, NED, and PET) and a semiautomated DNA fragment analyzer (ABI3730) capillary electrophoresis for large numbers of DNA samples (96 or 384 samples).

Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat burgers sampled anonymously at the point of sale in the United Kingdom.

PubMed

Little, C L; Gillespie, I A; Mitchell, R T

2001-12-01

During May and June 1999 a microbiological study of ready-to-eat burgers purchased anonymously from burger outlets (combined take-away and burger restaurants, take-away-only fixed premises, mobile vendors, temporary stalls and other burger outlets) was undertaken. The intention was to determine the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat burgers as purchased by customers of take-away premises and to ascertain, where information was available, whether the Chief Medical Officer's advice on cooking burgers was being followed. Examination of 3,128 ready-to-eat burgers found that 2,868 (92%) were of acceptable quality and 260 (8%) were of unsatisfactory quality. Unsatisfactory results were mostly due to high aerobic colony counts (ACCs). Salmonella spp., Campylobacter spp. and Escherichia coli O157 were not detected in any of the samples examined. Acceptable microbiological quality of ready-to-eat burgers was associated with outlets, such as combined take-away and burger restaurants and in particular national franchise outlets, which had management food hygiene training and hazard analysis in place. Poor microbiological quality was associated with undercooking and local outlets as indicated by Local Authority Inspectors' Consumers at Risk scores.

Sharing Teaching Ideas.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Mathematics Teacher, 1985

1985-01-01

Discusses: (1) use of matrix techniques to write secret codes (includes ready-to-duplicate worksheets); (2) a method of multiplication and division of polynomials in one variable that is not tedius, time-consuming, or dependent on guesswork; and (3) adding and subtracting rational expressions and solving rational equations. (JN)

Consumer perceptions of the safety of ready-to-eat foods in retail food establishments

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A nationally-representative survey was administered to 1041 participants who volunteered to evaluate selected risk perceptions and self-reported behaviors. Participants were shown 12 photographs taken at retail stores portraying cross-contamination, product and equipment temperatures, worker hygiene...

Applying Terrain and Hydrological Editing to Tandem-X Data to Create a Consumer-Ready Worlddem Product

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Collins, J.; Riegler, G.; Schrader, H.; Tinz, M.

2015-04-01

The Geo-intelligence division of Airbus Defence and Space and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) have partnered to produce the first fully global, high-accuracy Digital Surface Model (DSM) using SAR data from the twin satellite constellation: TerraSAR-X and TanDEM-X. The DLR is responsible for the processing and distribution of the TanDEM-X elevation model for the world's scientific community, while Airbus DS is responsible for the commercial production and distribution of the data, under the brand name WorldDEM. For the provision of a consumer-ready product, Airbus DS undertakes several steps to reduce the effect of radar-specific artifacts in the WorldDEM data. These artifacts can be divided into two categories: terrain and hydrological. Airbus DS has developed proprietary software and processes to detect and correct these artifacts in the most efficient manner. Some processes are fullyautomatic, while others require manual or semi-automatic control by operators.

Copyboard Quickly Makes Clean Printing Plates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Balandis, W. D.

1985-01-01

Vacuum-chuck eliminates glass and sponge artwork support. Vacuum copyboard allows camera-ready original slid on top plate for proper positioning, then holds securely for photography. Bleed valve allows vacuum in copyboard box adjusted for small or large originals. With new copyboard, time-consuming and costly procedures unnecessary.

Developing Advertising and Promotion Strategies for Higher Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berger, Karen A.; Wallingford, Harlan P.

1996-01-01

Outlines an approach to college and university marketing that focuses on identification of buyer readiness state and selection of appropriate communication goals. This approach uses a hierarchy of communication goals (awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction, purchase) widely used in consumer advertising. Argues that little has been…

Widespread Microbial Adaptation to l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) Following Its Market Introduction in a Consumer Cleaning Product.

PubMed

Itrich, Nina R; McDonough, Kathleen M; van Ginkel, Cornelis G; Bisinger, Ed C; LePage, Jim N; Schaefer, Edward C; Menzies, Jennifer Z; Casteel, Kenneth D; Federle, Thomas W

2015-11-17

l-Glutamate-N,N-diacetate (L-GLDA) was recently introduced in the United States (U.S.) market as a phosphate replacement in automatic dishwashing detergents (ADW). Prior to introduction, L-GLDA exhibited poor biodegradation in OECD 301B Ready Biodegradation Tests inoculated with sludge from U.S. wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). However, OECD 303A Activated Sludge WWTP Simulation studies showed that with a lag period to allow for growth (40-50 days) and a solids retention time (SRT) that allows establishment of L-GLDA degraders (>15 days), significant biodegradation (>80% dissolved organic carbon removal) would occur. Corresponding to the ADW market launch, a study was undertaken to monitor changes in the ready biodegradability of L-GLDA using activated sludge samples from various U.S. WWTPs. Initially all sludge inocula showed limited biodegradation ability, but as market introduction progressed, both the rate and extent of degradation increased significantly. Within 22 months, L-GLDA was ready biodegradable using inocula from 12 WWTPs. In an OECD 303A study repeated 18 months post launch, significant and sustained carbon removal (>94%) was observed after a 29-day acclimation period. This study systematically documented field adaptation of a new consumer product chemical across a large geographic region and confirmed the ability of laboratory simulation studies to predict field adaptation.

Reality of working in a community-based, recovery-oriented mental health rehabilitation unit: A pragmatic grounded theory analysis.

PubMed

Parker, Stephen; Dark, Frances; Newman, Ellie; Korman, Nicole; Rasmussen, Zoe; Meurk, Carla

2017-08-01

In the present study, we explored the experiences of staff working at a recovery-oriented, community-based residential mental health rehabilitation unit in Brisbane, Australia, called a 'community care unit' (CCU). A pragmatic approach to grounded theory was taken in the analysis of the transcripts of semistructured interviews with eight staff. Convenience sampling was used, and there was representation of junior and senior staff across nursing, allied health, and non-clinical support roles. Four key themes emerged from the analysis: (i) rehabilitation is different to treatment; (ii) the CCU is a positive transitional space; (iii) they (consumers) have to be ready to engage; and (iv) recovery is central to rehabilitation practice. Staff understandings of recovery in rehabilitation work were complex and included consideration of both personal and clinical recovery concepts. Rehabilitation readiness was considered important to the ability to deliver recovery-oriented care; however, the shared role of staff in maintaining engagement was acknowledged. Threats to recovery-oriented rehabilitation practice included staff burnout and external pressure to accept consumers who are not ready. The reality of working at a community-based recovery-oriented rehabilitation unit is complex. Active vigilance is needed to maintain a focus on recovery and rehabilitation. Leadership needs to focus on reducing burnout and in adapting these services to emergent needs. © 2016 Australian College of Mental Health Nurses Inc.

Ready the Pipes

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Grayson, Katherine

2010-01-01

If there's anyone in the academic IT arena taking seriously the possibility that campus identity management (IdM) may one day meld with consumer apps, it's Nate Klingenstein, one of the founding members of the Shibboleth Project (the open source project providing architecture and policy structures for managing single sign-on access to resources).…

Disinfection of the human norovirus surrogate, Tulane Virus with Cold Plasma

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Today viruses represent the most prevalent type of foodborne outbreak, and most of these outbreaks are associated with foods that are consumed in the raw or ready to eat form. Therefore it is necessary to develop nonthermal technologies that can eliminate these pathogens without adversely affecting ...

Digestive and physiological effects of a wheat bran extract, arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide, in breakfast cereal

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

We assessed whether a wheat bran extract containing arabino-xylan-oligosaccharide (AXOS) elicited a prebiotic effect and influenced other physiologic parameters when consumed in ready-to-eat cereal at two dose levels. This double-blind, randomized, controlled, crossover trial evaluated the effects o...

Age and gender differences in the influence of extrinsic product information on acceptability for RTD green tea beverages.

PubMed

Bae, Ye-Won; Lee, Soh Min; Kim, Kwang-Ok

2016-03-15

The introduction of ready-to-drink (RTD) green tea beverage has allowed diverse consumers to consume green teas and related products. Green tea that has been traditionally consumed for its delicate flavor characteristics is also widely consumed for its recognition as a healthy product. Because it is reported that age difference exists in consideration of health-related information, the objective of the study was to investigate how sensory and non-sensory factors, in particular health-related information, price and packaging, would affect the flavor acceptability of green tea beverages, depending on consumers' age and gender. Regardless of the product information, old consumers preferred products that provided an indication of health beneficial effect. On the other hand, young consumers tended to be influenced by extrinsic product information such as packaging, brand/manufacturer and/or price, though these consumers were not so much influenced by health beneficial information as were the old consumers. The findings of the study implied that the influence of non-sensory information such as health beneficial information in flavor liking differed depending mostly on consumers' age, and little on gender, for RTD green tea beverages. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry.

Nonthermal processing technologies to improve the safety of raw meat and poultry products and ready-to-eat foods

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Newly emerging nonthermal and advanced thermal processing technologies are now being adopted by the food processing industry for the purpose of providing safe and high quality food products to consumers. Scientists and engineers at USDA’s Eastern Regional Research Center in Wyndmoor, PA are activel...

Opinion: High-Quality Mathematics Resources as Public Goods

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Russo, James

2017-01-01

James Russo begins a discussion of the difficulty and time-consuming activity of Googling to find lesson plans and resources to keep his lessons more interesting and engaging, since such resources seem particularly scarce for math teachers. Russo writes that joining professional associations has given him ready access to higher quality resources…

Environmental Attitudes and Behaviour of Secondary School Students in Hong Kong.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chan, Kara K. W.

1996-01-01

Describes an investigation into the environmental attitudes of students in Hong Kong and their readiness to engage in pro-environmental behavior that could involve change in personal lifestyle. Students' over-optimism towards technological development and the perceived importance of the benefits of modern consumer goods were major factors that…

Bacteria-eating virus approved as food additive.

PubMed

Bren, Linda

2007-01-01

Not all viruses harm people. The Food and Drug Administration has approved a mixture of viruses as a food additive to protect people. The additive can be used in processing plants for spraying onto ready-to-eat meat and poultry products to protect consumers from the potentially life-threatening bacterium Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes).

Stroking Stressed-Out Teachers

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Black, Susan

2004-01-01

Stress seems to be a way of life for teachers. Many teachers describe themselves as over-whelmed. They admit to feeling anxious and apprehensive, especially about meeting the mounting needs of troubled students, doing justice to an all-consuming curriculum, and getting kids ready for a relentless series of tests. According to a study of Midwestern…

Preliminary assessment of the risk linked to furan ingestion by babies consuming only ready-to-eat food.

PubMed

Scholl, Georges; Humblet, Marie-France; Scippo, Marie-Louise; De Pauw, Edwin; Eppe, Gauthier; Saegerman, Claude

2013-01-01

The risk linked to furan ingestion has been assessed in previous papers for Belgian adults and children. The present paper focuses on infants consuming only ready-to-eat baby food. As there is no Belgian baby dietary database, the furan exposure assessment was carried out by using an Italian infant consumption database and Belgian contamination data. The estimated daily intake (EDI) was calculated according to a deterministic methodology. It involved 42 commercially available ready-to-eat baby food and 36 baby consumption records. The mean EDI was 1460 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ which is 3.8 times higher than the 381 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ reported for Belgian adults, and 3.5 times higher than the 419 ng*(kg(bw)*day)⁻¹ measured for Belgian children. To assess and characterise the risk for babies' exposure, the margin of exposure (MoE) was calculated. It highlighted that 74% of infants have a MoE < 1000, with a minimum of 140. However, these are only preliminary results as they were calculated from a very small dataset and the infant cytochrome P450 activity is significantly different compared with the adult's. Therefore, the risk linked to furan ingestion by babies should be assessed in a different manner. To this end, additional data regarding a baby diet as well as a better understanding of furan toxicity for babies are needed to characterise more accurately the risk for infants.

When wanting to change is not enough: automatic appetitive processes moderate the effects of a brief alcohol intervention in hazardous-drinking college students.

PubMed

Ostafin, Brian D; Palfai, Tibor P

2012-12-07

Research indicates that brief motivational interventions are efficacious treatments for hazardous drinking. Little is known, however, about the psychological processes that may moderate intervention success. Based on growing evidence that drinking behavior may be influenced by automatic (nonvolitional) mental processes, the current study examined whether automatic alcohol-approach associations moderated the effect of a brief motivational intervention. Specifically, we examined whether the efficacy of a single-session intervention designed to increase motivation to reduce alcohol consumption would be moderated by the strength of participants' automatic alcohol-approach associations. Eighty-seven undergraduate hazardous drinkers participated for course credit. Participants completed an Implicit Association Test to measure automatic alcohol-approach associations, a baseline measure of readiness to change drinking behavior, and measures of alcohol involvement. Participants were then randomly assigned to either a brief (15-minute) motivational intervention or a control condition. Participants completed a measure of readiness to change drinking at the end of the first session and returned for a follow-up session six weeks later in which they reported on their drinking over the previous month. Compared with the control group, those in the intervention condition showed higher readiness to change drinking at the end of the baseline session but did not show decreased drinking quantity at follow-up. Automatic alcohol-approach associations moderated the effects of the intervention on change in drinking quantity. Among participants in the intervention group, those with weak automatic alcohol-approach associations showed greater reductions in the amount of alcohol consumed per occasion at follow-up compared with those with strong automatic alcohol-approach associations. Automatic appetitive associations with alcohol were not related with change in amount of alcohol consumed per occasion in control participants. Furthermore, among participants who showed higher readiness to change, those who exhibited weaker alcohol-approach associations showed greater reductions in drinking quantity compared with those who exhibited stronger alcohol-approach associations. The results support the idea that automatic mental processes may moderate the influence of brief motivational interventions on quantity of alcohol consumed per drinking occasion. The findings suggest that intervention efficacy may be improved by utilizing implicit measures to identify those who may be responsive to brief interventions and by developing intervention elements to address the influence of automatic processes on drinking behavior.

Sources of Foods That Are Ready-to-Consume ('Grazing Environments') Versus Requiring Additional Preparation ('Grocery Environments'): Implications for Food-Environment Research and Community Health.

PubMed

Lucan, Sean C; Maroko, Andrew R; Seitchik, Jason L; Yoon, Don; Sperry, Luisa E; Schechter, Clyde B

2018-03-14

Local businesses that offer foods may create different 'grazing environments' (characterized by sources of ready-to-consume foods) and 'grocery environments' (characterized by source of foods for later preparation). Such environments may be relevant to different populations at different times and may vary by neighborhood. In neighborhoods within two demographically distinct areas of the Bronx, NY [Area A (higher-poverty, greater minority representation, lesser vehicle ownership) vs. Area B], researchers assessed all storefront businesses for food offerings. Food offerings could be ready-to-consume or require additional preparation. 'Healthful' offerings included fruits and vegetables, whole grains, and nuts; 'less-healthful' offerings included 'refined sweets' and 'salty/fatty fare.' 'Food businesses' (those primarily focused on selling food) were distinguished from 'other businesses' (not focused primarily on food selling). Area A had a higher percentage of street segments on which foods were available (28.6% vs. 6.9% in Area B; difference 21.7% points [95% CI 17.0, 26.5]) and a higher percentage of businesses offering foods (46.9% vs. 41.7% in Area B; difference 5.2% points [95% CI - 2.0, 12.4]). 'Less-healthful' items predominated in both 'grazing environments' and overall environments ('grazing' plus 'grocery environments'; the environments researchers typically measure) in both Areas A and B. 'Other businesses' represented about 2/3 of all businesses and accounted for nearly 1/3 of all the businesses offering food in both geographic areas. The lower-income area with greater minority representation and less private transportation had more businesses offering foods on more streets. There was near-perfect overlap between 'grazing environments' and overall environments in both geographic areas. Future research should consider the extent of 'grazing' and 'grocery environments,' and when each might be most relevant to populations of interest.

KSC-2014-4218

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-25

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, 23-foot cables used to hold a Bambi Bucket are checked out prior to a training exercise to practice firefighting techniques. A three-person helicopter crew recently practiced using a Bambi Bucket to pick up water from a nearby waterway and dropping it on simulated targets at the center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Firefighters respond to wildfires with teams on the ground and in the air. The most up-to-date tools include helicopters that use Bambi Buckets large quantities of water. NASA Flight Operations teams are training to perfect the skills needed to ensure they are ready to use tools, such as the Bambi Bucket, in the event of an out-of-control blaze at the spaceport. Photo credit: NASA/Frankie Martin

Sensory characterization of a ready-to-eat sweetpotato breakfast cereal by descriptive analysis

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dansby, M. A.; Bovell-Benjamin, A. C.

2003-01-01

The sweetpotato [Ipomoea batatas (L.) Lam], an important industry in the United States, has been selected as a candidate crop to be grown on future long-duration space missions by NASA. Raw sweetpotato roots were processed into flour, which was used to formulate ready-to-eat breakfast cereal (RTEBC). Twelve trained panelists evaluated the sensory attributes of the extruded RTEBC using descriptive analysis. The samples were significantly different (P<0.05) for all attributes. Twelve perceived sensory attributes, which could be used to differentiate the appearance, texture, and flavor of sweetpotato RTEBC, were described. The data could be used to optimize the RTEBC and for designing studies to test its consumer acceptance.

Capacity and readiness for quality improvement among home and community-based service providers.

PubMed

Abrahamson, Kathleen; Myers, Jaclyn; Arling, Greg; Davila, Heather; Mueller, Christine; Abery, Brian; Cai, Yun

2016-01-01

The objective of this study was to explore home and community-based service (HCBS) providers' perspectives of organizational readiness for quality improvement (QI). Data were obtained from a survey of participants (N = 56) in a state-sponsored HCBS QI initiative. Quality improvement challenges included lack of time and resources, staff apprehension or resistance, resistance from consumers and families, and project sustainability. Support from leadership was viewed as an important factor in participating organizations' decision to engage in QI. Internal resources available to support QI varied widely between participating organizations, with differences observed between smaller and larger agencies, as well as between provider types and populations served.

Anti-Hassle Chip

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

With assistance from NASA's Ames Research Center, the iTV Corporation has developed a full custom microprocessor that enables access to the Internet through a $49 device. The microprocessor is supported with a compliment of design tools for customization and adaptation as either a licensable core or as a complete microprocessor. Other uses include cell phones, DVD (digital versatile disk) players, cable modems, video conferencing equipment, digital cameras, wireless LANs (Local Area Network) and WANs (Wide Area Network). iTV continues to design new, low-cost consumer products.

Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification-Lateral-Flow Dipstick (LAMP-LFD) to detect Toxoplasma gondii oocyst in ready-to-eat salad.

PubMed

Lalle, Marco; Possenti, Alessia; Dubey, Jitender P; Pozio, Edoardo

2018-04-01

The apicomplexan parasite Toxoplasma gondii is the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, a foodborne zoonosis with a global distribution and estimated to cause up to 20% of the total foodborne disease burden in Europe. Association between T. gondii infection and the consumption of unwashed raw fruits and vegetables contaminated with oocysts has been reported and the increasing habit to eat pre-washed ready-to-eat salads poses a new potential risk for consumers. It is therefore important to trace the occurrence of potential contamination with this parasite to guarantee the safety of ready-to-eat vegetables. Detection of T. gondii in vegetables by molecular techniques has been achieved but low sensitivity (PCR) or expensive equipments (qPCR) limit routine applicability. Here, we describe the development and validation of a sensitive and robust method relying on a LAMP assay, targeting the 529 bp locus, to detect T. gondii oocysts down to 25 oocysts/50 g in ready-to-eat baby lettuce. The LAMP has been also adapted for a faster visualization of the result by a lateral flow dipstick chromatographic detection method. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The plague under Commodus as an unintended consequence of Roman grain market regulation.

PubMed

Silver, Morris

2012-01-01

This paper begins with a review of Roman grain market policies. It is argued that policies such as forced sales and maximum prices made urban consumers hesitant to rely on the market for secure access to grain. Consequently, consumers hoarded grain in their homes. The hoarded grain formed a volatile fuel ready to be ignited by the arrival of the bubonic plague bacillus. This scenario fits events in the city of Rome under Commodus. Attested grain market interventions were followed by a severe epidemic, arguably bubonic plague, which decimated the city's population.

Isolation of Salmonella from ready-to-eat poultry meat and evaluation of its survival at low temperature, microwaving and simulated gastric fluids.

PubMed

Akbar, Ali; Anal, Anil Kumar

2015-05-01

A study was conducted to evaluate the risk of Salmonella contamination and its survival at different stages in chill ready-to-eat poultry meat products chain. Samples (n = 181) were collected and examined for the presence of Salmonella species. The bacteria were initially identified against polyvalent antisera "O" and "H", followed by confirmation with 16 s rDNA. The single Salmonella, isolate from the tested food samples showed 99.8 % phylogenetic similarity with Salmonella enterica. It was further evaluated for antibiotic sensitivity pattern and found resistant to four antibiotics including ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and nalidixic acid. Salmonella associated with ready-to-eat poultry meat products were found active at storage temperature ≥4 °C in a challenge study. It was revealed that shape and weight of the meat pieces have direct influence on the reduction of pathogens during microwave heating. The 30 and 60 s microwaving (with radiation power fixed at 900 W) was found ineffective for the elimination of target bacteria (10(6)-10(7) CFU/g) in meat pieces with weight ≥90 g. Salmonella enterica was able to survive in simulated gastric fluid. The storage temperature and microwaving were found critical point for the transfer of pathogens through ready-to-eat poultry meat products to consumer in chill ready-to-eat poultry meat chain.

Exposure to antimony from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) trays used in ready-to-eat meals.

PubMed

Haldimann, M; Blanc, A; Dudler, V

2007-08-01

Antimony residues, a result of the use of a polycondensation catalyst in the production of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) oven-proof trays, were analysed in ready-to-eat meals. The toxicity of antimony has raised concerns about consumer safety; therefore, the migration of small fractions of these residues into ready meals and foods as a result of cooking directly in the PET trays was studied. A straightforward approach of measuring real samples was selected to obtain accurate exposure data. Background antimony concentration was determined separately from a series of lunch meals, which ranged from not detectable to 3.4 microg kg(-1). Microwave and conventional oven-cooking caused a distinct increase in the concentration of antimony in food and ready meals of 0-17 and 8-38 microg kg(-1), respectively, depending, to a certain extent, on the industrial preparations. The migrated quantities of antimony corresponded to 3-13 microg. For comparison, PET roasting bags and ready-made dough products in PET baking dishes were also evaluated. About half of the products prepared at a temperature of 180 degrees C exceeded the specific migration limit set for food contact material by the European Commission. However, the migrated amounts of antimony relative to the accepted tolerable daily intake (TDI) show that exposure from this type of food is currently not of toxicological concern.

How does consumer knowledge affect environmentally sustainable choices? Evidence from a cross-country latent class analysis of food labels.

PubMed

Peschel, Anne O; Grebitus, Carola; Steiner, Bodo; Veeman, Michele

2016-11-01

This paper examines consumers' knowledge and lifestyle profiles and preferences regarding two environmentally labeled food staples, potatoes and ground beef. Data from online choice experiments conducted in Canada and Germany are analyzed through latent class choice modeling to identify the influence of consumer knowledge (subjective and objective knowledge as well as usage experience) on environmentally sustainable choices. We find that irrespective of product or country under investigation, high subjective and objective knowledge levels drive environmentally sustainable food choices. Subjective knowledge was found to be more important in this context. Usage experience had relatively little impact on environmentally sustainable choices. Our results suggest that about 20% of consumers in both countries are ready to adopt footprint labels in their food choices. Another 10-20% could be targeted by enhancing subjective knowledge, for example through targeted marketing campaigns. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of Desktop Virtual Reality Environment Training on State Anxiety and Vocational Identity Scores among Persons with Disabilities during Job Placement

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Washington, Andre Lamont

2013-01-01

This study examined how desktop virtual reality environment training (DVRET) affected state anxiety and vocational identity of vocational rehabilitation services consumers during job placement/job readiness activities. It utilized a quantitative research model with a quasi-experimental pretest-posttest design plus some qualitative descriptive…

Survival of Salmonella enterica on soybean sprouts following treatments with gaseous chlorine dioxide and biocontrol Pseudomonas bacteria

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Control of Salmonella enterica on sprouts and minimally processed, ready-to-eat fruits and vegetables is important for food and consumer safety. The aim of this research was to assess the effects of gaseous chlorine dioxide(ClO2)and biocontrol microorganisms (Pseudomonas chlororaphis and P. fluoresc...

Wide Open Spaces: Wikis Ready or Not

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Lamb, Brian

2004-01-01

Remember when the Internet was about opening up access to information and breaking down the barriers between content creators and content consumers? Think back to when spam was just a meatlike substance. To those heady days when Timothy Leary was predicting that the PC would be the LSD of the nineties. Before the DMCA. Before eBay. Back when the…

Microbiological survey of raw and ready-to-eat leafy green vegetables marketed in Italy.

PubMed

Losio, M N; Pavoni, E; Bilei, S; Bertasi, B; Bove, D; Capuano, F; Farneti, S; Blasi, G; Comin, D; Cardamone, C; Decastelli, L; Delibato, E; De Santis, P; Di Pasquale, S; Gattuso, A; Goffredo, E; Fadda, A; Pisanu, M; De Medici, D

2015-10-01

The presence of foodborne pathogens (Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7, thermotolerant Campylobacter, Yersinia enterocolitica and norovirus) in fresh leafy (FL) and ready-to-eat (RTE) vegetable products, sampled at random on the Italian market, was investigated to evaluate the level of risk to consumers. Nine regional laboratories, representing 18 of the 20 regions of Italy and in which 97.7% of the country's population resides, were involved in this study. All laboratories used the same sampling procedures and analytical methods. The vegetable samples were screened using validated real-time PCR (RT-PCR) methods and standardized reference ISO culturing methods. The results show that 3.7% of 1372 fresh leafy vegetable products and 1.8% of 1160 "fresh-cut" or "ready-to-eat" (RTE) vegetable retailed in supermarkets or farm markets, were contaminated with one or more foodborne pathogens harmful to human health. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Remote down-hole well telemetry

DOEpatents

Briles, Scott D [Los Alamos, NM; Neagley, Daniel L [Albuquerque, NM; Coates, Don M [Santa Fe, NM; Freund, Samuel M [Los Alamos, NM

2004-07-20

The present invention includes an apparatus and method for telemetry communication with oil-well monitoring and recording instruments located in the vicinity of the bottom of gas or oil recovery pipes. Such instruments are currently monitored using electrical cabling that is inserted into the pipes; cabling has a short life in this environment, and requires periodic replacement with the concomitant, costly shutdown of the well. Modulated reflectance, a wireless communication method that does not require signal transmission power from the telemetry package will provide a long-lived and reliable way to monitor down-hole conditions. Normal wireless technology is not practical since batteries and capacitors have to frequently be replaced or recharged, again with the well being removed from service. RF energy generated above ground can also be received, converted and stored down-hole without the use of wires, for actuating down-hole valves, as one example. Although modulated reflectance reduces or eliminates the loss of energy at the sensor package because energy is not consumed, during the transmission process, additional stored extra energy down-hole is needed.

A 5 Gb/s CMOS adaptive equalizer for serial link

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wu, Hongbing; Wang, Jingyu; Liu, Hongxia

2018-04-01

A 5 Gb/s adaptive equalizer with a new adaptation scheme is presented here by using 0.13 μm CMOS process. The circuit consists of the combination of equalizer amplifier, limiter amplifier and adaptation loop. The adaptive algorithm exploits both the low frequency gain loop and the equalizer loop to minimize the inter-symbol interference (ISI) for a variety of cable characteristics. In addition, an offset cancellation loop is used to alleviate the offset influence of the signal path. The adaptive equalizer core occupies an area of 0.3567 mm2 and consumes a power consumption of 81.7 mW with 1.8 V power supply. Experiment results demonstrate that the equalizer could compensate for a designed cable loss with 0.23 UI peak-to-peak jitter. Project supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 61376099), the Foundation for Fundamental Research of China (No. JSZL2016110B003), and the Major Fundamental Research Program of Shaanxi (No. 2017ZDJC-26).

Breakfast Eating Pattern and Ready-to-Eat Cereals Consumption among Schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur

PubMed Central

KOO, Hui-Chin; ABDUL JALIL, Siti Nurain; Ruzita, ABD TALIB

2015-01-01

Background: Studies from the West have demonstrated that ready-to-eat cereals (RTECs) are a common form of breakfast and more likely to be consumed by children. This study aimed to investigate the breakfast eating pattern and RTECs consumption among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a total of 382 schoolchildren, aged 10 and 11 years old, were recruited from seven randomly selected primary schools in Kuala Lumpur. Information on socio-demographics, breakfast eating patterns, and perceptions of RTECs and dietary intake (24-hour dietary recalls) were obtained. Results: Among the respondents, only 22% of them consumed breakfast on a regular basis. The most commonly eaten food by children at breakfast was bread (27.2%), followed by biscuits (22.2%) and RTECs (20.5%). The majority of them (93%) reported that they consumed RTECs sometimes during the week. Chocolate RTECs (34.1%), corn flake RTECs (30.3%), and RTECs coated with honey (25.1%) were the most popular RTECs chosen by children. Respondents who consumed RTECs showed a significantly higher intake in calories, carbohydrate, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B3, folate, vitamin C, calcium, iron, and fibre (P < 0.05), compared to those who skipped breakfast and those who had breakfast foods other than RTECs. Conclusion: The lower levels of breakfast consumption among schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur need serious attention. RTEC is a nutritious food which is well accepted by a majority of the schoolchildren in Kuala Lumpur. Nutrition intervention should be conducted in the future to include a well-balanced breakfast with the utilisation of RTECs for schoolchildren. PMID:25892948

Weight indicators and nutrient intake in children and adolescents do not vary by sugar content in ready-to-eat cereal: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-2006.

PubMed

Albertson, Ann M; Thompson, Douglas R; Franko, Debra L; Holschuh, Norton M

2011-03-01

Few studies have explored the relationship between sugar content in cereal and health outcome among children and adolescents. This study was designed to investigate the associations between ready-to-eat cereals, categorized by sugar content, with weight indicators and nutrient intake profiles. Data collected from 6- to 18-year-old US children and adolescents (N = 9660) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2001-06 were used to analyze cereal consumption. Body mass index (BMI), BMI-for-age, waist-to-height ratio, percent overweight or obese, mean day-1 intake, and usual daily intake of macronutrients and micronutrients were the dependent variables; day-1 cereal intake, categorized by tertiles of sugar content, was the main independent variable. Weighted regression with adjustment for the survey design was used to model the dependent variables as a function of day-1 cereal intake, adjusting for age group, sex, race/ethnicity, total day-1 intake of energy, calcium and sugar, the Healthy Eating Index-2005 total score, and household income. For all tertiles of sugar classifications of cereal, children who consumed cereal had significantly lower BMI compared with children who consumed no cereal (P's < .05). Similarly, when compared with children who consumed no cereal, those who ate cereal consumed significantly less fat and cholesterol and significantly more carbohydrates, sugar, whole grains, vitamin A, thiamin, riboflavin, niacin, vitamin B(6), folic acid, vitamin B(12), vitamin C, calcium, magnesium, iron, and zinc. Lower weight and positive nutrient profiles were associated with cereal consumption regardless of sugar content. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Effects of Two Dietary Fibers as Part of Ready-to-Eat Cereal (RTEC) Breakfasts on Perceived Appetite and Gut Hormones in Overweight Women

PubMed Central

Lafond, David W.; Greaves, Kathryn A.; Maki, Kevin C.; Leidy, Heather J.; Romsos, Dale R.

