7 CFR 900.118 - Costs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 8 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Costs. 900.118 Section 900.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (Marketing Agreements and... Meetings To Arbitrate and Mediate Disputes Relating to Sales of Milk or Its Products § 900.118 Costs. The...

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

31 CFR 11.8 - Reports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 31 Money and Finance: Treasury 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Reports. 11.8 Section 11.8 Money and... FEDERAL PROPERTY UNDER THE CONTROL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY § 11.8 Reports. This section... each fiscal year, each property managing bureau shall submit a report to the Director, Office of...

Cadmium Transporters in the Kidney and Cadmium-Induced Nephrotoxicity

PubMed Central

Yang, Hong; Shu, Yan

2015-01-01

Among the organs in which the environmental pollutant cadmium causes toxicity, the kidney has gained the most attention in recent years. Numerous studies have sought to unravel the exact pathways by which cadmium enters the renal epithelial cells and the mechanisms by which it causes toxicity in the kidney. The purpose of this review is to present the progress made on the mechanisms of cadmium transport in the kidney and the role of transporter proteins in cadmium-induced nephrotoxicity. PMID:25584611

Distribution of cadmium in the pearl oyster following exposure to cadmium in seawater

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Francesconi, K.A.

1989-08-01

Laboratory studies on the uptake of cadmium from seawater have shown that bivalve molluscs readily accumulated cadmium from this medium and that the relative concentrations of cadmium between viscera and muscle were always the same as those found in natural populations. These results suggested that in the natural environment seawater was a major source of cadmium for bivalve molluscs. Results of a recent study have indicated that seawater is not always the major contributor of cadmium to bivalve molluscs. These authors reported high levels of cadmium in the pearl oyster Pinctada albina albina, collected from Shark Bay in Western Australia,more » and noted that there was no correlation between cadmium concentrations in the oysters and cadmium concentrations in the surrounding seawater. Australia is one of several countries which have a maximum permissible level of cadmium in molluscs. The possibility that the pearl oyster, and perhaps other molluscs as well, may accumulate cadmium preferentially in different tissues depending upon the source of cadmium has important implications in the area of contaminants in marine foodstuffs. The present study reports the uptake and distribution of cadmium within P. albina albina when subjected to cadmium in seawater alone.« less

48 CFR 18.118 - Trade agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Trade agreements. 18.118 Section 18.118 Federal Acquisition Regulations System FEDERAL ACQUISITION REGULATION CONTRACTING METHODS AND CONTRACT TYPES EMERGENCY ACQUISITIONS Available Acquisition Flexibilities 18.118 Trade agreements...

STS118-S-073

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-21

STS118-S-073 (21 Aug. 2007) --- NASA Administrator Michael Griffin (center in white shirt) and other NASA managers give thumbs up signals to the crew of the Space Shuttle Endeavour shortly after its touchdown August 21, 2007, at the Kennedy Space Center, Florida, concluding STS-118. Photo Credit: NASA/Bill Ingalls

Improvement of cadmium phytoremediation after soil inoculation with a cadmium-resistant Micrococcus sp.

PubMed

Sangthong, Chirawee; Setkit, Kunchaya; Prapagdee, Benjaphorn

2016-01-01

Cadmium-resistant Micrococcus sp. TISTR2221, a plant growth-promoting bacterium, has stimulatory effects on the root lengths of Zea mays L. seedlings under toxic cadmium conditions compared to uninoculated seedlings. The performance of Micrococcus sp. TISTR2221 on promoting growth and cadmium accumulation in Z. mays L. was investigated in a pot experiment. The results indicated that Micrococcus sp. TISTR2221significantly promoted the root length, shoot length, and dry biomass of Z. mays L. transplanted in both uncontaminated and cadmium-contaminated soils. Micrococcus sp. TISTR2221 significantly increased cadmium accumulation in the roots and shoots of Z. mays L. compared to uninoculated plants. At the beginning of the planting period, cadmium accumulated mainly in the shoots. With a prolonged duration of cultivation, cadmium content increased in the roots. As expected, little cadmium was found in maize grains. Soil cadmium was significantly reduced with time, and the highest percentage of cadmium removal was found in the bacterial-inoculated Z. mays L. after transplantation for 6 weeks. We conclude that Micrococcus sp. TISTR2221 is a potent bioaugmenting agent, facilitating cadmium phytoextraction in Z. mays L.

Characterization and recycling of cadmium from waste nickel-cadmium batteries.

PubMed

Huang, Kui; Li, Jia; Xu, Zhenming

2010-11-01

A severe threat was posed due to improper and inefficient recycling of waste batteries in China. The present work considered the fundamental aspects of the recycling of cadmium from waste nickel-cadmium batteries by means of vacuum metallurgy separation in scale-up. In the first stage of this work, the characterization of waste nickel-cadmium batteries was carried out. Five types of batteries from different brands and models were selected and their components were characterized in relation to their elemental chemical composition and main phase. In the second stage of this work, the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium by means of vacuum metallurgy separation were investigated and a L(16) (4(4)) orthogonal design was applied to optimize the parameters. With the thermodynamics theory and numerical analysis, it can be seen that the orthogonal design is an effective tool for investigating the parameters affecting the recycling of cadmium. The optimum operating parameters for the recycling of cadmium obtained by orthogonal design and verification test were 1073 K (temperature), 2.5h (heating time), 2 wt.% (the addition of carbon powder), and 30 mm (the loaded height), respectively, with recycling efficiency approaching 99.98%. The XRD and ICP-AES analyzed results show that the condensed product was characterized as metallic cadmium, and cadmium purity was 99.99% under the optimum condition. Copyright © 2010. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

7 CFR 1956.118 - Approval authority.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 14 2010-01-01 2009-01-01 true Approval authority. 1956.118 Section 1956.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) RURAL HOUSING SERVICE, RURAL BUSINESS...) PROGRAM REGULATIONS (CONTINUED) DEBT SETTLEMENT Debt Settlement-Community and Business Programs § 1956.118...

Cadmium Alternatives

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-08-01

Used non-hexavalent chromium passivates Trivalent chromium (TCP) Non-chromate post-treatment (NCP) NDCEE Salt Spray Testing Results Cadmium and...for Change Cadmium passivated with hexavalent chromium has been in use for many decades Cadmium is toxic, and is classified as a priority...Executive Orders 13514 & 13423 DoD initiatives – Young memo (April 2009) DFAR restricting use of hexavalent chromium Allows the use of hexavalent

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

49 CFR 176.118 - Electrical requirement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 49 Transportation 2 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Electrical requirement. 176.118 Section 176.118... Requirements for Class 1 (Explosive) Materials Stowage § 176.118 Electrical requirement. (a) Electrical... person. (b) Electrical equipment and cables in a cargo space in which Class 1 (explosive) materials are...

19 CFR 118.3 - Written agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Written agreement. 118.3 Section 118.3 Customs... CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS General Provisions § 118.3 Written agreement. The applicant tentatively selected to operate a CES must sign a written agreement with Customs before commencing operations. Failure...

19 CFR 118.3 - Written agreement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Written agreement. 118.3 Section 118.3 Customs... CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS General Provisions § 118.3 Written agreement. The applicant tentatively selected to operate a CES must sign a written agreement with CBP before commencing operations. Failure to...

Cadmium--a metallohormone?

PubMed

Byrne, Celia; Divekar, Shailaja D; Storchan, Geoffrey B; Parodi, Daniela A; Martin, Mary Beth

2009-08-01

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is often referred to as the metal of the 20th century. It is widely used in industry principally in galvanizing and electroplating, in batteries, in electrical conductors, in the manufacture of alloys, pigments, and plastics, and in the stabilization of phosphate fertilizers. As a byproduct of smelters, cadmium is a prevalent environmental contaminant. In the general population, exposure to cadmium occurs primarily through dietary sources, cigarette smoking, and, to a lesser degree, drinking water. Although the metal has no known physiological function, there is evidence to suggest that the cadmium is a potent metallohormone. This review summarizes the increasing evidence that cadmium mimics the function of steroid hormones, addresses our current understanding of the mechanism by which cadmium functions as a hormone, and discusses its potential role in development of the hormone dependent cancers.

7 CFR 1.18 - Fee schedule.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Fee schedule. 1.18 Section 1.18 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture ADMINISTRATIVE REGULATIONS Official Records § 1.18 Fee schedule. Pursuant to § 2.28 of this title, the Chief Financial Officer is delegated authority to promulgate regulations...

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY (CONTINUED) SMALL PASSENGER VESSELS CARRYING MORE THAN 150 PASSENGERS OR WITH OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300...

21 CFR 133.118 - Colby cheese.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Colby cheese. 133.118 Section 133.118 Food and... CONSUMPTION CHEESES AND RELATED CHEESE PRODUCTS Requirements for Specific Standardized Cheese and Related Products § 133.118 Colby cheese. (a) Colby cheese is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients...

Room temperature chemical bath deposition of cadmium selenide, cadmium sulfide and cadmium sulfoselenide thin films with novel nanostructures

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

VanderHyde, Cephas A.; Sartale, S. D.; Patil, Jayant M.; Ghoderao, Karuna P.; Sawant, Jitendra P.; Kale, Rohidas B.

2015-10-01

A simple, convenient and low cost chemical synthesis route has been used to deposit nanostructured cadmium sulfide, selenide and sulfoselenide thin films at room temperature. The films were deposited on glass substrates, using cadmium acetate as cadmium ion and sodium selenosulfate/thiourea as a selenium/sulfur ion sources. Aqueous ammonia was used as a complex reagent and also to adjust the pH of the final solution. The as-deposited films were uniform, well adherent to the glass substrate, specularly reflective and red/yellow in color depending on selenium and sulfur composition. The X-ray diffraction pattern of deposited cadmium selenide thin film revealed the nanocrystalline nature with cubic phase; cadmium sulfide revealed mixture of cubic along with hexagonal phase and cadmium sulfoselenide thin film were grown with purely hexagonal phase. The morphological observations revealed the growth and formation of interesting one, two and three-dimensional nanostructures. The band gap of thin films was calculated and the results are reported.

Cadmium - A metallohormone?

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Byrne, Celia; Divekar, Shailaja D.; Storchan, Geoffrey B.

2009-08-01

Cadmium is a heavy metal that is often referred to as the metal of the 20th century. It is widely used in industry principally in galvanizing and electroplating, in batteries, in electrical conductors, in the manufacture of alloys, pigments, and plastics, and in the stabilization of phosphate fertilizers. As a byproduct of smelters, cadmium is a prevalent environmental contaminant. In the general population, exposure to cadmium occurs primarily through dietary sources, cigarette smoking, and, to a lesser degree, drinking water. Although the metal has no known physiological function, there is evidence to suggest that the cadmium is a potent metallohormone.more » This review summarizes the increasing evidence that cadmium mimics the function of steroid hormones, addresses our current understanding of the mechanism by which cadmium functions as a hormone, and discusses its potential role in development of the hormone dependent cancers.« less

46 CFR 118.300 - Fire pumps.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire pumps. 118.300 Section 118.300 Shipping COAST GUARD... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Fire Main System § 118.300 Fire pumps. (a) A self priming, power driven fire pump must be installed on each vessel. (b) On a...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

33 CFR 118.130 - Fog signals.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Fog signals. 118.130 Section 118... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.130 Fog signals. On waterways where visibility is frequently reduced due... more fog signals to warn the navigator of the presence of the bridge. The fog signals must conform to...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Where required. 118.400 Section 118.400 Shipping COAST... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... unoccupied space with a gross volume of not more than 170 cubic meters (6,000 cubic feet); (2) A pre...

46 CFR 118.600 - Fire axe.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire axe. 118.600 Section 118.600 Shipping COAST GUARD... OVERNIGHT ACCOMMODATIONS FOR MORE THAN 49 PASSENGERS FIRE PROTECTION EQUIPMENT Additional Equipment § 118.600 Fire axe. A vessel of more than 19.8 meters (65 feet) in length must have at least one fire axe...

7 CFR 1280.118 - Promotion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... information and public relations with emphasis on new marketing strategies, to present a favorable image of U... 7 Agriculture 10 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Promotion. 1280.118 Section 1280.118 Agriculture Regulations of the Department of Agriculture (Continued) AGRICULTURAL MARKETING SERVICE (MARKETING AGREEMENTS...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

9 CFR 3.118 - Handling.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Handling. 3.118 Section 3.118 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE ANIMAL WELFARE STANDARDS Specifications for the Humane Handling, Care, Treatment, and Transportation of Marine...

Cadmium sulfide membranes

DOEpatents

Spanhel, Lubomir; Anderson, Marc A.

1992-07-07

A method is described for the creation of novel q-effect cadmium sulfide membranes. The membranes are made by first creating a dilute cadmium sulfide colloid in aqueous suspension and then removing the water and excess salts therefrom. The cadmium sulfide membrane thus produced is luminescent at room temperature and may have application in laser fabrication.

Cadmium sulfide membranes

DOEpatents

Spanhel, Lubomir; Anderson, Marc A.

1991-10-22

A method is described for the creation of novel q-effect cadmium sulfide membranes. The membranes are made by first creating a dilute cadmium sulfide colloid in aqueous suspension and then removing the water and excess salts therefrom. The cadmium sulfide membrane thus produced is luminescent at room temperature and may have application in laser fabrication.

40 CFR 51.118 - Stack height provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Stack height provisions. 51.118 Section 51.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) AIR PROGRAMS REQUIREMENTS FOR PREPARATION, ADOPTION, AND SUBMITTAL OF IMPLEMENTATION PLANS Control Strategy § 51.118 Stack...

Urinary Cadmium and Estimated Dietary Cadmium in the Women’s Health Initiative

PubMed Central

Quraishi, Sabah M.; Adams, Scott V.; Shafer, Martin; Meliker, Jaymie R.; Li, Wenjun; Luo, Juhua; Neuhouser, Marian L.; Newcomb, Polly A.

2016-01-01

Cadmium, a heavy metal dispersed in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural applications, has been implicated in several human diseases including renal disease, cancers, and compromised bone health. In the general population, the predominant sources of cadmium exposure are tobacco and diet. Urinary cadmium (uCd) reflects long-term exposure and has been frequently used to assess cadmium exposure in epidemiological studies; estimated dietary intake of cadmium (dCd) has also been used in several studies. The validity of dCd in comparison to uCd is unclear. This study aimed to compare dCd, estimated from food frequency questionnaires (FFQs), to uCd measured in spot urine samples from 1,002 participants of the Women’s Health Initiative. Using linear regression, we found that dCd was not statistically significantly associated with uCd (β=0.006, p-value=0.14). When stratified by smoking status, dCd was not significantly associated with uCd both in never smokers (β=0.006, p-value=0.09) and in ever smokers (β=0.003, p-value=0.0.67). Our results suggest that because of the lack of association between estimated dietary cadmium and measured urinary cadmium exposure, dietary estimation of cadmium exposure should be used with caution in epidemiologic studies. PMID:26015077

32 CFR 644.118 - Awards.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 4 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Awards. 644.118 Section 644.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY (CONTINUED) REAL PROPERTY REAL ESTATE HANDBOOK... satisfactory, e.g., the history of past awards at this project or in the same judicial district, the basis used...

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

14 CFR 1245.118 - Record of decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Record of decisions. 1245.118 Section 1245.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.118 Record of decisions. The findings of fact and...

14 CFR 1245.118 - Record of decisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Record of decisions. 1245.118 Section 1245.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PATENTS AND OTHER INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY RIGHTS Patent Waiver Regulations § 1245.118 Record of decisions. The findings of fact and...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371.118 Section 1371.118 Federal Acquisition Regulations System DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE DEPARTMENT SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause...

33 CFR 118.140 - Painting bridge piers.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Painting bridge piers. 118.140 Section 118.140 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.140 Painting bridge piers. The District Commander may require...

21 CFR 20.118 - Advisory committee records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Advisory committee records. 20.118 Section 20.118 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES GENERAL PUBLIC INFORMATION Availability of Specific Categories of Records § 20.118 Advisory committee records. All advisory...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

21 CFR 118.3 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Definitions. 118.3 Section 118.3 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN... interpretations of terms in section 201 of the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (the FFDCA) (21 U.S.C. 321...

Hydrogen sulfide modulates cadmium-induced physiological and biochemical responses to alleviate cadmium toxicity in rice

PubMed Central

Mostofa, Mohammad Golam; Rahman, Anisur; Ansary, Md. Mesbah Uddin; Watanabe, Ayaka; Fujita, Masayuki; Phan Tran, Lam-Son

2015-01-01

We investigated the physiological and biochemical mechanisms by which H2S mitigates the cadmium stress in rice. Results revealed that cadmium exposure resulted in growth inhibition and biomass reduction, which is correlated with the increased uptake of cadmium and depletion of the photosynthetic pigments, leaf water contents, essential minerals, water-soluble proteins, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants. Excessive cadmium also potentiated its toxicity by inducing oxidative stress, as evidenced by increased levels of superoxide, hydrogen peroxide, methylglyoxal and malondialdehyde. However, elevating endogenous H2S level improved physiological and biochemical attributes, which was clearly observed in the growth and phenotypes of H2S-treated rice plants under cadmium stress. H2S reduced cadmium-induced oxidative stress, particularly by enhancing redox status and the activities of reactive oxygen species and methylglyoxal detoxifying enzymes. Notably, H2S maintained cadmium and mineral homeostases in roots and leaves of cadmium-stressed plants. By contrast, adding H2S-scavenger hypotaurine abolished the beneficial effect of H2S, further strengthening the clear role of H2S in alleviating cadmium toxicity in rice. Collectively, our findings provide an insight into H2S-induced protective mechanisms of rice exposed to cadmium stress, thus proposing H2S as a potential candidate for managing toxicity of cadmium, and perhaps other heavy metals, in rice and other crops. PMID:26361343

Biosorption of lead, cadmium, and zinc by Citrobacter strain MCM B-181: Characterization studies

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Puranik, P.R.; Paknikar, K.M.

1999-03-01

The biosorption process for removal of lead, cadmium, and zinc by Citrobacter strain MCM B-181, a laboratory isolate, was characterized. Effects of environmental factors and growth conditions on metal uptake capacity were studied. Pretreatment of biomass with chemical agents increased cadmium sorption efficiency; however, there was no significant enhancement in lead and zinc sorption capacity. Metal sorption by Citrobacter strain MCM B-181 was found to be influenced by the pH of the solution, initial metal concentration, biomass concentration, and type of growth medium. The metal sorption process was not affected by the age of the culture or change in temperature.more » Equilibrium metal sorption was found to fit the Langmuir adsorption model. Kinetic studies showed that metal uptake by Citrobacter strain MCm B-181 was a fast process, requiring < 20 min to achieve > 90% adsorption efficiency. The presence of cations reduced lead, zinc, and cadmium sorption to the extent of 11.8%, 84.3%, and 33.4%, respectively. When biomass was exposed to multimetal solutions, metals were adsorbed in the order Co{sup 2+} < Ni{sup 2+} < Cd{sup 2+} < Cu{sup 2+}, Zn{sup 2+} < Pb{sup 2+}. A new mathematical model used for batch kinetic studies was found to be highly useful in prediction of experimentally obtained metal concentration profiles as a function of time.« less

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

32 CFR 724.118 - Documentary discharge review.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Documentary discharge review. 724.118 Section 724.118 National Defense Department of Defense (Continued) DEPARTMENT OF THE NAVY PERSONNEL NAVAL DISCHARGE REVIEW BOARD Definitions § 724.118 Documentary discharge review. A formal session of the NDRB convened for the purpose of reviewing, on the...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

29 CFR 825.116-825.118 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false [Reserved] 825.116-825.118 Section 825.116-825.118 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) WAGE AND HOUR DIVISION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR OTHER LAWS THE FAMILY AND MEDICAL LEAVE ACT OF 1993 Coverage Under the Family and Medical Leave Act §§ 825.116-825.118...

Urinary cadmium and estimated dietary cadmium in the Women's Health Initiative.

PubMed

Quraishi, Sabah M; Adams, Scott V; Shafer, Martin; Meliker, Jaymie R; Li, Wenjun; Luo, Juhua; Neuhouser, Marian L; Newcomb, Polly A

2016-01-01

Cadmium, a heavy metal dispersed in the environment as a result of industrial and agricultural applications, has been implicated in several human diseases including renal disease, cancers, and compromised bone health. In the general population, the predominant sources of cadmium exposure are tobacco and diet. Urinary cadmium (uCd) reflects long-term exposure and has been frequently used to assess cadmium exposure in epidemiological studies; estimated dietary intake of cadmium (dCd) has also been used in several studies. The validity of dCd in comparison with uCd is unclear. This study aimed to compare dCd, estimated from food frequency questionnaires, to uCd measured in spot urine samples from 1,002 participants of the Women's Health Initiative. Using linear regression, we found that dCd was not statistically significantly associated with uCd (β=0.006, P-value=0.14). When stratified by smoking status, dCd was not significantly associated with uCd both in never smokers (β=0.006, P-value=0.09) and in ever smokers (β=0.003, P-value=0.67). Our results suggest that because of the lack of association between estimated dCd and measured uCd, dietary estimation of cadmium exposure should be used with caution in epidemiologic studies.

Fertility and content of cadmium in pheasant (Phasianus colchicus) following cadmium intake in drinking water.

PubMed

Toman, R; Massányi, P; Lukác, N; Ducsay, L; Golian, J

2005-09-01

In this study, the effects of cadmium applied per os on fertility, live weight of newly hatched chicks, and cadmium concentrations in some organs of young and adult pheasants were investigated. The metal was applied at the concentration of 1.5 mg Cd(2+)/L during 3 months. After the egg laying, the numbers of eggs laid, cracked, and unfertilized were determined and the live weights of newly hatched chicks were measured. The cadmium concentrations in liver, kidney, and muscle (m. pectoralis) of young and adult pheasants were analyzed. We found that cadmium exposure of the adults did not affect the number of eggs laid but resulted in more eggs being damaged. Hatchlings were significantly heavier in the cadmium-treated group (21.36 +/- 2.28 g) compared to the control group (20.91 +/- 1.97 g) 4 weeks after the cadmium intake. Higher cadmium concentrations were observed in the muscle and kidney tissue of newly hatched pheasants after 4 weeks compared to the cadmium-exposed groups after 8 and 12 weeks. The cadmium concentrations in kidneys and liver increased significantly in adult pheasants. The metal had accumulated especially in kidneys of the adult pheasants and reached levels up to 9.64 mg/kg wet weight 3 months after the daily cadmium intake in drinking water. The concentration in liver of the adults was 3.53 mg/kg wet weight.

Bioaugmentation with cadmium-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria to assist cadmium phytoextraction by Helianthus annuus.

PubMed

Prapagdee, Benjaphorn; Chanprasert, Maesinee; Mongkolsuk, Skorn

2013-07-01

Micrococcus sp. MU1 and Klebsiella sp. BAM1, the cadmium-resistant plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR), produce high levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) during the late stationary phase of their growth. The ability of PGPR to promote root elongation, plant growth and cadmium uptake in sunflowers (Helianthus annuus) was evaluated. Both species of bacteria were able to remove cadmium ions from an aqueous solution and enhanced cadmium mobilization in contaminated soil. Micrococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. use aminocyclopropane carboxylic acid as a nitrogen source to support their growth, and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of cadmium for Micrococcus sp. and Klebsiella sp. were 1000 and 800mM, respectively. These bacteria promoted root elongation in H. annuus seedlings in both the absence and presence of cadmium compared to uninoculated seedlings. Inoculation with these bacteria was found to increase the root lengths of H. annuus that had been planted in cadmium-contaminated soil. An increase in dry weight was observed for H. annuus inoculated with Micrococcus sp. Moreover, Micrococcus sp. enhanced the accumulation of cadmium in the root and leaf of H. annuus compared to untreated plants. The highest cadmium accumulation in the whole plant was observed when the plants were treated with EDTA following the treatment with Micrococcus sp. In addition, the highest translocation of cadmium from root to the above-ground tissues of H. annuus was found after treatment with Klebsiella sp. in the fourth week after planting. Our results show that plant growth and cadmium accumulation in H. annuus was significantly enhanced by cadmium-resistant PGPRs, and these bacterial inoculants are excellent promoters of phytoextraction for the rehabilitation of heavy metal-polluted environments. Copyright © 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Mineral commodity profiles: Cadmium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Butterman, W.C.; Plachy, Jozef

2004-01-01

Overview -- Cadmium is a soft, low-melting-point metal that has many uses. It is similar in abundance to antimony and bismuth and is the 63d element in order of crustal abundance. Cadmium is associated in nature with zinc (and, less closely, with lead and copper) and is extracted mainly as a byproduct of the mining and processing of zinc. In 2000, it was refined in 27 countries, of which the 8 largest accounted for two-thirds of world production. The United States was the third largest refiner after Japan and China. World production in 2000 was 19,700 metric tons (t) and U.S. production was 1,890 t. In the United States, one company in Illinois and another in Tennessee refined primary cadmium. A Pennsylvania company recovered cadmium from scrap, mainly spent nickel-cadmium (NiCd) batteries. The supply of cadmium in the world and in the United States appears to be adequate to meet future industrial needs; the United States has about 23 percent of the world reserve base.

Cadmium effects on the thyroid gland.

PubMed

Jancic, Snezana A; Stosic, Bojan Z

2014-01-01

Cadmium has been listed as one of the 126 priority pollutants and a category I carcinogen. Carcinogenic effects of cadmium on the lungs, testicles, and prostate are widely recognized, but there has been insufficient research on the effect of cadmium on the thyroid gland. Cadmium has the affinity to accumulate not only in the liver, kidneys, and pancreas but also in the thyroid gland. It has been established that cadmium blood concentration correlates positively with its accumulation in the thyroid gland. Women of fertile age have higher cadmium blood and urine concentrations than men. In spite of its redox inertia, cadmium brings about oxidative stress and damage to the tissue by indirect mechanisms. Mitochondria are considered to be the main intracellular targets for cadmium. Colloid cystic goiter, adenomatoid follicular hyperplasia with low-grade dysplasia and thyroglobulin hypo- and asecretion, and parafollicular cell diffuse and nodular hyperplasia and hypertrophy are often found in chronic cadmium toxicity. © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Enhanced cadmium phytoremediation of Glycine max L. through bioaugmentation of cadmium-resistant bacteria assisted by biostimulation.

PubMed

Rojjanateeranaj, Pongsarun; Sangthong, Chirawee; Prapagdee, Benjaphorn

2017-10-01

This study examined the potential of three strains of cadmium-resistant bacteria, including Micrococcus sp., Pseudomonas sp. and Arthrobacter sp., to promote root elongation of Glycine max L. seedlings, soil cadmium solubility and cadmium phytoremediation in G. max L. planted in soil highly polluted with cadmium with and without nutrient biostimulation. Micrococcus sp. promoted root length in G. max L. seedlings under toxic cadmium conditions. Soil inoculation with Arthrobacter sp. increased the bioavailable fraction of soil cadmium, particularly in soil amended with a C:N ratio of 20:1. Pot culture experiments observed that the highest plant growth was in Micrococcus sp.-inoculated plants with nutrient biostimulation. Cadmium accumulation in the roots, stems and leaves of G. max L. was significantly enhanced by Arthrobacter sp. with nutrient biostimulation. A combined use of G. max L. and Arthrobacter sp. with nutrient biostimulation accelerated cadmium phytoremediation. In addition, cadmium was retained in roots more than in stems and leaves and G. max L. had the lowest translocation factor at all growth stages, suggesting that G. max L. is a phytostabilizing plant. We concluded that biostimulation-assisted bioaugmentation is an important strategy for improving cadmium phytoremediation efficiency. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Sunlight Promotes Fast Release of Hazardous Cadmium from Widely-Used Commercial Cadmium Pigment.

PubMed

Liu, Huiting; Gao, Han; Long, Mingce; Fu, Heyun; Alvarez, Pedro J J; Li, Qilin; Zheng, Shourong; Qu, Xiaolei; Zhu, Dongqiang

2017-06-20

Cadmium pigments are widely used in the polymer and ceramic industry. Their potential environmental risk is under debate, being the major barrier for appropriate regulation. We show that 83.0 ± 0.2% of hazardous cadmium ion (Cd 2+ ) was released from the commercial cadmium sulfoselenide pigment (i.e., cadmium red) in aqueous suspension within 24 h under simulated sunlit conditions. This photodissolution process also generated sub-20 nm pigment nanoparticles. Cd 2+ release is attributed to the reactions between photogenerated holes and the pigment lattices. The photodissolution process can be activated by both ultraviolet and visible light in the solar spectrum. Irradiation under alkaline conditions or in the presence of phosphate and carbonate species resulted in reduced charge carrier energy or the formation of insoluble and photostable cadmium precipitates on pigment surfaces, mitigating photodissolution. Tannic acid inhibited the photodissolution process by light screening and scavenging photogenerated holes. The fast release of Cd 2+ from the pigment was further confirmed in river water under natural sunlight, with 38.6 ± 0.1% of the cadmium released within 4 h. Overall, this study underscores the importance to account for photochemical effects to inform risk assessments and regulations of cadmium pigments which are currently based on their low solubility.

24 CFR 4001.118 - Equity sharing.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 5 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Equity sharing. 4001.118 Section 4001.118 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban Development (Continued) BOARD OF DIRECTORS OF THE HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM HOPE FOR HOMEOWNERS PROGRAM Eligibility...

Cadmium induces cadmium-tolerant gene expression in the filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum.

PubMed

Cacciola, Santa O; Puglisi, Ivana; Faedda, Roberto; Sanzaro, Vincenzo; Pane, Antonella; Lo Piero, Angela R; Evoli, Maria; Petrone, Goffredo

2015-11-01

The filamentous fungus Trichoderma harzianum, strain IMI 393899, was able to grow in the presence of the heavy metals cadmium and mercury. The main objective of this research was to study the molecular mechanisms underlying the tolerance of the fungus T. harzianum to cadmium. The suppression subtractive hybridization (SSH) method was used for the characterization of the genes of T. harzianum implicated in cadmium tolerance compared with those expressed in the response to the stress induced by mercury. Finally, the effects of cadmium exposure were also validated by measuring the expression levels of the putative genes coding for a glucose transporter, a plasma membrane ATPase, a Cd(2+)/Zn(2+) transporter protein and a two-component system sensor histidine kinase YcbA, by real-time-PCR. By using the aforementioned SSH strategy, it was possible to identify 108 differentially expressed genes of the strain IMI 393899 of T. harzianum grown in a mineral substrate with the addition of cadmium. The expressed sequence tags identified by SSH technique were encoding different genes that may be involved in different biological processes, including those associated to primary and secondary metabolism, intracellular transport, transcription factors, cell defence, signal transduction, DNA metabolism, cell growth and protein synthesis. Finally, the results show that in the mechanism of tolerance to cadmium a possible signal transduction pathway could activate a Cd(2+)/Zn(2+) transporter protein and/or a plasma membrane ATPase that could be involved in the compartmentalization of cadmium inside the cell.

Environmental cadmium in Europe.

PubMed

Jensen, A; Bro-Rasmussen, F

1992-01-01

The present article reviews information from the latest 10 years concerning fate and exposure of cadmium in the environment, on ecotoxicological effects, and on critical pathways leading to human and environmental exposure. It emphasizes the situation within the Community of European Countries by referring to limit values used in the EEC and some of its member states for emissions to water, air and soil. Estimates have been made on total emission balances for the Netherlands, Denmark, and for the EEC as a whole. The balances show that 70-90% of all cadmium circulating in the Community is disposed of as waste in solid waste deposits. Production and use patterns are presently changing, as indicated by reduced consumption in recent years of cadmium for plating, stabilizers and pigments in several countries as a result of regulations. However, significant increases in consumption for cadmium-containing batteries have occurred, resulting globally in increasing trends for the total consumption and production. Cadmium in sediments is more mobile than described earlier. Aquatic organisms can be classified in order of decreasing accumulation: algae greater than molluscs greater than crustaceans greater than fish. There is no evidence of biomagnification of cadmium within marine or fresh water food webs. Cadmium may enter into plants via roots or by foliar adsorption following atmospheric deposition. Biomagnification in terrestrial food chains is not observed. The uptake into plants is plant specific. Within plants significant variations are seen with concentrations generally decreasing in the order: roots greater than leaves greater than fruiting parts greater than seeds. A compilation of cadmium in air, in the aquatic environment and in soil is given. A downward trend during the 1970s to mid-1980s seems to be evidenced from various Northern European studies on cadmium air concentrations as well as for deposition rates of cadmium. In rivers, the dissolved cadmium

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

33 CFR 118.90 - Bridges crossing channel obliquely.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Bridges crossing channel obliquely. 118.90 Section 118.90 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.90 Bridges crossing channel obliquely. Bridges...

