Development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS).

PubMed

Konrath, Sara; Meier, Brian P; Bushman, Brad J

2014-01-01

The narcissistic personality is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and low empathy. This paper describes the development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Although the use of longer instruments is superior in most circumstances, we recommend the SINS in some circumstances (e.g. under serious time constraints, online studies). In 11 independent studies (total N = 2,250), we demonstrate the SINS' psychometric properties. The SINS is significantly correlated with longer narcissism scales, but uncorrelated with self-esteem. It also has high test-retest reliability. We validate the SINS in a variety of samples (e.g., undergraduates, nationally representative adults), intrapersonal correlates (e.g., positive affect, depression), and interpersonal correlates (e.g., aggression, relationship quality, prosocial behavior). The SINS taps into the more fragile and less desirable components of narcissism. The SINS can be a useful tool for researchers, especially when it is important to measure narcissism with constraints preventing the use of longer measures.

Multi-technology Investigation of the Atomic Structure of Calcium Silicate Hydrates

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geng, Guoqing; Kilcoyne, David A.; Benmore, Chris J.

2015-01-01

In this study, synthetic C-S-H samples were investigated to reveal the feature at atomic scale. Rietveld refinement was applied to high resolution X-ray scattering data, yielding the lattice constants of the pseudocrystal structure, as well as the crystallinity along three axes. Near Edge X-ray Absorption Fine Structure (NEXAFS) spectra was collected at calcium L3,2-edge. Evolution of calcium coordination symmetry were studied by investigating spectra characteristics. Pair Distribution Function (PDF) study yields the statistics of atom pair distribution. Coordination number of Ca and Si were obtained by integrating Radial distribution function. Atomic model based on dimeric structure were discussed and comparedmore » with experimental data. Synthetic C-S-H samples with increasing Ca/Si ratio exhibit pseudo-crystal structure, resembling Dreierketten configuration similar to natural tobermorite structure. Along c-axis, the repeated structure could not survives two layers in case of low Ca/Si ratio (0.70, 1.05). But in high Ca/Si ratio (1.42) case, the crystallinity along c-axis is much bigger. The coordination number of Ca decreases with increasing Ca/Si ratio. Octahedrally coordinated Ca are observed in sample with Ca/Si ratio of 1.42. Various dimeric models are compared with experimental data. In case of Ca/Si ratio of 1.42, SiO4 tetrahedron chain needs to be shortened in linkage, most probably by substituting bridging SiO4 tetrahedron with CaO6 octahedron. These octahedrons in interlayer space act like pins to join two adjacent layer structures together. The crystallinity is thus increased along c-axis, and average coordination number is therefore reduced. In case of Ca/Si 1.05, crystallinity is low along c-axis since, indicating that not too many Ca ions exist in interlayer space to hold two layers together. Instead, negative charge of end oxygen could be balanced by proton. Ca/Si 0.70 has long tetrahedron chain linkage within layer while the linkage between adjacent layers are not strong, resulting in low crystallinity along c-axis. Neither Ca/Si ratio 0.70 nor 1.42 sample contains any Ca in octahedral symmetry, as indicated by the weak crystal field splitting of NEXAFS spectra.« less

Carotid intima-media thickness and arterial stiffness in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus.

PubMed

Su-Angka, N; Khositseth, A; Vilaiyuk, S; Tangnararatchakit, K; Prangwatanagul, W

2017-08-01

Objectives The carotid intima-media thickness (CIMT) and carotid arterial stiffness index (CASI) act as the surrogate markers of atherosclerosis. We aim to assess CIMT and CASI in pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods Patients ≤ 20 years old fulfilling diagnostic criteria for SLE were enrolled. Patients with active smoking, coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, arterial thrombosis, family history of hypercholesterolemia, chronic liver disease, or other chronic severe diseases were excluded. The patients were categorized into four groups: active SLE, age- and sex-matched control (control A), inactive SLE, and age- and sex-matched control (control I), according to the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). All subjects underwent ultrasound of carotid arteries to evaluate CIMT and CASI. Results One hundred and two SLE patients (26 active and 76 inactive) and one hundred and three healthy controls (26 control A and 77 control I) were enrolled. The median CIMT in all groups were not significantly different (0.43, 0.41-0.44; 0.43, 0.41-0.44; 0.42, 0.41-0.43; and 0.42, 0.41-0.43 mm, respectively).The CASI in active SLE (13.5, 11.4-17.3) was significantly higher than in control A (8.2, 7.2-9.2) ( p < 0.0001), whereas CASI in inactive SLE (12.7, 10.9-15.7) was significantly higher than in control I (8.9, 7.6-9.8). However, the CASI in active and inactive SLE was not significantly different. Conclusions The higher CASI in active and inactive pediatric SLE, implying functional change of carotid arteries, may be early evidence of increased atherosclerosis in pediatric SLE. This functional dysfunction has been found both in inactive and active SLE.

Development and Validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS)

PubMed Central

Konrath, Sara; Meier, Brian P.; Bushman, Brad J.

2014-01-01

Main Objectives The narcissistic personality is characterized by grandiosity, entitlement, and low empathy. This paper describes the development and validation of the Single Item Narcissism Scale (SINS). Although the use of longer instruments is superior in most circumstances, we recommend the SINS in some circumstances (e.g. under serious time constraints, online studies). Methods In 11 independent studies (total N = 2,250), we demonstrate the SINS' psychometric properties. Results The SINS is significantly correlated with longer narcissism scales, but uncorrelated with self-esteem. It also has high test-retest reliability. We validate the SINS in a variety of samples (e.g., undergraduates, nationally representative adults), intrapersonal correlates (e.g., positive affect, depression), and interpersonal correlates (e.g., aggression, relationship quality, prosocial behavior). The SINS taps into the more fragile and less desirable components of narcissism. Significance The SINS can be a useful tool for researchers, especially when it is important to measure narcissism with constraints preventing the use of longer measures. PMID:25093508

CASIS PCG 6

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-06-06

iss052e000508 (June 6, 2017) --- View of astronaut Jack Fischer working with the Neutron Crystallographic Studies of Human Acetylcholinesterase for the Design of Accelerated Reactivators (CASIS PCG 6) experiment in the Japanese Experiment Module

Mouse Sensitization and Exposure Are Associated with Asthma Severity in Urban Children.

PubMed

Grant, Torie; Aloe, Charles; Perzanowski, Matthew; Phipatanakul, Wanda; Bollinger, Mary E; Miller, Rachel; Matsui, Elizabeth C

Mouse sensitization and exposure are associated with uncontrolled asthma, but whether they are associated with asthma severity, an intrinsic disease characteristic and long-term outcome predictor, is unclear. To examine relationships between mouse sensitization and/or exposure and asthma severity in urban children. A total of 645 children (5-17 years) with uncontrolled asthma underwent mouse sensitization evaluation. Sensitized children had mouse allergen measured in bedroom dust. Relationships between mouse sensitization, allergen levels, and asthma severity measures (treatment step and Composite Asthma Severity Index [CASI]) were examined using regression models adjusted for age, sex, atopy, study site, race, ethnicity, and insurance. The study population was predominantly minority (69.6% black, 20.8% Hispanic), low income (61.8%), and mouse sensitized (54.4%). Mean ± SD treatment step was 3.2 ± 1.6, equivalent to medium-dose inhaled corticosteroid. Mean ± SD CASI was 6.5 ± 3.4, reflecting moderate persistent asthma. Mouse sensitization was associated with higher treatment step (3.5 vs 2.9, mouse-sensitized vs nonsensitized, P < .001), independent of potential confounders (β [95% CI], 0.36 [0.07-0.64]; P = .01). Mouse sensitization was associated independently with CASI (β [95% CI], 0.82 [0.16-1.47]; P = .02). Among mouse-sensitized participants, higher bedroom floor and bed Mus m 1 were independently associated with treatment step (β [95% CI], 0.26 [0.09-0.43]; P = .002 and β [95% CI], 0.22 [0.01-0.43]; P = .04), respectively. Higher bedroom floor Mus m 1 was independently associated with CASI (β [95% CI], 0.43 [0.05-0.81]; P = .03). Mouse sensitization and exposure are associated with asthma severity, among low-income, minority children. Further studies are needed to determine whether reducing allergen exposure among mouse-sensitized patients with asthma can reduce severity, ultimately altering childhood asthma natural history. Copyright © 2016 American Academy of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Crash analysis, statistics & information notebook 1996-2003

DOT National Transportation Integrated Search

2004-11-01

The Department of Motor Vehicle Safety is proud to present the Crash Analysis, Statistics & : Information (CASI) Notebook 1996-2003. DMVS developed the CASI Notebooks to provide : straightforward, easy to understand crash information. Each page or ta...

Salpingitis Isthmica Nodosa: Technical Success and Outcome of Fluoroscopic Transcervical Fallopian Tube Recanalization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Houston, J. Graeme; Machan, Lindsay S.

1998-01-15

Purpose: To evaluate the technical success and outcome of fallopian tube recanalization (FTR) in salpingitis isthmica nodosa (SIN). Methods: SIN is a well-recognized pathological condition affecting the proximal fallopian tube and is associated with infertility and ectopic pregnancy. We reviewed the presentations, films, and case records of all patients attending for FTR for infertility from 1990 to 1994. Technical success and total, intrauterine, and ectopic pregnancy rates at follow-up were determined. Results: SIN was observed in 22 of 349 (6%) patients. FTR was attempted in 34 tubes in these 22 patients. Technical success was achieved in 23 of 34 (68%)more » tubes affected by SIN. In 5 of the 11 failed recanalizations, failure was due to distal obstruction. At least one tube was patent on selective postprocedural salpingography in 17 of 22 (77%) patients. There were no recorded perforations or complications. At follow-up (mean 14 months), total, intrauterine, and ectopic pregnancy rates were 23%, 18%, and 4.5%, respectively. Conclusion: FTR in SIN is technically successful and, compared with previously reported results in unselected infertility patients, is associated with only a slightly less favorable intrauterine pregnancy rate and a comparable ectopic pregnancy rate. The findings of SIN at FTR should not discourage attempted fluoroscopic transcervical recanalization.« less

Mode of action studies on the formation of enamel minerals from a novel toothpaste containing calcium silicate and sodium phosphate salts.

PubMed

Sun, Yuekui; Li, Xiaoke; Deng, Yan; Sun, Jianing N; Tao, DanYing; Chen, Hui; Hu, Qinghong; Liu, Renjiang; Liu, Weining; Feng, Xiping; Wang, Jinfang; Carvell, Mel; Joiner, Andrew

2014-06-01

To investigate in vitro and in situ the deposition and formation of hydroxyapatite (HAP) on enamel surfaces following brushing with a novel toothpaste containing calcium silicate (CaSi), sodium phosphate salts and fluoride. Polished enamel blocks were brushed in vitro with a slurry of the CaSi toothpaste. After one brush and four weeks simulated brushing the enamel surfaces were analysed. In an in situ protocol, enamel blocks were attached to first or second molar teeth of healthy subjects, exposed to 4 weeks twice per day brushing with the CaSi toothpaste and then analysed. The surface deposits were analysed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and selected area electron diffraction (SAED). In addition, the CaSi toothpaste was slurried in simulated oral fluid (SOF) over a 3 hour period and the solids were isolated and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The FTIR study demonstrated that calcium phosphate phases had formed and these became increasingly crystalline over 3 hours. CaSi was deposited onto enamel surfaces following one brushing with the toothpaste in vitro.The deposited particles showed evidence of HAP crystalline phases associated with the CaSi. Following 4 weeks brushing in vitro, the deposition increased and analyses showed that the deposited material was HAP. These results were confirmed by the in situ study. Calcium silicate can be deposited onto enamel surfaces from a novel toothpaste formulation where it can form the enamel mineral HAP. A novel toothpaste formulation containing CaSi can form HAP on enamel surfaces. The potential of this technology is for a novel approach to the repair of demineralised enamel and the protection of enamel during acid exposure. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

77 FR 12327 - Notice of Lodging of RCRA Consent Decree

Federal Register 2010, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014

2012-02-29

.../k/a Casie Ecology Oil Salvage, Inc. and Mid-Atlantic Recycling Technologies, Inc.), Civil Action No..., and should refer to United States v. Pure Earth Recycling, Inc. (f/k/a Casie Ecology Oil Salvage, Inc...

Cross-cultural adaptation of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5) for use in central and south-western Uganda: the CHAKA project.

PubMed

Mpango, Richard Stephen; Kinyanda, Eugene; Rukundo, Godfrey Zari; Gadow, Kenneth D; Patel, Vikram

2017-10-01

Our study was to examine the applicability of translating and culturally adapting the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory-5 (CASI-5) for use in Uganda. This process followed guidelines recommended by the International Test Commission. A number of the CASI-5 concepts needed to be revised to capture the idioms for emotional, behavioural disorders and individual functioning among children and adolescents in Uganda. Our experience is that before introduction into another culture, psychological assessment instruments should undergo an adaptation process such as as the one used.

Structural changes in C–S–H gel during dissolution: Small-angle neutron scattering and Si-NMR characterization

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Trapote-Barreira, Ana, E-mail: anatrapotebarreira@gmail.com; Porcar, Lionel; Large Scale Structure Group, Institut Laue Langevin, Grenoble

2015-06-15

Flow-through experiments were conducted to study the calcium–silicate–hydrate (C–S–H) gel dissolution kinetics. During C–S–H gel dissolution the initial aqueous Ca/Si ratio decreases to reach the stoichiometric value of the Ca/Si ratio of a tobermorite-like phase (Ca/Si = 0.83). As the Ca/Si ratio decreases, the solid C–S–H dissolution rate increases from (4.5 × 10{sup −} {sup 14} to 6.7 × 10{sup −} {sup 12}) mol m{sup −} {sup 2} s{sup −} {sup 1}. The changes in the microstructure of the dissolving C–S–H gel were characterized by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and {sup 29}Si magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance ({sup 29}Si-MAS NMR). Themore » SANS data were fitted using a fractal model. The SANS specific surface area tends to increase with time and the obtained fit parameters reflect the changes in the nanostructure of the dissolving solid C–S–H within the gel. The {sup 29}Si MAS NMR analyses show that with dissolution the solid C–S–H structure tends to a more ordered tobermorite structure, in agreement with the Ca/Si ratio evolution.« less

Sharps injury reduction: a six-year, three-phase study comparing use of a small patient-room sharps disposal container with a larger engineered container

PubMed Central

Naisoro, W

2014-01-01

A 350-bed Sydney hospital noted excessive container-associated sharps injuries (CASI) using small sharps containers and compared the effect from 2004 to 2010 of using a larger container engineered to reduce CASI. In Phase 1 (Ph1), disposable 1.4L containers (BD Australia) were carried to/from patients’ rooms. In Phase 2 (Ph2), this stopped and a safety-engineered 32L reusable container (the Device; Sharpsmart, SteriHealth) was mounted in medication stations only and sharps were carried to and from patient rooms using kidney dishes. In Phase 3 (Ph3), the Device was wall-mounted in patient rooms. Sharps injuries were categorised as ‘during-procedure’, ‘after-procedure but before disposal’, ‘CASI’, and ‘improper disposal SI’. Disposal-related SI comprised CASI plus improper-disposal SI. Injuries per 100 full-time-equivalent staff were analysed using Chi2; p ≤ 0.05; and relative risk and 95% confidence limits were calculated. In Ph1 (small containers) 19.4% of SI were CASI and transport injuries were zero. In Ph2 (Device in medication station) CASI fell 94.9% (p <0.001); Disposal-related SI fell 71.1% (p=0.002) but transport injuries rose significantly. In Ph3 (Device in patient room) zero CASI occurred (p<0.001); Disposal-related SI fell 83.1% (p=0.001). Recapping SI fell 85.1% (p=0.01) with the Device. The Device’s volume, large aperture, passive overfill-protection and close-at-hand siting are postulated as SI reduction factors. PMID:28989381

Management of Central Venous Access Device-Associated Skin Impairment: An Evidence-Based Algorithm.

PubMed

Broadhurst, Daphne; Moureau, Nancy; Ullman, Amanda J

Patients relying on central venous access devices (CVADs) for treatment are frequently complex. Many have multiple comorbid conditions, including renal impairment, nutritional deficiencies, hematologic disorders, or cancer. These conditions can impair the skin surrounding the CVAD insertion site, resulting in an increased likelihood of skin damage when standard CVAD management practices are employed. Supported by the World Congress of Vascular Access (WoCoVA), developed an evidence- and consensus-based algorithm to improve CVAD-associated skin impairment (CASI) identification and diagnosis, guide clinical decision-making, and improve clinician confidence in managing CASI. A scoping review of relevant literature surrounding CASI management was undertaken March 2014, and results were distributed to an international advisory panel. A CASI algorithm was developed by an international advisory panel of clinicians with expertise in wounds, vascular access, pediatrics, geriatric care, home care, intensive care, infection control and acute care, using a 2-phase, modified Delphi technique. The algorithm focuses on identification and treatment of skin injury, exit site infection, noninfectious exudate, and skin irritation/contact dermatitis. It comprised 3 domains: assessment, skin protection, and patient comfort. External validation of the algorithm was achieved by prospective pre- and posttest design, using clinical scenarios and self-reported clinician confidence (Likert scale), and incorporating algorithm feasibility and face validity endpoints. The CASI algorithm was found to significantly increase participants' confidence in the assessment and management of skin injury (P = .002), skin irritation/contact dermatitis (P = .001), and noninfectious exudate (P < .01). A majority of participants reported the algorithm as easy to understand (24/25; 96%), containing all necessary information (24/25; 96%). Twenty-four of 25 (96%) stated that they would recommend the tool to guide management of CASI.

KSC-2011-6855

NASA Image and Video Library

2011-09-09

CAPE CANAVERAL, Fla. – Panelists conduct a question and answer session with news media after NASA awards a cooperative agreement with the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) to manage the portion of the International Space Station that operates as a U.S. national laboratory. From left are: Waleed Abdalati, NASA chief scientist; Mark Uhran, NASA assistant associate administrator for the International Space Station; and Jeanne Becker, CASIS executive director. CASIS will be located at the Space Life Sciences Laboratory at NASA’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida. The organization will increase station use to maximize the public’s return on its investment by managing its diversified research and development portfolio based on needs for basic and applied research in a variety of fields. CASIS will identify opportunities for non-NASA uses linking scientific review and economic value, and will match potential research and development opportunities with funding sources. The organization also will increase awareness among schools and students about using the station as a learning platform. Photo credit: NASA/Kim Shiflett

Machine-Aided Indexing at NASA.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Silvester, June P.; And Others

1994-01-01

Describes the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Lexical Dictionary (NLD), a machine-aided indexing system used online at the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI). The functions of NLD system components are described in detail, and production and quality benefits resulting from machine-aided indexing at CASI are…

Invasive species change detection using artificial neural networks and CASI hyperspectral imagery

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

For monitoring and controlling the extent and intensity of an invasive species, a direct multi-date image classification method was applied in invasive species (saltcedar) change detection in the study area of Lovelock, Nevada. With multi-date Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspec...

Foco Nasmyth para el telescopio 2,15mts. de CASLEO

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Casagrande, A. R.

En principio, este proyecto intenta lograr el mayor aprovechamiento posible del instrumental que se dispone, buscando la manera de optimizar y hacer más eficiente el servicio que brinda el CASLEO a la comunidad astronómica. El mismo consiste en utilizar dispositivos ya existentes en el telescopio, y darle una utilidad. Tal es el caso del camino óptico destinado al foco Coude. Si tenemos en cuenta que disponemos de un tercer espejo Coude, con todos sus mecanismos automatizados, (actualmente sin uso), una distancia apropiada del plano focal, el espacio y el lugar físico necesario para instalar un periférico, es posible la habilitación de un foco Nasmyth en el telescopio 2,15mts. El hecho de contar con este nuevo foco, redundará en importantes beneficios. En primer lugar, posibilitará la observación, casi simultánea, con dos instrumentos. Otro aspecto a tener en cuenta, es que disminuirá el frecuente cambio del instrumental periférico, motivo este que degrada su ideal puesta a punto. Por último, también de interés, es de destacar su escaso costo de ejecución.

48 CFR 1852.235-70 - Center for AeroSpace Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... avail itself of the services provided by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) (http://www.sti.nasa.gov) for the conduct of research or research and development required under this contract. CASI provides a variety of services and products as a NASA repository and database of research...

48 CFR 1852.235-70 - Center for AeroSpace Information.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... avail itself of the services provided by the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) (http://www.sti.nasa.gov) for the conduct of research or research and development required under this contract. CASI provides a variety of services and products as a NASA repository and database of research...

Sorption Behavior of Eu(III) into CSH Gel in Imitated Saline Groundwater - 12145

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Funabashi, Taihei; Niibori, Yuichi; Mimura, Hitoshi

2012-07-01

The sorption behavior of Eu(III) (europium (III)) into CSH (Calcium Silicate Hydrate) gel without dried processes was examined in imitated saline groundwater by using the spectro-fluorometer, Raman spectrophotometer and ICP-AES (Inductively Coupled Plasma- Atomic Emission Spectrometry). Ca/Si ratio was set to 0.4, 0.8, 1.2 and 1.6, and NaCl concentration was also set to 0.6, 0.06 and 0.006. The synthesis of each sample was conducted in a glove box saturated with nitrogen gas. The sealed sample tubes were gently shaken with 120 strokes/min. The time-period to contact Eu(III) with the CSH gel was set to 60 days. The fluorescence emission spectramore » suggested the incorporation of Eu{sup 3+} into CSH gel in the high Ca/Si ratio samples. On the other hand, from the decay behavior of fluorescence emission spectra, even in the low Ca/Si ratio samples, sorption behavior of Eu{sup 3+} into CSH gel was confirmed. Besides, the Raman spectra showed that the degree of polymerization of Si-O in CSH gel was raised with increasing Na ions concentration. These results suggest that the CSH gel, formed as secondary mineral, would retard the migration of radionuclides even in saline groundwater. Considering the inflow of saline groundwater into repository, this study examined the interaction between CSH gel (without dry processes) and Eu{sup 3+} by using the fluorescence emission spectra, the decay behavior of fluorescence and the Raman spectra. As a result, the fluorescence emission spectra of the sample of more than 0.8 Ca/Si ratio confirmed the intensity split into two peaks around 618 nm (5D0→7F2 transition). Furthermore, even in relatively low Ca/Si ratio samples, the fluorescence lifetimes both of the surface sorption sample and the co-precipitated samples exceeded that of the filtrate sample. These suggested that Eu{sup 3+} is not only hydrolyzed to form Eu(OH){sub 3} colloid, but is also stably incorporated into CSH gel (in Ca/Si ratio>1.2) or is forming complex on the surface of solid phase (in Ca/Si<0.8) in the co-presence of Na ions. On the other hand, the concentrations of Na, Ca and Si after 60 days in the solution filtrated through 0.2 μm membrane filter showed the ion exchange of Ca and Eu apparently in the samples of low Ca/Si ratio. Besides, in the samples with high Ca/Si ratio, Ca and Si concentrations in the solution were raised with increment of initial Na concentration. While Na ions may slightly increase the solubility of CSH gel, the CSH samples were stable, mostly maintaining the initial Ca/Si ratio synthesized. Moreover, the Raman spectra showed that the degree of polymerization of silicate chain in CSH samples increased with increasing Na concentration. Such an immobilized Na into the structure of CSH gel did not obstruct the incorporation of Eu{sup 3+} into CSH gel. The results mentioned above suggested that CSH gel (formed as a secondary mineral around the repository) also can retard the migration of radionuclides even if the repository and its surrounding are saturated by saline groundwater. (authors)« less

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Yin, Qingqiao; Xia, Yuanyu, E-mail: xiayuanyu.wh@gmail.com; Wang, Guan

As an early sign of diabetic cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction may contribute to progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN). Endothelial hyperpermeability induced by hyperglycemia (HG) is a central pathogenesis for DN. Sinomenine (SIN) has strong anti-inflammatory and renal protective effects, following an unknown protective mechanism against HG-induced hyperpermeability. We herein explored the role of SIN in vitro in an HG-induced barrier dysfunction model in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs). The cells were exposed to SIN and/or HG for 24 h, the permeability of which was significantly increased by HG. Moreover, junction protein occludin in the cell-cell junction area and its total expression inmore » HRGECs were significantly decreased by HG. However, the dysfunction of tight junction and hyperpermeability of HRGECs were significantly reversed by SIN. Furthermore, SIN prevented HG-increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Interestingly, activation of RhoA/ROCK induced by HG was reversed by SIN or ROCK inhibitor. HG-induced hyperpermeability was prevented by SIN. High ROS level, tight junction dysfunction and RhoA/ROCK activation were significantly attenuated with knockdown of Nrf2. Mediated by activation of Nrf2, SIN managed to significantly prevent HG-disrupted renal endothelial barrier function by suppressing the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway through reducing ROS. We successfully identified a novel pathway via which SIN exerted antioxidative and renal protective functions, and provided a molecular basis for potential SIN applications in treating DN vascular disorders.« less

Coral reef monitoring by the compact airborne spectrographic imager (CASI)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Miyazaki, Tadakuni; Tokumura, Kimiaki; Sugita, Mikio

1997-12-01

The casi has the spatial resolution of about 3 m X 3 m at the ground level and its spectral resolution is about 6 nm. The wavelength range for the measurement is from 430 to 870 nm and the number of the bands is 72 bands. An airplane carrying casi flew over Kuroshima Island, Okinawa and acquired image data of Kuroshima Island and the surrounding sea area. The flight courses were 6 courses at the altitude of 9,000 feet and 2 courses of 6,000 feet. At the same time, spectral measurements of the sea surface and several coral reefs underwater were carried out at an area of coral reefs off Kuroshima Island. The supervised and unsupervised classification were applied to the casi imageries to extract and classify the area of coral reefs off Kuroshima Island. The produced classification maps of the coral reefs were compared with the ground truth map of coral reefs made by the professional divers to evaluate the results. The results showed significant similarity of the distribution pattern of corral reefs.

Cognitive decline and slower reaction time in elderly individuals with mild cognitive impairment.

PubMed

Chen, Ko-Chia; Weng, Chia-Ying; Hsiao, Sigmund; Tsao, Wen-Long; Koo, Malcolm

2017-11-01

The relationship between declining performance, as measured by changes in reaction time, and declining cognitive function has not been critically studied. The aim of the present study was to investigate the association between reaction time during a task and cognitive ability in elderly Taiwanese individuals. Patients aged 65 years or older with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 33) and Alzheimer's disease (n = 26) were recruited from the neurology clinic of a regional hospital in southern Taiwan. In addition, 28 healthy controls aged 65 years or older were recruited from the community. The cognitive performance of the study participants was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). A computer-administered simple reaction time (SRT) task and a flanker reaction time (FRT) task were administered to assess participants' cognitive function. A non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test was performed to compare CASI scores, SRT, and FRT among the three groups. anova was also used to compare CASI scores, inverse-transformed SRT, and inverse-transformed FRT among the three groups, with adjustment for age and years of education. Additionally, Pearson's partial correlation coefficients were used to assess the association of CASI scores with inverse-transformed SRT, and inverse-transformed FRT within each of the three groups. Significant differences in CASI scores, SRT, and FRT were found between the Alzheimer's disease group and the other two groups, either with or without adjustment for age or education. The reaction time of patients with Alzheimer's disease was significantly slower than the other two groups. Moreover, significant correlation between CASI and FRT was found in patients with MCI. Altered performance in a speed task was observed in patients with MCI. The FRT task should further be explored for its role as a marker for cognitive decline in elderly individuals, particularly in those with MCI. © 2017 Japanese Psychogeriatric Society.

Alteration mineral mapping and metallogenic prediction using CASI/SASI airborne hyperspectral data in Mingshujing area of Gansu Province, NW China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sun, Yu; Zhao, Yingjun; Qin, Kai; Tian, Feng

2016-04-01

Hyperspectral remote sensing is a frontier of remote sensing. Due to its advantage of integrated image with spectrum, it can realize objects identification, superior to objects classification of multispectral remote sensing. Taken the Mingshujing area in Gansu Province of China as an example, this study extracted the alteration minerals and thus to do metallogenic prediction using CASI/SASI airborne hyperspectral data. The Mingshujing area, located in Liuyuan region of Gansu Province, is dominated by middle Variscan granites and Indosinian granites, with well developed EW- and NE-trending faults. In July 2012, our project team obtained the CASI/SASI hyperspectral data of Liuyuan region by aerial flight. The CASI hyperspectral data have 32 bands and the SASI hyperspectral data have 88 bands, with spectral resolution of 15nm for both. The hyperspectral raw data were first preprocessed, including radiometric correction and geometric correction. We then conducted atmospheric correction using empirical line method based on synchronously measured ground spectra to obtain hyperspectral reflectance data. Spectral dimension of hyperspectral data was reduced by the minimum noise fraction transformation method, and then purity pixels were selected. After these steps, image endmember spectra were obtained. We used the endmember spectrum election method based on expert knowledge to analyze the image endmember spectra. Then, the mixture tuned matched filter (MTMF) mapping method was used to extract mineral information, including limonite, Al-rich sericite, Al-poor sericite and chlorite. Finally, the distribution of minerals in the Mingshujing area was mapped. According to the distribution of limonite and Al-rich sericite mapped by CASI/SASI hyperspectral data, we delineated five gold prospecting areas, and further conducted field verification in these areas. It is shown that there are significant gold mineralized anomalies in surface in the Baixianishan and Xitan prospecting areas. The application of CASI/SASI airborne hyperspectral remote sensing data in the metallogenic prediction of the Mingshujing area has achieved ideal results, indicative of their wide application potential in geological research.

Using Remotely Sensed Data for Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation: A Collaborative Effort Between the Climate Change Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI), NASA Johnson Space Center, and Jacobs Technology

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Jagge, Amy

2016-01-01

With ever changing landscapes and environmental conditions due to human induced climate change, adaptability is imperative for the long-term success of facilities and Federal agency missions. To mitigate the effects of climate change, indicators such as above-ground biomass change must be identified to establish a comprehensive monitoring effort. Researching the varying effects of climate change on ecosystems can provide a scientific framework that will help produce informative, strategic and tactical policies for environmental adaptation. As a proactive approach to climate change mitigation, NASA tasked the Climate Change Adaptation Science Investigators Workgroup (CASI) to provide climate change expertise and data to Center facility managers and planners in order to ensure sustainability based on predictive models and current research. Generation of historical datasets that will be used in an agency-wide effort to establish strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation at NASA facilities is part of the CASI strategy. Using time series of historical remotely sensed data is well-established means of measuring change over time. CASI investigators have acquired multispectral and hyperspectral optical and LiDAR remotely sensed datasets from NASA Earth Observation Satellites (including the International Space Station), airborne sensors, and astronaut photography using hand held digital cameras to create a historical dataset for the Johnson Space Center, as well as the Houston and Galveston area. The raster imagery within each dataset has been georectified, and the multispectral and hyperspectral imagery has been atmospherically corrected. Using ArcGIS for Server, the CASI-Regional Remote Sensing data has been published as an image service, and can be visualized through a basic web mapping application. Future work will include a customized web mapping application created using a JavaScript Application Programming Interface (API), and inclusion of the CASI data for the NASA Johnson Space Center into a NASA-Wide GIS Institutional Portal.

Sinomenine alleviates high glucose-induced renal glomerular endothelial hyperpermeability by inhibiting the activation of RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway.

PubMed

Yin, Qingqiao; Xia, Yuanyu; Wang, Guan

2016-09-02

As an early sign of diabetic cardiovascular disease, endothelial dysfunction may contribute to progressive diabetic nephropathy (DN). Endothelial hyperpermeability induced by hyperglycemia (HG) is a central pathogenesis for DN. Sinomenine (SIN) has strong anti-inflammatory and renal protective effects, following an unknown protective mechanism against HG-induced hyperpermeability. We herein explored the role of SIN in vitro in an HG-induced barrier dysfunction model in human renal glomerular endothelial cells (HRGECs). The cells were exposed to SIN and/or HG for 24 h, the permeability of which was significantly increased by HG. Moreover, junction protein occludin in the cell-cell junction area and its total expression in HRGECs were significantly decreased by HG. However, the dysfunction of tight junction and hyperpermeability of HRGECs were significantly reversed by SIN. Furthermore, SIN prevented HG-increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) by activating nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2). Interestingly, activation of RhoA/ROCK induced by HG was reversed by SIN or ROCK inhibitor. HG-induced hyperpermeability was prevented by SIN. High ROS level, tight junction dysfunction and RhoA/ROCK activation were significantly attenuated with knockdown of Nrf2. Mediated by activation of Nrf2, SIN managed to significantly prevent HG-disrupted renal endothelial barrier function by suppressing the RhoA/ROCK signaling pathway through reducing ROS. We successfully identified a novel pathway via which SIN exerted antioxidative and renal protective functions, and provided a molecular basis for potential SIN applications in treating DN vascular disorders. Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Concentrations of rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 and the cognitive response in Taiwanese Alzheimer's disease patients.

PubMed

Chou, Mei-Chuan; Chen, Chun-Hung; Liu, Ching-Kuan; Chen, Su-Hwei; Wu, Shyh-Jong; Yang, Yuan-Han

2012-01-01

The aim of this small pilot study was to evaluate the association between plasma concentrations of rivastigmine and its metabolite, NAP 226-90, and cognitive function in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). Rivastigmine-treated AD patients, who had been maintained on a fixed regimen of twice daily rivastigmine (6 to 12 mg/d) for ≥6 months, were eligible for evaluation. The assessments included cognitive assessment screening instrument (CASI) and clinical dementia rating scale, conducted at baseline and at 6-month follow-up. The 9 subdomains of CASI at baseline and follow-up were analyzed in relation to the plasma concentrations of rivastigmine and NAP 226-90, as measured by capillary electrophoresis. Logistic regression was performed to adjust for age, gender, education level, apolipoprotein E ε4 genotype status, and baseline CASI score to investigate the association between plasma rivastigmine and NAP 226-90 concentrations and the cognitive response. The total sample consisted of 53 clinically diagnosed AD patients taking rivastigmine only at doses of 6 mg to 9 mg/d because of intolerability at 12 mg/d. Higher rivastigmine concentration was significantly associated with improved or preserved short-term memory and worsened abstraction/judgment (p < 0.05), but not with changes in other domains (p > 0.05). Higher NAP 226-90 concentration was significantly associated with worsened abstraction/judgment (p < 0.05), but not with changes in other domains. Higher plasma rivastigmine concentration was significantly associated with improved or preserved short-term memory but worsened abstraction/judgment. An optimal concentration of rivastigmine should be quantified for each patient because of differential cognitive responses.

The next frontier: stem cells and the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space.

PubMed

Ratliff, Duane

2013-12-01

The Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) manages the International Space Station U.S. National Laboratory, supporting space-based research that seeks to improve life on Earth. The National Laboratory is now open for use by the broad scientific community--and CASIS is the gateway to this powerful in-orbit research platform.

Fixed interface charges between AlGaN barrier and gate stack composed of in situ grown SiN and Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} in AlGaN/GaN high electron mobility transistors with normally off capability

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Capriotti, M., E-mail: mattia.capriotti@tuwien.ac.at; Alexewicz, A.; Fleury, C.

2014-03-17

Using a generalized extraction method, the fixed charge density N{sub int} at the interface between in situ deposited SiN and 5 nm thick AlGaN barrier is evaluated by measurements of threshold voltage V{sub th} of an AlGaN/GaN metal insulator semiconductor high electron mobility transistor as a function of SiN thickness. The thickness of the originally deposited 50 nm thick SiN layer is reduced by dry etching. The extracted N{sub int} is in the order of the AlGaN polarization charge density. The total removal of the in situ SiN cap leads to a complete depletion of the channel region resulting in V{sub th} = +1 V.more » Fabrication of a gate stack with Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} as a second cap layer, deposited on top of the in situ SiN, is not introducing additional fixed charges at the SiN/Al{sub 2}O{sub 3} interface.« less

The impact of self-interviews on response patterns for sensitive topics: a randomized trial of electronic delivery methods for a sexual behaviour questionnaire in rural South Africa.

PubMed

Harling, Guy; Gumede, Dumile; Mutevedzi, Tinofa; McGrath, Nuala; Seeley, Janet; Pillay, Deenan; Bärnighausen, Till W; Herbst, Abraham J

2017-08-17

Self-interviews, where the respondent rather than the interviewer enters answers to questions, have been proposed as a way to reduce social desirability bias associated with interviewer-led interviews. Computer-assisted self-interviews (CASI) are commonly proposed since the computer programme can guide respondents; however they require both language and computer literacy. We evaluated the feasibility and acceptability of using electronic methods to administer quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in the Somkhele demographic surveillance area (DSA) in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. We conducted a four-arm randomized trial of paper-and-pen-interview, computer-assisted personal-interview (CAPI), CASI and audio-CASI with an age-sex-urbanicity stratified sample of 504 adults resident in the DSA in 2015. We compared respondents' answers to their responses to the same questions in previous surveillance rounds. We also conducted 48 cognitive interviews, dual-coding responses using the Framework approach. Three hundred forty (67%) individuals were interviewed and covariates and participation rates were balanced across arms. CASI and audio-CASI were significantly slower than interviewer-led interviews. Item non-response rates were higher in self-interview arms. In single-paper meta-analysis, self-interviewed individuals reported more socially undesirable sexual behaviours. Cognitive interviews found high acceptance of both self-interviews and the use of electronic methods, with some concerns that self-interview methods required more participant effort and literacy. Electronic data collection methods, including self-interview methods, proved feasible and acceptable for completing quantitative sexual behaviour questionnaires in a poor, rural South African setting. However, each method had both benefits and costs, and the choice of method should be based on context-specific criteria.

Stress engineering in GaN structures grown on Si(111) substrates by SiN masking layer application

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Szymański, Tomasz, E-mail: tomasz.szymanski@pwr.edu.pl; Wośko, Mateusz; Paszkiewicz, Bogdan

2015-07-15

GaN layers without and with an in-situ SiN mask were grown by using metal organic vapor phase epitaxy for three different approaches used in GaN on silicon(111) growth, and the physical and optical properties of the GaN layers were studied. For each approach applied, GaN layers of 1.4 μm total thickness were grown, using silan SiH{sub 4} as Si source in order to grow Si{sub x}N{sub x} masking layer. The optical micrographs, scanning electron microscope images, and atomic force microscope images of the grown samples revealed cracks for samples without SiN mask, and micropits, which were characteristic for the samples grownmore » with SiN mask. In situ reflectance signal traces were studied showing a decrease of layer coalescence time and higher degree of 3D growth mode for samples with SiN masking layer. Stress measurements were conducted by two methods—by recording micro-Raman spectra and ex-situ curvature radius measurement—additionally PLs spectra were obtained revealing blueshift of PL peak positions with increasing stress. The authors have shown that a SiN mask significantly improves physical and optical properties of GaN multilayer systems reducing stress in comparison to samples grown applying the same approaches but without SiN masking layer.« less

Children's Attributional Style from Middle Childhood to Early Adolescence: Further Validation of the Paper-and-Pencil Versions of the Children's Attributional Style Interview

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Rueger, Sandra Yu; Haines, Beth A.; Malecki, Christine Kerres

2010-01-01

The psychometric properties of two paper-and-pencil versions of the Children's Attributional Style Interview (i.e., CASI-I and CASI-II) were evaluated in a sample of 166 third and fourth graders and a sample of 245 sixth and seventh graders. The results demonstrated strong internal consistency reliability, convergent validity, and a factor…

Analysis and Application of the Bi-Directional Scatter Distribution Function of Photonic Crystals

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-03-01

and reflected light ..................17 10. A CASI source box, showing the beam path, chopper , scaling photodetector, half-wave plate, and linear...off of a semi-reflective beam chopper , shown in Figure 10. Any variation in the output of the laser is detected by it, and the incident power is...box, showing the beam path, chopper , scaling photodetector, half-wave plate, and linear polarizers. 20 The CASI is not sensitive to ambient light

Development of a Computer-Based Survey Instrument for Organophosphate and N-Methyl-Carbamate Exposure Assessment among Agricultural Pesticide Handlers

PubMed Central

Hofmann, Jonathan N.; Checkoway, Harvey; Borges, Ofelio; Servin, Flor; Fenske, Richard A.; Keifer, Matthew C.

2010-01-01

Background: Assessment of occupational pesticide exposures based on self-reported information can be challenging, particularly with immigrant farm worker populations for whom specialized methods are needed to address language and cultural barriers and account for limited literacy. An audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) survey instrument was developed to collect information about organophosphate (OP) and N-methyl-carbamate (CB) exposures and other personal characteristics among male agricultural pesticide handlers for an ongoing cholinesterase biomonitoring study in Washington State. Objectives: To assess the feasibility of collecting data using the A-CASI instrument and evaluate reliability for a subset of survey items. Methods: The survey consisted of 64 items administered in Spanish or English on a touch-screen tablet computer. Participants listened to digitally recorded questions on headphones and selected responses on the screen, most of which were displayed as images or icons to facilitate participation of low literacy respondents. From 2006–2008, a total of 195 participants completed the survey during the OP/CB application seasons on at least one occasion. Percent agreement and kappa coefficients were calculated to evaluate test–retest reliability for selected characteristics among 45 participants who completed the survey on two separate occasions within the same year. Results: Almost all participants self-identified as Hispanic or Latino (98%), and 97% completed the survey in Spanish. Most participants completed the survey in a half-hour or less, with minimal assistance from on-site research staff. Analyses of test–retest reliability showed substantial agreement for most demographic, work history, and health characteristics and at least moderate agreement for most variables related to personal protective equipment use during pesticide applications. Conclusions: This A-CASI survey instrument is a novel method that has been used successfully to collect information about OP/CB exposures and other personal characteristics among Spanish-speaking agricultural pesticide handlers. PMID:20413416

Disagreement between self-reported and clinician-ascertained suicidal ideation and its correlation with depression and anxiety severity in patients with major depressive disorder or bipolar disorder.

PubMed

Gao, Keming; Wu, Renrong; Wang, Zuowei; Ren, Ming; Kemp, David E; Chan, Philip K; Conroy, Carla M; Serrano, Mary Beth; Ganocy, Stephen J; Calabrese, Joseph R

2015-01-01

To study the disagreement between self-reported suicidal ideation (SR-SI) and clinician-ascertained suicidal ideation (CA-SI) and its correlation with depression and anxiety severity in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BPD). Routine clinical outpatients were diagnosed with the MINI-STEP-BD version. SR-SI was extracted from the 16 Item Quick Inventory of Depression Symptomatology Self-Report (QIDS-SR-16) item 12. CA-SI was extracted from a modified Suicide Assessment module of the MINI. Depression and anxiety severity were measured with the QIDS-SR-16 and Zung Self-Rating Anxiety Scale. Chi-square, Fisher exact, and bivariate linear logistic regression were used for analyses. Of 103 patients with MDD, 5.8% endorsed any CA-SI and 22.4% endorsed any SR-SI. Of the 147 patients with BPD, 18.4% endorsed any CA-SI and 35.9% endorsed any SR-SI. The agreement between any SR-SI and any CA-SI was 83.5% for MDD and 83.1% for BPD, with weighted Kappa of 0.30 and 0.43, respectively. QIDS-SR-16 score, female gender, and ≥4 year college education were associated with increased risk for disagreement, 15.44 ± 4.52 versus 18.39 ± 3.49 points (p = 0.0026), 67% versus 46% (p = 0.0783), and 61% versus 29% (p = 0.0096). The disagreement was positively correlated to depression severity in both MDD and BPD with a correlation coefficient R(2) = 0.40 and 0.79, respectively, but was only positively correlated to anxiety severity in BPD with a R(2) = 0.46. Self-reported questionnaire was more likely to reveal higher frequency and severity of SI than clinician-ascertained, suggesting that a combination of self-reported and clinical-ascertained suicidal risk assessment with measuring depression and anxiety severity may be necessary for suicide prevention. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effect of Chemistry and Particle Size on the Performance of Calcium Disilicide Primers. Part 1 - Synthesis of Calcium Silicide (CaSi2) by Rotary Atomization

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-02-01

Metallurgist. 45, 267, 2001. 10. Dodero, M. "Electrolytic Preparation of Calcium Silicide ," Compt. Rend.. 198, 1593, 1934. 11. Dodero, M...Allqem. Chem.. 242, 117, 1939. 13. Yamaguchi, Y. and Hayakawa, Y., "The Preparation of Calcium Silicide by Reacting Solid Silicon Carbide and...SYNTHESIS OF CALCIUM SILICIDE (CaSi2) BY ROTARY ATOMIZATION Paul E. Anderson Kin Yee Eugene Homentowski Gartung Cheng Neha Mehta Gary Chen U.S

Real World Cognitive Multi-Tasking and Problem Solving: A Large Scale Cognitive Architecture Simulation Through High Performance Computing-Project Casie

DTIC Science & Technology

2008-03-01

computational version of the CASIE architecture serves to demonstrate the functionality of our primary theories. However, implementation of several other...following facts. First, based on Theorem 3 and Theorem 5, the objective function is non -increasing under updating rule (6); second, by the criteria for...reassignment in updating rule (7), it is trivial to show that the objective function is non -increasing under updating rule (7). A Unified View to Graph

Calcium silicate hydrates: Solid and liquid phase composition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Lothenbach, Barbara, E-mail: Barbara.lothenbach@empa.ch; Nonat, André

This paper presents a review on the relationship between the composition, the structure and the solution in which calcium silicate hydrate (C–S–H) is equilibrated. The silica chain length in C–S–H increases with the silicon concentration and the calcium content in the interlayer space with the calcium concentrations. Sodium and potassium are taken up in the interlayer space, preferentially at low calcium concentrations and thus by low Ca/Si C–S–H. Aluminium uptake in C–S–H increases strongly at higher aluminium concentrations in the solution. At low Ca/Si, aluminium substitutes silica in the bridging position, at Ca/Si > 1 aluminium is bound in TAH.more » Recently developed thermodynamic models are closely related to the structure of C–S–H and tobermorite, and able to model not only the solubility and the chemical composition of the C–S–H, but also to predict the mean silica chain length and the uptake of aluminium.« less

Floating Debris Control: A Literature Review

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

8, which are photographs of the Appalachian Power Company facility at the Winfield Lock and Dam on the Kanawha River. The cross section of the boom...gravity = 32.2 w weight of 1 cu ft of water, lb 62.5 T total tension in the boom, lb 18 Then, Figure 7. Debris diversion boom and debris... Appalachian Power Company Station at Winfield Lock and Dam, Kanawha River, West Virginia. 2 T = wRdv (sin a) = 1.94 Rdv2 (sin a) g (2) Ample allowances

Comparing Broad-Band and Red Edge-Based Spectral Vegetation Indices to Estimate Nitrogen Concentration of Crops Using Casi Data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yanjie; Liao, Qinhong; Yang, Guijun; Feng, Haikuan; Yang, Xiaodong; Yue, Jibo

2016-06-01

In recent decades, many spectral vegetation indices (SVIs) have been proposed to estimate the leaf nitrogen concentration (LNC) of crops. However, most of these indices were based on the field hyperspectral reflectance. To test whether they can be used in aerial remote platform effectively, in this work a comparison of the sensitivity between several broad-band and red edge-based SVIs to LNC is investigated over different crop types. By using data from experimental LNC values over 4 different crop types and image data acquired using the Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) sensor, the extensive dataset allowed us to evaluate broad-band and red edge-based SVIs. The result indicated that NDVI performed the best among the selected SVIs while red edge-based SVIs didn't show the potential for estimating the LNC based on the CASI data due to the spectral resolution. In order to search for the optimal SVIs, the band combination algorithm has been used in this work. The best linear correlation against the experimental LNC dataset was obtained by combining the 626.20nm and 569.00nm wavebands. These wavelengths correspond to the maximal chlorophyll absorption and reflection position region, respectively, and are known to be sensitive to the physiological status of the plant. Then this linear relationship was applied to the CASI image for generating an LNC map, which can guide farmers in the accurate application of their N fertilization strategies.

Alteration Minerals Extraction Using Airborne Hyperspectral Data Casi and Sasi in Wuyi Metallogenic Belt, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, Z.; Zheng, J.

2018-04-01

Hydrothermal alteration is an important content in the study of epithermal deposit, and its deep part is often accompanied by porphyry mineralization. The objective of research is to mapping the alteration minerals for mineral exploration using mixture tuned matched filtering (MTMF) approach based on airborne hyperspectral data CASI and SASI in Wuyi metallogenic belt, China, which has complex geological structure and excellent mineralization conditions and high regional forest coverage rate. Gold mineralization is closely related to the Yanshan period epithermal intrusive rocks, and often exists in external contact zone of allgovite, monzomite porphyrite, granite porphyry, quarz porphyry, et al.. The main mineral alteration types include silicification (quartz), sericitization (sericite, illite), pyritization (pyrite), chloritization (chlorite), and partial calcitization (calcite). The alteration minerals extraction based on integrated CASI_SASI reflectance data were processed by MTMF algorithm with the input imagery which was pre-processed by MNF and the input endmember spectra measured by SVC spectrometer to performs MF and add an infeasibility image. The MTMF results provide an estimate to mineral subpixel fractions leading to the abundances of alteration minerals at each pixel and alteration minerals distribution. The accuracy of alteration mineral extraction refers to the extent which it agrees with a set of reference data measured in the field reconnaissance. So the CASI_SASI airborne hyperspectral image provides the efficient way to map the detailed alteration minerals distribution for mineral exploration in high forest coverage area.

Reconsidering the safety in numbers effect for vulnerable road users: an application of agent-based modeling.

PubMed

Thompson, Jason; Savino, Giovanni; Stevenson, Mark

2015-01-01

Increasing levels of active transport provide benefits in relation to chronic disease and emissions reduction but may be associated with an increased risk of road trauma. The safety in numbers (SiN) effect is often regarded as a solution to this issue; however, the mechanisms underlying its influence are largely unknown. We aimed to (1) replicate the SiN effect within a simple, simulated environment and (2) vary bicycle density within the environment to better understand the circumstances under which SiN applies. Using an agent-based modeling approach, we constructed a virtual transport system that increased the number of bicycles from 9% to 35% of total vehicles over a period of 1,000 time units while holding the number of cars in the system constant. We then repeated this experiment under conditions of progressively decreasing bicycle density. We demonstrated that the SiN effect can be reproduced in a virtual environment, closely approximating the exponential relationships between cycling numbers and the relative risk of collision as shown in observational studies. The association, however, was highly contingent upon bicycle density. The relative risk of collisions between cars and bicycles with increasing bicycle numbers showed an association that is progressively linear at decreasing levels of density. Agent-based modeling may provide a useful tool for understanding the mechanisms underpinning the relationships previously observed between volume and risk under the assumptions of SiN. The SiN effect may apply only under circumstances in which bicycle density also increases over time. Additional mechanisms underpinning the SiN effect, independent of behavioral adjustment by drivers, are explored.

Acronym dictionary

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1993-01-01

This reference was originally compiled as a tool for abstracters who need to know the expansion of acronyms they may encounter in the texts they are analyzing. It is a general rule of abstracting at the NASA Center For Aerospace Information (CASI) that acronyms are expanded in the abstract to enhance both information content and searchability. Over the last 22 years, abstracters at CASI have recorded acronyms and their expansions as they were encountered in documents. This is therefore an ad-hoc reference, rather than a systematic collection of all acronyms related to aerospace science and technology.

High-pressure transitions of diopside and wollastonite: phase equilibria and thermochemistry of CaMgSi 2O 6, CaSiO 3 and CaSi 2O 5-CaTiSiO 5 system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Akaogi, M.; Yano, M.; Tejima, Y.; Iijima, M.; Kojitani, H.

2004-06-01

Phase transitions of CaMgSi 2O 6 diopside and CaSiO 3 wollastonite were examined at pressures to 23 GPa and temperatures to 2000 °C, using a Kawai-type multiavil apparatus. Enthalpies of high-pressure phases in CaSiO 3 and in the CaSi 2O 5-CaTiSiO 5 system were also measured by high-temperature calorimetry. At 17-18 GPa, diopside dissociates to CaSiO 3-rich perovskite + Mg-rich (Mg,Ca)SiO 3 tetragonal garnet (Gt) above about 1400 °C. The solubilities of CaSiO 3 in garnet and MgSiO 3 in perovskite increase with temperature. At 17-18 GPa below about 1400 °C, diopside dissociates to Ca-perovskite + β-Mg 2SiO 4 + stishovite. The Mg, Si-phases coexisting with Ca-perovskite change to γ-Mg 2SiO 4 + stishovite, to ilmenite, and finally to Mg-perovskite with increasing pressure. CaSiO 3 wollastonite transforms to the walstromite structure, and further dissociates to Ca 2SiO 4 larnite + CaSi 2O 5 titanite. The latter transition occurs at 9-11 GPa with a positive Clapeyron slope. At 1600 °C, larnite + titanite transform to CaSiO 3 perovskite at 14.6±0.6 GPa, calibrated against the α-β transition pressure of Mg 2SiO 4. The enthalpies of formation of CaSiO 3 walstromite and CaSi 2O 5 titanite from the mixture of CaO and SiO 2 quartz at 298 K have been determined as -76.1±2.8, and -27.8±2.1 kJ/mol, respectively. The latter was estimated from enthalpy measurements of titanite solid solutions in the system CaSi 2O 5-CaTiSiO 5, because CaSi 2O 5 titanite transforms to a triclinic phase upon decompression. The enthalpy difference between titanite and the triclinic phase is only 1.5±4.8 kJ/mol. Using these enthalpies of formation and those of larnite and CaSiO 3 perovskite, the transition boundaries in CaSiO 3 have been calculated. The calculated boundaries for the wollastonite-walstromite-larnite + titanite transitions are consistent with the experimental determinations within the errors. The calculated boundary between larnite + titanite and Ca-perovskite has a slope of 1.3-1.8(±0.4) MPa/K, and is located at a pressure about 2 GPa higher than that determined by [Am. Mineral. 79 (1994) 1219].

Characterization of the Rheological and Swelling Properties of Synthetic Alkali Silicate Gels in Order to Predict Their Behavior in ASR Damaged Concrete

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vayghan, Asghar Gholizadeh

Alkali-silica reaction (ASR) is a major concrete durability concern that is responsible for the deterioration of concrete infrastructure in the world. The resultant of the reaction between the cement alkali hydroxides and the metastable silicates in the aggregates is a hygroscopic and expansive alkali-silicate gel (referred to as ASR gel in this document). The swelling behavior of ASR gels determines the extent of damage to concrete structures and, as such, mitigation of ASR relies on understanding these gels and finding ways to prevent them either from formation, or from swelling after formation. This dissertation focuses on the synthesis and characterization of ASR gels with wide ranges of compositions similar to what has been reported for the filed ASR gels in the literature. The experimental work consisted of three phases as follow. Phase I: Investigation of rheology, chemistry and physics of ASR gels produced through sol-method. Inspired from the existing literature, two sol-gel methods have been developed for the synthesis of ASR gels. The rheological (primarily gelation time, yield stress, and equilibrium stress), chemical (pore solution pH, pore solution composition, osmotic pressure, solid phase composition, stoichiometry of gelation reactions) and physical (evaporable water, solid content, etc.) properties of synthetic ASR gels have been extensively investigated in this phase. Ca/Si, Na/Si and K/Si, and water content were considered as the main chemical composition variables. In order to investigate the suppressing effects of lithium on the swelling properties of ASR gels, the gels were added with lithium in a part of the experimental program. The results strongly suggested that Ca/Si has a positive effect on the yield stress of the gels and their rate of gelation. Na/Si was found to have a decreasing effect on the yield stress and gelation rate (especially at low Ca/Si levels). K/Si and Li/Si had second-order (i.e., polynomial) effects on the yield stress of the gels, causing a significant drop in this parameter followed by some increase as they approached their upper values. Na/Si and K/Si were both found contribute to the osmotic potential of the ASR gels, while increase in Ca/Si generally led to a drop in this parameter. The presence of all components (Ca, Na, and K) were found to contribute to the pH of the gels' pore solution, and Ca/Si and Na/Si showed a synergistic effect on this parameter. Lithium, on the other hand, was found to be able to drop the OH- concentration of the pore solution by a factor of five in the case of high-sodium gels, which could partially explain its ASR mitigating effect. Phase II: Investigation of the free and restrained swelling behavior, hydrophilic potential and viscoelastic properties of ASR gels produced through the "paste method". 20 gel compositions were selected (using the central composite design method) with Ca/Si, Na/Si and K/Si molar ratios varying in the ranges (0.05-0.5), (0.1-1.0) and (0.0-0.3), respectively. The gels were produced by batching appropriate amounts of certain precursors containing different chemical components. After curing, the gels were tested for the abovementioned parameters using some innovative test methods as explained in the relevant chapters. The results suggest that increasing the alkali content (Na/Si and K/Si) in ASR gels resulted in an increase in the gels' free swelling and water absorption, and a reduction in the equilibrium relative humidity (ERH). However, no significant effect was found for Ca/Si with respect to the ERH. Ca/Si was found to have a multi-episode effect on the swelling and water absorption properties of the gels. An increase in Ca/Si up to 0.18 led to a considerable reduction in the swelling strain, followed by a slight increasing effect as it approached 0.4. Further increase in Ca/Si resulted in complete elimination of swelling strain. While Na/Si and K/Si could constantly increase the free swelling strain, their excessive presence was found to have a softening effect on the gels' structure, leading to a drop in their swelling pressure. Finally, all gels were found to show viscoelastic behavior that could be best explained via Burger's model. The elastic and viscous components have been measured for each gel and related to their composition using regression. Phase III: An Extended Chemical Index Model to Predict the Fly Ash Dosage Necessary for Mitigating Alkali-Silica Reaction in Concrete . In order to have an applied and ready-to-implement contribution to the realm of alkali-silica reaction, a predictive statistical model was developed that determines the optimum fly ash dosage for ASR mitigation depending on the acceptable risk of ASR and structure's importance. (Abstract shortened by ProQuest.).

Japanese-English language equivalence of the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument among Japanese-Americans.

PubMed

Gibbons, Laura E; McCurry, Susan; Rhoads, Kristoffer; Masaki, Kamal; White, Lon; Borenstein, Amy R; Larson, Eric B; Crane, Paul K

2009-02-01

The Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) was designed for use in cross-cultural studies of Japanese and Japanese-American elderly in Japan and the U.S.A. The measurement equivalence in Japanese and English had not been confirmed in prior studies. We analyzed the 40 CASI items for differential item functioning (DIF) related to test language, as well as self-reported proficiency with written Japanese, age, and educational attainment in two large epidemiologic studies of Japanese-American elderly: the Kame Project (n=1708) and the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS; n = 3148). DIF was present if the demographic groups differed in the probability of success on an item, after controlling for their underlying cognitive functioning ability. While seven CASI items had DIF related to language of testing in Kame (registration of one item; recall of one item; similes; judgment; repeating a phrase; reading and performing a command; and following a three-step instruction), the impact of DIF on participants' scores was minimal. Mean scores for Japanese and English speakers in Kame changed by <0.1 SD after accounting for DIF related to test language. In HAAS, insufficient numbers of participants were tested in Japanese to assess DIF related to test language. In both studies, DIF related to written Japanese proficiency, age, and educational attainment had minimal impact. To the extent that DIF could be assessed, the CASI appeared to meet the goal of measuring cognitive function equivalently in Japanese and English. Stratified data collection would be needed to confirm this conclusion. DIF assessment should be used in other studies with multiple language groups to confirm that measures function equivalently or, if not, form scores that account for DIF.

Cognitive Trajectory Changes Over 20 Years Before Dementia Diagnosis: A Large Cohort Study.

PubMed

Li, Ge; Larson, Eric B; Shofer, Jane B; Crane, Paul K; Gibbons, Laura E; McCormick, Wayne; Bowen, James D; Thompson, Mary Lou

2017-12-01

Longitudinal studies have shown an increase in cognitive decline many years before clinical diagnosis of dementia. We sought to estimate changes, relative to "normal" aging, in the trajectory of scores on a global cognitive function test-the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). A prospective cohort study. Community-dwelling members of a U.S. health maintenance organization. Individuals aged 65 and older who had no dementia diagnosis at baseline and had at least two visits with valid CASI test score (N = 4,315). Average longitudinal trajectories, including changes in trajectory before clinical diagnosis in those who would be diagnosed with dementia, were estimated for CASI item response theory (IRT) scores. The impact of sex, education level, and APOE genotype on cognitive trajectories was assessed. Increased cognitive decline relative to "normal" aging was evident in CASI IRT at least 10 years before clinical diagnosis. Male gender, lower education, and presence of ≥1 APOE ε4 alleles were associated with lower average IRT scores. In those who would be diagnosed with dementia, a trajectory change point was estimated at an average of 3.1 years (95% confidence interval 3.0-3.2) before clinical diagnosis, after which cognitive decline appeared to accelerate. The change point did not differ by sex, education level, or APOE ε4 genotype. There were subtle differences in trajectory slopes by sex and APOE ε4 genotype, but not by education. Decline in average global cognitive function was evident at least 10 years before clinical diagnosis of dementia. The decline accelerated about 3 years before clinical diagnosis. © 2017, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2017, The American Geriatrics Society.

A preliminary study for fully automated quantification of psoriasis severity using image mapping

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Mukai, Kazuhiro; Iyatomi, Hitoshi

2014-03-01

Psoriasis is a common chronic skin disease and it detracts patients' QoL seriously. Since there is no known permanent cure so far, controlling appropriate disease condition is necessary and therefore quantification of its severity is important. In clinical, psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) is commonly used for abovementioned purpose, however it is often subjective and troublesome. A fully automatic computer-assisted area and severity index (CASI) was proposed to make an objective quantification of skin disease. It investigates the size and density of erythema based on digital image analysis, however it does not consider various inadequate effects caused by different geometrical conditions under clinical follow-up (i.e. variability in direction and distance between camera and patient). In this study, we proposed an image alignment method for clinical images and investigated to quantify the severity of psoriasis under clinical follow-up combined with the idea of CASI. The proposed method finds geometrical same points in patient's body (ROI) between images with Scale Invariant Feature Transform (SIFT) and performs the Affine transform to map the pixel value to the other. In this study, clinical images from 7 patients with psoriasis lesions on their trunk under clinical follow-up were used. In each series, our image alignment algorithm align images to the geometry of their first image. Our proposed method aligned images appropriately on visual assessment and confirmed that psoriasis areas were properly extracted using the approach of CASI. Although we cannot evaluate PASI and CASI directly due to their different definition of ROI, we confirmed that there is a large correlation between those scores with our image quantification method.

Comparison of epicardial deformation in passive and active isolated rabbit hearts

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ho, Andrew; Tang, Liang; Chiang, Fu-Pen; Lin, Shien-Fong

2007-02-01

Mechanical deformation of isolated rabbit hearts through passive inflation techniques have been a viable form of replicating heart motion, but its relation to the heart's natural active contractions remain unclear. The mechanical properties of the myocardium may show diverse characteristics while in tension and compression. In this study, epicardial strain was measured with the assistance of computer-aided speckle interferometry (CASI)1. CASI tracks the movement of clusters of particles for measuring epicardial deformation. The heart was cannulated and perfused with Tyrode's solution. Silicon carbide particles were applied onto the myocardium to form random speckle pattern images while the heart was allowed to actively contract and stabilize. High resolution videos (1000x1000 pixels) of the left ventricle were taken with a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) camera as the heart was actively contracting through electrical pacing at various cycle lengths between 250-800 ms. A latex balloon was then inserted into the left ventricle via left atrium and videos were taken as the balloon was repeatedly inflated and deflated at controlled volumes (1-3 ml/cycle). The videos were broken down into frames and analyzed through CASI. Active contractions resulted in non-uniform circular epicardial and uniaxial contractions at different stages of the motion. In contrast, the passive heart demonstrated very uniform expansion and contraction originating from the source of the latex balloon. The motion of the active heart caused variations in deformation, but in comparison to the passive heart, had a more enigmatic displacement field. The active heart demonstrated areas of large displacement and others with relatively no displacement. Application of CASI was able to successfully distinguish the motions between the active and passive hearts.

The Association Between Cognitive Performance and Speech-in-Noise Perception for Adult Listeners: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis

PubMed Central

Allen, Harriet A.; Henshaw, Helen; Heinrich, Antje

2017-01-01

Published studies assessing the association between cognitive performance and speech-in-noise (SiN) perception examine different aspects of each, test different listeners, and often report quite variable associations. By examining the published evidence base using a systematic approach, we aim to identify robust patterns across studies and highlight any remaining gaps in knowledge. We limit our assessment to adult unaided listeners with audiometric profiles ranging from normal hearing to moderate hearing loss. A total of 253 articles were independently assessed by two researchers, with 25 meeting the criteria for inclusion. Included articles assessed cognitive measures of attention, memory, executive function, IQ, and processing speed. SiN measures varied by target (phonemes or syllables, words, and sentences) and masker type (unmodulated noise, modulated noise, >2-talker babble, and ≤2-talker babble. The overall association between cognitive performance and SiN perception was r = .31. For component cognitive domains, the association with (pooled) SiN perception was as follows: processing speed (r = .39), inhibitory control (r = .34), working memory (r = .28), episodic memory (r = .26), and crystallized IQ (r = .18). Similar associations were shown for the different speech target and masker types. This review suggests a general association of r≈.3 between cognitive performance and speech perception, although some variability in association appeared to exist depending on cognitive domain and SiN target or masker assessed. Where assessed, degree of unaided hearing loss did not play a major moderating role. We identify a number of cognitive performance and SiN perception combinations that have not been tested and whose future investigation would enable further fine-grained analyses of these relationships. PMID:29237334

The Association Between Cognitive Performance and Speech-in-Noise Perception for Adult Listeners: A Systematic Literature Review and Meta-Analysis.

PubMed

Dryden, Adam; Allen, Harriet A; Henshaw, Helen; Heinrich, Antje

2017-01-01

Published studies assessing the association between cognitive performance and speech-in-noise (SiN) perception examine different aspects of each, test different listeners, and often report quite variable associations. By examining the published evidence base using a systematic approach, we aim to identify robust patterns across studies and highlight any remaining gaps in knowledge. We limit our assessment to adult unaided listeners with audiometric profiles ranging from normal hearing to moderate hearing loss. A total of 253 articles were independently assessed by two researchers, with 25 meeting the criteria for inclusion. Included articles assessed cognitive measures of attention, memory, executive function, IQ, and processing speed. SiN measures varied by target (phonemes or syllables, words, and sentences) and masker type (unmodulated noise, modulated noise, >2-talker babble, and ≤2-talker babble. The overall association between cognitive performance and SiN perception was r = .31. For component cognitive domains, the association with (pooled) SiN perception was as follows: processing speed ( r = .39), inhibitory control ( r = .34), working memory ( r = .28), episodic memory ( r = .26), and crystallized IQ ( r = .18). Similar associations were shown for the different speech target and masker types. This review suggests a general association of r≈.3 between cognitive performance and speech perception, although some variability in association appeared to exist depending on cognitive domain and SiN target or masker assessed. Where assessed, degree of unaided hearing loss did not play a major moderating role. We identify a number of cognitive performance and SiN perception combinations that have not been tested and whose future investigation would enable further fine-grained analyses of these relationships.

Machine-aided indexing at NASA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silvester, June P.; Genuardi, Michael T.; Klingbiel, Paul H.

1994-01-01

This report describes the NASA Lexical Dictionary (NLD), a machine-aided indexing system used online at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI). This system automatically suggests a set of candidate terms from NASA's controlled vocabulary for any designated natural language text input. The system is comprised of a text processor that is based on the computational, nonsyntactic analysis of input text and an extensive knowledge base that serves to recognize and translate text-extracted concepts. The functions of the various NLD system components are described in detail, and production and quality benefits resulting from the implementation of machine-aided indexing at CASI are discussed.

Abstract Interface Specifications for the A-7E Device Interface Module.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-20

Undesired events +GSINSAGE+ pl:time;O !+SINS attitude age +! %SINS not enabled% p2 :time:O !+SINS position age +! p3:time:O !+SINS velocity age +! +G SINS...attitude age +! The elapsed time since new valid attitude data was provided by the SINS hardware. !+SINS attitude valid+! True iff SINS attitude data is valid...horizontal plane. !+SINS position age +! The elapsed time since new valid position data was provided by the SINS hardware. !+SINS position valid+! True iff

Observation and modelling of main-sequence star chromospheres - XIV. Rotation of dM1 stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houdebine, E. R.

2010-09-01

We have measured v sin i for a selected sample of dM1-type stars. We give 114 measurements of v sin i for 88 different stars, and six upper detection limits. These are the first measurements of v sin i for most of the stars studied here. This represents the largest sample of v sin i measurements for M dwarfs at a given spectral type. For these measurements, we used four different spectrographs: HARPS (ESO), SOPHIE (OHP), ÉLODIE (OHP) and UVES (ESO). Two of these spectrographs (HARPS and SOPHIE) are particularly stable in wavelength since they were designed for exoplanet searches. We measured v sin i down to an accuracy of 0.3kms-1 for the highest resolution spectrographs and a detection limit of about 1kms-1. We show that this unprecedented accuracy for M dwarfs in our data set is possible because all the targets have the same spectral type. This is an advantage and it facilitates the determination of the narrowest line profiles for v sin i ~ 0. Although it is possible to derive the zero-point profiles using several spectral types at a time. These values were combined with other measurements taken from the literature. The total sample represents detected rotation for 100 stars (10 dM1e and 90 dM1 stars). We confirm our finding of Paper VII that the distribution of the projected rotation period is bimodal for dM1 stars with a much larger sample, i.e. there are two groups of stars: the fast rotators with P/sin i ~ 4.5d and the slow rotators with P/sin i ~ 14.4d. There is a gap between these two groups. We find that the distribution of stars as a function of P/sin i has two very abrupt cuts, below 10d and above 18d. There are very few stars observed out of this range 10-18d. We also observe that the distribution increases slightly from 18 to 10d. We find that the M1 subdwarfs (very low metallicity dwarfs) rotate with an average period of P/sin i ~ 7.2d, which is about twice faster as the main group of normal M1 dwarfs. We also find a correlation for P/sin i to decrease with stellar radius among dM1e stars. Such a trend is also observed in dM1 stars. We also derive metallicity and radius for all our target stars using the same method as in Paper VII. We notably found that 11 of our target stars are subdwarfs with metallicities below -0.5dex. Based on observations available at Observatoire de Haute Provence and the European Southern Observatory data bases and on Hipparcos parallax measurements. E-mail: eric_houdebine@yahoo.fr

Sinning against nature: the theory of background conditions

PubMed Central

Blackford, R

2006-01-01

Debates about the moral and political acceptability of particular sexual practices and new technologies often include appeals to a supposed imperative to follow nature. If nature is understood as the totality of all phenomena or as those things that are not artificial, there is little prospect of developing a successful argument to impugn interference with it or sinning against it. At the same time, there are serious difficulties with approaches that seek to identify "proper" human functioning. An alternative approach is to understand interference with nature as acting in a manner that threatens basic background conditions to human choice. Arguably, the theory of background conditions helps explain much of the hostility to practices and technologies that allegedly sin against nature. The theory does not, however, entail that appeals to nature are relevant or rational. Such appeals should be subjected to sceptical scrutiny. Indeed, the theory suggests that arguments against practices and technologies that can be seen as contrary to nature sometimes exercise a psychological attraction that is disproportional to their actual cogency. PMID:17074819

Pleiotropic roles of Clostridium difficile sin locus

PubMed Central

Ou, Junjun; Dupuy, Bruno

2018-01-01

Clostridium difficile is the primary cause of nosocomial diarrhea and pseudomembranous colitis. It produces dormant spores, which serve as an infectious vehicle responsible for transmission of the disease and persistence of the organism in the environment. In Bacillus subtilis, the sin locus coding SinR (113 aa) and SinI (57 aa) is responsible for sporulation inhibition. In B. subtilis, SinR mainly acts as a repressor of its target genes to control sporulation, biofilm formation, and autolysis. SinI is an inhibitor of SinR, so their interaction determines whether SinR can inhibit its target gene expression. The C. difficile genome carries two sinR homologs in the operon that we named sinR and sinR’, coding for SinR (112 aa) and SinR’ (105 aa), respectively. In this study, we constructed and characterized sin locus mutants in two different C. difficile strains R20291 and JIR8094, to decipher the locus’s role in C. difficile physiology. Transcriptome analysis of the sinRR’ mutants revealed their pleiotropic roles in controlling several pathways including sporulation, toxin production, and motility in C. difficile. Through various genetic and biochemical experiments, we have shown that SinR can regulate transcription of key regulators in these pathways, which includes sigD, spo0A, and codY. We have found that SinR’ acts as an antagonist to SinR by blocking its repressor activity. Using a hamster model, we have also demonstrated that the sin locus is needed for successful C. difficile infection. This study reveals the sin locus as a central link that connects the gene regulatory networks of sporulation, toxin production, and motility; three key pathways that are important for C. difficile pathogenesis. PMID:29529083

Modeling the acoustics of American English /r/ using configurable articulatory synthesis (CASY)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lehnert-Lehouillier, Heike; Iskarous, Khalil; Whalen, Douglas H.

2004-05-01

The claim that articulatory variation in /r/ production exhibits systematic tradeoffs to achieve a stable acoustic signal (Guenther et al., 1999) was tested using configurable articulatory synthesis (CASY) and ultrasound data. In particular, the hypothesis was tested that multiple constrictions during /r/ production are necessary to achieve a low enough F3. Ultrasound and Optotrak data from four speakers pronouncing /r/ in different vocalic contexts were used to determine where in the vocal tract the tongue gestures are placed. This data was then modeled using CASY parameters and was used to determine how the three gestures in /r/ (labial, palatal, and pharyngeal) contribute to the F3 value observed in the speech signal simultaneously recorded with the ultrasound. This was done by varying the degree and location of the lingual constrictions and the degree of the labial constriction and determining the effect on F3. It was determined that the three gestures in /r/ contribute in differing amounts to the overall F3 lowering. Furthermore, it does not seem that all three gestures are necessary for F3 lowering. This lends support to the hypothesis that the goal in /r/ production is the simultaneous achievement of three gestures. [Work supported by NIH Grant DC-02717.

Chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS).

PubMed

Dani, Sergio Ulhoa; Walter, Gerhard Franz

2018-01-01

Arsenic and its compounds are well-established, potent, environmentally widespread and persistent toxicants with metabolic, genotoxic, mutagenic, teratogenic, epigenetic and carcinogenic effects. Arsenic occurs naturally in the Earth's crust, but anthropogenic arsenic emissions have surmounted the emissions from important natural sources such as volcanism. Inorganic arsenicals exhibit acute and chronic toxicities in virtually all cell types and tissues, and hence arsenic intoxication affects multiple systems. Whereas acute arsenic intoxication is rare and relatively easy to diagnose, chronic arsenic intoxication (CAsI) is common but goes often misdiagnosed. Based on a review of the literature as well as our own clinical experience, we propose a chronic arsenic intoxication diagnostic score (CAsIDS). A distinctive feature of CAsIDS is the use of bone arsenic load as an essential criterion for the individual risk assessment of chronic arsenic intoxication, combined with a systemic clinical assessment. We present clinical examples where CAsIDS is applied for the diagnosis of CAsI, review the main topics of the toxicity of arsenic in different cell and organ systems and discuss the therapy and prevention of disease caused or aggravated by chronic arsenic intoxication. CAsIDS can help physicians establish the diagnosis of CAsI and associated conditions. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Vitamin B12 deficiency: Characterization of psychometrics and MRI morphometrics.

PubMed

Hsu, Yen-Hsuan; Huang, Ching-Feng; Lo, Chung-Ping; Wang, Tzu-Lan; Tu, Min-Chien

2016-01-01

Vitamin B12 is essential for the integrity of the central nervous system. However, performances in different cognitive domains relevant to vitamin B12 deficiency remain to be detailed. To date, there have been limited studies that examined the relationships between cognitions and structural neuroimaging in a single cohort of low-vitamin B12 status. The present study aimed to depict psychometrics and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) morphometrics among patients with vitamin B12 deficiency, and to examine their inter-relations. We compared 34 consecutive patients with vitamin B12 deficiency (serum level ≤ 250 pg/ml) to 34 demographically matched controls by their cognitive performances and morphometric indices of brain MRI. The correlations between psychometrics and morphometrics were analyzed. The vitamin B12 deficiency group had lower scores than the controls on total scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) (both P < 0.05), language (P < 0.01), orientation (P < 0.01), and mental manipulation (P < 0.05). The patients also showed a greater frontal horn ratio than the controls (P < 0.05). Bicaudate ratio, fronto-occipital ratio, uncotemporal index, and normalized interuncal distance all showed a strong correlation with the total score of MMSE and CASI (all P < 0.01). Among these psychometric and morphometric indices, pronounced correlations between bicaudate ratio and long-term memory, mental manipulation, orientation, language, and verbal fluency were noted (all P < 0.01). Vitamin B12 deficiency is associated with a global cognition decline with language, orientation, and mental manipulation selectively impaired. Preferential atrophy in frontal regions is the main neuroimaging feature. Although the frontal ratio highlights the relevant atrophy among patients, the bicaudate ratio might be the best index on the basis of its strong association with global cognition and related cognitive domains, implying dysfunction of fronto-subcortical circuits as the fundamental pathogenesis related to vitamin B12 deficiency.

