Sample records for cash flow return

  1. 26 CFR 1.707-4 - Disguised sales of property to partnership; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ...; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and... payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and reimbursements of preformation... distribution of partnership cash flow to a partner with respect to capital contributed to the partnership by...

  2. 26 CFR 1.707-4 - Disguised sales of property to partnership; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ...; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and... payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and reimbursements of preformation... distribution of partnership cash flow to a partner with respect to capital contributed to the partnership by...

  3. 26 CFR 1.707-4 - Disguised sales of property to partnership; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and... payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and reimbursements of preformation... distribution of partnership cash flow to a partner with respect to capital contributed to the partnership by...

  4. 26 CFR 1.707-4 - Disguised sales of property to partnership; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ...; special rules applicable to guaranteed payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and... payments, preferred returns, operating cash flow distributions, and reimbursements of preformation... distribution of partnership cash flow to a partner with respect to capital contributed to the partnership by...

  5. 26 CFR 1.707-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Rules Applicable to Guaranteed Payments, Preferred Returns, Operating Cash Flow Distributions, and...) Presumption regarding operating cash flow distributions. (1) In general. (2) Operating cash flow distributions. (i) In general. (ii) Operating cash flow safe harbor. (iii) Tiered partnerships. (c) Accumulation of...

  6. 26 CFR 1.707-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Rules Applicable to Guaranteed Payments, Preferred Returns, Operating Cash Flow Distributions, and...) Presumption regarding operating cash flow distributions. (1) In general. (2) Operating cash flow distributions. (i) In general. (ii) Operating cash flow safe harbor. (iii) Tiered partnerships. (c) Accumulation of...

  7. 26 CFR 1.707-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Guaranteed Payments, Preferred Returns, Operating Cash Flow Distributions, and Reimbursements of Preformation... operating cash flow distributions. (1) In general. (2) Operating cash flow distributions. (i) In general. (ii) Operating cash flow safe harbor. (iii) Tiered partnerships. (c) Accumulation of guaranteed...

  8. 26 CFR 1.707-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Rules Applicable to Guaranteed Payments, Preferred Returns, Operating Cash Flow Distributions, and...) Presumption regarding operating cash flow distributions. (1) In general. (2) Operating cash flow distributions. (i) In general. (ii) Operating cash flow safe harbor. (iii) Tiered partnerships. (c) Accumulation of...

  9. 26 CFR 1.707-0 - Table of contents.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Rules Applicable to Guaranteed Payments, Preferred Returns, Operating Cash Flow Distributions, and...) Presumption regarding operating cash flow distributions. (1) In general. (2) Operating cash flow distributions. (i) In general. (ii) Operating cash flow safe harbor. (iii) Tiered partnerships. (c) Accumulation of...

  10. 7 CFR 3560.305 - Return on investment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... accordance with the terms of their loan agreement and the following: (1) If there is a positive net cash flow... been taken, borrowers will be required to return any unauthorized ROI. (2) If there is negative cash flow in housing project operations, the Agency may authorize the borrower to take the ROI only after...

  11. 7 CFR 3560.305 - Return on investment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... accordance with the terms of their loan agreement and the following: (1) If there is a positive net cash flow... been taken, borrowers will be required to return any unauthorized ROI. (2) If there is negative cash flow in housing project operations, the Agency may authorize the borrower to take the ROI only after...

  12. 7 CFR 3560.305 - Return on investment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... accordance with the terms of their loan agreement and the following: (1) If there is a positive net cash flow... been taken, borrowers will be required to return any unauthorized ROI. (2) If there is negative cash flow in housing project operations, the Agency may authorize the borrower to take the ROI only after...

  13. 7 CFR 3560.305 - Return on investment.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... accordance with the terms of their loan agreement and the following: (1) If there is a positive net cash flow... been taken, borrowers will be required to return any unauthorized ROI. (2) If there is negative cash flow in housing project operations, the Agency may authorize the borrower to take the ROI only after...

  14. Analysis of cash flow in academic medical centers in the United States.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Thompson, Jon M

    2011-09-01

    To examine cash flow margins in academic medical centers (AMCs; i.e., teaching hospitals) in an effort both to determine any significant differences in a set of operational and financial factors known to influence cash flow for high- and low-cash-flow AMCs and to discuss how these findings affect AMC operations. The authors sampled the Medicare cost report data of 103 AMCs for fiscal years 2005, 2006, and 2007, and then they applied the t test to test for significant mean differences between the two cash flow groups across operational and financial variables (e.g., case mix, operating margin). Compared with low-cash-flow AMCs, high-cash-flow AMCs were larger-bed-size facilities, treated cases of greater complexity, generated higher net patient revenue per adjusted discharge, served a significantly lower percentage of Medicaid patients, had significantly higher average operating profit margins and cash flow margin ratios, possessed a higher number of days of cash on hand, and collected their receivables more quickly. Study findings imply that high-cash-flow AMCs were earning higher cash flow returns than low-cash-flow AMCs, which may be because high-cash-flow AMCs generate higher patient revenues while serving fewer lower-paying Medicaid patients.

  15. Hospital free cash flow.

    PubMed

    Kauer, R T; Silvers, J B

    1991-01-01

    Hospital managers may find it difficult to admit their investments have been suboptimal, but such investments often lead to poor returns and less future cash. Inappropriate use of free cash flow produces large transaction costs of exit. The relative efficiency of investor-owned and tax-exempt hospitals in the product market for hospital services is examined as the free cash flow theory is used to explore capital-market conditions of hospitals. Hypotheses concerning the current competitive conditions in the industry are set forth, and the implications of free cash flow for risk, capital-market efficiency, and the cost of capital to tax-exempt institution is compared to capital-market norms.

  16. A causality between fund performance and stock market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kim, Ho-Yong; Kwon, Okyu; Oh, Gabjin

    2016-02-01

    We investigate whether the characteristic fund performance indicators (FPI), such as the fund return, the Net asset value (NAV) and the cash flow, are correlated with the asset price movement using information flows estimated by the Granger causality test. First, we find that the information flow of FPI is most sensitive to extreme events of the Korean stock market, which include negative events such as the sub-prime crisis and the impact of QE (quantitative easing) by the US subprime and Europe financial crisis as well as the positive events of the golden period of Korean Composite Stock Price Index (KOSPI), except for the fund cash flow. Second, both the fund return and the NAV exhibit significant correlations with the KOSPI, whereas the cash flow is not correlated with the stock market. This result suggests that the information resulting from the ability of the fund manager should influence stock market. Finally, during market crisis period, information flows between FPI and the Korean stock market are significantly positively correlated with the market volatility.

  17. Financial modeling in medicine: cash flow, basic metrics, the time value of money, discount rates, and internal rate of return.

    PubMed

    Lexa, Frank James; Berlin, Jonathan W

    2005-03-01

    In this article, the authors cover tools for financial modeling. Commonly used time lines and cash flow diagrams are discussed. Commonly used but limited terms such as payback and breakeven are introduced. The important topics of the time value of money and discount rates are introduced to lay the foundation for their use in modeling and in more advanced metrics such as the internal rate of return. Finally, the authors broach the more sophisticated topic of net present value.

  18. Analyzing lease/purchase options.

    PubMed

    Ciolek, D; Mace, J D

    1998-01-01

    The authors' previous article, "Equipment Acquisition Using Various Forms of Leasing," covers information necessary for selecting among the different kinds of leases. This article explains how to reach a proper financial analysis, preferably using two phases. Using a representative example, the article guides the reader through the first phase and introduces the elements needing review in the second phase. Key elements include pretax aftertax and cash flow analyses. Different organizations use different yardsticks to measure the financials of a transaction, but in general, cash is king. Therefore, the most widely used comparison is the purchase versus lease IRR (internal rate of return) produced by measuring the cash flow of the purchase case compared to the cash flow of the lease case.

  19. ChargeOut! : determining machine and capital equipment charge-out rates using discounted cash-flow analysis

    Treesearch

    E.M. (Ted) Bilek

    2007-01-01

    The model ChargeOut! was developed to determine charge-out rates or rates of return for machines and capital equipment. This paper introduces a costing methodology and applies it to a piece of capital equipment. Although designed for the forest industry, the methodology is readily transferable to other sectors. Based on discounted cash-flow analysis, ChargeOut!...

  20. Finding Multiple Internal Rates of Return for a Project with Non-Conventional Cash Flows: Utilizing Popular Financial/Graphing Calculators and Spreadsheet Software

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Chen, Jeng-Hong

    2008-01-01

    This study demonstrates that a popular graphing calculator among students, TI-83 Plus, has a powerful function to draw the NPV profile and find the accurate multiple IRRs for a project with non-conventional cash flows. However, finance textbooks or related supplementary materials do not provide students instructions for this part. The detailed…

  1. Asset securitization and rate of return: A study on letters of guarantee

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wu, Binghui

    2018-01-01

    Using the theory of asset securitization, we analyze the feasibility of the securitization of letters of guarantee in theory. In the process of constructing the model of rate of return of securities backed by letters of guarantee, we propose two indices: the risk probability of asset-backed securities and the loss rate of asset-backed securities to analyze the cash flow of securities. On the basis of no arbitrage principle, the expression of rate of return of securities backed by letters of guarantee is put forward. In order to study the relationship between the rate of return of securities and other influential factor in the model, a simulation experiment is designed. The experiment results show that (i) an increasing risk probability of cash flow or a short maturity date also make the return rate of securities increase and (ii) the return rate of securities is higher in economic boom than that in economic recession when other parameters remain unchanged.

  2. Determinants of corporate dividend policy in Indonesia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Lestari, H. S.

    2018-01-01

    This study aims to investigate the determinants factors that effect the dividend policy. The sample used in this research is manufacture companies listed in Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) and the period 2011 - 2015. There are independent variables such as earning, cash flow, free cash flow, debt, growth opportunities, investment opportunities, firm size, largest shareholder, firm risk, lagged dividend and dividend policy used as dependent variable. The study examines a total of 32 manufacture companies. After analyzing the data using the program software Eviews 9.0 by multiples regression analysis reveal that earning, cash flow, free cash flow, firm size, and lagged dividend have significant effect on dividend policy, whereas debt, growth opportunities, investment opportunities, largest shareholder, and firm risk have no significant effect on dividend policy. The results of this study are expected to be implemented by the financial managers in improving corporate profits and basic information as return on investment decisions.

  3. Computer program for discounted cash flow/rate of return evaluations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Robson, W. D.

    1971-01-01

    Technique, incorporated into set of three computer programs, provides economic methodology for reducing all parameters to financially sound common denominator of present worth, and calculates resultant rate of return on new equipment, processes, or systems investments.

  4. Commercial aspects of semi-reusable launch systems

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Obersteiner, M. H.; Müller, H.; Spies, H.

    2003-07-01

    This paper presents a business planning model for a commercial space launch system. The financing model is based on market analyses and projections combined with market capture models. An operations model is used to derive the annual cash income. Parametric cost modeling, development and production schedules are used for quantifying the annual expenditures, the internal rate of return, break even point of positive cash flow and the respective prices per launch. Alternative consortia structures, cash flow methods, capture rates and launch prices are used to examine the sensitivity of the model. Then the model is applied for a promising semi-reusable launcher concept, showing the general achievability of the commercial approach and the necessary pre-conditions.

  5. An economic study of an advanced technology supersonic cruise vehicle

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Smith, C. L.; Williams, L. J.

    1975-01-01

    A description is given of the methods used and the results of an economic study of an advanced technology supersonic cruise vehicle. This vehicle was designed for a maximum range of 4000 n.mi. at a cruise speed of Mach 2.7 and carrying 292 passengers. The economic study includes the estimation of aircraft unit cost, operating cost, and idealized cash flow and discounted cash flow return on investment. In addition, it includes a sensitivity study on the effects of unit cost, manufacturing cost, production quantity, average trip length, fuel cost, load factor, and fare on the aircraft's economic feasibility.

  6. Jennifer N. Markham | NREL

    Science.gov Websites

    -economic analysis Algae cultivation and separation Biomass conversion to fuels and higher values products economic modeling Discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) Capital expenses Operating expense Education ;Techno-Economic Analysis for Upgrading Normal-Butanol to Jet and Hydrocarbon Fuel," presented at

  7. Small business, cash budgets and general practice.

    PubMed

    Jackson, A R

    1991-01-01

    In practice management, general practice falls into the category of small business with all its attendant generic problems. Disciplined planning and good financial management are not often seen in small business. These are required if general practitioners are to continue (or return to) the provision of high quality medical services. An effective budget process, especially cash-flow budgeting, is the key to successful planning and financial management. Budgeting will bring Control, Co-ordination, and Credibility to your practice. It will enable you to set goals and to achieve them.

  8. Automated drug dispensing systems in the intensive care unit: a financial analysis.

    PubMed

    Chapuis, Claire; Bedouch, Pierrick; Detavernier, Maxime; Durand, Michel; Francony, Gilles; Lavagne, Pierre; Foroni, Luc; Albaladejo, Pierre; Allenet, Benoit; Payen, Jean-Francois

    2015-09-09

    To evaluate the economic impact of automated-drug dispensing systems (ADS) in surgical intensive care units (ICUs). A financial analysis was conducted in three adult ICUs of one university hospital, where ADS were implemented, one in each unit, to replace the traditional floor stock system. Costs were estimated before and after implementation of the ADS on the basis of floor stock inventories, expired drugs, and time spent by nurses and pharmacy technicians on medication-related work activities. A financial analysis was conducted that included operating cash flows, investment cash flows, global cash flow and net present value. After ADS implementation, nurses spent less time on medication-related activities with an average of 14.7 hours saved per day/33 beds. Pharmacy technicians spent more time on floor-stock activities with an average of 3.5 additional hours per day across the three ICUs. The cost of drug storage was reduced by €44,298 and the cost of expired drugs was reduced by €14,772 per year across the three ICUs. Five years after the initial investment, the global cash flow was €148,229 and the net present value of the project was positive by €510,404. The financial modeling of the ADS implementation in three ICUs showed a high return on investment for the hospital. Medication-related costs and nursing time dedicated to medications are reduced with ADS.

  9. Retirement Wealth, Income, and Decision Making in Higher Education.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lewis, W. Cris

    1996-01-01

    Retirement programs for college faculty are evaluated in terms of both their wealth-creation attributes and the incentives they provide for retirement. Wealth accumulation and relative cash flow from working compared to retirement are evaluated at various ages under alternative assumptions about rates of return and contribution rates. The nature…

  10. User's guide: RPGrow$: a red pine growth and analysis spreadsheet for the Lake States.

    Treesearch

    Carol A. Hyldahl; Gerald H. Grossman

    1993-01-01

    Describes RPGrow$, a stand-level, interactive spreadsheet for projecting growth and yield and estimating financial returns of red pine plantations in the Lake States. This spreadsheet is based on published growth models for red pine. Financial analyses are based on discounted cash flow methods.

  11. What Does an IRR (or Two) Mean?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnstone, David

    2008-01-01

    Defined mathematically, the internal rate of return (IRR) of a cash-flow stream is the discount rate at which its net present value is 0. What is the significance or meaning of such a measure? Using simple example problems and illustrative calculations, the author explains a technically correct but, at the same time, intuitively meaningful…

  12. The FASB explores accounting for future cash flows.

    PubMed

    Luecke, R W; Meeting, D T

    2001-03-01

    The FASB's Statement of Financial Accounting Concepts No. 7, Using Cash Flow Information and Present Value in Accounting Measurements (Statement No. 7), presents the board's views regarding how cash-flow information and present values should be used in accounting for future cash flows when information on fair values is not available. Statement No. 7 presents new concepts regarding how an asset's present value should be calculated and when the interest method of allocation should be used. The FASB proposes a present-value method that takes into account the degree of uncertainty associated with future cash flows among different assets and liabilities. The FASB also suggests that rather than use estimated cash flows (in which a single set of cash flows and a single interest rate is used to reflect the risk associated with an asset or liability), accountants should use expected cash flows (in which all expectations about possible cash flows are used) in calculating present values.

  13. An economic and energy analysis of poplar intensive cultures in the Lake States.

    Treesearch

    Dietmar Rose; Karen Ferguson; David C. Lothner; J. Zavitkovski

    1981-01-01

    Short- (5 to 10 years) and long- (15 years) rotation, irrigated and nonirrigated intensive cultures of hybrid poplar were analyzed economically via cash flow analysis. Energy balances we also calculated for each alternative. Nonirrigated systems offer reasonable economic returns whereas irrigated systems do not. All systems produce more energy than they use as...

  14. Rating Your Cash Manager?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nielsen, George A.; Johannisson, Eric E.

    1989-01-01

    The primary objective of a public cash management policy should include safety, liquidity, yield, and legality. Contains a cash management policy/procedure checklist, a test for cash managers, and a formula for calculating the rate of return. (MLF)

  15. Assessing the Financial Condition of Provider-Sponsored Health Plans.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J

    2015-06-01

    The aim of this study was to assess the performance of health plans sponsored by provider organizations, with respect to plans generating strong positive cash flow relative to plans generating weaker cash flow. A secondary aim was to assess their capital adequacy. The study identified 24 provider-sponsored health plans (PSHPs) with an average positive cash flow margin from 2011 through 2013 at or above the top 75th percentile, defined as "strong cash flow PSHPs:" This group was compared with 72 PSHPs below the 75th percentile, defined as "weak cash flow PSHPs:" Atlantic Information Services Directory of Health Plans was used to identify the PSHPs. Financial ratios were computed from 2013 National Association of Insurance Commissioners Financial Filings. The study conducted a t test mean comparison between strong and weak cash flow PSHPs across an array of financial performance and capital adequacy measures. In 2013, the strong cash flow PSHPs averaged a cash-flow margin ratio of 6.6%. Weak cash flow PSHPs averaged a cash-flow margin of -0.4%. The net worth capital position of both groups was more than 4.5 times authorized capital. The operational analysis shows that strong cash-flow margin PSHPs are managing their medical costs to achieve this position. Although their medical loss ratio increased by almost 300 basis points from 2011 to 2013, it was still statistically significantly lower than the weaker cash flow PSHP group (P<.001). In terms of capital adequacy, both strong and weak cash-flow margin PSHP groups possessed sufficient capital to ensure the viability of these plans.

  16. 31 CFR 206.6 - Cash management planning and review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... cash flows in order to provide an overview of its cash management activities and to identify areas that... basis for identification of improvements and preparation of cash flow reports for submission to the... periodic cash management reviews, identifying improvements, and preparing cash flow reports. In addition...

  17. 31 CFR 206.6 - Cash management planning and review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... cash flows in order to provide an overview of its cash management activities and to identify areas that... basis for identification of improvements and preparation of cash flow reports for submission to the... periodic cash management reviews, identifying improvements, and preparing cash flow reports. In addition...

  18. 31 CFR 206.6 - Cash management planning and review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... cash flows in order to provide an overview of its cash management activities and to identify areas that... basis for identification of improvements and preparation of cash flow reports for submission to the... periodic cash management reviews, identifying improvements, and preparing cash flow reports. In addition...

  19. 31 CFR 206.6 - Cash management planning and review.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... cash flows in order to provide an overview of its cash management activities and to identify areas that... basis for identification of improvements and preparation of cash flow reports for submission to the... periodic cash management reviews, identifying improvements, and preparing cash flow reports. In addition...

  20. Cash Flow Statement Spreadsheet Modeling Case Using a Prototype System Development Process

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Jefferson T.

    2015-01-01

    U.S. GAAP and IFRS standards both require a cash flow statement that presents operating, investing and financing net cash flows (FASB, FAS 95; 1987; IASB, IAS 7, 1992). Although students are exposed to the cash flow statement in beginning accounting courses and then study the cash flow statement in more depth in intermediate accounting classes,…

  1. Oak management for wood products

    Treesearch

    Roger Barlow

    1971-01-01

    A method is presented for analyzing oak management alternatives through comparisons of the present value of the net cash flow produced. Even-aged management without age-class regulation returned $72.60 of present value over a 40-year period. In the next 40 years the only expenses reduce the present value to $72.43. To regulate this stand into a forest with an equal...

  2. A comparison of economic evaluation models as applied to geothermal energy technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Ziman, G. M.; Rosenberg, L. S.

    1983-01-01

    Several cost estimation and financial cash flow models have been applied to a series of geothermal case studies. In order to draw conclusions about relative performance and applicability of these models to geothermal projects, the consistency of results was assessed. The model outputs of principal interest in this study were net present value, internal rate of return, or levelized breakeven price. The models used were VENVAL, a venture analysis model; the Geothermal Probabilistic Cost Model (GPC Model); the Alternative Power Systems Economic Analysis Model (APSEAM); the Geothermal Loan Guarantee Cash Flow Model (GCFM); and the GEOCOST and GEOCITY geothermal models. The case studies to which the models were applied include a geothermal reservoir at Heber, CA; a geothermal eletric power plant to be located at the Heber site; an alcohol fuels production facility to be built at Raft River, ID; and a direct-use, district heating system in Susanville, CA.

  3. 31 CFR 206.7 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... will be sent for each initiative. (1) Collections cash flows. For collections cash flows, the Notice of... Fund. (2) Payments cash flows. [Reserved] ..., AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.7 Compliance. (a) The Service will...

  4. 31 CFR 206.7 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... will be sent for each initiative. (1) Collections cash flows. For collections cash flows, the Notice of... Fund. (2) Payments cash flows. [Reserved] ..., AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.7 Compliance. (a) The Service will...

  5. 31 CFR 206.7 - Compliance.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... will be sent for each initiative. (1) Collections cash flows. For collections cash flows, the Notice of... Fund. (2) Payments cash flows. [Reserved] ..., AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.7 Compliance. (a) The Service will...

  6. 17 CFR 229.1113 - (Item 1113) Structure of the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... securities, and within each class, with respect to cash flows, credit enhancement or other support and any... narrative discussion of the allocation and priority structure of pool cash flows, present the flow of funds... any requirements directing cash flows from the pool assets (such as to reserve accounts, cash...

  7. 7 CFR 4279.131 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made to structure or restructure debt so that the business has... predominantly cash-flow oriented, and where cash flow and profitability are strong, loan-to-value coverage may be discounted accordingly. A loan primarily based on cash flow must be supported by a successful and...

  8. 17 CFR 229.1113 - (Item 1113) Structure of the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... securities, and within each class, with respect to cash flows, credit enhancement or other support and any... narrative discussion of the allocation and priority structure of pool cash flows, present the flow of funds... any requirements directing cash flows from the pool assets (such as to reserve accounts, cash...

  9. 17 CFR 229.1113 - (Item 1113) Structure of the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... securities, and within each class, with respect to cash flows, credit enhancement or other support and any... narrative discussion of the allocation and priority structure of pool cash flows, present the flow of funds... any requirements directing cash flows from the pool assets (such as to reserve accounts, cash...

  10. 17 CFR 229.1113 - (Item 1113) Structure of the transaction.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... securities, and within each class, with respect to cash flows, credit enhancement or other support and any... narrative discussion of the allocation and priority structure of pool cash flows, present the flow of funds... any requirements directing cash flows from the pool assets (such as to reserve accounts, cash...

  11. 7 CFR 4279.131 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made to structure or restructure debt so that the business has... predominantly cash-flow oriented, and where cash flow and profitability are strong, loan-to-value coverage may be discounted accordingly. A loan primarily based on cash flow must be supported by a successful and...

  12. 7 CFR 4279.131 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made to structure or restructure debt so that the business has... predominantly cash-flow oriented, and where cash flow and profitability are strong, loan-to-value coverage may be discounted accordingly. A loan primarily based on cash flow must be supported by a successful and...

  13. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... 48 Federal Acquisition Regulations System 3 2010-10-01 2010-10-01 false Cash flow forecasts. 232..., DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE GENERAL CONTRACTING REQUIREMENTS CONTRACT FINANCING 232.072-3 Cash flow forecasts. (a) A contractor must be able to sustain a sufficient cash flow to perform the contract. When there is...

  14. Net Operating Working Capital, Capital Budgeting, and Cash Budgets: A Teaching Example

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Tuner, James A.

    2016-01-01

    Many introductory finance texts present information on the capital budgeting process, including estimation of project cash flows. Typically, estimation of project cash flows begins with a calculation of net income. Getting from net income to cash flows requires accounting for non-cash items such as depreciation. Also important is the effect of…

  15. 10 CFR 140.21 - Licensee guarantees of payment of deferred premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... certified financial statement showing either that a cash flow (i.e., cash available to a company after all..., or a cash reserve or a combination of cash flow and cash reserve, or (f) Such other type of guarantee...

  16. 10 CFR 140.21 - Licensee guarantees of payment of deferred premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... certified financial statement showing either that a cash flow (i.e., cash available to a company after all..., or a cash reserve or a combination of cash flow and cash reserve, or (f) Such other type of guarantee...

  17. 10 CFR 140.21 - Licensee guarantees of payment of deferred premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... certified financial statement showing either that a cash flow (i.e., cash available to a company after all..., or a cash reserve or a combination of cash flow and cash reserve, or (f) Such other type of guarantee...

  18. 10 CFR 140.21 - Licensee guarantees of payment of deferred premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... certified financial statement showing either that a cash flow (i.e., cash available to a company after all..., or a cash reserve or a combination of cash flow and cash reserve, or (f) Such other type of guarantee...

  19. 10 CFR 140.21 - Licensee guarantees of payment of deferred premiums.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... certified financial statement showing either that a cash flow (i.e., cash available to a company after all..., or a cash reserve or a combination of cash flow and cash reserve, or (f) Such other type of guarantee...

  20. Developing a planning model to estimate future cash flows.

    PubMed

    Barenbaum, L; Monahan, T F

    1988-03-01

    Financial managers are discovering that net income and other traditional measures of cash flow may not provide them with the flexibility needed for comprehensive internal planning and control. By using a discretionary cash flow model, financial managers have a forecasting tool that can help them measure anticipated cash flows, and make better decisions concerning financing alternatives, capital expansion, and performance appraisal.

  1. Cash Flow Planning.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Littman, George W., III

    1979-01-01

    Proper cash flow planning allows a school business administrator to determine the availability of cash for operating expenses, the need for bank loans to cover these expenses, and the availability of idle cash for investment. (Author)

  2. Understanding the tools for managing cash.

    PubMed

    Pelfrey, S

    1990-10-01

    An institution's survival in the 1990s depends on its ability to generate enough cash to meet its needs. The author discusses two accounting tools, the cash budget and the statement of cash flows, that help monitor and control cash flows. By understanding the nature and impact of each report, nurse administrators can help safeguard one of their institution's scarcest resources: cash.

  3. 77 FR 58889 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-24

    ... rising or falling markets that are not directly correlated to broad equity or fixed income market returns... quantitative, rules-based strategy designed to provide returns that correspond to the performance of the S&P..., ``VIX Index Related Instruments''), money market instruments, cash, cash equivalents and futures...

  4. Back to Basics: Teaching the Statement of Cash Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Cecil, H. Wayne; King, Teresa T.; Andrews, Christine P.

    2011-01-01

    A conceptual foundation for the Statement of Cash Flows based on the ten elements of financial statements provides students with a deep understanding of core accounting concepts. Traditional methods of teaching the statement of cash flows tend to focus on statement preparation rules, masking the effect of business events on the change in cash.…

  5. Economic return of clinical trials performed under the pediatric exclusivity program.

    PubMed

    Li, Jennifer S; Eisenstein, Eric L; Grabowski, Henry G; Reid, Elizabeth D; Mangum, Barry; Schulman, Kevin A; Goldsmith, John V; Murphy, M Dianne; Califf, Robert M; Benjamin, Daniel K

    2007-02-07

    In 1997, Congress authorized the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to grant 6-month extensions of marketing rights through the Pediatric Exclusivity Program if industry sponsors complete FDA-requested pediatric trials. The program has been praised for creating incentives for studies in children and has been criticized as a "windfall" to the innovator drug industry. This critique has been a substantial part of congressional debate on the program, which is due to expire in 2007. To quantify the economic return to industry for completing pediatric exclusivity trials. A cohort study of programs conducted for pediatric exclusivity. Nine drugs that were granted pediatric exclusivity were selected. From the final study reports submitted to the FDA (2002-2004), key elements of the clinical trial design and study operations were obtained, and the cost of performing each study was estimated and converted into estimates of after-tax cash outflows. Three-year market sales were obtained and converted into estimates of after-tax cash inflows based on 6 months of additional market protection. Net economic return (cash inflows minus outflows) and net return-to-costs ratio (net economic return divided by cash outflows) for each product were then calculated. Net economic return and net return-to-cost ratio. The indications studied reflect a broad representation of the program: asthma, tumors, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder, hypertension, depression/generalized anxiety disorder, diabetes mellitus, gastroesophageal reflux, bacterial infection, and bone mineralization. The distribution of net economic return for 6 months of exclusivity varied substantially among products (net economic return ranged from -$8.9 million to $507.9 million and net return-to-cost ratio ranged from -0.68 to 73.63). The economic return for pediatric exclusivity is variable. As an incentive to complete much-needed clinical trials in children, pediatric exclusivity can generate lucrative returns or produce more modest returns on investment.

  6. Economic Return of Clinical Trials Performed Under the Pediatric Exclusivity Program

    PubMed Central

    Li, Jennifer S.; Eisenstein, Eric L.; Grabowski, Henry G.; Reid, Elizabeth D.; Mangum, Barry; Schulman, Kevin A.; Goldsmith, John V.; Murphy, M. Dianne; Califf, Robert M.; Benjamin, Daniel K.

    2009-01-01

    Context In 1997, Congress authorized the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to grant 6 month extensions of marketing rights through the Pediatric Exclusivity program if industry sponsors complete FDA-requested pediatric trials. The program has been praised for creating incentives for studies in children; it has been criticized as a “windfall” to the innovator drug industry. This critique has been a substantial part of Congressional debate on the program, which is due to sunset in 2007. Objective To quantify the economic return to industry for completing Pediatric Exclusivity. Design Cohort study of programs conducted for Pediatric Exclusivity. We selected 9 drugs that were granted Pediatric Exclusivity. From the final study reports submitted to FDA, we obtained key elements of the clinical trial design and study operations. We estimated the cost of performing each study and converted these into estimates of after-tax cash outflows. We obtained 3-year market sales and converted these into estimates of after-tax cash inflows based upon 6 months of additional market protection. We then calculated the net economic return (cash inflows less outflows) and ratio net return to costs (net economic return divided by cash outflows) for each product. Main Outcome Measures Net economic return and ratio of net return to cost. Results The indications studied reflected a broad representation of the program: asthma, tumors, attention deficit disorder, hypertension, depression/generalized anxiety disorder, diabetes, gastroesophageal reflux, bacterial infection, and bone mineralization. The distribution of net economic return for 6 months of exclusivity varied substantially among products [net return ranged from (−)$8.9 million to (+)$507.9 million; ratio of return to cost ranged from −0.68 to 73.6] Conclusions The economic return for pediatric exclusivity is highly variable. Pediatric Exclusivity, as an incentive to complete much-needed clinical trials in children, can generate lucrative returns, but more frequently produces more modest return on investment. PMID:17284698

  7. Capital investment analysis: three methods.

    PubMed

    Gapenski, L C

    1993-08-01

    Three cash flow/discount rate methods can be used when conducting capital budgeting financial analyses: the net operating cash flow method, the net cash flow to investors method, and the net cash flow to equity holders method. The three methods differ in how the financing mix and the benefits of debt financing are incorporated. This article explains the three methods, demonstrates that they are essentially equivalent, and recommends which method to use under specific circumstances.

  8. 7 CFR 2201.20 - Collateral.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... cash flows, marketing arrangements, third-party guarantees, insurance policies, contractors' bonds, and...; (2) The cash flow characteristics of the Project; (3) The contractual characteristics of the Project to the extent Project-related agreements underpin the Project's estimated cash flows; (4) The...

  9. 7 CFR 2201.20 - Collateral.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... cash flows, marketing arrangements, third-party guarantees, insurance policies, contractors' bonds, and...; (2) The cash flow characteristics of the Project; (3) The contractual characteristics of the Project to the extent Project-related agreements underpin the Project's estimated cash flows; (4) The...

  10. 7 CFR 2201.20 - Collateral.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... cash flows, marketing arrangements, third-party guarantees, insurance policies, contractors' bonds, and...; (2) The cash flow characteristics of the Project; (3) The contractual characteristics of the Project to the extent Project-related agreements underpin the Project's estimated cash flows; (4) The...

  11. 7 CFR 2201.20 - Collateral.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... cash flows, marketing arrangements, third-party guarantees, insurance policies, contractors' bonds, and...; (2) The cash flow characteristics of the Project; (3) The contractual characteristics of the Project to the extent Project-related agreements underpin the Project's estimated cash flows; (4) The...

  12. Manage Your Cash

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Matthews, Kenneth M.