Effects of cadmium and mycorrhizal fungi on growth, fitness, and cadmium accumulation in flax (Linum usitatissimum; Linaceae).

PubMed

Hancock, Laura M S; Ernst, Charlotte L; Charneskie, Rebecca; Ruane, Lauren G

2012-09-01

Agricultural soils have become contaminated with a variety of heavy metals, including cadmium. The degree to which soil contaminants affect plants may depend on symbiotic relationships between plant roots and soil microorganisms. We examined (1) whether mycorrhizal fungi counteract the potentially negative effects of cadmium on the growth and fitness of flax (Linum usitatissimum) and (2) whether mycorrhizal fungi affect the accumulation of cadmium within plant parts. Two flax cultivars (Linott and Omega) were grown in three soil cadmium environments (0, 5, and 15 ppm). Within each cadmium environment, plants were grown in either the presence or absence of mycorrhizal fungi. Upon senescence, we measured growth and fitness and quantified the concentration of cadmium within plants. Soil cadmium significantly decreased plant fitness, but did not affect plant growth. Mycorrhizal fungi, which were able to colonize roots of plants growing in all cadmium levels, significantly increased plant growth and fitness. Although mycorrhizal fungi counteracted the negative effects of cadmium on fruit and seed production, they also enhanced the concentration of cadmium within roots, fruits, and seeds. The degree to which soil cadmium affects plant fitness and the accumulation of cadmium within plants depended on the ability of plants to form symbiotic relationships with mycorrhizal fungi. The use of mycorrhizal fungi in contaminated agricultural soils may offset the negative effects of metals on the quantity of seeds produced, but exacerbate the accumulation of these metals in our food supply.

7 CFR 15.118 - Cross-examination.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 7 Agriculture 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Cross-examination. 15.118 Section 15.118 Agriculture Office of the Secretary of Agriculture NONDISCRIMINATION Rules of Practice and Procedure for Hearings...-examination. Cross-examination will be limited to the scope of direct examination and matters at issue in the...

9 CFR 118.2 - Method of detention; Notifications.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Method of detention; Notifications. 118.2 Section 118.2 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT...; SEIZURE AND CONDEMNATION § 118.2 Method of detention; Notifications. An authorized representative of the...

Structure of sup 118 Sb nucleus

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gulyas, J.; Fenyes, T.; Fayez, M.

1992-10-01

{gamma}, {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence, internal conversion electron, and {gamma}-ray angular distribution spectra of the {sup 118}Sn({ital p},{ital n}{gamma}){sup 118}Sb reaction were measured at different bombarding proton energies between 5.5 and 7.5 MeV. {gamma}, {gamma}{gamma}-coincidence, and internal conversion electron spectra of the {sup 115}In ({alpha},{ital n}{gamma}){sup 118}Sb reaction were also measured at {ital E}{sub {alpha}}=14.5 MeV. Ge(HP), Ge(Li), Ge(LEPS) {gamma}-ray detectors, as well as a superconducting magnetic lens electron spectrometer (with Si(Li) detectors), were used in the experiments. About 210 (including {similar to}130 new) {gamma} rays have been assigned to {sup 118}Sb. The deduced {sup 118}Sb level scheme contains more than 70 newmore » levels. On the basis of the internal conversion coefficients, Hauser-Feshbach analysis of ({ital p},{ital n}) reaction cross sections, {gamma}-ray angular distributions, and other arguments spin and parity values have been determined. The parabolic rule'' prediction of the energy splitting of different proton-neutron multiplets enabled the identification of many proton-neutron multiplet states. The energy spectrum and electromagnetic properties have been calculated in the framework of the interacting boson-fermion-fermion--odd-odd truncated quadrupole phonon model, and reasonably good agreement has been obtained between experimental and theoretical results.« less

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

32 CFR 701.118 - Privacy, IT, and PIAs.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 5 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Privacy, IT, and PIAs. 701.118 Section 701.118... THE NAVY DOCUMENTS AFFECTING THE PUBLIC DON Privacy Program § 701.118 Privacy, IT, and PIAs. (a) Development. Privacy must be considered when requirements are being analyzed and decisions are being made...

27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

27 CFR 21.118 - Methyl n-butyl ketone.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Methyl n-butyl ketone. 21.118 Section 21.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU....118 Methyl n-butyl ketone. (a) Acidity (as acetic acid). 0.02 percent by weight, maximum. (b) Color...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65 Section 118.65 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70 Section 118.70 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each...

Adaptation to Cadmium by Klebsiella aerogenes Growing in Continuous Culture Proceeds Mainly via Formation of Cadmium Sulfide

PubMed Central

Aiking, Harry; Kok, Karin; van Heerikhuizen, Harm; van 't Riet, Jan

1982-01-01

The adaptation of Klebsiella aerogenes to high levels of cadmium was studied in continuous culture under conditions of glucose limitation. When up to 6 × 10−4 M cadmium was added to a culture in steady state, growth ceased instantaneously but resumed within 5 h (dilution rate, 0.1 h−1). When again in steady state, these adapted cells exhibited a far greater tolerance to cadmium than did unadapted cells (not previously exposed to cadmium) when tested on solid media containing different concentrations of cadmium. This relative insensitivity of adapted cells to cadmium was subsequently lost in continuous culture within 5 days after omitting cadmium from the influent medium. Thus, the phenomenon was an inducible physiological process. Adapted cells contained substantial amounts of cadmium (up to 2.4% of the bacterial dry weight). The cadmium content of the cells was dependent on growth conditions and was found to be proportional to the inorganic sulfide content of the cells in all cases. This suggested that formation of CdS is probably the most important mechanism of detoxification in this organism. The presence of large numbers of electron-dense granules on the cell surface (absent in cultures without added cadmium) provided additional support for this conclusion. Images PMID:16346119

The structure of {sup 117}Te and {sup 118}Te and collectivity in {sup 118}Te

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Duyar, C.; Draper, J.E.; Rubel, E.C.

1993-10-01

The reactions {sup 82}Se({sup 40}Ar,5n) and {sup 76}Ge({sup 48}Ca, 6 n) (beam energies 180MeV and 190MeV, respectively) were used to populate high spins states of {sup 117}Te and {sup 118}Te, respectively. {gamma} - {gamma} coincidences, E{sub gamma}, and coincidence I{sub gamma} have been measured. Angular correlation/distribution analysis has been made. {sup 117}Te has been extended to spin {approximately} 51/2. Our results do not support the two isolated bands found by Sharma et al. {sup 118}Te has been also extended to spin {approximately}22. A rotational band was found in {sup 118}Te with an average J {approximately}42h{sup 2}/MeV, corresponding to a {Beta}more » {approximately} 0.2.« less

Characterization of the genetic locus responsible for the production of ABP-118, a novel bacteriocin produced by the probiotic bacterium Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118.

PubMed

Flynn, Sarah; van Sinderen, Douwe; Thornton, Gerardine M; Holo, Helge; Nes, Ingolf F; Collins, J Kevin

2002-04-01

ABP-118, a small heat-stable bacteriocin produced by Lactobacillus salivarius subsp. salivarius UCC118, a strain isolated from the ileal-caecal region of the human gastrointestinal tract, was purified to homogeneity. Using reverse genetics, a DNA fragment specifying part of ABP-118 was identified on a 10769 bp chromosomal region. Analysis of this region revealed that ABP-118 was a Class IIb two-peptide bacteriocin composed of Abp118alpha, which exhibited the antimicrobial activity, and Abp118beta, which enhanced the antimicrobial activity. The gene conferring strain UCC118 immunity to the action of ABP-118, abpIM, was identified downstream of the abp118beta gene. Located further downstream of abp118beta, several ORFs were identified whose deduced proteins resembled those of proteins involved in bacteriocin regulation and secretion. Heterologous expression of ABP-118 was achieved in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactococcus lactis and Bacillus cereus. In addition, the abp118 locus encoded an inducing peptide, AbpIP, which was shown to play a role in the regulation of ABP-118 production. This novel bacteriocin is, to the authors' knowledge, the first to be isolated from a known human probiotic bacterium and to be characterized at the genetic level.

Cadmium plating replacements

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Nelson, Mary J.; Groshart, Earl C.

1995-01-01

The Boeing Company has been searching for replacements to cadmium plate. Two alloy plating systems seem close to meeting the needs of a cadmium replacement. The two alloys, zinc-nickel and tin-zinc are from alloy plating baths; both baths are neutral pH. The alloys meet the requirements for salt fog corrosion resistance, and both alloys excel as a paint base. Currently, tests are being performed on standard fasteners to compare zinc-nickel and tin-zinc on threaded hardware where cadmium is heavily used. The Hydrogen embrittlement propensity of the zinc-nickel bath has been tested, and just beginning for the tin-zinc bath. Another area of interest is the electrical properties on aluminum for tin-zinc and will be discussed. The zinc-nickel alloy plating bath is in production in Boeing Commercial Airplane Group for non-critical low strength steels. The outlook is promising that these two coatings will help The Boeing Company significantly reduce its dependence on cadmium plating.

Galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides alleviate cadmium stress in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Kučerová, Danica; Kollárová, Karin; Zelko, Ivan; Vatehová, Zuzana; Lišková, Desana

2014-04-15

Our study focused on the mediatory role of galactoglucomannan oligosaccharides (GGMOs) in plant protection against cadmium stress, examined mainly on the primary root growth of Arabidopsis thaliana. The application of GGMOs diminished the negative effect of cadmium on root length, root growth dynamics and also on photosynthetic pigment content. We tested the hypothesis that the effect of GGMOs is associated with decreased cadmium accumulation or its modified distribution. Cadmium distribution was observed chronologically from the first day of plant culture and depended on the duration of cadmium treatment. First, cadmium was stored in the root and hypocotyl and later transported by xylem to the leaves and stored there in trichomes. The protective effect of GGMOs was not based on modified cadmium distribution or its decreased accumulation. In cadmium and GGMOs+cadmium-treated plants, the formation of suberin lamellae was shifted closer to the root apex compared to the control and GGMOs. No significant changes between cadmium and GGMOs+cadmium variants in suberin lamellae development corresponded with any differences in cadmium uptake. GGMOs also stimulated Arabidopsis root growth under non-stress conditions. In this case, suberin lamellae were developed more distantly from the root apex in comparison with the control. Faster solute and water transport could explain the faster plant growth induced by GGMOs. Our results suggest that, in cadmium-stressed plants, GGMOs' protective action is associated with the response at the metabolic level. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier GmbH. All rights reserved.

HLA phenotypes and cadmium blood level.

PubMed

Gualde, N; Delage, C

1979-10-01

The distribution of HLA phenotypes was studied and the amount of cadmium blood level was determined in a group of 100 healthy subjects. The HLA-A3 phenotype seems associated with high cadmium levels in the blood. The lymphocytes transformation test with PHA and different concentrations of cadmium indicates that A3 cells are more sensitive than others to inhibition by cadmium.

Gypsum crystallization from cadmium-poisoned solutions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rinaudo, C.; Franchini-Angela, M.; Boistelle, R.

1988-06-01

Gypsum crystals, CaSO4⋯2H2O, are grown from solutions containing large amounts of cadmium chloride as an impurity. The initial supersaturations necessary for the gypsum nucleation increase with increasing cadmium concentration. Accordingly, at constant initial supersaturation, the induction periods also increase with increasing cadmium concentration. Cadmium and chlorine are incorporated into the crystals probably as CdCl+ or CdCl2, which are the most abundant complexes in the solutions. Consequently, the gypsum crystals grow curved, distorted and exhibit fractures along the [100] direction. The amount of incorporated cadmium increases with increasing supersaturation. Cadmium is mainly detected near the {120} faces in the area where the fractures release the internal stresses. Supersaturation and concentration of free ions and complexes are calculated for all solutions. Adsorption on {120} is discussed.

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2012-04-01 2010-04-01 true Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2011-04-01 2010-04-01 true Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

27 CFR 479.118 - Proof of exportation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 3 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Proof of exportation. 479.118 Section 479.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products, and Firearms BUREAU OF ALCOHOL, TOBACCO, FIREARMS, AND EXPLOSIVES, DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE FIREARMS AND AMMUNITION MACHINE GUNS, DESTRUCTIVE DEVICES, AND CERTAIN...

9 CFR 118.4 - Seizure and condemnation.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 9 Animals and Animal Products 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Seizure and condemnation. 118.4 Section 118.4 Animals and Animal Products ANIMAL AND PLANT HEALTH INSPECTION SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE VIRUSES, SERUMS, TOXINS, AND ANALOGOUS PRODUCTS; ORGANISMS AND VECTORS DETENTION; SEIZURE AND...

37 CFR 1.118-1.119 - [Reserved

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false [Reserved] 1.118-1.119 Section 1.118-1.119 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES National Processing Provisions Amendments...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2013-01-01 2013-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

10 CFR 1.18 - Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 10 Energy 1 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. 1.18 Section 1.18 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION STATEMENT OF ORGANIZATION AND GENERAL INFORMATION Headquarters Panels, Boards, and Committees § 1.18 Advisory Committee on Nuclear Waste. The Advisory Committee on...

Aquatic Life Criteria - Cadmium

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Documents pertaining to 2016 Acute and Chronic Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium (Freshwater, Estuarine/marine). These documents contain the safe levels of Cadmium in water that should protect to the majority of species.

Cadmium in smoke particulates of regular and filter cigarettes containing low and high cadmium concentrations

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bache, C.A.; Reid, C.M.; Hoffman, D.

In the work reported, filter and nonfilter cigarettes were prepared from high-cadmium tobacco grown on a municipal sludge-amended soil or a low-cadmium tobacco grown on untreated soil alone. These were smoked by machine to determine the effectiveness of the cigarette filters in possibly reducing the quantities of cadmium in the mainstream smoke particulates.

Cadmium Recycling in the United States in 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Plachy, Jozef

2003-01-01

Recycling of cadmium is a young and growing industry that has been influenced by environmental concerns and regulatory constraints. Domestic recycling of cadmium began in 1989 as a byproduct of processing of spent nickel-cadmium batteries. In 1995, International Metals Reclamation Co. Inc. expanded its operations by building a dedicated cadmium recycling plant. In 2000, an estimated 13 percent of cadmium consumption in the United States was sourced from recycled cadmium, which is derived mainly from old scrap or, to lesser degree, new scrap. The easiest forms of old scrap to recycle are small spent nickel-cadmium batteries followed by flue dust generated during recycling of galvanized steel and small amounts of alloys that contain cadmium. Most of new scrap is generated during manufacturing processes, such as nickel-cadmium battery production. All other uses of cadmium are in low concentrations and, therefore, difficult to recycle. Consequently, much of this cadmium is dissipated and lost. The amount of cadmium in scrap that was unrecovered in 2000 was estimated to be 2,030 t, and an estimated 285 t was recovered. Recycling efficiency was estimated to be about 15 percent.

Cadmium recycling in the United States in 2000

USGS Publications Warehouse

Plachy, Jozef

2003-01-01

Recycling of cadmium is a young and growing industry that has been influenced by environmental concerns and regulatory constraints. Domestic recycling of cadmium began in 1989 as a byproduct of processing of spent nickel-cadmium batteries. In 1995, International Metals Reclamation Co. Inc. expanded its operations by building a dedicated cadmium recycling plant. In 2000, an estimated 13 percent of cadmium consumption in the United States was sourced from recycled cadmium, which is derived mainly from old scrap or, to lesser degree, new scrap. The easiest forms of old scrap to recycle are small spent nickel-cadmium batteries followed by flue dust generated during recycling of galvanized steel and small amounts of alloys that contain cadmium. Most of new scrap is generated during manufacturing processes, such as nickel-cadmium battery production. All other uses of cadmium are in low concentrations and, therefore, difficult to recycle. Consequently, much of this cadmium is dissipated and lost. The amount of cadmium in scrap that was unrecovered in 2000 was estimated to be 2,030 metric tons, and an estimated 285 tons was recovered. Recycling efficiency was estimated to be about 15 percent.

30 CFR 285.118 - What are my appeal rights?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 30 Mineral Resources 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What are my appeal rights? 285.118 Section 285.118 Mineral Resources MINERALS MANAGEMENT SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR OFFSHORE RENEWABLE ENERGY ALTERNATE USES OF EXISTING FACILITIES ON THE OUTER CONTINENTAL SHELF General Provisions § 285.118...

19 CFR 118.13 - Notification of selection or nonselection.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 19 Customs Duties 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Notification of selection or nonselection. 118.13 Section 118.13 Customs Duties U.S. CUSTOMS AND BORDER PROTECTION, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY; DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY CENTRALIZED EXAMINATION STATIONS Application To Establish a CES § 118.13...

Cadmium, environmental exposure, and health outcomes

PubMed Central

Satarug, Soisungwan; Garrett, Scott H.; Sens, Mary Ann; Sens, Donald A.

2018-01-01

We provide an update of the issues surrounding health risk assessment of exposure to cadmium in food. Bioavailability of ingested cadmium has been confirmed in studies of persons with elevated dietary exposure, and the findings have been strengthened by the substantial amounts of cadmium accumulated in kidneys, eyes, and other tissues and organs of environmentally exposed individuals. We hypothesized that such accumulation results from the efficient absorption and systemic transport of cadmium, employing multiple transporters that are used for the body’s acquisition of calcium, iron, zinc, and manganese. Adverse effects of cadmium on kidney and bone have been observed in environmentally exposed populations at frequencies higher than those predicted from models of exposure. Population data raise concerns about the validity of the current safe intake level that uses the kidney as the sole target in assessing the health risk from ingested cadmium. The data also question the validity of incorporating the default 5% absorption rate in the threshold-type risk assessment model, known as the provisional tolerable weekly intake (PTWI), to derive a safe intake level for cadmium. PMID:21655733

Cadmium determination in Mexican-produced tobacco

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Saldivar De R., L.; Soto, R.; Fortoul, T.I.

Exposure to cadmium by inhalation or ingestion is dangerous for human health. This metal induces damage to the kidneys, the bones, the prostate, and the lungs. In the lungs, cadmium can produce cancer, emphysema, and fibrosis. It is well known that tobacco leaves are contaminated with cadmium, a metal that has been related to pulmonary damage. In this paper the authors report the concentration of cadmium in tobacco leaves and in cigarettes produced for domestic consumption. Fifty-five cigarettes of different brands, prices, and stocks were analyzed as well as 48 samples from four different types of tobacco. The average concentrationmore » of cadmium in cigarettes was 4.41 {plus minus} 0.67 {mu}g/g, and 2.65 {plus minus} 0.99 {mu}g/g for tobacco leaves; the content of cadmium, was 2.8 {plus minus} 0.4 {mu}g/cigarette. It was estimated that a person that smokes 20 Mexican cigarettes per day can increase his(her) cadmium burden by 1.4 to 2.8 {mu}g per day.« less

21 CFR 118.6 - Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.6... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.6 Egg... age required by § 118.4(a) is positive, you must divert eggs to treatment (defined in § 118.3) for the...

21 CFR 118.6 - Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Egg testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.6... (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.6 Egg... age required by § 118.4(a) is positive, you must divert eggs to treatment (defined in § 118.3) for the...

Formation of Defected Cadmium Ferrite during Hydrothermal Storage of Cadmium-Iron Hydroxides

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wolski, W.; Wolska, E.; Kaczmarek, J.

1994-05-01

The storage of amorphous coprecipitated Cd(OH) 2 · 2Fe(OH) 3 gel in mother liquor at 150 ± 2°C for 20 hr leads to a crystalline species which, according to X-ray analysis, is composed of cadmium hydroxide nitrate, Cd 3(OH) 5NO 3, cadmium hydroxide, βCd(OH) 2, and a strongly ferrimagnetic spinel phase. The Curie point at 270-280°C was found by thermomagnetic analysis. At that temperature the decomposition of the spinel phase and of the accompanying nonmagnetic phases takes place. IR spectra indicate that during thermomagnetic recording the liberated cadmium oxide and iron oxide form antiferromagnetic cadmium ferrite, with frequencies somewhat displaced in comparison to CdFe 2O 4 annealed at 1000°C. The results indicate that the ferrimagnetic phase (having spinel structure, a unit-cell parameter a of about 8.37 ± 0.01 Å, and a Tc point differing by more than 300°C from that of pure maghemite, γFe 2O 3) is likely to be a defected solid solution of maghemite and cadmium ferrite, of the formula Cd 2+xFe 3+1- x [Fe 3+(5+ x)/3 □ (1- x)/3 ]O 4.

Cadmium contamination of early human milk.

PubMed

Sikorski, R; Paszkowski, T; Radomański, T; Szkoda, J

1989-01-01

The concentration of cadmium was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrometry in colostrum samples obtained from 110 women on the 4th postpartum day. Detectable amounts of cadmium were found in 95% of the examined samples and the geometric mean of the determined values was 0.002 mg/kg. In 3 cases (2.7%, the examined neonates received via mother's milk an amount of cadmium exceeding the maximum daily intake level for this metal. Maternal age, parity and place of residence did not affect the determined cadmium levels of milk. Cadmium content in the early human milk of current smokers did not differ significantly from that of nonsmoking mothers.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

A reporter interviews STS-118 Mission Specialist Dave Williams during a special event at Walt Disney World in Orlando . The day's events honoring the STS-118 space shuttle crew recognized the inspirational achievement of teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan who helped dedicate a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction, and included meeting with students and the media and parading down Main Street to the delight of the crowds. The other crew members attending were Commander Scott Kelly, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh and Mission Specialists Tracy Caldwell, Rick Mastracchio and Alvin Drew. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station

42 CFR 460.118 - Violation of rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Violation of rights. 460.118 Section 460.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE...

42 CFR 460.118 - Violation of rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Violation of rights. 460.118 Section 460.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE) PROGRAMS OF ALL-INCLUSIVE CARE FOR THE ELDERLY (PACE...

Cadmium removal by Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza.

PubMed

Chaudhuri, Devaleena; Majumder, Arunabha; Misra, Amal K; Bandyopadhyay, Kaushik

2014-01-01

The present study investigates the ability of two genus of duckweed (Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza) to phytoremediate cadmium from aqueous solution. Duckweed was exposed to six different cadmium concentrations, such as, 0.5,1.0,1.5, 2.0, 2.5, and 3.0 mg/L and the experiment was continued for 22 days. Water samples were collected periodically for estimation of residual cadmium content in aqueous solution. At the end of treatment period plant samples were collected and accumulated cadmium content was measured. Cadmium toxicity was observed through relative growth factor and changes in chlorophyll content Experimental results showed that Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza were capable of removing 42-78% and 52-75% cadmium from media depending upon initial cadmium concentrations. Cadmium was removed following pseudo second order kinetic model Maximum cadmium accumulation in Lemna minor was 4734.56 mg/kg at 2 mg/L initial cadmium concentration and 7711.00 mg/kg in Spirodela polyrhiza at 3 mg/L initial cadmium concentration at the end of treatment period. Conversely in both cases maximum bioconcentration factor obtained at lowest initial cadmium concentrations, i.e., 0.5 mg/L, were 3295.61 and 4752.00 for Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza respectively. The present study revealed that both Lemna minor and Spirodela polyrhiza was potential cadmium accumulator.

Improvement of cadmium phytoremediation by Centella asiatica L. after soil inoculation with cadmium-resistant Enterobacter sp. FM-1.

PubMed

Li, Yi; Liu, Kehui; Wang, Yang; Zhou, Zhenming; Chen, Chaoshu; Ye, Panhua; Yu, Fangming

2018-07-01

This study examined the potential of a cadmium-resistant Enterobacter sp. FM-1 to promote plant growth and assist in cadmium accumulation in both mine-type C. asiatica L. and non-mine type C. asiatica L. tissues in highly cadmium-polluted soils. The results indicated that Enterobacter sp. FM-1 significantly promoted growth and alleviated metal toxicity in both types of C. asiatica L. Meanwhile, inoculation with Enterobacter sp. FM-1 in contaminated soil can increased cadmium bioavailability in soil. Furthermore, it will increase plant uptake and the accumulation of cadmium in C. asiatica L. leaves, stems and roots compared to that in an uninoculated plant. However, mine-type C. asiatica L. had better cadmium tolerance than the non mine-type C. asiatica L. Because of its native metal-tolerant ability, which could easily grow and proliferate, and had a better performance under cadmium-contamination conditions. Additionally, inoculation with Enterobacter sp. FM-1 significantly enhanced the bioaccumulation factor (BAF) and the translocation factor (TF) values in both types of C. asiatica L. even under high cadmium concentration soil condition. Hence, based on higher BAF and TF values and strong cadmium accumulation in the leaves and stems, we concluded that inoculation with Enterobacter sp. FM-1 is potentially useful for the phytoremediation of cadmium-contaminated sites by Centella asiatica L. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Gender-specific differences of interaction between cadmium exposure and obesity on prediabetes in the NHANES 2007-2012 population.

PubMed

Jiang, Fei; Zhi, Xueyuan; Xu, Miao; Li, Bingyan; Zhang, Zengli

2018-05-30

Data from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) for the years 2007-2012 were used to evaluate the interactions of cadmium (Cd) exposure with being overweight/obesity on the risk of prediabetes among adults 20 years older. A total of 3552 subjects were included in the analysis. Urinary cadmium levels (UCd) was used as a biomarker for long-term exposure to Cd. Additive interaction was estimated using relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI), attributable proportion due to interaction (AP) and synergy index (S). Following covariates adjustments, we found significant associations of UCd with higher prediabetes prevalence, and this association was more apparent in males (Q4 vs Q1: OR = 1.95, 95%CI: 1.34-2.84); while overweight/obesity was associated with prediabetes both in males and in females. Additionally, there was a significant interaction between Cd exposure and being overweight/obesity on prediabetes risk among males (RERI = 1.18, 95% CI: 0.42-1.93; AP = 0.35, 95% CI: 0.12-0.58; S = 2.00, 95% CI: 0.92-4.34). Our results suggest that being overweight/obesity may substantially amplify the adverse effects of long-term cadmium exposure on prediabetes risk, and this interaction is more severe in male adults. Further studies are needed to confirm these findings.

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... (2) made in accordance with one of the two formulas prescribed in paragraph (b) of this section, and...-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND... Formulas and Statements of Process General-Use Formulas § 20.118 Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. (a...

The ITEA-NASA STS-118 Design Challenges

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Meade, Shelli D.; Caron, Daniel W.; Gray, Aaron; Weaver, Kim

2008-01-01

In conjunction with the August 8, 2007 launch of STS-118, the International Technology Education Association (ITEA) and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) developed and recently debuted curricular units for Grades K-12 on Space Exploration, known as STS-118 Design Challenges. The units focus on aspects of the themes that NASA…

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

33 CFR 118.60 - Characteristics of lights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Characteristics of lights. 118.60... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.60 Characteristics of lights. All lights required or authorized under this.... Lights must meet the requirements of this part. Lights shall be fixed lights excepting as provided in...

Cadmium blood concentrations in relation to nutrition.

PubMed

Krajcovicová-Kudládková, Marica; Ursínyová, Monika; Masánová, Vlasta; Béderová, Alzbeta; Valachovicová, Martina

2006-09-01

Cadmium is a toxic element ubiquitous in the environment, which damages biological systems in various ways. The major source of cadmium exposure is food. High cadmium content in the soil leads to high cadmium concentrations in certain plants such as grains (above all surface layers and germs), oil or non-oil seeds, fruit and vegetables. These food commodities are the crucial components of a vegetarian nutrition. Blood cadmium concentrations were measured in two non-smoking population groups: the vegetarian group (n = 80) and the non-vegetarian (control) group of general population on traditional mixed diet (n = 84). The significantly higher blood cadmium content (1.78 +/- 0.22 vs. 0.45 +/- 0.04 microg/l) was measured in vegetarian group. Healthy risk values > 5 microg/l were found in 6 vegetarians vs. no non-vegetarian. The highest cadmium concentration (3.15 +/- 0.77 microg/l) was measured in vegan subgroup (plant food only, n = 10) and that value decreased with increasing animal food consumption (1.75 +/- 0.36 microg/l, lactovegetarian and lactoovovegetarian subgroup/added dairy products and eggs, n = 41/, 1.34 +/- 0.21 microg/I, semivegetarian subgroup /as a previous subgroup and added white meat, n = 291). Risk vegetarians vs. non-risk vegetarians consume significantly higher amounts of whole grain products, grain sprouts and oil seeds. Blood cadmium content is directly influenced by age (r = 0.32, p < 0.001), by whole grain product intake (r = 0.66, p < 0.001) and by duration of vegetarianism (r = 0.5, p < 0.001). Oxidative stress plays a major role in chronic cadmium induced hepatic and renal toxicity as well as in other consequences of cadmium injuries. Vegetarians have significantly higher plasma concentrations of natural antioxidants. The sufficient antioxidative protection against cadmium induced free radical formation in vegetarians may inhibit the harmful effects of greater cadmium intake from plant food.

Cadmium concentrations in tobacco and tobacco smoke

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Scherer, G.; Barkemeyer, H.

The amount of cadmium in tobacco depends on the variety and origin of the plant as well as on the analytical method used to determine cadmium. In the literature, cadmium concentrations in tobacco of between 0.5 and 5 ppm are reported. Modern German cigarette tobacco contains about 0.5-1.5 micrograms cadmium/cigarette. Of importance for the smoker is the amount of the metal in the mainstream smoke. The cadmium level in the mainstream smoke of modern cigarettes is reduced by means of filters and other construction features. The average Cd value of German filter cigarettes is less than 0.1 microgram/cigarette in mainstreammore » smoke. An average daily intake of about 1 microgram cadmium by smoking 20 cigarettes can be calculated on the basis of an experimentally proved pulmonary retention rate of 50%. Pulmonary resorption rates relevant to uptake rates of cadmium by smoking are discussed. It can be assumed that cadmium uptake by smoking modern cigarettes has been reduced because of modifications in tobacco processing and cigarette construction in the last few decades.« less

Cadmium Accumulation in Two Populations of Rice Frogs (Fejervarya limnocharis) Naturally Exposed to Different Environmental Cadmium Levels

PubMed Central

Othman, Mohd Sham; Khonsue, Wichase; Kitana, Jirarach; Thirakhupt, Kumthorn; Robson, Mark Gregory

2014-01-01

Contaminant accumulation analysis is important in the study of sentinels. This research determined cadmium accumulation and bioconcentration factors of whole organism, liver, kidney, ovary and testis of Fejervarya limnocharis exposed to different environmental cadmium levels. Frogs from contaminated sites had significantly higher hepatic (1.939 mg/kg), renal (7.253 mg/kg) and testicular (1.462 mg/kg) cadmium than those from the reference sites (0.205, 0.783 and 0.379 mg/kg, respectively). Cadmium accumulation was the highest during the late dry and early rainy seasons. If this species is used as a sentinel for cadmium accumulation, the utilization of its whole organism, liver, kidney and testis is appropriate. PMID:19690790

Changes in cadmium exposure among persons living in cadmium-contaminated areas in northwestern Thailand: a five-year follow-up.

PubMed

Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya; Mahasakpan, Pranee; Funkhiew, Thippawan; Limpatanachote, Pisit

2010-10-01

To determine changes in cadmium exposure among persons aged 15 years and older who lived in the 12 cadmium-contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand. Urinary cadmium was measured among villagers in 2004. An exposure reduction campaign was conducted soon afterwards, and in 2009, urinary cadmium was measured among people living in the same villages. The survey participants were asked about their smoking status and consumption of rice grown locally in cadmium-contaminated areas. Both were the two main routes of cadmium exposure in these villages. Seven thousand six hundred ninety seven and 6748 persons participated in the first and second surveys, respectively. The proportion of current smokers was higher in the first survey (34.9%) than the second survey (31.5%). The proportion of persons who consumed rice grown locally decreased from 88.0% in the first survey to 50.5% in the second survey. Of persons who consumed rice grown locally, the proportion of those with urinary cadmium > or =2 microg/g creatinine increased from 55.5% in the first survey to 61.3% in the second survey. Of persons consuming rice purchased from other areas, the proportion of those with urinary cadmium > or =2 microg/g creatinine decreased from 46.7% in the first survey to 35.6% in the second survey. In both surveys, the adjusted odds ratio for increasing prevalence of high urinary cadmium associated with consumption of locally grown rice was greater than that for tobacco smoking. Urinary excretion of cadmium significantly decreased after environmental cadmium exposure was reduced.

Process for removing cadmium from scrap metal

DOEpatents

Kronberg, J.W.