Crystallization kinetics of bioactive glasses in the ZnO-Na2O-CaO-SiO2 system.

PubMed

Malavasi, Gianluca; Lusvardi, Gigliola; Pedone, Alfonso; Menziani, Maria Cristina; Dappiaggi, Monica; Gualtieri, Alessandro; Menabue, Ledi

2007-08-30

The crystallization kinetics of Na(2)O.CaO.2SiO(2) (x = 0) and 0.68ZnO.Na(2)O.CaO.2SiO(2) (x = 0.68, where x is the ZnO stoichiometric coefficient in the glass formula) bioactive glasses have been studied using both nonisothermal and isothermal methods. The results obtained from isothermal XRPD analyses have showed that the first glass crystallizes into the isochemical Na(2)CaSi(2)O(6) phase, whereas the Na(2)ZnSiO(4) crystalline phase is obtained from the Zn-rich glass, in addition to Na(2)CaSi(2)O(6). The activation energy (Ea) for the crystallization of the Na(2)O.CaO.2SiO(2) glass is 193 +/- 10 and 203 +/- 5 kJ/mol from the isothermal in situ XRPD and nonisothermal DSC experiments, respectively. The Avrami exponent n determined from the isothermal method is 1 at low temperature (530 degrees C), and its value increases linearly with temperature increase up to 2 at 607 degrees C. For the crystallization of Na(2)CaSi(2)O(6) from the Zn-containing glass, higher values of both the crystallization temperature (667 and 661 degrees C) and Ea (223 +/- 10 and 211 +/- 5 kJ/mol) have been found from the isothermal and nonisothermal methods, respectively. The Na(2)ZnSiO(4) crystalline phase crystallizes at lower temperature with respect to Na(2)CaSi(2)O(6), and the Ea value is 266 +/- 20 and 245 +/- 15 kJ/mol from the isothermal and nonisothermal methods, respectively. The results of this work show that the addition of Zn favors the crystallization from the glass at lower temperature with respect to the Zn-free glass. In fact, it causes an increase of Ea for the Na diffusion process, determined using MD simulations, and consequently an overall increase of Ea for the crystallization process of Na(2)CaSi(2)O(6). Our results show good agreement between the Ea and n values obtained with the two different methods and confirm the reliability of the nonisothermal method applied to kinetic crystallization of glassy systems. This study allows the determination of the temperature stability field of the crystalline phases with the view of creating a different glass ceramic useful in the field of bioactive materials.

Cold Atom Optics on Ground and in Space

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rasel, E. M.

Microgravity is the ultimate laboratory environment for experiments in fundamental physics based on cold atoms. The talk will give a survey of recent activities on atomic quantum sensors and atom lasers. Inertial atomic quantum sensors are a promising and complementary technique for experiments in fundamental physics. Pioneering experiments at Yale [1,2] and Stanford [3] displayed recently the fascinating potential of matter-wave interferometers for precision measurements. The talk will present the status of a transportable matter-wave sensor under development at the Institut für Quantenoptik in Hannover: CASI. CASI stands for Cold Atom Sagnac Interferometer. The use of cold atoms makes it possible to realise compact devices with sensitivities competitive with classical state-of-the-art sensors. CASI's projected sensitivity is about 10-9 rad/ssurd Hz at the projection noise limit. The heart of our set-up will be a 15cm-long Mach-Zehnder interferometer formed by coherently splitting the atoms with Raman-type interactions. CASI is designed as a movable device, that it can be compared with other matter-wave sensors such as the cold caesium atom gyroscope at the BNM-SYRTE in Paris [4]. CASI is intimately connected with HYPER, an European initiative to send four atom interferometers in space hosted on a drag-free satellite. Main emphasis of the mission is placed on the mapping of the Earth's Lense-Thirring effect. Tests of the Equivalence Principle is under consideration as an alternative goal of high scientific value. HYPER was selected three years ago by the European Space Agency (ESA) as candidate for a future small-satellite mission within the next 10 to 15 years and is supported with detailed feasibility studies [5]. The latest status of the mission will be given. [1] T.L. Gustavson, A. Landragin, M.A, Kasevich, Rotation sensing with a dual atom-interferometer Sagnac gyroscope, Class. Quantum Grav. 17, 2385-2398 (2000) [2] J.M. McGuirk, G.T. Foster, J.B. Fixler, M.J. Snadden, M.A. Kasevich, Sensitive absolute-gravity gradiometry using atom interferometry, Phys. Rev. A 65, 033608-1 (2002) [3] A. Peters, K.Y. Chung, S. Chu, High-precision gravity measurements using atom interferometry, Metrologia 38, 25-61 (2001) [4] F. Yver-Leduc, P. Cheinet, J. Fils, A. Clairon, N. Dimarcq, D. Holleville, P. Bouyer, and A. Landragin. A. J. Opt. B : Quant. Semiclass. Opt. 5, S136 (2003) [5] http://sci.esa.int/home/hyper/index.cfm

Fast-track services for all? The preferences of Chinese-, Korean-, and Thai-speaking women attending a sexual health service.

PubMed

Martin, Lynne; Knight, Vickie; Read, Phillip J; McNulty, Anna

2013-12-01

Sydney Sexual Health Centre (SSHC) Xpress clinic has significantly reduced the length of stay and waiting time for clients at SSHC but is currently only available to clients who can read and understand a high level of English. This reduces access for culturally and linguistically diverse (CALD) clients. This study sought to determine the acceptability of 4 proposed components of an express clinic model among CALD clients: computer-assisted self-interview (CASI), self-collection of swabs/urine specimens, not having a physical examination, and consultation with a health promotion officer rather than with a clinician. Differences in acceptability based on language group, new or return client status, sex worker status, clinic visited status, and age were analyzed. A cross-sectional, anonymous questionnaire was offered to all female Chinese, Thai, and Korean clients attending SSHC between March and November 2012. Multivariate regression and Pearson χ statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12 software. A total of 366 questionnaires were returned from 149 Thai, 145 Chinese, and 72 Korean participants. After multivariate analysis, the only predictor of willingness to use an express model of service provision was language group: overall, 67% Thai (odds ratio, 3.74: confidence interval [CI], 2.03-6.89; P < 0.01) and 64% Korean (odds ratio, 3.58; CI, 1.77-7.25, P < 0.01) said that they would use it compared with 35% Chinese. Age, history of sex work, new or returning clients, and general or language clinic attendance did not impact on choices. Within the preference for individual components of the model, more Thai women were happy with using a health promotion officer (43.2%) than Chinese (14.1%) or Korean (8.5%) (P < 0.001); no groups were happy with forfeiting a physical examination; Thai (48.6%) and Korean (40.9%) were happier with self-swabbing than Chinese women (23.9%, P < 0.001); and more Thai were happy to use a CASI (44.2%) than Chinese (12%) or Korean (11.1%; P < 0.001). This research shows that the components of an express model used at SSHC are not favorable to our CALD client base. Despite a CALD express clinic having the potential to reduce waiting times, most clients did not favor reduced waiting time over being physically examined or using a CASI.

Dual Regulation of Bacillus subtilis kinB Gene Encoding a Sporulation Trigger by SinR through Transcription Repression and Positive Stringent Transcription Control.

PubMed

Fujita, Yasutaro; Ogura, Mitsuo; Nii, Satomi; Hirooka, Kazutake

2017-01-01

It is known that transcription of kinB encoding a trigger for Bacillus subtilis sporulation is under repression by SinR, a master repressor of biofilm formation, and under positive stringent transcription control depending on the adenine species at the transcription initiation nucleotide (nt). Deletion and base substitution analyses of the kinB promoter (P kinB ) region using lacZ fusions indicated that either a 5-nt deletion (Δ5, nt -61/-57, +1 is the transcription initiation nt) or the substitution of G at nt -45 with A (G-45A) relieved kinB repression. Thus, we found a pair of SinR-binding consensus sequences (GTTCTYT; Y is T or C) in an inverted orientation (SinR-1) between nt -57/-42, which is most likely a SinR-binding site for kinB repression. This relief from SinR repression likely requires SinI, an antagonist of SinR. Surprisingly, we found that SinR is essential for positive stringent transcription control of P kinB . Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) analysis indicated that SinR bound not only to SinR-1 but also to SinR-2 (nt -29/-8) consisting of another pair of SinR consensus sequences in a tandem repeat arrangement; the two sequences partially overlap the '-35' and '-10' regions of P kinB . Introduction of base substitutions (T-27C C-26T) in the upstream consensus sequence of SinR-2 affected positive stringent transcription control of P kinB , suggesting that SinR binding to SinR-2 likely causes this positive control. EMSA also implied that RNA polymerase and SinR are possibly bound together to SinR-2 to form a transcription initiation complex for kinB transcription. Thus, it was suggested in this work that derepression of kinB from SinR repression by SinI induced by Spo0A∼P and occurrence of SinR-dependent positive stringent transcription control of kinB might induce effective sporulation cooperatively, implying an intimate interplay by stringent response, sporulation, and biofilm formation.

Totally asymmetric simple exclusion process with entrance rate sin(x)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Liang, Yifan; Chen, Xiaoyu; Liu, Yanna; Xiao, Song

2017-03-01

In recently, traffic jams have become the focus and one used different approaches to study them. In this paper, the function of sin(x) is used to simulate the enter rate α of the peak period to work. The mean field approach has been used to calculate the phase diagrams and these results were compared with Monte Carlo simulations. They are good agreement. When traffic accidents occur at the exit, the exit rate β will be less than 1 and traffic jams will occur. Different fixed the exit rate β is used to calculate the additional energy consumption. The additional energy consumption will increase with the reducing of the exit rate β.

Comparative Analyses of Multi-Pulse Phase Controlled Rectifiers in Continuous Conduction Mode with a Two-Pole LC Output Filter for Surface Ship DC Applications

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-03-01

for this sub-mode, the minimum inductor current occurs at an angle 3 3t  (where 3 60    referenced to  ), as shown in Figure 13. 24...can be rewritten as    sin cos cosb b b ApA B      . (73) Grouping similar terms, yields  sin cosb b ApA B         , (74...where the fundamental frequency and each harmonic component are displayed graphically in a bar chart format as shown in Figure 25. The total current

Quaternary re-arrangement analysed by spectral enhancement: the interaction of a sporulation repressor with its antagonist.

PubMed

Scott, D J; Leejeerajumnean, S; Brannigan, J A; Lewis, R J; Wilkinson, A J; Hoggett, J G

1999-11-12

The protein/protein interaction between SinI and SinR has been studied by analytical ultracentrifugation and gel electrophoresis in an attempt to understand how these proteins contribute to developmental control of sporulation in Bacillus subtilis. SinR was found to be tetrameric, while SinI was found to exist as monomers and dimers in a rapidly reversible equilibrium. Labelling of SinR by incorporating the tryptophan analogue 7-azatryptophan (7AW) into the protein in place of tryptophan shifts the UV absorbance spectrum, thus allowing selective monitoring of 7AWSinR at 315 nm using the UV absorption optics of the analytical ultracentrifuge. Selective monitoring of SinR in mixtures of SinR and SinI enables the binding and stoichiometry of the interaction to be investigated quantitatively and unambiguously. We demonstrate that the oligomeric forms of SinR and SinI re-arrange to form a tight 1:1 SinR:SinI complex, with no stable intermediate species. A fragment of SinR, SinR(1-69), which contains only the DNA-binding domain, was found to be monomeric, showing that the protein appears not to oligomerise in a similar manner to the Cro repressor, a protein with which it shares a marked structural similarity. Copyright 1999 Academic Press.

Sin3b interacts with Myc and decreases Myc levels.

PubMed

Garcia-Sanz, Pablo; Quintanilla, Andrea; Lafita, M Carmen; Moreno-Bueno, Gema; García-Gutierrez, Lucia; Tabor, Vedrana; Varela, Ignacio; Shiio, Yuzuru; Larsson, Lars-Gunnar; Portillo, Francisco; Leon, Javier

2014-08-08

Myc expression is deregulated in many human cancers. A yeast two-hybrid screen has revealed that the transcriptional repressor Sin3b interacts with Myc protein. Endogenous Myc and Sin3b co-localize and interact in the nuclei of human and rat cells, as assessed by co-immunoprecipitation, immunofluorescence, and proximity ligation assay. The interaction is Max-independent. A conserved Myc region (amino acids 186-203) is required for the interaction with Sin3 proteins. Histone deacetylase 1 is recruited to Myc-Sin3b complexes, and its deacetylase activity is required for the effects of Sin3b on Myc. Myc and Sin3a/b co-occupied many sites on the chromatin of human leukemia cells, although the presence of Sin3 was not associated with gene down-regulation. In leukemia cells and fibroblasts, Sin3b silencing led to Myc up-regulation, whereas Sin3b overexpression induced Myc deacetylation and degradation. An analysis of Sin3b expression in breast tumors revealed an association between low Sin3b expression and disease progression. The data suggest that Sin3b decreases Myc protein levels upon Myc deacetylation. As Sin3b is also required for transcriptional repression by Mxd-Max complexes, our results suggest that, at least in some cell types, Sin3b limits Myc activity through two complementary activities: Mxd-dependent gene repression and reduction of Myc levels. © 2014 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.

The increase in the number of astrocytes in the total cerebral ischemia model in rats

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kudabayeva, M.; Kisel, A.; Chernysheva, G.; Smol'yakova, V.; Plotnikov, M.; Khodanovich, M.

2017-08-01

Astrocytes are the most abundant cell class in the CNS. Astrocytic therapies have a huge potential for neuronal repair after stroke. The majority of brain stroke studies address the damage to neurons. Modern studies turn to the usage of morphological and functional changes in astroglial cells after stroke in regenerative medicine. Our study is focused on the changes in the number of astrocytes in the hippocampus (where new glia cells divide) after brain ischemia. Ischemia was modeled by occlusion of tr. brachiocephalicus, a. subclavia sin., a. carotis communis sin. Astrocytes were determined using immunohistochemical labeling with anti GFAP antibody. We found out that the number of astrocytes increased on the 10th and 30th days after stroke in the CA1, CA2 fields, the granular layer of dentate gyrus (GrDG) and hilus. The morphology of astrocytes became reactive in these regions. Therefore, our results revealed long-term reactive astrogliosis in the hippocampus region after total ischemia in rats.

Disruptions of brain structural network in end-stage renal disease patients with long-term hemodialysis and normal-appearing brain tissues.

PubMed

Chou, Ming-Chung; Ko, Chih-Hung; Chang, Jer-Ming; Hsieh, Tsyh-Jyi

2018-05-04

End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis were demonstrated to exhibit silent and invisible white-matter alterations which would likely lead to disruptions of brain structural networks. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients. Thiry-three ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues and 29 age- and gender-matched healthy controls were enrolled in this study and underwent both cognitive ability screening instrument (CASI) assessment and diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) acquisition. Brain structural connectivity network was constructed using probabilistic tractography with automatic anatomical labeling template. Graph-theory analysis was performed to detect the alterations of node-strength, node-degree, node-local efficiency, and node-clustering coefficient in ESRD patients. Correlational analysis was performed to understand the relationship between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Structural connectivity, node-strength, node-degree, and node-local efficiency were significantly decreased, whereas node-clustering coefficient was significantly increased in ESRD patients as compared with healthy controls. The disrupted local structural networks were generally associated with common neurological complications of ESRD patients, but the correlational analysis did not reveal significant correlation between network measures, CASI score, and dialysis duration. Graph-theory analysis was helpful to investigate disruptions of brain structural network in ESRD patients with normal-appearing brain tissues. Copyright © 2018. Published by Elsevier Masson SAS.

Dehydration and dehydroxylation of C-S-H phases synthesized on silicon wafers

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Giraudo, Nicolas; Bergdolt, Samuel; Laye, Fabrice; Krolla, Peter; Lahann, Joerg; Thissen, Peter

2018-03-01

In this work, the synthesis of specific ultrathin Calcium-Silicate-Hydrate (C-S-H) phases on silicon wafers and their transformation into C-S phases is achieved. Specific mineral phases are identified, and the synthesis is successful controlled. Samples are investigated by means of Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and the results are analyzed based on first-principles calculations. When C-S-H phases are transformed into C-S phases, only a few reflexes are detected on XRD, and the coherent scattering domains decrease with the increment of the temperature and time of exposure. This behavior is explained by the Ca/Si changes, which are identified by changes in the FTIR spectra. A thermodynamic analysis is performed with the help of first-principles calculations to underline the influence of the calcium-to-silicon (Ca/Si) ratio in the process of dehydroxylation. To increase the Ca/Si ratio water is partially substituted by methanol at the synthesis. This is observed in the FTIR spectra and is confirmed by lower temperatures of dehydroxylation. The catalytic nature of calcium towards the dehydroxylation is confirmed. The core of this work lies in the preparation of a model, which perfection makes possible to model reactivity, stability and mechanical properties using first-principles calculations, and is the starting point for the synthesis of many others.

Epigenetic activation of SIN1 promotes NSCLC cell proliferation and metastasis by affecting the epithelial–mesenchymal transition

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Hu, Zhongwu; Wang, Yaqin; Wang, Yuemei

Stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK) interacting protein 1 (SIN1) is an essential component of mTORC2. Previous studies have shown that SIN1 is a key regulator of Akt pathway which plays an important role in various pathological conditions including cancer. While its effects and mechanisms on the progression of NSCLC remain unknown. In this study, we report that SIN1 is able to promote the growth and migration of NSCLC cells both in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of SIN1 promoted A549 and H1299 cells proliferation by both MTT and colony formation assays. Consistently, knockdown of SIN1 inhibited the proliferation of these cells. In transwell assay,more » overexpression of SIN1 increased the migration of A549 and H1299 cells, while SIN1 knockdown reduced their migration. In a tumor xenograft model, overexpression of SIN1 promoted tumor growth of A549 cells in vivo, while SIN1 knockdown suppresses the tumor growth. We also found a mechanistic link between SIN1 and H3K4me3, H3K4me3 is involved in SIN1 upregulation. Moreover, SIN1 can significantly promote the in vitro migration and invasion of NSCLC cells via induction epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) process, which subsequently leads to transcriptional downregulation of epithelial marker E-cadherin and upregulation of mesenchymal markers N-cadherin and Vimentin expression. Together, our results reveal that SIN1 plays an important role in NSCLC and SIN1 is a potential biomarker and a promising target in the treatment of NSCLC.« less

Center for Aeronautics and Space Information Sciences

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Flynn, Michael J.

1992-01-01

This report summarizes the research done during 1991/92 under the Center for Aeronautics and Space Information Science (CASIS) program. The topics covered are computer architecture, networking, and neural nets.

Identification of sinensetin metabolites in rat urine by an isotope-labeling method and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry.

PubMed

Wei, Guor-Jien; Sheen, Jenn-Feng; Lu, Wen-Chien; Hwang, Lucy Sun; Ho, Chi-Tang; Lin, Ching-I

2013-05-29

Sinensetin (SIN), one of the major polymethoxyflavones (PMFs) contained mainly in the citrus peels, has been reported to possess various bioactivities, including antifungal, antimutagenic, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory activities. Although the biotransformation of SIN in fungi and insects has been reported, the information about the metabolism of SIN in mammals is still unclear. In this study, formation of SIN metabolites in rats was investigated. Four isotope-labeled SINs ([4'-D3]SIN, [3'-D3]SIN, [5-D3]SIN, and [6-D3]SIN) were synthesized and administered to rat. The urine samples were collected and main metabolites were monitored by ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. The administered compound and four SIN metabolites were detected in rat urine. These metabolites were identified as 4'-hydroxy-5,6,7,3'-tetramethoxyflavone, 5-hydroxy-6,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, 6-hydroxy-5,7,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone, and 7-hydroxy-5,6,3',4'-tetramethoxyflavone sulfate.

Geometric and electronic structures of silicon-sodium binary clusters. I. Ionization energy of SinNam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kishi, Reiko; Iwata, Suehiro; Nakajima, Atsushi; Kaya, Koji

1997-08-01

Sodium doped silicon clusters (SinNam; 1⩽n⩽14, 1⩽m⩽5) produced by two types of laser vaporization were studied. The adsorption of Na atoms on the Sin clusters leads the substantial lowering of the ionization energy, Ei, of SinNam clusters. Their reactivity toward NO molecules was measured with a fast flow reactor, and the anticorrelation between the Eis and the reactivity was clearly observed; species having low Ei exhibit high reactivity and vice versa. Moreover, the clear parallelism between the Eis of SinNa and the EAs of Sin is found. This is consistent with the fact that the structure of SinNa clusters keeps the frame of the corresponding Sin cluster unchanged and that the electronic structure of SinNa is similar to that of the corresponding negative ion Sin-. In addition to the experimental studies, the geometries, adsorption energies, and vertical ionization energies of SinNa (n=1-7) were investigated with ab initio MO calculations including electron correlation; The Møller-Plesset perturbation theory was used and the configuration interaction (CI) calculation was carried out, particularly for a diatomic molecule, SiNa.

Specific requirement of the chromatin modifier mSin3B in cell cycle exit and cellular differentiation

PubMed Central

David, Gregory; Grandinetti, Kathryn B.; Finnerty, Patricia M.; Simpson, Natalie; Chu, Gerald C.; DePinho, Ronald A.

2008-01-01

The Sin3-histone deacetylase (HDAC) corepressor complex is conserved from yeast to humans. Mammals possess two highly related Sin3 proteins, mSin3A and mSin3B, which serve as scaffolds tethering HDAC enzymatic activity, and numerous sequence-specific transcription factors to enable local chromatin regulation at specific gene targets. Despite broad overlapping expression of mSin3A and mSin3B, mSin3A is cell-essential and vital for early embryonic development. Here, genetic disruption of mSin3B reveals a very different phenotype characterized by the survival of cultured cells and lethality at late stages of embryonic development with defective differentiation of multiple lineages—phenotypes that are strikingly reminiscent of those associated with loss of retinoblastoma family members or E2F transcriptional repressors. Additionally, we observe that, whereas mSin3B−/− cells cycle normally under standard growth conditions, they show an impaired ability to exit the cell cycle with limiting growth factors. Correspondingly, mSin3B interacts physically with the promoters of known E2F target genes, and its deficiency is associated with derepression of these gene targets in vivo. Together, these results reveal a critical role for mSin3B in the control of cell cycle exit and terminal differentiation in mammals and establish contrasting roles for the mSin3 proteins in the growth and development of specific lineages. PMID:18332431

Electrolysis of simulated lunar melts

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Lewis, R. H.; Lindstrom, D. J.; Haskin, L. A.

1985-01-01

Electrolysis of molten lunar soil or rock is examined as an attractive means of wresting useful raw materials from lunar rocks. It requires only hat to melt the soil or rock and electricity to electrolyze it, and both can be developed from solar power. The conductivities of the simple silicate diopside, Mg CaSi2O6 were measured. Iron oxide was added to determine the effect on conductivity. The iron brought about substantial electronic conduction. The conductivities of simulated lunar lavas were measured. The simulated basalt had an AC conductivity nearly a fctor of two higher than that of diopside, reflecting the basalt's slightly higher total concentration of the 2+ ions Ca, Mg, and Fe that are the dominant charge carriers. Electrolysis was shown to be about 30% efficient for the basalt composition.

Facilitators and barriers to disclosing abuse among women with disabilities.

PubMed

Curry, Mary Ann; Renker, Paula; Robinson-Whelen, Susan; Hughes, Rosemary B; Swank, Paul; Oschwald, Mary; Powers, Laurie E

2011-01-01

An anonymous audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) designed to increase awareness of abuse was completed by 305 women with diverse disabilities. Data were also collected about lifetime and past year abuse; perpetrator risk characteristics; facilitators and barriers to disclosing abuse; abuse disclosure to a health provider, case manager, or police officer; and whether a health provider had ever discussed abuse or personal safety. A total of 276 (90%) women reported abuse, 208 (68%) reported abuse within the past year. Women who reported the most abuse experiences in the past year and the most dangerous perpetrators endorsed fewer facilitators and more barriers, but were also more likely to have ever disclosed abuse. Only 15% reported that a health provider had ever discussed abuse and personal safety.

The Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score: Impact on Oncologic Decision-Making.

PubMed

Versteeg, Anne L; Verlaan, Jorrit-Jan; Sahgal, Arjun; Mendel, Ehud; Quraishi, Nasir A; Fourney, Daryl R; Fisher, Charles G

2016-10-15

Systematic literature review. To address the following questions in a systematic literature review: 1. How is spinal neoplastic instability defined or classified in the literature before and after the introduction of the Spinal Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS)? 2. How has SINS affected daily clinical practice? 3. Can SINS be used as a prognostic tool? Spinal neoplastic-related instability was defined in 2010 and simultaneously SINS was introduced as a novel tool with criteria agreed upon by expert consensus to assess the degree of spinal stability. PubMed, Embase, and clinical trial databases were searched with the key words "spinal neoplasm," "spinal instability," "spinal instability neoplastic score," and synonyms. Studies describing spinal neoplastic-related instability were eligible for inclusion. Primary outcomes included studies describing and/or defining neoplastic-related instability, SINS, and studies using SINS as a prognostic factor. The search identified 1414 articles, of which 51 met the inclusion criteria. No precise definition or validated assessment tool was used specific to spinal neoplastic-related instability prior to the introduction of SINS. Since the publication of SINS in 2010, the vast majority of the literature regarding spinal instability has used SINS to assess or describe instability. Twelve studies specifically investigated the prognostic value of SINS in patients who underwent radiotherapy or surgery. No consensus could be determined regarding the definition, assessment, or reporting of neoplastic-related instability before introduction of SINS. Defining spinal neoplastic-related instability and the introduction of SINS have led to improved uniform reporting within the spinal neoplastic literature. Currently, the prognostic value of SINS is controversial. N/A.

Ion-Doped Silicate Bioceramic Coating of Ti-Based Implant

PubMed Central

Mohammadi, Hossein; Sepantafar, Mohammadmajid

2016-01-01

Titanium and its alloy are known as important load-bearing biomaterials. The major drawbacks of these metals are fibrous formation and low corrosion rate after implantation. The surface modification of biomedical implants through various methods such as plasma spray improves their osseointegration and clinical lifetime. Different materials have been already used as coatings on biomedical implant, including calcium phosphates and bioglass. However, these materials have been reported to have limited clinical success. The excellent bioactivity of calcium silicate (Ca-Si) has been also regarded as coating material. However, their high degradation rate and low mechanical strength limit their further coating application. Trace element modification of (Ca-Si) bioceramics is a promising method, which improves their mechanical strength and chemical stability. In this review, the potential of trace element-modified silicate coatings on better bone formation of titanium implant is investigated. PMID:26979401

Mid-Life Proteinuria and Late-Life Cognitive Function and Dementia in Elderly Men: The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study

PubMed Central

Higuchi, Masaya; Chen, Randi; Abbott, Robert D.; Bell, Christina; Launer, Lenore; Ross, G. Webster; Petrovitch, Helen; Masaki, Kamal

2015-01-01

Background Impaired renal function has been linked to cognitive impairment. We assessed mid-life proteinuria and late-life cognitive function in elderly Asian males. Methods The Honolulu Heart Program is a prospective study that began in 1965 with 8,006 Japanese-American men ages 45–68 years. Mid-life proteinuria was detected by urine dipstick in 1971–74. The Honolulu-Asia Aging Study began 20 years later, with cognitive assessment by the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) in 3,734 men. Standard criteria were used to classify 8-year incident dementia and subtypes. RESULTS The age-adjusted incidence of dementia increased significantly from 13.8, to 22.8, to 39.7 per 1,000 person years follow-up, among those with no, trace and positive mid-life proteinuria, p=0.004. Using linear regression adjusting for age, education, APOEε4, stroke, hypertension, systolic blood pressure, diabetes, fasting blood glucose, physical activity and baseline CASI, those with positive proteinuria had significantly higher annual change in CASI over 8 years follow-up (−1.24, p=0.02), reference=no proteinuria. Multivariate Cox regression found positive proteinuria had a significant association with incident all-cause dementia (RR=2.66, 95%CI=1.09–6.53, p=0.03), but no significant associations with incident Alzheimer’s disease or vascular dementia. CONCLUSION Mid-life proteinuria was an independent predictor for late-life incident all-cause dementia and cognitive decline over 8 years. PMID:25626635

Micro-structural characterization of the hydration products of bauxite-calcination-method red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials.

PubMed

Liu, Xiaoming; Zhang, Na; Yao, Yuan; Sun, Henghu; Feng, Huan

2013-11-15

In this research, the micro-structural characterization of the hydration products of red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials has been investigated through SEM-EDS, (27)Al MAS NMR and (29)Si MAS NMR techniques, in which the used red mud was derived from the bauxite calcination method. The results show that the red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials mainly form fibrous C-A-S-H gel, needle-shaped/rod-like AFt in the early hydration period. With increasing of the hydration period, densification of the pastes were promoted resulting in the development of strength. EDS analysis shows that with the Ca/Si of red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials increases, the average Ca/Si and Ca/(Si+Al) atomic ratio of C-A-S-H gel increases, while the average Al/Si atomic ratio of C-A-S-H gel decreases. MAS NMR analysis reveals that Al in the hydration products of red mud-coal gangue based cementitious materials exists in the forms of Al(IV) and Al(VI), but mainly in the form of Al(VI). Increasing the Ca/Si ratio of raw material promotes the conversion of [AlO4] to [AlO6] and inhibits the combination between [AlO4] and [SiO4] to form C-A-S-H gel. Meanwhile, the polymerization degree of [SiO4] in the hydration products declines. Published by Elsevier B.V.

Efficient replication, and evolution of Sindbis virus genomes with non-canonical 3'A/U-rich elements (NC3ARE) in neonatal mice.

PubMed

James, Frederick D; Hietala, Katie A; Eldar, Dganit; Guess, Tiffany E; Cone, Cecil; Mundell, Nathan A; Mundall, Nathan; Barnett, Joey V; Raju, Ramaswamy

2007-12-01

Sindbis virus (SIN) is a mosquito-transmitted animal RNA virus. We previously reported that SIN genomes lacking a canonical 19 nt 3'CSE undergo novel repair processes in BHK cells to generate a library of stable atypical SIN genomes with non-canonical 3'A/U-rich elements (NC3AREs) adjacent to the 3' poly(A) tail [1]. To determine the stability and evolutionary pressures on the SIN genomes with NC3AREs to regain a 3'CSE, five representative SIN isolates and a wild type SIN were tested in newborn mice. The key findings of this study are: (a) all six SIN isolates, including those that have extensive NC3AREs in the 3'NTRs, replicate well and produce high titer viremia in newborn mice; (b) 7-9 successive passages of these isolates in newborn mice produced comparable levels of viremia; (c) while all isolates produced only small-sized plaques during primary infection in animals, both small- and large-sized plaques were generated in all other passages; (d) polymerase stuttering occurs on select 3' oligo(U) motifs to add more U residues within the NC3AREs; (e) the S3-8 isolate with an internal UAUUU motif in the 3'poly(A) tail maintains this element even after 9 passages in animals; (f) despite differences in 3'NTRs and variable tissue distribution, all SIN isolates appear to produce similar tissue pathology in infected animals. Competition experiments with wt SIN and atypical SIN isolates in BHK cells show dominance of wt SIN. As shown for BHK cells in culture, the 3'CSE of the SIN genome is not required for virus replication and genome stability in live animals. Since the NC3AREs of atypical SIN genomes are not specific to SIN replicases, alternate RNA motifs of alphavirus genome must confer specificity in template selection. These studies fulfill the need to confirm the long-term viability of atypical SIN genomes in newborn mice and offer a basis for exploring the use of atypical SIN genomes in biotechnology.

Audio-computer-assisted survey interview and patient navigation to increase chronic viral hepatitis diagnosis and linkage to care in urban health clinics.

PubMed

de la Torre, A N; Castaneda, I; Ahmad, M; Ekholy, N; Tham, N; Herrera, I B; Beaty, P; Malapero, R J; Ayoub, F; Slim, J; Johnson, M B

2017-12-01

Intravenous drug use and sexual practices account for 60% of hepatitis C (HCV) and B (HBV) infection. Disclosing these activities can be embarrassing and reduce risk reporting, blood testing and diagnosis. In diagnosed patients, linkage to care remains a challenge. Audio-computer-assisted survey interview (Audio-CASI) was used to guide HCV and HBV infection testing in urban clinics. Risk reporting, blood testing and serology results were compared to historical controls. A patient navigator (PN) followed up blood test results and provided patients with positive serology linkage to care (LTC). Of 1932 patients surveyed, 574 (30%) were at risk for chronic viral hepatitis. A total of 254 (44.3%) patients were tested, 34 (13.5%) had serology warranting treatment evaluation, and 64% required HBV vaccination. Of 16 patients with infection, seven HCV and three HBV patients started treatment following patient LTC. Of 146 HBV-naïve patients, 70 completed vaccination. About 75% and 49% of HCV antibody and HBV surface antigen-positive patients were born between 1945 and 1965. Subsequently, automated HCV testing of patients born between 1945 and 1965 was built into our hospital electronic medical records. Average monthly HCV antibody testing increased from 245 (January-June) to 1187 (July-October). Patient navigator directed LTC for HCV antibody-positive patients was 61.6%. In conclusion, audio-CASI can identify patients at risk for HCV or HBV infection and those in need of HBV vaccination in urban medical clinics. Although blood testing once a patient is identified at risk for infection needs to increase, a PN is useful to provide LTC of newly diagnosed patients. © 2017 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.

Inhibition of polyomavirus ori-dependent DNA replication by mSin3B.

PubMed

Xie, An-Yong; Folk, William R

2002-12-01

When tethered in cis to DNA, the transcriptional corepressor mSin3B inhibits polyomavirus (Py) ori-dependent DNA replication in vivo. Histone deacetylases (HDACs) appear not to be involved, since tethering class I and class II HDACs in cis does not inhibit replication and treating the cells with trichostatin A does not specifically relieve inhibition by mSin3B. However, the mSin3B L59P mutation that impairs mSin3B interaction with N-CoR/SMRT abrogates inhibition of replication, suggesting the involvement of N-CoR/SMRT. Py large T antigen interacts with mSin3B, suggesting an HDAC-independent mechanism by which mSin3B inhibits DNA replication.

Estuarine Landcover Along the Lower Columbia River Estuary Determined from Compact Ariborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) Imagery, Technical Report 2003.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Garono, Ralph; Robinson, Rob

2003-10-01

Developing an understanding of the distribution and changes in estuarine and riparian habitats is critical to the management of biological resources in the lower Columbia River. In a recently completed comprehensive ecosystem protection and enhancement plan for the lower Columbia River Estuary (CRE), Jerrick (1999) identified habitat loss and modification as one of the key threats to the integrity of the CRE ecosystem. This management plan called for an inventory of habitats as key first step in the CRE long-term restoration effort. While previous studies have produced useful data sets depicting habitat cover types along portions of the lower CREmore » (Thomas, 1980; Thomas, 1983; Graves et al., 1995; NOAA, 1997; Allen, 1999), no single study has produced a description of the habitats for the entire CRE. Moreover, the previous studies differed in data sources and methodologies making it difficult to merge data or to make temporal comparisons. Therefore, the Lower Columbia River Estuary Partnership (Estuary Partnership) initiated a habitat cover mapping project in 2000. The goal of this project was to produce a data set depicting the current habitat cover types along the lower Columbia River, from its mouth to the Bonneville Dam, a distance of {approx}230-km (Fig. 1) using both established and emerging remote sensing techniques. For this project, we acquired two types of imagery, Landsat 7 ETM+ and Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI). Landsat and CASI imagery differ in spatial and spectral resolution: the Landsat 7 ETM+ sensor collects reflectance data in seven spectral bands with a spatial resolution of 30-m and the CASI sensor collects reflectance data in 19 bands (in our study) with a spatial resolution of 1.5-m. We classified both sets of imagery and produced a spatially linked, hierarchical habitat data set for the entire CRE and its floodplain. Landsat 7 ETM+ classification results are presented in a separate report (Garono et al., 2003). This report presents classification results from analysis of the CASI imagery. Data sets produced for this project from both types of imagery fill a critical information gap by creating a current description of the condition and extent of estuarine habitat cover types along the lower Columbia River. Results from this study will be used by the Estuary Partnership and its cooperators to: (1) develop indicators of 'habitat health' and biological integrity; (2) develop definitions of 'critical salmonid habitat'; (3) identify and evaluate potential wetland conservation and restoration sites; (4) track exotic and invasive species; and (5) develop an understanding of how estuarine and riverine habitats have changed over the past 200 years. This study focuses on estuarine and riparian habitat cover types important to native species, particularly juvenile salmonids. This study is meant to provide support to the multiple efforts currently underway to recover 12 species of Columbia River salmonids identified as endangered or threatened under the Endangered Species Act.« less

Algunos Resumenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

1980-12-01

EI "Palomar Observatory Sky Survey" es un medio auxiliar bien conocido y ütil para los astronomos. Todo el cielo dei hemisferio Norte esta captado en lotografias, cuyas reproducciones se encuentran archivadas en las bibliotecas de casi todos los observatorios importantes dei mundo.

Home of the 161st Air Refueling Wing

Science.gov Websites

integrity, hard work and dedication. (U.S. Air National Guard photo by 2nd Lt. Tinashe Machona) Tinashe the Casy Gala! Thank you for your hard ... Facebook Logo Congratulations to our newest Airman

NASA's online machine aided indexing system

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silvester, June P.; Genuardi, Michael T.; Klingbiel, Paul H.

1993-01-01

This report describes the NASA Lexical Dictionary, a machine aided indexing system used online at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Center for Aerospace Information (CASI). This system is comprised of a text processor that is based on the computational, non-syntactic analysis of input text, and an extensive 'knowledge base' that serves to recognize and translate text-extracted concepts. The structure and function of the various NLD system components are described in detail. Methods used for the development of the knowledge base are discussed. Particular attention is given to a statistically-based text analysis program that provides the knowledge base developer with a list of concept-specific phrases extracted from large textual corpora. Production and quality benefits resulting from the integration of machine aided indexing at CASI are discussed along with a number of secondary applications of NLD-derived systems including on-line spell checking and machine aided lexicography.

Sinomenine inhibits lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory injury by regulation of miR-101/MKP-1/JNK pathway in keratinocyte cells.

PubMed

Liu, Shumei; Man, Yigang; Zhao, Li

2018-05-01

Recent studies have demonstrated that Sinomenine (SIN) exerted anti-inflammatory effect in various immune-related diseases. However, the effect of SIN on glucocorticoids dermatitis has not been investigated. In our study, we aimed to explore the effect of SIN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory injury in HaCaT cells. We constructed an inflammatory injury model of LPS-induced HaCaT cells, then SIN was added to LPS-treated cells, cell viability, apoptosis, apoptosis-associated factors and inflammatory cytokines were detected by CCK-8, flow cytometry, western blot, qRT-PCR and ELISA. Subsequently, miR-101 mimic and mimic control were transfected into HaCaT cells to investigate the effect of SIN and miR-101 on LPS-induced cells injury. Furthermore, MKP-1 and JNK signal pathways were measured by qRT-PCR and western blot. Finally, the animal experiment was performed to further clarify the effect of SIN on inflammatoty injury. LPS suppressed cell viability, promoted apoptosis and increased IL-6, IL-8 and TNF-α expressions and secretions in HaCaT cells. SIN significantly alleviated LPS-induced HaCaT cells injury. Additionally, SIN down-regulated miR-101 expression, and the protective effect of SIN on LPS-induced inflammatory injury was abolished by miR-101 overexpression. Besides, SIN promoted MKP-1 expression by down-regulation of miR-101, and SIN inhibited JNK signal pathway by up-regulation of MKP-1 expression in LPS-treated HaCaT cells. Animal experiments revealed that SIN exhibited anti-inflammatory effects in vivo. The data indicated that SIN attenuated LPS-induced inflammatory injury by regulation of miR-101, MKP-1 and JNK pathway. These findings might provide a novel method for treatment of glucocorticoids dermatitis. Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.

[National epidemiological surveillance systems of mesothelioma cases].

PubMed

Ferrante, Pierpaolo; Binazzi, Alessandra; Branchi, Claudia; Marinaccio, Alessandro

2016-01-01

INTRODUZIONE: sebbene la relazione causale tra esposizione ad amianto e malattie neoplastiche sia ben nota, in molti Paesi il consumo del materiale è ancora rilevante e crescente. A causa della lunga latenza, nei Paesi dove è stato bandito (come in Italia) è oggi in corso un'epidemia di malattie correlate ad amianto. OBIETTIVI: descrivere i sistemi di sorveglianza dei mesoteliomi attivi nel mondo mediante un'analisi comparativa. è stata condotta una revisione bibliografica della letteratura disponibile sui sistemi di sorveglianza epidemiologica dei mesoteliomi attivi nel mondo, comparando metodi e risultati disponibili. RISULTATI: sistemi di ricerca dei casi incidenti e di analisi anamnestica dei soggetti ammalati sono attivi solo in Italia, Francia e Corea del Sud. I Paesi presso i quali sono attivi sistemi di rilevazione e controllo dei casi incidenti di mesotelioma sono quelli in cui vige il bando dell'amianto e che hanno sperimentato consumi rilevanti in passato. Non sono stati istituiti sistemi epidemiologici di sorveglianza in molti Paesi dove il consumo di amianto è ancora importante (inclusi Russia, Cina, India e Brasile). CONCLUSIONI: si conferma l'importanza dei sistemi di sorveglianza epidemiologica dei mesoteliomi per la sanità pubblica, il sostegno alle politiche di welfare e la prevenzione dei rischi. Lo sviluppo di progetti per tendere a una maggiore uniformità nei metodi di ricerca dei casi, di classificazione delle diagnosi e dell'esposizione e nelle tecniche di analisi dei dati potrebbe consentire una maggiore fruibilità dei dati aggregati. La disponibilità di dati internazionali confrontabili può essere di stimolo all'adozione di provvedimenti di bando internazionale.

Adsorption of gluconate and uranyl on C-S-H phases: Combination of wet chemistry experiments and molecular dynamics simulations for the binary systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Androniuk, Iuliia; Landesman, Catherine; Henocq, Pierre; Kalinichev, Andrey G.

2017-06-01

As a first step in developing better molecular scale understanding of the effects of organic additives on the adsorption and mobility of radionuclides in cement under conditions of geological nuclear waste repositories, two complementary approaches, wet chemistry experiments and molecular dynamics (MD) computer simulations, were applied to study the sorption behaviour of two simple model systems: gluconate and uranyl on calcium silicate hydrate phases (C-S-H) - the principal mineral component of hardened cement paste (HCP). Experimental data on sorption and desorption kinetics and isotherms of adsorption for gluconate/C-S-H and U(VI)/C-S-H binary systems were collected and quantitatively analysed for C-S-H samples synthesised with various Ca/Si ratios (0.83, 1.0, 1.4) corresponding to various stages of HCP aging and degradation. Gluconate labelled with 14C isotope was used in order to improve the sensitivity of analytical detection technique (LSC) at particularly low concentrations (10-8-10-5 mol/L). There is a noticeable effect of Ca/Si ratio on the gluconate sorption on C-S-H, with stronger sorption at higher Ca/Si ratios. Sorption of organic anions on C-S-H is mediated by the presence of Ca2+ at the interface and strongly depends on the surface charge and Ca2+ concentration. In parallel, classical MD simulations of the same model systems were performed in order to identify specific surface sorption sites most actively involved in the sorption of gluconate and uranyl on C-S-H and to clarify molecular mechanisms of adsorption.

Feasibility of using computer-assisted interviewing to enhance HIV test counseling in community settings.

PubMed

Cohall, Alwyn T; Dini, Sheila; Senathirajah, Yalini; Nye, Andrea; Neu, Natalie; Powell, Donald; Powell, Borris; Hyden, Christel

2008-01-01

Significant advances in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) place a premium on early detection and linkage to care. Recognizing the need to efficiently yet comprehensively provide HIV counseling, we assessed the feasibility of using audio computer-assisted self-inventory (A-CASI) in a community-based HIV counseling and testing facility. A convenience sample of 50 adults presenting for HIV testing was recruited to complete an 85-item computerized HIV Assessment of Risk Inventory (HARI) containing domains of demographics, sexual behaviors, alcohol and substance use, emotional well-being, past experiences with HIV testing, and attitudes about taking HARI. Client acceptance rate was limited by the completion time outlined during the intake process. However, the majority of respondents who completed HARI felt that it took only a short to moderate time to complete and was easy to understand. A majority also reported a preference for using a computerized format in the future. Further, HARI identified a number of risk-taking behaviors, including unprotected anal sex and substance use prior to past sexual encounters. Additionally, more than half of the sample reported moderate to severe depressive symptoms. Those respondents who had time to complete the survey accepted the A-CASI interview, and it was successful at identifying a substantial level of risk-taking behaviors. A-CASI has the potential to guide HIV counselors in providing risk-reduction counseling and referral activities. However, results suggested the need to shorten the instrument, and further studies are needed to determine applicability in other HIV testing sites.

IN GRAMMAR'S FALL, WE SINNED ALL.

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

TIBBETTS, A.M.

THROUGH THEIR LOSS OF FAITH IN TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR, MEN HAVE "SINNED" AND CONTRIBUTED SLIGHTLY BUT IMPORTANTLY TO THE CREATION OF AN AMORAL AND RELATIVISTIC SOCIETY. PROMPTED BY THE SIN OF INTELLECTUAL PRIDE, SOME LINGUISTS SEEM TO ASSUME THAT GRAMMATICAL PROBLEMS CAN BE SOLVED BY RATIOCINATION ALONE. IGNORANCE OF THE PAST--ANOTHER SIN--AND…

CO Tully-Fisher relation of star-forming galaxies at z = 0.05 - 0.3

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Topal, Selçuk; Bureau, Martin; Tiley, Alfred L.; Davis, Timothy A.; Torii, Kazufumi

2018-06-01

The Tully-Fisher relation (TFR) is an empirical relation between galaxy luminosity and rotation velocity. We present here the first TFR of galaxies beyond the local Universe that uses carbon monoxide (CO) as the kinematic tracer. Our final sample includes 25 isolated, non-interacting star-forming galaxies with double-horned or boxy CO integrated line profiles located at redshifts z ≤ 0.3, drawn from a larger ensemble of 67 detected objects. The best reverse Ks-band, stellar mass and baryonic mass CO TFRs are respectively M_{Ks}=(-8.4± 2.9)[log (W_{50}/km s^{-1}/sin {i})-2.5] + (-23.5± 0.5), log (M_{\\star } / M_⊙ )=(5.2± 3.0)[log (W_{50}/km s^{-1}/sin {i})-2.5] + (10.1± 0.5) and log (M_b / M_⊙ )=(4.9± 2.8)[log (W_{50}/km s^{-1}/sin {i})-2.5] + (10.2± 0.5), where M_{Ks} is the total absolute Ks-band magnitude of the objects, M⋆ and Mb their total stellar and baryonic masses, and W50 the width of their line profile at 50% of the maximum. Dividing the sample into different redshift bins and comparing to the TFRs of a sample of local (z = 0) star-forming galaxies from the literature, we find no significant evolution in the slopes and zero-points of the TFRs since z ≈ 0.3, this in either luminosity or mass. In agreement with a growing number of CO TFR studies of nearby galaxies, we more generally find that CO is a suitable and attractive alternative to neutral hydrogen (H I). Our work thus provides an important benchmark for future higher redshift CO TFR studies.

[Not Available].

PubMed

Rojo-Trejo, María Elena; Rangel Peniche, Diana Beatriz; Arellano Jiménez, María Del Rocío; Sabath Silva, Ernesto Francisco

2016-06-30

Introducción: el bajo peso al nacer (BPN) es un factor de riesgo para desarrollar obesidad en la vida adulta.Objetivo: evaluar diferencias en la composición corporal de niños de entre 8 y 10 años de edad con y sin antecedente de BPN.Métodos: fue un estudio observacional, transversal comparativo. Participaron 112 niños (95 con adecuado peso al nacer [APN] y 17 con BPN). Se realizó antropometría (peso, talla, circunferencias de cintura y cadera, pliegue cutáneo de tríceps [PCT] y subescapular [PCSE]).Resultados: se encontró una prevalencia combinada del 41% para sobrepeso y obesidad en ambos grupos de estudio. El porcentaje de grasa corporal total fue menor en las niñas con BPN (no significativo); sin embargo, el indicador PCT-PCSE fue significativamente más alto (p = 0,04) que el de las niñas con APN. En contra de lo esperado, al estratificar según porcentaje de grasa y peso al nacer, se encontró que el grupo con BPN presentó un porcentaje de grasa bajo (p < 0,05) en comparación con el grupo de APN, siendo 6 veces mayor la posibilidad de que un niño con BPN presente porcentaje de grasa total bajo a esta edad.Conclusiones: a estas edades no se encontró mayor porcentaje de grasa en el grupo con BPN en comparación con el de APN; sin embargo, las niñas con BPN presentaron mayor deposición de grasa troncal que las de APN. La deposición de grasa es un indicador que hay que considerar, y no únicamente el índice de masa corporal, en la evaluación nutricia infantil.

New Methods for the Detection and Interception of Frequency-Hopped Waveforms

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-11-01

that £[p2 Q2 /O] = uF + 2 + o(cos 0 + 6 sin9)2 + 4n(acos0+/3sin)(7ycos0+6sinO)+o r(acos0+sinO)2 I + ( acosO +/3sinO) 2(Tcos9+ 6sin O)2 (3.134) i which...Jcins I lopk ins lI mvtrsi! t3 A pplied Physics Laborator Before1 NII After Figure 4.4: Deconvolut ion Applivod to Oi-fFci i r 100 The Johns 11opkins...Arlington, VA 20360 Library 2 Naval Postgraduate School Monterey, CA 92940 Library 2 Naval Research Laborator . Washington, DC 20375 Library 2 J. W

Investigation on navigation patterns of inertial/celestial integrated systems

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Luo, Dacheng; Liu, Yan; Liu, Zhiguo; Jiao, Wei; Wang, Qiuyan

2014-11-01

It is known that Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS), Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) and Celestial Navigation System (CNS) can complement each other's advantages. The SINS/CNS integrated system, which has the characteristics of strong autonomy, high accuracy and good anti-jamming, is widely used in military and civilian applications. Similar to SINS/GNSS integrated system, the SINS/CNS integrated system can also be divided into three kinds according to the difference of integrating depth, i.e., loosely coupled pattern, tightly coupled pattern and deeply coupled pattern. In this paper, the principle and characteristics of each pattern of SINS/CNS system are analyzed. Based on the comparison of these patterns, a novel deeply coupled SINS/CNS integrated navigation scheme is proposed. The innovation of this scheme is that a new star pattern matching method aided by SINS information is put forward. Thus the complementary features of these two subsystems are reflected.

SAP30L interacts with members of the Sin3A corepressor complex and targets Sin3A to the nucleolus

PubMed Central

Viiri, K. M.; Korkeamäki, H.; Kukkonen, M. K.; Nieminen, L. K.; Lindfors, K.; Peterson, P.; Mäki, M.; Kainulainen, H.; Lohi, O.

2006-01-01

Histone acetylation plays a key role in the regulation of gene expression. The chromatin structure and accessibility of genes to transcription factors is regulated by enzymes that acetylate and deacetylate histones. The Sin3A corepressor complex recruits histone deacetylases and in many cases represses transcription. Here, we report that SAP30L, a close homolog of Sin3-associated protein 30 (SAP30), interacts with several components of the Sin3A corepressor complex. We show that it binds to the PAH3/HID (Paired Amphipathic Helix 3/Histone deacetylase Interacting Domain) region of mouse Sin3A with residues 120–140 in the C-terminal part of the protein. We provide evidence that SAP30L induces transcriptional repression, possibly via recruitment of Sin3A and histone deacetylases. Finally, we characterize a functional nucleolar localization signal in SAP30L and show that SAP30L and SAP30 are able to target Sin3A to the nucleolus. PMID:16820529

Chromatin associated Sin3A is essential for male germ cell lineage in the mouse

PubMed Central

Pellegrino, Jessica; Castrillon, Diego H.; David, Gregory

2012-01-01

Spermatogenesis is a complex process that requires coordinated proliferation and differentiation of male germ cells. The molecular events that dictate this process are largely unknown, but are likely to involve highly regulated transcriptional control. In this study, we investigate the contribution of chromatin associated Sin3A in mouse germ cell lineage development. Genetic inactivation of Sin3A in the male germline leads to sterility that results from the early and penetrant apoptotic death observed in Sin3A-deleted germ cells, coincident with the reentry in mitosis. Sin3A-deleted testes exhibit a Sertoli-cell only phenotype, consistent with the absolute requirement for Sin3A in germ cells’ development and/or viability. Interestingly, transcripts analysis revealed that the expression program of Sertoli cells is altered upon inactivation of Sin3A in germ cells. These studies identified a central role for the mammalian Sin3-HDAC complex in the germ cell lineage, and point to an exquisite transcriptional crosstalk between germ cells and their niche to support fertility in mammals. PMID:22820070

An Attempt to Validate a Measure of Structure in Adolescence

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Chabassol, David J.

1975-01-01

Eighty male adolescents were given a structure inventory (CASI) devised by the author, and also the Locus Of Control (I-E) instrument, and the Adjective Check List (ACL), in an attempt to validate the first-named inventory. (Editor)

Mutational dynamics of the SARS coronavirus in cell culture and human populations isolated in 2003

PubMed Central

Vega, Vinsensius B; Ruan, Yijun; Liu, Jianjun; Lee, Wah Heng; Wei, Chia Lin; Se-Thoe, Su Yun; Tang, Kin Fai; Zhang, Tao; Kolatkar, Prasanna R; Ooi, Eng Eong; Ling, Ai Ee; Stanton, Lawrence W; Long, Philip M; Liu, Edison T

2004-01-01

Background The SARS coronavirus is the etiologic agent for the epidemic of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome. The recent emergence of this new pathogen, the careful tracing of its transmission patterns, and the ability to propagate in culture allows the exploration of the mutational dynamics of the SARS-CoV in human populations. Methods We sequenced complete SARS-CoV genomes taken from primary human tissues (SIN3408, SIN3725V, SIN3765V), cultured isolates (SIN848, SIN846, SIN842, SIN845, SIN847, SIN849, SIN850, SIN852, SIN3408L), and five consecutive Vero cell passages (SIN2774_P1, SIN2774_P2, SIN2774_P3, SIN2774_P4, SIN2774_P5) arising from SIN2774 isolate. These represented individual patient samples, serial in vitro passages in cell culture, and paired human and cell culture isolates. Employing a refined mutation filtering scheme and constant mutation rate model, the mutation rates were estimated and the possible date of emergence was calculated. Phylogenetic analysis was used to uncover molecular relationships between the isolates. Results Close examination of whole genome sequence of 54 SARS-CoV isolates identified before 14th October 2003, including 22 from patients in Singapore, revealed the mutations engendered during human-to-Vero and Vero-to-human transmission as well as in multiple Vero cell passages in order to refine our analysis of human-to-human transmission. Though co-infection by different quasipecies in individual tissue samples is observed, the in vitro mutation rate of the SARS-CoV in Vero cell passage is negligible. The in vivo mutation rate, however, is consistent with estimates of other RNA viruses at approximately 5.7 × 10-6 nucleotide substitutions per site per day (0.17 mutations per genome per day), or two mutations per human passage (adjusted R-square = 0.4014). Using the immediate Hotel M contact isolates as roots, we observed that the SARS epidemic has generated four major genetic groups that are geographically associated: two Singapore isolates, one Taiwan isolate, and one North China isolate which appears most closely related to the putative SARS-CoV isolated from a palm civet. Non-synonymous mutations are centered in non-essential ORFs especially in structural and antigenic genes such as the S and M proteins, but these mutations did not distinguish the geographical groupings. However, no non-synonymous mutations were found in the 3CLpro and the polymerase genes. Conclusions Our results show that the SARS-CoV is well adapted to growth in culture and did not appear to undergo specific selection in human populations. We further assessed that the putative origin of the SARS epidemic was in late October 2002 which is consistent with a recent estimate using cases from China. The greater sequence divergence in the structural and antigenic proteins and consistent deletions in the 3' – most portion of the viral genome suggest that certain selection pressures are interacting with the functional nature of these validated and putative ORFs. PMID:15347429

The Trauma of Racism: America's Original Sin

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Ponds, Kenneth T.

2013-01-01

With the election of Barack Obama as President, many believed that this nation was entering into a post-racial America, a color-blind society where racism could begin to be healed if not totally dismissed. However, a recent Associated Press poll has shown that this is not the case (AP, 2012). In fact, racial prejudice has increased slightly since…

Model-Dependent Constraint on Quark Total Angular Momentum Based on the Transverse Target-spin Asymmetry Measured in Deeply Virtual Compton Scattering at HERMES

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Nowak, Wolf-Dieter

Results are reported on the transverse target-spin asymmetry (TTSA) associated with deeply virtual Compton scattering on the proton. The data have been accumulated in the years 2002-2004 by the HERMES experiment at DESY, in which the HERA 27.6 GeV e+ beam scattered on a transversely polarized hydrogen target. Two azimuthal amplitudes of the TTSA appearing to LO in 1/Q and {alpha}s, A{sub UT}{sup sin({phi}-{phi}{sub S})cos{phi}} and A{sub UT}{sup cos({phi} -{phi}{sub S})sin{phi}}, are given as a function of -t,xB,Q2 in the kinematic range |t| < 0.7 GeV2, 0.03 < xB < 0.35 and 1 < Q2 < 10 GeV2. The firstmore » amplitude is found to be sensitive to the generalized parton distribution (GPD) E of the proton, which can be parameterized in a GPD model through quark total angular momentum Jq(q = u, d). Within the context of this model, a constraint in the (Ju,Jd) plane is obtained from HERMES TTSA data.« less

Effects of long-term blood pressure lowering and dual antiplatelet treatment on cognitive function in patients with recent lacunar stroke: a secondary analysis from the SPS3 randomised trial.

PubMed

Pearce, Lesly A; McClure, Leslie A; Anderson, David C; Jacova, Claudia; Sharma, Mukul; Hart, Robert G; Benavente, Oscar R

2014-12-01

The primary outcome results for the SPS3 trial suggested that a lower systolic target blood pressure (<130 mm Hg) might be beneficial for reducing the risk of recurrent stroke compared with a higher target (130-149 mm Hg), but that the addition of clopidogrel to aspirin was not beneficial compared with aspirin plus placebo. In this prespecified secondary outcome analysis of the SPS3 trial, we aimed to assess whether blood pressure reduction and dual antiplatelet treatment affect changes in cognitive function over time in patients with cerebral small vessel disease. In the SPS3 trial, patients with recent (within 6 months) symptomatic lacunar infarcts from 81 centres in North America, Latin America, and Spain were randomly assigned, in a two-by-two factorial design, to target levels of systolic blood pressure (1:1; 130-149 mm Hg vs <130 mm Hg; open-label) and to a once-daily antiplatelet treatment (1:1; aspirin 325 mg plus clopidogrel 75 mg vs aspirin 325 mg plus placebo; double-blind). For this analysis, the main cognitive outcome was change in Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI) during follow-up. Patients were tested annually for up to 5 years, during which time the mean difference in systolic blood pressure was 11 mm Hg (SD 16) between the two targets (138 mm Hg vs 127 mm Hg at 1 year). We used linear mixed models to compare changes in CASI Z scores over time. The SPS3 trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT00059306. The study took place between March 23, 2003, and April 30, 2012. 2916 of 3020 SPS3 participants (mean age 63 years [SD 11]) with CASI scores at study entry were included in the analysis, with a median follow-up of 3·0 years (IQR 1·0-4·9). Mean changes in CASI Z scores from study entry to assessment at years 1 (n=2472), 2 (n=1968), 3 (n=1521), 4 (n=1135), and 5 (n=803) were 0·12 (SD 0·83), 0·15 (0·84), 0·16 (0·95), 0·19 (0·99), and 0·14 (1·09), respectively. Changes in CASI Z scores over time did not differ between assigned antiplatelet groups (p=0·858) or between assigned blood pressure target groups (p=0·520). There was no interaction between assigned antiplatelet groups and assigned blood pressure target groups and change over time (p=0·196). Cognitive function is not affected by short-term dual antiplatelet treatment or blood pressure reduction in fairly young patients with recent lacunar stroke. Future studies of cognitive function after stroke should be of longer duration or focus on patients with higher rates of cognitive decline. US National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Expression of the SIN3 homologue from banana, MaSIN3, suppresses ABA responses globally during plant growth in Arabidopsis.

PubMed

Luxmi, Raj; Garg, Rashmi; Srivastava, Sudhakar; Sane, Aniruddha P

2017-11-01

The SIN3 family of co-repressors is a family of highly conserved eukaryotic repressor proteins that regulates diverse functions in yeasts and animals but remains largely uncharacterized functionally even in plants like Arabidopsis. The sole SIN3 homologue in banana, MaSIN3, was identified as a 1408 amino acids, nuclear localized protein conserved to other SIN3s in the PAH, HID and HCR domains. Interestingly, MaSIN3 over-expression in Arabidopsis mimics a state of reduced ABA responses throughout plant development affecting growth processes such as germination, root growth, stomatal closure and water loss, flowering and senescence. The reduction in ABA responses is not due to reduced ABA levels but due to suppression of expression of several transcription factors mediating ABA responses. Transcript levels of negative regulators of germination (ABI3, ABI5, PIL5, RGL2 and RGL3) are reduced post-imbibition while those responsible for GA biosynthesis are up-regulated in transgenic MaSIN3 over-expressers. ABA-associated transcription factors are also down-regulated in response to ABA treatment. The HDAC inhibitors, SAHA and sodium butyrate, in combination with ABA differentially suppress germination in control and transgenic lines suggesting the recruitment by MaSIN3 of HDACs involved in suppression of ABA responses in different processes. The studies provide an insight into the ability of MaSIN3 to specifically affect a subset of developmental processes governed largely by ABA. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Bistability and Biofilm Formation in Bacillus subtilis

PubMed Central

Chai, Yunrong; Chu, Frances; Kolter, Roberto; Losick, Richard

2008-01-01

Summary Biofilms of Bacillus subtilis consist of long chains of cells that are held together in bundles by an extracellular matrix of exopolysaccharide and the protein TasA. The exopolysaccharide is produced by enzymes encoded by the epsA-O operon and the gene encoding TasA is located in the yqxM-sipW-tasA operon. Both operons are under the control of the repressor SinR. Derepression is mediated by the antirepressor SinI, which binds to SinR with a 1:1 stoichiometry. Paradoxically, in medium promoting derepression of the matrix operons, the overall concentration of SinR in the culture greatly exceeded that of SinI. We show that under biofilm-promoting conditions sinI, which is under the control of the response regulator Spo0A, was expressed only in a small subpopulation of cells, whereas sinR was expressed in almost all cells. Activation of Spo0A is known to be subject to a bistable switch, and we infer that SinI reaches levels sufficient to trigger matrix production only in the subpopulation of cells in which Spo0A is active. Additionally, evidence suggests that sinI is expressed at intermediate, but not low or high, levels of Spo0A activity, which may explain why certain nutritional conditions are more effective in promoting biofilm formation than others. PMID:18047568

AUV Positioning Method Based on Tightly Coupled SINS/LBL for Underwater Acoustic Multipath Propagation.

PubMed

Zhang, Tao; Shi, Hongfei; Chen, Liping; Li, Yao; Tong, Jinwu

2016-03-11

This paper researches an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) positioning method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System)/LBL (Long Base Line) tightly coupled algorithm. This algorithm mainly includes SINS-assisted searching method of optimum slant-range of underwater acoustic propagation multipath, SINS/LBL tightly coupled model and multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. Fuzzy correlation peak problem of underwater LBL acoustic propagation multipath could be solved based on SINS positional information, thus improving LBL positional accuracy. Moreover, introduction of SINS-centered LBL locating information could compensate accumulative AUV position error effectively and regularly. Compared to loosely coupled algorithm, this tightly coupled algorithm can still provide accurate location information when there are fewer than four available hydrophones (or within the signal receiving range). Therefore, effective positional calibration area of tightly coupled system based on LBL array is wider and has higher reliability and fault tolerance than loosely coupled. It is more applicable to AUV positioning based on SINS/LBL.

AUV Positioning Method Based on Tightly Coupled SINS/LBL for Underwater Acoustic Multipath Propagation

PubMed Central

Zhang, Tao; Shi, Hongfei; Chen, Liping; Li, Yao; Tong, Jinwu

2016-01-01

This paper researches an AUV (Autonomous Underwater Vehicle) positioning method based on SINS (Strapdown Inertial Navigation System)/LBL (Long Base Line) tightly coupled algorithm. This algorithm mainly includes SINS-assisted searching method of optimum slant-range of underwater acoustic propagation multipath, SINS/LBL tightly coupled model and multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. Fuzzy correlation peak problem of underwater LBL acoustic propagation multipath could be solved based on SINS positional information, thus improving LBL positional accuracy. Moreover, introduction of SINS-centered LBL locating information could compensate accumulative AUV position error effectively and regularly. Compared to loosely coupled algorithm, this tightly coupled algorithm can still provide accurate location information when there are fewer than four available hydrophones (or within the signal receiving range). Therefore, effective positional calibration area of tightly coupled system based on LBL array is wider and has higher reliability and fault tolerance than loosely coupled. It is more applicable to AUV positioning based on SINS/LBL. PMID:26978361

Senescence-associated SIN3B promotes inflammation and pancreatic cancer progression

PubMed Central

Rielland, Maïté; Cantor, David J.; Graveline, Richard; Hajdu, Cristina; Mara, Lisa; de Diego Diaz, Beatriz; Miller, George; David, Gregory

2014-01-01

Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is strikingly resistant to conventional therapeutic approaches. We previously demonstrated that the histone deacetylase–associated protein SIN3B is essential for oncogene-induced senescence in cultured cells. Here, using a mouse model of pancreatic cancer, we have demonstrated that SIN3B is required for activated KRAS-induced senescence in vivo. Surprisingly, impaired senescence as the result of genetic inactivation of Sin3B was associated with delayed PDAC progression and correlated with an impaired inflammatory response. In murine and human pancreatic cells and tissues, levels of SIN3B correlated with KRAS-induced production of IL-1α. Furthermore, evaluation of human pancreatic tissue and cancer cells revealed that Sin3B was decreased in control and PDAC samples, compared with samples from patients with pancreatic inflammation. These results indicate that senescence-associated inflammation positively correlates with PDAC progression and suggest that SIN3B has potential as a therapeutic target for inhibiting inflammation-driven tumorigenesis. PMID:24691445

A new nonlinear optical silicate carbonate K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) with a hybrid structure of kalsilite and soda-like layered fragments

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belokoneva, Elena L.; Stefanovich, Sergey Yu.; Volkov, Anatoly S.; Dimitrova, Olga V.

2016-10-01

Single crystals of a new silicate carbonate, K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3), have been synthesized in a multi-components hydrothermal solution with a pH value close to neutral and a high concentration of a carbonate mineralizer. The new compound has an axial structure (s.g. P6322) with unit cell parameters a = 5.04789 (15), c = 17.8668 (6) Å. Pseudosymmetry of the structure corresponds to s.g. P63/mmc which is broken only by one oxygen position. The structure consists of two layered fragments: one of the type of the mineral kalsilite (KAlSiO4) and the other of the high-temperature soda-like α-Na2CO3, Ca substituting for Na. The electro-neutral layer K2[Si2O5] (denoted K) as well as the layer Ca(CO3) (denoted S) may separately correspond to individual structures. In K2Ca[Si2O5](CO3) the S-K layers are connected together via Ca-O interactions between Ca atoms from the carbonate layer and apical O atoms from the silicate one, and also via K-O interlayer interactions. A hypothetical acentric structure, sp.gr. P-62c, is predicted on the basis of the order-disorder theory. It presents another symmetrical option for the arrangement of K-layers relative to S-layers. The K,Ca-silicate-carbonate powder produces a moderate SHG signal that is two times larger that of the α-quartz powder standard and close to other silicates with acentric structures and low electronic polarizability.

Elderly Japanese emigrants to Brazil before World War II: II. Prevalence of senile dementia.

PubMed

Meguro, K; Meguro, M; Caramelli, P; Ishizaki, J; Ambo, H; Chubaci, R Y; Hamada, G S; Nitrini, R; Yamadori, A

2001-08-01

We previously showed the prevalence of dementia in the town of Tajiri (Miyagi Prefecture, Japan), and found it to be 8.0%. The first population-based study on dementia in Brazil (Catanduva) disclosed the prevalence as being 7.1%. To evaluate the effects of environment on development of dementia, elderly Japanese immigrants living in Brazil were examined. Brazil is the country with the largest number of Japanese immigrants. All immigrants aged 65 years and over from Miyagi Prefecture, living in the four cities of the São Paulo Metropolitan area were targeted (n = 192). We were able to examine 166 subjects (86.5%). The diagnosis of dementia was based on the DSM-IV with the severity assessed by the CDR (clinical dementia rating) scales. The cognitive ability screening instrument (CASI) was used for neuropsychological assessment. Thirteen subjects were diagnosed with dementia, CDR 1-3, the prevalence being 7.8%. Older subjects suffered more from dementia, and, paradoxically, the more highly educated subjects also suffered more. All the CASI items, except for long-term memory and visual construction, significantly deteriorated in the CDR 0.5 group compared with the CDR 0 group. The prevalence of dementia was not thought to be affected by environmental factors. A paradoxically higher rate of dementia in the more educated subjects was probably due to the historical problems of the immigrants. Intact CASI item long-term memory in the CDR 0.5 group indicated that suspected dementia patients could maintain this function. This is the first epidemiological study on dementia in elderly Japanese immigrants in Brazil. Copyright 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Climate Change Adaptation Activities at the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, FL., USA

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Hall, Carlton; Phillips, Lynne

2016-01-01

In 2010, the Office of Strategic Infrastructure and Earth Sciences established the Climate Adaptation Science Investigators (CASI) program to integrate climate change forecasts and knowledge into sustainable management of infrastructure and operations needed for the NASA mission. NASA operates 10 field centers valued at $32 billion dollars, occupies 191,000 acres and employs 58,000 people. CASI climate change and sea-level rise forecasts focus on the 2050 and 2080 time periods. At the 140,000 acre Kennedy Space Center (KSC) data are used to simulate impacts on infrastructure, operations, and unique natural resources. KSC launch and processing facilities represent a valued national asset located in an area with high biodiversity including 33 species of special management concern. Numerical and advanced Bayesian and Monte Carlo statistical modeling is being conducted using LiDAR digital elevation models coupled with relevant GIS layers to assess potential future conditions. Results are provided to the Environmental Management Branch, Master Planning, Construction of Facilities, Engineering Construction Innovation Committee and our regional partners to support Spaceport development, management, and adaptation planning and design. Potential impacts to natural resources include conversion of 50% of the Center to open water, elevation of the surficial aquifer, alterations of rainfall and evapotranspiration patterns, conversion of salt marsh to mangrove forest, reductions in distribution and extent of upland habitats, overwash of the barrier island dune system, increases in heat stress days, and releases of chemicals from legacy contamination sites. CASI has proven successful in bringing climate change planning to KSC including recognition of the need to increase resiliency and development of a green managed shoreline retreat approach to maintain coastal ecosystem services while maximizing life expectancy of Center launch and payload processing resources.

The Incidence and Recurrence of Getting Lost in Community-Dwelling People with Alzheimer’s Disease: A Two and a Half-Year Follow-Up

PubMed Central

2016-01-01

Getting lost (GL) is a serious problem for people living with Alzheimer’s disease (PwAD), causing psychological distress in both PwAD and caregivers, and increasing the odds of being institutionalized. It is thus important to identify risk factors for the GL events in PwAD. Between April 2009 and March 2012, we invited 185 community-dwelling PwAD and their caregivers to participate in this study. At the baseline, 95 had experienced GL (Group B); the remaining 90 (Group A) had not. We focused on the incidence of GL events and the associated factors by way of demographic data, cognitive function assessed by the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument (CASI), and spatial navigation abilities as assessed by the Questionnaire of Everyday Navigational Ability (QuENA). After a 2.5-year period, the incidence of GL in Group A was 33.3% and the recurrence of GL in Group B was 40%. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed that the inattention item on the QuENA and orientation item on the CASI had independent effects on the GL incidence, while the absence of a safety range was associated with the risk of GL recurrence. During the 2.5 years, the PwAD with GL incidence deteriorated more in the mental manipulation item on the CASI than those without. We suggest that before the occurrence of GL, the caregivers of PwAD should refer to the results of cognitive assessment and navigation ability evaluation to enhance the orientation and attention of the PwAD. Once GL occurs, the caregivers must set a safety range to prevent GL recurrence, especially for younger people. PMID:27183297

Climate Change Adaptation Science Activities at NASA Johnson Space Center

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stefanov, William L.; Lulla, Kamlesh

2012-01-01

The Johnson Space Center (JSC), located in the southeast metropolitan region of Houston, TX is the prime NASA center for human spaceflight operations and astronaut training, but it also houses the unique collection of returned extraterrestrial samples, including lunar samples from the Apollo missions. The Center's location adjacent to Clear Lake and the Clear Creek watershed, an estuary of Galveston Bay, puts it at direct annual risk from hurricanes, but also from a number of other climate-related hazards including drought, floods, sea level rise, heat waves, and high wind events all assigned Threat Levels of 2 or 3 in the most recent NASA Center Disaster/Risk Matrix produced by the Climate Adaptation Science Investigator Working Group. Based on prior CASI workshops at other NASA centers, it is recognized that JSC is highly vulnerable to climate-change related hazards and has a need for adaptation strategies. We will present an overview of prior CASI-related work at JSC, including publication of a climate change and adaptation informational data brochure, and a Resilience and Adaptation to Climate Risks Workshop that was held at JSC in early March 2012. Major outcomes of that workshop that form a basis for work going forward are 1) a realization that JSC is embedded in a regional environmental and social context, and that potential climate change effects and adaptation strategies will not, and should not, be constrained by the Center fence line; 2) a desire to coordinate data collection and adaptation planning activities with interested stakeholders to form a regional climate change adaptation center that could facilitate interaction with CASI; 3) recognition that there is a wide array of basic data (remotely sensed, in situ, GIS/mapping, and historical) available through JSC and other stakeholders, but this data is not yet centrally accessible for planning purposes.

Cognitive Decline and Older Driver Crash Risk.

PubMed

Fraade-Blanar, Laura A; Ebel, Beth E; Larson, Eric B; Sears, Jeanne M; Thompson, Hilaire J; Chan, Kwun Chuen G; Crane, Paul K

2018-04-17

To examine automobile crash risk associated with cognition in older drivers without dementia. Retrospective secondary analysis of longitudinal cohort study. Our study used data from the Adult Changes in Thought (ACT) Study merged with Washington State crash reports and licensure records. Data were available from 2002 to 2015. Group Health enrollees from Washington State aged 65 and older with active driver's licenses (N=2,615). Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument scored using item response theory (CASI-IRT). The study outcome was police-reported motor vehicle crash. We used a negative binomial mixed-effects model with robust standard errors clustered on the individual and considered associations between crash risk, level of cognition, and amount of decline since the previous study visit. Covariates included age, sex, education, alcohol, depression, medical comorbidities, eyesight, hearing, and physical function. Individuals were censored at dementia diagnosis, death, or failure to renew their license. Over an average of 7 years of follow-up, 350 (13%) people had at least one crash. A 1-unit lower CASI-IRT score was associated with a higher adjusted incidence rate ratio of crash of 1.26 (95% confidence interval=1.08-1.51). Beyond level of cognition, amount of cognitive decline between study visits was not associated with crash risk. This study suggests that, in older drivers, poorer performance on the CASI-IRT may be a risk factor for motor vehicle crashes, even in individuals without diagnosed dementia. Further research is needed to understand driving behavior and inform driving decisions for older adults with poor cognitive function. © 2018, Copyright the Authors Journal compilation © 2018, The American Geriatrics Society.