2015-01-01

The effects of an enzyme-hydrolyzed arabinoxylan from wheat (AXOS) versus an intact arabinoxylan from flax (FLAX) added to a ready-to-eat cereal (RTEC) on the postprandial appetitive, hormonal, and metabolic responses in overweight women (BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2) were evaluated. Subsequent meal energy intake was also assessed. Two randomized, double-blind, crossover design studies were completed. For trial 1, the participants consumed the following RTEC breakfast, matched for total weight and varied in energy content: low-fiber (LF, 4 g); high-fiber (HF, 15 g) as either AXOS or FLAX. For trial 2, the participants consumed LF, HF-AXOS, and HF-FLAX RTECs but also consumed another LF breakfast that was isocaloric (LF-iso) to that of the HF breakfasts. Perceived appetite and blood samples (trial 2 only) were assessed before and after breakfast. An ad libitum lunch was offered 4 h post-breakfast. No differences in postprandial appetite responses were observed among any breakfasts in either trial. The HF-AXOS and HF-FLAX led to increased postprandial GLP-1 and peptide YY (PYY) concentrations vs. LF-iso. No differences were observed in lunch meal energy intake among breakfast meals in either trial. Collectively, these data suggest that 15 g of low molecular weight fiber added to RTECs did not affect perceived appetite or subsequent energy intake despite differences in satiety hormone signaling in overweight females. PMID:25689743

Field power measurements of imaging equipment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

McWhinney, Marla; Homan, Gregory; Brown, Richard

2004-05-14

According to the U.S. Department of Energy, electricity use by non-PC commercial office equipment is growing at an annual rate of nearly 5 percent (AEO 2003). To help address this growth in consumption, U.S. EPA periodically updates its ENERGY STAR specifications as products and markets change. This report presents background research conducted to help EPA update the ENERGY STAR specification for imaging equipment, which covers printers, fax machines, copiers, scanners, and multifunction devices (MFDs). We first estimated the market impact of the current ENERGY STAR imaging specification, finding over 90 percent of the current market complies with the specification. Wemore » then analyzed a sample of typical new imaging products, including 11 faxes, 57 printers and 19 copiers/MFD. For these devices we metered power levels in the most common modes: active/ready/sleep/off, and recorded features that would most likely affect energy consumption. Our metering indicates that for many products and speed bins, current models consume substantially less power than the current specification. We also found that for all product categories, power consumption varied most considerably across technology (i.e. inkjet vs. laser). Although inkjet printers consumed less energy than laser printers in active, ready and sleep-mode, they consumed more power on average while off, mostly due to the use of external power supplies. Based on these findings, we developed strategies for the ENERGY STAR program to achieve additional energy reductions. Finally, we present an assessment of manufacturer's ENERGY STAR labeling practices.« less

Students' Readiness to Move from Consumers to Producers of Digital Video Content: A Cross-Cultural Analysis of Irish and Indian Students

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Loftus, Maria; Tiernan, Peter; Cherian, Sebastian

2014-01-01

Evidence has shown that students have greatly increased their consumption of digital video, principally through video sharing sites. In parallel, students' participation in video sharing and creation has also risen. As educators, we need to question how this can be effectively translated into a positive learning experience for students, whilst…

Starting Solids: A Guide for Parents and Child Care Providers.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

National Association of Pediatric Nurse Associates and Practitioners, Cherry Hill, NJ.

Most infants consume only breast milk or infant formula for the first 4 months, as their digestive systems and jaw and throat muscles are not ready for solid foods. Most healthcare professionals advise starting solid foods between 4 and 6 months of age, when infants can hold their heads up straight when sitting. The first solid food should be…

Presence of Trihalomethanes in ready-to-eat vegetables disinfected with chlorine.

PubMed

Coroneo, Valentina; Carraro, Valentina; Marras, Barbara; Marrucci, Alessandro; Succa, Sara; Meloni, Barbara; Pinna, Antonella; Angioni, Alberto; Sanna, Adriana; Schintu, Marco

2017-12-01

Trihalomethanes (THMs) - CHCl 3 , CHCl 2 Br, CHClBr 2 and CHBr 3 - are drinking water disinfection by-products (DBPs). These compounds can also be absorbed by different types of foods, including ready-to-eat (RTE) fresh vegetables. The potential absorption of THMs during washing of RTE vegetables could pose a potential risk to consumers' health. The concentration of THMs in the water used in the manufacturing process of these products shall not exceed the limit of 100 or 80 µgL -1 according to European Union (EU) and United States legislation, respectively. By contrast, there is little information about the presence of such compounds in the final product. This study evaluated the concentration of THMs in different types of RTE vegetables (carrots, iceberg lettuce, lettuce, mixed salad, parsley, parsley and garlic, rocket salad, valerian) after washing with chlorinated water. In the 115 samples analysed, the average value of total THMs was equal to 76.7 ng g -1 . Chloroform was the THM present in the largest percentage in all the RTE vegetables. These results show that the process of washing RTE vegetables should be optimised in order to reduce the risk for consumers associated with the presence of DBPs.

Assessment of alternative power sources for mobile mining machinery

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cairelli, J. E.; Tomazic, W. A.; Evans, D. G.; Klann, J. L.

1981-01-01

Alternative mobile power sources for mining applications were assessed. A wide variety of heat engines and energy systems was examined as potential alternatives to presently used power systems. The present mobile power systems are electrical trailing cable, electrical battery, and diesel - with diesel being largely limited in the United States to noncoal mines. Each candidate power source was evaluated for the following requirements: (1) ability to achieve the duty cycle; (2) ability to meet Government regulations; (3) availability (production readiness); (4) market availability; and (5) packaging capability. Screening reduced the list of candidates to the following power sources: diesel, stirling, gas turbine, rankine (steam), advanced electric (batteries), mechanical energy storage (flywheel), and use of hydrogen evolved from metal hydrides. This list of candidates is divided into two classes of alternative power sources for mining applications, heat engines and energy storage systems.

KSC-2014-4220

NASA Image and Video Library

2014-09-25

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. -- At NASA's Kennedy Space Center in Florida, John Miller of URS Federal Technical Services moves a Bambi Bucket and its associated cables are moved outside the Shuttle Landing Facility hangar prior to a training exercise to practice firefighting techniques. A three-person helicopter crew recently practiced using a Bambi Bucket to pick up water from a nearby waterway and dropping it on simulated targets at the center’s Shuttle Landing Facility. Firefighters respond to wildfires with teams on the ground and in the air. The most up-to-date tools include helicopters that use Bambi Buckets large quantities of water. NASA Flight Operations teams are training to perfect the skills needed to ensure they are ready to use tools, such as the Bambi Bucket, in the event of an out-of-control blaze at the spaceport. Photo credit: NASA/Frankie Martin

Assessment of alternative power sources for mobile mining machinery

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cairelli, J. E.; Tomazic, W. A.; Evans, D. G.; Klann, J. L.

1981-12-01

Alternative mobile power sources for mining applications were assessed. A wide variety of heat engines and energy systems was examined as potential alternatives to presently used power systems. The present mobile power systems are electrical trailing cable, electrical battery, and diesel - with diesel being largely limited in the United States to noncoal mines. Each candidate power source was evaluated for the following requirements: (1) ability to achieve the duty cycle; (2) ability to meet Government regulations; (3) availability (production readiness); (4) market availability; and (5) packaging capability. Screening reduced the list of candidates to the following power sources: diesel, stirling, gas turbine, rankine (steam), advanced electric (batteries), mechanical energy storage (flywheel), and use of hydrogen evolved from metal hydrides. This list of candidates is divided into two classes of alternative power sources for mining applications, heat engines and energy storage systems.

Program For Engineering Electrical Connections

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billitti, Joseph W.

1990-01-01

DFACS is interactive multiuser computer-aided-engineering software tool for system-level electrical integration and cabling engineering. Purpose of program to provide engineering community with centralized data base for putting in and gaining access to data on functional definition of system, details of end-circuit pinouts in systems and subsystems, and data on wiring harnesses. Objective, to provide instantaneous single point of interchange of information, thus avoiding error-prone, time-consuming, and costly shuttling of data along multiple paths. Designed to operate on DEC VAX mini or micro computer using Version 5.0/03 of INGRES.

Mitochondrial filaments and clusters as intracellular power-transmitting cables.

PubMed

Skulachev, V P

2001-01-01

Mitochondria exist in two interconverting forms; as small isolated particles, and as extended filaments, networks or clusters connected with intermitochondrial junctions. Extended mitochondria can represent electrically united systems, which can facilitate energy delivery from the cell periphery to the cell core and organize antioxidant defence of the cell interior when O2 is consumed by mitochondrial clusters near the the outer cell membrane, and protonic potential is transmitted to the cell core mitochondria to form ATP. As to small mitochondria, they might represent a transportable form of these organelles.

Near-Real-Time Sismo-acoustic Submarine Station for offshore monitoring

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

D'Anna, Giuseppe; D'Alessandro, Antonino; Fertitta, Gioacchino; Fraticelli, Nicola; Calore, Daniele

2016-04-01

From the early 1980's, Italian seismicity is monitored by the National Seismic Network (NSN). The network has been considerably enhanced by INGV since 2005 by 24-bit digital stations equipped with broad-band sensors. The NSN is nowadays constituted by about 300 on-land seismic station able to detect and locate also small magnitude earthquake in the whole Italian peninsula. However, the lack of offshore seismic stations does not allow the accurate estimation of hypocentral and focal parameters of small magnitude earthquakes occurring in offshore areas. As in the Mediterranean area there is an intense offshore seismic activity, an extension of the seismic monitoring to the sea would be beneficial. There are two types of stations that could be used to extend the network towards the sea: the first type is connected to the coast though a cable, the second type is isolated (or stand alone) and works autonomously. Both solutions have serious limitations: the first one, for several technical and economic problems, linked to the indispensable transmission/alimentation cable, cannot be installed far from the coast; the second one, allows access to the recorded data, only after they are recovered from the seabed. It is clear that these technical solutions are not suitable for the real time monitoring of the offshore seismicity or for the realization of a tsunami warning system. For this reason, in early 2010, the OBSLab of Gibilmanna begins the design of a submarine station able to overcome the limitations of the two systems above. The station isbuilt under the project EMSO-MedIT. The two stations built have already been tested in dock and ready for installation. One of this station will be installed, in few time, in the southern Tyrrhenian Sea, near the epicentre of the Palermo 2002 main shock. The sea bottom station will be equipped with 2 very broadband 3C seismometers, a broad band hydrophone, a differential and an absolute pressure gauge. The station includes a submarine module, which houses the sensors. The submarine module is connected via an electromechanical cable to a stopper buoy, which acts as tensioning device, and a "tethered" cable, to a surface buoy, which supply power to the underwater part. The surface buoy handles the communication with the submarine module and the transmission of real-time/near-real-time data to the monitoring centre to the ground.

30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...

30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...

30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...

30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...

30 CFR 77.605 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.605 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. Trailing cable and power cable connections between cables and to power sources shall not be made...

Online Health Behavior and Disease Management Programs: Are We Ready for Them? Are They Ready for Us?

PubMed Central

Cummins, Carol O; Prochaska, James O; Prochaska, Janice M

2005-01-01

Advancing the science and practice of health promotion and disease management on the Internet requires a systematic program of research examining the population impact of such programs. With impact described as the combination of effectiveness and participation, such research needs to include the examination of the quality and effectiveness of programs that are available to the general public, as well as descriptive and predictive knowledge about population readiness to participate in such programs. There have been few studies examining the quality of interactive health behavior change (HBC) programs on the Internet, and even fewer investigations of the effectiveness of such programs. Based on the review of over 300 HBC programs on the Internet using the “5 A's” of Health Behavior Change on the Internet (HBC-I Screener), which represent standard minimum guidelines for evaluation, it appears HBC on the Internet is in the early stages of development. As health behavior change on the Internet matures from the provision of health information to meeting the requirements necessary to produce health behavior change, and as program developers take advantage of the interactive nature of the Internet, the basic screening and expanded evaluation criteria developed in this project will provide templates for both consumers and developers of programs. The second component necessary for evaluating the impact of HBC on the Internet is the extent to which the population is ready to participate in such programs. We need to move beyond a narrow focus on early adopters and produce a population perspective that includes those not ready, those getting ready, and those ready to use such programs, as well as those already participating. By understanding participation levels of such programs, and what drives this participation, the development and dissemination of practical tailored and targeted interventions can help maximize population participation in Internet programs for health behavior change. PMID:15998618

Strategies for Enhancing Military Physical Readiness in the 21st Century

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-03-22

Acute MSIs and chronic musculoskeletal conditions arising from injuries are consistently the leading cause of hospitalizations and outpatient...female gender, low aerobic fitness, low levels of physical activity prior to military entrance, cigarette smoking prior to military entrance, past ankle ...wear semi-rigid ankle braces for high risk activities, 5) consume nutrients to restore energy balance within 1 hour following high-intensity activity

Are you ready to invest in business development?

PubMed

Mack, Ken E

2002-10-01

A hospital's strategy to increase market share should focus on physicians and the hospital's community. Organization managers should actively seek to enhance relations with physicians. The hospital should seek opportunities to collaborate with physicians. Promotional budgets should focus on informing consumers about service areas that interest them most, such as emergency and obstetrics services. A sales strategy should focus on acquainting community physicians with the hospital's specialists.

Survival and persistence of non-pathogenic Escherichia coli and attenuated Escherichia coli O157:H7 in soils amended with animal manure in a greenhouse environment

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

Biological soil amendments (BSA's), including dairy cattle, poultry litter, and horse manure, play an important role in agriculture but may contain pathogens that can contaminate raw or ready-to-eat fruit and vegetable crops that are consumed raw. Proposed FDA standards include a 90- or 120-day inte...

Physiological and Medical Considerations of the US Army Physical Readiness Training Program

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-05-28

25-27) of Army mess practices and energy expenditure in recruit training indicate sufficient caloric intake. During physically exhausting periods of...four or five repetitions. *Nutrition (dietqry *Present mess pructices indicate requirements) should match sufficient caloric intake and energy...increases the flexibility and metabolism of the joints and cartilage affected by the specific exercises. (d) Stimulation of low- caloric consuming

Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Pregnancy Associated Listeriosis in Germany-Immunocompromised Patients and Frequently Consumed Ready-To-Eat Products.

PubMed

Preußel, Karina; Milde-Busch, Astrid; Schmich, Patrick; Wetzstein, Matthias; Stark, Klaus; Werber, Dirk

2015-01-01

Non-pregnancy associated (N-PA) listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a rare but severe disease, and is predominantly food-borne. Most cases appear sporadic and their infection vehicle remains unknown. Incidence has increased since 2008 in Germany. We aimed to identify underlying conditions and foods associated with sporadic N-PA listeriosis in Germany. We performed a nationwide case-control study from March 2012-December 2013. Cases were sporadic N-PA listeriosis patients notified to public health. Control subjects were age (40-65 years, 66-75 years, ≥ 76 years) frequency-matched persons from a nationwide random telephone sample. A structured questionnaire collected information on underlying diseases, therapies and >60 food items. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for host factors identified by causal diagram theory, and calculated population attributable fractions. We enrolled 109 cases and 1982 controls. Cases' median age was 69 years, 55% were male, 44% received immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months prior to illness onset; a further 28% had at least one immunocompromising disease. In multivariable analysis, immunosuppressive therapy (OR 8.8, 95%CI 4.9-15.6), immunocompromising disease (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.4-5.2), gastric acid suppression (OR 3.0; 95%CI 1.4-6.3), the consumption of cold cooked sausages (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.6-4.4), the preferred consumption of packaged cheese (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.3-3.5) and pre-sliced cheese (OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.3-3.7) were significantly associated with N-PA listeriosis. These foods accounted for 59% of all cases. Typical high risk foods, e.g. cold seafood, certain types of cheeses, tended to be negatively associated with disease. In conclusion, immunosuppressive therapy and frequently consumed ready-to-eat foods are the main risk factors for sporadic N-PA listeriosis in Germany. To reduce their risk, immunocompromised persons should consume the identified foods well before the 'use-by' date. The microbiological criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods may insufficiently protect persons who are markedly immunocompromised.

Risk Factors for Sporadic Non-Pregnancy Associated Listeriosis in Germany—Immunocompromised Patients and Frequently Consumed Ready-To-Eat Products

PubMed Central

Preußel, Karina; Milde-Busch, Astrid; Schmich, Patrick; Wetzstein, Matthias; Stark, Klaus; Werber, Dirk

2015-01-01

Non-pregnancy associated (N-PA) listeriosis, caused by Listeria monocytogenes, is a rare but severe disease, and is predominantly food-borne. Most cases appear sporadic and their infection vehicle remains unknown. Incidence has increased since 2008 in Germany. We aimed to identify underlying conditions and foods associated with sporadic N-PA listeriosis in Germany. We performed a nationwide case-control study from March 2012-December 2013. Cases were sporadic N-PA listeriosis patients notified to public health. Control subjects were age (40–65 years, 66–75 years, ≥76 years) frequency-matched persons from a nationwide random telephone sample. A structured questionnaire collected information on underlying diseases, therapies and >60 food items. We conducted multivariable logistic regression analysis, adjusting for host factors identified by causal diagram theory, and calculated population attributable fractions. We enrolled 109 cases and 1982 controls. Cases’ median age was 69 years, 55% were male, 44% received immunosuppressive therapy within 3 months prior to illness onset; a further 28% had at least one immunocompromising disease. In multivariable analysis, immunosuppressive therapy (OR 8.8, 95%CI 4.9–15.6), immunocompromising disease (OR 2.7; 95%CI 1.4–5.2), gastric acid suppression (OR 3.0; 95%CI 1.4–6.3), the consumption of cold cooked sausages (OR 2.6; 95%CI 1.6–4.4), the preferred consumption of packaged cheese (OR 2.1; 95%CI 1.3–3.5) and pre-sliced cheese (OR 2.2; 95%CI 1.3–3.7) were significantly associated with N-PA listeriosis. These foods accounted for 59% of all cases. Typical high risk foods, e.g. cold seafood, certain types of cheeses, tended to be negatively associated with disease. In conclusion, immunosuppressive therapy and frequently consumed ready-to-eat foods are the main risk factors for sporadic N-PA listeriosis in Germany. To reduce their risk, immunocompromised persons should consume the identified foods well before the ‘use-by’ date. The microbiological criteria for Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods may insufficiently protect persons who are markedly immunocompromised. PMID:26599484

Detection of Listeria monocytogenes in ready-to-eat foods sampled from a catering service in Apulia, Italy.

PubMed

Caggiano, Giuseppina; De Giglio, Osvalda; Lovero, Grazia; Rutigliano, Serafina; Diella, Giusy; Balbino, Stella; Napoli, Christian; Montagna, Maria Teresa

2015-01-01

Listeria monocytogenes is currently considered a relevant emerging food-borne pathogen. In particular, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) illustrates its widespread presence in different foods. In the present article, L. monocytogenes prevalence was estimated in cooked ready-to-eat foods sampled from a catering service in a Apulia city, southern Italy. The study was carried out from January to June 2014 in according to Regulation (EC) No. 852/2004, and ISO 11290-1:1996/Amd.1:2004 methods. Listeria spp. was isolated in 8.3% of the samples: L. monocytogenes was identified with the highest prevalence in potato gateau (66.6%), followed by rice dishes (11.1%), Listeria innocua was isolated from potato purea (11.1%) and cooked vegetables (11.1%). These preliminary results confirm the diffusion of the microorganism in ready-to-eat products; therefore, strategies aimed at protecting the consumers should be adopted. First of all, correct hygiene procedures should be followed and then microbiological tests should be implemented in order to early detect Listeria spp. (not only LM) contamination in cooked foods.

Improving the lipid profile of ready-to-cook meat products by addition of omega-3 microcapsules: effect on oxidation and sensory analysis.

PubMed

Pérez-Palacios, Trinidad; Ruiz-Carrascal, Jorge; Jiménez-Martín, Estefanía; Solomando, Juan Carlos; Antequera, Teresa

2018-04-15

The omega-3 enrichment of ready-to-cook meat products by microencapsulated fish oil (MFO) addition was analyzed. Accordingly, three batches of chicken nuggets were prepared: (i) control (C); (ii) enriched in bulk fish oil (BFO); and (iii) with added MFO. Sensory features, acceptability, oxidative stability and volatile compounds were analyzed. MFO nuggets did not differ from C ones with respect to any sensory trait. BFO showed increased juiciness and saltiness but decreased meat flavor. Acceptability was not affected by enrichment. Consumers were not able to differentiate between C and MFO in a triangle test, although they could clearly identify BFO nuggets. Higher levels of lipid and protein oxidation indicators and of volatile compounds from fatty acid oxidation were found in BFO nuggets compared to C and MFO nuggets. Enrichment of ready-to-cook meat products in omega-3 fatty acids with MFO provides both lipid and protein oxidative protection without changes in sensory quality. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with CFRP Cables

PubMed Central

Xie, Xu; Li, Xiaozhang; Shen, Yonggang

2014-01-01

In this study, the scope of CFRP cables in cable-stayed bridges is studied by establishing a numerical model of a 1400-m span of the same. The mechanical properties and characteristics of CFRP stay cables and of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are here subjected to comprehensive analysis. The anomalies in the damping properties of free vibration, nonlinear parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration between steel cables and CFRP cables are determined. The structural stiffness, wind resistance and traffic vibration of the cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are also analyzed. It was found that the static performances of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables and steel cables are basically the same. The natural frequencies of CFRP cables do not coincide with the major natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge, so the likelihood of CFRP cable-bridge coupling vibration is minuscule. For CFRP cables, the response amplitudes of both parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration are smaller than those of steel cables. It can be concluded from the research that the use of CFRP cables does not change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. Therefore, they can be used in long-span cable-stayed bridges with an excellent mechanical performance. PMID:28788710

Static and Dynamic Characteristics of a Long-Span Cable-Stayed Bridge with CFRP Cables.

PubMed

Xie, Xu; Li, Xiaozhang; Shen, Yonggang

2014-06-23

In this study, the scope of CFRP cables in cable-stayed bridges is studied by establishing a numerical model of a 1400-m span of the same. The mechanical properties and characteristics of CFRP stay cables and of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are here subjected to comprehensive analysis. The anomalies in the damping properties of free vibration, nonlinear parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration between steel cables and CFRP cables are determined. The structural stiffness, wind resistance and traffic vibration of the cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables are also analyzed. It was found that the static performances of a cable-stayed bridge with CFRP cables and steel cables are basically the same. The natural frequencies of CFRP cables do not coincide with the major natural frequencies of the cable-stayed bridge, so the likelihood of CFRP cable-bridge coupling vibration is minuscule. For CFRP cables, the response amplitudes of both parametric vibration and wind fluctuating vibration are smaller than those of steel cables. It can be concluded from the research that the use of CFRP cables does not change the dynamic characteristics of the vehicle-bridge coupling vibration. Therefore, they can be used in long-span cable-stayed bridges with an excellent mechanical performance.

Recycling of polymeric fraction of cable waste by rotational moulding.

PubMed

Díaz, Sara; Ortega, Zaida; McCourt, Mark; Kearns, Mark P; Benítez, Antonio N

2018-06-01

This study focuses on the mechanical recycling of polymeric waste that is produced in considerable amount from the cable industry. Every year large amounts of cables become waste; wires recycling has traditionally focused on metal recovery, while the polymer cover has just been considered as a residue, being landfilled or incinerated. Nowadays, increasingly restrictive regulations and concern about environment make necessary to reduce landfilling as much as possible. Main novelty of the study is that the material used in the research is a post-consumer material and the entire residual material is used, without a previous purification, in contrast with similar studies. Characterization of this residue was performed by thermal analysis, showing that the material is mainly made up of a heavy fraction (84% of the residue), which is not able to melt, fact what makes recycling more difficult. Once characterized, the material was ground, blended with virgin polyethylene and reprocessed by rotational moulding. The influence of the amount of residue and parts structure (1, 2 and 3 layers) was assessed, studying the mechanical behaviour of obtained parts (tensile, flexural and impact properties). It has been found that although mechanical properties get reduced with the increased amount of residue, up to a 35% of residue can be used without an important decrease in mechanical properties. On the other hand, the use of multiple layers in the mouldings allowed obtaining a better external appearance without compromising the mechanical properties. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Enhancement of microbial quality and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria by gamma irradiation of ready-to-cook Iranian barbecued chicken

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fallah, Aziz A.; Siavash Saei-Dehkordi, S.; Rahnama, Mohammad

2010-10-01

Ready-to-cook Iranian barbecued chicken consists of cubed chicken breast, lemon juice, salt, red pepper, onion, saffron and vegetable oil with an overall pH value of about 5.5. This product is sometimes consumed under-cooked, hence it may pose health hazards to consumers when contaminated with food-borne pathogens. In this study, the effect of gamma irradiation (0, 1.5, 3 and 4.5 kGy) on the microbial quality of ready-to-cook (RTC) barbecued chicken samples stored at 4 °C for 15 days was investigated. Moreover, the effectiveness of irradiation for inactivating Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella typhimurium inoculated into the samples was also studied. Irradiation of the samples resulted in dose dependent reduction in counts of aerobic mesophilic bacteria, yeasts and molds, Enterobacteriaceae and lactic acid bacteria. Among the microbial flora, yeasts and molds and Enterobacteriaceae were more sensitive to irradiation and got completely eliminated at dose of 3 kGy. D10 values of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7 and S. typhimurium inoculated into the samples were 0.680, 0.397 and 0.601 kGy, respectively. An irradiation dose of 3 kGy reduced the counts of E. coli O157:H7 to an undetectable level in RTC barbecued chicken but was ineffective on elimination of L. monocytogenes and S. typhimurium. However, none of the food-borne pathogens were detected in the samples irradiated at 4.5 kGy. This study showed that irradiation had no undesirable effects on the initial sensory attributes of barbecued chicken. At the end of the storage period, irradiated samples were more acceptable compared to non-irradiated ones.

30 CFR 77.601 - Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary splices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary... OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.601 Trailing cables or portable cables; temporary splices. Temporary splices in trailing cables or portable cables shall be made in a workmanlike manner and...

47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...

47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...

47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories. (a) Cable consists of: Aerial cable, underground cable, buried cable, submarine cable, deep sea...

Reliability and Characterization of High Voltage Power Capacitors

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-01

Cable The HVPS cable is a specialized coaxial cable that utilizes a high voltage bayonet connector. The cable itself has a voltage rating in excess...the( LabVIEW(program( GPIB( CABLE ( HVPS( HVPS( COAXIAL ( CABLE ( BNC( COAXIAL ( CABLE ( BNC( COAXIAL ( CABLE ( CAPACITOR(‘C’(DATA( CAPACITOR(‘A’(DATA( Circuit...16   F.   CABLES AND CONNECTORS ...................................................................16

A new cable-tie based sternal closure system: description of the device, technique of implantation and first clinical evaluation

PubMed Central

2012-01-01

Background Wire closure still remains the preferred technique despite reasonable disadvantages. Associated complications, such as infection and sternal instability, cause time- and cost-consuming therapies. We present a new tool for sternal closure with its first clinical experience and results. Methods The sternal ZipFixTM System is based on the cable-tie principle. It primarily consists of biocompatible Poly-Ether-Ether-Ketone implants and is predominantly used peristernally through the intercostal space. The system provides a large implant-to-bone contact for better force distribution and for avoiding bone cut through. Results 50 patients were closed with the ZipFixTM system. No sternal instability was observed at 30 days. Two patients developed a mediastinitis that necessitated the removal of the device; however, the ZipFixTM were intact and the sternum remained stable. Conclusions In our initial evaluation, the short-term results have shown that the sternal ZipFixTM can be used safely and effectively. It is fast, easy to use and serves as a potential alternative for traditional wire closure. PMID:22731778

Modeling vibration response and damping of cables and cabled structures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Spak, Kaitlin S.; Agnes, Gregory S.; Inman, Daniel J.

2015-02-01

In an effort to model the vibration response of cabled structures, the distributed transfer function method is developed to model cables and a simple cabled structure. The model includes shear effects, tension, and hysteretic damping for modeling of helical stranded cables, and includes a method for modeling cable attachment points using both linear and rotational damping and stiffness. The damped cable model shows agreement with experimental data for four types of stranded cables, and the damped cabled beam model shows agreement with experimental data for the cables attached to a beam structure, as well as improvement over the distributed mass method for cabled structure modeling.

30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...

30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...

30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...

30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable....607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and power cable connections to junction boxes shall not be made or broken under load. ...

Frequency of isolation of Campylobacter from roasted chicken samples from Mexico City.

PubMed

Quiñones-Ramírez, E I; Vázquez-Salinas, C; Rodas-Suárez, O R; Ramos-Flores, M O; Rodríguez-Montaño, R

2000-01-01

The presence of Campylobacter spp. was investigated in 100 samples of roasted chicken tacos sold in well-established commercial outlets and semisettled street stands in Mexico City. From 600 colonies displaying Campylobacter morphology only 123 isolates were positive. From these isolates, 51 (41%) were identified as C. jejuni, 23 (19%) as C. coli, and 49 (40%) as other species of this genus. All of the 27 positive samples came from one location where handling practices allowed cross-contamination of the cooked product. The results indicate that these ready-to-consume products are contaminated with these bacteria, representing a potential risk for consumers, especially in establishments lacking adequate sanitary measures to prevent cross-contamination.

Defined contribution health care: future direction or fantasy?

PubMed

Ostuw, R

2000-01-01

Will payers embrace defined contribution plans as an alternative to traditional health insurance or is this new approach a pipe dream? Are consumers truly ready to make informed decisions on purchasing their own health care? This article explores barriers to defined contribution health plans, including consumer reluctance to take ownership of buying insurance and a preference for the cost predictability of liberal coverage in employer-sponsored programs versus MSAs or higher co-payment arrangements. For the ultimate form of defined contribution health care to work, several tax and insurance barriers must be overcome. As a practical matter, the author argues that the current employer-sponsored approach is the most efficient system for large employers.