1994-01-01

A process for the recovery of a metal, in particular, cadmium contained in scrap, in a stable form. The process comprises the steps of mixing the cadmium-containing scrap with an ammonium carbonate solution, preferably at least a stoichiometric amount of ammonium carbonate, and/or free ammonia, and an oxidizing agent to form a first mixture so that the cadmium will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a water-soluble ammine complex; evaporating the first mixture so that ammine complex dissociates from the first mixture leaving carbonate ions to react with the cadmium and form a second mixture that includes cadmium carbonate; optionally adding water to the second mixture to form a third mixture; adjusting the pH of the third mixture to the acid range whereby the cadmium carbonate will dissolve; and adding at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfide, preferably in the form of hydrogen sulfide or an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, to the third mixture to precipitate cadmium sulfide. This mixture of sulfide is then preferably digested by heating to facilitate precipitation of large particles of cadmium sulfide. The scrap may be divided by shredding or breaking up to exposure additional surface area. Finally, the precipitated cadmium sulfide can be mixed with glass formers and vitrified for permanent disposal.

Process for removing cadmium from scrap metal

DOEpatents

Kronberg, James W.

1995-01-01

A process for the recovery of a metal, in particular, cadmium contained in scrap, in a stable form. The process comprises the steps of mixing the cadmium-containing scrap with an ammonium carbonate solution, preferably at least a stoichiometric amount of ammonium carbonate, and/or free ammonia, and an oxidizing agent to form a first mixture so that the cadmium will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a water-soluble ammine complex; evaporating the first mixture so that ammine complex dissociates from the first mixture leaving carbonate ions to react with the cadmium and form a second mixture that includes cadmium carbonate; optionally adding water to the second mixture to form a third mixture; adjusting the pH of the third mixture to the acid range whereby the cadmium carbonate will dissolve; and adding at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfide, preferably in the form of hydrogen sulfide or an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, to the third mixture to precipitate cadmium sulfide. This mixture of sulfide is then preferably digested by heating to facilitate precipitation of large particles of cadmium sulfide. The scrap may be divided by shredding or breaking up to expose additional surface area. Finally, the precipitated cadmium sulfide can be mixed with glass formers and vitrified for permanent disposal.

Effects of dietary cadmium on mallard ducklings

USGS Publications Warehouse

Cain, B.W.; Sileo, L.; Franson, J.C.; Moore, J.

1983-01-01

Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) ducklings were fed cadmium in the diet at 0, 5, 10, or 20 ppm from 1 day of age until 12 weeks of age. At 4-week intervals six males and six females from each dietary group were randomly selected, bled by jugular venipuncture, and necropsied. Significant decreases in packed cell volume (PCV) and hemoglobin (Hb) concentration and a significant increase in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT) were found at 8 weeks of age in ducklings fed 20 ppm cadmium. Mild to severe kidney lesions were evident in ducklings fed 20 ppm cadmium for 12 weeks. No other blood chemistry measurement, hematological parameter, or tissue histopathological measurement indicated a reaction to cadmium ingestion. Body weight, liver weight, and the ratio of the femur weight to length were not affected by dietary cadmium. Femur cadmium concentration In all ducklings 12 weeks of age declined from the values detected at 4 and 8 weeks of age. Liver cadmium concentrations were significantly higher in relation to the increased dietary levels and in relation to the length of time the ducklings were fed the cadmium diets. At 12 weeks of age the cadmium concentration in liver tissue was twice that in the diet.

40 CFR 51.118 - Stack height provisions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... exceeds good engineering practice or by any other dispersion technique, except as provided in § 51.118(b... based on a good engineering practice stack height that exceeds the height allowed by § 51.100(ii) (1) or... actual stack height of any source. (b) The provisions of § 51.118(a) shall not apply to (1) stack heights...

41 CFR 102-118.265 - What is a prepayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... audit? 102-118.265 Section 102-118.265 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements for Prepayment Audits...

Reviews of the environmental effects of pollutants: IV. Cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hammons, A.S.; Huff, J.E.; Braunstein, H.M.

This report is a comprehensive, multidisciplinary review of the health and environmental effects of cadmium and specific cadmium derivatives. More than 500 references are cited. The cadmium body burden in animals and humans results mainly from the diet. In the United States, the normal intake of cadmium for adult humans is estimated at about 50 ..mu..g per day. Tobacco smoke is a significant additional source of cadmium exposure. The kidneys and liver together contain about 50% of the total cadmium body burden. Acute cadmium poisoning is primarily an occupational problem, generally from inhalation of cadmium fumes or dusts. In themore » general population, incidents of acute poisoning by inhaled or ingested cadmium or its compounds are relatively rare. The kidney is the primary target organ for toxicity from prolonged low-level exposure to cadmium. No causal relationship has been established between cadmium exposure and human cancer, although a possible link between cadmium and prostate cancer has been indicated. Cadmium has been shown to be teratogenic in rats, hamsters, and mice, but no such effects have been proven in humans. Cadmium has been reported to increase the frequency of chromosomal aberrations in cultured Chinese hamster ovary cells and in human peripheral leukocytes. The major concern about environmental cadmium is the potential effects on the general population. There is no substantial evidence of hazard from current levels of cadmium in air, water, or food. However, because cadmium is a cumulative poison and because present intake provides a relatively small safety margin, there are adequate reasons for concern over possible future increases in background levels.« less

Response of Pleurotus ostreatus to cadmium exposure

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Favero, N.; Bressa, G.; Costa, P.

1990-08-01

The possibility of utilizing agroindustrial wastes in the production of edible, high-quality products (e.g., mushrooms) implies the risk of bringing toxic substances, such as heavy metals, into the human food chain. Thus, growth in the presence of cadmium and cadmium accumulation limits have been studied in the industrially cultivated fungus P. ostreatus. Fruit body production is substantially unaffected in the presence of 25, 139, and 285 mg Cd/kg of dried substrate. Cadmium concentration in fruit bodies is related to cadmium substrate level, the metal being present at higher levels in caps (22-56 mg/kg dry wt) than in stems (13-36 mg/kgmore » dry wt). Concentration factor (CF), very low in the controls (about 2), further decreases in treated specimens. The presence of a cadmium control mechanism in this fungi species is suggested. Fruit body cadmium levels could, however, represent a risk for P. ostreatus consumers, according to FAO/WHO limits related to weekly cadmium intake.« less

An association between urinary cadmium and urinary stone disease in persons living in cadmium-contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand: A population study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya, E-mail: swaddi@hotmail.com; Mahasakpan, Pranee; Limpatanachote, Pisit

Excessive urinary calcium excretion is the major risk of urinary stone formation. Very few population studies have been performed to determine the relationship between environmental cadmium exposure and urinary stone disease. This population-based study examined an association between urinary cadmium excretion, a good biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, and prevalence of urinary stones in persons aged 15 years and older, who lived in the 12 cadmium-contaminated villages in the Mae Sot District, Tak Province, northwestern Thailand. A total of 6748 persons were interviewed and screened for urinary cadmium and urinary stone disease in 2009. To test a correlation between urinarymore » excretion of cadmium and calcium, we measured urinary calcium content in 1492 persons, who lived in 3 villages randomly selected from the 12 contaminated villages. The rate of urinary stones significantly increased from 4.3% among persons in the lowest quartile of urinary cadmium to 11.3% in the highest quartile. An increase in stone prevalence with increasing urinary cadmium levels was similarly observed in both genders. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a positive association between urinary cadmium levels and stone prevalence, after adjusting for other co-variables. The urinary calcium excretion significantly increased with increasing urinary cadmium levels in both genders, after adjusting for other co-variables. Elevated calciuria induced by cadmium might increase the risk of urinary stone formation in this environmentally exposed population. - Research highlights: {yields} Excessive calciuria is the major risk of urinary stone formation. {yields} We examine cadmium-exposed persons for urinary cadmium, calcium, and stones. {yields} The rate of urinary stones increases with increasing urinary cadmium. {yields} Urinary calcium excretion increases with increasing urinary cadmium. {yields} Elevated calciuria induced by cadmium may increase the risk of urinary stones.« less

Cadmium Exposure is Associated with the Prevalence of Dyslipidemia.

PubMed

Zhou, Zhou; Lu, Yong-Hui; Pi, Hui-Feng; Gao, Peng; Li, Min; Zhang, Lei; Pei, Li-Ping; Mei, Xiang; Liu, Lin; Zhao, Qi; Qin, Qi-Zhong; Chen, Yu; Jiang, Yue-Ming; Zhang, Zhao-Hui; Yu, Zheng-Ping

2016-01-01

Cadmium is a widespread environmental and occupational pollutant that accumulates in human body with a biological half-life exceeding 10 years. Cadmium exposure has been demonstrated to increase rates of cardiovascular diseases. Whether occupational cadmium exposure is associated with the increase in the prevalence of dyslipidemia and hence contributes to the risk of cardiovascular diseases is still equivocal. To test the hypothesis that exposure to cadmium is related to the prevalence of dyslipidemia, we examined the associations between blood cadmium concentration and the prevalence of dyslipidemia in workers occupationally exposed to cadmium in China. A cross-sectional survey on demographic data, blood cadmium level and lipid profile in cadmium exposed workers from seven cadmium smelting factories in central and southwestern China was conducted. We measured blood cadmium concentration and lipid components of 1489 cadmium exposed workers. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was compared across blood cadmium quartiles. Associations between the blood cadmium concentrations and the prevalence of dyslipidemia were assessed using confounder adjusted linear and logistic regressions. The blood cadmium concentration was 3.61±0.84µg/L ( mean ±SD). The prevalence of dyslipidemia in this occupational population was 66.3%. Mean blood cadmium concentration of workers with dyslipedemia was significantly higher than that of workers without dyslipidemia (p <0.01). The prevalence of dyslipidemia increased dose-dependently with elevations in blood cadmium concentrations (p for trend <0.001). Elevated levels of blood cadmium were associated with BMI, education attainment, income, smoking status and duration of exposure (all p <0.01). Furthermore, the profile of blood lipid was obviously changed in this occupational population. The prevalence of high TC, high TG, Low HDL-C and high LDL-C rose with increases in blood cadmium levels dose-dependently (p for trend <0.001). The odds ratios

7 CFR 1220.118 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.118 Person. The term person...

7 CFR 1220.118 - Person.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE SOYBEAN PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND CONSUMER INFORMATION Soybean Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1220.118 Person. The term person...

Process for removing cadmium from scrap metal

DOEpatents

Kronberg, J.W.

1995-04-11

A process is described for the recovery of a metal, in particular, cadmium contained in scrap, in a stable form. The process comprises the steps of mixing the cadmium-containing scrap with an ammonium carbonate solution, preferably at least a stoichiometric amount of ammonium carbonate, and/or free ammonia, and an oxidizing agent to form a first mixture so that the cadmium will react with the ammonium carbonate to form a water-soluble ammine complex; evaporating the first mixture so that ammine complex dissociates from the first mixture leaving carbonate ions to react with the cadmium and form a second mixture that includes cadmium carbonate; optionally adding water to the second mixture to form a third mixture; adjusting the pH of the third mixture to the acid range whereby the cadmium carbonate will dissolve; and adding at least a stoichiometric amount of sulfide, preferably in the form of hydrogen sulfide or an aqueous ammonium sulfide solution, to the third mixture to precipitate cadmium sulfide. This mixture of sulfide is then preferably digested by heating to facilitate precipitation of large particles of cadmium sulfide. The scrap may be divided by shredding or breaking up to expose additional surface area. Finally, the precipitated cadmium sulfide can be mixed with glass formers and vitrified for permanent disposal. 2 figures.

41 CFR 102-118.10 - What is a transportation audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a transportation audit? 102-118.10 Section 102-118.10 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

41 CFR 102-118.15 - What is a transportation payment?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is a transportation payment? 102-118.15 Section 102-118.15 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

Cadmium Exposure and Pancreatic Cancer in South Louisiana

PubMed Central

Luckett, Brian G.; Su, L. Joseph; Rood, Jennifer C.; Fontham, Elizabeth T. H.

2012-01-01

Cadmium has been hypothesized to be a pancreatic carcinogen. We test the hypothesis that cadmium exposure is a risk factor for pancreatic cancer with a population-based case-control study sampled from a population with persistently high rates of pancreatic cancer (south Louisiana). We tested potential dietary and nondietary sources of cadmium for their association with urinary cadmium concentrations which reflect long-term exposure to cadmium due to the accumulation of cadmium in the kidney cortex. Increasing urinary cadmium concentrations were significantly associated with an increasing risk of pancreatic cancer (2nd quartile OR = 3.34, 3rd = 5.58, 4th = 7.70; test for trend P ≤ 0.0001). Potential sources of cadmium exposure, as documented in the scientific literature, found to be statistically significantly associated with increased risk of pancreatic cancer included working as a plumber, pipefitter or welder (OR = 5.88) and high consumption levels of red meat (4th quartile OR = 6.18) and grains (4th quartile OR = 3.38). Current cigarette smoking, at least 80 pack years of smoking, occupational exposure to cadmium and paints, working in a shipyard, and high consumption of grains were found to be statistically significantly associated with increased concentrations of urinary cadmium. This study provides epidemiologic evidence that cadmium is a potential human pancreatic carcinogen. PMID:23319964

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

7 CFR 1260.118 - Cattle.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE BEEF PROMOTION AND RESEARCH Beef Promotion and Research Order Definitions § 1260.118 Cattle. Cattle means live domesticated bovine animals...

Cadmium migration in aerospace nickel cadmium cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mcdermott, P. P.

1976-01-01

The effects of temperature, the nature of separator material, charge and discharge, carbonate contamination, and the mode of storage are studied with respect to the migration of active material from the negative toward the positive plate. A theoretical model is proposed which takes into account the solubility of cadmium in various concentrations of hydroxide and carbonate at different temperatures, the generation of the cadmiate ion, Cd(OH)3(-), during discharge, the migration of the cadmiate ion and particulate Cd(OH)2 due to electrophoretic effects and the movement of electrolyte in and out of the negative plate and, finally, the recrystallization of cadmiate ion in the separator as Cd(OH)2. Application of the theoretical model to observations of cadmium migration in cycled cells is also discussed.

Hazards to wildlife from soil-borne cadmium reconsidered

USGS Publications Warehouse

Beyer, W.N.

2000-01-01

Cadmium is a toxic element that should be included in environmental risk assessments of contaminated soils. This paper argues, however, that hazards to wildlife from cadmium have often been overstated. The literature contains only meager evidence that wild animals have been seriously harmed by cadmium, even at severely contaminated sites. Although some researchers have reported that wildlife have accumulated concentrations of cadmium in their kidneys that were above suggested injury thresholds, the thresholds may be disputed, since they were well below the World Health Organization criterion of 200 mg/kg (wet weight) of cadmium in the renal cortex for protecting human health. Recent risk assessments have concluded that soil cadmium concentrations less than 1 mg/kg are toxic to soil organisms and wildlife, which implies that background concentrations of cadmium naturally found in soils are hazardous. An examination of the databases used to support these assessments suggested that the toxicity of cadmium has been exaggerated.

Association of urinary cadmium and myocardial infarction

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Everett, Charles J.; Frithsen, Ivar L.

We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of individuals 45-79 years old in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey III (1988-1994) (NHANES III). Myocardial infarction was determined by electrocardiogram (ECG). Our sample included 4912 participants, which when weighted represented 52,234,055 Americans. We performed adjusted logistic regressions with the Framingham risk score, pack-years of smoking, race-ethnicity, and family history of heart attack, and diabetes as covariates. Urinary cadmium {>=}0.88 {mu}g/g creatinine had an odds ratio of 1.86 (95% CI 1.26-2.75) compared to urinary cadmium <0.43 {mu}g/g creatinine. This result supports the hypothesis that cadmium is associated with coronary heart disease. When logisticmore » regressions were done by gender, women, but not men, showed a significant association of urinary cadmium with myocardial infarction. Women with urinary cadmium {>=}0.88 {mu}g/g creatinine had an odds ratio of 1.80 (95% CI 1.06-3.04) compared to urinary cadmium <0.43 {mu}g/g creatinine. When the analysis was restricted to never smokers (N=2187) urinary cadmium {>=}0.88 {mu}g/g creatinine had an odds ratio of 1.85 (95% CI 1.10-3.14) compared to urinary cadmium <0.43 {mu}g/g creatinine.« less

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

28 CFR 0.118 - Office of Chief Administrative Hearing Officer.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Officer. 0.118 Section 0.118 Judicial Administration DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE ORGANIZATION OF THE DEPARTMENT OF JUSTICE Executive Office for Immigration Review § 0.118 Office of Chief Administrative Hearing... Law Judges in performance of their duties in accordance with 8 U.S.C. 1324 A and B. ...

34 CFR 300.118 - Children in public or private institutions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 34 Education 2 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Children in public or private institutions. 300.118 Section 300.118 Education Regulations of the Offices of the Department of Education (Continued) OFFICE OF... EDUCATION OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES State Eligibility Least Restrictive Environment (lre) § 300.118...

33 CFR 118.110 - Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... bridges. 118.110 Section 118.110 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.110 Daymarks and lateral lighting on bridges. (a... through bridges with U.S. aids to navigation system lateral marks and lights installed on the...

Process for producing large grain cadmium telluride

DOEpatents

Hasoon, F.S.; Nelson, A.J.

1996-01-16

A process is described for producing a cadmium telluride polycrystalline film having grain sizes greater than about 20 {micro}m. The process comprises providing a substrate upon which cadmium telluride can be deposited and placing that substrate within a vacuum chamber containing a cadmium telluride effusion cell. A polycrystalline film is then deposited on the substrate through the steps of evacuating the vacuum chamber to a pressure of at least 10{sup {minus}6} torr.; heating the effusion cell to a temperature whereat the cell releases stoichiometric amounts of cadmium telluride usable as a molecular beam source for growth of grains on the substrate; heating the substrate to a temperature whereat a stoichiometric film of cadmium telluride can be deposited; and releasing cadmium telluride from the effusion cell for deposition as a film on the substrate. The substrate then is placed in a furnace having an inert gas atmosphere and heated for a sufficient period of time at an annealing temperature whereat cadmium telluride grains on the substrate grow to sizes greater than about 20 {micro}m.

Process for producing large grain cadmium telluride

DOEpatents

Hasoon, Falah S.; Nelson, Art J.

1996-01-01

A process for producing a cadmium telluride polycrystalline film having grain sizes greater than about 20 .mu.m. The process comprises providing a substrate upon which cadmium telluride can be deposited and placing that substrate within a vacuum chamber containing a cadmium telluride effusion cell. A polycrystalline film is then deposited on the substrate through the steps of evacuating the vacuum chamber to a pressure of at least 10.sup.-6 torr.; heating the effusion cell to a temperature whereat the cell releases stoichiometric amounts of cadmium telluride usable as a molecular beam source for growth of grains on the substrate; heating the substrate to a temperature whereat a stoichiometric film of cadmium telluride can be deposited; and releasing cadmium telluride from the effusion cell for deposition as a film on the substrate. The substrate then is placed in a furnace having an inert gas atmosphere and heated for a sufficient period of time at an annealing temperature whereat cadmium telluride grains on the substrate grow to sizes greater than about 20 .mu.m.

Aquatic Life Criteria - Cadmium Documents

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Documents pertaining to 2016 Acute and Chronic Aquatic Life Ambient Water Quality Criteria for Cadmium (Freshwater, Estuarine/marine). These documents contain the safe levels of Cadmium in water that should protect the majority of species.

37 CFR 11.8 - Oath and registration fee.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 37 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Oath and registration fee. 11.8 Section 11.8 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE REPRESENTATION OF OTHERS BEFORE THE UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE...

Cadmium Alternatives High Strength Steel JTP

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-03-01

Cadmium Alternatives HSS JTP Alternative Coatings Selected by JCAT: Primary Repair LHE Cadmium (control) IVD Aluminum (control) Zinc-Nickel, acid...Tin-Zinc Cadmium Alternatives HSS JTP Demonstration Tests Selected by JCAT: Phase I Phase II Hydrogen Embrittlement Hydrogen Re-Embrittlement (NRB...immersion, exposed C-ring (Army)) Bend Adhesion (Q/A) Appearance Throwing Power Composition Uniformity Strippability Galvanic Potential Bend Adhesion

Mineral of the month: cadmium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Klimasauskas, Edward

2005-01-01

Cadmium, which was once used almost exclusively for pigments, now has many diverse applications. Cadmium’s low melting point, excellent electrical conductivity and resistance to corrosion make it valuable for many products including batteries, electroplated coatings, stabilizers for plastics, solar cells and nonferrous alloys. Today’s cadmium is primarily used in rechargeable batteries, accounting for about 78 percent of consumption in 2004. In 2000, an estimated 3.5 billion consumer batteries were sold in the United States, of which almost 10 percent were nickel-cadmium batteries.

Correlations of urinary cadmium with hypertension and diabetes in persons living in cadmium-contaminated villages in northwestern Thailand: A population study

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya, E-mail: swaddi@hotmail.com; Mahasakpan, Pranee; Limpatanachote, Pisit

Risk for hypertension and diabetes has not been conclusively found to be a result of cadmium exposure. A population-based study was conducted in 2009 to examine the correlations of urinary cadmium, a good biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, with hypertension and diabetes in persons aged 35 years and older who lived in the 12 cadmium-contaminated rural villages in northwestern Thailand. A total of 5273 persons were interviewed and screened for urinary cadmium, hypertension, and diabetes. The geometric mean level of urinary cadmium for women (2.4{+-}2.3 {mu}g/g creatinine) was significantly greater than that for men (2.0{+-}2.2 {mu}g/g creatinine). Hypertension was presentedmore » in 29.8% of the study population and diabetes was detected in 6.6%. The prevalence of hypertension significantly increased from 25.0% among persons in the lowest tertile of urinary cadmium to 35.0% in the highest tertile. In women, the rate of hypertension significantly increased with increasing urinary cadmium levels in both ever and never smokers, after adjusting for age, alcohol consumption, body mass index, and diabetes. In men, such association was less significantly found in never smokers. The study revealed no significant association between urinary cadmium and diabetes in either gender. Our study supports the hypothesis that environmental exposure to cadmium may increase the risk of hypertension. Risk for diabetes in relation to cadmium exposure remains uncertain in this exposed population.« less

Life-cycle changes and zinc shortage in cadmium-tolerant midges, Chironomus riparius (Diptera), reared in the absence of cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Postma, J.F.; Mol, S.; Larsen, H.

1995-01-01

Adaptation to selected metals is known to modify life-cycle characteristics of some invertebrates and can modify the response to other metals. The reverse process, i.e., adaptation to nonpolluted conditions in a metal-tolerant strain, was studied here for a cadmium-tolerant population of the midge Chironomus riparius to detect whether this backward adaptation followed the same lines. It appeared that cadmium-tolerant populations, reared in the absence of cadmium, continued to suffer from high mortality rates and lowered larval growth rates and reproductive success. Also, some cadmium-tolerant populations accumulated more zinc than did nontolerant populations. Successive experiments in which both cadmium-tolerant and nontolerantmore » populations were exposed to zinc indicated that the reduced growth rate and reproduction were a direct consequence of zinc shortage in tolerant midges reared in the absence of cadmium. Mortality among cadmium-tolerant midges was, however, not lowered by zinc exposure and, judged by their high mortality rates, these midges were even more sensitive to zinc than were nontolerant chironomids. It was concluded that cadmium-tolerant chironomid populations recovering from prolonged exposure are affected by an increased need for zinc as well as by an increased mortality rate as a direct consequence of their earlier adaptation process.« less

Novel Cadmium Resistance Determinant in Listeria monocytogenes.

PubMed

Parsons, Cameron; Lee, Sangmi; Jayeola, Victor; Kathariou, Sophia

2017-03-01

Listeria monocytogenes is a foodborne pathogen that can cause severe disease (listeriosis) in susceptible individuals. It is ubiquitous in the environment and often exhibits resistance to heavy metals. One of the determinants that enables Listeria to tolerate exposure to cadmium is the cadAC efflux system, with CadA being a P-type ATPase. Three different cadA genes (designated cadA1 to cadA3 ) were previously characterized in L. monocytogenes A novel putative cadmium resistance gene ( cadA4 ) was recently identified through whole-genome sequencing, but experimental confirmation for its involvement in cadmium resistance is lacking. In this study, we characterized cadA4 in L. monocytogenes strain F8027, a cadmium-resistant strain of serotype 4b. By screening a mariner-based transposon library of this strain, we identified a mutant with reduced tolerance to cadmium and that harbored a single transposon insertion in cadA4 The tolerance to cadmium was restored by genetic complementation with the cadmium resistance cassette ( cadA4C ), and enhanced cadmium tolerance was conferred to two unrelated cadmium-sensitive strains via heterologous complementation with cadA4C Cadmium exposure induced cadA4 expression, even at noninhibitory levels. Virulence assessments in the Galleria mellonella model suggested that a functional cadA4 suppressed virulence, potentially promoting commensal colonization of the insect larvae. Biofilm assays suggested that cadA4 inactivation reduced biofilm formation. These data not only confirm cadA4 as a novel cadmium resistance determinant in L. monocytogenes but also provide evidence for roles in virulence and biofilm formation. IMPORTANCE Listeria monocytogenes is an intracellular foodborne pathogen causing the disease listeriosis, which is responsible for numerous hospitalizations and deaths every year. Among the adaptations that enable the survival of Listeria in the environment are the abilities to persist in biofilms, grow in the cold, and

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2012-10-01 2011-10-01 true Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

44 CFR 206.118 - Disposal of housing units.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... directly to a State or other governmental entity, or to a voluntary organization, for the sole purpose of... 44 Emergency Management and Assistance 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Disposal of housing units. 206.118 Section 206.118 Emergency Management and Assistance FEDERAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT AGENCY...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

33 CFR 118.120 - Radar reflectors and racons.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Radar reflectors and racons. 118... BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.120 Radar reflectors and racons. The District Commander may require or authorize the installation of radar reflectors and racons on bridge structures, stakes...

42 CFR 136.118 - Effect on existing rights.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 1 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Effect on existing rights. 136.118 Section 136.118 Public Health PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES INDIAN HEALTH Grants for Development, Construction, and Operation of...

Zinc-induced protection against cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Early, J.L.; Schnell, R.C.

Pretreatment of male rats with cadmium acetate potentiates the duration of hexobarbital hypnosis and inhibits the rate of hepatic microsomal drug metabolism. Pretreatment of rats with zinc acetate protects against these alterations in drug action elicited by cadmium.

Characterization of Endogenous Plasmids from Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118▿ †

PubMed Central

Fang, Fang; Flynn, Sarah; Li, Yin; Claesson, Marcus J.; van Pijkeren, Jan-Peter; Collins, J. Kevin; van Sinderen, Douwe; O'Toole, Paul W.

2008-01-01

The genome of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118 comprises a 1.83-Mb chromosome, a 242-kb megaplasmid (pMP118), and two smaller plasmids of 20 kb (pSF118-20) and 44 kb (pSF118-44). Annotation and bioinformatic analyses suggest that both of the smaller plasmids replicate by a theta replication mechanism. Furthermore, it appears that they are transmissible, although neither possesses a complete set of conjugation genes. Plasmid pSF118-20 encodes a toxin-antitoxin system composed of pemI and pemK homologs, and this plasmid could be cured when PemI was produced in trans. The minimal replicon of pSF118-20 was determined by deletion analysis. Shuttle vector derivatives of pSF118-20 were generated that included the replication region (pLS203) and the replication region plus mobilization genes (pLS208). The plasmid pLS203 was stably maintained without selection in Lactobacillus plantarum, Lactobacillus fermentum, and the pSF118-20-cured derivative strain of L. salivarius UCC118 (strain LS201). Cloning in pLS203 of genes encoding luciferase and green fluorescent protein, and expression from a constitutive L. salivarius promoter, demonstrated the utility of this vector for the expression of heterologous genes in Lactobacillus. This study thus expands the knowledge base and vector repertoire of probiotic lactobacilli. PMID:18390685

Large silver-cadmium technology program

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Charlip, S.; Lerner, S.

1971-01-01

The effects of varying cell design on operation factors on the electrochemical performance of sealed, silver-cadmium cells were determined. A factorial experiment was conducted for all test cells constructed with organic separators. Three operating factors were evaluated: temperature, depth of discharge, and charge rate. The six construction factors considered were separator, absorber, electrolyte quantity, cadmium electrode type, cadmium-to-silver ratio, and auxiliary electrode. Test cells of 4 ampere-hour capacity were fabricated and cycled. The best performing cells, on a 94 minute orbit, at 40% depth of discharge, were those containing silver-treated fibrous sausage casings as the separator, and Teflon-ated, pressed cadmium electrodes. Cycling data of cells with inorganic separators (Astroset) are given. Best performance was shown by cells with nonwoven nylon absorbers. Rigid inorganic separators provided the best barrier to silver migration.

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

18 CFR 11.8 - Adjustment of annual charges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Adjustment of annual charges. 11.8 Section 11.8 Conservation of Power and Water Resources FEDERAL ENERGY REGULATORY COMMISSION... in effect as fixed unless changed as authorized by law. [51 FR 24318, July 3, 1986] ...

Immunochromatographic assay of cadmium levels in oysters.

PubMed

Nishi, Kosuke; Kim, In-Hae; Itai, Takaaki; Sugahara, Takuya; Takeyama, Haruko; Ohkawa, Hideo

2012-08-15

Oysters are one of foodstuffs containing a relatively high amount of cadmium. Here we report on establishment of an immunochromatographic assay (ICA) method of cadmium levels in oysters. Cadmium was extracted with 0.l mol L(-1) HCl from oysters and cleaned up from other metals by the use of an anion-exchange column. The behavior of five metals Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn, and Cd was monitored at each step of extraction and clean-up procedure for the ICA method in an inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. The results revealed that a simple extraction method with the HCl solution was efficient enough to extract almost all of cadmium from oysters. Clean-up with an anion-exchange column presented almost no loss of cadmium adsorbed on the column and an efficient removal of metals other than cadmium. When a spiked recovery test was performed in the ICA method, the recovery ranged from 98% to 112% with relative standard deviations between 5.9% and 9.2%. The measured values of cadmium in various oyster samples in the ICA method were favorably correlated with those in ICP-MS analysis (r(2)=0.97). Overall results indicate that the ICA method established in the present study is an adequate and reliable detection method for cadmium levels in oysters. Copyright © 2012 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cadmium accumulation and growth responses of a poplar (Populus deltoidsxPopulus nigra) in cadmium contaminated purple soil and alluvial soil.

PubMed

Wu, Fuzhong; Yang, Wanqin; Zhang, Jian; Zhou, Liqiang

2010-05-15

To characterize the phytoextraction efficiency of a hybrid poplar (Populus deltoidsxPopulus nigra) in cadmium contaminated purple soil and alluvial soil, a pot experiment in field was carried out in Sichuan basin, western China. After one growing period, the poplar accumulated the highest of 541.98+/-19.22 and 576.75+/-40.55 microg cadmium per plant with 110.77+/-12.68 and 202.54+/-19.12 g dry mass in these contaminated purple soil and alluvial soil, respectively. Higher phytoextraction efficiency with higher cadmium concentration in tissues was observed in poplar growing in purple soil than that in alluvial soil at relative lower soil cadmium concentration. The poplar growing in alluvial soil had relative higher tolerance ability with lower reduction rates of morphological and growth characters than that in purple soil, suggesting that the poplar growing in alluvial soil might display the higher phytoextraction ability when cadmium contamination level increased. Even so, the poplars exhibited obvious cadmium transport from root to shoot in both soils regardless of cadmium contamination levels. It implies that this examined poplar can extract more cadmium than some hyperaccumulators. The results indicated that metal phytoextraction using the poplar can be applied to clean up soils moderately contaminated by cadmium in these purple soil and alluvial soil. Copyright (c) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Interaction of cadmium with phosphate on goethite

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Venema, P.; Hiemstra, T.; Riemsdijk, W.H. van

1997-08-01

Interactions between different ions are of importance in understanding chemical processes in natural systems. In this study simultaneous adsorption of phosphate and cadmium on goethite is studied in detail. The charge distribution (CD)-multisite complexation (MUSIC) model has been successful in describing extended data sets of cadmium adsorption and phosphate adsorption on goethite. In this study, the parameters of this model for these two data sets were combined to describe a new data set of simultaneous adsorption of cadmium and phosphate on goethite. Attention is focused on the surface speciation of cadmium. With the extra information that can be obtained frommore » the interaction experiments, the cadmium adsorption model is refined. For a perfect description of the data, the singly coordinated surface groups at the 110 face of goethite were assumed to form both monodentate and bidentate surface species with cadmium. The CD-MUSIC model is able to describe data sets of both simultaneous and single adsorption of cadmium and phosphate with the same parameters. The model calculations confirmed the idea that only singly coordinated surface groups are reactive for specific ion binding.« less

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

46 CFR 118.320 - Fire hoses and nozzles.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... commercial fire hose that conforms to Underwriters Laboratory (UL) 19 “Lined Fire Hose and Hose Assemblies... National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) 1963 “Fire Hose Connections,” or other standard specified by... 46 Shipping 4 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Fire hoses and nozzles. 118.320 Section 118.320 Shipping...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

33 CFR 118.65 - Lights on fixed bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on fixed bridges. 118.65... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.65 Lights on fixed bridges. (a) Each fixed bridge span over a navigable... range of two green lights, and each margin of each navigable channel will be marked by a red light...