    1976-01-01

    Discusses formulas for planning school district investment and borrowing strategies based on a district's predicted cash flow and presents a sample investment/borrowing schedule developed from hypothetical cash-flow data. (JG)

  13. Computerized Production Process Planning. Volume 2. Benefit Analysis.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1976-11-01

    advantage , in the long term, Systems 2 and 3 will return greater economic benefits . Plots of the cumulative present value of the cash flow by year are...is economically viable for large parts manufac- turers and does offer significant advantages over Systems I and 2 in terms of intangible benefits ...AD-RI51 996 COMPUTERIZED PRODUCTION PROCESS PLANNING VOLUME 2 i/1.. BENEFIT ANRLYSIS(U) IIT RESEARCH INST CHICRGO IL SH H HU ET AL. NOV 76 DAAHNi-76

  14. Documentation of the analysis of the benefits and costs of aeronautical research and technology models, volume 1

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Bobick, J. C.; Braun, R. L.; Denny, R. E.

    1979-01-01

    The analysis of the benefits and costs of aeronautical research and technology (ABC-ART) models are documented. These models were developed by NASA for use in analyzing the economic feasibility of applying advanced aeronautical technology to future civil aircraft. The methodology is composed of three major modules: fleet accounting module, airframe manufacturing module, and air carrier module. The fleet accounting module is used to estimate the number of new aircraft required as a function of time to meet demand. This estimation is based primarily upon the expected retirement age of existing aircraft and the expected change in revenue passenger miles demanded. Fuel consumption estimates are also generated by this module. The airframe manufacturer module is used to analyze the feasibility of the manufacturing the new aircraft demanded. The module includes logic for production scheduling and estimating manufacturing costs. For a series of aircraft selling prices, a cash flow analysis is performed and a rate of return on investment is calculated. The air carrier module provides a tool for analyzing the financial feasibility of an airline purchasing and operating the new aircraft. This module includes a methodology for computing the air carrier direct and indirect operating costs, performing a cash flow analysis, and estimating the internal rate of return on investment for a set of aircraft purchase prices.

  15. A review and update of the Virginia Department of Transportation's cash flow forecasting model : interim report.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1995-01-01

    The Virginia Department of Transportation uses a cash flow forecasting model to predict operations expenditures by month. Components of this general forecasting model estimate line items in the VDOT budget. The cash flow model was developed in the ea...

  16. The Cash Flow Budget. Part I--Development

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gehm, Rudy

    1978-01-01

    With the cash flow budget a college store manager can prepare himself and the business office to meet current obligations during periods of cash shortfall. Its development is described and guidelines are offered. (LBH)

  17. The Direct Method of Cash Flows.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bosserman, David C.; Fischer, Mary

    2000-01-01

    Explains to college/university business officers how to comply with Governmental Accounting Standards Board Statements Nos. 34, 35, and 9, which require the direct method of presenting cash flows from operating activities and reconciliation of operating cash flows to operating income by fiscal year 2001. Institutions are urged to begin immediately…

  18. 7 CFR 762.150 - Interest assistance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... assistance the lender's cash flow budget for the guaranteed applicant must reflect the need for interest assistance and the ability to cash flow with the subsidy. Interest assistance is available only on new... significant changes in the borrower's cash flow budget are anticipated after the initial 12 months, then the...

  19. 31 CFR 206.4 - Collection and payment mechanisms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... with these criteria, specific cash flows will utilize EFT as follows: (1) Fees/fines. EFT will be adopted as the presumed method of collecting fees and fines, especially when these collection cash flows... provide the Service with a recommended mechanism for any new or modified cash flows. The Service will...

  20. 31 CFR 206.4 - Collection and payment mechanisms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... with these criteria, specific cash flows will utilize EFT as follows: (1) Fees/fines. EFT will be adopted as the presumed method of collecting fees and fines, especially when these collection cash flows... provide the Service with a recommended mechanism for any new or modified cash flows. The Service will...

  1. 7 CFR 762.150 - Interest assistance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... assistance the lender's cash flow budget for the guaranteed applicant must reflect the need for interest assistance and the ability to cash flow with the subsidy. Interest assistance is available only on new... significant changes in the borrower's cash flow budget are anticipated after the initial 12 months, then the...

  2. 7 CFR 762.150 - Interest assistance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... assistance the lender's cash flow budget for the guaranteed applicant must reflect the need for interest assistance and the ability to cash flow with the subsidy. Interest assistance is available only on new... significant changes in the borrower's cash flow budget are anticipated after the initial 12 months, then the...

  3. 7 CFR 762.125 - Financial feasibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... lender, the applicant, and the Agency will be used. (6) The cash flow budget analyzed to determine a feasible plan must represent the predicted cash flow of the operating cycle. (7) Lenders must use price... or will have a cash flow budget developed in conjunction with a proposed or existing Agency direct...

  4. FASB's Latest Standard: A Look at the Statement of Cash Flows.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Fischer, Mary; Blythe, Joseph C.

    1993-01-01

    A discussion of the Financial Accounting Standards Board's new accounting standard No. 117, which concerns colleges and universities as nonprofit organizations, looks at new provisions and reporting requirements. Methods for producing the required cash flow statement are outlined, and the use of cash flow ratios is examined. (MSE)

  5. 17 CFR 229.1121 - (Item 1121) Distribution and pool performance information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and actual distribution dates for the distribution period. (2) Cash flows received and the sources... shortfalls or carryovers. (iv) The amount of excess cash flow or excess spread and the disposition of excess cash flow. (4) Beginning and ending principal balances of the asset-backed securities. (5) Interest...

  6. 31 CFR 206.4 - Collection and payment mechanisms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... with these criteria, specific cash flows will utilize EFT as follows: (1) Fees/fines. EFT will be adopted as the presumed method of collecting fees and fines, especially when these collection cash flows... provide the Service with a recommended mechanism for any new or modified cash flows. The Service will...

  7. 7 CFR 3565.303 - Issuance of loan guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow certification—the lender certifies, in writing, the project's cash flow assumptions are still valid and depict compliance... standards for site development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow...

  8. 7 CFR 3565.303 - Issuance of loan guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow certification—the lender certifies, in writing, the project's cash flow assumptions are still valid and depict compliance... standards for site development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow...

  9. 7 CFR 3565.303 - Issuance of loan guarantee.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow certification—the lender certifies, in writing, the project's cash flow assumptions are still valid and depict compliance... standards for site development in 7 CFR part 1924, subpart C, or its successor regulations; (2) Cash flow...

  10. 17 CFR 229.1121 - (Item 1121) Distribution and pool performance information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... and actual distribution dates for the distribution period. (2) Cash flows received and the sources... shortfalls or carryovers. (iv) The amount of excess cash flow or excess spread and the disposition of excess cash flow. (4) Beginning and ending principal balances of the asset-backed securities. (5) Interest...

  11. 31 CFR 206.4 - Collection and payment mechanisms.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... with these criteria, specific cash flows will utilize EFT as follows: (1) Fees/fines. EFT will be adopted as the presumed method of collecting fees and fines, especially when these collection cash flows... provide the Service with a recommended mechanism for any new or modified cash flows. The Service will...

  12. 7 CFR 762.150 - Interest assistance program.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... assistance the lender's cash flow budget for the guaranteed applicant must reflect the need for interest assistance and the ability to cash flow with the subsidy. Interest assistance is available only on new... significant changes in the borrower's cash flow budget are anticipated after the initial 12 months, then the...

  13. 17 CFR 229.1121 - (Item 1121) Distribution and pool performance information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and actual distribution dates for the distribution period. (2) Cash flows received and the sources... shortfalls or carryovers. (iv) The amount of excess cash flow or excess spread and the disposition of excess cash flow. (4) Beginning and ending principal balances of the asset-backed securities. (5) Interest...

  14. 17 CFR 229.1121 - (Item 1121) Distribution and pool performance information.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and actual distribution dates for the distribution period. (2) Cash flows received and the sources... shortfalls or carryovers. (iv) The amount of excess cash flow or excess spread and the disposition of excess cash flow. (4) Beginning and ending principal balances of the asset-backed securities. (5) Interest...

  15. 7 CFR 762.125 - Financial feasibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... lender, the applicant, and the Agency will be used. (6) The cash flow budget analyzed to determine a feasible plan must represent the predicted cash flow of the operating cycle. (7) Lenders must use price... or will have a cash flow budget developed in conjunction with a proposed or existing Agency direct...

  16. 7 CFR 762.125 - Financial feasibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... lender, the applicant, and the Agency will be used. (6) The cash flow budget analyzed to determine a feasible plan must represent the predicted cash flow of the operating cycle. (7) Lenders must use price... or will have a cash flow budget developed in conjunction with a proposed or existing Agency direct...

  17. 26 CFR 1.475(a)-4 - Valuation safe harbor.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... achieved a predictable net cash flow (for example, a synthetic annuity) that reflects the captured bid-ask spread. This net cash flow is generally impervious to market fluctuations in the values on which the... cash flow attributable to the capture of these spreads. (3) Summary of paragraphs. Paragraph (b) of...

  18. 7 CFR 762.125 - Financial feasibility.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... lender, the applicant, and the Agency will be used. (6) The cash flow budget analyzed to determine a feasible plan must represent the predicted cash flow of the operating cycle. (7) Lenders must use price...; welding shops; boarding horses; and riding stables. (10) When the applicant has or will have a cash flow...

  19. Guidebook for solar process-heat applications

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fazzolare, R.; Mignon, G.; Campoy, L.; Luttmann, F.

    1981-01-01

    The potential for solar process heat in Arizona and some of the general technical aspects of solar, such as insolation, siting, and process analysis are explored. Major aspects of a solar plant design are presented. Collectors, storage, and heat exchange are discussed. Reducing hardware costs to annual dollar benefits is also discussed. Rate of return, cash flow, and payback are discussed as they relate to solar systems. Design analysis procedures are presented. The design cost optimization techniques using a yearly computer simulation of a solar process operation is demonstrated.

  20. 7 CFR 1717.154 - Transitional assistance in connection with new loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... loans, RUS will consider the loan authority for the fiscal year, the borrower's projected cash flows... and supplemental loans and the impacts of this difference on the borrower's projected cash flows and... other costs of entering into the merger places on the borrower's rates and cash flows, and the...

  1. 43 CFR 404.39 - What factors will Reclamation consider in evaluating my capability to pay 25 percent or more of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... and depreciation, maintenance and repair); (6) Cash flow from operating activities (positive value... financial obligations; (9) Collateral/equity as appropriate; (10) Cash flows from capital and related financing activities (negative value from principle paid on bonds and interest payments); (11) Net cash flow...

  2. 43 CFR 404.39 - What factors will Reclamation consider in evaluating my capability to pay 25 percent or more of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... and depreciation, maintenance and repair); (6) Cash flow from operating activities (positive value... financial obligations; (9) Collateral/equity as appropriate; (10) Cash flows from capital and related financing activities (negative value from principle paid on bonds and interest payments); (11) Net cash flow...

  3. 7 CFR 1717.154 - Transitional assistance in connection with new loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... loans, RUS will consider the loan authority for the fiscal year, the borrower's projected cash flows... and supplemental loans and the impacts of this difference on the borrower's projected cash flows and... other costs of entering into the merger places on the borrower's rates and cash flows, and the...

  4. 17 CFR 270.3a-7 - Issuers of asset-backed securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from eligible assets; (2) Securities... parties in those eligible assets that principally generate the cash flow needed to pay the fixed-income... the cash flows derived from eligible assets for the benefit of the holders of fixed-income securities...

  5. 17 CFR 270.3a-7 - Issuers of asset-backed securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from eligible assets; (2) Securities... parties in those eligible assets that principally generate the cash flow needed to pay the fixed-income... the cash flows derived from eligible assets for the benefit of the holders of fixed-income securities...

  6. 20 CFR 606.32 - Types of advances subject to interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... under title XII of the Social Security Act. (b) Cash flow loans—(1) Availability of interest-free advances. Advances are deemed cash flow loans and shall be free of interest provided that: (i) The advances... calendar year of those loans deemed to be cash flow loans and not subject to interest. This notification...

  7. 77 FR 4638 - Defense Federal Acquisition Regulation Supplement; Performance-Based Payments (DFARS Case 2011-D045)

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-01-30

    ... tool. The PBP analysis tool is a cash-flow model for evaluating alternative financing arrangements, and... PBP analysis tool is a cash-flow model for evaluating alternative financing arrangements, and is... that reflects adequate consideration to the Government for the improved contractor cash flow...

  8. 7 CFR 1717.154 - Transitional assistance in connection with new loans.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... loans, RUS will consider the loan authority for the fiscal year, the borrower's projected cash flows... and supplemental loans and the impacts of this difference on the borrower's projected cash flows and... other costs of entering into the merger places on the borrower's rates and cash flows, and the...

  9. 18 CFR 367.2450 - Account 245, Derivative instrument liabilities-Hedges

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... derivative instrument liabilities designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) A... cash flow hedge in this account, with a concurrent charge to account 219, Accumulated other... portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the same income or expense account that will be used...

  10. 17 CFR 270.3a-7 - Issuers of asset-backed securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from eligible assets; (2) Securities... parties in those eligible assets that principally generate the cash flow needed to pay the fixed-income... the cash flows derived from eligible assets for the benefit of the holders of fixed-income securities...

  11. 43 CFR 404.39 - What factors will Reclamation consider in evaluating my capability to pay 25 percent or more of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... and depreciation, maintenance and repair); (6) Cash flow from operating activities (positive value... financial obligations; (9) Collateral/equity as appropriate; (10) Cash flows from capital and related financing activities (negative value from principle paid on bonds and interest payments); (11) Net cash flow...

  12. 18 CFR 367.2450 - Account 245, Derivative instrument liabilities-Hedges

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... derivative instrument liabilities designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) A... cash flow hedge in this account, with a concurrent charge to account 219, Accumulated other... portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the same income or expense account that will be used...

  13. 18 CFR 367.2450 - Account 245, Derivative instrument liabilities-Hedges

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... derivative instrument liabilities designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) A... cash flow hedge in this account, with a concurrent charge to account 219, Accumulated other... portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the same income or expense account that will be used...

  14. 20 CFR 606.32 - Types of advances subject to interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... under title XII of the Social Security Act. (b) Cash flow loans—(1) Availability of interest-free advances. Advances are deemed cash flow loans and shall be free of interest provided that: (i) The advances... calendar year of those loans deemed to be cash flow loans and not subject to interest. This notification...

  15. 18 CFR 367.2450 - Account 245, Derivative instrument liabilities-Hedges

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... derivative instrument liabilities designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) A... cash flow hedge in this account, with a concurrent charge to account 219, Accumulated other... portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the same income or expense account that will be used...

  16. 20 CFR 606.32 - Types of advances subject to interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... under title XII of the Social Security Act. (b) Cash flow loans—(1) Availability of interest-free advances. Advances are deemed cash flow loans and shall be free of interest provided that: (i) The advances... calendar year of those loans deemed to be cash flow loans and not subject to interest. This notification...

  17. 17 CFR 270.3a-7 - Issuers of asset-backed securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from eligible assets; (2) Securities... parties in those eligible assets that principally generate the cash flow needed to pay the fixed-income... the cash flows derived from eligible assets for the benefit of the holders of fixed-income securities...

  18. 17 CFR 270.3a-7 - Issuers of asset-backed securities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... holders to receive payments that depend primarily on the cash flow from eligible assets; (2) Securities... parties in those eligible assets that principally generate the cash flow needed to pay the fixed-income... the cash flows derived from eligible assets for the benefit of the holders of fixed-income securities...

  19. 43 CFR 404.39 - What factors will Reclamation consider in evaluating my capability to pay 25 percent or more of...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... and depreciation, maintenance and repair); (6) Cash flow from operating activities (positive value... financial obligations; (9) Collateral/equity as appropriate; (10) Cash flows from capital and related financing activities (negative value from principle paid on bonds and interest payments); (11) Net cash flow...

  20. 18 CFR 367.2450 - Account 245, Derivative instrument liabilities-Hedges

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... derivative instrument liabilities designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) A... cash flow hedge in this account, with a concurrent charge to account 219, Accumulated other... portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the same income or expense account that will be used...

  1. 20 CFR 606.32 - Types of advances subject to interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... under title XII of the Social Security Act. (b) Cash flow loans—(1) Availability of interest-free advances. Advances are deemed cash flow loans and shall be free of interest provided that: (i) The advances... calendar year of those loans deemed to be cash flow loans and not subject to interest. This notification...

  2. 17 CFR 229.914 - (Item 914) Pro forma financial statements: selected financial data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... transaction. (b) Provide pro forma financial information (including oil and gas reserves and cash flow... fiscal year and the latest interim period; (3) Statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year... to be included in a roll-up transaction provide: Ratio of earnings to fixed charges, cash and cash...

  3. 17 CFR 229.914 - (Item 914) Pro forma financial statements: selected financial data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... transaction. (b) Provide pro forma financial information (including oil and gas reserves and cash flow... fiscal year and the latest interim period; (3) Statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year... to be included in a roll-up transaction provide: Ratio of earnings to fixed charges, cash and cash...

  4. 17 CFR 229.914 - (Item 914) Pro forma financial statements: selected financial data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... transaction. (b) Provide pro forma financial information (including oil and gas reserves and cash flow... fiscal year and the latest interim period; (3) Statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year... to be included in a roll-up transaction provide: Ratio of earnings to fixed charges, cash and cash...

  5. 17 CFR 229.914 - (Item 914) Pro forma financial statements: selected financial data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... transaction. (b) Provide pro forma financial information (including oil and gas reserves and cash flow... fiscal year and the latest interim period; (3) Statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year... to be included in a roll-up transaction provide: Ratio of earnings to fixed charges, cash and cash...

  6. 17 CFR 229.914 - (Item 914) Pro forma financial statements: selected financial data.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... transaction. (b) Provide pro forma financial information (including oil and gas reserves and cash flow... fiscal year and the latest interim period; (3) Statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year... to be included in a roll-up transaction provide: Ratio of earnings to fixed charges, cash and cash...

  7. Get the Most from Your Cash Flow.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Bauer, Richard I.

    1995-01-01

    Provides guidelines for overseeing a school district's cash-flow management program: (1) receipts into cash; (2) types of float; (3) concentration account or controlled-disbursement account; (4) bank-account analysis; and (5) safety. One figure is included. (LMI)

  8. What does free cash flow tell us about hospital efficiency? A stochastic frontier analysis of cost inefficiency in California hospitals.

    PubMed

    Pratt, William R

    2010-01-01

    Hospitals are facing substantial financial and economic pressure as a result of health plan payment restructuring, unfunded mandates, and other factors. This article analyzes the relationship between free cash flow (FCF) and hospital efficiency given these financial challenges. Data from 270 California hospitals were used to estimate a stochastic frontier model of hospital cost efficiency that explicitly takes into account outpatient heterogeneity. The findings indicate that hospital FCF is significantly linked to firm efficiency/inefficiency. The results indicate that higher positive cash flows are related to lower cost inefficiency, but higher negative cash flows are related to higher cost inefficiency. Thus, cash flows not only impact the ability of hospitals to meet current liabilities, they are also related to the ability of the hospitals to use resources effectively.

  9. 18 CFR 34.4 - Required exhibits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Cash Flows and Computation of Interest Coverage on an actual basis and a pro forma basis for the most... Cash Flows must be in the form prescribed for the “Statement of Cash Flows” of the FERC Form No. 1...

  10. 18 CFR 34.4 - Required exhibits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... Cash Flows and Computation of Interest Coverage on an actual basis and a pro forma basis for the most... Cash Flows must be in the form prescribed for the “Statement of Cash Flows” of the FERC Form No. 1...

  11. 18 CFR 34.4 - Required exhibits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Cash Flows and Computation of Interest Coverage on an actual basis and a pro forma basis for the most... Cash Flows must be in the form prescribed for the “Statement of Cash Flows” of the FERC Form No. 1...

  12. 18 CFR 34.4 - Required exhibits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... Cash Flows and Computation of Interest Coverage on an actual basis and a pro forma basis for the most... Cash Flows must be in the form prescribed for the “Statement of Cash Flows” of the FERC Form No. 1...

  13. 18 CFR 34.4 - Required exhibits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... Cash Flows and Computation of Interest Coverage on an actual basis and a pro forma basis for the most... Cash Flows must be in the form prescribed for the “Statement of Cash Flows” of the FERC Form No. 1...

  14. A market, operation, and mission assessment of large rural for-profit hospitals with positive cash flow.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J

    2007-01-01

    National benchmark data for 2002 indicate that large rural for-profit hospitals have a median cash flow margin of 19.5% compared to 9.2% for their nonprofit counterparts. This study aims to gain insight regarding the driving factors behind the high cash flow performance of large rural for-profit hospitals. Using 3 annual periods of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid cost report data with the last fiscal year ending between September 30, 2002, and August 30, 2003, the study found a cash flow margin of 21.5% for the large rural for-profit hospitals. All these facilities were owned by hospital management companies. To assess their underlying market, operational, and mission factors, these hospitals were compared to a similar comparison group of large rural nonprofit hospitals that are system owned and have positive cash flows. Using logistic regression analysis, the study found lower operating expense per adjusted discharge and salary expense as a percentage of total operating expense among large rural for-profit, system-owned hospitals with positive cash flows relative to nonprofits with similar traits. Overall, the findings of this study reflect how these for-profit hospitals, which are owned by hospital management companies, focus on controlling their labor costs as well as operating costs per discharge in order to achieve a greater positive cash flow position.

  15. A Logical Approach to the Statement of Cash Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Petro, Fred; Gean, Farrell

    2014-01-01

    Of the three financial statements in financial reporting, the Statement of Cash Flows (SCF) is perhaps the most challenging. The most difficult aspect of the SCF is in developing an understanding of how previous transactions are finalized in this document. The purpose of this paper is to logically explain the indirect approach of cash flow whereby…

  16. 77 FR 30040 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; New York Stock Exchange LLC; Notice of Filing and Immediate...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-05-21

    ... proposes to amend, the Domestic Earnings Test and the Domestic Valuation/Revenue with Cash Flow Test. In... amend, the International Earnings Test and the International Valuation/Revenue with Cash Flow Test.\\7... Domestic Valuation/Revenue with Cash Flow Test, the applicant must have (1) At least $500 million in global...

  17. 26 CFR 301.7701(i)-2 - Special rules for portions of entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    .... A portion does not include assets that are unlikely to produce any significant cash flows for the... legally entitled to cash flows from the assets. Thus, for example, even if the sale of a building would... anticipated that the cash flows from each group of mortgages will service its related bonds. (iii) Each of the...

  18. 30 CFR 203.84 - What is in a net revenue and relief justification report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... cash flow data for 12 qualifying months, using the format specified in the “Guidelines for the...) The cash flow table you submit must include historical data for: (1) Lease production subject to...) Transportation and processing costs. (b) Do not include in your cash flow table the non-allowable costs listed at...

  19. 30 CFR 203.84 - What is in a net revenue and relief justification report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ... cash flow data for 12 qualifying months, using the format specified in the “Guidelines for the...) The cash flow table you submit must include historical data for: (1) Lease production subject to...) Transportation and processing costs. (b) Do not include in your cash flow table the non-allowable costs listed at...

  20. 30 CFR 203.84 - What is in a net revenue and relief justification report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ... justification report? This report presents cash flow data for 12 qualifying months, using the format specified... having some production. (a) The cash flow table you submit must include historical data for: (1) Lease... allowable costs; and (5) Transportation and processing costs. (b) Do not include in your cash flow table the...

  1. 26 CFR 301.7701(i)-2 - Special rules for portions of entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    .... A portion does not include assets that are unlikely to produce any significant cash flows for the... legally entitled to cash flows from the assets. Thus, for example, even if the sale of a building would... anticipated that the cash flows from each group of mortgages will service its related bonds. (iii) Each of the...

  2. 30 CFR 203.84 - What is in a net revenue and relief justification report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... cash flow data for 12 qualifying months, using the format specified in the “Guidelines for the...) The cash flow table you submit must include historical data for: (1) Lease production subject to...) Transportation and processing costs. (b) Do not include in your cash flow table the non-allowable costs listed at...

  3. 17 CFR 229.1114 - (Item 1114) Credit enhancement and other support, except for certain derivatives instruments.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... liable to provide payments representing 10% or more of the cash flow supporting any offered class of... liable to provide payments representing 10% or more, but less than 20%, of the cash flow supporting any... liable or contingently liable to provide payments representing 20% or more of the cash flow supporting...

  4. 26 CFR 301.7701(i)-2 - Special rules for portions of entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    .... A portion does not include assets that are unlikely to produce any significant cash flows for the... legally entitled to cash flows from the assets. Thus, for example, even if the sale of a building would... anticipated that the cash flows from each group of mortgages will service its related bonds. (iii) Each of the...

  5. 26 CFR 301.7701(i)-2 - Special rules for portions of entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... A portion does not include assets that are unlikely to produce any significant cash flows for the... legally entitled to cash flows from the assets. Thus, for example, even if the sale of a building would... anticipated that the cash flows from each group of mortgages will service its related bonds. (iii) Each of the...

  6. 26 CFR 301.7701(i)-2 - Special rules for portions of entities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    .... A portion does not include assets that are unlikely to produce any significant cash flows for the... legally entitled to cash flows from the assets. Thus, for example, even if the sale of a building would... anticipated that the cash flows from each group of mortgages will service its related bonds. (iii) Each of the...

  7. 30 CFR 203.84 - What is in a net revenue and relief justification report?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-07-01

    ...) Transportation and processing costs. (b) Do not include in your cash flow table the non-allowable costs listed at... cash flow data for 12 qualifying months, using the format specified in the “Guidelines for the... cash flow table you submit must include historical data for: (1) Lease production subject to royalty...

  8. Fourteen Steps to More Effective Cash Flow Management

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neugebauer, Roger

    2004-01-01

    Managing cash flow is an incredibly important skill for a center director. Even a center with an annual budget showing a healthy surplus may experience brief periods where funds in the checkbook are insufficient to pay all the bills. To discover how successful directors manage cash flow in tight times, the author surveyed members of the "Exchange…

  9. Unstop the Logjams in Your Cash Flow.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Everett, R. E.

    1989-01-01

    A cash flow analysis is charting expenditures and revenues against a factor of time. Explains how school systems can, by charting the congruency of revenues and expenditures carefully, develop an investment program to take maximum advantage of a positive cash position. (MLF)

  10. The Cash Flow Budget. Part II--Implementation

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gehm, Rudy

    1978-01-01

    An "aged accounts payable" (A/P) summary and a cash disbursements journal are advocated as management measures useful in monitoring the cash flow in a college store. Methods for maintaining the A/P summary and for updating the journal are illustrated. (LBH)

  11. Cash budgeting: an underutilized resource management tool in not-for-profit health care entities.

    PubMed

    Hauser, R C; Edwards, D E; Edwards, J T

    1991-01-01

    Cash budgeting is generally considered to be an important part of resource management in all businesses. However, respondents to a survey of not-for-profit health care entities revealed that some 40 percent of the participants do not currently prepare cash budgets. Where budgeting occurred, the cash forecasts covered various time frames, and distribution of the document was inconsistent. Most budgets presented cash receipts and disbursements according to operating, investing, and financing activities--a format consistent with the year-end cash flow statement. By routinely preparing monthly cash budgets, the not-for-profit health care entity can project cash inflow/outflow or position with anticipated cash insufficiencies and surpluses. The budget should be compared each month to actual results to evaluate performance. The magnitude and timing of cash flows is much too critical to be left to chance.

  12. 17 CFR 210.3-18 - Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ...-07. (3) An audited statement of cash flows for the most recent fiscal year if necessary to comply.... In addition, the statements of operations and cash flows (if required by generally accepted... operations, cash flows, and changes in net assets shall be provided for the interim period between the end of...

  13. 76 FR 39278 - Modification of Treasury Regulations Pursuant to Section 939A of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-07-06

    ... adjustment implicit in the yield curve used to discount the present value of the cash flows. This adjustment... valuation date, X determines a mid-market probability distribution of future cash flows under the derivatives and computes the present values of these cash flows. In computing these present values, X uses an...

  14. Assessing the performance of freestanding hospitals.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Diana, Mark L

    2007-01-01

    Freestanding hospitals are becoming less common as more hospitals are joining or establishing relationships with multihospital systems. These associations are driven by factors, such as unrelenting competition in local markets, aging physical plants, increasing labor costs, and higher physician fees, that place a high demand on financial assets. Despite these factors, many freestanding hospitals continue to do well financially, showing increases in total profit margins and total cash flow margins. This article examines which market, management, financial, and mission factors are associated with freestanding hospitals with consistently positive cash flows, relative to those without consistently positive cash flows. The study sample consisted of freestanding, nonfederal, short-term, acute care general hospitals with more than 50 beds and three years of annual cash flow data. Data were taken from the annual surveys of the American Hospital Association, the cost reports of the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, and the Area Resource File of the Health Resources and Services Administration. The data were analyzed using logistic regression to identify those factors associated with a consistently positive cash flow. Freestanding hospitals with positive cash flows were found to have a greater market share and to be located in markets with a higher number of physicians and fewer acute care beds; to have fewer unoccupied beds, higher net revenues, greater liquidity, and less debt on hand; and to treat fewer Medicare patients than those without a positive cash flow. The findings suggest that these hospitals are located in resource-rich environments and that they have strong management teams.

  15. "Bird in the hand" cash was more effective than prize draws in increasing physician questionnaire response.

    PubMed

    Drummond, Frances J; O'Leary, Eamonn; O'Neill, Ciaran; Burns, Richeal; Sharp, Linda

    2014-02-01

    To investigate the effects of two monetary incentives on response rates to postal questionnaires from primary care physicians (PCPs). The PCPs were randomized into three arms (n=550 per arm), namely (1) €5 sent with the questionnaire (cash); (2) entry into a draw on return of completed questionnaire (prize); or (3) no incentive. Effects of incentives on response rates and item nonresponse were examined, as was cost-effectiveness. Response rates were significantly higher in the cash (66.1%; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 61.9, 70.4%) and prize arms (44.8%; 95% CI: 40.1, 49.3%) compared with the no-incentive arm (39.9%; 95% CI: 35.4, 44.3%). Adjusted relative risk of response was 1.17 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.35) and 1.68 (95% CI: 1.48, 1.91) in the prize and cash arms, respectively, compared with the no-incentive group. Costs per completed questionnaire were €9.85, €11.15, and €6.31 for the cash, prize, and no-incentive arms, respectively. Compared with the no-incentive arm, costs per additional questionnaire returned in the cash and prize arms were €14.72 and €37.20, respectively. Both a modest cash incentive and entry into a prize draw were effective in increasing response rates. The cash incentive was most effective and the most cost-effective. Where it is important to maximize response, a modest cash incentive may be cost-effective. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  16. The early indicators of financial failure: a study of bankrupt and solvent health systems.

    PubMed

    Coyne, Joseph S; Singh, Sher G

    2008-01-01

    This article presents a series of pertinent predictors of financial failure based on analysis of solvent and bankrupt health systems to identify which financial measures show the clearest distinction between success and failure. Early warning signals are evident from the longitudinal analysis as early as five years before bankruptcy. The data source includes seven years of annual statements filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission by 13 health systems before they filed bankruptcy. Comparative data were compiled from five solvent health systems for the same seven-year period. Seven financial solvency ratios are included in this study, including four cash liquidity measures, two leverage measures, and one efficiency measure. The results show distinct financial trends between solvent and bankrupt health systems, in particular for the operating-cash-flow-related measures, namely Ratio 1: Operating Cash Flow Percentage Change, from prior to current period; Ratio 2: Operating Cash Flow to Net Revenues; and Ratio 4: Cash Flow to Total Liabilities, indicating sensitivity in the hospital industry to cash flow management. The high dependence on credit from third-party payers is cited as a reason for this; thus, there is a great need for cash to fund operations. Five managerial policy implications are provided to help health system managers avoid financial solvency problems in the future.

  17. 17 CFR 210.3-18 - Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... fiscal year conforming to the requirements of § 210.6-07. (3) An audited statement of cash flows for the... 245 days of the date of filing. In addition, the statements of operations and cash flows (if required... addition, the statements of operations, cash flows, and changes in net assets shall be provided for the...

  18. 17 CFR 210.3-18 - Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... fiscal year conforming to the requirements of § 210.6-07. (3) An audited statement of cash flows for the... 245 days of the date of filing. In addition, the statements of operations and cash flows (if required... addition, the statements of operations, cash flows, and changes in net assets shall be provided for the...

  19. 17 CFR 210.3-18 - Special provisions as to registered management investment companies and companies required to be...

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... fiscal year conforming to the requirements of § 210.6-07. (3) An audited statement of cash flows for the... 245 days of the date of filing. In addition, the statements of operations and cash flows (if required... addition, the statements of operations, cash flows, and changes in net assets shall be provided for the...

  20. A Market, Operation, and Mission Assessment of Large Rural For-Profit Hospitals with Positive Cash Flow

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McCue, Michael J.

    2007-01-01

    Context: National benchmark data for 2002 indicate that large rural for-profit hospitals have a median cash flow margin of 19.5% compared to 9.2% for their nonprofit counterparts. Purpose: This study aims to gain insight regarding the driving factors behind the high cash flow performance of large rural for-profit hospitals. Methods: Using 3 annual…

  1. Net present value probability distributions from decline curve reserves estimates

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Simpson, D.E.; Huffman, C.H.; Thompson, R.S.