Climate Change Adaptation Activities at the NASA John F. Kennedy Space Center, Fl., USA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hall, C. R.; Phillips, L. V.; Foster, T.; Stolen, E.; Duncan, B.; Hunt, D.; Schaub, R.

2016-12-01

In 2010, the Office of Strategic Infrastructure and Earth Sciences established the Climate Adaptation Science Investigators (CASI) program to integrate climate change forecasts and knowledge into sustainable management of infrastructure and operations needed for the NASA mission. NASA operates 10 field centers valued at $32 billion dollars, occupies 191,000 acres and employs 58,000 people. CASI climate change and sea-level rise forecasts focus on the 2050 and 2080 time periods. At the 140,000 acre Kennedy Space Center (KSC) data are used to simulate impacts on infrastructure, operations, and unique natural resources. KSC launch and processing facilities represent a valued national asset located in an area with high biodiversity including 33 species of special management concern. Numerical and advanced Bayesian and Monte Carlo statistical modeling is being conducted using LiDAR digital elevation models coupled with relevant GIS layers to assess potential future conditions. Results are provided to the Environmental Management Branch, Master Planning, Construction of Facilities, Engineering Construction Innovation Committee and our regional partners to support Spaceport development, management, and adaptation planning and design. Potential impacts to natural resources include conversion of 50% of the Center to open water, elevation of the surficial aquifer, alterations of rainfall and evapotranspiration patterns, conversion of salt marsh to mangrove forest, reductions in distribution and extent of upland habitats, overwash of the barrier island dune system, increases in heat stress days, and releases of chemicals from legacy contamination sites. CASI has proven successful in bringing climate change planning to KSC including recognition of the need to increase resiliency and development of a green managed shoreline retreat approach to maintain coastal ecosystem services while maximizing life expectancy of Center launch and payload processing resources.

Reciprocity in Vector Acoustics

DTIC Science & Technology

2017-03-01

and a phase function that accounts for grid spacing, ψ̂m(kz) = −2 j √ jR0 2πk sin(kz zs) * , 1 − k2z k2 + - 1 4 e j kz dz 2 , (A.4) where the...Equation (A.4) becomes ψ̂v (kz) = −2 j √ jR0 2πk [ j Az sin(kz[zs + ∆z]) − j Az sin(kz[zs − ∆z]) ] * , 1 − k2z k2 + - 1 4 e j kz dz 2 (A.7) When this...sin(kz zs) + A3 sin(kz[zs + 2∆z]) +A4 sin(kz[zs + 4∆z]) ] * , 1 − k2z k2 + - 1 4 e j kz dz 2 . With this starter field, MMPE outputs pressure, radial

Quantum Mechanical Metric for Internal Cohesion in Cement Crystals

PubMed Central

Dharmawardhana, C. C.; Misra, A.; Ching, Wai-Yim

2014-01-01

Calcium silicate hydrate (CSH) is the main binding phase of Portland cement, the single most important structural material in use worldwide. Due to the complex structure and chemistry of CSH at various length scales, the focus has progressively turned towards its atomic level comprehension. We study electronic structure and bonding of a large subset of the known CSH minerals. Our results reveal a wide range of contributions from each type of bonding, especially hydrogen bonding, which should enable critical analysis of spectroscopic measurements and construction of realistic C-S-H models. We find the total bond order density (TBOD) as the ideal overall metric for assessing crystal cohesion of these complex materials and should replace conventional measures such as Ca:Si ratio. A rarely known orthorhombic phase Suolunite is found to have higher cohesion (TBOD) in comparison to Jennite and Tobermorite, which are considered the backbone of hydrated Portland cement. PMID:25476741

Administration of SIN-1 induces guinea pig airway hyperresponsiveness through inactivation of airway neutral endopeptidase.

PubMed

Kanazawa, H; Hirata, K; Yoshikawa, J

1999-12-01

Peroxynitrite plays an important role in the pathogenesis of airway inflammation. We have already found that peroxynitrite may contribute to decreased beta(2)-adrenoceptor responses in airway smooth muscle. However, it is not known whether peroxynitrite can alter neutral endopeptidase (EC 3.4.24.11; NEP) activity in the airways. This study was designed to determine whether peroxynitrite induces airway hyperresponsiveness to substance P (SP) and endothelin-1 (ET-1) through the inactivation of airway NEP. We examined whether the administration of S-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), a compound that releases peroxynitrite, increased bronchoconstrictor responses to SP and ET-1 in anesthetized guinea pigs. In addition, we assayed NEP activity in the airways of SIN-1-exposed guinea pigs. Though SIN-1 (10(-7) M) alone had no effect on pulmonary resistance, pretreatment with SIN-1 significantly enhanced SP- and ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. Pretreatment with phosphoramidon, an NEP inhibitor, also enhanced SP- and ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. However, simultaneous administration of phosphoramidon and SIN-1 had no additive effect on SP- and ET-1-induced bronchoconstriction. Peroxynitrite formation by SIN-1 was completely inhibited by N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and glutathione (GSH) in vitro, and pretreatment with NAC and GSH significantly reversed the potentiation by SIN-1 of SP-induced bronchoconstriction. In addition, the NEP activity of the trachea after SIN-1 exposure was significantly reduced compared to the level in control guinea pigs (solvent for SIN-1: 30.0+/-4.2 fmol.min(-1).mg tissue(-1); 10(-7) M SIN-1; 15.5+/-4.5 fmol.min(-1).mg tissue(-1), p<0.05). These findings suggest that peroxynitrite induces airway hyperresponsiveness to SP and ET-1 through the inactivation of airway NEP, and that peroxynitrite is an important mediator of the alterations in airway functions.

14 CFR 1274.213 - Distribution of cooperative agreements.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution of cooperative agreements... COOPERATIVE AGREEMENTS WITH COMMERCIAL FIRMS Pre-Award Requirements § 1274.213 Distribution of cooperative... functions are delegated to DOD or another agency), NASA Center for Aerospace Information (CASI), Attn...

[Lithology feature extraction of CASI hyperspectral data based on fractal signal algorithm].

PubMed

Tang, Chao; Chen, Jian-Ping; Cui, Jing; Wen, Bo-Tao

2014-05-01

Hyperspectral data is characterized by combination of image and spectrum and large data volume dimension reduction is the main research direction. Band selection and feature extraction is the primary method used for this objective. In the present article, the authors tested methods applied for the lithology feature extraction from hyperspectral data. Based on the self-similarity of hyperspectral data, the authors explored the application of fractal algorithm to lithology feature extraction from CASI hyperspectral data. The "carpet method" was corrected and then applied to calculate the fractal value of every pixel in the hyperspectral data. The results show that fractal information highlights the exposed bedrock lithology better than the original hyperspectral data The fractal signal and characterized scale are influenced by the spectral curve shape, the initial scale selection and iteration step. At present, research on the fractal signal of spectral curve is rare, implying the necessity of further quantitative analysis and investigation of its physical implications.

Sorption of radionuclides by cement-based barrier materials

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Li, Kefei, E-mail: likefei@tsinghua.edu.cn; Pang, Xiaoyun

2014-11-15

This paper investigates the sorption of radionuclide ions, {sup 137}Cs{sup +} and {sup 90}Sr{sup 2+}, by cement-based barrier materials for radioactive waste disposal. A mortar with ternary binder is prepared and powder samples are ground from the hardened material following a predetermined granulometry. After pre-equilibrium with an artificial pore solution, the sorption behaviors of powder samples are investigated through single sorption and blended sorption. The results show that: (1) no systematic difference is observed for single and blended sorptions thus the interaction between {sup 137}Cs{sup +} and {sup 90}Sr{sup 2+} sorptions must be weak; (2) the sorption kinetics is rapidmore » and all characteristic times are less than 1d; (3) the sorption capacity is enhanced by C–A–S–H hydrates and the measured K{sub d} values can be predicted from C–S–H sorption data with Ca/Si ratio equal to Ca/(Si + Al) ratio.« less

Roles of cations, electronegativity difference, and anionic interlayer interactions in the metallic versus nonmetallic character of Zintl phases related to arsenic.

PubMed

Alemany, Pere; Llunell, Miquel; Canadell, Enric

2008-10-01

A first-principles Density Functional Theory study of several layered solids structurally related to rhombohedral arsenic has been carried out. The electronic structures of rhombohedral arsenic, CaSi(2), CaAl(2)Si(2), KSnSb, and SrSn(2)As(2) are discussed in detail, emphasizing on the origins of their metallic or nonmetallic behaviours. It is found that all of these systems are metallic except KSnSb. Electronegativity differences between the elements in the anionic sublattice and/or direct interlayer interactions play the main role in controlling the conductivity behavior. CaSi(2) exhibits a peculiar feature since the cation directly influences the conductivity but is not essential for its appearance. Cation-anion interactions are shown to have an important covalent contribution, but despite this fact and the metallic character found for most of these phases, the Zintl approach still provides a valid approximation to their electronic structure. (c) 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Role of interatomic bonding in the mechanical anisotropy and interlayer cohesion of CSH crystals

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dharmawardhana, C.C.; Misra, A.; Aryal, S.

2013-10-15

Atomic scale properties of calcium silicate hydrate (CSH), the main binding phase of hardened Portland cement, are not well understood. Over a century of intense research has identified almost 50 different crystalline CSH minerals which are mainly categorized by their Ca/Si ratio. The electronic structure and interatomic bonding in four major CSH crystalline phases with structures close to those found in hardened cement are investigated via ab initio methods. Our result reveals the critical role of hydrogen bonding and importance of specifying precise locations for water molecules. Quantitative analysis of contributions from different bond types to the overall cohesion showsmore » that while the Si-O covalent bonds dominate, the hydrogen bonding and Ca-O bonding are also very significant. Calculated results reveal the correlation between bond topology and interlayer cohesion. The overall bond order density (BOD) is found to be a more critical measure than the Ca/Si ratio in classifying different CSH crystals.« less

Measurement of sin2θw and ϱ in deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Reutens, P. G.; Merritt, F. S.; Macfarlane, D. B.; Messner, R. L.; Novikoff, D. B.; Purohit, M. V.; Blair, R. E.; Sciulli, F. J.; Shaevitz, M. H.; Fisk, H. E.; Fukushima, Y.; Jin, B. N.; Kondo, T.; Rapidis, P. A.; Yovanovitch, D. D.; Bodek, A.; Coleman, R. N.; Marsh, W. L.; Fackler, O. D.; Jenkins, K. A.

1985-03-01

We describe a high statistics measurement from deep inelastic neutrino-nucleon scattering of the electroweak parameters ϱ and sin2θw, performed in the Fermilab narrow-band neutrino beam. Our measurement uses a radius-dependent cut in y = EH/Ev which reduces the systematic error in sin2θw, and incorporates electromagnetic and electroweak radiative corrections. In a renormalization scheme where sin2θw ≡ 1-m2W/m2Z, a value of sin2θw = 0.242+/-0.011+/-0.005 is obtained fixing ϱ = 1. If both sin2θw and ϱ are allowed to vary in a fit to our data, we measure ϱ = 0.991 +/- 0.025 +/- 0.009. Present address: IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, PO Box 218, Yorktown Heights, NY 10598, USA.

Multiple histone deacetylases are recruited by corepressor Sin3 and contribute to gene repression mediated by Opi1 regulator of phospholipid biosynthesis in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

PubMed

Grigat, Mathias; Jäschke, Yvonne; Kliewe, Felix; Pfeifer, Matthias; Walz, Susanne; Schüller, Hans-Joachim

2012-06-01

Yeast genes of phospholipid biosynthesis are negatively regulated by repressor protein Opi1 when precursor molecules inositol and choline (IC) are available. Opi1-triggered gene repression is mediated by recruitment of the Sin3 corepressor complex. In this study, we systematically investigated the regulatory contribution of subunits of Sin3 complexes and identified Pho23 as important for IC-dependent gene repression. Two non-overlapping regions within Pho23 mediate its direct interaction with Sin3. Previous work has shown that Sin3 recruits the histone deacetylase (HDAC) Rpd3 to execute gene repression. While deletion of SIN3 strongly alleviates gene repression by IC, an rpd3 null mutant shows almost normal regulation. We thus hypothesized that various HDACs may contribute to Sin3-mediated repression of IC-regulated genes. Indeed, a triple mutant lacking HDACs, Rpd3, Hda1 and Hos1, could phenocopy a sin3 single mutant. We show that these proteins are able to contact Sin3 in vitro and in vivo and mapped three distinct HDAC interaction domains, designated HID1, HID2 and HID3. HID3, which is identical to the previously described structural motif PAH4 (paired amphipathic helix), can bind all HDACs tested. Chromatin immunoprecipitation studies finally confirmed that Hda1 and Hos1 are recruited to promoters of phospholipid biosynthetic genes INO1 and CHO2.

Influence of sampling frequency and load calculation methods on quantification of annual river nutrient and suspended solids loads.

PubMed

Elwan, Ahmed; Singh, Ranvir; Patterson, Maree; Roygard, Jon; Horne, Dave; Clothier, Brent; Jones, Geoffrey

2018-01-11

Better management of water quality in streams, rivers and lakes requires precise and accurate estimates of different contaminant loads. We assessed four sampling frequencies (2 days, weekly, fortnightly and monthly) and five load calculation methods (global mean (GM), rating curve (RC), ratio estimator (RE), flow-stratified (FS) and flow-weighted (FW)) to quantify loads of nitrate-nitrogen (NO 3 - -N), soluble inorganic nitrogen (SIN), total nitrogen (TN), dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), total phosphorus (TP) and total suspended solids (TSS), in the Manawatu River, New Zealand. The estimated annual river loads were compared to the reference 'true' loads, calculated using daily measurements of flow and water quality from May 2010 to April 2011, to quantify bias (i.e. accuracy) and root mean square error 'RMSE' (i.e. accuracy and precision). The GM method resulted into relatively higher RMSE values and a consistent negative bias (i.e. underestimation) in estimates of annual river loads across all sampling frequencies. The RC method resulted in the lowest RMSE for TN, TP and TSS at monthly sampling frequency. Yet, RC highly overestimated the loads for parameters that showed dilution effect such as NO 3 - -N and SIN. The FW and RE methods gave similar results, and there was no essential improvement in using RE over FW. In general, FW and RE performed better than FS in terms of bias, but FS performed slightly better than FW and RE in terms of RMSE for most of the water quality parameters (DRP, TP, TN and TSS) using a monthly sampling frequency. We found no significant decrease in RMSE values for estimates of NO 3 - N, SIN, TN and DRP loads when the sampling frequency was increased from monthly to fortnightly. The bias and RMSE values in estimates of TP and TSS loads (estimated by FW, RE and FS), however, showed a significant decrease in the case of weekly or 2-day sampling. This suggests potential for a higher sampling frequency during flow peaks for more precise and accurate estimates of annual river loads for TP and TSS, in the study river and other similar conditions.

14 CFR 1260.16 - Distribution.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-01-01

... 14 Aeronautics and Space 5 2010-01-01 2010-01-01 false Distribution. 1260.16 Section 1260.16... Pre-Award Requirements § 1260.16 Distribution. (a) Copies of grants and supplements will be provided... when delegated; (4) The NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), Attn: Document Processing Section...

"... As we forgive those who trespass against us...": theological reflections on sin and guilt in the hospital environment.

PubMed

Schmidt, Kurt W

2005-08-01

In general parlance the term sin has lost its existential meaning. Originally a Jewish-Christian term within a purely religious context, referring to a wrongdoing with regard to God, sin has slowly become reduced to guilt in the course of the secularization process. Guilt refers to a wrongdoing, especially with regard to fellow human beings. It also refers to errors of judgement with what can be tragic consequences. These errors can occur whenever human beings are called upon to act, including the hospital environment. A Christian hospital has to address the issue of how to deal not only with guilt-ridden misdemeanors, but also with wrongdoing unto God, which overshadows every instance of guilt-ridden human behavior. Here, as in every parish, the Church Service is the place to acknowledge sin, confess sin, and forgive sin, beyond the boundaries of the parish itself.

Sin1, a Mutation Affecting Female Fertility in Arabidopsis, Interacts with Mod1, Its Recessive Modifier

PubMed Central

Lang, J. D.; Ray, S.; Ray, A.

1994-01-01

In Arabidopsis thaliana, a mutation in the SIN1 gene causes aberrant ovule development and female-specific sterility. The effect of the sin1 mutation is polymorphic and pleiotropic in different genetic backgrounds. The polymorphism concerns morphology of the mutant ovules. The pleiotropism involves internodal distance and inflorescence initiation time. The particular ovule phenotype and the length of internodes are dependent on an interaction of sin1 with a second recessive gene, which we term mod1. The recessive mod1 allele in a homozygous sin1 mutant plant reduces internode length and ovule integument size. The mutation sin1, but not mod1, has a demonstrable effect on ovule morphology when acting idependently. In our crosses mod1 was inseparably linked to the well known mutation erecta that is known to cause a reduction in internode and pedicel lengths. PMID:7982564

THE POSTERIOR DISTRIBUTION OF sin(i) VALUES FOR EXOPLANETS WITH M{sub T} sin(i) DETERMINED FROM RADIAL VELOCITY DATA

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Ho, Shirley; Turner, Edwin L., E-mail: cwho@lbl.gov

2011-09-20

Radial velocity (RV) observations of an exoplanet system giving a value of M{sub T} sin(i) condition (i.e., give information about) not only the planet's true mass M{sub T} but also the value of sin(i) for that system (where i is the orbital inclination angle). Thus, the value of sin(i) for a system with any particular observed value of M{sub T} sin(i) cannot be assumed to be drawn randomly from a distribution corresponding to an isotropic i distribution, i.e., the presumptive prior distribution. Rather, the posterior distribution from which it is drawn depends on the intrinsic distribution of M{sub T} formore » the exoplanet population being studied. We give a simple Bayesian derivation of this relationship and apply it to several 'toy models' for the intrinsic distribution of M{sub T} , on which we have significant information from available RV data in some mass ranges but little or none in others. The results show that the effect can be an important one. For example, even for simple power-law distributions of M{sub T} , the median value of sin(i) in an observed RV sample can vary between 0.860 and 0.023 (as compared to the 0.866 value for an isotropic i distribution) for indices of the power law in the range between -2 and +1, respectively. Over the same range of indices, the 95% confidence interval on M{sub T} varies from 1.0001-2.405 ({alpha} = -2) to 1.13-94.34 ({alpha} = +2) times larger than M{sub T} sin(i) due to sin(i) uncertainty alone. More complex, but still simple and plausible, distributions of M{sub T} yield more complicated and somewhat unintuitive posterior sin(i) distributions. In particular, if the M{sub T} distribution contains any characteristic mass scale M{sub c} , the posterior sin(i) distribution will depend on the ratio of M{sub T} sin(i) to M{sub c} , often in a non-trivial way. Our qualitative conclusion is that RV studies of exoplanets, both individual objects and statistical samples, should regard the sin(i) factor as more than a 'numerical constant of order unity' with simple and well-understood statistical properties. We argue that reports of M{sub T} sin(i) determinations should be accompanied by a statement of the corresponding confidence bounds on M{sub T} at, say, the 95% level based on an explicitly stated assumed form of the true M{sub T} distribution in order to reflect more accurately the mass uncertainties associated with RV studies.« less

TaC-coated graphite prepared via a wet ceramic process: Application to CVD susceptors for epitaxial growth of wide-bandgap semiconductors

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nakamura, Daisuke; Kimura, Taishi; Narita, Tetsuo; Suzumura, Akitoshi; Kimoto, Tsunenobu; Nakashima, Kenji

2017-11-01

A novel sintered tantalum carbide coating (SinTaC) prepared via a wet ceramic process is proposed as an approach to reducing the production cost and improving the crystal quality of bulk-grown crystals and epitaxially grown films of wide-bandgap semiconductors. Here, we verify the applicability of the SinTaC components as susceptors for chemical vapor deposition (CVD)-SiC and metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD)-GaN epitaxial growth in terms of impurity incorporation from the SinTaC layers and also clarify the surface-roughness controllability of SinTaC layers and its advantage in CVD applications. The residual impurity elements in the SinTaC layers were confirmed to not severely incorporate into the CVD-SiC and MOCVD-GaN epilayers grown using the SinTaC susceptors. The quality of the epilayers was also confirmed to be equivalent to that of epilayers grown using conventional susceptors. Furthermore, the surface roughness of the SinTaC components was controllable over a wide range of average roughness (0.4 ≤ Ra ≤ 5 μm) and maximum height roughness (3 ≤ Rz ≤ 36 μm) through simple additional surface treatment procedures, and the surface-roughened SinTaC susceptor fabricated using these procedures was predicted to effectively reduce thermal stress on epi-wafers. These results confirm that SinTaC susceptors are applicable to epitaxial growth processes and are advantageous over conventional susceptor materials for reducing the epi-cost and improving the quality of epi-wafers.

48 CFR 538.7001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

... used in this subpart, means Schedule 70 information technology contracts, and Consolidated Products and Services Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs. The Consolidated Products and Services... Purchasing. No other Schedules, or SINs, containing information technology outside of Schedule 70 SINs, and...

48 CFR 538.7001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

... used in this subpart, means Schedule 70 information technology contracts, and Consolidated Products and Services Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs. The Consolidated Products and Services... Purchasing. No other Schedules, or SINs, containing information technology outside of Schedule 70 SINs, and...

48 CFR 538.7001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... used in this subpart, means Schedule 70 information technology contracts, and Consolidated Products and Services Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs. The Consolidated Products and Services... Purchasing. No other Schedules, or SINs, containing information technology outside of Schedule 70 SINs, and...

48 CFR 538.7001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... used in this subpart, means Schedule 70 information technology contracts, and Consolidated Products and Services Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs. The Consolidated Products and Services... Purchasing. No other Schedules, or SINs, containing information technology outside of Schedule 70 SINs, and...

48 CFR 538.7001 - Definitions.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... used in this subpart, means Schedule 70 information technology contracts, and Consolidated Products and Services Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs. The Consolidated Products and Services... Purchasing. No other Schedules, or SINs, containing information technology outside of Schedule 70 SINs, and...

Investigation of silicon surface passivation by silicon nitride film deposition

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Olsen, L. C.

1984-01-01

The use of Sin sub x grown by plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVO) for passivating silicon surfaces was studied. The application of PECVO SiN sub x films for passivations of silicon N+/P or P+/N solar cells is of particular interest. This program has involved the following areas of investigation: (1) Establishment of PECVO system and development of procedures for growth of SiN sub x; (2) Optical characterization of SiN sub x films; (3) Characterization of the SiN sub x/Si interface; (4) Surface recombination velocity deduced from photoresponse; (5) Current-Voltage analyses of silicon N+/P cells; and (6) Gated diode device studies.

Approximation properties of Fejér- and de la Valleé-Poussin-type means for partial sums of a special series in the system \\{\\sin x\\sin kx\\}_{k=1}^\\infty

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sharapudinov, I. I.

2015-04-01

This paper is concerned with series of the form \\displaystyle Φ(θ)=A_Φ(θ)+\\sinθ\\sumk=1^∞\\varphi_k\\sin kθ, where Φ(θ) is an even 2π-periodic function with finite values Φ(0) and Φ(π), \\displaystyle A_Φ(θ)=\\frac{Φ(0)+Φ(π)}{2}+\\frac{Φ(0)-Φ(π)}{2}\\cosθ,\\qquad\\varphi(θ)=Φ(θ)-A_Φ(θ), \\displaystyle \\varphi_k=\\frac{2}π\\int_0^π\\varphi(t)\\frac{\\sin kt}{\\sin t} dt. Series of this type appear as a particular case of more general special series in ultraspherical Jacobi polynomials, which were first introduced and studied by the author. Partial sums of the form \\Pi_n(Φ)=\\Pi_n(Φ,θ)=A_Φ(θ)+\\sinθ\\sumk=1n-1\\varphi_k\\sin kθ are shown to have a number of important properties, which give them an advantage over trigonometric Fourier sums of the form S_n(Φ,θ)=\\frac{a_0}{2}+\\sumk=1^na_k\\cos kθ. Approximation properties of Fejér- and de la Valleé-Poussin-type means for the partial sums \\Pi_n(Φ,θ) are studied. Bibliography: 7 titles.

Dma1-dependent degradation of SIN proteins during meiosis in Schizosaccharomyces pombe.

PubMed

Krapp, Andrea; Simanis, Viesturs

2014-07-15

The Schizosaccharomyces pombe septation initiation network (SIN) is required for cytokinesis during vegetative growth and for spore formation during meiosis. Regulation of the SIN during mitosis has been studied extensively, but less is known about its meiotic regulation. Here, we show that several aspects of SIN regulation differ between mitosis and meiosis. First, the presence of GTP-bound Spg1p is not the main determinant of the timing of Cdc7p and Sid1p association with the spindle pole body (SPB) during meiosis. Second, the localisation dependencies of SIN proteins differ from those in mitotic cells, suggesting a modified functional organisation of the SIN during meiosis. Third, there is stage-specific degradation of SIN components in meiosis; Byr4p is degraded after meiosis I, whereas the degradation of Cdc7p, Cdc11p and Sid4p occurs after the second meiotic division and depends upon the ubiquitin ligase Dma1p. Finally, Dma1p-dependent degradation is not restricted to the SIN, as we show that Dma1p is needed for the degradation of Mcp6p (also known as Hrs1p) during meiosis I. Taken together, these data suggest that stage-specific targeted proteolysis plays an important role in regulating meiotic progression. © 2014. Published by The Company of Biologists Ltd.

Influence of the direct NO-donor SIN-1 on the interaction between platelets and stainless steel stents under dynamic conditions.

PubMed

Jung, F; Mrowietz, C; Seyfert, U T; Grewe, R; Franke, R P

2003-01-01

It was investigated whether the NO-donor SIN-1, the active metabolite of molsidomine, influenced the activation of platelets, the formation of circulating platelet aggregates, the spontaneous aggregation of platelets and the activation of the clotting system triggered by a body foreign surface in an in vitro closed-loop perfusion model. With human platelet-rich plasma at micromolar concentrations SIN-1 exerted pronounced effects on the interaction between platelets and an exogenous surface. In the absence of SIN-1, the number of circulating single platelets decreased significantly, which could be due either to the formation of circulating platelet aggregates or to the adhesion of platelets to the stent. Both these processes were blocked by the addition of SIN-1. Moreover, the platelets exhibited hyperaggregability in the absence of SIN-1 whereas the NO-donor was able to completely inhibit spontaneous platelet aggregation. Similar results were obtained in flow cytometry experiments. Without SIN-1, high platelet surface densities of both the GPIb/IX and GPIIb/IIIa receptors were observed. In addition, the density of the fibrinogen receptor increased significantly with the number of perfusion cycles. SIN-1 was able to suppress the augmented GPIIb/IIIa receptor expression significantly. Molsidomine seemed to have the potential to reduce the incidence of thrombotic processes triggered by the exogenous surface of the stent.

Protective Effects of Sinomenine on CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain in Rats.

PubMed

Yuan, Yan; Zhang, Yongjun; He, Xiaofeng; Fan, Shengdeng

2018-04-05

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sinomenine (SIN) on CFA-induced inflammatory pain in rats, and to explore the underlying molecular mechanisms. MATERIAL AND METHODS To determine the potential influences of SIN in the pathogenesis of inflammatory pain, an inflammatory pain (IP) mouse model was established and rats were treated with SIN (30 mg/kg). Behavioral tests were used to assess the MWT and TWL of the rats. ELISA assay was used to detect the level of inflammation cytokines. Western blotting and qRT-PCR were carried out to measure the related protein and mRNA expression level, respectively. RESULTS We found that the MWT and TWL of the CFA-treated rats were markedly lower than that of the control rats, and they were significantly increased by SIN administration. The results suggest that IP rats had higher levels of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 compared with the control rats. SIN administration decreased the levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. In addition, we found that p-p65 and p-p38 expression notably decreased after SIN treatment in IP rats. Moreover, the results showed that SIN inhibited Cox-2 and PGE2 expression in IP rats. CONCLUSIONS The data indicate that SIN had a protective role in inflammatory pain through repressing inflammatory mediators via preventing the p38MAPK-NF-κB pathway.

Applied Information Systems Research Program Workshop

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Bredekamp, Joe

1991-01-01

Viewgraphs on Applied Information Systems Research Program Workshop are presented. Topics covered include: the Earth Observing System Data and Information System; the planetary data system; Astrophysics Data System project review; OAET Computer Science and Data Systems Programs; the Center of Excellence in Space Data and Information Sciences; and CASIS background.

NASA STI Program Seminar: Electronic documents

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

1994-01-01

The theme of this NASA Scientific and Technical Information Program Seminar was electronic documents. Topics covered included Electronic Documents Management at the CASI, the Impact of Electronic Publishing on User Expectations and Searching Image Record Management, Secondary Publisher Considerations for Electronic Journal Literature, and the Technical Manual Publishing On Demand System (TMPODS).

Using classification and NDVI differencing methods for monitoring sparse vegetation coverage: a case study of saltcedar in Nevada, USA.

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

A change detection experiment for an invasive species, saltcedar, near Lovelock, Nevada, was conducted with multi-date Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI) hyperspectral datasets. Classification and NDVI differencing change detection methods were tested, In the classification strategy, a p...

A chimeric alphavirus replicon particle vaccine expressing the hemagglutinin and fusion proteins protects juvenile and infant rhesus macaques from measles.

PubMed

Pan, Chien-Hsiung; Greer, Catherine E; Hauer, Debra; Legg, Harold S; Lee, Eun-Young; Bergen, M Jeff; Lau, Brandyn; Adams, Robert J; Polo, John M; Griffin, Diane E

2010-04-01

Measles remains a major cause of child mortality, in part due to an inability to vaccinate young infants with the current live attenuated virus vaccine (LAV). To explore new approaches to infant vaccination, chimeric Venezuelan equine encephalitis/Sindbis virus (VEE/SIN) replicon particles were used to express the hemagglutinin (H) and fusion (F) proteins of measles virus (MV). Juvenile rhesus macaques vaccinated intradermally with a single dose of VEE/SIN expressing H or H and F proteins (VEE/SIN-H or VEE/SIN-H+F, respectively) developed high titers of MV-specific neutralizing antibody and gamma-interferon (IFN-gamma)-producing T cells. Infant macaques vaccinated with two doses of VEE/SIN-H+F also developed neutralizing antibody and IFN-gamma-producing T cells. Control animals were vaccinated with LAV or with a formalin-inactivated measles vaccine (FIMV). Neutralizing antibody remained above the protective level for more than 1 year after vaccination with VEE/SIN-H, VEE/SIN-H+F, or LAV. When challenged with wild-type MV 12 to 17 months after vaccination, all vaccinated juvenile and infant monkeys vaccinated with VEE/SIN-H, VEE/SIN-H+F, and LAV were protected from rash and viremia, while FIMV-vaccinated monkeys were not. Antibody was boosted by challenge in all groups. T-cell responses to challenge were biphasic, with peaks at 7 to 25 days and at 90 to 110 days in all groups, except for the LAV group. Recrudescent T-cell activity coincided with the presence of MV RNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. We conclude that VEE/SIN expressing H or H and F induces durable immune responses that protect from measles and offers a promising new approach for measles vaccination. The viral and immunological factors associated with long-term control of MV replication require further investigation.

Elastomers and Rubber Technology: Proceedings of the Sagamore Conference (32nd) Held in Lake Luzerne, New York on 22-26 July 1985

DTIC Science & Technology

1985-07-26

Insulation composite ma- terials. Presently used materials in these applications are often difficult to fabricate, labor intensive to apply, and un- pleasant...dafouatluss. Geometry i 1 (O) * d* + dOe - acoso - + sin# i)ds drl + dzA$ - (r 8 ; + Zs5 lds Stretch Ratio , 121 / i’-11 . 2 ÷ 2)1/2 Total Langrangian

Transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A silencing rescues decline in memory consolidation during scopolamine-induced amnesia.

PubMed

Srivas, Sweta; Thakur, Mahendra K

2018-05-01

Epigenetic modifications through methylation of DNA and acetylation of histones modulate neuronal gene expression and regulate long-term memory. Earlier we demonstrated that scopolamine-induced decrease in memory consolidation is correlated with enhanced expression of hippocampal DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) and histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2) in mice. DNMT1 and HDAC2 act together by recruiting a co-repressor complex and deacetylating the chromatin. The catalytic activity of HDACs is mainly dependent on its incorporation into multiprotein co-repressor complexes, among which SIN3A-HDAC2 co-repressor is widely studied to regulate synaptic plasticity. However, the involvement of co-repressor complex in regulating memory loss or amnesia is unexplored. This study examines the role of co-repressor SIN3A in scopolamine-induced amnesia through epigenetic changes in the hippocampus. Scopolamine treatment remarkably enhanced hippocampal SIN3A expression in mice. To prevent such increase in SIN3A expression, we used hippocampal infusion of SIN3A-siRNA and assessed the effect of SIN3A silencing on scopolamine-induced amnesia. Silencing of SIN3A in amnesic mice reduced the binding of HDAC2 at neuronal immediate early genes (IEGs) promoter, but did not change the expression of HDAC2. Furthermore, it increased acetylation of H3K9 and H3K14 at neuronal IEGs (Arc, Egr1, Homer1 and Narp) promoter, prevented scopolamine-induced down-regulation of IEGs and improved consolidation of memory during novel object recognition task. These findings together suggest that SIN3A has a critical role in regulation of synaptic plasticity and might act as a potential therapeutic target to rescue memory decline during amnesia and other neuropsychiatric pathologies. © 2018 International Society for Neurochemistry.

Integrated Positioning for Coal Mining Machinery in Enclosed Underground Mine Based on SINS/WSN

PubMed Central

Hui, Jing; Wu, Lei; Yan, Wenxu; Zhou, Lijuan

2014-01-01

To realize dynamic positioning of the shearer, a new method based on SINS/WSN is studied in this paper. Firstly, the shearer movement model is built and running regularity of the shearer in coal mining face has been mastered. Secondly, as external calibration of SINS using GPS is infeasible in enclosed underground mine, WSN positioning strategy is proposed to eliminate accumulative error produced by SINS; then the corresponding coupling model is established. Finally, positioning performance is analyzed by simulation and experiment. Results show that attitude angle and position of the shearer can be real-timely tracked by integrated positioning strategy based on SINS/WSN, and positioning precision meet the demand of actual working condition. PMID:24574891

The sin in the aetiological concept of Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843). Part 1: Between theology and psychiatry. Heinroth's concepts of 'whose being', 'freedom', 'reason' and 'disturbance of the soul'.

PubMed

Steinberg, Holger

2004-09-01

Throughout his work Johann Christian August Heinroth regarded sin to be the cause of mental illness. The present two-part paper investigates what exactly Heinroth understood by sin. Based on a thorough analysis of his own texts, this study shows that on the one hand Heinroth referred to sin in a Christian-Protestant sense. On the other, however, a moral-ethical code of conduct was also involved. Thus, Heinroth did not regard sin as a singular event, but rather as a life conducted in a wrong way for years or even decades, by which he meant a steady striving towards earthly, bodily satisfaction.

Microcomputers and the Electrical Engineer.

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

B6 10*SIN(B4*B1I) 12 BII+B6 10*SIN(B4*812) 13 B12+B6 1O*SIN(B4*BI3) 14 B13+B6 10*SIN(B4*B14) 15 B14+B6 10*SIN(B4*BI5) 16 B15+B6 10*SIN(B4* Bl6 ) 17 B16 ...C15)),AND(D15,NOT(EI5 16 0 0 1 0 OR(AND( B16 ,NOT(C16)),AND(D16,NOT(E16 a17 0 0 0 1 OR(AND(B17,NOT(C17)),AND(D17,NOT(E17 18 0 0 0 0 OR(AND(B18,NOT(C18...NOT(E15)) 16 0 0 010 AND(AND( Bl6 ,NOT(Cl7)),AND(D16,NOT(E16)) 18 0) 0 0 0 AND(AND(B18,NOT(C18)),AND(D18,NOT(E18)) 19 Figure 3 I A IIBIJCIIDIIEII F I 1

Modification of silicon nitride surfaces with GOPES and APTES for antibody immobilization: computational and experimental studies

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Dien To, Thien; Nguyen, Anh Tuan; Nhat Thanh Phan, Khoa; Thu Thi Truong, An; Doan, Tin Chanh Duc; Mau Dang, Chien

2015-12-01

Chemical modification of silicon nitride (SiN) surfaces by silanization has been widely studied especially with 3-(aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (APTES) and 3-(glycidyloxypropyl) dimethylethoxysilane (GOPES). However few reports performed the experimental and computational studies together. In this study, surface modification of SiN surfaces with GOPES and APTES covalently bound with glutaraldehyde (GTA) was investigated for antibody immobilization. The monoclonal anti-cytokeratin-FITC (MACF) antibody was immobilized on the modified SiN surfaces. The modified surfaces were characterized by water contact angle measurements, atomic force microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. The FITC-fluorescent label indicated the existence of MACF antibody on the SiN surfaces and the efficiency of the silanization reaction. Absorption of APTES and GOPES on the oxidized SiN surfaces was computationally modeled and calculated by Materials Studio software. The computational and experimental results showed that modification of the SiN surfaces with APTES and GTA was more effective than the modification with GOPES.

[Control levels of Sin3 histone deacetylase for spontaneous and UV-induced mutagenesis in yeasts Saccharomyces cerevisiae].

PubMed

Lebovka, I Iu; Kozhina, T N; Fedorova, I V; Peshekhonov, V T; Evstiukhina, T A; Chernenkov, A Iu; Korolev, V G

2014-01-01

SIN3 gene product operates as a repressor for a huge amount of genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Sin3 protein with a mass of about 175 kDa is a member of the RPD3 protein complex with an assessed mass of greater than 2 million Da. It was previously shownthat RPD3 gene mutations influence recombination and repair processes in S. cerevisiae yeasts. We studied the impacts of the sin3 mutation on UV-light sensitivity and UV-induced mutagenesis in budding yeast cells. The deletion ofthe SIN3 gene causes weak UV-sensitivity of mutant budding cells as compared to the wild-type strain. These results show that the sin3 mutation decreases both spontaneous and UV-induced levels of levels. This fact is hypothetically related to themalfunction of ribonucleotide reductase activity regulation, which leads to a decrease in the dNTP pool and the inaccurate error-prone damage bypass postreplication repair pathway, which in turn provokes a reduction in the incidence of mutations.

Reversal of an Epigenetic Switch Governing Cell Chaining in Bacillus subtilis by Protein Instability

PubMed Central

Chai, Yunrong; Kolter, Roberto; Losick, Richard

2010-01-01

Bacillus subtilis forms long chains of cells during growth and biofilm formation. Cell separation is mediated by autolysins, whose genes are under the negative control of a heteromeric complex composed of the proteins SinR and SlrR. Formation of the SinR•SlrR complex is governed by a self-reinforcing, double-negative feedback loop in which SinR represses the gene for SlrR and SlrR, by forming the SinR•SlrR complex, titrates SinR and prevents it from repressing slrR. The loop is a bistable switch and exists in a SlrRLOW state in which autolysin genes are on, and a SlrRHIGH state in which autolysin genes are repressed by SinR•SlrR. Cells in the SlrRLOW state are driven into the SlrRHIGH state by SinI, an antirepressor that binds to and inhibits SinR. However, the mechanism by which cells in the SlrRHIGH state revert back to the SlrRLOW state is unknown. We report that SlrR is proteolytically unstable and present evidence that self-cleavage via a LexA-like autopeptidase and ClpC contribute to its degradation. Cells producing a self-cleavage-resistant mutant of SlrR exhibited more persistent chaining during growth and yielded biofilms with enhanced structural complexity. We propose that degradation of SlrR allows cells to switch from the SlrRHIGH to the SlrRLOW state. PMID:20923420

Extreme wind-wave modeling and analysis in the south Atlantic ocean

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Campos, R. M.; Alves, J. H. G. M.; Guedes Soares, C.; Guimaraes, L. G.; Parente, C. E.

2018-04-01

A set of wave hindcasts is constructed using two different types of wind calibration, followed by an additional test retuning the input source term Sin in the wave model. The goal is to improve the simulation in extreme wave events in the South Atlantic Ocean without compromising average conditions. Wind fields are based on Climate Forecast System Reanalysis (CFSR/NCEP). The first wind calibration applies a simple linear regression model, with coefficients obtained from the comparison of CFSR against buoy data. The second is a method where deficiencies of the CFSR associated with severe sea state events are remedied, whereby "defective" winds are replaced with satellite data within cyclones. A total of six wind datasets forced WAVEWATCH-III and additional three tests with modified Sin in WAVEWATCH III lead to a total of nine wave hindcasts that are evaluated against satellite and buoy data for ambient and extreme conditions. The target variable considered is the significant wave height (Hs). The increase of sea-state severity shows a progressive increase of the hindcast underestimation which could be calculated as a function of percentiles. The wind calibration using a linear regression function shows similar results to the adjustments to Sin term (increase of βmax parameter) in WAVEWATCH-III - it effectively reduces the average bias of Hs but cannot avoid the increase of errors with percentiles. The use of blended scatterometer winds within cyclones could reduce the increasing wave hindcast errors mainly above the 93rd percentile and leads to a better representation of Hs at the peak of the storms. The combination of linear regression calibration of non-cyclonic winds with scatterometer winds within the cyclones generated a wave hindcast with small errors from calm to extreme conditions. This approach led to a reduction of the percentage error of Hs from 14% to less than 8% for extreme waves, while also improving the RMSE.

48 CFR 538.7004 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

...— (1) Schedule 70; (2) The Consolidated Schedule containing information technology SINs; and (3... Schedule containing information technology SINs; and (3) Schedule 84. (c) The contracting officer shall... information technology SINs; and (3) Schedule 84. (d) See 552.101-70 for authorized FAR deviations. [73 FR...

48 CFR 538.7004 - Solicitation provisions and contract clauses.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2011 CFR

2011-10-01

...— (1) Schedule 70; (2) The Consolidated Schedule containing information technology SINs; and (3... Schedule containing information technology SINs; and (3) Schedule 84. (c) The contracting officer shall... information technology SINs; and (3) Schedule 84. (d) See 552.101-70 for authorized FAR deviations. [73 FR...

Experimental evidence of trap level modulation in silicon nitride thin films by hydrogen annealing

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Seki, Harumi; Kamimuta, Yuuichi; Mitani, Yuichiro

2018-06-01

The energy level of electron traps in silicon nitride (SiN x ) thin films was investigated by discharging current transient spectroscopy (DCTS). Results indicate that the trap level of the SiN x thin films becomes deeper with decreasing composition (N/Si) and shallower after hydrogen annealing. The dependence of the trap level on the SiN x composition and the modulation of the trap level by hydrogen annealing are possibly related to the change in the number of Si–H bonds in the SiN x thin films.

SIN3A mutations are rare in men with azoospermia.

PubMed

Miyamoto, T; Koh, E; Tsujimura, A; Miyagawa, Y; Minase, G; Ueda, Y; Namiki, M; Sengoku, K

2015-11-01

A loss of function of the murine Sin3A gene resulted in male infertility with Sertoli cell-only syndrome (SCOS) phenotype in mice. Here, we investigated the relevance of this gene to human male infertility with azoospermia caused by SCOS. Mutation analysis of SIN3A in the coding region was performed on 80 Japanese patients. However, no variants could be detected. This study suggests a lack of association of SIN3A gene sequence variants with azoospermia caused by SCOS in humans. © 2014 Blackwell Verlag GmbH.

The sin in the aetiological concept of Johann Christian August Heinroth (1773-1843): Part 2: Self-guilt as turning away from reason in the framework of Heinroth's concept of the interrelationships between body and soul.

PubMed

Steinberg, Holger

2004-12-01

Throughout his work Johann Christian August Heinroth regarded sin to be the cause of mental illness. The present two-part paper investigates what exactly Heinroth understood by sin. Based on a thorough analysis of his own texts, this study shows that on the one hand Heinroth referred to sin in a Christian-Protestant sense. On the other, however, a moral-ethical code of conduct was also involved. Thus, Heinroth did not regard sin as a singular event, but rather as a life conducted in a wrong way for years or even decades, by which he meant a steady striving towards earthly, bodily satisfaction.

Selective layer disordering in intersubband Al 0.028Ga 0.972 N/AlN superlattices with silicon nitride capping layer

DOE PAGES

Wierer, Jonathan J.; Allerman, Andrew A.; Skogen, Erik J.; ...

2015-06-01

We demonstrate the selective layer disordering in intersubband Al 0.028Ga 0.972 N/AlN superlattices using a silicon nitride (SiN x) capping layer. The (SiN x) capped superlattice exhibits suppressed layer disordering under high-temperature annealing. In addition, the rate of layer disordering is reduced with increased SiN x thickness. The layer disordering is caused by Si diffusion, and the SiN x layer inhibits vacancy formation at the crystal surface and ultimately, the movement of Al and Ga atoms across the heterointerfaces. In conclusion, patterning of the SiN x layer results in selective layer disordering, an attractive method to integrate active and passivemore » III–nitride-based intersubband devices.« less

What Is Happening at Spectral Type F5 in Hyades F Stars?

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Boehm-Vitense, Erika; Robinson, Richard; Carpenter, Kenneth; Mena-Werth, Jose

2002-01-01

Aiming at a better understanding of the mechanisms heating the chromospheres, transition regions, and coronae of cool stars, we study ultraviolet, low-resolution Hubble Space Telescope/Space Telescope Imaging Spectrograph spectra of Hyades main-sequence F stars. We study the B-V dependence(s) of the chromospheric and transition layer emission line fluxes and their dependences on rotational velocities. We find that the transition layer emission line fluxes and also those of strong chromospheric lines decrease steeply between B-V = 0.42 and 0.45, i.e., at spectral type F5, for which the rotational velocities also decrease steeply. The magnitude of the line-flux decrease increases for lines of ions with increasing degree of ionization. This shows that the line-flux decrease is not due to a change in the surface filling factor but rather due to a change of the relative importance of different heating mechanisms. For early F stars with B-V < 0.42 we find for the transition layer emission lines increasing fluxes for increasing v sin i, indicating magnetohydrodynamic heating. The v sin i dependence is strongest for the high-ionization lines. On the other hand, the low chromospheric lines show no dependence on v sin i, indicating acoustic shock heating for these layers. This also contributes to the heating of the transition layers. The Mg II and Ca II lines show decreasing fluxes for increasing v sin i, as long as v sin i is less than approx. 40 km/s. The coronal X-ray emission also decreases for increasing v sin i, except for v sin i larger than approx. 100 km/s. We have at present no explanation for this behavior. For late F stars the chromospheric lines show v sin i dependences similar to those observed for early F stars, again indicating acoustic heating for these layers. We were unable to determine the v sin i dependence of the transition layer lines because of too few single star targets. The decrease of emission line fluxes at the spectral type F5, with steeply decreasing v sin i, indicates, however, a decreasing contribution of magnetohydrodynamic heating for the late F stars. The X-ray emission for the late F stars increases for increasing v sin i, indicating magnetohydrodynamic heating for the coronae of the late F stars, different from the early F stars.

AUDIO-CASI

PubMed Central

Cooley, Philip C.; Turner, Charles F.; O'Reilly, James M.; Allen, Danny R.; Hamill, David N.; Paddock, Richard E.

2011-01-01

This article reviews a multimedia application in the area of survey measurement research: adding audio capabilities to a computer-assisted interviewing system. Hardware and software issues are discussed, and potential hardware devices that operate from DOS platforms are reviewed. Three types of hardware devices are considered: PCMCIA devices, parallel port attachments, and laptops with built-in sound. PMID:22096271

Phase Diagram of the Al-Ca-Fe-Si System and Its Application for the Design of Aluminum Matrix Composites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Belov, Nikolay A.; Naumova, Evgeniya A.; Akopyan, Torgom K.; Doroshenko, Vitaliy V.

2018-05-01

The phase composition of aluminum alloys in the Al-Ca-Fe-Si system, including the distribution of phases in the solid state and solidification reactions, has been studied. It is shown that the addition of iron and silicon to Al-Ca alloys leads to the formation of ternary Al2CaSi2 and Al10CaFe2 compounds. The equilibrium between these compounds implies the occurrence of the quaternary L → Al + Al4Ca + Al2CaSi2 + Al10CaFe2 eutectic reaction. The alloys near this eutectic have the best structure, which is typical of aluminum matrix composites. It is shown that Al-Ca alloys can have high manufacturability during both shape casting and rolling. This is due to the combination of a narrow temperature range of solidification and a favorable morphology for the eutectic, which has a fine structure. The combination of the mechanical and physical properties of the Al-Ca eutectic-based alloys significantly exceed those of branded alloys based on aluminum-silicon eutectics.

Sina and Sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs Pina and Pinb in wheat

PubMed Central

2013-01-01

Background Secaloindoline a (Sina) and secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It has already been proven that RNA interference (RNAi)-based silencing of Pina and Pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (J Exp Bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). The function of Sina and Sinb in triticale was tested by means of RNAi silencing and compared to wheat. Results Novel Sina and Sinb alleles in wild-type plants of cv. Wanad were identified and their expression profiles characterized. Alignment with wheat Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a alleles showed 95% and 93.3% homology with Sina and Sinb coding sequences. Twenty transgenic lines transformed with two hpRNA silencing cassettes directed to silence Sina or Sinb were obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. A significant decrease of expression of both Sin genes in segregating progeny of tested T1 lines was observed independent of the silencing cassette used. The silencing was transmitted to the T4 kernel generation. The relative transcript level was reduced by up to 99% in T3 progeny with the mean for the sublines being around 90%. Silencing of the Sin genes resulted in a substantial decrease of secaloindoline a and secaloindoline b content. The identity of SIN peptides was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The hardness index, measured by the SKCS (Single Kernel Characterization System) method, ranged from 22 to 56 in silent lines and from 37 to 49 in the control, and the mean values were insignificantly lower in the silent ones, proving increased softness. Additionally, the mean total seed protein content of silenced lines was about 6% lower compared with control lines. Correlation coefficients between hardness and transcript level were weakly positive. Conclusions We documented that RNAi-based silencing of Sin genes resulted in significant decrease of their transcripts and the level of both secaloindoline proteins, however did not affect grain hardness. The unexpected, functional differences of Sin genes from triticale compared with their orthologs, Pin of wheat, are discussed. PMID:24279512

Silicon nitride and silicon etching by CH{sub 3}F/O{sub 2} and CH{sub 3}F/CO{sub 2} plasma beams

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kaler, Sanbir S.; Lou, Qiaowei; Donnelly, Vincent M., E-mail: vmdonnelly@uh.edu

2016-07-15

Silicon nitride (SiN, where Si:N ≠ 1:1) films low pressure-chemical vapor deposited on Si substrates, Si films on Ge on Si substrates, and p-Si samples were exposed to plasma beams emanating from CH{sub 3}F/O{sub 2} or CH{sub 3}F/CO{sub 2} inductively coupled plasmas. Conditions within the plasma beam source were maintained at power of 300 W (1.9 W/cm{sup 3}), pressure of 10 mTorr, and total gas flow rate of 10 sccm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the thicknesses of Si/Ge in addition to hydrofluorocarbon polymer films formed at low %O{sub 2} or %CO{sub 2} addition on p-Si and SiN. Polymer film thickness decreasedmore » sharply as a function of increasing %O{sub 2} or %CO{sub 2} addition and dropped to monolayer thickness above the transition point (∼48% O{sub 2} or ∼75% CO{sub 2}) at which the polymer etchants (O and F) number densities in the plasma increased abruptly. The C(1s) spectra for the polymer films deposited on p-Si substrates appeared similar to those on SiN. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to measure the thickness of SiN films etched using the CH{sub 3}F/O{sub 2} and CH{sub 3}F/CO{sub 2} plasma beams. SiN etching rates peaked near 50% O{sub 2} addition and 73% CO{sub 2} addition. Faster etching rates were measured in CH{sub 3}F/CO{sub 2} than CH{sub 3}F/O{sub 2} plasmas above 70% O{sub 2} or CO{sub 2} addition. The etching of Si stopped after a loss of ∼3 nm, regardless of beam exposure time and %O{sub 2} or %CO{sub 2} addition, apparently due to plasma assisted oxidation of Si. An additional GeO{sub x}F{sub y} peak was observed at 32.5 eV in the Ge(3d) region, suggesting deep penetration of F into Si, under the conditions investigated.« less

Sina and Sinb genes in triticale do not determine grain hardness contrary to their orthologs Pina and Pinb in wheat.

PubMed

Gasparis, Sebastian; Orczyk, Waclaw; Nadolska-Orczyk, Anna

2013-11-26

Secaloindoline a (Sina) and secaloindoline b (Sinb) genes of hexaploid triticale (x Triticosecale Wittmack) are orthologs of puroindoline a (Pina) and puroindoline b (Pinb) in hexaploid wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). It has already been proven that RNA interference (RNAi)-based silencing of Pina and Pinb genes significantly decreased the puroindoline a and puroindoline b proteins in wheat and essentially increased grain hardness (J Exp Bot 62:4025-4036, 2011). The function of Sina and Sinb in triticale was tested by means of RNAi silencing and compared to wheat. Novel Sina and Sinb alleles in wild-type plants of cv. Wanad were identified and their expression profiles characterized. Alignment with wheat Pina-D1a and Pinb-D1a alleles showed 95% and 93.3% homology with Sina and Sinb coding sequences. Twenty transgenic lines transformed with two hpRNA silencing cassettes directed to silence Sina or Sinb were obtained by the Agrobacterium-mediated method. A significant decrease of expression of both Sin genes in segregating progeny of tested T1 lines was observed independent of the silencing cassette used. The silencing was transmitted to the T4 kernel generation. The relative transcript level was reduced by up to 99% in T3 progeny with the mean for the sublines being around 90%. Silencing of the Sin genes resulted in a substantial decrease of secaloindoline a and secaloindoline b content. The identity of SIN peptides was confirmed by mass spectrometry. The hardness index, measured by the SKCS (Single Kernel Characterization System) method, ranged from 22 to 56 in silent lines and from 37 to 49 in the control, and the mean values were insignificantly lower in the silent ones, proving increased softness. Additionally, the mean total seed protein content of silenced lines was about 6% lower compared with control lines. Correlation coefficients between hardness and transcript level were weakly positive. We documented that RNAi-based silencing of Sin genes resulted in significant decrease of their transcripts and the level of both secaloindoline proteins, however did not affect grain hardness. The unexpected, functional differences of Sin genes from triticale compared with their orthologs, Pin of wheat, are discussed.

Neural Correlates of Early Sound Encoding and their Relationship to Speech-in-Noise Perception

PubMed Central

Coffey, Emily B. J.; Chepesiuk, Alexander M. P.; Herholz, Sibylle C.; Baillet, Sylvain; Zatorre, Robert J.

2017-01-01

Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is a complex cognitive skill that affects social, vocational, and educational activities. Poor SIN ability particularly affects young and elderly populations, yet varies considerably even among healthy young adults with normal hearing. Although SIN skills are known to be influenced by top-down processes that can selectively enhance lower-level sound representations, the complementary role of feed-forward mechanisms and their relationship to musical training is poorly understood. Using a paradigm that minimizes the main top-down factors that have been implicated in SIN performance such as working memory, we aimed to better understand how robust encoding of periodicity in the auditory system (as measured by the frequency-following response) contributes to SIN perception. Using magnetoencephalograpy, we found that the strength of encoding at the fundamental frequency in the brainstem, thalamus, and cortex is correlated with SIN accuracy. The amplitude of the slower cortical P2 wave was previously also shown to be related to SIN accuracy and FFR strength; we use MEG source localization to show that the P2 wave originates in a temporal region anterior to that of the cortical FFR. We also confirm that the observed enhancements were related to the extent and timing of musicianship. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that basic feed-forward sound encoding affects SIN perception by providing better information to later processing stages, and that modifying this process may be one mechanism through which musical training might enhance the auditory networks that subserve both musical and language functions. PMID:28890684

Gas diffusion ultrabarriers on polymer substrates using Al2O3 atomic layer deposition and SiN plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carcia, P. F.; McLean, R. S.; Groner, M. D.; Dameron, A. A.; George, S. M.

2009-07-01

Thin films grown by Al2O3 atomic layer deposition (ALD) and SiN plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) have been tested as gas diffusion barriers either individually or as bilayers on polymer substrates. Single films of Al2O3 ALD with thicknesses of ≥10 nm had a water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) of ≤5×10-5 g/m2 day at 38 °C/85% relative humidity (RH), as measured by the Ca test. This WVTR value was limited by H2O permeability through the epoxy seal, as determined by the Ca test for the glass lid control. In comparison, SiN PECVD films with a thickness of 100 nm had a WVTR of ˜7×10-3 g/m2 day at 38 °C/85% RH. Significant improvements resulted when the SiN PECVD film was coated with an Al2O3 ALD film. An Al2O3 ALD film with a thickness of only 5 nm on a SiN PECVD film with a thickness of 100 nm reduced the WVTR from ˜7×10-3 to ≤5×10-5 g/m2 day at 38 °C/85% RH. The reduction in the permeability for Al2O3 ALD on the SiN PECVD films was attributed to either Al2O3 ALD sealing defects in the SiN PECVD film or improved nucleation of Al2O3 ALD on SiN.

Effect of SiN x diffusion barrier thickness on the structural properties and photocatalytic activity of TiO2 films obtained by sol-gel dip coating and reactive magnetron sputtering.

PubMed

Ghazzal, Mohamed Nawfal; Aubry, Eric; Chaoui, Nouari; Robert, Didier

2015-01-01

We investigate the effect of the thickness of the silicon nitride (SiN x ) diffusion barrier on the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films obtained with different processes. We show that the structural and photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films produced using soft chemistry (sol-gel) and physical methods (reactive sputtering) are affected differentially by the intercalating SiN x diffusion barrier. Increasing the thickness of the SiN x diffusion barrier induced a gradual decrease of the crystallite size of TiO2 films obtained by the sol-gel process. However, TiO2 obtained using the reactive sputtering method showed no dependence on the thickness of the SiN x barrier diffusion. The SiN x barrier diffusion showed a beneficial effect on the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO2 films regardless of the synthesis method used. The proposed mechanism leading to the improvement in the photocatalytic efficiency of the TiO2 films obtained by each process was discussed.

Haploinsufficiency of MeCP2-interacting transcriptional co-repressor SIN3A causes mild intellectual disability by affecting the development of cortical integrity.

PubMed

Witteveen, Josefine S; Willemsen, Marjolein H; Dombroski, Thaís C D; van Bakel, Nick H M; Nillesen, Willy M; van Hulten, Josephus A; Jansen, Eric J R; Verkaik, Dave; Veenstra-Knol, Hermine E; van Ravenswaaij-Arts, Conny M A; Wassink-Ruiter, Jolien S Klein; Vincent, Marie; David, Albert; Le Caignec, Cedric; Schieving, Jolanda; Gilissen, Christian; Foulds, Nicola; Rump, Patrick; Strom, Tim; Cremer, Kirsten; Zink, Alexander M; Engels, Hartmut; de Munnik, Sonja A; Visser, Jasper E; Brunner, Han G; Martens, Gerard J M; Pfundt, Rolph; Kleefstra, Tjitske; Kolk, Sharon M

2016-08-01

Numerous genes are associated with neurodevelopmental disorders such as intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder (ASD), but their dysfunction is often poorly characterized. Here we identified dominant mutations in the gene encoding the transcriptional repressor and MeCP2 interactor switch-insensitive 3 family member A (SIN3A; chromosome 15q24.2) in individuals who, in addition to mild intellectual disability and ASD, share striking features, including facial dysmorphisms, microcephaly and short stature. This phenotype is highly related to that of individuals with atypical 15q24 microdeletions, linking SIN3A to this microdeletion syndrome. Brain magnetic resonance imaging showed subtle abnormalities, including corpus callosum hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly. Intriguingly, in vivo functional knockdown of Sin3a led to reduced cortical neurogenesis, altered neuronal identity and aberrant corticocortical projections in the developing mouse brain. Together, our data establish that haploinsufficiency of SIN3A is associated with mild syndromic intellectual disability and that SIN3A can be considered to be a key transcriptional regulator of cortical brain development.

Fuzzy adaptive integration scheme for low-cost SINS/GPS navigation system

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Nourmohammadi, Hossein; Keighobadi, Jafar

2018-01-01

Due to weak stand-alone accuracy as well as poor run-to-run stability of micro-electro mechanical system (MEMS)-based inertial sensors, special approaches are required to integrate low-cost strap-down inertial navigation system (SINS) with global positioning system (GPS), particularly in long-term applications. This paper aims to enhance long-term performance of conventional SINS/GPS navigation systems using a fuzzy adaptive integration scheme. The main concept behind the proposed adaptive integration is the good performance of attitude-heading reference system (AHRS) in low-accelerated motions and its degradation in maneuvered or accelerated motions. Depending on vehicle maneuvers, gravity-based attitude angles can be intelligently utilized to improve orientation estimation in the SINS. Knowledge-based fuzzy inference system is developed for decision-making between the AHRS and the SINS according to vehicle maneuvering conditions. Inertial measurements are the main input data of the fuzzy system to determine the maneuvering level during the vehicle motions. Accordingly, appropriate weighting coefficients are produced to combine the SINS/GPS and the AHRS, efficiently. The assessment of the proposed integrated navigation system is conducted via real data in airborne tests.

Intimate partner violence screening and the comparative effects of screening mode on disclosure of sensitive health behaviours and exposures in clinical settings.

PubMed

Frazier, T; Yount, K M

2017-02-01

Detecting sensitive health information in clinical settings is of scientific and practical importance. The purpose of this study was to determine whether mode of screening influenced disclosure of intimate partner violence (IPV) in patterns similar to other forms of sensitive information. This cross sectional study was designed to compare effects of face-to-face vs computer self-assessment for sensitive health information on disclosure rates. Multivariate logistic regression was used for the analysis. Data were collected in 2012 from 639 eligible African American consenting women receiving services in women, infants and children (WIC) clinics. Women were randomized to complete assessments of sensitive exposures via computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) or face-to-face interview (FTFI). Those with complete information were included in the analysis (n = 616). Of 39 sensitive health exposures, reporting was higher for FTFI than CASI for exposure to IPV (7 of 7 outcomes), tobacco use (2 of 3 outcomes) and reproductive health care (2 of 3 outcomes). For example, face-to-face improved disclosure of IPV in the last year (adjusted odds ratios [aOR] = 2.27; 95% CI = 1.60-3.21) and any drug, tobacco or alcohol in the last week (aOR = 1.39; 95% CI = 1.00-1.93). Trained personnel may enhance disclosure above computer-based assessments for IPV for African American women receiving public assistance through The Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants and Children (WIC) Propensities to disclose sexual health behaviour and drug use by CASI may not apply to IPV in this population. The context and personal motivations influence women's decision to disclose IPV. Copyright © 2016 The Royal Society for Public Health. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Effects of interview mode on assessments of erectile and ejaculatory dysfunction among men with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

PubMed

Catania, Joseph A; Oakley, Lisa P; Rosen, Raymond; Pollack, Lance M

2013-01-01

In a randomized experiment (N = 249; age 50 + years), this study examined if self-reports of erectile dysfunction (ED) and ejaculatory dysfunction (EjD) symptomatology were influenced by the mode of interview administration (computer-assisted self-interview [CASI], audio computer-assisted self-interview [ACASI], or computer-assisted personal interview [CAPI; involving an interviewer]). This study also examined if mode moderated person variables hypothesized to impact self-reports (social desirability, age, or depressive mood). No main or moderating effects of mode were found for self-reports of EjD symptoms. However, mode effects on reports of ED symptoms were observed, and these moderated age and social desirability effects on self-reports. Significantly more older (relative to younger) men reported high levels of ED symptoms when interview administration was by a live interviewer (CAPI) than with self-administration. Alternatively, significantly more younger men reported high levels of ED symptoms when administration was by an interviewer (CAPI) or by ACASI (vs. CASI). The Mode × Social Desirability effects were complex (see the Discussion section), showing hypothesized effects under ACASI and CAPI conditions, but an opposite effect under the CASI condition. The stability of self-reported ED symptoms did not vary by mode (based on test-retest comparisons); test-retest was significantly higher for EjD symptoms within the ACASI condition. The impact of mode of administration on self-reports of ED/EjD symptoms is less predictable and dramatic than one might conclude from prior research with other types of self-report outcomes. The findings are consistent with a small, but growing, body of studies that illustrate highly situational effects of interviewing, which may depend on a complex interplay between modes, person variables, and the interview topic/target items. Self-administered methods, in particular, may not be a universal solution to response bias.

Sr-doped nanowire modification of Ca-Si-based coatings for improved osteogenic activities and reduced inflammatory reactions

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Kai; Hu, Dandan; Xie, Youtao; Huang, Liping; Zheng, Xuebin

2018-02-01

Biomedical coatings for orthopedic implants should facilitate osseointegration and mitigate implant-induced inflammatory reactions. In our study, Ca-Si coatings with Sr-containing nanowire-like structures (NW-Sr-CS) were achieved via hydrothermal treatment. In order to identify the effect of nanowire-like topography and Sr dopant on the biological properties of Ca-Si-based coatings, the original Ca-Si coating, Ca-Si coatings modified with nanoplate (NP-CS) and similar nanowire-like structure (NW-CS) were fabricated as the control. Surface morphology, phase composition, surface area, zeta potential and ion release of these coatings were characterized. The in vitro osteogenic activities and immunomodulatory properties were evaluated with bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and RAW 264.7 cells, a mouse macrophage cell line. Compared with the CS and NP-CS coatings, the NW-CS coating possessed a larger surface area and pore volume, beneficial protein adsorption, up-regulated the expression levels of integrin β1, Vinculin and focal adhesion kinase and promoted cell spreading. Furthermore, the NW-CS coating significantly enhanced the osteogenic differentiation and mineralization as indicated by the up-regulation of ALP activity, mineralized nodule formation and osteoblastogenesis-related gene expression. With the introduction of Sr, the NW-Sr-CS coatings exerted a greater effect on the BMSC proliferation rate, calcium sensitive receptor gene expression as well as PKC and ERK1/2 phosphorylation. In addition, the Sr-doped coatings significantly up-regulated the ratio of OPG/RANKL in the BMSCs. The NW-Sr-CS coatings could modulate the polarization of macrophages towards the wound-healing M2 phenotype, reduce the mRNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6) and enhance anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-10). The Sr-doped nanowire modification may be a valuable approach to enhance osteogenic activities and reduce inflammatory reactions.

Sinomenine attenuates renal fibrosis through Nrf2-mediated inhibition of oxidative stress and TGFβ signaling

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Qin, Tian

Renal fibrosis is the common feature of chronic kidney disease and mainly mediated by TGFβ-associated pro-fibrogenic signaling, which causes excessive extracellular matrix accumulation and successive loss of kidney functions. Sinomenine (SIN), an alkaloid derived from medicinal herb extensively used in treatment of rheumatoid arthritis and various inflammatory disorders, displays renal protective properties in experimental animals; however its pharmacological potency against renal fibrosis is not explored. In this study we report that SIN possesses strong anti-renal fibrosis functions in kidney cell and in mouse fibrotic kidney. SIN beneficially modulated the pro-fibrogenic protein expression in TGFβ-treated kidney cells and attenuated the renalmore » fibrotic pathogenesis incurred by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO), which correlated with its activation of Nrf2 signaling - the key defender against oxidative stress with anti-fibrotic potentials. Further investigation on its regulation of Nrf2 downstream events revealed that SIN significantly balanced oxidative stress via improving the expression and activity of anti-oxidant and detoxifying enzymes, and interrupted the pro-fibrogenic signaling of TGFβ/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin. Even more impressively SIN achieved its anti-fibrotic activities in an Nrf2-dependent manner, suggesting that SIN regulation of Nrf2-associated anti-fibrotic activities constitutes a critical component of SIN's renoprotective functions. Collectively our studies have demonstrated a novel anti-fibrotic property of SIN and its upstream events and provided a molecular basis for SIN's potential applications in treatment of renal fibrosis-associated kidney disorders. - Highlights: • Sinomenine has strong potency of inhibiting renal fibrosis in UUO mouse kidney. • Sinomenine attenuates the expression of profibrogenic proteins. • Sinomenine balances renal fibrosis-associated oxidative stress. • Sinomenine mitigates profibrogenic signaling of TGBβ/Smad and Wnt/β-catenin. • Sinomenine exerts anti-renal fibrotic functions mainly via activating Nrf2 pathways.« less

Computation of the Quantities Describing the Lunar Librations in the Astronomical Almanac

DTIC Science & Technology

2010-08-01

this system ~e ( COS( -(3) cost >. + 180’ - tt)) cost -(3) sine>. + 180’ - tt) sin(-(3) , (1) Consid~r neXt, point M referred to axes OX’’z’ iIi...now write (7) as the three equl\\tions " cos b cos(1 + LM - tt) = cosj3 cost >. - tt - N) cos b sin(1 + LM - tt) ,= cos Lcosj3si,n(>’,- tt -’N) ,- sin...8217?’~ on . .the sel~~~centric sphere. The geocentric right ascension and declination of the Moon are 0:, 0 and so the right ascension and declination of

Biofunctionalized silicon nitride platform for sensing applications.

PubMed

Hoi, Hiofan; Rezaie, Salva S; Gong, Lu; Sen, Payel; Zeng, Hongbo; Montemagno, Carlo; Gupta, Manisha

2018-04-15

Silicon nitride (SiN x ) based biosensors have the potential to converge on the technological achievements of semiconductor microfabrication and biotechnology. Development of biofunctionalized SiN x surface and its integration with other devices will allow us to integrate the biosensing capability with probe control, data acquisition and data processing. Here we use the hydrogen plasma generated by inductively coupled plasma-reactive ion etching (ICP-RIE) technique to produce amino-functionality on the surface of SiN x which can then be readily used for biomolecule immobilization. ICP-RIE produces high-density hydrogen ions/radicals at low energy, which produces high-density amino group on the SiN x surface within a short duration of time and with minimal surface damage. In this work, we have demonstrated selective amination of SiN x surface as compared to Si surface. The as-activated SiN x surface can be readily biofunctionalized with both protein and oligonucleotide through covalent immobilization. N-5-azido-2-nitrobenzoyloxysuccinimide, a photoactivable amino reactive bifunctional crosslinker, was used and greater than 90% surface coverage was achieved for protein immobilization. In addition, ssDNA immobilization and hybridization with its complemented strand was shown. Thus, we demonstrate a uniform, reliable, fast and economical technique for creating biofunctionalized SiN x surface that can be used for developing compact high-sensitivity biosensors. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.

Silicon Nitride Deposition for Flexible Organic Electronic Devices by VHF (162 MHz)-PECVD Using a Multi-Tile Push-Pull Plasma Source.

PubMed

Kim, Ki Seok; Kim, Ki Hyun; Ji, You Jin; Park, Jin Woo; Shin, Jae Hee; Ellingboe, Albert Rogers; Yeom, Geun Young

2017-10-19

Depositing a barrier film for moisture protection without damage at a low temperature is one of the most important steps for organic-based electronic devices. In this study, the authors investigated depositing thin, high-quality SiN x film on organic-based electronic devices, specifically, very high-frequency (162 MHz) plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (VHF-PECVD) using a multi-tile push-pull plasma source with a gas mixture of NH 3 /SiH 4 at a low temperature of 80 °C. The thin deposited SiN x film exhibited excellent properties in the stoichiometry, chemical bonding, stress, and step coverage. Thin film quality and plasma damage were investigated by the water vapor transmission rate (WVTR) and by electrical characteristics of organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices deposited with SiN x , respectively. The thin deposited SiN x film exhibited a low WVTR of 4.39 × 10 -4  g (m 2 · day) -1 for a single thin (430 nm thick) film SiN x and the electrical characteristics of OLED devices before and after the thin SiN x film deposition on the devices did not change, which indicated no electrical damage during the deposition of SiN x on the OLED device.