33 CFR 118.70 - Lights on swing bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on swing bridges. 118.70... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.70 Lights on swing bridges. (a) Swing span lights on through bridges. Each... an approaching vessel the swing span when closed will display three red lights on top of the span...

Process for thin film deposition of cadmium sulfide

DOEpatents

Muruska, H. Paul; Sansregret, Joseph L.; Young, Archie R.

1982-01-01

The present invention teaches a process for depositing layers of cadmium sulfide. The process includes depositing a layer of cadmium oxide by spray pyrolysis of a cadmium salt in an aqueous or organic solvent. The oxide film is then converted into cadmium sulfide by thermal ion exchange of the O.sup.-2 for S.sup.-2 by annealing the oxide layer in gaseous sulfur at elevated temperatures.

Cadmium

Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

Cadmium ; CASRN 7440 - 43 - 9 Human health assessment information on a chemical substance is included in the IRIS database only after a comprehensive review of toxicity data , as outlined in the IRIS assessment development process . Sections I ( Health Hazard Assessments for Noncarcinogenic Effects

29 CFR 1928.1027 - Cadmium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Cadmium. 1928.1027 Section 1928.1027 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910...

29 CFR 1928.1027 - Cadmium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Cadmium. 1928.1027 Section 1928.1027 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910...

29 CFR 1928.1027 - Cadmium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Cadmium. 1928.1027 Section 1928.1027 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910...

29 CFR 1928.1027 - Cadmium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Cadmium. 1928.1027 Section 1928.1027 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910...

29 CFR 1928.1027 - Cadmium.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 29 Labor 9 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Cadmium. 1928.1027 Section 1928.1027 Labor Regulations Relating to Labor (Continued) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF LABOR (CONTINUED) OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH STANDARDS FOR AGRICULTURE Occupational Health § 1928.1027 Cadmium. See § 1910...

41 CFR 102-118.20 - Who is subject to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Who is subject to this part? 102-118.20 Section 102-118.20 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

40 CFR 81.118 - Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Quality Control Region. 81.118 Section 81.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Air Quality Control Regions § 81.118 Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region consists of the territorial area encompassed by the...

40 CFR 81.118 - Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Quality Control Region. 81.118 Section 81.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY... Air Quality Control Regions § 81.118 Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region. The Southwest Missouri Intrastate Air Quality Control Region consists of the territorial area encompassed by the...

Lead, cadmium and arsenic in human milk and their socio-demographic and lifestyle determinants in Lebanon.

PubMed

Bassil, Maya; Daou, Farah; Hassan, Hussein; Yamani, Osama; Kharma, Joelle Abi; Attieh, Zouheir; Elaridi, Jomana

2018-01-01

Exposure of newborns to toxic metals is of special interest due to their reported contamination in breast milk and potential harm. The aim of this study was to assess the occurrence and factors associated with lead, cadmium and arsenic contamination in breast milk collected from lactating mothers in Lebanon. A total of 74 breast milk samples were collected from primaparas according to guidelines set by the World Health Organization. A survey was administered to determine the demographic and anthropometric characteristics of participating lactating mothers. Dietary habits were assessed using a semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. The milk samples were analyzed for the presence of arsenic, cadmium and lead using microwave-assisted digestion and atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Arsenic contamination was found in 63.51% of breast milk samples (mean 2.36 ± 1.95 μg/L) whereas cadmium and lead were detected in 40.54% and 67.61% of samples respectively (means 0.87 ± 1.18 μg/L and 18.18 ± 13.31 μg/L). Regression analysis indicated that arsenic contamination was associated with cereal and fish intake (p = 0.013 and p = 0.042 respectively). Residence near cultivation activities (p = 0.008), smoking status before pregnancy (p = 0.046), potato consumption (p = 0.046) and education level (p = 0.041) were associated with lead contamination. Cadmium contamination was significantly associated with random smoke exposure (p = 0.002). Our study is the first in Lebanon to report toxic metal contamination in breast milk. Although estimated weekly infant intake of these metals from breast milk was found to be lower than the limit set by international guidelines, our results highlight the need for developing strategies to protect infants from exposure to these hazardous substances. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2012-07-01 2012-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

33 CFR 118.80 - Lights on bascule bridges.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Lights on bascule bridges. 118.80... LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.80 Lights on bascule bridges. (a) Lift span lights. Each lift span of... green light which shows only when the span is fully open for the passage of a vessel and by a red light...

Altered avoidance behavior of young black ducks fed cadmium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Heinz, G.H.; Haseltine, S.D.; Sileo, L.

1983-01-01

Pairs of adult black ducks (Anas rubripes) were fed a diet containing 0, 4 or 40 ppm cadmium as cadmium chloride. One-week-old ducklings that had been fed thc same dietary concentrations of cadmium as had their parents were tested for avoidance of a fright stimulus. Ducklings fed 4 ppm cadmium ran significantly farther from the stimulus than did controls or ducklings fed 40 ppm cadmium. Such an alteration in behavior could have harmful effects on wild birds.

Cigarette Smoke Cadmium Breakthrough from Traditional Filters: Implications for Exposure

PubMed Central

Pappas, R. Steven; Fresquez, Mark R.; Watson, Clifford H.

2015-01-01

Cadmium, a carcinogenic metal, is highly toxic to renal, skeletal, nervous, respiratory, and cardiovascular systems. Accurate and precise quantification of mainstream smoke cadmium levels in cigarette smoke is important because of exposure concerns. The two most common trapping techniques for collecting mainstream tobacco smoke particulate for analysis are glass fiber filters and electrostatic precipitators. We observed that a significant portion of total cadmium passed through standard glass fiber filters that are used to trap particulate matter. We therefore developed platinum traps to collect the cadmium that passed through the filters and tested a variety of cigarettes with different physical parameters for quantities of cadmium that passed though the filters. We found less than 1% cadmium passed through electrostatic precipitators. In contrast, cadmium that passed through 92 mm glass fiber filters on a rotary smoking machine was significantly higher, ranging from 3.5% to 22.9% of total smoke cadmium deliveries. Cadmium passed through 44 mm filters typically used on linear smoking machines to an even greater degree, ranging from 13.6% to 30.4% of the total smoke cadmium deliveries. Differences in the cadmium that passed through from the glass fiber filters and electrostatic precipitator could be explained in part if cadmium resides in the smaller mainstream smoke aerosol particle sizes. Differences in particle size distribution could have toxicological implications and could help explain the pulmonary and cardiovascular cadmium uptake in smokers. PMID:25313385

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

A special event honoring the crew of space shuttle mission STS-118 was held at Walt Disney World. Here, visitors enjoy the NASA display at Epcot's Innoventions Center. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and students and a parade down Main Street. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

Cadmium affects the social behaviour of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss.

PubMed

Sloman, Katherine A; Scott, Graham R; Diao, Zhongyu; Rouleau, Claude; Wood, Chris M; McDonald, D Gord

2003-10-29

The present study investigated both the effects of cadmium on the social interactions of rainbow trout and the differential accumulation of waterborne cadmium among social ranks of fish. Fish exposed to waterborne cadmium concentrations of 2 microg l(-1) for 24 h, followed by a 1, 2 or 3 day depuration period in clean water, had a decreased ability to compete with non-exposed fish. However, the competitive ability of exposed fish given a 5 day depuration period was not significantly impaired. Cadmium accumulated in the olfactory apparatus of fish exposed to waterborne cadmium for 24 h and decreased significantly only after 5 days depuration in clean water. Among groups of ten fish held in stream tanks, where all fish were exposed to cadmium, there were significant effects on social behaviour and growth rate. Dominance hierarchies formed faster among fish exposed to cadmium than among control fish, and overall growth rates were higher in the cadmium treatment. In groups of ten fish, social status also affected tissue accumulation of cadmium during waterborne exposure, with dominant fish accumulating more cadmium at the gill. In conclusion, exposure to low levels of cadmium, affects the social behaviour of fish, in part due to accumulation in the olfactory apparatus, and dominant fish accumulate more gill cadmium than subordinates during chronic waterborne exposure.

7 CFR 1280.118 - Promotion.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... AND ORDERS; MISCELLANEOUS COMMODITIES), DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LAMB PROMOTION, RESEARCH, AND INFORMATION ORDER Lamb Promotion, Research, and Information Order Definitions § 1280.118 Promotion. Promotion... information and public relations with emphasis on new marketing strategies, to present a favorable image of U...

[Evaluation of occupational exposure to cadmium based on analysis of air in the work area. II. Cadmium oxide levels in the air of work areas during cadmium production in a non-ferrous metal foundry].

PubMed

Rogaczewska, T; Matczak, W

1985-01-01

By stationary measurements the levels of cadmium oxide aerosols concentrations in air at particular workplaces related to cadmium production at non-ferrous metals mill have been determined. High concentrations of that compound have been found at such technological operations as unloading of cadmium-bearing raw materials, batching of cadmium sponge in the induction furnace and casting of fused cadmium into moulds. With the personal dosimetry technique, concentrations of that compound in the workers' breathing zone have been determined. Those were within 0.16-1.84 mg/m3, so--above the TLV values. However, those concentrations do not necessarily reflect the occupational exposure magnitude, as the workers had respirators.

24 CFR 972.118 - Applicability of Uniform Relocation Act.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 24 Housing and Urban Development 4 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Applicability of Uniform Relocation Act. 972.118 Section 972.118 Housing and Urban Development Regulations Relating to Housing and Urban... URBAN DEVELOPMENT CONVERSION OF PUBLIC HOUSING TO TENANT-BASED ASSISTANCE Required Conversion of Public...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section... RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2011-07-01 2009-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2012-07-01 2009-07-01 true Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section 552... AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

32 CFR 552.118 - Issuance from unit arms room.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false Issuance from unit arms room. 552.118 Section... RESERVATIONS AND NATIONAL CEMETERIES REGULATIONS AFFECTING MILITARY RESERVATIONS Physical Security of Arms, Ammunition, and Explosives-Fort Lewis, Washington § 552.118 Issuance from unit arms room. When privately...

Biological monitoring results for cadmium exposed workers.

PubMed

McDiarmid, M A; Freeman, C S; Grossman, E A; Martonik, J

1996-11-01

As part of a settlement agreement with the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) involving exposure to cadmium (Cd), a battery production facility provided medical surveillance data to OSHA for review. Measurements of cadmium in blood, cadmium in urine, and beta 2-microglobulin in urine were obtained for more than 100 workers over an 18-month period. Some airborne Cd exposure data were also made available. Two subpopulations of this cohort were of primary interest in evaluating compliance with the medical surveillance provisions of the Cadmium Standard. These were a group of 16 workers medically removed from cadmium exposure due to elevations in some biological parameter, and a group of platemakers. Platemaking had presented a particularly high exposure opportunity and had recently undergone engineering interventions to minimize exposure. The effect on three biological monitoring parameters of medical removal protection in the first group and engineering controls in platemakers is reported. Results reveal that both medical removal from cadmium exposures and exposure abatement through the use of engineering and work practice controls generally result in declines in biological monitoring parameters of exposed workers. Implications for the success of interventions are discussed.

Urine and toenail cadmium levels in pregnant women: A reliability study.

PubMed

White, Alexandra J; O'Brien, Katie M; Jackson, Brian P; Karagas, Margaret R

2018-05-29

Cadmium, as measured in human tissue, has been associated with numerous health outcomes. However, few studies have evaluated the reliability of cadmium measurements across different biologic samples. We evaluated toenail cadmium levels over time and compared toenail cadmium to urinary cadmium. We also evaluated the relationship between biomarker concentrations and cigarette smoking, a known source of cadmium exposure. Cadmium was assessed in urine and toenail samples collected from 1338 pregnant women participating in the New Hampshire Birth Cohort Study. Each participant was asked to provide a urine and a toenail sample at enrollment (between 24 and 28 weeks gestation) and another toenail sample 2-8 weeks postpartum. Cadmium concentrations were determined using inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Spearman correlations were assessed for cadmium in the toenails across the two-time points and comparing toenail and urine levels. Smoking status was evaluated as a predictor of cadmium levels. Toenail cadmium assessed during pregnancy and postpartum were modestly correlated (R = 0.3, p < 0.0001). However, urine and toenail cadmium levels were unrelated (R = -0.03, p = 0.46). Both toenail and urinary cadmium levels were associated with women's smoking status. Our findings suggest that both toenail and urinary cadmium concentrations reflect the major source of exposure - cigarette smoking. Toenail cadmium concentrations are modestly reproducible pre- and postpartum; but do not appear to be related to urinary cadmium and thus likely represent different windows and chronicity of exposure among pregnant women. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Cadmium stannate selective optical films for solar energy applications

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Haacke, G.

1975-01-01

Efforts concentrated on reducing the electrical sheet resistance of sputtered cadmium stannate films, installing and testing equipment for spray coating experiments, and sputter deposition of thin cadmium sulfide layers onto cadmium stannate electrodes. In addition, single crystal silicon wafers were coated with cadmium stannate. Work also continued on the development of the backwall CdS solar cell.

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM...

27 CFR 20.118 - Rubbing alcohol general-use formula.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Rubbing alcohol general-use formula. 20.118 Section 20.118 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY LIQUORS DISTRIBUTION AND USE OF DENATURED ALCOHOL AND RUM...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

40 CFR 745.118 - Enforcement.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) TOXIC SUBSTANCES CONTROL ACT LEAD-BASED PAINT POISONING PREVENTION IN CERTAIN RESIDENTIAL STRUCTURES Disclosure of Known Lead-Based Paint and/or Lead-Based Paint Hazards Upon Sale or Lease of Residential Property § 745.118 Enforcement. (a) Any...

Cadmium content in fresh and canned squid (Loligo opalescens) from the Pacific coastal waters of California (USA).

PubMed

Galitsopoulou, A; Georgantelis, D; Kontominas, M G

2009-01-01

Cadmium (Cd) levels were determined in 70 samples of mantle tissue and 70 whole individual squid (Loligo opalescens; commercially known as California squid). Samples were collected from the coastal zones of California (USA) during the period 2007/2008. To further investigate consumer exposure to processed fishery products, cadmium concentration was also determined in 200 canned samples of squid. Cd concentrations in raw mantle were low, between 0.01 and 0.29 mg kg(-1) and below the tolerance limit of current regulations (1 mg kg(-1)). Respective concentrations in whole individuals were significantly higher, ranging from 0.51 to 1.18 mg kg(-1), attributed to the presence of the visceral portion in whole squid samples. Cd concentrations varied in relation to age and sex of squid, indicating that several physiological factors may influence accumulation. Furthermore, canning of squid substantially enhanced Cd levels. Cd concentration ranged 0.17-0.67 mg kg(-1) in canned mantle tissue and 0.86-2.07 mg kg(-1) in canned whole squid samples, due to both concentration after canning and movement of the metal between different tissues. Several biological compounds, including metallothioneins, nucleic acids and enzymes, may affect Cd concentrations in commercial fishery products.

Effect of dietary cadmium on iron metabolism in growing rats.

PubMed

Crowe, A; Morgan, E H

1997-07-01

Little is known regarding the interactions between iron and cadmium during postnatal development. This study examined the effect of altered levels of dietary iron and cadmium loading on the distribution of cadmium and iron in developing rats ages 15, 21, and 63 days. The uptake of iron, transferrin, and cadmium into various organs was also examined using 59Fe, [125I]transferrin, and 109Cd. Dietary cadmium loading reduced packed cell volume and plasma iron and nonheme iron levels in the liver and kidneys, evidence of the inducement of an iron deficient state. Dietary iron loading was able to reverse these effects, suggesting that they were the result of impaired intestinal absorption of iron. Cadmium loading resulted in cadmium concentrations in the liver and kidneys up to 20 microg/g in rats age 63 days, while cadmium levels in the brain reached only 0.16 microg/g, indicating that the blood-brain barrier restricts the entry of cadmium into the brain. Iron loading had little effect on cadmium levels in the organs and cadmium feeding did not lower tissue iron levels in iron loaded animals. These results suggest that cadmium inhibits iron absorption only at low to normal levels of dietary iron and that at high levels of intake iron and cadmium are largely absorbed by other, noncompetitive mechanisms. It was shown that 109Cd is removed from the plasma extremely quickly irrespective of iron status and deposits mainly in the liver. One of the most striking effects of cadmium loading on iron metabolism was increased uptake of [125I]transferrin by the heart, possibly by disrupting the process of receptor-mediated endocytosis and recycling of transferrin by heart muscle.

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

46 CFR 171.118 - Automatic ventilators and side ports.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 46 Shipping 7 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Automatic ventilators and side ports. 171.118 Section... SPECIAL RULES PERTAINING TO VESSELS CARRYING PASSENGERS Openings in the Side of a Vessel Below the Bulkhead or Weather Deck § 171.118 Automatic ventilators and side ports. (a) An automatic ventilator must...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.4 - Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention measures. 118.4 Section 118.4 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... equivalent standard; (2) Environmental testing. (i) The pullet environment is tested for SE when pullets are...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

21 CFR 118.1 - Persons covered by the requirements in this part.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... a treatment as defined in § 118.3, you must comply only with the refrigeration requirements in § 118... with the refrigeration requirements in § 118.4(e). This section applies only to eggs from farms with 3...

Effect of glutathione on the cadmium chelation of EDTA in a patient with cadmium intoxication.

PubMed

Gil, Hyo-wook; Kang, Eun-jung; Lee, Kwon-hyun; Yang, Jong-oh; Lee, Eun-young; Hong, Sae-yong

2011-01-01

In order to evaluate the efficiency and renal protective effects of glutathione during Ca(++)-EDTA chelation therapy for chronic cadmium intoxication, we measured the renal excretion of cadmium, β(2)-microglobulin, proteinuria, and hematuria during intravenous administration of glutathione with Ca(++)-EDTA in a 54-year-old patient with chronic cadmium intoxication. We administered 500 mg of Ca(++)-EDTA and 50 mg/kg of glutathione alone or in 1 L of normal saline over the next 24 hours and repeated this over 12 consecutive days. During the first 3 days, the basal levels (only saline administration) were determined; during the second 3 days, Ca(++)-EDTA only was administered, for the third sequence of 3 days, Ca(++)-EDTA with glutathione was provided, and for the last 3 days, glutathione alone was given. One month later, the same protocol was repeated. There were six blood and urine samples to analyze in each group. The blood cadmium level was higher when the EDTA was infused together with glutathione (7.44 ± 0.73 µg/L, p < 0.01) compared to the basal level of 4.6 ± 0.44 µg/L. Also, the renal cadmium excretion was significantly higher in the EDTA with glutathione group than in the basal group (23.4 ± 15.81 µg/g creatinine vs 89.23 ± 58.52 µg/g creatinine, p < 0.01). There was no difference in the protein/creatinine and β(2)-microglobulin/creatinine ratio in the urine (p > 0.05) among the groups. Furthermore, microhematuria and proteinuria did not develop over the observation period of 6 months. These results suggest that glutathione administration with EDTA might be an effective treatment modality for patients with cadmium intoxication.

33 CFR 118.5 - Penalty for failure to maintain.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... States who fails or refuses to maintain such lights and other signals, or to obey any of the lawful rules... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Penalty for failure to maintain. 118.5 Section 118.5 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY...

32 CFR 536.118 - Related statutes for maritime claims.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 32 National Defense 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 true Related statutes for maritime claims. 536.118... ACCOUNTS CLAIMS AGAINST THE UNITED STATES Maritime Claims § 536.118 Related statutes for maritime claims... under the AMCSA is not mandatory for causes of action as it is for the SIAA or PVA. (b) Similar maritime...

Non-gassing nickel-cadmium battery electrodes and cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Luksha, E.; Gordy, D. J.

1972-01-01

The concept of a negative limited nongassing nickel-cadmium battery was demonstrated by constructing and testing practical size experimental cells of approximately 25 Ah capacity. These batteries operated in a gas-free manner and had measured energy densities of 10-11 Wh/lb. Thirty cells were constructed for extensive testing. Some small cells were tested for over 200 cycles at 100% depth. For example, a small cell with an electrodeposited cadmium active mass on a silver screen still had 55% of its theoretical capacity (initial efficiency was 85%). There was no evidence of deterioration of gassing properties with cycling of the nickel electrodes. The charge temperature was observed to be the most critical variable governing nickel electrode gassing. This variable was shown to be age dependent. Four types of cadmium electrodes were tested: an electrodeposited cadmium active mass on a cadmium or silver substrate, a porous sintered silver substrate based electrode, and a Teflon bonded pressed cadmium electrode. The electrodeposited cadmium mass on a silver screen was found to be the best all-around electrode from a performance point of view and from the point of view of manufacturing them in a size required for a 25 Ah size battery.

Improved ethanol production in the presence of cadmium ions by a Saccharomyces cerevisiae transformed with a novel cadmium-resistance gene DvCRP1.

PubMed

Hu, Jiajun; Xu, Qingyun; Wu, Mengnan; Meng, Xiangzong; Song, Rentao; Gao, Mintian

2016-11-01

The DvCRP1 gene obtained from Dunaliella viridis is a cadmium-resistance gene that induces cadmium accumulation in microbial and plant cells. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae was used as a model system to investigate the effect of DvCRP1 on both cadmium detoxification and ethanol production. Inhibitory effects of cadmium (50-300 µmol/L) on growth (29-92%), glucose consumption (23-89%), and ethanol production (17-92%) were observed at 24 h by S. cerevisiae. DvCRP1 alleviated the inhibitory effect of cadmium, with increase in the ethanol production. The established mathematical model showed that the initial inoculation concentration, cadmium concentration, and transformation of DvCRP1 were the most important factors for cell growth, glucose consumption, and ethanol production. Cadmium detoxification of yeast was also enhanced by increasing the initial concentration of yeast cells. Transforming with DvCRP1 further enhanced detoxification, especially at high cadmium concentrations. Transforming with DvCRP1 further enhanced detoxification, especially at high cadmium concentrations (200 µmol/L). The present results evidenced the potential of the insertion of the DvCRP1 gene into yeast for use in bio-refineries during fermentation of heavy metals-contaminated substrates. In addition, this is a promising method for phytoremediation of agricultural soils highly contaminated by heavy metals.

41 CFR 102-118.30 - Are Government corporations bound by this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Are Government corporations bound by this part? 102-118.30 Section 102-118.30 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118...

41 CFR 102-118.5 - What is the purpose of this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What is the purpose of this part? 102-118.5 Section 102-118.5 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION...

41 CFR 102-118.545 - What information must a TSP claim include?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false What information must a TSP claim include? 102-118.545 Section 102-118.545 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118...

Blood cadmium by race/hispanic origin: The role of smoking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aoki, Yutaka, E-mail: yaoki@cdc.gov

Background: There have been increasing concerns over health effects of low level exposure to cadmium, especially those on bones and kidneys. Objective: To explore how age-adjusted geometric means of blood cadmium in adults varied by race/Hispanic origin, sex, and smoking status among U.S. adults and the extent to which the difference in blood cadmium by race/Hispanic origin and sex may be explained by intensity of smoking, a known major source of cadmium exposure. Methods: Our sample included 7,368 adults from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011–2014. With direct age adjustment, geometric means of blood cadmium and number ofmore » cigarettes smoked per day were estimated for subgroups defined by race/Hispanic origin, smoking status, and sex using interval regression, which allows mean estimation in the presence of left- and right-censoring. Results: Among never and former smoking men and women, blood cadmium tended to be higher for non-Hispanic Asian adults than adults of other race/Hispanic origin. Among current smokers, who generally had higher blood cadmium than never and former smokers, non-Hispanic white, black, and Asian adults had similarly elevated blood cadmium compared to Hispanic adults. A separate analysis revealed that non-Hispanic white adults tended to have the highest smoking intensity regardless of sex, than adults of the other race/Hispanic origin groups. Conclusions: The observed pattern provided evidence for smoking as a major source of cadmium exposure, yet factors other than smoking also appeared to contribute to higher blood cadmium of non-Hispanic Asian adults. - Highlights: • Among never and former smoking adults, Asians have the highest blood cadmium. • White adults tend to have the highest smoking intensity, but not blood cadmium. • Women overall have higher levels of blood cadmium than men regardless of smoking. • Non-smoking sources of exposure likely contribute to Asians’ higher blood cadmium.« less

34 CFR 75.118 - Requirements for a continuation award.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... number 1875-0102) (Authority: 20 U.S.C. 1221e-3(a)(1) and 3474) Cross Reference: See § 75.117 Information... 34 Education 1 2014-07-01 2014-07-01 false Requirements for a continuation award. 75.118 Section 75.118 Education Office of the Secretary, Department of Education DIRECT GRANT PROGRAMS How To Apply...

Cadmium content in rice and its daily intake in various countries

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rivai, Ida Farida; Koyama, Hiroshi; Suzuki, Shosuke

Man ingests cadmium daily from foods and beverages. The major source of cadmium intake is rice for rice eating countries. Cadmium in rice comes from soil via rice plant roots. Rice may thus be the best indicator for the environmental monitoring of cadmium especially in rice eating countries. It is also easy to sample, transport and conserve. Several recent surveys on cadmium content in rice and daily cadmium intake have been reported. However, little data are available on geographical differences in daily cadmium intake from rice. The tolerable weekly intake for cadmium as proposed by FAO/WHO is 400-500 micrograms/person ormore » 57-71 micrograms/day/person weighing 70 kg. Ninety two percent of world rice production is from the Asia-Pacific region, from which samples were obtained for the present study. The following countries were included: India, China, Bangladesh, Thailand, Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, and Korea. This study was conducted to determine cadmium content in rice from the above countries and based on the data obtained, daily cadmium intake from rice and the total daily cadmium intake were calculated.« less

40 CFR 265.118 - Post-closure plan; amendment of plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... the wastes, application of advanced technology, or alternative disposal, treatment, or re-use.... 265.118 Section 265.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED) SOLID WASTES (CONTINUED) INTERIM STATUS STANDARDS FOR OWNERS AND OPERATORS OF HAZARDOUS WASTE TREATMENT...

Cadmium in tobacco and its fate during smoking

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Petering, H.G.; Menden, E.E.; Michael, L.W.

Using a smoking machine, reference cigarettes, a commercial brand of nonfilter 85-millimeter cigarettes, a medium-priced cigar, and a popular brand of pipe tobacco, both wet-ashing and dry-ashing procedures were carried out to determine the cadmium content to which smokers were being exposed. Cigarettes varied from 1.31 to 1.28 micrograms (microg) of cadmium per cigarette, which corresponded to 1.17 to 1.62 microg per gram (g) of cigarette. For cigar tobacco a total of 1.86 microg/g was found and in pipe tobacco the content was 0.93 microg/g. Only 6 to 7% of the cadmium in the smoked portion of the cigarette appearedmore » in the tar, while the unsmoked butts were enriched with 10 to 27% of the cadmium of the smoked portions. The authors suggest that the remaining cadmium, 50 to 55%, is lost in the sidestream during smoking and between puffs. This indicated that not only is the one smoking at risk from cadmium exposure, but so are the others present in the vicinity.« less

Phosphorylation of histone H3(T118) alters nucleosome dynamics and remodeling

PubMed Central

North, Justin A.; Javaid, Sarah; Ferdinand, Michelle B.; Chatterjee, Nilanjana; Picking, Jonathan W.; Shoffner, Matthew; Nakkula, Robin J.; Bartholomew, Blaine; Ottesen, Jennifer J.; Fishel, Richard; Poirier, Michael G.

2011-01-01

Nucleosomes, the fundamental units of chromatin structure, are regulators and barriers to transcription, replication and repair. Post-translational modifications (PTMs) of the histone proteins within nucleosomes regulate these DNA processes. Histone H3(T118) is a site of phosphorylation [H3(T118ph)] and is implicated in regulation of transcription and DNA repair. We prepared H3(T118ph) by expressed protein ligation and determined its influence on nucleosome dynamics. We find H3(T118ph) reduces DNA–histone binding by 2 kcal/mol, increases nucleosome mobility by 28-fold and increases DNA accessibility near the dyad region by 6-fold. Moreover, H3(T118ph) increases the rate of hMSH2–hMSH6 nucleosome disassembly and enables nucleosome disassembly by the SWI/SNF chromatin remodeler. These studies suggest that H3(T118ph) directly enhances and may reprogram chromatin remodeling reactions. PMID:21576235

Synthesis and Characterization of Mercaptoacetic Acid Capped Cadmium Sulphide Quantum Dots.

PubMed

Wageh, S; Maize, Mai; Donia, A M; Al-Ghamdi, Ahmed A; Umar, Ahmad

2015-12-01

This paper reports the facile synthesis and detailed characterization of mercaptoacetic acid capped cadmium sulphide (CdS) quantum dots using various cadmium precursors. The mercaptoacetic acid capped CdS quantum dots were prepared by facile and simple wet chemical method and characterized by several techniques such as energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, UV-vis. spectroscopy, photoluminescence spectroscopy, high-resolution transmission microscopy (HRTEM) and thremogravimetric analysis. The EDS studies revealed that the prepared quantum dots possess higher atomic percentage of sulfur compared to cadmium due to the coordination of thiolate to the quantum dots surfaces. The X-ray and absorption analyses exhibited that the size of quantum dots prepared by cadmium acetate is larger than the quantum dots prepared by cadmium chloride and cadmium nitrate. The increase in size can be attributed to the low stability constant of cadmium acetate in comparison with cadmium chloride and cadmium nitrate. The FTIR and thermogravimetric analysis showed that the nature of capping molecule on the surface of quantum dots are different depending on the cadmium precursors which affect the emission from CdS quantum dots. Photoemission spectroscopy revealed that the emission of quantum dots prepared by cadmium acetate has high intensity band edge emission along with low intensity trapping state emission. However the CdS quantum dots prepared by cadmium chloride and cadmium nitrate produced only trapping state emissions.

A cadmium-sensitive, glutathione-deficient mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana.

PubMed Central

Howden, R; Andersen, C R; Goldsbrough, P B; Cobbett, C S

1995-01-01

The roots of the cadmium-sensitive mutant of Arabidopsis thaliana, cad1-1, become brown in the presence of cadmium. A new cadmium-sensitive mutant affected at a second locus, cad2, has been identified using this phenotype. Genetic analysis has grown that the sensitive phenotype is recessive to the wild type and segregates as a single Mendelian locus. Assays of cadmium accumulation by intact plants indicated that the mutant is deficient in its ability to sequester cadmium. Undifferentiated callus tissue was also cadmium sensitive, suggesting that the mutant phenotype is expressed at the cellular level. The level of cadmium-binding complexes formed in vivo was decreased compared with the wild type and accumulation of phytochelatins was about 10% of that in the wild type. The level of glutathione, the substrate for phytochelatin biosynthesis, in tissues of the mutant was decreased to about 15 to 30% of that in the wild type. Thus, the deficiency in phytochelatin biosynthesis can be explained by a deficiency in glutathione. PMID:7770518

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

At Walt Disney World in Orlando, the crew members of space shuttle mission STS-118 answer questions from the student audience during a special event to honor the Endeavour crew. Seated from left are Mission Specialists Alvin Drew, Barbara R. Morgan, Dave Williams, Rick Mastracchio and Tracy Caldwell; Pilot Charlie Hobaugh; and Commander Scott Kelly. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and a parade down Main Street. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

Members of the space shuttle mission STS-118 crew march down Main Street at Walt Disney World in Orlando. From left are Mission Specialists Alvin Drew, Barbara R. Morgan and Dave Williams, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh, Mission Specialist Tracy Caldwell and Commander Scott Kelly. Not pictured but present is Mission Specialist Rick Mastracchio. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. Other activities included meeting with the media and students. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

Cadmium (II) removal mechanisms in microbial electrolysis cells.