    1995-12-31

    This paper demonstrates how reserves probability distributions can be used to develop net present value (NPV) distributions. NPV probability distributions were developed from the rate and reserves distributions presented in SPE 28333. This real data study used practicing engineer`s evaluations of production histories. Two approaches were examined to quantify portfolio risk. The first approach, the NPV Relative Risk Plot, compares the mean NPV with the NPV relative risk ratio for the portfolio. The relative risk ratio is the NPV standard deviation (a) divided the mean ({mu}) NPV. The second approach, a Risk - Return Plot, is a plot of themore » {mu} discounted cash flow rate of return (DCFROR) versus the {sigma} for the DCFROR distribution. This plot provides a risk-return relationship for comparing various portfolios. These methods may help evaluate property acquisition and divestiture alternatives and assess the relative risk of a suite of wells or fields for bank loans.« less

  2. 24 CFR 401.461 - HUD-held second mortgage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... net cash flow, trending assumptions, amortization provisions, and expected residual value of the...)(i) Principal and interest on the second mortgage is payable only out of net cash flow during its term. “Net cash flow” means that portion of project income that remains after the payment of all...

  3. 7 CFR 4280.139 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... credit analysis, including adequacy of equity, cash flow, collateral, history, management, and the current status of the industry for which credit is to be extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made... paragraph (d)(2) of this section for loans of $600,000 or less. Cash equity injection, as discussed in...

  4. 24 CFR 401.461 - HUD-held second mortgage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... net cash flow, trending assumptions, amortization provisions, and expected residual value of the...)(i) Principal and interest on the second mortgage is payable only out of net cash flow during its term. “Net cash flow” means that portion of project income that remains after the payment of all...

  5. 24 CFR 401.461 - HUD-held second mortgage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... net cash flow, trending assumptions, amortization provisions, and expected residual value of the...)(i) Principal and interest on the second mortgage is payable only out of net cash flow during its term. “Net cash flow” means that portion of project income that remains after the payment of all...

  6. 7 CFR 4280.139 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... credit analysis, including adequacy of equity, cash flow, collateral, history, management, and the current status of the industry for which credit is to be extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made... paragraph (d)(2) of this section for loans of $600,000 or less. Cash equity injection, as discussed in...

  7. 7 CFR 4280.139 - Credit quality.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... credit analysis, including adequacy of equity, cash flow, collateral, history, management, and the current status of the industry for which credit is to be extended. (a) Cash flow. All efforts will be made... paragraph (d)(2) of this section for loans of $600,000 or less. Cash equity injection, as discussed in...

  8. 24 CFR 401.461 - HUD-held second mortgage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... net cash flow, trending assumptions, amortization provisions, and expected residual value of the...)(i) Principal and interest on the second mortgage is payable only out of net cash flow during its term. “Net cash flow” means that portion of project income that remains after the payment of all...

  9. 24 CFR 401.461 - HUD-held second mortgage.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... net cash flow, trending assumptions, amortization provisions, and expected residual value of the...)(i) Principal and interest on the second mortgage is payable only out of net cash flow during its term. “Net cash flow” means that portion of project income that remains after the payment of all...

  10. 7 CFR 773.2 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... is a farmer in the United States or its territories that produced apples, on not less than 10 acres... cooperative. Cash flow budget is a projection listing all anticipated cash inflows (including all farm income... and other expenses) to be incurred by the borrower during the period of the budget. A cash flow budget...

  11. Synfuel program analysis. Volume 2: VENVAL users manual

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Muddiman, J. B.; Whelan, J. W.

    1980-07-01

    This volume is intended for program analysts and is a users manual for the VENVAL model. It contains specific explanations as to input data requirements and programming procedures for the use of this model. VENVAL is a generalized computer program to aid in evaluation of prospective private sector production ventures. The program can project interrelated values of installed capacity, production, sales revenue, operating costs, depreciation, investment, dent, earnings, taxes, return on investment, depletion, and cash flow measures. It can also compute related public sector and other external costs and revenues if unit costs are furnished.

  12. Leasing vs. owning a medical office: an analytical model.

    PubMed

    Tolbert, Samuel H; Wood, Carol P

    2007-01-01

    Physicians often face a major financial dilemma: To lease or own their medical office. This article takes a set of typical assumptions for a real estate market and analyzes the capital costs, cash flow, and investment implications of the option of leasing a medical office versus owning a similar property. The paper analyzes the financial aspects of each option and the impact on net physician income and potential return-on-investment. A model for analysis is presented that can be used by practitioners who advise physicians in such decision-making.

  13. 17 CFR 37.403 - Additional requirements for cash-settled swaps.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... requirements for cash-settled swaps. (a) For cash-settled swaps, the swap execution facility shall demonstrate that it monitors the pricing of the reference price used to determine cash flows or settlement; (b) For... cash-settled swaps. 37.403 Section 37.403 Commodity and Securities Exchanges COMMODITY FUTURES TRADING...

  14. Analysis of nursing home capital reimbursement systems

    PubMed Central

    Boerstler, Heidi; Carlough, Tom; Schlenker, Robert E.

    1991-01-01

    An increasing number of States are using a fair-rental approach for reimbursement of nursing home capital costs. In this study, two variants of the fair-rental capital-reimbursement approach are compared with the traditional cost-based approach in terms of after-tax cash flow to the investor, cost to the State, and rate of return to investor. Simulation models were developed to examine the effects of each capital-reimbursement approach both at specific points in time and over various periods of time. Results indicate that although long-term costs were similar for the three systems, both fair-rental approaches may be superior to the traditional cost-based approach in promoting and controlling industry stability and, at the same time, in providing an adequate return to investors. PMID:10110878

  15. 18 CFR 367.1760 - Account 176, Derivative instrument assets-Hedges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... change in the fair value of derivative instrument assets designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) When a service company designates a derivative instrument asset as a cash... effective portion of the gain or loss. The ineffective portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the...

  16. 7 CFR 1942.128 - Borrower accounting methods, management reports and audits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... under Public Law 103-354 1942-53, “Cash Flow Report,” instead of page one of schedule one and schedule..., and Equity.” When used for budgeting, the cash statement should be projected for the upcoming fiscal year. When used for quarterly or annual reports, the cash flow report should include current year...

  17. 18 CFR 367.1760 - Account 176, Derivative instrument assets-Hedges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... change in the fair value of derivative instrument assets designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) When a service company designates a derivative instrument asset as a cash... effective portion of the gain or loss. The ineffective portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the...

  18. 26 CFR 1.1411-6 - Income on investment of working capital subject to tax.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... current obligations with cash flow generated by the restaurant. S utilizes an interest-bearing checking account at a local bank to make daily deposits of cash receipts generated by the restaurant, and also to... significantly more or less than this amount depending on the short-term cash flow needs of the business. In...

  19. 7 CFR 1942.128 - Borrower accounting methods, management reports and audits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... under Public Law 103-354 1942-53, “Cash Flow Report,” instead of page one of schedule one and schedule..., and Equity.” When used for budgeting, the cash statement should be projected for the upcoming fiscal year. When used for quarterly or annual reports, the cash flow report should include current year...

  20. 18 CFR 367.1760 - Account 176, Derivative instrument assets-Hedges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... change in the fair value of derivative instrument assets designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) When a service company designates a derivative instrument asset as a cash... effective portion of the gain or loss. The ineffective portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the...

  1. 7 CFR 1942.128 - Borrower accounting methods, management reports and audits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... under Public Law 103-354 1942-53, “Cash Flow Report,” instead of page one of schedule one and schedule..., and Equity.” When used for budgeting, the cash statement should be projected for the upcoming fiscal year. When used for quarterly or annual reports, the cash flow report should include current year...

  2. 18 CFR 367.1760 - Account 176, Derivative instrument assets-Hedges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... change in the fair value of derivative instrument assets designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) When a service company designates a derivative instrument asset as a cash... effective portion of the gain or loss. The ineffective portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the...

  3. 7 CFR 1942.128 - Borrower accounting methods, management reports and audits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... under Public Law 103-354 1942-53, “Cash Flow Report,” instead of page one of schedule one and schedule..., and Equity.” When used for budgeting, the cash statement should be projected for the upcoming fiscal year. When used for quarterly or annual reports, the cash flow report should include current year...

  4. 18 CFR 367.1760 - Account 176, Derivative instrument assets-Hedges.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... change in the fair value of derivative instrument assets designated by the service company as cash flow or fair value hedges. (b) When a service company designates a derivative instrument asset as a cash... effective portion of the gain or loss. The ineffective portion of the cash flow hedge must be charged to the...

  5. A Model for Determining School District Cash Flow Needs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dembowski, Frederick L.

    This paper discusses a model to optimize cash management in school districts. A brief discussion of the cash flow pattern of school districts is followed by an analysis of the constraints faced by the school districts in their investment planning process. A linear programming model used to optimize net interest earnings on investments is developed…

  6. A system for forecasting and monitoring cash flow : phase II, forecasting federal and state revenues, maintenance contracts, other expenditures, and cash balances.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1985-01-01

    The research on which this report is based was performed as part of a study to develop an improved system for generating a two-year forecast of monthly cash flows for the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. It revealed that current te...

  7. A Conceptual Framework for the Indirect Method of Reporting Net Cash Flow from Operating Activities

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Wang, Ting J.

    2010-01-01

    This paper describes the fundamental concept of the reconciliation behind the indirect method of the statement of cash flows. A conceptual framework is presented to demonstrate how accrual and cash-basis accounting methods relate to each other and to illustrate the concept of reconciling these two accounting methods. The conceptual framework…

  8. 17 CFR 244.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... registrant's historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that: (i) Excludes... income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the issuer; or (ii...

  9. 17 CFR 244.101 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... registrant's historical or future financial performance, financial position or cash flows that: (i) Excludes... income, balance sheet or statement of cash flows (or equivalent statements) of the issuer; or (ii...

  10. 77 FR 20079 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change Relating...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-04-03

    ... dependent, and a majority of annual cash flow is earned during the winter heating season (October through... markets in which they invest), to manage cash flows, to limit exposure to losses due to changes to non-U.S... terms of voting rights, liquidation preference, and distributions. However, rather than receiving cash...

  11. 78 FR 59394 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-09-26

    .... exchange-traded covered call options on the Index in order to seek additional cash flow in the form of... more closely approximate those of the markets in which it invests), to manage cash flows or to preserve... Creation Units for cash, the Fund may incur additional costs associated with the acquisition of Deposit...

  12. Welfare Returns and Temporary Time Limits: A Proportional Hazard Model

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Albert, Vicky N.; King, William C.; Iaci, Ross

    2007-01-01

    This study analyzes welfare returns for families who leave welfare for a "sit-out" period of 12 months in response to a temporary time limit requirement in Nevada. Findings reveal that relatively few families return for cash assistance after sitting out and that the majority who do return soon after their sit-out period is complete.…

  13. 25 CFR 1200.33 - How can funds be returned?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 25 Indians 2 2010-04-01 2010-04-01 false How can funds be returned? 1200.33 Section 1200.33... TRUST FUND MANAGEMENT REFORM ACT Returning Tribal Funds to Trust § 1200.33 How can funds be returned....S.C. 162a. Cash can be transferred to the US Treasury by Electronic Funds Transfers (EFT), or the...

  14. Internal Rate of Return in Defense Analysis. Presented at the Annual Cost Analysis Symposium (27th), held at Leesburg, VA, on 8-11 Sep 1993

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1993-09-11

    it has traditionally been presented. The following cash flows also trigger "IRR incalculable-NPV diverging from zero" in the DCF program : Projecta r 0... program disapproval or cancellation is inherent in defense analyses, thus the emphasis on "affordability,’ e.g., lower cost. A final difficulty with using...percent. (With the DCF program , it makes no difference which one you use.) See Table 7 and Figure 2. Project Year 0 Year I Year 2 NPV @ 10% 1IRRs’ DCF

  15. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... forecasts is a strong indicator of serious managerial deficiencies or potential contract cost or performance... the causes of any differences. (d) Cash flow forecasts must— (1) Show the origin and use of all...

  16. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... forecasts is a strong indicator of serious managerial deficiencies or potential contract cost or performance... the causes of any differences. (d) Cash flow forecasts must— (1) Show the origin and use of all...

  17. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... forecasts is a strong indicator of serious managerial deficiencies or potential contract cost or performance... the causes of any differences. (d) Cash flow forecasts must— (1) Show the origin and use of all...

  18. 48 CFR 232.072-3 - Cash flow forecasts.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... forecasts is a strong indicator of serious managerial deficiencies or potential contract cost or performance... the causes of any differences. (d) Cash flow forecasts must— (1) Show the origin and use of all...

  19. 7 CFR 762.141 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... certification stating that a cash flow projecting at least a feasible plan has been developed, that the borrower..., the cash flow for the borrower's operation that projects a feasible plan or better for the upcoming...

  20. 7 CFR 762.141 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... certification stating that a cash flow projecting at least a feasible plan has been developed, that the borrower..., the cash flow for the borrower's operation that projects a feasible plan or better for the upcoming...

  1. 7 CFR 764.457 - Vendor requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... goals, and outline how these changes will occur using present and projected cash flow budgets; (2... use an income statement; (4) Understand and use a balance sheet; (5) Understand and use a cash flow...

  2. 7 CFR 762.141 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... certification stating that a cash flow projecting at least a feasible plan has been developed, that the borrower..., the cash flow for the borrower's operation that projects a feasible plan or better for the upcoming...

  3. 7 CFR 762.141 - Reporting requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... certification stating that a cash flow projecting at least a feasible plan has been developed, that the borrower..., the cash flow for the borrower's operation that projects a feasible plan or better for the upcoming...

  4. 7 CFR 764.457 - Vendor requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... goals, and outline how these changes will occur using present and projected cash flow budgets; (2... use an income statement; (4) Understand and use a balance sheet; (5) Understand and use a cash flow...

  5. 7 CFR 764.457 - Vendor requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... goals, and outline how these changes will occur using present and projected cash flow budgets; (2... use an income statement; (4) Understand and use a balance sheet; (5) Understand and use a cash flow...

  6. Private recreation enterprise economics

    Treesearch

    Malcolm I. Bevins

    1971-01-01

    Cash returns to recreation enterprise labor and management are low. Low returns are associated with poor location, small size, and short season. Land-value appreciation may offset low returns for some operators and explain why they stay in business. Profit maximization is not always the prime entrepreneurial goal: personal and noneconomic considerations or long-run...

  7. 7 CFR 1738.20 - Credit support requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... determined by a feasibility study satisfactory to RUS. This cash requirement will be waived for applicants operating as telecommunications companies which have positive cash flow for the two calendar years... part of the minimum 20 percent requirement, cash or, in the case of State and local governments, cash...

  8. 7 CFR 1738.20 - Credit support requirement.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... part of the minimum 20 percent requirement, cash or, in the case of State and local governments, cash... determined by a feasibility study satisfactory to RUS. This cash requirement will be waived for applicants operating as telecommunications companies which have positive cash flow for the two calendar years...

  9. Rx for low cash yields.

    PubMed

    Tobe, Chris

    2003-10-01

    Certain strategies can offer not-for-profit hospitals potentially greater investment yields while maintaining stability and principal safety. Treasury inflation-indexed securities can offer good returns, low volatility, and inflation protection. "Enhanced cash" strategies offer liquidity and help to preserve capital. Stable value "wrappers" allow hospitals to pursue higher-yielding fixed-income securities without an increase in volatility.

  10. 16 CFR 313.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... not a financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (iv) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return...

  11. 12 CFR 1016.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (D) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return. (m)(1) Financial...

  12. 16 CFR 313.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... not a financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (iv) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return...

  13. 16 CFR 313.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... not a financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (iv) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return...

  14. 12 CFR 1016.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (D) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return. (m)(1) Financial...

  15. 12 CFR 1016.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (D) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return. (m)(1) Financial...

  16. 16 CFR 313.3 - Definitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... not a financial institution merely because it allows an individual to “run a tab.” (iv) A grocery store is not a financial institution merely because it allows individuals to whom it sells groceries to cash a check, or write a check for a higher amount than the grocery purchase and obtain cash in return...

  17. Alternative Methods in the Evaluation of School District Cash Management Programs.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dembowski, Frederick L.

    1980-01-01

    Empirically evaluates three measures of effectiveness of school district cash management: the rate of return method in common use and two new measures--efficiency rating and Net Present Value (NPV). The NPV approach allows examination of efficiency and provides a framework for evaluating other areas of educational policy. (Author/IRT)

  18. Cash Management Yields Many Maximum Returns.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Traynham, William W., Jr

    1987-01-01

    Outlines the cash management program developed by the Orangeburg School District (SC) for the district's funds. They take bids from banks before deciding which bank to use for all their services, including an investment program. This new system has saved $30,000 in the first year. Sidebars tell how to shop for bank services and list technical…

  19. Evaluation of Foreign Investment in Power Plants using Real Options

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Kato, Moritoshi; Zhou, Yicheng

    This paper proposes new methods for evaluating foreign investment in power plants under market uncertainty using a real options approach. We suppose a thermal power plant project in a deregulated electricity market. One of our proposed methods is that we calculate the cash flow generated by the project in a reference year using actual market data to incorporate periodic characteristics of energy prices into a yearly cash flow model. We make the stochastic yearly cash flow model with the initial value which is the cash flow in the reference year, and certain trend and volatility. Then we calculate the real options value (ROV) of the project which has abandonment options using the yearly cash flow model. Another our proposed method is that we evaluate foreign currency/domestic currency exchange rate risk by representing ROV in foreign currency as yearly pay off and exchanging it to ROV in domestic currency using a stochastic exchange rate model. We analyze the effect of the heat rate and operation and maintenance costs of the power plant on ROV, and evaluate exchange rate risk through numerical examples. Our proposed method will be useful for the risk management of foreign investment in power plants.

  20. 24 CFR 990.280 - Project-based budgeting and accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... and other eligible purposes. (5) If the project has excess cash flow available after meeting all reasonable operating needs of the property, the PHA may use this excess cash flow for the following purposes...

  1. 24 CFR 990.280 - Project-based budgeting and accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... and other eligible purposes. (5) If the project has excess cash flow available after meeting all reasonable operating needs of the property, the PHA may use this excess cash flow for the following purposes...

  2. 24 CFR 990.280 - Project-based budgeting and accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... and other eligible purposes. (5) If the project has excess cash flow available after meeting all reasonable operating needs of the property, the PHA may use this excess cash flow for the following purposes...

  3. Impact of HMO mergers and acquisitions on financial performance.

    PubMed

    Weech-Maldonado, Robert

    2002-01-01

    This study examines the effect of health maintenance organization (HMO) mergers and acquisitions on financial performance, as indicated by cash flow returns, profitability ratios, and efficiency indicators. Pooled, cross-sectional files of financial performance data were created for HMO mergers occurring in the period of 1988 to 1994. The study uses a time-series design involving the analysis of pre- and post-acquisition financial performance measured over a period of four years. Change scores for the industry-adjusted financial performance measures were calculated and then evaluated using t-tests. The study showed that HMO mergers had a positive effect on financial performance and efficiency. This effect disappeared, however, after adjusting for HMO industry returns. Potential synergies arising from HMO mergers have been largely illusory. Mergers may have been a result of non-value enhancing motives or management overconfidence.

  4. Something for Nothing: Cash Flow as a Contract Incentive

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2016-03-01

    Defense AT&L: March-April 2016 16 Something for Nothing “ Cash Flow” as a Contract Incentive John Pritchard n John Krieger Pritchard and...Krieger are professors at the Defense Acquisition University’s Defense Systems Management College at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. During our combined 70...The government actually has complete control over one of the strongest con-tract incentives possible— cash flow. Most important, in our fiscally

  5. 24 CFR 990.205 - Fungibility of operating subsidy between projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... financial information, as described more fully in § 990.280, produces excess cash flow, and only in the amount up to those excess cash flows. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section...

  6. 24 CFR 990.205 - Fungibility of operating subsidy between projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... financial information, as described more fully in § 990.280, produces excess cash flow, and only in the amount up to those excess cash flows. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section...

  7. 24 CFR 990.205 - Fungibility of operating subsidy between projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... financial information, as described more fully in § 990.280, produces excess cash flow, and only in the amount up to those excess cash flows. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section...

  8. 24 CFR 990.205 - Fungibility of operating subsidy between projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... financial information, as described more fully in § 990.280, produces excess cash flow, and only in the amount up to those excess cash flows. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section...

  9. 24 CFR 990.205 - Fungibility of operating subsidy between projects.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... financial information, as described more fully in § 990.280, produces excess cash flow, and only in the amount up to those excess cash flows. (b) Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraph (a) of this section...

  10. An Integer Programming Approach to School District Financial Management.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Dembowski, Frederick L.

    Because of the nature of school district cash flows, there are opportunities for investing surplus cash and the necessity to borrow cash in deficit periods. The term structure of interest rates makes the manual determination of the optimal financial package impossible. In this research, an integer programming model of this cash management process…

  11. 16 CFR 801.4 - Secondary acquisitions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... fifteen days (or in the case of a cash tender offer, 10 days) after “A” files, pursuant to § 801.30. 2. If... remain the same. Since “A” would be acquiring control of B, all of B's holdings in X would be... corporation. B's voting securities are cancelled, and B's shareholders are to receive cash in return. Since S...

  12. 26 CFR 1.1385-1 - Amounts includible in patron's gross income.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... take into account in the computation of depreciation. P files his income tax returns on a calendar year... patronage dividend to P of $300 in cash with respect to his purchase of the farm implement. P will adjust..., or in computing his depreciation deduction, for the year 1965. In 1968, P receives $300 cash from the...

  13. A Discounted Cash Flow variant to detect the optimal amount of additional burdens in Public-Private Partnership transactions.

    PubMed

    Copiello, Sergio

    2016-01-01

    The Discounted Cash Flow method is a long since well-known tool to assess the feasibility of investment projects, as the background which shapes a broad range of techniques, from the Cost-Benefit Analysis up to the Life-Cycle Cost Analysis. Its rationale lies in the comparison of deferred values, only once they have been discounted back to the present. The DCF variant proposed here fits into a specific application field. It is well-suited to the evaluations required in order to structure equitable transactions under the umbrella of Public-Private Partnership. •The discount rate relies upon the concept of expected return on equity, instead than on those of weighted average cost of capital, although the latter is the most common reference within the scope of real estate investment valuation.•Given a feasible project, whose Net Present Value is more than satisfactory, we aim to identify the amount of the additional burdens that could be charged to the project, under the condition of keeping the same economically viable.•The DCF variant essentially deals with an optimization problem, which can be solved by means of simple one-shot equations, derived from financial mathematics, or through iterative calculations if additional constraints must be considered.

  14. Use of the partial farm budget technique to predict the economic impact of the flock management decision to use B-mode ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis.

    PubMed

    Sprecher, D J; Ley, W B; Whittier, W D; Bowen, J M; Thatcher, C D; Pelzer, K D; Moore, J M

    1989-07-15

    A computer spreadsheet was developed to predict the economic impact of a management decision to use B-mode ultrasonographic ovine pregnancy diagnosis. The spreadsheet design and spreadsheet cell formulas are provided. The program used the partial farm budget technique to calculate net return (NR) or cash flow changes that resulted from the decision to use ultrasonography. Using the program, either simple pregnancy diagnosis or pregnancy diagnosis with the ability to determine singleton or multiple pregnancies may be compared with no flock ultrasonographic pregnancy diagnosis. A wide range of user-selected regional variables are used to calculate the cash flow changes associated with the ultrasonography decisions. A variable may be altered through a range of values to conduct a sensitivity analysis of predicted NR. Example sensitivity analyses are included for flock conception rate, veterinary ultrasound fee, and the price of corn. Variables that influence the number of cull animals and the cost of ultrasonography have the greatest impact on predicted NR. Because the determination of singleton or multiple pregnancies is more time consuming, its economic practicality in comparison with simple pregnancy diagnosis is questionable. The value of feed saved by identifying and separately feeding ewes with singleton pregnancies is not offset by the increased ultrasonography cost.

  15. 17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... businesses, it may at its option include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the... statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on...

  16. 17 CFR 210.3-02 - Consolidated statements of income and changes in financial positions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... consolidated and for its predecessors, audited statements of income and cash flows for each of the three fiscal..., and for the corresponding period of the preceding fiscal year, statements of income and cash flows...

  17. 17 CFR 210.3-02 - Consolidated statements of income and changes in financial positions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... statements of income and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years preceding the date of the most recent... preceding fiscal year, statements of income and cash flows shall be provided. Such interim financial...

  18. 17 CFR 210.3-02 - Consolidated statements of income and changes in financial positions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... statements of income and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years preceding the date of the most recent... preceding fiscal year, statements of income and cash flows shall be provided. Such interim financial...

  19. 17 CFR 210.3-02 - Consolidated statements of income and changes in financial positions.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... statements of income and cash flows for each of the three fiscal years preceding the date of the most recent... preceding fiscal year, statements of income and cash flows shall be provided. Such interim financial...

  20. 17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... businesses, it may at its option include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the... statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on...

  1. Infrastructure Analysis Tools: A Focus on Cash Flow Analysis (Presentation)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Melaina, M.; Penev, M.

    2012-09-01

    NREL has developed and maintains a variety of infrastructure analysis models for the U.S. Department of Energy. Business case analysis has recently been added to this tool set. This presentation focuses on cash flow analysis. Cash flows depend upon infrastructure costs, optimized spatially and temporally, and assumptions about financing and revenue. NREL has incorporated detailed metrics on financing and incentives into the models. Next steps in modeling include continuing to collect feedback on regional/local infrastructure development activities and 'roadmap' dynamics, and incorporating consumer preference assumptions on infrastructure to provide direct feedback between vehicles and station rollout.

  2. Philanthropy and hospital financing.

    PubMed Central

    Smith, D G; Clement, J P; Wheeler, J R

    1995-01-01

    OBJECTIVE. This study explores the relationships among donations to not-for-profit hospitals, the returns provided by these hospitals, and fund-raising efforts. It tests a model of hospital behavior and addresses an earlier debate regarding the supply price of donations. DATA SOURCES. The main data source is the California Office of Statewide Health Planning data tapes of hospital financial disclosure reports for fiscal years 1980/1981 through 1986/1987. Complete data were available for 160 hospitals. STUDY DESIGN. Three structural equations (donations, returns, and fund-raising) are estimated as a system using a fixed-effects, pooled cross-section, time-series least squares regression. PRINCIPAL FINDINGS. Estimation results reveal the expected positive relation between donations and returns. The reverse relation between returns and donations is insignificant. The estimated effect of fund-raising on donations is insignificantly different from zero, and the effect of donations on fund-raising is negative. Fund-raising and returns are negatively associated with one another. CONCLUSION. The empirical results presented here suggest a positive donations-returns relations and are consistent with a positive supply price for donations. Hospitals appear to view a trade-off between providing returns and soliciting donations, but donors do not respond equally to these two activities. Attempts to increase free cash flow through expansion of community returns or fund-raising activity, at least in the short run, are not likely to be highly successful financing strategies for many hospitals. PMID:8537223

  3. Cash streams: five powerful income streams to increase your net income.

    PubMed

    Means, G B

    1998-01-01

    You can dramatically increase your profits by: Cash stream #1--extending credit and earning interest on the unpaid balance; Cash stream #2--doing all of the undone treatment in your practice; Cash stream #3--providing financing for everyone who deserves it; Cash stream #4--treating bigger cases; Cash stream #5--avoid treating deadbeats. There isn't anything I know of, which will jump start your practice as much as these five cash streams--more new patients, better case acceptance as well as increased cash flow. But you must get good at financing. You must have in place an organized, proven, financing system--just like the finance companies do.

  4. 12 CFR 617.7125 - How should a qualified lender determine the effective interest rate?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... a loan using the discounted cash flow method showing the effect of the time value of money. (b) For all loans, the cash flow stream used for calculating the effective interest rate of a loan must...

  5. 12 CFR 617.7125 - How should a qualified lender determine the effective interest rate?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... a loan using the discounted cash flow method showing the effect of the time value of money. (b) For all loans, the cash flow stream used for calculating the effective interest rate of a loan must...

  6. 12 CFR 617.7125 - How should a qualified lender determine the effective interest rate?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... a loan using the discounted cash flow method showing the effect of the time value of money. (b) For all loans, the cash flow stream used for calculating the effective interest rate of a loan must...

  7. 12 CFR 617.7125 - How should a qualified lender determine the effective interest rate?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... a loan using the discounted cash flow method showing the effect of the time value of money. (b) For all loans, the cash flow stream used for calculating the effective interest rate of a loan must...

  8. 12 CFR 210.12 - Return of cash items and handling of returned checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... FEDWIRE (REGULATION J) Collection of Checks and Other Items By Federal Reserve Banks § 210.12 Return of...— (i) The electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the... electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of...

  9. 12 CFR 210.12 - Return of cash items and handling of returned checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... FEDWIRE (REGULATION J) Collection of Checks and Other Items By Federal Reserve Banks § 210.12 Return of...— (i) The electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the... electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of...

  10. 12 CFR 210.12 - Return of cash items and handling of returned checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... FEDWIRE (REGULATION J) Collection of Checks and Other Items By Federal Reserve Banks § 210.12 Return of...— (i) The electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the... electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of...

  11. 12 CFR 210.12 - Return of cash items and handling of returned checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... FEDWIRE (REGULATION J) Collection of Checks and Other Items By Federal Reserve Banks § 210.12 Return of...— (i) The electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the... electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of...

  12. 12 CFR 210.12 - Return of cash items and handling of returned checks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... FEDWIRE (REGULATION J) Collection of Checks and Other Items By Federal Reserve Banks § 210.12 Return of...— (i) The electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the... electronic image portion of the item accurately represents all of the information on the front and back of...

  13. Economic Indicators of the Farm Sector. Costs of Production, 1986.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Economic Research Service (USDA), Washington, DC.

    This report contains 121 tables that estimate the costs of production of various commodities on United States farms in 1986. The report first assesses costs and returns on a per-unit basis, such as one acre or one animal, under three sections of a budget: cash receipts, cash expenses, and economic costs. The budgets are based on national…

  14. 20 CFR 404.1237 - Wage reports and contribution returns-general-for wages paid prior to 1987.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    .... (Approved by the Office of Management and Budget under control number 0960-0425) [53 FR 32976, Aug. 29, 1988...) excludes as wages the cash remuneration an employer pays employees for agricultural labor which is less... less than 20 days during a calendar year, the cash remuneration computed on a time basis. If a State...

  15. Higher mortgages, lower energy bills: The real economics of buying an energy-efficient home

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mills, E.

    1987-02-01

    To measure the actual costs and benefits of buying an energy- efficient home, it is necessary to employ a cash-flow model that accounts for mortgage interest and other charges associated with the incremental costs of conservation measures. The ability to make payments gradually over the term of a mortgage, energy savings, and tax benefits contribute to increased cost effectiveness. Conversely, financial benefits are reduced by interest payments, insurance, taxes, and various fees linked to the (higher) sale price of an energy-efficient home. Accounting for these factors can yield a strikingly different picture from those given by commonly used ''engineering'' indicators,more » such as simple payback time, internal rate of return, or net present value (NPV), which are based solely on incremental costs and energy savings. This analysis uses actual energy savings data and incremental construction costs to evaluate the mortgage cash flow for 79 of the 144 energy-efficient homes constructed in Minnesota under the Energy-Efficient Housing Demonstration Program (EEHDP) initiated in 1980 by the Minnesota Housing Finance Agency. Using typical lending terms and fees, we find that the mean mortgage-NPV derived from the homeowners' real cash flow (including construction and financing costs) is 20% lower than the standard engineering-NPV of the conservation investment: $7981 versus $9810. For eight homes, the mortgage-NPV becomes negative once we account for the various mortgage-related effects. Sensitivities to interest rates, down payment, loan term, and marginal tax rate are included to illustrate the often large impact of alternative assumptions about these parameters. The most dramatic effect occurs when the loan term is reduced from 30 to 15 years and the mortgage NPV falls to -$925. We also evaluate the favorable Federal Home Administration (FHA) terms actually applied to the EEHDP homes. 8 refs., 4 figs., 3 tabs.« less

  16. A review and update of the Virginia Department of Transportation cash flow forecasting model.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1996-01-01

    This report details the research done to review and update components of the VDOT cash flow forecasting model. Specifically, the study updated the monthly factors submodel used to predict payments on construction contracts. For the other submodel rev...

  17. Good cash flow = come in fast, go out slow!

    PubMed

    Garvey, Sherill

    2002-07-01

    The formula for successful cash management in home care is a simple one: The agency must bring cash in as quickly as possible, while keeping expenditures at as low and slow a pace as possible. However, while the formula may be simple, success may be elusive unless agency administrators have a well-thought-out plan to handle cash management.