Deep fiber networks: new ready-to-deploy architectures yield technical and economic benefits

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sipes, Donald L., Jr.; Loveless, Robert

2001-07-01

The advent of digital technology in HFC networks has opened up a myriad of opportunities for MSOs. The introduction of these advanced services comes at a cost: namely, the need for increased capacity; and especially increased reusable bandwidth. In HFC networks all services are ostensibly broadcast: the prime difference between services being the footprint over which these services are broadcast. Channel lineups for broadcast video services typically cover the largest are. Advertising zones are typically second, usually on the order of a typical 20K home hub. For initial penetrations for high speed data services such as cable modems, a typical hub site will be divided into several sectors using a single 6 MHz channel. Telephony services are broadcast over the smallest area, typically a 6 MHz channel for each node. Naturally as penetration of these services increase, the broadcast area for each will also decrease.

30 CFR 75.607 - Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Breaking trailing cable and power cable... LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.607 Breaking trailing cable and power cable connections. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cable and...

The analysis of cable forces based on natural frequency

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suangga, Made; Hidayat, Irpan; Juliastuti; Bontan, Darwin Julius

2017-12-01

A cable is a flexible structural member that is effective at resisting tensile forces. Cables are used in a variety of structures that employ their unique characteristics to create efficient design tension members. The condition of the cable forces in the cable supported structure is an important indication of judging whether the structure is in good condition. Several methods have been developed to measure on site cable forces. Vibration technique using correlation between natural frequency and cable forces is a simple method to determine in situ cable forces, however the method need accurate information on the boundary condition, cable mass, and cable length. The natural frequency of the cable is determined using FFT (Fast Fourier Transform) Technique to the acceleration record of the cable. Based on the natural frequency obtained, the cable forces then can be determine by analytical or by finite element program. This research is focus on the vibration techniques to determine the cable forces, to understand the physical parameter effect of the cable and also modelling techniques to the natural frequency and cable forces.

Prevalence and level of Listeria monocytogenes and other Listeria sp. in ready-to-eat minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables.

PubMed

Kovačević, Mira; Burazin, Jelena; Pavlović, Hrvoje; Kopjar, Mirela; Piližota, Vlasta

2013-04-01

Minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables can be contaminated with Listeria species bacteria including Listeria monocytogenes due to extensive handling during processing or by cross contamination from the processing environment. The objective of this study was to examine the microbiological quality of ready-to-eat minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables from supermarkets in Osijek, Croatia. 100 samples of ready-to-eat vegetables collected from different supermarkets in Osijek, Croatia, were analyzed for presence of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes. The collected samples were cut iceberg lettuces (24 samples), other leafy vegetables (11 samples), delicatessen salads (23 samples), cabbage salads (19 samples), salads from mixed (17 samples) and root vegetables (6 samples). Listeria species was found in 20 samples (20 %) and Listeria monocytogenes was detected in only 1 sample (1 %) of cut red cabbage (less than 100 CFU/g). According to Croatian and EU microbiological criteria these results are satisfactory. However, the presence of Listeria species and Listeria monocytogenes indicates poor hygiene quality. The study showed that these products are often improperly labeled, since 24 % of analyzed samples lacked information about shelf life, and 60 % of samples lacked information about storage conditions. With regard to these facts, cold chain abruption with extended use after expiration date is a probable scenario. Therefore, the microbiological risk for consumers of ready-to-eat minimally processed and refrigerated vegetables is not completely eliminated.

Cable equation for general geometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

López-Sánchez, Erick J.; Romero, Juan M.

2017-02-01

The cable equation describes the voltage in a straight cylindrical cable, and this model has been employed to model electrical potential in dendrites and axons. However, sometimes this equation might give incorrect predictions for some realistic geometries, in particular when the radius of the cable changes significantly. Cables with a nonconstant radius are important for some phenomena, for example, discrete swellings along the axons appear in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimers, Parkinsons, human immunodeficiency virus associated dementia, and multiple sclerosis. In this paper, using the Frenet-Serret frame, we propose a generalized cable equation for a general cable geometry. This generalized equation depends on geometric quantities such as the curvature and torsion of the cable. We show that when the cable has a constant circular cross section, the first fundamental form of the cable can be simplified and the generalized cable equation depends on neither the curvature nor the torsion of the cable. Additionally, we find an exact solution for an ideal cable which has a particular variable circular cross section and zero curvature. For this case we show that when the cross section of the cable increases the voltage decreases. Inspired by this ideal case, we rewrite the generalized cable equation as a diffusion equation with a source term generated by the cable geometry. This source term depends on the cable cross-sectional area and its derivates. In addition, we study different cables with swelling and provide their numerical solutions. The numerical solutions show that when the cross section of the cable has abrupt changes, its voltage is smaller than the voltage in the cylindrical cable. Furthermore, these numerical solutions show that the voltage can be affected by geometrical inhomogeneities on the cable.

Advanced dendritic web growth development and development of single-crystal silicon dendritic ribbon and high-efficiency solar cell program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Duncan, C. S.; Seidensticker, R. G.; Mchugh, J. P.; Hopkins, R. H.

1986-01-01

Efforts to demonstrate that the dendritic web technology is ready for commercial use by the end of 1986 continues. A commercial readiness goal involves improvements to crystal growth furnace throughput to demonstrate an area growth rate of greater than 15 sq cm/min while simultaneously growing 10 meters or more of ribbon under conditions of continuous melt replenishment. Continuous means that the silicon melt is being replenished at the same rate that it is being consumed by ribbon growth so that the melt level remains constant. Efforts continue on computer thermal modeling required to define high speed, low stress, continuous growth configurations; the study of convective effects in the molten silicon and growth furnace cover gas; on furnace component modifications; on web quality assessments; and on experimental growth activities.

Cable and Line Inspection Mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, Terence J. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

An automated cable and line inspection mechanism visually scans the entire surface of a cable as the mechanism travels along the cable=s length. The mechanism includes a drive system, a video camera, a mirror assembly for providing the camera with a 360 degree view of the cable, and a laser micrometer for measuring the cable=s diameter. The drive system includes an electric motor and a plurality of drive wheels and tension wheels for engaging the cable or line to be inspected, and driving the mechanism along the cable. The mirror assembly includes mirrors that are positioned to project multiple images of the cable on the camera lens, each of which is of a different portion of the cable. A data transceiver and a video transmitter are preferably employed for transmission of video images, data and commands between the mechanism and a remote control station.

Cable and line inspection mechanism

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ross, Terence J. (Inventor)

2003-01-01

An automated cable and line inspection mechanism visually scans the entire surface of a cable as the mechanism travels along the cable=s length. The mechanism includes a drive system, a video camera, a mirror assembly for providing the camera with a 360 degree view of the cable, and a laser micrometer for measuring the cable=s diameter. The drive system includes an electric motor and a plurality of drive wheels and tension wheels for engaging the cable or line to be inspected, and driving the mechanism along the cable. The mirror assembly includes mirrors that are positioned to project multiple images of the cable on the camera lens, each of which is of a different portion of the cable. A data transceiver and a video transmitter are preferably employed for transmission of video images, data and commands between the mechanism and a remote control station.

Mechanisms of Cables 1 gene inactivation in human ovarian cancer development.

PubMed

Sakamoto, Hideo; Friel, Anne M; Wood, Antony W; Guo, Lankai; Ilic, Ana; Seiden, Michael V; Chung, Daniel C; Lynch, Maureen P; Serikawa, Takehiro; Munro, Elizabeth; Oliva, Esther; Orsulic, Sandra; Kirley, Sandra D; Foster, Rosemary; Zukerberg, Lawrence R; Rueda, Bo R

2008-02-01

Cables 1, a cyclin-dependent kinase binding protein, is primarily involved in cell cycle regulation. Loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression is observed in human colon, lung and endometrial cancers. We previously reported that loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression was also observed with high frequency in a limited sample set of human ovarian carcinomas, although the mechanisms underlying loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression remained unknown. Our present objective was to examine Cables 1 expression in ovarian cancer in greater detail, and determine the predominant mechanisms of Cables 1 loss. We assessed potential genetic and epigenetic modifications of the Cables 1 locus through analyses of mutation, polymorphisms, loss of heterozygosity and DNA methylation. We observed a marked loss of nuclear Cables 1 expression in serous and endometrioid ovarian carcinomas that correlated with decreased Cables 1 mRNA levels. Although we detected no Cables 1 mutations, there was evidence of LOH at the Cables 1 locus and epigenetic modification of the Cables 1 promoter region in a subset of ovarian carcinomas and established cancer cell lines. From a functional perspective, over-expression of Cables 1 induced apoptosis, whereas, knockdown of Cables 1 negated this effect. Together these findings suggest that multiple mechanisms underlie the loss of Cables 1 expression in ovarian cancer cells, supporting the hypothesis that Cables 1 is a tumor suppressor in human ovarian cancer.

Development of inspection robots for bridge cables.

PubMed

Yun, Hae-Bum; Kim, Se-Hoon; Wu, Liuliu; Lee, Jong-Jae

2013-01-01

This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented.

Environmental Impact of a Submarine Cable: Case Study of the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC)/ Pioneer Seamount Cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kogan, I.; Paull, C. K.; Kuhnz, L.; von Thun, S.; Burton, E.; Greene, H. G.; Barry, J. P.

2003-12-01

To better understand the potential impacts of the presence of cables on the seabed, a topic of interest for which little data is published or publicly available, a study of the environmental impacts of the ATOC/Pioneer Seamount cable was conducted. The 95 km long, submarine, coaxial cable extends between Pioneer Seamount and the Pillar Point Air Force Station in Half Moon Bay, California. Approximately two thirds of the cable lies within the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary. The cable is permitted to NOAA- Oceanic and Atmospheric Research for transmitting data from a hydrophone array on Pioneer Seamount to shore. The cable was installed unburied on the seafloor in 1995. The cable path crosses the continental shelf, descends to a maximum depth of 1,933 m, and climbs back upslope to 998 m depth near the crest of Pioneer Seamount. A total of 42 hours of video and 152 push cores were collected in 10 stations along cable and control transects using the ROVs Ventana and Tiburon equipped with cable-tracking tools. The condition of the cable, its effect on the seafloor, and distribution of benthic megafauna and infauna were determined. Video data indicated the nature of interaction between the cable and the seafloor. Rocky nearshore areas, where wave energies are greatest, showed the clearest evidence of impact. Here, evidence of abrasion included frayed and unraveling portions of the cable's armor and vertical grooves in the rock apparently cut by the cable. The greatest incision and armor damage occurred on ledges between spans in irregular rock outcrop areas. Unlike the nearshore rocky region, neither the rocks nor the cable appeared damaged along outcrops on Pioneer Seamount. Multiple loops of slack cable added during a 1997 cable repair operation were found lying flat on the seafloor. Several sharp kinks in the cable were seen at 240 m water depths in an area subjected to intense trawling activity. Most of the cable has become buried with time in sediment substrates on the continental shelf whereas much of the cable remains exposed in sediments at deeper depths. The cable is exposed in rocky environments of the nearshore region and on all of Pioneer Seamount. The main biological features associated with the cable were organisms utilizing the cable as substrate and occasionally as shelter. Considerable care was taken to count megafauna in video transects and macrofauna from the top 5 cm of push cores. Few differences were found between cable and control sites at the 95% confidence level. Anemones Metridium farcimen and Stomphia sp. colonized the cable and were more abundant in cable transects at most soft sediment sites. Coarse extrapolation of the transect data suggest that more than 5,000 M. farcimen may live on the continental shelf portion of the cable. Several other species of anemones living on the cable are common along deeper sections of the cable route. Where the cable was buried, the presence of linear rows of sea anemones proved to be a reliable indicator of the cable's position. Flatfish and rockfish apparently congregate near the cable and were as much as 1 order of magnitude more abundant near the cable at some sites.

30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...

30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...

30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...

30 CFR 75.827 - Guarding of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... grounded metal. (b) Suspended cables and cable crossovers. When equipment must cross any portion of the cable, the cable must be either: (1) Suspended from the mine roof; or (2) Protected by a cable crossover...

47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...

47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...

47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...

47 CFR 76.802 - Disposition of cable home wiring.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Disposition of cable home wiring. 76.802... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Inside Wiring § 76.802 Disposition of cable home wiring... cable operator shall not remove the cable home wiring unless it gives the subscriber the opportunity to...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

47 CFR 27.1202 - Cable/BRS cross-ownership.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... portion of the franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system and the cable operator... franchise area actually served by the cable operator's cable system the cable operator will use the BRS... that no portion of the GSA of the BRS station is within the portion of the franchise area actually...

Experimental Measurements and Comparison of Cable Performance for Mine Hunting Applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mangum, Katherine

2005-11-01

The Naval Surface Warfare Center (NSWCCD) conducted testing of multiple faired synthetic cables in the High Speed Basin in April, 2005. The objective of the test was to determine the hydrodynamic characteristics of bare cables, ribbon faired cables, and cables with extruded plastic ``strakes.'' Faired cables are used to gain on-station time and improve performance of the MH-60 Helicopter when towing mine hunting vehicles. Drag and strum were compared for all cases. Strum was quantified by computing standard deviations of lateral cable acceleration amplitudes. Drag coefficients were calculated using cable tension and angle readings. While the straked cables strummed less than the bare synthetic cable, they did not reduce strum levels as well as ribbon fairing at steep cable angles for speeds of 10, 15, 20 and 25 knots. The drag coefficient of the straked cables was calculated to be higher than that of a bare cable, although further testing is needed to determine an exact number.

Development of Inspection Robots for Bridge Cables

PubMed Central

Kim, Se-Hoon; Lee, Jong-Jae

2013-01-01

This paper presents the bridge cable inspection robot developed in Korea. Two types of the cable inspection robots were developed for cable-suspension bridges and cable-stayed bridge. The design of the robot system and performance of the NDT techniques associated with the cable inspection robot are discussed. A review on recent advances in emerging robot-based inspection technologies for bridge cables and current bridge cable inspection methods is also presented. PMID:24459453

47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to... cable and intrabuilding network cable. Where an entire cable or aerial wire is assignable to one...

47 CFR 36.153 - Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to categories.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF... Telecommunications Property Cable and Wire Facilities § 36.153 Assignment of Cable and Wire Facilities (C&WF) to... cable and intrabuilding network cable. Where an entire cable or aerial wire is assignable to one...

Damping Estimation from Free Decay Responses of Cables with MR Dampers.

PubMed

Weber, Felix; Distl, Hans

2015-01-01

This paper discusses the damping measurements on cables with real-time controlled MR dampers that were performed on a laboratory scale single strand cable and on cables of the Sutong Bridge, China. The control approach aims at producing amplitude and frequency independent cable damping which is confirmed by the tests. The experimentally obtained cable damping in comparison to the theoretical value due to optimal linear viscous damping reveals that support conditions of the cable anchors, force tracking errors in the actual MR damper force, energy spillover to higher modes, and excitation and sensor cables hanging on the stay cable must be taken into consideration for the interpretation of the identified cable damping values.

Damping Estimation from Free Decay Responses of Cables with MR Dampers

PubMed Central

Weber, Felix; Distl, Hans

2015-01-01

This paper discusses the damping measurements on cables with real-time controlled MR dampers that were performed on a laboratory scale single strand cable and on cables of the Sutong Bridge, China. The control approach aims at producing amplitude and frequency independent cable damping which is confirmed by the tests. The experimentally obtained cable damping in comparison to the theoretical value due to optimal linear viscous damping reveals that support conditions of the cable anchors, force tracking errors in the actual MR damper force, energy spillover to higher modes, and excitation and sensor cables hanging on the stay cable must be taken into consideration for the interpretation of the identified cable damping values. PMID:26167537

Declaration of nutrition information on and nutritional quality of Thai ready-to-eat packaged food products.

PubMed

Pongutta, Suladda; Chongwatpol, Pitipa; Tantayapirak, Parwin; Vandevijvere, Stefanie

2018-06-01

The present study assessed the nutrition information displayed on ready-to-eat packaged foods and the nutritional quality of those food products in Thailand. In March 2015, the nutrition information panels and nutrition and health claims on ready-to-eat packaged foods were collected from the biggest store of each of the twelve major retailers, using protocols developed by the International Network for Food and Obesity/Non-communicable Diseases Research, Monitoring and Action Support (INFORMAS). The Thai Nutrient Profile Model was used to classify food products according to their nutritional quality as 'healthier' or 'less healthy'. In total, information from 7205 food products was collected across five broad food categories. Out of those products, 5707 (79·2 %), 2536 (35·2 %) and 1487 (20·6 %) carried a nutrition facts panel, a Guideline Daily Amount (GDA) label and health-related claims, respectively. Only 4691 (65·1 %) and 2484 (34·5 %) of the products that displayed the nutrition facts or a GDA label, respectively, followed the guidelines of the Thai Food and Drug Administration. In total, 4689 products (65·1 %) could be classified according to the Thai Nutrient Profile Model, of which 432 products (9·2 %) were classified as healthier. Moreover, among the 1487 products carrying health-related claims, 1219 (82·0 %) were classified as less healthy. Allowing less healthy food products to carry claims could mislead consumers and result in overconsumption of ready-to-eat food products. The findings suggest effective policies should be implemented to increase the relative availability of healthier ready-to-eat packaged foods, as well as to improve the provision of nutrition information on labels in Thailand.

Evaluation and application of prebiotic and probiotic ingredients for development of ready to drink tea beverage.

PubMed

Tewari, Shweta; Dubey, Kriti Kumari; Singhal, Rekha S

2018-04-01

Ready-to-drink (RTD) ice tea is a ready prepared tea, produced from green and black tea originating from same plant Camellia sinensis . The objective of this study was to determine the effect of prebiotics [galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS), fructo-oligosaccharide (FOS), and inulin] or synbiotic ingredients (GOS, FOS, inulin, and Lactobacillus acidophilus ) on the sensory properties and consumer acceptability of RTD. The quality of green tea extract (GTE) and black tea extract (BTE) was improved with pretreatment of cellulase and pectinase enzymes. The combined enzymatic extraction amplified total extractives up to 76% in GTE and 72% in BTE. Total polyphenol was found to be enhanced to 24% in GTE and 19% in BTE. GTE was further selected for development of RTD in two different formats; synbiotic RTD and prebiotic RTD premix and analyzed for sensory attributes (colour, aroma, taste, and acceptability). Synbiotic RTD was also evaluated for stability over a period of 28 days at 4 °C. Synbiotic RTD developed an unpleasant flavor and aroma during the shelf life. Premix format of RTD developed using spray drying was reconstituted and found to be functionally and sensorially acceptable.

An efficient intensity-based ready-to-use X-ray image stitcher.

PubMed

Wang, Junchen; Zhang, Xiaohui; Sun, Zhen; Yuan, Fuzhen

2018-06-14

The limited field of view of the X-ray image intensifier makes it difficult to cover a large target area with a single X-ray image. X-ray image stitching techniques have been proposed to produce a panoramic X-ray image. This paper presents an efficient intensity-based X-ray image stitcher, which does not rely on accurate C-arm motion control or auxiliary devices and hence is ready to use in clinic. The stitcher consumes sequentially captured X-ray images with overlap areas and automatically produces a panoramic image. The gradient information for optimization of image alignment is obtained using a back-propagation scheme so that it is convenient to adopt various image warping models. The proposed stitcher has the following advantages over existing methods: (1) no additional hardware modification or auxiliary markers are needed; (2) it is robust against feature-based approaches; (3) arbitrary warping models and shapes of the region of interest are supported; (4) seamless stitching is achieved using multi-band blending. Experiments have been performed to confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method. The proposed X-ray image stitcher is efficient, accurate and ready to use in clinic. Copyright © 2018 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Battery with modular air cathode and anode cage

DOEpatents

Niksa, Marilyn J.; Pohto, Gerald R.; Lakatos, Leslie K.; Wheeler, Douglas J.; Niksa, Andrew J.; Schue, Thomas J.

1987-01-01

A battery assembly of the consumable metal anode type has now been constructed for ready assembly as well as disassembly. In a non-conductive and at least substantially inert cell body, space is provided for receiving an open-structured, non-consumable anode cage. The cage has an open top for facilitating insertion of an anode. A modular cathode is used, comprising a peripheral current conductor frame clamped about a grid reinforced air cathode in sheet form. The air cathode may be double gridded. The cathode frame can be sealed, during assembly, with electrolyte-resistant-sealant as well as with adhesive. The resulting cathode module can be assembled outside the cell body and readily inserted therein, or can later be easily removed therefrom.

Battery with modular air cathode and anode cage

DOEpatents

Niksa, Marilyn J.; Pohto, Gerald R.; Lakatos, Leslie K.; Wheeler, Douglas J.; Niksa, Andrew J.; Schue, Thomas J.; Turk, Thomas R.

1988-01-01

A battery assembly of the consumable metal anode type has now been constructed for ready assembly as well as disassembly. In a non-conductive and at least substantially inert cell body, space is provided for receiving an open-structured, non-consumable anode cage. The cage has an open top for facilitating insertion of an anode. A modular cathode is used, comprising a peripheral current conductor frame clamped about a grid reinforced air cathode in sheet form. The air cathode may be double gridded. The cathode frame can be sealed, during assembly, with electrolyte-resistant-sealant as well as with adhesive. The resulting cathode module can be assembled outside the cell body and readily inserted therein, or can later be easily removed therefrom.

Method of making a unitized electrode assembly

DOEpatents

Niksa, Marilyn J.; Pohto, Gerald R.; Lakatos, Leslie K.; Wheeler, Douglas J.; Solomon, Frank; Niksa, Andrew J.; Schue, Thomas J.; Genodman, Yury; Turk, Thomas R.; Hagel, Daniel P.

1988-01-01

A battery assembly of the consumable metal anode type has now been constructed for ready assembly as well as disassembly. In a non-conductive and at least substantially inert cell body, space is provided for receiving an open-structured, non-consumable anode cage. The cage has an open top for facilitating insertion of an anode. A modular cathode is used, comprising a peripheral current conductor frame clamped about a grid reinforced air cathode in sheet form. The air cathode may be double gridded. The cathode frame can be sealed, during assembly, with electrolyte-resistant-sealant as well as with adhesive. The resulting cathode module can be assembled outside the cell body and readily inserted therein, or can later be easily removed therefrom.

Method of making a unitized electrode assembly

DOEpatents

Niksa, M.J.; Pohto, G.R.; Lakatos, L.K.; Wheeler, D.J.; Solomon, F.; Niksa, A.J.; Schue, T.J.; Genodman, Y.; Turk, T.R.; Hagel, D.P.

1988-12-06

A battery assembly of the consumable metal anode type has now been constructed for ready assembly as well as disassembly. In a non-conductive and at least substantially inert cell body, space is provided for receiving an open-structured, non-consumable anode cage. The cage has an open top for facilitating insertion of an anode. A modular cathode is used, comprising a peripheral current conductor frame clamped about a grid reinforced air cathode in sheet form. The air cathode may be double gridded. The cathode frame can be sealed, during assembly, with electrolyte-resistant-sealant as well as with adhesive. The resulting cathode module can be assembled outside the cell body and readily inserted therein, or can later be easily removed therefrom. 6 figs.

Comparison study of cable geometries and superconducting tape layouts for high-temperature superconductor cables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ta, Wurui; Shao, Tianchong; Gao, Yuanwen

2018-04-01

High-temperature superconductor (HTS) rare-earth-barium-copper-oxide (REBCO) tapes are very promising for use in high-current cables. The cable geometry and the layout of the superconducting tapes are directly related to the performance of the HTS cable. In this paper, we use numerical methods to perform a comparison study of multiple-stage twisted stacked-tape cable (TSTC) conductors to find better cable structures that can both improve the critical current and minimize the alternating current (AC) losses of the cable. The sub-cable geometry is designed to have a stair-step shape. Three superconducting tape layouts are chosen and their transport performance and AC losses are evaluated. The magnetic field and current density profiles of the cables are obtained. The results show that arrangement of the superconducting tapes from the interior towards the exterior of the cable based on their critical current values in descending order can enhance the cable's transport capacity while significantly reducing the AC losses. These results imply that cable transport capacity improvements can be achieved by arranging the superconducting tapes in a manner consistent with the electromagnetic field distribution. Through comparison of the critical currents and AC losses of four types of HTS cables, we determine the best structural choice among these cables.

Crystal River 3 Cable Materials for Thermal and Gamma Radiation Aging

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fifield, Leonard S.; Correa, Miguel; Zwoster, Andy

The Expanded Materials Degradation Assessment Volume 5: Aging of Cables and Cable Systems (EMDA) summarizes the state of knowledge of materials, constructions, operating environments, and aging behavior of low voltage and medium cables in nuclear power plants (NPPs) and identifies potential knowledge gaps with regard to cable operation beyond 60 years. The greatest area of uncertainty relates to how well the accelerated aging used in the original equipment qualification (EQ) processes predicts the performance of cable materials in extended operation. General opinion and utility experience have indicated that actual operating environments of in-plant cables are not as severe, however, asmore » the operating and design basis environments used in the qualification process. Better understanding of the long term aging behavior of cable insulation materials in service conditions and the analysis of actual cable operating environments are the objectives of ongoing research to support subsequent license renewal activities in particular and long term cable aging management in general. A key component of the effort to better understand cable material aging behavior is the availability of representative samples of cables that have been installed in operating light water reactors and have experienced long term service. Unique access to long term service cables, including relatively rich information on cable identity and history, occurred in 2016 through the assistance of the Electric Power Research Institute (EPRI). EPRI facilitated DOE receipt of harvested cables from the decommissioned Crystal River Unit 3 (CR3) pressurized water reactor representing six of the nine most common low voltage cable manufacturers (EPRI 103841R1): Rockbestos, Anaconda Wire and Cable Company (Anaconda), Boston Insulated Wire (BIW), Brand-Rex, Kerite and Okonite. Cable samples received had been installed in the operating plant for durations ranging from 10 years to 36 years. These cables provide the opportunity to assess actual in-plant material aging and compare it to the expectations for service aging implied in original equipment qualification. The received samples are from cables manufactured as early as 1971 and as late as 1998. Of the original manufacturers, BIW, Anaconda and Kerite no longer supply low-voltage cables to the nuclear industry. Okonite, Rockbestos, and Brand-Rex do still supply nuclear-grade low-voltage cables, but most cable insulation formulations have changed over the years. Thus the availability of the CR3 samples representative of cables installed in existing U.S. NPPs also presents the opportunity for additional aging studies on the most relevant insulation and jacketing materials. This report describes the cables received from CR3 through EPRI assistance, some of the specific knowledge gaps that study of these cable materials can be used to address, and experimental plans for addressing those gaps using these materials. Harvested cables from CR3 and other NPPs that have experienced long term service, new old stock cables (manufactured before 2000, but never put in service), and relevant modern nuclear cables and materials from cable manufacturers are enabling research to address identified knowledge gaps and better understand long term aging behavior for cable materials currently installed in NPPs. This research, combined with refined understanding of actual service environments and conditions, will both support subsequent licensing activities and more efficient plant cable aging management.« less

Cable load sensing device

DOEpatents

Beus, Michael J.; McCoy, William G.

1998-01-01

Apparatus for sensing the magnitude of a load on a cable as the cable is employed to support the load includes a beam structure clamped to the cable so that a length of the cable lies along the beam structure. A spacer associated with the beam structure forces a slight curvature in a portion of the length of cable under a cable "no-load" condition so that the portion of the length of cable is spaced from the beam structure to define a cable curved portion. A strain gauge circuit including strain gauges is secured to the beam structure by welding. As the cable is employed to support a load the load causes the cable curved portion to exert a force normal to the cable through the spacer and on the beam structure to deform the beam structure as the cable curved portion attempts to straighten under the load. As this deformation takes place, the resistance of the strain gauges is set to a value proportional to the magnitude of the normal strain on the beam structure during such deformation. The magnitude of the normal strain is manipulated in a control device to generate a value equal to the magnitude or weight of the load supported by the cable.

PCACE- PERSONAL COMPUTER AIDED CABLING ENGINEERING

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Billitti, J. W.

1994-01-01

A computerized interactive harness engineering program has been developed to provide an inexpensive, interactive system which is designed for learning and using an engineering approach to interconnection systems. PCACE is basically a database system that stores information as files of individual connectors and handles wiring information in circuit groups stored as records. This directly emulates the typical manual engineering methods of data handling, thus making the user interface to the program very natural. Data files can be created, viewed, manipulated, or printed in real time. The printed ouput is in a form ready for use by fabrication and engineering personnel. PCACE also contains a wide variety of error-checking routines including connector contact checks during hardcopy generation. The user may edit existing harness data files or create new files. In creating a new file, the user is given the opportunity to insert all the connector and harness boiler plate data which would be part of a normal connector wiring diagram. This data includes the following: 1) connector reference designator, 2) connector part number, 3) backshell part number, 4) cable reference designator, 5) cable part number, 6) drawing revision, 7) relevant notes, 8) standard wire gauge, and 9) maximum circuit count. Any item except the maximum circuit count may be left blank, and any item may be changed at a later time. Once a file is created and organized, the user is directed to the main menu and has access to the file boiler plate, the circuit wiring records, and the wiring records index list. The organization of a file is such that record zero contains the connector/cable boiler plate, and all other records contain circuit wiring data. Each wiring record will handle a circuit with as many as nine wires in the interface. The record stores the circuit name and wire count and the following data for each wire: 1) wire identifier, 2) contact, 3) splice, 4) wire gauge if different from standard, 5) wire/group type, 6) wire destination, and 7) note number. The PCACE record structure allows for a wide variety of wiring forms using splices and shields, yet retains sufficient structure to maintain ease of use. PCACE is written in TURBO Pascal 3.0 and has been implemented on IBM PC, XT, and AT systems under DOS 3.1 with a memory of 512K of 8 bit bytes, two floppy disk drives, an RGB monitor, and a printer with ASCII control characters. PCACE was originally developed in 1983, and the IBM version was released in 1986.

Effects of high-pressure processing on the safety, quality, and shelf life of ready-to-eat meats.

PubMed

Hayman, Melinda M; Baxter, Irene; O'Riordan, Patrick J; Stewart, Cynthia M

2004-08-01

Ready-to-eat (RTE) meats (low-fat pastrami, Strassburg beef, export sausage, and Cajun beef) were pressure treated at 600 MPa, 20 degrees C, for 180 s to evaluate the feasibility of using high-pressure processing (HPP) for the safe shelf-life extension of these products. After processing, samples were stored at 4 degrees C for 98 days during which time microbiological enumeration and enrichments were performed. Additionally, sensory analyses were undertaken to determine consumer acceptability and purchase intent over the duration of storage. Counts of aerobic and anaerobic mesophiles, lactic acid bacteria, Listeria spp., staphylococci, Brochothrix thermosphacta, coliforms, and yeasts and molds revealed that there were undetectable or low levels for all types of microorganisms throughout storage. Comparison of consumer hedonic ratings for unprocessed and processed meats revealed no difference in consumer acceptability, and no deterioration in the sensory quality was evident for any of the products tested during the study. Additionally, inoculated pack studies were conducted to determine if HPP could be used as a postlethality treatment to reduce or eliminate Listeria monocytogenes and thus assess the potential use of HPP in a hazard analysis critical control point plan for production of RTE meats. Inoculated samples (initial level of 10(4) CFU/g) were pressure treated (600 MPa, 20 degrees C, for 180 s) and stored at 4 degrees C, and survival of L. monocytogenes was monitored for 91 days. L. monocytogenes was not detected by plating methods until day 91, but selective enrichments showed sporadic recovery in three of the four products examined. The results show that HPP at 600 MPa, 20 degrees C, for 180 s can extend the refrigerated shelf life of RTE meats and reduce L. monocytogenes numbers by more than 4 log CFU/g in inoculated product.