PubMed

Colantonio, Natalie; Kim, Younggy

2016-07-05

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal, causing serious environmental and human health problems. Conventional methods for removing cadmium from wastewater are expensive and inefficient for low concentrations. Microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) can simultaneously treat wastewater, produce hydrogen gas, and remove heavy metals with low energy requirements. Lab-scale MECs were operated to remove cadmium under various electric conditions: applied voltages of 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0 V; and a fixed cathode potential of -1.0 V vs. Ag/AgCl. Regardless of the electric condition, rapid removal of cadmium was demonstrated (50-67% in 24 h); however, cadmium concentration in solution increased after the electric current dropped with depleted organic substrate under applied voltage conditions. For the fixed cathode potential, the electric current was maintained even after substrate depletion and thus cadmium concentration did not increase. These results can be explained by three different removal mechanisms: cathodic reduction; Cd(OH)2 precipitation; and CdCO3 precipitation. When the current decreased with depleted substrates, local pH at the cathode was no longer high due to slowed hydrogen evolution reaction (2H(+)+2e(-)→H2); thus, the precipitated Cd(OH)2 and CdCO3 started dissolving. To prevent their dissolution, sufficient organic substrates should be provided when MECs are used for cadmium removal. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Mechanism for accommodation to cadmium exposure in Escherichia coli B

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kitchen, J.R. Jr.

1989-01-01

All organisms possess, to varying degrees, the ability to adapt to changes in their environment. The extent of this capability can be the determining factor in whether or not an organism survives. The adaptation of the enteric microorganism, Escherichia coli, to the heavy metal cadmium is not the result of a beneficial mutation, and has been termed accommodation. A protein was found that binds to, and appears to be induced by cadmium. The work presented in this thesis is directed at (1) determining the mechanism of accommodation of E.coli to cadmium, and (2) determining the potential role of a putativemore » cadmium binding-protein in accomplishing this accommodation. The presence of three chemically related cadmium-binding proteins, possessing molecular weights of 150,000, 67,000, and 38,000, respectively, was demonstrated. The cadmium-protein bond in the 150 and 67 kDa proteins was stable when boiled in sodium dodecyl sulfate, but was lost in the presence of reducing agents. Evidence was obtained which supported the assertion that the lower molecular weight cadmium-binding proteins were proteolytic or oxidative breakdown products of the larger cadmium-binding proteins. The loss of cadmium-binding activity was time dependent, and appeared to be accelerated by the presence of high salt. To determine if the process of accommodation involved the sequestration of cadmium in the outer cell surface, subcellular fractionation experiments were performed under a variety of post-exposure conditions. The possibility that the cell surface was rendered impermeable to cadmium ions during its recovery was also examined. Neither of these processes was found to be involved in the accommodative response. Indeed, the results of these studies support the concept that E.coli circumvents the presence of internal cadmium by converting it to a form that is no longer toxic to the cell.« less

Cadmium exposure induces hematuria in Korean adults

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Han, Seung Seok; Kim, Myounghee, E-mail: dkkim73@gmail.com; Lee, Su Mi

2013-07-15

Introduction: Toxic heavy metals have adverse effects on human health. However, the risk of hematuria caused by heavy metal exposure has not been evaluated. Methods: Data from 4701 Korean adults were obtained in the Korean National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (2008–2010). Blood levels of the toxic heavy metals cadmium, lead, and mercury were measured. Hematuria was defined as a result of ≥+1 on a urine dipstick test. The odds ratios (ORs) for hematuria were measured according to the blood heavy metal levels after adjusting for multiple variables. Results: Individuals with blood cadmium levels in the 3rd and 4th quartilesmore » had a greater OR for hematuria than those in the 1st quartile group: 3rd quartile, 1.35 (1.019–1.777; P=0.037); 4th quartile, 1.52 (1.140–2.017; P=0.004). When blood cadmium was considered as a log-transformed continuous variable, the correlation between blood cadmium and hematuria was significant: OR, 1.97 (1.224–3.160; P{sub trend}=0.005). In contrast, no significant correlations between hematuria and blood lead or mercury were found in the multivariate analyses. Discussion: The present study shows that high cadmium exposure is associated with a risk of hematuria. -- Highlights: • A high level of blood cadmium is associated with a high risk of hematuria. • This correlation is independent of several confounding factors. • Blood levels of lead and mercury are not associated with risk of hematuria. • This is the first study on the correlation between cadmium exposure and hematuria risk.« less

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

21 CFR 118.9 - Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.9 Section 118.9 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND... EGGS § 118.9 Administration of the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. You must have one or...

42 CFR 422.118 - Confidentiality and accuracy of enrollee records.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... 42 Public Health 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Confidentiality and accuracy of enrollee records. 422.118 Section 422.118 Public Health CENTERS FOR MEDICARE & MEDICAID SERVICES, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) MEDICARE PROGRAM MEDICARE ADVANTAGE PROGRAM Benefits and Beneficiary...

High-risk occupations for women exposed to cadmium.

PubMed

Freeman, C S

1994-08-01

Occupational exposures to cadmium are associated with increased risk of lung cancer and renal disease. The Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) published two standards for cadmium on September 14, 1992 that reduced the permissible occupational exposure limit. In the cadmium industry, women were less likely to be exposed to high levels of cadmium and more likely to hold job titles containing the word "hand" than were men. Only small numbers of female workers were exposed to any level of cadmium. OSHA's risk assessment relied, in part, on morbidity and mortality data from male workers and in part on rodent (animal) data from both sexes. OSHA did not evaluate illness rates specific to female workers. Several factors may alter the risk of these illnesses and their sequelae among workers, including differences in smoking, route of exposures, ability to wear personal protective equipment, and lifestyle.

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

21 CFR 118.7 - Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.7 Section 118.7 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....7 Sampling methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental sampling. An environmental...

18 CFR 401.118 - Disclosure in administrative or court proceedings.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 18 Conservation of Power and Water Resources 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Disclosure in administrative or court proceedings. 401.118 Section 401.118 Conservation of Power and Water Resources DELAWARE RIVER BASIN COMMISSION ADMINISTRATIVE MANUAL RULES OF PRACTICE AND PROCEDURE Public Access to Records...

Effectiveness of maifanite in reducing the detrimental effects of cadmium on growth performance, cadmium residue, hematological parameters, serum biochemistry, and the activities of antioxidant enzymes in pigs.

PubMed

Du, J; Cheng, S Y; Hou, W X; Shi, B M; Shan, A S

2013-10-01

This study was conducted to investigate the toxicity of cadmium and to evaluate the effectiveness of maifanite in preventing cadmium-induced adverse effects. Thirty-two crossbred pigs (Duroc × Landrace × Large white, sex balanced, 17.25 ± 0.07 kg average body weight) were randomly allotted to one of four dietary treatments in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement, with eight replicates per treatment and one pig per replicate. The dietary treatments included two cadmium (as CdCl2) doses (0.32 and 30.49 mg/kg) and two maifanite doses (0 and 1%). The results showed that pigs treated with cadmium decreased their average daily feed intake (P < 0.05) and increased (P < 0.05) the feed/gain ratio. Cadmium was found in the tissues of pigs that were fed with cadmium-contaminated diets, but the level of cadmium was much lower when maifanite was added to the cadmium-contaminated diets. Ingestion of diets that were artificially contaminated with cadmium (30.49 mg/kg of cadmium) reduced (P < 0.05) the number of lymphocytes, the total erythrocyte count, the hemoglobin level, and the hematocrit. However, the activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase and gamma glutamyltransferase were increased (P < 0.05). The total protein level was lower (P < 0.05) in pigs fed with cadmium-contaminated diets. The contents of malondialdehyde increased (P < 0.05), while the total antioxidant capacity and the activities of total superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase decreased (P < 0.05) in pigs fed with cadmium-contaminated diets. Dietary addition of maifanite can, to some extent, prevent the negative effects associated with feeding cadmium diets (30.49 mg/kg of cadmium) to pigs.

Cd-Resistant Strains of B. cereus S5 with Endurance Capacity and Their Capacities for Cadmium Removal from Cadmium-Polluted Water

PubMed Central

Wu, Huiqing; Wu, Qingping; Wu, Guojie; Gu, Qihui; Wei, Linting

2016-01-01

The goal of this study was to identify Cd-resistant bacterial strains with endurance capacity and to evaluate their ability to remove cadmium ions from cadmium-polluted water. The Bacillus cereusS5 strain identified in this study had the closest genetic relationship with B. cereus sp. Cp1 and performed well in the removal of Cd2+ions from solution. The results showed that both the live and dead biomasses of the Cd2+-tolerant B. cereus S5 strain could absorb Cd2+ ions in solution but that the live biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain outperformed the dead biomass at lower Cd2+concentrations. An analysis of the cadmium tolerance genes of B. cereus S5 identified ATPase genes that were associated with cadmium tolerance and involved in the ATP pumping mechanism. The FTIR spectra revealed the presence of amino, carboxyl and hydroxyl groups on the pristine biomass and indicated that the cadmium ion removal ability was related to the structure of the strain. The maximum absorption capacity of the B. cereus S5 strain in viable spore biomass was 70.16 mg/g (dry weight) based on a pseudo-second-order kinetic model fit to the experimental data. The Langmuir and Langmuir-Freundlich isotherm adsorption models fit the cadmium ion adsorption data well, and the kinetic curves indicated that the adsorption rate was second-order. For Cd2+ concentrations (mg/L) of 1–109 mg/L, good removal efficiency (>80%) was achieved using approximately 3.48–10.3 g/L of active spore biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain. A cadmium-tolerant bacteria-activated carbon-immobilized column could be used for a longer duration and exhibited greater treatment efficacy than the control column in the treatment of cadmium-polluted water. In addition, a toxicity assessment using mice demonstrated that the biomass of the B. cereus S5 strain and its fermentation products were non-toxic. Thus, the isolated B. cereus S5 strain can be considered an alternative biological adsorbent for use in emergency responses to

41 CFR 102-118.270 - Must my agency establish a prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a prepayment audit program? 102-118.270 Section 102-118.270 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.410 - Can GSA suspend my agency's prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency's prepayment audit program? 102-118.410 Section 102-118.410 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Suspension of...

Cadmium toxicity among wildlife in the Colorado Rocky Mountains

USGS Publications Warehouse

Larison, J.R.; Likens, G.E.; Fitzpatrick, J.W.; Crock, J.G.

2000-01-01

Cadmium is known to be both extremely toxic and ubiquitous in natural environments. It occurs in almost all soils, surface waters and plants, and it is readily mobilized by human activities such as mining. As a result, cadmium has been named as a potential health threat to wildlife species; however, because it exists most commonly in the environment as a trace constituent, reported incidences of cadmium toxicity are rare. Here we have measured trace metals in the food web and tissues of white-tailed ptarmigan (Lagopus leucurus) in Colorado. Our results suggest that cadmium toxicity may be more common among natural populations of vertebrates than has been appreciated to date and that cadmium toxicity may often go undetected or unrecognized. In addition, our research shows that ingestion of even trace quantities of cadmium can influence not only the physiology and health of individual organisms, but also the demographics and the distribution of species.

Sources of Cadmium Exposure Among Healthy Premenopausal Women

PubMed Central

Adams, Scott V.; Newcomb, Polly A.; Shafer, Martin M.; Atkinson, Charlotte; Aiello Bowles, Erin J.; Newton, Katherine M.; Lampe, Johanna W.

2011-01-01

Background Cadmium, a persistent and widespread environmental pollutant, has been associated with kidney function impairment and several diseases. Cigarettes are the dominant source of cadmium exposure among smokers; the primary source of cadmium in non-smokers is food. We investigated sources of cadmium exposure in a sample of healthy women. Methods In a cross-sectional study, 191 premenopausal women completed a health questionnaire and a food frequency questionnaire. The cadmium content of spot urine samples was measured with inductively-coupled plasma mass spectrometry and normalized to urine creatinine content. Multivariable linear regression was used to estimate the strength of association between smoking habits and, among non-smokers, usual foods consumed and urinary cadmium, adjusted for age, race, multivitamin and supplement use, education, estimated total energy intake, and parity. Results Geometric mean urine creatinine-normalized cadmium concentration (uCd) of women with any history of cigarette smoking was 0.43 μg/g (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.38–0.48 μg/g) and 0.30 μg/g (0.27–0.33 μg/g) among never-smokers, and increased with pack-years of smoking. Analysis of dietary data among women with no reported history of smoking suggested that regular consumption of eggs, hot cereals, organ meats, tofu, vegetable soups, leafy greens, green salad, and yams was associated with uCd. Consumption of tofu products showed the most robust association with uCd; each weekly serving of tofu was associated with a 22% (95% CI: 11–33%) increase in uCd. Thus, uCd was estimated to be 0.11 μg/g (95% CI: 0.06 – 0.15 μg/g ) higher among women who consumed any tofu than among those who consumed none. Conclusions Cigarette smoking is likely the most important source of cadmium exposure among smokers. Among non-smokers, consumption of specific foods, notably tofu, is associated with increased urine cadmium concentration. PMID:21333327

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

21 CFR 118.5 - Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). 118.5 Section 118.5 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN....5 Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE). (a) Environmental testing when laying hens...

37 CFR 1.18 - Patent post allowance (including issue) fees.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... entity $1,190.00 (d) Publication fee $300.00. (e) For filing an application for patent term adjustment... (including issue) fees. 1.18 Section 1.18 Patents, Trademarks, and Copyrights UNITED STATES PATENT AND TRADEMARK OFFICE, DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE GENERAL RULES OF PRACTICE IN PATENT CASES General Provisions Fees...

View of Crewmembers in the SM during STS-118/Expedition 15 Farewell Ceremony

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-18

S118-E-09187 (18 Aug. 2007) --- The STS-118 and Expedition 15 crews gather for a farewell ceremony in the Zvezda Service Module of the International Space Station. Pictured are astronauts Barbara R. Morgan (foreground), Tracy Caldwell (left) and Rick Mastracchio, all STS-118 mission specialists; along with Scott Kelly (right), STS-118 commander. Hatches were closed between the station and Space Shuttle Endeavour at 4:10 p.m. on Aug. 18.

Oxidant and antioxidant status of cadmium administered rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Toplan, S.; Ozcelik, D.; Dariyerli, N.; Akyolcu, M. C.

2003-05-01

Cadmium is one of the industrial elements that lead environmental pollution. Biological half-life of cadmium is relatively longer, so its clearance from tissue is considerably long. In present study, oxidant stress and antioxidant defense mechanism due to exposure to cadmium in rats wanted to be investigated. For such a purpose adult female wistar albino rats were divided into two as control and experimental groups. During experimental period while both group animals were fed by standard fodder, cadmium added (20 μg Cd/ml as cadmium sulfate) drinking water was given to experimental group for four weeks. At the end of four weeks blood samples were drawn from animals under ether anesthesia. As a Last product of lipid peroxidation malondialdehyde (MDA) level, superoxide dismutas (SOD) activity which is sign of antioxidant defense enzyme activity and glutathione levels (GSH) were measured. Increase in lipid peroxidation has been observed by increased MDA levels in experimental group (p<0.001). SOD enzyme activity was also found to be significantly lower in experimental group (p<0.001). Glutathione level of experimental group found to be decreased according to control group values (p<0.01). As a result of present study it may be concluded that cadmium may lead to increase in lipid peroxidation. On the other hand SOD activity and glutathione levels may also be decreased by effect of cadmium in erythrocytes. So the resultant would be the disturbed antioxidant mechanism

The cadmium electrode: Review of the status of research

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gross, S.; Glockling, R. J.

1976-01-01

Investigations characterizing the negative cadmium electrode used in a nickel cadmium battery cell are summarized with citations to references where more detailed information is available. Emphasis is placed on data pertinent to aerospace applications. An evaluation of some of the published results of cadmium electrode research is included.

STS-118/Expedition 15 Crewmembers greet one another after Hatch Opening

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-10

S118-E-06097 (10 Aug. 2007) --- Barbara R. Morgan, STS-118 mission specialist, participates in what looks like a photographers' convention in the Destiny lab onboard the International Space Station. Her two "fellow delegates" are astronaut Alvin Drew (center), STS-118 mission specialist, and astronaut Clay Anderson, Expedition 15 flight engineer. The photo was taken not long after the hatches were open on the orbital outpost, an action that allowed the station's population to surge from three to ten in short order.

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

21 CFR 118.8 - Testing methodology for Salmonella Enteritidis (SE).

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

...). 118.8 Section 118.8 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Nutrition, Food and Drug Administration, 5100 Paint Branch Pkwy., College Park, MD 20740, 301-436-2364, or you may examine a copy at the Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition's Library, 5100 Paint...

View of STS-118 MS Morgan in the SPACEHAB

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-08-17

S118-E-07765 (17 Aug. 2007) --- Astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, mission specialist, finds herself surrounded by supplies in SPACEHAB, located in the cargo bay of the Space Shuttle Endeavour. Supply transfer was one of the main activities on the agenda Aug. 17 for the STS-118 crewmembers, who learned their anticipated departure from the International Space Station will come a day earlier due to possible weather issues back home.

The effects of low environmental cadmium exposure on bone density

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trzcinka-Ochocka, M., E-mail: ochocka@imp.lodz.pl; Jakubowski, M.; Szymczak, W.

2010-04-15

Recent epidemiological data indicate that low environmental exposure to cadmium, as shown by cadmium body burden (Cd-U), is associated with renal dysfunction as well as an increased risk of cadmium-induced bone disorders. The present study was designed to assess the effects of low environmental cadmium exposure, at the level sufficient to induce kidney damage, on bone metabolism and mineral density (BMD). The project was conducted in the area contaminated with cadmium, nearby a zinc smelter located in the region of Poland where heavy industry prevails. The study population comprised 170 women (mean age=39.7; 18-70 years) and 100 men (mean age=31.9;more » 18-76 years). Urinary and blood cadmium and the markers of renal tubular dysfunction ({beta}{sub 2}M-U RBP, NAG), glomerular dysfunction (Alb-U and {beta}{sub 2}M-S) and bone metabolism markers (BAP-S, CTX-S) as well as forearm BMD, were measured. The results of this study based on simple dose-effect analysis showed the relationship between increasing cadmium concentrations and an increased excretion of renal dysfunction markers and decreasing bone density. However, the results of the multivariate analysis did not indicate the association between exposure to cadmium and decrease in bone density. They showed that the most important factors that have impact on bone density are body weight and age in the female subjects and body weight and calcium excretion in males. Our investigation revealed that the excretion of low molecular weight proteins occurred at a lower level of cadmium exposure than the possible loss of bone mass. It seems that renal tubular markers are the most sensitive and significant indicators of early health effects of cadmium intoxication in the general population. The correlation of urinary cadmium concentration with markers of kidney dysfunction was observed in the absence of significant correlations with bone effects. Our findings did not indicate any effects of environmental cadmium exposure

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

7 CFR 4280.118 - Insurance requirements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... RURAL UTILITIES SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE LOANS AND GRANTS Rural Energy for America Program General Renewable Energy System and Energy Efficiency Improvement Grants § 4280.118 Insurance requirements... is required except for projects with total eligible project costs of $200,000 or less. ...

STS-118 Space Shuttle Crew Honored

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-10

NASA's Kennedy Space Center Education Specialists Linda Scauzillo and Christopher Blair take part in a special education session with local students at Epcot's Base21 Siemens VIP Center. The event was part of the day's activities honoring the space shuttle Endeavour crew of mission STS-118. The crew met with the media and paraded down Main Street. The event also honored teacher-turned-astronaut Barbara R. Morgan, who dedicated a plaque outside the Mission: Space attraction. The other crew members attending were Commander Scott Kelly, Pilot Charlie Hobaugh and Mission Specialists Tracy Caldwell, Dave Williams, Rick Mastracchio and Alvin Drew. Mission STS-118 was the 119th shuttle program flight and the 22nd flight to the International Space Station. Space shuttle Endeavour launched from NASA's Kennedy Space Center on Aug. 8 and landed Aug. 21. The mission delivered the S5 truss, continuing the assembly of the space station.

Inhibition of autophagy prevents cadmium-induced prostate carcinogenesis.

PubMed

Pal, Deeksha; Suman, Suman; Kolluru, Venkatesh; Sears, Sophia; Das, Trinath P; Alatassi, Houda; Ankem, Murali K; Freedman, Jonathan H; Damodaran, Chendil

2017-06-27

Cadmium, an established carcinogen, is a risk factor for prostate cancer. Induction of autophagy is a prerequisite for cadmium-induced transformation and metastasis. The ability of Psoralidin (Pso), a non-toxic, orally bioavailable compound to inhibit cadmium-induced autophagy to prevent prostate cancer was investigated. Psoralidin was studied using cadmium-transformed prostate epithelial cells (CTPE), which exhibit high proliferative, invasive and colony forming abilities. Gene and protein expression were evaluated by qPCR, western blot, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence. Xenograft models were used to study the chemopreventive effects in vivo. Cadmium-transformed prostate epithelial cells were treated with Pso resulting in growth inhibition, without causing toxicity to normal prostate epithelial cells (RWPE-1). Psoralidin-treatment of CTPE cells inhibited the expression of Placenta Specific 8, a lysosomal protein essential for autophagosome and autolysosome fusion, which resulted in growth inhibition. Additionally, Pso treatment caused decreased expression of pro-survival signalling proteins, NFκB and Bcl2, and increased expression of apoptotic genes. In vivo, Pso effectively suppressed CTPE xenografts growth, without any observable toxicity. Tumours from Pso-treated animals showed decreased autophagic morphology, mesenchymal markers expression and increased epithelial protein expression. These results confirm that inhibition of autophagy by Pso plays an important role in the chemoprevention of cadmium-induced prostate carcinogenesis.

An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China.

PubMed

Zhang, Weiwei; Liu, Yungang; Liu, Yufei; Liang, Boheng; Zhou, Hongwei; Li, Yingyue; Zhang, Yuhua; Huang, Jie; Yu, Chao; Chen, Kuncai

2018-03-20

Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary.

An Assessment of Dietary Exposure to Cadmium in Residents of Guangzhou, China

PubMed Central

Zhang, Weiwei; Liu, Yungang; Liu, Yufei; Liang, Boheng; Zhou, Hongwei; Li, Yingyue; Zhang, Yuhua; Huang, Jie; Yu, Chao; Chen, Kuncai

2018-01-01

Cadmium and its compounds are human carcinogens with severe organ toxicity, and their contamination of agricultural soil in China has been frequently reported; however, the dietary exposure to cadmium in residents and the relevant health risk have seldom been reported. In this study, the concentration of cadmium in various types of food collected from 2013 to 2015 were analyzed using graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry, and the dietary exposure to cadmium assessed based on a dietary survey in 2976 Guangzhou residents. In total, 3074 out of 4039 food samples had cadmium levels above the limit of detection. The mean ± standard deviation (50th, 95th percentile) cadmium content in all samples was 159.0 ± 112.7 (8.6, 392.4) μg/kg, with levels ranging from 1.0 to 7830 μg/kg. Using the mean cadmium concentrations, the average monthly dietary exposure of Guangzhou residents to cadmium was 14.4 (μg/kg body weight (BW), accounting for 57.6% of the provisional tolerable monthly intake (PTMI). Rice, laver, vegetables, and live aquatic products were the main sources of cadmium intake, on average accounting for 89% of the total value. The dietary cadmium exposure in high consumers (95th percentile food consumption) was 41.0 μg/kg·BW/month, accounting for 163% of the PTMI. Additionally, dietary cadmium exposure at mean consumption but high cadmium food concentration (95th percentile) was 32.3 μg/kg·BW/month, corresponding to 129% of the PTMI. The level of dietary exposure to cadmium in most Guangzhou residents was within the safety limit, thus increased health risk from dietary cadmium exposure is low at present. However, continued efforts by local governments to monitor the levels of cadmium in the four main food categories contributing to exposure are necessary. PMID:29558399

Renal and blood pressure effects from environmental cadmium exposure in Thai children

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Swaddiwudhipong, Witaya, E-mail: swaddi@hotmail.com; Mahasakpan, Pranee; Jeekeeree, Wanpen

Very few studies have shown renal and blood pressure effects from environmental cadmium exposure in children. This population study examined associations between urinary cadmium excretion, a good biomarker of long-term cadmium exposure, and renal dysfunctions and blood pressure in environmentally exposed Thai children. Renal functions including urinary excretion of β{sub 2}-microglobulin, calcium (early renal effects), and total protein (late renal effect), and blood pressure were measured in 594 primary school children. Of the children studied, 19.0% had urinary cadmium ≥1 μg/g creatinine. The prevalence of urinary cadmium ≥1 μg/g creatinine was significantly higher in girls and in those consuming ricemore » grown in cadmium-contaminated areas. The geometric mean levels of urinary β{sub 2}-microglobulin, calcium, and total protein significantly increased with increasing tertiles of urinary cadmium. The analysis did not show increased blood pressure with increasing tertiles of urinary cadmium. After adjusting for age, sex, and blood lead levels, the analysis showed significant positive associations between urinary cadmium and urinary β{sub 2}-microglobulin and urinary calcium, but not urinary total protein nor blood pressure. Our findings provide evidence that environmental cadmium exposure can affect renal functions in children. A follow-up study is essential to assess the clinical significance and progress of renal effects in these children. - Highlights: • Few studies show renal effects from environmental cadmium exposure in children. • We report renal and blood pressure effects from cadmium exposure in Thai children. • Urinary β{sub 2}-microglobulin and calcium increased with increasing urinary cadmium. • The study found no association between urinary cadmium levels and blood pressure. • Environmental cadmium exposure can affect renal functions in children.« less

Amorphous tin-cadmium oxide films and the production thereof

DOEpatents

Li, Xiaonan; Gessert, Timothy A

2013-10-29

A tin-cadmium oxide film having an amorphous structure and a ratio of tin atoms to cadmium atoms of between 1:1 and 3:1. The tin-cadmium oxide film may have an optical band gap of between 2.7 eV and 3.35 eV. The film may also have a charge carrier concentration of between 1.times.10.sup.20 cm.sup.-3 and 2.times.10.sup.20 cm.sup.-3. The tin cadmium oxide film may also exhibit a Hall mobility of between 40 cm.sup.2V.sup.-1 s.sup.-1 and 60 cm.sup.2V.sup.-1 s.sup.-1. Also disclosed is a method of producing an amorphous tin-cadmium oxide film as described and devices using same.

Cadmium inhibits acid secretion in stimulated frog gastric mucosa

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Gerbino, Andrea, E-mail: gerbino@biologia.uniba.i; Debellis, Lucantonio; Caroppo, Rosa

2010-06-01

Cadmium, a toxic environmental pollutant, affects the function of different organs such as lungs, liver and kidney. Less is known about its toxic effects on the gastric mucosa. The aim of this study was to investigate the mechanisms by which cadmium impacts on the physiology of gastric mucosa. To this end, intact amphibian mucosae were mounted in Ussing chambers and the rate of acid secretion, short circuit current (I{sub sc}), transepithelial potential (V{sub t}) and resistance (R{sub t}) were recorded in the continuous presence of cadmium. Addition of cadmium (20 {mu}M to 1 mM) on the serosal but not luminalmore » side of the mucosae resulted in inhibition of acid secretion and increase in NPPB-sensitive, chloride-dependent short circuit current. Remarkably, cadmium exerted its effects only on histamine-stimulated tissues. Experiments with TPEN, a cell-permeant chelator for heavy metals, showed that cadmium acts from the intracellular side of the acid secreting cells. Furthermore, cadmium-induced inhibition of acid secretion and increase in I{sub sc} cannot be explained by an action on: 1) H{sub 2} histamine receptor, 2) Ca{sup 2+} signalling 3) adenylyl cyclase or 4) carbonic anhydrase. Conversely, cadmium was ineffective in the presence of the H{sup +}/K{sup +}-ATPase blocker omeprazole suggesting that the two compounds likely act on the same target. Our findings suggest that cadmium affects the functionality of histamine-stimulated gastric mucosa by inhibiting the H{sup +}/K{sup +}-ATPase from the intracellular side. These data shed new light on the toxic effect of this dangerous environmental pollutant and may result in new avenues for therapeutic intervention in acute and chronic intoxication.« less

Environmental exposures to lead and cadmium measured in human placenta.

PubMed

Falcón, María; Viñas, Pilar; Osuna, Eduardo; Luna, Aurelio

2002-01-01

Pregnant women exposed to even low levels of environmental lead and cadmium may experience adverse perinatal effects. To evaluate the usefulness of the placenta for monitoring environmental lead and cadmium exposure, concentrations of both metals were measured in placentas (n = 86) with atomic absorption spectrometry. Environmental exposure was assessed in accordance with the degree of industrial activity and transport pollution near the places of residence. The authors found significantly higher lead and cadmium levels in placentas of women living in urban-industrial areas than in placentas of women living in rural areas. Lead concentrations in placenta reflect environmental exposures; smoking during gestation explained a large portion of placental cadmium. This finding suggests that when a pregnant woman is a heavy smoker, tobacco exposure masks environmental cadmium exposure, especially in areas with low levels of cadmium pollution.

41 CFR 102-118.435 - What procedures does GSA use to perform a postpayment audit?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... use to perform a postpayment audit? 102-118.435 Section 102-118.435 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Postpayment Transportation Audits § 102-118.435 What...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

21 CFR 118.10 - Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 21 Food and Drugs 2 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention plan. 118.10 Section 118.10 Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION... TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.10 Recordkeeping requirements for the Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) prevention...

42 CFR 435.118 - Infants and children under age 19.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Infants and children under age 19. 435.118 Section..., Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.118 Infants and children under age 19. (a) Basis. This...); and 1931(b) and (d) of the Act. (b) Scope. The agency must provide Medicaid to children under age 19...

42 CFR 435.118 - Infants and children under age 19.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 42 Public Health 4 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Infants and children under age 19. 435.118 Section..., Children Under 19, and Newborn Children § 435.118 Infants and children under age 19. (a) Basis. This...); and 1931(b) and (d) of the Act. (b) Scope. The agency must provide Medicaid to children under age 19...

Process for measuring low cadmium levels in blood and other biological specimens

DOEpatents

Peterson, David P.; Huff, Edmund A.; Bhattacharyya, Maryka H.

1994-01-01

A process for measuring low levels of cadmium in blood and other biological specimens is provided without interference from high levels of alkali metal contaminants by forming an aqueous solution and without contamination by environmental cadmium absent the proteins from the specimen, selectively removing cadmium from the aqueous solution on an anion exchange resin, thereby removing the alkali metal contaminants, resolubilizing cadmium from the resin to form a second solution and analyzing the second solution for cadmium, the process being carried out in a cadmium-free environment.

Process for measuring low cadmium levels in blood and other biological specimens

DOEpatents

Peterson, David P.; Huff, Edmund A.; Bhattacharyya, Maryka H.

1994-05-03

A process for measuring low levels of cadmium in blood and other biological specimens is provided without interference from high levels of alkali metal contaminants by forming an aqueous solution and without contamination by environmental cadmium absent the proteins from the specimen, selectively removing cadmium from the aqueous solution on an anion exchange resin, thereby removing the alkali metal contaminants, resolubilizing cadmium from the resin to form a second solution and analyzing the second solution for cadmium, the process being carried out in a cadmium-free environment.

10 CFR 51.118 - Final environmental impact statement-notice of availability.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... 10 Energy 2 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false Final environmental impact statement-notice of availability. 51.118 Section 51.118 Energy NUCLEAR REGULATORY COMMISSION (CONTINUED) ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION REGULATIONS FOR DOMESTIC LICENSING AND RELATED REGULATORY FUNCTIONS National Environmental Policy Act...

Cadmium content of plants as affected by soil cadmium concentration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lehoczky, E.; Szabados, I.; Marth, P.

1996-12-31

Pot experiments were conducted in greenhouse conditions to study the effects of increasing cadmium (Cd) levels on biomass production and Cd contents in corn, (Zea mays L.), garlic (Allium sativum L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Plants were grown in two soil types: Eutric cambisol soil and A gleyic luvisol soil. Spinach proved to be the most sensitive to Cd treatments as its biomass considerably decreased with the increasing Cd levels. Cadmium contents of the three crops increased with increasing levels of Cd applications. Statistical differences were observed in the Cd contents of crops depending on soil type. With themore » same Cd rates, Cd tissue concentration of test plants grown in the strongly acidic Gleyic luvisol soil were many times higher than that of plants grown in a neutral Eutric cambisol soil. 14 refs., 4 tabs.« less

Uptake and retention of dietary cadmium in mallard ducks

USGS Publications Warehouse

White, D.H.; Finley, M.T.

1978-01-01

Adult mallard ducks fed 0, 2, 20, or 200 ppm of cadmium chloride in the diet were sacrificed at 30-day intervals and tissues were analyzed for cadmium. No birds died during the study and body weights did not change. The liver and kidney accumulated the highest levels of cadmium. Tissue residues were significantly correlated in all treatment groups and residues increased with treatment level. Hematocrits and hemoglobin concentrations were normal in all groups throughout the study. Little cadmium accumulated in eggs of laying hens, but egg production was suppressed in the group fed 200 ppm.