  18. Evaluating Investments in Natural Gas Vehicles and Infrastructure for Your Fleet: Vehicle Infrastructure Cash-Flow Estimation -- VICE 2.0; Clean Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gonzales, John

    2015-04-02

    Presentation by Senior Engineer John Gonzales on Evaluating Investments in Natural Gas Vehicles and Infrastructure for Your Fleet using the Vehicle Infrastructure Cash-flow Estimation (VICE) 2.0 model.

  19. Allocating capital systemwide. Who gets how much and why.

    PubMed

    Albertina, R M; Bakewell, T F

    1989-05-01

    The maturing of multi-institutional healthcare systems has created a need for systemwide approaches to managing investment in capital expenditures. Historically, hospitals have allocated capital using traditional capital budgeting techniques, including discounted cash flow, net present value, and internal rate of return methodologies. Now systems can use a multifactored model to allocate capital among member hospitals. This approach uses historical and projected financial and statistical information to quantify the risks member hospitals face. At the system level, capital allocation decisions should start with the strategic and financial planning processes. Catholic systems face an additional caveat: The system's mission statement drives the planning processes. Conceptually, the capital allocation plan is an attempt to value each hospital as a going, or viable, concern. From this perspective, value is understood as a function of expected return, the certainty of the return, and the return offered by similar investments in other hospital markets. Despite the many determinants of business and financial risk, much of the variance in asset market value can be explained through five assessment criteria: market demographics, position within the market, historical and projected financial performance, historical utilization, and third-party reimbursement mix.

  20. A system for forecasting and monitoring cash flow : phase I : forecasting payments on construction contracts.

    DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

    1983-01-01

    The research on which this paper is based was performed as part of a study to develop a system for generating a one-to-two year forecast of monthly cash flows for the Virginia Department of Highways and Transportation. It revealed that presently used...

  1. Vehicle Infrastructure Cash-Flow Estimation--VICE 2.0; Clean Cities, Energy Efficiency & Renewable Energy (EERE)

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Mitchell, G.

    This presentation discusses the differences between the original Vehicle and Infrastructure Cash-Flow Evaluation (VICE) Model and the revamped version, VICE 2.0. The enhanced tool can now help assess projects to acquire vehicles and infrastructure, or to acquire vehicles only.

  2. 17 CFR 210.4-08 - General notes to financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... position, cash flows, or results of operation. This description shall include, to the extent material, each... their related gains and losses, are reported in the statements of financial position, cash flows, and... restricted or free of restrictions. (2) Disclose the amount of consolidated retained earnings which...

  3. 76 FR 57982 - Building Energy Codes Cost Analysis

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-19

    ... DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy [Docket No. EERE-2011-BT-BC-0046] Building Energy Codes Cost Analysis Correction In notice document 2011-23236 beginning on page... heading ``Table 1. Cash flow components'' should read ``Table 7. Cash flow components''. [FR Doc. C1-2011...

  4. Leasing versus Borrowing: Evaluating Alternative Forms of Consumer Credit.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Nunnally, Bennie H., Jr.; Plath, D. Anthony

    1989-01-01

    Presents a straightforward method for evaluating lease versus borrow (buy) decisions illustrated with actual financing cost data reported to new car purchasers. States that individuals should consider after-tax cash flows associated with alternative arrangements, time in which cash flow occurs, and opportunity cost of capital to identify the least…

  5. 48 CFR 832.202-4 - Security for Government financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... appropriate officer of the firm. (b) A cash flow forecast for the remainder of the contract term showing the planned origin and use of cash within the firm or branch performing the contract. (c) Information on financing arrangements disclosing the availability of cash to finance contract performance, the contractor's...

  6. 31 CFR 206.3 - Billing policy and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ..., DISBURSEMENTS, AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.3 Billing policy and procedures. The billing process is considered an integral part of an effective cash management collection program. In those situations where bills are required and the failure to bill would affect the cash flow, bills will...

  7. 48 CFR 832.202-4 - Security for Government financing.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... appropriate officer of the firm. (b) A cash flow forecast for the remainder of the contract term showing the planned origin and use of cash within the firm or branch performing the contract. (c) Information on financing arrangements disclosing the availability of cash to finance contract performance, the contractor's...

  8. 31 CFR 206.3 - Billing policy and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-07-01

    ..., DISBURSEMENTS, AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.3 Billing policy and procedures. The billing process is considered an integral part of an effective cash management collection program. In those situations where bills are required and the failure to bill would affect the cash flow, bills will...

  9. 31 CFR 206.3 - Billing policy and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-07-01

    ..., DISBURSEMENTS, AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.3 Billing policy and procedures. The billing process is considered an integral part of an effective cash management collection program. In those situations where bills are required and the failure to bill would affect the cash flow, bills will...

  10. 31 CFR 206.3 - Billing policy and procedures.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ..., DISBURSEMENTS, AND OPERATION OF THE CASH MANAGEMENT IMPROVEMENTS FUND § 206.3 Billing policy and procedures. The billing process is considered an integral part of an effective cash management collection program. In those situations where bills are required and the failure to bill would affect the cash flow, bills will...

  11. Why Cash Flow Is No Longer for Wimps

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Curry, John R.; Hutton, Lyn

    2012-01-01

    Managing liquidity--a college or university's ability to access cash quickly or to easily convert assets to cash--is an increasingly crucial component of enterprise risk management. Liquidity risks lurk around nearly every corner--in the endowment portfolio, the debt portfolio, and in working-capital management. It also influences students'…

  12. Improving cash flow in a down economy. How HIM can help reduce denials.

    PubMed

    Dunn, Rose

    2009-03-01

    Maybe HIM professionals can't ease tight credit or reduce bad debt, but they can make sure their organizations get full, correct reimbursement on the first submission. HIM professionals help improve cash flow by contributing to revenue cycle management n these tough economic times-when increases in bad

  13. Modelling of project cash flow on construction projects in Malang city

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Djatmiko, Bambang

    2017-09-01

    Contractors usually prepare a project cash flow (PCF) on construction projects. The flow of cash in and cash out within a construction project may vary depending on the owner, contract documents, and construction service providers who have their own authority. Other factors affecting the PCF are down payment, termyn, progress schedule, material schedule, equipment schedule, manpower schedules, and wages of workers and subcontractors. This study aims to describe the cash inflow and cash outflow based on the empirical data obtained from contractors, develop a PCF model based on Halpen & Woodhead's PCF model, and investigate whether or not there is a significant difference between the Halpen & Woodhead's PCF model and the empirical PCF model. Based on the researcher's observation, the PCF management has never been implemented by the contractors in Malang in serving their clients (owners). The research setting is in Malang City because physical development in all field and there are many new construction service providers. The findings in this current study are summarised as follows: 1) Cash in included current assets (20%), owner's down payment (20%), termyin I (5%-25%), termyin II (20%), termyin III (25%), termyin IV (25%) and retention (5%). Cash out included direct cost (65%), indirect cost (20%), and profit + informal cost(15%), 2)the construction work involving the empirical PCF model in this study was started with the funds obtained from DP or current assets and 3) The two models bear several similarities in the upward trends of direct cost, indirect cost, Pro Ic, progress billing, and S-curve. The difference between the two models is the occurrence of overdraft in the Halpen and Woodhead's PCF model only.

  14. The cost of energy from utility-owned solar electric systems. A required revenue methodology for ERDA/EPRI evaluations

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    1976-01-01

    This methodology calculates the electric energy busbar cost from a utility-owned solar electric system. This approach is applicable to both publicly- and privately-owned utilities. Busbar cost represents the minimum price per unit of energy consistent with producing system-resultant revenues equal to the sum of system-resultant costs. This equality is expressed in present value terms, where the discount rate used reflects the rate of return required on invested capital. Major input variables describe the output capabilities and capital cost of the energy system, the cash flows required for system operation amd maintenance, and the financial structure and tax environment of the utility.

  15. DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Not Available

    The technical and economic studies were performed to examine the possible installation of a small, integral pressurized water reactor as an industrial energy source in the Duval Corporation's Frasch Process sulfur mining operation located in Culberson County, Texas. Since this is the first industrial application study attempted for this type of reactor, it has been a learning process on the nuclear plant side as well as the industrial side, particularly in the area of economic analysis. The importance of considering inflationary effects, the significance of plant financing form, and the annualized, after-tax cash flow and incremental rate-of-return methods of comparisonmore » in determing energy costs have all been recognized during the course of the study.« less

  16. Surviving Tight Times or What to Do When the Money Runs Out.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neugebauer, Roger

    1987-01-01

    Recommends strategies to help for-profit and non-profit child care centers survive financial crises. These strategies include discovering the source of the problem; monitoring cash flow; trimming the budget; slowing cash outflow; speeding cash inflow; exploring new income sources; enduring the strain effectively; and avoiding crisis repetition.…

  17. Networks and the fiscal performance of rural hospitals in Oklahoma: are they associated?

    PubMed

    Broyles, R W; Brandt, E N; Biard-Holmes, D

    1998-01-01

    This paper uses regression analysis to explore the relation of network membership to the financial performance of rural hospitals in Oklahoma during fiscal year 1995. After adjusting for the scope of service, as measured by the number of facilities or services offered by the hospital, indicators of fiscal status are (1) the cash receipts derived from net patient revenue; (2) the cash disbursements related to operating costs, net of interest and depreciation expense, labor costs and nonlabor costs; and (3) net cash flow, defined as the difference between cash receipts and disbursements. Controlling for the effects of the hospital's structural attributes, operating characteristics and market conditions, the results indicate that members of a network reported lower net operating costs, labor costs and nonlabor expenses per service than nonmembers. Hence, the analysis seems to suggest that the membership of rural hospitals in a network is associated with lower cash disbursements and an improved net cash flow, outcomes that may preserve their fiscal viability and the access of the population at risk to service.

  18. 17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

  19. 17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

  20. 17 CFR 210.3-03 - Instructions to income statement requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... include statements of income and cash flows (which may be unaudited) for the twelve-month period ending on the date of the most recent balance sheet being filed, in lieu of the statements of income and cash flows for the interim periods specified. (c) If a period or periods reported on include operations of a...

  1. Back to Basics: Algebraic Foundations of the Statement of Cash Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Joyner, Donald T.; Banatte, Jean-Marie; Dondeti, V. Reddy

    2014-01-01

    The indirect method for preparing the statement of cash flows, as described in many standard textbooks, involves an item-by-item approach, telling you to add to or subtract from the net income, the increases or decreases in the balance sheet items, such as accounts payable or accounts receivable. Many business students, especially at the…

  2. The Budget Connection: The Last Step in the Planning Process.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Barker, Thomas S.

    1997-01-01

    In order to succeed, a college or university must link its mission and plans to the budget. The statement of cash flow is a useful tool to establish this connection and adjust expenditures when necessary. Financial Accounting Standards Board formats help in preparing statements for planning purposes. An example of cash flow statement use for…

  3. 20 CFR 606.32 - Types of advances subject to interest.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... provided in paragraph (b) of this section each State shall pay interest on any advance made to such State under title XII of the Social Security Act. (b) Cash flow loans. Advances repaid in full prior to October 1 of the calendar year in which made are deemed cash flow loans and shall be free of interest...

  4. 78 FR 21393 - Notice of Submission of Proposed Information Collection to OMB Ginnie Mae Multiclass Securities...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-04-10

    ..., allowing the private sector to combine and restructure cash flows from Ginnie Mae Single Class MBS into... program, Ginnie Mae guarantees, with the full faith and credit of the United States, the timely payment of... combine and restructure cash flows from Ginnie Mae Single Class MBS into securities that meet unique...

  5. 77 FR 76311 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Fixed Income Clearing Corporation; Notice of Filing of Advance...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-27

    ... the Advance Notice FICC is proposing to replace the prepayment model component (``Prepayment Model... calculations. The cash flow of a TBA CUSIP is the sum of all discounted future monthly cash flows. The future... prepayment model developed by the Office of Thrift Supervision (``OTS''); this particular model is no longer...

  6. 7 CFR 1955.130 - Real estate brokers.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... calendar year. Since the Agency receives many more marketing services for its commission dollar and saves... Law 103-354 rejects the offeror's application for credit, the earnest money will be returned to the... closing costs, or in the case of a cash sale it may be returned to the purchaser. For MFH sales to profit...

  7. IRR: A Blind Guide

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Kierulff, Herbert

    2012-01-01

    Over the past 60 years the internal rate of return (IRR) has become a major tool in investment evaluation. Many executives prefer it to net present value (NPV), presumably because they can more easily comprehend a percentage measure. This article demonstrates that, except in the rare case of an investment that is followed by a single cash return,…

  8. Community pharmacy and cash reward: a winning combination for chlamydia screening?

    PubMed

    Currie, Marian J; Deeks, Louise S; Cooper, Gabrielle M; Martin, Sarah J; Parker, Rhian M; Del Rosario, Rendry; Hocking, Jane S; Bowden, Francis J

    2013-05-01

    To date, the uptake of chlamydia screening in community pharmacies has been limited. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to determine if a cash reward, offered to both the provider and the consumer of chlamydia screening, increased the uptake of screening in community pharmacies. During 4 weeks in 2011, chlamydia screening and education were offered in four city and two suburban pharmacies to people aged 16-30 years. Those who provided a urine sample for testing, contact details, and completed a brief questionnaire were rewarded with $A10. Positive participants, and their nominated contacts, were offered treatment. Over a period of 751.5 h, 979 testing kits were requested, and 900 (93%) urine samples returned. Using probabilistic linkage methods, we determined that 671/900 (75%) urine samples were from unique individuals. 0.9 unique samples were obtained/hour of screening, 63% of which were provided by men. 19/671 (2.8%; 95% CI 1.7% to 4.4%) people tested positive, 5.2% (95% CI 2.8% to 8.8%) of women, and 1.4% (1.4 0.5 to 3.1) of men. 11/19 (58%) people were contacted and treated-two for suspected pelvic inflammatory disease. Providing a cash reward to encourage chlamydia screening in community pharmacies resulted in greater participation rates than previously reported pharmacy-based studies, particularly among men. Easily implemented mechanisms to reduce inappropriate repeat screening, incorrect contact details and effects on pharmacy work flow may enhance the efficiency of this approach.

  9. ChargeOut! : discounted cash flow compared with traditional machine-rate analysis

    Treesearch

    Ted Bilek

    2008-01-01

    ChargeOut!, a discounted cash-flow methodology in spreadsheet format for analyzing machine costs, is compared with traditional machine-rate methodologies. Four machine-rate models are compared and a common data set representative of logging skidders’ costs is used to illustrate the differences between ChargeOut! and the machine-rate methods. The study found that the...

  10. Major Crimes as Analogs to Potential Threats to Nuclear Facilities and Programs

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1980-04-01

    that he had gotten involved in land development in Europe, that his clients paid him in cash and diamonds, and that he had a cash - flow problem with...scheme to bilk the Los Angeles city treasury out of $3.5 million by cashing stolen city checks. $902,000 was never recovered and is assumed to be in...Analysis of the loot shows cash and securities to be the predominant loot taken (58 percent), followed by jewelry and precious metals (20 percent

  11. Administrative and policy issues in reimbursement for nursing home capital investment.

    PubMed

    Boerstler, H; Carlough, T; Schlenker, R E

    1991-01-01

    The way in which states reimburse for nursing home capital costs can create incentives for nursing home owners to use the home primarily as a vehicle for real estate speculation, with potentially adverse consequences for patient care. In order to help promote and control the stability, adequacy, and quality of capital investment in long-term care, an increasing number of states are using a fair-rental approach for calculating capital reimbursement. In this article we compare the fair-rental approach with traditional cost-based capital reimbursement in terms of administration and policy. We discuss issues of concern to the state (cost and reimbursement design options) and the investor (after-tax cash flows, rate of return, etc.). Our analysis suggests that fair-rental systems may be superior to traditional cost-based reimbursement in promoting and controlling industry stability, while at the same time providing an adequate return to investors, without incurring long-term increases in the costs of administering programs.

  12. [Analyzing the impact of decisions in the scope of long term care by fuzzy cognitive maps, Spain].

    PubMed

    Gutiérrez Moya, Ester; González Camacho, M Carmen; Salmerón Silvera, Jose Luis

    2012-12-01

    System for Autonomy and Care for Dependency (Spanish acronym SAAD) was created to provide a framework for the protection of dependent people. The priority established by law on benefits in kind over cash benefits, together with the efficient management of public resources provided economic returns for the SAAD, such as employment generation. The variables that influence the implementation of the SAAD are extremely complex and dynamic, and there are multiple relationships between them. The aim of this paper is to analyze the problem of satisfying a growing demand for protection, at minimum cost, and reaps the economic returns using fuzzy logic (fuzzy cognitive map). This technique is designed as a tool for decision-making in this area, to analyze the evolution of causal variables to a state of equilibrium. To do this, we have developed 4 scenarios (E1: Ageing, E2: Ageing and benefits in kind, E3: Ageing and cash benefits, E4: Ageing and cash benefit for care in the family), to analyze the evolution of variables, especially public expenditure and employment. Among the main results are: ageing is critical for the increased spending in all scenarios, but only in E1 and E2 is generated employment, residential care is not altered, even in E2; Telecare increases in all scenarios, and the cash benefit for personal attendant increases in E1 and E2.

  13. 7 CFR 3052.310 - Financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... appropriate, cash flows for the fiscal year audited. The financial statements shall be for the same... form of non-cash assistance, the amount of insurance in effect during the year, and loans or loan...

  14. 29 CFR 99.310 - Financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-07-01

    ... appropriate, cash flows for the fiscal year audited. The financial statements shall be for the same... form of non-cash assistance, the amount of insurance in effect during the year, and loans or loan...

  15. 29 CFR 99.310 - Financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-07-01

    ... appropriate, cash flows for the fiscal year audited. The financial statements shall be for the same... form of non-cash assistance, the amount of insurance in effect during the year, and loans or loan...

  16. 7 CFR 3052.310 - Financial statements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... appropriate, cash flows for the fiscal year audited. The financial statements shall be for the same... form of non-cash assistance, the amount of insurance in effect during the year, and loans or loan...

  17. Return Migration and Remittances: Developing a Caribbean Perspective. RIIES Occasional Papers No. 3.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stinner, William F., Ed.; And Others

    The 13 papers in this volume discuss issues relating to Caribbeans who have migrated to the United States and then returned to their home countries. The last three papers focus on remittances, migrants' ongoing remitting of cash and other economic resources to the home society. Paper titles (and authors) are the following: (1) "Introductory…

  18. Impact of Large Scale Energy Efficiency Programs On Consumer Tariffs and Utility Finances in India

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Abhyankar, Nikit; Phadke, Amol

    2011-01-20

    Large-scale EE programs would modestly increase tariffs but reduce consumers' electricity bills significantly. However, the primary benefit of EE programs is a significant reduction in power shortages, which might make these programs politically acceptable even if tariffs increase. To increase political support, utilities could pursue programs that would result in minimal tariff increases. This can be achieved in four ways: (a) focus only on low-cost programs (such as replacing electric water heaters with gas water heaters); (b) sell power conserved through the EE program to the market at a price higher than the cost of peak power purchase; (c) focusmore » on programs where a partial utility subsidy of incremental capital cost might work and (d) increase the number of participant consumers by offering a basket of EE programs to fit all consumer subcategories and tariff tiers. Large scale EE programs can result in consistently negative cash flows and significantly erode the utility's overall profitability. In case the utility is facing shortages, the cash flow is very sensitive to the marginal tariff of the unmet demand. This will have an important bearing on the choice of EE programs in Indian states where low-paying rural and agricultural consumers form the majority of the unmet demand. These findings clearly call for a flexible, sustainable solution to the cash-flow management issue. One option is to include a mechanism like FAC in the utility incentive mechanism. Another sustainable solution might be to have the net program cost and revenue loss built into utility's revenue requirement and thus into consumer tariffs up front. However, the latter approach requires institutionalization of EE as a resource. The utility incentive mechanisms would be able to address the utility disincentive of forgone long-run return but have a minor impact on consumer benefits. Fundamentally, providing incentives for EE programs to make them comparable to supply-side investments is a way of moving the electricity sector toward a model focused on providing energy services rather than providing electricity.« less

  19. Techniques for cash management in scheduling manufacturing operations

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Morady Gohareh, Mehdy; Shams Gharneh, Naser; Ghasemy Yaghin, Reza

    2017-06-01

    The objective in traditional scheduling is usually time based. Minimizing the makespan, total flow times, total tardi costs, etc. are instances of these objectives. In manufacturing, processing each job entails a cost paying and price receiving. Thus, the objective should include some notion of managing the flow of cash. We have defined two new objectives: maximization of average and minimum available cash. For single machine scheduling, it is demonstrated that scheduling jobs in decreasing order of profit ratios maximizes the former and improves productivity. Moreover, scheduling jobs in increasing order of costs and breaking ties in decreasing order of prices maximizes the latter and creates protection against financial instability.

  20. Conditional E-Cash

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shi, Larry; Carbunar, Bogdan; Sion, Radu

    We introduce a novel conditional e-cash protocol allowing future anonymous cashing of bank-issued e-money only upon the satisfaction of an agreed-upon public condition. Payers are able to remunerate payees for services that depend on future, yet to be determined outcomes of events. Once payment complete, any double-spending attempt by the payer will reveal its identity; no double-spending by the payee is possible. Payers can not be linked to payees or to ongoing or past transactions. The flow of cash within the system is thus both correct and anonymous. We discuss several applications of conditional e-cash including online trading of financial securities, prediction markets, and betting systems.

  1. 17 CFR 210.12-04 - Condensed financial information of registrant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... information of registrant. (a) Provide condensed financial information as to financial position, cash flows... amounts of cash dividends paid to the registrant for each of the last three fiscal years by consolidated...

  2. 17 CFR 210.12-04 - Condensed financial information of registrant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... information of registrant. (a) Provide condensed financial information as to financial position, cash flows... amounts of cash dividends paid to the registrant for each of the last three fiscal years by consolidated...

  3. 17 CFR 210.12-04 - Condensed financial information of registrant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... information of registrant. (a) Provide condensed financial information as to financial position, cash flows... amounts of cash dividends paid to the registrant for each of the last three fiscal years by consolidated...

  4. Teaching the Indirect Method of the Statement of Cash Flows in Introductory Financial Accounting: A Comprehensive, Problem-Based Approach

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Brickner, Daniel R.; McCombs, Gary B.

    2004-01-01

    In this article, the authors provide an instructional resource for presenting the indirect method of the statement of cash flows (SCF) in an introductory financial accounting course. The authors focus primarily on presenting a comprehensive example that illustrates the "why" of SCF preparation and show how journal entries and T-accounts can be…

  5. Financial Crisis Now Striking Home for School Districts: Project Delays, Worries About Cash Flow Result of Tight Credit Markets

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Davis, Michelle R.

    2008-01-01

    This article reports that the crisis besetting U.S. and world financial markets is hitting school districts hard, as they struggle to float the bonds needed for capital projects, borrow money to ensure cash flow, and get access to investment funds locked up in troubled institutions. Some schools districts depend heavily on borrowed money to pay…

  6. Watch for pitfalls of discounted cash flow techniques.

    PubMed

    Chow, C W; McNamee, A H

    1991-04-01

    Discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques can enhance the effectiveness of a healthcare organization's capital budgeting decisions. But a financial manager unaware of common misapplications of DCF techniques may make capital decisions with a hidden bias against long-term projects, an inaccurate evaluation of options, or inappropriate estimations of expected inflation and risk. Social and psychological factors also can impede effective decisions on projects already introduced.

  7. Economics of solar energy: Short term costing

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Klee, H.

    The solar economics based on life cycle costs are refuted as both imaginary and irrelevant. It is argued that predicting rates of inflation and fuel escalation, expected life, maintenance costs, and legislation over the next ten to twenty years is pure guesswork. Furthermore, given the high mobility level of the U.S. population, the average consumer is skeptical of long run arguments which will pay returns only to the next owners. In the short term cost analysis, the house is sold prior to the end of the expected life of the system. The cash flow of the seller and buyer are considered. All the relevant factors, including the federal tax credit and the added value of the house because of the solar system are included.

  8. 26 CFR 1.6050I-1 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received in a trade or business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... business use), but a $20,000 dump truck or a $20,000 factory machine is not. (3) Collectible. The term... of such person's passport, alien identification card, or other official document evidencing... driver's license or a credit card). In addition, a return will be considered incomplete if the person...

  9. 26 CFR 1.6050I-1 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received in a trade or business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... business use), but a $20,000 dump truck or a $20,000 factory machine is not. (3) Collectible. The term... of such person's passport, alien identification card, or other official document evidencing... driver's license or a credit card). In addition, a return will be considered incomplete if the person...

  10. 26 CFR 1.6050I-1 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received in a trade or business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... business use), but a $20,000 dump truck or a $20,000 factory machine is not. (3) Collectible. The term... of such person's passport, alien identification card, or other official document evidencing... driver's license or a credit card). In addition, a return will be considered incomplete if the person...

  11. 26 CFR 1.6050I-1 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received in a trade or business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... business use), but a $20,000 dump truck or a $20,000 factory machine is not. (3) Collectible. The term... of such person's passport, alien identification card, or other official document evidencing... driver's license or a credit card). In addition, a return will be considered incomplete if the person...

  12. 26 CFR 1.6050I-1 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received in a trade or business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... business use), but a $20,000 dump truck or a $20,000 factory machine is not. (3) Collectible. The term... of such person's passport, alien identification card, or other official document evidencing... driver's license or a credit card). In addition, a return will be considered incomplete if the person...

  13. 17 CFR 210.12-04 - Condensed financial information of registrant.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... as to financial position, cash flows and results of operations of the registrant as of the same dates... schedule. (b) Disclose separately the amounts of cash dividends paid to the registrant for each of the last...

  14. How fast can your company afford to grow?

    PubMed

    Churchill, N C; Mullins, J W

    2001-05-01

    Everyone knows that starting a business requires cash, and growing a business requires even more. But few people understand that a profitable company that tries to grow too fast can run out of cash even if its products are great successes. So a big challenge for managers of any growing concern is to strike the proper balance between consuming cash and generating it. Authors Neil Churchill and John Mullins offer a framework to help identify and manage the level of growth that a company's cash flow can support. They present a formula to calculate an organization's self-financeable growth (SFG) rate, taking into account three critical factors: a company's operating cash cycle--the amount of time the company's money is tied up in inventory and other current assets before customers pay for goods and services; the amount of cash needed to finance each dollar of sales; and the amount of cash generated by each dollar of sales. The authors offer a detailed hypothetical example that carefully considers these three factors; they then illustrate how a company can influence its SFG rate by carefully managing some combination of those factors--that is, some mix of speeding cash flow, reducing costs, and raising prices. They expand on the original example by showing how to include income taxes and depreciation; plan for asset replacement; and identify which one of multiple product lines holds the greatest growth potential. The authors also discuss how various kinds of businesses--manufacturing firms, importers, and service companies--differ greatly in their abilities to finance growth from internally generated funds.

  15. JEFI: a cash flow analysis program (Version 3.0 for Windows). [Computer program].

    Treesearch

    Bruce Hansen; Jeff Palmer

    1998-01-01

    JEFFI/3 is a Windows-version of JEFFI/2. The differences between the two versions are the new interface, an investment term of 1 to 30 years (instead of 4 to 30), and a rich set of detailed online help documents. JEFFI/3 still retains a number of unique features of JEFFII2 related to treatment of the final year cash flows, depreciation, working capital, and derivation...

  16. Economic performance of lactating dairy cows submitted for first service timed artificial insemination after a voluntary waiting period of 60 or 88 days.

    PubMed

    Stangaferro, M L; Wijma, R; Masello, M; Thomas, Mark J; Giordano, J O

    2018-05-23

    The objective of this study was to evaluate the economic performance of dairy cows managed with a voluntary waiting period (VWP) of 60 or 88 d. A secondary objective was estimating variation in cash flow under different input pricing scenarios through stochastic Monte Carlo simulations. Lactating Holstein cows from 3 commercial farms were blocked by parity group and total milk yield in their previous lactation and then randomly assigned to a VWP of 60 (VWP60; n = 1,352) or 88 d (VWP88; n = 1,359). All cows received timed-artificial insemination (TAI) for first service after synchronization of ovulation with the Double-Ovsynch protocol. For second and greater services, cows received artificial insemination (AI) after detection of estrus or the Ovsynch protocol initiated 32 ± 3 d after AI. Two analyses were performed: (1) cash flow per cow for the calving interval of the experimental lactation and (2) cash flow per slot occupied by each cow enrolled in the experiment for an 18-mo period after calving in the experimental lactation. Extending the VWP from 60 to 88 d delayed time to pregnancy during lactation (~20 d) and increased the risk of leaving the herd for multiparous cows (hazard ratio = 1.21). As a result, a smaller proportion of multiparous cows calved again and had a subsequent lactation (-6%). The shift in time to pregnancy combined with the herd exit dynamics resulted in longer lactation length for primiparous (22 d) but not multiparous cows. Longer lactations led to greater milk income over feed cost and a tendency for greater cash flow during the experimental lactation for primiparous but not multiparous cows in the VWP88 group. On the other hand, profitability per slot for the 18-mo period was numerically greater ($68 slot/18 mo) for primiparous cows but numerically reduced (-$85 slot/18 mo) for multiparous cows in the VWP88 treatment. For primiparous cows most of the difference in cash flow was explained by replacement cost, whereas for multiparous cows it was mostly explained by differences in replacement cost and income over feed cost. Under variable input pricing conditions generated through stochastic simulations, the longer VWP treatment always increased cash flow per 18 mo for primiparous and reduced cash flow for multiparous cows. In conclusion, extending the duration of the VWP from 60 to 88 d numerically increased profitability of primiparous cows and reduced profitability of multiparous cows. Such an effect depended mostly on the herd replacement dynamics and milk production efficiency. Copyright © 2018 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  17. Internal Users and Uses of Financial Statements within the Federal Government

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2012-06-01

    income statement, a statement of cash flows, and a statement of changes in stockholders’ equity. The uses and users of private-sector financial...financial reports to identify issues of risk and opportunities based upon 6 significant year-to-year changes, long term liabilities or cash position, or...for the first time (i.e., reconciling cash with the Treasury’s balance) and has constructed an effective audit response infrastructure “enabling the

  18. Making the business case for telemedicine: an interactive spreadsheet.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Palsbo, Susan E

    2006-04-01

    The objective of this study was to demonstrate the business case for telemedicine in nonrural areas. We developed an interactive spreadsheet to conduct multiple financial analyses under different capital investment, revenue, and expense scenarios. We applied the spreadsheet to the specific case of poststroke rehabilitation in urban settings. The setting involved outpatient clinics associated with a freestanding rehabilitation hospital in Oklahoma. Our baseline scenario used historical financial data from face-to-face encounters as the baseline for payer and volume mix. We assumed a cost of capital of 10% to finance the project. The outcome measures were financial breakeven points and internal rate of return. A total of 340 telemedicine visits will generate a positive net cash flow each year. The project is expected to recoup the initial investment by the fourth year, produce a positive present value dollar return of more than $2,000, and earn rate of return of 20%, which exceeds the hospital's cost of capital. The business case is demonstrated for this scenario. Urban telemedicine programs can be financially self-sustaining without accounting for reductions in travel time by providers or patients. Urban telemedicine programs can be a sound business investment and not depend on grants or subsidies for start-up funding. There are several key decision points that affect breakeven points and return on investment. The best business strategy is to approach the decision as whether or not to build a new clinic.

  19. Reading and understanding financial statements.

    PubMed

    White, Joseph P

    2005-01-01

    Feeling comfortable reading and understanding financial statements is critical to the success of healthcare executives and physicians involved in management. Businesses use three primary financial statements: a balance sheet represents the equation, Assets = Liabilities + Equity; an income statement represents the equation, Revenues - Expenses = Net Income; a statement of cash flows reports all sources and uses of cash during the represented period. The balance sheet expresses financial indicators at one particular moment in time, whereas the income statement and the statement of cash flows show activity that occurred over a stretch of time. Additional information is disclosed in attached footnotes and other supplementary materials. There are two ways to prepare financial statements. Cash-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is received and expenses when they are paid. Accrual-basis accounting recognizes revenue when it is earned and expenses when they are incurred. Although cash-basis is acceptable, periodically using the accrual method reveals important information about receivables and liabilities that could otherwise remain hidden. Become more engaged with your financial statements by spending time reading them, tracking key performance indicators, and asking accountants and financial advisors questions. This will help you better understand your business and build a successful future.

  20. Satellite servicing: A business opportunity?

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wong, R. E.; Medler, E. H.