Measurement of sin2θefflept using e+e- pairs from γ*/Z bosons produced in p p ¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; Anastassov, A.; Annovi, A.; Antos, J.; Apollinari, G.; Appel, J. A.; Arisawa, T.; Artikov, A.; Asaadi, J.; Ashmanskas, W.; Auerbach, B.; Aurisano, A.; Azfar, F.; Badgett, W.; Bae, T.; Barbaro-Galtieri, A.; Barnes, V. E.; Barnett, B. A.; Barria, P.; Bartos, P.; Bauce, M.; Bedeschi, F.; Behari, S.; Bellettini, G.; Bellinger, J.; Benjamin, D.; Beretvas, A.; Bhatti, A.; Bland, K. R.; Blumenfeld, B.; Bocci, A.; Bodek, A.; Bortoletto, D.; Boudreau, J.; Boveia, A.; Brigliadori, L.; Bromberg, C.; Brucken, E.; Budagov, J.; Budd, H. S.; Burkett, K.; Busetto, G.; Bussey, P.; Butti, P.; Buzatu, A.; Calamba, A.; Camarda, S.; Campanelli, M.; Canelli, F.; Carls, B.; Carlsmith, D.; Carosi, R.; Carrillo, S.; Casal, B.; Casarsa, M.; Castro, A.; Catastini, P.; Cauz, D.; Cavaliere, V.; Cerri, A.; Cerrito, L.; Chen, Y. C.; Chertok, M.; Chiarelli, G.; Chlachidze, G.; Cho, K.; Chokheli, D.; Clark, A.; Clarke, C.; Convery, M. E.; Conway, J.; Corbo, M.; Cordelli, M.; Cox, C. A.; Cox, D. J.; Cremonesi, M.; Cruz, D.; Cuevas, J.; Culbertson, R.; d'Ascenzo, N.; Datta, M.; de Barbaro, P.; Demortier, L.; Deninno, M.; D'Errico, M.; Devoto, F.; Di Canto, A.; Di Ruzza, B.; Dittmann, J. R.; Donati, S.; D'Onofrio, M.; Dorigo, M.; Driutti, A.; Ebina, K.; Edgar, R.; Erbacher, R.; Errede, S.; Esham, B.; Farrington, S.; Fernández Ramos, J. P.; Field, R.; Flanagan, G.; Forrest, R.; Franklin, M.; Freeman, J. C.; Frisch, H.; Funakoshi, Y.; Galloni, C.; Garfinkel, A. F.; Garosi, P.; Gerberich, H.; Gerchtein, E.; Giagu, S.; Giakoumopoulou, V.; Gibson, K.; Ginsburg, C. M.; Giokaris, N.; Giromini, P.; Glagolev, V.; Glenzinski, D.; Gold, M.; Goldin, D.; Golossanov, A.; Gomez, G.; Gomez-Ceballos, G.; Goncharov, M.; González López, O.; Gorelov, I.; Goshaw, A. T.; Goulianos, K.; Gramellini, E.; Grosso-Pilcher, C.; Guimaraes da Costa, J.; Hahn, S. R.; Han, J. Y.; Happacher, F.; Hara, K.; Hare, M.; Harr, R. F.; Harrington-Taber, T.; Hatakeyama, K.; Hays, C.; Heinrich, J.; Herndon, M.; Hocker, A.; Hong, Z.; Hopkins, W.; Hou, S.; Hughes, R. E.; Husemann, U.; Hussein, M.; Huston, J.; Introzzi, G.; Iori, M.; Ivanov, A.; James, E.; Jang, D.; Jayatilaka, B.; Jeon, E. J.; Jindariani, S.; Jones, M.; Joo, K. K.; Jun, S. Y.; Junk, T. R.; Kambeitz, M.; Kamon, T.; Karchin, P. E.; Kasmi, A.; Kato, Y.; Ketchum, W.; Keung, J.; Kilminster, B.; Kim, D. H.; Kim, H. S.; Kim, J. E.; Kim, M. J.; Kim, S. H.; Kim, S. B.; Kim, Y. J.; Kim, Y. K.; Kimura, N.; Kirby, M.; Kondo, K.; Kong, D. J.; Konigsberg, J.; Kotwal, A. V.; Kreps, M.; Kroll, J.; Kruse, M.; Kuhr, T.; Kurata, M.; Laasanen, A. T.; Lammel, S.; Lancaster, M.; Lannon, K.; Latino, G.; Lee, H. S.; Lee, J. S.; Leo, S.; Leone, S.; Lewis, J. D.; Limosani, A.; Lipeles, E.; Lister, A.; Liu, Q.; Liu, T.; Lockwitz, S.; Loginov, A.; Lucchesi, D.; Lucà, A.; Lueck, J.; Lujan, P.; Lukens, P.; Lungu, G.; Lys, J.; Lysak, R.; Madrak, R.; Maestro, P.; Malik, S.; Manca, G.; Manousakis-Katsikakis, A.; Marchese, L.; Margaroli, F.; Marino, P.; Matera, K.; Mattson, M. E.; Mazzacane, A.; Mazzanti, P.; McNulty, R.; Mehta, A.; Mehtala, P.; Mesropian, C.; Miao, T.; Mietlicki, D.; Mitra, A.; Miyake, H.; Moed, S.; Moggi, N.; Moon, C. S.; Moore, R.; Morello, M. J.; Mukherjee, A.; Muller, Th.; Murat, P.; Mussini, M.; Nachtman, J.; Nagai, Y.; Naganoma, J.; Nakano, I.; Napier, A.; Nett, J.; Nigmanov, T.; Nodulman, L.; Noh, S. Y.; Norniella, O.; Oakes, L.; Oh, S. H.; Oh, Y. D.; Okusawa, T.; Orava, R.; Ortolan, L.; Pagliarone, C.; Palencia, E.; Palni, P.; Papadimitriou, V.; Parker, W.; Pauletta, G.; Paulini, M.; Paus, C.; Phillips, T. J.; Piacentino, G.; Pianori, E.; Pilot, J.; Pitts, K.; Plager, C.; Pondrom, L.; Poprocki, S.; Potamianos, K.; Pranko, A.; Prokoshin, F.; Ptohos, F.; Punzi, G.; Redondo Fernández, I.; Renton, P.; Rescigno, M.; Rimondi, F.; Ristori, L.; Robson, A.; Rodriguez, T.; Rolli, S.; Ronzani, M.; Roser, R.; Rosner, J. L.; Ruffini, F.; Ruiz, A.; Russ, J.; Rusu, V.; Sakumoto, W. K.; Sakurai, Y.; Santi, L.; Sato, K.; Saveliev, V.; Savoy-Navarro, A.; Schlabach, P.; Schmidt, E. E.; Schwarz, T.; Scodellaro, L.; Scuri, F.; Seidel, S.; Seiya, Y.; Semenov, A.; Sforza, F.; Shalhout, S. Z.; Shears, T.; Shepard, P. F.; Shimojima, M.; Shochet, M.; Shreyber-Tecker, I.; Simonenko, A.; Sliwa, K.; Smith, J. R.; Snider, F. D.; Song, H.; Sorin, V.; St. Denis, R.; Stancari, M.; Stentz, D.; Strologas, J.; Sudo, Y.; Sukhanov, A.; Suslov, I.; Takemasa, K.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tang, J.; Tecchio, M.; Teng, P. K.; Thom, J.; Thomson, E.; Thukral, V.; Toback, D.; Tokar, S.; Tollefson, K.; Tomura, T.; Tonelli, D.; Torre, S.; Torretta, D.; Totaro, P.; Trovato, M.; Ukegawa, F.; Uozumi, S.; Vázquez, F.; Velev, G.; Vellidis, C.; Vernieri, C.; Vidal, M.; Vilar, R.; Vizán, J.; Vogel, M.; Volpi, G.; Wagner, P.; Wallny, R.; Wang, S. M.; Waters, D.; Wester, W. C.; Whiteson, D.; Wicklund, A. B.; Wilbur, S.; Williams, H. H.; Wilson, J. S.; Wilson, P.; Winer, B. L.; Wittich, P.; Wolbers, S.; Wolfe, H.; Wright, T.; Wu, X.; Wu, Z.; Yamamoto, K.; Yamato, D.; Yang, T.; Yang, U. K.; Yang, Y. C.; Yao, W.-M.; Yeh, G. P.; Yi, K.; Yoh, J.; Yorita, K.; Yoshida, T.; Yu, G. B.; Yu, I.; Zanetti, A. M.; Zeng, Y.; Zhou, C.; Zucchelli, S.; CDF Collaboration

2016-06-01

At the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (p p ¯) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process p p ¯→e+e-+X through an intermediate γ*/Z boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the e- as a function of the e+e--pair mass is used to obtain sin2θefflept, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4 fb-1 of integrated luminosity from p p ¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of sin2θefflept is found to be 0.23248 ±0.00053 . The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on μ+μ- pairs yields sin2θefflept=0.23221±0.00046 . This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming sin2θW=1 - MW2/MZ2 and that the W - and Z -boson masses are on-shell, yields sin2θW=0.22400 ±0.00045 , or equivalently a W -boson mass of 80.328 ±0.024 GeV /c2 .

Ultralow power switching in a silicon-rich SiNy/SiNx double-layer resistive memory device.

PubMed

Kim, Sungjun; Chang, Yao-Feng; Kim, Min-Hwi; Bang, Suhyun; Kim, Tae-Hyeon; Chen, Ying-Chen; Lee, Jong-Ho; Park, Byung-Gook

2017-07-26

Here we demonstrate low-power resistive switching in a Ni/SiN y /SiN x /p ++ -Si device by proposing a double-layered structure (SiN y /SiN x ), where the two SiN layers have different trap densities. The LRS was measured to be as low as 1 nA at a voltage of 1 V, because the SiN x layer maintains insulating properties for the LRS. The single-layered device suffers from uncontrollability of the conducting path, accompanied by the inherent randomness of switching parameters, weak immunity to breakdown during the reset process, and a high operating current. On the other hand, for a double-layered device, the effective conducting path in each layer, which can determine the operating current, can be well controlled by the I CC during the initial forming and set processes. A one-step forming and progressive reset process is observed for a low-power mode, which differs from the high-power switching mode that shows a two-step forming and reset process. Moreover, nonlinear behavior in the LRS, whose origin can be attributed to the P-F conduction and F-N tunneling driven by abundant traps in the silicon-rich SiN x layer, would be beneficial for next-generation nonvolatile memory applications by using a conventional passive SiN x layer as an active dielectric.

Magnetic heading reference

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garner, H. D. (Inventor)

1983-01-01

Devices are disclosed for vectorially summing two signals. In a first embodiment, the vectorial summation is implemented by a mechanical sin/cos mechanism in which a crank drives two linear potentiometers out of phase. In a second embodiment, a polarized light resolver generates the sin and cos functions. In a third embodiment, a printed circuit resolver generates the sin and cos functions.

How Is Challenging Behaviour Associated with Depression in Boys with an Autism Spectrum Disorder?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitsika, Vicki; Sharpley, Christopher F.

2017-01-01

The association between aberrant behaviour and depression was examined in a sample of 150 young males with Autism Spectrum Disorder via parent ratings on the Aberrant Behavior Checklist (ABC) and the Major Depressive Disorder subscale of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory (CASI-4-D). Although several subscales of the ABC were significantly…

NASA Participates in Scout Jamboree

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-07-25

Greg “Box” Johnson, executive director of Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS) and former astronaut, foreground, and NASA Acting Chief Technologist Douglas Terrier watch as attendees of the Boy Scouts of America National Jamboree launch a weather balloon, Tuesday, July 25, 2017 at the Summit Bechtel Reserve in Glen Jean, West Virginia. Photo Credit: (NASA/Bill Ingalls)

CASIS Metabolic Tracking

NASA Image and Video Library

2018-04-13

iss055e035338 (April 13, 2018) --- NASA astronaut Scott Tingle performs research operations with the Microgravity Sciences Glovebox inside the U.S. Destiny laboratory module. Tingle was working on the Metabolic Tracking experiment that looks at a particular type of medicine and how it interacts with human tissue cultures. Results could improve therapies in space and lead to better, cheaper drugs on Earth.

CASI Work Plan: Calendar Year 2013

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-02-15

reducing energy consumption in existing Army barracks using innovative heating, ventilating , and air-conditioning (HVAC) and building envelope...to enhance the effective “R-value” of insulation, thus reducing energy transfer through walls while maintaining comfortable temperatures for... consumption below ASHRAE’s goal for new facilities. This project will determine how effective the daylighting strategies are in providing adequate

Youth Self-Report of Physical and Sexual Abuse: A Latent Class Analysis

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Nooner, Kate B.; Litrownik, Alan J.; Thompson, Richard; Margolis, Benjamin; English, Diana J.; Knight, Elizabeth D.; Everson, Mark D.; Roesch, Scott

2010-01-01

Objective: To determine if meaningful groups of at-risk pre-adolescent youth could be identified based on their self-report of physical and sexual abuse histories. Methods: Youth participating in a consortium of ongoing longitudinal studies were interviewed using an audio-computer assisted self-interview (A-CASI) when they were approximately 12…

Sexual Violence Inside Prisons: Rates of Victimization

PubMed Central

Blitz, Cynthia L.; Shi, Jing; Bachman, Ronet; Siegel, Jane A.

2006-01-01

People in prison are exposed to and experience sexual violence inside prisons, further exposing them to communicable diseases and trauma. The consequences of sexual violence follow the individual into the community upon release. This paper estimates the prevalence of sexual victimization within a state prison system. A total of 6,964 men and 564 women participated in a survey administered using audio-CASI. Weighted estimates of prevalence were constructed by gender and facility size. Rates of sexual victimization varied significantly by gender, age, perpetrator, question wording, and facility. Rates of inmate-on-inmate sexual victimization in the previous 6 months were highest for female inmates (212 per 1,000), more than four times higher than male rates (43 per 1,000). Abusive sexual conduct was more likely between inmates and between staff and inmates than nonconsensual sexual acts. Sexual violence inside prison is an urgent public health issue needing targeted interventions to prevent and ameliorate its health and social consequences, which spatially concentrate in poor inner-city areas where these individuals ultimately return. PMID:16937087

Data Report for an Extensive Store Separation Test Program Conducted at Supersonic Speeds.

DTIC Science & Technology

1979-12-01

PBn)/IDPI3/PBnil (Note: T PHIT ) 203 ALPLn - Flow angle based on total angle of attack and rolln angle, deg ALPLn TAN-[Tan(aT) * cos(T)] + [TANG(n...PB)yaw - CCORR1 - ACORR2 • SIN( PHIT n )] + TANG(n)yaw CCORRI = CIDP24/PBni 2.5 and C = (0.5)2.5 • 318.5 M 5 • (DP2 4/PBn )/IDP24/PBn TANG(n)yaw = Angle

A Performance and Plume Comparison of Xenon and Krypton Propellant on the SPT-100

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-07-20

2 2 )sin()cos()()( )cos(     dvmr vmT mvm      dvvf vdvvf v )( )(     2/ 2/ 2 2/ 2/ 2 )sin()( )sin()()(       dmr

Constructing a Counternarrative: Students Informing Now (S.I.N.) Reframes Immigration and Education in the United States

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Dominguez, Neidi; Duarte, Yazmin; Espinosa, Pedro Joel; Martinez, Luis; Nygreen, Kysa; Perez, Renato; Ramirez, Izel; Saba, Mariella

2009-01-01

The work of Students Informing Now (S.I.N.), an immigrant student organization at the University of California, Santa Cruz, is described in this column. The authors argue that S.I.N.'s diverse activities and textual products construct a counternarrative that challenges and reframes the debate on undocumented students and immigration. Focusing on…

New Spectroscopic Solution of the Eclipsing Binary HX Vel A

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Sürgit, D.; Erdem, A.; Özkardeş, B.; Butland, R.; Budding, E.

2015-07-01

We present a preliminary analysis of new spectroscopic observations of the southern binary HX Vel A. High-resolution spectroscopic observations were made at the Mt. John University Observatory in 2014. Radial velocities for HX Vel A were determined from the Gaussian profile-fitting method. The Keplerian radial velocity model gives the close binary mass ratio as 0.57±0.06. The resulting orbital elements are a1sin i=0.0086 ±0.0003 au, a2sin i=0.0151 ±0.0003 au, M1 sin3i =0.887 ±0.046 M⊙, and M2 sin3i =0.504 ±0.032 M⊙.

Strategies to alleviate original antigenic sin responses to influenza viruses.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Hyang; Davis, William G; Sambhara, Suryaprakash; Jacob, Joshy

2012-08-21

Original antigenic sin is a phenomenon wherein sequential exposure to closely related influenza virus variants reduces antibody (Ab) response to novel antigenic determinants in the second strain and, consequently, impairs the development of immune memory. This could pose a risk to the development of immune memory in persons previously infected with or vaccinated against influenza. Here, we explored strategies to overcome original antigenic sin responses in mice sequentially exposed to two closely related hemagglutinin 1 neuraminidase 1 (H1N1) influenza strains A/PR/8/34 and A/FM/1/47. We found that dendritic cell-activating adjuvants [Bordetella pertussis toxin (PT) or CpG ODN or a squalene-based oil-in-water nanoemulsion (NE)], upon administration during the second viral exposure, completely protected mice from a lethal challenge and enhanced neutralizing-Ab titers against the second virus. Interestingly, PT and NE adjuvants when administered during the first immunization even prevented original antigenic sin in subsequent immunization without any adjuvants. As an alternative to using adjuvants, we also found that repeated immunization with the second viral strain relieved the effects of original antigenic sin. Taken together, our studies provide at least three ways of overcoming original antigenic sin.

Influence of barrier absorption properties on laser patterning thin organic films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Naithani, Sanjeev; Mandamparambil, Rajesh; van Assche, Ferdie; Schaubroeck, David; Fledderus, Henri; Prenen, An; Van Steenberge, Geert; Vanfleteren, Jan

2012-06-01

This paper presents a study of selective ablation of thin organic films (LEP- Light Emitting Polymer, PEDOT:PSS- Poly 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene: polystyrene sulfonate) by using 248 nm Excimer laser, on various kinds of multilayered SiN barrier foils for the development of Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLED). Different Silicon Nitride (SiN) barrier foils with dedicated absorption spectra are taken into account for this purpose. The drive for looking into different types of SiN originates from the fact that the laser selective removal of a polymer without damage to the barrier layer underneath is challenging in the dynamic laser processing of thin films. The barrier is solely responsible for the proper encapsulation of the OLED stack. The main limitation of current OLED design is its shorter life span, which is directly related to the moisture or water permeation into the stack, leading to black spots. An optimization of laser parameters like fluence and number of shots has been carried out for the various types of SiN barrier foils. We are able to obtain a wider working process window for the selective removal of LEP and PEDOT:PSS from SiN barrier, by variation of the different types of SiN.

Low-temperature SiON films deposited by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition method using activated silicon precursor

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Suh, Sungin; Kim, Jun-Rae; Kim, Seongkyung

2016-01-15

It has not been an easy task to deposit SiN at low temperature by conventional plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) since Si organic precursors generally have high activation energy for adsorption of the Si atoms on the Si-N networks. In this work, in order to achieve successful deposition of SiN film at low temperature, the plasma processing steps in the PE-ALD have been modified for easier activation of Si precursors. In this modification, the efficiency of chemisorption of Si precursor has been improved by additional plasma steps after purging of the Si precursor. As the result, the SiN films preparedmore » by the modified PE-ALD processes demonstrated higher purity of Si and N atoms with unwanted impurities such as C and O having below 10 at. % and Si-rich films could be formed consequently. Also, a very high step coverage ratio of 97% was obtained. Furthermore, the process-optimized SiN film showed a permissible charge-trapping capability with a wide memory window of 3.1 V when a capacitor structure was fabricated and measured with an insertion of the SiN film as the charge-trap layer. The modified PE-ALD process using the activated Si precursor would be one of the most practical and promising solutions for SiN deposition with lower thermal budget and higher cost-effectiveness.« less

Lineage-specific SoxR-mediated Regulation of an Endoribonuclease Protects Non-enteric Bacteria from Redox-active Compounds*

PubMed Central

Kim, Jisun; Park, Chulwoo; Imlay, James A.; Park, Woojun

2017-01-01

Bacteria use redox-sensitive transcription factors to coordinate responses to redox stress. The [2Fe-2S] cluster-containing transcription factor SoxR is particularly tuned to protect cells against redox-active compounds (RACs). In enteric bacteria, SoxR is paired with a second transcription factor, SoxS, that activates downstream effectors. However, SoxS is absent in non-enteric bacteria, raising questions as to how SoxR functions. Here, we first show that SoxR of Acinetobacter oleivorans displayed similar activation profiles in response to RACs as did its homolog from Escherichia coli but controlled a different set of target genes, including sinE, which encodes an endoribonuclease. Expression, gel mobility shift, and mutational analyses indicated that sinE is a direct target of SoxR. Redox potentials and permeability of RACs determined optimal sinE induction. Bioinformatics suggested that only a few γ- and β-proteobacteria might have SoxR-regulated sinE. Purified SinE, in the presence of Mg2+ ions, degrades rRNAs, thus inhibiting protein synthesis. Similarly, pretreatment of cells with RACs demonstrated a role for SinE in promoting persistence in the presence of antibiotics that inhibit protein synthesis. Our data improve our understanding of the physiology of soil microorganisms by suggesting that both non-enteric SoxR and its target SinE play protective roles in the presence of RACs and antibiotics. PMID:27895125

Development and preliminary validation of a measure of social inclusion for use in people with mental health problems: the SInQUE.

PubMed

Mezey, Gillian; White, Sarah; Thachil, Ajoy; Berg, Rachel; Kallumparam, Sen; Nasiruddin, Omar; Wright, Christine; Killaspy, Helen

2013-08-01

Social exclusion can be both a cause and a consequence of mental health problems. Socially inclusive practice by mental health professionals can mitigate against the stigmatizing and excluding effects of severe mental illness. To develop and test the validity of a measure of social inclusion for individuals with severe mental illness - the Social Inclusion Questionnaire User Experience (SInQUE). The domains of the SInQUE were chosen to reflect the domains of social inclusion identified in the Poverty and Social Exclusion Survey. Patients with severe mental illness were recruited from rehabilitation, general and forensic psychiatric services and were asked to complete the questionnaire in an individual interview with a researcher. Sixty six patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder completed the SInQUE, alongside measures of psychiatric symptoms, needs and quality of life, to assess its acceptability, and concurrent and construct (convergent and discriminant) validity. The SInQUE took 45 minutes to complete and was found to have good concurrent and discriminant validity. Convergent validity was established for two domains: social integration and productivity. Preliminary findings suggest that the SInQUE may be a useful tool for assessing and monitoring social inclusion in individuals with severe mental illness. It has construct and concurrent validity with measures of unmet need and quality of life in this group. Further testing of the reliability of the SInQUE on a larger population is indicated.

Geochemical distribution of harmful elements in top soils of an Italian National Interest Area (S.I.N.): the Domizio-Flegreo Littoral and Agro Aversano case study

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bove, M.; Grezzi, G.; Albanese, S.; de Vivo, B.; Lima, A.

2009-04-01

The Domizio-Flegreo Littoral and Agro Aversano area has been classified by the Italian Ministry of Environment (Italian Ministero dell'Ambiente e della Tutela del Territorio e del Mare) as a S.I.N. (Sito di Interesse Nazionale, L. 426/98 - Decreto 10 Gennaio 2000 - G.U. 29/5/01). In this category have been included all those contaminated lands that, both for their extension and their historical and present land use, are considered to be particularly harmful for human health. In Italy have been selected a total of 54 S.I.N.; among all of these, the Domizio-Flegreo Littoral and Agro Aversano S.I.N. is one of the widest (1564 Km2). The study area is located in north-western Campania region, from the Avella Mountain to the coastline, and from the Campi Flegrei area to the northern boundaries between Campania and Latium Regions. It includes a total of 77 towns from both Naples and Caserta provinces. The Domizio-Flegreo Littoral and Agro Aversano S.I.N. is characterized by a strongly urbanization in its internal portions, and by intensive agricultural activities in its northern and coastal portions. During past years this wide area has been the set of an unknown number of illegal activities controlled by the organized crime, including toxic waste disposal of unknown sources from different Regions of Italy, unauthorized building, intensive uncontrolled agricultural practices and so on. Part of these environmental crimes have been and are under investigations by Italian Authorities. For a geochemical characterization of this contaminated land, between May 2006 and January 2008, a total of 292 (179 in the Litorale Domizio-Flegreo and 113 in the Agro Aversano) top soils (5-15 cm depth) have been collected, with a sampling density of about 1 sample/5 Km2. The <100 mesh soil fraction has been analyzed with ICP-MS to determine the concentration of the 39 elements: Ag, Al, As, Au, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Ga, Hg, K, La, Mg, Mn, Mo, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S, Sb, Sc, Se, Sn, Sr, Ta, Te Th, Ti, U, V, W and Zn. Chemical data have been organized in a unique database and univariate statistics (histograms, cumulative frequency curves and box-plots) have been performed to describe the distribution of elements all across the investigated area. Using Arc View GIS™ and a new Multifractal Inverse Distance Weighted (MIDW) (Cheng 1999 a; b) method available in the software GeoDAS™ (Cheng, 2003; Lima et al., 2003) interpolated maps have been obtained. The latter are overlaid by dots, showing the element concentration at each site with the radius of dots as a function of the element concentration classified by a cumulative frequency graph. In order to assess the toxic elements pollution levels and their distribution in the study area, a complete suite of 39 interpolated and dot maps, 39 background maps, 39 anomalies maps and 4 factor-scores maps have been compiled. The final goal is to produce a geochemical environmental atlas which will represent a sound basis for policy makers and legislators, who need to address the public concerns regarding the toxic element pollution threat to ecosystem and human health. Further studies in the S.I.N. area concern the determination of Pb isotope concentrations in soil profiles, water and most used pesticides. The preliminary results of the latter study are reported by Grezzi et al. (2009). References CHENG, Q. 1999a. Computer and Geoscience, 25 (10), 946-961. CHENG, Q. 1999b. J. Geoch. Expl., 65(3), 175-194. CHENG, Q. 2003. GeoData Analysis System (GeoDAS) for Mineral Exploration and Environmental Assessment, User's Guide (GeoDAS Phase III). York University, Toronto. GREZZI, G., AYUSO, R.A.,LIMA, A., ALBANESE, S. & DE VIVO, B., 2009. This volume. LIMA, A., DE VIVO, B., CICCHELLA, D., CORTINI, M. & ALBANESE, S. 2003. Applied Geochemistry, 18(12), 1853-1865.

The seven sins in academic behavior in the natural sciences.

PubMed

van Gunsteren, Wilfred F

2013-01-02

"Seven deadly sins" in modern academic research and publishing can be condensed into a list ranging from poorly described experimental or computational setups to falsification of data. This Essay describes these sins and their ramifications, and serves as a code of best practice for researchers in their quest for scientific truth. Copyright © 2013 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Differintegration: The One Branch of Calculus

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Berry, Andrew J.

2007-01-01

How might one define a functional operator D[superscript I]f(x), say for f(x) = 1 + x[superscript 2] + sin x, such that D[superscript +1](1 + x[superscript 2] + sin x) = 2x + cos x and D[superscript -1](1 + x[superscript 2] + sin x) = x + x[superscript 3]/3 - cos x? Our task in this article is to describe such an operator using a single formula…

Geochemical composition of river loads in the Tropical Andes: first insights from the Ecuadorian Andes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tenorio Poma, Gustavo; Govers, Gerard; Vanacker, Veerle; Bouillon, Steven; Álvarez, Lenín; Zhiminaicela, Santiago

2015-04-01

Processes governing the transport of total suspended material (TSM), total dissolved solids (TDS) and particulate organic carbon (POC) are currently not well known for Tropical Andean river systems. We analyzed the geochemical behavior and the budgets of the particulate and dissolved loads for several sub-catchments in the Paute River basin in the southern Ecuadorian Andes, and examined how anthropogenic activities influenced the dynamics of riverine suspended and dissolved loads. We gathered a large dataset by regularly sampling 8 rivers for their TSM, POC, and TDS. Furthermore, we determined the major elements in the dissolved load and stable isotope composition (δ13C) of both the POC, and the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). The rivers that were sampled flow through a wide range of land uses including: 3 nature conservation areas (100 - 300 Km²), an intensive grassland and arable zone (142 Km²); downstream of two cities (1611 and 443 Km²), and 2 degraded basins (286 and 2492 Km²). We described the geochemical characteristics of the river loads both qualitatively and quantitatively. Important differences in TSM, POC and TDS yields were found between rivers: the concentration of these loads increases according with human activities within the basins. For all rivers, TSM, TDS and POC concentrations were dependent on discharge. Overall, a clear relation between TSM and POC (r²=0.62) was observed in all tributaries. The C:N ratios and δ13CPOC suggest that the POC in most rivers is mainly derived from soil organic matter eroded from soils dominated by C3 vegetation (δ13CPOC < -22‰). Low Ca:Si ratios (<1)and high δ13CDIC (-9 to -4) in the Yanuncay, Tomebamba1 and Machángara, rivers suggest that weathering of silica rocks is dominant in these catchments, and that the DIC is mainly derived from the soil or atmospheric CO2. In contrast, the Ca:Si ratio was high for the Burgay and Jadán rivers (1-13), and the low δ13CDIC values (-9 to -15) suggest that carbonate rock weathering is dominant in these catchments. Our data suggest that anthropogenic effects are the dominant control on variations in sediment and carbon export between the river catchments we studied, while differences in topography are of lesser importance. However, the effects of anthropogenic disturbances may confound with differences in lithology, as the disturbed catchments are underlain by relatively soft, carbonate-rich sedimentary rocks while the less disturbed catchments are underlain by the silicate-rich rocks.

The human dark side: evolutionary psychology and original sin.

PubMed

Lee, Joseph; Theol, M

2014-04-01

Human nature has a dark side, something important to religions. Evolutionary psychology has been used to illuminate the human shadow side, although as a discipline it has attracted criticism. This article seeks to examine the evolutionary psychology's understanding of human nature and to propose an unexpected dialog with an enduring account of human evil known as original sin. Two cases are briefly considered: murder and rape. To further the exchange, numerous theoretical and methodological criticisms and replies of evolutionary psychology are explored jointly with original sin. Evolutionary psychology can partner with original sin since they share some theoretical likenesses and together they offer insights into the nature of what it means to be human.

Optimal Guidance Trajectories for a Nanosat Docking with a Non Cooperative Resident Space Object

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-03-07

12 − 3 sin 2 rref sin 2(kt)/2− (1 + cos 2iref)/8] + fx ÿ = −2(nc)ẋ− 3n2J2(R2e/2rref) sin2 iref sin(2kt) + fy z̈ = −(3c2 − 2)n2z + fz (24) where fx ...dynamics assumes three normalized controls: u = [ fx fxmax fy fymax fz fzmax ] (26) For simplicity, it is assumed that fimax = 1m/s2 for i = x, y, z...American Institute of Aeronautics and Astro - nautics, 2010. [7] G. Boyarko, O. Yakimenko, and M. Romano, Optimal rendezvous trajectories of a controlled

A Brief "DSM-IV"-Referenced Teacher Rating Scale for Monitoring Behavioral Improvement in ADHD and Co-Occurring Symptoms

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sprafkin, Joyce; Mattison, Richard E.; Gadow, Kenneth D.; Schneider, Jayne; Lavigne, John V.

2011-01-01

Objective: To examine the psychometric properties of the 30-item teacher's version of the Child and Adolescent Symptom Inventory Progress Monitor (CASI-PM-T), a "DSM-IV"-referenced rating scale for monitoring change in ADHD and co-occurring symptoms in youths receiving behavioral or pharmacological interventions. Method: Three separate studies…

Assessing the Training and Operational Proficiency of China’s Aerospace Forces: Selections from the Inaugural Conference of the China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI)

DTIC Science & Technology

2016-01-01

available at www.jamestown.org: • “PLA Air Force Aviator Recruitment, Education, and Training,” Kenneth W. Allen • “Building a Strong Informatized ...on U.S. Experience .................................................. 34 Defining Integrated Joint Operations: The Role of Informatization and System...75 Petroleum, Oil , and Lubricant Network

Improved magnetic properties and growth anisotropy of chemically modified Sr ferrites

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, Jung W.; Cho, Yong S.; Amarakoon, Vasantha R. W.

1999-04-01

Magnetic properties and microstructural characteristics of SrOṡ5.9Fe2O3 chemically modified with Si and Ca were investigated by changing experimental parameters such as additive composition, the ratio of Ca/Si, and sintering condition. A novel particulate coating method utilizing sol-gel reactions was used to uniformly incorporate the additives of Si and Ca. This method was very successful in obtaining homogeneous grain growth and fine grains. A sample containing the gel additives of 0.6 wt % SiO2 and 0.7 wt % CaO and sintered at 1200 °C for 4 h was found to significantly suppress abnormal grain growth, resulting in submicron-sized grains and high density. A distinct grain boundary phase containing Si and Ca was observed by increasing the sintering temperature to 1250 °C. The resultant microstructural characteristics favorably affected magnetic properties. For example, the chemically modified sample exhibited a higher coercivity of 3530 Oe compared to a value of 2050 Oe obtained for the sample without the additives. On the other hand, an increase in the ratio of Ca/Si or in sintering temperature tended to induce a large anisotropy during grain growth.

Light Microsopy Module, International Space Station Premier Automated Microscope

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Meyer, William V.; Sicker, Ronald J.; Chiaramonte, Francis P.; Brown, Daniel F.; O'Toole, Martin A.; Foster, William M.; Motil, Brian J.; Abbot-Hearn, Amber Ashley; Atherton, Arthur Johnson; Beltram, Alexander;

Operationalizing the Measurement of Seroadaptive Behaviors: A Comparison of Reported Sexual Behaviors and Purposely-Adopted Behaviors Among Men who have Sex with Men (MSM) in Seattle.

PubMed

Khosropour, Christine M; Dombrowski, Julia C; Hughes, James P; Manhart, Lisa E; Simoni, Jane M; Golden, Matthew R

2017-10-01

Seroadaptive behaviors are traditionally defined by self-reported sexual behavior history, regardless of whether they reflect purposely-adopted risk-mitigation strategies. Among MSM attending an STD clinic in Seattle, Washington 2013-2015 (N = 3751 visits), we used two seroadaptive behavior measures: (1) sexual behavior history reported via clinical computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) (behavioral definition); (2) purposely-adopted risk-reduction behaviors reported via research CASI (purposely-adopted definition). Pure serosorting (i.e. only HIV-concordant partners) was the most common behavior, reported (behavioral and purposely-adopted definition) by HIV-negative respondents at 43% and 60% of visits, respectively (kappa = 0.24; fair agreement) and by HIV-positive MSM at 30 and 34% (kappa = 0.25; fair agreement). Agreement of the two definitions was highest for consistent condom use [HIV-negative men (kappa = 0.72), HIV-positive men (kappa = 0.57)]. Overall HIV test positivity was 1.4 but 0.9% for pure serosorters. The two methods of operationalizing behaviors result in different estimates, thus the choice of which to employ should depend on the motivation for ascertaining behavioral information.

Performance analysis of device-level SINS/ACFSS deeply integrated navigation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hao; Qin, Shiqiao; Wang, Xingshu; Jiang, Guangwen; Tan, Wenfeng

2016-10-01

The Strap-Down Inertial Navigation System (SINS) is a widely used navigation system. The combination of SINS and the Celestial Navigation System (CNS) is one of the popular measures to constitute the integrated navigation system. A Star Sensor (SS) is used as a precise attitude determination device in CNS. To solve the problem that the star image obtained by SS under dynamic conditions is motion-blurred, the Attitude Correlated Frames (ACF) is presented and the star sensor which works based on ACF approach is named ACFSS. Depending on the ACF approach, a novel device-level SINS/ACFSS deeply integrated navigation method is proposed in this paper. Feedback to the ACF process from the error of the gyro is one of the typical characters of the SINS/CNS deeply integrated navigation method. Herein, simulation results have verified its validity and efficiency in improving the accuracy of gyro and it can be proved that this method is feasible in theory.

Resisting the therapeutic reduction: on the significance of sin.

PubMed

Delkeskamp-Hayes, Corinna

2007-01-01

Sin-talk, though politically incorrect, is indispensable. Placing human life under the "hermeneutic of sin" means acknowledging that one ought to aim flawlessly at God, and that one can fail in this endeavor. None of this can be appreciated within the contemporary post-Christian, mindset, which has attempted to reduce religion to morality and culture. In such a secular context, the guilt-feelings connected with the recognition of sin are considered to be harmful; the eternal benefit of a repentance is disregarded. Nevertheless, spirituality appears to have therapeutic benefits. Therefore attempts are made to re-locate within healthcare a religion shorn of its transcendent claims, so as then to harvest the benefits of a spirituality "saved from sin". This reduction of religiosity to its therapeutic function is nourished by a post-modern constructivist construal of religion. This article critically examines the dis-ingenuity marring such recasting, as well as the incoherence of related attempts to reduce transcendence to solidarity, and to re-shape the significance of religious rituals.

Expression Analysis of p16, c-Myc, and mSin3A in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer by Computer Aided Scoring and Analysis (CASA).

PubMed

Salmaninejad, Arash; Estiar, Mehrdad Asghari; Gill, Rajbir K; Shih, Joanna H; Hewitt, Stephen; Jeon, Hyo-Sung; Fukuoka, Junya; Shilo, Konstantin; Shakoori, Abbas; Jen, Jin

2015-01-01

Immunohistochemical analysis (IHC) of tissue microarray (TMA) slides enables large sets of tissue samples to be analyzed simultaneously on a single slide. However, manual evaluation of small cores on a TMA slide is time consuming and error prone. We describe a computer aided scoring and analysis (CASA) method to allow facile and reliable scoring of IHC staining using TMA containing 300 non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cases. In the two previous published papers utilizing our TMA slides of lung cancer we examined 18 proteins involved in the chromatin machinery. We developed our study using more proteins of the chromatin complex and several transcription factors that facilitate the chromatin machinery. Then, a total of 78 antibodies were evaluated by CASA to derive a normalized intensity value that correlated with the overall staining status of the targeting protein. The intensity values for TMA cores were then examined for association to clinical variables and predictive significance individually and with other factors. RESULTs: Using our TMA, the intensity of several protein pairs were significantly correlated with an increased risk of death in NSCLC. These included c-Myc with p16, mSin3A with p16 and c-Myc with mSinA. Predictive values of these pairs remained significant when evaluated based on standard IHC scores. Our results demonstrate the usefulness of CASA as a valuable tool for systematic assessment of TMA slides to identify potential predictive biomarkers using a large set of primary human tissues.

Performance Calculations - and Appendix I - Model XC-120 (M-107)

DTIC Science & Technology

1950-09-25

time oonsumed in warm-wp, take-off, climb, and aruino. 6. Plight time is 1ime in cdimb ftMd cruise only. 7. Average speed is total range dii26. b2- flj ...i’~ GL a , T.0 .T. 0 .T g:gF-OT... (sin2 ~41 LOLT.O0. Sinc ili (iR/C)/VTO "A R/O G TD VT D T (~c Aseme rbtra-yvalu-a of R/O In ft./rsoa. Find D aT

People Who Have Committed a Certain Sin Ought to Be Dead

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Leenaars, Antoon A.

2006-01-01

People who have committed a certain sin ought to be dead; I am a person who has committed that sin; therefore, I ought to be dead. Thus is the logic of a suicidal mind. Lester, Szaz, and others argue the "sinner" should always be allowed to kill him/herself. Shneidman, Leenaars and others do not agree. Once one knows the suicidal mind, it is easy…

S-Adenosyl-Homocysteine Is a Weakly Bound Inhibitor for a Flaviviral Methyltransferase

PubMed Central

Chen, Hui; Zhou, Bing; Brecher, Matthew; Banavali, Nilesh; Jones, Susan A.; Li, Zhong; Zhang, Jing; Nag, Dilip; Kramer, Laura D.; Ghosh, Arun K.; Li, Hongmin

2013-01-01

The methyltransferase enzyme (MTase), which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet) to viral RNA, and generates S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) as a by-product, is essential for the life cycle of many significant human pathogen flaviviruses. Here we investigated inhibition of the flavivirus MTase by several AdoHcy-derivatives. Unexpectedly we found that AdoHcy itself barely inhibits the flavivirus MTase activities, even at high concentrations. AdoHcy was also shown to not inhibit virus growth in cell-culture. Binding studies confirmed that AdoHcy has a much lower binding affinity for the MTase than either the AdoMet co-factor, or the natural AdoMet analog inhibitor sinefungin (SIN). While AdoMet is a positively charged molecule, SIN is similar to AdoHcy in being uncharged, and only has an additional amine group that can make extra electrostatic contacts with the MTase. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Sovation Area analysis on AdoHcy and SIN binding to the MTase suggests that the stronger binding of SIN may not be directly due to interactions of this amine group, but due to distributed differences in SIN binding resulting from its presence. The results suggest that better MTase inhibitors could be designed by using SIN as a scaffold rather than AdoHcy. PMID:24130807

S-adenosyl-homocysteine is a weakly bound inhibitor for a flaviviral methyltransferase.

PubMed

Chen, Hui; Zhou, Bing; Brecher, Matthew; Banavali, Nilesh; Jones, Susan A; Li, Zhong; Zhang, Jing; Nag, Dilip; Kramer, Laura D; Ghosh, Arun K; Li, Hongmin

2013-01-01

The methyltransferase enzyme (MTase), which catalyzes the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosyl-methionine (AdoMet) to viral RNA, and generates S-adenosyl-homocysteine (AdoHcy) as a by-product, is essential for the life cycle of many significant human pathogen flaviviruses. Here we investigated inhibition of the flavivirus MTase by several AdoHcy-derivatives. Unexpectedly we found that AdoHcy itself barely inhibits the flavivirus MTase activities, even at high concentrations. AdoHcy was also shown to not inhibit virus growth in cell-culture. Binding studies confirmed that AdoHcy has a much lower binding affinity for the MTase than either the AdoMet co-factor, or the natural AdoMet analog inhibitor sinefungin (SIN). While AdoMet is a positively charged molecule, SIN is similar to AdoHcy in being uncharged, and only has an additional amine group that can make extra electrostatic contacts with the MTase. Molecular Mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann Sovation Area analysis on AdoHcy and SIN binding to the MTase suggests that the stronger binding of SIN may not be directly due to interactions of this amine group, but due to distributed differences in SIN binding resulting from its presence. The results suggest that better MTase inhibitors could be designed by using SIN as a scaffold rather than AdoHcy.

Understanding original antigenic sin in influenza with a dynamical system.

PubMed

Pan, Keyao

2011-01-01

Original antigenic sin is the phenomenon in which prior exposure to an antigen leads to a subsequent suboptimal immune response to a related antigen. Immune memory normally allows for an improved and rapid response to antigens previously seen and is the mechanism by which vaccination works. I here develop a dynamical system model of the mechanism of original antigenic sin in influenza, clarifying and explaining the detailed spin-glass treatment of original antigenic sin. The dynamical system describes the viral load, the quantities of healthy and infected epithelial cells, the concentrations of naïve and memory antibodies, and the affinities of naïve and memory antibodies. I give explicit correspondences between the microscopic variables of the spin-glass model and those of the present dynamical system model. The dynamical system model reproduces the phenomenon of original antigenic sin and describes how a competition between different types of B cells compromises the overall effect of immune response. I illustrate the competition between the naïve and the memory antibodies as a function of the antigenic distance between the initial and subsequent antigens. The suboptimal immune response caused by original antigenic sin is observed when the host is exposed to an antigen which has intermediate antigenic distance to a second antigen previously recognized by the host's immune system.

A Feasibility Analysis of Land-Based SINS/GNSS Gravimetry for Groundwater Resource Detection in Taiwan

PubMed Central

Chiang, Kai-Wei; Lin, Cheng-An; Kuo, Chung-Yen

2015-01-01

The integration of the Strapdown Inertial Navigation System and Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) has been implemented for land-based gravimetry and has been proven to perform well in estimating gravity. Based on the mGal-level gravimetry results, this research aims to construct and develop a land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry device containing a navigation-grade Inertial Measurement Unit. This research also presents a feasibility analysis for groundwater resource detection. A preliminary comparison of the kinematic velocities and accelerations using multi-combination of GNSS data including Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite System, and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, indicates that three-system observations performed better than two-system data in the computation. A comparison of gravity derived from SINS/GNSS and measured using a relative gravimeter also shows that both agree reasonably well with a mean difference of 2.30 mGal. The mean difference between repeat measurements of gravity disturbance using SINS/GNSS is 2.46 mGal with a standard deviation of 1.32 mGal. The gravity variation because of the groundwater at Pingtung Plain, Taiwan could reach 2.72 mGal. Hence, the developed land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry can sufficiently and effectively detect groundwater resources. PMID:26426019

A Feasibility Analysis of Land-Based SINS/GNSS Gravimetry for Groundwater Resource Detection in Taiwan.

PubMed

Chiang, Kai-Wei; Lin, Cheng-An; Kuo, Chung-Yen

2015-09-29

The integration of the Strapdown Inertial Navigation System and Global Navigation Satellite System (SINS/GNSS) has been implemented for land-based gravimetry and has been proven to perform well in estimating gravity. Based on the mGal-level gravimetry results, this research aims to construct and develop a land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry device containing a navigation-grade Inertial Measurement Unit. This research also presents a feasibility analysis for groundwater resource detection. A preliminary comparison of the kinematic velocities and accelerations using multi-combination of GNSS data including Global Positioning System, Global Navigation Satellite System, and BeiDou Navigation Satellite System, indicates that three-system observations performed better than two-system data in the computation. A comparison of gravity derived from SINS/GNSS and measured using a relative gravimeter also shows that both agree reasonably well with a mean difference of 2.30 mGal. The mean difference between repeat measurements of gravity disturbance using SINS/GNSS is 2.46 mGal with a standard deviation of 1.32 mGal. The gravity variation because of the groundwater at Pingtung Plain, Taiwan could reach 2.72 mGal. Hence, the developed land-based SINS/GNSS gravimetry can sufficiently and effectively detect groundwater resources.

Optimization and evaluation of pluronic lecithin organogels as a transdermal delivery vehicle for sinomenine.

PubMed

Ba, Wenqiang; Li, Zhou; Wang, Lisheng; Wang, Ding; Liao, Weiguo; Fan, Wentao; Wu, Yinai; Liao, Fengyun; Yu, Jianye

2016-08-01

The purpose of the present study was to prepare and optimize sinomenine (SIN) pluronic lecithin organogels system (PLO), and to evaluate the permeability of the optimized PLO in vitro and in vivo. Box-Behnken design was used to optimize the PLO and the optimized formulation was pluronic F127 of 19.61%, lecithin of 3.60% and SIN of 1.27%. The formulation was evaluated its skin permeation and drug deposition both in vitro and in vivo compared with gel. Permeation and deposition studies of PLO were carried out with Franz diffusion cells in vitro and with microdialysis in vivo. In vitro studies, permeation rate (Jss) of SIN from PLO was 146.55 ± 2.93 μg/cm(2)/h, significantly higher than that of gel (120.39 μg/cm(2)/h) and the amount of SIN deposited in skin from the PLO was 10.08 ± 0.86 μg/cm(2), significantly larger than that from gel (6.01 ± 0.04 μg/cm(2)). In vivo skin microdialysis studies showed that the maximum concentration (Cmax) of SIN from PLO in "permeation study" and "drug-deposition study" were 150.27 ± 20.85 μg/ml and 67.95 μg/ml, respectively, both significantly higher than that of SIN from gel (29.66 and 6.73 μg/ml). The results recommend that PLO can be used as an advantageous transdermal delivery vehicle to enhance the permeation and skin deposition of SIN.

Measurement of sin 2 θ eff lept using e + e - pairs from γ * / Z bosons produced in p p ¯ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV

DOE PAGES

Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.; ...

2016-06-28

Here, at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (pmore » $$\\bar{p}$$) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process p$$\\bar{p}$$→e +e -+X through an intermediate γ*/Z boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the e - as a function of the e +e --pair mass is used to obtain sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4 fb -1 of integrated luminosity from p$$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$ is found to be 0.23248±0.00053. The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on μ +μ - pairs yields sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$=0.23221±0.00046. This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming sin 2θW=1-M$$2\\atop{W}$$/M$$2\\atop{Z}$$ and that the W- and Z-boson masses are on-shell, yields sin 2θW=0.22400±0.00045, or equivalently a W-boson mass of 80.328±0.024 GeV/c 2.« less

Study on UKF based federal integrated navigation for high dynamic aviation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhao, Gang; Shao, Wei; Chen, Kai; Yan, Jie

2011-08-01

High dynamic aircraft is a very attractive new generation vehicles, in which provides near space aviation with large flight envelope both speed and altitude, for example the hypersonic vehicles. The complex flight environments for high dynamic vehicles require high accuracy and stability navigation scheme. Since the conventional Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS) and Global Position System (GPS) federal integrated scheme based on EKF (Extended Kalman Filter) is invalidation in GPS single blackout situation because of high speed flight, a new high precision and stability integrated navigation approach is presented in this paper, in which the SINS, GPS and Celestial Navigation System (CNS) is combined as a federal information fusion configuration based on nonlinear Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) algorithm. Firstly, the new integrated system state error is modeled. According to this error model, the SINS system is used as the navigation solution mathematic platform. The SINS combine with GPS constitute one error estimation filter subsystem based on UKF to obtain local optimal estimation, and the SINS combine with CNS constitute another error estimation subsystem. A non-reset federated configuration filter based on partial information is proposed to fuse two local optimal estimations to get global optimal error estimation, and the global optimal estimation is used to correct the SINS navigation solution. The χ 2 fault detection method is used to detect the subsystem fault, and the fault subsystem is isolation through fault interval to protect system away from the divergence. The integrated system takes advantages of SINS, GPS and CNS to an immense improvement for high accuracy and reliably high dynamic navigation application. Simulation result shows that federated fusion of using GPS and CNS to revise SINS solution is reasonable and availably with good estimation performance, which are satisfied with the demands of high dynamic flight navigation. The UKF is superior than EKF based integrated scheme, in which has smaller estimation error and quickly convergence rate.

Bias in medicine in the context of the film Aligarh.

PubMed

Sasi, Aiswarya

2017-01-01

In today's world, I feel another sin needs to be added to the list of the seven deadly sins, viz the sin of intolerance. We hear this term on the news every other day and see society display this attitude more often than not. While the movie Aligarh raised myriad social issues, as a medical student, I would like to speak of one in particular - the influence of stigma on healthcare.

Sin(x)**2 + cos(x)**2 = 1. [programming identities using comparative combinatorial substitutions

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Stoutemyer, D. R.

1977-01-01

Attempts to achieve tasteful automatic employment of the identities sin sq x + cos sq x = 1 and cos sq h x -sin sq h x = 1 in a manner which truly minimizes the complexity of the resulting expression are described. The disappointments of trigonometric reduction, trigonometric expansion, pattern matching, Poisson series, and Demoivre's theorem are related. The advantages of using the method of comparative combinatorial substitutions are illustrated.

Destroying God's Temple? Physical Inactivity, Poor Diet, Obesity, and Other "Sin" Behaviors.

PubMed

Faries, Mark D; McClendon, Megan; Jones, Eric J

2017-02-17

On average, our participants (N = 112), who self-proclaimed to be Christians, believed that physically inactive lifestyles, unhealthy eating, overeating, and being obese destroy the body, God's temple. However, these beliefs were less definitive, than those of other common "sin" behaviors, such as drug use, smoking, and excessive drinking of alcohol. In addition, destroying the body with physical inactivity or poor diet was not necessarily viewed as sinful. Subsequently, these beliefs did not relate to self-reported physical activity, dietary behavior, or body mass index. It is possible that inactivity, poor dietary habits, and obesity are not internalized into the spiritual perspective as destroying the body, God's temple, in the same way as other "sin" behaviors.

Improved search for muon-neutrino to electron-neutrino oscillations in MINOS

DOE PAGES

Adamson, P.

2011-10-27

The authors report the results of a search for ν e appearance in ν μ beam in the MINOS long-baseline neutrino experiment. With an improved analysis and an increased exposure of 8.2 x 10 20 protons on the NuMI target at Fermilab, they find that 2 sin 2 (θ 23 sin 2 (θ 13) < 0.12 (0.20) at 90% confidence level for δ = 0 and the normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy, with a best fit of 2 sin 2θ 23) sin 2 (2θ 13) = 0.041 -0.031 +0.047 (0.079 -0.053 +0.071). The θ 13= 0 hypothesis is disfavored bymore » the MINOS data at the 89% confidence level.« less

Solar tidal variations of coefficients of second harmonic of gravitational potential of Mercury

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ferrandiz, Jose; Barkin, Yury

2010-05-01

Variations of coefficients of the second harmonic of Mercury potential caused by the solar tides have been studied. In the paper we use analytical expressions for tidal variations of Stoks coefficients obtained for model of the elastic celestial body with concentric distributions of masses and elastic parameters (Love numbers) and their reduced form with using fundamental elastic parameter k2 of the Mercury. Taking into account the resonant properties of the Mercury motion variations of the Mercury potential coefficients we present in the form of Fourier series on the multiple of corresponding arguments of the Mercury orbital theory. Evaluations of the amplitudes and periods of observed variations of Mercury potential have been tabulated for base elastic model of the Mercury characterized by hypothetic elastic parameter (Love number) k2=0.37 (Dehant et al., 2005). Tidal variations of polar moment of inertia of the Mercury (due to tidal deformations) lead to remarkable variations of the Mercury rotation. Tidal variations of the Mercury axial rotation also have been determined and tabulated. From our results it follows that the tide periodic variations of gravitational coefficients of the Mercury in a few orders bigger then corresponding tidal variations of Earth's geopotential coefficients (Ferrandiz, Getino, 1993). Variations coefficients of the second harmonic of Mercury potential. These variations are determined by the known formulae for variations of coefficients of the second harmonic of geopotential (Ferrandiz, Getino, 1993). Here we present these formulae in some special form as applied to the considered problem about the Mercury tidal deformations: ( ) δJ2 = - 3Tα23-2, δC22 = T α21 - α22 -4, δS22 = T α1α2-2, δC21 = Tα1α3, δS21 = T α2α3. Here T = k2(M R3 -ma3 ) = 1.667 × 10-7 is a estimation of some conditional coefficient of tidal deformation of Mercury. m and Rare the mass and the mean radius of Mercury. Here we have used standard values of ratio of mass of the Sun and Mercury m-M = 6023600, mean radius of Mercury R = 2439.7 km. a = 0.3870983098 AU is an unperturbed value of major semi-axis of Mercury orbit. k2=0.37. αjis direction cosines of the radius-vector of the Sun in Mercury principal axes of inertia. The central problem of the work was a construction of trigonometric developments of the producta and squares of these direction cosines multiplied on function(a-r)3, where r is a value of radius-vector of the Sun anda is a major semi-axis of orbit of Mercury (unperturbed value): (a-r)3αiαj. Omiting sufficiently long procedure on construction of developments for mentioned products we present final formulas for solar tidal variations of coefficients of Mercury gravitational potential: M--(R-)3Σ δJ2 = - 3k2m a [R0,ν(ρ,t)cos? ν + r0,ν(ρ,t)sin ?ν] ν ( ) 1 M-- R- 3Σ Σ [ (ɛ) (ɛ) ] δS22 = - 8k2m a R2,ν cos(2g +2l- ɛ? ν)- r2,ν sin (2g - ɛ?ν) , ν ɛ 1 M (R )3Σ Σ [ (ɛ) (ɛ) ] δC21 = - 4k2m- -a R1,ν cos (g + l- ɛ? ν)- r1,ν sin(g+ l- ɛ?ν) , ν ɛ ( )3Σ Σ [ ] δS21 = - 1 k2 M- R- R (ɛ1,)ν cos(g+ l- ɛ?ν)- r(1ɛ),ν sin(g- ɛ? ν). 4 m a ν ɛ For simplicity here we put the value of the angle ? = 00, that means that in unperturbed rotational motion of Mercury its vector of angular momentum consides with the polar principial axis of inertia. Here ɛ = ±1; ?ν are arguments located on multiple of mean longitudes of planets (Mercury, Venus, the Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uran and the Neptune): ?ν = ν1LMe + ν2LV + ν3LE + ν4LMa + ν5LJu + ν6LSa + ν7LUr + ν8LNe; ν = (ν1,ν2,ν3,...,ν8) are corresponding sets of integer indexes. Here all functions R and r are special inclination functions depending from angle ρof inclination of vector of angular momentum of Mercury with respect to normal to base (Laplace) plane and coefficients:Aν(j), Bν(j) and aν(j), bν(j): R0,ν(ρ,t) = - 1 (3 cos2ρ - 1)A(ν0)- 1sin2ρA(ν1)- 1sin2ρA(ν2), 6 2 4 1 ( ) 1 1 r0,ν(ρ,t) = -- 3cos2ρ- 1 a(ν0)- -sin2ρa(1ν)- - sin2 ρa(ν2), 6 2 4 ( ) R(1ɛ,ν)= sin 2ρ A (0ν)- 1A (2ν) - 2cos2ρA(ν1) + 2ɛ cos ρB(ν1) - ɛ sinρB (2ν), 2 ( 1 ) r(1ɛ,ν)= 2cosρb(ν1)- sinρb(2ν)- ɛsin2ρ a(0ν)- -a(ν2) + 2ɛcos2ρa(ν1), 2 (ɛ) ( 1 ) R2,ν = A(ν2)+ sin2ρ A(ν0)- 2A(ν2) - sin2ρA(ν1)+ 2ɛsinρB (ν1)+ ɛ cosρB (ν2), r2,ν(ɛ) = 2sinρbν(1) + cosρbν(2) - ɛaν(2) - ɛsin2ρ( (0) 1 (2)) aν - 2aν + ɛsin2ρaν(1) (ɛ = ±1). As particular case from our inclination functions of corresponding expression of Kinoshita's functions are obtained. In accordance with generalized Cassini-Colombo laws it inclination is evaluated as ρ= 2'1 on modern data of radiolocation of Mercury. First estimation of this parameter was about 1'6 (Barkin, 1984). Coefficients Aν(j), Bν(j) and aν(j), bν(j)with high accuracy have been presented as quadratic functions of the time which take into account secular planetary perturbations in the Mercury orbital motion (Kudrjavsev, 2009; Barkin, Kudrjavsev, Barkin, 2009): Aν(j) = Aν;0(j) + Aν;1(j) × t + Aν;2(j) × t2, A = (A,B,a,b), j = (0,1,2). These coefficients generalize similar Kinoshita's coefficients (in Earth rotation theory) and represent full and exact developments of following functions of heliocentric spherical coordinates of Mercury (r, φ and λ): 1( a)3(1 - 3sin2φ ) =Σ A(0)cos? +a(0)sin? , 2 r ν ν ν ν ν ( ) a-3cos2φ cos2 (λ - h) =Σ A (2)cos? ν + a(2)sin ?ν, r ν ν ν ( )3 Σ a- cos2φ sin2 (λ - h) = B (2ν)sin ?ν + b(ν2)cos?ν, r ν ( a)3 Σ -- sinφ cosφ sin (λ - h) = A (1ν)cos?ν + a(1ν)sin ?ν, r ν ( a)3 Σ (1) (1) r- sinφ cosφ cos(λ- h) = B ν sin?ν + bν cos?ν. ν The new expansions are valid over 2000 years, 1000AI 3000AD, have a form similar to that of Kinoshita's series. The latest long-term numerical ephemerides of the Moon and planets DE-406 are used as the source of disturbing bodies coordinates. The mentioned developments have been constructed not only for the problem about Mercury rotation but also for the problems about Earth rotation, Venus rotation and in theory of the Moon rotation (Kudrjavsev, 2009; Barkin, Kudrjavsev, Barkin, 2009). Corresponding developments of Kinoshita in the Earth rotation theory are obtained as particular case from above mentioned formulae by restricting conditions: r = a = b = 0. In the work we analize and evaluate amplitudes, frequencies and phases of solar tidal variations of coefficients of second harmonic of gravitational potential of Mercury. Also tidal perturbations of the Mercury axial rotation caused by variations of polar moment of inertia are determined and analized. The Barkin's work partially was financially accepted by Spanish grants, Japanese-Russian grant N-09-02-92113-JF and by RFBR grant N 08-02-00367.

Arginase Inhibition Restores Peroxynitrite-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via L-Arginine-Dependent Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation

PubMed Central

Nguyen, Minh Cong; Park, Jong Taek; Jeon, Yeong Gwan; Jeon, Byeong Hwa; Hoe, Kwang Lae; Kim, Young Myeong

2016-01-01

Purpose Peroxynitrite plays a critical role in vascular pathophysiology by increasing arginase activity and decreasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate whether arginase inhibition and L-arginine supplement could restore peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and determine the involved mechanism. Materials and Methods Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with SIN-1, a peroxynitrite generator, and arginase activity, nitrite/nitrate production, and expression levels of proteins were measured. eNOS activation was evaluated via Western blot and dimer blot analysis. We also tested nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and performed a vascular tension assay. Results SIN-1 treatment increased arginase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and reciprocally decreased nitrite/nitrate production that was prevented by peroxynitrite scavenger in HUVECs. Furthermore, SIN-1 induced an increase in the expression level of arginase I and II, though not in eNOS protein. The decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and the increased at Thr495 by SIN-1 were restored with arginase inhibitor and L-arginine. The changed eNOS phosphorylation was consistent in the stability of eNOS dimers. SIN-1 decreased NO production and increased ROS generation in the aortic endothelium, all of which was reversed by arginase inhibitor or L-arginine. NG-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) prevented SIN-1-induced ROS generation. In the vascular tension assay, SIN-1 enhanced vasoconstrictor responses to U46619 and attenuated vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine that were reversed by arginase inhibition. Conclusion These findings may explain the beneficial effect of arginase inhibition and L-arginine supplement on endothelial dysfunction under redox imbalance-dependent pathophysiological conditions. PMID:27593859

Arginase Inhibition Restores Peroxynitrite-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction via L-Arginine-Dependent Endothelial Nitric Oxide Synthase Phosphorylation.

PubMed

Nguyen, Minh Cong; Park, Jong Taek; Jeon, Yeong Gwan; Jeon, Byeong Hwa; Hoe, Kwang Lae; Kim, Young Myeong; Lim, Hyun Kyo; Ryoo, Sungwoo

2016-11-01

Peroxynitrite plays a critical role in vascular pathophysiology by increasing arginase activity and decreasing endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) activity. Therefore, the aims of this study were to investigate whether arginase inhibition and L-arginine supplement could restore peroxynitrite-induced endothelial dysfunction and determine the involved mechanism. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were treated with SIN-1, a peroxynitrite generator, and arginase activity, nitrite/nitrate production, and expression levels of proteins were measured. eNOS activation was evaluated via Western blot and dimer blot analysis. We also tested nitric oxide (NO) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and performed a vascular tension assay. SIN-1 treatment increased arginase activity in a time- and dose-dependent manner and reciprocally decreased nitrite/nitrate production that was prevented by peroxynitrite scavenger in HUVECs. Furthermore, SIN-1 induced an increase in the expression level of arginase I and II, though not in eNOS protein. The decreased eNOS phosphorylation at Ser1177 and the increased at Thr495 by SIN-1 were restored with arginase inhibitor and L-arginine. The changed eNOS phosphorylation was consistent in the stability of eNOS dimers. SIN-1 decreased NO production and increased ROS generation in the aortic endothelium, all of which was reversed by arginase inhibitor or L-arginine. N(G)-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) prevented SIN-1-induced ROS generation. In the vascular tension assay, SIN-1 enhanced vasoconstrictor responses to U46619 and attenuated vasorelaxant responses to acetylcholine that were reversed by arginase inhibition. These findings may explain the beneficial effect of arginase inhibition and L-arginine supplement on endothelial dysfunction under redox imbalance-dependent pathophysiological conditions.

Lexical-Access Ability and Cognitive Predictors of Speech Recognition in Noise in Adult Cochlear Implant Users

PubMed Central

Smits, Cas; Merkus, Paul; Festen, Joost M.; Goverts, S. Theo

2017-01-01

Not all of the variance in speech-recognition performance of cochlear implant (CI) users can be explained by biographic and auditory factors. In normal-hearing listeners, linguistic and cognitive factors determine most of speech-in-noise performance. The current study explored specifically the influence of visually measured lexical-access ability compared with other cognitive factors on speech recognition of 24 postlingually deafened CI users. Speech-recognition performance was measured with monosyllables in quiet (consonant-vowel-consonant [CVC]), sentences-in-noise (SIN), and digit-triplets in noise (DIN). In addition to a composite variable of lexical-access ability (LA), measured with a lexical-decision test (LDT) and word-naming task, vocabulary size, working-memory capacity (Reading Span test [RSpan]), and a visual analogue of the SIN test (text reception threshold test) were measured. The DIN test was used to correct for auditory factors in SIN thresholds by taking the difference between SIN and DIN: SRTdiff. Correlation analyses revealed that duration of hearing loss (dHL) was related to SIN thresholds. Better working-memory capacity was related to SIN and SRTdiff scores. LDT reaction time was positively correlated with SRTdiff scores. No significant relationships were found for CVC or DIN scores with the predictor variables. Regression analyses showed that together with dHL, RSpan explained 55% of the variance in SIN thresholds. When controlling for auditory performance, LA, LDT, and RSpan separately explained, together with dHL, respectively 37%, 36%, and 46% of the variance in SRTdiff outcome. The results suggest that poor verbal working-memory capacity and to a lesser extent poor lexical-access ability limit speech-recognition ability in listeners with a CI. PMID:29205095

The Impact of Prostate Cancer Treatment-Related Symptoms on Low-Income Latino Couples

DTIC Science & Technology

2011-03-01

decir la…la…palabra cáncer para usted? Patient ID#1866: Pues…casi es básicamente “aguas, que estás en peligro !” ¿Si? Interviewer AS: Uh huh...primero era acabar con el cáncer Interviewer AS: Si Principal Investigator: Maliski, SL 36 Patient ID#1866: Eso es el peligro de perder la vida

Informe: Agua potable - la EPA necesita adoptar medidas adicionales para garantizar que los pequeños sistemas de agua comunitarios señalados como graves infractores logren cumplir con las normas

EPA Pesticide Factsheets

Informe #16-P-0108, 22 de Marzo de 2016. La EPA puede proteger mejor al público del agua potable contaminada, lo que incluye a casi 200,000 personas en Puerto Rico que todavía carecen de agua potable segura.

Investigation of Doppler Effects on the Detection of Polyphase Coded Radar Waveforms

DTIC Science & Technology

2003-02-01

wave2 = amp * sin(2*pi*two+(2*pi/7)); %the second modulated waveform %wave = [wavec wave1 wave2 wavec]; %the wave form put togther wave = amp...waveform wave1 = sin(2*pi*two+(pi/2)); %the first modulated waveform wave2 = sin(2*pi*two+(2*pi/7)); %the second modulated waveform...wave = [wavec wave1 wave2 wavec]; %the wave form put togther normval = max(abs(xcorr(wave,wave))); N=length

Modification of Light Emission in Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Films Versus Stoichiometry and Excitation Light Energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torchynska, T.; Khomenkova, L.; Slaoui, A.

2018-04-01

Si-rich SiN x films with different stoichiometry were grown on Si substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The Si content was varied by changing the NH3/SiH4 gas flow ratio from 0.45 up to 1.0. Conventional furnace annealing at 1100°C for 30 min was applied to produce the Si quantum dots (QDs) in the SiN x films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine the refractive index of the SiN x films that allowed estimating the film's stoichiometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been also used to confirm the stoichiometry and microstructure. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si-rich SiN x films are complex. A non-monotonous variation of the different PL peaks versus Si excess contents testifies to the competition of different radiative channels. The analysis of PL spectra, measured at the different excitation light energies and variable temperatures, has revealed that the PL bands with the peaks within the range 2.1-3.0 eV are related to the carrier recombination via radiative native defects in the SiN x host. Simultaneously, the PL bands with the peaks at 1.5-2.0 eV are caused by the exciton recombination in the Si QDs of different sizes. The way to control the SiN x emission is discussed.

A Novel Grid SINS/DVL Integrated Navigation Algorithm for Marine Application

PubMed Central

Kang, Yingyao; Zhao, Lin; Cheng, Jianhua; Fan, Xiaoliang

2018-01-01

Integrated navigation algorithms under the grid frame have been proposed based on the Kalman filter (KF) to solve the problem of navigation in some special regions. However, in the existing study of grid strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS)/Doppler velocity log (DVL) integrated navigation algorithms, the Earth models of the filter dynamic model and the SINS mechanization are not unified. Besides, traditional integrated systems with the KF based correction scheme are susceptible to measurement errors, which would decrease the accuracy and robustness of the system. In this paper, an adaptive robust Kalman filter (ARKF) based hybrid-correction grid SINS/DVL integrated navigation algorithm is designed with the unified reference ellipsoid Earth model to improve the navigation accuracy in middle-high latitude regions for marine application. Firstly, to unify the Earth models, the mechanization of grid SINS is introduced and the error equations are derived based on the same reference ellipsoid Earth model. Then, a more accurate grid SINS/DVL filter model is designed according to the new error equations. Finally, a hybrid-correction scheme based on the ARKF is proposed to resist the effect of measurement errors. Simulation and experiment results show that, compared with the traditional algorithms, the proposed navigation algorithm can effectively improve the navigation performance in middle-high latitude regions by the unified Earth models and the ARKF based hybrid-correction scheme. PMID:29373549

Modification of Light Emission in Si-Rich Silicon Nitride Films Versus Stoichiometry and Excitation Light Energy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Torchynska, T.; Khomenkova, L.; Slaoui, A.

2018-07-01

Si-rich SiN x films with different stoichiometry were grown on Si substrate by plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition. The Si content was varied by changing the NH3/SiH4 gas flow ratio from 0.45 up to 1.0. Conventional furnace annealing at 1100°C for 30 min was applied to produce the Si quantum dots (QDs) in the SiN x films. Spectroscopic ellipsometry was used to determine the refractive index of the SiN x films that allowed estimating the film's stoichiometry. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy has been also used to confirm the stoichiometry and microstructure. Photoluminescence (PL) spectra of Si-rich SiN x films are complex. A non-monotonous variation of the different PL peaks versus Si excess contents testifies to the competition of different radiative channels. The analysis of PL spectra, measured at the different excitation light energies and variable temperatures, has revealed that the PL bands with the peaks within the range 2.1-3.0 eV are related to the carrier recombination via radiative native defects in the SiN x host. Simultaneously, the PL bands with the peaks at 1.5-2.0 eV are caused by the exciton recombination in the Si QDs of different sizes. The way to control the SiN x emission is discussed.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, T.; Amerio, S.; Amidei, D.

Here, at the Fermilab Tevatron proton-antiproton (pmore » $$\\bar{p}$$) collider, Drell-Yan lepton pairs are produced in the process p$$\\bar{p}$$→e +e -+X through an intermediate γ*/Z boson. The forward-backward asymmetry in the polar-angle distribution of the e - as a function of the e +e --pair mass is used to obtain sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$, the effective leptonic determination of the electroweak-mixing parameter sin2θW. The measurement sample, recorded by the Collider Detector at Fermilab (CDF), corresponds to 9.4 fb -1 of integrated luminosity from p$$\\bar{p}$$ collisions at a center-of-momentum energy of 1.96 TeV, and is the full CDF Run II data set. The value of sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$ is found to be 0.23248±0.00053. The combination with the previous CDF measurement based on μ +μ - pairs yields sin 2θ$$lept\\atop{eff}$$=0.23221±0.00046. This result, when interpreted within the specified context of the standard model assuming sin 2θW=1-M$$2\\atop{W}$$/M$$2\\atop{Z}$$ and that the W- and Z-boson masses are on-shell, yields sin 2θW=0.22400±0.00045, or equivalently a W-boson mass of 80.328±0.024 GeV/c 2.« less

Efficient construction of producer cell lines for a SIN lentiviral vector for SCID-X1 gene therapy by concatemeric array transfection

PubMed Central

Throm, Robert E.; Ouma, Annastasia A.; Zhou, Sheng; Chandrasekaran, Anantharaman; Lockey, Timothy; Greene, Michael; De Ravin, Suk See; Moayeri, Morvarid; Malech, Harry L.; Sorrentino, Brian P.

2009-01-01

Retroviral vectors containing internal promoters, chromatin insulators, and self-inactivating (SIN) long terminal repeats (LTRs) may have significantly reduced genotoxicity relative to the conventional retroviral vectors used in recent, otherwise successful clinical trials. Large-scale production of such vectors is problematic, however, as the introduction of SIN vectors into packaging cells cannot be accomplished with the traditional method of viral transduction. We have derived a set of packaging cell lines for HIV-based lentiviral vectors and developed a novel concatemeric array transfection technique for the introduction of SIN vector genomes devoid of enhancer and promoter sequences in the LTR. We used this method to derive a producer cell clone for a SIN lentiviral vector expressing green fluorescent protein, which when grown in a bioreactor generated more than 20 L of supernatant with titers above 107 transducing units (TU) per milliliter. Further refinement of our technique enabled the rapid generation of whole populations of stably transformed cells that produced similar titers. Finally, we describe the construction of an insulated, SIN lentiviral vector encoding the human interleukin 2 receptor common γ chain (IL2RG) gene and the efficient derivation of cloned producer cells that generate supernatants with titers greater than 5 × 107 TU/mL and that are suitable for use in a clinical trial for X-linked severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID-X1). PMID:19286997

Building Climate Resilience at NASA Ames Research Center

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iraci, L. T.; Mueller, C.; Podolske, J. R.; Milesi, C.

2016-12-01

NASA Ames Research Center, located at the southern end of the San Francisco Bay (SFB) estuary, has identified three primary vulnerabilities to changes in climate. The Ames Climate Adaptation Science Investigator (CASI) workgroup has studied each of these challenges to operations and the potential exposure of infrastructure and employees to an increased frequency of hazards. Sea level rise inundation scenarios for the SFB Area generally refer to projected scenarios in mean sea level rather than changes in extreme tides that could occur during future storm conditions. In the summer of 2014, high resolution 3-D mapping of the low-lying portion of Ames was performed. Those data are integrated with improved sea level inundation scenarios to identify the buildings, basements and drainage systems potentially affected. We will also identify the impacts of sea level and storm surge effects on transportation to and from the Center. This information will help Center management develop future master plans. Climate change will also lead to changes in temperature, storm frequency and intensity. These changes have potential impacts on localized floods and ecosystems, as well as on electricity and water availability. Over the coming decades, these changes will be imposed on top of ongoing land use and land cover changes, especially those deriving from continued urbanization and increase in impervious surface areas. These coupled changes have the potential to create a series of cascading impacts on ecosystems, including changes in primary productivity and disturbance of hydrological properties and increased flood risk. The majority of the electricity used at Ames is supplied by hydroelectric dams, which will be influenced by reductions in precipitation or changes in the timing or phase of precipitation which reduces snow pack. Coupled with increased demand for summertime air conditioning and other cooling needs, NASA Ames is at risk for electricity shortfalls. To assess the anticipated energy usage as climate changes, the Ames CASI team is collecting historical energy usage data from Ames facilities, historical weather data, and projected future weather parameters from the CASI Climate subgroup. This data will be incorporated into the RETScreen model to predict how energy usage at Ames will change over the coming century.

Physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using a J-PARC neutrino beam and Hyper-Kamiokande

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abe, K.; Aihara, H.; Andreopoulos, C.

Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons, approximately 20 (25) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. One of the main goals of Hyper-Kamiokande is the study of CP asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. In this paper, the physics potential of a long baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented. The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment. With a total exposure of 7.5more » MW × 107 sec integrated proton beam power (corresponding to 1.56×1022 protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam) to a 2.5-degree off-axis neutrino beam, it is expected that the leptonic CP phase δCP can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of δCP, and CP violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than 3σ (5σ) for 76% (58%) of the δCP parameter space. Using both νe appearance and νμ disappearance data, the expected 1σ uncertainty of sin2θ23 is 0.015(0.006) for sin2θ23=0.5(0.45).« less

Physics potential of a long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment using a J-PARC neutrino beam and Hyper-Kamiokande

DOE PAGES

Abe, K.; Aihara, H.; Andreopoulos, C.; ...

2015-05-19

Hyper-Kamiokande will be a next generation underground water Cherenkov detector with a total (fiducial) mass of 0.99 (0.56) million metric tons, approximately 20 (25) times larger than that of Super-Kamiokande. One of the main goals of Hyper-Kamiokande is the study of CP asymmetry in the lepton sector using accelerator neutrino and anti-neutrino beams. In this paper, the physics potential of a long baseline neutrino experiment using the Hyper-Kamiokande detector and a neutrino beam from the J-PARC proton synchrotron is presented. The analysis uses the framework and systematic uncertainties derived from the ongoing T2K experiment. With a total exposure of 7.5more » MW × 107 sec integrated proton beam power (corresponding to 1.56×1022 protons on target with a 30 GeV proton beam) to a 2.5-degree off-axis neutrino beam, it is expected that the leptonic CP phase δCP can be determined to better than 19 degrees for all possible values of δCP, and CP violation can be established with a statistical significance of more than 3σ (5σ) for 76% (58%) of the δCP parameter space. Using both νe appearance and νμ disappearance data, the expected 1σ uncertainty of sin2θ23 is 0.015(0.006) for sin2θ23=0.5(0.45).« less

A Method for Oscillation Errors Restriction of SINS Based on Forecasted Time Series.

PubMed

Zhao, Lin; Li, Jiushun; Cheng, Jianhua; Jia, Chun; Wang, Qiufan

2015-07-17

Continuity, real-time, and accuracy are the key technical indexes of evaluating comprehensive performance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). However, Schuler, Foucault, and Earth periodic oscillation errors significantly cut down the real-time accuracy of SINS. A method for oscillation error restriction of SINS based on forecasted time series is proposed by analyzing the characteristics of periodic oscillation errors. The innovative method gains multiple sets of navigation solutions with different phase delays in virtue of the forecasted time series acquired through the measurement data of the inertial measurement unit (IMU). With the help of curve-fitting based on least square method, the forecasted time series is obtained while distinguishing and removing small angular motion interference in the process of initial alignment. Finally, the periodic oscillation errors are restricted on account of the principle of eliminating the periodic oscillation signal with a half-wave delay by mean value. Simulation and test results show that the method has good performance in restricting the Schuler, Foucault, and Earth oscillation errors of SINS.

A Method for Oscillation Errors Restriction of SINS Based on Forecasted Time Series

PubMed Central

Zhao, Lin; Li, Jiushun; Cheng, Jianhua; Jia, Chun; Wang, Qiufan

2015-01-01

Continuity, real-time, and accuracy are the key technical indexes of evaluating comprehensive performance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). However, Schuler, Foucault, and Earth periodic oscillation errors significantly cut down the real-time accuracy of SINS. A method for oscillation error restriction of SINS based on forecasted time series is proposed by analyzing the characteristics of periodic oscillation errors. The innovative method gains multiple sets of navigation solutions with different phase delays in virtue of the forecasted time series acquired through the measurement data of the inertial measurement unit (IMU). With the help of curve-fitting based on least square method, the forecasted time series is obtained while distinguishing and removing small angular motion interference in the process of initial alignment. Finally, the periodic oscillation errors are restricted on account of the principle of eliminating the periodic oscillation signal with a half-wave delay by mean value. Simulation and test results show that the method has good performance in restricting the Schuler, Foucault, and Earth oscillation errors of SINS. PMID:26193283

Extraction of $$\\sin^2\\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff}$$ and indirect measurement of $$m_w$$ from the 9 fb$$^{-1}$$ full run ii sample of $$\\mu^+\\mu^-$$ events at cdf

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bodek, A.

2014-09-19

We report on the extraction ofmore » $$\\sin^2\\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff}$$ and indirect measurement of the mass of the W boson from the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\mu^+\\mu^-$$ events in the $Z$ boson mass region. The data sample collected by the CDF detector corresponds to the full 9 fb$$^{-1}$$ run II sample. We measure $$\\sin^2 \\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff} = 0.2315 \\pm 0.0010$$,$$ \\sin^2 \\theta_W = 0.2233 \\pm 0.0009$$ and $$M_W ({\\rm indirect}) = 80.365 \\pm 0.047 \\;{\\rm GeV}/c^2$$, where each uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic contributions.« less

A SINS/SRS/GNS Autonomous Integrated Navigation System Based on Spectral Redshift Velocity Measurements.