Braided tubular superelastic cables provide improved spinal stability compared to multifilament sublaminar cables.

PubMed

Tremblay, Jaëlle; Mac-Thiong, Jean-Marc; Brailovski, Vladimir; Petit, Yvan

2015-09-01

This study investigates the use of braided tubular superelastic cables, previously used for sternum closure following sternotomy, as sublaminar fixation method. It compares the biomechanical performance of spinal instrumentation fixation systems with regular sublaminar cables and proprietary superelastic cables. A hybrid experimental protocol was applied to six porcine L1-L4 spinal segments to compare multifilament sublaminar cables (Atlas, Medtronic Sofamor Danek, Memphis, TN) with proprietary superelastic cables. First, intact total range of motion was determined for all specimens using pure moment loading. Second, pure moments were imposed to the instrumented specimens until these intact total ranges of motion were reproduced. Compared to the intact specimens, the use of superelastic cables resulted in stiffer instrumented specimens than the use of multifilament cables for all the loading modes except axial torsion. Consequently, the superelastic cables limited the instrumented segments mobility more than the multifilament cables. Spinal instrumentation fixation systems using superelastic cables could be a good alternative to conventional sublaminar cables as it maintains a constant stabilization of the spine during loading. © IMechE 2015.

System for stabilizing cable phase delay utilizing a coaxial cable under pressure

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Clements, P. A. (Inventor)

1974-01-01

Stabilizing the phase delay of signals passing through a pressurizable coaxial cable is disclosed. Signals from an appropriate source at a selected frequency, e.g., 100 MHz, are sent through the controlled cable from a first cable end to a second cable end which, electrically, is open or heavily mismatched at 100 MHz, thereby reflecting 100 MHz signals back to the first cable end. Thereat, the phase difference between the reflected-back signals and the signals from the source is detected by a phase detector. The output of the latter is used to control the flow of gas to or from the cable, thereby controlling the cable pressure, which in turn affects the cable phase delay.

Fire related hazards of cables: The Canadian position development of fire resistant inside wiring cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hartley, M. D.; Jaques, R. E.

1986-11-01

The Canadian Electrical Code and the National Building Code in Canada recognize only two designations in regards to fire resistance of cables; cables for use in combustible (residential) buildings and cables for use in non-combustible buildings. The Test standard for cables for non-combustible buildings resembles IEEE-383. However, it is more severe; particularly for small nonarmoured cables such as Inside Wiring Cable. This forthcoming requirement has necessitated material and product development. Although an Inside Wiring cable modification of both insulation and jacket was undertaken, the large volume fraction of combustible material in the jacket vis a vis the insulation made it the area of greatest impact. The paper outlines the development and its effect on cable performance.

Modal resonant dynamics of cables with a flexible support: A modulated diffraction problem

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Guo, Tieding; Kang, Houjun; Wang, Lianhua; Liu, Qijian; Zhao, Yueyu

2018-06-01

Modal resonant dynamics of cables with a flexible support is defined as a modulated (wave) diffraction problem, and investigated by asymptotic expansions of the cable-support coupled system. The support-cable mass ratio, which is usually very large, turns out to be the key parameter for characterizing cable-support dynamic interactions. By treating the mass ratio's inverse as a small perturbation parameter and scaling the cable tension properly, both cable's modal resonant dynamics and the flexible support dynamics are asymptotically reduced by using multiple scale expansions, leading finally to a reduced cable-support coupled model (i.e., on a slow time scale). After numerical validations of the reduced coupled model, cable-support coupled responses and the flexible support induced coupling effects on the cable, are both fully investigated, based upon the reduced model. More explicitly, the dynamic effects on the cable's nonlinear frequency and force responses, caused by the support-cable mass ratio, the resonant detuning parameter and the support damping, are carefully evaluated.

105. VIEW NORTH FROM SLC3W CABLE TUNNEL INTO CABLE VAULT ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

105. VIEW NORTH FROM SLC-3W CABLE TUNNEL INTO CABLE VAULT AND SLC-3E CABLE TUNNEL. NOTE WOODEN PLANKING ON FLOOR OF TUNNEL AND CABLE TRAYS LINING TUNNEL WALLS. STAIRS ON EAST WALL OF CABLE VAULT LEAD INTO LANDLINE INSTRUMENTATION ROOM. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Operations Building, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

Frequency domain reflectometry NDE for aging cables in nuclear power plants

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glass, S. W.; Jones, A. M.; Fifield, L. S.; Hartman, T. S.

2017-02-01

Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components of installed cables within nuclear power plants (NPPs) is known to occur as a function of age, temperature, radiation, and other environmental factors. Although system tests verify cable function under normal loads, demonstration of some cable's ability to perform under exceptional loads associated with design-basis events is essential to assuring plant integrity. The cable's ability to perform safely over the initial 40-year planned and licensed life has generally been demonstrated and there have been very few age-related cable failures. With greater than 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, replacing all the cables would be a severe cost burden. Justification for life extension to 60 and 80 years requires a cable aging management program that includes condition monitoring to justify cable performance under normal operation as well as accident conditions. A variety of tests are available to assess various aspects of electrical and mechanical cable performance, but none are suitable for all cable configurations nor does any single test confirm all features of interest. One particularly promising test that is beginning to be used more and more by utilities is frequency domain reflectometry (FDR). FDR is a nondestructive electrical inspection technique used to detect and localize faults in power and communication system conductors along the length of a cable from a single connection point. FDR detects discontinuities in the electrical impedance that arise due to cable splices or similar changes along the path of the conductor pair. In addition, FDR has the potential to provide sensitivity to insulation degradation by detecting small changes in impedance between the cable conductors being examined. The technique is also sensitive to cable bends, the particular lay of the cable in tray, proximity to other cable, and other factors that bear consideration when interpreting the test results. This paper examines various influences on the FDR approach and compares results of three different instruments to assess accelerated aging damage among several NPP representative cables.

The Cables Gene on Chromosome 18q Is Silenced by Promoter Hypermethylation and Allelic Loss in Human Colorectal Cancer

PubMed Central

Park, Do Youn; Sakamoto, Hideo; Kirley, Sandra D.; Ogino, Shuji; Kawasaki, Takako; Kwon, Eunjeong; Mino-Kenudson, Mari; Lauwers, Gregory Y.; Chung, Daniel C.; Rueda, Bo R.; Zukerberg, Lawrence R.

2007-01-01

Cables is a cyclin-dependent kinase-binding nuclear protein that maps to chromosome 18q11-12. Here, we assessed Cables expression in 160 colorectal cancers (CRCs), its role in colon cancer cell growth, and the potential mechanisms of Cables inactivation. Expression levels, promoter methylation, and mutational status of Cables were investigated in colon cancer cell lines and primary colon tumors. Chromosome 18q loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was evaluated with multiple polymorphic markers. Cables inhibited cellular proliferation and colony formation in colon cancer cell lines. Cables expression was reduced in 65% of primary CRCs. No mutations were detected in 10 exons of Cables in 20 primary colon tumors. Cables promoter was methylated in cell lines with decreased Cables expression and vice versa. 5-Aza-2′-deoxycytidine resulted in increased Cables expression in methylated cell lines. There was a significant correlation between promoter methylation and Cables gene expression in primary colon tumors. Sixty-five percent of primary colon tumors demonstrated chromosome 18q LOH. LOH involving the Cables region was observed in 35% of cases, including those in which more distal portions of chromosome 18q were retained, and Cables expression was decreased in all such cases. Loss of Cables expression in 65% of CRCs suggests that it is a common event in colonic carcinogenesis, with promoter methylation and LOH appearing to be important mechanisms of Cables gene inactivation. PMID:17982127

Investigation of cables for ionization chambers.

PubMed

Spokas, J J; Meeker, R D

1980-01-01

Seven coaxial cables which are in use for carrying currents generated in ionization chambers have been critically studied with reference to their suitability to this application. Included in this study are four low-noise triaxial cables and three low-noise two-conductor cables. For each cable the following characteristics were considered: inherent noise currents, currents produced by cable movements, polarization currents, the degree of electrostatic shielding of the central signal-carrying conductor, and radiation-induced cable currents. The study indicated that of the seven cables, two low-noise triaxial cables, both employing solid Teflon dielectric surrounding the central conductor, appear to offer the best overall performance for use with ionization chambers.

An Internal Coaxial Cable Electrical Connector For Use In Downhole Tools

DOEpatents

Hall, David R.; Hall, Jr., H. Tracy; Pixton, David S.; Dahlgren, Scott; Fox, Joe; Sneddon, Cameron; Briscoe, Michael

2005-11-29

A coaxial cable electrical connector more specifically an internal coaxial cable connector placed within a coaxial cable and its constituent components. A coaxial cable connector is in electrical communcation with an inductive transformer and a coaxial cable. The connector is in electrical communication with the outer housing of the inductive transfonner. A generally coaxial center conductor, a portion of which could be the coil in the inductive transformer, passes through the connector, is electrically insulated from the connector, and is in electrical communication with the conductive care of the coaxial cable. A plurality of bulbous pliant tabs on the coaxial cable connector mechanically engage the inside diameter of the coaxial cable thus grounding the transformer to the coaxial cable. The coaxial cable and inductive transformer are disposed within downhole tools to transmit electrical signals between downhole tools within a drill string.

High power cable with internal water cooling 400 kV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasquin, W.; Harjes, B.

1982-08-01

Due to the concentration of electricity production in large power plants, the need of higher power transmissions, and the protection of environment, developement of a 400 kV water cooled cable in the power range of 1 to 5 GVA was undertaken. The fabrication and testing of equipment, engineering of cable components, fabrication of a test cable, development of cable terminal laboratory, testing of test cable, field testing of test cable, fabrication of industrial cable laboratory, testing of industrial cable, field testing of industrial cable, and system analysis for optimization were prepared. The field testing was impossible to realize. However, it is proved that a cable consisting of an internal stainless steel water cooled tube, covered by stranded copper profiles, insulated with heavy high quality paper, and protected by an aluminum cover can be produced, withstand tests accordingly to IEC/VDE recommendations, and is able to fulfill all exploitation conditions.

30 CFR 7.403 - Application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.403 Application requirements. (a) Electric cables and signaling cables. A single... product: (1) Product information: (i) Cable type (for example, G or G-GC). (ii) Construction (for example...

30 CFR 7.403 - Application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.403 Application requirements. (a) Electric cables and signaling cables. A single... product: (1) Product information: (i) Cable type (for example, G or G-GC). (ii) Construction (for example...

30 CFR 7.403 - Application requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... APPROVAL OF MINING PRODUCTS TESTING BY APPLICANT OR THIRD PARTY Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.403 Application requirements. (a) Electric cables and signaling cables. A single... product: (1) Product information: (i) Cable type (for example, G or G-GC). (ii) Construction (for example...

Effect of oxygen concentration on fire growth of various types of cable bending in horizontal and vertical orientations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pangaribuan, Adrianus; Dhiputra, I. M. K.; Nugroho, Yulianto S.

2017-03-01

Electrical cable is a whole of the material including metal (cooper) conductor and its insulation, when an electrical cable is flowed by electric current, based on its own capacity, the temperature of cable conductor increases gradually. If the current flows above the cable carrying capacity, then an extreme temperature rises are expected. When temperature increase, the electric current flow inside cable conductor will decrease gradually related to the resistance and could occur repeatedly in a period. Since electrical faults on electrical cable system are often suspected as the cause of fires, thus this research aims to investigate measures of preventing the fire to start by means of controlling oxygen concentration in a cable compartment. The experimental work was conducted in laboratory by using electrical power cable of 1.5 mm2 size. Two transparent chambers were applied for studying the effect of vertical and horizontal orientations on the cable temperature rise, under various oxygen concentration of the gas streams. In the present work, the electrical was maintained at a constant level during a typical test run. Parametric studies reported in the paper include the use of a bare and insulated cables as well as the bending shape of the cable lines of a straight cable, coiled cable and randomly bent cable which were loaded with the same electric load and oxygen concentration in the gas supply.

The Over-Selling of Fiber Optics? Cable Planning for Educational Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kovacs, Robert E.

1993-01-01

Describes fiber optic cables and coaxial cables and considers when each would be appropriate for educational technology. Single mode versus multimode fiber optics are explained, advantages and disadvantages of each type of cable are discussed, and guidelines for choosing fiber optic cables and coaxial cables are offered. (LRW)

Helical grip for the cable cars of San Francisco

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Peyran, R. J.

1979-01-01

A helical cable car grip to minimize high maintenance costs of San Francisco's cable car operation is presented. The grip establishes a rolling contact between the cable and grip to reduce sliding friction and associated cable wear. The design, development, and testing of the helical cable car grip are described.

47 CFR 76.1001 - Unfair practices generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... control with a cable operator or cable operators, satellite cable programming vendor or vendors in which a... under common control with, such terrestrial cable programming vendor shall be deemed responsible for... programming vendor is wholly owned by, controlled by, or under common control with a cable operator or cable...

14 CFR 25.689 - Cable systems.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... STANDARDS: TRANSPORT CATEGORY AIRPLANES Design and Construction Control Systems § 25.689 Cable systems. (a) Each cable, cable fitting, turnbuckle, splice, and pulley must be approved. In addition— (1) No cable... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Cable systems. 25.689 Section 25.689...

47 CFR 76.1001 - Unfair practices generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... control with a cable operator or cable operators, satellite cable programming vendor or vendors in which a... under common control with, such terrestrial cable programming vendor shall be deemed responsible for... programming vendor is wholly owned by, controlled by, or under common control with a cable operator or cable...

47 CFR 76.1001 - Unfair practices generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... control with a cable operator or cable operators, satellite cable programming vendor or vendors in which a... under common control with, such terrestrial cable programming vendor shall be deemed responsible for... programming vendor is wholly owned by, controlled by, or under common control with a cable operator or cable...

30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...

30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...

30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...

30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...

30 CFR 57.12014 - Handling energized power cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Handling energized power cables. 57.12014... Electricity Surface and Underground § 57.12014 Handling energized power cables. Power cables energized to.... This does not prohibit pulling or dragging of cable by the equipment it powers when the cable is...

14 CFR 29.685 - Control system details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... must be means to prevent the slapping of cables or tubes against other parts. (d) Cable systems must be designed as follows: (1) Cables, cable fittings, turnbuckles, splices, and pulleys must be of an acceptable kind. (2) The design of cable systems must prevent any hazardous change in cable tension throughout the...

14 CFR 27.685 - Control system details.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... must be means to prevent the slapping of cables or tubes against other parts. (d) Cable systems must be designed as follows: (1) Cables, cable fittings, turnbuckles, splices, and pulleys must be of an acceptable kind. (2) The design of the cable systems must prevent any hazardous change in cable tension throughout...

Readiness: observations and comments from a medical team deployment.

PubMed

Popper, S E; Noble, D E; Mason, L J; Schaffer, L A; Glover, J G; Barkley, M S

1997-02-01

The evolving strategy of the United States in dealing with the changing world order calls for a force structure capable of fighting and winning two nearly simultaneous major regional conflicts and conducting a range of other military operations. Readiness is a key factor in this new strategy. Consequently, major paradigm shifts are occurring within the Air Force Medical Service. Maintaining current and accurate medical records on personnel to meet deployment requirements is a significant challenge. Historically, time and resources are consumed determining the deployability of troops prior to a deployment. This adds to the cost of doing business and increases the time required to clear the deploying team, even though there is an established process to avoid these very problems. The experience of a recent medical team deployment to Bosnia is discussed. Future directions given the implementation of TRI-CARE, the Preventive Health Assessment Program, and the Strategic Health Resourcing Plan are also considered.

Consumer preferences and willingness to pay for value-added chicken product attributes.

PubMed

Martínez Michel, Lorelei; Anders, Sven; Wismer, Wendy V

2011-10-01

A growing demand for convenient and ready-to-eat products has increased poultry processors' interest in developing consumer-oriented value-added chicken products. In this study, a conjoint analysis survey of 276 chicken consumers in Edmonton was conducted during the summer of 2009 to assess the importance of the chicken part, production method, processing method, storage method, the presence of added flavor, and cooking method on consumer preferences for different value-added chicken product attributes. Estimates of consumer willingness to pay (WTP) premium prices for different combinations of value-added chicken attributes were also determined. Participants'"ideal" chicken product was a refrigerated product made with free-range chicken breast, produced with no additives or preservatives and no added flavor, which could be oven heated or pan heated. Half of all participants on average were willing to pay 30% more for a value-added chicken product over the price of a conventional product. Overall, young consumers, individuals who shop at Farmers' Markets and those who prefer free-range or organic products were more likely to pay a premium for value-added chicken products. As expected, consumers' WTP was affected negatively by product price. Combined knowledge of consumer product attribute preferences and consumer WTP for value-added chicken products can help the poultry industry design innovative value-added chicken products. Practical Application:  An optimum combination of product attributes desired by consumers for the development of a new value-added chicken product, as well as the WTP for this product, have been identified in this study. This information is relevant to the poultry industry to enhance consumer satisfaction of future value-added chicken products and provide the tools for future profit growth. © 2011 Institute of Food Technologists®

Actin cable dynamics in budding yeast

PubMed Central

Yang, Hyeong-Cheol; Pon, Liza A.

2002-01-01

Actin cables, bundles of actin filaments that align along the long axis of budding yeast, are crucial for establishment of cell polarity. We fused green fluorescent protein (GFP) to actin binding protein 140 (Abp140p) and visualized actin cable dynamics in living yeast. We detected two populations of actin cables: (i) bud-associated cables, which extend from the bud along the mother-bud axis, and (ii) randomly oriented cables, which are relatively short. Time-lapse imaging of Abp140p–GFP revealed an apparent increase in the length of bud-associated actin cables. Analysis of movement of Abp140p–GFP fiduciary marks on bud-associated cables and fluorescence loss in photobleaching experiments revealed that this apparent elongation occurs by assembly of new material at the end of the cable within the bud and movement of the opposite end of the cable toward the tip of the mother cell distal to the bud. The rate of extension of the tip of an elongating actin cable is 0.29 ± 0.08 μm/s. Latrunculin A (Lat-A) treatment completely blocked this process. We also observed movement of randomly oriented cables around the cortex of cells at a rate of 0.59 ± 0.14 μm/s. Mild treatment with Lat-A did not affect the velocity of movement of randomly oriented cables. However, Lat-A treatment did increase the number of randomly oriented, motile cables per cell. Our observations suggest that establishment of bud-associated actin cables during the cell cycle is accomplished not by realignment of existing cables but by assembly of new cables within the bud or bud neck, followed by elongation. PMID:11805329

Investigation of the strength of shielded and unshielded underwater electrical cables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glowe, D. E.; Arnett, S. L.

1981-09-01

The mechanical properties of shielded and unshielded submarine cables (MIL-C-915/8E) were investigated to determine the effect of shielding on cable life, performance, and reliability. Ten cables (five shielded and five unshielded) were selected for laboratory evaluation. A mission profile was developed to establish the mechanical stress limits that cables must endure in service and a test sequence designed to measure tensile strength, flexural abrasion endurance, crush resistance, creep under static tension, and performance in a hull-stuffing tube. The results of this program showed that: (1) DSS-2 cable does not have adequate tensile strength and should have a strength member added. DSS-3 and larger cables have adequate tensile strength with or without the shield; (2) Unshielded DSS-3 type cable does not perform satisfactorily in hull-stuffing tubes; (3) Shielding is not required to meet mission profile specifications for cable crush or flexural abrasion resistance; (4) Construction parameters other than shielding can significantly affect mechanical performance of cable; (5) Unshielded cable construction can result in increased reliability since it permits a thicker single-jacket construction; and (6) Unshielded cable construction can reduce the cost of cable by 8 to 20 percent.

Development of a single-phase 30 m HTS power cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cho, Jeonwook; Bae, Joon-Han; Kim, Hae-Jong; Sim, Ki-Deok; Kim, Seokho; Jang, Hyun-Man; Lee, Chang-Young; Kim, Dong-Wook

2006-05-01

HTS power transmission cables appear to be the replacement and retrofitting of underground cables in urban areas and HTS power transmission cable offers a number of technical and economic merits compared to the normal conductor cable system. A 30 m long, single-phase 22.9 kV class HTS power transmission cable system has been developed by Korea Electrotechnology Research Institute (KERI), LS Cable Ltd., and Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials (KIMM), which is one of the 21st century frontier project in Korea since 2001. The HTS power cable has been developed, cooled down and tested to obtain realistic thermal and electrical data on HTS power cable system. The evaluation results clarified such good performance of HTS cable that DC critical current of the HTS cable was 3.6 kA and AC loss was 0.98 W/m at 1260 Arms and shield current was 1000 Arms. These results proved the basic properties for 22.9 kV HTS power cable. As a next step, we have been developing a 30 m, three-phase 22.9 kV, 50 MV A HTS power cable system and long term evaluation is in progress now.

A New Multiconstraint Method for Determining the Optimal Cable Stresses in Cable-Stayed Bridges

PubMed Central

Asgari, B.; Osman, S. A.; Adnan, A.

2014-01-01

Cable-stayed bridges are one of the most popular types of long-span bridges. The structural behaviour of cable-stayed bridges is sensitive to the load distribution between the girder, pylons, and cables. The determination of pretensioning cable stresses is critical in the cable-stayed bridge design procedure. By finding the optimum stresses in cables, the load and moment distribution of the bridge can be improved. In recent years, different research works have studied iterative and modern methods to find optimum stresses of cables. However, most of the proposed methods have limitations in optimising the structural performance of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents a multiconstraint optimisation method to specify the optimum cable forces in cable-stayed bridges. The proposed optimisation method produces less bending moments and stresses in the bridge members and requires shorter simulation time than other proposed methods. The results of comparative study show that the proposed method is more successful in restricting the deck and pylon displacements and providing uniform deck moment distribution than unit load method (ULM). The final design of cable-stayed bridges can be optimised considerably through proposed multiconstraint optimisation method. PMID:25050400

A new multiconstraint method for determining the optimal cable stresses in cable-stayed bridges.

PubMed

Asgari, B; Osman, S A; Adnan, A

2014-01-01

Cable-stayed bridges are one of the most popular types of long-span bridges. The structural behaviour of cable-stayed bridges is sensitive to the load distribution between the girder, pylons, and cables. The determination of pretensioning cable stresses is critical in the cable-stayed bridge design procedure. By finding the optimum stresses in cables, the load and moment distribution of the bridge can be improved. In recent years, different research works have studied iterative and modern methods to find optimum stresses of cables. However, most of the proposed methods have limitations in optimising the structural performance of cable-stayed bridges. This paper presents a multiconstraint optimisation method to specify the optimum cable forces in cable-stayed bridges. The proposed optimisation method produces less bending moments and stresses in the bridge members and requires shorter simulation time than other proposed methods. The results of comparative study show that the proposed method is more successful in restricting the deck and pylon displacements and providing uniform deck moment distribution than unit load method (ULM). The final design of cable-stayed bridges can be optimised considerably through proposed multiconstraint optimisation method.

Integrated Land- and Underwater-Based Sensors for a Subduction Zone Earthquake Early Warning System

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pirenne, B.; Rosenberger, A.; Rogers, G. C.; Henton, J.; Lu, Y.; Moore, T.

2016-12-01

Ocean Networks Canada (ONC — oceannetworks.ca/ ) operates cabled ocean observatories off the coast of British Columbia (BC) to support research and operational oceanography. Recently, ONC has been funded by the Province of BC to deliver an earthquake early warning (EEW) system that integrates offshore and land-based sensors to deliver alerts of incoming ground shaking from the Cascadia Subduction Zone. ONC's cabled seismic network has the unique advantage of being located offshore on either side of the surface expression of the subduction zone. The proximity of ONC's sensors to the fault can result in faster, more effective warnings, which translates into more lives saved, injuries avoided and more ability for mitigative actions to take place.ONC delivers near real-time data from various instrument types simultaneously, providing distinct advantages to seismic monitoring and earthquake early warning. The EEW system consists of a network of sensors, located on the ocean floor and on land, that detect and analyze the initial p-wave of an earthquake as well as the crustal deformation on land during the earthquake sequence. Once the p-wave is detected and characterized, software systems correlate the data streams of the various sensors and deliver alerts to clients through a Common Alerting Protocol-compliant data package. This presentation will focus on the development of the earthquake early warning capacity at ONC. It will describe the seismic sensors and their distribution, the p-wave detection algorithms selected and the overall architecture of the system. It will further overview the plan to achieve operational readiness at project completion.

ARINC 818 express for high-speed avionics video and power over coax

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Keller, Tim; Alexander, Jon

2012-06-01

CoaXPress is a new standard for high-speed video over coax cabling developed for the machine vision industry. CoaXPress includes both a physical layer and a video protocol. The physical layer has desirable features for aerospace and defense applications: it allows 3Gbps (up to 6Gbps) communication, includes 21Mbps return path allowing for bidirectional communication, and provides up to 13W of power, all over a single coax connection. ARINC 818, titled "Avionics Digital Video Bus" is a protocol standard developed specifically for high speed, mission critical aerospace video systems. ARINC 818 is being widely adopted for new military and commercial display and sensor applications. The ARINC 818 protocol combined with the CoaXPress physical layer provide desirable characteristics for many aerospace systems. This paper presents the results of a technology demonstration program to marry the physical layer from CoaXPress with the ARINC 818 protocol. ARINC 818 is a protocol, not a physical layer. Typically, ARINC 818 is implemented over fiber or copper for speeds of 1 to 2Gbps, but beyond 2Gbps, it has been implemented exclusively over fiber optic links. In many rugged applications, a copper interface is still desired, by implementing ARINC 818 over the CoaXPress physical layer, it provides a path to 3 and 6 Gbps copper interfaces for ARINC 818. Results of the successful technology demonstration dubbed ARINC 818 Express are presented showing 3Gbps communication while powering a remote module over a single coax cable. The paper concludes with suggested next steps for bring this technology to production readiness.

NEXT Ion Thruster Thermal Model

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

VanNoord, Jonathan L.

2010-01-01

As the NEXT ion thruster progresses towards higher technology readiness, it is necessary to develop the tools that will support its implementation into flight programs. An ion thruster thermal model has been developed for the latest prototype model design to aid in predicting thruster temperatures for various missions. This model is comprised of two parts. The first part predicts the heating from the discharge plasma for various throttling points based on a discharge chamber plasma model. This model shows, as expected, that the internal heating is strongly correlated with the discharge power. Typically, the internal plasma heating increases with beam current and decreases slightly with beam voltage. The second is a model based on a finite difference thermal code used to predict the thruster temperatures. Both parts of the model will be described in this paper. This model has been correlated with a thermal development test on the NEXT Prototype Model 1 thruster with most predicted component temperatures within 5 to 10 C of test temperatures. The model indicates that heating, and hence current collection, is not based purely on the footprint of the magnet rings, but follows a 0.1:1:2:1 ratio for the cathode-to-conical-to-cylindrical-to-front magnet rings. This thermal model has also been used to predict the temperatures during the worst case mission profile that is anticipated for the thruster. The model predicts ample thermal margin for all of its components except the external cable harness under the hottest anticipated mission scenario. The external cable harness will be re-rated or replaced to meet the predicted environment.

ATOC/Pioneer Seamount cable after 8 years on the seafloor: Observations, environmental impact

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kogan, Irina; Paull, Charles K.; Kuhnz, Linda A.; Burton, Erica J.; von Thun, Susan; Gary Greene, H.; Barry, James P.

2006-04-01

A study was conducted on the impacts of the presence of the Acoustic Thermometry of Ocean Climate (ATOC)/Pioneer Seamount cable on the benthos from nearshore waters adjacent to its origin at Pillar Point Air Force Station in Half Moon Bay, California to its terminus 95 km along its length on Pioneer Seamount. The coaxial Type SD cable was installed, unburied on the seafloor in 1995. Thirteen sites along the cable route were surveyed using the Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI) ROVs Ventana and Tiburon equipped with cable-tracking tools. Quantitative comparisons of biological communities and seafloor features between cable and control sites were performed at nine stations. Forty-two hours of video footage and 138 push cores were collected over 15.1 km of seafloor. Approximately 12.1 km of the cable was observed (13% of the cable route). This study documents the appearance and condition of the cable and the underlying seafloor, and the effects of the cable on biological communities along its route. Limited self-burial of the cable has occurred during the 8-year deployment, particularly over the continental shelf and upper slope. Cable strumming by nearshore wave action has incised rocky siltstone outcrops. Several observations of kinks and snags in the cable on the upper slope (˜240 m depth) suggest contact with trawling gear. Few changes in the abundance or distribution of benthic fauna were detectable from video observations (epifaunal) and sediment core samples (infauna). Of 17 megafaunal groups and 19 infaunal taxa, no tests evaluating the overall effect of the cable were statistically significant. While these results indicate that the biological impacts of the cable are minor at most, three megafaunal groups exhibited cable-related changes at one or more stations. Actiniarians (sea anemones) colonized the cable when it was exposed on the seafloor, and were therefore generally more abundant on the cable than in surrounding, sediment-dominated seafloor habitats. Some fishes were also more abundant near the cable, apparently due to the higher habitat complexity provided by the cable. The study also documents general changes in the benthos across the Central California continental margin.

Burning Characteristics and Flammability of PVC Cables in Groups

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mikado, T.; Akita, K.

1988-01-01

Because burning cables represent a danger of increasing secondary damage it is of utmost importance for disaster prevention to correctly evaluate the combustion characteristics of cable. However, in many cases cable is laid out in bundles complicating the combustion characteristics. A situation has developed where group cable characteristics are not completely understood. A new method is developed for testing the combustion of high polymer type cable and earlier reports gave comparative combustion measurement results. It was learned that there is considerable difference between the combustion characteristics of the grouped cables and those of single cables. This study is supplemental research concerning the special behavior of group PVC cables, throwing some light on their combustion characteristics.

OTEC riser cable model and prototype testing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kurt, J. P.; Schultz, J. A.; Roblee, L. H. S.

1981-12-01

Two different OTEC riser cables have been developed to span the distance between a floating OTEC power plant and the ocean floor. The major design concerns for a riser cable in the dynamic OTEC environment are fatigue, corrosion, and electrical/mechanical aging of the cable components. The basic properties of the cable materials were studied through tests on model cables and on samples of cable materials. Full-scale prototype cables were manufactured and were tested to measure their electrical and mechanical properties and performance. The full-scale testing was culminated by the electrical/mechanical fatigue test, which exposes full-scale cables to simultaneous tension, bending and electrical loads, all in a natural seawater environment.