    1984-01-01

    The possibilities of satellite servicing as a business opportunity are examined. The service rate which a user must be charged to yield a reasonable return is derived and then compared against the market's willingness to pay that rate. Steps taken to provide the basis from which the service rate could be derived include: (1) constructing a hypothetical on orbit servicing business offering both on orbit and associated ground services; (2) estimating the total on orbit service business potential by analyzing mission models to the year 2000; and (3) setting up ground rules to bound the conduct of the business. Using this basic information service demand (business volume) cost to set up the business, costs for operation and maintenance tax rates and desired rate of return are estimated to determine the user charge. Sensitivity of the service rate to various parameters are also assessed. The time span for the business venture runs from 1986 through 2000 with service to 1991 provided via the orbiter and by a space station beyond 1991. This point analysis shows about five years of negative cash flow, with steady profits thereafter.

  1. 26 CFR 1.861-10T - Special allocations of interest expense (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... certain assets that are acquired in integrated financial transaction. Paragraph (d) of this section... flow from the property. (ii) Self-constructed assets. The activities associated with self-construction... subtracting cash disbursements excluding debt service from cash receipts. (iv) Analysis of operating costs...

  2. 26 CFR 1.861-10T - Special allocations of interest expense (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-04-01

    ... generated by certain assets that are acquired in integrated financial transaction. Paragraph (d) of this... flow from the property. (ii) Self-constructed assets. The activities associated with self-construction... subtracting cash disbursements excluding debt service from cash receipts. (iv) Analysis of operating costs...

  3. 26 CFR 1.861-10T - Special allocations of interest expense (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... generated by certain assets that are acquired in integrated financial transaction. Paragraph (d) of this... flow from the property. (ii) Self-constructed assets. The activities associated with self-construction... subtracting cash disbursements excluding debt service from cash receipts. (iv) Analysis of operating costs...

  4. 26 CFR 1.861-10T - Special allocations of interest expense (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... generated by certain assets that are acquired in integrated financial transaction. Paragraph (d) of this... flow from the property. (ii) Self-constructed assets. The activities associated with self-construction... subtracting cash disbursements excluding debt service from cash receipts. (iv) Analysis of operating costs...

  5. 26 CFR 1.861-10T - Special allocations of interest expense (temporary).

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... generated by certain assets that are acquired in integrated financial transaction. Paragraph (d) of this... flow from the property. (ii) Self-constructed assets. The activities associated with self-construction... subtracting cash disbursements excluding debt service from cash receipts. (iv) Analysis of operating costs...

  6. Modeling of information flows in natural gas storage facility

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ranjbari, Leyla; Bahar, Arifah; Aziz, Zainal Abdul

    2013-09-01

    The paper considers the natural-gas storage valuation based on the information-based pricing framework of Brody-Hughston-Macrina (BHM). As opposed to many studies which the associated filtration is considered pre-specified, this work tries to construct the filtration in terms of the information provided to the market. The value of the storage is given by the sum of the discounted expectations of the cash flows under risk-neutral measure, conditional to the constructed filtration with the Brownian bridge noise term. In order to model the flow of information about the cash flows, we assume the existence of a fixed pricing kernel with liquid, homogenous and incomplete market without arbitrage.

  7. Arbitrage model for optimal capital transactions in petroleum reserves

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Ten Eyck, D.K.

    1986-01-01

    This dissertation provides a methodology for identifying price differentials in the market for petroleum reserves, enabling petroleum-producing firms to engage in a variation of classical arbitrage. This approach enables the petroleum-producing firm to evaluate and rank reserve-replacement projects from the three principal sources listed below in order to maximize the return on invested capital. The methodology is based on the discounted cash flow approach to valuation of the oil and gas reserves obtained (1) by exploration, (2) by direct purchase of reserves, and (3) by acquisition of an entire petroleum firm. The reserve-replacement projects are evaluated and ranked to determinemore » an optimal portfolio of reserve-replacement projects. Cost per barrel alone is shown to be ineffective as an evaluation tool because it may lead to economic decisions that do not maximize the value of the firm. When used with other economic decision criteria, cost per barrel is useful as a downside economic indicator by showing which projects will fare better under unfavorable price scenarios. Important factors affecting the valuation of an acquisition (in addition to the oil and gas reserves) are shown by this study to be purchase price, other assets including cash, future tax savings from operating losses carried forward, and liabilities, primarily long-term debt.« less

  8. Fiscal Reality After the 2008 Financial Crisis

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2010-03-24

    mortgages, the CDOs were one step removed from these cash flows . 9 Other financial instruments followed that were two or more steps removed from the...original source of the cash flows . Sophisticated math is also a key to creating credit default swaps (CDSs), a form of financial derivative. These...LIEUTENANT COLONEL STEVEN P. MARCH United States Army Reserve Se ni or S er vi ce C ol le ge F el lo w sh ip Ci vi lia n Re se ar ch P ro je

  9. Financing Nonappropriated Fund (NAF) Major Construction.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-03-09

    84-C-0488 UNCLASSIFIED F/G 12/3 -NL IIIIIIIIIIlIII IIIIIIIIEIIIIE EEEIIIIIEIIII EIIIIIIIIEEEEE lllllllEllEllI .M 7. -777 .77 "- 1.1. -P2 MICROCOP ...the compound interest equation. . Exhibit 4-1 shows an example of this type of cash flow. It can be noticed in the sample cash flow that there are two...I.R.R. method for the ranking of investment opportunities. M. G. Wright suggests an effective way to overcome this problem by compounding one of the

  10. Manage Your Cash for Success! A Guide for Beginning School Business Officials.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Johnson, Donald R.

    2000-01-01

    A cash-flow plan allows districts lead time for investing, borrowing, reducing or delaying expenditures, expanding revenue sources, informing the community, and avoiding surprises. Planners should identify type, timing, and amount of revenues and expenditures and then compare revenues and expenditures to determine (and accommodate) shortfalls or…

  11. Examining the link between cash flow, market value, and research and development investment spending in the medical device industry.

    PubMed

    Schmutz, Bryan P; Santerre, Rexford E

    2013-02-01

    Unlike the pharmaceutical industry, no empirical research has focused on the factors influencing research and development (R&D) spending in the medical device industry. To fill that gap, this study examines how R&D spending is influenced by prior year cash flow and corporate market value using multiple regression analysis and a panel data set of medical device companies over the period 1962-2008. The empirical findings suggest that the elasticities of R&D spending with respect to cash flow and corporate market value equal 0.58 and 0.31, respectively. Moreover, based upon these estimates, simulations show that the recently enacted excise tax on medical devices, taken alone, will reduce R&D spending by approximately $4 billion and thereby lead to a minimum loss of $20 billion worth of human life years over the first 10 years of its enactment. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  12. Cash efficiency for bank branches.

    PubMed

    Cabello, Julia García

    2013-01-01

    Bank liquidity management has become a major issue during the financial crisis as liquidity shortages have intensified and have put pressure on banks to diversity and improve their liquidity sources. While a significant strand of the literature concentrates on wholesale liquidity generation and on the alternative to deposit funding, the management of an inventory of cash holdings within the banks' branches is also a relevant issue as any significant improvement in cash management at the bank distribution channels may have a positive effect in reducing liquidity tensions. In this paper, we propose a simple programme of cash efficiency for the banks' branches, very easy to implement, which conform to a set of instructions to be imposed from the bank to their branches. This model proves to significantly reduce cash holdings at branches thereby providing efficiency improvements in liquidity management. The methodology we propose is based on the definition of some stochastic processes combined with renewal processes, which capture the random elements of the cash flow, before applying suitable optimization programmes to all the costs involved in cash movements. The classical issue of the Transaction Demand for the Cash and some aspects of Inventory Theory are also present. Mathematics Subject Classification (2000) C02, C60, E50.

  13. 12 CFR 551.40 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... AND CONFIRMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS § 551.40 What definitions apply to this part? Asset-backed security means a security that is primarily serviced by the cash flows of a discrete pool... cash within a finite time period. Asset-backed security includes any rights or other assets designed to...

  14. 12 CFR 551.40 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... AND CONFIRMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS § 551.40 What definitions apply to this part? Asset-backed security means a security that is primarily serviced by the cash flows of a discrete pool... cash within a finite time period. Asset-backed security includes any rights or other assets designed to...

  15. 12 CFR 551.40 - What definitions apply to this part?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... AND CONFIRMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR SECURITIES TRANSACTIONS § 551.40 What definitions apply to this part? Asset-backed security means a security that is primarily serviced by the cash flows of a discrete pool... cash within a finite time period. Asset-backed security includes any rights or other assets designed to...

  16. Radiology applications of financial accounting.

    PubMed

    Leibenhaut, Mark H

    2005-03-01

    A basic knowledge of financial accounting can help radiologists analyze business opportunities and examine the potential impacts of new technology or predict the adverse consequences of new competitors entering their service area. The income statement, balance sheet, and cash flow statement are the three basic financial statements that document the current financial position of the radiology practice and allow managers to monitor the ongoing financial operations of the enterprise. Pro forma, or hypothetical, financial statements can be generated to predict the financial impact of specific business decisions or investments on the profitability of the practice. Sensitivity analysis, or what-if scenarios, can be performed to determine the potential impact of changing key revenue, investment, operating cost or financial assumptions. By viewing radiology as both a profession and a business, radiologists can optimize their use of scarce economic resources and maximize the return on their financial investments.

  17. Forecasting overhaul or replacement intervals based on estimated system failure intensity

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gannon, James M.

    1994-12-01

    System reliability can be expressed in terms of the pattern of failure events over time. Assuming a nonhomogeneous Poisson process and Weibull intensity function for complex repairable system failures, the degree of system deterioration can be approximated. Maximum likelihood estimators (MLE's) for the system Rate of Occurrence of Failure (ROCOF) function are presented. Evaluating the integral of the ROCOF over annual usage intervals yields the expected number of annual system failures. By associating a cost of failure with the expected number of failures, budget and program policy decisions can be made based on expected future maintenance costs. Monte Carlo simulation is used to estimate the range and the distribution of the net present value and internal rate of return of alternative cash flows based on the distributions of the cost inputs and confidence intervals of the MLE's.

  18. Consumer-driven health plans: latest challenge to practices' cash flow.

    PubMed

    Hajny, Tom

    2007-01-01

    CDHPs are here to stay. Employers welcome CDHPs because they drive costs away from themselves and into the hands of both consumers and provides. The consumer will make medical purchase decisions tempered by personal economic considerations. The providers are left to figure it all out with the hope their cash flow, cost budgets, and customer service will not be negatively impacted. It will not be easy. Practices must become educated on how CDHPs work, become knowledgeable about specific HSA scenarios in their market, develop optimum processes and procedures, and train staff.

  19. The effect of financial incentives on chlamydia testing rates: Evidence from a randomized experiment☆

    PubMed Central

    Dolan, Paul; Rudisill, Caroline

    2014-01-01

    Financial incentives have been used in a variety of settings to motivate behaviors that might not otherwise be undertaken. They have been highlighted as particularly useful in settings that require a single behavior, such as appointment attendance or vaccination. They also have differential effects based on socioeconomic status in some applications (e.g. smoking). To further investigate these claims, we tested the effect of providing different types of non-cash financial incentives on the return rates of chlamydia specimen samples amongst 16–24 year-olds in England. In 2011 and 2012, we ran a two-stage randomized experiment involving 2988 young people (1489 in Round 1 and 1499 in Round 2) who requested a chlamydia screening kit from Freetest.me, an online and text screening service run by Preventx Limited. Participants were randomized to control, or one of five types of financial incentives in Round 1 or one of four financial incentives in Round 2. We tested the effect of five types of incentives on specimen sample return; reward vouchers of differing values, charity donation, participation in a lottery, choices between a lottery and a voucher and including vouchers of differing values in the test kit prior to specimen return. Financial incentives of any type, did not make a significant difference in the likelihood of specimen return. The more deprived individuals were, as calculated using Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the less likely they were to return a sample. The extent to which incentive structures influenced sample return was not moderated by IMD score. Non-cash financial incentives for chlamydia testing do not seem to affect the specimen return rate in a chlamydia screening program where test kits are requested online, mailed to requestors and returned by mail. They also do not appear more or less effective in influencing test return depending on deprivation level. PMID:24373390

  20. The effect of financial incentives on chlamydia testing rates: evidence from a randomized experiment.

    PubMed

    Dolan, Paul; Rudisill, Caroline

    2014-03-01

    Financial incentives have been used in a variety of settings to motivate behaviors that might not otherwise be undertaken. They have been highlighted as particularly useful in settings that require a single behavior, such as appointment attendance or vaccination. They also have differential effects based on socioeconomic status in some applications (e.g. smoking). To further investigate these claims, we tested the effect of providing different types of non-cash financial incentives on the return rates of chlamydia specimen samples amongst 16-24 year-olds in England. In 2011 and 2012, we ran a two-stage randomized experiment involving 2988 young people (1489 in Round 1 and 1499 in Round 2) who requested a chlamydia screening kit from Freetest.me, an online and text screening service run by Preventx Limited. Participants were randomized to control, or one of five types of financial incentives in Round 1 or one of four financial incentives in Round 2. We tested the effect of five types of incentives on specimen sample return; reward vouchers of differing values, charity donation, participation in a lottery, choices between a lottery and a voucher and including vouchers of differing values in the test kit prior to specimen return. Financial incentives of any type, did not make a significant difference in the likelihood of specimen return. The more deprived individuals were, as calculated using Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD), the less likely they were to return a sample. The extent to which incentive structures influenced sample return was not moderated by IMD score. Non-cash financial incentives for chlamydia testing do not seem to affect the specimen return rate in a chlamydia screening program where test kits are requested online, mailed to requestors and returned by mail. They also do not appear more or less effective in influencing test return depending on deprivation level. Copyright © 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.

  1. Understanding and improving the shelf life of tomatoes

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Shelf life of ripe tomato fruit is economically very important, from production to the marketing chain, since it determines the cash returns to the grower and the grocer/processor. Shelf life of horticultural edible produce, including tomato, is regulated through myriad physiological, biochemical an...

  2. 78 FR 62791 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; BATS Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2013-10-22

    ...) in a manner consistent with its investment objective in order to help manage cash flows in and out of... may hold a higher than normal proportion of its assets in cash in response to adverse market, economic.... government, its agencies or instrumentalities; or (iii) investments in repurchase agreements collateralized...

  3. An Experiment of Student Understanding of Accruals versus Cash Flows

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Miranda-Lopez, Jose Eduardo; Nichols, Linda M.

    2007-01-01

    The concepts of both accrual accounting and cash basis accounting need to be thoroughly understood by accounting graduates as they enter the workplace. In making decisions, both managers and investors often may need to make adjustments from one basis to the other. But do students really understand these concepts? This study uses an experimental…

  4. Accounting- versus economic-based rates of return: implications for profitability measures in the pharmaceutical industry.

    PubMed

    Skrepnek, Grant H

    2004-01-01

    Accounting-based profits have indicated that pharmaceutical firms have achieved greater returns relative to other sectors. However, partially due to the theoretically inappropriate reporting of research and development (R&D) expenditures according to generally accepted accounting principles, evidence suggests that a substantial and upward bias is present in accounting-based rates of return for corporations with high levels of intangible assets. Given the intensity of R&D in pharmaceutical firms, accounting-based profit metrics in the drug sector may be affected to a greater extent than other industries. The aim of this work was to address measurement issues associated with corporate performance and factors that contribute to the bias within accounting-based rates of return. Seminal and broadly cited works on the subject of accounting- versus economic-based rates of return were reviewed from the economic and finance literature, with an emphasis placed on issues and scientific evidence directly related to the drug development process and pharmaceutical industry. With international convergence and harmonization of accounting standards being imminent, stricter adherence to theoretically sound economic principles is advocated, particularly those based on discounted cash-flow methods. Researchers, financial analysts, and policy makers must be cognizant of the biases and limitations present within numerous corporate performance measures. Furthermore, the development of more robust and valid economic models of the pharmaceutical industry is required to capture the unique dimensions of risk and return of the drug development process. Empiric work has illustrated that estimates of economic-based rates of return range from approximately 2 to approximately 11 percentage points below various accounting-based rates of return for drug companies. Because differences in the nature of risk and uncertainty borne by drug manufacturers versus other sectors make comparative assessments of performance challenging and often inappropriate, continued work in this area is warranted.

  5. ABEL model: Evaluates corporations` claims of inability to afford penalties and compliance costs (version 3.0.16). Model-simulation

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    NONE

    1998-11-01

    The easy-to-use ABEL software evaluates for-profit company claims of inability to afford penalties, clean-up costs, or compliance costs. Violators raise the issue of inability to pay in most of EPA`s enforcement actions regardless of whether there is any hard evidence supporting those claims. The program enables Federal, State and local enforcement professionals to quickly determine if there was any validity to those claims. ABEL is a tool that promotes quick settlements by performing screening analyses of defendants and potentially responsible parties (PRP`s) to determine their financial capacity. After analyzing some basic financial ratios that reflect a company`s solvency, ABEL assessesmore » the firm`s ability to pay by focusing on projected cash flows. The model explicitly calculates the value of projected, internally generated cash flows from historical tax information, and compares these cash flows to the proposed environmental expenditure(s). The software is extremely easy to use. Version 3.0.16 updates the standard values for inflation and discount rate.« less

  6. Medical returns as class transformation: situating migrants' medical returns within a framework of transnationalism.

    PubMed

    Horton, Sarah B

    2013-01-01

    Because studies of migrants' 'medical returns' have been largely confined to the field of public health, such forms of return migration are rarely contextualized within the rich social scientific literature on transnational migration. Drawing on ethnographic interviews with Mexican migrants in an immigrant enclave in central California, I show that migrants' reasons for returning to their hometowns for care must be understood within the class disjunctures facilitated by migration. While migrants' Medicaid insurance confined them to public clinics and hospitals in the United States, their migrant dollars enabled them to visit private doctors and clinics in Mexico. Yet medical returns were not mere medical arbitrage, but also allowed migrants to access care that had previously been foreclosed to them as poor peasants in Mexico. Thus crossing the border enabled a dual class transformation, as Mexican migrants transitioned from Medicaid recipients to cash-paying patients, and from poor rural peasants to 'returning royalty.'

  7. Information-based models for finance and insurance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Hoyle, Edward

    2010-10-01

    In financial markets, the information that traders have about an asset is reflected in its price. The arrival of new information then leads to price changes. The `information-based framework' of Brody, Hughston and Macrina (BHM) isolates the emergence of information, and examines its role as a driver of price dynamics. This approach has led to the development of new models that capture a broad range of price behaviour. This thesis extends the work of BHM by introducing a wider class of processes for the generation of the market filtration. In the BHM framework, each asset is associated with a collection of random cash flows. The asset price is the sum of the discounted expectations of the cash flows. Expectations are taken with respect (i) an appropriate measure, and (ii) the filtration generated by a set of so-called information processes that carry noisy or imperfect market information about the cash flows. To model the flow of information, we introduce a class of processes termed Lévy random bridges (LRBs), generalising the Brownian and gamma information processes of BHM. Conditioned on its terminal value, an LRB is identical in law to a Lévy bridge. We consider in detail the case where the asset generates a single cash flow X_T at a fixed date T. The flow of information about X_T is modelled by an LRB with random terminal value X_T. An explicit expression for the price process is found by working out the discounted conditional expectation of X_T with respect to the natural filtration of the LRB. New models are constructed using information processes related to the Poisson process, the Cauchy process, the stable-1/2 subordinator, the variance-gamma process, and the normal inverse-Gaussian process. These are applied to the valuation of credit-risky bonds, vanilla and exotic options, and non-life insurance liabilities.

  8. In Comparison: Schools Cash in on E-Philanthropy.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gressel, Judy

    2000-01-01

    Describes online fundraising opportunities for schools that have arisen since the growth of e-commerce. Reviews and compares five key Web sites for online school fundraising; discusses online shopping sites, information architecture, marketing, tracking school earnings, average percentage returns, customer service, and value added services; and…

  9. 26 CFR 1.312-6 - Earnings and profits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (Continued) Effects on Corporation § 1.312-6 Earnings and profits. (a) In determining the... income tax returns under subchapter E, chapter 1 of the Code, on the cash receipts and disbursements...

  10. 26 CFR 1.312-6 - Earnings and profits.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-04-01

    ... Internal Revenue INTERNAL REVENUE SERVICE, DEPARTMENT OF THE TREASURY (CONTINUED) INCOME TAX (CONTINUED) INCOME TAXES (CONTINUED) Effects on Corporation § 1.312-6 Earnings and profits. (a) In determining the... income tax returns under subchapter E, chapter 1 of the Code, on the cash receipts and disbursements...

  11. Arm yourself for the coming battle over Social Security.

    PubMed

    Pozen, Robert C

    2002-11-01

    The U.S. Social Security system is in deep trouble--and that's not just bad news for your friends and family. It's also bad news for your company. Unless the Social Security system is changed, by 2017 the cash flowing out of it will exceed the cash coming in, and by 2041 the system will be utterly insolvent. But the trouble will start sooner than that: In the next decade, the very prospect of the rising deficit will mean serious pressure on recent tax cuts, higher long-term interest rates, increased pension-funding costs, and other punishing conditions for U.S. businesses. Clearly, there's a lot at stake for companies, which is why executives need to participate in the growing debate about Social Security reform, says Robert Pozen, a visiting professor at Harvard Law School who served on the President's Commission to Strengthen Social Security. In this article, he urges business leaders to take a stance on how the system should be reformed, suggesting they work with interest groups to make their voices heard. After taking a comprehensive look at the debates surrounding Social Security reform, Pozen outlines the three main alternatives executives might choose to support: increasing contributions to Social Security, decreasing the growth of benefits for more-affluent workers, and increasing investment returns on Social Security assets. What's needed to fix the current system, he contends, is a careful balance of all three.

  12. Realizing the financial benefits of capitation arbitrage.

    PubMed

    Sussman, A J; Fairchild, D G; Colling, M C; Brennan, T A

    1999-11-01

    By anticipating the arbitrage potential of cash flow under budgeted capitation, healthcare organizations can make the best use of cash flow as a revenue-generating resource. Factors that determine the magnitude of the benefits for providers and insurers include settlement interval, withhold amount, which party controls the withhold, and incurred-but-not-reported expenses. In choosing how to structure these factors in their contract negotiations, providers and insurers should carefully assess whether capitation surpluses or deficits can be expected from the provider. In both instances, the recipient and magnitude of capitation arbitrage benefits are dictated largely by the performance of the provider.

  13. CoalVal-A coal resource valuation program

    USGS Publications Warehouse

    Rohrbacher, Timothy J.; McIntosh, Gary E.

    2010-01-01

    CoalVal is a menu-driven Windows program that produces cost-of-mining analyses of mine-modeled coal resources. Geological modeling of the coal beds and some degree of mine planning, from basic prefeasibility to advanced, must already have been performed before this program can be used. United States Geological Survey mine planning is done from a very basic, prefeasibility standpoint, but the accuracy of CoalVal's output is a reflection of the accuracy of the data entered, both for mine costs and mine planning. The mining cost analysis is done by using mine cost models designed for the commonly employed, surface and underground mining methods utilized in the United States. CoalVal requires a Microsoft Windows? 98 or Windows? XP operating system and a minimum of 1 gigabyte of random access memory to perform operations. It will not operate on Microsoft Vista?, Windows? 7, or Macintosh? operating systems. The program will summarize the evaluation of an unlimited number of coal seams, haulage zones, tax entities, or other area delineations for a given coal property, coalfield, or basin. When the reader opens the CoalVal publication from the USGS website, options are provided to download the CoalVal publication manual and the CoalVal Program. The CoalVal report is divided into five specific areas relevant to the development and use of the CoalVal program: 1. Introduction to CoalVal Assumptions and Concepts. 2. Mine Model Assumption Details (appendix A). 3. CoalVal Project Tutorial (appendix B). 4. Program Description (appendix C). 5. Mine Model and Discounted Cash Flow Formulas (appendix D). The tutorial explains how to enter coal resource and quality data by mining method; program default values for production, operating, and cost variables; and ones own operating and cost variables into the program. Generated summary reports list the volume of resource in short tons available for mining, recoverable short tons by mining method; the seam or property being mined; operating cost per ton; and discounted cash flow cost per ton to mine and process the resources. Costs are calculated as loaded in a unit train, free-on-board the tipple, at a rate of return prescribed by the evaluator. The recoverable resources (in short tons) may be grouped by incremental cost over any range chosen by the user. For example, in the Gillette coalfield evaluation, the discounted cash flow mining cost (at an 8 percent rate of return) and its associated tonnage may be grouped by any applicable increment (for example, $0.10 per ton, $0.20 per ton, and so on) and using any dollar per ton range that is desired (for example, from $4.00 per ton to $15.00 per ton). This grouping ability allows the user to separate the coal reserves from the nonreserve resources and to construct cost curves to determine the effects of coal market fluctuations on the availability of coal for fuel whether for the generation of electricity or for coal-to-liquids processes. Coking coals are not addressed in this report.

  14. Cash transportation vehicle routing and scheduling under stochastic travel times

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yan, Shangyao; Wang, Sin-Siang; Chang, Yu-Hsuan

    2014-03-01

    Stochastic disturbances occurring in real-world operations could have a significant influence on the planned routing and scheduling results of cash transportation vehicles. In this study, a time-space network flow technique is utilized to construct a cash transportation vehicle routing and scheduling model incorporating stochastic travel times. In addition, to help security carriers to formulate more flexible routes and schedules, a concept of the similarity of time and space for vehicle routing and scheduling is incorporated into the model. The test results show that the model could be useful for security carriers in actual practice.

  15. 77 FR 8318 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; Chicago Mercantile Exchange, Inc.; Notice of Filing and Order...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-02-14

    ... used for FX forwards with cash mark-to-market where the value is flipped from the contra currency to...-only OTC foreign currency (``FX'') product offering. The proposed rule changes \\3\\ would add Price... become part of the total banked cash flow for the currency in which they are denominated. It is a very...

  16. 26 CFR 1.446-1 - General rule for methods of accounting.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... also the accounting treatment of any item. Examples of such over-all methods are the cash receipts and... special items include the accounting treatment prescribed for research and experimental expenditures, soil... books of account and on his return, as for example, a reconciliation of any differences between such...

  17. 27 CFR 11.35 - Termination of business.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-04-01

    ... 27 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms 1 2012-04-01 2012-04-01 false Termination of business. 11.35 Section 11.35 Alcohol, Tobacco Products and Firearms ALCOHOL AND TOBACCO TAX AND TRADE BUREAU... business. Products on hand at the time a trade buyer terminates operations may be returned for cash or...

  18. The Financial Benefits of Various Catastrophic Failure Prevention Strategies in a Wind Farm: Two market studies (UK-Spain)

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Yürüşen, N. Y.; Tautz-Weinert, J.; Watson, S. J.; Melero, J. J.

    2017-11-01

    Operation of wind farms is driven by the overall aim of minimising costs while maximising energy sales. However, in certain circumstances investments are required to guarantee safe operation and survival of an asset. In this paper, we discuss the merits of various catastrophic failure prevention strategies in a Spanish wind farm. The wind farm operator was required to replace blades in two phases: temporary and final repair. We analyse the power performance of the turbine in the different states and investigate four scenarios with different timing of temporary and final repair during one year. The financial consequences of the scenarios are compared with a baseline by using a discounted cash flow analysis that considers the wholesale electricity market selling prices and interest rates. A comparison with the UK electricity market is conducted to highlight differences in the rate of return in the two countries.

  19. Economics of hydrogen production and liquefaction updated to 1980

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Baker, C. R.

    1979-01-01

    Revised costs for generating and liquefying hydrogen in mid-1980 are presented. Plant investments were treated as straight-forward escalations resulting from inflation. Operating costs, however, were derived in terms of the unit cost of coal, fuel gas and electrical energy to permit the determination of the influence of these parameters on the cost of liquid hydrogen. Inflationary influence was recognized by requiring a 15% discounted rate of return on investment for Discounted Cash Flow financing analysis, up from 12% previously. Utility financing was revised to require an 11% interest rate on debt. The scope of operation of the hydrogen plant was revised from previous studies to include only the hydrogen generation and liquefaction facilities. On-site fuel gas and power generation, originally a part of the plant complex, was eliminated. Fuel gas and power are now treated as purchased utilities. Costs for on-site generation of fuel gas however, are included.

  20. Stock price analysis of sustainable foreign investment companies in Indonesia

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Fachrudin, Khaira Amalia

    2018-03-01

    The stock price is determined by demand and supply in the stock market. Stock price reacts to information. Sustainable investment is an investment that considers environmental sustainability and human rights. This study aims to predict the probability of above average stock price by including the sustainability index as one of its variables. The population is all foreign investment companies in Indonesia. The target population is companies that distribute dividends – also as a sample. The analysis tool is a logistic regression. At 5% alpha, it was found that sustainability index did not have the probability to increase stock price average. The significant effects are free cash flow and cost of debt. However, sustainability index can increase the Negelkarke R square. The implication is that the awareness of sustainability is still necesary to be improved because from the research result it can be seen that investors only consider the risk and return.

  1. Valuation of Indonesian catastrophic earthquake bonds with generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Gunardi, Setiawan, Ezra Putranda

    2015-12-01

    Indonesia is a country with high risk of earthquake, because of its position in the border of earth's tectonic plate. An earthquake could raise very high amount of damage, loss, and other economic impacts. So, Indonesia needs a mechanism for transferring the risk of earthquake from the government or the (reinsurance) company, as it could collect enough money for implementing the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. One of the mechanisms is by issuing catastrophe bond, `act-of-God bond', or simply CAT bond. A catastrophe bond issued by a special-purpose-vehicle (SPV) company, and then sold to the investor. The revenue from this transaction is joined with the money (premium) from the sponsor company and then invested in other product. If a catastrophe happened before the time-of-maturity, cash flow from the SPV to the investor will discounted or stopped, and the cash flow is paid to the sponsor company to compensate their loss because of this catastrophe event. When we consider the earthquake only, the amount of discounted cash flow could determine based on the earthquake's magnitude. A case study with Indonesian earthquake magnitude data show that the probability of maximum magnitude can model by generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. In pricing this catastrophe bond, we assumed stochastic interest rate that following the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model. We develop formulas for pricing three types of catastrophe bond, namely zero coupon bonds, `coupon only at risk' bond, and `principal and coupon at risk' bond. Relationship between price of the catastrophe bond and CIR model's parameter, GEV's parameter, percentage of coupon, and discounted cash flow rule then explained via Monte Carlo simulation.

  2. Valuation of Indonesian catastrophic earthquake bonds with generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution and Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Gunardi,; Setiawan, Ezra Putranda

    Indonesia is a country with high risk of earthquake, because of its position in the border of earth’s tectonic plate. An earthquake could raise very high amount of damage, loss, and other economic impacts. So, Indonesia needs a mechanism for transferring the risk of earthquake from the government or the (reinsurance) company, as it could collect enough money for implementing the rehabilitation and reconstruction program. One of the mechanisms is by issuing catastrophe bond, ‘act-of-God bond’, or simply CAT bond. A catastrophe bond issued by a special-purpose-vehicle (SPV) company, and then sold to the investor. The revenue from this transactionmore » is joined with the money (premium) from the sponsor company and then invested in other product. If a catastrophe happened before the time-of-maturity, cash flow from the SPV to the investor will discounted or stopped, and the cash flow is paid to the sponsor company to compensate their loss because of this catastrophe event. When we consider the earthquake only, the amount of discounted cash flow could determine based on the earthquake’s magnitude. A case study with Indonesian earthquake magnitude data show that the probability of maximum magnitude can model by generalized extreme value (GEV) distribution. In pricing this catastrophe bond, we assumed stochastic interest rate that following the Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) interest rate model. We develop formulas for pricing three types of catastrophe bond, namely zero coupon bonds, ‘coupon only at risk’ bond, and ‘principal and coupon at risk’ bond. Relationship between price of the catastrophe bond and CIR model’s parameter, GEV’s parameter, percentage of coupon, and discounted cash flow rule then explained via Monte Carlo simulation.« less

  3. The fallacy of financial heuristics.

    PubMed

    Langabeer, James

    2007-01-01

    In turbulent times, the financial policies and decisions about cash and debt make or break hospitals' financial condition. Decisions about whether to continue saving cash or reduce debt burdens are probably the most vital policy decision for the hospital CFO. Unfortunately, my research shows that most administrators are relying on judgment, or best-guess heuristics to address these policy issues. This article explores one of the most common heuristics in health finance-ratios gauging debt and cash on hand. The subject is explored through the research and analysis of over 40 hospitals in a very competitive marketplace-the boroughs of New York City. Analyses of financial strength, through various statistical models, were conducted to explore the linkages between traditional heuristics and long-term economic results. Data were collected for 30 operational and financial indicators. Findings suggest that organizations require different cash-debt positions based on their overall financial health, and that a one-number heuristic does not fit all. Extremely financially constrained hospitals (those approaching bankruptcy conditions) should be building free cash flow and minimizing debt service, while financially secure hospitals need to minimize cash on hand while reducing debt. If all hospitals continue to try to meet an arbitrary days of cash heuristic, this simplification could cripple an organization. A much more effective metric requires each organization to model decisions more comprehensively.

  4. Soft currencies, cash economies, new monies: Past and present

    PubMed Central

    Guyer, Jane I.