PubMed

Wei, Wenhui; Gao, Zhaohui; Gao, Shesheng; Jia, Ke

2018-04-09

In order to meet the requirements of autonomy and reliability for the navigation system, combined with the method of measuring speed by using the spectral redshift information of the natural celestial bodies, a new scheme, consisting of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/Spectral Redshift (SRS)/Geomagnetic Navigation System (GNS), is designed for autonomous integrated navigation systems. The principle of this SINS/SRS/GNS autonomous integrated navigation system is explored, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. Furthermore, a robust adaptive central difference particle filtering algorithm is proposed for this autonomous integrated navigation system. The simulation experiments are conducted and the results show that the designed SINS/SRS/GNS autonomous integrated navigation system possesses good autonomy, strong robustness and high reliability, thus providing a new solution for autonomous navigation technology.

Exact Solutions of Schrödinger Equation with Improved Ring-Shaped Non-Spherical Harmonic Oscillator and Coulomb Potential

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ndem Ikot, Akpan; Akpan, Ita O.; Abbey, T. M.; Hassanabadi, Hassan

2016-05-01

We propose improved ring shaped like potential of the form, V(r, θ) = V(r) + (ħ2/2Mr2)[(β sin2 θ + γ cos2 θ + λ) / sin θ cos θ]2 and its exact solutions are presented via the Nikiforov-Uvarov method. The angle dependent part V(θ) = (ħ2 / 2 Mr2)[(β sin2 θ + γ cos2 θ + λ) / sin θ cos θ]2, which is reported for the first time embodied the novel angle dependent (NAD) potential and harmonic novel angle dependent potential (HNAD) as special cases. We discuss in detail the effects of the improved ring shaped like potential on the radial parts of the spherical harmonic and Coulomb potentials.

sin 2 θ eff lept and M W(indirect) extracted from 9 fb -1 μ +μ - event sample at CDF

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Bodek, A.

2016-05-31

Here, we report on the extraction ofmore » $$\\sin^2\\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff}$$ and indirect measurement of the mass of the W boson from the forward-backward asymmetry of $$\\mu^+\\mu^-$$ events in the $Z$ boson mass region. The data sample collected by the CDF detector corresponds to the full 9 fb$$^{-1}$$ run II sample. We measure $$\\sin^2 \\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff} = 0.2315 \\pm 0.0010$$, $$ \\sin^2 \\theta_W = 0.2233 \\pm 0.0009$$ and $$M_W ({\\rm indirect}) = 80.365 \\pm 0.047 \\;{\\rm GeV}/c^2$$, where each uncertainty includes both statistical and systematic contributions. Comparison with the results of the D0 collaboration are presented.« less

Regional cardiac function analysis from tagged MRI images. Comparison of techniques: Harmonic-Phase (HARP) versus Sinusoidal-Modeling (SinMod) analysis.

PubMed

Ibrahim, El-Sayed H; Stojanovska, Jadranka; Hassanein, Azza; Duvernoy, Claire; Croisille, Pierre; Pop-Busui, Rodica; Swanson, Scott D

2018-05-16

Cardiac MRI tagging is a valuable technique for evaluating regional heart function. Currently, there are a number of different techniques for analyzing the tagged images. Specifically, k-space-based analysis techniques showed to be much faster than image-based techniques, where harmonic-phase (HARP) and sine-wave modeling (SinMod) stand as two famous techniques of the former group, which are frequently used in clinical studies. In this study, we compared HARP and SinMod and studied inter-observer variability between the two techniques for evaluating myocardial strain and apical-to-base torsion in numerical phantom, nine healthy controls, and thirty diabetic patients. Based on the ground-truth numerical phantom measurements (strain = -20% and rotation angle = -4.4°), HARP and SinMod resulted in overestimation (in absolute value terms) of strain by 1% and 5% (strain values), and of rotation angle by 0.4° and 2.0°, respectively. For the in-vivo results, global strain and torsion ranges were -10.6 to -35.3% and 1.8-12.7°/cm in patients, and -17.8 to -32.7% and 1.8-12.3°/cm in volunteers. On average, SinMod overestimated strain measurements by 5.7% and 5.9% (strain values) in the patients and volunteers, respectively, compared to HARP, and overestimated torsion measurements by 2.9°/cm and 2.5°/cm in the patients and volunteers, respectively, compared to HARP. Location-wise, the ranges for basal, mid-ventricular, and apical strain in patients (volunteers) were -8.4 to -31.5% (-11.6 to -33.3%), -6.3 to -37.2% (-17.8 to -33.3%), and -5.2 to -38.4% (-20.0 to -33.2%), respectively. SinMod overestimated strain in the basal, mid-ventricular, and apical slices by 4.7% (5.7%), 5.9% (5.5%), and 8.9% (6.8%), respectively, compared to HARP in the patients (volunteers). Nevertheless, there existed good correlation between the HARP and SinMod measurements. Finally, there were no significant strain or torsion measurement differences between patients and volunteers. There existed good inter-observer agreement, as all measurement differences lied within the Bland-Altman ± 2 standard-deviation (SD) difference limits. In conclusion, despite the consistency of the results by either HARP or SinMod and acceptable agreement of the generated strain and torsion patterns by both techniques, SinMod systematically overestimated the measurements compared to HARP. Under current operating conditions, the measurements from HARP and SinMod cannot be used interchangeably. Copyright © 2017. Published by Elsevier Inc.

NORM2L: An Interactive Computer Program for Acoustic Normal Mode Calculations for the Pekeris Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-12-01

SIN (ZS*GM1) *ANM(I) ALOSS=EXP (-ATN (I )*R) IF(ZR.GT.H) GO TO 6 UNR =SIN k’ZR*GM1) *ANM(I) GO TO 6 6 GM2 = SQRT (AKM(I)**2-AK2**2) UNR =1./ RHORAT*ANM...I)*EXP(-(ZR-H)* GM2 ) *SIN (GM1’H) 8 SUMR =SUMR + UNS*UNR*ALOSS*REAL(HK) SUMI =SUMI + UNS*UNR*ALOSS*AIMAG(HK) TERMz (UNS*UNR*ALOSS ) *HK COHI=TERM

Distributed Digital Subarray Antennas

DTIC Science & Technology

2013-12-01

subarrays in space).  Linear, planar, volumetric.  Periodic, aperiodic or random.  Rotation and tilt relative to a global reference. Based on the...sm N , and ( ), ( ), ( )s s sx m y m z m  coordinates of subarray m in the global system. The subarrays can be rotated and tilted with respect...to the global origin. In the global system ( , )  the direction cosines are sin cos sin sin cos . u v w         (1) The scan

Spine Instability Neoplastic Score: agreement across different medical and surgical specialties.

PubMed

Arana, Estanislao; Kovacs, Francisco M; Royuela, Ana; Asenjo, Beatriz; Pérez-Ramírez, Úrsula; Zamora, Javier

2016-05-01

Spinal instability is an acknowledged complication of spinal metastases; in spite of recent suggested criteria, it is not clearly defined in the literature. This study aimed to assess intra and interobserver agreement when using the Spine Instability Neoplastic Score (SINS) by all physicians involved in its management. Independent multicenter reliability study for the recently created SINS, undertaken with a panel of medical oncologists, neurosurgeons, radiologists, orthopedic surgeons, and radiation oncologists, was carried out. Ninety patients with biopsy-proven spinal metastases and magnetic resonance imaging, reviewed at the multidisciplinary tumor board of our institution, were included. Intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was used for SINS score agreement. Fleiss kappa statistic was used to assess agreement on the location of the most affected vertebral level; agreement on the SINS category ("stable," "potentially stable," or "unstable"); and overall agreement with the classification established by tumor board. Clinical data and imaging were provided to 83 specialists in 44 hospitals across 14 Spanish regions. No assessment criteria were pre-established. Each clinician assessed the SINS score twice, with a minimum 6-week interval. Clinicians were blinded to assessments made by other specialists and to their own previous assessment. Subgroup analyses were performed by clinicians' specialty, experience (≤7, 8-13, ≥14 years), and hospital category (four levels according to size and complexity). This study was supported by Kovacs Foundation. Intra and interobserver agreement on the location of the most affected levels was "almost perfect" (κ>0.94). Intra-observer agreement on the SINS score was "excellent" (ICC=0.77), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (ICC=0.55). Intra-observer agreement in SINS category was "substantial" (k=0.61), whereas interobserver agreement was "moderate" (k=0.42). Overall agreement with the tumor board classification was "substantial" (κ=0.61). Results were similar across specialties, years of experience, and hospital category. Agreement on the assessment of metastatic spine instability is moderate. The SINS can help improve communication among clinicians in oncology care. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Assessment of Functional Hearing in Greek-Speaking Children Diagnosed with Central Auditory Processing Disorder.

PubMed

Sidiras, Chris; Iliadou, Vasiliki Vivian; Chermak, Gail D; Nimatoudis, Ioannis

2016-05-01

Including speech recognition in noise testing in audiological evaluations may reveal functional hearing deficits that may otherwise remain undetected. The current study explored the potential utility of the Speech-in-Babble (SinB) test in the assessment of central auditory processing disorder (CAPD) in young children for whom diagnosis is challenging. A cross-sectional analysis. Forty-one Greek children 4-13 yr of age diagnosed with CAPD and exhibiting listening and academic problems (clinical group) and 20 age-matched controls with no listening or academic problems participated in the study. All participants' auditory processing was assessed using the same tests and instrumentation in a sound-treated room. Two equivalent lists of the SinB test, developed at the Psychoacoustic Laboratory of the Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, were administered monaurally in a counterbalanced order. SinB consists of lists of 50 phonetically balanced disyllabic words presented in background multitalker babble. Five signal-to-noise ratios (SNRs) were used in a fixed order. The children were instructed to repeat the word after each presentation. The SNR at which the child achieved 50% correct word identification served as the dependent variable or outcome measure, with higher SinB scores (measured in SNR dB) corresponding to poorer performance. SinB performance was better (lower SNR) for the normal control group versus the clinical group [F(1,35) = 43.03, p < 0.0001]. SinB inversely correlated with age for both CAPD and control groups (r = -0.648, p < 0.001 and r = -0.658, p < 0.005, respectively). Regression analysis revealed that linear models better explained the variance in the data than a quadratic model for both the control and CAPD groups. The slope (beta value of the linear model) was steeper for the clinical group compared to the control group (beta = -0.306 versus beta = -0.130, respectively). An analysis of covariance run with age as the covariate to assess the potential effect of comorbidity on SinB performance in children with CAPD with and without comorbid conditions revealed no significant differences between groups [F(1,38) = 0.149, p > 0.05]. This study offers the first detailed presentation of the performance of Greek children on a Greek language SinB test. The main finding is that SinB scores improved as a function of age in a constant manner as represented by the slope of the linear regression line for both CAPD and control groups. Results suggest that this speech recognition in competition test holds promise for differentiating typically developing Greek children from those children with CAPD across the age range studied here (4-13 yr). The SinB seemed rather immune to the presence of comorbid conditions presented by some of the children in this study, suggesting its potential utility as a valid measure of central auditory processing. While there are many speech-in-noise or competition tests in English, there are fewer in other languages. Tests like the SinB should be developed in other languages to ensure that children demonstrating "listening" problems can be properly evaluated. American Academy of Audiology.

A SINS/SRS/GNS Autonomous Integrated Navigation System Based on Spectral Redshift Velocity Measurements

PubMed Central

Wei, Wenhui; Gao, Zhaohui; Gao, Shesheng; Jia, Ke

2018-01-01

In order to meet the requirements of autonomy and reliability for the navigation system, combined with the method of measuring speed by using the spectral redshift information of the natural celestial bodies, a new scheme, consisting of Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS)/Spectral Redshift (SRS)/Geomagnetic Navigation System (GNS), is designed for autonomous integrated navigation systems. The principle of this SINS/SRS/GNS autonomous integrated navigation system is explored, and the corresponding mathematical model is established. Furthermore, a robust adaptive central difference particle filtering algorithm is proposed for this autonomous integrated navigation system. The simulation experiments are conducted and the results show that the designed SINS/SRS/GNS autonomous integrated navigation system possesses good autonomy, strong robustness and high reliability, thus providing a new solution for autonomous navigation technology. PMID:29642549

A Novel Robust H∞ Filter Based on Krein Space Theory in the SINS/CNS Attitude Reference System.

PubMed

Yu, Fei; Lv, Chongyang; Dong, Qianhui

2016-03-18

Owing to their numerous merits, such as compact, autonomous and independence, the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and celestial navigation system (CNS) can be used in marine applications. What is more, due to the complementary navigation information obtained from two different kinds of sensors, the accuracy of the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system can be enhanced availably. Thus, the SINS/CNS system is widely used in the marine navigation field. However, the CNS is easily interfered with by the surroundings, which will lead to the output being discontinuous. Thus, the uncertainty problem caused by the lost measurement will reduce the system accuracy. In this paper, a robust H∞ filter based on the Krein space theory is proposed. The Krein space theory is introduced firstly, and then, the linear state and observation models of the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system are established reasonably. By taking the uncertainty problem into account, in this paper, a new robust H∞ filter is proposed to improve the robustness of the integrated system. At last, this new robust filter based on the Krein space theory is estimated by numerical simulations and actual experiments. Additionally, the simulation and experiment results and analysis show that the attitude errors can be reduced by utilizing the proposed robust filter effectively when the measurements are missing discontinuous. Compared to the traditional Kalman filter (KF) method, the accuracy of the SINS/CNS integrated system is improved, verifying the robustness and the availability of the proposed robust H∞ filter.

SinEx DB: a database for single exon coding sequences in mammalian genomes.

PubMed

Jorquera, Roddy; Ortiz, Rodrigo; Ossandon, F; Cárdenas, Juan Pablo; Sepúlveda, Rene; González, Carolina; Holmes, David S

2016-01-01

Eukaryotic genes are typically interrupted by intragenic, noncoding sequences termed introns. However, some genes lack introns in their coding sequence (CDS) and are generally known as 'single exon genes' (SEGs). In this work, a SEG is defined as a nuclear, protein-coding gene that lacks introns in its CDS. Whereas, many public databases of Eukaryotic multi-exon genes are available, there are only two specialized databases for SEGs. The present work addresses the need for a more extensive and diverse database by creating SinEx DB, a publicly available, searchable database of predicted SEGs from 10 completely sequenced mammalian genomes including human. SinEx DB houses the DNA and protein sequence information of these SEGs and includes their functional predictions (KOG) and the relative distribution of these functions within species. The information is stored in a relational database built with My SQL Server 5.1.33 and the complete dataset of SEG sequences and their functional predictions are available for downloading. SinEx DB can be interrogated by: (i) a browsable phylogenetic schema, (ii) carrying out BLAST searches to the in-house SinEx DB of SEGs and (iii) via an advanced search mode in which the database can be searched by key words and any combination of searches by species and predicted functions. SinEx DB provides a rich source of information for advancing our understanding of the evolution and function of SEGs.Database URL: www.sinex.cl. © The Author(s) 2016. Published by Oxford University Press.

Constraints on the Obliquities of Kepler Planet-hosting Stars

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Winn, Joshua N.; Petigura, Erik A.; Morton, Timothy D.; Weiss, Lauren M.; Dai, Fei; Schlaufman, Kevin C.; Howard, Andrew W.; Isaacson, Howard; Marcy, Geoffrey W.; Justesen, Anders Bo; Albrecht, Simon

2017-12-01

Stars with hot Jupiters have obliquities ranging from 0° to 180°, but relatively little is known about the obliquities of stars with smaller planets. Using data from the California-Kepler Survey, we investigate the obliquities of stars with planets spanning a wide range of sizes, most of which are smaller than Neptune. First, we identify 156 planet hosts for which measurements of the projected rotation velocity (v\\sin i) and rotation period are both available. By combining estimates of v and v\\sin i, we find nearly all the stars to be compatible with high inclination, and hence, low obliquity (≲20°). Second, we focus on a sample of 159 hot stars ({T}{eff}> 6000 K) for which v\\sin i is available but not necessarily the rotation period. We find six stars for which v\\sin i is anomalously low, an indicator of high obliquity. Half of these have hot Jupiters, even though only 3% of the stars that were searched have hot Jupiters. We also compare the v\\sin i distribution of the hot stars with planets to that of 83 control stars selected without prior knowledge of planets. The mean v\\sin i of the control stars is lower than that of the planet hosts by a factor of approximately π /4, as one would expect if the planet hosts have low obliquities. All these findings suggest that the Kepler planet-hosting stars generally have low obliquities, with the exception of hot stars with hot Jupiters.

Development of an Accessible Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (A-CASI) to Screen for Abuse and Provide Safety Strategies for Women with Disabilities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Oschwald, Mary; Renker, Paula; Hughes, Rosemary B.; Arthur, Anne; Powers, Laurie E.; Curry, Mary Ann

2009-01-01

To increase safety and minimize the risk of interpersonal violence, it is critical that women with disabilities and Deaf women have an opportunity to identify whether or not abuse is happening in their lives. Awareness and knowledge of what constitutes abusive behaviors is an essential first step in addressing interpersonal violence. This article…

Differences in the Prevalence, Severity and Symptom Profiles of Depression in Boys and Adolescents with an Autism Spectrum Disorder versus Normally Developing Controls

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Bitsika, Vicki; Sharpley, Christopher F.

2015-01-01

The prevalence, severity and symptom profiles for major depressive disorder (MDD) were compared in samples of boys and adolescents with and without an autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Self-reports were obtained on the Depression subscale of the Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI-D) with 70 ASD and 50 non-ASD male participants between the…

Detection of Spatially Unresolved (Nominally Sub-Pixel) Submerged and Surface Targets Using Hyperspectral Data

DTIC Science & Technology

2012-09-01

Feasibility (MT Modeling ) a. Continuum of mixture distributions interpolated b. Mixture infeasibilities calculated for each pixel c. Valid detections...Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer BRDF Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function CASI Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager CCD...filtering (MTMF), and was designed by Healey and Slater (1999) to use “a physical model to generate the set of sensor spectra for a target that will be

Midlife C-reactive protein and risk of cognitive decline: a 31-year follow-up.

PubMed

Laurin, Danielle; David Curb, J; Masaki, Kamal H; White, Lon R; Launer, Lenore J

2009-11-01

There is evidence for a relationship between raised inflammatory markers, including high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), measured late in life, and an increased risk of cognitive decline and dementia. This study evaluates the association of midlife hs-CRP concentrations with late-life longitudinal trends in cognitive function. Data are from the Honolulu-Asia Aging Study (HAAS), a longitudinal community-based study of Japanese American men. hs-CRP levels were measured on average 25 years before cognitive testing began in 1991. Subjects were followed from up to three follow-up examinations (mean of 6.1 years). At each exam, cognitive function was measured with the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). This analysis includes a sub-sample of 691 subjects dementia-free in 1991. With incident dementia cases included, those with the highest quartile of hs-CRP had significantly more cognitive decline than those in the lowest quartile, after adjustment for baseline CASI score, demographic and cardiovascular risk factors. When cases were removed, there was no difference in cognitive decline by CRP quartile. This relationship was not modified by the presence of apolipoprotein E varepsilon4. These findings suggest that inflammatory mechanisms during midlife may reflect underlying processes contributing to dementia-related cognitive decline late in life.

Computer Supported Indexing: A History and Evaluation of NASA's MAI System

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Silvester, June P.

1997-01-01

Computer supported or machine aided indexing (MAI) can be categorized in multiple ways. The system used by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA's) Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI) is described as semantic and computational. It's based on the co-occurrence of domain-specific terminology in parts of a sentence, and the probability that an indexer will assign a particular index term when a given word or phrase is encountered in text. The NASA CASI system is run on demand by the indexer and responds in 3 to 9 seconds with a list of suggested, authorized terms. The system was originally based on a syntactic system used in the late 1970's by the Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC). The NASA mainframe-supported system consists of three components: two programs and a knowledge base (KB). The evolution of the system is described and flow charts illustrate the MAI procedures. Tests used to evaluate NASA's MAI system were limited to those that would not slow production. A very early test indicated that MAI saved about 3 minutes and provided several additional terms for each document indexed. It also was determined that time and other resources spent in careful construction of the KB pay off with high-quality output and indexer acceptance of MAI results.

CASIS Fact Sheet: Hardware and Facilities

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Solomon, Michael R.; Romero, Vergel

2016-01-01

Vencore is a proven information solutions, engineering, and analytics company that helps our customers solve their most complex challenges. For more than 40 years, we have designed, developed and delivered mission-critical solutions as our customers' trusted partner. The Engineering Services Contract, or ESC, provides engineering and design services to the NASA organizations engaged in development of new technologies at the Kennedy Space Center. Vencore is the ESC prime contractor, with teammates that include Stinger Ghaffarian Technologies, Sierra Lobo, Nelson Engineering, EASi, and Craig Technologies. The Vencore team designs and develops systems and equipment to be used for the processing of space launch vehicles, spacecraft, and payloads. We perform flight systems engineering for spaceflight hardware and software; develop technologies that serve NASA's mission requirements and operations needs for the future. Our Flight Payload Support (FPS) team at Kennedy Space Center (KSC) provides engineering, development, and certification services as well as payload integration and management services to NASA and commercial customers. Our main objective is to assist principal investigators (PIs) integrate their science experiments into payload hardware for research aboard the International Space Station (ISS), commercial spacecraft, suborbital vehicles, parabolic flight aircrafts, and ground-based studies. Vencore's FPS team is AS9100 certified and a recognized implementation partner for the Center for Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS

Determining the Publication Impact of a Digital Library

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Kaplan, Nancy R.; Nelson, Michael L.

2000-01-01

We attempt to assess the publication impact of a digital library (DL) of aerospace scientific and technical information (STI). The Langley Technical Report Server (LTRS) is a digital library of over 1,400 electronic publications authored by NASA Langley Research Center personnel or contractors and has been available in its current World Wide Web (WWW) form since 1994. In this study, we examine calendar year 1997 usage statistics of LTRS and the Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), a facility that archives and distributes hard copies of NASA and aerospace information. We also perform a citation analysis on some of the top publications distributed by LTRS. We find that although LTRS distributes over 71,000 copies of publications (compared with an estimated 24,000 copies from CASI), citation analysis indicates that LTRS has almost no measurable publication impact. We discuss the caveats of our investigation, speculate on possible different models of usage facilitated by DLs , and suggest retrieval analysis as a complementary metric to citation analysis. While our investigation failed to establish a relationship between LTRS and increased citations and raises at least as many questions as it answers, we hope it will serve as a invitation to, and guide for, further research in the use of DLs.

Growth of InSb and InI Crystals on Earth and in Microgravity

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Ostrogorsky, A. G.; Churilov, A.; Volz, M. P.; Riabov, V.; Van den Berg, L.

2015-01-01

During the past 40 years, dozens of semiconductor crystal growth experiments have been conducted in space laboratories. The subsequent analysis of the space-grown crystals revealed (i) that weak convection existed in virtually all melt-growth experiments, (ii) de-wetting significantly reduced the level of stress-induced defects, and (iii) particularly encouraging results were obtained in vapor-growth experiments. In 2002, following a decade of ground based research in growing doped Ge and GaSb crystals, a series of crystal growth experiments was performed at the ISS, within the SUBSA (Solidification Using a Baffle in Sealed Ampoules) investigation. Te- and Zn-doped InSb crystals were grown from the melt. The specially designed furnace provided a side-view of the melt and precise seeding measurement of the growth rate. At present, under sponsorship of CASIS (Center for the Advancement of Science in Space, www.iss-casis.org), we are conducting ground-based experiments with indium mono-iodide (InI) in preparation for the "SUBSA II" ISS investigation, planned for 2017. The experiments include: i) Horizontal Bridgman (HB) growth and ii) Vapor Transport (VT) growth. Finite element modeling will also be conducted, to optimize the design of the flight ampoules, for vapor and melt growth.

Musician enhancement for speech-in-noise.

PubMed

Parbery-Clark, Alexandra; Skoe, Erika; Lam, Carrie; Kraus, Nina

2009-12-01

To investigate the effect of musical training on speech-in-noise (SIN) performance, a complex task requiring the integration of working memory and stream segregation as well as the detection of time-varying perceptual cues. Previous research has indicated that, in combination with lifelong experience with musical stream segregation, musicians have better auditory perceptual skills and working memory. It was hypothesized that musicians would benefit from these factors and perform better on speech perception in noise than age-matched nonmusician controls. The performance of 16 musicians and 15 nonmusicians was compared on clinical measures of speech perception in noise-QuickSIN and Hearing-In-Noise Test (HINT). Working memory capacity and frequency discrimination were also assessed. All participants had normal hearing and were between the ages of 19 and 31 yr. To be categorized as a musician, participants needed to have started musical training before the age of 7 yr, have 10 or more years of consistent musical experience, and have practiced more than three times weekly within the 3 yr before study enrollment. Nonmusicians were categorized by the failure to meet the musician criteria, along with not having received musical training within the 7 yr before the study. Musicians outperformed the nonmusicians on both QuickSIN and HINT, in addition to having more fine-grained frequency discrimination and better working memory. Years of consistent musical practice correlated positively with QuickSIN, working memory, and frequency discrimination but not HINT. The results also indicate that working memory and frequency discrimination are more important for QuickSIN than for HINT. Musical experience appears to enhance the ability to hear speech in challenging listening environments. Large group differences were found for QuickSIN, and the results also suggest that this enhancement is derived in part from musicians' enhanced working memory and frequency discrimination. For HINT, in which performance was not linked to frequency discrimination ability and was only moderately linked to working memory, musicians still performed significantly better than the nonmusicians. The group differences for HINT were evident in the most difficult condition in which the speech and noise were presented from the same location and not spatially segregated. Understanding which cognitive and psychoacoustic factors as well as which lifelong experiences contribute to SIN may lead to more effective remediation programs for clinical populations for whom SIN poses a particular perceptual challenge. These results provide further evidence for musical training transferring to nonmusical domains and highlight the importance of taking musical training into consideration when evaluating a person's SIN ability in a clinical setting.

Ring Laser Gyro G-Sensitive Misalignment Calibration in Linear Vibration Environments.

PubMed

Wang, Lin; Wu, Wenqi; Li, Geng; Pan, Xianfei; Yu, Ruihang

2018-02-16

The ring laser gyro (RLG) dither axis will bend and exhibit errors due to the specific forces acting on the instrument, which are known as g-sensitive misalignments of the gyros. The g-sensitive misalignments of the RLG triad will cause severe attitude error in vibration or maneuver environments where large-amplitude specific forces and angular rates coexist. However, g-sensitive misalignments are usually ignored when calibrating the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS). This paper proposes a novel method to calibrate the g-sensitive misalignments of an RLG triad in linear vibration environments. With the SINS is attached to a linear vibration bench through outer rubber dampers, rocking of the SINS can occur when the linear vibration is performed on the SINS. Therefore, linear vibration environments can be created to simulate the harsh environment during aircraft flight. By analyzing the mathematical model of g-sensitive misalignments, the relationship between attitude errors and specific forces as well as angular rates is established, whereby a calibration scheme with approximately optimal observations is designed. Vibration experiments are conducted to calibrate g-sensitive misalignments of the RLG triad. Vibration tests also show that SINS velocity error decreases significantly after g-sensitive misalignments compensation.

Original antigenic sin responses to influenza viruses.

PubMed

Kim, Jin Hyang; Skountzou, Ioanna; Compans, Richard; Jacob, Joshy

2009-09-01

Most immune responses follow Burnet's rule in that Ag recruits specific lymphocytes from a large repertoire and induces them to proliferate and differentiate into effector cells. However, the phenomenon of "original antigenic sin" stands out as a paradox to Burnet's rule of B cell engagement. Humans, upon infection with a novel influenza strain, produce Abs against older viral strains at the expense of responses to novel, protective antigenic determinants. This exacerbates the severity of the current infection. This blind spot of the immune system and the redirection of responses to the "original Ag" rather than to novel epitopes were described fifty years ago. Recent reports have questioned the existence of this phenomenon. Hence, we revisited this issue to determine the extent to which original antigenic sin is induced by variant influenza viruses. Using two related strains of influenza A virus, we show that original antigenic sin leads to a significant decrease in development of protective immunity and recall responses to the second virus. In addition, we show that sequential infection of mice with two live influenza virus strains leads to almost exclusive Ab responses to the first viral strain, suggesting that original antigenic sin could be a potential strategy by which variant influenza viruses subvert the immune system.

Local Observability Analysis of Star Sensor Installation Errors in a SINS/CNS Integration System for Near-Earth Flight Vehicles.

PubMed

Yang, Yanqiang; Zhang, Chunxi; Lu, Jiazhen

2017-01-16

Strapdown inertial navigation system/celestial navigation system (SINS/CNS) integrated navigation is a fully autonomous and high precision method, which has been widely used to improve the hitting accuracy and quick reaction capability of near-Earth flight vehicles. The installation errors between SINS and star sensors have been one of the main factors that restrict the actual accuracy of SINS/CNS. In this paper, an integration algorithm based on the star vector observations is derived considering the star sensor installation error. Then, the star sensor installation error is accurately estimated based on Kalman Filtering (KF). Meanwhile, a local observability analysis is performed on the rank of observability matrix obtained via linearization observation equation, and the observable conditions are presented and validated. The number of star vectors should be greater than or equal to 2, and the times of posture adjustment also should be greater than or equal to 2. Simulations indicate that the star sensor installation error could be readily observable based on the maneuvering condition; moreover, the attitude errors of SINS are less than 7 arc-seconds. This analysis method and conclusion are useful in the ballistic trajectory design of near-Earth flight vehicles.

The Sin3p PAH Domains Provide Separate Functions Repressing Meiotic Gene Transcription in Saccharomyces cerevisiae ▿

PubMed Central

Mallory, Michael J.; Law, Michael J.; Buckingham, Lela E.; Strich, Randy

2010-01-01

Meiotic genes in budding yeast are repressed during vegetative growth but are transiently induced during specific stages of meiosis. Sin3p represses the early meiotic gene (EMG) by bridging the DNA binding protein Ume6p to the histone deacetylase Rpd3p. Sin3p contains four paired amphipathic helix (PAH) domains, one of which (PAH3) is required for repressing several genes expressed during mitotic cell division. This report examines the roles of the PAH domains in mediating EMG repression during mitotic cell division and following meiotic induction. PAH2 and PAH3 are required for mitotic EMG repression, while electrophoretic mobility shift assays indicate that only PAH2 is required for stable Ume6p-promoter interaction. Unlike mitotic repression, reestablishing EMG repression following transient meiotic induction requires PAH3 and PAH4. In addition, the role of Sin3p in reestablishing repression is expanded to include additional loci that it does not control during vegetative growth. These findings indicate that mitotic and postinduction EMG repressions are mediated by two separate systems that utilize different Sin3p domains. PMID:20971827

Use of the piggyBac transposon to create stable packaging cell lines for the production of clinical-grade self-inactivating γ-retroviral vectors.

PubMed

Feldman, Steven A; Xu, Hui; Black, Mary A; Park, Tristen S; Robbins, Paul F; Kochenderfer, James N; Morgan, Richard A; Rosenberg, Steven A

2014-08-01

Efforts to improve the biosafety of γ-retroviral-mediated gene therapy have resulted in a shift toward the use of self-inactivating (SIN) γ-retroviral vectors. However, scale-up and manufacturing of such vectors requires significant optimization of transient transfection-based processes or development of novel platforms for the generation of stable producer cell clones. To that end, we describe the use of the piggybac transposon to generate stable producer cell clones for the production of SIN γ-retroviral vectors. The piggybac transposon is a universal tool allowing for the stable integration of SIN γ-retroviral constructs into murine (PG13) and human 293-based Phoenix (GALV and RD114, respectively) packaging cell lines without reverse transcription. Following transposition, a high-titer clone is selected for manufacture of a master cell bank and subsequent γ-retroviral vector supernatant production. Packaging cell clones created using the piggybac transposon have comparable titers to non-SIN vectors generated via conventional methods. We describe herein the use of the piggybac transposon for the production of stable packaging cell clones for the manufacture of clinical-grade SIN γ-retroviral vectors for ex vivo gene therapy clinical trials.

A robust and accurate center-frequency estimation (RACE) algorithm for improving motion estimation performance of SinMod on tagged cardiac MR images without known tagging parameters.

PubMed

Liu, Hong; Wang, Jie; Xu, Xiangyang; Song, Enmin; Wang, Qian; Jin, Renchao; Hung, Chih-Cheng; Fei, Baowei

2014-11-01

A robust and accurate center-frequency (CF) estimation (RACE) algorithm for improving the performance of the local sine-wave modeling (SinMod) method, which is a good motion estimation method for tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (MR) images, is proposed in this study. The RACE algorithm can automatically, effectively and efficiently produce a very appropriate CF estimate for the SinMod method, under the circumstance that the specified tagging parameters are unknown, on account of the following two key techniques: (1) the well-known mean-shift algorithm, which can provide accurate and rapid CF estimation; and (2) an original two-direction-combination strategy, which can further enhance the accuracy and robustness of CF estimation. Some other available CF estimation algorithms are brought out for comparison. Several validation approaches that can work on the real data without ground truths are specially designed. Experimental results on human body in vivo cardiac data demonstrate the significance of accurate CF estimation for SinMod, and validate the effectiveness of RACE in facilitating the motion estimation performance of SinMod. Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Influence of Surface Passivation on AlN Barrier Stress and Scattering Mechanism in Ultra-thin AlN/GaN Heterostructure Field-Effect Transistors.

PubMed

Lv, Y J; Song, X B; Wang, Y G; Fang, Y L; Feng, Z H

2016-12-01

Ultra-thin AlN/GaN heterostructure field-effect transistors (HFETs) with, and without, SiN passivation were fabricated by the same growth and device processes. Based on the measured DC characteristics, including the capacitance-voltage (C-V) and output current-voltage (I-V) curves, the variation of electron mobility with gate bias was found to be quite different for devices with, and without, SiN passivation. Although the AlN barrier layer is ultra thin (c. 3 nm), it was proved that SiN passivation induces no additional tensile stress and has no significant influence on the piezoelectric polarization of the AlN layer using Hall and Raman measurements. The SiN passivation was found to affect the surface properties, thereby increasing the electron density of the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) under the access region. The higher electron density in the access region after SiN passivation enhanced the electrostatic screening for the non-uniform distributed polarization charges, meaning that the polarization Coulomb field scattering has a weaker effect on the electron drift mobility in AlN/GaN-based devices.

Dopamine Dysfunction in DYT1 Dystonia

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-07-01

20mM Tris-Cl (pH 7.6), 137 mM NaCl, 0.1% Tween 20, the membranes were incubated overnight at 4°C with rabbit anti-tor- sinA antibody (1:500; Abcam...during the juvenile period to changes in tor- sinA expression or function. Another consideration is the potential compensatory effects of torsinB, which...Buckley AC, Burdette AJ, et al. (2010) Chemical enhancement of tor- sinA function in cell and animal models of torsion dystonia. Dis Model Mech 3: 386–396

On-line estimation and compensation of measurement delay in GPS/SINS integration

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Tao; Wang, Wei

2008-10-01

The chief aim of this paper is to propose a simple on-line estimation and compensation method of GPS/SINS measurement delay. The causes of time delay for GPS/SINS integration are analyzed in this paper. New Kalman filter state equations augmented by measurement delay and modified measurement equations are derived. Based on an open-loop Kalman filter, several simulations are run, results of which show that by the proposed method, the estimation and compensation error of measurement delay is below 0.1s.

The Aerodynamics of a Slightly Yawing Supersonic Cone

DTIC Science & Technology

1945-07-10

djB* v. Substituting from Bq . (18), A • . A ’ S* + A, K cos njrf + xj sin n*0 * v + 2-,.(yn cos ^ + *n sin "^ o o Tho terms that do...not -vanish idth e must caned,: slnco ü, v, and so forth, sat - isfy tho oquatiqaof motion rdth £ • 0.. This is, of courso, confirmed by Sq. (9\\ RE...explicitly in terms of quadra- tures. The usual integrating factor is - 1/üW- WJB sin 9, by Bq . (10), the constant of integration being irrelevant

Illness theodicies in the New Testament.

PubMed

Price, R M

1986-12-01

The New Testament writers advocate or at least mention six different religious explanations for the origin of sickness. First, Satan may thus victimize the innocent. Second, God may send sickness as a punishment for the sufferer's sins. Third, God may send sickness to punish one's parents' sins. Fourth, God may so punish one's own sins committed in a previous life. Fifth, God may inflict illness in order to show his power by subsequent healing. Sixth, God may inflict illness in order to show his power by sustaining the sufferer through the illness instead of healing it.

Defensive Practice as ‘Fear-Based’ Practice: Social Work's Open Secret?

PubMed Central

Whittaker, Andrew; Havard, Tirion

2016-01-01

Defensive practice has received attention through the Munro review of child protection, which has identified that current organisational cultures increase the likelihood of defensive practice. Whilst the wider socio-political climate that gives rise to defensive practice has been explored within the literature, little attention has been paid to the everyday realities of defensive practice. This paper reports the findings of a study into final year social work students' attitudes towards defensive practice within social work. Three focus groups were completed with a total of ninety final-year students that collected qualitative and quantitative data using interactive software. This paper examines how participants perceived defensive practice, both in general and when faced with real-life vignettes. Participants distinguished between pro-active behaviour (sins of commission) and passive behaviour (sins of omission), generally regarding the latter as less serious because it was less tangible and easier to attribute to more positive motives. Whilst the literature identifies defensive practice as deliberate behaviour, the focus group discussions suggest that it is a subtler and less conscious process. Whilst there was there was a general consensus about the nature of defensive practice, there was considerable disagreement about specific vignettes and several competing explanations are explored. PMID:27559220

Observation of Electron Neutrino Appearance in a Muon Neutrino Beam

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, K.; Adam, J.; Aihara, H.; Akiri, T.; Andreopoulos, C.; Aoki, S.; Ariga, A.; Ariga, T.; Assylbekov, S.; Autiero, D.; Barbi, M.; Barker, G. J.; Barr, G.; Bass, M.; Batkiewicz, M.; Bay, F.; Bentham, S. W.; Berardi, V.; Berger, B. E.; Berkman, S.; Bertram, I.; Bhadra, S.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Blondel, A.; Bojechko, C.; Bordoni, S.; Boyd, S. B.; Brailsford, D.; Bravar, A.; Bronner, C.; Buchanan, N.; Calland, R. G.; Caravaca Rodríguez, J.; Cartwright, S. L.; Castillo, R.; Catanesi, M. G.; Cervera, A.; Cherdack, D.; Christodoulou, G.; Clifton, A.; Coleman, J.; Coleman, S. J.; Collazuol, G.; Connolly, K.; Cremonesi, L.; Dabrowska, A.; Danko, I.; Das, R.; Davis, S.; de Perio, P.; De Rosa, G.; Dealtry, T.; Dennis, S. R.; Densham, C.; Di Lodovico, F.; Di Luise, S.; Drapier, O.; Duboyski, T.; Duffy, K.; Dufour, F.; Dumarchez, J.; Dytman, S.; Dziewiecki, M.; Emery, S.; Ereditato, A.; Escudero, L.; Finch, A. J.; Floetotto, L.; Friend, M.; Fujii, Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Furmanski, A. P.; Galymov, V.; Gaudin, A.; Giffin, S.; Giganti, C.; Gilje, K.; Goeldi, D.; Golan, T.; Gomez-Cadenas, J. J.; Gonin, M.; Grant, N.; Gudin, D.; Hadley, D. R.; Haesler, A.; Haigh, M. D.; Hamilton, P.; Hansen, D.; Hara, T.; Hartz, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Hastings, N. C.; Hayato, Y.; Hearty, C.; Helmer, R. L.; Hierholzer, M.; Hignight, J.; Hillairet, A.; Himmel, A.; Hiraki, T.; Hirota, S.; Holeczek, J.; Horikawa, S.; Huang, K.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Ieki, K.; Ieva, M.; Ikeda, M.; Imber, J.; Insler, J.; Irvine, T. J.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Ives, S. J.; Iyogi, K.; Izmaylov, A.; Jacob, A.; Jamieson, B.; Johnson, R. A.; Jo, J. H.; Jonsson, P.; Jung, C. K.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kajita, T.; Kakuno, H.; Kameda, J.; Kanazawa, Y.; Karlen, D.; Karpikov, I.; Kearns, E.; Khabibullin, M.; Khotjantsev, A.; Kielczewska, D.; Kikawa, T.; Kilinski, A.; Kim, J.; Kisiel, J.; Kitching, P.; Kobayashi, T.; Koch, L.; Kolaceke, A.; Konaka, A.; Kormos, L. L.; Korzenev, A.; Koseki, K.; Koshio, Y.; Kreslo, I.; Kropp, W.; Kubo, H.; Kudenko, Y.; Kumaratunga, S.; Kurjata, R.; Kutter, T.; Lagoda, J.; Laihem, K.; Lamont, I.; Laveder, M.; Lawe, M.; Lazos, M.; Lee, K. P.; Licciardi, C.; Lindner, T.; Lister, C.; Litchfield, R. P.; Longhin, A.; Ludovici, L.; Macaire, M.; Magaletti, L.; Mahn, K.; Malek, M.; Manly, S.; Marino, A. D.; Marteau, J.; Martin, J. F.; Maruyama, T.; Marzec, J.; Mathie, E. L.; Matveev, V.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Mazzucato, E.; McCarthy, M.; McCauley, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; Metelko, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Mijakowski, P.; Miller, C. A.; Minamino, A.; Mineev, O.; Mine, S.; Missert, A.; Miura, M.; Monfregola, L.; Moriyama, S.; Mueller, Th. A.; Murakami, A.; Murdoch, M.; Murphy, S.; Myslik, J.; Nagasaki, T.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakahata, M.; Nakai, T.; Nakamura, K.; Nakayama, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nakayoshi, K.; Naples, D.; Nielsen, C.; Nirkko, M.; Nishikawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; O'Keeffe, H. M.; Ohta, R.; Okumura, K.; Okusawa, T.; Oryszczak, W.; Oser, S. M.; Owen, R. A.; Oyama, Y.; Palladino, V.; Paolone, V.; Payne, D.; Pearce, G. F.; Perevozchikov, O.; Perkin, J. D.; Petrov, Y.; Pickard, L. J.; Pinzon Guerra, E. S.; Pistillo, C.; Plonski, P.; Poplawska, E.; Popov, B.; Posiadala, M.; Poutissou, J.-M.; Poutissou, R.; Przewlocki, P.; Quilain, B.; Radicioni, E.; Ratoff, P. N.; Ravonel, M.; Rayner, M. A. M.; Redij, A.; Reeves, M.; Reinherz-Aronis, E.; Retiere, F.; Robert, A.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Rojas, P.; Rondio, E.; Roth, S.; Rubbia, A.; Ruterbories, D.; Sacco, R.; Sakashita, K.; Sánchez, F.; Sato, F.; Scantamburlo, E.; Scholberg, K.; Schwehr, J.; Scott, M.; Seiya, Y.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiya, H.; Sgalaberna, D.; Shiozawa, M.; Short, S.; Shustrov, Y.; Sinclair, P.; Smith, B.; Smith, R. J.; Smy, M.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Sobel, H.; Sorel, M.; Southwell, L.; Stamoulis, P.; Steinmann, J.; Still, B.; Suda, Y.; Suzuki, A.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, S. Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Szeglowski, T.; Tacik, R.; Tada, M.; Takahashi, S.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tanaka, H. K.; Tanaka, H. A.; Tanaka, M. M.; Terhorst, D.; Terri, R.; Thompson, L. F.; Thorley, A.; Tobayama, S.; Toki, W.; Tomura, T.; Totsuka, Y.; Touramanis, C.; Tsukamoto, T.; Tzanov, M.; Uchida, Y.; Ueno, K.; Vacheret, A.; Vagins, M.; Vasseur, G.; Wachala, T.; Waldron, A. V.; Walter, C. W.; Wark, D.; Wascko, M. O.; Weber, A.; Wendell, R.; Wilkes, R. J.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, C.; Williamson, Z.; Wilson, J. R.; Wilson, R. J.; Wongjirad, T.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yanagisawa, C.; Yen, S.; Yershov, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Yuan, T.; Zalewska, A.; Zalipska, J.; Zambelli, L.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zito, M.; Żmuda, J.; T2K Collaboration

2014-02-01

The T2K experiment has observed electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam produced 295 km from the Super-Kamiokande detector with a peak energy of 0.6 GeV. A total of 28 electron neutrino events were detected with an energy distribution consistent with an appearance signal, corresponding to a significance of 7.3σ when compared to 4.92±0.55 expected background events. In the Pontecorvo-Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata mixing model, the electron neutrino appearance signal depends on several parameters including three mixing angles θ12, θ23, θ13, a mass difference Δm322 and a CP violating phase δCP. In this neutrino oscillation scenario, assuming |Δm322|=2.4×10-3 eV2, sin2θ23=0.5, and Δm322>0 (Δm322<0), a best-fit value of sin22θ13=0.140-0.032+0.038 (0.170-0.037+0.045) is obtained at δCP=0. When combining the result with the current best knowledge of oscillation parameters including the world average value of θ13 from reactor experiments, some values of δCP are disfavored at the 90% C.L.

Rotation-Activity Correlations in K and M Dwarfs. I. Stellar Parameters and Compilations of v sin I and P/sin I for a Large Sample of Late-K and M Dwarfs

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.; Gebran, M.

2016-05-01

The reliable determination of rotation-activity correlations (RACs) depends on precise measurements of the following stellar parameters: T eff, parallax, radius, metallicity, and rotational speed v sin I. In this paper, our goal is to focus on the determination of these parameters for a sample of K and M dwarfs. In a future paper (Paper II), we will combine our rotational data with activity data in order to construct RACs. Here, we report on a determination of effective temperatures based on the (R-I) C color from the calibrations of Mann et al. and Kenyon & Hartmann for four samples of late-K, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars. We also determine stellar parameters (T eff, log(g), and [M/H]) using the principal component analysis-based inversion technique for a sample of 105 late-K dwarfs. We compile all effective temperatures from the literature for this sample. We determine empirical radius-[M/H] correlations in our stellar samples. This allows us to propose new effective temperatures, stellar radii, and metallicities for a large sample of 612 late-K and M dwarfs. Our mean radii agree well with those of Boyajian et al. We analyze HARPS and SOPHIE spectra of 105 late-K dwarfs, and we have detected v sin I in 92 stars. In combination with our previous v sin I measurements in M and K dwarfs, we now derive P/sin I measures for a sample of 418 K and M dwarfs. We investigate the distributions of P/sin I, and we show that they are different from one spectral subtype to another at a 99.9% confidence level. Based on observations available at Observatoire de Haute Provence and the European Southern Observatory databases and on Hipparcos parallax measurements.

Different Measures of Auditory and Visual Stroop Interference and Their Relationship to Speech Intelligibility in Noise

PubMed Central

Knight, Sarah; Heinrich, Antje

2017-01-01

Inhibition—the ability to suppress goal-irrelevant information—is thought to be an important cognitive skill in many situations, including speech-in-noise (SiN) perception. One way to measure inhibition is by means of Stroop tasks, in which one stimulus dimension must be named while a second, more prepotent dimension is ignored. The to-be-ignored dimension may be relevant or irrelevant to the target dimension, and the inhibition measure—Stroop interference (SI)—is calculated as the reaction time difference between the relevant and irrelevant conditions. Both SiN perception and inhibition are suggested to worsen with age, yet attempts to connect age-related declines in these two abilities have produced mixed results. We suggest that the inconsistencies between studies may be due to methodological issues surrounding the use of Stroop tasks. First, the relationship between SI and SiN perception may differ depending on the modality of the Stroop task; second, the traditional SI measure may not account for generalized slowing or sensory declines, and thus may not provide a pure interference measure. We investigated both claims in a group of 50 older adults, who performed two Stroop tasks (visual and auditory) and two SiN perception tasks. For each Stroop task, we calculated interference scores using both the traditional difference measure and methods designed to address its various problems, and compared the ability of these different scoring methods to predict SiN performance, alone and in combination with hearing sensitivity. Results from the two Stroop tasks were uncorrelated and had different relationships to SiN perception. Changing the scoring method altered the nature of the predictive relationship between Stroop scores and SiN perception, which was additionally influenced by hearing sensitivity. These findings raise questions about the extent to which different Stroop tasks and/or scoring methods measure the same aspect of cognition. They also highlight the importance of considering additional variables such as hearing ability when analyzing cognitive variables. PMID:28367129

DNA–PKcs–SIN1 complexation mediates low-dose X-ray irradiation (LDI)-induced Akt activation and osteoblast differentiation

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Xu, Yong; Fang, Shi-ji; Zhu, Li-juan

Highlights: • LDI increases ALP activity, promotes type I collagen (Col I)/Runx2 mRNA expression. • LDI induces DNA–PKcs activation, which is required for osteoblast differentiation. • Akt activation mediates LDI-induced ALP activity and Col I/Runx2 mRNA increase. • DNA–PKcs–SIN1 complexation mediates LDI-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation. • DNA–PKcs–SIN1 complexation is important for osteoblast differentiation. - Abstract: Low-dose irradiation (LDI) induces osteoblast differentiation, however the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. In this study, we explored the potential role of DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA–PKcs)–Akt signaling in LDI-induced osteoblast differentiation. We confirmed that LDI promoted mouse calvarial osteoblast differentiation, which wasmore » detected by increased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity as well as mRNA expression of type I collagen (Col I) and runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2). In mouse osteoblasts, LDI (1 Gy) induced phosphorylation of DNA–PKcs and Akt (mainly at Ser-473). The kinase inhibitors against DNA–PKcs (NU-7026 and NU-7441) or Akt (LY294002, perifosine and MK-2206), as well as partial depletion of DNA–PKcs or Akt1 by targeted-shRNA, dramatically inhibited LDI-induced Akt activation and mouse osteoblast differentiation. Further, siRNA-knockdown of SIN1, a key component of mTOR complex 2 (mTORC2), also inhibited LDI-induced Akt Ser-473 phosphorylation as well as ALP activity increase and Col I/Runx2 expression in mouse osteoblasts. Co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) assay results demonstrated that LDI-induced DNA–PKcs–SIN1 complexation, which was inhibited by NU-7441 or SIN1 siRNA-knockdown in mouse osteoblasts. In summary, our data suggest that DNA–PKcs–SIN1 complexation-mediated Akt activation (Ser-473 phosphorylation) is required for mouse osteoblast differentiation.« less

Protective effects of Lagerstroemia speciosa on 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1)-induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 pancreatic β cells.

PubMed

Song, Jia-Le; Zhao, Xin; Wang, Qiang; Zhang, Ting

2013-05-01

Reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced pancreatic β cell death affects insulin secretion and is important in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Lagerstroemia speciosa, a traditional folk medicine, has been used for t he prevention and treatment of diabetes. However, whether Lagerstroemia speciosa has a cytoprotective effect on pancreatic β cells remains to be elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the cytoprotective effects of hot water extracts from Lagerstroemia speciosa leaves (LWE) on 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1)-induced oxidative damage in Syrian hamster pancreatic insulinoma HIT-T15 cells. The HIT-T15 cells were first treated with SIN-1 (50 µM) for 24 h and then co-incubated with LWE for 48 h. SIN-1 significantly decreased HIT-T15 cell viability (P<0.05); however, LWE did not exert a significant cytotoxic effect and increased the viability of HIT-T15 cells in a dose‑dependent manner. To further investigate the protective effects of LWE on SIN-1‑induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 cells, the cellular levels of ROS, lipid peroxidation and endogenous antioxidant enzymes, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), were determined. LWE decreased the intracellular levels of ROS and lipid peroxidation, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes. These results suggest that LWE has a cytoprotective effect against SIN-1‑induced oxidative stress in HIT-T15 cells through the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, a decrease in ROS levels and an increase in antioxidant enzyme activity. In addition, LWE increased insulin secretion in SIN-1-treated HIT-T15 cells. Our results suggested that LWE were effective in the treatment of diabetes. Further studies are required to study the anti-diabetic molecular mechanism in a cell model.

ROTATION–ACTIVITY CORRELATIONS IN K AND M DWARFS. I. STELLAR PARAMETERS AND COMPILATIONS OF v sin i AND P /sin i FOR A LARGE SAMPLE OF LATE-K AND M DWARFS

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Houdebine, E. R.; Mullan, D. J.; Paletou, F.

The reliable determination of rotation–activity correlations (RACs) depends on precise measurements of the following stellar parameters: T {sub eff}, parallax, radius, metallicity, and rotational speed v sin i . In this paper, our goal is to focus on the determination of these parameters for a sample of K and M dwarfs. In a future paper (Paper II), we will combine our rotational data with activity data in order to construct RACs. Here, we report on a determination of effective temperatures based on the ( R – I ){sub C} color from the calibrations of Mann et al. and Kenyon andmore » Hartmann for four samples of late-K, dM2, dM3, and dM4 stars. We also determine stellar parameters ( T {sub eff}, log( g ), and [M/H]) using the principal component analysis–based inversion technique for a sample of 105 late-K dwarfs. We compile all effective temperatures from the literature for this sample. We determine empirical radius–[M/H] correlations in our stellar samples. This allows us to propose new effective temperatures, stellar radii, and metallicities for a large sample of 612 late-K and M dwarfs. Our mean radii agree well with those of Boyajian et al. We analyze HARPS and SOPHIE spectra of 105 late-K dwarfs, and we have detected v sin i in 92 stars. In combination with our previous v sin i measurements in M and K dwarfs, we now derive P /sin i measures for a sample of 418 K and M dwarfs. We investigate the distributions of P /sin i , and we show that they are different from one spectral subtype to another at a 99.9% confidence level.« less

The Sinuosity of Atmospheric Circulation over North America and its Relationship to Arctic Climate Change and Extreme Events

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vavrus, S. J.; Wang, F.; Martin, J. E.; Francis, J. A.

2015-12-01

Recent research has suggested a relationship between mid-latitude weather and Arctic amplification (AA) of global climate change via a slower and wavier extratropical circulation inducing more extreme events. To test this hypothesis and to quantify the waviness of the extratropical flow, we apply a novel application of the geomorphological concept of sinuosity (SIN) over greater North America. SIN is defined as the ratio of the curvilinear length of a geopotential height contour to the perimeter of its equivalent latitude, where the contour and the equivalent latitude enclose the same area. We use 500 hPa daily heights from reanalysis and model simulations to calculate past and future SIN. The circulation exhibits a distinct annual cycle of maximum SIN (waviness) in summer and a minimum in winter, inversely related to the annual cycle of zonal wind speed. Positive trends in SIN have emerged in recent decades during winter and summer at several latitude bands, generally collocated with negative trends in zonal wind speeds. High values of SIN coincide with many prominent extreme-weather events, including Superstorm Sandy. RCP8.5 simulations (2006-2100) project a dipole pattern of zonal wind changes that varies seasonally. In winter, AA causes inflated heights over the Arctic relative to mid-latitudes and an associated weakening (strengthening) of the westerlies north (south) of 40N. The AA signal in summer is strongest over upper-latitude land, promoting localized atmospheric ridging aloft with lighter westerlies to the south and stronger zonal winds to the north. The changes in wind speeds in both seasons are inversely correlated with SIN, indicating a wavier circulation where the flow weakens. In summer the lighter winds over much of the U. S. resemble circulation anomalies observed during extreme summer heat and drought. Such changes may be linked to enhanced heating of upper-latitude land surfaces caused by earlier snow melt during spring-summer.

Ultra-low noise TES bolometer arrays for SAFARI instrument on SPICA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khosropanah, P.; Suzuki, T.; Ridder, M. L.; Hijmering, R. A.; Akamatsu, H.; Gottardi, L.; van der Kuur, J.; Gao, J. R.; Jackson, B. D.

2016-07-01

SRON is developing ultra-low noise Transition Edge Sensors (TESs) based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN island with SiN legs for the SAFARI instrument aboard the SPICA mission. We successfully fabricated TESs with very narrow (0.5-0.7 μm) and thin (0.25 μm) SiN legs on different sizes of SiN islands using deep reactiveion etching process. The pixel size is 840x840 μm2 and there are variety of designs with and without optical absorbers. For TESs without absorbers, we measured electrical NEPs as low as <1x10-19 W/√Hz with response time of 0.3 ms and reached the phonon noise limit. Using TESs with absorbers, we quantified the darkness of our setup and confirmed a photon noise level of 2x10-19 W/√Hz.

Synchrotron Radiation Damage Mechanism of X-Ray Mask Membranes Irradiated in Helium Environment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Arakawa, Tomiyuki; Okuyama, Hiroshi; Okada, Koichi; Nagasawa, Hiroyuki; Syoki, Tsutomu; Yamaguchi, Yoh-ichi

1992-12-01

The mechanism of X-ray mask membrane displacement induced by synchrotron radiation (SR) has been discussed. Silicon nitride (SiN) and silicon carbide (SiC) membranes were irradiated by SR in a 1 atm helium ambient. SR-induced displacement for both membranes was 25-97 nm (σ). Oxygen concentration in both SiN and SiC was below 0.01 in O/Si atomic ratio. Although an increase in dangling bond density of SiN was observed, no remarkable increase in spin density was detected in SiC. Moreover, the most important finding was that thin oxides were grown on the membrane surface after SR irradiation. From these results, it is considered that the oxide growth on SiC membrane surfaces, and both the oxide growth and the increase of dangling bond density in SiN play an important role in the SR-induced displacement for the X-ray mask membranes.

Analysis of a novel device-level SINS/ACFSS deeply integrated navigation method

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Hao; Qin, Shiqiao; Wang, Xingshu; Jiang, Guangwen; Tan, Wenfeng; Wu, Wei

2017-02-01

The combination of the strap-down inertial navigation system(SINS) and the celestial navigation system(CNS) is one of the popular measures to constitute the integrated navigation system. A star sensor(SS) is used as a precise attitude determination device in CNS. To solve the problem that the star image obtained by SS is motion-blurred under dynamic conditions, the attitude-correlated frames(ACF) approach is presented and the star sensor which works based on ACF approach is named ACFSS. Depending on the ACF approach, a novel device-level SINS/ACFSS deeply integrated navigation method is proposed in this paper. Feedback to the ACF process from the error of the gyro is one of the typical characters of the SINS/CNS deeply integrated navigation method. Herein, simulation results have verified its validity and efficiency in improving the accuracy of gyro and it can be proved that this method is feasible.

Freedom in responsibility: a response.

PubMed

Waters, Brent

2005-08-01

This paper is a critical response to Elisabeth Gräb-Schmidt's article "Freedom in responsibility: On the relevance of 'sin' as hermeneutic guiding principle in bioethical decision making." Gräb-Schmidt's chief contention is that ethics begins with anthropology, and that moral responsibility is thereby grounded within a set of given limits. Freedom is distorted into sin when these limits are transgressed. My principal complaint is that her account of the relationship between freedom and sin is grounded in a tragic ontology. Alternatively, I contend that anthropology is grounded in Christology in which freedom is a gift of the Spirit. Consequently, sin is not so much tragic as it marks a refusal of humans to accept their divine election. The issues of human cloning and embryonic stem-cell research are used to exemplify what difference these respective differences might make in a process of moral deliberation.

Sin, suffering, and the need for the theological virtues.

PubMed

Jones, David Albert

2006-08-01

This article examines the account of the relationship between sin and suffering provided by J. L. A. Garcia in "Sin and Suffering in a Catholic Understanding of Medical Ethics," in this issue. Garcia draws on the (Roman) Catholic tradition and particularly on the thought of Thomas Aquinas, who remains an important resource for Catholic theology. Nevertheless, his interpretation of Thomas is open to criticism, both in terms of omissions and in terms of positive claims. Garcia includes those elements of Thomas that are purely philosophical, such as natural law and acquired virtue, but neglects the theological and infused virtues, the gifts and fruits of the Holy Spirit, and the beatitudes. These omissions distort his account of the Christian life so that he underplays both the radical problem posed by sin (and suffering), and the radical character of the ultimate solution: redemption in Christ through the grace of the Holy Spirit.

The original risk: overtheologizing ethics and undertheologizing sin.

PubMed

Müller, Denis

2007-01-01

The project of articulating a theological ethics on the basis of liturgical anthropology is bound to fail if the necessary consequence is that one has to quit the forum of critical modern rationality. The risk of Engelhardt's approach is to limit rationality to a narrow vision of reason. Sin is not to be understood as the negation of human holiness, but as the negation of divine holiness. The only way to renew theological ethics is to understand sin as the anthropological and ethical expression of the biblical message of the justification by faith only. Sin is therefore a secondary category, which can only by interpreted in light of the positive manifestation of liberation, justification, and grace. The central issue of Christian ethics is not ritual purity or morality, but experience, confession and recognition of our own injustice in our dealing with God and men.

Electron Neutrino Appearance in the MINOS Experiment

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Orchanian, Mhair-armen Hagop

2012-01-01

This thesis describes a search for v e appearance in the two-detector long-baseline MINOS neutrino experiment at Fermilab, based on a data set representing an exposure of 8.2×10 20 protons on the NuMI target. The analysis detailed herein represents an increase in sensitivity to the θ 13 mixing angle of approximately 25% over previous analyses, due to improvements in the event discriminant and fitting technique. Based on our observation, we constrain the value of θ 13 further, finding 2 sin 2θ 23 sin 2θ 13< 0.12(0.20) at the 90% confidence level for δ CP = 0 and themore » normal (inverted) neutrino mass hierarchy. The best-fit value is 2 sin 2θ 23 sin 2θ 13 = 0.041 +0.047 -0.031(0.079 +0.071 -0.053) under the same assumptions. We exclude the θ 13 = 0 hypothesis at the 89% confidence level.« less

Theoretical study of the electronic states of newly detected dications. Case of MgS2+ AND SiN2+

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khairat, Toufik; Salah, Mohammed; Marakchi, Khadija; Komiha, Najia

2017-08-01

The dications MgS2+ and SiN2+, experimentally observed by mass spectroscopy, are theoretically studied here. The potential energy curves of the electronic states of the two dications MgS2+ and SiN2+ are mapped and their spectroscopic parameters determined by analysis of the electronic, vibrational and rotational wave functions obtained by using complete active space self-consistent field (CASSCF) calculations, followed by the internally contracted multi-reference configuration interaction (MRCI)+Q associated with the AV5Z correlation consistent atomic orbitals basis sets. In the following, besides the characterization of the potential energy curves, excitation and dissociation energies, spectroscopic constants and a double-ionization spectra of MgS and SiN are determined using the transition moments values and Franck-Condon factors. The electronic ground states of the two dications appear to be of X3∑-nature for MgS2+ and X4∑- for SiN2+ and shows potential wells of about 1.20 eV and 1.40 eV, respectively. Several excited states of these doubly charged molecules also depicted here are slightly bound. The adiabatic double-ionization energies were deduced, at 21.4 eV and 18.4 eV, respectively, from the potential energy curves of the electronic ground states of the neutral and charged species. The neutral molecules, since involved, are also investigated here. From all these results, the experimental lines of the mass spectra of MgS and SiN could be partly assigned.

Outbreaks of health care-associated influenza-like illness in France: Impact of electronic notification.

PubMed

Munier-Marion, Elodie; Bénet, Thomas; Dananché, Cédric; Soing-Altach, Sophan; Maugat, Sylvie; Vaux, Sophie; Vanhems, Philippe

2017-11-01

Mandatory notification of health care-associated (HA) infections, including influenza-like illness (ILI) outbreaks, has been implemented in France since 2001. In 2012, the system moved to online electronic notification of HA infections (e-SIN). The objectives of this study are to describe ILI outbreak notifications to Santé publique France (SPF), the French national public health agency, and to evaluate the impact of notification dematerialization. All notifications of HA ILI outbreaks between July 2001 and June 2015 were included. Notifications before and after e-SIN implementation were compared regarding notification delay and information exhaustiveness. Overall, 506 HA ILI outbreaks were reported, accounting for 7,861 patients and health care professionals. Median delay between occurrence of the first case and notification was, respectively, 32 and 13 days before and after e-SIN utilization (P < .001). Information exhaustiveness was improved by electronic notification regarding HA status (8.5% of missing data before and 2.3% after e-SIN, P = .003), hypotheses of cause (25.4% of missing data before vs 8.0% after e-SIN, P < .001), and level of event control (23.7% of missing data before vs 7.5% after e-SIN, P < .001). HA influenza notifications, including HA ILI or influenza, to health authorities are essential to guide decisional instances and health care practices. Electronic notifications have improved the timeliness and quality of information transmitted. Copyright © 2017 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Transformation of a metaphor: semantic shift in a Cantonese term 'Chi Sin' denoting insanity.

PubMed

Ng, J Y W; Chen, E Y H

2015-03-01

The historical evolution of the existing terms used to describe insanity may be able to shed light on the formation of stigma towards psychosis patients. In Hong Kong, a widely used Cantonese term for insanity 'Chi Sin' provides a unique example because of its neutral original sense, as it literally means misconnection in a network circuit. We attempt to trace the origin and subsequent evolution of the term 'Chi Sin' from its early use to the present day to understand how local Hong Kong people have attached increasingly negative connotations to this scientific term since the mid-20th century. We sampled as many newspapers and magazines published in Hong Kong from 1939 to June 2014 as possible, and sampled 7 popular local movies from the 1950s and 1960s. We also searched all the newspapers published in Hong Kong, Macau, Taiwan, and Mainland China from January 1998 to June 2014, and searched several other local historical resources. In one early use of 'Chi Sin' in 1939, the term was only used in a technical sense to describe 'short circuiting'. We found that the development of the telephone system, the Strowger system, in Hong Kong is closely related to the evolution of the semantics of the term 'Chi Sin'. The original meaning of short circuitry of the term 'Chi Sin' is no longer used, and it has become a dead metaphor through repeated use with negative emotional connotations. This illustrates some of the factors facilitating the emergence of a metaphor with subsequent semantic drift.

A Novel Robust H∞ Filter Based on Krein Space Theory in the SINS/CNS Attitude Reference System

PubMed Central

Yu, Fei; Lv, Chongyang; Dong, Qianhui

2016-01-01

Owing to their numerous merits, such as compact, autonomous and independence, the strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and celestial navigation system (CNS) can be used in marine applications. What is more, due to the complementary navigation information obtained from two different kinds of sensors, the accuracy of the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system can be enhanced availably. Thus, the SINS/CNS system is widely used in the marine navigation field. However, the CNS is easily interfered with by the surroundings, which will lead to the output being discontinuous. Thus, the uncertainty problem caused by the lost measurement will reduce the system accuracy. In this paper, a robust H∞ filter based on the Krein space theory is proposed. The Krein space theory is introduced firstly, and then, the linear state and observation models of the SINS/CNS integrated navigation system are established reasonably. By taking the uncertainty problem into account, in this paper, a new robust H∞ filter is proposed to improve the robustness of the integrated system. At last, this new robust filter based on the Krein space theory is estimated by numerical simulations and actual experiments. Additionally, the simulation and experiment results and analysis show that the attitude errors can be reduced by utilizing the proposed robust filter effectively when the measurements are missing discontinuous. Compared to the traditional Kalman filter (KF) method, the accuracy of the SINS/CNS integrated system is improved, verifying the robustness and the availability of the proposed robust H∞ filter. PMID:26999153

High S/N Echelle spectroscopy in young stellar groups. II. Rotational velocities of early-type stars in SCO OB2.

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Brown, A. G. A.; Verschueren, W.

1997-03-01

We investigate the rotational velocities of early-type stars in the Sco OB2 association. We measure v.sin(i) for 156 established and probable members of the association. The measurements are performed with three different techniques, which are in increasing order of expected v.sin(i): 1) converting the widths of spectral lines directly to v.sin(i), 2) comparing artificially broadened spectra of low v.sin(i) stars to the target spectrum, 3) comparing the HeI λ4026 line profile to theoretical models. The sample is extended with literature data for 47 established members of Sco OB2. Analysis of the v.sin(i) distributions shows that there are no significant differences between the subgroups of Sco OB2. We find that members of the binary population of Sco OB2 on the whole rotate more slowly than the single stars. In addition, we find that the B7-B9 single star members rotate significantly faster than their B0-B6 counterparts. We test various hypotheses for the distribution of v.sin(i) in the association. The results show that we cannot clearly exclude any form of random distribution of the direction and/or magnitude of the intrinsic rotational velocity vector. We also investigate the effects of rotation on colours in the Walraven photometric system. We show that positions of B7-B9 single dwarfs above the main sequence are a consequence of rotation. This establishes the influence of rotation on the Walraven colours, due primarily to surface gravity effects.

48 CFR 538.7002 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2010 CFR

2010-10-01

..., regional, or tribal government, or any instrumentality thereof (including any local educational agency or... contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts. A listing of the participating... Consolidated Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts, is available...

Contribution to the search of binaries among Am stars. II. HD 81976 and HD 98880, double-lined spectroscopic binaries

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Carquillat, J.-M.; Ginestet, N.; Prieur, J.-L.

2001-04-01

We present the results of the observations of two Am stars of eighth magnitude, the double-lined spectroscopic binaries HD 81976 and HD 98880, carried out with the CORAVEL instrument at the Observatoire de Haute-Provence in order to determine their orbital elements. We found 1) for HD 81976: P = 5.655750 days, T = 2449785.941 HJD, omega = 341.4deg, e = 0.061, K1 = 61.68 km s-1, K2 = 63.84 km s-1, V0 = 19.85 km s-1, a1 sin i = 4.788 Gm, a2 sin i = 4.956 Gm, M1 sin 3 i = 0.5875 Msun, M2 sin 3 i = 0.5676 Msun, and 2) for HD 98880: P = 14.20783 days, T0 = 2448682.883 HJD (ascending node), e = 0., K1 = 42.47 km s-1, K2 = 49.16 km s-1, V0 = 2.40 km s-1, a1 sin i = 8.298 Gm, a2 sin i = 9.604 Gm, M1 sin 3 i = 0.6091 Msun, M2 sin 3 i = 0.5262 Msun. The first of these two systems, HD 81976, is formed by two quasi-identical stars, and the Hipparcos data (MV, B-V) are consistent with late A stars in effective temperature; it is likely that the components rotate synchronised with the orbital motion. A third body may be present in this system since (i) the orbit has a significant eccentricity despite its short period and (ii) the systemic velocity V0 shows a possible drift. For the second system, HD 98880, we give Delta mB 1.25 and we propose a simple model based upon Strömgren photometric indices and the HR theoretical diagram of Schaller et al (1992) in addition to orbital parameters and Hipparcos data: Teff = 7000 K, log 10 g = 4.0, M1 = 1.9 Msun, M2 = 1.6 Msun, log 10(age) = 9.12. The components do not rotate synchronously contrary to HD 81976. Both binaries appear to be detached systems without possibility of eclipses. Based on observations made at the Haute-Provence Observatory, France.

Spin-transistor action in waveguides with periodically modulated strength of the spin-orbit interaction

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vasilopoulos, P.; Wang, X. F.

2004-03-01

Spin-polarized electron transport through waveguides, in which the strength a of the spin-orbit interaction is varied periodically, is studied using the transfer-matrix technique. It is shown that the transmission T exhibits a spin-transistor action, as a function of a or of the length of one of the two subunits of the unit cell if only one mode is allowed to propagate in the waveguide. A similar but not periodic behavior is shown by T as a function of the elec-tron energy E. In a waveguide with only one segment, of strength a2 and length l2, comprised between two segments of strength a1, the total transmission, obtained as T=1/[cos2(D2*l2)+r*sin2(D2*l2)], shows a sinusoidal dependence. The spin-up (T+) and spin-down (T-) transmissions are given by T+=T cos2x and T-=T sin2x, where x is a measure of the spin precession. The total phase acquired by electrons in different branches during propagation is x=2[d1*(L-l2)+ d2*l2] with di=2m*a1/h2 and L the waveguide length. The transmission through a superlattice, with alternating segments of lengths l1, l2, and strengths a1, a2, is also a periodic function of aj and lj, j=1,2. As the strength a can be controlled by applying gates, the structure considered is a good candidate for the establishment of a realistic spin transistor.

Detection of alkali-silica reaction swelling in concrete by staining

DOEpatents

Guthrie, Jr., George D.; Carey, J. William

1998-01-01

A method using concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium cobaltinitrite and rhodamine B is described which can be used to identify concrete that contains gels formed by the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). These solutions present little health or environmental risk, are readily applied, and rapidly discriminate between two chemically distinct gels; K-rich, Na--K--Ca--Si gels are identified by yellow staining, and alkali-poor, Ca--Si gels are identified by pink staining.

Ethnicity and cognitive performance among older African Americans, Japanese Americans, and Caucasians: the role of education.

PubMed

Shadlen, M F; Larson, E B; Gibbons, L E; Rice, M M; McCormick, W C; Bowen, J; McCurry, S M; Graves, A B

2001-10-01

This cross-sectional analysis evaluated the association between ethnicity and cognitive performance and determined whether education modifies this association for nondemented older people (103 African Americans, 1,388 Japanese Americans, 2,306 Caucasians) in a study of dementia incidence. African Americans scored lower (median 89 out of 100) than Japanese Americans (93) and Caucasians (94) on the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). Education affected CA

Preventing Medication Errors in Ambulatory Care: The Importance of Establishing Regimen Concordance

DTIC Science & Technology

2005-05-01

primary language. We measured health literacy for English and Spanish speakers using the abbreviated version of the Test of Functional Health Literacy in...23 to 36.30 Because health literacy and patient recall may be influenced by unmeasured or undiagnosed cognitive deficits,31–33 we measured cognitive...gender, language, health literacy level, cognitive score (s-CASI ≤ 19), co-morbidity (3 or more co-existing co-morbid conditions), and complexity

Effects of open burning of rice straw on concentrations of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in central Taiwan.

PubMed

Chen, Kang-Shin; Wang, Hsin-Kai; Peng, Yen-Ping; Wang, Wen-Cheng; Chen, Chia-Hsiu; Lai, Chia-Hsiang

2008-10-01

The sizes and concentrations of 21 atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at Jhu-Shan (a rural site) and Sin-Gang (a town site) in central Taiwan in October and December 2005. Air samples were collected using semi-volatile sampling trains (PS-1 sampler) over 16 days for rice-straw burning and nonburning periods. These samples were then analyzed using a gas chromatograph with a flame-ionization detector (GC/FID). Particle-size distributions in the particulate phase show a bimode, peaking at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at the two sites during the nonburning period. During the burning period, peaks also appeared at 0.32-0.56 microm and 3.2-5.6 microm at Jhu-Shan, with the accumulation mode (particle size between 0.1 and 3.2 microm) accounting for approximately 74.1% of total particle mass. The peaks at 0.18-0.32 microm and 1.8-3.2 microm at Shin-Gang had an accumulation mode accounting for approximately 70.1% of total particle mass. The mass median diameter (MMD) of 3.99-4.35 microm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated increased numbers of coarse particles. The concentrations of total PAHs (sum of 21 gases + particles) at the Jhu-Shan site (Sin-Gang site) were 522.9 +/- 111.4 ng/ml (572.0 +/- 91.0 ng/ml) and 330.1 +/- 17.0 ng/ml (or 427.5 +/- 108.0 ng/ml) during burning and nonburning periods, respectively, accounting for a roughly 58% (or 34%) increase in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. On average, low-weight PAHs (about 87.0%) represent the largest proportion of total PAHs, followed by medium-weight PAHs (7.1%), and high-weight PAHs (5.9%). Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during nonburning periods. The results of principal component analysis (PCA)/absolute principal component scores (APCS) suggest that the primary pollution sources at the two sites are similar and include vehicle exhaust, coal/wood combustion, incense burning, and incineration emissions. Open burning of rice straw was estimated to contribute approximately 5.0-33.5% to the total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.

48 CFR 538.7002 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2014 CFR

2014-10-01

... contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts. A listing of the participating... Consolidated Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts, is available... institution of higher education). (c) Pub.L. 110-248, The Local Preparedness Acquisition Act, authorizes the...

48 CFR 538.7002 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2012 CFR

2012-10-01

... contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts. A listing of the participating... Consolidated Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts, is available... institution of higher education). (c) Pub.L. 110-248, The Local Preparedness Acquisition Act, authorizes the...

48 CFR 538.7002 - General.

Code of Federal Regulations, 2013 CFR

2013-10-01

... contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts. A listing of the participating... Consolidated Schedule contracts containing information technology SINs, and Schedule 84 contracts, is available... institution of higher education). (c) Pub.L. 110-248, The Local Preparedness Acquisition Act, authorizes the...

Verification of a Micro-Thrusting Model to Maintain Satellites in Low Orbit.