40 CFR 35.118 - Unexpended balances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Unexpended balances. 35.118 Section 35... balances. Subject to any relevant provisions of law, if a recipient's Financial Status Report shows unexpended balances, the Regional Administrator will deobligate the unexpended balances and make them...

40 CFR 35.118 - Unexpended balances.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... 40 Protection of Environment 1 2011-07-01 2011-07-01 false Unexpended balances. 35.118 Section 35... balances. Subject to any relevant provisions of law, if a recipient's Financial Status Report shows unexpended balances, the Regional Administrator will deobligate the unexpended balances and make them...

Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius bacteriocin Abp118 on the mouse and pig intestinal microbiota.

PubMed

Riboulet-Bisson, Eliette; Sturme, Mark H J; Jeffery, Ian B; O'Donnell, Michelle M; Neville, B Anne; Forde, Brian M; Claesson, Marcus J; Harris, Hugh; Gardiner, Gillian E; Casey, Patrick G; Lawlor, Peadar G; O'Toole, Paul W; Ross, R Paul

2012-01-01

Lactobacilli are gram-positive bacteria that are a subdominant element in the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and which are commonly used in the food industry. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, and have been associated with health benefits. However, there is very little culture-independent information on how consumed probiotic microorganisms might affect the entire intestinal microbiota. We therefore studied the impact of the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, a microorganism well characterized for its probiotic properties, on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in two model animals. UCC118 has anti-infective activity due to production of the bacteriocin Abp118, a broad-spectrum class IIb bacteriocin, which we hypothesized could impact the microbiota. Mice and pigs were administered wild-type (WT) L. salivarius UCC118 cells, or a mutant lacking bacteriocin production. The microbiota composition was determined by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from faeces. The data show that L. salivarius UCC118 administration had no significant effect on proportions of major phyla comprising the mouse microbiota, whether the strain was producing bacteriocin or not. However, L. salivarius UCC118 WT administration led to a significant decrease in Spirochaetes levels, the third major phylum in the untreated pig microbiota. In both pigs and mice, L. salivarius UCC118 administration had an effect on Firmicutes genus members. This effect was not observed when the mutant strain was administered, and was thus associated with bacteriocin production. Surprisingly, in both models, L. salivarius UCC118 administration and production of Abp118 had an effect on gram-negative microorganisms, even though Abp118 is normally not active in vitro against this group of microorganisms. Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin-dependent.

Effect of Lactobacillus salivarius Bacteriocin Abp118 on the Mouse and Pig Intestinal Microbiota

PubMed Central

Riboulet-Bisson, Eliette; Sturme, Mark H. J.; Jeffery, Ian B.; O'Donnell, Michelle M.; Neville, B. Anne; Forde, Brian M.; Claesson, Marcus J.; Harris, Hugh; Gardiner, Gillian E.; Casey, Patrick G.; Lawlor, Peadar G.; O'Toole, Paul W.; Ross, R. Paul

2012-01-01

Lactobacilli are Gram-positive bacteria that are a subdominant element in the human gastrointestinal microbiota, and which are commonly used in the food industry. Some lactobacilli are considered probiotic, and have been associated with health benefits. However, there is very little culture-independent information on how consumed probiotic microorganisms might affect the entire intestinal microbiota. We therefore studied the impact of the administration of Lactobacillus salivarius UCC118, a microorganism well characterized for its probiotic properties, on the composition of the intestinal microbiota in two model animals. UCC118 has anti-infective activity due to production of the bacteriocin Abp118, a broad-spectrum class IIb bacteriocin, which we hypothesized could impact the microbiota. Mice and pigs were administered wild-type (WT) L. salivarius UCC118 cells, or a mutant lacking bacteriocin production. The microbiota composition was determined by pyrosequencing of 16S rRNA gene amplicons from faeces. The data show that L. salivarius UCC118 administration had no significant effect on proportions of major phyla comprising the mouse microbiota, whether the strain was producing bacteriocin or not. However, L. salivarius UCC118 WT administration led to a significant decrease in Spirochaetes levels, the third major phylum in the untreated pig microbiota. In both pigs and mice, L. salivarius UCC118 administration had an effect on Firmicutes genus members. This effect was not observed when the mutant strain was administered, and was thus associated with bacteriocin production. Surprisingly, in both models, L. salivarius UCC118 administration and production of Abp118 had an effect on Gram-negative microorganisms, even though Abp118 is normally not active in vitro against this group of microorganisms. Thus L. salivarius UCC118 administration has a significant but subtle impact on mouse and pig microbiota, by a mechanism that seems at least partially bacteriocin

Epigenetic Effects of Cadmium in Cancer: Focus on Melanoma

PubMed Central

Venza, Mario; Visalli, Maria; Biondo, Carmelo; Oteri, Rosaria; Agliano, Federica; Morabito, Silvia; Caruso, Gerardo; Caffo, Maria; Teti, Diana; Venza, Isabella

2014-01-01

Cadmium is a highly toxic heavy metal, which has a destroying impact on organs. Exposure to cadmium causes severe health problems to human beings due to its ubiquitous environmental presence and features of the pathologies associated with pro-longed exposure. Cadmium is a well-established carcinogen, although the underlying mechanisms have not been fully under-stood yet. Recently, there has been considerable interest in the impact of this environmental pollutant on the epigenome. Be-cause of the role of epigenetic alterations in regulating gene expression, there is a potential for the integration of cadmium-induced epigenetic alterations as critical elements in the cancer risk assessment process. Here, after a brief review of the ma-jor diseases related to cadmium exposure, we focus our interest on the carcinogenic potential of this heavy metal. Among the several proposed pathogenetic mechanisms, particular attention is given to epigenetic alterations, including changes in DNA methylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNA expression. We review evidence for a link between cadmium-induced epigenetic changes and cell transformation, with special emphasis on melanoma. DNA methylation, with reduced expression of key genes that regulate cell proliferation and apoptosis, has emerged as a possible cadmium-induced epigenetic mechanism in melanoma. A wider comprehension of mechanisms related to this common environmental contaminant would allow a better cancer risk evaluation. PMID:25646071

Optimization Of Optoelectronic Characteristics Of Sintered Cadmium Sulphide Photoconductive Layers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Chockalingam, Mary J.; Suryanarayana, C. V.

1986-11-01

Photograde cadmium sulphide useful for sintered polycrystalline cadmium sulphide photoconductive cells as also for solar cells can be prepared by a simple chemical reaction between a soluble cadmium salt and thiourea in an aqueous alkaline solution by optimising the pH, temperature and concentration of the constituents in the bath. The precipitated cadmium-sulphide after drying at 120°C was found to result in a photograde quality of 99.999% pure cadmium sulphide as estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Details are given in this paper, of the process of preparation of CdS powder, screen printing and sintering the cadmium sulphide layers to give finally the photoconductive cell which gave on irradiation a change in the resistance of six to seven orders. The sintering technique and the mechanism of the reaction resulting in high photosensitivity of the layer obtained are discussed in detail.

Clinical, chemical, and hematological parameters in cattle kept in a cadmium-contaminated area

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kessels, B.G.F.; Wensing, Th.; Schotman, A.J.H.

1990-02-01

In cattle exposure to cadmium may effect various clinical abnormalities such as loss of appetite, anemia, poor growth, abortions and teratogenic lesions or may pass without clinical abnormalities. Considerably less is known about the effects of chronic exposure to low levels of cadmium on clinical, chemical and hematological parameters. With respect to the way cattle can ingest cadmium from the environment, a relationship was demonstrated between cadmium content of the organs and soil cadmium content. This demonstration that, raising roughage on cadmium contaminated soil or in fields treated with cadmium containing fertilizers like sewage sludge can lead to accumulation ofmore » cadmium in the cattle in question. This study aims to investigate whether a low, chronic exposure to cadmium effects changes in some hematological, clinical and chemical parameters in cattle.« less

Maternal occupational cadmium exposure and nonsyndromic orofacial clefts.

PubMed

Suhl, Jonathan; Romitti, Paul A; Cao, Yanyan; Rocheleau, Carissa M; Burns, Trudy L; Conway, Kristin; Rajaraman, Preetha; Agopian, A J; Stewart, Patricia

2018-04-17

Cigarette smoking is a well-studied risk factor for orofacial clefts (OFCs). Little is known about which constituents in cigarette smoke contribute to this teratogenicity in humans. One constituent, cadmium, has been associated with OFCs in animal studies; in humans, the role of maternal cadmium exposure on OFCs, independent of cigarette smoke, is unclear. In particular, the relation between maternal occupational cadmium exposure and OFCs is largely unexplored. Using data from a large, population-based case-control study, we compared expert rater assessed maternal occupational cadmium exposure from self-reported occupational histories during the period 1 month before through 3 months after conception between OFC cases (n = 1,185) and unaffected controls (n = 2,832). Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (aORs) and 95% confidence intervals for any (yes/no) and cumulative (no, low, high exposure) occupational cadmium exposures and all OFCs, cleft lip ± cleft palate (CL/P) and cleft palate (CP). Overall, 45 mothers (cases = 13, controls = 32) were rated as having occupational cadmium exposure. Comparing all OFCs to controls, we observed inverse, nonsignificant aORs for any or low exposure, and positive, nonsignificant aORs for high exposure. Where data were available, aORs for CL/P and CP tended to parallel those for all OFCs. To our knowledge, this is the first study to specifically examine maternal occupational cadmium exposure and OFCs, using expert rater exposure assessment. The small numbers of exposed mothers observed, however, led to imprecise estimates. Continued research using more detailed occupational exposure assessment and increased sample sizes is recommended. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Emergency Medical Service Information System:the ARES 118 experience.

PubMed

Ientile, D A; Cardinale, M A; Cataldi, S; Parafati, M; Pasquarella, A; Trani, N; Corradi, M P

2017-01-01

In this paper we describe ARES 118, the prehospital Emergency Medical Service of the Region Lazio, Italy, focusing on its data system used to populate a data warehouse and to create ad hoc reports. ARES 118 is a regional public mono-specialized health company, established in 2004, that manages the emergency care throughout the Region Lazio. Being a peculiar company in its kind, and being the first experience of this kind in Italy, ARES 118 has begun to equip itself, in an autonomous way, with a corporate information system, starting from what already existed as data collection from the individual provincial operating Centers and then by activating a unique information system at a regional and company level by deploying a data warehouse. All operations were carried out using open source software. Currently, ARES 118 is equipped with a business information system that enables data collection with its storage, management and processing of the same in fairly and easy way. The system allows the production of specific reports and measures modulated on the user requests in order to highlight the different aspects of the activity. The production of ad hoc reports, with the possibility of developing specific indicators, allows the identification and analysis of critical areas/processes in order to implement any corrective actions and monitor the effectiveness of the sam.

Stability study of the anticonvulsant enaminone (E118) using HPLC and LC-MS.

PubMed

Abdel-Hamid, Mohammed E; Edafiogho, Ivan O; Hamza, Huda M

2002-01-01

The stability of the new chemical synthetic enaminone derivative (E118) was investigated using a stability-indicating high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure. The examined samples were analyzed using a chiral HSA column and a mobile phase (pH 7.5) containing n-octanoic acid (5 mM), isopropyl alcohol and 100 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate solution (1:9 v/v) at a flow rate of 1 ml min(-1). The developed method was specific, accurate and reproducible. The HPLC chromatograms exhibited well-resolved peaks of E118 and the degradation products at retention times <5 min. The stability of E118 was performed in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid, 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, water/ethanol (1:1) and phosphate buffer (pH approximately 7.5) solutions. E118 was found to undergo fast hydrolysis in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid solution. The decomposition of E118 followed first order kinetics under the experimental conditions. The results confirmed that protonation of the enaminone system in the molecule enhanced the hydrolysis of E118 at degradation rate constant of 0.049 min(-1) and degradation half-life of 14.1 min at 25 degrees C. However, E118 was significantly stable in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide, physiological phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) and ethanol/water (1:1) solutions. The degradation rate constants and degradation half-lives were in the ranges 0.0023-0.0086 h(-1) and 80.6-150.6 h, respectively. Analysis of the acid-induced degraded solution of E118 by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) revealed at least two degradation products of E118 at m/z 213.1 and 113.1, respectively.

Cadmium Exposure and Liver Disease among US Adults

PubMed Central

Hyder, Omar; Chung, Michael; Cosgrove, David; Herman, Joseph M.; Li, Zhiping; Firoozmand, Amin; Gurakar, Ahmet; Koteish, Ayman; Pawlik, Timothy M.

2014-01-01

Background Effects of chronic cadmium exposure on liver disease and liver-related mortality are unknown. We evaluated the association of creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium levels with hepatic necroinflammation, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), liver-related mortality, and liver cancer mortality in the US general population. Methods We analyzed the relationship of individuals in the top quartile for urinary cadmium measured in 12,732 adults who participated in the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey in 1988–1994 (NHANES III), and hepatic necroinflammation, NAFLD, and NASH. Associations between cadmium, liver-related mortality, and liver cancer mortality were evaluated in the NHANES III mortality follow-up study. Results The cutoffs for highest quartile of urinary cadmium per gram of urinary creatinine were 0.65 and 0.83 μg/g for men and women, respectively (P<0.001). After multivariate adjustment for other factors including smoking, the odds ratios [95 % confidence intervals (CI)] for hepatic necroinflammation, NAFLD, and NASH associated with being in the top quartile of cadmium levels by gender, were 2.21 (95 % CI, 1.64–3.00), 1.30 (95 % CI, 1.01–1.68) and 1.95 (95 % CI, 1.11–3.41) for men and 1.26 (95 % CI, 1.01–1.57), 1.11 (95 % CI, 0.88–1.41) and 1.34 (95 % CI, 0.72–2.50) for women, respectively. The hazard ratios for liver-related mortality and liver cancer mortality for both genders were 3.42 (95 % CI, 1.12–10.47) and 1.25 (95 % CI, 0.37–4.27). Conclusions Environmental cadmium exposure was associated with hepatic necroinflammation, NAFLD, and NASH in men, and hepatic necroinflammation in women. Individuals in the top quartile of creatinine-corrected urinary cadmium had over a threefold increased risk of liver disease mortality but not in liver cancer related mortality. PMID:23636881

40 CFR 93.118 - Criteria and procedures: Motor vehicle emissions budget.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... emissions budget. 93.118 Section 93.118 Protection of Environment ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY (CONTINUED... and procedures: Motor vehicle emissions budget. (a) The transportation plan, TIP, and project not from a conforming transportation plan and TIP must be consistent with the motor vehicle emissions budget...

Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of the Active Dwarf Galaxy RGG 118

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Baldassare, Vivienne F.; Reines, Amy E.; Gallo, Elena; Greene, Jenny E.

2017-12-01

RGG 118 (SDSS 1523+1145) is a nearby (z = 0.0243), dwarf disk galaxy ({M}* ≈ 2× {10}9 {M}⊙ ) that is found to host an active ˜50,000 solar mass black hole at its core. RGG 118 is one of a growing collective sample of dwarf galaxies known to contain active galactic nuclei (AGNs)—a group that, until recently, contained only a handful of objects. Here, we report on new Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 UVIS and IR imaging of RGG 118, with the main goal of analyzing its structure. Using 2D parametric modeling, we find that the morphology of RGG 118 is best described by an outer spiral disk, an inner component consistent with a pseudobulge, and a central point-spread function (PSF). The luminosity of the PSF is consistent with the central point source that is being dominated by the AGN. We measure the luminosity and the mass of the “pseudobulge” and confirm that the central black hole in RGG 118 is under-massive, with respect to the {M}{BH}{--}{M}{bulge} and {M}{BH}{--}{L}{bulge} relations. This result is consistent with a picture in which black holes in disk-dominated galaxies grow primarily through secular processes.

41 CFR 102-118.300 - How does my agency fund its prepayment audit program?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... its prepayment audit program? 102-118.300 Section 102-118.300 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

Effects of cadmium exposure on Iberian ribbed newt (Pleurodeles waltl) testes

PubMed Central

Hirako, Ayano; Takeoka, Yuki; Hayashi, Toshinori; Takeuchi, Takashi; Furukawa, Satoshi; Sugiyama, Akihiko

2017-01-01

To characterize the histomorphologic effects of cadmium on adult newt testes, male Iberian ribbed newts (6 months post-hatching) were intraperitoneally exposed to a single dose of 50 mg/kg of cadmium, with histologic analysis of the testes at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. Beginning 24 h after cadmium exposure, apoptosis of spermatogonia and spermatocytes was observed, and congestion was observed in the interstitial vessels of the testes. Throughout the experimental period, the rates of pyknotic cells and TUNEL and cleaved caspase-3 positivity were significantly higher in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes of cadmium-treated newts compared with control newts. There were no significant differences between cadmium-treated and control newts in phospho-histone H3 positivity in the spermatogonia and spermatocytes. These results suggest that spermatogonia and spermatocytes in adult Iberian ribbed newts are highly sensitive to cadmium. This is the first report of the histomorphologic characteristics of cadmium-induced testicular dysfunction in newts. PMID:29097846

The toxic Doppelganger: on the ionic and molecular mimicry of cadmium.

PubMed

Chmielowska-Bąk, Jagna; Izbiańska, Karolina; Deckert, Joanna

2013-01-01

Cadmium is a toxic heavy metal which can cause numerous alterations in cell functioning. Exposure to cadmium leads to generation of reactive oxygen species, disorders in membrane structure and functioning, inhibition of respiration, disturbances in ion homeostasis, perturbations in cell division, and initiation of apoptosis and necrosis. This heavy metal is considered a carcinogen by the Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry. At least some of the described toxic effects could result from the ability of cadmium to mimic other divalent ions and alert signal transduction networks. This review describes the role of cadmium mimicry in its uptake, reactive oxygen species generation, alterations in calmodulin, Wnt/β-catenin and estrogen signaling pathways, and modulation of neurotransmission. The last section is dedicated to the single known case of a favorable function performed by cadmium mimicry: marine diatoms, which live in zinc deficient conditions, utilize cadmium as a cofactor in carbonic anhydrase - so far the only described cadmium enzyme.

Dissolution and uptake of cadmium from dental gold solder alloy implants.

PubMed

Bergman, B; Bergman, M; Söremark, R

1977-11-01

Pure metallic cadmium was irradiated by means of thermal neutrons. The irradiated cadmium (115Cd) was placed in bags of gold foil and the bags were implanted subcutaneously in the neck region of mice. Two and 3d respectively after implantation the mice were killed, the bags removed and the animals subjected to whole-body autoradiography. The autoradiograms revealed an uptake of 115Cd in liver and kidney. In another experiment specimens of a cadmium-containing dental gold solder alloy, a cadmium-free dental casting gold alloy and soldered assemblies made of these two alloys were implanted subcutaneously in the neck region of mice. The animals were killed after 6 months; cadmium analysis showed significant increases in the cadmium concentration in liver and kidney of those mice which had been given implants of gold solder alloy. The study clearly shows that due to electrochemical corrosion cadmium can be released from implants and accumulated in the kidneys and the liver.

Nickel cadmium battery expert system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1986-01-01

The applicability of artificial intelligence methodologies for the automation of energy storage management, in this case, nickel cadmium batteries, is demonstrated. With the Hubble Space Telescope Electrical Power System (HST/EPS) testbed as the application domain, an expert system was developed which incorporates the physical characterization of the EPS, in particular, the nickel cadmium batteries, as well as the human's operational knowledge. The expert system returns not only fault diagnostics but also status and advice along with justifications and explanations in the form of decision support.

41 CFR 102-118.280 - What advantages does the prepayment audit offer my agency?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... prepayment audit offer my agency? 102-118.280 Section 102-118.280 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property Management Regulations System (Continued) FEDERAL MANAGEMENT REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Prepayment Audits of Transportation Services Agency Requirements...

41 CFR 102-118.35 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... between computers instead of paper documents. These electronic transmissions must use established and... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2012-01-01 2012-01-01 false What definitions apply to this part? 102-118.35 Section 102-118.35 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property...

41 CFR 102-118.35 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... between computers instead of paper documents. These electronic transmissions must use established and... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false What definitions apply to this part? 102-118.35 Section 102-118.35 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property...

41 CFR 102-118.35 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... between computers instead of paper documents. These electronic transmissions must use established and... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2013-07-01 2013-07-01 false What definitions apply to this part? 102-118.35 Section 102-118.35 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property...

41 CFR 102-118.35 - What definitions apply to this part?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... between computers instead of paper documents. These electronic transmissions must use established and... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2014-01-01 2014-01-01 false What definitions apply to this part? 102-118.35 Section 102-118.35 Public Contracts and Property Management Federal Property...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... this section: (1) A space containing propulsion machinery; (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 hp; (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (4) A space containing...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... this section: (1) A space containing propulsion machinery; (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 hp; (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (4) A space containing...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... this section: (1) A space containing propulsion machinery; (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 hp; (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (4) A space containing...

46 CFR 118.400 - Where required.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... Extinguishing and Detecting Systems § 118.400 Where required. (a) The following spaces must be equipped with a... this section: (1) A space containing propulsion machinery; (2) A space containing an internal combustion engine of more than 50 hp; (3) A space containing an oil fired boiler; (4) A space containing...

An Extended IEEE 118-Bus Test System With High Renewable Penetration

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Pena, Ivonne; Martinez-Anido, Carlo Brancucci; Hodge, Bri-Mathias

This article describes a new publicly available version of the IEEE 118-bus test system, named NREL-118. The database is based on the transmission representation (buses and lines) of the IEEE 118-bus test system, with a reconfigured generation representation using three regions of the US Western Interconnection from the latest Western Electricity Coordination Council (WECC) 2024 Common Case [1]. Time-synchronous hourly load, wind, and solar time series are provided for over one year (8784 hours). The public database presented and described in this manuscript will allow researchers to model a test power system using detailed transmission, generation, load, wind, and solarmore » data. This database includes key additional features that add to the current IEEE 118-bus test model, such as: the inclusion of 10 generation technologies with different heat rate functions, minimum stable levels and ramping rates, GHG emissions rates, regulation and contingency reserves, and hourly time series data for one full year for load, wind and solar generation.« less

Blood cadmium concentration and lipid profile in Korean adults

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kim, Kisok, E-mail: kimkisok@kmu.ac.kr

Although animal experiments have shown that cadmium exposure induces alterations in lipid profiles, no epidemiological study of this relationship has been performed. The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between blood cadmium concentration and blood lipid levels in Korean adults. A cross-sectional study comprising participants (n=3903) aged 20 years or older from the 2005, 2008, and 2009 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys was conducted. Demographic characteristics and dietary intake were obtained from the participants by questionnaire, and cadmium and lipid levels were determined by analysis of blood samples. After adjusting for demographic and dietary factors,more » blood concentration of cadmium was positively associated with the risk of low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) in a dose-dependent manner (p for trend <0.001). In addition, the odds ratios (ORs) of a high triglyceride to HDL-C ratio was significantly increased in the high blood cadmium groups [OR=1.36; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.03-1.79 for fourth quintile and OR=1.41; 95% CI, 1.07-1.86 for fifth quintile] compared with the lowest quintile group. However, high blood cadmium was not associated with a risk of high total cholesterol, high low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, or high triglycerides. These data suggest that an increased cadmium body burden increases the risk of dyslipidemia, mainly due to the increased risk of low HDL-C and the high ratio of triglycerides to HDL-C.« less

STS-118 Insignia

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2007-01-01

The STS-118 crew patch represents the Space Shuttle Endeavour on its mission to help complete the assembly of the International Space Station (ISS), and symbolizes the pursuit of knowledge through space exploration. The flight accomplished its ISS 13A.1 assembly tasks through a series of space walks, robotic operations, logistics transfers, and the exchange of one of the three long-duration expedition crew members. On the patch, the top of the gold astronaut symbol overlays the starboard S5 truss segment, highlighting its installation during the mission. The flame of knowledge represents the importance of education, and honors teachers and students everywhere. The seven white stars and the red maple leaf signify the American and Canadian crew members, respectively, flying aboard Endeavour.

33 CFR 100.118 - Searsport Lobster Boat Races, Searsport Harbor, ME.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... 33 Navigation and Navigable Waters 1 2010-07-01 2010-07-01 false Searsport Lobster Boat Races, Searsport Harbor, ME. 100.118 Section 100.118 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF... Lobster Boat Races, Searsport Harbor, ME. (a) Regulated Area. The regulated area includes all waters of...

23 CFR 636.118 - Is team switching allowed after contract award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2011-04-01 2011-04-01 false Is team switching allowed after contract award? 636.118... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.118 Is team switching allowed after contract...-builder, team member switching (adding or switching team members) is discouraged after contract award...

23 CFR 636.118 - Is team switching allowed after contract award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Is team switching allowed after contract award? 636.118... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.118 Is team switching allowed after contract...-builder, team member switching (adding or switching team members) is discouraged after contract award...

23 CFR 636.118 - Is team switching allowed after contract award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2013-04-01 2013-04-01 false Is team switching allowed after contract award? 636.118... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.118 Is team switching allowed after contract...-builder, team member switching (adding or switching team members) is discouraged after contract award...

23 CFR 636.118 - Is team switching allowed after contract award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false Is team switching allowed after contract award? 636.118... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.118 Is team switching allowed after contract...-builder, team member switching (adding or switching team members) is discouraged after contract award...

23 CFR 636.118 - Is team switching allowed after contract award?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... 23 Highways 1 2014-04-01 2014-04-01 false Is team switching allowed after contract award? 636.118... TRAFFIC OPERATIONS DESIGN-BUILD CONTRACTING General § 636.118 Is team switching allowed after contract...-builder, team member switching (adding or switching team members) is discouraged after contract award...

STS-118 Ascent/Entry Flight Control Team in WFCR

NASA Image and Video Library

2007-09-17

JSC2007-E-46429 (17 Sept. 2007) --- The members of the STS-118 Ascent/Entry flight control team and crewmembers pose for a group portrait in the space shuttle flight control room of Houston's Mission Control Center (MCC). Flight director Steve Stich holds the STS-118 mission logo. Astronauts Scott Kelly, commander, is at left foreground and astronaut Chris Ferguson, spacecraft communicator (CAPCOM), is at right foreground. Additional crewmembers pictured are Charlie Hobaugh, pilot; Barbara R. Morgan, Tracy Caldwell and Rick Mastracchio, all mission specialists.

The role of cadmium in obesity and diabetes.

PubMed

Tinkov, Alexey A; Filippini, Tommaso; Ajsuvakova, Olga P; Aaseth, Jan; Gluhcheva, Yordanka G; Ivanova, Juliana M; Bjørklund, Geir; Skalnaya, Margarita G; Gatiatulina, Eugenia R; Popova, Elizaveta V; Nemereshina, Olga N; Vinceti, Marco; Skalny, Anatoly V

2017-12-01

Multiple studies have shown an association between environmental exposure to hazardous chemicals including toxic metals and obesity, diabetes, and metabolic syndrome. At the same time, the existing data on the impact of cadmium exposure on obesity and diabetes are contradictory. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to review the impact of cadmium exposure and status on the risk and potential etiologic mechanisms of obesity and diabetes. In addition, since an effect of cadmium exposure on incidence of diabetes mellitus and insulin resistance was suggested by several epidemiologic studies, we carried out a meta-analysis of all studies assessing risk of prevalence and incidence of diabetes. By comparing the highest versus the lowest cadmium exposure category, we found a high risk of diabetes incidence (odds ratio=1.38, 95% confidence interval 1.12-1.71), which was higher for studies using urine as exposure assessment. On the converse, results of epidemiologic studies linking cadmium exposure and overweight or obesity are far less consistent and even conflicting, also depending on differences in exposure levels and the specific marker of exposure (blood, urine, hair, nails). In turn, laboratory studies demonstrated that cadmium adversely affects adipose tissue physiopathology through several mechanisms, thus contributing to increased insulin resistance and enhancing diabetes. However, intimate biological mechanisms linking Cd exposure with obesity and diabetes are still to be adequately investigated. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase regulates cadmium-induced apoptosis.

PubMed

Shin, Seoung Woo; Kil, In Sup; Park, Jeen-Woo

2010-04-01

Cadmium ions have a high affinity for thiol groups. Therefore, they may disturb many cellular functions. We recently reported that cytosolic NADP(+)-dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDPc) functions as an antioxidant enzyme to supply NADPH, a major source of reducing equivalents to the cytosol. Cadmium decreased the activity of IDPc both as a purified enzyme and in cultured cells. In the present study, we demonstrate that the knockdown of IDPc expression in HEK293 cells greatly enhances apoptosis induced by cadmium. Transfection of HEK293 cells with an IDPc small interfering RNA significantly decreased the activity of IDPc and enhanced cellular susceptibility to cadmium-induced apoptosis as indicated by the morphological evidence of apoptosis, DNA fragmentation and condensation, cellular redox status, mitochondria redox status and function, and the modulation of apoptotic marker proteins. Taken together, our results suggest that suppressing the expression of IDPc enhances cadmium-induced apoptosis of HEK293 cells by increasing disruption of the cellular redox status. Copyright 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Systematic network assessment of the carcinogenic activities of cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chen, Peizhan; Duan, Xiaohua; Li, Mian

Cadmium has been defined as type I carcinogen for humans, but the underlying mechanisms of its carcinogenic activity and its influence on protein-protein interactions in cells are not fully elucidated. The aim of the current study was to evaluate, systematically, the carcinogenic activity of cadmium with systems biology approaches. From a literature search of 209 studies that performed with cellular models, 208 proteins influenced by cadmium exposure were identified. All of these were assessed by Western blotting and were recognized as key nodes in network analyses. The protein-protein functional interaction networks were constructed with NetBox software and visualized with Cytoscapemore » software. These cadmium-rewired genes were used to construct a scale-free, highly connected biological protein interaction network with 850 nodes and 8770 edges. Of the network, nine key modules were identified and 60 key signaling pathways, including the estrogen, RAS, PI3K-Akt, NF-κB, HIF-1α, Jak-STAT, and TGF-β signaling pathways, were significantly enriched. With breast cancer, colorectal and prostate cancer cellular models, we validated the key node genes in the network that had been previously reported or inferred form the network by Western blotting methods, including STAT3, JNK, p38, SMAD2/3, P65, AKT1, and HIF-1α. These results suggested the established network was robust and provided a systematic view of the carcinogenic activities of cadmium in human. - Highlights: • A cadmium-influenced network with 850 nodes and 8770 edges was established. • The cadmium-rewired gene network was scale-free and highly connected. • Nine modules were identified, and 60 key signaling pathways related to cadmium-induced carcinogenesis were found. • Key mediators in the network were validated in multiple cellular models.« less

Integrated thin film cadmium sulfide solar cell module

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mickelsen, R. A.; Abbott, D. D.

1971-01-01

The design, development, fabrication and tests of flexible integrated thin-film cadmium sulfide solar cells and modules are discussed. The development of low cost and high production rate methods for interconnecting cells into large solar arrays is described. Chromium thin films were applied extensively in the deposited cell structures as a means to: (1) achieve high adherence between the cadmium sulfide films and the vacuum-metallized copper substrates, (2) obtain an ohmic contact to the cadmium sulfide films, and (3) improve the adherence of gold films as grids or contact areas.

Flow of Cadmium from Rechargeable Batteries in the United States, 1996-2007

USGS Publications Warehouse

Wilburn, David R.

2007-01-01

Cadmium metal has been found to be toxic to humans and the environment under certain conditions; therefore, a thorough understanding of the use and disposal of the metal is warranted. Most of the cadmium used in the United States comes from imported products. In 2007, more than 83 percent of the cadmium used in the United States was contained in batteries, mostly in rechargeable nickel-cadmium batteries used in popular consumer products such as cordless phones and power tools. The flow of cadmium contained in rechageable nickel-cadmium batteries used in the United States was tracked for the years 1996 to 2007. The amount of cadmium metal contained in imported products in 2007 was estimated to be about 1,900 metric tons, or about 160 percent higher than the reported cadmium production in the United States from all primary and secondary sources. Although more than 40,000 metric tons of cadmium was estimated to be contained in nickel-cadmium rechargeable batteries that became obsolete during the 12-year study period, not all of this material was sent to municipal solid waste landfills. About 27 percent of the material available for recovery in the United States was recycled domestically in 2007; the balance was discarded in municipal solid waste landfills, exported for recycling, retained in temporary storage, or thrown away.