    2012-01-01

    Current variation in the forms of money challenges economic anthropologists and historians to review theory and comparative findings on multiple currency systems. There are four main sections to the paper devoted to (i) the present continuum of hard to soft currencies as an instance of multiplicity, including discussion of different combinations of the classic four functions of money, especially the relationship between store of value and medium of exchange; (ii) the logic of anthropological inquiry into multiple currency economies; (iii) the case of the monies of Atlantic Africa, applying the analytics of exchange rates as conversions to African transactions; and (iv) the return to economic life in a present day Nigerian economy lived in soft currency and cash. The paper identifies five findings that suggest foci for future research. (i) The widespread occurrence of conversions, which bring together ranking principles within transactions. (ii) Several types of positional ranking ranging from simple stepwise ordinal scales to iconic ordinality that creates a parabolic curve of value. (iii) Fictional units of account that serve to mediate both the memorization of nonreductive transactions and their nature as conversions. (iv) The importance of the temporal reach of what constitutes wealth: over the short run, the life span, intergenerational succession, and in (legal) perpetuity (as for corporate and sovereign debts and specified assets). (v) The social niches in which these qualities are brought together in transactional regimes. In conclusion, the paper returns to the exchange function of cash, soft currencies, and new money forms. PMID:22308423

  5. Financial options methodology for analyzing investments in new technology

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Wenning, B.D.

    1994-12-31

    The evaluation of investments in longer term research and development in emerging technologies, because of the nature of such subjects, must address inherent uncertainties. Most notably, future cash flow forecasts include substantial uncertainties. Conventional present value methodology, when applied to emerging technologies severely penalizes cash flow forecasts, and strategic investment opportunities are at risk of being neglected. Use of options valuation methodology adapted from the financial arena has been introduced as having applicability in such technology evaluations. Indeed, characteristics of superconducting magnetic energy storage technology suggest that it is a candidate for the use of options methodology when investment decisionsmore » are being contemplated.« less

  6. Financial options methodology for analyzing investments in new technology

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Wenning, B. D.

    1995-01-01

    The evaluation of investments in longer term research and development in emerging technologies, because of the nature of such subjects, must address inherent uncertainties. Most notably, future cash flow forecasts include substantial uncertainties. Conventional present value methodology, when applied to emerging technologies severely penalizes cash flow forecasts, and strategic investment opportunities are at risk of being neglected. Use of options evaluation methodology adapted from the financial arena has been introduced as having applicability in such technology evaluations. Indeed, characteristics of superconducting magnetic energy storage technology suggest that it is a candidate for the use of options methodology when investment decisions are being contemplated.

  7. They're Off!

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Toner, Mark

    2005-01-01

    For the past half-century, a racetrack outside San Diego has recruited educators for jobs during the summer break. But earning extra cash is not the only reason these seasonal employees return every year. Del Mar in San Diego, which was opened in 1937 after being bankrolled, in part by Bing Crosby, remains among the best-attended tracks in the…

  8. The Implications of Bank-Issued Check Surveys for Evaluators: A Case Study

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Blair, Jason; Taylor, Ted K.; Johnson-Shelton, Deborah

    2007-01-01

    This article describes an innovative data collection procedure. A subsample (n = 164) of a longitudinal research project was assessed using a bank-issued check survey procedure (a removable bank check on which response fields were printed). Using the new procedure, parents returned their surveys simply by depositing or cashing their incentive…

  9. Firm efficiency and returns-to-scale in the honey bee pollination services industry

    USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

    Honeybees are well-known for producing honey, but they also provide critical ecosystem services through pollination (Goulson, 2003; Potts et al., 2010; Ványi et al., 2012). This pollination service is vital to the production of many cash crops, on which the U.S. agricultural sector depends (Aizen an...

  10. 77 FR 55488 - Agency Information Collection Activities: Designation of Attorney in Fact

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-09-10

    ..., Office of Management and Budget. Comments should be addressed to OMB Desk Officer, for United States... obligor's behalf, the return of cash or United States bonds or notes deposited to secure an immigration...-5705. Dated: June 13, 2012. Rich Mattison, Chief, Records Management, U.S. Immigration and Customs...

  11. Protect Yourself! How To Minimize Your Risk of an IRS Audit.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Lukaszewski, Thomas; Moser, Barbara

    1998-01-01

    Shows how to minimize risk of an IRS audit and how to avoid traps caused by improper documentation and reporting requirements. Outlines the most likely audit areas for business tax returns. These include cash business; for sole proprietors, Schedule C; S and C corporation salary issues; shareholder loans; contractors versus employees; fringe…

  12. A generalized network flow model for the multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Chen, Miawjane; Yan, Shangyao; Wang, Sin-Siang; Liu, Chiu-Lan

    2015-02-01

    An effective project schedule is essential for enterprises to increase their efficiency of project execution, to maximize profit, and to minimize wastage of resources. Heuristic algorithms have been developed to efficiently solve the complicated multi-mode resource-constrained project scheduling problem with discounted cash flows (MRCPSPDCF) that characterize real problems. However, the solutions obtained in past studies have been approximate and are difficult to evaluate in terms of optimality. In this study, a generalized network flow model, embedded in a time-precedence network, is proposed to formulate the MRCPSPDCF with the payment at activity completion times. Mathematically, the model is formulated as an integer network flow problem with side constraints, which can be efficiently solved for optimality, using existing mathematical programming software. To evaluate the model performance, numerical tests are performed. The test results indicate that the model could be a useful planning tool for project scheduling in the real world.

  13. Cash transfer program and education investment: A model for social evolution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schimit, P. H. T.; Monteiro, L. H. A.; Omar, N.

    2014-03-01

    Assume that the households of a country are socially classified according to the monthly total income, and that they can be part of a lower, a middle or an upper class. By using multi-agent systems, here we model and simulate the economic evolution of households which earn a wage, pay taxes and invest in education. The return of the education investment is monthly added to the salary of the family, and it is function of the corresponding grand total put in education along the time. When a family is unemployed, we consider that it receives cash due to a social program made by the government. The time evolution of the percentages of households belonging to each class is investigated by varying the government investment in such a program of cash transfer and the proportion of employed households in the population. We show that the government should invest in the unemployed lower class if it intends a growth of the middle class. We also propose and analyze a mean-field approximation written in terms of ordinary differential equations. In addition, we verify that our model fits real data from Brazil, in the period between 2003 (when the cash transfer program Bolsa Família was launched) and 2011.

  14. The short-term impacts of a schooling conditional cash transfer program on the sexual behavior of young women.

    PubMed

    Baird, Sarah; Chirwa, Ephraim; McIntosh, Craig; Ozler, Berk

    2010-09-01

    Recent evidence suggests that conditional cash transfer (CCT) programs for schooling are effective in raising school enrollment and attendance. However, there is also reason to believe that such programs can affect other outcomes, such as the sexual behavior of their young beneficiaries. Zomba Cash Transfer Program is a randomized ongoing CCT intervention targeting young women in Malawi that provides incentives (in the form of school fees and cash transfers) to current schoolgirls and recent dropouts to stay in or return to school. An average offer of US$10/month conditional on satisfactory school attendance - plus direct payment of secondary school fees - led to significant declines in early marriage, teenage pregnancy, and self-reported sexual activity among program beneficiaries after just one year of program implementation. For program beneficiaries who were out of school at baseline, the probability of getting married and becoming pregnant declined by more than 40 and 30%, respectively. In addition, the incidence of the onset of sexual activity was 38% lower among all program beneficiaries than the control group. Overall, these results suggest that CCT programs not only serve as useful tools for improving school attendance but may also reduce sexual activity, teen pregnancy, and early marriage. (c) 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

  15. Optimal portfolio selection in a Lévy market with uncontrolled cash flow and only risky assets

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Zeng, Yan; Li, Zhongfei; Wu, Huiling

    2013-03-01

    This article considers an investor who has an exogenous cash flow evolving according to a Lévy process and invests in a financial market consisting of only risky assets, whose prices are governed by exponential Lévy processes. Two continuous-time portfolio selection problems are studied for the investor. One is a benchmark problem, and the other is a mean-variance problem. The first problem is solved by adopting the stochastic dynamic programming approach, and the obtained results are extended to the second problem by employing the duality theory. Closed-form solutions of these two problems are derived. Some existing results are found to be special cases of our results.

  16. Impacts of Hospital Budget Limits in Rochester, New York

    PubMed Central

    Friedman, Bernard; Wong, Herbert S.

    1995-01-01

    During 1980-87, eight hospitals in the Rochester, New York area participated in an experimental program to limit total revenue. This article analyzes: increase of costs for Rochester hospitals; trends for inputs and compensation; and cash flow margins. Real expense per case grew annually by about 3 percent less in Rochester. However, after 1984, Medicare prospective payment had an effect of similar size outside Rochester. Some capital inputs to hospital care were restrained, as were wages and particularly benefits. The program did not generally raise or stabilize hospital revenue margins, while the ratio of cash flow to debt trended down. Financial stringency of this program relative to alternatives may have contributed to its end. PMID:10151889

  17. Impacts of hospital budget limits in Rochester, New York.

    PubMed

    Friedman, B; Wong, H S

    1995-01-01

    During 1980-87, eight hospitals in the Rochester, New York area participated in an experimental program to limit total revenue. This article analyzes: increase of costs for Rochester hospitals; trends for inputs and compensation; and cash flow margins. Real expense per case grew annually by about 3 percent less in Rochester. However, after 1984, Medicare prospective payment had an effect of similar size outside Rochester. Some capital inputs to hospital care were restrained, as were wages and particularly benefits. The program did not generally raise or stabilize hospital revenue margins, while the ratio of cash flow to debt trended down. Financial stringency of this program relative to alternatives may have contributed to its end.

  18. Changing from subsistence to cash cropping. Sakaramma's story.

    PubMed

    Rajamma, G

    1993-10-01

    In India, conversion of land to cash-crop rather than subsistence production has effected the standard of living of rural women. Food security, which used to be attained by supplementing home-grown produce with income from agricultural labor, is now achieved with funds raised by selling cash crops. The quality of food purchased is often inferior to that formerly raised on homesteads. Greater quantities of a wider variety of food were consumed under the old system, and the quality of the food was assured. Cash is now a daily necessity, yet the supply of cash depends upon fluctuating markets beyond local control. Cash income can increase without any increase in real income, and purchases of necessary fertilizers are financed by loans with high rates of interest. Women have no control over how the increased income from cash is spent, and it is often dedicated to debt clearance, alcohol, and household items rather than food. In the past, women agricultural workers were paid in kind and received the same compensation that men received. When payments were converted to cash, women received less. Women's work has increased because they must gather fuel and fodder for the cattle after working in their own and others' fields. Formerly these raw materials were readily available from the residue of traditional crops. It is clear that traditional farming is more advantageous for small farmers than cash-cropping, but more and more small farmers are yielding to government propaganda and adopting the new system. Women are never consulted about such a switch, yet they suffer most from the loss of the flow of their nonmonetary resources into their households.

  19. An ex ante analysis on the use of activity meters for automated estrus detection: to invest or not to invest?

    PubMed

    Rutten, C J; Steeneveld, W; Inchaisri, C; Hogeveen, H

    2014-11-01

    The technical performance of activity meters for automated detection of estrus in dairy farming has been studied, and such meters are already used in practice. However, information on the economic consequences of using activity meters is lacking. The current study analyzes the economic benefits of a sensor system for detection of estrus and appraises the feasibility of an investment in such a system. A stochastic dynamic simulation model was used to simulate reproductive performance of a dairy herd. The number of cow places in this herd was fixed at 130. The model started with 130 randomly drawn cows (in a Monte Carlo process) and simulated calvings and replacement of these cows in subsequent years. Default herd characteristics were a conception rate of 50%, an 8-wk dry-off period, and an average milk production level of 8,310 kg per cow per 305 d. Model inputs were derived from real farm data and expertise. For the analysis, visual detection by the farmer ("without" situation) was compared with automated detection with activity meters ("with" situation). For visual estrus detection, an estrus detection rate of 50% and a specificity of 100% were assumed. For automated estrus detection, an estrus detection rate of 80% and a specificity of 95% were assumed. The results of the cow simulation model were used to estimate the difference between the annual net cash flows in the "with" and "without" situations (marginal financial effect) and the internal rate of return (IRR) as profitability indicators. The use of activity meters led to improved estrus detection and, therefore, to a decrease in the average calving interval and subsequent increase in annual milk production. For visual estrus detection, the average calving interval was 419 d and average annual milk production was 1,032,278 kg. For activity meters, the average calving interval was 403 d and the average annual milk production was 1,043,398 kg. It was estimated that the initial investment in activity meters would cost €17,728 for a herd of 130 cows, with an additional cost of €90 per year for the replacement of malfunctioning activity meters. Changes in annual net cash flows arising from using an activity meter included extra revenues from increased milk production and number of calves sold, increased costs from more inseminations, calvings, and feed consumption, and reduced costs from fewer culled cows and less labor for estrus detection. These changes in cash flows were caused mainly by changes in the technical results of the simulated dairy herds, which arose from differences in the estrus detection rate and specificity between the "with" and "without" situations. The average marginal financial effect in the "with" and "without" situations was €2,827 for the baseline scenario, with an average IRR of 11%. The IRR is a measure of the return on invested capital. Investment in activity meters was generally profitable. The most influential assumptions on the profitability of this investment were the assumed culling rules and the increase in sensitivity of estrus detection between the "without" and the "with" situation. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Both Sides of the Story--Buying and Selling; Business Education: 7705.21.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Luksa, Cecelia

    Offering a study of records that deal with buying and selling at retail and wholesale levels, the course includes invoices, statements, charge sales, cash sales, sales taxes, and returns. Prerequisite skills include the objectives of Welcome to Recordkeeping and Money Records, and a pretest to aid in student placement is offered. Performance…

  1. 24 CFR 248.157 - Voluntary sale of housing not in excess of Federal cost limit.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... costs; (5) Receive a distribution equal to an 8 percent annual return on any actual cash investment made... by a priority purchaser seeking to make an offer during either 6-month priority purchaser marketing...-based nonprofit and the offer is submitted within the marketing period established in paragraph (c)(1...

  2. Disability, Work and Cash Benefits.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Mashaw, Jerry L., Ed.; And Others

    This book contains 13 papers from a workshop convened to explore the causes of work disability and the types of interventions that might enable individuals to remain at work, return to work, or enter the work force for the first time, despite having chronic health conditions or impairments. Following an overview of the papers by editors Jerry L.…

  3. 76 FR 55956 - Self-Regulatory Organizations; NYSE Arca, Inc.; Notice of Filing of Proposed Rule Change To List...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-09

    ... Commentary .02(b)(4) to NYSE Arca Equities Rule 8.200, means any combination of investments, including cash... investment objective of USMI is for the daily changes in percentage terms of its Units' net asset value... Fundamentals of Commodity Futures Returns,'' Gorton, Rouwenhorst and Hayashi (September 2008), Yale...

  4. 77 FR 73675 - Notice of Lodging of Proposed Consent Decree Under the Comprehensive Environmental Response...

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2012-12-11

    ... recover past response costs incurred and other relief in connection with the B.F. Goodrich Superfund Site....25 million toward the settlement funds, as well as to participate in funding certain cost overruns... $9.95 million in cash contributions to the settlement funds. In return, the United States provides...

  5. The new energy management policy: Indonesian PSC-gross-split applied on steam flooding project

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Irham, S.; Julyus, P.

    2018-01-01

    “SIPY” oil field has been producing oil using steam flooding technology since 1992 under the PSC-Cost-Recovery policy. In 2021, the contract will be finished, and a new agreement must be submitted to the Indonesian government. There are two applied fiscal policies on oil and gas management: PSC-Cost-Recovery and PSC-Gross-Split (introduced in 2017 as the new energy management plan). The contractor must choose between PSC-Cost-Recovery and PSC-Gross-split which makes more profit. The aim of this research is to determine the best oil and gas contract policy for the contractor. The methods are calculating contractor cash flow and comparing the Profitability Indexes. The results of this study are (1) Net Present Values for the PSC-Cost-Recovery and the PSC-Gross-Split are 15 MMUS and 61 MMUS, respectively; and (2) Internal Rate of Return values for the PSC-Cost-Recovery and PSC-Gross-Split are 10% and 11%, respectively. The conclusion is that the Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return of PSC-Gross-Split are greater than those of PSC-Cost-Recovery, but in Pay Out Time of PSC-Gross-split is longer than Pay Out Time in PSC-Cost-Recovery. Thus, the new energy management policy will be more attractive than PSC-Cost-Recovery.

  6. Trend analysis of key solvency ratios for health plans in Medicaid managed care.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J

    2013-01-01

    The focus of this article is to assess the solvency of health plans that manage Medicaid members across key plan traits, specifically Medicaid dominant or plans with more than 75 percent Medicaid members, and plans owned by publicly traded companies, and sponsored by health care providers. The study accessed National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) financial data and computed key solvency ratios for 117 Medicaid health plans over a five-year time trend from 2007 to 2011. A mean test compared the mean values for each year and for the entire study period on risk-based capital (RBC), cash-flow margin and debt to total capital ratios across these plan traits. For all years except 2008 Medicaid dominant plans had a lower RBC ratio for all four out of five years. Cash-flow margin ratio for Medicaid dominant plans was only lower in 2011 than non-Medicaid dominant plans. From 2007 to 2010, debt to total capital was higher for plans owned by publicly traded companies than non-publicly traded companies. Given the potential for an expanding Medicaid market, Medicaid health plans have reduced their risk of insolvency by increasing the RBC over time and reducing their debt capital. However between 2010 and 2011 cash-flow margin ratio decreased by almost 180 basis points for Medicaid dominant plans.

  7. Return on investment for vendor computerized physician order entry in four community hospitals: the importance of decision support.

    PubMed

    Zimlichman, Eyal; Keohane, Carol; Franz, Calvin; Everett, Wendy L; Seger, Diane L; Yoon, Catherine; Leung, Alexander A; Cadet, Bismarck; Coffey, Michael; Kaufman, Nathan E; Bates, David W

    2013-07-01

    In-hospital adverse events are a major cause of morbidity and mortality and represent a major cost burden to health care systems. A study was conducted to evaluate the return on investment (ROI) for the adoption of vendor-developed computerized physician oder entry (CPOE) systems in four community hospitals in Massachusetts. Of the four hospitals, two were under one management structure and implemented the same vendor-developed CPOE system (Hospital Group A), while the other two were under a second management structure and implemented another vendor-developed CPOE system (Hospital Group B). Cost savings were calculated on the basis of reduction in preventable adverse drug event (ADE) rates as measured previously. ROI, net cash flow, and the breakeven point during a 10-year cost-and-benefit model were calculated. At the time of the study, none of the participating hospitals had implemented more than a rudimentary decision support system together with CPOE. Implementation costs were lower for Hospital Group A than B ($7,130,894 total or $83/admission versus $19,293,379 total or $113/admission, respectively), as were preventable ADE-related avoided costs ($7,937,651 and $16,557,056, respectively). A cost-benefit analysis demonstrated that Hospital Group A had an ROI of 11.3%, breaking even on the investment eight years following implementation. Hospital Group B showed a negative return, with an ROI of -3.1%. Adoption of vendor CPOE systems in community hospitals was associated with a modest ROI at best when applying cost savings attributable to prevention of ADEs only. The modest financial returns can beattributed to the lack of clinical decision support tools.

  8. Effects of dry period length on production, cash flows and greenhouse gas emissions of the dairy herd: A dynamic stochastic simulation model

    PubMed Central

    van Middelaar, Corina E.; Mostert, Pim F.; van Knegsel, Ariëtte T. M.; Kemp, Bas; de Boer, Imke J. M.; Hogeveen, Henk

    2017-01-01

    Shortening or omitting the dry period of dairy cows improves metabolic health in early lactation and reduces management transitions for dairy cows. The success of implementation of these strategies depends on their impact on milk yield and farm profitability. Insight in these impacts is valuable for informed decision-making by farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate how shortening or omitting the dry period of dairy cows affects production and cash flows at the herd level, and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of milk, using a dynamic stochastic simulation model. The effects of dry period length on milk yield and calving interval assumed in this model were derived from actual performance of commercial dairy cows over multiple lactations. The model simulated lactations, and calving and culling events of individual cows for herds of 100 cows. Herds were simulated for 5 years with a dry period of 56 (conventional), 28 or 0 days (n = 50 herds each). Partial cash flows were computed from revenues from sold milk, calves, and culled cows, and costs from feed and rearing youngstock. Greenhouse gas emissions were computed using a life cycle approach. A dry period of 28 days reduced milk production of the herd by 3.0% in years 2 through 5, compared with a dry period of 56 days. A dry period of 0 days reduced milk production by 3.5% in years 3 through 5, after a dip in milk production of 6.9% in year 2. On average, dry periods of 28 and 0 days reduced partial cash flows by €1,249 and €1,632 per herd per year, and increased greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Considering the potential for enhancing cow welfare, these negative impacts of shortening or omitting the dry period seem justifiable, and they might even be offset by improved health. PMID:29077739

  9. Effects of dry period length on production, cash flows and greenhouse gas emissions of the dairy herd: A dynamic stochastic simulation model.

    PubMed

    Kok, Akke; van Middelaar, Corina E; Mostert, Pim F; van Knegsel, Ariëtte T M; Kemp, Bas; de Boer, Imke J M; Hogeveen, Henk

    2017-01-01

    Shortening or omitting the dry period of dairy cows improves metabolic health in early lactation and reduces management transitions for dairy cows. The success of implementation of these strategies depends on their impact on milk yield and farm profitability. Insight in these impacts is valuable for informed decision-making by farmers. The aim of this study was to investigate how shortening or omitting the dry period of dairy cows affects production and cash flows at the herd level, and greenhouse gas emissions per unit of milk, using a dynamic stochastic simulation model. The effects of dry period length on milk yield and calving interval assumed in this model were derived from actual performance of commercial dairy cows over multiple lactations. The model simulated lactations, and calving and culling events of individual cows for herds of 100 cows. Herds were simulated for 5 years with a dry period of 56 (conventional), 28 or 0 days (n = 50 herds each). Partial cash flows were computed from revenues from sold milk, calves, and culled cows, and costs from feed and rearing youngstock. Greenhouse gas emissions were computed using a life cycle approach. A dry period of 28 days reduced milk production of the herd by 3.0% in years 2 through 5, compared with a dry period of 56 days. A dry period of 0 days reduced milk production by 3.5% in years 3 through 5, after a dip in milk production of 6.9% in year 2. On average, dry periods of 28 and 0 days reduced partial cash flows by €1,249 and €1,632 per herd per year, and increased greenhouse gas emissions by 0.7% and 0.5%, respectively. Considering the potential for enhancing cow welfare, these negative impacts of shortening or omitting the dry period seem justifiable, and they might even be offset by improved health.

  10. Financing maneuvers. Two opportunities to boost a hospital's working capital.

    PubMed

    Ferconio, S; Lane, M R

    1991-10-01

    Two receivables financing approaches, factoring and asset-backed securitization, offer an initial cash flow boost and a predictable source for continual cash flow. In a typical receivables factoring program, a healthcare organization receives advance funding from its receivables and reduces collection and follow-up efforts required of its staff. In exchange, the organization: Sells receivables at a discount between 5 percent and 10 percent off face value; and Pays a factoring fee of up to 20 percent of sold receivables. In a typical asset-backed securitization: Proceeds generated from the sale of A1-rated commercial paper are used to purchase receivables from a hospital; Accounts receivable eligible for sale are advance-funded at a level between 80 and 90 percent, with the unfunded portion remaining an asset of the hospital; The hospital is responsible for collection and follow-up activities; and An asset manager maintains cash collections to retire commercial paper notes and pay administrative costs. A healthcare organization interested in receivables financing should review each option's structure and benefits to assess advance funding provided, costs, a seller's level of control, and program eligibility requirements.

  11. Maximizing Federal IT Dollars: A Connection Between IT Investments and Organizational Performance

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-04-01

    Theory for investments, where diversification of financial assets (stocks, bonds, and cash) is balanced by expected returns and risk (Markowitz, 1952...Stakeholder satisfaction (stakeholder may not pay proportionally for service) Stakeholders Stockholders , owners, market Taxpayers; legislative...Adviser for Off-Campus Programs in the Department of Engineering Manage- ment and Systems Engineering. His current research interests include stochastic

  12. Fuzzy net present valuation based on risk assessment of Malaysian infrastructure

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Shaffie, Siti Salihah; Jaaman, Saiful Hafizah; Mohamad, Daud

    2017-04-01

    In recent years, built-operate-transfer (BOT) projects have profoundly been accepted under project financing for infrastructure developments in many countries. It requires high financing and involves complex mutual risk. The assessment of the risks is vital to avert huge financial loss. Net present value is widely applied to BOT project where the uncertainties in cash flows are deemed to be deterministic values. This study proposed a fuzzy net present value model taking consideration the assessment of risks from the BOT project. The proposed model is adopted to provide more flexible net present valuation of the project. It is shown and proven that the improved fuzzy cash flow model will provide a valuation that is closed to the real value of the project.

  13. Straight talk: new approaches in healthcare. Are you ready to send HIPPA-compliant transactions? Your cash flow is at stake. Panel discussion.

    PubMed

    Barrett, Lee B; Hanks, Tom; Zubeldia, Kepa; Cramer, Richard

    The deadlines are looming for compliance with the transaction and code set requirements set forth in the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). If your hospital filed for an extension in October 2002, you need to begin testing transactions by April 2003 and sending transactions by October 2003. But don't rely on your technology vendors to give you the ability to send compliant transactions. While vendors can provide the correct computer data format, they can't gather the correct information. If you can't send a compliant transaction, the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services could reject your claims, drying up a big percentage of your cash flow.

  14. Measuring the Return on Household Enterprise: What Matters Most for Whom?

    PubMed Central

    Samphantharak, Krislert; Townsend, Robert M.

    2011-01-01

    Return on assets (ROA) from household enterprise is crucial for understanding the well-being and productivity of households in developing economies. Yet the definition and measurement of household enterprise ROA remain inconsistent or unclear. We illustrate potential measurement problems with examples from various actual surveys. We then take advantage of a detailed integrated household survey to perform a robustness analysis, acting as if we had gathered less data than was actually the case, to see what matters and for whom. The three issues that matter most for accurate measurement of household enterprise ROA are the choice of accrual versus cash basis of income, the treatment of household’s own labor in enterprise income, and the treatment of non-factor income. Also, this sensitivity matters most for a relatively poor region dominated by crop cultivation relative to a richer region with non-farm enterprises. Though the choice between accrued income and cash income matters less when the frequency of the data declines, there remains high sensitivity in longer-term and annualized data. We conclude the paper by providing recommendations on how to improve the survey questionnaires for more accurate measurement in field research. PMID:22523446

  15. The single-hospital county: is its hospital at risk?

    PubMed Central

    Chang, C F; Tuckman, H P

    1991-01-01

    This article focuses on a hospital group that has not received adequate attention in the literature: the sole provider of short-term, acute hospital care located in a county. In Tennessee, SPHs (single provider hospitals) are fewer in number but are present in more counties than multiprovider hospitals (MPHs). They are smaller in size, less labor and capital intensive, more likely to be a government hospital, and more likely to be in a rural area with low income and limited health care resources. SPHs operate with lower costs, charge patients less, and have lower revenue write-offs than MPHs. As a result, their cash flow is sufficient to fund their depreciation and they consistently earn modest returns. Between 1982 and 1988, a total of 16 hospitals failed in Tennessee but only 3 were SPHs. While SPHs have not been profitable enough to make them ideal candidates for takeover by major hospital systems, they are not a population that is unduly at risk. PMID:1905685

  16. Solar central receiver reformer system for ammonia plants

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1980-07-01

    Details of the conceptual design, economic analysis, and development plan for a solar central receiver system for retrofitting the Valley Nitrogen Producers, Inc., El Centro, California 600 ST/SD Ammonia Plant are presented. The retrofit system consists of a solar central receiver reformer (SCRR) operating in parallel with the existing fossil fired reformer. Steam and hydrocarbon react in the catalyst filled tubes of the inner cavity receiver to form a hydrogen rich mixture which is the syngas feed for the ammonia production. The SCRR system displaces natural gas presently used in the fossil reformer combustion chamber. The solar reformer retrofit system characteristics and its interface with the existing plant are simple, incorporating state of the art components with proven technology. A northfield composed of one thousand forty second generation heliostats provides solar energy to the receiver which is positioned on top of a 90 meter high steel tower. The overall economics of this system can provide over 20% discount cash flow rate of return with proper investment and market conditions.

  17. Agent-based simulation of a financial market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Raberto, Marco; Cincotti, Silvano; Focardi, Sergio M.; Marchesi, Michele

    2001-10-01

    This paper introduces an agent-based artificial financial market in which heterogeneous agents trade one single asset through a realistic trading mechanism for price formation. Agents are initially endowed with a finite amount of cash and a given finite portfolio of assets. There is no money-creation process; the total available cash is conserved in time. In each period, agents make random buy and sell decisions that are constrained by available resources, subject to clustering, and dependent on the volatility of previous periods. The model proposed herein is able to reproduce the leptokurtic shape of the probability density of log price returns and the clustering of volatility. Implemented using extreme programming and object-oriented technology, the simulator is a flexible computational experimental facility that can find applications in both academic and industrial research projects.

  18. Basic Finance

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Vittek, J. F.

    1972-01-01

    A discussion of the basic measures of corporate financial strength, and the sources of the information is reported. Considered are: balance sheet, income statement, funds and cash flow, and financial ratios.

  19. 7 CFR 3560.453 - Workout agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ..., such as cash flow concerns, budget revisions, deferred maintenance, vacancies, or violations of...: (1) Prior lienholder, if any; (2) Critical operating and maintenance expenses, including taxes and...

  20. 7 CFR 3560.453 - Workout agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ..., such as cash flow concerns, budget revisions, deferred maintenance, vacancies, or violations of...: (1) Prior lienholder, if any; (2) Critical operating and maintenance expenses, including taxes and...

  1. Static and dynamic factors in an information-based multi-asset artificial stock market

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Ponta, Linda; Pastore, Stefano; Cincotti, Silvano

    2018-02-01

    An information-based multi-asset artificial stock market characterized by different types of stocks and populated by heterogeneous agents is presented. In the market, agents trade risky assets in exchange for cash. Beside the amount of cash and of stocks owned, each agent is characterized by sentiments and agents share their sentiments by means of interactions that are determined by sparsely connected networks. A central market maker (clearing house mechanism) determines the price processes for each stock at the intersection of the demand and the supply curves. Single stock price processes exhibit volatility clustering and fat-tailed distribution of returns whereas multivariate price process exhibits both static and dynamic stylized facts, i.e., the presence of static factors and common trends. Static factors are studied making reference to the cross-correlation of returns of different stocks. The common trends are investigated considering the variance-covariance matrix of prices. Results point out that the probability distribution of eigenvalues of the cross-correlation matrix of returns shows the presence of sectors, similar to those observed on real empirical data. As regarding the dynamic factors, the variance-covariance matrix of prices point out a limited number of assets prices series that are independent integrated processes, in close agreement with the empirical evidence of asset price time series of real stock markets. These results remarks the crucial dependence of statistical properties of multi-assets stock market on the agents' interaction structure.

  2. A financial ratio analysis of for-profit and non-profit rural referral centers.

    PubMed

    McCue, Michael J; Nayar, Preethy

    2009-01-01

    National financial data show that rural referral center (RRC) hospitals have performed well financially. RRC hospitals' median cash flow margin ratio was 10.04% in 2002 and grew to 11.04% in 2004. The aim of this study is to compare the ratio analysis of key operational and financial performance measures of for-profit RRCs to those of private, non-profit RRCs. To control for accounting aberrations within a given year, we selected RRCs that reported 3 consecutive fiscal years of Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) cost report data, starting with fiscal year 2004 and ending with fiscal year 2006. Given a limited sample size of 28 for-profit RRCs and 127 non-profits, we used the non-parametric median test to assess median differences in operational and key financial measures between the 2 groups. For-profit RRCs treated less complex cases and reported fewer discharges per bed and fewer occupied beds than did non-profits. However, for-profit RRCs staffed their beds with fewer full-time-equivalent (FTE) personnel and served a higher proportion of Medicaid patients. For-profit RRCs generated operating cash flow margins in excess of 19%, compared to only 8.1% for non-profits, and maintained newer plant and equipment. For-profit RRCs generated a substantially higher cash flow margin by controlling their operating costs.