System for effecting underwater coupling of optical fiber cables characterized by a novel V-probe cable capture mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hillenbrand, Christopher F.; Barron, Thomas D.; Nugent, David M.

1995-03-01

A submarine trails one fiber optic cable and an undersea vehicle is controlled by this first cable. A missile/torpedo trails a second cable that is to be coupled to the first cable. The second cable has a segment suspended vertically underwater between a buoyant pod and a sea anchor type buoy. The undersea vehicle, or Autonomous Undersea Vehicle, (AUV) hunts for the pod by conventional homing means. A forked cable pickup device in the nose of the AUV captures the suspended cable segment directing it into a slot so a male socket in the underside of the pod mates with a female socket in the slot.

47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...

47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...

47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...

47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...

47 CFR 32.2422 - Underground cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and other..., Buried Cable. (d) The cost of cables leading from the main distributing frame or equivalent to central...

The impact of conventional dietary intake data coding methods on foods typically consumed by low-income African-American and White urban populations.

PubMed

Mason, Marc A; Fanelli Kuczmarski, Marie; Allegro, Deanne; Zonderman, Alan B; Evans, Michele K

2015-08-01

Analysing dietary data to capture how individuals typically consume foods is dependent on the coding variables used. Individual foods consumed simultaneously, like coffee with milk, are given codes to identify these combinations. Our literature review revealed a lack of discussion about using combination codes in analysis. The present study identified foods consumed at mealtimes and by race when combination codes were or were not utilized. Duplicate analysis methods were performed on separate data sets. The original data set consisted of all foods reported; each food was coded as if it was consumed individually. The revised data set was derived from the original data set by first isolating coded foods consumed as individual items from those foods consumed simultaneously and assigning a code to designate a combination. Foods assigned a combination code, like pancakes with syrup, were aggregated and associated with a food group, defined by the major food component (i.e. pancakes), and then appended to the isolated coded foods. Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. African-American and White adults with two dietary recalls (n 2177). Differences existed in lists of foods most frequently consumed by mealtime and race when comparing results based on original and revised data sets. African Americans reported consumption of sausage/luncheon meat and poultry, while ready-to-eat cereals and cakes/doughnuts/pastries were reported by Whites on recalls. Use of combination codes provided more accurate representation of how foods were consumed by populations. This information is beneficial when creating interventions and exploring diet-health relationships.

Stability analysis of an F/A-18 E/F cable mount m odel

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Thompson, Nancy; Farmer, Moses

1994-01-01

A full-span F/A-18 E/F cable mounted wind tunnel model is part of a flutter clearance program at the NASA Langley Transonic Dynamics Tunnel. Parametric analysis of this model using GRUMCBL software was conducted to assess stability for wind tunnel tests. Two configurations of the F/A-18 E/F were examined. The parameters examined were pulley-cable friction, mach number, dynamic pressure, cable geometry, center of gravity location, cable tension, snubbing the model, drag, and test medium. For the nominal cable geometry (Cable Geometry 1), Configuration One was unstable for cases with higher pulley-cable friction coefficients. A new cable geometry (Cable Geometry 3) was determined in which Configuration One was stable for all cases evaluated. Configuration Two with the nominal center of gravity position was found to be unstable for cases with higher pulley-cable friction coefficients; however, the model was stable when the center of gravity moved forward 1/2. The model was tested using the cable mount system during the initial wind tunnel entry and was stable as predicted.

System for effecting underwater coupling of optical fiber cables characterized by a novel lateral arm cable capture mechanism

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hillenbrand, Christopher F.

1995-03-01

A submarine trails one fiber optic cable and an undersea vehicle is controlled by this first cable. A missile/torpedo trails a second cable that is to be coupled to the first cable. The second cable has a segment suspended vertically underwater between a buoyant pod and a sea anchor type buoy. The undersea vehicle, or autonomous undersea vehicle, (AUV) hunts for the pod by conventional homing components, and cable capturing arms on the vehicle direct the cable's movement relative to the vehicle into a pod mating position that achieves optical coupling of the two cables. In one embodiment two arms are pivotably mounted to the vehicle's sides so one arm captures the suspended cable segment directing it into a slot so a male socket in the underside of the pod mates with a female socket in the slot. Another embodiment accomplishes the same result with a device in which the arms are formed as the off-shoots of a forked cable pickup device in the nose of the AUV.

Effects of household washing on bacterial load and removal of Escherichia coli from lettuce and "ready-to-eat" salads.

PubMed

Uhlig, Elisabeth; Olsson, Crister; He, Jiayi; Stark, Therese; Sadowska, Zuzanna; Molin, Göran; Ahrné, Siv; Alsanius, Beatrix; Håkansson, Åsa

2017-11-01

Customer demands for fresh salads are increasing, but leafy green vegetables have also been linked to food-borne illness due to pathogens such as Escherichia coli O157:H7. As a safety measure, consumers often wash leafy vegetables in water before consumption. In this study, we analyzed the efficiency of household washing to reduce the bacterial content. Romaine lettuce and ready-to-eat mixed salad were washed several times in flowing water at different rates and by immersing the leaves in water. Lettuce was also inoculated with E. coli before washing. Only washing in a high flow rate (8 L/min) resulted in statistically significant reductions ( p  < .05), "Total aerobic count" was reduced by 80%, and Enterobacteriaceae count was reduced by 68% after the first rinse. The number of contaminating E. coli was not significantly reduced. The dominating part of the culturable microbiota of the washed lettuce was identified by rRNA 16S sequencing of randomly picked colonies. The majority belonged to Pseudomonadaceae , but isolates from Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcaceaceae were also frequently found. This study shows the inefficiency of tap water washing methods available for the consumer when it comes to removal of bacteria from lettuce. Even after washing, the lettuce contained high levels of bacteria that in a high dose and under certain circumstances may constitute a health risk.

Listeria Spp. and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Ready-To-Eat Sandwiches Collected from Vending Machines.

PubMed

Cossu, Francesca; Spanu, Carlo; Deidda, Silvia; Mura, Erica; Casti, Daniele; Pala, Carlo; Lamon, Sonia; Spanu, Vincenzo; Ibba, Michela; Marrocu, Elena; Scarano, Christian; Piana, Andrea; De Santis, Enrico Pietro Luigi

2016-04-19

Ready-to-eat (RTE) food is characterised by a long shelf-life at refrigerated temperature and can be consumed as such, without any treatment. The aim of the work was to evaluate the presence of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in RTEs collected from refrigerated vending machines placed in hospital environment and accessible to the hospitalised patients. In 4 different sampling, 55 RTEs were collected from vending machines of six hospitals located in different areas of Sardinia region. All the samples were characterised by similar manufacturing process, such as the use of modified atmosphere packaging and belonged to 5 different producers. Listeria spp. was not countable using the enumeration method in all of the analysed samples. Using the detection method, Listeria spp. was recovered from 9 sandwich samples. Interestingly, 3 of these samples (5.5%) made by the manufacturer, were positive for L. monocytogenes contamination. The risk related to the L. monocytogenes presence in RTEs proportionally increases when food is introduced in susceptible environments , such as hospitals and consumed by susceptible people . Although the RTEs analysed showed values that complied with the European microbiological criteria for foodstuffs, the availability of these products in a susceptible environment should be carefully checked. Therefore, in order to limit the possible exposition to L. monocytogenes , more information on the risk related to RTE consumption should be provided to the hospitalised patients.

Assessment and Use of Optical Oxygen Sensors as Tools to Assist in Optimal Product Component Selection for the Development of Packs of Ready-to-Eat Mixed Salads and for the Non-Destructive Monitoring of in-Pack Oxygen Levels Using Chilled Storage.

PubMed

Hempel, Andreas W; O'Sullivan, Maurice G; Papkovsky, Dmitri B; Kerry, Joseph P

2013-05-22

Optical oxygen sensors were used to ascertain the level of oxygen consumed by individual salad leaves for optimised packaging of ready-to-eat (RTE) Italian salad mixes during refrigerated storage. Seven commonly found leaves in Italian salad mixes were individually assessed for oxygen utilisation in packs. Each leaf showed varying levels of respiration throughout storage. Using the information obtained, an experimental salad mix was formulated (termed Mix 3) which consisted of the four slowest respiring salad leaves-Escarole, Frisee, Red Batavia, Lollo Rosso. Mix 3 was then compared against two commercially available Italian salads; Mix 1 (Escarole, Frisee, Radicchio, Lollo Rosso) and Mix 2 (Cos, Frisee, Radicchio, Lollo Rosso). Optical sensors were used to non-destructively monitor oxygen usage in all mixes throughout storage. In addition to oxygen consumption, all three salad mixes were quality assessed in terms of microbial load and sensorial acceptability. In conclusion, Mix 3 was found to consume the least amount of oxygen over time, had the lowest microbial load and was most sensorially preferred ( p < 0.05) in terms of overall appearance and acceptability. This study clearly shows the potential that oxygen sensors possess in terms of assisting in the optimised development of commercial RTE salad products.

Listeria Spp. and Listeria Monocytogenes Contamination in Ready-To-Eat Sandwiches Collected from Vending Machines

PubMed Central

Cossu, Francesca; Spanu, Carlo; Deidda, Silvia; Mura, Erica; Casti, Daniele; Pala, Carlo; Lamon, Sonia; Spanu, Vincenzo; Ibba, Michela; Marrocu, Elena; Piana, Andrea; De Santis, Enrico Pietro Luigi

2016-01-01

Ready-to-eat (RTE) food is characterised by a long shelf-life at refrigerated temperature and can be consumed as such, without any treatment. The aim of the work was to evaluate the presence of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes in RTEs collected from refrigerated vending machines placed in hospital environment and accessible to the hospitalised patients. In 4 different sampling, 55 RTEs were collected from vending machines of six hospitals located in different areas of Sardinia region. All the samples were characterised by similar manufacturing process, such as the use of modified atmosphere packaging and belonged to 5 different producers. Listeria spp. was not countable using the enumeration method in all of the analysed samples. Using the detection method, Listeria spp. was recovered from 9 sandwich samples. Interestingly, 3 of these samples (5.5%) made by the manufacturer, were positive for L. monocytogenes contamination. The risk related to the L. monocytogenes presence in RTEs proportionally increases when food is introduced in susceptible environments, such as hospitals and consumed by susceptible people. Although the RTEs analysed showed values that complied with the European microbiological criteria for foodstuffs, the availability of these products in a susceptible environment should be carefully checked. Therefore, in order to limit the possible exposition to L. monocytogenes, more information on the risk related to RTE consumption should be provided to the hospitalised patients. PMID:27800439

Thermal analysis of underground power cable system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rerak, Monika; Ocłoń, Paweł

2017-10-01

The paper presents the application of Finite Element Method in thermal analysis of underground power cable system. The computations were performed for power cables buried in-line in the ground at a depth of 2 meters. The developed mathematical model allows determining the two-dimensional temperature distribution in the soil, thermal backfill and power cables. The simulations studied the effect of soil and cable backfill thermal conductivity on the maximum temperature of the cable conductor. Also, the effect of cable diameter on the temperature of cable core was studied. Numerical analyses were performed based on a program written in MATLAB.

DC attenuation meter

DOEpatents

Hargrove, Douglas L.

2004-09-14

A portable, hand-held meter used to measure direct current (DC) attenuation in low impedance electrical signal cables and signal attenuators. A DC voltage is applied to the signal input of the cable and feedback to the control circuit through the signal cable and attenuators. The control circuit adjusts the applied voltage to the cable until the feedback voltage equals the reference voltage. The "units" of applied voltage required at the cable input is the system attenuation value of the cable and attenuators, which makes this meter unique. The meter may be used to calibrate data signal cables, attenuators, and cable-attenuator assemblies.

Nondestructive Examination for Nuclear Power Plant Cable Aging Management Programs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glass, Samuel W.; Fifield, Leonard S.

2016-01-01

Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components of installed cables within nuclear power plants (NPPs) is known to occur as a function of age, temperature, radiation, and other environmental factors. System tests verify cable function under normal loads; however, the concern is over cable performance under exceptional loads associated with design-basis events (DBEs). The cable’s ability to perform safely over the initial 40 year planned and licensed life has generally been demonstrated and there have been very few age-related cable failures. With greater than 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found inmore » an NPP, replacing all the cables would be a severe cost burden. Justification for life extension to 60 and 80 years requires a cable aging management program (AMP) to justify cable performance under normal operation as well as accident conditions. This paper addresses various NDE technologies that constitute the essence of an acceptable aging management program.« less

Study on Elastic Helical TDR Sensing Cable for Distributed Deformation Detection

PubMed Central

Tong, Renyuan; Li, Ming; Li, Qing

2012-01-01

In order to detect distributed ground surface deformation, an elastic helical structure Time Domain Reflectometry (TDR) sensing cable is shown in this paper. This special sensing cable consists of three parts: a silicone rubber rope in the center; a couple of parallel wires coiling around the rope; a silicone rubber pipe covering the sensing cable. By analyzing the relationship between the impedance and the structure of the sensing cable, the impedance model shows that the sensing cable impedance will increase when the cable is stretched. This specific characteristic is verified in the cable stretching experiment which is the base of TDR sensing technology. The TDR experiment shows that a positive reflected signal is created at the stretching deformation point on the sensing cable. The results show that the deformation section length and the stretching elongation will both affect the amplitude of the reflected signal. Finally, the deformation locating experiments show that the sensing cable can accurately detect the deformation point position on the sensing cable. PMID:23012560

Parametrically excited oscillation of stay cable and its control in cable-stayed bridges.

PubMed

Sun, Bing-nan; Wang, Zhi-gang; Ko, J M; Ni, Y Q

2003-01-01

This paper presents a nonlinear dynamic model for simulation and analysis of a kind of parametrically excited vibration of stay cable caused by support motion in cable-stayed bridges. The sag, inclination angle of the stay cable are considered in the model, based on which, the oscillation mechanism and dynamic response characteristics of this kind of vibration are analyzed through numerical calculation. It is noted that parametrically excited oscillation of a stay cable with certain sag, inclination angle and initial static tension force may occur in cable-stayed bridges due to deck vibration under the condition that the natural frequency of a cable approaches to about half of the first model frequency of the bridge deck system. A new vibration control system installed on the cable anchorage is proposed as a possible damping system to suppress the cable parametric oscillation. The numerical calculation results showed that with the use of this damping system, the cable oscillation due to the vibration of the deck and/or towers will be considerably reduced.

Coaxial cable stripping device facilitates RF cabling fabrication

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hughes, R. S.; Tobias, R. A.

1967-01-01

Coaxial cable stripping device assures clean, right angled shoulder for RF cable connector fabrication. This method requires minimal skill and creates a low voltage standing wave ratio and mechanical stability in the interconnecting RF Cables.

Novel Musculoskeletal Loading and Assessment System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Downs, Meghan E.

2017-01-01

Ground based and ISS (International Space Station) exercise research have shown that axial loading via two-point loading at the shoulders and load quality (i.e. consistent load and at least 1:1 concentric to eccentric ratio) are extremely important to optimize musculoskeletal adaptations to resistance exercise. The Advanced Resistance Exercise Device (ARED) is on ISS now and is the "state of the art" for resistance exercise capabilities in microgravity; however, the ARED is far too large and power consuming for exploration vehicles. The single cable exercise device design selected for MPCV (Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle), does not readily allow for the two-point loading at the shoulders.

47 CFR 36.341 - Cable and wire facilities expenses-Account 6410 (Class B telephone companies); Accounts 6411...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable and wire facilities expenses-Account 6410... Operating Expenses and Taxes Cable and Wire Facilities Expenses § 36.341 Cable and wire facilities expenses... network cable, aerial wire, and conduit systems. (b) The general method of separating cable and wire...

47 CFR 36.341 - Cable and wire facilities expenses-Account 6410 (Class B telephone companies); Accounts 6411...

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Cable and wire facilities expenses-Account 6410... Operating Expenses and Taxes Cable and Wire Facilities Expenses § 36.341 Cable and wire facilities expenses... network cable, aerial wire, and conduit systems. (b) The general method of separating cable and wire...

47 CFR 76.930 - Initiation of review of basic cable service and equipment rates.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Initiation of review of basic cable service and...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Cable Rate Regulation § 76.930 Initiation of review of basic cable service and equipment rates. A cable operator shall file its schedule of...

Space Flight Cable Model Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spak, Kaitlin

2013-01-01

This work concentrates the modeling efforts presented in last year's VSGC conference paper, "Model Development for Cable-Harnessed Beams." The focus is narrowed to modeling of space-flight cables only, as a reliable damped cable model is not yet readily available and is necessary to continue modeling cable-harnessed space structures. New experimental data is presented, eliminating the low-frequency noise that plagued the first year's efforts. The distributed transfer function method is applied to a single section of space flight cable for Euler-Bernoulli and shear beams. The work presented here will be developed into a damped cable model that can be incorporated into an interconnected beam-cable system. The overall goal of this work is to accurately predict natural frequencies and modal damping ratios for cabled space structures.

An Updated Analysis of Direct-to-Consumer Television Advertisements for Prescription Drugs.

PubMed

Applequist, Janelle; Ball, Jennifer Gerard

2018-05-01

In 2015, the American Medical Association called for a ban of direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) for prescription drugs. Yet, the pharmaceutical industry spends more than ever on broadcast advertisements, with national health care costs largely driven by drug spending. An evaluation of these ads is critical, as these advertisements can impact the frequency which patients ask their doctors about medications. A content analysis of prime-time direct-to-consumer ads was conducted across 4 major cable television networks. The ad content (n = 61) was coded for factual claims made regarding target conditions, appeals used, portrayal of medications, and lifestyle characteristics shown. We found a substantial decrease in the percentage of ads that conveyed information about the conditions being targeted, such as risk factors (16%) and prevalence (16%). Positive emotional appeals (94%) continued to be emphasized; yet there was decreased use of negative emotional appeals (51%), pointing to an overall more positive portrayal of a patient's experience with a medication. The lifestyles portrayed in the sample largely featured how products can enable more recreational activities (69%) and fewer ads (7%) presented alternatives to product use. Direct-to-consumer advertising continued to promote prescription drugs above educating the population. Improvement in the educational value of DTCA is likely to require regulatory action rather than reliance on self-regulation by the pharmaceutical industry. © 2018 Annals of Family Medicine, Inc.

Subsea Cable Tracking by Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Magnetic Sensing Guidance.

PubMed

Xiang, Xianbo; Yu, Caoyang; Niu, Zemin; Zhang, Qin

2016-08-20

The changes of the seabed environment caused by a natural disaster or human activities dramatically affect the life span of the subsea buried cable. It is essential to track the cable route in order to inspect the condition of the buried cable and protect its surviving seabed environment. The magnetic sensor is instrumental in guiding the remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) to track and inspect the buried cable underseas. In this paper, a novel framework integrating the underwater cable localization method with the magnetic guidance and control algorithm is proposed, in order to enable the automatic cable tracking by a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) under-actuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) without human beings in the loop. The work relies on the passive magnetic sensing method to localize the subsea cable by using two tri-axial magnetometers, and a new analytic formulation is presented to compute the heading deviation, horizontal offset and buried depth of the cable. With the magnetic localization, the cable tracking and inspection mission is elaborately constructed as a straight-line path following control problem in the horizontal plane. A dedicated magnetic line-of-sight (LOS) guidance is built based on the relative geometric relationship between the vehicle and the cable, and the feedback linearizing technique is adopted to design a simplified cable tracking controller considering the side-slip effects, such that the under-actuated vehicle is able to move towards the subsea cable and then inspect its buried environment, which further guides the environmental protection of the cable by setting prohibited fishing/anchoring zones and increasing the buried depth. Finally, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed magnetic guidance and control algorithm on the envisioned subsea cable tracking and the potential protection of the seabed environment along the cable route.

Subsea Cable Tracking by Autonomous Underwater Vehicle with Magnetic Sensing Guidance

PubMed Central

Xiang, Xianbo; Yu, Caoyang; Niu, Zemin; Zhang, Qin

2016-01-01

The changes of the seabed environment caused by a natural disaster or human activities dramatically affect the life span of the subsea buried cable. It is essential to track the cable route in order to inspect the condition of the buried cable and protect its surviving seabed environment. The magnetic sensor is instrumental in guiding the remotely-operated vehicle (ROV) to track and inspect the buried cable underseas. In this paper, a novel framework integrating the underwater cable localization method with the magnetic guidance and control algorithm is proposed, in order to enable the automatic cable tracking by a three-degrees-of-freedom (3-DOF) under-actuated autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) without human beings in the loop. The work relies on the passive magnetic sensing method to localize the subsea cable by using two tri-axial magnetometers, and a new analytic formulation is presented to compute the heading deviation, horizontal offset and buried depth of the cable. With the magnetic localization, the cable tracking and inspection mission is elaborately constructed as a straight-line path following control problem in the horizontal plane. A dedicated magnetic line-of-sight (LOS) guidance is built based on the relative geometric relationship between the vehicle and the cable, and the feedback linearizing technique is adopted to design a simplified cable tracking controller considering the side-slip effects, such that the under-actuated vehicle is able to move towards the subsea cable and then inspect its buried environment, which further guides the environmental protection of the cable by setting prohibited fishing/anchoring zones and increasing the buried depth. Finally, numerical simulation results show the effectiveness of the proposed magnetic guidance and control algorithm on the envisioned subsea cable tracking and the potential protection of the seabed environment along the cable route. PMID:27556465

Noise from implantable Cooper cable.

PubMed

Carrington, V; Zhou, L; Donaldson, N

2005-09-01

Cooper cable is made for implanted devices, usually for connection to stimulating electrodes. An experiment has been performed to see whether these cables would be satisfactory for recording electroneurogram (ENG) signals from cuffs. Four cables were subjected to continuous flexion at 2 Hz while submerged in saline. The cables were connected to a low-noise amplifier, and the noise was measured using a spectrum analyser. These cables had not fractured after 184 million flexions, and the noise in the neural band (500-5000 Hz) had not increased owing to age. Noise in the ENG band increased by less than 3 dB owing to the motion. A fifth, worn cable did fail during the experiment, the conductors becoming exposed to the saline, but this was only apparent by extra noise when the cable was in motion. After 184 million flexions, the four cables were given a more severe test: instead of being connected to the amplifier reference node, two of the four cores of each cable were connected to 18V batteries. Two of the cables were then noisier, but only when in motion, presumably because of leakage between cores. Cooper cables are excellent for transmitting neural signals alone; transmission in one cable of neural signals and power supplies should be avoided if possible.

Optimal Design of Cable-Driven Manipulators Using Particle Swarm Optimization.

PubMed

Bryson, Joshua T; Jin, Xin; Agrawal, Sunil K

2016-08-01

The design of cable-driven manipulators is complicated by the unidirectional nature of the cables, which results in extra actuators and limited workspaces. Furthermore, the particular arrangement of the cables and the geometry of the robot pose have a significant effect on the cable tension required to effect a desired joint torque. For a sufficiently complex robot, the identification of a satisfactory cable architecture can be difficult and can result in multiply redundant actuators and performance limitations based on workspace size and cable tensions. This work leverages previous research into the workspace analysis of cable systems combined with stochastic optimization to develop a generalized methodology for designing optimized cable routings for a given robot and desired task. A cable-driven robot leg performing a walking-gait motion is used as a motivating example to illustrate the methodology application. The components of the methodology are described, and the process is applied to the example problem. An optimal cable routing is identified, which provides the necessary controllable workspace to perform the desired task and enables the robot to perform that task with minimal cable tensions. A robot leg is constructed according to this routing and used to validate the theoretical model and to demonstrate the effectiveness of the resulting cable architecture.

Cable Overheating Risk Warning Method Based on Impedance Parameter Estimation in Distribution Network

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Zhang; Xiaohui, Song; Jianfang, Li; Fei, Gao

2017-05-01

Cable overheating will lead to the cable insulation level reducing, speed up the cable insulation aging, even easy to cause short circuit faults. Cable overheating risk identification and warning is nessesary for distribution network operators. Cable overheating risk warning method based on impedance parameter estimation is proposed in the paper to improve the safty and reliability operation of distribution network. Firstly, cable impedance estimation model is established by using least square method based on the data from distribiton SCADA system to improve the impedance parameter estimation accuracy. Secondly, calculate the threshold value of cable impedance based on the historical data and the forecast value of cable impedance based on the forecasting data in future from distribiton SCADA system. Thirdly, establish risks warning rules library of cable overheating, calculate the cable impedance forecast value and analysis the change rate of impedance, and then warn the overheating risk of cable line based on the overheating risk warning rules library according to the variation relationship between impedance and line temperature rise. Overheating risk warning method is simulated in the paper. The simulation results shows that the method can identify the imedance and forecast the temperature rise of cable line in distribution network accurately. The result of overheating risk warning can provide decision basis for operation maintenance and repair.

Detection of Local Temperature Change on HTS Cables via Time-Frequency Domain Reflectometry

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bang, Su Sik; Lee, Geon Seok; Kwon, Gu-Young; Lee, Yeong Ho; Ji, Gyeong Hwan; Sohn, Songho; Park, Kijun; Shin, Yong-June

2017-07-01

High temperature superconducting (HTS) cables are drawing attention as transmission and distribution cables in future grid, and related researches on HTS cables have been conducted actively. As HTS cables have come to the demonstration stage, failures of cooling systems inducing quench phenomenon of the HTS cables have become significant. Several diagnosis of the HTS cables have been developed but there are still some limitations of the experimental setup. In this paper, a non-destructive diagnostic technique for the detection of the local temperature change point is proposed. Also, a simulation model of HTS cables with a local temperature change point is suggested to verify the proposed diagnosis. The performance of the diagnosis is checked by comparative analysis between the proposed simulation results and experiment results of a real-world HTS cable. It is expected that the suggested simulation model and diagnosis will contribute to the commercialization of HTS cables in the power grid.

Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in different lifestyle groups: recommendations for program development based on behavioral research and consumer media data.

PubMed

Della, Lindsay J; DeJoy, David M; Lance, Charles E

2008-01-01

Fruit and vegetable consumption affects the etiology of cardiovascular disease as well as many different types of cancers. Still, Americans' consumption of fruit and vegetables is low. This article builds on initial research that assessed the validity of using a consumer-based psychographic audience segmentation in tandem with the theory of planned behavior to explain differences among individuals' consumption of fruit and vegetables. In this article, we integrate the findings from our initial analyses with media and purchase data from each audience segment. We then propose distinct, tailored program suggestions for reinventing social marketing programs focused on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in each segment. Finally, we discuss the implications of utilizing a consumer-based psychographic audience segmentation versus a more traditional readiness-to-change social marketing segmentation. Differences between these two segmentation strategies, such as the ability to access media usage and purchase data, are highlighted and discussed.

Promoting fruit and vegetable consumption in different lifestyle groups: Recommendations for program development based on behavioral research and consumer media data

PubMed Central

DeJoy, David M.; Lance, Charles E.

2014-01-01

Fruit and vegetable consumption impacts the etiology of cardiovascular disease as well as many different types of cancers. Still, Americans' consumption of fruit and vegetables is low. This article builds on initial research that assessed the validity of using a consumer-based psychographic audience segmentation in tandem with the theory of planned behavior to explain differences among individuals' consumption of fruit and vegetables. In this article, we integrate the findings from our initial analyses with media and purchase data from each audience segment. We then propose distinct, tailored program suggestions for reinventing social marketing programs focused on increasing fruit and vegetable consumption in each segment. Finally, we discuss the implications of utilizing a consumer-based psychographic audience segmentation versus more traditional readiness-to-change social marketing segmentation. Differences between these two segmentation strategies, such as the ability to access media usage and purchase data, are highlighted and discussed. PMID:18935880

Potential Use of Gamma-Irradiated Ethnic Ready-to-Eat Foods to Improve the Nutritional Status of Landslide Victims

PubMed Central

Koenari, Zubaidah Irawati; Siagian, Carmen M.; Simanungkalit, Bona; Nilatany, Asti; Pratama, Indra Mustika; Lasmawati, Deudeu; Nurcahya, Cecep M.

2016-01-01

The safety and high quality of ethnic ready-to-eat foods as a source of nourishment and food supplies chain to the remote areas become particularly important. Consuming healthy and balanced nutritional foods means eating better quality foods in proper quantities. Such foods can be developed through a preservation technique by using ionizing radiation. Although implementation of the technology for certain foodstuffs has been implemented in some countries, application of the process to a complete set of meals for selected target groups is still very limited. The various recipes of ready-to-eat food rations based on soy bean, fish, red meat, and poultry, were first developed in collaboration with medium-sized food enterprises prior to quality assessments. The products were individually packed and sealed either in a laminate pouch of Nylon-PE or polyester-aluminum foil-LLDPE and exposed to ionizing radiation at 8 kGy or 45 kGy, respectively, under cryogenic conditions throughout the process, to protect the essential dietary nutrients against free radical attack, and to reduce the undesirable chemical migration from packing material to the food and oxidative changes within the food matrix containing fats. The irradiated foods were stored at room temperature without impairing the overall quality. The high quality of irradiated ethnic foods, i.e., bacem tofu, pepes gold fish, rendang beef, semur beef, and semur chicken, have been administered through an intervention study on adult groups as landslide victims in Cikadu, Pemalang for 30 days continuously at breakfast time: 7.00–9.00 A.M. The results showed that body mass index (BMI) (kg/m2), skin fold caliper (SFC) (mm), hemoglobin (g/dL), and total lymphocyte counts (%) of the targeted respondents did not tend to increase (at p ≥ 0.05) after consuming the irradiated foods, while the albumin content (g/dL) showed a significant increase in blood serum (at p ≤ 0.05). Sensory attributes, such as general appearance, texture, color, taste, and odor of such foods showed good evaluation by the respondents in order to collect more information regarding local culture and eating habits, as well as the general opinion about the irradiated foods. The irradiated ethnic ready-to-eat foods were generally well accepted by the respondents, though the cost-benefit of mass production were still of great concern. PMID:28231148

Potential Use of Gamma-Irradiated Ethnic Ready-to-Eat Foods to Improve the Nutritional Status of Landslide Victims.