Physiological response of Arundo donax to cadmium stress by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yu, Shunhui; Sheng, Li; Zhang, Chunyan; Deng, Hongping

2018-06-01

The present paper deals with the physiological response of the changes in chemical contents of the root, stem and leaf of Arundo donax seedlings stressed by excess cadmium using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique, cadmium accumulation in plant by atomic absorption spectroscopy were tested after different concentrations cadmium stress. The results showed that low cadmium concentrations (<1.0 mg/L) the root tissue of Arundo donax uses osmosis of organic substances (e.g. carbohydrates and amino acids) to improve cadmium tolerance. Organic substances (e.g. carbohydrates) that contain a lot of Osbnd H in leaf were transported to the root firstly and then could chelate cadmium, but no obvious changes in stems were noted. The cadmium in the shoots (stem and leaf) usually increased with increasing cadmium concentration. These studies demonstrate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique for the non-invasive and rapid monitoring of the plants stressed with heavy metals, Arundo donax is suitable for phytoremediation of cadmium -contaminated wetland.

Second Plateau Voltage in Nickel-cadmium Cells

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Vasanth, K. L.

1984-01-01

Sealed nickel cadmium cells having large number of cycles on them are discharged using Hg/HgO reference electrode. The negative electrode exhibits the second plateau. A SEM of negative plates of such cells show a number of large crystals of cadmium hydroxide. The large crystals on the negative plates disappear after continuous overcharging in flooded cells.

76 FR 57682 - Petition Requesting Regulations Restricting Cadmium in Children's Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2011-09-16

... Requesting Regulations Restricting Cadmium in Children's Products AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission...'') has received a petition requesting standards restricting cadmium in children's products, especially... to begin drafting a proposed rule unless a voluntary standard for cadmium in children's jewelry is...

Cadmium inhibits neurite outgrowth in differentiating human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells.

PubMed

Pak, Eun Joo; Son, Gi Dong; Yoo, Byung Sun

2014-01-01

Cadmium, a highly ubiquitous heavy metal, is well known to induce neurotoxicity. However, the underlying mechanism of cadmium-mediated neurotoxicity remains unclear. We have studied cadmium inhibition of neurite outgrowth using human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells induced to differentiate by all-trans-retinoic acid (RA). Cadmium, at a concentration of 3 μmol/L, had no significant effect on the viability of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells. However, the neurite outgrowth of the differentiating SH-SY5Y cells 48 hours after cadmium treatment (1-3 μmol/L cadmium) was significantly inhibited in a dose-dependent manner. Treatment of RA-stimulated differentiating SH-SY5Y cells with 1 to 3 μmol/L cadmium resulted in decreased level of cross-reactivities with 43-kDa growth-associated protein (GAP-43) in a dose-dependent manner. The reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, NAC (N-acetyl-l-cysteine), recovered the expression of GAP-43 in cadmium-treated cells. The results indicate that cadmium is able to inhibit neurite outgrowth of differentiating SH-SY5Y cells and that this effect might result from ROS generation by cadmium. © The Author(s) 2014.

Removal of cadmium by Lactobacillus kefir as a protective tool against toxicity.

PubMed

Gerbino, Esteban; Carasi, Paula; Tymczyszyn, E Elizabeth; Gómez-Zavaglia, Andrea

2014-08-01

The aim of this work was to evaluate the capacity of Lactobacillus kefir strains to remove cadmium cations and protect eukaryotic cells from cadmium toxicity. Lb. kefir CIDCA 8348 and JCM 5818 were grown in a 1/2 dilution of MRS broth supplemented with Cd(NO3)2 ranging 0 to 1 mM. Growth kinetics were followed during 76 h at 30 °C by registering optical density at 600 nm every 4-10 h. The accumulated concentration of cadmium was determined on cultures in the stationary phase by atomic absorption. The viability of a human hepatoma cell line (HepG2) upon exposure to (a) free cadmium and (b) cadmium previously incubated with Lb. kefir strains was evaluated by determining the mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity. Lb. kefir strains were able to grow and tolerate concentrations of cadmium cations up to 1 mM. The addition of cadmium to the culture medium increased the lag time in all the concentrations used. However, a decrease of the total biomass (maximum Absorbance) was observed only at concentrations above 0.0012 and 0.0011 mM for strains CIDCA 8348 and JCM 5818, respectively. Shorter and rounder lactobacilli were observed in both strains upon microscopic observations. Moreover, dark precipitates compatible with intracellular precipitation of cadmium were observed in the cytoplasm of both strains. The ability of Lb. kefir to protect eukaryotic cells cultures from cadmium toxicity was analysed using HepG2 cells lines. Concentrations of cadmium greater than 3×10(-3) mM strongly decreased the viability of HepG2 cells. However, when the eukaryotic cells were exposed to cadmium pre-incubated 1 h with Lb. kefir the toxicity of cadmium was considerably lower, Lb. kefir JCM 5818 being more efficient. The high tolerance and binding capacity of Lb. kefir strains to cadmium concentrations largely exceeding the tolerated weekly intake (TWI) of cadmium for food (2.5 μg per kg of body weight) and water (3 μg/l) addressed to human consumption, is an important added value when

Investigation to synthesis more isotopes of superheavy nuclei Z = 118

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Manjunatha, H. C.; Sridhar, K. N.

2018-07-01

We have studied the α-decay properties of superheavy nuclei Z = 118 in the range 275 ≤ A ≤ 325. Most of the predicted, unknown nuclei in the range 291 ≤ A ≤ 301 were found to have α-decay chains. Of these the nuclei 293-301118 were found to have long half-lives and hence could be sufficient to detect them if synthesized in a laboratory. Fusion barries for different projectile-target combinations to synthesis superheavy nuclei Z = 118 are studied and are also represented in simple relations. We have also studied the evaporation residue cross section, compound nucleus formation probability (PCN) and survival probability (PSurv) of different projectile-target combinations to synthesis superheavy element Z = 118. The selected most probable projectile-target combinations are Ca+Cf, Ti+Cm, Sc+Bk, V+Am, Cr+Pu, Fe+U, Mn+Np, Ni+Th and Kr+Pb. We have formulated simple relations for maximum evaporation residue cross sections and its corresponding energies. This helps to identify the projectile-target combinations quickly. Hence, we have identified the most probable projectile-target combinations to synthesis these superheavy nuclei. We hope that our predictions may be a guide for the future experiments in the synthesis of more isotopes of superheavy nuclei Z = 118.

A biosensor for cadmium based on bioconvective patterns

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Noever, David A.; Matsos, Helen C.

1990-01-01

An 'in vitro' method for monitoring cadmium, one of the most lethal bivalent heavy metals, can detect biologically active levels. The effects of cadmium tend to concentrate in protozoa far above natural levels and therein begin transferring through freshwater food chains to animals and humans. In a small sample volume (approximately 5 ml) the method uses the toxic response to the protozoa, Tetrahymena pyriformis, to cadmium. The assay relies on macroscopic bioconvective patterns to measure the toxic response, giving a sensitivity better than 1 micro-g/1 and a toxicity threshold to 7 micro-g/1 for Cd(2+). Cadmium hinders pattern formation in a dose-dependent manner. Arrested organism growth arises from slowed division and mutation to non-dividing classes. Unlike previous efforts, this method can be performed in a shallow flow device and does not require electronic or chemical analyses to monitor toxicity.

Low serum zinc is associated with elevated risk of cadmium nephrotoxicity

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lin, Yu-Sheng, E-mail: Lin.Yu-Sheng@epa.gov; Ho, Wen-Chao; Caffrey, James L.

Background: Despite animal evidence suggests that zinc modulates cadmium nephrotoxicity, limited human data are available. Objective: To test the hypothesis that low serum zinc concentrations may increase the risk of cadmium-mediated renal dysfunction in humans. Methods: Data from 1545 subjects aged 20 or older in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2011–2012 were analyzed. Renal function was defined as impaired when estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) fell below 60 ml/min/1.73 m{sup 2} and/or the urinary albumin-to-creatinine ratio surpassed 2.5 in men and 3.5 mg/mmol in women. Results: Within the study cohort, 117 subjects had reduced eGFR and 214more » had elevated urinary albumin. After adjusting for potential confounders, subjects with elevated blood cadmium (>0.53 μg/L) were more likely to have a reduced eGFR (odds ratio [OR]=2.21, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.09–4.50) and a higher urinary albumin (OR=2.04, 95% CI: 1.13–3.69) than their low cadmium (<0.18 μg/L) peers. In addition, for any given cadmium exposure, low serum zinc is associated with elevated risk of reduced eGFR (OR=3.38, 95% CI: 1.39–8.28). A similar increase in the odds ratio was observed between declining serum zinc and albuminuria but failed to reach statistical significance. Those with lower serum zinc/blood cadmium ratios were likewise at a greater risk of renal dysfunction (p<0.01). Conclusions: This study results suggest that low serum zinc concentrations are associated with an increased risk of cadmium nephrotoxicity. Elevated cadmium exposure is global public health issue and the assessment of zinc nutritional status may be an important covariate in determining its effective renal toxicity. - Highlights: • Blood cadmium was associated with increased risk of nephrotoxicity. • Low serum zinc may exacerbate risk of cadmium-mediated renal dysfunction. • Both zinc deficiency and elevated cadmium exposure are global public health issues

41 CFR 102-118.60 - To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-01-01

... agency use electronic commerce? 102-118.60 Section 102-118.60 Public Contracts and Property Management... Services § 102-118.60 To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce? Your agency must use electronic commerce in all areas of your transportation program. This includes the use of electronic systems...

41 CFR 102-118.60 - To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... agency use electronic commerce? 102-118.60 Section 102-118.60 Public Contracts and Property Management... Services § 102-118.60 To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce? Your agency must use electronic commerce in all areas of your transportation program. This includes the use of electronic systems...

41 CFR 102-118.60 - To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... agency use electronic commerce? 102-118.60 Section 102-118.60 Public Contracts and Property Management... Services § 102-118.60 To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce? Your agency must use electronic commerce in all areas of your transportation program. This includes the use of electronic systems...

41 CFR 102-118.60 - To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-07-01

... agency use electronic commerce? 102-118.60 Section 102-118.60 Public Contracts and Property Management... Services § 102-118.60 To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce? Your agency must use electronic commerce in all areas of your transportation program. This includes the use of electronic systems...

41 CFR 102-118.60 - To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-01-01

... agency use electronic commerce? 102-118.60 Section 102-118.60 Public Contracts and Property Management... Services § 102-118.60 To what extent must my agency use electronic commerce? Your agency must use electronic commerce in all areas of your transportation program. This includes the use of electronic systems...

21 CFR 133.118 - Colby cheese.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

...: (1) The word “milk” means cow's milk, which may be adjusted by separating part of the fat therefrom... Products § 133.118 Colby cheese. (a) Colby cheese is the food prepared from milk and other ingredients... the methods prescribed in § 133.5 (a), (b), and (d). If the milk used is not pasteurized, the cheese...

75 FR 51246 - Petition Requesting Regulations Restricting Cadmium in Children's Products

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2010-08-19

... Restricting Cadmium in Children's Products AGENCY: Consumer Product Safety Commission. ACTION: Notice. SUMMARY... standards restricting cadmium in children's products, especially toy metal jewelry. The Commission invites... cadmium by weight which could be ingested by children be declared a banned hazardous substance. If the...

Effects of Nano-zinc on Biochemical Parameters in Cadmium-Exposed Rats.

PubMed

Hejazy, Marzie; Koohi, Mohammad Kazem

2017-12-01

Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic environmental and occupational pollutant with reported toxic effects on the kidneys, liver, lungs, bones, and the immunity system. Based on its physicochemical similarity to cadmium, zinc (Zn) shows protective effects against cadmium toxicity and cadmium accumulation in the body. Nano-zinc and nano-zinc oxide (ZnO), recently used in foods and pharmaceutical products, can release a great amount of Zn 2+ in their environment. This research was carried out to investigate the more potent properties of the metal zinc among sub-acute cadmium intoxicated rats. Seventy-five male Wistar rats were caged in 15 groups. Cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) was used in drinking water to induce cadmium toxicity. Different sizes (15, 20, and 30 nm) and doses of nano-zinc particles (3, 10, 100 mg/kg body weight [bw]) were administered solely and simultaneously with CdCl 2 (2-5 mg/kg bw) for 28 days. The experimental animals were decapitated, and the biochemical biomarkers (enzymatic and non-enzymatic) were determined in their serum after oral exposure to nano-zinc and cadmium. Statistical analysis was carried out with a one-way ANOVA and t test. P < 0.05 was considered as statistically significant. The haematocrit (HCT) significantly increased and blood coagulation time significantly reduced in the nano-zinc-treated rats. AST, ALT, triglyceride, total cholesterol, LDL, and free fatty acids increased significantly in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls. However, albumin, total protein, and HDLc significantly decreased in the cadmium- and nano-zinc-treated rats compared with the controls (P < 0.05). It seems that in the oral administration of nano-zinc, the smaller sizes with low doses and the larger sizes with high doses are more toxic than metallic zinc. In a few cases, an inverse dose-dependent relationship was seen as well. This research showed that in spite of larger sizes of zinc, smaller sizes of nano-zinc particles are not

CADMIUM PHOSPHATE GLASS

DOEpatents

Carpenter, H.W.; Johnson, P.D.

1963-04-01

A method of preparing a cadmium phosphate glass that comprises providing a mixture of solid inorganic compounds of cadmuim and phosphate having vaporizable components and heating the resulting composition to a temperature of at least 850 un. Concent 85% C is presented. (AEC)

Cadmium removal from water using thiolactic acid-modified titanium dioxide nanoparticles.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Skubal, L. R.; Meshkov, N. K.; Rajh, T.

2002-05-31

This study investigated the use of titanium dioxide (TiO{sub 2}) nanoparticles to remove aqueous cadmium from simulated wastewaters. Nanosized (45 A) colloids of anatase TiO{sub 2} were synthesized through the controlled hydrolysis of TiCl4 and their surfaces modified with the bidental chelating agent thiolactic acid (TLA). Colloids were introduced into 65 ppm cadmium-laden waters, and the suspensions were purged aerobically, anoxically with an inert gas, or by a sequential aerobic/anoxic purge. Suspensions were illuminated with 253.7 nm light. In each experiment, samples were taken from the reactor, filtered, and the filtrates analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy for residual cadmium. Resultsmore » from the aerobic experiments exhibited minimal (approximately 10%) removal of the cadmium from solution and no reduction of the metal on either the modified or the unmodified colloid. Anoxic results were more promising, showing no cadmium reduction on the unmodified colloid but a 40% adsorption and reduction (from a +2 valence state to elemental cadmium as determined by methyl viologen tests) of cadmium on TLA-modified colloid in the presence of light. Results from the mixed atmospheric conditions fared the best and demonstrated that in the absence of light, approximately 20% of aqueous cadmium was sorbed to the modified colloid via a Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Upon illumination, greater than 90% of cadmium was removed by both adsorption and reduction processes onto the TLA-modified TiO{sub 2}. These removal and reduction processes were catalytic in nature. Results from this study are significant because to date, no other research in the literature has been able to accomplish cadmium removal and reduction using TiO{sub 2}.« less

Physiological response of Arundo donax to cadmium stress by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy.

PubMed

Yu, Shunhui; Sheng, Li; Zhang, Chunyan; Deng, Hongping

2018-06-05

The present paper deals with the physiological response of the changes in chemical contents of the root, stem and leaf of Arundo donax seedlings stressed by excess cadmium using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique, cadmium accumulation in plant by atomic absorption spectroscopy were tested after different concentrations cadmium stress. The results showed that low cadmium concentrations (<1.0mg/L) the root tissue of Arundo donax uses osmosis of organic substances (e.g. carbohydrates and amino acids) to improve cadmium tolerance. Organic substances (e.g. carbohydrates) that contain a lot of OH in leaf were transported to the root firstly and then could chelate cadmium, but no obvious changes in stems were noted. The cadmium in the shoots (stem and leaf) usually increased with increasing cadmium concentration. These studies demonstrate the potential of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy technique for the non-invasive and rapid monitoring of the plants stressed with heavy metals, Arundo donax is suitable for phytoremediation of cadmium -contaminated wetland. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Cadmium-sensitive, cad1 mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana are phytochelatin deficient.

PubMed Central

Howden, R; Goldsbrough, P B; Andersen, C R; Cobbett, C S

1995-01-01

An allelic series of cad1, cadmium-sensitive mutants of Arabidopsis thaliana, was isolated. These mutants were sensitive to cadmium to different extents and were deficient in their ability to form cadmium-peptide complexes as detected by gel-filtration chromatography. Each mutant was deficient in its ability to accumulate phytochelatins (PCs) as detected by high-performance liquid chromatography and the amount of PCs accumulated by each mutant correlated with its degree of sensitivity to cadmium. The mutants had wild-type levels of glutathione, the substrate for PC biosynthesis, and in vitro assays demonstrated that each of the mutants was deficient in PC synthase activity. These results demonstrate conclusively the importance of PCs for cadmium tolerance in plants. PMID:7770517

Curcumin regulates airway epithelial cell cytokine responses to the pollutant cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Rennolds, Jessica; Malireddy, Smitha; Hassan, Fatemat

2012-01-06

Highlights: Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cadmium induces secretion of IL-6 and IL-8 by two distinct pathways. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Cadmium increases NAPDH oxidase activity leading to Erk activation and IL-8 secretion. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Curcumin prevents cadmium-induced secretion of both IL-6 and IL-8 by airway cells. Black-Right-Pointing-Pointer Curcumin could be use to suppress lung inflammation due to cadmium inhalation. -- Abstract: Cadmium is a toxic metal present in the environment and its inhalation can lead to pulmonary disease such as lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These lung diseases are characterized by chronic inflammation. Here we show that exposure of human airway epithelial cells to cadmiummore » promotes a polarized apical secretion of IL-6 and IL-8, two pivotal pro-inflammatory cytokines known to play an important role in pulmonary inflammation. We also determined that two distinct pathways controlled secretion of these proinflammatory cytokines by human airway epithelial cells as cadmium-induced IL-6 secretion occurs via an NF-{kappa}B dependent pathway, whereas IL-8 secretion involves the Erk1/2 signaling pathway. Interestingly, the natural antioxidant curcumin could prevent both cadmium-induced IL-6 and IL-8 secretion by human airway epithelial cells. In conclusion, curcumin could be used to prevent airway inflammation due to cadmium inhalation.« less

Cleanup Verification Package for the 118-F-5 PNL Sawdust Pit

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

L. D. Habel

2008-05-20

This cleanup verification package documents completion of remedial action, sampling activities, and compliance with cleanup criteria for the 118-F-5 Burial Ground, the PNL (Pacific Northwest Laboratory) Sawdust Pit. The 118-F-5 Burial Ground was an unlined trench that received radioactive sawdust from the floors of animal pens in the 100-F Experimental Animal Farm.

Update on Alternatives for Cadmium Coatings on Military Electrical Connectors

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-03-01

Update on Alternatives for Cadmium Coatings on Military Electrical Connectors The metal finishing industry hasbeen impacted by numerous reg- ulatory...government agen- cies to reduce the quantity of toxic and hazardous chemicals and materi- als acquired, used, or disposed. Cadmium and hexavalent...of cadmium and hexavalent chromium in ground vehicles and related systems. The National Defense Center for Energy and Environment (NDCEE), operated

Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells | Photovoltaic Research | NREL

Science.gov Websites

Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Cadmium Telluride Solar Cells Photovoltaic (PV) solar cells based on leadership. The United States is the leader in CdTe PV manufacturing, and NREL has been at the forefront of research and development (R&D) in this area. PV Research Other Materials & Devices pages: High

Cadmium removal using Cladophora in batch, semi-batch and flow reactors.

PubMed

Sternberg, Steven P K; Dorn, Ryan W

2002-02-01

This study presents the results of using viable algae to remove cadmium from a synthetic wastewater. In batch and semi-batch tests, a local strain of Cladophora algae removed 80-94% of the cadmium introduced. The flow experiments that followed were conducted using non-local Cladophora parriaudii. Results showed that the alga removed only 12.7(+/-6.4)% of the cadmium introduced into the reactor. Limited removal was the result of insufficient algal quantities and poor contact between the algae and cadmium solution.

Deposition of cadmium in tissues of Coturnix quail fed honey bees

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Stoewsand, G.S.; Morse, R.A.; Bache, C.A.

1987-05-01

Insects have been reported to concentrate cadmium probably through food or water intake or by contact with contaminated surfaces. It is conceivable that avian species consuming such insects could concentrate cadmium in their tissues. In the work reported here, domesticated honey bees were found to contain appreciable levels of cadmium. The bees were collected in quantity and fed to Coturnix quail to study the extent to which an avian species may accumulate cadmium in liver and kidney as well as in their eggs.

Microbial remediation of soils co-contaminated with 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and cadmium

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Roane, T.M.; Pepper, I.L.

1997-12-31

One-third of organically-polluted sites are also contaminated with metals; however, the bioremediation potential of such sites is not clear. While metals are thought to inhibit the abilities of microbial communities to degrade organic pollutants, several microbial-metal resistance mechanisms are known to exist. This study utilizes cadmium-resistant soil microorganisms to enhance the degradation of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) in the presence of cadmium. Cadmium-resistant bacteria were isolated from both a 40-year-old metal-contaminated soil and an uncontaminated soil. During growth experiments, it was found that the uncontaminated soil had a greater number of resistant isolates at low concentrations of cadmium, while the cadmium-contaminatedmore » soil exhibited higher microbial resistance with increased cadmium concentrations. ERIC PCR fingerprints discriminated among the cadmium-resistant isolates identified by BIOLOG as Bacillus, Corynecbacterium, Pseudomonas, and Xanthomonas spp. These isolates were resistant to concentrations ranging from 5 to 275 ppm soluble cadmium. In conventional degradation studies, two resistant isolates, a Bacillus and an unidentified Gram positive rod, supported the degradation of 500 ppm 2,4-D by the cadmium-sensitive 2,4-D degrader Alcaligenes eutrophus JMP134 in the presence of 20 and 40 ppm soluble cadmium, respectively.« less

Extensive Variation in Cadmium Tolerance and Accumulation among Populations of Chamaecrista fasciculata

PubMed Central

Henson, Tessa M.; Cory, Wendy; Rutter, Matthew T.

2013-01-01

Plant populations may vary substantially in their tolerance for and accumulation of heavy metals, and assessment of this variability is important when selecting species to use in restoration or phytoremediation projects. We examined the population variation in cadmium tolerance and accumulation in a leguminous pioneer species native to the eastern United States, the partridge pea (Chamaecrista fasciculata). We assayed growth, reproduction and patterns of cadmium accumulation in six populations of C. fasciculata grown on a range of cadmium-contaminated soils. In general, C. fasciculata exhibited tolerance in low to moderate soil cadmium concentrations. Both tolerance and accumulation patterns varied across populations. C. fasciculata exhibited many characteristics of a hyperaccumulator species, with high cadmium uptake in shoots and roots. However, cadmium was excluded from extrafloral nectar. As a legume with tolerance for moderate cadmium contamination, C. fasciculata has potential for phytoremediation. However, our findings also indicate the importance of considering the effects of genetic variation on plant performance when screening plant populations for utilization in remediation and restoration activities. Also, there is potential for cadmium contamination to affect other species through contamination of leaves, fruits, flowers, pollen and root nodules. PMID:23667586

Low-level cadmium exposure and effects on kidney function

PubMed Central

Wallin, Maria; Sallsten, Gerd; Lundh, Thomas; Barregard, Lars

2014-01-01

Objectives The nephrotoxicity of cadmium at low levels of exposure, measured by urinary cadmium, has recently been questioned since co-excretion of cadmium and proteins may have causes other than cadmium toxicity. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between kidney function and low or moderate cadmium levels, measured directly in kidney biopsies. Methods We analysed cadmium in kidney biopsies (K-Cd), blood (B-Cd) and urine (U-Cd) from 109 living kidney donors in a cross-sectional study. We measured glomerular filtration rate (GFR), cystatin C in serum, albumin, β-2-microglobulin (B2M), retinol-binding protein (RBP), α-1-microglobulin (A1M), N-acetyl-β-d-glucosaminidase and kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) in 24 h and overnight urine. Results We found significant positive associations between A1M excretion and K-Cd in multiple regression models including age, sex, weight, smoking and urinary flow rate. This association was also present in never-smokers. A1M was also positively associated with B-Cd and U-Cd. GFR and the other biomarkers of kidney function were not associated with K-Cd. GFR estimated from serum cystatin C showed a very poor correlation with measured GFR. KIM-1, RBP and possibly albumin were positively associated with U-Cd, but only in overnight urine. No associations were found with B2M. Conclusions Our results suggest that A1M in urine is a sensitive biomarker for effects of low-level cadmium exposure. A few associations between other renal biomarkers and U-Cd, but not K-Cd, were probably caused by physiological co-excretion or chance. PMID:25286916

Effects of blood lead and cadmium levels on homocysteine level in plasma.

PubMed

Cai, R; Zheng, Y-F; Bu, J-G; Zhang, Y-Y; Fu, S-L; Wang, X-G; Guo, L-L; Zhang, J-R

2017-01-01

We studied the effect of non-occupational exposure to lead and cadmium on homocysteine level in plasma. Homocysteine is a marker for plasma folate folic acid metabolism in urban populations. 159 individuals from Beijing, Guangzhou, Shenzhen and Shanghai with no history of close exposure to heavy metals and no history of metabolic diseases were enrolled to participate in this study. Blood lead and cadmium levels were detected using ICP-MS method and the level of homocysteine was also measured using enzyme method. Our results showed that blood lead and cadmium levels in males were significantly higher than those in females. Also, blood lead and cadmium levels in smokers were higher than those in non-smokers; homocysteine level was significantly higher in smokers as well. According to blood lead and cadmium levels, cases were divided into four groups. Our results showed that a surge in blood lead and cadmium levels could result in an increase in homocysteine level. We concluded that in the Chinese population, smoking and gender might be the risk factors for elevated levels of lead and cadmium. Meanwhile, blood lead and cadmium levels may influence the homocysteine levels in the body. It is possible to speculate that non-occupational exposure to lead and cadmium, by increasing the homocysteine levels, negatively affect the cardiovascular and nervous system.

Cadmium exposure among residents in an area contaminated by irrigation water in China.

PubMed

Cai, S; Yue, L; Shang, Q; Nordberg, G

1995-01-01

River water used to irrigate arable land in Dayu County, Jiangxi Province, China, is polluted with cadmium from tailings and the wastewater of tungsten ore dressing plants. From information about the date on construction of ore dressing plants and an analysis of the annual growth rings of trees, we deduced that local residents have been exposed to cadmium for at least 25 years. Cadmium exposure was estimated based on a meal survey, which indicated that 99.5% of the oral cadmium intake came from rice and vegetables grown locally. The average oral intake of cadmium was calculated to be 367-382 micrograms/ day. Smokers had additional exposure from locally grown cadmium-containing tobacco. Cadmium concentrations in samples of urine (11 micrograms/g creatinine), blood (12 micrograms/l) and in the hair (0.11 microgram/g) of persons in the exposed area were high. The cadmium exposure lies in a range that can be considered to cause adverse renal effects in the long term.

Studies on cadmium-induced inhibition of hepatic microsomal drug biotransformation in the rat.

PubMed Central

Schnell, R C; Means, J R; Roberts, S A; Pence, D H

1979-01-01

Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of hepatic microsomal drug biotransformation in the rat. Male rats receiving a single intraperitoneal dose of cadmium exhibit significant decreases in hepatic microsomal metabolism of a variety of substrates. The threshold cadmium dose is 0.84 mg Cd/kg, and the effect lasts at least 28 days. Mechanistically, the inhibitory effect results from decreased cytochrome P-450 content since cadmium does not alter NADPH cytochrome c reductase activity. This effect is also observed following acute oral administration of cadmium in doses greater than 80 mg Cd/kg but is not observed following chronic administration of the metal via drinking water in concentrations of 5-200 ppm for periods ranging from 2 to 50 weeks. A tolerance to the inhibitory cadmium effect is observed if male rats are pretreated with subthreshold doses of the metal prior to the challenge cadmium dose. The degree of tolerance can be overcome by increasing the challenge dose of cadmium. Characterization of the tolerance phenomenon in terms of onset, duration, and intensity reveals a good correlation with the kinetics of metallothionein production, suggesting that the underlying basis for the tolerance phenomenon is likely the induction of metallothionein. A sex-related difference in the inhibitory effect of cadmium was observed. Cadmium did not inhibit the metabolism of hexobarbital or ethylmorphine in female rats but did inhibit that of aniline or zoxazolamine. Cadmium did not lower cytochrome P-450 content in female rats. PMID:488042

Top-down solid-phase fabrication of nanoporous cadmium oxide architectures.

PubMed

Yu, Haidong; Wang, Deshen; Han, Ming-Yong

2007-02-28

In this article, we have demonstrated one-step solid-phase transformation from high-quality cadmium carbonate microcrystals into highly nanoporous cadmium oxide. The high crystal quality of cadmium carbonate is critical for the successful fabrication of porous nanoarchitectures with predetermined morphology and well-controlled internal structure. This novel strategy has a good potential to prepare nanoporous materials at a large scale by using perfect monolithic carbonate crystals, and it is also useful to synthesize different nanoporous materials on metal-oxide-coated substrates. Meanwhile, this simple thermal transformation of cadmium carbonate into porous structures has further been extended to convert calcium carbonate into such porous structures.

ACTS 118x Final Report High-Speed TCP Interoperability Testing

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ivancic, William D.; Zernic, Mike; Hoder, Douglas J.; Brooks, David E.; Beering, Dave R.; Welch, Arun

1999-01-01

With the recent explosion of the Internet and the enormous business opportunities available to communication system providers, great interest has developed in improving the efficiency of data transfer using the Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) of the Internet Protocol (IP) suite. The satellite system providers are interested in solving TCP efficiency problems associated with long delays and error-prone links. Similarly, the terrestrial community is interested in solving TCP problems over high-bandwidth links. Whereas the wireless community is interested in improving TCP performance over bandwidth constrained, error-prone links. NASA realized that solutions had already been proposed for most of the problems associated with efficient data transfer over large bandwidth-delay links (which include satellite links). The solutions are detailed in various Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) Request for Comments (RFCs). Unfortunately, most of these solutions had not been tested at high-speed (155+ Mbps). Therefore, the NASA's ACTS experiments program initiated a series of TCP experiments to demonstrate scalability of TCP/IP and determine how far the protocol can be optimized over a 622 Mbps satellite link. These experiments were known as the 118i and 118j experiments. During the 118i and 118j experiments, NASA worked closely with SUN Microsystems and FORE Systems to improve the operating system, TCP stacks. and network interface cards and drivers. We were able to obtain instantaneous data throughput rates of greater than 520 Mbps and average throughput rates of 470 Mbps using TCP over Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) over a 622 Mbps Synchronous Optical Network (SONET) OC12 link. Following the success of these experiments and the successful government/industry collaboration, a new series of experiments. the 118x experiments. were developed.

Mineral resource of the month: cadmium

USGS Publications Warehouse

Tolcin, Amy C.

2012-01-01

The element cadmium was discovered in 1817 by Friedrich Stromeyer, a professor of chemistry at the University of Göttingen in Germany. Stromeyer noticed that a yellowish glow would occur when heat was applied to certain samples of calamine, a zinc-carbonate. This was unusual as the reaction was expected to be colorless. After further testing, Stromeyer deduced that an unknown metallic impurity in the carbonate caused the color change. He called the new metal "cadmium" after "kadmeia," the Greek word for calamine.

Associations of lead and cadmium with sex hormones in adult males

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kresovich, Jacob K., E-mail: jkreso2@uic.edu; Argos, Maria; Turyk, Mary E.

Heavy metal exposures are ubiquitous in the environment and their relation to sex hormones is not well understood. This paper investigates the associations between selected heavy metals (lead and cadmium) and sex hormones (testosterone, free testosterone, estradiol, free estradiol) as well as other major molecules in the steroid biosynthesis pathway (androstanedione glucuronide and sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG)). Blood lead and cadmium were selected as biomarkers of exposure, and tested for associations in males using National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999–2004. After adjustment for age, race, body mass index, smoking status, diabetes and alcohol intake, blood leadmore » was positively associated with testosterone and SHBG while blood cadmium was positively associated with SHBG. After controlling for additional heavy metal exposure, the associations between lead and testosterone as well as cadmium and SHBG remained significant. Furthermore, the association between blood lead and testosterone was modified by smoking status (P for interaction=0.011), diabetes (P for interaction=0.021) and blood cadmium (P for interaction=0.029). The association between blood cadmium and SHBG levels was modified by blood lead (P for interaction=0.004). This study is the most comprehensive investigation to date regarding the association between heavy metals and sex hormones in males. - Highlights: • We used a nationally representative dataset (NHANES) and employed sample weighting. • We examined associations between lead and cadmium with sex-hormone levels. • Blood lead level was positively associated with serum testosterone and SHBG levels. • Blood cadmium level was positively associated with SHBG levels, modified by lead. • Diabetes, smoking and cadmium modified lead and testosterone association.« less

Leucocytes DNA damage in mice exposed to JS-118 by the comet assay.