  3. The cost of pursuing a medical career in the military: a tale of five specialties.

    PubMed

    Cronin, William A; Morgan, Jessica A; Weeks, William B

    2010-08-01

    The physician payment system is a focus of potential reform in the United States. The authors explored the effects of the military's method of physician payment on physicians' returns on educational investment for several specialties. This retrospective, observational study used national data from 2003 and standard financial techniques to calculate the net present value-the current value of an expected stream of cash flows at a particular rate of interest-of the educational investments of medical students in ten 30-year career paths: either military or civilian careers in internal medicine, psychiatry, gastroenterology, general surgery, or orthopedics. At a 5% discount rate, in the civilian world, the lowest return on an educational investment accrued to psychiatrists ($1.136 million) and the highest to orthopedists ($2.489 million), a range of $1.354 million. In the military, the lowest returns accrued to internists ($1.377 million) and the highest to orthopedists ($1.604 million); however, the range was only $0.227 million, one-sixth that found in the civilian sector. The authors also found that most military physicians do not remain in the military for their full careers. Choosing a military career substantially decreases the net present value of an educational investment for interventionalists, but it does so only modestly for primary care physicians. Further, a military career path markedly diminishes specialty-specific variation in the net present values of educational investment. Adopting a military structure for engaging medical students might help reverse the current trend of declining interest in primary care.

  4. The Impact of Policy and Institutional Environment on Costs and Benefits of Sustainable Agricultural Land Uses: The Case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B.

    2007-08-01

    As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation ( jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry, considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems. Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support services and facilities.

  5. The impact of policy and institutional environment on costs and benefits of sustainable agricultural land uses: the case of the Chittagong Hill Tracts, Bangladesh.

    PubMed

    Rasul, Golam; Thapa, Gopal B

    2007-08-01

    As in other mountain regions of Asia, agricultural lands in the Chittagong Hill Tracts (CHT) of Bangladesh are undergoing degradation due primarily to environmentally incompatible land-use systems such as shifting cultivation (jhum) and annual cash crops. The suitable land-use systems such as agroforestry and timber tree plantation provide benefit to the society at large, but they might not provide attractive economic benefits to farmers, eventually constraining a wide-scale adoption of such land-use systems. Therefore, it is essential to evaluate agricultural land-use systems from both societal and private perspectives in the pursuit of promoting particularly environmentally sustainable systems. This article evaluated five major land-use systems being practiced in CHT, namely jhum, annual cash crops, horticulture, agroforestry, and timber plantation. The results of the financial analysis revealed the annual cash crops as the most attractive land use and jhum as the least attractive of the five land-use systems considered under the study. Horticulture, timber plantation, and agroforestry, considered to be suitable land-use systems particularly for mountainous areas, held the middle ground between these two systems. Annual cash crops provided the highest financial return at the cost of a very high rate of soil erosion. When the societal cost of soil erosion is considered, annual cash crops appear to be the most costly land-use system, followed by jhum and horticulture. Although financially less attractive compared to annual cash crops and horticulture, agroforestry and timber plantation are the socially most beneficial land-use systems. Findings of the alternative policy analyses indicate that there is a good prospect for making environmentally sustainable land-use systems, such as agroforestry and timber plantation, attractive for the farmers by eliminating existing legal and institutional barriers, combined with the provision of necessary support services and facilities.

  6. An eco-efficient and economical optimum evaluation technique for the forest road networks: the case of the mountainous forest of Metsovo, Greece.

    PubMed

    Tampekis, Stergios; Samara, Fani; Sakellariou, Stavros; Sfougaris, Athanassios; Christopoulou, Olga

    2018-02-12

    The sustainable forest management can be achieved only through environmentally sound and economically efficient and feasible forest road networks and transportation systems that can potentially improve the multi-functional use of forest resources. However, road network planning and construction suggest long-term finance that require a capital investment (cash outflow), which would be equal to the value of the total revenue flow (cash inflow) over the whole lifecycle project. This paper emphasizes in an eco-efficient and economical optimum evaluation method for the forest road networks in the mountainous forest of Metsovo, Greece. More specifically, with the use of this technique, we evaluated the forest roads' (a) total construction costs, (b) annual maintenance cost, and (c) log skidding cost. In addition, we estimated the total economic value of forest goods and services that are lost from the forest roads' construction. Finally, we assessed the optimum eco-efficient and economical forest roads densities based on linear equations that stem from the internal rate of return method (IRR) and have been presented graphically. Data analysis and its presentation are achieved with the contribution of geographic information systems (GIS). The technique which is described in this study can be for the decision makers an attractive and useful implement in order to select the most eco-friendly and economical optimum solution to plan forest road network or to evaluate the existing forest transportation systems. Hence, with the use of this method, we can combine not only the multi-objective utilization of natural resources but also the environmental protection of forest ecosystems.

  7. 26 CFR 25.2523(e)-1 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in donee spouse.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the requirements of § 1.643(b)-1 of this chapter... rules specifically stated in the trust instrument, or, in their absence, by the rules for the management... for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts as rents, ordinary cash...

  8. 26 CFR 25.2523(e)-1 - Marital deduction; life estate with power of appointment in donee spouse.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-04-01

    ... beneficiaries of the total return of the trust and that meets the requirements of § 1.643(b)-1 of this chapter... rules specifically stated in the trust instrument, or, in their absence, by the rules for the management... for management of the trust that the allocation to income of such receipts as rents, ordinary cash...

  9. Creative Financing.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Esteves, Richard M.

    1984-01-01

    This article analyzes cooperative programs that reduce the risks of financing energy conservation equipment. Savings guarantees, cash flow leasing, shared savings, and cooperative savings programs are described and sources of further information noted. (MJL)

  10. Administrative Computing: Ideas That Work.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    White, Lawrence S.

    1984-01-01

    Describes administrative computer use in the Concord (NH) School District. Applications discussed include procurement, cash flow and investment, accounting and control, and teacher contracts, all performed with in-house programs. (MCG)

  11. 45 CFR 155.1210 - Maintenance of records.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ...) of this section include, at a minimum, the following: (1) Information concerning management and..., including cash flow statements, and accounts receivable and matters pertaining to the costs of operations...

  12. 14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

  13. 14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

  14. 14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

  15. 14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

  16. 14 CFR 91.871 - Waivers from interim compliance requirements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... TRANSPORTATION (CONTINUED) AIR TRAFFIC AND GENERAL OPERATING RULES GENERAL OPERATING AND FLIGHT RULES Operating... relevant, including, as appropriate, the following: (1) The applicant's balance sheet and cash flow...

  17. 13 CFR 500.211 - Lender responsibilities.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ...) Monitoring. In accordance with the Guarantee the Lender shall monitor Borrower's performance under the Loan... borrower, as provided in the Guarantee; (2) Projected balance sheet, income statement, and cash flows for...

  18. Can an economist find happiness setting public utility rates

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Kahn, A.E.

    Alfred E. Kahn describes his applications of economic theories to rate level regulatory policies during his career as a public utilities regulator. Two shifts in regulatory thinking have responded to the intent to have rates set to reflect rising costs that will be occuring while the rates are in effect rather than on past costs and have recognized that varying the allowable rate of return can be as effective as changing the rate base. Pressures have been exerted on economists to place too much emphasis on regulatory lag, full-cost pricing, sunk cost, and other factors affecting capital formation. A rationalmore » policy recognizes differences between the needs of individual companies to raise capital and the variations that occur during a given accounting period. Rates based on trends that recognize returns over a time span is one solution. Anticipated cost increases have been included in rate levels so that automatic cost adjustments can be made during times of inflation. Because of increases in the marginal cost of capital, regulators must decide how to selectively vary cash flow during construction periods in a way that will give adequate signals to consumers. Situations in which a water company is associated with a real estate developer can avoid a double recovery of investment by granting rate increases in relation to cost over time.« less

  19. Financing and cash flow management for the medical group practice.

    PubMed

    Bert, Andrew J

    2008-01-01

    The expansion of a medical group practice and the addition of ancillary services require a substantial cash outlay. Obtaining proper financing to complete a successful expansion is a process that takes time, and there are critical steps that must be followed. The group's business objectives must be presented properly by developing a business plan detailing the practice and goals associated with the desired expansion. This article discusses some of the key elements that are essential in creating an overall effective business plan for the group medical practice.

  20. 49 CFR 260.17 - Credit risk premium analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... past and projected: (A) Profitability; (B) Liquidity; (C) Financial strength; (D) Size; and (E) Level... improving revenues, profitability and cash flow from operations; and (B) Reliance on third parties for...

  1. 49 CFR 260.17 - Credit risk premium analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... past and projected: (A) Profitability; (B) Liquidity; (C) Financial strength; (D) Size; and (E) Level... improving revenues, profitability and cash flow from operations; and (B) Reliance on third parties for...

  2. 49 CFR 260.17 - Credit risk premium analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... past and projected: (A) Profitability; (B) Liquidity; (C) Financial strength; (D) Size; and (E) Level... improving revenues, profitability and cash flow from operations; and (B) Reliance on third parties for...

  3. 49 CFR 260.17 - Credit risk premium analysis.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... past and projected: (A) Profitability; (B) Liquidity; (C) Financial strength; (D) Size; and (E) Level... improving revenues, profitability and cash flow from operations; and (B) Reliance on third parties for...

  4. Derivative financial instruments and nonprofit health care providers.

    PubMed

    Stewart, Louis J; Owhoso, Vincent

    2004-01-01

    This article examines the extent of derivative financial instrument use among US nonprofit health systems and the impact of these financial instruments on their cash flows, reported operating results, and financial risks. Our examination is conducted through a case study of New Jersey hospitals and health systems. We review the existing literature on interest rate derivative instruments and US hospitals and health systems. This literature describes the design of these derivative financial instruments and the theoretical benefits of their use by large health care provider organizations. Our contribution to the literature is to provide an empirical evaluation of derivative financial instruments usage among a geographically limited sample of US nonprofit health systems. We reviewed the audited financial statements of the 49 community hospitals and multi-hospital health systems operating in the state of New Jersey. We found that 8 percent of New Jersey's nonprofit health providers utilized interest rate derivatives with an aggregate principle value of $229 million. These derivative users combine interest rate swaps and caps to lower the effective interest costs of their long-term debt while limiting their exposure to future interest rate increases. In addition, while derivative assets and liabilities have an immaterial balance sheet impact, derivative related gains and losses are a material component of their reported operating results. We also found that derivative usage among these four health systems was responsible for generating positive cash flows in the range of 1 percent to 2 percent of their total 2001 cash flows from operations. As a result of our admittedly limited samples we conclude that interest rate swaps and caps are effective risk management tools. However, we also found that while these derivative financial instruments are useful hedges against the risks of issuing long-term financing instruments, they also expose derivative users to credit, contract termination and interest rate volatility risks. In conclusion, we find that these financial instruments can also generate negative as well as positive cash flows and have both a positive and negative impact on reported operating results.

  5. Mobile dental operations: capital budgeting and long-term viability.

    PubMed

    Arevalo, Oscar; Chattopadhyay, Amit; Lester, Harold; Skelton, Judy

    2010-01-01

    The University of Kentucky College of Dentistry (UKCD) runs a large mobile dental operation. Economic conditions dictate that as the mobile units age it will be harder to find donors willing or able to provide the financial resources for asset replacement. In order to maintain current levels of access for the underserved, consideration of replacement is paramount. A financial analysis for a new mobile unit was conducted to determine self-sustainability, return on investment (ROI), and feasibility of generating a cash reserve for its replacement in 12 years. Information on clinical income, operational and replacement costs, and capital costs was collected. A capital budgeting analysis (CBA) was conducted using the Net Present Value (NPV) methodology in four different scenarios. Depreciation funding was calculated by transferring funds from cash inflows and reinvested to offset depreciation at fixed compound interest. A positive ROI was obtained for two scenarios. He depreciation fund did not generate a cash reserve sufficient to replace the mobile unit. Mobile dental programs can play a vital role in providing access to care to underserved populations and ensuring their mission requires long-term planning. Careful financial viability and CBA based on sound assumptions are excellent decision-making tools.

  6. A note of caution

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Petherick, Anna

    2012-03-01

    Big money will soon flow from rich countries to poor ones that are particularly susceptible to the effects of climate change. Safeguarding this cash against corruption will be an exceptionally tough job, argues Anna Petherick.

  7. 7 CFR 2201.20 - Collateral.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... other agreements or rights that may be of value; (3) All permits, governmental approvals, franchises and... competitiveness of the Project's economics and the associated certainty of cash flows in the future; and (5) The...

  8. 26 CFR 1.6050I-2 - Returns relating to cash in excess of $10,000 received as bail by court clerks.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-04-01

    ... 18 of the United States Code); (3) Money laundering (as defined in section 1956 or 1957 of title 18... are customarily used and accepted as money in the country in which issued; and (2) A cashier's check..., or money order having a face amount of not more than $10,000. Specified criminal offense means— (1) A...

  9. 7 CFR 1773.31 - Auditor's report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLICY ON AUDITS OF RUS BORROWERS RUS Reporting Requirements § 1773.31 Auditor's report. The CPA... cash flows. This report must be signed by the CPA, cover all statements presented, and refer to the...

  10. 7 CFR 1773.31 - Auditor's report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLICY ON AUDITS OF RUS BORROWERS RUS Reporting Requirements § 1773.31 Auditor's report. The CPA... cash flows. This report must be signed by the CPA, cover all statements presented, and refer to the...

  11. 7 CFR 1773.31 - Auditor's report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLICY ON AUDITS OF RUS BORROWERS RUS Reporting Requirements § 1773.31 Auditor's report. The CPA... cash flows. This report must be signed by the CPA, cover all statements presented, and refer to the...

  12. 7 CFR 1773.31 - Auditor's report.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... (CONTINUED) POLICY ON AUDITS OF RUS BORROWERS RUS Reporting Requirements § 1773.31 Auditor's report. The CPA... cash flows. This report must be signed by the CPA, cover all statements presented, and refer to the...

  13. 12 CFR 723.6 - What must your member business loan policy address?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ... the ability of the borrower to repay the loan consistent with appropriate underwriting and due... experience, balance sheet, cash flow analysis, income statements, tax data, environmental impact assessment...

  14. Relationship between sleep loss and economic worry among farmers: a survery of 94 active saskatchewan noncorporate farms.

    PubMed

    LaBrash, Leanne F; Pahwa, Punam; Pickett, William; Hagel, Louise M; Snodgrass, Phyllis R; Dosman, James A

    2008-01-01

    Farm work involves seasonal peak busy periods with long hours of work and potential sleep loss. Social, technological, and economic changes, and depressed commodity prices, have resulted in financial stress. There may be a relationship between sleep loss and worry about economic conditions. The objective of this study was to examine the association between hours of sleep and worry associated with cash flow shortages and worry associated with debt among a population of farmers and their family members. One hundred and ninety-five persons from 94 active farms in two rural municipalities in west central Saskatchewan were interviewed by questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were used to quantify associations between sleep patterns and economic concerns during peak seasons and nonpeak seasons. During peak agricultural seasons, 31.6% of owners/operators reported less than 6 hours of sleep per night compared to 6.3% during the nonpeak seasons (p< .01). A significant relationship (odds ration [OR] 3.59, confidence interval [Cl] 1.58-8.13) was observed between daily cash flow worry and impaired sleep during peak busy seasons. A large proportion of farmers surveyed suffered sleep deprivation during peak seasons, and this sleep loss appeared related to worries about cash flow that were not observed during nonpeak seasons. It is possible that sleep loss during peak busy seasons may be related to impared judgment, as shown by differential worry habits, and might also be related to the high injury rates in farmers during peak busy seasons.

  15. Sperry Low Temperature Geothermal Conversion System, Phase 1 and Phase 2. Volume 3: Systems description

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Matthews, H. B.

    The major fraction of hydrothermal resources with the prospect of economic usefulness for the generation of electricity are in the 300(0)F to 425(0)F temperature range. Cost effective conversion of the geothermal energy to electricity requires new ideas to improve conversion efficiency, enhance brine flow, reduce plant costs, increase plant availability, and shorten the time between investment and return. The problems addressed are those inherent in the geothermal environment, in the binary fluid cycle, in the difficulty of efficiently converting the energy of a low temperature resource, and in geothermal economics some of these problems are explained. The energy expended by the down hole pump; the difficulty in designing reliable down hole equipment; fouling of heat exchanger surfaces by geothermal fluids; the unavailability of condenser cooling water at most geothermal sites; the large portion of the available energy used by the feed pump in a binary system; the pinch effect, a loss in available energy in transferring heat from water to an organic fluid; flow losses in fluids that carry only a small amount of useful energy to begin with; high heat exchanger costs, the lower the temperature interval of the cycle, the higher the heat exchanger costs in $/kW; the complexity and cost of the many auxiliary elements of proposed geothermal plants; and the unfortunate cash flow vs. investment curve caused by the many years of investment required to bring a field into production before any income is realized.

  16. 49 CFR 22.19 - Credit criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-10-01

    ... earnings and cash flow, and work in progress; (e) Ability to repay the loan; (f) Sufficient equity to... an ability to repay the loan as well as satisfactory handling of the repayment of past and current...

  17. 49 CFR 22.19 - Credit criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-10-01

    ... earnings and cash flow, and work in progress; (e) Ability to repay the loan; (f) Sufficient equity to... an ability to repay the loan as well as satisfactory handling of the repayment of past and current...

  18. 49 CFR 22.19 - Credit criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-10-01

    ... earnings and cash flow, and work in progress; (e) Ability to repay the loan; (f) Sufficient equity to... an ability to repay the loan as well as satisfactory handling of the repayment of past and current...

  19. 49 CFR 22.19 - Credit criteria.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-10-01

    ... earnings and cash flow, and work in progress; (e) Ability to repay the loan; (f) Sufficient equity to... an ability to repay the loan as well as satisfactory handling of the repayment of past and current...

  20. Eversource Energy  2015 Annual Report

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    2018-03-21

    ... expect,” “anticipate,” “intend,” “plan,” “project,” “believe,” “forecast,” “should,” “could ... the subsidiary companies could retain their free cash flow to fund ...

  1. 49 CFR 80.7 - Application process.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-10-01

    ... the project and the applicant, such as sources and uses of funds for the project and a forecast of cash flows available to service all debt instruments. (c) An application for a project located in or...

  2. Cost of lifetime immunosuppression coverage for kidney transplant recipients.

    PubMed

    Page, Timothy F; Woodward, Robert S

    2008-01-01

    On January 1, 2000, Medicare extended the coverage of immunosuppression medications from 3 years to life for elderly and disabled kidney transplant recipients. This research estimates the impact of extending this lifetime coverage to all kidney transplant recipients on Medicare's cash flows. The study finds that extending coverage to all kidney transplant recipients would have increased Medicare's net cash outflows if the coverage were extended for patients of all income levels. There is evidence that extending coverage to only patients in the lowest income quartile could have resulted in a net cost savings to Medicare.

  3. Iowa Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lucas, Robert G.; Taylor, Zachary T.; Mendon, Vrushali V.

    2012-06-15

    The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Iowa homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Iowa homeowners will save $7,573 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 1 year for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $454 for the 2012 IECC.

  4. Texas Energy and Cost Savings for New Single- and Multifamily Homes: 2012 IECC as Compared to the 2009 IECC

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Lucas, Robert G.; Taylor, Zachary T.; Mendon, Vrushali V.

    2012-06-15

    The 2012 International Energy Conservation Code (IECC) yields positive benefits for Texas homeowners. Moving to the 2012 IECC from the 2009 IECC is cost effective over a 30-year life cycle. On average, Texas homeowners will save $3,456 with the 2012 IECC. After accounting for upfront costs and additional costs financed in the mortgage, homeowners should see net positive cash flows (i.e., cumulative savings exceeding cumulative cash outlays) in 2 years for the 2012 IECC. Average annual energy savings are $259 for the 2012 IECC.

  5. The real economic effects of cross-delisting from the United States: Evidence on post-operating performance, financial constraints and stock crash risk =

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Silva, Sonia Maria da Silva Faria Nogueira da

    In this study we examine the economic consequences for firms that cross-delisted from a U.S. stock exchange. Using a sample of foreign firms that cross-delisted from U.S. exchange markets from 2000 to 2012, we investigate the long-term performance, the level of financial constraints, and the likelihood of stock price crashes after the cross-delisting event. We document several new findings as follows: i) cross-delisted firms have less growth opportunities, in the long-run, than their cross-listed peers; ii) after the adoption of Rule 12h-6 of 2007, cross-delisted firms exhibit a significant decline in operating performance; iii) cross-delisted firms underperform their cross-listed peers as they experience negative average abnormal returns, especially in the post-cross-delisting period; iv) cross-delisted firms face higher financial constraints post-delisting than their cross-listed counterparts, and also tend to save more cash out of cash flows; v) the increase in financial constraints post-cross-delisting seems to be primarily driven by informational frictions that constrain access to external financing, which are stronger for firms from countries with weaker investor protection and less developed capital markets; vi) cross-delisted firms experience a significant increase in crash risk associated with earnings management in the post-delisting period relative to a control sample of cross-listed firms, and this effect is more pronounced for delisted firms from countries with weaker investor protection and poor quality of their information environment; vii) cross-delisted firms that engage in earnings management to inflate reported earnings prior to a seasoned equity offering are more likely to a subsequent stock price crash.

  6. Pharmacologic treatments for dry eye: a worthwhile investment?

    PubMed

    Novack, Gary D

    2002-01-01

    To determine whether investment in a novel pharmacologic agent for the treatment of dry eye would be worthwhile from a financial perspective. Estimates were made of the cost and time required to develop a novel pharmacologic treatment of dry eye and the potential revenues for the product. These estimates were used to compute the value of the investment, adjusting for the time value of money. Development was estimated to cost $42 million and to take 55 months from investigational new drug exemption filing to new drug application approval. The potential market for this treatment was estimated at $542 million per year at year 5. Adding in the cost of development and marketing as well as other costs, net present value was very positive at the 5, 8, 10, and 40% cost of financing. The internal rate of return was 90%. In summary, if there were a successful pharmacologic treatment of dry eye and if a firm could manage the cash flow during the development, then the market potential approaches that of other treatment of chronic ophthalmic conditions (e.g., glaucoma), and it would be a worthwhile investment.

  7. Conversion of paper sludge to ethanol, II: process design and economic analysis.

    PubMed

    Fan, Zhiliang; Lynd, Lee R

    2007-01-01

    Process design and economics are considered for conversion of paper sludge to ethanol. A particular site, a bleached kraft mill operated in Gorham, NH by Fraser Papers (15 tons dry sludge processed per day), is considered. In addition, profitability is examined for a larger plant (50 dry tons per day) and sensitivity analysis is carried out with respect to capacity, tipping fee, and ethanol price. Conversion based on simultaneous saccharification and fermentation with intermittent feeding is examined, with ethanol recovery provided by distillation and molecular sieve adsorption. It was found that the Fraser plant achieves positive cash flow with or without xylose conversion and mineral recovery. Sensitivity analysis indicates economics are very sensitive to ethanol selling price and scale; significant but less sensitive to the tipping fee, and rather insensitive to the prices of cellulase and power. Internal rates of return exceeding 15% are projected for larger plants at most combinations of scale, tipping fee, and ethanol price. Our analysis lends support to the proposition that paper sludge is a leading point-of-entry and proving ground for emergent industrial processes featuring enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic biomass.

  8. Cargo Logistics Airlift Systems Study (CLASS). Volume 4: Future requirements of dedicated freighter aircraft to year 2008

    NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

    Burby, R. J.

    1979-01-01

    The 1978 fleet operations are extended to the year 1992, thus providing an evaluation of current aircraft types in meeting the ensuing increased market demand. Possible changes in the fleet mix and the resulting economic situation are defined in terms of the number of units of each type aircraft and the resulting growth in operational frequency. Among the economic parameters considered are the associated investment required by the airline, the return on investment to the airline, and the accompanying levels of cash flow and operating income. Against this background the potential for a derivative aircraft to enter fleet operations in 1985 is defined as a function of payload size and as affected by 1980 technology. In a similar manner, the size and potential for a new dedicated 1990 technology, freighter aircraft to become operational in 1995 is established. The resulting aircraft and fleet operational and economic characteristics are evaluated over the period 1994 to 2008. The impacts of restricted growth in operational frequency, reduced market demand, variations in aircraft configurations, and military participation, are assessed.

  9. The pricing of credit default swaps under a generalized mixed fractional Brownian motion

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    He, Xinjiang; Chen, Wenting

    2014-06-01

    In this paper, we consider the pricing of the CDS (credit default swap) under a GMFBM (generalized mixed fractional Brownian motion) model. As the name suggests, the GMFBM model is indeed a generalization of all the FBM (fractional Brownian motion) models used in the literature, and is proved to be able to effectively capture the long-range dependence of the stock returns. To develop the pricing mechanics of the CDS, we firstly derive a sufficient condition for the market modeled under the GMFBM to be arbitrage free. Then under the risk-neutral assumption, the CDS is fairly priced by investigating the two legs of the cash flow involved. The price we obtained involves elementary functions only, and can be easily implemented for practical purpose. Finally, based on numerical experiments, we analyze quantitatively the impacts of different parameters on the prices of the CDS. Interestingly, in comparison with all the other FBM models documented in the literature, the results produced from the GMFBM model are in a better agreement with those calculated from the classical Black-Scholes model.

  10. Additional funding mechanisms for Public Hospitals in Greece: the case of Chania Mental Health Hospital

    PubMed Central

    2010-01-01

    Objectives To investigate whether the long term lease of public hospital owned land could be an additional financing mechanism for Greek public (mental) health hospitals. Methods We performed a financial analysis of the official 2008 data of a case - study hospital (Mental Health Hospital of Chania). We used a capital budgeting approach to investigate whether value is created for the public hospital by engaging its assets in a project for the development of a private renal dialysis Unit. Results The development of the private unit in hospital owned land is a good investment decision, as it generates high project Net Present Value and Internal Rate of Return. When the project commences generating operating cash flows, nearly €400.000 will be paid annually to the Mental Health Hospital of Chania as rent, thereby gradually decreasing the annual deficit of the hospital. Conclusions Revenue generated from the long term lease of public hospital land is crucial to gradually eliminate hospital deficit. The Ministry of Health should encourage similar forms of Public Private Partnerships in order to ensure the sustainability of public (mental) hospitals. PMID:21067580

  11. Development of cost-effective surfactant flooding technology, Quarterly report, October 1995--December 1995

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Pope, G.A.; Sepehrnoori, K.

    1995-12-31

    The objective of this research is to develop cost-effective surfactant flooding technology by using simulation studies to evaluate and optimize alternative design strategies taking into account reservoir characteristics process chemistry, and process design options such as horizontal wells. Task 1 is the development of an improved numerical method for our simulator that will enable us to solve a wider class of these difficult simulation problems accurately and affordably. Task 2 is the application of this simulator to the optimization of surfactant flooding to reduce its risk and cost. In this quarter, we have continued working on Task 2 to optimizemore » surfactant flooding design and have included economic analysis to the optimization process. An economic model was developed using a spreadsheet and the discounted cash flow (DCF) method of economic analysis. The model was designed specifically for a domestic onshore surfactant flood and has been used to economically evaluate previous work that used a technical approach to optimization. The DCF model outputs common economic decision making criteria, such as net present value (NPV), internal rate of return (IRR), and payback period.« less

  12. The Effects of Money on Fake Rating Behavior in E-Commerce: Electrophysiological Time Course Evidence From Consumers.

    PubMed

    Wang, Cuicui; Li, Yun; Luo, Xuan; Ma, Qingguo; Fu, Weizhong; Fu, Huijian

    2018-01-01

    Online ratings impose significant effects on the behaviors of potential customers. Thus, online merchants try to adopt strategies that affect this rating behavior, and most of these strategies are connected to money, such as the strategies of returning cash coupons if a consumer gives a five-star rating (RI strategy, an acronym for "returning" and "if") or returning cash coupons directly with no additional requirements (RN strategy, an acronym for "returning" and "no"). The current study explored whether a certain strategy (RN or RI) was more likely to give rise to false rating behaviors, as assessed by event-related potentials. A two-stimulus paradigm was used in this experiment. The first stimulus (S1) was the picture of a product with four Chinese characters that reflected the product quality (slightly defective vs. seriously defective vs. not defective), and the second stimulus (S2) displayed the coupon strategy (RN or RI). The participants were asked to decide whether or not to give a five-star rating. The behavioral results showed that the RI strategy led to a higher rate of five-star ratings than the RN strategy. For the electrophysiological time courses, the N1, N2, and LPP components were evaluated. The slightly defective products elicited a larger amplitude of the N1 component than the seriously defective and not-defective products, reflecting that perceptual difficulty was associated with the processing of the slightly defective products. The RI strategy evoked a less negative N2 and a more positive LPP than the RN strategy, indicating that the subjects perceived less conflict and experienced stronger incentives when processing the RI strategy. These findings will benefit future studies of fake online comments and provide evidence supporting the policy of forbidding the use of the RI strategy in e-commerce.

  13. Hospital Capital Investment During the Great Recession.

    PubMed

    Choi, Sung

    2017-01-01

    Hospital capital investment is important for acquiring and maintaining technology and equipment needed to provide health care. Reduction in capital investment by a hospital has negative implications for patient outcomes. Most hospitals rely on debt and internal cash flow to fund capital investment. The great recession may have made it difficult for hospitals to borrow, thus reducing their capital investment. I investigated the impact of the great recession on capital investment made by California hospitals. Modeling how hospital capital investment may have been liquidity constrained during the recession is a novel contribution to the literature. I estimated the model with California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data and system generalized method of moments. Findings suggest that not-for-profit and public hospitals were liquidity constrained during the recession. Comparing the changes in hospital capital investment between 2006 and 2009 showed that hospitals used cash flow to increase capital investment by $2.45 million, other things equal.

  14. Internal friction between fluid particles of MHD tangent hyperbolic fluid with heat generation: Using coefficients improved by Cash and Karp

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Salahuddin, T.; Khan, Imad; Malik, M. Y.; Khan, Mair; Hussain, Arif; Awais, Muhammad

    2017-05-01

    The present work examines the internal resistance between fluid particles of tangent hyperbolic fluid flow due to a non-linear stretching sheet with heat generation. Using similarity transformations, the governing system of partial differential equations is transformed into a coupled non-linear ordinary differential system with variable coefficients. Unlike the current analytical works on the flow problems in the literature, the main concern here is to numerically work out and find the solution by using Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg coefficients improved by Cash and Karp (Naseer et al., Alexandria Eng. J. 53, 747 (2014)). To determine the relevant physical features of numerous mechanisms acting on the deliberated problem, it is sufficient to have the velocity profile and temperature field and also the drag force and heat transfer rate all as given in the current paper.

  15. Valuation of imaging centers: alternative methods and detailed description of the discounted cash flow approach.

    PubMed

    Russell, Philip J

    2007-01-01

    Medical imaging centers are an increasingly integral part of the medical services landscape in America. There are many instances in which owners and potential buyers of these enterprises want to ascertain the value of the businesses. There is an industry of professionals who provide expert valuation services for many types of businesses using various recognized alternative methods, some of which are more appropriate than others when valuing an imaging center. The federal government has prescribed parameters for all valuations if they lead to transactions in which fair market value is mandated, and it also expects transactions to adhere to more generalized laws relating to entities that provide services to Medicare patients. Radiologists who own, or who are contemplating ownership of, imaging center operations need to understand the principles of valuation, specifically the factors that are involved in a discounted cash flow determination of fair market value.

  16. Hospital Capital Investment During the Great Recession

    PubMed Central

    Choi, Sung

    2017-01-01

    Hospital capital investment is important for acquiring and maintaining technology and equipment needed to provide health care. Reduction in capital investment by a hospital has negative implications for patient outcomes. Most hospitals rely on debt and internal cash flow to fund capital investment. The great recession may have made it difficult for hospitals to borrow, thus reducing their capital investment. I investigated the impact of the great recession on capital investment made by California hospitals. Modeling how hospital capital investment may have been liquidity constrained during the recession is a novel contribution to the literature. I estimated the model with California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development data and system generalized method of moments. Findings suggest that not-for-profit and public hospitals were liquidity constrained during the recession. Comparing the changes in hospital capital investment between 2006 and 2009 showed that hospitals used cash flow to increase capital investment by $2.45 million, other things equal. PMID:28617202

  17. Impact of Research and Development, Analysis, and Standardization on PV Project Financing Costs

    DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

    Feldman, David J; Margolis, Robert M; Jones-Albertus, Rebecca

    The technical report discusses how R and D efforts focused on removing perceived risk from cash flows to investors have the potential to lower the cost of capital and increase the amount of leverage in a solar project. It also discusses how creating business efficiencies that allow financing transactions to occur more quickly with less effort can reduce the upfront costs associated with arranging financing for a solar project or group of projects. The paper then assesses the impact that these R and D activities might have on the volatility of PV asset cash flows and asset value, as wellmore » as the upfront costs of arranging a financial transaction. Finally, we insert these assumptions into financial models to analyze their impacts on the cost of capital for equity and debt investors, project leverage, and upfront financial transaction costs.« less

  18. Charge auditing from a nursing perspective.

    PubMed

    Obert, S J

    1990-01-01

    Many third-party payors, which include commercial health and auto insurance companies and workmen's compensation carriers, are requesting access to their clients' itemized patient statements and medical records for verifying accuracy of charges and documentation of services rendered. If even a portion of the payment is withheld until the audit is completed, slowing of cash flow results. A slow cash flow may ultimately have profound effects on the quality, or even availability, of patient care. Hospitals are finding it cost effective to have someone within their institution audit patient accounts and medical records to identify problem areas that may result in denial of payment. Nurses are being recruited to perform these audits because of their knowledge of documentation standards and patient account charging procedures. With this background, the nurse auditor is also able to assess educational needs of the nursing staff and work collaboratively with other departments to correct deficiencies.