PubMed

Koenari, Zubaidah Irawati; Siagian, Carmen M; Simanungkalit, Bona; Nilatany, Asti; Pratama, Indra Mustika; Lasmawati, Deudeu; Nurcahya, Cecep M

2016-07-26

The safety and high quality of ethnic ready-to-eat foods as a source of nourishment and food supplies chain to the remote areas become particularly important. Consuming healthy and balanced nutritional foods means eating better quality foods in proper quantities. Such foods can be developed through a preservation technique by using ionizing radiation. Although implementation of the technology for certain foodstuffs has been implemented in some countries, application of the process to a complete set of meals for selected target groups is still very limited. The various recipes of ready-to-eat food rations based on soy bean, fish, red meat, and poultry, were first developed in collaboration with medium-sized food enterprises prior to quality assessments. The products were individually packed and sealed either in a laminate pouch of Nylon-PE or polyester-aluminum foil-LLDPE and exposed to ionizing radiation at 8 kGy or 45 kGy, respectively, under cryogenic conditions throughout the process, to protect the essential dietary nutrients against free radical attack, and to reduce the undesirable chemical migration from packing material to the food and oxidative changes within the food matrix containing fats. The irradiated foods were stored at room temperature without impairing the overall quality. The high quality of irradiated ethnic foods, i.e., bacem tofu, pepes gold fish, rendang beef, semur beef, and semur chicken, have been administered through an intervention study on adult groups as landslide victims in Cikadu, Pemalang for 30 days continuously at breakfast time: 7.00-9.00 A.M. The results showed that body mass index (BMI) (kg/m²), skin fold caliper (SFC) (mm), hemoglobin (g/dL), and total lymphocyte counts (%) of the targeted respondents did not tend to increase (at p ≥ 0.05) after consuming the irradiated foods, while the albumin content (g/dL) showed a significant increase in blood serum (at p ≤ 0.05). Sensory attributes, such as general appearance, texture, color, taste, and odor of such foods showed good evaluation by the respondents in order to collect more information regarding local culture and eating habits, as well as the general opinion about the irradiated foods. The irradiated ethnic ready-to-eat foods were generally well accepted by the respondents, though the cost-benefit of mass production were still of great concern.

Costing of three feeding regimens for home-based management of children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition from a randomised trial in India.

PubMed

Garg, Charu C; Mazumder, Sarmila; Taneja, Sunita; Shekhar, Medha; Mohan, Sanjana Brahmawar; Bose, Anuradha; Iyengar, Sharad D; Bahl, Rajiv; Martines, Jose; Bhandari, Nita

2018-01-01

Three feeding regimens-centrally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, and augmented, energy-dense, home-prepared food-were provided in a community setting for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the age group of 6-59 months in an individually randomised multicentre trial that enrolled 906 children. Foods, counselling, feeding support and treatment for mild illnesses were provided until recovery or 16 weeks. Costs were estimated for 371 children enrolled in Delhi in a semiurban location after active survey and identification, enrolment, diagnosis and treatment for mild illnesses, and finally treatment with one of the three regimens, both under the research and government setting. Direct costs were estimated for human resources using a price times quantity approach, based on their salaries and average time taken for each activity. The cost per week per child for food, medicines and other consumables was estimated based on the total expenditure over the period and children covered. Indirect costs for programme management including training, transport, non-consumables, infrastructure and equipment were estimated per week per child based on total expenditures for research study and making suitable adjustments for estimations under government setting. No significant difference in costs was found across the three regimens per covered or per treated child. The average cost per treated child in the government setting was estimated at US$56 (<3500 rupees). Home-based management of SAM with a locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food is feasible, acceptable, affordable and very cost-effective in terms of the disability-adjusted life years saved and gross national income per capita of the country. The treatment of SAM at home needs serious attention and integration into the existing health system, along with actions to prevent SAM. NCT01705769; Pre-results.

Costing of three feeding regimens for home-based management of children with uncomplicated severe acute malnutrition from a randomised trial in India

PubMed Central

Garg, Charu C; Mazumder, Sarmila; Taneja, Sunita; Shekhar, Medha; Mohan, Sanjana Brahmawar; Bose, Anuradha; Iyengar, Sharad D; Bahl, Rajiv; Martines, Jose; Bhandari, Nita

2018-01-01

Trial design Three feeding regimens—centrally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food, and augmented, energy-dense, home-prepared food—were provided in a community setting for children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) in the age group of 6–59 months in an individually randomised multicentre trial that enrolled 906 children. Foods, counselling, feeding support and treatment for mild illnesses were provided until recovery or 16 weeks. Methods Costs were estimated for 371 children enrolled in Delhi in a semiurban location after active survey and identification, enrolment, diagnosis and treatment for mild illnesses, and finally treatment with one of the three regimens, both under the research and government setting. Direct costs were estimated for human resources using a price times quantity approach, based on their salaries and average time taken for each activity. The cost per week per child for food, medicines and other consumables was estimated based on the total expenditure over the period and children covered. Indirect costs for programme management including training, transport, non-consumables, infrastructure and equipment were estimated per week per child based on total expenditures for research study and making suitable adjustments for estimations under government setting. Results No significant difference in costs was found across the three regimens per covered or per treated child. The average cost per treated child in the government setting was estimated at US$56 (<3500 rupees). Conclusion Home-based management of SAM with a locally produced ready-to-use therapeutic food is feasible, acceptable, affordable and very cost-effective in terms of the disability-adjusted life years saved and gross national income per capita of the country. The treatment of SAM at home needs serious attention and integration into the existing health system, along with actions to prevent SAM. Trial registration number NCT01705769; Pre-results. PMID:29527358

Test plan and report for Space Shuttle launch environment testing of Bergen cable technology safety cable

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ralph, John

1992-01-01

Bergen Cable Technology (BCT) has introduced a new product they refer to as 'safety cable'. This product is intended as a replacement for lockwire when installed per Aerospace Standard (AS) 4536 (included in Appendix D of this document). Installation of safety cable is reportedly faster and more uniform than lockwire. NASA/GSFC proposes to use this safety cable in Shuttle Small Payloads Project (SSPP) applications on upcoming Shuttle missions. To assure that BCT safety cable will provide positive locking of fasteners equivalent to lockwire, the SSPP will conduct vibration and pull tests of the safety cable.

Wire in the Cable-Driven System of Surgical Robot

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, X. F.; Lv, N.; Mu, H. Z.; Xue, L. J.

2017-07-01

During the evolution of the surgical robot, cable plays an important role. It translates motion and force precisely from surgeon’s hand to the tool’s tips. In the paper, the vertical wires, the composition of cable, are mathematically modeled from a geometric point of view. The cable structure and tension are analyzed according to the characteristics of wire screw twist. The structural equations of the wires in different positions are derived for both non-bent cable and bent cable, respectively. The bending moment formula of bent cable is also obtained. This will help researchers find suitable cable and design more matched pulley.

Development of external cooling cryo-resistive cable systems. Part 2: Insulation characteristics on 66 kV rated cryo-resistive testing cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ishihara, Kaoru; Akita, Shige; Suzuki, Hiroshi; Ogata, Junichi; Nemoto, Minoru

1987-08-01

Cryo-resistive cable system was tested to demonstrate dielectric characteristics. Dielectric characteristics of 66kV cryo-resistive cable at the start of immersion cooling in the liquid nitrogen were 2.25 specific dielectric constant and 0.18 percent dielectric loss which was less than 0.4 percent , the aimed value. Electrostatic capacity and dielectric loss tangent of dielectric characteristics under the applied voltage did not depend on the voltage and the dielectric loss was less than 0.4 percent through the temperature range from -170 to -190C. These values fulfilled the specifications on 275kV class cryo-resistive cable design. The tested cable passed the cable test on 66kV oil-filled cable (ac 90kV, 10 min), but broken down at ac 110kV on the way to endurance testing voltage 130kV. The breakdown occurred due to the mechanical damage of cable insulator by bending and thermal contraction of the cable. It is necessary from these facts to develop flexible cable terminal and joint which can absorb the contraction to realize 275kV cryo-resistive cable. (19 figs, 7 tabs, 15 refs).

Number of lightning discharges causing damage to lightning arrester cables for aerial transmission lines in power systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nikiforov, E. P.

2009-07-15

Damage by lightning discharges to lightning arrester cables for 110-175 kV aerial transmission lines is analyzed using data from power systems on incidents with aerial transmission lines over a ten year operating period (1997-2006). It is found that failures of lightning arrester cables occur when a tensile force acts on a cable heated to the melting point by a lightning current. The lightning currents required to heat a cable to this extent are greater for larger cable cross sections. The probability that a lightning discharge will develop decreases as the amplitude of the lightning current increases, which greatly reduces themore » number of lightning discharges which damage TK-70 cables compared to TK-50 cables. In order to increase the reliability of lightning arrester cables for 110 kV aerial transmission lines, TK-70 cables should be used in place of TK-50 cables. The number of lightning discharges per year which damage lightning arrester cables is lowered when the density of aerial transmission lines is reduced within the territory of electrical power systems. An approximate relationship between these two parameters is obtained.« less

Characteristics of Capacity Coupled Discharge in Atmospheric Pressure Air

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sasaki, Tadahiro; Omukai, Reina; Mukaigawa, Seiji; Takaki, Koichi; Fujiwara, Tamiya; Mase, Hiroshi; Sato, Noriyoshi

This paper describes characteristics of capacity coupled discharge in atmospheric pressure air with focusing influence of gap length of point-to-plane electrode configuration on input power into the discharge. The discharge can be quenched in short time duration by inserting a small capacitance capacitor between the electrode and the ground. We employed a needle electrode and a coaxial cable as the quenching capacitor. The discharge was successfully quenched within 25 ns in duration according to 9.4 pF in a capacitance of the quenching capacitor. The discharge was classified as two modes; a spark mode and a corona mode. At the spark mode, the power consumed in the discharge plasma was almost 10 times as large as that of a conventional dielectric barrier discharge. At the corona mode, the consumed energy was almost same value with that of the dielectric barrier discharge. A velocity of the discharge development was obtained to be 3×105 m/s by an optical measurement.

Application and research of recyclable cables in foundation pit support engineering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zheng, Suping

2018-05-01

Anchoring cables are widely used in the construction of foundation pit as a temporary support structure. After the construction is completed, the anchor cables left in the ground will not only cause environmental pollution but also cause a great waste of resources. The emergence of recyclable cable technology, to avoid such problems, to achieve the secondary use of the anchor cable, excavation in the excavation project is more and more widely used. Combined with the design and construction of recoverable anchor cable in engineering practice, the application effect of recoverable anchor cable in foundation pit support is analyzed, and the conclusion that the support effect of recoverable anchor cable is stable and safe can be obtained Recyclable anchor cable in the future support projects to provide a reference.

E-health: transforming the physician/patient relationship.

PubMed

Ball, M J; Lillis, J

2001-04-01

Healthcare delivery is being transformed by advances in e-health and by the empowered, computer-literate public. Ready to become partners in their own health and to take advantage of online processes, health portals, and physician web pages and e-mail, this new breed of consumer is slowly redefining the physician/patient relationship. Such changes can effect positive results like improved clinical decision-making, increased efficiency, and strengthened communication between physicians and patients. First, however, physicians and the organizations that support them must fully understand their role in the e-health revolution. Both must advance their awareness of the new consumers and their needs and define specific action items that will help them realize the benefits of e-health. Through a combination of timely research and advice, this article will aid them in fulfilling both tasks.

47 CFR 76.1001 - Unfair practices generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1001 Unfair practices generally. (a) Unfair practices generally. No cable operator, satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an attributable interest, or satellite broadcast programming vendor...

47 CFR 76.1001 - Unfair practices generally.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Competitive Access to Cable Programming § 76.1001 Unfair practices generally. (a) Unfair practices generally. No cable operator, satellite cable programming vendor in which a cable operator has an attributable interest, or satellite broadcast programming vendor...

Method to improve superconductor cable

DOEpatents

Borden, A.R.

1984-03-08

A method is disclosed of making a stranded superconductor cable having improved flexing and bending characteristics. In such method, a plurality of superconductor strands are helically wound around a cylindrical portion of a mandrel which tapers along a transitional portion to a flat end portion. The helically wound strands form a multistrand hollow cable which is partially flattened by pressure rollers as the cable travels along the transitional portion. The partially flattened cable is impacted with repeated hammer blows as the hollow cable travels along the flat end portion. The hammer blows flatten both the internal and the external surfaces of the strands. The cable is fully flattened and compacted by two sets of pressure rollers which engage the flat sides and the edges of the cable after it has traveled away from the flat end portion of the mandrel. The flattened internal surfaces slide easily over one another when the cable is flexed or bent so that there is very little possibility that the cable will be damaged by the necessary flexing and bending required to wind the cable into magnet coils.

External heating of electrical cables and auto-ignition investigation.

PubMed

Courty, L; Garo, J P

2017-01-05

Electric cables are now extensively used for both residential and industrial applications. During more than twenty years, multi-scale approaches have been developed to study fire behavior of such cables that represents a serious challenge. Cables are rather complicated materials because they consist of an insulated part and jacket of polymeric materials. These polymeric materials can have various chemical structures, thicknesses and additives and generally have a char-forming tendency when exposed to heat source. In this work, two test methods are used for the characterization of cable pyrolysis and flammability. The first one permits the investigation of cable pyrolysis. A description of the cable mass loss is obtained, coupling an Arrhenius expression with a 1D thermal model of cables heating. Numerical results are successfully compared with experimental data obtained for two types of cable commonly used in French nuclear power plants. The second one is devoted to ignition investigations (spontaneous or piloted) of these cables. All these basic observations, measurements and modelling efforts are of major interest for a more comprehensive fire resistance evaluation of electric cables. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Superconducting ac cable

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Schmidt, F.

1980-11-01

The components of a superconducting 110 kV ac cable for power ratings or = 2000 MVA were developed. The cable design is of the semiflexible type, with a rigid cryogenic envelope containing a flexible hollow coaxial cable core. The cable core consists of spirally wound Nb-A1 composite wires electrically insulated by high pressure polyethylene tape wrappings. A 35 m long single phase test cable with full load terminals rated at 110 kV and 10 kA was constructed and successfully tested. The results obtained prove the technical feasibility and capability of this cable design.

Flat conductor cable design, manufacture, and installation

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Angele, W.; Hankins, J. D.

1973-01-01

Pertinent information for hardware selection, design, manufacture, and quality control necessary for flat conductor cable interconnecting harness application is presented. Comparisons are made between round wire cable and flat conductor cable. The flat conductor cable interconnecting harness systems show major cost, weight, and space savings, plus increased system performance and reliability. The design application section includes electrical characteristics, harness design and development, and a full treatise on EMC considerations. Manufacturing and quality control sections pertain primarily to the developed conductor-contact connector system and special flat conductor cable to round wire cable transitions.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bahder, G.; Bopp, L.A.; Eager, G.S.

This report covers the continuation of the work to develop technology to manufacture chemically crosslinked polyethylene insulated power cables in the ac voltage range of 138 kV to 345 kV having insulation thicknesses approximately equal to that of oil impregnated paper insulated cables. It also incorporates the development of field molded splices and terminations for new high voltage stress 138 kV cables. After reviewing the main equipment elements, incorporated in the pilot extrusion line, the special features of this system are noted and a step-by-step description of the cable extrusion process is given. Optimization of the process and introduction ofmore » modifications in the equipment culminated with the production of 138 kV cables. Results of laboratory tests to demonstrate the high quality of the cables are given. The development of molded splices and molded stress control cones was initiated with the work on model cables and followed by the making of splices and terminations on 138 kV cables. The molded components are made with the same purified insulating compound as used in the manufacture of the cables. Both the molded splices and the molded stress control cones have been fully tested in the laboratory. Following the completion of the development of the 138 kV cable a high stress 230 kV crosslinked polyethylene cable was developed and optimized. A full evaluation program similar to the one utilized on the 138 kV cable was carried out. Subsequently, work to develop a 345 kV high voltage stress cable, having insulation thickness of 1.02'' was undertaken. 345 kV cables were successfully manufactured and tested. However, additional work is required to further optimize the quality of this cable.« less

Defining the extent of cables loss in endometrial cancer subtypes and its effectiveness as an inhibitor of cell proliferation in malignant endometrial cells in vitro and in vivo.

PubMed

DeBernardo, Robert L; Littell, Ramey D; Luo, Hongwei; Duska, Linda R; Oliva, Esther; Kirley, Sandra D; Lynch, Maureen P; Zukerberg, Lawrence R; Rueda, Bo R

2005-01-01

Loss of Cables expression is associated with a high incidence of endometrial hyperplasia and endometrial adenocarcinoma in humans. The Cables mutant mouse develops endometrial hyperplasia and following exposure to chronic estrogen develops early endometrial adenocarcinoma. The objectives of the current study were to determine if: (1) loss of Cables expression occurred in high grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma, uterine serous and clear cell carcinoma as observed in endometrial hyperplasia and low grade endometrial adenocarcinoma; (2) overexpression of Cables inhibited cell proliferation in endometrial cancer (EC) cells in vitro and in vivo; and (3) progesterone could regulate the expression of Cables mRNA. Hyperplastic endometrium and low and high grade endometrioid adenocarcinoma showed loss of Cables expression when compared to benign control secretory endometrium. Loss of Cables expression in serous and clear cell tumors was similar to that observed in endometrioid adenocarcinomas with greater than 80% showing loss of protein expression. Treatment of EC lines with progesterone increased cables expression in low-grade EC whereas it had no effect on cables expression in cells derived from high-grade EC. The progesterone-induced increase in cables was abrogated in the presence of a progesterone receptor (PR) antagonist, suggesting the PR mediates the increase. Cables overexpression inhibited cell proliferation of well differentiated EC cells and had no effect on the poorly differentiated EC cells. The capacity to form tumors was dramatically reduced in the Cables overexpressing cell lines compared to those cells containing the control vector. Collectively these results suggest that Cables is an important regulator of cell proliferation and loss of Cables expression contributes to the development of all types of EC.

Temperature Distribution and Critical Current of Long HTS Cables Cooled with Subcooled Liquid Nitrogen

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vyatkin, V. S.; Ivanov, Y. V.; Watanabe, H.; Chikumoto, N.; Yamaguchi, S.

2017-07-01

Cooling of the long HTS power transmission lines performs by pumping of subcooled liquid nitrogen (LN2) along the cable. The temperature of LN2 along the cable increases due to the heat losses of the cryostat and heat generation in the HTS cable. The experiment using test cable line in Ishikari shows that flow rate of 35 L/min retains increasing of LN2 temperature by 1 K per 1 km of length. The technology when the back flow of LN2 cools the radiation shield surrounding the cable pipe is also applied in Ishikari-2 project. In this case the ambient heat flow into cable pipe is 50 times less than that without radiation shield. Back flow of LN2 removes almost all heat coming from the environment. When transport current is close to the critical value the Joule heat of HTS cable is significant. This heat additionally increases the temperature of LN2 flowing along the HTS cable. Near the outlet the temperature of HTS cable is maximal and the local critical current is minimal. The current matching critical current criterion of average electrical field of E 0 = 10-4 V/m provides the voltage drop and significant Joule heat at the hot end of the cable. It can lead the damage of the cable. The present work contains analysis of temperature distribution along the cable and the way to achieve the fail-safe operation of long HTS cable cooled by subcooled LN2. We also performed extrapolation of obtained results for several times longer cable lines by decreasing the LN2 flow rate.

Broadband network selection issues

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Leimer, Michael E.

1996-01-01

Selecting the best network for a given cable or telephone company provider is not as obvious as it appears. The cost and performance trades between Hybrid Fiber Coax (HFC), Fiber to the Curb (FTTC) and Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line networks lead to very different choices based on the existing plant and the expected interactive subscriber usage model. This paper presents some of the issues and trades that drive network selection. The majority of the Interactive Television trials currently underway or planned are based on HFC networks. As a throw away market trial or a short term strategic incursion into a cable market, HFC may make sense. In the long run, if interactive services see high demand, HFC costs per node and an ever shrinking neighborhood node size to service large numbers of subscribers make FTTC appear attractive. For example, thirty-three 64-QAM modulators are required to fill the 550 MHz to 750 MHz spectrum with compressed video streams in 6 MHz channels. This large amount of hardware at each node drives not only initial build-out costs, but operations and maintenance costs as well. FTTC, with its potential for digitally switching large amounts of bandwidth to an given home, offers the potential to grow with the interactive subscriber base with less downstream cost. Integrated telephony on these networks is an issue that appears to be an afterthought for most of the networks being selected at the present time. The major players seem to be videocentric and include telephony as a simple add-on later. This may be a reasonable view point for the telephone companies that plan to leave their existing phone networks untouched. However, a phone company planning a network upgrade or a cable company jumping into the telephony business needs to carefully weigh the cost and performance issues of the various network choices. Each network type provides varying capability in both upstream and downstream bandwidth for voice channels. The noise characteristics vary as well. Cellular quality will not be tolerated by the home or business consumer. The network choices are not simple or obvious. Careful consideration of the cost and performance trades along with cable or telephone company strategic plans is required to ensure selecting the best network.

Workers in the VAB test SRB cables on STS-98 solid rocket boosters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- United Space Alliance SRB technician Richard Bruns attaches a cable end cover to a cable pulled from the solid rocket booster on Space Shuttle Atlantis. The Shuttle was rolled back from Launch Pad 39A in order to conduct tests on the SRB cables. A prior extensive evaluation of NASA'''s SRB cable inventory on the shelf revealed conductor damage in four (of about 200) cables. Shuttle managers decided to prove the integrity of the system tunnel cables already on Atlantis before launching. Workers are conducting inspections, making continuity checks and conducting X-ray analysis on the cables. The launch has been rescheduled no earlier than Feb. 6.

Comparison of alternative designs for reducing complex neurons to equivalent cables.

PubMed

Burke, R E

2000-01-01

Reduction of the morphological complexity of actual neurons into accurate, computationally efficient surrogate models is an important problem in computational neuroscience. The present work explores the use of two morphoelectrotonic transformations, somatofugal voltage attenuation (AT cables) and signal propagation delay (DL cables), as bases for construction of electrotonically equivalent cable models of neurons. In theory, the AT and DL cables should provide more accurate lumping of membrane regions that have the same transmembrane potential than the familiar equivalent cables that are based only on somatofugal electrotonic distance (LM cables). In practice, AT and DL cables indeed provided more accurate simulations of the somatic transient responses produced by fully branched neuron models than LM cables. This was the case in the presence of a somatic shunt as well as when membrane resistivity was uniform.

Fixation systems of greater trochanteric osteotomies: biomechanical and clinical outcomes.

PubMed

Jarit, Gregg J; Sathappan, Sathappan S; Panchal, Anand; Strauss, Eric; Di Cesare, Paul E

2007-10-01

The development of cerclage systems for fixation of greater trochanteric osteotomies has progressed from monofilament wires to multifilament cables to cable grip and cable plate systems. Cerclage wires and cables have various clinical indications, including fixation for fractures and for trochanteric osteotomy in hip arthroplasty. To achieve stable fixation and eventual union of the trochanteric osteotomy, the implant must counteract the destabilizing forces associated with pull of the peritrochanteric musculature. The material properties of cables and cable grip systems are superior to those of monofilament wires; however, potential complications with the use of cables include debris generation and third-body polyethylene wear. Nevertheless, the cable grip system provides the strongest fixation and results in lower rates of nonunion and trochanteric migration. Cable plate constructs show promise but require further clinical studies to validate their efficacy and safety.

Improved models of cable-to-post attachments for high-tension cable barriers.

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2012-05-01

Computer simulation models were developed to analyze and evaluate a new cable-to-post attachment for high-tension cable : barriers. The models replicated the performance of a keyway bolt currently used in the design of a high-tension cable : median b...

Local Area Networks.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Marks, Kenneth E.; Nielsen, Steven

1991-01-01

Discusses cabling that is needed in local area networks (LANs). Types of cables that may be selected are described, including twisted pair, coaxial cables (or ethernet), and fiber optics; network topologies, the manner in which the cables are laid out, are considered; and cable installation issues are discussed. (LRW)

The biodegradation of cable oil components: impact of oil concentration, nutrient addition and bioaugmentation.

PubMed

Towell, Marcie G; Paton, Graeme I; Semple, Kirk T

2011-12-01

The effect of cable oil concentration, nutrient amendment and bioaugmentation on cable oil component biodegradation in a pristine agricultural soil was investigated. Biodegradation potential was evaluated over 21 d by measuring cumulative CO(2) respiration on a Micro-Oxymax respirometer and (14)C-phenyldodecane mineralisation using a (14)C-respirometric assay. Cable oil concentration had a significant effect upon oil biodegradation. Microbial respiratory activity increased with increasing cable oil concentration, whereas (14)C-phenydodecane mineralisation decreased. Bioaugmentation achieved the best cable oil biodegradation performance, resulting in increases in cumulative CO(2) respiration, and maximum rates and extents of (14)C-phenyldodecane mineralisation. Generally, nutrient amendment also enhanced cable oil biodegradation, but not to the extent that degrader amendment did. Cable oil biodegradation was a function of (i) cable oil concentration and (ii) catabolic ability of microbial populations. Bioaugmentation may enhance cable oil biodegradation, and is dependent upon composition, cell number and application of catabolic inocula to soil. Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Literature review of environmental qualification of safety-related electric cables: Summary of past work. Volume 1

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Subudhi, M.

1996-04-01

This report summarizes the findings from a review of published documents dealing with research on the environmental qualification of safety-related electric cables used in nuclear power plants. Simulations of accelerated aging and accident conditions are important considerations in qualifying the cables. Significant research in these two areas has been performed in the US and abroad. The results from studies in France, Germany, and Japan are described in this report. In recent years, the development of methods to monitor the condition of cables has received special attention. Tests involving chemical and physical examination of cable`s insulation and jacket materials, and electricalmore » measurements of the insulation properties of cables are discussed. Although there have been significant advances in many areas, there is no single method which can provide the necessary information about the condition of a cable currently in service. However, it is possible that further research may identify a combination of several methods that can adequately characterize the cable`s condition.« less

Analytical and numerical construction of equivalent cables.

PubMed

Lindsay, K A; Rosenberg, J R; Tucker, G

2003-08-01

The mathematical complexity experienced when applying cable theory to arbitrarily branched dendrites has lead to the development of a simple representation of any branched dendrite called the equivalent cable. The equivalent cable is an unbranched model of a dendrite and a one-to-one mapping of potentials and currents on the branched model to those on the unbranched model, and vice versa. The piecewise uniform cable, with a symmetrised tri-diagonal system matrix, is shown to represent the canonical form for an equivalent cable. Through a novel application of the Laplace transform it is demonstrated that an arbitrary branched model of a dendrite can be transformed to the canonical form of an equivalent cable. The characteristic properties of the equivalent cable are extracted from the matrix for the transformed branched model. The one-to-one mapping follows automatically from the construction of the equivalent cable. The equivalent cable is used to provide a new procedure for characterising the location of synaptic contacts on spinal interneurons.

Frequency Domain Reflectometry Modeling and Measurement for Nondestructive Evaluation of Nuclear Power Plant Cables

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Glass, Samuel W.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Jones, Anthony M.

Cable insulation polymers are among the more susceptible materials to age-related degradation within a nuclear power plant. This is recognized by both regulators and utilities, so all plants have developed cable aging management programs to detect damage before critical component failure in compliance with regulatory guidelines. Although a wide range of tools are available to evaluate cables and cable systems, cable aging management programs vary in how condition monitoring and NDE is conducted as utilities search for the most reliable and cost-effective ways to assess cable system condition. Frequency domain reflectometry (FDR) is emerging as one valuable tool to locatemore » and assess damaged portions of a cable system with minimal cost and only requires access in most cases to one of the cable terminal ends. This work examines a physics-based model of a cable system and relates it to FDR measurements for a better understanding of specific damage influences on defect detectability.« less

Study of Thermomechanical Properties of The Epoxy-Impregnated Cable Composite for a 15 T Nb3Sn Dipole Demonstrator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Pei; Krave, Steve; Zlobin, Alexander

2017-12-01

The knowledge of the thermomechanical properties of the composite of cable/insulation/epoxy impregnation are important for the design, fabrication and operation of superconducting accelerator magnets. As a part of the 15 T dipole magnet development at Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), we studied the thermomechanical properties of cable stack that represents the cable composites in the 15 T dipole. The measurements include thermal contraction and strain-stress characterization under compressive load along the principal directions. The cable stack samples show hysteresis behaviour in loading-unloading cycles, which is found to be most dramatic along the azimuthal direction. Also, the choice of insulation material/procedure is found to strongly impact the bonding between cables and epoxy/cable layers. The cable stacks measured in this study use E-glass tape wrapping insulation and show weaker bonding to cables than similar cable stacks using S-2 glass sleeves insulation previously studied.

Spacecraft Communications System Verification Using On-Axis Near Field Measurement Techniques

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Keating, Thomas; Baugh, Mark; Gosselin, R. B.; Lecha, Maria C.; Krebs, Carolyn A. (Technical Monitor)

2000-01-01

Determination of the readiness of a spacecraft for launch is a critical requirement. The final assembly of all subsystems must be verified. Testing of a communications system can mostly be done using closed-circuits (cabling to/from test ports), but the final connections to the antenna require radiation tests. The Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) Project used a readily available 'near-fleld on-axis' equation to predict the values to be used for comparison with those obtained in a test program. Tests were performed in a 'clean room' environment at both Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and in Japan at the Tanegashima Space Center (TnSC) launch facilities. Most of the measured values agreed with the predicted values to within 0.5 dB. This demonstrates that sometimes you can use relatively simple techniques to make antenna performance measurements when use of the 'far field ranges, anechoic chambers, or precision near-field ranges' are neither available nor practical. Test data and photographs are provided.

30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

30 CFR 7.407 - Test for flame resistance of electric cables and cable splices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Test for flame resistance of electric cables... Electric Cables, Signaling Cables, and Cable Splice Kits § 7.407 Test for flame resistance of electric... a minimum of 24 hours at a temperature of 70 ±10 °F (21.1 ±5.5 °C) and a relative humidity of 55 ±10...

65. CALIFORNIA STREET CABLE RAILWAY WINDING MACHINERY: Photocopy of ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

65. CALIFORNIA STREET CABLE RAILWAY - WINDING MACHINERY: Photocopy of February 1955 photograph showing the winding machinery of the California Street Cable Railroad. The two suspended sheaves on the right of the photograph bore down on the cable as it left the winders, supplying tension to the cable and eliminating the need for a long tension run. - San Francisco Cable Railway, Washington & Mason Streets, San Francisco, San Francisco County, CA

Experimental study on the fire protection properties of PVC sheath for old and new cables.

PubMed

Xie, Qiyuan; Zhang, Heping; Tong, Lin

2010-07-15

The objective of the present study is to analyze the fire protection properties of old and new cables through TG, FTIR and MCC experiments. The results show that the mass loss of old cable sheath is clearly larger than the new one when the temperature is higher than 550 K in air or nitrogen atmosphere. It suggests that the old cable sheath starts to pyrolyze generally at the same temperature based on the analysis of the onset temperatures of mass loss. The results also show that there is a main peak DTG for the old and new cable sheath under each condition. However, the main peak DTG of old cable sheath is larger than that of the new cable sheath, especially in air atmosphere. The FTIR experiments show that the HCl is released by the new cable later but more quickly than the old cable. The MCC experiments suggest that compared with the new one, the peak heat release rate is larger for the old cable. It illustrates that the old cable sheath generally pyrolyzes and combusts more strongly and completely than the new one. Namely, the fire protection properties of the old cable in old buildings are relatively weak. 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Hybrid modeling for dynamic analysis of cable-pulley systems with time-varying length cable and its application

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Jing; Qi, Zhaohui; Wang, Gang

2017-10-01

The dynamic analysis of cable-pulley systems is investigated in this paper, where the time-varying length characteristic of the cable as well as the coupling motion between the cable and the pulleys are considered. The dynamic model for cable-pulley systems are presented based on the principle of virtual power. Firstly, the cubic spline interpolation is adopted for modeling the flexible cable elements and the virtual 1powers of tensile strain, inertia and gravity forces on the cable are formulated. Then, the coupled motions between the cable and the movable or fixed pulley are described by the input and output contact points, based on the no-slip assumption and the spatial description. The virtual powers of inertia, gravity and applied forces on the contact segment of the cable, the movable and fixed pulleys are formulated. In particular, the internal node degrees of freedom of spline cable elements are reduced, which results in that only the independent description parameters of the nodes connected to the pulleys are included in the final governing dynamic equations. At last, two cable-pulley lifting mechanisms are considered as demonstrative application examples where the vibration of the lifting process is investigated. The comparison with ADAMS models is given to prove the validity of the proposed method.