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-01

RND*DT*DT CL2PzAMOD(CL2P,6 .283185307179600) IF(CL2P)520, 530,530 520 CLZP=CL2P+6.Z831853071796D0 530 GZP =G1ZPm0T+GoZP H2PzHl2P*DT+H0ZP SINEG=SIN...EDLz.500NE2P*CLZIP*SIN (2.* GZP )+C8*CDSING+E2P*Cl*COS (S.*OZP)- 1 ETA3*D2 AID14.:SIN(CL2P) AID15zCOS(CLZP) ESLCE *AID14+EDL*AI0l5 ECLsC! *AID15

Isotropic plasma etching of Ge Si and SiN x films

DOE PAGES

Henry, Michael David; Douglas, Erica Ann

2016-08-31

This study reports on selective isotropic dry etching of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) Ge thin film, release layers using a Shibaura chemical downstream etcher (CDE) with NF 3 and Ar based plasma chemistry. Relative etch rates between Ge, Si and SiN x are described with etch rate reductions achieved by adjusting plasma chemistry with O 2. Formation of oxides reducing etch rates were measured for both Ge and Si, but nitrides or oxy-nitrides created using direct injection of NO into the process chamber were measured to increase Si and SiN x etch rates while retarding Ge etching.

Fabrication of high-quality superconductor-insulator-superconductor junctions on thin SiN membranes

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Garcia, Edouard; Jacobson, Brian R.; Hu, Qing

1993-01-01

We have successfully fabricated high-quality and high-current density superconductor-insulator-superconductor (SIS) junctions on freestanding thin silicon nitride (SIN) membranes. These devices can be used in a novel millimeter-wave and THz receiver system which is made using micromachining. The SIS junctions with planar antennas were fabricated first on a silicon wafer covered with a SiN membrane, the Si wafer underneath was then etched away using an anisotropic KOH etchant. The current-voltage characteristics of the SIS junctions remained unchanged after the whole process, and the junctions and the membrane survived thermal cycling.

Transactions of the Army Conference on Applied Mathematics and Computing (8th) Held in Ithaca, New York on 19-22 June 1990

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-02-01

Shamos, M I , "Computational Geometry", Ph.D Thesis , Department of Computer Science, Yale University, New Haven CT, 1978. [53] Steiglitz, K., An...431) whose real and imaginary parts are given by 222 mj cos OmJ + Az -mL cos 2 ML + MS Cos 2MS (432) mj sinO 0M cose OM = L sin aML cos ML + m S sin 9...Aequationes Math. 14, 1976, 271-291. 5. Greenwell, C.E., Finite element methods for partial integro-differential equations, Ph.D. Thesis , University of

The Control of Human Arm Movement: Models and Mechanical Constraints

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-06-01

joints o linear joint angle sensors These assumptions may be refined as needed (e.g., muscle geometry may be included), but such additional complexity... C +y (2.4) 26 where W_ = (a, a2 Y = (1 0 1 O )T, = , 9 and cos( o ’) cos(o4) cos(q1) sin( o ) sin(44) sin(01) C 1= (2.5) coS(qS) coS(02) coS(0b) The least...squares solution is o = (CTC)-1CT(-y). A unique solution is guaranteed provided that the columns of C are independent. Observe that the columns of C

Dynamics and Control of a Minimally Actuated Biomimetic Vehicle: Part 1 - Aerodynamic Model (Postprint)

DTIC Science & Technology

2009-08-01

B L     LW Downstroke rcp B LWD =     xWPcp sinα+∆x B L xWPcp sinφLW cosα− y WP cp cosφLW − w 2 xWPcp cosφLW cosα + y WP cp sinφLW +∆z B L...associated with each wing and stroke are given by MBRWU = rcp B RWU × FBRWU MBRWD = rcp B RWD × FBRWD MBLWU = rcp B LWU × FBLWU MBLWD = rcp B LWD × FBLWD (14

Local Observability Analysis of Star Sensor Installation Errors in a SINS/CNS Integration System for Near-Earth Flight Vehicles

PubMed Central

Yang, Yanqiang; Zhang, Chunxi; Lu, Jiazhen

2017-01-01

Strapdown inertial navigation system/celestial navigation system (SINS/CNS) integrated navigation is a fully autonomous and high precision method, which has been widely used to improve the hitting accuracy and quick reaction capability of near-Earth flight vehicles. The installation errors between SINS and star sensors have been one of the main factors that restrict the actual accuracy of SINS/CNS. In this paper, an integration algorithm based on the star vector observations is derived considering the star sensor installation error. Then, the star sensor installation error is accurately estimated based on Kalman Filtering (KF). Meanwhile, a local observability analysis is performed on the rank of observability matrix obtained via linearization observation equation, and the observable conditions are presented and validated. The number of star vectors should be greater than or equal to 2, and the times of posture adjustment also should be greater than or equal to 2. Simulations indicate that the star sensor installation error could be readily observable based on the maneuvering condition; moreover, the attitude errors of SINS are less than 7 arc-seconds. This analysis method and conclusion are useful in the ballistic trajectory design of near-Earth flight vehicles. PMID:28275211

Measurement of the Weak Mixing Angle in Moller Scattering

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Klejda, B.

2005-01-28

The weak mixing parameter, sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}, is one of the fundamental parameters of the Standard Model. Its tree-level value has been measured with high precision at energies near the Z{sup 0} pole; however, due to radiative corrections at the one-loop level, the value of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} is expected to change with the interaction energy. As a result, a measurement of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at low energy (Q{sup 2} << m{sub Z}, where Q{sup 2} is the momentum transfer and m{sub Z} is the Z boson mass), provides a test of the Standard Model at themore » one-loop level, and a probe for new physics beyond the Standard Model. One way of obtaining sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at low energy is from measuring the left-right, parity-violating asymmetry in electron-electron (Moeller) scattering: A{sub PV} = {sigma}{sub R}-{sigma}{sub L}/{sigma}{sub R}+{sigma}{sub L}, where {sigma}{sub R} and {sigma}{sub L} are the cross sections for right- and left-handed incident electrons, respectively. The parity violating asymmetry is proportional to the pseudo-scalar weak neutral current coupling in Moeller scattering, g{sub ee}. At tree level g{sub ee} = (1/4 -sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}). A precision measurement of the parity-violating asymmetry in Moeller scattering was performed by Experiment E158 at the Stanford Linear Accelerator Center (SLAC). During the experiment, {approx}50 GeV longitudinally polarized electrons scattered off unpolarized atomic electrons in a liquid hydrogen target, corresponding to an average momentum transfer Q{sup 2} {approx} 0.03 (GeV/c){sup 2}. The tree-level prediction for A{sub PV} at such energy is {approx}300 ppb. However one-loop radiative corrections reduce its value by {approx}40%. This document reports the E158 results from the 2002 data collection period. The parity-violating asymmetry was found to be A{sub PV} = -160 {+-} 21 (stat.) {+-} 17 (syst.) ppb, which represents the first observation of a parity-violating asymmetry in Moeller scattering. This value corresponds to a weak mixing angle at Q{sup 2} = 0.026 (GeV/c){sup 2} of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w{ovr MS}} = 0.2379 {+-} 0.0016 (stat.) {+-} 0.0013 (syst.), which is -0.3 standard deviations away from the Standard Model prediction: sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w{ovr MS}}{sup predicted} = 0.2385 {+-} 0.0006 (theory). The E158 measurement of sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w} at a precision of {delta}(sin{sup 2} {theta}{sub w}) = 0.0020 provides new physics sensitivity at the TeV scale.« less

Low-stress silicon nitride layers for MEMS applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Iliescu, Ciprian; Wei, Jiashen; Chen, Bangtao; Ong, Poh Lam; Tay, Francis E. H.

2006-12-01

The paper presents two deposition methods for generation of SiN x layers with "zero" residual stress in PECVD reactors: mixed frequency and high power in high frequency mode (13.56 MHz). Traditionally, mix frequency mode is commonly used to produce low stress SiN x layers, which alternatively applies the HF and LF mode. However, due to the low deposition rate of LF mode, the combined deposition rate of mix frequency is quite small in order to produce homogenous SiN x layers. In the second method, a high power which was up to 600 W has been used, may also produce low residual stress (0-20 MPa), with higher deposition rate (250 to 350 nm/min). The higher power not only leads to higher dissociation rates of gases which results in higher deposition rates, but also brings higher N bonding in the SiN x films and higher compressive stress from higher volume expansion of SiN x films, which compensates the tensile stress and produces low residual stress. In addition, the paper investigates the influence of other important parameters which have great impact to the residual stress and deposition rates, such as reactant gases flow rate and pressure. By using the final optimized recipe, masking layer for anisotropic wet etching in KOH and silicon nitride cantilever have been successfully fabricated based on the low stress SiN x layers. Moreover, nanoporous membrane with 400nm pores has also been fabricated and tested for cell culture. By cultivating the mouse D1 mesenchymal stem cells on top of the nanoporous membrane, the results showed that mouse D1 mesenchymal stem cells were able to grow well. This shows that the nanoporous membrane can be used as the platform for interfacing with living cells to become biocapsules for biomolecular separation.

Original antigenic sin: A comprehensive review.

PubMed

Vatti, Anup; Monsalve, Diana M; Pacheco, Yovana; Chang, Christopher; Anaya, Juan-Manuel; Gershwin, M Eric

2017-09-01

The concept of "original antigenic sin" was first proposed by Thomas Francis, Jr. in 1960. This phenomenon has the potential to rewrite what we understand about how the immune system responds to infections and its mechanistic implications on how vaccines should be designed. Antigenic sin has been demonstrated to occur in several infectious diseases in both animals and humans, including human influenza infection and dengue fever. The basis of "original antigenic sin" requires immunological memory, and our immune system ability to autocorrect. In the context of viral infections, it is expected that if we are exposed to a native strain of a pathogen, we should be able to mount a secondary immune response on subsequent exposure to the same pathogen. "Original antigenic sin" will not contradict this well-established immunological process, as long as the subsequent infectious antigen is identical to the original one. But "original antigenic sin" implies that when the epitope varies slightly, then the immune system relies on memory of the earlier infection, rather than mount another primary or secondary response to the new epitope which would allow faster and stronger responses. The result is that the immunological response may be inadequate against the new strain, because the immune system does not adapt and instead relies on its memory to mount a response. In the case of vaccines, if we only immunize to a single strain or epitope, and if that strain/epitope changes over time, then the immune system is unable to mount an accurate secondary response. In addition, depending of the first viral exposure the secondary immune response can result in an antibody-dependent enhancement of the disease or at the opposite, it could induce anergy. Both of them triggering loss of pathogen control and inducing aberrant clinical consequences. Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Nonprobability Web Surveys to Measure Sexual Behaviors and Attitudes in the General Population: A Comparison With a Probability Sample Interview Survey

PubMed Central

Burkill, Sarah; Couper, Mick P; Conrad, Frederick; Clifton, Soazig; Tanton, Clare; Phelps, Andrew; Datta, Jessica; Mercer, Catherine H; Sonnenberg, Pam; Prah, Philip; Mitchell, Kirstin R; Wellings, Kaye; Johnson, Anne M; Copas, Andrew J

2014-01-01

Background Nonprobability Web surveys using volunteer panels can provide a relatively cheap and quick alternative to traditional health and epidemiological surveys. However, concerns have been raised about their representativeness. Objective The aim was to compare results from different Web panels with a population-based probability sample survey (n=8969 aged 18-44 years) that used computer-assisted self-interview (CASI) for sensitive behaviors, the third British National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles (Natsal-3). Methods Natsal-3 questions were included on 4 nonprobability Web panel surveys (n=2000 to 2099), 2 using basic quotas based on age and sex, and 2 using modified quotas based on additional variables related to key estimates. Results for sociodemographic characteristics were compared with external benchmarks and for sexual behaviors and opinions with Natsal-3. Odds ratios (ORs) were used to express differences between the benchmark data and each survey for each variable of interest. A summary measure of survey performance was the average absolute OR across variables. Another summary measure was the number of key estimates for which the survey differed significantly (at the 5% level) from the benchmarks. Results For sociodemographic variables, the Web surveys were less representative of the general population than Natsal-3. For example, for men, the average absolute OR for Natsal-3 was 1.14, whereas for the Web surveys the average absolute ORs ranged from 1.86 to 2.30. For all Web surveys, approximately two-thirds of the key estimates of sexual behaviors were different from Natsal-3 and the average absolute ORs ranged from 1.32 to 1.98. Differences were appreciable even for questions asked by CASI in Natsal-3. No single Web survey performed consistently better than any other did. Modified quotas slightly improved results for men, but not for women. Conclusions Consistent with studies from other countries on less sensitive topics, volunteer Web panels provided appreciably biased estimates. The differences seen with Natsal-3 CASI questions, where mode effects may be similar, suggest a selection bias in the Web surveys. The use of more complex quotas may lead to some improvement, but many estimates are still likely to differ. Volunteer Web panels are not recommended if accurate prevalence estimates for the general population are a key objective. PMID:25488851

Application of Cement Science to Improved Wellbore Infrastructures Mileva Radonjic and Darko Kupresan Craft & Hawkins Department of Petroleum Engineering, Louisiana State University, USA Corresponding author: mileva@lsu.edu Key words: micro-annular gas flow, nano-properties of wellbore cements, micro-porosity

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Radonjic, M.

2015-12-01

Recent focus on carbon emission from cement industry inspired researchers to improve CSH properties by reducing Ca/Si ratio at the nanoscale, and lower porosity (permeability) of hydrated cement at micro scale. If implemented in wellbore cement technology, both of these efforts could provide advanced properties for wellbore infrastructure. These advancements would further reduce the issue of leaky wellbores in fluid injections, hydraulic fracturing and subsurface storage for existing operating wells. Numerous inadequately abandoned wells, however, pose more complex engineering problems, primarily due to the difficulty in locating fluid flow pathways along the wellbore structure. In order to appreciate the difficulty of this problem, we need to remind ourselves that: a typical 30,000-ft. wellbore with an average production casing of 8 inches in diameter can be presented in scale by a 6-m long human hair of 150 μm these structures are placed in the subsurface, often not just vertical in geometry but deviated close to 90° tangent where monitoring and remediation becomes demanding and if we consider that wellbore cement is not continuously placed along the wellbore and it is approximately 1/10 of a wellbore diameter, we can see that the properties of these materials demand application of nano-science and a different scale phenomena than perhaps previously acknowledged. The key concept behind Ca/Si reduction associated with improved mechanical properties is traditionally achieved chemically, by addition of supplemental cementitious materials. In our study we have tried to evaluate CSH alterations due to mechanically induced phase transformation. The data suggest that confined compression-extrusion of hydrated wellbore cement and the consequent propagation of pore water can change cement composition by dissolving and removing Ca, therefore reducing Ca/Si of cement phases. The advantage of this approach is that the process is less impacted by pressure/temperature oscillations found in subsurface conditions. In addition, we have proved experimentally, that even cement samples stored in corrosive environment for two years can successfully be treated and healed by confined compression of tubular expansion for purpose of microannular gas flow remediation.

Un nuevo estudio del cúmulo abierto Tr 14 en la región de Carina

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

García, B.; Malaroda, S.; Levato, H.; Morrell, N.

Presentamos nuevos datos espectroscópicos de 9 objetos entre los miembros más brillantes de Tr 14. Hemos medido un total de 80 nuevos espectrogramas para contribuir a la determinación de la real naturaleza de estos objetos desde el punto de vista de la duplicidad. Del nuevo material debemos concluir que la mayoría de las estrellas en la muestra son simples. Sin embargo existen algunos objetos cuyo seguimiento debe continuar ya que no nos es posible efectuar conclusiones definitivas con el presente material.

Optical and electrical characterization methods of plasma-induced damage in silicon nitride films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Kuyama, Tomohiro; Eriguchi, Koji

2018-06-01

We proposed evaluation methods of plasma-induced damage (PID) in silicon nitride (SiN) films. The formation of an oxide layer by air exposure was identified for damaged SiN films by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Bruggeman’s effective medium approximation was employed for an optical model consisting of damaged and undamaged layers, which is applicable to an in-line monitoring by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The optical thickness of the damaged layer — an oxidized layer — extended after plasma exposure, which was consistent with the results obtained by a diluted hydrofluoric acid (DHF) wet etching. The change in the conduction band edge of the damaged SiN films was presumed from two electrical techniques, i.e., current–voltage (I–V) measurement and time-dependent dielectric breakdown (TDDB) test with a constant voltage stress. The proposed techniques can be used for assigning the plasma-induced structural change in an SiN film widely used as an etch-protecting layer.

Back scattering involving embedded silicon nitride (SiN) nanoparticles for c-Si solar cells

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ghosh, Hemanta; Mitra, Suchismita; Siddiqui, M. S.; Saxena, A. K.; Chaudhuri, Partha; Saha, Hiranmay; Banerjee, Chandan

2018-04-01

A novel material, structure and method of synthesis for dielectric light trapping have been presented in this paper. First, the light scattering behaviour of silicon nitride nanoparticles have been theoretically studied in order to find the optimized size for dielectric back scattering by FDTD simulations from Lumerical Inc. The optical results have been used in electrical analysis and thereby, estimate the effect of nanoparticles on efficiency of the solar cells depending on substrate thickness. Experimentally, silicon nitride (SiN) nanoparticles have been formed using hydrogen plasma treatment on SiN layer deposited by Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapour Deposition (PECVD). The size and area coverage of the nanoparticles were controlled by varying the working pressure, power density and treatment duration. The nanoparticles were integrated with partial rear contact c-Si solar cells as dielectric back reflector structures for the light trapping in thin silicon solar cells. Experimental results revealed the increases of current density by 2.7% in presence of SiN nanoparticles.

Structure-activity relationships of neoechinulin A analogues with cytoprotection against peroxynitrite-induced PC12 cell death.

PubMed

Kimoto, Kuniaki; Aoki, Toshiaki; Shibata, Yasushi; Kamisuki, Shinji; Sugawara, Fumio; Kuramochi, Kouji; Nakazaki, Atsuo; Kobayashi, Susumu; Kuroiwa, Kenji; Watanabe, Nobuo; Arai, Takao

2007-10-01

Neoechinulin A, an alkaloid from Eurotium rubrum Hiji025, protected neuronal PC12 cells against cell death induced by peroxynitrite derived from SIN-1 (3-(4-morpholinyl)sydnonimine hydrochloride). In this study, we investigated the structure-activity relationships of neoechinulin A and a set of its analogues by using assays to measure anti-nitration and antioxidant activities and cytoprotection against SIN-1-induced PC12 cell death. The presence of the diketopiperazine ring was essential for both the antioxidant and anti-nitration activities of neoechinulin A derivatives. Nevertheless, a derivative lacking the diketopiperazine ring could still protect PC12 cells against SIN-1 cytotoxicity. An acyclic analogue completely lost the cytoprotective effect while retaining its antioxidant/anti-nitration activities. Pre-incubation of the cells with neoechinulin A for at least 12 hours was essential for the cells to gain SIN-1 resistance. These results suggest that neoechinulin A endows the cells with cytoprotection through a biological effect different from the apparent antioxidant/anti-nitration activities.

Atomic Layer Deposition of Wet-Etch Resistant Silicon Nitride Using Di(sec-butylamino)silane and N2 Plasma on Planar and 3D Substrate Topographies.

PubMed

Faraz, Tahsin; van Drunen, Maarten; Knoops, Harm C M; Mallikarjunan, Anupama; Buchanan, Iain; Hausmann, Dennis M; Henri, Jon; Kessels, Wilhelmus M M

2017-01-18

The advent of three-dimensional (3D) finFET transistors and emergence of novel memory technologies place stringent requirements on the processing of silicon nitride (SiN x ) films used for a variety of applications in device manufacturing. In many cases, a low temperature (<400 °C) deposition process is desired that yields high quality SiN x films that are etch resistant and also conformal when grown on 3D substrate topographies. In this work, we developed a novel plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) process for SiN x using a mono-aminosilane precursor, di(sec-butylamino)silane (DSBAS, SiH 3 N( s Bu) 2 ), and N 2 plasma. Material properties have been analyzed over a wide stage temperature range (100-500 °C) and compared with those obtained in our previous work for SiN x deposited using a bis-aminosilane precursor, bis(tert-butylamino)silane (BTBAS, SiH 2 (NH t Bu) 2 ), and N 2 plasma. Dense films (∼3.1 g/cm 3 ) with low C, O, and H contents at low substrate temperatures (<400 °C) were obtained on planar substrates for this process when compared to other processes reported in the literature. The developed process was also used for depositing SiN x films on high aspect ratio (4.5:1) 3D trench nanostructures to investigate film conformality and wet-etch resistance (in dilute hydrofluoric acid, HF/H 2 O = 1:100) relevant for state-of-the-art device architectures. Film conformality was below the desired levels of >95% and attributed to the combined role played by nitrogen plasma soft saturation, radical species recombination, and ion directionality during SiN x deposition on 3D substrates. Yet, very low wet-etch rates (WER ≤ 2 nm/min) were observed at the top, sidewall, and bottom trench regions of the most conformal film deposited at low substrate temperature (<400 °C), which confirmed that the process is applicable for depositing high quality SiN x films on both planar and 3D substrate topographies.

Making chaotic behavior in a damped linear harmonic oscillator

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Konishi, Keiji

2001-06-01

The present Letter proposes a simple control method which makes chaotic behavior in a damped linear harmonic oscillator. This method is a modified scheme proposed in paper by Wang and Chen (IEEE CAS-I 47 (2000) 410) which presents an anti-control method for making chaotic behavior in discrete-time linear systems. We provide a systematic procedure to design parameters and sampling period of a feedback controller. Furthermore, we show that our method works well on numerical simulations.

Detection of alkali-silica reaction swelling in concrete by staining

DOEpatents

Guthrie, G.D. Jr.; Carey, J.W.

1998-04-14

A method using concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium cobalt nitrite and rhodamine B is described which can be used to identify concrete that contains gels formed by the alkali-silica reaction (ASR). These solutions present little health or environmental risk, are readily applied, and rapidly discriminate between two chemically distinct gels; K-rich, Na-K-Ca-Si gels are identified by yellow staining, and alkali-poor, Ca-Si gels are identified by pink staining.

Scientific and Technical Reports, Articles, Papers, and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Turner, J. E. (Compiler)

2000-01-01

This document presents formal NASA technical reports, papers published in technical journals, and presentations by MSFC personnel in FY99. It also includes papers of MSFC contractors. All of the NASA series reports may be obtained from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), 7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320 The information in this report may be of value to the scientific and engineering community in determining what information has been published and what is available.

Riego y fertirriego

Treesearch

R. Kasten Dumroese; Thomas D. Landis; Kim M. Wilkinson

2012-01-01

El agua es el factor que más puede afectar el crecimiento y la sanidad de las plantas por sí solo. Es esencial para casi todos los procesos vegetales: la fotosíntesis, el transporte de nutrientes, el crecimiento y el desarrollo celular. De hecho, del 80 al 90% del peso de un plantín es agua, por lo cual el manejo del riego es una de las tareas más trascendentes dentro...

Co-synthesis and drug delivery properties of mesoporous hydroxyapatite-silica composites.

PubMed

Zhao, Y F; Loo, S C J; Ma, J

2009-06-01

In this work, mesoporous hydroxyapatite-silica (HA-silica) composite materials with four different Si:Ca:P ratios were sol-gel derived through self-assembly using triblock copolymer Pluronics P123 as template. The composition and mesoporous structure formed were characterized by X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy. The XRD patterns indicated that the intensity of the HA phase becomes stronger as the Ca/Si ratio of the composite increases. From nitrogen gas analysis at 77 K, type IV isotherm plots for typical mesoporous materials were observed for all of the samples. However, the mesoporous structure of HA-silica tends to becomes less ordered as the Ca/Si ratio increases. Promising consistency between the pore sizes from the Barrett, Joyner and Halenda (BJH) method, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Small Angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD) was also observed. The formation mechanism of mesoporous HA-silica composites was proposed, where the interaction between the crystallization of HA and the surfactant liquid crystal determines the regularity of the meso-structure. In vitro drug loading and release studies showed that drug loading capacity is dependent on the pore volume of the sample, and the mesoporosity of the samples were responsible for the sustained release of drugs. In vitro cell culture of the samples showed promising biocompatibility where osteosarcoma cells were observed to grow favourably on the synthesized composites.

Densification of the interlayer spacing governs the nanomechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrate

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Geng, Guoqing; Myers, Rupert J.; Qomi, Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini

Calciuam-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is the principal binding phase in modern concrete. Molecular simulations imply that its nanoscale stiffness is 'defect-driven', i.e., dominated by crystallographic defects such as bridging site vacancies in its silicate chains. However, experimental validation of this result is difficult due to the hierarchically porous nature of C-S-H down to nanometers. Here in this paper, we integrate high pressure X-ray diffraction and atomistic simulations to correlate the anisotropic deformation of nanocrystalline C-S-H to its atomic-scale structure, which is changed by varying the Ca-To-Si molar ratio. Contrary to the 'defect-driven' hypothesis, we clearly observe stiffening of C-S-H with increasing Ca/Simore » in the range 0.8 ≤ Ca/Si ≤ 1.3, despite increasing numbers of vacancies in its silicate chains. The deformation of these chains along the b-Axis occurs mainly through tilting of the Si-O-Si dihedral angle rather than shortening of the Si-O bond, and consequently there is no correlation between the incompressibilities of the a-and b-Axes and the Ca/Si. On the contrary, the intrinsic stiffness of C-S-H solid is inversely correlated with the thickness of its interlayer space. This work provides direct experimental evidence to conduct more realistic modelling of C-S-H-based cementitious material.« less

Densification of the interlayer spacing governs the nanomechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrate

DOE PAGES

Geng, Guoqing; Myers, Rupert J.; Qomi, Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini; ...

2017-09-08

Calciuam-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is the principal binding phase in modern concrete. Molecular simulations imply that its nanoscale stiffness is 'defect-driven', i.e., dominated by crystallographic defects such as bridging site vacancies in its silicate chains. However, experimental validation of this result is difficult due to the hierarchically porous nature of C-S-H down to nanometers. Here in this paper, we integrate high pressure X-ray diffraction and atomistic simulations to correlate the anisotropic deformation of nanocrystalline C-S-H to its atomic-scale structure, which is changed by varying the Ca-To-Si molar ratio. Contrary to the 'defect-driven' hypothesis, we clearly observe stiffening of C-S-H with increasing Ca/Simore » in the range 0.8 ≤ Ca/Si ≤ 1.3, despite increasing numbers of vacancies in its silicate chains. The deformation of these chains along the b-Axis occurs mainly through tilting of the Si-O-Si dihedral angle rather than shortening of the Si-O bond, and consequently there is no correlation between the incompressibilities of the a-and b-Axes and the Ca/Si. On the contrary, the intrinsic stiffness of C-S-H solid is inversely correlated with the thickness of its interlayer space. This work provides direct experimental evidence to conduct more realistic modelling of C-S-H-based cementitious material.« less

Densification of the interlayer spacing governs the nanomechanical properties of calcium-silicate-hydrate.

PubMed

Geng, Guoqing; Myers, Rupert J; Qomi, Mohammad Javad Abdolhosseini; Monteiro, Paulo J M

2017-09-08

Calciuam-silicate-hydrate (C-S-H) is the principal binding phase in modern concrete. Molecular simulations imply that its nanoscale stiffness is 'defect-driven', i.e., dominated by crystallographic defects such as bridging site vacancies in its silicate chains. However, experimental validation of this result is difficult due to the hierarchically porous nature of C-S-H down to nanometers. Here, we integrate high pressure X-ray diffraction and atomistic simulations to correlate the anisotropic deformation of nanocrystalline C-S-H to its atomic-scale structure, which is changed by varying the Ca-to-Si molar ratio. Contrary to the 'defect-driven' hypothesis, we clearly observe stiffening of C-S-H with increasing Ca/Si in the range 0.8 ≤ Ca/Si ≤ 1.3, despite increasing numbers of vacancies in its silicate chains. The deformation of these chains along the b-axis occurs mainly through tilting of the Si-O-Si dihedral angle rather than shortening of the Si-O bond, and consequently there is no correlation between the incompressibilities of the a- and b-axes and the Ca/Si. On the contrary, the intrinsic stiffness of C-S-H solid is inversely correlated with the thickness of its interlayer space. This work provides direct experimental evidence to conduct more realistic modelling of C-S-H-based cementitious material.

Social withdrawal of persons with vascular dementia associated with disturbance of basic daily activities, apathy, and impaired social judgment.

PubMed

Honda, Yukiko; Meguro, Kenichi; Meguro, Mitsue; Akanuma, Kyoko

2013-01-01

Patients with vascular dementia (VaD) are often isolated, withdrawn from society because of negative symptoms and functional disabilities. The aim of this study was to detect factors associated with social withdrawal in patients with VaD. The participants were 36 institutionalized patients with VaD. Social withdrawal was assessed with the social withdrawal of the Multidimensional Observation Scale for Elderly Subjects (MOSES). Possible explanatory variables were the MOSES items depression and self-care, Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI), apathy evaluation scale (AES), and Behavioral Pathology in Alzheimer's Disease Frequency-Weighted Severity Scale (BEHAVE-AD-FW). Multiple regression analyses were conducted for two groups: Analysis 1 was performed in all patients (N = 36) and Analysis 2 was performed in the patients with the ability to move by themselves (i.e., independent walking or independent movement with a cane or a wheelchair; n = 28). In Analysis 1, MOSES item social withdrawal was correlated with AES and MOSES item self-care. In Analysis 2, MOSES item social withdrawal was correlated with AES and CASI domain abstraction and judgment. Decreased social activities of VaD were not related to general cognitive function or depression. Disturbed activities of daily living (ADLs) for self-care may involve decreased frontal lobe function, indicating that comprehensive rehabilitation for both ADL and dementia are needed to improve the social activities of patients with VaD.

A Top-Down Performance Analysis of a Pegasus-Based Space Strike System

DTIC Science & Technology

1991-12-01

284): AP 1 O. coCO 4., cos 2 =~ +I Q ( QbO - 2) cos2 Cbo 28 This equation is useful for determining free-flight range for any set of burnout con...it may therefore be expressed in the manner given by Eq (26): cot1 - Qbo cos 2 Obo2 Qbo cos ¢ bo1 - cos2 kbo (27) Since \\/f1-cos7 Obo = sin Obo and...in general, cos a sin a = 1/2 x sin 2a, then Eq (27) can be further simplified to ’’ 2 cot - = 2csc20b, - cot Obo (28) 2 Qbo Rearranging tcrms results

Airborne Pointing and Tracking Systems Open Port Design and Modification Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-04-01

into 1 gives n 2: FX = S Ujk co8 2G + k. sin2G.) + 6v(k -kJslnG. cosG. - G, kt R sinG.] i=l n ZFy = ^ [ ^^r"^) 8inei co8ei + 6y...sinei cos6. = 0 Ul i=l i^l (4) and n n 1 Sin2ei 1 2 cos e. 1=1 And Equation 3 reduces to i=l n^ 2 (5) ! £ Fx - f (kr + V...Bornhorst) AFAPL (CC/D. Cheatom, Jr.) CINCSAC (INEP) ARL (AP/Lt Col Duggins) AFFDL ( FX /Dr. VanKuren) AFFTD (PDTR/Lt Faehl) AFFTC (ETEO/R. Buxton) AF

The kinetic friction of ZnO nanowires on amorphous SiO2 and SiN substrates

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Roy, Aditi; Xie, Hongtao; Wang, Shiliang; Huang, Han

2016-12-01

ZnO nanowires were bent on amorphous SiO2 and SiN substrates in an ambient atmosphere using optical nanomanipulation. The kinetic friction between the nanowires and substrate was determined from the bent shape of the nanowires. The kinetic friction force per unit area, i.e. frictional shear stress, for the ZnO/SiO2 and ZnO/SiN nanowire/substrate systems being measured were 1.05 ± 0.28 and 2.08 ± 0.33 MPa, respectively. The surface roughness and the Hamaker constant of SiO2 and SiN substrates had significant effect on the frictional stresses.

On The (Un)importance of Working Memory in Speech-in-Noise Processing for Listeners with Normal Hearing Thresholds.

PubMed

Füllgrabe, Christian; Rosen, Stuart

2016-01-01

With the advent of cognitive hearing science, increased attention has been given to individual differences in cognitive functioning and their explanatory power in accounting for inter-listener variability in the processing of speech in noise (SiN). The psychological construct that has received much interest in recent years is working memory. Empirical evidence indeed confirms the association between WM capacity (WMC) and SiN identification in older hearing-impaired listeners. However, some theoretical models propose that variations in WMC are an important predictor for variations in speech processing abilities in adverse perceptual conditions for all listeners, and this notion has become widely accepted within the field. To assess whether WMC also plays a role when listeners without hearing loss process speech in adverse listening conditions, we surveyed published and unpublished studies in which the Reading-Span test (a widely used measure of WMC) was administered in conjunction with a measure of SiN identification, using sentence material routinely used in audiological and hearing research. A meta-analysis revealed that, for young listeners with audiometrically normal hearing, individual variations in WMC are estimated to account for, on average, less than 2% of the variance in SiN identification scores. This result cautions against the (intuitively appealing) assumption that individual variations in WMC are predictive of SiN identification independently of the age and hearing status of the listener.

[Dietary diversity in women who live in food insecurity settings in Mexico, beneficiaries of a food support program].

PubMed

Morales Ruán, María Del Carmen; Valenzuela Bravo, Danae Gabriela; Jiménez Aguilar, Alejandra; Cuevas Nasu, Lucía; Méndez Gómez Humarán, Ignacio; Shamah Levy, Teresa

2018-02-16

food diversity is an approximation of diet quality. In Mexico, the Food Support Program (PAL, by its acronym in Spanish) grants support to families facing food poverty, in form of cash (PAL EFECTIVO) or through monetary transfers on a card intended exclusively for the purchase of food (PAL SIN-HAMBRE), seeking to improve their food diversity. to compare the dietary diversity in women beneficiaries of both schemes and their association with the level of food insecurity (FI) at household level. a cross-sectional study was carried out in a national random sample of 243 women beneficiaries from PAL EFECTIVO and 277 from PAL SIN-HAMBRE in 14 states. A multinomial logistic regression model was constructed to measure the association between the FI perception index and its relationship with the PAL and the dietary diversity index. the PAL SIN-HAMBRE scheme is associated with a lower probability of mild and severe FI with respect to the PAL EFECTIVO. The interaction between the type of scheme and the dietary diversity index showed that the PAL EFECTIVO had a lower probability of severe FI when the dietary diversity index was greater with respect to the PAL SIN-HAMBRE. the FI in the household and the low dietary diversity seem to be strongly associated in women of childbearing age and this relationship is higher in those beneficiaries of the PAL SIN-HAMBRE scheme.

Auditory brainstem response to complex sounds predicts self-reported speech-in-noise performance.

PubMed

Anderson, Samira; Parbery-Clark, Alexandra; White-Schwoch, Travis; Kraus, Nina

2013-02-01

To compare the ability of the auditory brainstem response to complex sounds (cABR) to predict subjective ratings of speech understanding in noise on the Speech, Spatial, and Qualities of Hearing Scale (SSQ; Gatehouse & Noble, 2004) relative to the predictive ability of the Quick Speech-in-Noise test (QuickSIN; Killion, Niquette, Gudmundsen, Revit, & Banerjee, 2004) and pure-tone hearing thresholds. Participants included 111 middle- to older-age adults (range = 45-78) with audiometric configurations ranging from normal hearing levels to moderate sensorineural hearing loss. In addition to using audiometric testing, the authors also used such evaluation measures as the QuickSIN, the SSQ, and the cABR. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that the inclusion of brainstem variables in a model with QuickSIN, hearing thresholds, and age accounted for 30% of the variance in the Speech subtest of the SSQ, compared with significantly less variance (19%) when brainstem variables were not included. The authors' results demonstrate the cABR's efficacy for predicting self-reported speech-in-noise perception difficulties. The fact that the cABR predicts more variance in self-reported speech-in-noise (SIN) perception than either the QuickSIN or hearing thresholds indicates that the cABR provides additional insight into an individual's ability to hear in background noise. In addition, the findings underscore the link between the cABR and hearing in noise.

Prediction of the electron redundant SinNn fullerenes

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Yang, Huihui; Song, Yan; Zhang, Yan; Chen, Hongshan

2018-05-01

The stabilities and electronic structures of SimAln-mNn and SinNn (n = 16, 20, m = 12 and n = 24, m = 16) fullerene-like cages have been investigated using density functional method B3LYP and the second-order perturbation theory MP2. The results show that the SimAln-mNn and SinNn fullerenes are more stable than the AlN counterparts. Comparing with the corresponding AlnNn cages, one silicon atom in each Si2N2 square protrudes and the excess electrons reside as lone pair electrons at the outside of the protrudent Si atoms. Analyses on the electronic structures suggest that the Sisbnd N bonds are covalent bonding with strong polarity. The ELF (electron localization function) shows large electron pair probability between Si and N atoms. The orbital interactions between Si and N are stronger than that between Al and N atoms; the overlap integral is 0.40 per Sisbnd N bond in SinNn and 0.34 per Alsbnd N bond in AlnNn. The AIM (atoms in molecule) charges on the Al atoms in AlnNn and SimAln-mNn are 2.37 and 2.40. The charges on the in-plane and protrudent Si atoms are about 2.88 and 1.50 respectively. Considering the large local dipole moments around the protrudent Si atoms, the electrostatic interactions are also favorable to the SiN cages.

The Pendulum Equation

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Fay, Temple H.

2002-01-01

We investigate the pendulum equation [theta] + [lambda][squared] sin [theta] = 0 and two approximations for it. On the one hand, we suggest that the third and fifth-order Taylor series approximations for sin [theta] do not yield very good differential equations to approximate the solution of the pendulum equation unless the initial conditions are…

Algebraic Trigonometry

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Vaninsky, Alexander

2011-01-01

This article introduces a trigonometric field (TF) that extends the field of real numbers by adding two new elements: sin and cos--satisfying an axiom sin[superscript 2] + cos[superscript 2] = 1. It is shown that by assigning meaningful names to particular elements of the field, all known trigonometric identities may be introduced and proved. Two…

Pluralism Lost: Sustainability's Unfortunate Fall

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wimberley, Edward T.

2010-01-01

"Paradise Lost" explores the themes of human frailty, failure, and redemption following humanity's "original sin," eating of the tree of knowledge in the Garden of Eden. This original sin resulted in human beings being banished from an earthly paradise and compelled to wander eternally a world fraught with danger, despair,…

La guerra de los Estados Unidos contra la inmigración. Efectos paradójicos1

PubMed Central

Massey, Douglas S.; Pren, Karen A.

2016-01-01

Resumen A finales de la década de los cincuenta, Estados Unidos permitía la entrada de aproximadamente medio millón de inmigrantes mexicanos al año, de los cuales 450.000 entraban con visados de trabajo temporal y 50.000 llegaban con visados de residentes permanentes. A mediados de los años sesenta, los cambios en la política migratoria de Estados Unidos realizados en nombre de los derechos civiles redujeron drásticamente las oportunidades de entrada legal a Estados Unidos. Se eliminaron los visados de trabajo temporal y se limitaron los visados de residentes a 20.000 por año. Con las oportunidades de entrada legal restringidas, los flujos migratorios ya establecidos simplemente continuaron, fuera de los límites legales, dando comienzo a una inesperada reacción en cadena de eventos que culminaron en una guerra total contra los inmigrantes y el rápido crecimiento -sin precedentes- de población residente no autorizada en Estados Unidos. El presente artículo demuestra que el aumento de inmigración indocumentada en los Estados Unidos y el crecimiento de la población sin papeles son un producto de políticas migratorias y fronterizas mal concebidas. PMID:27076695

Solar neutrino measurements in Super-Kamiokande-IV

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, K.; Haga, Y.; Hayato, Y.; Ikeda, M.; Iyogi, K.; Kameda, J.; Kishimoto, Y.; Marti, Ll.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Nakahata, M.; Nakajima, T.; Nakayama, S.; Orii, A.; Sekiya, H.; Shiozawa, M.; Sonoda, Y.; Takeda, A.; Tanaka, H.; Takenaga, Y.; Tasaka, S.; Tomura, T.; Ueno, K.; Yokozawa, T.; Akutsu, R.; Irvine, T.; Kaji, H.; Kajita, T.; Kametani, I.; Kaneyuki, K.; Lee, K. P.; Nishimura, Y.; McLachlan, T.; Okumura, K.; Richard, E.; Labarga, L.; Fernandez, P.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Gustafson, J.; Kachulis, C.; Kearns, E.; Raaf, J. L.; Stone, J. L.; Sulak, L. R.; Berkman, S.; Tobayama, S.; Goldhaber, M.; Bays, K.; Carminati, G.; Griskevich, N. J.; Kropp, W. R.; Mine, S.; Renshaw, A.; Smy, M. B.; Sobel, H. W.; Takhistov, V.; Weatherly, P.; Ganezer, K. S.; Hartfiel, B. L.; Hill, J.; Keig, W. E.; Hong, N.; Kim, J. Y.; Lim, I. T.; Park, R. G.; Akiri, T.; Albert, J. B.; Himmel, A.; Li, Z.; O'Sullivan, E.; Scholberg, K.; Walter, C. W.; Wongjirad, T.; Ishizuka, T.; Nakamura, T.; Jang, J. S.; Choi, K.; Learned, J. G.; Matsuno, S.; Smith, S. N.; Friend, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Kobayashi, T.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakamura, K.; Nishikawa, K.; Oyama, Y.; Sakashita, K.; Sekiguchi, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Nakano, Y.; Suzuki, A. T.; Takeuchi, Y.; Yano, T.; Cao, S. V.; Hayashino, T.; Hiraki, T.; Hirota, S.; Huang, K.; Ieki, K.; Jiang, M.; Kikawa, T.; Minamino, A.; Murakami, A.; Nakaya, T.; Patel, N. D.; Suzuki, K.; Takahashi, S.; Wendell, R. A.; Fukuda, Y.; Itow, Y.; Mitsuka, G.; Muto, F.; Suzuki, T.; Mijakowski, P.; Frankiewicz, K.; Hignight, J.; Imber, J.; Jung, C. K.; Li, X.; Palomino, J. L.; Santucci, G.; Taylor, I.; Vilela, C.; Wilking, M. J.; Yanagisawa, C.; Fukuda, D.; Ishino, H.; Kayano, T.; Kibayashi, A.; Koshio, Y.; Mori, T.; Sakuda, M.; Takeuchi, J.; Yamaguchi, R.; Kuno, Y.; Tacik, R.; Kim, S. B.; Okazawa, H.; Choi, Y.; Ito, K.; Nishijima, K.; Koshiba, M.; Totsuka, Y.; Suda, Y.; Yokoyama, M.; Bronner, C.; Calland, R. G.; Hartz, M.; Martens, K.; Obayashi, Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Vagins, M. R.; Nantais, C. M.; Martin, J. F.; de Perio, P.; Tanaka, H. A.; Konaka, A.; Chen, S.; Sui, H.; Wan, L.; Yang, Z.; Zhang, H.; Zhang, Y.; Connolly, K.; Dziomba, M.; Wilkes, R. J.; Super-Kamiokande Collaboration

2016-09-01

Upgraded electronics, improved water system dynamics, better calibration and analysis techniques allowed Super-Kamiokande-IV to clearly observe very low-energy 8B solar neutrino interactions, with recoil electron kinetic energies as low as ˜3.5 MeV . Super-Kamiokande-IV data-taking began in September of 2008; this paper includes data until February 2014, a total livetime of 1664 days. The measured solar neutrino flux is (2.308 ±0.020 (stat)-0.040 +0.039(syst ))×1 06/(cm2 sec ) assuming no oscillations. The observed recoil electron energy spectrum is consistent with no distortions due to neutrino oscillations. An extended maximum likelihood fit to the amplitude of the expected solar zenith angle variation of the neutrino-electron elastic scattering rate in SK-IV results in a day/night asymmetry of (-3.6 ±1.6 (stat )±0.6 (syst ))% . The SK-IV solar neutrino data determine the solar mixing angle as sin2θ12=0.327-0.031+0.026 , all SK solar data (SK-I, SK-II, SK III and SK-IV) measures this angle to be sin2θ12=0.334-0.023+0.027 , the determined mass-squared splitting is Δ m212=4.8-0.8+1.5×10-5 eV2 .

New measurement of antineutrino oscillation with the full detector configuration at Daya Bay

DOE PAGES

An, F. P.; Balantekin, A. B.; Band, H. R.; ...

2015-09-11

We report a new measurement of electron antineutrino disappearance using the fully constructed Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment. The final two of eight antineutrino detectors were installed in the summer of 2012. Including the 404 days of data collected from October 2012 to November 2013 resulted in a total exposure of 6.9×10 5 GW th ton days, a 3.6 times increase over our previous results. Improvements in energy calibration limited variations between detectors to 0.2%. Removal of six 241Am- 13C radioactive calibration sources reduced the background by a factor of 2 for the detectors in the experimental hall furthest frommore » the reactors. Direct prediction of the antineutrino signal in the far detectors based on the measurements in the near detectors explicitly minimized the dependence of the measurement on models of reactor antineutrino emission. The uncertainties in our estimates of 2sin2θ 13 and |Δm 2 ee| were halved as a result of these improvements. An analysis of the relative antineutrino rates and energy spectra between detectors gave 2sin2θ 13=0.084±0.005 and |Δm 2 ee|=(2.42±0.11)×10 –3 eV 2 in the three-neutrino framework.« less

Electronic structure and bonding of intergranular glassy films in polycrystalline Si3 N4 : Ab initio studies and classical molecular dynamics simulations

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rulis, P.; Chen, J.; Ouyang, L.; Ching, W.-Y.; Su, X.; Garofalini, S. H.

2005-06-01

The electronic structure and bonding of a realistic model of an intergranular glassy film (IGF) was studied with multiple computational methods. The model has a Si-O-N glassy region sandwiched between crystalline basal planes of β-Si3N4 and contains a total of 798 atoms. It was constructed with periodic boundary conditions via classical molecular dynamics (MD) techniques using an accurate multibody atomic potential. The model was then further relaxed by the VASP (Vienna ab initio simulation package) program. It is shown that the VASP-relaxed structure reduces the total energy from the MD-relaxed structure by only 47.38eV , validating the accuracy of the multiatom potential used. The calculated electronic structure shows the IGF model to be an insulator with a sizable gap of almost 3eV . Quasidefectlike states can be identified near the band edges arising from the more strained Si-N and Si-O bonds at the interface. Calculation of the Mulliken effective charge and bond order values indicates that the bonds in the glassy region and at the interface can be enhanced and weakened by distortions in the bond length and bond angle. The states at the top of the valence band are derived mostly from the crystalline part of the Si-N bonding while the states at the bottom of the conduction band are dominated by the Si-O bonding in the glassy region. Calculation of the electrostatic potential across the interface shows an average band offset of about 1.5eV between the crystalline β-Si3N4 and the glassy Si-O-N region which could be related to the space charge model for IGF.

Micropore and nanopore fabrication in hollow antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides

PubMed Central

Holmes, Matthew R.; Shang, Tao; Hawkins, Aaron R.; Rudenko, Mikhail; Measor, Philip; Schmidt, Holger

2011-01-01

We demonstrate the fabrication of micropore and nanopore features in hollow antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides to create an electrical and optical analysis platform that can size select and detect a single nanoparticle. Micropores (4 μm diameter) are reactive-ion etched through the top SiO2 and SiN layers of the waveguides, leaving a thin SiN membrane above the hollow core. Nanopores are formed in the SiN membranes using a focused ion-beam etch process that provides control over the pore size. Openings as small as 20 nm in diameter are created. Optical loss measurements indicate that micropores did not significantly alter the loss along the waveguide. PMID:21922035

Micropore and nanopore fabrication in hollow antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides.

PubMed

Holmes, Matthew R; Shang, Tao; Hawkins, Aaron R; Rudenko, Mikhail; Measor, Philip; Schmidt, Holger

2010-01-01

We demonstrate the fabrication of micropore and nanopore features in hollow antiresonant reflecting optical waveguides to create an electrical and optical analysis platform that can size select and detect a single nanoparticle. Micropores (4 μm diameter) are reactive-ion etched through the top SiO(2) and SiN layers of the waveguides, leaving a thin SiN membrane above the hollow core. Nanopores are formed in the SiN membranes using a focused ion-beam etch process that provides control over the pore size. Openings as small as 20 nm in diameter are created. Optical loss measurements indicate that micropores did not significantly alter the loss along the waveguide.

Influence of rice straw burning on the levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in agricultural county of Taiwan.

PubMed

Lai, Chia-Hsiang; Chen, Kang-Shin; Wang, Hsin-Kai

2009-01-01

Atmospheric particulate and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) size distribution were measured at Jhu-Shan (a rural site) and Sin-Gang (a town site) in central Taiwan during the rice straw burning and non-burning periods. The concentrations of total PAHs accounting for a roughly 58% (34%) increment in the concentrations of total PAHs due to rice-straw burning. Combustion-related PAHs during burning periods were 1.54-2.57 times higher than those during non-burning periods. The mass median diameter (MMD) of 0.88-1.21 microm in the particulate phase suggested that rice-straw burning generated the increase in coarse particle number. Chemical mass balance (CMB) receptor model analyses showed that the primary pollution sources at the two sites were similar. However, rice-straw burning emission was specifically identified as a significant source of PAH during burning periods at the two sites. Open burning of rice straws was estimated to contribute approximately 6.3%-24.6% to total atmospheric PAHs at the two sites.

Validation Results for LEWICE 2.0. [Supplement

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Wright, William B.; Rutkowski, Adam

1999-01-01

Two CD-ROMs contain experimental ice shapes and code prediction used for validation of LEWICE 2.0 (see NASA/CR-1999-208690, CASI ID 19990021235). The data include ice shapes for both experiment and for LEWICE, all of the input and output files for the LEWICE cases, JPG files of all plots generated, an electronic copy of the text of the validation report, and a Microsoft Excel(R) spreadsheet containing all of the quantitative measurements taken. The LEWICE source code and executable are not contained on the discs.

FY 1999 Scientific and Technical Reports, Articles, Papers, and Presentations

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Waits, J.oyce E.Turner

2000-01-01

This document presents formal NASA technical reports, papers published in technical journals, and presentations by MSFC personnel in FY99. It also includes papers of MSFC contractors. All of the NASA series reports may be obtained from the NASA Center for AeroSpace Information (CASI), 7121 Standard Drive, Hanover, MD 21076-1320 The information in this report may be of value to the scientific and engineering community in determining what information has been published and what is available.

Computer Programs for Helicopter Aerodynamic Stability Evaluation

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-08-01

11I.46 CCHflQz-16 .*C tAS*tH5P/BMF MIDCIO=- MUHS*DCHDW-CTAS DCTnR=-CTn,.*MIHS DCYfP=OMUHS/4.)/11.-AS4*DLDCT) ASS=AS4* SIGMAR /SIGMA COI=W/(VTIP*CTAS*DP...CYOP-16**CAS*Y3PlBMFOCTDP*BMF*(YIP+2.*AS4*Y2P*DCLDT)*CTAs DCYDV=OCYf)V-OC TrW*AIC*BMF*CTAS* ( IP.?. *Y2P) CTWTR=*25/(l.’-ASS*.25) CYVTR=C9I*CT %TR* SIGMAR

DNA Vaccination of the American Crow (Corvus brachyrhynchos) Provides Partial Protection Against Lethal Challenge with West Nile Virus

DTIC Science & Technology

2007-01-01

mortality but did not provide sterile immunity. RESUMEN. La vacunación del cuervo Americano (Corvus brachyrhynchos) con vacuna de ADN proporciona...casi 100% fatal en el cuervo Americano (Corvus brachyrhynchos). Evaluamos cuatro formulaciones de vacunas en cuervos Americanos, incluyendo una vacuna de...ADN, una vacuna de ADN con adyuvante, ambas aplicadas por la vı́a intramuscular, una vacuna de ADN microencapsulada aplicada por la vı́a oral, y una

Relating remotely sensed optical variability to marine benthic biodiversity.

PubMed

Herkül, Kristjan; Kotta, Jonne; Kutser, Tiit; Vahtmäe, Ele

2013-01-01

Biodiversity is important in maintaining ecosystem viability, and the availability of adequate biodiversity data is a prerequisite for the sustainable management of natural resources. As such, there is a clear need to map biodiversity at high spatial resolutions across large areas. Airborne and spaceborne optical remote sensing is a potential tool to provide such biodiversity data. The spectral variation hypothesis (SVH) predicts a positive correlation between spectral variability (SV) of a remotely sensed image and biodiversity. The SVH has only been tested on a few terrestrial plant communities. Our study is the first attempt to apply the SVH in the marine environment using hyperspectral imagery recorded by Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI). All coverage-based diversity measures of benthic macrophytes and invertebrates showed low but statistically significant positive correlations with SV whereas the relationship between biomass-based diversity measures and SV were weak or lacking. The observed relationships did not vary with spatial scale. SV had the highest independent effect among predictor variables in the statistical models of coverage-derived total benthic species richness and Shannon index. Thus, the relevance of SVH in marine benthic habitats was proved and this forms a prerequisite for the future use of SV in benthic biodiversity assessments.

The Geometry of Snell's Law

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Metz, James

2014-01-01

Light refracts as it travels from one medium to another. The angle of incidence "i" and the angle of refraction "r" are related by Snell's law, sin"i" ÷ sin"r"="k," where "k" is a constant. The diagram in Fig. 1 shows a geometric representation of the formula for light passing from…

Submarine Periscope Depth Course Selection Tactical Decision Aid

DTIC Science & Technology

1997-12-01

are translated to Cartesian coordinates. Co is own ship’s course. 8 X0 = DMho. cos(Co) Yo = DAho . sin(Co) Xc = DMht- cos(Ct) Yc = DMhbt sin(Ct) These...Display Graph. The input parameters of DAho , Ct, and DMiht along with Co as generated by the simulation are used to determine the Cartesian

Development of SCAR markers linked to sin-2, the stringless pod locus in pea (Pisum sativum L.)

USDA-ARS?s Scientific Manuscript database

With increasing consumer demand for vegetables, edible-podded peas have become more popular. Stringlessness is one of most important traits for snap peas. A single recessive gene, sin-2, controls this trait. Because pollen carrying the stringless gene is less competitive than pollen carrying the str...

Virtues of SIN: Can Intensified Public Efforts Help Disadvantaged Immigrants?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Aslund, Olof; Johansson, Per

2011-01-01

The labor market integration of immigrants is a top political priority throughout the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. Social and fiscal gains, as well as sustained future labor supply make governments search for effective policies to increase employment among the mostly disadvantaged. The author studies SIN,…

Characterization of Low Noise TES Detectors Fabricated by D-RIE Process for SAFARI Short-Wavelength Band

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Khosropanah, P.; Suzuki, T.; Hijmering, R. A.; Ridder, M. L.; Lindeman, M. A.; Gao, J.-R.; Hoevers, H.

2014-08-01

SRON is developing TES detectors based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN membrane for the short-wavelength band of the SAFARI instrument on SPICA mission. We have recently replaced the wet KOH etching of the Si substrate by deep reactive ion etching. The new process enables us to fabricate the detectors on the substrate and release the membrane at the very last step. Therefore the production of SAFARI large arrays (4343) on thin SiN membrane (250 nm) is feasible. It also makes it possible to realize narrow supporting SiN legs of 1 m, which are needed to meet SAFARI NEP requirements. Here we report the current-voltage characteristics, noise performance and impedance measurement of these devices. The measured results are then compared with the distributed leg model that takes into account the thermal fluctuation noise due to the SiN legs. We measured a dark NEP of 0.7 aW/, which is 1.6 times higher than the theoretically expected phonon noise.

Recent Results from the Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Huang, En-Chuan

2016-11-01

The Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment is designed to precisely measure the mixing parameter sin2 2θ13 via relative measurements with eight functionally identical antineutrino detectors (ADs). In 2012, Daya Bay has first measured a non-zero sin2 2θ13 value with a significance larger than 5σ with the first six ADs. With the installation of two new ADs to complete the full configuration, Daya Bay has continued to increase statistics and lower systematic uncertainties for better precision of sin2 2θ13 and for the exploration of other physics topics. In this proceeding, the latest analysis results of sin2 2θ13 and |Δm 2 ee|, including a measurement made with neutron capture on Gadolinium and an independent measurement made with neutron capture on hydrogen are presented. The latest results of the search for sterile neutrino in the mass splitting range of 10-3 eV2 < |Δm 2 41| < 0.3 eV2 and the absolute measurement of the rate and energy spectrum of reactor antineutrinos will also be presented.

Two-bit multi-level phase change random access memory with a triple phase change material stack structure

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Gyanathan, Ashvini; Yeo, Yee-Chia

2012-11-01

This work demonstrates a novel two-bit multi-level device structure comprising three phase change material (PCM) layers, separated by SiN thermal barrier layers. This triple PCM stack consisted of (from bottom to top), Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST), an ultrathin SiN barrier, nitrogen-doped GST, another ultrathin SiN barrier, and Ag0.5In0.5Sb3Te6. The PCM layers can selectively amorphize to form 4 different resistance levels ("00," "01," "10," and "11") using respective voltage pulses. Electrical characterization was extensively performed on these devices. Thermal analysis was also done to understand the physics behind the phase changing characteristics of the two-bit memory devices. The melting and crystallization temperatures of the PCMs play important roles in the power consumption of the multi-level devices. The electrical resistivities and thermal conductivities of the PCMs and the SiN thermal barrier are also crucial factors contributing to the phase changing behaviour of the PCMs in the two-bit multi-level PCRAM device.

Detection of antibody-antigen reaction by silicon nitride slot-ring biosensors using protein G

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Taniguchi, Tomoya; Hirowatari, Anna; Ikeda, Takeshi; Fukuyama, Masataka; Amemiya, Yoshiteru; Kuroda, Akio; Yokoyama, Shin

2016-04-01

Biosensors using ring resonators with silicon nitride (SiN) slot waveguides have been fabricated. The temperature coefficient of the resonance wavelength of the SiN resonator is 0.006 nm/°C, which is one order of magnitude smaller than that of Si. The sensitivity of the biosensor has been improved by using slot waveguide together with Si-binding protein (designated as Si-tag), which bonds to SiN or SiO2 surface, as an anchoring molecule to immobilize bioreceptors on the SiN rings in an oriented manner. Furthermore, the protein G, which strongly bonds to many kinds of mammalian antibodies only by mixing the antibody solution, is used to efficiently immobilize the antigen on the sensor surface. By means of these devises the sensitivity of the biosensor has been improved by factor of 10-100 compared with that of normal Si ring resonator sensors without slot. Then the detection of prostate specific antigen (PSA) with the sensitivity of ~1×10-8 g/ml, which is the concentration of strongly suspicious for the prostate cancer, has been achieved.

Quantitative analysis of hydrogen in SiO{sub 2}/SiN/SiO{sub 2} stacks using atom probe tomography

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Kunimune, Yorinobu, E-mail: yorinobu.kunimune.vz@renesas.com; Shimada, Yasuhiro; Sakurai, Yusuke

2016-04-15

We have demonstrated that it is possible to reproducibly quantify hydrogen concentration in the SiN layer of a SiO{sub 2}/SiN/SiO{sub 2} (ONO) stack structure using ultraviolet laser-assisted atom probe tomography (APT). The concentration of hydrogen atoms detected using APT increased gradually during the analysis, which could be explained by the effect of hydrogen adsorption from residual gas in the vacuum chamber onto the specimen surface. The amount of adsorbed hydrogen in the SiN layer was estimated by analyzing another SiN layer with an extremely low hydrogen concentration (<0.2 at. %). Thus, by subtracting the concentration of adsorbed hydrogen, the actualmore » hydrogen concentration in the SiN layer was quantified as approximately 1.0 at. %. This result was consistent with that obtained by elastic recoil detection analysis (ERDA), which confirmed the accuracy of the APT quantification. The present results indicate that APT enables the imaging of the three-dimensional distribution of hydrogen atoms in actual devices at a sub-nanometer scale.« less

Sinomenine Hydrochloride Attenuates Renal Fibrosis by Inhibiting Excessive Autophagy Induced by Adriamycin: An Experimental Study

PubMed Central

Zhao, Ming-ming

2017-01-01

The objective of this study is to investigate if sinomenine hydrochloride (SIN-HCl) could be effective against adriamycin-induced renal fibrosis by regulating autophagy in a rat model. Forty male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into control group, model group, telmisartan group, and SIN-HCl group; rat model was induced by adriamycin; all rats were given intragastric administration for 6 weeks. Urine was collected from rats in metabolic cages to determine 24 h protein level. This was done after intragastric administration for the first two weeks and then once for every two weeks. Renal pathological changes were examined by the staining of HE, Masson, and PASM. Expressions and distributions of fibronectin (FN), laminin (LN), light chain 3 (LC3), and Beclin-1 were observed by immunohistochemistry. SIN-HCl ameliorates proteinuria, meanwhile attenuating the renal pathological changes in adriamycin-induced rats and also attenuating renal fibrosis and excessive autophagy by reducing the expression of FN, LN, LC3, and Beclin-1. SIN-HCl attenuates renal fibrosis by inhibiting excessive autophagy induced by adriamycin and upregulates the basal autophagy. PMID:28798804

Diagnosis and medical treatment of neuropathic pain in leprosy.

PubMed

Arco, Rogerio Del; Nardi, Susilene Maria Tonelli; Bassi, Thiago Gasperini; Paschoal, Vania Del Arco

2016-08-08

to identify the difficulties in diagnosing and treating neuropathic pain caused by leprosy and to understand the main characteristics of this situation. 85 patients were treated in outpatient units with reference to leprosy and the accompanying pain. We used a questionnaire known as the Douleur Neuropathic 4 test and we conducted detailed neurological exams. As a result, 42 patients were excluded from the study for not having proved their pain. Out of the 37 patients that experienced pain, 22 (59.5%) had neuropathic pain (or a mixture of this pain and their existing pain) and of these 90.8% considered this pain to be moderate or severe. 81.8% of the sample suffered with this pain for more than 6 months. Only 12 (54.5%) of the patients had been diagnosed with neuropathic pain and in almost half of these cases, this pain had not been diagnosed. With reference to medical treatment (n=12) for neuropathic pain, 5 (41.6%) responded that they became better. For the other 7 (58.4%) there were no changes in relation to the pain or in some cases the pain worsened in comparison to their previous state. Statistical analysis comparing improvements in relation to the pain amongst the patients that were treated (n=12) and those that were not, showed significant differences (value p=0.020). we noted difficulties in diagnosing neuropathic pain for leprosy in that almost half of the patients that were studied had not had their pain diagnosed. We attributed this to some factors such as the non-adoption of the appropriate protocols which led to inadequate diagnosis and treatment that overlooked the true picture. identificar as dificuldades em diagnosticar e tratar a dor neuropática causada pela hanseníase, bem como determinar as características principais dessa situação. examinaram-se 85 pacientes tratados no ambulatório de referência para hanseníase e referiam dor. Aplicou-se questionário, o teste Douleur Neuropathic 4, e criterioso exame neurológico pelo qual excluíram-se 42 pacientes por não se comprovar dor. dos 37 pacientes com dor, 22 (59,5%) tinham Douleur Neuropathic ou mista e, desses, 90,8% caracterizavam essa dor como de intensidade moderada ou severa, sendo que 81,8% sofriam por mais de 6 meses. Apenas 12 (54,5%) pacientes haviam sido diagnosticados com Douleur Neuropathic e quase metade dos casos (45,5%) estava sem reconhecimento. Quanto ao tratamento medicamentoso (n=12) para a Douleur Neuropathic, 5 (41,6%) responderam que tiveram melhora, nos outros 7 (58,4%) não houve alteração da dor ou pioraram quando se comparou ao quadro inicial. A análise estatística, comparando a melhora da dor entre os pacientes tratados (n=12) e aqueles não tratados (n=10), foi significante (valor-p=0,020). identificou-se dificuldade em diagnosticar a dor neuropática em hanseníase, haja vista que quase metade dos pacientes estudados estava sem reconhecimento desse quadro. Atribuíram-se, como fatores associados, a não adoção de protocolo apropriado para efetivo diagnóstico e tratamentos inadequados que podem mascarar o quadro. identificar las dificultades de diagnosticar y tratar el dolor neuropático causado por la lepra, así como determinar las características principales de esa situación. se examinaron 85 pacientes tratados en ambulatorio de referencia para lepra y que refirieron dolor. Se aplicó el cuestionario test Douleur Neuropathic 4, y se hizo un minucioso examen neurológico a través del cual se excluyeron 42 pacientes por no haberse comprobado dolor. de los 37 pacientes con dolor, 22 (59,5%) tenían dolor neuropático o mixto y, de esos, 90,8% caracterizaban ese dolor como de intensidad moderada o severa, siendo que 81,8% sufrían de él hace más de 6 meses. Apenas 12 (54,5%) pacientes habían sido diagnosticados con dolor neuropático y casi mitad de los casos (45,5%) estaba sin reconocimiento. En cuanto al tratamiento medicamentoso (n=12) para el dolor neuropático, 5 (41,6%) respondieron que tuvieron mejoría; en los otros 7 (58,4%) no hubo alteración del dolor o empeoraron cuando se comparó con el cuadro inicial. El análisis estadístico, comparando la mejoría del dolor entre los pacientes tratados (n=12) y aquellos no tratados (n=10), fue significativa (valor-p=0,020). se identificó dificultad en diagnosticar el dolor neuropático en la lepra, considerando que casi la mitad de los pacientes estudiados estaban sin reconocimiento de ese cuadro. Se atribuyeron como factores asociados la no adopción de protocolo apropiado para un efectivo diagnóstico y tratamientos inadecuados que pudieron haber enmascarar el cuadro.

Cognition and speech-in-noise recognition: the role of proactive interference.

PubMed

Ellis, Rachel J; Rönnberg, Jerker

2014-01-01

Complex working memory (WM) span tasks have been shown to predict speech-in-noise (SIN) recognition. Studies of complex WM span tasks suggest that, rather than indexing a single cognitive process, performance on such tasks may be governed by separate cognitive subprocesses embedded within WM. Previous research has suggested that one such subprocess indexed by WM tasks is proactive interference (PI), which refers to difficulties memorizing current information because of interference from previously stored long-term memory representations for similar information. The aim of the present study was to investigate phonological PI and to examine the relationship between PI (semantic and phonological) and SIN perception. A within-subjects experimental design was used. An opportunity sample of 24 young listeners with normal hearing was recruited. Measures of resistance to, and release from, semantic and phonological PI were calculated alongside the signal-to-noise ratio required to identify 50% of keywords correctly in a SIN recognition task. The data were analyzed using t-tests and correlations. Evidence of release from and resistance to semantic interference was observed. These measures correlated significantly with SIN recognition. Limited evidence of phonological PI was observed. The results show that capacity to resist semantic PI can be used to predict SIN recognition scores in young listeners with normal hearing. On the basis of these findings, future research will focus on investigating whether tests of PI can be used in the treatment and/or rehabilitation of hearing loss. American Academy of Audiology.

Inactivation of the small GTP binding protein Rho induces multinucleate cell formation and apoptosis in murine T lymphoma EL4.

PubMed

Moorman, J P; Bobak, D A; Hahn, C S

1996-06-01

The small G-protein Rho regulates the actin microfilament-dependent cytoskeleton. Exoenzyme C3 of Clostridium botulinum ADP-ribosylates Rho at Asn41, a modification that functionally inactivates Rho. Using a Sindbis virus-based transient gene expression system, we studied the role of Rho in murine EL4 T lymphoma cells. We generated a double subgenomic infectious Sindbis virus (dsSIN:C3) recombinant which expressed C3 in >95% of EL4 cells. This intracellular C3 resulted in modification and inactivation of virtually all endogenous Rho. dsSIN:C3 infection led to the formation of multinucleate cells, likely by inhibiting the actin microfilament-dependent step of cytokinesis. Intriguingly, in spite of the inhibition of cytokinesis, karyokinesis continued, with the result that cells containing a nuclear DNA content as high as 16N (eight nuclei) were observed. In addition, dsSIN:C3-mediated inactivation of Rho was a potent activator of apoptosis in EL4 cells. To discern whether the formation of multinucleate cells was responsible for the activation of apoptosis, 5-fluorouracil (5-FUra) was used to induce cell cycle arrest. As expected, EL4 cells treated with 5-FUra were prevented from forming multinucleate cells upon infection with dsSIN:C3. dsSIN:C3 infection, however, still caused marked apoptosis in 5-FUra-treated cells, indicating that this activation of apoptosis was independent of multinucleate cell formation.

Hollow Cathode Plasma-Enhanced Atomic Layer Deposition of Silicon Nitride Using Pentachlorodisilane.

PubMed

Meng, Xin; Kim, Harrison Sejoon; Lucero, Antonio T; Hwang, Su Min; Lee, Joy S; Byun, Young-Chul; Kim, Jiyoung; Hwang, Byung Keun; Zhou, Xiaobing; Young, Jeanette; Telgenhoff, Michael

2018-04-25

In this work, a novel chlorodisilane precursor, pentachlorodisilane (PCDS, HSi 2 Cl 5 ), was investigated for the growth of silicon nitride (SiN x ) via hollow cathode plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD). A well-defined self-limiting growth behavior was successfully demonstrated over the growth temperature range of 270-360 °C. At identical process conditions, PCDS not only demonstrated approximately >20% higher growth per cycle than that of a commercially available chlorodisilane precursor, hexachlorodisilane (Si 2 Cl 6 ), but also delivered a better or at least comparable film quality determined by characterizing the refractive index, wet etch rate, and density of the films. The composition of the SiN x films grown at 360 °C using PCDS, as determined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, showed low O content (∼2 at. %) and Cl content (<1 at. %; below the detection limit). Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy spectra suggested that N-H bonds were the dominant hydrogen-containing bonds in the SiN x films without a significant amount of Si-H bonds originating from the precursor molecules. The possible surface reaction pathways of the PEALD SiN x using PCDS on the surface terminated with amine groups (-NH 2 and -NH-) are proposed. The PEALD SiN x films grown using PCDS also exhibited a leakage current density as low as 1-2 nA/cm 2 at 2 MV/cm and a breakdown electric field as high as ∼12 MV/cm.

The peroxynitrite donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine induces reversible changes in electrophysiological properties of neurons of the guinea-pig spinal cord.

PubMed

Ashki, N; Hayes, K C; Bao, F

2008-09-22

Elevated concentrations of nitric oxide (NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) are present within the CNS following neurotrauma and are implicated in the pathogenesis of the accompanying neurologic deficits. We tested the hypothesis that elevated extracellular concentrations of ONOO(-), introduced by the donor 3-morpholinosydnonimine (SIN-1), induce reversible axonal conduction deficits in neurons of the guinea-pig spinal cord. The compound action potential (CAP) and compound membrane potential (CMP) of excised ventral cord white matter were recorded before, during, and after, bathing the tissue (30 min) in varying concentrations (0.125-2.0 mM) of SIN-1 (3.75-60 microM ONOO(-)). The principal results were rapid onset, concentration-dependent, reductions in amplitude of the CAP (P<0.05). At a concentration of 0.25 mM of SIN-1 the reduction in CAP amplitude was fully reversible and was not accompanied by any changes in CMP. At higher concentrations of SIN-1 (> or =0.5 mM) the reversibility was incomplete and there was concurrent depolarization of the CMP. These electrophysiological changes were not evident when the donor had been a priori depleted of ONOO(-) by uric acid or was co-administered with the ONOO(-) scavenger ebselen (3 mM). Immuno-fluorescence staining for nitrotyrosine (Ntyr) revealed extensive nitration of tyrosine residues in neurons exposed to higher concentrations of SIN-1. These results are the first to demonstrate that ONOO(-) induces reversible conduction deficits within axons of the spinal cord. The dissociation of CAP and CMP changes at low concentrations of SIN-1, when the CAP changes were reversible and there was no evidence of nitration of tyrosine residues, is consistent with ONOO(-)-induced alteration in Na+ channel conductance in the axolemma. The results support the view that ONOO(-) contributes to both reversible and non-reversible neurologic deficits following neurotrauma. The reversal of immune-mediated conduction deficits may contribute to spontaneous neurologic deficits following neurotrauma.

Randomized DNA libraries construction tool: a new 3-bp 'frequent cutter' TthHB27I/sinefungin endonuclease with chemically-induced specificity.

PubMed

Krefft, Daria; Papkov, Aliaksei; Prusinowski, Maciej; Zylicz-Stachula, Agnieszka; Skowron, Piotr M

2018-05-11

Acoustic or hydrodynamic shearing, sonication and enzymatic digestion are used to fragment DNA. However, these methods have several disadvantages, such as DNA damage, difficulties in fragmentation control, irreproducibility and under-representation of some DNA segments. The DNA fragmentation tool would be a gentle enzymatic method, offering cleavage frequency high enough to eliminate DNA fragments distribution bias and allow for easy control of partial digests. Only three such frequently cleaving natural restriction endonucleases (REases) were discovered: CviJI, SetI and FaiI. Therefore, we have previously developed two artificial enzymatic specificities, cleaving DNA approximately every ~ 3-bp: TspGWI/sinefungin (SIN) and TaqII/SIN. In this paper we present the third developed specificity: TthHB27I/SIN(SAM) - a new genomic tool, based on Type IIS/IIC/IIG Thermus-family REases-methyltransferases (MTases). In the presence of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) or its analogue SIN, the 6-bp cognate TthHB27I recognition sequence 5'-CAARCA-3' is converted into a combined 3.2-3.0-bp 'site' or its statistical equivalent, while a cleavage distance of 11/9 nt is retained. Protocols for various modes of limited DNA digestions were developed. In the presence of DMSO and SAM or SIN, TthHB27I is transformed from rare 6-bp cutter to a very frequent one, approximately 3-bp. Thus, TthHB27I/SIN(SAM) comprises a new tool in the very low-represented segment of such prototype REases specificities. Moreover, this modified TthHB27I enzyme is uniquely suited for controlled DNA fragmentation, due to partial DNA cleavage, which is an inherent feature of the Thermus-family enzymes. Such tool can be used for quasi-random libraries generation as well as for other DNA manipulations, requiring high frequency cleavage and uniform distribution of cuts along DNA.

Sensory-Cognitive Interaction in the Neural Encoding of Speech in Noise: A Review

PubMed Central

Anderson, Samira; Kraus, Nina

2011-01-01

Background Speech-in-noise (SIN) perception is one of the most complex tasks faced by listeners on a daily basis. Although listening in noise presents challenges for all listeners, background noise inordinately affects speech perception in older adults and in children with learning disabilities. Hearing thresholds are an important factor in SIN perception, but they are not the only factor. For successful comprehension, the listener must perceive and attend to relevant speech features, such as the pitch, timing, and timbre of the target speaker’s voice. Here, we review recent studies linking SIN and brainstem processing of speech sounds. Purpose To review recent work that has examined the ability of the auditory brainstem response to complex sounds (cABR), which reflects the nervous system’s transcription of pitch, timing, and timbre, to be used as an objective neural index for hearing-in-noise abilities. Study Sample We examined speech-evoked brainstem responses in a variety of populations, including children who are typically developing, children with language-based learning impairment, young adults, older adults, and auditory experts (i.e., musicians). Data Collection and Analysis In a number of studies, we recorded brainstem responses in quiet and babble noise conditions to the speech syllable /da/ in all age groups, as well as in a variable condition in children in which /da/ was presented in the context of seven other speech sounds. We also measured speech-in-noise perception using the Hearing-in-Noise Test (HINT) and the Quick Speech-in-Noise Test (QuickSIN). Results Children and adults with poor SIN perception have deficits in the subcortical spectrotemporal representation of speech, including low-frequency spectral magnitudes and the timing of transient response peaks. Furthermore, auditory expertise, as engendered by musical training, provides both behavioral and neural advantages for processing speech in noise. Conclusions These results have implications for future assessment and management strategies for young and old populations whose primary complaint is difficulty hearing in background noise. The cABR provides a clinically applicable metric for objective assessment of individuals with SIN deficits, for determination of the biologic nature of disorders affecting SIN perception, for evaluation of appropriate hearing aid algorithms, and for monitoring the efficacy of auditory remediation and training. PMID:21241645

Ten Sins Challenging Education in the Contemporary Global Era: A Philosophical Essay

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sinagatullin, Ilghiz M.