PubMed

Zhang, Tao; Hu, Jiye; Zhang, Yuchao; Zhao, Qianfei; Ning, Jun

2011-09-01

JS-118 is an extensively used insecticide in China. The present study investigated the genotoxic effect of JS-118 on whole blood at 24, 48, 72 and 96 h by using alkaline comet assay. Male Kunming mice were given 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg BW of JS-118 intraperitoneally. A statistically significant increase in all comet parameters indicating DNA damage was observed at 24 h post-treatment (p < 0.05). A clear concentration-dependent increase of DNA damage was revealed as evident by the OTM (arbitrary units), tail length (µm) and tail DNA (%). From 48 h post-treatment, a gradual decrease in mean comet parameters was noted. By 96 h of post-treatment, the mean comet tail length reached control levels indicating repair of damaged DNA. This study on mice showed different DNA damage depending on the concentration of JS-118 and the period of treatment. The present study provided further information of the potential risk of the genetic damage caused by JS-118.

[Soil cadmium pollution: environmental and hygienic aspects].

PubMed

Mudryĭ, I V

2003-01-01

The paper deals with modes of detection of soil cadmium, with the effects of its pollution and with toxicity on man, microorganisms and soil biocenoses. It shows why cadmium migrates and translocates into plants. The problem of development of hygienic specifications of the metal is analyzed in relation to the protective properties of soil and the data obtained from the monitoring of a region.

A circadian clock regulates sensitivity to cadmium in Paramecium tetraurelia.

PubMed

Hinrichsen, Robert D; Tran, Joseph R

2010-08-01

The heavy metal cadmium is a dangerous environmental toxicant that can be lethal to humans and other organisms. This paper demonstrates that cadmium is lethal to the ciliated protozoan Paramecium tetraurelia and that a circadian clock modulates the sensitivity of the cells to cadmium. Various concentrations of cadmium were shown to increase the number of behavioral responses, decrease the swimming speed of cells, and generate large vacuole formation in cells prior to death. Cells were grown in either 12-h light/12-h dark or constant dark conditions exhibited a toxic response to 500 microM CdCl(2); the sensitivity of the response was found to vary with a 24-h periodicity. Cells were most sensitive to cadmium at circadian time 0 (CT0), while they were least sensitive in the early evening (CT12). This rhythm persisted even when the cells were grown in constant dark. The oscillation in cadmium sensitivity was shown to be temperature-compensated; cells grown at 18 degrees C and 28 degrees C had a similar 24-h oscillation. Finally, phase shifting experiments demonstrated a phase-dependent response to light. These data establish the criteria required for a circadian clock and demonstrate that P. tetraurelia possesses a circadian-influenced regulatory component of the cadmium toxic response. The Paramecium system is shown to be an excellent model system for the study of the effects of biological rhythms on heavy metal toxicity.

BILIARY EXCRETION AND TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF CADMIUM-109 ADMINISTERED TO RATS

EPA Science Inventory

The difference in the excretion of cadmium in urine and feces was measured in rats with either ligated or intact bile ducts. Three days following a single oral-administration of cadmium-109 plus stabe cadmium chloride, 0.004 percent of the dose was excreted in the urine of rats w...

Urinary cadmium and blood pressure: results from the NHANES II survey.

PubMed Central

Whittemore, A S; DiCiccio, Y; Provenzano, G

1991-01-01

Relationships between urinary cadmium levels and blood pressure were examined in a sample of 951 adult men and women who participated in the Second National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES II). Among all participants, positive relationships were seen between urinary cadmium levels and both systolic and diastolic blood pressure (p less than 0.05 and p less than 0.01, respectively), after adjusting for age, sex, race, relative body weight, smoking status, and hypertensive medication use. However, analyses for subgroups determined by sex and smoking status were inconsistent. Among current smokers, urinary cadmium levels were significantly positively associated with both systolic and diastolic blood pressure for women, and with diastolic blood pressure for men. Yet among former smokers and lifelong nonsmokers of both sexes, urinary cadmium was not significantly associated with either systolic or diastolic blood pressure. Evidence that some hypertensive medications increase urinary cadmium excretion suggests that the positive associations seen among current smokers may reflect high urinary cadmium levels among hypertensives induced by hypertensive treatment. After treated hypertensives were removed from the analysis, regression coefficients relating blood pressure to cadmium dropped by a factor of two and lost statistical significance. We conclude that the present data provide little support for a causal association between systemic cadmium and hypertension at nonoccupational exposure levels. Further, conflicting results of previous studies may reflect failure to control adequately for age, smoking status, and hypertensive treatment. PMID:2040243

SUBSTITUTION OF CADMIUM CYANIDE ELECTROPLATING WITH ZINC CHLORIDE ELECTROPLATING

EPA Science Inventory

The study evaluated the zinc chloride electroplating process as a substitute for cadmium cyanide electroplating in the manufacture of industrial connectors and fittings at Aeroquip Corporation. The process substitution eliminates certain wastes, specifically cadmium and cyanide, ...

40 CFR 92.118 - Analyzer checks and calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION FROM LOCOMOTIVES AND LOCOMOTIVE ENGINES Test Procedures § 92.118... sampling system at the sample probe or valve V2 at atmospheric pressure. Simultaneously, start the time...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371... SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause 1352.271-87, Changes—Ship Repair, in all solicitations and...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371... SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause 1352.271-87, Changes—Ship Repair, in all solicitations and...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371... SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause 1352.271-87, Changes—Ship Repair, in all solicitations and...

48 CFR 1371.118 - Changes-ship repair.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 5 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Changes-ship repair. 1371... SUPPLEMENTAL REGULATIONS ACQUISITIONS INVOLVING SHIP CONSTRUCTION AND SHIP REPAIR Provisions and Clauses 1371.118 Changes—ship repair. Insert clause 1352.271-87, Changes—Ship Repair, in all solicitations and...

Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium-induced acute liver injury

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Wu, Kai C.; Liu, Jie J.; Klaassen, Curtis D., E-mail: cklaasse@kumc.edu

2012-08-15

Oxidative stress plays an important role in cadmium-induced liver injury. Nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) is a transcription factor that up-regulates cytoprotective genes in response to oxidative stress. To investigate the role of Nrf2 in cadmium-induced hepatotoxicity, Nrf2-null mice, wild-type mice, kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1-knockdown (Keap1-KD) mice with enhanced Nrf2, and Keap1-hepatocyte knockout (Keap1-HKO) mice with maximum Nrf2 activation were treated with cadmium chloride (3.5 mg Cd/kg, i.p.). Blood and liver samples were collected 8 h thereafter. Cadmium increased serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and caused extensive hepatic hemorrhage and necrosis in the Nrf2-nullmore » mice. In contrast, Nrf2-enhanced mice had lower serum ALT and LDH activities and less morphological alternations in the livers than wild-type mice. H{sub 2}DCFDA (2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluoresein diacetate) staining of primary hepatocytes isolated from the four genotypes of mice indicated that oxidative stress was higher in Nrf2-null cells, and lower in Nrf2-enhanced cells than in wild-type cells. To further investigate the mechanism of the protective effect of Nrf2, mRNA of metallothionein (MT) and other cytoprotective genes were determined. Cadmium markedly induced MT-1 and MT-2 in livers of all four genotypes of mice. In contrast, genes involved in glutathione synthesis and reducing reactive oxygen species, including glutamate-cysteine ligase (Gclc), glutathione peroxidase-2 (Gpx2), and sulfiredoxin-1 (Srxn-1) were only induced in Nrf2-enhanced mice, but not in Nrf2-null mice. In conclusion, the present study shows that Nrf2 activation prevents cadmium-induced oxidative stress and liver injury through induction of genes involved in antioxidant defense rather than genes that scavenge Cd. -- Highlights: ► Cadmium caused extensive hepatic hemorrhage and necrosis in Nrf2-null mice. ► Keap1-KD and Keap1

Cadmium is a potent inhibitor of PPM phosphatases and targets the M1 binding site

PubMed Central

Pan, Chang; Liu, Hong-Da; Gong, Zheng; Yu, Xiao; Hou, Xu-Ben; Xie, Di-Dong; Zhu, Xi-Bin; Li, Hao-Wen; Tang, Jun-Yi; Xu, Yun-Fei; Yu, Jia-Qi; Zhang, Lian-Ying; Fang, Hao; Xiao, Kun-Hong; Chen, Yu-Guo; Wang, Jiang-Yun; Pang, Qi; Chen, Wei; Sun, Jin-Peng

2013-01-01

The heavy metal cadmium is a non-degradable pollutant. By screening the effects of a panel of metal ions on the phosphatase activity, we unexpectedly identified cadmium as a potent inhibitor of PPM1A and PPM1G. In contrast, low micromolar concentrations of cadmium did not inhibit PP1 or tyrosine phosphatases. Kinetic studies revealed that cadmium inhibits PPM phosphatases through the M1 metal ion binding site. In particular, the negative charged D441 in PPM1G specific recognized cadmium. Our results suggest that cadmium is likely a potent inhibitor of most PPM family members except for PHLPPs. Furthermore, we demonstrated that cadmium inhibits PPM1A-regulated MAPK signaling and PPM1G-regulated AKT signaling potently in vivo. Cadmium reversed PPM1A-induced cell cycle arrest and cadmium insensitive PPM1A mutant rescued cadmium induced cell death. Taken together, these findings provide a better understanding of the effects of the toxicity of cadmium in the contexts of human physiology and pathology. PMID:23903585

Cadmium in forest ecosystems around lead smelters in Missouri.

PubMed Central

Gale, N L; Wixson, B G

1979-01-01

The development of Missouri's new lead belt within the past decase has provided an excellent opportunity to study the dissemination and effects of heavy metals in a deciduous forest ecosystem. Primary lead smelters within the new lead belt have been identified as potential sources of cadmium as well as lead, zinc, and copper. Sintering and blast furnace operations tend to produce significant quantities of small particulates highly enriched in cadmium and other heavy metals. At one smelter, samples of stack particulate emissions indicate that as ms accompanied by 0.44 lb zinc, 4.66 lb lead, and 0.01 lb copper/hr. These point-source emissions, as well as a number of other sources of fugitive (wind blown) and waterborne emissions contribute to a significant deposition of cadmium in the surrounding forest and stream beds. Mobilization of vagrant heavy metals may be significantly increased by contact of baghouse dusts or scrubber slurries with acidic effluents emanating from acid plants designed to produce H2SO4 as a smelter by-product. Two separate drainage forks within the Crooked Creek watershed permit some comparisons of the relative contributions of cadmium by air-borne versus water-borne contaminants. Cadmium and other heavy metals have been found to accumulate in the forest litter and partially decomposed litter along stream beds. Greater solubility, lower levels of complexation with organic ligands in the litter, and greater overall mobility of cadmium compared with lead, zinc, and copper result in appreciable contributions of dissolved cadmium to the watershed runoff. The present paper attempts to define the principle sources and current levels of heavy metal contamination and summarizes the efforts undertaken by the industry to curtail the problem. PMID:488037

14 CFR 1230.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 1230.118 Section 1230.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS § 1230.118 Applications and proposals...

14 CFR 1230.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2011-01-01 2010-01-01 true Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 1230.118 Section 1230.118 Aeronautics and Space NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION PROTECTION OF HUMAN SUBJECTS § 1230.118 Applications and proposals...

41 CFR 102-118.535 - Are there principles governing my agency's TSP debt collection procedures?

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-01-01

... 41 Public Contracts and Property Management 3 2011-01-01 2011-01-01 false Are there principles governing my agency's TSP debt collection procedures? 102-118.535 Section 102-118.535 Public Contracts and... REGULATION TRANSPORTATION 118-TRANSPORTATION PAYMENT AND AUDIT Claims and Appeal Procedures General Agency...

Chronic cadmium exposure in vitro induces cancer cell characteristics in human lung cells

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Person, Rachel J.; Tokar, Erik J.; Xu, Yuanyuan

Cadmium is a known human lung carcinogen. Here, we attempt to develop an in vitro model of cadmium-induced human lung carcinogenesis by chronically exposing the peripheral lung epithelia cell line, HPL-1D, to a low level of cadmium. Cells were chronically exposed to 5 μM cadmium, a noncytotoxic level, and monitored for acquired cancer characteristics. By 20 weeks of continuous cadmium exposure, these chronic cadmium treated lung (CCT-LC) cells showed marked increases in secreted MMP-2 activity (3.5-fold), invasion (3.4-fold), and colony formation in soft agar (2-fold). CCT-LC cells were hyperproliferative, grew well in serum-free media, and overexpressed cyclin D1. The CCT-LCmore » cells also showed decreased expression of the tumor suppressor genes p16 and SLC38A3 at the protein levels. Also consistent with an acquired cancer cell phenotype, CCT-LC cells showed increased expression of the oncoproteins K-RAS and N-RAS as well as the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition marker protein Vimentin. Metallothionein (MT) expression is increased by cadmium, and is typically overexpressed in human lung cancers. The major MT isoforms, MT-1A and MT-2A were elevated in CCT-LC cells. Oxidant adaptive response genes HO-1 and HIF-1A were also activated in CCT-LC cells. Expression of the metal transport genes ZNT-1, ZNT-5, and ZIP-8 increased in CCT-LC cells culminating in reduced cadmium accumulation, suggesting adaptation to the metal. Overall, these data suggest that exposure of human lung epithelial cells to cadmium causes acquisition of cancer cell characteristics. Furthermore, transformation occurs despite the cell's ability to adapt to chronic cadmium exposure. - Highlights: • Chronic cadmium exposure induces cancer cell characteristics in human lung cells. • This provides an in vitro model of cadmium-induced human lung cell transformation. • This occurred with general and lung specific changes typical for cancer cells. • These findings add insight to the

[Effect of fluorine, selenium and cadmium on anti-oxidase and microelements in rat's body].

PubMed

Mou, Suhua; Qin, Si; Hu, Qituo; Duan, Xianyu

2004-03-01

To study the effect of fluorine, selenium and cadmium on lipid peroxide(LPO), the activity of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and microelements such as cadmium, selenium and zinc in rats. Measurement of the contents of LPO, GSH-Px and microelements such as cadmium, selenium and zinc in SD rats after killing that have drunk water containing fluorine, selenium and cadmium eight-week ago. The contents of GSH-Px in the serum, liver and kidney of rats that were contaminated with fluorine, selenium and cadmium respectively remarkably reduced and the content of LPO noticeably increased in comparison with those of rats without being contaminated. The contents of GSH-Px noticeably increased and LPO remarkably reduced in those contaminated with the combination of any two of the three elements when compared with those in the rats contaminated with any one element of them, while the contents of GSH-Px in those contaminated with the combination of the three elements increased even more. Excessive selenium or cadmium led to the increase of selenium content in kidney and cadmium content in liver by several times. Excessive fluorine or cadmium gave rise to the lack of selenium and zinc. Selenium brought out universal increase of zinc in liver and kidney. The combination of fluorine and selenium or the combination of cadmium and selenium or that of fluorine, selenium and cadmium produced remarkable decrease of the accumulation of selenium in kidney and cadmium in liver. They also lowed the loss of zinc caused by fluorine or cadmium. Excessive fluorine, selenium or cadmium could inhabit the activity of GSH-Px in rats, which could diminish the antioxidation ability of the body. But when two or three of the chemical elements coexisted, they reduced the inhabitation of each of them on the activity of GSH-Px and in the meantime decreased the accumulation of cadmium and selenium and diminished the loss of zinc caused by fluorine and cadmium.

Statolith formation in Cnidaria: effects of cadmium on Aurelia statoliths

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Spangenberg, D. B.

1986-01-01

Statolith formation in Cnidaria was reviewed with an emphasis on Aurelia statoliths. The review provides information on the chemical composition, mechanisms of initiation of mineralization, and effects of environmental factors on Cnidarian statolith formation. Environmental factors discussed included modified sea water ingredients, X-irradiation, clinostat rotation, and petroleum oil ingredients. A detailed account of the effects of cadmium on mineralization and demineralization of Aurelia statoliths is given. Cadmium at dosages of 2 to 4 micromoles significantly reduces statolith numbers in developing ephyrae. At a dosage of 3 micromoles, cadmium accelerates statolith loss in unfed ephyrae studied at 4 and 8 days following ephyrae release from strobilae. Cadmium, therefore, is shown to reduce statolith numbers in developing ephyrae and to cause greater reduction of statolith numbers in unfed ephyrae after 4 and 8 days than occurred in controls. Supplementation of Cd(2+)-containing artificial sea water (ASW) with calcium (3X and 5X ASW calcium content) results in higher numbers of statoliths at day 4 as compared with cadmium-treated ephyrae. At 8 days only the 5X calcium supplemented ASW is effective in enhancing statolith numbers in Cd(2+)-treated ephyrae. These results suggest that cadmium competes in some manner with calcium at the mineralizing sites of Aurelia.

Effects of salinity on cadmium toxicity to the bay mysid, Mysidopsis bahia Molenock

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

De Lisle, P.F.

1988-01-01

The effects of salinity on cadmium toxicity to the bay mysid, Mysidopsis bahia Molenock were studied in a series of experiments examining salinity tolerance, effect of salinity on intermolt period, osmoregulatory capacity, interaction of salinity with acute cadmium toxicity, role of changes in cadmium speciation, modification due to calcium antagonism and effects of cadmium on osmoregulatory ability.

Functional characterization of Gram-negative bacteria from different genera as multiplex cadmium biosensors.

PubMed

Bereza-Malcolm, Lara; Aracic, Sanja; Kannan, Ruban; Mann, Gülay; Franks, Ashley E

2017-08-15

Widespread presence of cadmium in soil and water systems is a consequence of industrial and agricultural processes. Subsequent accumulation of cadmium in food and drinking water can result in accidental consumption of dangerous concentrations. As such, cadmium environmental contamination poses a significant threat to human health. Development of microbial biosensors, as a novel alternative method for in situ cadmium detection, may reduce human exposure by complementing traditional analytical methods. In this study, a multiplex cadmium biosensing construct was assembled by cloning a single-output cadmium biosensor element, cadRgfp, and a constitutively expressed mrfp1 onto a broad-host range vector. Incorporation of the duplex fluorescent output [green and red fluorescence proteins] allowed measurement of biosensor functionality and viability. The biosensor construct was tested in several Gram-negative bacteria including Pseudomonas, Shewanella and Enterobacter. The multiplex cadmium biosensors were responsive to cadmium concentrations ranging from 0.01 to 10µgml -1 , as well as several other heavy metals, including arsenic, mercury and lead at similar concentrations. The biosensors were also responsive within 20-40min following exposure to 3µgml -1 cadmium. This study highlights the importance of testing biosensor constructs, developed using synthetic biology principles, in different bacterial genera. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

33 CFR 118.95 - Lights on structures not part of a bridge or approach structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-07-01

... a bridge or approach structure. 118.95 Section 118.95 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.95 Lights on structures not part of a bridge or approach structure. Lights on sheer booms, isolated piers, obstructions, and other...

45 CFR 46.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2014-10-01 2014-10-01 false Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 46.118 Section 46.118 Public Welfare Department of Health and Human... Research Subjects § 46.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human...

45 CFR 46.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2011-10-01 2011-10-01 false Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 46.118 Section 46.118 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Research Subjects § 46.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human...

45 CFR 46.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 false Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 46.118 Section 46.118 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Research Subjects § 46.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human...

45 CFR 46.118 - Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... 45 Public Welfare 1 2013-10-01 2013-10-01 false Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human subjects. 46.118 Section 46.118 Public Welfare DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN... Research Subjects § 46.118 Applications and proposals lacking definite plans for involvement of human...

33 CFR 118.95 - Lights on structures not part of a bridge or approach structure.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... a bridge or approach structure. 118.95 Section 118.95 Navigation and Navigable Waters COAST GUARD, DEPARTMENT OF HOMELAND SECURITY BRIDGES BRIDGE LIGHTING AND OTHER SIGNALS § 118.95 Lights on structures not part of a bridge or approach structure. Lights on sheer booms, isolated piers, obstructions, and other...

Estimating cadmium concentration in the edible part of Capsicum annuum using hyperspectral models.

PubMed

Wang, Ting; Wei, Hong; Zhou, Cui; Gu, Yanwen; Li, Rui; Chen, Hongchun; Ma, Wenchao

2017-10-09

Hyperspectral remote sensing can be applied to the rapid and nondestructive monitoring of heavy-metal pollution in crops. To realize the rapid and real-time detection of cadmium in the edible part (fruit) of Capsicum annuum, the leaf spectral reflectance of plants exposed to different levels of cadmium stress was measured using hyperspectral remote sensing during four growth stages. The spectral indices or bands sensitive to cadmium stress were determined by correlation analysis, and hyperspectral estimation models for predicting the cadmium content in the fruit of C. annuum during the mature growth stage were established. The models were cross validated by taking the sensitive spectral indices in the bud stage and the sensitive spectral bands in the flowering stage as the input variables. The results indicated that cadmium accumulated in the leaves and fruit of C. annuum and leaf cadmium content in the three early growth stages were correlated with the cadmium content of the pepper in the mature stage. Leaf spectral reflectance was sensitive to cadmium stress, and the first derivative of the original spectral reflectance was strongly correlated with leaf cadmium content during all growth stages. Among the established models, the multiple regression model based on the sensitive spectral bands in the flowering stage was optimal for predicting fruit cadmium content of the pepper. This model provides a promising method to ensure food safety during the early growth stage of the plant.

Cadmium osteotoxicity in experimental animals: Mechanisms and relationship to human exposures

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bhattacharyya, Maryka H.

Extensive epidemiological studies have recently demonstrated increased cadmium exposure correlating significantly with decreased bone mineral density and increased fracture incidence in humans at lower exposure levels than ever before evaluated. Studies in experimental animals have addressed whether very low concentrations of dietary cadmium can negatively impact the skeleton. This overview evaluates results in experimental animals regarding mechanisms of action on bone and the application of these results to humans. Results demonstrate that long-term dietary exposures in rats, at levels corresponding to environmental exposures in humans, result in increased skeletal fragility and decreased mineral density. Cadmium-induced demineralization begins soon after exposure,more » within 24 h of an oral dose to mice. In bone culture systems, cadmium at low concentrations acts directly on bone cells to cause both decreases in bone formation and increases in bone resorption, independent of its effects on kidney, intestine, or circulating hormone concentrations. Results from gene expression microarray and gene knock-out mouse models provide insight into mechanisms by which cadmium may affect bone. Application of the results to humans is considered with respect to cigarette smoke exposure pathways and direct vs. indirect effects of cadmium. Clearly, understanding the mechanism(s) by which cadmium causes bone loss in experimental animals will provide insight into its diverse effects in humans. Preventing bone loss is critical to maintaining an active, independent lifestyle, particularly among elderly persons. Identifying environmental factors such as cadmium that contribute to increased fractures in humans is an important undertaking and a first step to prevention.« less

23 CFR 635.118 - Payroll and weekly statements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-04-01

... CONSTRUCTION AND MAINTENANCE Contract Procedures § 635.118 Payroll and weekly statements. For all projects... contract provisions for the project, are to be retained by the STD for the time period pursuant to 49 CFR...

Pretreatment of lubricated surfaces with sputtered cadmium oxide

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Fusaro, Robert L. (Inventor)

1991-01-01

Cadmium oxide is used with a dry solid lubricant on a surface to improve wear resistance. The surface topography is first altered by photochemical etching to a predetermined pattern. The cadmium oxide is then sputtered onto the altered surface to form an intermediate layer to more tightly hold the dry lubricant, such as graphite.

Interaction of chelating agents with cadmium in mice and rats.

PubMed Central

Eybl, V; Sýkora, J; Koutenský, J; Caisová, D; Schwartz, A; Mertl, F

1984-01-01

The influence of several chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, CaEDTA, ZnEDTA, DMSA, D-penicillamine and DMPS, DMP and DDC) on the acute toxicity of CdCl2 and on the whole body retention and tissue distribution of cadmium after the IV application of 115mCdCl2 was compared in mice. The chelating agents were applied immediately after the application of cadmium. CaDTPA, ZnDTPA and DMSA appeared to be the most effective antidotes. However, DMSA increased the amount of cadmium retained in kidneys. The treatment of cadmium-poisoned mice with the combination of DMSA (IP) and ZnDTPA (SC) (all the compounds were injected in equimolar dose) decreased the toxicity of cadmium more than treatment with one chelating agents (given in a 2:1 dose). However, by studying the effect of these chelating agents and their combination of the retention and distribution of Cd in mice, it was demonstrated that the combined application of the antidotes showed little or no improvement over the results obtained with the most effective of the individual components. In the urine of rats injected with CdCl2 and treated with the chelating agents (CaDTPA, ZnDTPA, DMSA), the presence of cadmium complexes was demonstrated. The formation of mixed ligand chelates in vivo was not proved. Experiments in mice given a single injection of 115mCd-labeled Cd complexes of DMPS, DMSA and DTPA showed a high retention of cadmium in the organisms after the IV application of CdDMPS and CdDMSA complexes. PMID:6734561

Inclusion free cadmium zinc tellurium and cadmium tellurium crystals and associated growth method

DOEpatents

Bolotnikov, Aleskey E [South Setauket, NY; James, Ralph B [Ridge, NY

2010-07-20

The present disclosure provides systems and methods for crystal growth of cadmium zinc tellurium (CZT) and cadmium tellurium (CdTe) crystals with an inverted growth reactor chamber. The inverted growth reactor chamber enables growth of single, large, high purity CZT and CdTe crystals that can be used, for example, in X-ray and gamma detection, substrates for infrared detectors, or the like. The inverted growth reactor chamber enables reductions in the presence of Te inclusions, which are recognized as an important limiting factor in using CZT or CdTe as radiation detectors. The inverted growth reactor chamber can be utilized with existing crystal growth techniques such as the Bridgman crystal growth mechanism and the like. In an exemplary embodiment, the inverted growth reactor chamber is a U-shaped ampoule.

The relationship between cadmium in kidney and cadmium in urine and blood in an environmentally exposed population

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Akerstrom, Magnus, E-mail: magnus.akerstrom@amm.gu.se; Barregard, Lars; Lundh, Thomas

Introduction: Cadmium (Cd) is toxic to the kidney and a major part of the body burden occurs here. Cd in urine (U-Cd) and blood (B-Cd) are widely-used biomarkers for assessing Cd exposure or body burden. However, empirical general population data on the relationship between Cd in kidney (K-Cd), urine, and blood are scarce. Our objectives were to determine the relationship between cadmium in kidney, urine, and blood, and calculate the elimination half-time of Cd from the kidney. Methods: Kidney cortex biopsies, urine, and blood samples were collected from 109 living kidney donors. Cd concentrations were determined and the relationships betweenmore » K-Cd, U-Cd, and B-Cd were investigated in regression models. The half-time of K-Cd was estimated from the elimination constant. Results: There was a strong association between K-Cd and U-Cd adjusted for creatinine (r{sub p} = 0.70, p < 0.001), while the association with B-Cd was weaker (r{sub p} = 0.44, p < 0.001). The relationship between K-Cd and U-Cd was nonlinear, with slower elimination of Cd at high K-Cd. Estimates of the K-Cd half-time varied between 18 and 44 years. A K-Cd of 25 μg/g corresponds to U-Cd of 0.42 μg/g creatinine in overnight urine (U-Cd/K-Cd ratio: about 1:60). Multivariate models showed Cd in blood and urinary albumin as determinants for U-Cd excretion. Discussion: In healthy individuals with low-level Cd exposure, there was a strong correlation between Cd in kidney and urine, especially after adjustment for creatinine. Urinary Cd was also affected by Cd in blood and urinary albumin. Previous estimates of the U-Cd/K-Cd ratio may underestimate K-Cd at low U-Cd. - Highlights: ► The first study of the relation between Cd in kidney, blood and urine at low U-Cd ► Simultaneous samples were collected from healthy kidney donors. ► There was a nonlinear relationship between cadmium in kidney and urine. ► Estimates of the kidney cadmium half-time were 18–44 years, depending on model used. �

21 CFR 118.12 - Enforcement and compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.12 Enforcement and....) or by a treatment that achieves at least a 5-log destruction of SE or destroyed by or under the...

21 CFR 118.12 - Enforcement and compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.12 Enforcement and....) or by a treatment that achieves at least a 5-log destruction of SE or destroyed by or under the...

21 CFR 118.12 - Enforcement and compliance.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-04-01

... Food and Drugs FOOD AND DRUG ADMINISTRATION, DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES (CONTINUED) FOOD FOR HUMAN CONSUMPTION PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND TRANSPORTATION OF SHELL EGGS § 118.12 Enforcement and....) or by a treatment that achieves at least a 5-log destruction of SE or destroyed by or under the...

29 CFR 570.118 - Sixteen-year minimum.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-07-01

... for employment in manufacturing or mining occupations. Furthermore, this age minimum is applicable to... convenience of the user, the revised text is set forth as follows: § 570.118 Sixteen-year minimum. The Act sets a 16-year-age minimum for employment in manufacturing or mining occupations, although under FLSA...

STS-118 Astronaut Tracy Caldwell During Training

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

2006-01-01

Tracy E. Caldwell, STS-118 astronaut and mission specialist, listens as a crew trainer briefs her on the usage of parachute gear during an emergency egress training session in the Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory (NBL) near Johnson Space Center. Caldwell is wearing a training version of her shuttle launch and entry suit

40 CFR 86.118-00 - Dynamometer calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.118-00 Dynamometer calibrations. (a) The dynamometer shall be...

40 CFR 86.118-00 - Dynamometer calibrations.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-07-01

... (CONTINUED) CONTROL OF EMISSIONS FROM NEW AND IN-USE HIGHWAY VEHICLES AND ENGINES Emission Regulations for 1977 and Later Model Year New Light-Duty Vehicles and New Light-Duty Trucks and New Otto-Cycle Complete Heavy-Duty Vehicles; Test Procedures § 86.118-00 Dynamometer calibrations. (a) The dynamometer shall be...

ASSESSMENT OF CADMIUM EXPOSURE AND TOXICITY RISK IN AN AMERICAN VEGETARIAN POPULATION

EPA Science Inventory

It has been postulated that nonvegetarians may be exposed to less cadmium than vegetarians because of the cadmium-poor meat in their diet. This study attempts to test this possibility by measuring the cadmium exposure and accumulation in a population subgroup that includes many v...

Microphthalmia-associated transcription factor as the molecular target of cadmium toxicity in human melanocytes

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Chantarawong, Wipa; Inter Departmental Multidisciplinary Graduate Program in Bioscience, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok; Takeda, Kazuhisa

Highlights: • In human melanocytes, cadmium decreases the expression of MITF-M and tyrosinase and their mRNAs. • In human melanoma cells, cadmium decreases the expression of MITF-M protein and tyrosinase mRNA. • Expression of MITF-H is less sensitive to cadmium toxicity in melanocyte-linage cells. • Cadmium does not decrease the expression of MITF-H in retinal pigment epithelial cells. • MITF-M is the molecular target of cadmium toxicity in melanocytes. - Abstract: Dietary intake of cadmium is inevitable, causing age-related increase in cadmium accumulation in many organs, including hair, choroid and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). Cadmium has been implicated in themore » pathogenesis of hearing loss and macular degeneration. The functions of cochlea and retina are maintained by melanocytes and RPE, respectively, and the differentiation of these pigment cells is regulated by microphthalmia-associated transcription factor (MITF). In the present study, we explored the potential toxicity of cadmium in the cochlea and retina by using cultured human melanocytes and human RPE cell lines. MITF consists of multiple isoforms, including melanocyte-specific MITF-M and widely expressed MITF-H. Levels of MITF-M protein and its mRNA in human epidermal melanocytes and HMV-II melanoma cells were decreased significantly by cadmium. In parallel with the MITF reduction, mRNA levels of tyrosinase, the key enzyme of melanin biosynthesis that is regulated by MITF-M, were also decreased. In RPE cells, however, the levels of total MITF protein, constituting mainly MITF-H, were not decreased by cadmium. We thus identify MITF-M as the molecular target of cadmium toxicity in melanocytes, thereby accounting for the increased risk of disability from melanocyte malfunction, such as hearing and vision loss among people with elevated cadmium exposure.« less