The use of sublaminar cables to replace Luque wires.

PubMed

Songer, M N; Spencer, D L; Meyer, P R; Jayaraman, G

1991-08-01

Sublaminar wires have been used in conjunction with posterior instrumentation to stabilize the spine. Sublaminar wiring has fallen into disfavor because of an increase in neurologic complications with the Luque technique as well as wire breakage, dural tears, and difficulty of removal. A cable system consisting of two 49-stranded stainless steel cables connected to one malleable leader was designed to overcome these shortcomings. Biomechanical testing revealed that the maximum yield strength of a single stainless steel cable loop was 2.85-2.94 times greater than a double 0.05-in. stainless steel wire loop. The fatigue tests demonstrated that the stainless steel cables required 6-22 times more cycles to failure than the stainless steel wire. Many of the titanium cables failed immediately under higher loads (0-100 lb) because of slipping of the crimp. The preliminary clinical results after a mean of 19 months of follow-up of 245 cables are encouraging. There has been no breakage or loosening of the cables and no complications associated with the use of the cables. The stainless steel cables are very strong, but more important, the cable flexibility prevents repeated contusions to the spinal cord during insertion of the rods and tightening of wires. The cable conforms to the undersurface of the lamina. This may lead to a decrease in neurologic complications.

Optimal energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of cables.

PubMed

Antoine, G O; de Langre, E; Michelin, S

2016-11-01

Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of flexible cables are an example of flow-induced vibrations that can act as energy harvesting systems by converting energy associated with the spontaneous cable motion into electricity. This work investigates the optimal positioning of the harvesting devices along the cable, using numerical simulations with a wake oscillator model to describe the unsteady flow forcing. Using classical gradient-based optimization, the optimal harvesting strategy is determined for the generic configuration of a flexible cable fixed at both ends, including the effect of flow forces and gravity on the cable's geometry. The optimal strategy is found to consist systematically in a concentration of the harvesting devices at one of the cable's ends, relying on deformation waves along the cable to carry the energy towards this harvesting site. Furthermore, we show that the performance of systems based on VIV of flexible cables is significantly more robust to flow velocity variations, in comparison with a rigid cylinder device. This results from two passive control mechanisms inherent to the cable geometry: (i) the adaptability to the flow velocity of the fundamental frequencies of cables through the flow-induced tension and (ii) the selection of successive vibration modes by the flow velocity for cables with gravity-induced tension.

Optimal energy harvesting from vortex-induced vibrations of cables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Antoine, G. O.; de Langre, E.; Michelin, S.

2016-11-01

Vortex-induced vibrations (VIV) of flexible cables are an example of flow-induced vibrations that can act as energy harvesting systems by converting energy associated with the spontaneous cable motion into electricity. This work investigates the optimal positioning of the harvesting devices along the cable, using numerical simulations with a wake oscillator model to describe the unsteady flow forcing. Using classical gradient-based optimization, the optimal harvesting strategy is determined for the generic configuration of a flexible cable fixed at both ends, including the effect of flow forces and gravity on the cable's geometry. The optimal strategy is found to consist systematically in a concentration of the harvesting devices at one of the cable's ends, relying on deformation waves along the cable to carry the energy towards this harvesting site. Furthermore, we show that the performance of systems based on VIV of flexible cables is significantly more robust to flow velocity variations, in comparison with a rigid cylinder device. This results from two passive control mechanisms inherent to the cable geometry: (i) the adaptability to the flow velocity of the fundamental frequencies of cables through the flow-induced tension and (ii) the selection of successive vibration modes by the flow velocity for cables with gravity-induced tension.

Cable coupling lightning transient qualification

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Cook, M.

1989-01-01

Simulated lightning strike testing of instrumentation cabling on the redesigned solid rocket motor was performed. Testing consisted of subjecting the lightning evaluation test article to simulated lightning strikes and evaluating the effects of instrumentation cable transients on cables within the system tunnel. The maximum short-circuit current induced onto a United Space Boosters, Inc., operational flight cable within the systems tunnel was 92 A, and the maximum induced open-circuit voltage was 316 V. These levels were extrapolated to the worst-case (200 kA) condition of NASA specification NSTS 07636 and were also scaled to full-scale redesigned solid rocket motor dimensions. Testing showed that voltage coupling to cables within the systems tunnel can be reduced 40 to 90 dB and that current coupling to cables within the systems tunnel can be reduced 30 to 70 dB with the use of braided metallic sock shields around cables that are external to the systems tunnel. Testing also showed that current and voltage levels induced onto cables within the systems tunnel are partially dependant on the cables' relative locations within the systems tunnel. Results of current injections to the systems tunnel indicate that the dominant coupling mode on cables within the systems tunnel is not from instrumentation cables but from coupling through the systems tunnel cover seam apertures. It is recommended that methods of improving the electrical bonding between individual sections of the systems tunnel covers be evaluated. Further testing to better characterize redesigned solid rocket motor cable coupling effects as an aid in developing methods to reduce coupling levels, particularly with respect to cable placement within the systems tunnel, is also recommended.

Optic fiber sensor-based smart bridge cable with functionality of self-sensing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

He, Jianping; Zhou, Zhi; Jinping, Ou

2013-02-01

Bridge cables, characterized by distributed large span, serving in harsh environment and vulnerability to random damage, are the key load-sustaining components of cable-based bridges. To ensure the safety of the bridge structure, it is critical to monitor the loading conditions of these cables under lengthwise random damages. Aiming at obtaining accurate monitoring at the critical points as well as the general information of the cable force distributed along the entire cable, this paper presents a study on cable force monitoring by combining optical fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors and Brillouin optical time domain analysis/reflectory (BOTDA/R) sensing technique in one single optical fiber. A smart FRP-OF-FBG rebar based cable was fabricated by protruding a FRP packaged OF-FBG sensor into the bridge cable. And its sensing characteristics, stability under high stress state temperature self-compensation as well as BOTDA/R distributed data improvement by local FBG sensors have been investigated. The results show that FRP-OF-FBG rebar in the smart cable can deform consistantly along with the steel wire and the cable force obtained from the optical fiber sensors agree well with theoretical value with relative error less than ±5%. Besides, the temperature self-compensation method provides a significant cost-effective technique for the FRP-OF-FBG based cables' in situ cable force measurement. And furthermore, potential damages of the bridge cable, e.g. wire breaking and corrosion, can be characterized and symbolized by the discontinuity and fluctuation of the distributed BOTDA data thereafter accuracy improved by local FBG sensors.

The biomechanical analysis of sublaminar wires and cables using luque segmental spinal instrumentation.

PubMed

Parsons, J R; Chokshi, B V; Lee, C K; Gundlapalli, R V; Stamer, D

1997-02-01

Data was gathered from biomechanical testing of 10 thoracic human cadaveric spines. Spines were tested intact and with a Luque rectangle fixed with wire or cable. To compare the rigidity of fixation and intraspinal penetration of sublaminar monofilament wire and multistrand cable under identical conditions using human cadaveric spines. Reports of neurologic and mechanical complications associated with sublaminar wiring techniques have led to the recent development of more flexible multistrand cable systems. The relative performance of flexible cable versus monofilament wire has not been explored fully in a controlled mechanical environment. A servohydraulic mechanical testing machine was used to measure the static mechanical stiffness of sublaminar wire or cable fixation in conjunction with a Luque rectangle for thoracic human cadaveric spine segments in flexion-extension and torsion modes. Cyclic testing was performed in the flexion-extension mode. Intraspinal penetration of wires and cables was measured. Spine fixation with sublaminar wire and cable resulted in constructs of equal stiffness in flexion-extension and torsion modes. Cyclic testing also indicated similar fatigue profiles for wire- and cable-instrumented spines. Wire and cable fixed spines displayed greater stiffness than the intact spines. Cable encroachment of the spinal canal was less than that seen with wire. Sublaminar multistrand cable may be a rational alternative to monofilament wire in segmental spinal instrumentation because it provides less encroachment into the spinal canal. Further, cadaveric spines instrumented with wire and cable display equivalent mechanical behavior, statically and under cyclic loading. The potential advantages of cable, however, must be balanced against a substantial increase in cost relative to wire.

Commercialization of Medium Voltage HTS Triax TM Cable Systems

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Knoll, David

2012-12-31

The original project scope that was established in 2007 aimed to install a 1,700 meter (1.1 mile) medium voltage HTS Triax{TM} cable system into the utility grid in New Orleans, LA. In 2010, however, the utility partner withdrew from the project, so the 1,700 meter cable installation was cancelled and the scope of work was reduced. The work then concentrated on the specific barriers to commercialization of HTS cable technology. The modified scope included long-length HTS cable design and testing, high voltage factory test development, optimized cooling system development, and HTS cable life-cycle analysis. In 2012, Southwire again analyzed themore » market for HTS cables and deemed the near term market acceptance to be low. The scope of work was further reduced to the completion of tasks already started and to testing of the existing HTS cable system in Columbus, OH. The work completed under the project included: • Long-length cable modeling and analysis • HTS wire evaluation and testing • Cable testing for AC losses • Optimized cooling system design • Life cycle testing of the HTS cable in Columbus, OH • Project management. The 200 meter long HTS Triax{TM} cable in Columbus, OH was incorporated into the project under the initial scope changes as a test bed for life cycle testing as well as the site for an optimized HTS cable cooling system. The Columbus cable utilizes the HTS TriaxTM design, so it provided an economical tool for these of the project tasks.« less

Microbiological Spoilage of Beverages

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lawlor, Kathleen A.; Schuman, James D.; Simpson, Peter G.; Taormina, Peter J.

Commercially packaged, non-alcoholic, ready-to-drink (RTD) beverages comprise a diverse group of products, both carbonated (sparkling) and non-carbonated (still), that appeal to consumers of all ages and provide refreshment, hydration, energy, and nutrition at home and "on-the-go." Examples of such products include purified, mineral, and spring waters, flavored or enhanced waters, colas, fruit-flavored sodas, sports and energy drinks, fruit or vegetable juices, teas, coffees, smoothies, dairy and yogurt drinks, and fusion beverages (hybrid products that bridge multiple beverage categories).

Nutritional and Hydration Status of Special Forces Soldiers Consuming the Ration, Cold Weather, or the Meal, Ready-to-Eat Ration during a Ten Day Cold Weather Field Training Exercise

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-02-19

patty 61 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 SPREAD Cheese 31 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 nelly 73 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 Peanut butter fi7 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 FRUIT Applesauce ...patties Turkey w/gravy STARCH Crackers Beans w/tomato sauce Potato patty SPREAD Cheese 3elly Peanut butter FRUIT Applesauce Mixed fruits

30 CFR 75.600 - Trailing cables; flame resistance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables; flame resistance. 75.600... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.600 Trailing cables; flame resistance. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables used in coal mines shall meet the...

30 CFR 75.606 - Protection of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of trailing cables. 75.606 Section... AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.606 Protection of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables shall be adequately protected to prevent damage by...

Cable Television; A Bibliographic Review.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Schoenung, James

This bibliographic review of publications in the field of cable television begins with an introduction to cable television and an outline of the history and development of cable television. Particular attention is given to the regulatory activities of the Federal Communications Commission and the unfulfilled potential of cable television. The…

101. CABLE DISTRIBUTION UNITS, SOUTHEAST SIDE OF LANDLINE INSTRUMENTATION ROOM ...

Library of Congress Historic Buildings Survey, Historic Engineering Record, Historic Landscapes Survey

101. CABLE DISTRIBUTION UNITS, SOUTHEAST SIDE OF LANDLINE INSTRUMENTATION ROOM (106), LSB (BLDG. 770). NOTE CABLES ENTER CABLE DISTRIBUTION UNITS FROM OVERHEAD CABLE TRAYS. - Vandenberg Air Force Base, Space Launch Complex 3, Launch Pad 3 West, Napa & Alden Roads, Lompoc, Santa Barbara County, CA

14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...

14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...

14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...

14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...

14 CFR 27.1365 - Electric cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Electric cables. 27.1365 Section 27.1365... STANDARDS: NORMAL CATEGORY ROTORCRAFT Equipment Electrical Systems and Equipment § 27.1365 Electric cables. (a) Each electric connecting cable must be of adequate capacity. (b) Each cable that would overheat...

30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... wires not insulated from one another, suitable for carrying an electric current. Electric Cable. An assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable... the primary electric current or power is transmitted. Signaling Cable. A fiber optic cable, or a cable...

30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... wires not insulated from one another, suitable for carrying an electric current. Electric Cable. An assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable... the primary electric current or power is transmitted. Signaling Cable. A fiber optic cable, or a cable...

30 CFR 7.402 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... wires not insulated from one another, suitable for carrying an electric current. Electric Cable. An assembly of one or more insulated conductors of electric current under a common or integral jacket. A cable... the primary electric current or power is transmitted. Signaling Cable. A fiber optic cable, or a cable...

Assessment of NDE for key indicators of aging cables in nuclear power plants - Interim status

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Glass, S. W.; Ramuhalli, P.; Fifield, L. S.; Prowant, M. S.; Dib, G.; Tedeschi, J. R.; Suter, J. D.; Jones, A. M.; Good, M. S.; Pardini, A. F.; Hartman, T. S.

2016-02-01

Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components of installed cables within nuclear power plants (NPPs) is known to occur as a function of age, temperature, radiation, and other environmental factors. System tests verify cable function under normal loads; however, the concern is over cable performance under exceptional loads associated with design-basis events (DBEs). The cable's ability to perform safely over the initial 40-year planned and licensed life has generally been demonstrated and there have been very few age-related cable failures. With greater than 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, replacing all the cables would be a severe cost burden. Justification for life extension to 60 and 80 years requires a cable aging management program to justify cable performance under normal operation as well as accident conditions. Currently the gold standard for determining cable insulation degradation is the elongation-at-break (EAB). This, however, is an ex-situ measurement and requires removal of a sample for laboratory investigation. A reliable nondestructive examination (NDE) in-situ approach is desirable to objectively determine the suitability of the cable for service. A variety of tests are available to assess various aspects of electrical and mechanical cable performance, but none of these tests are suitable for all cable configurations nor does any single test confirm all features of interest. Nevertheless, the complete collection of test possibilities offers a powerful range of tools to assure the integrity of critical cables. Licensees and regulators have settled on a practical program to justify continued operation based on condition monitoring of a lead sample set of cables where test data is tracked in a database and the required test data are continually adjusted based on plant and fleet-wide experience. As part of the Light Water Reactor Sustainability program sponsored by the U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, the U.S. Department of Energy, and industry (represented by the Electric Power Research Institute), an assessment of cable NDE methods was commissioned. Technologies include both bulk electrical measurements (Tan δ, time domain reflectometry, frequency domain reflectometry (FDR), partial discharge, and other techniques) and local insulation measurement (indenter, dynamic mechanical analysis interdigital capacitance, infrared spectral measurement, etc.). This aging cable NDE program update reviews the full range of techniques but focuses on the most interesting test approaches that have a chance to be deployed in-situ, particularly including Tan δ, FDR, and ultrasound methods that have been reviewed most completely in this progress period.

Fiber optical cable and connector system (FOCCoS) for PFS/ Subaru

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

de Oliveira, Antonio Cesar; de Oliveira, Lígia Souza; de Arruda, Marcio V.; Souza Marrara, Lucas; dos Santos, Leandro H.; Ferreira, Décio; dos Santos, Jesulino B.; Rosa, Josimar A.; Junior, Orlando V.; Pereira, Jeferson M.; Castilho, Bruno; Gneiding, Clemens; Junior, Laerte S.; de Oliveira, Claudia M.; Gunn, James; Ueda, Akitoshi; Takato, Naruhisa; Shimono, Atsushi; Sugai, Hajime; Karoji, Hiroshi; Kimura, Masahiko; Tamura, Naoyuki; Wang, Shiang-Yu; Murray, Graham; Le Mignant, David; Madec, Fabrice; Jaquet, Marc; Vives, Sebastien; Fisher, Charlie; Braun, David; Schwochert, Mark; Reiley, Daniel J.

2014-07-01

FOCCoS, "Fiber Optical Cable and Connector System" has the main function of capturing the direct light from the focal plane of Subaru Telescope using optical fibers, each one with a microlens in its tip, and conducting this light through a route containing connectors to a set of four spectrographs. The optical fiber cable is divided in 3 different segments called Cable A, Cable B and Cable C. Multi-fibers connectors assure precise connection among all optical fibers of the segments, providing flexibility for instrument changes. To assure strong and accurate connection, these sets are arranged inside two types of assemblies: the Tower Connector, for connection between Cable C and Cable B; and the Gang Connector, for connection between Cable B and Cable A. Throughput tests were made to evaluate the efficiency of the connections. A lifetime test connection is in progress. Cable C is installed inside the PFI, Prime Focus Instrument, where each fiber tip with a microlens is bonded to the end of the shaft of a 2-stage piezo-electric rotatory motor positioner; this assembly allows each fiber to be placed anywhere within its patrol region, which is 9.5mm diameter.. Each positioner uses a fiber arm to support the ferrule, the microlens, and the optical fiber. 2400 of these assemblies are arranged on a motor bench plate in a hexagonal-closed-packed disposition. All optical fibers from Cable C, protected by tubes, pass through the motors' bench plate, three modular plates and a strain relief box, terminating at the Tower Connector. Cable B is permanently installed at Subaru Telescope structure, as a link between Cable C and Cable A. This cable B starts at the Tower Connector device, placed on a lateral structure of the telescope, and terminates at the Gang Connector device. Cable B will be routed to minimize the compression, torsion and bending caused by the cable weight and telescope motion. In the spectrograph room, Cable A starts at the Gang Connector, crosses a distribution box and terminates in a slit device. Each slit device receives approximately 600 optical fibers, linearly arrayed in a curve for better orientation of the light to the spectrograph collimator mirror. Four sets of Gang Connectors, distribution boxes and Slit devices complete one Cable A. This paper will review the general design of the FOCCoS subsystem, methods used to manufacture the involved devices, and the needed tests results to evaluate the total efficiency of the set.

30 CFR 75.826 - High-voltage trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables. 75.826 Section 75...-Voltage Longwalls § 75.826 High-voltage trailing cables. High-voltage trailing cables must: (a) Meet existing trailing cable requirements and the approval requirements of the high-voltage continuous mining...

30 CFR 75.601 - Short circuit protection of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Short circuit protection of trailing cables. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.601 Short circuit protection of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] Short circuit protection for trailing cables...

30 CFR 77.603 - Clamping of trailing cables to equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. 77.603 Section 77.603 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL... UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.603 Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. Trailing cables...

30 CFR 75.603 - Temporary splice of trailing cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Temporary splice of trailing cable. 75.603... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.603 Temporary splice of trailing cable. [Statutory Provision] One temporary splice may be made in any trailing cable...

30 CFR 75.602 - Trailing cable junctions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cable junctions. 75.602 Section 75.602... MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.602 Trailing cable junctions. [Statutory Provision] When two or more trailing cables junction to the same distribution center, means shall...

30 CFR 18.35 - Portable (trailing) cables and cords.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Portable (trailing) cables and cords. 18.35... and Design Requirements § 18.35 Portable (trailing) cables and cords. (a) Portable cables and cords... a portable (trailing) cable shall not exceed 500 feet. Where the method of mining requires the...

30 CFR 75.604 - Permanent splicing of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permanent splicing of trailing cables. 75.604... SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.604 Permanent splicing of trailing cables. [Statutory Provisions] When permanent splices in trailing cables are made...

30 CFR 77.602 - Permanent splicing of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Permanent splicing of trailing cables. 77.602... COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.602 Permanent splicing of trailing cables. When permanent splices in trailing cables are made, they shall be: (a) Mechanically strong with adequate electrical conductivity; (b...

30 CFR 77.604 - Protection of trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Protection of trailing cables. 77.604 Section 77.604 Mineral Resources MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR COAL MINE SAFETY... MINES Trailing Cables § 77.604 Protection of trailing cables. Trailing cables shall be adequately...

30 CFR 77.606 - Energized trailing cables; handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Energized trailing cables; handling. 77.606... COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.606 Energized trailing cables; handling. Energized medium- and high-voltage trailing cables shall be handled only by persons wearing protective rubber gloves (see § 77.606-1...

30 CFR 75.605 - Clamping of trailing cables to equipment.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. 75... MINE SAFETY AND HEALTH MANDATORY SAFETY STANDARDS-UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 75.605 Clamping of trailing cables to equipment. [Statutory Provisions] Trailing cables shall be clamped to...

30 CFR 75.833 - Handling high-voltage trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Handling high-voltage trailing cables. 75.833... High-Voltage Longwalls § 75.833 Handling high-voltage trailing cables. (a) Cable handling. (1) Miners must not handle energized trailing cables unless they are wearing high-voltage insulating gloves, which...

30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices. Short-circuit protection for trailing cables shall be provided by an automatic circuit...

47 CFR 76.611 - Cable television basic signal leakage performance criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... average power level of the strongest cable television carrier on the system. (c) In paragraph (a)(1) and... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable television basic signal leakage...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Technical Standards § 76.611 Cable...

30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...

30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...

47 CFR 76.611 - Cable television basic signal leakage performance criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... average power level of the strongest cable television carrier on the system. (c) In paragraph (a)(1) and... 47 Telecommunication 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Cable television basic signal leakage...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Technical Standards § 76.611 Cable...

30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...

47 CFR 76.611 - Cable television basic signal leakage performance criteria.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... average power level of the strongest cable television carrier on the system. (c) In paragraph (a)(1) and... 47 Telecommunication 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Cable television basic signal leakage...) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Technical Standards § 76.611 Cable...

30 CFR 77.600 - Trailing cables; short-circuit protection; disconnecting devices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... capacity in each ungrounded conductor. Disconnecting devices used to disconnect power from trailing cables... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Trailing cables; short-circuit protection... AREAS OF UNDERGROUND COAL MINES Trailing Cables § 77.600 Trailing cables; short-circuit protection...

Cable Television, Market Power and Regulation.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Thorpe, Kenneth E.

The goals of this dissertation are to provide an empirical examination of the impact of competing technologies on cable television firms and to document existing pricing behavior in the cable and pay programming industry. The introduction provides a brief overview of the cable television industry, including the impact of cable on federal policy…

Universal Cable Brackets

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vanvalkenburgh, C.

1985-01-01

Concept allows routing easily changed. No custom hardware required in concept. Instead, standard brackets cut to length and installed at selected locations along cable route. If cable route is changed, brackets simply moved to new locations. Concept for "universal" cable brackets make it easy to route electrical cable around and through virtually any structure.

Telecommunications and Technology.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Associated Press Managing Editors.

This report begins by noting that newspapers are now producing cable television programs, leasing cable channels, and selling cable advertising; thus the first half of the report consists of articles examining that trend. The articles explain why and how newspapers entered the world of cable, why one newspaper dropped cable, the success of one…

30 CFR 7.405 - Critical characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Cable Splice Kits § 7.405 Critical characteristics. (a) A sample from each production run, batch, or lot of manufactured electric cable, signaling cable, or splice made from a splice kit shall be flame... cable or splice and a sample of the cable or splice kit assembly shall be visually inspected or tested...

30 CFR 7.405 - Critical characteristics.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Cable Splice Kits § 7.405 Critical characteristics. (a) A sample from each production run, batch, or lot of manufactured electric cable, signaling cable, or splice made from a splice kit shall be flame... cable or splice and a sample of the cable or splice kit assembly shall be visually inspected or tested...

47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The operator of every operational cable...

47 CFR 76.403 - Cable television system reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Cable television system reports. 76.403 Section 76.403 Telecommunication FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION (CONTINUED) BROADCAST RADIO SERVICES MULTICHANNEL VIDEO AND CABLE TELEVISION SERVICE Forms and Reports § 76.403 Cable television system reports. The operator of every operational cable...

Process of modifying a cable end

DOEpatents

Roose, L.D.

1995-08-01

End moldings for high-voltage cables are described wherein the dielectric insulator of the cable is heated and molded to conform to a desired shape. As a consequence, high quality substantially bubble-free cable connectors suitable for mating to premanufactured fittings are made. Disclosed are a method for making the cable connectors either in the field or in a factory, molds suitable for use with the method, and the molded cable connectors, themselves. 5 figs.

Process for making RF shielded cable connector assemblies and the products formed thereby

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fisher, A.; Clatterbuck, C. H. (Inventor)

1973-01-01

A process for making RF shielded cable connector assemblies and the resulting structures is described. The process basically consists of potting wires of a shielded cable between the cable shield and a connector housing to fill in, support, regidize, and insulate the individual wires contained in the cable. The formed potting is coated with an electrically conductive material so as to form an entirely encompassing adhering conductive path between the cable shield and the metallic connector housing. A protective jacket is thereby formed over the conductive coating between the cable shield and the connector housing.

Electronically controlled cable wrapper

DOEpatents

Young, Thomas M.

1984-01-01

A spindle assembly engages and moves along a length of cable to be wrapped with insulating tape. Reels of insulating tape are mounted on a outer rotatable spindle which revolves around the cable to dispense insulating tape. The rate of movement of the spindle assembly along the length of the cable is controlled by a stepper motor which is programmably synchronized to the rate at which rotatable spindle wraps the cable. The stepper motor drives a roller which engages the cable and moves the spindle assembly along the length of the cable as it is being wrapped. The spindle assembly is mounted at the end of an articulated arm which allows free movement of the spindle assembly and allows the spindle assembly to follow lateral movement of the cable.

Electronically controlled cable wrapper

DOEpatents

Young, T.M.

1982-08-17

A spindle assembly engages and moves along a length of cable to be wrapped with insulating tape. Reels of insulating tape are mounted on a outer rotatable spindle which revolves around the cable to dispense insulating tape. The rate of movement of the spindle assembly along the length of the cable is controlled by a stepper motor which is programmably synchronized to the rate at which rotatable spindle wraps the cable. The stepper motor drives a roller which engages the cable and moves the spindle assembly along the length of the cable as it is being wrapped. The spindle assembly is mounted at the end of an articulated arm which allows free movement of the spindle assembly and allows the spindle assembly to follow lateral movement of the cable.

Fiber optic submarine cables cuts cost modeling and cable protection aspects

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Al-Lawati, Ali

2015-03-01

This work presents a model to calculate costs associated with submarine fiber optic cable cuts. It accounts for both fixed and variable factors determining cost of fixing cables and restoring data transmission. It considers duration of a cut, capacity of fibers, number of fiber pairs and expected number of cuts during cable life time. Moreover, it provides templates for initial feasibility assessments by comparing cut costs to cost of different cable protection schemes. It offers a needed tool to assist in guiding decision makers in selecting type of cable, length and depth of cable burial in terms of increase in initial investment due to adapting such protection methods, and compare it to cost of cuts repair and alternative restoration paths for data.

Self-healing cable apparatus and methods

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Huston, Dryver (Inventor); Esser, Brian (Inventor)

2007-01-01

Self-healing cable apparatus and methods are disclosed. The cable has a central core surrounded by an adaptive cover that can extend over the entire length of the cable or just one or more portions of the cable. The adaptive cover includes a protective layer having an initial damage resistance, and a reactive layer. When the cable is subjected to a localized damaging force, the reactive layer responds by creating a corresponding localized self-healed region. The self-healed region provides the cable with enhanced damage resistance as compared to the cable's initial damage resistance. Embodiments of the invention utilize conventional epoxies or foaming materials in the reactive layer that are released to form the self-healed region when the damaging force reaches the reactive layer.

Debris protection cover assembly for cable connectors

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Yovan, Roger D. (Inventor)

1999-01-01

A protective cover assembly for an end of a cable connector having a cable housing that encloses a plurality of connective pins or sockets and that satisfies all requirements for space applications. A connector body flange is formed at the extremity of a cable and is positioned so that it may register with a corresponding connector body flange on the end of a companion cable to which a connection is to be made, one cable end having cable lead pins and the companion cable end having lead sockets with which the pins register. A latch mechanism having a latch housing is received in the connector body flange and a crank connected to a manually rotatable cap actuates a spring-loaded latch element that is engageable with a connector body flange to secure or to release the cover assembly with the simple twisting motion of the cap, thereby simplifying the task of effecting coupling and decoupling of the cable ends.

Applications of FRP-OFBG sensors on bridge cables

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhou, Zhi; Zhang, Zhichun; Deng, Nianchun; Zhao, Xuefeng; Li, Dongsheng; Wang, Chuang; Ou, Jinping

2005-05-01

It is still a practical problem how to effectively install FBG sensors on bridge cabes. In this paper, a simple and effective solution is introduced to develop smart bridge cables using FRP-OFBG bars developed in HIT (Harbin Institute of Technology). Here, the FRP-OFBG bar acts as one component of the cable and shows force resistance and well-protected sensors in service. The installation techniques and the sensing properties of FBGs in three kinds of cables, FRP cables, common steel-wire cable and extruded-anchor cable, are introduced and tested under dead load. Moreover, the preliminary introduction of a practical field application based on this solution has been also given. The experimental results show that the deformability of FRP-OFBG bars in the smart cables can reach the terminal and show wonderful accuracy, which shows that such kind of smart cable is practical in field application.

Lightweight, Flexible, High-Performance Carbon Nanotube Cables Made by Scalable Flow Coating.

PubMed

Mirri, Francesca; Orloff, Nathan D; Forster, Aaron M; Ashkar, Rana; Headrick, Robert J; Bengio, E Amram; Long, Christian J; Choi, April; Luo, Yimin; Walker, Angela R Hight; Butler, Paul; Migler, Kalman B; Pasquali, Matteo

2016-02-01

Coaxial cables for data transmission are ubiquitous in telecommunications, aerospace, automotive, and robotics industries. Yet, the metals used to make commercial cables are unsuitably heavy and stiff. These undesirable traits are particularly problematic in aerospace applications, where weight is at a premium and flexibility is necessary to conform with the distributed layout of electronic components in satellites and aircraft. The cable outer conductor (OC) is usually the heaviest component of modern data cables; therefore, exchanging the conventional metallic OC for lower weight materials with comparable transmission characteristics is highly desirable. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have recently been proposed to replace the metal components in coaxial cables; however, signal attenuation was too high in prototypes produced so far. Here, we fabricate the OC of coaxial data cables by directly coating a solution of CNTs in chlorosulfonic acid (CSA) onto the cable inner dielectric. This coating has an electrical conductivity that is approximately 2 orders of magnitude greater than the best CNT OC reported in the literature to date. This high conductivity makes CNT coaxial cables an attractive alternative to commercial cables with a metal (tin-coated copper) OC, providing comparable cable attenuation and mechanical durability with a 97% lower component mass.