2004-01-01

According to this author, the modern epoch is characterized by a decrease of vital spirituality and an increase of materialistic values and virtues. This article discusses what the author views as the ten sins challenging education in the contemporary global era. These are: (1) the shrinking of spiritual values; (2) corruption; (3) sexual…

Campaign Sii Ha Sin: Shaping the Future of Tribal Colleges and Universities

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

American Indian College Fund, 2004

2004-01-01

The impact of the American Indian College Fund's Campaign Sii Ha Sin has been immediate and profound. The capital campaign, appropriately named for the Navajo concept of hope, has helped establish the tribal colleges as a positive and central force in American Indian higher education, the communities served by the tribal colleges and ultimately,…

Acute Sin Nombre hantavirus infection without pulmonary syndrome, United States.

PubMed Central

Kitsutani, P. T.; Denton, R. W.; Fritz, C. L.; Murray, R. A.; Todd, R. L.; Pape, W. J.; Wyatt Frampton, J.; Young, J. C.; Khan, A. S.; Peters, C. J.; Ksiazek, T. G.

1999-01-01

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome (HPS) occurs in most infections with Sin Nombre virus and other North American hantaviruses. We report five cases of acute hantavirus infection that did not fit the HPS case definition. The patients had characteristic prodromal symptoms without severe pulmonary involvement. These cases suggest that surveillance for HPS may need to be expanded. PMID:10511527

Gay and Lesbian Students in Catholic High Schools: A Qualitative Study of Alumni Narratives

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Maher, Michael J.

2007-01-01

The Catholic Magisterium has made a distinction between homosexual orientation (disordered but not sinful), homosexual activity (sinful, but judged "with prudence"), rights of gay and lesbian people, and the Church's pastoral responsibilities to gay and lesbian people. Both the Vatican and the American bishops have clearly stated that the topic of…

Original Sin and T. E. Hulme's Aesthetics

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Kishler, Thomas C.

1976-01-01

T. E. Hulme, a vigorous opponent of romanticism in art, poetry, and philosophy, insisted that the underlying flaw of the romantic view was its rejection of the dogma of Original Sin and the fall of man. His views are explored for the significant bearing they have on the development of aesthetic insight and indirectly on value and outlook.…

Sorted Index Numbers for Privacy Preserving Face Recognition

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Wang, Yongjin; Hatzinakos, Dimitrios

2009-12-01

This paper presents a novel approach for changeable and privacy preserving face recognition. We first introduce a new method of biometric matching using the sorted index numbers (SINs) of feature vectors. Since it is impossible to recover any of the exact values of the original features, the transformation from original features to the SIN vectors is noninvertible. To address the irrevocable nature of biometric signals whilst obtaining stronger privacy protection, a random projection-based method is employed in conjunction with the SIN approach to generate changeable and privacy preserving biometric templates. The effectiveness of the proposed method is demonstrated on a large generic data set, which contains images from several well-known face databases. Extensive experimentation shows that the proposed solution may improve the recognition accuracy.

Notes on "bioethics and sin" by Jean-Francois Collange.

PubMed

Cozby, Dimitri

2005-08-01

Placing the notion of sin in the context of a meontic account of evil, and emphasizing the effect of sin on the sinner himself, this commentary exposes the insufficiency of restricting oneself to human efforts at atonement, and of thus underemphasizing the role of Christ. Collange's claim that the teaching of "predestination" is rooted in Paul and that the doctrine of merits and indulgences is rooted in Augustine is criticized, and Luther's "forensic" understanding is linked with Augustine, rather than with Paul. Collange's reduction of the concern for holiness to respect and trust is contrasted with holiness's essential context of loving unification with God. The commentary closes by exposing the unsatisfactory scantiness of Collange's treatment of cloning, health-care economy, and of the evils of life.

MEASUREMENT OF sin 2φ1 IN b → c And b → s DECAYS AT Belle

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Hastings, Nicholas C.

Measurements of time-dependent CP asymmetries in B0 → J/ψK0, φK0, K+K- KS, η' KS, f0 (980) KS and ωKS decays based on 386 × 106 Bbar{B} pairs collected by the Belle detector are presented. With this data sample, the J/ψK0 mode provides a precision measurement of sin2 φ1. The other modes, which proceed via b → s penguin (loop) diagrams are sensitive to new physics phases which may appear within the loop. Differing sin2 φ1 measurements between J/ψK0 and the b → s penguin modes could be a signature of such phases.

Development and Application of Decision Aid for Tactical Control of Battlefield Operations: Bibliographic Sort of the Decision Aiding Literature

DTIC Science & Technology

1973-12-01

THEORY GAML THE’RY GROUP PROb SQL= U tIC PMLTRIC3b 63 C.LARKSON G a DEC MAK IN SMALL GROUPS A SIM STUDY bLHt SCI 6t0 13 2081 bRUNER J b STUDIES IN...MAK IN SMALL GROUPS A SIN STUDY : BLH 5(1 6d 13 2861 DODSON j 0 AS SIN RES FACILITYz SIN SYS DGN FOR TE AkCRL 111 PRI9I4• FLEEING R ASKS PROC.CONFLICTING...POU315IC HF. 66 MAR 7-1 SHURL ( H NNUAtCENTER FOR COMP BASED BEH STUDIES UCLA SEMIA NTIS-AD 731059 713 CLARKSON b DEC MAK IN SMALL GROUPS A SIM STUDY

The ethics of sin taxes.

PubMed

Green, Rebecca

2011-01-01

ABSTRACT The current global economic crisis is forcing governments to consider a variety of methods to generate funds for infrastructure. In the United States, smoking-related illness and an obesity epidemic are forcing public health institutions to consider a variety of methods to influence health behaviors of entire target groups. In this paper, the author uses a public health nursing model, the Public Health Code of Ethics (Public Health Leadership Society, 2002), the American Nurses' Association (ANA) Code of Ethics (2001), and other relevant ethical theory to weigh and balance the arguments for and against the use of sin taxes. A position advocating the limited use of sin taxes is supported as a reasonable stance for the public health professional. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The mini-cog: a cognitive 'vital signs' measure for dementia screening in multi-lingual elderly.

PubMed

Borson, S; Scanlan, J; Brush, M; Vitaliano, P; Dokmak, A

2000-11-01

The Mini-Cog, a composite of three-item recall and clock drawing, was developed as a brief test for discriminating demented from non-demented persons in a community sample of culturally, linguistically, and educationally heterogeneous older adults. All 129 who met criteria for probable dementia based on informant interviews and 120 with no history of cognitive decline were included; 124 were non-English speakers. Sensitivity, specificity, and diagnostic value of the Mini-Cog were compared with those of the Mini-Mental State Exam (MMSE) and Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument (CASI). The Mini-Cog had the highest sensitivity (99%) and correctly classified the greatest percentage (96%) of subjects. Moreover, its diagnostic value was not influenced by education or language, while that of the CASI was adversely influenced by low education, and both education and language compromised the diagnostic value of the MMSE. Administration time for the Mini-Cog was 3 minutes vs 7 minutes for the MMSE. The Mini-Cog required minimal language interpretation and training to administer, and no test forms of scoring modifications were needed to compensate for the extensive linguistic and educational heterogeneity of the sample. Validation in clinical and population-based samples is warranted, as its brevity and ease of administration suggest that the Mini-Cog might be readily incorporated into general practice and senior care settings as a routine 'cognitive vital signs' measure. Copyright 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Linking goniometer measurements to hyperspectral and multisensor imagery for retrieval of beach properties and coastal characterization

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Bachmann, Charles M.; Gray, Deric; Abelev, Andrei; Philpot, William; Montes, Marcos J.; Fusina, Robert; Musser, Joseph; Li, Rong-Rong; Vermillion, Michael; Smith, Geoffrey; Korwan, Daniel; Snow, Charlotte; Miller, W. David; Gardner, Joan; Sletten, Mark; Georgiev, Georgi; Truitt, Barry; Killmon, Marcus; Sellars, Jon; Woolard, Jason; Parrish, Christopher; Schwarzscild, Art

2012-06-01

In June 2011, a multi-sensor airborne remote sensing campaign was flown at the Virginia Coast Reserve Long Term Ecological Research site with coordinated ground and water calibration and validation (cal/val) measurements. Remote sensing imagery acquired during the ten day exercise included hyperspectral imagery (CASI-1500), topographic LiDAR, and thermal infra-red imagery, all simultaneously from the same aircraft. Airborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) data acquisition for a smaller subset of sites occurred in September 2011 (VCR'11). Focus areas for VCR'11 were properties of beaches and tidal flats and barrier island vegetation and, in the water column, shallow water bathymetry. On land, cal/val emphasized tidal flat and beach grain size distributions, density, moisture content, and other geotechnical properties such as shear and bearing strength (dynamic deflection modulus), which were related to hyperspectral BRDF measurements taken with the new NRL Goniometer for Outdoor Portable Hyperspectral Earth Reflectance (GOPHER). This builds on our earlier work at this site in 2007 related to beach properties and shallow water bathymetry. A priority for VCR'11 was to collect and model relationships between hyperspectral imagery, acquired from the aircraft at a variety of different phase angles, and geotechnical properties of beaches and tidal flats. One aspect of this effort was a demonstration that sand density differences are observable and consistent in reflectance spectra from GOPHER data, in CASI hyperspectral imagery, as well as in hyperspectral goniometer measurements conducted in our laboratory after VCR'11.

Gene Cluster Encoding Cholate Catabolism in Rhodococcus spp.

PubMed Central

Wilbrink, Maarten H.; Casabon, Israël; Stewart, Gordon R.; Liu, Jie; van der Geize, Robert; Eltis, Lindsay D.

2012-01-01

Bile acids are highly abundant steroids with important functions in vertebrate digestion. Their catabolism by bacteria is an important component of the carbon cycle, contributes to gut ecology, and has potential commercial applications. We found that Rhodococcus jostii RHA1 grows well on cholate, as well as on its conjugates, taurocholate and glycocholate. The transcriptome of RHA1 growing on cholate revealed 39 genes upregulated on cholate, occurring in a single gene cluster. Reverse transcriptase quantitative PCR confirmed that selected genes in the cluster were upregulated 10-fold on cholate versus on cholesterol. One of these genes, kshA3, encoding a putative 3-ketosteroid-9α-hydroxylase, was deleted and found essential for growth on cholate. Two coenzyme A (CoA) synthetases encoded in the cluster, CasG and CasI, were heterologously expressed. CasG was shown to transform cholate to cholyl-CoA, thus initiating side chain degradation. CasI was shown to form CoA derivatives of steroids with isopropanoyl side chains, likely occurring as degradation intermediates. Orthologous gene clusters were identified in all available Rhodococcus genomes, as well as that of Thermomonospora curvata. Moreover, Rhodococcus equi 103S, Rhodococcus ruber Chol-4 and Rhodococcus erythropolis SQ1 each grew on cholate. In contrast, several mycolic acid bacteria lacking the gene cluster were unable to grow on cholate. Our results demonstrate that the above-mentioned gene cluster encodes cholate catabolism and is distinct from a more widely occurring gene cluster encoding cholesterol catabolism. PMID:23024343

Top-Down Protein Identification of Proteasome Proteins with nanoLC FT-ICR MS Employing Data-Independent Fragmentation Methods

PubMed Central

Lakshmanan, Rajeswari; Wolff, Jeremy J.; Alvarado, Rudy; Loo, Joseph A.

2014-01-01

A comparison of different data-independent fragmentation methods combined with liquid chromatography (LC) coupled to high resolution Fourier-transform ion cyclotron resonance (FT-ICR) tandem mass spectrometry (MS) is presented for top-down MS of protein mixtures. Proteins composing the 20S and 19S proteasome complex and their post-translational modifications were identified using a 15-Tesla FT-ICR mass spectrometer. The data-independent fragmentation modes with LC timescales allowed for higher duty cycle measurements that better suit on-line LC-FT-ICR-MS. Protein top-down dissociation was effected by funnel-skimmer collisionally activated dissociation (FS-CAD) and CASI (Continuous Accumulation of Selected Ions)-CAD. The N-terminus for 9 out of the 14 20S proteasome proteins were found to be modified, and the α3 protein was found to be phosphorylated; these results are consistent with previous reports. Mass measurement accuracy with the LC-FT-ICR system for the 20–30 kDa 20S proteasome proteins was 1 ppm. The intact mass of the 100 kDa Rpn1 subunit from the 19S proteasome complex regulatory particle was measured with a deviation of 17 ppm. The CASI-CAD technique is a complementary tool for intact protein fragmentation and is an effective addition to the growing inventory of dissociation methods which are compatible with on-line protein separation coupled to FT-ICR MS. PMID:24478249

Mitigation of cadmium and arsenic in rice grain by applying different silicon fertilizers in contaminated fields.

PubMed

Wang, Hong-Yan; Wen, Shi-Lin; Chen, Peng; Zhang, Lu; Cen, Kuang; Sun, Guo-Xin

2016-02-01

A field experiment was established to support the hypothesis that application of different silicon (Si) fertilizers can simultaneously reduce cadmium (Cd) and arsenic (As) concentration in rice grain. The "semi-finished product of Si-potash fertilizer" treatment at the high application of 9000 kg/ha (NP+S-KSi9000) significantly reduced the As concentration in rice grain by up to 20.1%, compared with the control. Si fertilization reduces the Cd concentration in rice considerably more than the As concentration. All Si fertilizers apart from sodium metasilicate (Na2SiO3) exhibited a high ability to reduce Cd concentration in rice grain. The Si-calcium (CaSi) fertilizer is the most effective in the mitigation of Cd concentration in rice grain. The CaSi fertilizer applied at 9000 kg/ha (NPK+CaSi9000) and 900 kg/ha (NPK+CaSi900) reduced the Cd concentration in rice grain about 71.5 and 48.0%, respectively, while the Si-potash fertilizer at 900 kg/ha (NP+KSi900), the semi-finished product of Si-potash fertilizer at both 900 kg/ha (NP+S-KSi900) and 9000 kg/ha (NP+S-KSi9000), and the rice straw (NPK+RS) treatments reduced the Cd concentration in rice grain about 42, 26.5, 40.7, and 23.1%, respectively. The results of this investigation demonstrated the potential effects of Si fertilizers in reducing Cd and As concentrations in rice grain.

Development of Ultra-Low-Noise TES Bolometer Arrays

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Suzuki, T.; Khosropanah, P.; Ridder, M. L.; Hijmering, R. A.; Gao, J. R.; Akamatsu, H.; Gottardi, L.; van der Kuur, J.; Jackson, B. D.

2016-07-01

SRON is developing ultra-low-noise transition edge sensors (TESs) based on a superconducting Ti/Au bilayer on a suspended SiN island with SiN legs for SAFARI aboard SPICA. We have two major concerns about realizing TESs with an ultra-low NEP of 2× 10^{-19} hbox {W}/√{{ {Hz}}}: achieving lower thermal conductance and no excess noise with respect to the phonon noise. To realize TESs with phonon-noise-limited NEPs, we need to make thinner ({<}0.25 \\upmu hbox {m}) and narrower ({<}1 \\upmu hbox {m}) SiN legs. With deep reactive-ion etching, three types of TESs were fabricated in combination with different SiN island sizes and the presence or absence of an optical absorber. Those TESs have a thin (0.20 \\upmu hbox {m}), narrow (0.5-0.7 \\upmu hbox {m}), and long (340-460 \\upmu hbox {m}) SiN legs and show Tc of {˜ }93 hbox {mK} and Rn of {˜ }158 hbox {m}{Ω }. These TESs were characterized under AC bias using our frequency-division multiplexing readout (1-3 MHz) system. TESs without the absorber show NEPs as low as 1.1 × 10^{-19} hbox {W}/√{{ {Hz}}} with a reasonable response speed ({<}1 hbox {ms}), which achieved the phonon noise limit. For TESs with the absorber, we confirmed a higher hbox {NEP}_{el} ({˜ }5 × 10^{-19} hbox {W}/√{{ {Hz}}}) than that of TESs without the absorber likely due to stray light. The lowest NEP can make the new version of SAFARI with a grating spectrometer feasible.

Molecular characterization of the pSinB plasmid of the arsenite oxidizing, metallotolerant Sinorhizobium sp. M14 - insight into the heavy metal resistome of sinorhizobial extrachromosomal replicons.

PubMed

Romaniuk, Krzysztof; Dziewit, Lukasz; Decewicz, Przemyslaw; Mielnicki, Sebastian; Radlinska, Monika; Drewniak, Lukasz

2017-01-01

Sinorhizobium sp. M14 is an As(III)-oxidizing, psychrotolerant strain, capable of growth in the presence of extremely high concentrations of arsenic and many other heavy metals. Metallotolerant abilities of the M14 strain depend upon the presence of two extrachromosomal replicons: pSinA (∼ 109 kb) and pSinB (∼ 300 kb). The latter was subjected to complex analysis. The performed analysis demonstrated that the plasmid pSinB is a narrow-host-range repABC-type replicon, which is fully stabilized by the phd-vapC-like toxin-antitoxin stabilizing system. In silico analysis showed that among the phenotypic gene clusters of the plasmid pSinB, eight modules are potentially involved in heavy metals resistance (HMR). These modules carry genes encoding efflux pumps, permeases, transporters and copper oxidases, which provide resistance to arsenic, cadmium, cobalt, copper, iron, mercury, nickel, silver and zinc. The functional analysis revealed that the HMR modules are active and have an effect on the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values observed for the heterological host cells. The phenotype was manifested by an increase or decrease of the MICs of heavy metals and it was strain specific. The analysis of distribution of the heavy metal resistance genes, i.e. resistome, in Sinorhizobium spp. plasmids, revealed that the HMR modules are common in these replicons. © FEMS 2016. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail: journals.permissions@oup.com.

Amplitude of the Lidov-Kozai I and e oscillations in asteroid families

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vinogradova, T. A.

2017-07-01

Asteroid families were used to study secular perturbations induced by the Lidov-Kozai mechanism (LKM). The LKM represents coupled long-period oscillations of the inclination I and the eccentricity e. These oscillations depend on the argument of the perihelion ω and become substantial for high inclinations and large eccentricities. After excluding classical secular perturbations, the LKM oscillations of the elements became visible very clearly in the distributions of orbital elements (sin I, ω) and (e, ω). These oscillations can be approximated by the functions Asin Isin (2ω + 90°) and Aesin (2ω - 90°), respectively, and the amplitudes of the oscillations Asin I and Ae can be easily obtained by the least-squares method. By excluding the LKM oscillations, we can calculate the proper elements Ip and ep. Asteroid families that have different proper inclinations and eccentricities were used to study the amplitudes of the LKM I and e oscillations. As a result, it was found that the net amplitude A = √{A_{sin I}^2+A_e^2} increases with increasing Ip and ep and can be approximated by a power law of the product epsin Ip. If the amplitude A is known, the amplitudes of the e and I oscillations can be calculated as Ae = Acos α and Asin I = Asin α, where tan α = -e_p(1-sin ^2 i_p)/sin i_p(1-e_p^2). It follows that the relationship between the amplitudes is approximately described as Asin I/Ae ≈ ep/sin Ip.

Do Schacter's Seven Sins of Memory Apply to Ratings of Children's Emotional and Behavioral Functioning?

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Renk, Kimberly; Donnelly, Reesa; McKinney, Cliff; Baksh, Elizabeth

2007-01-01

Schacter (2001) proposes that there are seven memory malfunctions that occur in everyday life and that affect individuals' ability to recall occurrences in their lives. Given that these sins affect other areas of memory, it is likely that they may affect the ratings that informants provide when they are recalling characteristics of the emotional…

Plagiarism and Other Sins Seem Rife in Science Journals, a Digital Sleuth Finds

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Guterman, Lila

2008-01-01

Faculty members gnash their teeth and wring their hands when students plagiarize. They cry for offenders to be punished. But now an online text-search program directed at their own work suggests that professors in biomedicine may be just as guilty of paper-writing sins. More than 70,000 article abstracts appeared disturbingly similar to other…

Boundaries in Visualizing Mathematical Behaviour

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Hare, Andrew Francis

2013-01-01

It is surprising to students to learn that a natural combination of simple functions, the function sin(1/x), exhibits behaviour that is a great challenge to visualize. When x is large the function is relatively easy to draw; as x gets smaller the function begins to behave in an increasingly wild manner. The sin(1/x) function can serve as one of…

The ROSCOE MANUAL. Volume 27. Natural Background Radiation

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-07-01

159 cloud configurations in the statistical cloud model, this distribution function has 160 members for nighttime and 161 mem - bers for daytime: 159...COWA - SIN( ON+DETLAT ) RINOUT 1A5 Q14P - A8S( OETLOW-POSLOW RI NO, T 146 1Ff QNP.GE.PI ) OHP - TWOPI-QNP RINOU!T 1,47 SINOMP -SIN’ ONP ) QRIWfoUT

Sin Fronteras Boy: Students Create Collaborative Websites to Explore the Border

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Cornell, Grace

2012-01-01

Around one table, four 4th-grade girls chat quietly as they write on their laptops: Ruby interviews Alejandra about her experience crossing the U.S.-Mexico border as a 6-year-old. Meanwhile, Cindy turns notes from an interview with her uncle into a narrative about his immigration experience. Next to them, four boys work on the "Sin Fronteras…

A Damping Grid Strapdown Inertial Navigation System Based on a Kalman Filter for Ships in Polar Regions.

PubMed

Huang, Weiquan; Fang, Tao; Luo, Li; Zhao, Lin; Che, Fengzhu

2017-07-03

The grid strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) used in polar navigation also includes three kinds of periodic oscillation errors as common SINS are based on a geographic coordinate system. Aiming ships which have the external information to conduct a system reset regularly, suppressing the Schuler periodic oscillation is an effective way to enhance navigation accuracy. The Kalman filter based on the grid SINS error model which applies to the ship is established in this paper. The errors of grid-level attitude angles can be accurately estimated when the external velocity contains constant error, and then correcting the errors of the grid-level attitude angles through feedback correction can effectively dampen the Schuler periodic oscillation. The simulation results show that with the aid of external reference velocity, the proposed external level damping algorithm based on the Kalman filter can suppress the Schuler periodic oscillation effectively. Compared with the traditional external level damping algorithm based on the damping network, the algorithm proposed in this paper can reduce the overshoot errors when the state of grid SINS is switched from the non-damping state to the damping state, and this effectively improves the navigation accuracy of the system.

Freedom in responsibility: on the relevance of "sin" as a hermeneutic guiding principle in bioethical decision making.

PubMed

Gräb-Schmidt, Elisabeth

2005-08-01

This essay deals with questions of responsibility concerning technology, in particular, gene technology and the special problem of research on embryos. I raise issues concerning the extent of humans' authority to act and the limits of human freedom. In what way is that freedom given, and what kind of responsibility results from it? By discussing various concepts of human freedom in the tradition of European philosophy, as juxtaposed to the Protestant understanding of freedom, this essay discusses the restricting limits, and the obligation to take responsibility. It will turn out that the question concerning freedom cannot be answered without understanding what being human involves. From a Christian perspective, this implies that the foundational relationship between human freedom and sin will be central to an assessment of the human ability to take responsibility. By obliterating the limits of human freedom, sin jeopardizes the very essence of that freedom. The project of taking into account the sinful state of the human condition thus aims at developing a realistic picture of the authority of humans in action, even in view of the human tasks of promoting science and research.

Initial Alignment of Large Azimuth Misalignment Angles in SINS Based on Adaptive UPF

PubMed Central

Sun, Jin; Xu, Xiao-Su; Liu, Yi-Ting; Zhang, Tao; Li, Yao

2015-01-01

The case of large azimuth misalignment angles in a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) is analyzed, and a method of using the adaptive UPF for the initial alignment is proposed. The filter is based on the idea of a strong tracking filter; through the introduction of the attenuation memory factor to effectively enhance the corrections of the current information residual error on the system, it reduces the influence on the system due to the system simplification, and the uncertainty of noise statistical properties to a certain extent; meanwhile, the UPF particle degradation phenomenon is better overcome. Finally, two kinds of non-linear filters, UPF and adaptive UPF, are adopted in the initial alignment of large azimuth misalignment angles in SINS, and the filtering effects of the two kinds of nonlinear filter on the initial alignment were compared by simulation and turntable experiments. The simulation and turntable experiment results show that the speed and precision of the initial alignment using adaptive UPF for a large azimuth misalignment angle in SINS under the circumstance that the statistical properties of the system noise are certain or not have been improved to some extent. PMID:26334277

Tevatron Run II Combination of the Effective Leptonic Electroweak Mixing Angle

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Aaltonen, Timo Antero; et al.

Drell-Yan lepton pairs produced in the processmore » $$p \\bar{p} \\rightarrow \\ell^+\\ell^- + X$$ through an intermediate $$\\gamma^*/Z$$ boson have an asymmetry in their angular distribution related to the spontaneous symmetry breaking of the electroweak force and the associated mixing of its neutral gauge bosons. The CDF and D0 experiments have measured the effective-leptonic electroweak mixing parameter $$\\sin^2\\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff}$$ using electron and muon pairs selected from the full Tevatron proton-antiproton data sets collected in 2001-2011, corresponding to 9-10 fb$$^{-1}$$ of integrated luminosity. The combination of these measurements yields the most precise result from hadron colliders, $$\\sin^2 \\theta^{\\rm lept}_{\\rm eff} = 0.23148 \\pm 0.00033$$. This result is consistent with, and approaches in precision, the best measurements from electron-positron colliders. The standard model inference of the on-shell electroweak mixing parameter $$\\sin^2\\theta_W$$, or equivalently the $W$-boson mass $$M_W$$, using the \\textsc{zfitter} software package yields $$\\sin^2 \\theta_W = 0.22324 \\pm 0.00033$$ or equivalently, $$M_W = 80.367 \\pm 0.017 \\;{\\rm GeV}/c^2$$.« less

A Novel Mammalian Complex Containing Sin3B Mitigates Histone Acetylation and RNA Polymerase II Progression within Transcribed Loci▿

PubMed Central

Jelinic, Petar; Pellegrino, Jessica; David, Gregory

2011-01-01

Transcription requires the progression of RNA polymerase II (RNAP II) through a permissive chromatin structure. Recent studies of Saccharomyces cerevisiae have demonstrated that the yeast Sin3 protein contributes to the restoration of the repressed chromatin structure at actively transcribed loci. Yet, the mechanisms underlying the restoration of the repressive chromatin structure at transcribed loci and its significance in gene expression have not been investigated in mammals. We report here the identification of a mammalian complex containing the corepressor Sin3B, the histone deacetylase HDAC1, Mrg15, and the PHD finger-containing Pf1 and show that this complex plays important roles in regulation of transcription. We demonstrate that this complex localizes at discrete loci approximately 1 kb downstream of the transcription start site of transcribed genes, and this localization requires both Pf1's and Mrg15's interaction with chromatin. Inactivation of this mammalian complex promotes increased RNAP II progression within transcribed regions and subsequent increased transcription. Our results define a novel mammalian complex that contributes to the regulation of transcription and point to divergent uses of the Sin3 protein homologues throughout evolution in the modulation of transcription. PMID:21041482

Influence of SST from Pacific and Atlantic Ocean and atmospheric circulation in the precipitation regime of basin from Brazilian SIN

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Custodio, M. D.; Ramos, C. G.; Madeira, P.; de Macedo, A. L.

2013-12-01

The South American climate presents tropical, subtropical and extratropical features because of its territorial extension, being influenced by a variety of dynamical systems with different spatial and temporal scales which result in different climatic regimes in their subregions. Furthermore, the precipitation regime in South America is influenced by low-frequency phenomena as El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), the Atlantic dipole and the Madden Julian Oscilation (MJO), in other words, is directly influenced by variations of the Sea Surface Temperature (SST). Due to the importance of the precipitation for many sectors including the planning of productive activities, such as agriculture, livestock and hydropower energy, many studies about climate variations in Brazil have tried to determine and explain the mechanisms that affect the precipitation regime. However, because of complexity of the climate system, and consequently of their impacts on the global precipitation regime, its interactions are not totally understood and therefore misrepresented in numerical models used to forecast climate. The precipitation pattern over hydrographic basin which form the Brasilian National Interconnected System (Sistema Interligado Nacional-SIN) are not yet known and therefore the climate forecast of these regions still presents considerable failure that need to be corrected due to its economic importance. In this context, the purpose here is to determine the precipitation patterns on the Brazilian SIN, based on SST and circulation observed data. In a second phase a forecast climate model for these regions will be produced. In this first moment 30 years (1983 to 2012) of SST over Pacific and Atlantic Ocean were analyzed, along with wind in 850 and 200 hPa and precipitation observed data. The precipitation patterns were analyzed through statistical analyses for interannual (ENSO) and intraseasonal (MJO) anomalies for these variables over the SIN basin. Subsequently, these precipitation patterns will be used for the development of a statistical model for climate prediction for each of these regions, with which it is expected an improvement of up to 20% of climate prediction in these basins. In this first stage was evident a high correlation between precipitation in the basins of SIN and SST Pacific anomalies over the region of Niños, as well as on the coast of Chile and Peru. The effect of SST anomalies in the Niños region on precipitation in the South America is already known, however its quantification was not yet well understood. The coast of Chile determines the positioning and movement of cold fronts directly affecting rainfall in southern and southeastern of Brazil, then the correlation and rain pattern indicate the parameters for the climate prediction model. The anomalies over the Atlantic ocean present high correlation with the precipitation in North and Northeast of Brazil, as well as its connection with the Pacific anomalies. This quantification generated climatic parameters for predictions for these regions. The relationship between the canonical ENSO events and precipitation regime on the basins were also quantified which represents a high degree of assertiveness in predicting climate of these regions.

AUV Underwater Positioning Algorithm Based on Interactive Assistance of SINS and LBL.

PubMed

Zhang, Tao; Chen, Liping; Li, Yao

2015-12-30

This paper studies an underwater positioning algorithm based on the interactive assistance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and LBL, and this algorithm mainly includes an optimal correlation algorithm with aided tracking of an SINS/Doppler velocity log (DVL)/magnetic compass pilot (MCP), a three-dimensional TDOA positioning algorithm of Taylor series expansion and a multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. The final simulation results show that compared to traditional underwater positioning algorithms, this scheme can not only directly correct accumulative errors caused by a dead reckoning algorithm, but also solves the problem of ambiguous correlation peaks caused by multipath transmission of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed method can calibrate the accumulative error of the AUV position more directly and effectively, which prolongs the underwater operating duration of the AUV.

Fabrication of Low-Noise TES Arrays for the SAFARI Instrument on SPICA

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Ridder, M. L.; Khosropanah, P.; Hijmering, R. A.; Suzuki, T.; Bruijn, M. P.; Hoevers, H. F. C.; Gao, J. R.; Zuiddam, M. R.

2016-07-01

Ultra-low-noise transition edge sensors (TES) with noise equivalent power lower than 2 × 10^{-19} W/Hz^{1/2 } have been fabricated by SRON, which meet the sensitivity requirements for the far-infrared SAFARI instrument on space infrared telescope for cosmology and astrophysics. Our TES detector is based on a titanium/gold (Ti/Au) thermistor on a silicon nitride (SiN) island. The island is thermally linked with SiN legs to a silicon support structure at the bath temperature. The SiN legs are very thin (250 nm), narrow (500 nm), and long (above 300 {\\upmu } m); these dimensions are needed in leg-isolated bolometers to achieve the required level of sensitivity. In this paper, we describe the latest fabrication process for our TES bolometers with improved sensitivity.

Photoluminescence properties of arsenic and boron doped Si3N4 nanocrystal embedded in SiN x O y matrix

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Puglia, Denise; Sombrio, Guilherme; dos Reis, Roberto; Boudinov, Henri

2018-03-01

Photoluminescence emission of Si3N4 nanocrystals embedded in SiN x O y matrices was investigated. Nanocrystals were grown by annealing of silicon oxynitride films deposited by sputtering, passivated in forming gas atmosphere and implanted with boron and arsenic. Emission energy was tuned from green to ultraviolet by changing the composition of SiN x O y matrices. Structural characterization of the nanocrystals was performed by Transmission Electron Microscopy. Photoluminescence at room and low temperatures was analyzed and the results suggest that light emission originates in the interface between the nanocrystals and the matrix. The highest photoluminescence intensity at room temperature was achieved by arsenic doped silicon oxynitride films deposited with an excess of nitrogen.

CALQ8: A FORTRAN-IV Calculator Emulation Program.

DTIC Science & Technology

1980-11-18

8217, (PLEASE 40TE 7HAT -O-A CAN BE CHIANGED AT Afff T1,1E BY ENTERING ’DLG’ .R IRADi D SIN (/Z 1SIN(/2 ~7SUE-J7 SIN90 ~,7S5UEi) 12 SUM~ =31. 2491 AVERAGE...M1if VX(J)0 2: ANS(J)Ain(active. NRNUM=EXU(O deactivnt ERatiat writgSUM incivt INEPJ and seISUJ=R actie? 194 FLOWCHART (CONTINUED) - PARENTHESES...2𔃺G40E)I3ST^1 + 0139 (K..NE-13446B)O TO 340 OM4 FACT0:77" 01.41 fc .O 790 .31i2 40 YF(I-NE.IST)GO TO495 %󈧰 FtKSNFU(J. NE, )GO TO 490 0145 1(K.Eg,41i4B

Low temperature ECR-CVD of SiN X for III-V device passivation

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Lee, J. W.; MacKenzie, K.; Johnson, D.; Shul, R. J.; Pearton, S. J.; Ren, F.

1998-06-01

Electron Cyclotron Resonance SiH 4/N 2 and SiH 4/NH 3 discharges have been employed for deposition of SiN X over a range of temperatures (25-120°C), source powers (200-700 W), pressures (15-40 mTorr), SiH 4 percentages (20-50%) and additional Ar flow rates (0-30 sccm). Deposition rates were in the range 100-700 Å min -1, with refractive indices of 1.7-2.3. The SiH 4/N 2 chemistry allowed a wider process window for tailoring the stress in the SiN X films, with chuck temperature, ECR source power, chamber pressure, SiH 4 composition and Ar addition all producing a transition from compressive to tensile stress, or vice-versa.

Geolocation Via Satellite: A Methodology and Error Analysis

DTIC Science & Technology

1988-05-01

o - sing cow0o sinoo (4.449) acoso = in a... ! (4.44b) asin1 _ acos = 0 (4.45) ax0 No0 2!!LO- = -cso sinI sinvo (4.46a) 89coso = io5s (4.46b) avo...CS6 av0 asinO = o (4.47a) acoso snocs (4.47b) asina = siflA acoso (4.48a) a9cosA - i + COS sin - sinqS0 asino aoo O-So COSOO c s sb aoo -COSA a9coso...4.48b) asinb __ cosa= 0 (4.49) ax0 ax0 asinA =_ sifl cosv - sinA acoso (4.50a) av0 cos OS v aCoSA CSflOO OS fl4o COSA ao ~ (4.50b) (9os acs a 0 * o4

Evidence of early disk-locking among low-mass members of the Orion Nebula Cluster

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Biazzo, K.; Melo, C. H. F.; Pasquini, L.; Randich, S.; Bouvier, J.; Delfosse, X.

2009-12-01

Context: We present new high-resolution spectroscopic observations for 91 pre-main sequence stars in the Orion Nebular Cluster (ONC) with masses in the range 0.10-0.25~M_⊙ carried out with the multi-fiber spectrograph flames attached to the UT2 at the Paranal Observatory. Aims: Our aim is to better understand the disk-locking scenario in very low-mass stars. Methods: We have derived radial velocities, projected rotational velocities, and full width at 10% of the Hα emission peak. Using published measurements of infrared excess (Δ(I_C-K)), as disk tracer and equivalent width of the nead-infrared Ca II line λ8542, mid-infrared difference [3.6]-[8.0] μm derived by Spitzer data, and 10% Hα width as diagnostic of the level of accretion, we looked for any correlation between projected angular rotational velocity divided by the radius (v sin i/R) and presence of disk and accretion. Results: For 4 low-mass stars, the cross-correlation function is clearly double-lined, indicating that the stars are SB2 systems. The distribution of rotation periods derived from our v sin i measurements is unimodal with a peak of a few days, in agreement with previous results for M<0.25~M_⊙. The photometric periods were combined with our v sin i to derive the equatorial velocity and the distribution of rotational axes. Our < sin i> is lower than the one expected for a random distribution, as previously found. We find no evidence of a population of fast rotators close to the break-up velocity. A clear correlation between v sin i/R and Δ(I_C-K) has been found. While a spread in the rotation rates is seen for stars with no circumstellar disk (Δ(I_C-K)<0.3), stars with a circumstellar disk (Δ(I_C-K)>0.3) show an abrupt drop in their rotation rates by a factor of ~5. On the other hand, only a partial correlation between v sin i and accretion is observed when other indicators are used. The X-ray coronal activity level (log L_X/L_bol) shows no dependence on v sin i/R, suggesting that all stars are in a saturated regime limit. The critical velocity is probably below our v sin i detection limit of 9 km s-1. Conclusions: The ONC low-mass stars in our sample, close to the hydrogen burning limit, at present do not seem to be locked, but the clear correlation we find between rotation and infrared color excess suggests that they were locked once. In addition, the percentage of accretors seems to scale inversely to the stellar mass. Based on the flames Science Verification proposal 60.A-9145(A) and the flames proposal 76.C-0524(A). Table [see full textsee full textsee full textsee full text] is only available in electronic form at http://www.aanda.org

PubMed

Valero Chávez, Francisco Javier; Luengo Pérez, Luis Miguel; Cubero Juánez, Javier

2016-09-20

Introducción: ante las nuevas implicaciones atribuidas a la vitamina D y la asociación con enfermedades tales como el cáncer, diabetes, enfermedades cardiovasculares, autoinmunes y mortalidad, no es de extrañar que se haya defendido la medición de los niveles de vitamina D en la población general. Sin embargo, no existen datos experimentales que demuestren la viabilidad y rentabilidad de la estrategia de cribado en la población y tampoco se ha comprobado la existencia de beneficios para la salud, por lo que en la actualidad solo es aconsejable la medida de 25 (OH) vitamina D en los grupos de personas de alto riesgo como indican las guías clínicas internacionales.Objetivos: analizar las peticiones de vitamina D comprobando si se adecuan a las guías clínicas.Métodos: realizamos un estudio descriptivo transversal en el Área de Salud de Badajoz (España) estudiando las peticiones de determinación de vitamina D durante 12 meses consecutivos (n = 3.907). En dicho estudio revisamos el diagnóstico de petición y la historia clínica del paciente para discriminar entre peticiones que se adecuaban a las guías clínicas y peticiones injustificadas. Por último, realizamos el estudio económico.Resultados: en nuestros resultados encontramos que casi un tercio de peticiones no se adecuaban a las guías clínicas, en patologías tales como diabetes, dislipemias e hipertensión en las que no está recomendada la medición de los niveles de vitamina D, por lo que suponía un exceso de gasto para el sistema sanitario. Gasto que se incrementa cada año, tanto es así que se ha producido un aumento en las peticiones de más del 1.000% en los últimos 6 años.Conclusiones: concluimos la necesidad de crear protocolos de petición de vitamina D que se ajusten a las guías clínicas hasta que existan más estudios experimentales sobre las nuevas implicaciones de la vitamina D y así conseguir una correcta utilización de los recursos económicos del hospital.

Variations of summer phytoplankton community related to environmental factors in a macro-tidal estuarine embayment, Hangzhou Bay, China

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yuexia; Yu, Jun; Jiang, Zhibing; Wang, Qin; Wang, Hui

2015-12-01

To explore the distribution and composition of phytoplankton community and their responses to environmental changes, summer net-collected phytoplankton and physicochemical parameters in the Hangzhou Bay during 2004-2010 were investigated. A total of four phyla and 84 species were identified, including 67 diatom and 12 dinoflagellate species. The dominant species constantly consisted of the diatoms, although the dominance of dinoflagellate and cyanobacteria increased recently. Due to great spatio-temporal variations in environmental factors (salinity, suspended solids, and nutrient concentration), significant heterogeneities in community compositions among different years and subregions (inner and middle sections, and bay mouth) were found based on the analyses of multidimensional scaling and similarity. Canonical correspondence analysis showed that salinity and Si/N were the main variables associated with algal assemblage. Compared with the historical data since the 1980s, eutrophication (N, P, and N/P increased with decreasing Si/N) was exacerbated drastically. Moreover, climatic forcing and human activities resulted in a series of physical alterations, including sediment retention, temperature increase, and salinity decrease as well as reduction in water exchanges. All these changes induced obvious increases in cell density and Chl- a while decreases in species diversity and diatom-dinoflagellate ratio as well as the shifting of dominant species. Therefore, the long-term phytoplankton variations were closely related to anthropogenic and climatic perturbations in the Hangzhou Bay.

Vega: A rapidly rotating pole-on star

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Gulliver, Austin F.; Hill, Graham; Adelman, Saul J.

1994-01-01

High-dispersion (2.4 A/mm), ultrahigh signal-to-noise ratio (3000:1) Reticon spectra of Vega revealed two distinct types of profiles. The strong lines exhibit classical rotational profiles with enhanced wings, but the weak lines have distinctly different, flat-bottomed profiles. Using ATLAS9 model atmopheres and SYNTHE synthetic spectra, Vega has been modeled as a rapidly rotating, pole-on star with a gradient in temperature and gravity over the photosphere. By fitting to the flat-bottomed line profiles of Fe 1 lambda 4528 and Ti 2 lambda 4529, we find least-squares fit values of V sin i = 21.8 plus or minus 0.2 km/sec polar T(sub eff) = 9695 plus or minus 25 K, polar log(base 10)g = 3.75 plus or minus 0.02 dex, V(sub eq) = 245 plus or minus 15 km/sec, and inclination 5 deg .1 plus or minus 0 deg .3. The variations in T(sub eff) and log(base 10)g over the photosphere total 390 K and 0.08 dex, respectively. Assuming V sin i = 21.8 km/sec, an independent fit to the observed continuous flux from 1200 to 10,500 A produced a similar set of values with polar T(sub eff) = 9595 plus or minus 20 K, polar log(base 10)g = 3.80 plus or minus 0.03 dex, and inclination 6 deg .0 plus or minus 0 deg .7.

Developing Large-Scale Bayesian Networks by Composition: Fault Diagnosis of Electrical Power Systems in Aircraft and Spacecraft

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Mengshoel, Ole Jakob; Poll, Scott; Kurtoglu, Tolga

2009-01-01

This CD contains files that support the talk (see CASI ID 20100021404). There are 24 models that relate to the ADAPT system and 1 Excel worksheet. In the paper an investigation into the use of Bayesian networks to construct large-scale diagnostic systems is described. The high-level specifications, Bayesian networks, clique trees, and arithmetic circuits representing 24 different electrical power systems are described in the talk. The data in the CD are the models of the 24 different power systems.

SpaceX CRS-11 "What's on Board?" Science Briefing

NASA Image and Video Library

2017-05-31

Ken Shields, director of Operations for the Center for the Advancement of Science in Space (CASIS)/ISS National Lab, speaks to members of social media in the Kennedy Space Center’s Press Site auditorium. The briefing focused on research planned for launch to the International Space Station. The scientific materials and supplies will be aboard a Dragon spacecraft scheduled for launch from Kennedy’s Launch Complex 39A on June 1 atop a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket on the company's 11th Commercial Resupply Services mission to the space station.

DIVWAG Model Documentation. Volume II. Programmer/Analyst Manual. Part 3. Chapter 7 Through 8.

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-07-01

platoon area is circular. 2. The center of impact of the volley coincides with the center of the circular platoon area. (c) The fraction ( PHIT ) of rounds of...the volley expected to fall within the platoon area then is calculated as: PHIT = 1 - exp (-APLAT/27rr 2 ), where APLAT is the area (in square meters...type located in the platoon area. This is accomplished as follows: IV-8-16 CASi = Ni * [I - exp (- PHIT *LAi*NOR)] (IV-8-11) where CAS, = number of losses

Detection Of Concrete Deterioration By Staining

DOEpatents

Guthrie, Jr., George D.; Carey, J. William

1999-09-21

A method using concentrated aqueous solutions of sodium cobaltinitrite and a rhodamine dye is described which can be used to identify concrete that contains gels formed by the alkali-silica reaction (ASR), and to identify degraded concrete which results in a porous or semi-permeable paste due to carbonation or leaching. These solutions present little health or environmental risk, are readily applied, and rapidly discriminate between two chemically distinct gels; K-rich, Na--K--Ca--Si gels are identified by yellow staining, and alkali-poor, Ca--Si gels are identified by pink staining.

Two-dimensional ultra-thin SiO(x) (0 < x < 2) nanosheets with long-term cycling stability as lithium ion battery anodes.

PubMed

Sun, Lin; Su, Tingting; Xu, Lei; Liu, Meipin; Du, Hong-Bin

2016-03-21

Ultra-thin SiO(x) (0 < x < 2) nanosheets were obtained via a convenient solvothermal route from a Zintl compound CaSi2. After carbon coating, the SiOx@C nanosheet anodes exhibit high capacity, good rate and superior cycling performance for high-capacity lithium ion battery applications. The specific capacity can be maintained as high as 760 mA h g(-1) with almost no capacity decay after 400 cycles at a current density of 0.5 A g(-1).

High-performance Thin-layer Chromatography Method Development, Validation, and Simultaneous Quantification of Four Compounds Identified in Standardized Extracts of Orthosiphon stamineus.

PubMed

Hashim, Suzana; Beh, Hooi Kheng; Hamil, Mohamad Shahrul Ridzuan; Ismail, Zhari; Majid, Amin Malik Shah Abdul

2016-01-01

Orthosiphon stamineus is a medicinal herb widely grown in Southeast Asia and tropical countries. It has been used traditionally as a diuretic, abdominal pain, kidney and bladder inflammation, gout, and hypertension. This study aims to develop and validate the high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method for quantification of rosmarinic acid (RA), 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (TMF), sinensitin (SIN) and eupatorin (EUP) found in ethanol, 50% ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves. HPTLC method was conducted using an HPTLC system with a developed mobile phase system of toluene: ethyl acetate: formic acid (3:7:0.1) performed on precoated silica gel 60 F254 TLC plates. The method was validated based on linearity, accuracy, precision, limit of detection, limit of quantification (LOQ), and specificity, respectively. The detection of spots was observed at ultraviolet 254 nm and 366 nm. The linearity of RA, TMF, SIN, and EUP were obtained between 10 and 100 ng/spot with high correlation coefficient value (R 2 ) of more than 0.986. The limit of detection was found to be 122.47 ± 3.95 (RA), 43.38 ± 0.79 (SIN), 17.26 ± 1.16 (TMF), and 46.80 ± 1.33 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. Whereas the LOQ was found to be 376.44 ± 6.70 (RA), 131.45 ± 2.39 (SIN), 52.30 ± 2.01 (TMF), and 141.82 ± 1.58 ng/spot (EUP), respectively. The proposed method showed good linearity, precision, accuracy, and high sensitivity. Hence, it may be applied in a routine quantification of RA, SIN, TMF, and EUP found in ethanol, 50% of ethanol and water extract of O. stamineus leaves. HPTLC method provides rapid estimation of the marker compound for routine quality control analysis.The established HPTLC method is rapid for qualitative and quantitative fingerprinting of Orthosiphon stamineus extract used for commercial product.Four identified markers (RA, SIN, EUP and TMF) found in three a different type of O. stamineus extracts specifically ethanol, 50% ethanol and water extract were successfully quantified using HPTLC method. Abbreviations Used : HPTLC: High-performance thin layer chromatography; RA: Rosmarinic acid; TMF: 3'-hydroxy-5,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone; SIN: Sinensitin; EUP: Eupatorin; E: Ethanol; EW: 50% ethanol; W: Water; BK: Batu Kurau; KB: Kepala Batas; S: Sik; CJ: Changkat Jering; SB: Sungai Buloh.

An Evaluation of the BKB-SIN, HINT, QuickSIN, and WIN Materials on Listeners with Normal Hearing and Listeners with Hearing Loss

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Wilson, Richard H.; McArdle, Rachel A.; Smith, Sherri L.

2007-01-01

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine in listeners with normal hearing and listeners with sensorineural hearing loss the within- and between-group differences obtained with 4 commonly available speech-in-noise protocols. Method: Recognition performances by 24 listeners with normal hearing and 72 listeners with sensorineural hearing…

Roots of Sin and Destruction of the Religious Education in the Shia Belief

ERIC Educational Resources Information Center

Sadeghiyan, Mehri

2016-01-01

The religious Education is one of the key components of the present age detachment from which poses numerous problems for the society Islamic. One of the factors effective in the destruction of the religious Education is the roots of sin avoiding which can lead to the improvement of the religious Education of the members of the society. Thus, the…

Unintentional consequences of dual mode plasma reactors: Implications for upscaling lab-record silicon surface passivation by silicon nitride

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Tong, Jingnan; To, Alexander; Lennon, Alison; Hoex, Bram

2017-08-01

Silicon nitride (SiN x ) synthesised by low-temperature plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) is the most extensively used antireflection coating for crystalline silicon solar cells because of its tunable refractive index in combination with excellent levels of surface and bulk passivation. This has attracted a significant amount of research on developing SiN x films towards an optimal electrical and optical performance. Typically, recipes are first optimised in lab-scale reactors and subsequently, the best settings are transferred to high-throughput reactors. In this paper, we show that for one particular, but widely used, PECVD reactor configuration this upscaling is severely hampered by an important experimental artefact. Specifically, we report on the unintentional deposition of a dual layer structure in a dual mode AK 400 plasma reactor from Roth & Rau which has a significant impact on its surface passivation performance. It is found that the radio frequency (RF) substrate bias ignites an unintentional depositing plasma before the ignition of the main microwave (MW) plasma. This RF plasma deposits a Si-rich intervening SiN x layer (refractive index = 2.4) while using a recipe for stoichiometric SiN x . This layer was found to be 18 nm thick in our case and had an extraordinary impact on the Si surface passivation, witnessed by a reduction in effective surface recombination velocity from 22.5 to 6.2 cm/s. This experimental result may explain some “out of the ordinary” excellent surface passivation results reported recently for nearly stoichiometric SiN x films and has significant consequences when transferring these results to high-throughput deposition systems.

Structural and optical characterization of pure Si-rich nitride thin films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Debieu, Olivier; Nalini, Ramesh Pratibha; Cardin, Julien; Portier, Xavier; Perrière, Jacques; Gourbilleau, Fabrice

2013-01-01

The specific dependence of the Si content on the structural and optical properties of O- and H-free Si-rich nitride (SiN x>1.33) thin films deposited by magnetron sputtering is investigated. A semiempirical relation between the composition and the refractive index was found. In the absence of Si-H, N-H, and Si-O vibration modes in the FTIR spectra, the transverse and longitudinal optical (TO-LO) Si-N stretching pair modes could be unambiguously identified using the Berreman effect. With increasing Si content, the LO and the TO bands shifted to lower wavenumbers, and the LO band intensity dropped suggesting that the films became more disordered. Besides, the LO and the TO bands shifted to higher wavenumbers with increasing annealing temperature which may result from the phase separation between Si nanoparticles (Si-np) and the host medium. Indeed, XRD and Raman measurements showed that crystalline Si-np formed upon 1100°C annealing but only for SiN x<0.8. Besides, quantum confinement effects on the Raman peaks of crystalline Si-np, which were observed by HRTEM, were evidenced for Si-np average sizes between 3 and 6 nm. A contrario, visible photoluminescence (PL) was only observed for SiN x>0.9, demonstrating that this PL is not originating from confined states in crystalline Si-np. As an additional proof, the PL was quenched while crystalline Si-np could be formed by laser annealing. Besides, the PL cannot be explained neither by defect states in the bandgap nor by tail to tail recombination. The PL properties of SiN x>0.9 could be then due to a size effect of Si-np but having an amorphous phase.

A Three-Step Atomic Layer Deposition Process for SiN x Using Si2Cl6, CH3NH2, and N2 Plasma.

PubMed

Ovanesyan, Rafaiel A; Hausmann, Dennis M; Agarwal, Sumit

2018-06-06

We report a novel three-step SiN x atomic layer deposition (ALD) process using Si 2 Cl 6 , CH 3 NH 2 , and N 2 plasma. In a two-step process, nonhydrogenated chlorosilanes such as Si 2 Cl 6 with N 2 plasmas lead to poor-quality SiN x films that oxidize rapidly. The intermediate CH 3 NH 2 step was therefore introduced in the ALD cycle to replace the NH 3 plasma step with a N 2 plasma, while using Si 2 Cl 6 as the Si precursor. This three-step process lowers the atomic H content and improves the film conformality on high-aspect-ratio nanostructures as Si-N-Si bonds are formed during a thermal CH 3 NH 2 step in addition to the N 2 plasma step. During ALD, the reactive surface sites were monitored using in situ surface infrared spectroscopy. Our infrared spectra show that, on the post-N 2 plasma-treated SiN x surface, Si 2 Cl 6 reacts primarily with the surface -NH 2 species to form surface -SiCl x ( x = 1, 2, or 3) bonds, which are the reactive sites during the CH 3 NH 2 cycle. In the N 2 plasma step, reactive -NH 2 surface species are created because of the surface H available from the -CH 3 groups. At 400 °C, the SiN x films have a growth per cycle of ∼0.9 Å with ∼12 atomic percent H. The films grown on high-aspect-ratio nanostructures have a conformality of ∼90%.

Measurements of neutrino oscillation in appearance and disappearance channels by the T2K experiment with 6.6 ×1 020 protons on target

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, K.; Adam, J.; Aihara, H.; Akiri, T.; Andreopoulos, C.; Aoki, S.; Ariga, A.; Assylbekov, S.; Autiero, D.; Barbi, M.; Barker, G. J.; Barr, G.; Bartet-Friburg, P.; Bass, M.; Batkiewicz, M.; Bay, F.; Berardi, V.; Berger, B. E.; Berkman, S.; Bhadra, S.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Blondel, A.; Bolognesi, S.; Bordoni, S.; Boyd, S. B.; Brailsford, D.; Bravar, A.; Bronner, C.; Buchanan, N.; Calland, R. G.; Caravaca Rodríguez, J.; Cartwright, S. L.; Castillo, R.; Catanesi, M. G.; Cervera, A.; Cherdack, D.; Chikuma, N.; Christodoulou, G.; Clifton, A.; Coleman, J.; Coleman, S. J.; Collazuol, G.; Connolly, K.; Cremonesi, L.; Dabrowska, A.; Danko, I.; Das, R.; Davis, S.; de Perio, P.; De Rosa, G.; Dealtry, T.; Dennis, S. R.; Densham, C.; Dewhurst, D.; Di Lodovico, F.; Di Luise, S.; Dolan, S.; Drapier, O.; Duboyski, T.; Duffy, K.; Dumarchez, J.; Dytman, S.; Dziewiecki, M.; Emery-Schrenk, S.; Ereditato, A.; Escudero, L.; Ferchichi, C.; Feusels, T.; Finch, A. J.; Fiorentini, G. A.; Friend, M.; Fujii, Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Furmanski, A. P.; Galymov, V.; Garcia, A.; Giffin, S.; Giganti, C.; Gilje, K.; Goeldi, D.; Golan, T.; Gonin, M.; Grant, N.; Gudin, D.; Hadley, D. R.; Haegel, L.; Haesler, A.; Haigh, M. D.; Hamilton, P.; Hansen, D.; Hara, T.; Hartz, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Hastings, N. C.; Hayashino, T.; Hayato, Y.; Hearty, C.; Helmer, R. L.; Hierholzer, M.; Hignight, J.; Hillairet, A.; Himmel, A.; Hiraki, T.; Hirota, S.; Holeczek, J.; Horikawa, S.; Hosomi, F.; Huang, K.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Ieki, K.; Ieva, M.; Ikeda, M.; Imber, J.; Insler, J.; Irvine, T. J.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Iwai, E.; Iwamoto, K.; Iyogi, K.; Izmaylov, A.; Jacob, A.; Jamieson, B.; Jiang, M.; Johnson, S.; Jo, J. H.; Jonsson, P.; Jung, C. K.; Kabirnezhad, M.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kajita, T.; Kakuno, H.; Kameda, J.; Kanazawa, Y.; Karlen, D.; Karpikov, I.; Katori, T.; Kearns, E.; Khabibullin, M.; Khotjantsev, A.; Kielczewska, D.; Kikawa, T.; Kilinski, A.; Kim, J.; King, S.; Kisiel, J.; Kitching, P.; Kobayashi, T.; Koch, L.; Koga, T.; Kolaceke, A.; Konaka, A.; Kopylov, A.; Kormos, L. L.; Korzenev, A.; Koshio, Y.; Kropp, W.; Kubo, H.; Kudenko, Y.; Kurjata, R.; Kutter, T.; Lagoda, J.; Lamont, I.; Larkin, E.; Laveder, M.; Lawe, M.; Lazos, M.; Lindner, T.; Lister, C.; Litchfield, R. P.; Longhin, A.; Lopez, J. P.; Ludovici, L.; Magaletti, L.; Mahn, K.; Malek, M.; Manly, S.; Marino, A. D.; Marteau, J.; Martin, J. F.; Martins, P.; Martynenko, S.; Maruyama, T.; Matveev, V.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Mazzucato, E.; McCarthy, M.; McCauley, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; Mefodiev, A.; Metelko, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Mijakowski, P.; Miller, C. A.; Minamino, A.; Mineev, O.; Missert, A.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Mueller, Th. A.; Murakami, A.; Murdoch, M.; Murphy, S.; Myslik, J.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakahata, M.; Nakamura, K. G.; Nakamura, K.; Nakayama, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nakayoshi, K.; Nantais, C.; Nielsen, C.; Nirkko, M.; Nishikawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Nowak, J.; O'Keeffe, H. M.; Ohta, R.; Okumura, K.; Okusawa, T.; Oryszczak, W.; Oser, S. M.; Ovsyannikova, T.; Owen, R. A.; Oyama, Y.; Palladino, V.; Palomino, J. L.; Paolone, V.; Payne, D.; Perevozchikov, O.; Perkin, J. D.; Petrov, Y.; Pickard, L.; Pinzon Guerra, E. S.; Pistillo, C.; Plonski, P.; Poplawska, E.; Popov, B.; Posiadala-Zezula, M.; Poutissou, J.-M.; Poutissou, R.; Przewlocki, P.; Quilain, B.; Radicioni, E.; Ratoff, P. N.; Ravonel, M.; Rayner, M. A. M.; Redij, A.; Reeves, M.; Reinherz-Aronis, E.; Riccio, C.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Rojas, P.; Rondio, E.; Roth, S.; Rubbia, A.; Ruterbories, D.; Rychter, A.; Sacco, R.; Sakashita, K.; Sánchez, F.; Sato, F.; Scantamburlo, E.; Scholberg, K.; Schoppmann, S.; Schwehr, J. D.; Scott, M.; Seiya, Y.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiya, H.; Sgalaberna, D.; Shah, R.; Shaker, F.; Shaw, D.; Shiozawa, M.; Short, S.; Shustrov, Y.; Sinclair, P.; Smith, B.; Smy, M.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Sobel, H.; Sorel, M.; Southwell, L.; Stamoulis, P.; Steinmann, J.; Still, B.; Suda, Y.; Suzuki, A.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, S. Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Tacik, R.; Tada, M.; Takahashi, S.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tanaka, H. K.; Tanaka, H. A.; Tanaka, M. M.; Terhorst, D.; Terri, R.; Thompson, L. F.; Thorley, A.; Tobayama, S.; Toki, W.; Tomura, T.; Touramanis, C.; Tsukamoto, T.; Tzanov, M.; Uchida, Y.; Vacheret, A.; Vagins, M.; Vasseur, G.; Wachala, T.; Wakamatsu, K.; Walter, C. W.; Wark, D.; Warzycha, W.; Wascko, M. O.; Weber, A.; Wendell, R.; Wilkes, R. J.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, C.; Williamson, Z.; Wilson, J. R.; Wilson, R. J.; Wongjirad, T.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yanagisawa, C.; Yano, T.; Yen, S.; Yershov, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Yoo, J.; Yoshida, K.; Yuan, T.; Yu, M.; Zalewska, A.; Zalipska, J.; Zambelli, L.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zito, M.; Żmuda, J.; T2K Collaboration

2015-04-01

We report on measurements of neutrino oscillation using data from the T2K long-baseline neutrino experiment collected between 2010 and 2013. In an analysis of muon neutrino disappearance alone, we find the following estimates and 68% confidence intervals for the two possible mass hierarchies: normal hierarchy: sin2θ23=0.51 4-0.056+0.055 and Δ m322=(2.51 ±0.10 )×1 0-3 eV2/c4 and inverted hierarchy: sin2θ23=0.511 ±0.055 and Δ m132=(2.48 ±0.10 )×1 0-3 eV2/c4 . The analysis accounts for multinucleon mechanisms in neutrino interactions which were found to introduce negligible bias. We describe our first analyses that combine measurements of muon neutrino disappearance and electron neutrino appearance to estimate four oscillation parameters, |Δ m2|, sin2θ23, sin2θ13, δC P, and the mass hierarchy. Frequentist and Bayesian intervals are presented for combinations of these parameters, with and without including recent reactor measurements. At 90% confidence level and including reactor measurements, we exclude the region δC P=[0.15 ,0.83 ]π for normal hierarchy and δC P=[-0.08 ,1.09 ]π for inverted hierarchy. The T2K and reactor data weakly favor the normal hierarchy with a Bayes factor of 2.2. The most probable values and 68% one-dimensional credible intervals for the other oscillation parameters, when reactor data are included, are sin2θ23=0.52 8-0.038+0.055 and |Δ m322 |=(2.51 ±0.11 )×1 0-3 eV2/c4 .

Measurement of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations by the T2K experiment including a new additional sample of νe interactions at the far detector

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Abe, K.; Amey, J.; Andreopoulos, C.; Antonova, M.; Aoki, S.; Ariga, A.; Ashida, Y.; Ban, S.; Barbi, M.; Barker, G. J.; Barr, G.; Barry, C.; Batkiewicz, M.; Berardi, V.; Berkman, S.; Bhadra, S.; Bienstock, S.; Blondel, A.; Bolognesi, S.; Bordoni, S.; Boyd, S. B.; Brailsford, D.; Bravar, A.; Bronner, C.; Buizza Avanzini, M.; Calland, R. G.; Campbell, T.; Cao, S.; Cartwright, S. L.; Catanesi, M. G.; Cervera, A.; Chappell, A.; Checchia, C.; Cherdack, D.; Chikuma, N.; Christodoulou, G.; Coleman, J.; Collazuol, G.; Coplowe, D.; Cudd, A.; Dabrowska, A.; De Rosa, G.; Dealtry, T.; Denner, P. F.; Dennis, S. R.; Densham, C.; Di Lodovico, F.; Dolan, S.; Drapier, O.; Duffy, K. E.; Dumarchez, J.; Dunne, P.; Emery-Schrenk, S.; Ereditato, A.; Feusels, T.; Finch, A. J.; Fiorentini, G. A.; Fiorillo, G.; Friend, M.; Fujii, Y.; Fukuda, D.; Fukuda, Y.; Garcia, A.; Giganti, C.; Gizzarelli, F.; Golan, T.; Gonin, M.; Hadley, D. R.; Haegel, L.; Haigh, J. T.; Hansen, D.; Harada, J.; Hartz, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Hastings, N. C.; Hayashino, T.; Hayato, Y.; Hillairet, A.; Hiraki, T.; Hiramoto, A.; Hirota, S.; Hogan, M.; Holeczek, J.; Hosomi, F.; Huang, K.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Ikeda, M.; Imber, J.; Insler, J.; Intonti, R. A.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Iwai, E.; Iwamoto, K.; Izmaylov, A.; Jamieson, B.; Jiang, M.; Johnson, S.; Jonsson, P.; Jung, C. K.; Kabirnezhad, M.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kajita, T.; Kakuno, H.; Kameda, J.; Karlen, D.; Katori, T.; Kearns, E.; Khabibullin, M.; Khotjantsev, A.; Kim, H.; Kim, J.; King, S.; Kisiel, J.; Knight, A.; Knox, A.; Kobayashi, T.; Koch, L.; Koga, T.; Koller, P. P.; Konaka, A.; Kormos, L. L.; Koshio, Y.; Kowalik, K.; Kudenko, Y.; Kurjata, R.; Kutter, T.; Lagoda, J.; Lamont, I.; Lamoureux, M.; Lasorak, P.; Laveder, M.; Lawe, M.; Licciardi, M.; Lindner, T.; Liptak, Z. J.; Litchfield, R. P.; Li, X.; Longhin, A.; Lopez, J. P.; Lou, T.; Ludovici, L.; Lu, X.; Magaletti, L.; Mahn, K.; Malek, M.; Manly, S.; Maret, L.; Marino, A. D.; Martin, J. F.; Martins, P.; Martynenko, S.; Maruyama, T.; Matveev, V.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Ma, W. Y.; Mazzucato, E.; McCarthy, M.; McCauley, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; Mefodiev, A.; Metelko, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Minamino, A.; Mineev, O.; Mine, S.; Missert, A.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Morrison, J.; Mueller, Th. A.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakahata, M.; Nakamura, K. G.; Nakamura, K.; Nakamura, K. D.; Nakanishi, Y.; Nakayama, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nakayoshi, K.; Nantais, C.; Nielsen, C.; Nishikawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Novella, P.; Nowak, J.; O'Keeffe, H. M.; Okumura, K.; Okusawa, T.; Oryszczak, W.; Oser, S. M.; Ovsyannikova, T.; Owen, R. A.; Oyama, Y.; Palladino, V.; Palomino, J. L.; Paolone, V.; Patel, N. D.; Paudyal, P.; Pavin, M.; Payne, D.; Petrov, Y.; Pickering, L.; Pinzon Guerra, E. S.; Pistillo, C.; Popov, B.; Posiadala-Zezula, M.; Poutissou, J.-M.; Pritchard, A.; Przewlocki, P.; Quilain, B.; Radermacher, T.; Radicioni, E.; Ratoff, P. N.; Rayner, M. A.; Reinherz-Aronis, E.; Riccio, C.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Rondio, E.; Rossi, B.; Roth, S.; Ruggeri, A. C.; Rychter, A.; Sakashita, K.; Sánchez, F.; Scantamburlo, E.; Scholberg, K.; Schwehr, J.; Scott, M.; Seiya, Y.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiya, H.; Sgalaberna, D.; Shah, R.; Shaikhiev, A.; Shaker, F.; Shaw, D.; Shiozawa, M.; Shirahige, T.; Smy, M.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Sobel, H.; Steinmann, J.; Stewart, T.; Stowell, P.; Suda, Y.; Suvorov, S.; Suzuki, A.; Suzuki, S. Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Tacik, R.; Tada, M.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tamura, R.; Tanaka, H. K.; Tanaka, H. A.; Thakore, T.; Thompson, L. F.; Tobayama, S.; Toki, W.; Tomura, T.; Tsukamoto, T.; Tzanov, M.; Vagins, M.; Vallari, Z.; Vasseur, G.; Vilela, C.; Vladisavljevic, T.; Wachala, T.; Walter, C. W.; Wark, D.; Wascko, M. O.; Weber, A.; Wendell, R.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, C.; Wilson, J. R.; Wilson, R. J.; Wret, C.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yanagisawa, C.; Yano, T.; Yen, S.; Yershov, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Yu, M.; Zalewska, A.; Zalipska, J.; Zambelli, L.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zito, M.; T2K Collaboration

2017-11-01

The T2K experiment reports an updated analysis of neutrino and antineutrino oscillations in appearance and disappearance channels. A sample of electron neutrino candidates at Super-Kamiokande in which a pion decay has been tagged is added to the four single-ring samples used in previous T2K oscillation analyses. Through combined analyses of these five samples, simultaneous measurements of four oscillation parameters, |Δ m322 |, sin2θ23, sin2θ13, and δCP and of the mass ordering are made. A set of studies of simulated data indicates that the sensitivity to the oscillation parameters is not limited by neutrino interaction model uncertainty. Multiple oscillation analyses are performed, and frequentist and Bayesian intervals are presented for combinations of the oscillation parameters with and without the inclusion of reactor constraints on sin2θ13. When combined with reactor measurements, the hypothesis of C P conservation (δCP=0 or π ) is excluded at 90% confidence level. The 90% confidence region for δCP is [-2.95 ,-0.44 ] ([-1.47 ,-1.27 ] ) for normal (inverted) ordering. The central values and 68% confidence intervals for the other oscillation parameters for normal (inverted) ordering are Δ m322=2.54 ±0.08 (2.51 ±0.08 )×10-3 eV2/c4 and sin2θ23 =0.5 5-0.09+0.05 (0.5 5-0.08+0.05), compatible with maximal mixing. In the Bayesian analysis, the data weakly prefer normal ordering (Bayes factor 3.7) and the upper octant for sin2θ23 (Bayes factor 2.4).

Neutrino oscillation physics potential of the T2K experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

T2K Collaboration; Abe, K.; Adam, J.; Aihara, H.; Akiri, T.; Andreopoulos, C.; Aoki, S.; Ariga, A.; Assylbekov, S.; Autiero, D.; Barbi, M.; Barker, G. J.; Barr, G.; Bartet-Friburg, P.; Bass, M.; Batkiewicz, M.; Bay, F.; Berardi, V.; Berger, B. E.; Berkman, S.; Bhadra, S.; Blaszczyk, F. d. M.; Blondel, A.; Bojechko, C.; Bordoni, S.; Boyd, S. B.; Brailsford, D.; Bravar, A.; Bronner, C.; Buchanan, N.; Calland, R. G.; Caravaca Rodríguez, J.; Cartwright, S. L.; Castillo, R.; Catanesi, M. G.; Cervera, A.; Cherdack, D.; Christodoulou, G.; Clifton, A.; Coleman, J.; Coleman, S. J.; Collazuol, G.; Connolly, K.; Cremonesi, L.; Dabrowska, A.; Danko, I.; Das, R.; Davis, S.; de Perio, P.; de Rosa, G.; Dealtry, T.; Dennis, S. R.; Densham, C.; Dewhurst, D.; Di Lodovico, F.; Di Luise, S.; Drapier, O.; Duboyski, T.; Duffy, K.; Dumarchez, J.; Dytman, S.; Dziewiecki, M.; Emery-Schrenk, S.; Ereditato, A.; Escudero, L.; Feusels, T.; Finch, A. J.; Fiorentini, G. A.; Friend, M.; Fujii, Y.; Fukuda, Y.; Furmanski, A. P.; Galymov, V.; Garcia, A.; Giffin, S.; Giganti, C.; Gilje, K.; Goeldi, D.; Golan, T.; Gonin, M.; Grant, N.; Gudin, D.; Hadley, D. R.; Haegel, L.; Haesler, A.; Haigh, M. D.; Hamilton, P.; Hansen, D.; Hara, T.; Hartz, M.; Hasegawa, T.; Hastings, N. C.; Hayashino, T.; Hayato, Y.; Hearty, C.; Helmer, R. L.; Hierholzer, M.; Hignight, J.; Hillairet, A.; Himmel, A.; Hiraki, T.; Hirota, S.; Holeczek, J.; Horikawa, S.; Huang, K.; Ichikawa, A. K.; Ieki, K.; Ieva, M.; Ikeda, M.; Imber, J.; Insler, J.; Irvine, T. J.; Ishida, T.; Ishii, T.; Iwai, E.; Iwamoto, K.; Iyogi, K.; Izmaylov, A.; Jacob, A.; Jamieson, B.; Johnson, R. A.; Johnson, S.; Jo, J. H.; Jonsson, P.; Jung, C. K.; Kabirnezhad, M.; Kaboth, A. C.; Kajita, T.; Kakuno, H.; Kameda, J.; Kanazawa, Y.; Karlen, D.; Karpikov, I.; Katori, T.; Kearns, E.; Khabibullin, M.; Khotjantsev, A.; Kielczewska, D.; Kikawa, T.; Kilinski, A.; Kim, J.; King, S.; Kisiel, J.; Kitching, P.; Kobayashi, T.; Koch, L.; Koga, T.; Kolaceke, A.; Konaka, A.; Kormos, L. L.; Korzenev, A.; Koshio, Y.; Kropp, W.; Kubo, H.; Kudenko, Y.; Kurjata, R.; Kutter, T.; Lagoda, J.; Laihem, K.; Lamont, I.; Larkin, E.; Laveder, M.; Lawe, M.; Lazos, M.; Lindner, T.; Lister, C.; Litchfield, R. P.; Longhin, A.; Lopez, J. P.; Ludovici, L.; Magaletti, L.; Mahn, K.; Malek, M.; Manly, S.; Marino, A. D.; Marteau, J.; Martin, J. F.; Martins, P.; Martynenko, S.; Maruyama, T.; Matveev, V.; Mavrokoridis, K.; Mazzucato, E.; McCarthy, M.; McCauley, N.; McFarland, K. S.; McGrew, C.; Mefodiev, A.; Metelko, C.; Mezzetto, M.; Mijakowski, P.; Miller, C. A.; Minamino, A.; Mineev, O.; Missert, A.; Miura, M.; Moriyama, S.; Mueller, Th. A.; Murakami, A.; Murdoch, M.; Murphy, S.; Myslik, J.; Nakadaira, T.; Nakahata, M.; Nakamura, K. G.; Nakamura, K.; Nakayama, S.; Nakaya, T.; Nakayoshi, K.; Nantais, C.; Nielsen, C.; Nirkko, M.; Nishikawa, K.; Nishimura, Y.; Nowak, J.; O'Keeffe, H. M.; Ohta, R.; Okumura, K.; Okusawa, T.; Oryszczak, W.; Oser, S. M.; Ovsyannikova, T.; Owen, R. A.; Oyama, Y.; Palladino, V.; Palomino, J. L.; Paolone, V.; Payne, D.; Perevozchikov, O.; Perkin, J. D.; Petrov, Y.; Pickard, L.; Pinzon Guerra, E. S.; Pistillo, C.; Plonski, P.; Poplawska, E.; Popov, B.; Posiadala-Zezula, M.; Poutissou, J.-M.; Poutissou, R.; Przewlocki, P.; Quilain, B.; Radicioni, E.; Ratoff, P. N.; Ravonel, M.; Rayner, M. A. M.; Redij, A.; Reeves, M.; Reinherz-Aronis, E.; Riccio, C.; Rodrigues, P. A.; Rojas, P.; Rondio, E.; Roth, S.; Rubbia, A.; Ruterbories, D.; Sacco, R.; Sakashita, K.; Sánchez, F.; Sato, F.; Scantamburlo, E.; Scholberg, K.; Schoppmann, S.; Schwehr, J.; Scott, M.; Seiya, Y.; Sekiguchi, T.; Sekiya, H.; Sgalaberna, D.; Shah, R.; Shaker, F.; Shiozawa, M.; Short, S.; Shustrov, Y.; Sinclair, P.; Smith, B.; Smy, M.; Sobczyk, J. T.; Sobel, H.; Sorel, M.; Southwell, L.; Stamoulis, P.; Steinmann, J.; Still, B.; Suda, Y.; Suzuki, A.; Suzuki, K.; Suzuki, S. Y.; Suzuki, Y.; Tacik, R.; Tada, M.; Takahashi, S.; Takeda, A.; Takeuchi, Y.; Tanaka, H. K.; Tanaka, H. A.; Tanaka, M. M.; Terhorst, D.; Terri, R.; Thompson, L. F.; Thorley, A.; Tobayama, S.; Toki, W.; Tomura, T.; Totsuka, Y.; Touramanis, C.; Tsukamoto, T.; Tzanov, M.; Uchida, Y.; Vacheret, A.; Vagins, M.; Vasseur, G.; Wachala, T.; Waldron, A. V.; Wakamatsu, K.; Walter, C. W.; Wark, D.; Warzycha, W.; Wascko, M. O.; Weber, A.; Wendell, R.; Wilkes, R. J.; Wilking, M. J.; Wilkinson, C.; Williamson, Z.; Wilson, J. R.; Wilson, R. J.; Wongjirad, T.; Yamada, Y.; Yamamoto, K.; Yanagisawa, C.; Yano, T.; Yen, S.; Yershov, N.; Yokoyama, M.; Yoshida, K.; Yuan, T.; Yu, M.; Zalewska, A.; Zalipska, J.; Zambelli, L.; Zaremba, K.; Ziembicki, M.; Zimmerman, E. D.; Zito, M.; Żmuda, J.