  19. Investment appraisal of automatic milking and conventional milking technologies in a pasture-based dairy system.

    PubMed

    Shortall, J; Shalloo, L; Foley, C; Sleator, R D; O'Brien, B

    2016-09-01

    The successful integration of automatic milking (AM) systems and grazing has resulted in AM becoming a feasible alternative to conventional milking (CM) in pasture-based systems. The objective of this study was to identify the profitability of AM in a pasture-based system, relative to CM herringbone parlors with 2 different levels of automation, across 2 farm sizes, over a 10-yr period following initial investment. The scenarios which were evaluated were (1) a medium farm milking 70 cows twice daily, with 1 AM unit, a 12-unit CM medium-specification (MS) parlor and a 12-unit CM high-specification (HS) parlor, and (2) a large farm milking 140 cows twice daily with 2 AM units, a 20-unit CM MS parlor and a 20-unit CM HS parlor. A stochastic whole-farm budgetary simulation model combined capital investment costs and annual labor and maintenance costs for each investment scenario, with each scenario evaluated using multiple financial metrics, such as annual net profit, annual net cash flow, total discounted net profitability, total discounted net cash flow, and return on investment. The capital required for each investment was financed from borrowings at an interest rate of 5% and repaid over 10-yr, whereas milking equipment and building infrastructure were depreciated over 10 and 20 yr, respectively. A supporting labor audit (conducted on both AM and CM farms) showed a 36% reduction in labor demand associated with AM. However, despite this reduction in labor, MS CM technologies consistently achieved greater profitability, irrespective of farm size. The AM system achieved intermediate profitability at medium farm size; it was 0.5% less profitable than HS technology at the large farm size. The difference in profitability was greatest in the years after the initial investment. This study indicated that although milking with AM was less profitable than MS technologies, it was competitive when compared with a CM parlor of similar technology. Copyright © 2016 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  20. Economic analysis of the military health professions scholarship program for neurosurgeons.

    PubMed

    Ragel, Brian T; Klimo, Paul; Grant, Gerald A; Taggard, Derek A; Nute, David; McCafferty, Randall R; Ellenbogen, Richard G

    2011-09-01

    The 4-year military Health Professions Scholarship Program (HPSP) provides funds for medical school tuition, books, and a monthly stipend in exchange for a 4-year military commitment (to receive all physician bonuses, an additional 3 months must be served). To analyze the economics of the HPSP for students with an interest in neurosurgery by comparing medical school debt and salaries of military, academic, and private practice neurosurgeons. Salary and medical school debt values from the American Association of Medical Colleges, salary data from the Medical Group Management Association, and 2009 military pay tables were obtained. Annual cash flow diagrams were created to encompass 14.25 years that spanned 4 years (medical school), 6 years (neurosurgical residency), and the first 4.25 years of practice for military, academic, and private practice neurosurgeons. A present value economic model was applied. Mean medical school loan debt was $154,607. Mean military (adjusted for tax-free portions), academic, and private practice salaries were $160,318, $451,068, and $721,458, respectively. After 14.25 years, the cumulative present value cash flow for military, academic, and private practice neurosurgeons was $1 193 323, $2 372 582, and $3 639 276, respectively. After 14.25 years, surgeons with medical student loans still owed $208 761. The difference in cumulative annual present value cash flow between military and academic and between military and private practice neurosurgeons was $1,179,259 and $2,445,953, respectively. The military neurosurgeon will have little to no medical school debt, whereas the calculated medical school debt of a nonmilitary surgeon was approximately $208,000.

  1. Failure to comply with CMS' new enrollment procedures could impact physicians' cash flow.

    PubMed

    Duffy, Erin M

    2007-01-01

    The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) has instituted big changes in its enrollment procedures that could have a major impact on physician groups that fail to comply with CMS' new requirements. First, tick ... tick ... tick ... time is quickly running out on the chance to obtain, and implement into the flow of your practice, a National Provider Identification number (NPI). The bad news is that the requirement to get an NPI is statutory, meaning it's not going to go away. Second, CMS revamped its Medicare provider enrollment processes in an attempt to reduce enrollment application processing delays. Unfortunately, rather than expedite the enrollment process, CMS' new regulations had the over-all effect of causing even more delays and backlogs in the enrollment process. Providers who do not have an NPI by the required deadline risk potential compliance penalties and payment delays. Therefore, not having an NPI or a Medicare Provider Number can have serious consequences on providers' ability to provide care as well as their bottom line (think cash flow!).

  2. 76 FR 56413 - Building Energy Codes Cost Analysis

    Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

    2011-09-13

    ... the by-zone housing starts of Table 2. \\7\\ See http://rredc.nrel.gov/solar/old_data/nsrdb/tmy2... as an alternative investment rate. Thus the present value, (PV) of a cash flow in year Y (CFy) is...

  3. Say Goodbye to Delinquent Tuition.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Gardner, Daniel D.

    1999-01-01

    Outlines an approach to better collection of delinquent college tuition that connects students with outstanding tuition to lenders. Suggests criteria for selecting an appropriate lender, and highlights benefits both for student motivation to repay debts and for institutional cash flow. (MSE)

  4. Accountability in Adult Farmer Education

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Callanan, Paul J.; Jackson, Dennis L.

    1978-01-01

    Two instructors write about some ideas they have implemented in their farm management program to help measure accountability. They describe the Minnesota Farm Business Analysis, use of the analysis summary book, income tax management, and budgeting and cash flow planning. (MF)

  5. 12 CFR 617.7415 - How does a qualified lender decide to restructure a loan?

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... BORROWER RIGHTS Distressed Loan Restructuring; State Agricultural Loan Mediation Programs § 617.7415 How... plan and cash flow analysis, taking into account income from all sources to be applied to the debt and...

  6. Effect of delayed breeding during the summer on profitability of dairy cows.

    PubMed

    Gobikrushanth, M; De Vries, A; Santos, J E P; Risco, C A; Galvão, K N

    2014-07-01

    The objective of this retrospective observational cohort study, combined with simulation, was to evaluate the effect of extending the voluntary waiting period (VWP) during the summer on profitability on a Florida dairy farm. Data from Holstein cows (n=1,416) that calved between June and September of 2007 and 2008 were used. Cows that calved between June 1 and July 21 (regular group; REG; n=719) were artificially inseminated (AI) for the first time upon estrus detection (ED) after the second PGF₂α of the Presynch protocol administered between 57 and 63 d in milk (DIM), or underwent timed AI using the Ovsynch protocol (TAI) if not detected in estrus. Cows that calved between July 22 and September 18 (extended group; EXT; n=697) underwent AI for the first time after the first or second PGF₂α starting November 14 or November 21 or underwent TAI if not detected in estrus. For second and subsequent AI, all cows underwent AI upon ED or enrolled on TAI after nonpregnancy diagnosis. Following these schemes, average VWP in the REG group and EXT group were 60 and 83 d, respectively. Overall profitability for both experimental and subsequent parities were calculated by subtracting the costs existing of feeding costs ($0.30/kg lactating cow diet; $0.25/kg dry cow diet), breeding costs ($2.65/dose PGF₂α; $2.40/dose GnRH; $0.25/injection administration; $10/semen straw; $5/AI; $3/pregnancy diagnosis), and other costs ($3/d) from the daily revenues with milk sales ($0.44/kg of milk), cow sales ($1.76/kg of live weight), and calf sales ($140/calf). A herd budget simulation was used to predict future cash flow after culling or end of subsequent parity until 6 yr after the start of the study to account for all cash flow consequences of extended VWP. Cows in the EXT group had greater first-service pregnancy per AI (PAI1) but still had greater days open and calving interval. Delaying breeding did not affect total cash flow because the EXT group had greater combined profitability for the experimental parity and subsequent parity but lesser future cash flow. Delayed breeding during the summer increased PAI1 but did not improve overall reproductive efficiency and did not affect overall profitability. Copyright © 2014 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  7. Economic feasibility of converting cow manure to electricity: a case study of the CVPS Cow Power program in Vermont.

    PubMed

    Wang, Q; Thompson, E; Parsons, R; Rogers, G; Dunn, D

    2011-10-01

    A case study of the Central Vermont Public Service Corporation (CVPS) Cow Power program examines the economic feasibility for dairy farms to convert cow manure into electricity via anaerobic methane digestion. The study reviews the mechanism for CVPS, dairy farms, electricity customers, and government agencies to develop and operate the program since 2004, examines the costs and returns for the participating dairy farms, and assesses their cash flow over a period of 7 yr under different scenarios. With 6 dairy farms generating about 12 million kilowatt-hours of electricity per year and more than 4,600 CVPS electricity customers voluntarily paying premiums of $0.04 per kilowatt-hour, or a total of about $470,000 per year, the CVPS Cow Power program represents a successful and locally sourced renewable energy project with many environmental and economic benefits. Factors for the successful development and operation of the program include significant grants from government agencies and other organizations, strong consumer support, timely adjustments to the basic electricity price paid to the farms, and close collaboration among the participating parties. This study confirms that it is technically feasible to convert cow manure to electricity on farms, but the economic returns depend highly on the base electricity price, premium rate, financial supports from government agencies and other organizations, and sales of the byproducts of methane generation. Copyright © 2011 American Dairy Science Association. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  8. Helium process cycle

    DOEpatents

    Ganni, Venkatarao

    2008-08-12

    A unique process cycle and apparatus design separates the consumer (cryogenic) load return flow from most of the recycle return flow of a refrigerator and/or liquefier process cycle. The refrigerator and/or liquefier process recycle return flow is recompressed by a multi-stage compressor set and the consumer load return flow is recompressed by an independent consumer load compressor set that maintains a desirable constant suction pressure using a consumer load bypass control valve and the consumer load return pressure control valve that controls the consumer load compressor's suction pressure. The discharge pressure of this consumer load compressor is thereby allowed to float at the intermediate pressure in between the first and second stage recycle compressor sets. Utilizing the unique gas management valve regulation, the unique process cycle and apparatus design in which the consumer load return flow is separate from the recycle return flow, the pressure ratios of each recycle compressor stage and all main pressures associated with the recycle return flow are allowed to vary naturally, thus providing a naturally regulated and balanced floating pressure process cycle that maintains optimal efficiency at design and off-design process cycle capacity and conditions automatically.

  9. Helium process cycle

    DOEpatents

    Ganni, Venkatarao

    2007-10-09

    A unique process cycle and apparatus design separates the consumer (cryogenic) load return flow from most of the recycle return flow of a refrigerator and/or liquefier process cycle. The refrigerator and/or liquefier process recycle return flow is recompressed by a multi-stage compressor set and the consumer load return flow is recompressed by an independent consumer load compressor set that maintains a desirable constant suction pressure using a consumer load bypass control valve and the consumer load return pressure control valve that controls the consumer load compressor's suction pressure. The discharge pressure of this consumer load compressor is thereby allowed to float at the intermediate pressure in between the first and second stage recycle compressor sets. Utilizing the unique gas management valve regulation, the unique process cycle and apparatus design in which the consumer load return flow is separate from the recycle return flow, the pressure ratios of each recycle compressor stage and all main pressures associated with the recycle return flow are allowed to vary naturally, thus providing a naturally regulated and balanced floating pressure process cycle that maintains optimal efficiency at design and off-design process cycle capacity and conditions automatically.

  10. How much cash does your company need?

    PubMed

    Passov, Richard

    2003-11-01

    In late 2001, the directors of Pfizer asked that very question. And with good reason. After its 2000 merger with rival Warner-Lambert, the New York-based pharmaceutical giant found itself sitting on a net cash position of $8 billion, which seemed extraordinarily conservative for a company whose products generated $30 billion in revenues. Most large companies with revenues that healthy would increase leverage, thereby unlocking tremendous value for shareholders. But knowledge-intensive companies like Pfizer, this author argues, are in a class apart. Because their largely intangible assets (like R&D) are highly volatile and cannot easily be valued, they are more vulnerable to financial distress than are firms with a preponderance of tangible assets. To insure against that risk, they need to maintain large positive cash balances. These companies' decisions to run large cash balances is one of the key reasons their shares sustain consistent premiums. Only by investing in their intangible assets can knowledge-based companies hope to preserve the value of those assets. A company that finds itself unable to do so because unfavorable market conditions reduce its operating cash flows will see its share price suffer almost as much as if it were to default on its debts. By the same token, with the right balance sheet, knowledge companies can profitably insure against the risk of failing to sustain value-added investments in difficult times. An optimal capital structure that calls for significant cash balances is certainly at odds with the results of a traditional capital structure analysis, the author demonstrates, but it explains the financial policies of many well-run companies, from Pfizer to Intel to ChevronTexaco.

  11. Soil, water and nutrient conservation in mountain farming systems: case-study from the Sikkim Himalaya.

    PubMed

    Sharma, E; Rai, S C; Sharma, R

    2001-02-01

    The Khanikhola watershed in Sikkim is agrarian with about 50% area under rain-fed agriculture representing the conditions of the middle mountains all over the Himalaya. The study was conducted to assess overland flow, soil loss and subsequent nutrient losses from different land uses in the watershed, and identify biotechnological inputs for management of mountain farming systems. Overland flow, soil and nutrient losses were very high from open agricultural (cropped) fields compared to other land uses, and more than 72% of nutrient losses were attributable to agriculture land use. Forests and large cardamom agroforestry conserved more soil compared to other land uses. Interventions, like cultivation of broom grass upon terrace risers, N2-fixing Albizia trees for maintenance of soil fertility and plantation of horticulture trees, have reduced the soil loss (by 22%). Soil and water conservation values (> 80%) of both large cardamom and broom grass were higher compared to other crops. Use of N2-fixing Albizia tree in large cardamom agroforestry and croplands contributed to soil fertility, and increased productivity and yield. Bio-composting of farm resources ensured increase in nutrient availability specially phosphorus in cropped areas. Agricultural practices in mountain areas should be strengthened with more agroforestry components, and cash crops like large cardamom and broom grass in agroforestry provide high economic return and are hydroecologically sustainable.

  12. Acknowledging the importance of BAI accounts.

    PubMed

    Levin, Steve

    2011-09-01

    For hospitals, balance after insurance (BAI) refers to revenue from uninsured patients and from patients with patient responsibility after insurance. BAI is a rapidly growing share of hospital revenue as a result of substitution from high-deductible commercial insurance plans-revenue that tends to convert to cash relatively easily and quickly-meaning that an increasing share of hospital cash flow is now due from the patient. Hospitals should make sure that their self-pay patients receive excellent customer service: It not only improves the likelihood of a greater yield, but also-perhaps more important-helps ensure customer loyalty and willingness to recommend the facility to others.

  13. Dialing for Dollars: Telecommunication Pays.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Manning, Sherry

    1999-01-01

    Advances in telecommunications and provision of telecommunications services to college students can increase institutional revenue, improve campus and educational services, and aid in student retention. Colleges and universities have used creative financing to fund initial telecommunications investments and upgrades. Cash flow through student…

  14. Minding Your Business: How to Avoid the Seven Deadly Financial Pitfalls.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Stephens, Keith

    1990-01-01

    Describes financial management problems typically encountered by child care center directors and owners. Offers suggestions for planning and management techniques to overcome problems of cash flow, budgeting, rising costs, underpricing, declining revenues, fee collection, and liquidity. (NH)

  15. Compressed-air energy-storage preliminary design and site-development program in an aquifer. Volume 9: Cost estimate and schedule

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    1982-12-01

    The behavior and suitability of aquifers as compressed-air energy-storage sites is discussed. The engineering and construction schedule, facilities capital-cost estimate, and corresponding cash-flow requirements are given.

  16. Worthington Industries, Incorporated, a Case Study in Employee Motivation Via Recognition and Profit Sharing.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1983-09-01

    productivity and a greater sense of job satisfaction among Department of Defense employees. The Army, Navy, and Air Force were all found to have gain...routine for Worthington Industries, and for the past ten years, its return on shareholders’ equity has averaged 30 percent a year. Cash dividends have also...increased steadily since Worthington Industries’stock went public in 1968, and since 1975, dividend growth has been around 45 percent a year (35

  17. Quantum finance

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Schaden, Martin

    2002-12-01

    Quantum theory is used to model secondary financial markets. Contrary to stochastic descriptions, the formalism emphasizes the importance of trading in determining the value of a security. All possible realizations of investors holding securities and cash is taken as the basis of the Hilbert space of market states. The temporal evolution of an isolated market is unitary in this space. Linear operators representing basic financial transactions such as cash transfer and the buying or selling of securities are constructed and simple model Hamiltonians that generate the temporal evolution due to cash flows and the trading of securities are proposed. The Hamiltonian describing financial transactions becomes local when the profit/loss from trading is small compared to the turnover. This approximation may describe a highly liquid and efficient stock market. The lognormal probability distribution for the price of a stock with a variance that is proportional to the elapsed time is reproduced for an equilibrium market. The asymptotic volatility of a stock in this case is related to the long-term probability that it is traded.

  18. Surviving Tight Times.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Neugebauer, Roger

    2002-01-01

    Discusses several strategies recommended by small business experts to help for-profit and non-profit child care centers survive a financial crisis. Strategies include: identifying the source of the problem, monitoring cash flow, reducing or deferring expenditures, expediting regular income and exploring new sources of income, patiently working…

  19. GASB 35: The New Financial Reporting Requirements for Public College and Universities.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Qayoumi, Mohammad H.

    2001-01-01

    Presents the basic financial reporting elements of the Governmental Accounting Standards Board (GASB-35) for public colleges and universities, including statements of net assets and cash flow reporting. The GASB-35's impact on facilities managers is discussed. (GR)

  20. An Economic Comparison of Passively Conditioned Underground Houses.

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1981-05-01

    15 Heat Transfer ........ ..................... ... 34 Energy Balance and Human Thermal Comfort . ...... ... 41 Conclusion...114 29. Thermal Comfort --Passive Underground House ... ........... .. 117 30. Stable Soil Temperature Depths...121 31. Thermal Comfort --Deep Earth Underground House .. ......... .. 124 32. Life Cycle Cash Flow Diagram--Base Underground House

  1. Have You Explored Leasing as a Vehicle for Equipping Your Center?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Smith, Dennis G.

    1987-01-01

    Explains advantages of leasing child care center equipment to improve cash flow and conserve capital for other center needs. Discusses what equipment can be leased and lists key negotiating points for lease contracts. Gives information about Exchange Leasing, Inc. (NH)

  2. Mystery #4 Answer

    Atmospheric Science Data Center

    2013-04-22

    ... millet and sorghum for subsistence, as well as onions for a cash crop. Several writers, inspired by the studies of the   French ... top of the image, where the Niger River changes direction to flow more directly   eastward. Six hundred years ago, Timbuktu was a central ...

  3. Report: Nevada Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Financial Statements with Independent Auditor's Report

    EPA Pesticide Factsheets

    Examination of the balance sheet of the Nevada Drinking Water State Revolving Fund Program as of June 30, 2001, the related statement of revenues, expenses, and changes in retained earnings, and the statement of 2001 cash flows.

  4. 7 CFR 3560.453 - Workout agreements.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., such as cash flow concerns, budget revisions, deferred maintenance, vacancies, or violations of... operations and management at a housing project; or (iii) A commitment of additional financial resources to... consistent with the borrower's management plan. If proposed actions are not consistent with the borrower's...

  5. Brazilian-Argentine Relations in the 1980s: from Wary Rivalry toward Friendly Competition

    DTIC Science & Technology

    1985-03-01

    viability of countertrade , inward vs. outward orientations, internal stability, regime compatibility, comparative "advantage, political status of neighbors... countertrade or clearing-house type reciprocal credit accounts deals are established on a regular basis. The range of complementarity may be broad, but each...Success of countertrade or reciprocal credit clearing house accounting, to ease the cash flow bind. 2. Redirection of trade flows and concession of mutual

  6. Best Practices Guide for Conducting Assessments in Counterinsurgencies

    DTIC Science & Technology

    2011-08-17

    linked, neighbor states could be rationing access due to lack of support for the nation’s government or a dispute over refugee flows ). It is...support requirements. A key element of this partnership is an open sharing agreement that promotes the free flow of information and strong situational...force (shortage of their own forces, availability of cash , effectiveness of this tactic relative to other tactics), etc. In any case, whether an

  7. Heat Flow vs. Cash Flow: A Banking Analogy

    NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

    Wynn, Charles M., Sr.

    1997-04-01

    An analogy is drawn between the withdrawal of money from an automated teller machine (ATM) and an exothermic chemical reaction. In the analogy the amount in an individual's account is regarded as the system and the money withdrawn is regarded as part of the surroundings. Diagrams are used to present the analogy. An analogy can be drawn also between a deposit into an account and an endothermic chemical reaction.

  8. Material incentives and enablers in the management of tuberculosis.

    PubMed

    Lutge, Elizabeth E; Wiysonge, Charles Shey; Knight, Stephen E; Volmink, Jimmy

    2012-01-18

    Patient adherence to medications, particularly for conditions requiring prolonged treatment such as tuberculosis, is frequently less than ideal, and can result in poor treatment outcomes. Material incentives (given as cash, vouchers and tokens), have been used to improve adherence. To assess the effects of material incentives in people undergoing diagnostic testing, or receiving prophylactic or curative therapy, for tuberculosis. We undertook a comprehensive search of the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register; Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL); MEDLINE; EMBASE; LILACS; Science Citation Index; and reference lists of relevant publications; to 22 June 2011. Randomized controlled trials of material incentives in patients being investigated for tuberculosis, or on treatment for latent or active disease. At least two authors independently screened and selected studies, extracted data, and assessed the risk of bias. The effects of interventions are compared using risk ratios (RR), and presented with 95% confidence intervals (CI). The quality of the evidence was assessed using GRADE. We identified 11 eligible studies. Ten were conducted in the USA: in adolescents (one trial), in injection drug or cocaine users (four trials), in homeless adults (three trials), and in prisoners (two trials). One additional trial recruited malnourished men receiving active treatment for tuberculosis in Timor-Leste.Material incentives may increase the return rate for reading of tuberculin skin test results compared to normal care (two trials, 1371 participants: RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.41 to 3.29, low quality evidence).Similarly, incentives probably improve clinic re-attendance for initiation or continuation of antituberculosis prophylaxis (three trials, 595 participants: RR 1.58, 95% CI 1.27 to 1.96, moderate quality evidence), and may improve subsequent completion of prophylaxis in some settings (three trials, 869 participants: RR 1.79, 95% CI 0.70 to 4.58, low quality evidence).We currently don't know if incentives can improve long-term adherence and completion of antituberculosis treatment for active disease. Only one trial has assessed this and the incentive, given as a daily hot meal, was not well received by the population due to the inconvenience of attending the clinic at midday (one trial, 265 participants, RR 0.98, 95%CI 0.86 to 1.12, very low quality evidence).Several trials have compared different forms or levels of incentive. These comparisons remain limited to single trials and robust conclusions cannot be made. In summary, cash incentives may be more effective than non-cash incentives (return for test results: one trial, 651 participants: RR 1.13, 95%CI 1.07 to 1.19, low quality evidence, adherence to tuberculosis prophylaxis: one trial, 141 participants: RR 1.26, 95%CI 1.02 to 1.56, low quality evidence) and higher amounts of cash may be more effective than lower amounts (return for test results: one trial, 404 participants: RR 1.08, 95%CI 1.01 to 1.16, low quality evidence).Material incentives may also be more effective than motivational education at improving return for tuberculin skin test results (low quality evidence), but may be no more effective than peer counselling, or structured education at improving continuation or completion of prophylaxis (low quality evidence). There is limited evidence to support the use of material incentives to improve return rates for tuberculosis diagnostic test results and adherence to antituberculosis preventive therapy. The data are currently limited to trials among predominantly male drug users, homeless, and prisoner subpopulations in the USA, and therefore the results are not easily generalised to the wider adult population, or to low- and middle-income countries, where the tuberculosis burden is highest.Further high-quality studies are needed to assess both the costs and effectiveness of incentives to improve adherence to long-term treatment of tuberculosis.

  9. Stock or cash? The trade-offs for buyers and sellers in mergers and acquisitions.

    PubMed

    Rappaport, A; Sirower, M L

    1999-01-01

    In 1988, less than 2% of large deals were paid for entirely in stock; by 1998, that number had risen to 50%. The shift has profound ramifications for shareholders of both the acquiring and acquired companies. In this article, the authors provide a framework and two simple tools to guide boards of both companies through the issues they need to consider when making decisions about how to pay for--and whether to accept--a deal. First an acquirer has to decide whether to finance the deal using stock or pay cash. Second, if the acquirer decides to issue stock, it then must decide whether to offer a fixed value of shares or a fixed number of them. Offering cash places all the potential risks and rewards with the acquirer--and sends a strong signal to the markets that it has confidence in the value not only of the deal but in its own stock. By issuing shares, however, an acquirer in essence offers to share the newly merged company with the stockholders of the acquired company--a signal the market often interprets as a lack of confidence in the value of the acquirer's stock. Offering a fixed number of shares reinforces that impression because it requires the selling stockholders to share the risk that the value of the acquirer's stock will decline before the deal goes through. Offering a fixed value of shares sends a more confident signal to the markets, as the acquirer assumes all of that risk. The choice between cash and stock should never be made without full and careful consideration of the potential consequences. The all-too-frequent disappointing returns from stock transactions underscore how important the method of payment truly is.

  10. Code Conversion Impact Factor and Cash Flow Impact of International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision, on a Large Multihospital Radiology Practice.

    PubMed

    Jalilvand, Aryan; Fleming, Margaret; Moreno, Courtney; MacFarlane, Dan; Duszak, Richard

    2018-01-01

    The 2015 conversion of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD) system from the ninth revision (ICD-9) to the 10th revision (ICD-10) was widely projected to adversely impact physician practices. We aimed to assess code conversion impact factor (CCIF) projections and revenue delay impact to help radiology groups better prepare for eventual conversion to ICD, 11th revision (ICD-11). Studying 673,600 claims for 179 radiologists for the first year after ICD-10's implementation, we identified primary ICD-10 codes for the top 90th percentile of all examinations for the entire enterprise and each subspecialty division. Using established methodology, we calculated CCIFs (actual ICD-10 codes ÷ prior ICD-9 codes). To assess ICD-10's impact on cash flow, average monthly days in accounts receivable status was compared for the 12 months before and after conversion. Of all 69,823 ICD-10 codes, only 7,075 were used to report primary diagnoses across the entire practice, and just 562 were used to report 90% of all claims, compared with 348 under ICD-9. This translates to an overall CCIF of 1.6 for the department (far less than the literature-predicted 6). By subspecialty division, CCIFs ranged from 0.7 (breast) to 3.5 (musculoskeletal). Monthly average days in accounts receivable for the 12 months before and after ICD-10 conversion did not increase. The operational impact of the ICD-10 transition on radiology practices appears far less than anticipated with respect to both CCIF and delays in cash flow. Predictive models should be refined to help practices better prepare for ICD-11. Copyright © 2017 American College of Radiology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

  11. Strategic biopharmaceutical portfolio development: an analysis of constraint-induced implications.

    PubMed

    George, Edmund D; Farid, Suzanne S

    2008-01-01

    Optimizing the structure and development pathway of biopharmaceutical drug portfolios are core concerns to the developer that come with several attached complexities. These include strategic decisions for the choice of drugs, the scheduling of critical activities, and the possible involvement of third parties for development and manufacturing at various stages for each drug. Additional complexities that must be considered include the impact of making such decisions in an uncertain environment. Presented here is the development of a stochastic multi-objective optimization framework designed to address these issues. The framework harnesses the ability of Bayesian networks to characterize the probabilistic structure of superior decisions via machine learning and evolve them to multi-objective optimality. Case studies that entailed three- and five-drug portfolios alongside a range of cash flow constraints were constructed to derive insight from the framework where results demonstrate that a variety of options exist for formulating nondominated strategies in the objective space considered, giving the manufacturer a range of pursuable options. In all cases limitations on cash flow reduce the potential for generating profits for a given probability of success. For the sizes of portfolio considered, results suggest that naïvely applying strategies optimal for a particular size of portfolio to a portfolio of another size is inappropriate. For the five-drug portfolio the most preferred means for development across the set of optimized strategies is to fully integrate development and commercial activities in-house. For the three-drug portfolio, the preferred means of development involves a mixture of in-house, outsourced, and partnered activities. Also, the size of the portfolio appears to have a larger impact on strategy and the quality of objectives than the magnitude of cash flow constraint.

  12. Female autonomy, the family, and industrialization in Java.

    PubMed

    Wolf, D L

    1988-03-01

    It is generally argued that industrialization has an adverse affect on the position of women due to their exclusion from industrial employment and the resulting erosion of their status. This article addresses a case study of the question of gender stratification and industrialization by analyzing the relationship between factory daughters and their families in Java, Indonesia. From an initial 1-month daily survey of income and expenditures conducted among 14 workers in Nuwun, Wolf found that although they contributed 28% of their wages to the family, in cash or in kind, they overspent their wages by 40%. She then designed a more extensive survey, including questions about access to other income, debts, and savings. To determine if the relationship between daughters and family economy was related to residence, she expanded the survey to include 3 different groups of workers: commuters, migrants, and residents. Commuters lived with their parents in the agricultural village, Nuwan, and were the sole focus of the 1st income survey. Migrants were boarders in an industrialized village, Pamit, and residents walked to work. Single women are the focus of this paper due to the very different contribution daughters can potentially make to the family's welfare. The case study suggests that industrialization at the very least maintains, and may even enhance, female status within the family. To summarize, if a family can release a daughter for factory employment and can forgo the returns from her labor, there are eventual benefits for both the worker and her family. Worker-daughters are less of a financial burden on families. The savings provide surplus income that is not used for subsistence needs. Families gain tangible status goods that are displayed in the house and, at the same time, have access to insurance for crises and cash needs. Daughters, on the other hand, choose what to purchase and for whom. They gain prestige as donors of thoughtful gifts to family members, and gifts are symbols of independence. They also gain prestige as providers of emergency aid. These contributions bring them higher status than would remitting a steady but tiny flow of cash to the family economy. Wolf compares this Southeast Asian case with the East Asian experience to demonstrate the important role family systems play in mediating the effects of industrialization upon women and family change.

  13. 12 CFR 34.3 - General rule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ..., for example, the borrower's current and expected income, current and expected cash flows, net worth, other relevant financial resources, current financial obligations, employment status, credit history, or... thereunder in connection with loans made under this part. [68 FR 70131, Dec. 17, 2003, as amended at 69 FR...

  14. 12 CFR 34.3 - General rule.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

    2011-01-01

    ..., for example, the borrower's current and expected income, current and expected cash flows, net worth, other relevant financial resources, current financial obligations, employment status, credit history, or... thereunder in connection with loans made under this part. [68 FR 70131, Dec. 17, 2003, as amended at 69 FR...

  15. 12 CFR 715.2 - Definitions used in this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

    2012-01-01

    ... of cash flows. (b) Compensated person refers to any accounting/auditing professional, excluding a... financial data, including accompanying notes, derived from accounting records of the credit union, and... therein for a period of time, in conformity with GAAP, as defined herein, or regulatory accounting...

  16. 12 CFR 715.2 - Definitions used in this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

    2014-01-01

    ... of cash flows. (b) Compensated person refers to any accounting/auditing professional, excluding a... financial data, including accompanying notes, derived from accounting records of the credit union, and... therein for a period of time, in conformity with GAAP, as defined herein, or regulatory accounting...

  17. 12 CFR 715.2 - Definitions used in this part.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

    2013-01-01

    ... of cash flows. (b) Compensated person refers to any accounting/auditing professional, excluding a... financial data, including accompanying notes, derived from accounting records of the credit union, and... therein for a period of time, in conformity with GAAP, as defined herein, or regulatory accounting...

  18. Negotiating with Subscription Agencies.

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    McQueen, Judy; Basch, N. Bernard

    1991-01-01

    This first in a two-part series on how librarians can negotiate services and prices with subscription agencies focuses on how vendors operate. Factors that influence agency costs, revenues, and service charges are described, including economies of scale, discounts from publishers, and prepayment and cash flow. (seven references) (LRW)

  19. 7 CFR 4290.620 - Requirements to obtain information from Portfolio Concerns.

    Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

    2010-01-01

    ... English. (a) Information for initial Financing decision. Before extending any Financing, you must require... financing proceeds), cash flow analyses, projections, and such economic development information about the Enterprise, as are necessary to support your investment decision. The information submitted must be...

  20. Is Your Sick Leave Bank in Good Health?

    ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

    Hoover, James P.

    2012-01-01

    Sick leave banks are a common staple of teacher contracts. Although these banks may benefit employees, they expose school districts to a variety of complications and unintended consequences, including administrative complexity, potential cash flow implications, cost disparities, increased absenteeism, instructional instability, privacy issues, and…

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