New Life For The Cable Cars

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1979-01-01

NASA-Arnes' major recommendations involved ways of extending cable life in the interests of safety and economy. Other recommendations included redesign of the cablegripping device, substitution of modern braking mechanisms, improvements in cable pulleys and other components, and new inspection and repair procedures. Ames followed up by designing and installing new equipment to lengthen cable life, which averages only about two months. These cables-four of them for four different car routes--are endless belts, like ski lift cables, running from the downtown car barn to the end of each line. When a cable is installed, the loop is closed by splicing the ends together in a 72-footlong splice. The splice is the weakest part of the cable and a source of problems. When the car operator applies his grip while over a splice, the resulting friction sometimes causes the splice to "unbraid" and fail; this means shutting down the line until the splice can be repaired. Even when unbraiding does not occur, gripping a splice shortens cable life by friction wear. Worn cables are a safety hazard and must be replaced, which is expensive at $1.60 a foot for 10,000 to 20,000 feet of cable.

Assessing potential impacts of energized submarine power cables on crab harvests

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Love, Milton S.; Nishimoto, Mary M.; Clark, Scott; McCrea, Merit; Bull, Ann Scarborough

2017-12-01

Offshore renewable energy facilities transmit electricity to shore through submarine power cables. Electromagnetic field emissions (EMFs) are generated from the transmission of electricity through these cables, such as the AC inter-array (between unit) and AC export (to shore) cables often used in offshore energy production. The EMF has both an electric component and a magnetic component. While sheathing can block the direct electric field, the magnetic field is not blocked. A concern raised by fishermen on the Pacific Coast of North America is that commercially important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister Dana, 1852)) might not cross over an energized submarine power cable to enter a baited crab trap, thus potentially reducing their catch. The presence of operating energized cables off southern California and in Puget Sound (cables that are comparable to those within the arrays of existing offshore wind energy devices) allowed us to conduct experiments on how energized power cables might affect the harvesting of both M. magister and another commercially important crab species, Cancer productus Randall, 1839. In this study we tested the questions: 1) Is the catchability of crabs reduced if these animals must traverse an energized power cable to enter a trap and 2) if crabs preferentially do not cross an energized cable, is it the cable structure or the EMF emitted from that cable that deters crabs from crossing? In field experiments off southern California and in Puget Sound, crabs were given a choice of walking over an energized power cable to a baited trap or walking directly away from that cable to a second baited trap. Based on our research we found no evidence that the EMF emitted by energized submarine power cables influenced the catchability of these two species of commercially important crabs. In addition, there was no difference in the crabs' responses to lightly buried versus unburied cables. We did observe that, regardless of the position of the cable, Cancer productus in southern California tended to move to the west and Metacarcinus magister tended to move to the east.

What threat do turbidity currents and submarine landslides pose to submarine telecommunications cable infrastructure?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Clare, Michael; Pope, Edward; Talling, Peter; Hunt, James; Carter, Lionel

2016-04-01

The global economy relies on uninterrupted usage of a network of telecommunication cables on the seafloor. These submarine cables carry ~99% of all trans-oceanic digital data and voice communications traffic worldwide, as they have far greater bandwidth than satellites. Over 9 million SWIFT banks transfers alone were made using these cables in 2004, totalling 7.4 trillion of transactions per day between 208 countries, which grew to 15 million SWIFT bank transactions last year. We outline the challenge of why, how often, and where seafloor cables are broken by natural causes; primarily subsea landslides and sediment flows (turbidity currents and also debris flows and hyperpycnal flows). These slides and flows can be very destructive. As an example, a sediment flow in 1929 travelled up to 19 m/s and broke 11 cables in the NE Atlantic, running out for ~800 km to the abyssal ocean. The 2006 Pingtung earthquake triggered a sediment flow that broke 22 cables offshore Taiwan over a distance of 450 km. Here, we present initial results from the first statistical analysis of a global database of cable breaks and causes. We first investigate the controls on frequency of submarine cable breaks in different environmental and geological settings worldwide. We assess which types of earthquake pose a significant threat to submarine cable networks. Meteorological events, such as hurricanes and typhoons, pose a significant threat to submarine cable networks, so we also discuss the potential impacts of future climate change on the frequency of such hazards. We then go on to ask what are the physical impacts of submarine sediment flows on submerged cables? A striking observation from past cable breaks is sometimes cables remain unbroken, whilst adjacent cables are severed (and record powerful flows travelling at up to 6 m/s). Why are some cables broken, but neighbouring cables remain intact? We provide some explanations for this question, and outline the need for future in-situ monitoring of flow-structure interaction. There is a pressing need to better understand the hazards that can disrupt submarine telecommunication networks as our reliance on them grows.

Drinking and driving and riding with an alcohol impaired driver among United States Air Force recruits.

PubMed

DeBon, Margaret; Vander Weg, Mark W; Sherrill-Mittleman, Deborah; Klesges, Robert C; Talcott, Gerald W

2011-04-01

To identify the prevalence and correlates of binge drinking, driving after drinking, and riding in a vehicle with a driver who had consumed alcohol in US Air Force active duty recruits. A military cohort (N = 31,108; 25.1% female) was analyzed to identify variables associated with binge drinking, drinking and driving, and riding with a driver who had consumed alcohol. Results indicated that 53 percent (including 45% of those under the legal drinking age) reported alcohol use in the month prior to entering basic military training (BMT). Thirty-eight percent of all active duty recruits reported binge drinking (ie, consuming 5 or more drinks on a single occasion) at least one time in the past 30 days. Nearly 1 in 4 (23%) reported 1 to 3 episodes of binge drinking. Three percent of reported alcohol users drove after consuming five or more drinks, and 9 percent rode as a passenger in a vehicle with a driver who had been drinking heavily. Several demographic, behavioral, and attitudinal correlates of risky drinking patterns were identified. Prevention efforts are needed to address the implications of these findings because they influence the health, safety, and military readiness of active duty personnel.

Consumer fears and familiarity of processed food. The value of information provided by the FTNS.

PubMed

Verneau, Fabio; Caracciolo, Francesco; Coppola, Adele; Lombardi, Pasquale

2014-02-01

Food choice and consumption behaviour are influenced by many interacting factors. In this paper we present an empirical effort to enhance understanding of the neophobia-neophilia forces affecting food choice. Starting from the analysis of consumer preferences for some of the most familiar highly processed foods, namely fat-reduced, functional (enriched drinks and yogurt) and ready-to-eat frozen food, our study investigates the role of traditional demographic variables vs attitudes to new food technologies in predicting the consumption behaviour of a sample of Italians buying such products. Consumer attitudes toward food technologies were collected by means of the Food Technology Neophobia Scale (FTNS). Moreover, this paper explicitly analyses the value of the information provided by the FTNS. Underlying the research is the hypothesis that the FTNS may contribute to provide a comprehensive picture of the driving forces behind consumers' behavioural responses towards processed foods which are the end-result of mature technologies. The four FTNS components, once measured and used independently, help clarify the influence on food choices of each neophobia-neophilia force (risk perception and novelty seeking, media influence, own health and environmental concerns) into a single, comprehensive framework. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of ready-to-eat street-vended pork meat dishes in Antananarivo, Madagascar: a risk for the consumers?

PubMed

Cardinale, Eric; Abat, Cédric; Bénédicte, Contamin; Vincent, Porphyre; Michel, Rakotoharinome; Muriel, Maeder

2015-03-01

Street-food vending has been increasing in many developing countries and particularly in Madagascar since 2000. Gastroenteric diseases cause 37% of all deaths each year, and 50% of children <5 years are infected with intestinal pathogens. However, there has been little information regarding the incidence of street-food-related diseases, or foodborne pathogens in pork, which is the most commonly eaten meat, along with chicken. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the safety of traditional ready-to-eat street-vended pork dishes and to assess the association of restaurant characteristics and cooking practices with Salmonella and Campylobacter contamination of these meals. Sixty street-restaurants were studied from March 2012 to August 2012 in Antananarivo. A questionnaire was submitted to the managers, and samples of ready-to-eat pork dishes were bought. Salmonella spp. were isolated in 10% of the 60 street-restaurants studied and in 5% samples of pork dishes. The most prevalent serovars isolated were Salmonella Typhimurium (44%) and Senftenberg (33%). Campylobacter was not detected. Only 4 of the 43 variables tested in the screening analysis were significantly associated with Salmonella spp. contamination of the street-restaurants. The risk for a restaurant to be Salmonella positive decreased when there were specific premises for the restaurant and when the staff was wearing specific clothes when working. Conversely, that risk increased when the temperature of ready-to-eat pork was <52 °C and when tablecloths were used in the restaurant.

Microbiological examination of ready-to-eat foods and ready-to-bake frozen pastries from university canteens.

PubMed

Kotzekidou, Parthena

2013-06-01

During a 10-year inspection survey (2001-2010), a microbiological study of ready-to-eat (RTE) foods and ready-to-bake frozen pastries from 15 canteens of the university campus was undertaken to determine their microbiological quality. The cumulative study revealed that the aerobic colony counts for the RTE product groups were as follows: from 10(6) to 10(8) CFU/g for 50% of sandwiches; under the detection limit (<10 CFU/g) for 88.6% of oven baked pastries; <10(5) CFU/g for 86.5% of desserts oven baked; from 10(3) to 10(9) CFU/g for desserts with dairy cream. The highest mean Enterobacteriaceae counts were recorded for desserts with dairy cream. The highest percentages of foodborne pathogens were: 20% Listeria monocytogenes and 12.5% Staphylococcus aureus in desserts with dairy cream; 17.5% Salmonella spp. and 8.5% presumptive Escherichia coli O157 in sandwiches; 14.6% Bacillus cereus in oven baked pastries. Aerobic colony counts were in the range 10(7)-10(8) CFU/g for 48.8% of frozen pastries; whereas Enterobacteriaceae counts between 10(3) and 10(4) CFU/g were detected in 35.3%. Foodborne pathogens prevalences for frozen pastries were as follows: B. cereus, 31.8%; Salmonella spp., 28.6%; presumptive E. coli O157, 25%; S. aureus, 8.7%; L. monocytogenes, 8.7%. Improved sanitary conditions in the processing plants and precautionary measures are necessary for consumer protection. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

The impact of conventional dietary intake data coding methods on foods typically consumed by low-income African-American and White urban populations

PubMed Central

Mason, Marc A; Kuczmarski, Marie Fanelli; Allegro, Deanne; Zonderman, Alan B; Evans, Michele K

2016-01-01

Objective Analysing dietary data to capture how individuals typically consume foods is dependent on the coding variables used. Individual foods consumed simultaneously, like coffee with milk, are given codes to identify these combinations. Our literature review revealed a lack of discussion about using combination codes in analysis. The present study identified foods consumed at mealtimes and by race when combination codes were or were not utilized. Design Duplicate analysis methods were performed on separate data sets. The original data set consisted of all foods reported; each food was coded as if it was consumed individually. The revised data set was derived from the original data set by first isolating coded foods consumed as individual items from those foods consumed simultaneously and assigning a code to designate a combination. Foods assigned a combination code, like pancakes with syrup, were aggregated and associated with a food group, defined by the major food component (i.e. pancakes), and then appended to the isolated coded foods. Setting Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. Subjects African-American and White adults with two dietary recalls (n 2177). Results Differences existed in lists of foods most frequently consumed by mealtime and race when comparing results based on original and revised data sets. African Americans reported consumption of sausage/luncheon meat and poultry, while ready-to-eat cereals and cakes/doughnuts/pastries were reported by Whites on recalls. Conclusions Use of combination codes provided more accurate representation of how foods were consumed by populations. This information is beneficial when creating interventions and exploring diet–health relationships. PMID:25435191

Development and acceptability testing of ready-to-use supplementary food made from locally available food ingredients in Bangladesh.

PubMed

Ahmed, Tahmeed; Choudhury, Nuzhat; Hossain, M Iqbal; Tangsuphoom, Nattapol; Islam, M Munirul; de Pee, Saskia; Steiger, Georg; Fuli, Rachel; Sarker, Shafiqul A M; Parveen, Monira; West, Keith P; Christian, Parul

2014-06-27

Inadequate energy and micronutrient intake during childhood is a major public health problem in developing countries. Ready-to-use supplementary food (RUSF) made of locally available food ingredients can improve micronutrient status and growth of children. The objective of this study was to develop RUSF using locally available food ingredients and test their acceptability. A checklist was prepared of food ingredients available and commonly consumed in Bangladesh that have the potential of being used for preparing RUSF. Linear programming was used to determine possible combinations of ingredients and micronutrient premix. To test the acceptability of the RUSF compared to Pushti packet (a cereal based food-supplement) in terms of amount taken by children, a clinical trial was conducted among 90 children aged 6-18 months in a slum of Dhaka city. The mothers were also asked to rate the color, flavor, mouth-feel, and overall liking of the RUSF by using a 7-point Hedonic Scale (1 = dislike extremely, 7 = like extremely). Two RUSFs were developed, one based on rice-lentil and the other on chickpea. The total energy obtained from 50 g of rice-lentil, chickpea-based RUSF and Pushti packet were 264, 267 and 188 kcal respectively. Children were offered 50 g of RUSF and they consumed (mean ± SD) 23.8 ± 14 g rice-lentil RUSF, 28.4 ± 15 g chickpea based RUSF. Pushti packet was also offered 50 g but mothers were allowed to add water, and children consumed 17.1 ± 14 g. Mean feeding time for two RUSFs and Pushti packet was 20.9 minutes. Although the two RUSFs did not differ in the amount consumed, there was a significant difference in consumption between chickpea-based RUSF and Pushti packet (p = 0.012). Using the Hedonic Scale the two RUSFs were more liked by mothers compared to Pushti packet. Recipes of RUSF were developed using locally available food ingredients. The study results suggest that rice-lentil and chickpea-based RUSF are well accepted by children. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01553877. Registered 24 January 2012.

Determining Remaining Useful Life of Aging Cables in Nuclear Power Plants – Interim Study FY13

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Simmons, Kevin L.; Fifield, Leonard S.; Westman, Matthew P.

2013-09-27

The most important criterion for cable performance is its ability to withstand a design-basis accident. With nearly 1000 km of power, control, instrumentation, and other cables typically found in an NPP, it would be a significant undertaking to inspect all of the cables. Degradation of the cable jacket, electrical insulation, and other cable components is a key issue that is likely to affect the ability of the currently installed cables to operate safely and reliably for another 20 to 40 years beyond the initial operating life. The development of one or more nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques and supporting models thatmore » could assist in determining the remaining life expectancy of cables or their current degradation state would be of significant interest. The ability to nondestructively determine material and electrical properties of cable jackets and insulation without disturbing the cables or connections has been deemed essential. Currently, the only technique accepted by industry to measure cable elasticity (the gold standard for determining cable insulation degradation) is the indentation measurement. All other NDE techniques are used to find flaws in the cable and do not provide information to determine the current health or life expectancy. There is no single NDE technique that can satisfy all of the requirements needed for making a life-expectancy determination, but a wide range of methods have been evaluated for use in NPPs as part of a continuous evaluation program. The commonly used methods are indentation and visual inspection, but these are only suitable for easily accessible cables. Several NDE methodologies using electrical techniques are in use today for flaw detection but there are none that can predict the life of a cable. There are, however, several physical and chemical ptoperty changes in cable insulation as a result of thermal and radiation damage. In principle, these properties may be targets for advanced NDE methods to provide early warning of aging and degradation. Examples of such key indicators include changes in chemical structure, mechanical modulus, and dielectric permittivity. While some of these indicators are the basis of currently used technologies, there is a need to increase the volume of cable that may be inspected with a single measurement, and if possible, to develop techniques for in-situ inspection (i.e., while the cable is in operation). This is the focus of the present report.« less

Effects of submarine power transmission cables on a glass sponge reef and associated megafaunal community.

PubMed

Dunham, A; Pegg, J R; Carolsfeld, W; Davies, S; Murfitt, I; Boutillier, J

2015-06-01

We examined the effects of submarine power transmission cable installation and operation on glass sponge reef condition and associated megafauna. Video and still imagery were collected using a Remotely Operated Vehicle twice a year for 4 years following cable installation. The effects of cables on glass sponges were assessed by comparing sponge cover along fixed transects and at marked index sites. Megafauna counts along transects were used to explore the effects on associated community. We found no evidence of cable movement across the sponge reef surface. Live sponge cover was found to be consistently lower along cable transects and at cable index sites compared to controls. Live sponge cover was the lowest (55 ± 1.1% decrease) at cable index sites 1.5 years after installation and recovered to 85 ± 30.6% of the original size over the following 2 years. Our data suggest 100% glass sponge mortality along the direct cable footprint and 15% mortality in the surrounding 1.5 m corridor 3.5 years after cable installation. Growth rate of a new glass sponge was 1 and 3 cm/year in first and second year, respectively, and appeared to be seasonal. We observed a diverse megafaunal community with representatives from 7 phyla and 14 classes. Total megafauna, spot prawn, and other Arthropoda abundances were slightly lower along cable transects although the effect of cable presence was not statistically significant. The following measures could be taken to reduce the amount of damage to glass sponge reefs and associated fauna: routing the cable around reefs, whenever possible, minimizing cable movement across the surface of the reef at installation and routine operation, and assessing potential damage to glass sponges prior to decommissioning. Crown Copyright © 2015. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Proceedings of the International Wire and Cable Symposium Held in St. Louis, Missouri on 15-18 November 1993

DTIC Science & Technology

1993-11-18

CABEL Industria Bellcore, Morristown, NJ; and I. M. Plitz, Bellcore, Venezolana de Cables Electricos C.A., Valencia, Red Bank, NJ...COMPOSITE CABLE Salvador camps, Carlos Osorio, Richard Vasquez and J. A. Olszewski CABEL Industria Venezolana de Cables Electricos C.A. Valencia...durability. As a result. the automatic control puller can consistently pull a cable, whether the cable is wet or not. 3.2 Crawler Auto -adjusting mechanism

Simulation of the cabling process for Rutherford cables: An advanced finite element model

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Cabanes, J.; Garlasche, M.; Bordini, B.; Dallocchio, A.

2016-12-01

In all existing large particle accelerators (Tevatron, HERA, RHIC, LHC) the main superconducting magnets are based on Rutherford cables, which are characterized by having: strands fully transposed with respect to the magnetic field, a significant compaction that assures a large engineering critical current density and a geometry that allows efficient winding of the coils. The Nb3Sn magnets developed in the framework of the HL-LHC project for improving the luminosity of the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) are also based on Rutherford cables. Due to the characteristics of Nb3Sn wires, the cabling process has become a crucial step in the magnet manufacturing. During cabling the wires experience large plastic deformations that strongly modify the geometrical dimensions of the sub-elements constituting the superconducting strand. These deformations are particularly severe on the cable edges and can result in a significant reduction of the cable critical current as well as of the Residual Resistivity Ratio (RRR) of the stabilizing copper. In order to understand the main parameters that rule the cabling process and their impact on the cable performance, CERN has developed a 3D Finite Element (FE) model based on the LS-Dyna® software that simulates the whole cabling process. In the paper the model is presented together with a comparison between experimental and numerical results for a copper cable produced at CERN.

Does EMF Emitted from In Situ Subsea Power Cables Affect the Composition of Deep Benthic Fish and Invertebrate Communities?

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bull, A. S.; Nishimoto, M.; Love, M.; Schroeder, D. M.

2016-02-01

A network of power cables is an important component of any offshore renewable energy generation facilities (e.g., wind and wave). The cables laid on the seafloor carry current that produces both electric and magnetic fields; the magnetic field, here called an electromagnetic field (EMF), is what is emitted from shielded cables. The cables, themselves, add hard, low-relief structure to what is typically soft-bottom habitat (mud or sand). Given that laboratory experiments show EMF can affect the behavior of some marine vertebrates and invertebrates, concern is raised over the potential ecological impacts of in situ power cables. Here we report an unusual comparative study of the effect of EMF emitted from in situ power cables on the fish and invertebrate communities of the deep coastal shelf environment. In the Santa Barbara Channel of southern California, subsea power cables, similar to those used in the offshore renewable energy industry, transmit electricity from shore to offshore oil and gas production platforms. A non-energized cable in the vicinity of energized cables afforded us the unusual opportunity to control for the effect of cable as hard, low relief habitat. We conducted three annual submersible surveys in October, 2012- 2014, at depths from 75 m to 210 m. We present results comparing observations along the energized and nonenergized cables and on the adjacent natural substrate.

30 CFR 75.810 - High-voltage trailing cables; splices.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false High-voltage trailing cables; splices. 75.810... § 75.810 High-voltage trailing cables; splices. [Statutory Provisions] In the case of high-voltage cables used as trailing cables, temporary splices shall not be used and all permanent splices shall be...

30 CFR 75.828 - Trailing cable pulling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Trailing cable pulling. 75.828 Section 75.828... Longwalls § 75.828 Trailing cable pulling. The trailing cable must be de-energized prior to being pulled by... procedures must be followed when pulling the trailing cable with equipment other than the continuous mining...

46 CFR 111.60-2 - Specialty cable for communication and RF applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-2 Specialty cable for communication and RF applications. Specialty cable such as certain coaxial cable that cannot pass the... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Specialty cable for communication and RF applications...

46 CFR 111.60-2 - Specialty cable for communication and RF applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-2 Specialty cable for communication and RF applications. Specialty cable such as certain coaxial cable that cannot pass the... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Specialty cable for communication and RF applications...

46 CFR 111.60-2 - Specialty cable for communication and RF applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-2 Specialty cable for communication and RF applications. Specialty cable such as certain coaxial cable that cannot pass the... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Specialty cable for communication and RF applications...

46 CFR 111.60-2 - Specialty cable for communication and RF applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-2 Specialty cable for communication and RF applications. Specialty cable such as certain coaxial cable that cannot pass the... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Specialty cable for communication and RF applications...

46 CFR 111.60-2 - Specialty cable for communication and RF applications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... ENGINEERING ELECTRIC SYSTEMS-GENERAL REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-2 Specialty cable for communication and RF applications. Specialty cable such as certain coaxial cable that cannot pass the... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Specialty cable for communication and RF applications...

77 FR 12081 - Comscope, Inc., Catawba Facility, A Subsidiary of the Carlyle Group Including On-Site Leased...

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-28

... in activities related to the production of coaxial cable and coax products for the cable television... coaxial cable and coax products for the cable television industry. Based on these findings, the Department... On- Site Workers from Cable Transport, Inc. Catawba, NC; Amended Certification Regarding Eligibility...

47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...

47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...

47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...

47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...

47 CFR 32.2424 - Submarine & deep sea cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 47 Telecommunication 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Submarine & deep sea cable. 32.2424 Section 32... Submarine & deep sea cable. (a) This account shall include the original cost of submarine cable and deep sea... defined below, are to be maintained for nonmetallic submarine and deep sea cable and metallic submarine...

Possibilities and Limitations of Cable TV for Adult Education.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Niemi, John A.

The paper investigates various organizational models of cable TV ownership and control, legislation in Canada and the United States regarding cable systems, and the potential of cable as an information network for adult education. With a view to giving everyone access to the cable medium and an opportunity to participate, advantages and…

Regulations; Office of Cable Television, State of New Jersey.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

New Jersey State Dept. of Public Utilities, Trenton. Office of Cable Television.

Regulations promulgated in accordance with the authority provided the Office of Cable Television, Board of Public Utility Commissioners, State of New Jersey, to regulate cable television in the public interest are set forth. These apply to cable television (CATV) companies which own, control, operate, or manage cable television systems and to…

30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...

30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...

30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...

30 CFR 57.12088 - Splicing trailing cables.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... cable reel or other power feed cable payout-retrieval system. However, a temporary splice may be made to... 30 Mineral Resources 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Splicing trailing cables. 57.12088 Section 57... Underground Only § 57.12088 Splicing trailing cables. No splice, except a vulcanized splice or its equivalent...

Electrifying Development

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1998-01-01

With technical assistance from Marshall Space Flight Center and Kennedy Space Center, Protective Cable and Wire developed Lightning Retardant Cable (LRC). LRC improves lightning protection over standard coaxial cable by 100 percent. The LRC design keeps lightning from traveling through the cable, preventing damage to satellites, antennas, and cable systems. LRC is now being used in homes as well as airports.

77 FR 43216 - Denial of Motor Vehicle Defect Petition and Petition for a Hearing

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-07-24

... Tribute vehicles with certain cruise control cables. The Center for Auto Safety has also petitioned for a... cruise) control cable can result if the accelerator cable is not properly removed. Mazda, however, did... cruise) control cables may have been damaged during the accelerator cable replacements conducted in...

46 CFR 111.60-5 - Cable installation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... REQUIREMENTS Wiring Materials and Methods § 111.60-5 Cable installation. (a) Each cable installation must meet... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cable installation. 111.60-5 Section 111.60-5 Shipping... incorporated by reference; see 46 CFR 110.10-1), including clause 8. (b) Each cable installation made in...

Shape adjustment optimization and experiment of cable-membrane reflectors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Du, Jingli; Gu, Yongzhen; Bao, Hong; Wang, Congsi; Chen, Xiaofeng

2018-05-01

Cable-membrane structures are widely employed for large space reflectors due to their lightweight, compact and easy package. In these structures, membranes are attached to cable net, serving as reflectors themselves or as supporting structures for other reflective surface. The cable length and membrane shape have to be carefully designed and fabricated to guarantee the desired reflector surface shape. However, due to inevitable error in cable length and membrane shape during the manufacture and assembly of cable-membrane reflectors, some cables have to be designed to be capable of length adjustment. By carefully adjusting the length of these cables, the degeneration in reflector shape precision due to this inevitable error can be effectively reduced. In the paper a shape adjustment algorithm for cable-membrane reflectors is proposed. Meanwhile, model updating is employed during shape adjustment to decrease the discrepancy of the numerical model with respect to the actual reflector. This discrepancy has to be considered because during attaching membranes to cable net, the accuracy of the membrane shape is hard to guarantee. Numerical examples and experimental results demonstrate the proposed method.

Workers in the VAB test SRB cables on STS-98 solid rocket boosters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- NASA and United Space Alliance SRB technicians hook up solid rocket booster cables to a Cirris Signature Touch 1 cable tester. From left are Loren Atkinson and Steve Swichkow, with NASA, and Jeff Suter, with USA. The SRB is part of Space Shuttle Atlantis, rolled back from Launch Pad 39A in order to conduct tests on the cables. A prior extensive evaluation of NASA'''s SRB cable inventory on the shelf revealed conductor damage in four (of about 200) cables. Shuttle managers decided to prove the integrity of the system tunnel cables already on Atlantis before launching. Workers are conducting inspections, making continuity checks and conducting X-ray analysis on the cables. The launch has been rescheduled no earlier than Feb. 6.

Workers in the VAB test SRB cables on STS-98 solid rocket boosters

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2001-01-01

KENNEDY SPACE CENTER, Fla. -- In the Vehicle Assembly Building, United Space Alliance SRB technician Frank Meyer pulls cables out of the solid rocket booster system tunnel. Cable end covers are in a box near his feet. The SRB is part of Space Shuttle Atlantis, rolled back from Launch Pad 39A in order to conduct tests on the cables. A prior extensive evaluation of NASA'''s SRB cable inventory on the shelf revealed conductor damage in four (of about 200) cables. Shuttle managers decided to prove the integrity of the system tunnel cables already on Atlantis before launching. Workers are conducting inspections, making continuity checks and conducting X-ray analysis on the cables. The launch has been rescheduled no earlier than Feb. 6.

Method Of Making A Vacuum-Tight Continuous Cable Feedthrough Device

DOEpatents

Bazizi, Kamel Abdel; Haelen, Thomas Eugene; Lobkowicz, Frederick; Slattery, Paul Francis

2001-07-17

A vacuum-tight cable feedthrough device includes a metallic first flange that is penetrated by a slot. Passing through the slot is a flat stripline cable that includes a plurality of conductive signal channels encompassed by a dielectric material on whose upper and lower surfaces is disposed a conductive material includes a ground. The stripline cable is sealed within the slot to provide a substantially vacuum-tight seal between the cable and the first flange. In a preferred embodiment, the cable feedthrough device includes a plurality, at least 16, of stripline cables. In a further preferred embodiment, the device includes a second flange and a bellows sealably connecting the first and second flanges, thereby providing a substantially vacuum-tight, flexible housing for the plurality of cables.

Automatic detection of ECG cable interchange by analyzing both morphology and interlead relations.

PubMed

Han, Chengzong; Gregg, Richard E; Feild, Dirk Q; Babaeizadeh, Saeed

2014-01-01

ECG cable interchange can generate erroneous diagnoses. For algorithms detecting ECG cable interchange, high specificity is required to maintain a low total false positive rate because the prevalence of interchange is low. In this study, we propose and evaluate an improved algorithm for automatic detection and classification of ECG cable interchange. The algorithm was developed by using both ECG morphology information and redundancy information. ECG morphology features included QRS-T and P-wave amplitude, frontal axis and clockwise vector loop rotation. The redundancy features were derived based on the EASI™ lead system transformation. The classification was implemented using linear support vector machine. The development database came from multiple sources including both normal subjects and cardiac patients. An independent database was used to test the algorithm performance. Common cable interchanges were simulated by swapping either limb cables or precordial cables. For the whole validation database, the overall sensitivity and specificity for detecting precordial cable interchange were 56.5% and 99.9%, and the sensitivity and specificity for detecting limb cable interchange (excluding left arm-left leg interchange) were 93.8% and 99.9%. Defining precordial cable interchange or limb cable interchange as a single positive event, the total false positive rate was 0.7%. When the algorithm was designed for higher sensitivity, the sensitivity for detecting precordial cable interchange increased to 74.6% and the total false positive rate increased to 2.7%, while the sensitivity for detecting limb cable interchange was maintained at 93.8%. The low total false positive rate was maintained at 0.6% for the more abnormal subset of the validation database including only hypertrophy and infarction patients. The proposed algorithm can detect and classify ECG cable interchanges with high specificity and low total false positive rate, at the cost of decreased sensitivity for certain precordial cable interchanges. The algorithm could also be configured for higher sensitivity for different applications where a lower specificity can be tolerated. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

30 CFR 77.505 - Cable fittings; suitability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Electrical Equipment-General § 77.505 Cable fittings; suitability. Cables shall enter metal frames of motors... cables, pass through metal frames, the holes shall be substantially bushed with insulated bushings. ...

47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

...) Nonmetallic cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and... between buildings on one customer's same premises. Intrabuilding network cables are used to distribute...

47 CFR 32.2426 - Intrabuilding network cable.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

...) Nonmetallic cable. This subsidiary record category shall include the original cost of optical fiber cable and... between buildings on one customer's same premises. Intrabuilding network cables are used to distribute...