2015-04-01

The observation of the recent electron neutrino appearance in a muon neutrino beam and the high-precision measurement of the mixing angle θ _{13} have led to a re-evaluation of the physics potential of the T2K long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiment. Sensitivities are explored for CP violation in neutrinos, non-maximal sin ^22θ _{23}, the octant of θ _{23}, and the mass hierarchy, in addition to the measurements of δ _{CP}, sin ^2θ _{23}, and Δ m^2_{32}, for various combinations of ν-mode and bar {ν }-mode data-taking. With an exposure of 7.8× 10^{21} protons-on-target, T2K can achieve 1σ resolution of 0.050 (0.054) on sin ^2θ _{23} and 0.040 (0.045)× 10^{-3} {eV}^2 on Δ m^2_{32} for 100% (50%) neutrino beam mode running assuming sin ^2θ _{23}=0.5 and Δ m^2_{32} = 2.4× 10^{-3} eV^2. T2K will have sensitivity to the CP-violating phase δ _{CP} at 90% C.L. or better over a significant range. For example, if sin ^22θ _{23} is maximal (i.e. θ _{23}=45°) the range is -115° < δ _{CP}< -60° for normal hierarchy and +50° < δ _{CP}< +130° for inverted hierarchy. When T2K data is combined with data from the NOνA experiment, the region of oscillation parameter space where there is sensitivity to observe a non-zero δ _{CP} is substantially increased compared to if each experiment is analyzed alone.

Comparative full-length genome sequence analysis of 14 SARS coronavirus isolates and common mutations associated with putative origins of infection.

PubMed

Ruan, Yi Jun; Wei, Chia Lin; Ee, Ai Ling; Vega, Vinsensius B; Thoreau, Herve; Su, Se Thoe Yun; Chia, Jer-Ming; Ng, Patrick; Chiu, Kuo Ping; Lim, Landri; Zhang, Tao; Peng, Chan Kwai; Lin, Ean Oon Lynette; Lee, Ng Mah; Yee, Sin Leo; Ng, Lisa F P; Chee, Ren Ee; Stanton, Lawrence W; Long, Philip M; Liu, Edison T

2003-05-24

The cause of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) has been identified as a new coronavirus. Whole genome sequence analysis of various isolates might provide an indication of potential strain differences of this new virus. Moreover, mutation analysis will help to develop effective vaccines. We sequenced the entire SARS viral genome of cultured isolates from the index case (SIN2500) presenting in Singapore, from three primary contacts (SIN2774, SIN2748, and SIN2677), and one secondary contact (SIN2679). These sequences were compared with the isolates from Canada (TOR2), Hong Kong (CUHK-W1 and HKU39849), Hanoi (URBANI), Guangzhou (GZ01), and Beijing (BJ01, BJ02, BJ03, BJ04). We identified 129 sequence variations among the 14 isolates, with 16 recurrent variant sequences. Common variant sequences at four loci define two distinct genotypes of the SARS virus. One genotype was linked with infections originating in Hotel M in Hong Kong, the second contained isolates from Hong Kong, Guangzhou, and Beijing with no association with Hotel M (p<0.0001). Moreover, other common sequence variants further distinguished the geographical origins of the isolates, especially between Singapore and Beijing. Despite the recent onset of the SARS epidemic, genetic signatures are emerging that partition the worldwide SARS viral isolates into groups on the basis of contact source history and geography. These signatures can be used to trace sources of infection. In addition, a common variant associated with a non-conservative aminoacid change in the S1 region of the spike protein, suggests that immunological pressures might be starting to influence the evolution of the SARS virus in human populations.

AUV Underwater Positioning Algorithm Based on Interactive Assistance of SINS and LBL

PubMed Central

Zhang, Tao; Chen, Liping; Li, Yao

2015-01-01

This paper studies an underwater positioning algorithm based on the interactive assistance of a strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS) and LBL, and this algorithm mainly includes an optimal correlation algorithm with aided tracking of an SINS/Doppler velocity log (DVL)/magnetic compass pilot (MCP), a three-dimensional TDOA positioning algorithm of Taylor series expansion and a multi-sensor information fusion algorithm. The final simulation results show that compared to traditional underwater positioning algorithms, this scheme can not only directly correct accumulative errors caused by a dead reckoning algorithm, but also solves the problem of ambiguous correlation peaks caused by multipath transmission of underwater acoustic signals. The proposed method can calibrate the accumulative error of the AUV position more directly and effectively, which prolongs the underwater operating duration of the AUV. PMID:26729120

Writing silica structures in liquid with scanning transmission electron microscopy.

PubMed

van de Put, Marcel W P; Carcouët, Camille C M C; Bomans, Paul H H; Friedrich, Heiner; de Jonge, Niels; Sommerdijk, Nico A J M

2015-02-04

Silica nanoparticles are imaged in solution with scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) using a liquid cell with silicon nitride (SiN) membrane windows. The STEM images reveal that silica structures are deposited in well-defined patches on the upper SiN membranes upon electron beam irradiation. The thickness of the deposits is linear with the applied electron dose. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) demonstrate that the deposited patches are a result of the merging of the original 20 nm-diameter nanoparticles, and that the related surface roughness depends on the electron dose rate used. Using this approach, sub-micrometer scale structures are written on the SiN in liquid by controlling the electron exposure as function of the lateral position. © 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.

Trapping penguins with entangled B mesons

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Dadisman, Ryan; Gardner, Susan; Yan, Xinshuai

2016-01-08

Our first direct observation of time-reversal (T) violation in the BBsystem was reported by the BaBar Collaboration, employing the method of Bañuls and Bernabéu. Given this, we generalize their analysis of the time-dependent T-violating asymmetry (AT) to consider different choices of CP tags for which the dominant amplitudes have the same weak phase. As one application, we find that it is possible to measure departures from the universality of sin(2β)directly. If sin(2β)is universal, as in the Standard Model, the method permits the direct determination of penguin effects in these channels. This method, although no longer a strict test of T,more » can yield tests of the sin(2β)universality, or, alternatively, of penguin effects, of much improved precision even with existing data sets.« less

Direct measurement of intrinsic critical strain and internal strain in barrier films

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vellinga, W. P.; De Hosson, J. Th. M.; Bouten, P. C. P.

2011-08-01

Resistance measurements during uniaxial tensile deformation of very thin (10 nm) conducting oxide films deposited on 150 nm SiN films on polyethylene naphthalate are discussed. It is first shown that certain characteristics of resistance versus strain curves are representative for the fracture behavior of the SiN film and not for that of the thin conducting oxide film. Subsequently, it is shown that the hysteresis in curves of resistance as a function of strain offers a way to directly measure the intrinsic critical strain of the SiN film without the need to determine internal strains from independent (curvature) measurements that rely on knowledge of moduli and geometry. The method should be applicable, in general, to measure intrinsic critical strain and residual strains of thin brittle films on polymers. Advantages and limitations of the method are discussed.

Reducing Line Edge Roughness in Si and SiN through plasma etch chemistry optimization for photonic waveguide applications

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marchack, Nathan; Khater, Marwan; Orcutt, Jason; Chang, Josephine; Holmes, Steven; Barwicz, Tymon; Kamlapurkar, Swetha; Green, William; Engelmann, Sebastian

2017-03-01

The LER and LWR of subtractively patterned Si and SiN waveguides was calculated after each step in the process. It was found for Si waveguides that adjusting the ratio of CF4:CHF3 during the hard mask open step produced reductions in LER of 26 and 43% from the initial lithography for isolated waveguides patterned with partial and full etches, respectively. However for final LER values of 3.0 and 2.5 nm on fully etched Si waveguides, the corresponding optical loss measurements were indistinguishable. For SiN waveguides, introduction of C4H9F to the conventional CF4/CHF3 measurement was able to reduce the mask height budget by a factor of 5, while reducing LER from the initial lithography by 26%.

Matching Heard and Seen Speech: An ERP Study of Audiovisual Word Recognition

PubMed Central

Kaganovich, Natalya; Schumaker, Jennifer; Rowland, Courtney

2016-01-01

Seeing articulatory gestures while listening to speech-in-noise (SIN) significantly improves speech understanding. However, the degree of this improvement varies greatly among individuals. We examined a relationship between two distinct stages of visual articulatory processing and the SIN accuracy by combining a cross-modal repetition priming task with ERP recordings. Participants first heard a word referring to a common object (e.g., pumpkin) and then decided whether the subsequently presented visual silent articulation matched the word they had just heard. Incongruent articulations elicited a significantly enhanced N400, indicative of a mismatch detection at the pre-lexical level. Congruent articulations elicited a significantly larger LPC, indexing articulatory word recognition. Only the N400 difference between incongruent and congruent trials was significantly correlated with individuals’ SIN accuracy improvement in the presence of the talker’s face. PMID:27155219

JPRS Report, East Asia Southeast Asia

DTIC Science & Technology

1987-06-22

permitted to see films produced in the capitalist countries, even though these films were censored when imported into the socialist countries. And, as we...10 Student Political Activity on Campus Discussed (KOMPAS , 20 Apr 87) ...wi.*...- .’.-.*< 14 MALAYSIA Keng Yaik Discusses Gerakan’s...Goals, Ideals (SIN CHEW JIT POH MALAYSIA , 16 Mar 87) ...,..* *.....*»... 17 - a - Paper Calls on UMNO To Learn From MCA’s Mistakes (Editorial; SIN

Population dynamics of the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus) and Sin Nombre Virus, California Channel Islands

USGS Publications Warehouse

Graham, T.B.; Chomel, B.B.

1997-01-01

Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome, first documented in 1993, is caused by Sin Nombre virus (SNV), which is carried by the Peromyscus species. In 1994, high SNV antibody prevalence was identified in deer mice from two California Channel Islands. We sampled two locations on three islands to estimate mouse population density and SNV prevalence. Population flux and SNV prevalence appear to vary independently.

Pinpoint Delivery of Molecules by Using Electron Beam Addressing Virtual Cathode Display.

PubMed

Hoshino, Takayuki; Yoshioka, Moto; Wagatsuma, Akira; Miyazako, Hiroki; Mabuchi, Kunihiko

2018-03-01

Electroporation, a physical transfection method to introduce genomic molecules in selective living cells, could be implemented by microelectrode devices. A local electric field generated by a finer electrode can induces cytomembrane poration in the electrode vicinity. To employ fine, high-speed scanning electrodes, we developed a fine virtual cathode pattern, which was generated on a cell adhesive surface of 100-nm-thick SiN membrane by inverted-electron beam lithography. The SiN membrane works as both a vacuum barrier and the display screen of the virtual cathode. The kinetic energy of the incident primary electrons to the SiN membrane was completely blocked, whereas negative charges and leaking electric current appeared on the surface of the dielectric SiN membrane within a region of 100 nm. Locally controlled transmembrane molecular delivery was demonstrated on adhered C2C12 myoblast cells in a culturing medium with fluorescent dye propidium iodide (PI). Increasing fluorescence of pre-diluted PI indicated local poration and transmembrane inflow at the virtual cathode position, as well as intracellular diffusion. The transmembrane inflows depended on beam duration time and acceleration voltage. At the post-molecular delivery, a slight decrease in intracellular PI fluorescence intensity indicates membrane recovery from the poration. Cell viability was confirmed by time-lapse cell imaging of post-exposure cell migration.

The dependency of different stress-level SiN capping films and the optimization of D-SMT process for the device performance booster in Ge n-FinFETs

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Liao, M.-H., E-mail: mhliaoa@ntu.edu.tw; Chen, P.-G.

The capping stressed SiN film is one of the most important process steps for the dislocation stress memorization technique (D-SMT), which has been used widely in the current industry, for the electron mobility booster in the n-type transistor beyond the 32/28 nm technology node. In this work, we found that the different stress-level SiN capping films influence the crystal re-growth velocities along different directions including [100] and [110] directions in Ge a lot. It can be further used to optimize the dislocation angle in the transistor during the D-SMT process and then results in the largest channel stress distribution to boostmore » the device performance in the Ge n-FinFETs. Based on the theoretical calculation and experimental demonstration, it shows that the Ge three dimensional (3D) n-FinFETs device performance is improved ∼55% with the usage of +3 GPa tensile stressed SiN capping film. The channel stress and dislocation angle is ∼2.5 GPa and 30°, measured by the atomic force microscope-Raman technique and transmission electron microscopy, respectively.« less

Triosephosphate isomerase tyrosine nitration induced by heme-NaNO2 -H2 O2 or peroxynitrite: Effects of different natural phenolic compounds.

PubMed

Gao, Wanxia; Zhao, Jie; Li, Hailing; Gao, Zhonghong

2017-06-01

Peroxynitrite and heme peroxidases (or heme)-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 system are the two common ways to cause protein tyrosine nitration in vitro, but the effects of antioxidants on reducing these two pathways-induced protein nitration and oxidation are controversial. Both nitrating systems can dose-dependently induce triosephosphate isomerase (TIM) nitration, however, heme-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 was less destructive to protein secondary structures and led to more nitrated tyrosine residue than 3-morpholinosydnonimine hydrochloride (SIN-1, a peroxynitrite donor). Both of desferrioxamine and catechin could inhibit TIM nitration induced by heme-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 and SIN-1 and protein oxidation induced by SIN-1, but promoted heme-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 -induced protein oxidation. Moreover, the antagonism of natural phenolic compounds on SIN-1-induced tyrosine nitration was consistent with their radical scavenging ability, but no similar consensus was found in heme-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 -induced nitration. Our results indicated that peroxynitrite and heme-H 2 O 2 -NaNO 2 -induced protein nitration was different, and the later one could be a better model for anti-nitration compounds screening. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Alpharetroviral Self-inactivating Vectors: Long-term Transgene Expression in Murine Hematopoietic Cells and Low Genotoxicity

PubMed Central

Suerth, Julia D; Maetzig, Tobias; Brugman, Martijn H; Heinz, Niels; Appelt, Jens-Uwe; Kaufmann, Kerstin B; Schmidt, Manfred; Grez, Manuel; Modlich, Ute; Baum, Christopher; Schambach, Axel

2012-01-01

Comparative integrome analyses have highlighted alpharetroviral vectors with a relatively neutral, and thus favorable, integration spectrum. However, previous studies used alpharetroviral vectors harboring viral coding sequences and intact long-terminal repeats (LTRs). We recently developed self-inactivating (SIN) alpharetroviral vectors with an advanced split-packaging design. In a murine bone marrow (BM) transplantation model we now compared alpharetroviral, gammaretroviral, and lentiviral SIN vectors and showed that all vectors transduced hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), leading to comparable, sustained multilineage transgene expression in primary and secondary transplanted mice. Alpharetroviral integrations were decreased near transcription start sites, CpG islands, and potential cancer genes compared with gammaretroviral, and decreased in genes compared with lentiviral integrations. Analyzing the transcriptome and intragenic integrations in engrafting cells, we observed stronger correlations between in-gene integration targeting and transcriptional activity for gammaretroviral and lentiviral vectors than for alpharetroviral vectors. Importantly, the relatively “extragenic” alpharetroviral integration pattern still supported long-term transgene expression upon serial transplantation. Furthermore, sensitive genotoxicity studies revealed a decreased immortalization incidence compared with gammaretroviral and lentiviral SIN vectors. We conclude that alpharetroviral SIN vectors have a favorable integration pattern which lowers the risk of insertional mutagenesis while supporting long-term transgene expression in the progeny of transplanted HSCs. PMID:22334016

The devil is in the details: the seven deadly sins of organizing and continuing interprofessional education in the US.

PubMed

Clark, Phillip G

2011-09-01

In spite of increased calls for expanding interprofessional practice (IPP) in the US health care system to address concerns about patient safety and quality of care, there has not been a corresponding dramatic growth in interprofessional education (IPE) programs. Indeed, the history of IPE in the US has been a roller-coaster ride of gains and losses, successes and failures. Understanding why this has been so requires the development of a personal and political economy framework, based on an understanding of the structural, ideological, and economic factors and forces that characterize IPE in American higher education. Using a metaphor of the seven deadly sins (lust, pride, greed, gluttony, envy, sloth, and wrath), this discussion focuses on both things that should not be done (sins of commission) and those that should be done but are not (sins of omission) to create successful and sustainable IPE programs. Taken together, these factors help to frame a perspective on IPE that highlights the essential knowledge, attitudes, and skills needed by faculty and administrators to create, implement, and - most importantly - sustain successful programs. Implications of this framework for promoting increased IPE are discussed, particularly with respect to insuring its successful continuation into the future.

New precision orbits of bright double-lined spectroscopic binaries. IX. HD 54371, HR 2692, and 16 ursa majoris

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Fekel, Francis C.; Williamson, Michael H.; Muterspaugh, Matthew W.

2015-02-01

With extensive sets of new radial velocities we have determined orbital elements for three previously known spectroscopic binaries, HD 54371, HR 2692, and 16 UMa. All three systems have had the lines of their secondaries detected for the first time. The orbital periods range from 16.24 to 113.23 days, and the three binaries have modestly or moderately eccentric orbits. The secondary to primary mass ratios range from 0.50 to 0.64. The orbital dimensions (a{sub 1} sin i and a{sub 2} sin i) and minimum masses (m{sub 1} sin{sup 3} i and m{sub 2} sin{sup 3} i) of the binary componentsmore » all have accuracies of ⩽1%. With our spectroscopic results and the Hipparcos data, we also have determined astrometric orbits for two of the three systems, HR 2692 and 16 UMa. The primaries of HD 54371 and 16 UMa are solar-type stars, and their secondaries are likely K or M dwarfs. The primary of HR 2692 is a late-type subgiant and its secondary is a G or K dwarf. The primaries of both HR 2692 and 16 UMa may be pseudosynchronously rotating, while that of HD 54371 is rotating faster than its pseudosynchronous velocity.« less

Maximum Correntropy Unscented Kalman Filter for Ballistic Missile Navigation System based on SINS/CNS Deeply Integrated Mode.

PubMed

Hou, Bowen; He, Zhangming; Li, Dong; Zhou, Haiyin; Wang, Jiongqi

2018-05-27

Strap-down inertial navigation system/celestial navigation system ( SINS/CNS) integrated navigation is a high precision navigation technique for ballistic missiles. The traditional navigation method has a divergence in the position error. A deeply integrated mode for SINS/CNS navigation system is proposed to improve the navigation accuracy of ballistic missile. The deeply integrated navigation principle is described and the observability of the navigation system is analyzed. The nonlinearity, as well as the large outliers and the Gaussian mixture noises, often exists during the actual navigation process, leading to the divergence phenomenon of the navigation filter. The new nonlinear Kalman filter on the basis of the maximum correntropy theory and unscented transformation, named the maximum correntropy unscented Kalman filter, is deduced, and the computational complexity is analyzed. The unscented transformation is used for restricting the nonlinearity of the system equation, and the maximum correntropy theory is used to deal with the non-Gaussian noises. Finally, numerical simulation illustrates the superiority of the proposed filter compared with the traditional unscented Kalman filter. The comparison results show that the large outliers and the influence of non-Gaussian noises for SINS/CNS deeply integrated navigation is significantly reduced through the proposed filter.

New Precision Orbits of Bright Double-lined Spectroscopic Binaries. X. HD 96511, HR 7578, and KZ Andromedae

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fekel, Francis C.; Henry, Gregory W.; Tomkin, Jocelyn

2017-09-01

From an extensive number of newly acquired radial velocities we determine the orbital elements for three late-type dwarf systems, HD 96511, HR 7578, and KZ And. The orbital periods are 18.89737 ± 0.00002, 46.81610 ± 0.00006, and 3.0329113 ± 0.0000005 days, respectively, and all three systems are eccentric, although KZ And is just barely so. We have detected lines of the secondary of HD 96511 for the first time. The orbital dimensions (a 1 sin I and a 2 sin I) and minimum masses (m 1 sin3 I and m 2 sin3 I) of the binary components all have accuracies of 0.2% or better. Extensive photometry of the chromospherically active binary HR 7578 confirms a rather long rotation period of 16.446 ± 0.002 days and that the K3 V components do not eclipse. We have estimated the basic properties of the stars in the three systems and compared those results with evolutionary tracks. The results for KZ And that we computed with the revised Hipparcos parallax of van Leeuwen produce inconsistencies. That parallax appears to be too large, and so, instead, we used the original Hipparcos parallax of the common proper motion primary, which improves the results, although some problems remain.

Piecewise compensation for the nonlinear error of fiber-optic gyroscope scale factor

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Zhang, Yonggang; Wu, Xunfeng; Yuan, Shun; Wu, Lei

2013-08-01

Fiber-Optic Gyroscope (FOG) scale factor nonlinear error will result in errors in Strapdown Inertial Navigation System (SINS). In order to reduce nonlinear error of FOG scale factor in SINS, a compensation method is proposed in this paper based on curve piecewise fitting of FOG output. Firstly, reasons which can result in FOG scale factor error are introduced and the definition of nonlinear degree is provided. Then we introduce the method to divide the output range of FOG into several small pieces, and curve fitting is performed in each output range of FOG to obtain scale factor parameter. Different scale factor parameters of FOG are used in different pieces to improve FOG output precision. These parameters are identified by using three-axis turntable, and nonlinear error of FOG scale factor can be reduced. Finally, three-axis swing experiment of SINS verifies that the proposed method can reduce attitude output errors of SINS by compensating the nonlinear error of FOG scale factor and improve the precision of navigation. The results of experiments also demonstrate that the compensation scheme is easy to implement. It can effectively compensate the nonlinear error of FOG scale factor with slightly increased computation complexity. This method can be used in inertial technology based on FOG to improve precision.

Risk Factors for Heat-Related Illness in Washington Crop Workers.

PubMed

Spector, June T; Krenz, Jennifer; Blank, Kristina N

2015-01-01

Crop workers are at high risk of heat-related illness (HRI) from internal heat generated by heavy physical work, particularly when laboring in hot and humid conditions. The aim of this study was to identify risk factors for HRI symptoms in Washington crop workers using an audio computer-assisted self-interview (A-CASI) instrument that has undergone reliability and validity evaluation. A cross-sectional A-CASI survey of 97 crop workers in Washington State was conducted during the summer of 2013. Potential HRI risk factors in demographic, training, work, hydration, clothing, health, and environmental domains were selected a priori for evaluation. Mixed-effects logistic regression was used to identify risk factors for self-reported symptoms associated with heat strain and HRI (dizziness/light-headedness or heavy sweating) experienced at work in hot conditions. An increase in age was associated with a lower odds of HRI symptoms (odds ratio [OR] = 0.92; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.87-0.98). Piece rate compared with hourly payment (OR = 6.20; 95% CI = 1.11-34.54) and needing to walk for more than 3 minutes to get to the toilet, compared with less than 3 minutes (OR = 4.86; 95% CI = 1.18-20.06), were associated with a higher odds of HRI symptoms. In this descriptive study of risk factors for HRI symptoms in Washington crop workers, decreased age (and less work experience), piece rate pay, and longer distance to the toilet were associated with self-reported HRI symptoms. Modifiable workplace factors should be considered in HRI prevention efforts that are evaluated using objective measures in representative working populations.

Are participants concerned about privacy and security when using short message service to report product adherence in a rectal microbicide trial?

PubMed

Giguere, Rebecca; Brown, William; Balán, Ivan C; Dolezal, Curtis; Ho, Titcha; Sheinfil, Alan; Ibitoye, Mobolaji; Lama, Javier R; McGowan, Ian; Cranston, Ross D; Carballo-Diéguez, Alex

2018-04-01

During a Phase 2 rectal microbicide trial, men who have sex with men and transgender women (n = 187) in 4 countries (Peru, South Africa, Thailand, United States) reported product use daily via short message service (SMS). To prevent disclosure of study participation, the SMS system program included privacy and security features. We evaluated participants' perceptions of privacy while using the system and acceptability of privacy/security features. To protect privacy, the SMS system: (1) confirmed participant availability before sending the study questions, (2) required a password, and (3) did not reveal product name or study participation. To ensure security, the system reminded participants to lock phone/delete messages. A computer-assisted self-interview (CASI), administered at the final visit, measured burden of privacy and security features and SMS privacy concerns. A subsample of 33 participants underwent an in-depth interview (IDI). Based on CASI, 85% had no privacy concerns; only 5% were very concerned. Most were not bothered by the need for a password (73%) or instructions to delete messages (82%). Based on IDI, reasons for low privacy concerns included sending SMS in private or feeling that texting would not draw attention. A few IDI participants found the password unnecessary and more than half did not delete messages. Most participants were not concerned that the SMS system would compromise their confidentiality. SMS privacy and security features were effective and not burdensome. Short ID-related passwords, ambiguous language, and reminders to implement privacy and security-enhancing behaviors are recommended for SMS systems.

A methodology for luminance map retrieval using airborne hyperspectral and photogrammetric data

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Pipia, Luca; Alamús, Ramon; Tardà, Anna; Pérez, Fernando; Palà, Vicenç; Corbera, Jordi

2014-10-01

This paper puts forward a methodology developed at the Institut Cartogràfic i Geològic de Catalunya (ICGC) to quantify upwelling light flux using hyperspectral and photogrammetric airborne data. The work was carried out in the frame of a demonstrative study requested by the municipality of Sant Cugat del Vallès, in the vicinity of Barcelona (Spain), and aimed to envisage a new approach to assess artificial lighting policies and actions as alternative to field campaigns. Hyperspectral and high resolution multispectral/panchromatic data were acquired simultaneously over urban areas. In order to avoid moon light contributions, data were acquired during the first days of new moon phase. Hyperspectral data were radiometrically calibrated. Then, National Center for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) atmospheric profiles were employed to estimate the actual Column Water Vapor (CWV) to be passed to ModTran5.0 for the atmospheric transmissivity τ calculation. At-the-ground radiance was finally integrated using the photopic sensitivity curve to generate a luminance map (cdm-2) of the flown area by mosaicking the different flight tracks. In an attempt to improve the spatial resolution and enhance the dynamic range of the luminance map, a sensor-fusion strategy was finally looked into. DMC Photogrammetric data acquired simultaneously to hyperspectral information were converted into at-the-ground radiance and upscaled to CASI spatial resolution. High-resolution (HR) luminance maps with enhanced dynamic range were finally generated by linearly fitting up-scaled DMC mosaics to the CASI-based luminance information. In the end, a preliminary assessment of the methodology is carried out using non-simultaneous in-situ measurements.

[The role of expired air moisture condensate in assessment of pulmonary inflammation in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease].

PubMed

Dotsenko, E K; Goncharova, V A; Kuzubova, N A; Kamenova, M Iu; Egorova, N V

2008-01-01

To study biochemical composition of expired air condensate (EAC) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in relation to a phase and severity of the disease and its treatment. EAC was investigated in 18 COPD patients and 9 healthy subjects. Basic broncholytic therapy with ipratropium bromide was combined with beclomethasone and fenspiride in 11 and 7 patients, respectively. The condensate was lyophilised, the residue was solved and analysed on the biochemical analyzer Casis (Beringer Manheim, Rosch). EAC was examined for albumin, C-reactive protein, glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, urea, uric acid, alkaline phosphatase (AP), lactate dehydrogenase, gamma-glutamyl transferase, total calcium, magnesium. Compared to healthy subjects, COPD patients' EAC contains significantly higher levels of albumin, C-reactive protein, calcium, bilirubin and more active AP. Quantitative composition of EAC depends on COPD phase and severity. A negative correlation exists between FEV+AEA-1 and albumin concentration, FEV+AEA-1 and CRP concentration. The anti-inflammatory therapy decreases EAC content of both protein and lipid metabolism products, enzyme activity reflecting attenuation of oxidant and inflammatory processes, stabilization of cell membranes in the respiratory zone. EAC composition reflects metabolic processes in the lungs and can be used for assessment of airway affection, activity of the inflammatory process and COPD treatment efficacy.

Combined effects of hydrographic structure and iron and copper availability on the phytoplankton growth in Terra Nova Bay Polynya (Ross Sea, Antarctica)

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Rivaro, Paola; Luisa Abelmoschi, Maria; Grotti, Marco; Ianni, Carmela; Magi, Emanuele; Margiotta, Francesca; Massolo, Serena; Saggiomo, Vincenzo

2012-04-01

Surface water (<100 m) samples were collected from the Terra Nova Bay polynya region of the Ross Sea (Antarctica) in January 2006, with the aim of evaluating the individual and combined effects of hydrographic structure, iron and copper concentration and availability on the phytoplankton growth. The measurements were conducted within the framework of the Climatic Long Term Interaction for the Mass-balance in Antarctica (CLIMA) Project of the Programma Nazionale di Ricerca in Antartide activities. Dissolved oxygen, nutrients, phytoplankton pigments and concentration and complexation of dissolved trace metals were determined. Experimental data were elaborated by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). As a result of solar heating and freshwater inputs from melting sea-ice, the water column was strongly stratified with an Upper Mixed Layer 4-16 m deep. The integrated Chl a in the layer 0-100 m ranged from 60 mg m-2 to 235 mg m-2, with a mean value of 138 mg m-2. The pigment analysis showed that diatoms dominated the phytoplankton assemblage. Major nutrients were generally high, with the lowest concentration at the surface and they were never fully depleted. The Si:N drawdown ratio was close to the expected value of 1 for Fe-replete diatoms. We evaluated both the total and the labile dissolved fraction of Fe and Cu. The labile fraction was operationally defined by employing the chelating resin Chelex-100, which retains free and loosely bound trace metal species. The total dissolved Fe ranged from 0.48 to 3.02 nM, while the total dissolved Cu from 3.68 to 6.84 nM. The dissolved labile Fe ranged from below the detection limit (0.15 nM) to 1.22 nM, and the dissolved labile Cu from 0.31 to 1.59 nM, respectively. The labile fractions measured at 20 m were significantly lower than values in 40-100 m samples. As two stations were re-sampled 5 days later, we evaluated the short-term variability of the physical and biogeochemical properties. In particular, in a re-sampled station at 20 m, the total dissolved Fe increased and the total dissolved Cu decreased, while their labile fraction was relatively steady. As a result of the increase in total Fe, the percentage of the labile Fe decreased. An increase of the Si:N, Si:P and Si:FUCO ratios was measured also in the re-sampled station. On this basis, we speculated that a switch from a Fe-replete to a Fe-deplete condition was occurring.

Diffraction Effects in Directed Radiation Beams

DTIC Science & Technology

1990-04-03

cosP acosO )/sin a sinJ], 0 / ’V< a , and Oga cos’ j (a-ct)/Yj, ()< 13 a < Rt/2, and where (r, t) is ident ical to t (I- t ) e:.:cep• that a i1 IepIac ed...Toraldo di Francia , NuoVo Cimento, Suppl. 9, 426 (1952)> 3. W T. Welford, Qptics, (Onfordi University Press, New York, 1981), chap. 3. 4. C.. J. Bouwkarnp

Wireless Source Localization and Signal Collection from an Airborne Symmetric Line Array Sensor Network

DTIC Science & Technology

2014-09-01

band signal samples by taking the ratio of (166) and (165) as     2 2 /2 /2 sin sin coscos g g g g gg cQ cI eE n E n e...processors,” EEE Trans. Acoust. Speech Signal Process., vol. 31, no. 6, pp. 1378–1393, Dec. 1983. [10] J. Li, P. Stoica and Z. Wang, “On robust

Simulation of the Acoustic Pulse Expected from the Interaction of Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos and Seawater

DTIC Science & Technology

2006-03-01

the diameter. This equation is given by Sulak et. al. [1979] as: Eq 3 2 2 sin 8 o p EK cP C r d x ≅ x ’ Where sinLx π θ λ ⎛ ⎞= ⎜ ⎟ ⎝ ⎠ , L is...and others, "Sensitivity of an Underwater Acoustic Array to Ultra-High Energy Neutrinos", Astroparticle Physics, n.17, 2002. Sulak , L., Armstrong

APACK, A Combined Antenna and Propagation Model.

DTIC Science & Technology

1981-07-01

sin6 [-e- klUl1 + R e-j2kHcose 1- eck " 2 v’s 6 - -j k£l3 (1-R) Fe ei Hcose (sin 2 -case) l- 3 J n3 Ee 30 1 e-jkr cas ja( + 8) -2 Me~ cs -ea os o + 1...IPE DISTRIBUTION LIST FOR ESD-TR-80-102 CoQntinued)I Defense Technical Information (Bnter 12 Cameron Station Alexandria, VA 22314 AFGL

Measurement of time-dependent CP asymmetries in B0-->D(*)+/-pi-/+ decays and constraints on sin(2beta+gamma).

PubMed

Aubert, B; Barate, R; Boutigny, D; Gaillard, J-M; Hicheur, A; Karyotakis, Y; Lees, J P; Robbe, P; Tisserand, V; Zghiche, A; Palano, A; Pompili, A; Chen, J C; Qi, N D; Rong, G; Wang, P; Zhu, Y S; Eigen, G; Ofte, I; Stugu, B; Abrams, G S; Borgland, A W; Breon, A B; Brown, D N; Button-Shafer, J; Cahn, R N; Charles, E; Day, C T; Gill, M S; Gritsan, A V; Groysman, Y; Jacobsen, R G; Kadel, R W; Kadyk, J; Kerth, L T; Kolomensky, Yu G; Kukartsev, G; LeClerc, C; Levi, M E; Lynch, G; Mir, L M; Oddone, P J; Orimoto, T J; Pripstein, M; Roe, N A; Romosan, A; Ronan, M T; Shelkov, V G; Telnov, A V; Wenzel, W A; Ford, K; Harrison, T J; Hawkes, C M; Knowles, D J; Morgan, S E; Penny, R C; Watson, A T; Watson, N K; Goetzen, K; Held, T; Koch, H; Lewandowski, B; Pelizaeus, M; Peters, K; Schmuecker, H; Steinke, M; Boyd, J T; Chevalier, N; Cottingham, W N; Kelly, M P; Latham, T E; Mackay, C; Wilson, F F; Abe, K; Cuhadar-Donszelmann, T; Hearty, C; Mattison, T S; McKenna, J A; Thiessen, D; Kyberd, P; McKemey, A K; Teodorescu, L; Blinov, V E; Bukin, A D; Golubev, V B; Ivanchenko, V N; Kravchenko, E A; Onuchin, A P; Serednyakov, S I; Skovpen, Yu I; Solodov, E P; Yushkov, A N; Best, D; Bruinsma, M; Chao, M; Kirkby, D; Lankford, A J; Mandelkern, M; Mommsen, R K; Roethel, W; Stoker, D P; Buchanan, C; Hartfiel, B L; Gary, J W; Layter, J; Shen, B C; Wang, K; del Re, D; Hadavand, H K; Hill, E J; MacFarlane, D B; Paar, H P; Rahatlou, Sh; Sharma, V; Berryhill, J W; Campagnari, C; Dahmes, B; Kuznetsova, N; Levy, S L; Long, O; Lu, A; Mazur, M A; Richman, J D; Verkerke, W; Beck, T W; Beringer, J; Eisner, A M; Heusch, C A; Lockman, W S; Schalk, T; Schmitz, R E; Schumm, B A; Seiden, A; Turri, M; Walkowiak, W; Williams, D C; Wilson, M G; Albert, J; Chen, E; Dubois-Felsmann, G P; Dvoretskii, A; Erwin, R J; Hitlin, D G; Narsky, I; Piatenko, T; Porter, F C; Ryd, A; Samuel, A; Yang, S; Jayatilleke, S; Mancinelli, G; Meadows, B T; Sokoloff, M D; Abe, T; Blanc, F; Bloom, P; Chen, S; Clark, P J; Ford, W T; Nauenberg, U; Olivas, A; Rankin, P; Roy, J; Smith, J G; van Hoek, W C; Zhang, L; Harton, J L; Hu, T; Soffer, A; Toki, W H; Wilson, R J; Zhang, J; Altenburg, D; Brandt, T; Brose, J; Colberg, T; Dickopp, M; Dubitzky, R S; Hauke, A; Lacker, H M; Maly, E; Müller-Pfefferkorn, R; Nogowski, R; Otto, S; Schubert, J; Schubert, K R; Schwierz, R; Spaan, B; Wilden, L; Bernard, D; Bonneaud, G R; Brochard, F; Cohen-Tanugi, J; Grenier, P; Thiebaux, Ch; Vasileiadis, G; Verderi, M; Khan, A; Lavin, D; Muheim, F; Playfer, S; Swain, J E; Andreotti, M; Azzolini, V; Bettoni, D; Bozzi, C; Calabrese, R; Cibinetto, G; Luppi, E; Negrini, M; Piemontese, L; Sarti, A; Treadwell, E; Anulli, F; Baldini-Ferroli, R; Biasini, M; Calcaterra, A; de Sangro, R; Falciai, D; Finocchiaro, G; Patteri, P; Peruzzi, I M; Piccolo, M; Pioppi, M; Zallo, A; Buzzo, A; Capra, R; Contri, R; Crosetti, G; Lo Vetere, M; Macri, M; Monge, M R; Passaggio, S; Patrignani, C; Robutti, E; Santroni, A; Tosi, S; Bailey, S; Morii, M; Won, E; Bhimji, W; Bowerman, D A; Dauncey, P D; Egede, U; Eschrich, I; Gaillard, J R; Morton, G W; Nash, J A; Sanders, P; Taylor, G P; Grenier, G J; Lee, S-J; Mallik, U; Cochran, J; Crawley, H B; Lamsa, J; Meyer, W T; Prell, S; Rosenberg, E I; Yi, J; Davier, M; Grosdidier, G; Höcker, A; Laplace, S; Le Diberder, F; Lepeltier, V; Lutz, A M; Petersen, T C; Plaszczynski, S; Schune, M H; Tantot, L; Wormser, G; Brigljević, V; Cheng, C H; Lange, D J; Simani, M C; Wright, D M; Bevan, A J; Coleman, J P; Fry, J R; Gabathuler, E; Gamet, R; Kay, M; Parry, R J; Payne, D J; Sloane, R J; Touramanis, C; Back, J J; Harrison, P F; Shorthouse, H W; Vidal, P B; Brown, C L; Cowan, G; Flack, R L; Flaecher, H U; George, S; Green, M G; Kurup, A; Marker, C E; McMahon, T R; Ricciardi, S; Salvatore, F; Vaitsas, G; Winter, M A; Brown, D; Davis, C L; Allison, J; Barlow, N R; Barlow, R J; Hart, P A; Hodgkinson, M C; Jackson, F; Lafferty, G D; Lyon, A J; Weatherall, J H; Williams, J C; Farbin, A; Jawahery, A; Kovalskyi, D; Lae, C K; Lillard, V; Roberts, D A; Blaylock, G; Dallapiccola, C; Flood, K T; Hertzbach, S S; Kofler, R; Koptchev, V B; Moore, T B; Saremi, S; Staengle, H; Willocq, S; Cowan, R; Sciolla, G; Taylor, F; Yamamoto, R K; Mangeol, D J J; Patel, P M; Robertson, S H; Lazzaro, A; Palombo, F; Bauer, J M; Cremaldi, L; Eschenburg, V; Godang, R; Kroeger, R; Reidy, J; Sanders, D A; Summers, D J; Zhao, H W; Brunet, S; Cote-Ahern, D; Taras, P; Nicholson, H; Cartaro, C; Cavallo, N; De Nardo, G; Fabozzi, F; Gatto, C; Lista, L; Paolucci, P; Piccolo, D; Sciacca, C; Baak, M A; Raven, G; LoSecco, J M; Gabriel, T A; Brau, B; Gan, K K; Honscheid, K; Hufnagel, D; Kagan, H; Kass, R; Pulliam, T; Wong, Q K; Brau, J; Frey, R; Potter, C T; Sinev, N B; Strom, D; Torrence, E; Colecchia, F; Dorigo, A; Galeazzi, F; Margoni, M; Morandin, M; Posocco, M; Rotondo, M; Simonetto, F; Stroili, R; Tiozzo, G; Voci, C; Benayoun, M; Briand, H; Chauveau, J; David, P; de la Vaissière, Ch; Del Buono, L; Hamon, O; John, M J J; Leruste, Ph; Ocariz, J; Pivk, M; Roos, L; Stark, J; T'Jampens, S; Therin, G; Manfredi, P F; Re, V; Behera, P K; Gladney, L; Guo, Q H; Panetta, J; Angelini, C; Batignani, G; Bettarini, S; Bondioli, M; Bucci, F; Calderini, G; Carpinelli, M; Del Gamba, V; Forti, F; Giorgi, M A; Lusiani, A; Marchiori, G; Martinez-Vidal, F; Morganti, M; Neri, N; Paoloni, E; Rama, M; Rizzo, G; Sandrelli, F; Walsh, J; Haire, M; Judd, D; Paick, K; Wagoner, D E; Danielson, N; Elmer, P; Lu, C; Miftakov, V; Olsen, J; Smith, A J S; Tanaka, H A; Varnes, E W; Bellini, F; Cavoto, G; Faccini, R; Ferrarotto, F; Ferroni, F; Gaspero, M; Mazzoni, M A; Morganti, S; Pierini, M; Piredda, G; Tehrani, F Safai; Voena, C; Christ, S; Wagner, G; Waldi, R; Adye, T; De Groot, N; Franek, B; Geddes, N I; Gopal, G P; Olaiya, E O; Xella, S M; Aleksan, R; Emery, S; Gaidot, A; Ganzhur, S F; Giraud, P-F; Hamel de Monchenault, G; Kozanecki, W; Langer, M; Legendre, M; London, G W; Mayer, B; Schott, G; Vasseur, G; Yeche, Ch; Zito, M; Purohit, M V; Weidemann, A W; Yumiceva, F X; Aston, D; Bartoldus, R; Berger, N; Boyarski, A M; Buchmueller, O L; Convery, M R; Coupal, D P; Dong, D; Dorfan, J; Dujmic, D; Dunwoodie, W; Field, R C; Glanzman, T; Gowdy, S J; Grauges-Pous, E; Hadig, T; Halyo, V; Hryn'ova, T; Innes, W R; Jessop, C P; Kelsey, M H; Kim, P; Kocian, M L; Langenegger, U; Leith, D W G S; Libby, J; Luitz, S; Luth, V; Lynch, H L; Marsiske, H; Messner, R; Muller, D R; O'Grady, C P; Ozcan, V E; Perazzo, A; Perl, M; Petrak, S; Ratcliff, B N; Roodman, A; Salnikov, A A; Schindler, R H; Schwiening, J; Simi, G; Snyder, A; Soha, A; Stelzer, J; Su, D; Sullivan, M K; Va'vra, J; Wagner, S R; Weaver, M; Weinstein, A J R; Wisniewski, W J; Wright, D H; Young, C C; Burchat, P R; Edwards, A J; Meyer, T I; Petersen, B A; Roat, C; Ahmed, M; Ahmed, S; Alam, M S; Ernst, J A; Saeed, M A; Saleem, M; Wappler, F R; Bugg, W; Krishnamurthy, M; Spanier, S M; Eckmann, R; Kim, H; Ritchie, J L; Schwitters, R F; Izen, J M; Kitayama, I; Lou, X C; Ye, S; Bianchi, F; Bona, M; Gallo, F; Gamba, D; Borean, C; Bosisio, L; Della Ricca, G; Dittongo, S; Grancagnolo, S; Lanceri, L; Poropat, P; Vitale, L; Vuagnin, G; Panvini, R S; Banerjee, Sw; Brown, C M; Fortin, D; Jackson, P D; Kowalewski, R; Roney, J M; Band, H R; Dasu, S; Datta, M; Eichenbaum, A M; Johnson, J R; Kutter, P E; Li, H; Liu, R; Di Lodovico, F; Mihalyi, A; Mohapatra, A K; Pan, Y; Prepost, R; Sekula, S J; von Wimmersperg-Toeller, J H; Wu, J; Wu, S L; Yu, Z; Neal, H

2004-06-25

We present a measurement of CP-violating asymmetries in fully reconstructed B0-->D(*)+/-pi-/+ decays in approximately 88 x 10(6) upsilon(4S)-->BBmacr; decays collected with the BABAR detector at the PEP-II asymmetric-energy B factory at SLAC. From a time-dependent maximum-likelihood fit we obtain the following for the CP-violating parameters: a=-0.022+/-0.038 (stat)+/-0.020 (syst), a*=-0.068+/-0.038 (stat)+/-0.020 (syst), c(lep)=+0.025+/-0.068 (stat)+/-0.033 (syst), and c*(lep)=+0.031+/-0.070 (stat)+/-0.033 (syst). Using other measurements and theoretical assumptions we interpret the results in terms of the angles of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity triangle, and find |sin((2beta+gamma)|>0.69 at 68% confidence level. We exclude the hypothesis of no CP violation [sin(2beta+gamma)=0] at 83% confidence level.

Measurement of the Effective Weak Mixing Angle in $$p\\bar{p}\\rightarrow Z/\\gamma^* \\rightarrow \\ell^+\\ell^-$$ Events

DOE PAGES

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; et al.

2018-06-14

We present a measurement of the effective weak mixing angle parameter sin2θeffℓ in pp¯→Z/γ*→μ+μ- events at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and corresponding to 8.6  fb-1 of integrated luminosity. The measured value of sin2θeffℓ[μμ]=0.23016±0.00064 is further combined with the result from the D0 measurement in pp¯→Z/γ*→e+e- events, resulting in sin2θeffℓ[comb]=0.23095±0.00040. This combined result is the most precise measurement from a single experiment at a hadron collider and is the most precise determination using the coupling of the Z/γ* to light quarks.

Fuzzy adaptive strong tracking scaled unscented Kalman filter for initial alignment of large misalignment angles

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Jing; Song, Ningfang; Yang, Gongliu; Jiang, Rui

2016-07-01

In the initial alignment process of strapdown inertial navigation system (SINS), large misalignment angles always bring nonlinear problem, which can usually be processed using the scaled unscented Kalman filter (SUKF). In this paper, the problem of large misalignment angles in SINS alignment is further investigated, and the strong tracking scaled unscented Kalman filter (STSUKF) is proposed with fixed parameters to improve convergence speed, while these parameters are artificially constructed and uncertain in real application. To further improve the alignment stability and reduce the parameters selection, this paper proposes a fuzzy adaptive strategy combined with STSUKF (FUZZY-STSUKF). As a result, initial alignment scheme of large misalignment angles based on FUZZY-STSUKF is designed and verified by simulations and turntable experiment. The results show that the scheme improves the accuracy and convergence speed of SINS initial alignment compared with those based on SUKF and STSUKF.

Structural and Functional Analyses of a Conserved Hydrophobic Pocket of Flavivirus Methyltransferase

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

H Dong; L Liu; G Zou

2011-12-31

The flavivirus methyltransferase (MTase) sequentially methylates the N7 and 2'-O positions of the viral RNA cap (GpppA-RNA {yields} m(7)GpppA-RNA {yields} m(7)GpppAm-RNA), using S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) as a methyl donor. We report here that sinefungin (SIN), an AdoMet analog, inhibits several flaviviruses through suppression of viral MTase. The crystal structure of West Nile virus MTase in complex with SIN inhibitor at 2.0-{angstrom} resolution revealed a flavivirus-conserved hydrophobic pocket located next to the AdoMet-binding site. The pocket is functionally critical in the viral replication and cap methylations. In addition, the N7 methylation efficiency was found to correlate with the viral replication ability. Thus,more » SIN analogs with modifications that interact with the hydrophobic pocket are potential specific inhibitors of flavivirus MTase.« less

A multiwavelength campaign of active stars with intermediate rotation rates

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Dempsey, Robert C.; Neff, James E.; ONeal, Douglas; Olah, Katalin

1995-01-01

Near-to-simultaneous ultraviolet and visual spectroscopy of two moderate nu(sin i) RS CVn systems, V815 Herculis (nu(sin i) = 27 km s(exp -1)) and LM Pegasi (nu(sin i) = 24 km s(exp -1)), are presented along with contemporaneous UBV (RI)(sub c) - band photometry. These data were used to probe inhomogeneities in the chromospheres and photospheres, and the possible relationship between them. Both systems show evidence for rotationally modulated chromospheric emission, generally varying in antiphase to the photospheric brightness. A weak flare was observed at Mg II for V815 Her. In the case of IM Peg, we use photometry and spectra to estimate temperatures, sizes, and locations of photospheric spots. Further constraints on the spot temperature is provided by TiO observations. For IM Peg, the anticorrelation between chromospheric emission and brightness is discussed in the context of a possible solar-like spot cycle.

Correlated, precision measurements of θ 23 and δ using only the electron neutrino appearance experiments

DOE PAGES

Minakata, Hisakazu; Parke, Stephen J.

2013-06-04

Precision measurement of the leptonic CP violating phase δ will suffer from the, then surviving, large uncertainty of sin 2θ 23 of 10–20% in the experimentally interesting region near maximal mixing of θ 23. We advocate a new method for determination of both θ 23 and δ at the same time using only the ν e and ν̄ e appearance channels and show that sin 2θ 23 can be determined automatically with much higher accuracy, approximately a factor of six, than sinδ. In this method, we identify a new degeneracy for the simultaneous determination of θ 23 and δ, themore » θ 23 intrinsic degeneracy, which must be resolved in order to achieve precision measurement of these two parameters. Spectral information around the vacuum oscillation maxima is shown to be the best way to resolve this degeneracy.« less

Measurement of the Effective Weak Mixing Angle in $$p\\bar{p}\\rightarrow Z/\\gamma^* \\rightarrow \\ell^+\\ell^-$$ Events

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

Abazov, Victor Mukhamedovich; et al.

We present a measurement of the effective weak mixing angle parameter sin2θeffℓ in pp¯→Z/γ*→μ+μ- events at a center-of-mass energy of 1.96 TeV, collected by the D0 detector at the Fermilab Tevatron Collider and corresponding to 8.6  fb-1 of integrated luminosity. The measured value of sin2θeffℓ[μμ]=0.23016±0.00064 is further combined with the result from the D0 measurement in pp¯→Z/γ*→e+e- events, resulting in sin2θeffℓ[comb]=0.23095±0.00040. This combined result is the most precise measurement from a single experiment at a hadron collider and is the most precise determination using the coupling of the Z/γ* to light quarks.

Study Trapped Charge Distribution in P-Channel Silicon-Oxide-Nitride-Oxide-Silicon Memory Device Using Dynamic Programming Scheme

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Li, Fu-Hai; Chiu, Yung-Yueh; Lee, Yen-Hui; Chang, Ru-Wei; Yang, Bo-Jun; Sun, Wein-Town; Lee, Eric; Kuo, Chao-Wei; Shirota, Riichiro

2013-04-01

In this study, we precisely investigate the charge distribution in SiN layer by dynamic programming of channel hot hole induced hot electron injection (CHHIHE) in p-channel silicon-oxide-nitride-oxide-silicon (SONOS) memory device. In the dynamic programming scheme, gate voltage is increased as a staircase with fixed step amplitude, which can prohibits the injection of holes in SiN layer. Three-dimensional device simulation is calibrated and is compared with the measured programming characteristics. It is found, for the first time, that the hot electron injection point quickly traverses from drain to source side synchronizing to the expansion of charged area in SiN layer. As a result, the injected charges quickly spread over on the almost whole channel area uniformly during a short programming period, which will afford large tolerance against lateral trapped charge diffusion by baking.

Surgically Induced Scleral Necrosis in a Patient With Rheumatoid Arthritis After AGV Implantation.

PubMed

Kumar, Suresh; Ichhpujani, Parul; Thakur, Sahil

2018-03-01

Surgically induced scleral necrosis (SINS) is a rare entity that has till date not been reported in a patient of glaucoma undergoing Ahmed glaucoma valve (AGV) implantation. We present a case of primary open-angle glaucoma who underwent AGV implantation followed by development of scleral necrosis, involving both the scleral patch graft and host sclera. After failure of surgical and medical management, AGV had to be explanted. The patient was diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and had to be treated with steroids and azathioprine for the same. SINS is a potentially disastrous complication of ocular surgery that can occur in patients with systemic diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and requires aggressive management to salvage the eye. SINS can occur with AGV implantation. Treatment may require aggressive medical and surgical intervention. It is imperative to evaluate patients for systemic illness before planning an AGV implant.

The Adam and Eve syndrome.

PubMed

Sexton, R O; Maddock, R C

1978-07-01

The concept of divine forgiveness is incomprehensible to most, since it involves principles that defy rational interpretation on the level of human cognition. As a result, individuals, and especially those who present themselves for treatment, find themselves caught up in a repetition of self-judgment and selfpunishment, which is a reenactment of the original sin and the disobedience encountered in the Garden of Eden. It can be pointed out to patients that this continuous, repetitious acting out of the functions of self-judgment and selfpunishment represents the worst sin of all-the original sin in which the power and authority of God are usurped and assumed, resulting eventually in a denial of God along with symptoms that are often incapacitating. When these functions are returned to God, punishment can be expected to be much less severe and intense, because of the nature and characteristics of divine forgiveness.

New technological developments provide deep-sea sediment density flow insights: the Monterey Coordinated Canyon Experiment

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

O'Reilly, T. C.; Kieft, B.; Chaffey, M. R.; Wolfson-Schwehr, M.; Herlien, R.; Bird, L.; Klimov, D.; Paull, C. K.; Gwiazda, R.; Lundsten, E. M.; Anderson, K.; Caress, D. W.; Sumner, E. J.; Simmons, S.; Parsons, D. R.; Talling, P.; Rosenberger, K. J.; Xu, J.; Maier, K. L.; Gales, J. A.

2017-12-01

The Monterey Coordinated Canyon Experiment (CCE) deployed an array of instruments along the Monterey Canyon floor to characterize the structure, velocity and frequency of sediment flows. CCE utilized novel technologies developed at MBARI to capture sediment flow data in unprecedented detail. 1. The Seafloor Instrument Node (SIN) at 1850 meters depth housed 3 ADCPs at 3 different frequencies, CTD, current meter, oxygen optode, fluorometer/backscatter sensor, and logged data at 10 second intervals or faster. The SIN included an acoustic modem for communication with shore through a Wave Glider relay, and provided high-resolution measurements of three flow events during three successive deployments over 1.5 years. 2. Beachball-sized Benthic Event Detectors (BEDs) were deployed on or under the seafloor to measure the characteristics of sediment density flows. Each BED recorded data from a pressure sensor and a 3-axis accelerometer and gyro to characterize motions during transport events (e.g. tumble vs rotation). An acoustic modem capable of operating through more than a meter of sediment enabled communications with a ship or autonomous surface vehicle. Multiple BEDs were deployed at various depths in the canyon during CCE, detecting and measuring many transport events; one BED moved 9 km down canyon in 50 minutes during one event. 3. Wave Glider Hot Spot (HS), equipped with acoustic and RF modems, acted as data relay between SIN, BEDs and shore, and acoustically located BEDs after sediment density flows.. In some cases HS relayed BED motion data to shore within a few hours of the event. HS provided an acoustic console to the SIN, allowing shore-based users to check SIN health and status, perform maintenance, etc. 4. Mapping operations were conducted 4 times at the SIN site to quantify depositional and erosional patterns, utilizing a prototype ultra-high-resolution mapping system on the ROV Doc Ricketts. The system consists of a 400-kHz Reson 7125 multibeam sonar, a 3DatDepth SL1 subsea LiIDAR, two stereo color cameras, and a Kearfott SeaDevil INS. At a survey altitude of 3 m above the bed, the mapping system provides 5-cm resolution multibeam bathymetry, 1-cm resolution lidar bathymetry, and 2-mm resolution photomosaics. We will describe the design and full capabilities of these novel systems.

Hyperspectral data analysis for estimation of foliar biochemical content along the Oregon transect

NASA Technical Reports Server (NTRS)

Johnson, Lee F.; Peterson, David L.

1991-01-01

The NASA Oregon Transect Ecosystem Research (OTTER) project completed a data acquisition phase. Data were acquired with several airborne imaging spectrometers. Included were the Airborne Visible and Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) aboard the ER-2, the Advanced Solidstate Array Spectrometer (ASAS) aboard the C-130, and the Fluorescence Line Imager (FLI) and Compact Airborne Spectrographic Imager (CASI), both aboard light aircraft. In addition, Spectron visible and near-infrared data were acquired in transects across study areas from a low-altitude ultralight craft. Sunphotometer data were taken approximately coincident with each overflight for atmospheric correction of the aircraft data.

Computer Simulation of Artillery Safing and Arming Mechanism in Aeroballistic Environment (Involute Gear Train and Straight-Sided Verge Runaway Escapement)

DTIC Science & Technology

1984-07-01

r N 2 sin y (D-345) A7 0 -r- 1 rc1 N3 1 cos y (D-346) A71 cosr - 86) + a s, sin (B -01 (D- 347 ) 118 ’ .+ + ’ • ., , , ’ , ,• i...Note that this is also now independent of entrance or exit condition. Nowo F23 (eq Dl-520) is substituted into the above expression. This leads to: 02

Untangling the Energetics and Dynamics of Boron Monoxide Radical Reactions (11BO; X2Sigma+)

DTIC Science & Technology

2015-04-15

Reaction products of isoelectronic boron monoxide (BO), cyano (CN), ethynyl (CCH), and silicon nitride (SiN) radicals with acetylene and ethylene. 3.10...Isoelectronicity in the Reactions of the Cyano (CN), Boron Monoxide (BO), Silicon Nitride (SiN), and Ethynyl (C2H) Radicals with Unsaturated Hydrocarbons...AFRL-OSR-VA-TR-2015-0111 Untangling the Energetics and Dynamics of Boron Monoxide Radical Reactions Ralf Kaiser UNIVERSITY OF HAWAII SYSTEMS HONOLULU

New Precision Orbits of Bright Double-Lined Spectroscopic Binaries. III. HD 82191, ω Draconis, and 108 Herculis

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Fekel, Francis C.; Tomkin, Jocelyn; Williamson, Michael H.

2009-04-01

We have determined improved spectroscopic orbits for three double-lined binaries, HD 82191 (Am), ω Dra (F5 V), and 108 Her (Am), using radial velocities from the 2.1 m telescope at McDonald Observatory, the coudé feed telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory, and 2 m telescope at Fairborn Observatory. The orbital periods range from 5.28 to 9.01 days, and all three systems have circular orbits. The new orbital dimensions (a 1 sin i and a 2 sin i) and minimum masses (m 1 sin3 i and m 2 sin3 i) have accuracies of 0.2% or better. Our improved results confirm the large minimum masses of HD 82191 and also agree with the values previously found for ω Dra. However, for the components of 108 Her our minimum masses are about 20% larger than the previous best values. We conclude that both components of HD 82191 as well as the primary of 108 Her are Am stars. However, the A9 secondary of 108 Her has normal abundances. We estimate spectral types of F4 dwarf and G0 dwarf for the components of ω Dra. The primaries of the three binaries are synchronously rotating as is the secondary of 108 Her. The secondaries of HD 82191 and ω Dra are possibly synchronously rotating.

Oxygen impact on the electronic and vibrational properties of black phosphorus probed by synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Grasseschi, D.; Bahamon, D. A.; Maia, F. C. B.; Castro Neto, A. H.; Freitas, R. O.; de Matos, C. J. S.

2017-09-01

Black phosphorus (BP) is a layered crystalline structure presenting a thickness-tunable direct bandgap and a high charge carrier mobility, with, therefore, enormous interest to photonics, optoelectronics and electronics. However, BP’s high susceptibility to oxidation when exposed to ambient conditions is a critical challenge for its implementation into functional systems. Here, we investigate the degradation of BP flakes exposed to various environmental conditions by synchrotron infrared nanospectroscopy (SINS). As a near-field based technique, SINS provides sub-diffractional mid-infrared images and spectra from nano-sized domains. Supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations, our SINS spectra reveal the formation of nanoscale PO x domains, with x between 0.5 and 1, and a 100 meV red shift in the bandgap of flakes exposed to air for a few minutes. On the other hand, exposure to air for 24 h led to the preferential formation of H3PO4, with complete removal of the electronic transitions from the mid-infrared spectral window, while a long (1 month) exposure to low O2 levels mainly led to the formation of P4O8 and P4O9 species. The SINS analysis allows correlating the morphology of oxidized samples to the oxide type, thus, contributing to a comprehensive characterization of the BP degradation process.

Development and evaluation of the British English coordinate response measure speech-in-noise test as an occupational hearing assessment tool.

PubMed

Semeraro, Hannah D; Rowan, Daniel; van Besouw, Rachel M; Allsopp, Adrian A

2017-10-01

The studies described in this article outline the design and development of a British English version of the coordinate response measure (CRM) speech-in-noise (SiN) test. Our interest in the CRM is as a SiN test with high face validity for occupational auditory fitness for duty (AFFD) assessment. Study 1 used the method of constant stimuli to measure and adjust the psychometric functions of each target word, producing a speech corpus with equal intelligibility. After ensuring all the target words had similar intelligibility, for Studies 2 and 3, the CRM was presented in an adaptive procedure in stationary speech-spectrum noise to measure speech reception thresholds and evaluate the test-retest reliability of the CRM SiN test. Studies 1 (n = 20) and 2 (n = 30) were completed by normal-hearing civilians. Study 3 (n = 22) was completed by hearing impaired military personnel. The results display good test-retest reliability (95% confidence interval (CI) < 2.1 dB) and concurrent validity when compared to the triple-digit test (r ≤ 0.65), and the CRM is sensitive to hearing impairment. The British English CRM using stationary speech-spectrum noise is a "ready to use" SiN test, suitable for investigation as an AFFD assessment tool for military personnel.

Oral lichen planus (OLP), oral lichenoid lesions (OLL), oral dysplasia, and oral cancer: retrospective analysis of clinicopathological data from 2002-2011.

PubMed

Casparis, S; Borm, J M; Tektas, S; Kamarachev, J; Locher, M C; Damerau, G; Grätz, K W; Stadlinger, B

2015-06-01

This 10-year retrospective study analyzed the incidence of malignant transformation of oral lichen planus (OLP). The study also included dysplasia and oral lichenoid lesion (OLL) in the initial biopsy as a potential differential diagnosis. A total of 692 scalpel biopsies were taken from 542 patients (207 [38.2%] men and 335 [61.8%] women). Clinical and histopathological parameters were analyzed. The parameters gender (p = 0.022) and smoking behavior (p < 0.001) were significantly associated with the severity of diagnosis. Mucosal lesions with an ulcerative appearance (p = 0.006) and those located on the floor of the mouth (p < 0.001) showed significantly higher degrees of dysplasia or were diagnosed as oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Smoking and joint disease appeared to be significant risk factors. Treatment with tretinoin in different concentrations (0.005-0.02%) significantly improved diagnosis. Twelve patients (8 female, 4 male) showed malignant transformation to OSCC within an average period of 1.58 years. The malignant transformation rate (MTR) was higher for OLL (4.4%) than OLP (1.2%). If the first biopsy showed intraepithelial neoplasia, the risk of developing OSCC increased (by 3.5% for squamous intraepithelial neoplasia (SIN) II and by 6.7% for SIN III). Although we cannot rule out that OLP is a premalignant oral condition, we can confirm that OLP had the lowest MTR of all diagnoses.

Corporate redemption and the seven deadly sins.

PubMed

Pearson, A E

1992-01-01

Competitive purgatory is the sorry state of too many formerly proud U.S. corporations. They are languishing from the devastating effects of seven familiar sins: inconsistent product quality; slow response to the marketplace; lack of innovative, competitive products; uncompetitive cost structure; inadequate employee involvement; unresponsive customer service; and inefficient resource allocation. To make matters worse, the maladies are mostly management-induced, and the remedies most managers are employing-shifting strategy, reallocating resources, focusing on operations--are proving ineffective. The cures don't address the cause of the disease: negative, risk-averse, bureaucratic work environments that flourished in decades of easy growth but today are undermining competitive performance. What's needed is a total reinvention of the soft side of the organization to produce a work environment that stresses speed, Spartanism, innovation, and marketplace focus. First, top managers must decide what their company stands for and convince their employees of this uniqueness. Second, they must set standards that drive their business to worldclass levels and be tough about enforcing and raising them. Third, they must push constantly to ensure that enough innovations take place to change the company's future significantly. Three other factors are crucial: the right talent, an effective reward system, and CEOs who can drive the desired changes personally. Creating a dynamic work environment is not easy: it takes perseverance, flexibility, and commitment. But these efforts will pay off: how people tackle problems, work together, and think about their jobs are the activities that make a company great.

Current structure and organization for renal patient assistance in Italy.

PubMed

Alloatti, Sandro; Strippoli, Giovanni Fm; Buccianti, Gherardo; Daidone, Giuseppe; Schena, Francesco P

2008-04-01

Given the public health challenge and burden of chronic kidney disease, the Italian Society of Nephrology (SIN) has compiled a national census of Renal Units (RU) existing in the twenty Italian regions related to the year 2004. An on-line questionnaire including 158 items explored structural and human resources, organization aspects, activities and epidemiological data in SIN, 2004. The census identified 363 public RU, 303 satellite Dialysis Centres (DC) and 295 private DC totalling 961 DC [16.4 per million population (pmp)]. The inpatient renal beds were 2742 (47 pmp). Renal and dialysis activity was performed by 3728 physicians (64 pmp), of whom 2964 (80%) were nephrologists. There was no permanent medical assistance in 41% of satellite DC. There were 1802 renal admissions pmp and 99 renal biopsies pmp. The management of acute renal failure (13 456 cases; 230 pmp) represented a relevant proportion of the activities conducted in public RU. In 2004 there were 9858 new cases of end-stage kidney disease requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) (169 pmp). On 31 December 2004, 60 058 patients were on RRT (1027 pmp), 43 293 of which (740 pmp) were on dialysis and 16 765 (287 pmp) with renal graft. This census of the Italian RU and DC in 2004 provides decision makers and healthcare stakeholders with detailed data for benchmarking and has financial implications for the public health system. Similar analyses may be conducted in other countries permitting standardization of medical and cost-related aspects of renal care.

Erratum: The Growth Rate of Tidally Excited Waves in Accretion Disks

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Vishniac, Ethan T.; Zhang, Changsong

1997-03-01

In the paper ``The Growth Rate of Tidally Excited Waves in Accretion Disks'' by Ethan T. Vishniac and Changsong Zhang (ApJ, 461, 307 [1996]), the original formulae for the Eulerian velocities in terms of the Lagrangian displacements were in error. The correct formulae are (equation numbers here match those in the original paper) Δvr=-2ω¯ξr sin (2ω¯t+2θ) (33)and Δvθ=(3/2Ωξr+2ω¯ξθ) cos (2ω¯t+2θ) . (34) This changes the matrix elements used in calculating the wave growth rates to <ṽr|ΔL|A>=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞ṽr[vr(-(∂rΔvr)/2-(Δvθ)/r)-Δvz∂zvr-((2Δvθ)/r-(2Δvr)/r)vθ-χkr Δρ/ρ S]dz=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞ṽr{vr(ω¯∂rξr-2ω¯ (ξθ)/r-3Ω (ξr)/r)+∂zvr2ω¯ξz-(2vθ)/r [ξr(3Ω/2+2ω¯)+2ω¯ξθ]+χkrS[(ξr)/r+∂rξr+2/r ξθ+∂zξz(1+z∂zlnρ)]}dz ,<ṽθ|ΔL|A>=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞ṽθ[vr(∂rΔvθ+(Δvθ)/r)+vθ(-1/2 ∂rΔvr+(Δvr)/r-(Δvθ)/r)+Δvz∂zvθ]dz=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞ṽθ{vr[3Ω/2 ∂rξr+2ω¯∂rξθ-3Ω/4 (ξr)/r+(2ω¯-3Ω) (ξθ)/r]+vθ[ω¯∂rξr-2ω¯ (ξθ)/r-(3Ω+2ω¯) (ξr)/r]-2ω¯ξz∂zvθ}dz ,<ṽz|ΔL|A>=(sin(2ψ))/8-∞∞ṽz[vz(-∂zΔvz+1/2∂rΔvr-(Δvθ)/r)-Δvz∂zvz-Δρ/ρS(-(zΩ2)/(c2s)+∂z)χ-δ(1/ρ∂zΔP+2Δρ/ρzΩ2)]dz=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞ṽz{vz(-ω¯∂rξr-2ω¯ (ξθ)/r+2ω¯∂zξz)+2ω¯ξz∂zvz-Δρ/ρ S(-(zΩ2)/(c2s)+∂z)χ+zΩ2[(γ-2) Δρ/ρ+γ ΔS/S-∂zξz(2+z∂zlnρ+(γz2Ω2)/(c2s))]δ}dz , (44) (46) (48)<χ˜|ΔL|A>=sin (2ψ)/8 -∞∞χ˜[[-(c2s)/S ΔP/P krvr+(c2s)/S ((∂zΔP)/γP+ΔP/P ∂z)vz×{(γ-1/2)[(∂r(rΔvr))/r-(2Δvθ)/r]+Δvz(-(zΩ2)/(c2s)+∂z)+γ∂z(Δvz)}χ

Neural-network-assisted genetic algorithm applied to silicon clusters

NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS)

Marim, L. R.; Lemes, M. R.; dal Pino, A.

2003-03-01

Recently, a new optimization procedure that combines the power of artificial neural-networks with the versatility of the genetic algorithm (GA) was introduced. This method, called neural-network-assisted genetic algorithm (NAGA), uses a neural network to restrict the search space and it is expected to speed up the solution of global optimization problems if some previous information is available. In this paper, we have tested NAGA to determine the ground-state geometry of Sin (10⩽n⩽15) according to a tight-binding total-energy method. Our results indicate that NAGA was able to find the desired global minimum of the potential energy for all the test cases and it was at least ten times faster than pure genetic algorithm.

Myocardial motion estimation of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance images using tag motion constraints and multi-level b-splines interpolation.

PubMed

Liu, Hong; Yan, Meng; Song, Enmin; Wang, Jie; Wang, Qian; Jin, Renchao; Jin, Lianghai; Hung, Chih-Cheng

2016-05-01

Myocardial motion estimation of tagged cardiac magnetic resonance (TCMR) images is of great significance in clinical diagnosis and the treatment of heart disease. Currently, the harmonic phase analysis method (HARP) and the local sine-wave modeling method (SinMod) have been proven as two state-of-the-art motion estimation methods for TCMR images, since they can directly obtain the inter-frame motion displacement vector field (MDVF) with high accuracy and fast speed. By comparison, SinMod has better performance over HARP in terms of displacement detection, noise and artifacts reduction. However, the SinMod method has some drawbacks: 1) it is unable to estimate local displacements larger than half of the tag spacing; 2) it has observable errors in tracking of tag motion; and 3) the estimated MDVF usually has large local errors. To overcome these problems, we present a novel motion estimation method in this study. The proposed method tracks the motion of tags and then estimates the dense MDVF by using the interpolation. In this new method, a parameter estimation procedure for global motion is applied to match tag intersections between different frames, ensuring specific kinds of large displacements being correctly estimated. In addition, a strategy of tag motion constraints is applied to eliminate most of errors produced by inter-frame tracking of tags and the multi-level b-splines approximation algorithm is utilized, so as to enhance the local continuity and accuracy of the final MDVF. In the estimation of the motion displacement, our proposed method can obtain a more accurate MDVF compared with the SinMod method and our method can overcome the drawbacks of the SinMod method. However, the motion estimation accuracy of our method depends on the accuracy of tag lines detection and our method has a higher time complexity. Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

A PRECISION MEASUREMENT OF THE NEUTRINO MIXING ANGLE THETA (SUB 13) USING REACTOR ANTINEUTRINOS AT DAYA BAY.

DOE Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI.GOV)

KETTELL, S.; ET AL.

2006-10-16

This document describes the design of the Daya Bay reactor neutrino experiment. Recent discoveries in neutrino physics have shown that the Standard Model of particle physics is incomplete. The observation of neutrino oscillations has unequivocally demonstrated that the masses of neutrinos are nonzero. The smallness of the neutrino masses (<2 eV) and the two surprisingly large mixing angles measured have thus far provided important clues and constraints to extensions of the Standard Model. The third mixing angle, {delta}{sub 13}, is small and has not yet been determined; the current experimental bound is sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} < 0.17 at 90%more » confidence level (from Chooz) for {Delta}m{sub 31}{sup 2} = 2.5 x 10{sup -3} eV{sup 2}. It is important to measure this angle to provide further insight on how to extend the Standard Model. A precision measurement of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} using nuclear reactors has been recommended by the 2004 APS Multi-divisional Study on the Future of Neutrino Physics as well as a recent Neutrino Scientific Assessment Group (NUSAG) report. We propose to perform a precision measurement of this mixing angle by searching for the disappearance of electron antineutrinos from the nuclear reactor complex in Daya Bay, China. A reactor-based determination of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} will be vital in resolving the neutrino-mass hierarchy and future measurements of CP violation in the lepton sector because this technique cleanly separates {theta}{sub 13} from CP violation and effects of neutrino propagation in the earth. A reactor-based determination of sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} will provide important, complementary information to that from long-baseline, accelerator-based experiments. The goal of the Daya Bay experiment is to reach a sensitivity of 0.01 or better in sin{sup 2} 2{theta}{sub 13} at 90% confidence level.« less

[In Process Citation].

PubMed

Guzmán-Mercado, Elizabeth; Vásquez-Garibay, Edgar M; Troyo-Sanroman, Rogelio; Romero-Velarde, Enrique

2016-03-25

Objetivo: identificar los hábitos alimentarios de adolescentes embarazadas en cuatro estados civiles diferentes: casada, cohabita con una pareja, soltera sin pareja y soltera con una pareja. Métodos: en estudio transversal, se incluyeron 321 adolescentes embarazadas de 13-19 años que acudieron al Hospital Civil de Guadalajara Dr. Juan I Menchaca, Guadalajara (Jalisco, México). Se encontraban sanas, en cualquier trimestre del embarazo y pertenecían a un nivel socioe-conómico bajo o medio-bajo. El estado civil se estratificó en: casadas; en unión libre; soltera con una pareja y soltera sin pareja. Se incluyeron datos socio-demográficos, económicos y de hábitos de alimentación. Se utilizaron pruebas de ANOVA, pruebas post-hoc para Chi 2 , razón de momios y modelos de regresión logística. Resultados: la frecuencia de las adolescentes casadas fue de 9,3%, 59,8% en unión libre, 15,3% eran solteras sin pareja y 15,6% solteras con pareja. La baja escolaridad (RM 2,6 [1,5-4,4]) y la ocupación en el hogar (RM 4,47 [1,99-10,0]) predominaron entre las adolescentes en unión libre; la ocupación en el hogar (RM 0,28 [0,127-0,61]) y cenar sin compañía (RM 4,12 [1,62-10,8]) fueron significativamente más frecuentes en adolescentes sin pareja. El consumo de verduras fue menor en las adolescentes casadas y en quienes cohabitaban con pareja; el consumo de frijoles y pan dulce fue menor en adolescentes embarazadas casadas. Conclusión: debido a que ciertas variables y hábitos de alimentación mostraron diferencias entre los grupos es pertinente analizar las adolescentes embarazadas de acuerdo a su estado civil.

Modification of tRNALys UUU by Elongator Is Essential for Efficient Translation of Stress mRNAs

PubMed Central

Sansó, Miriam; Buhne, Karin; Carmona, Mercè; Paulo, Esther; Hermand, Damien; Rodríguez-Gabriel, Miguel; Ayté, José; Leidel, Sebastian; Hidalgo, Elena

2013-01-01

The Elongator complex, including the histone acetyl transferase Sin3/Elp3, was isolated as an RNA polymerase II-interacting complex, and cells deficient in Elongator subunits display transcriptional defects. However, it has also been shown that Elongator mediates the modification of some tRNAs, modulating translation efficiency. We show here that the fission yeast Sin3/Elp3 is important for oxidative stress survival. The stress transcriptional program, governed by the Sty1-Atf1-Pcr1 pathway, is affected in mutant cells, but not severely. On the contrary, cells lacking Sin3/Elp3 cannot modify the uridine wobble nucleoside of certain tRNAs, and other tRNA modifying activities such as Ctu1-Ctu2 are also essential for normal tolerance to H2O2. In particular, a plasmid over-expressing the tRNALys UUU complements the stress-related phenotypes of Sin3/Elp3 mutant cells. We have determined that the main H2O2-dependent genes, including those coding for the transcription factors Atf1 and Pcr1, are highly expressed mRNAs containing a biased number of lysine-coding codons AAA versus AAG. Thus, their mRNAs are poorly translated after stress in cells lacking Sin3/Elp3 or Ctu2, whereas a mutated atf1 transcript with AAA-to-AAG lysine codons is efficiently translated in all strain backgrounds. Our study demonstrates that the lack of a functional Elongator complex results in stress phenotypes due to its contribution to tRNA modification and subsequent translation inefficiency of certain stress-induced, highly expressed mRNAs. These results suggest that the transcriptional defects of these strain backgrounds may be a secondary consequence of the deficient expression of a transcription factor, Atf1-Pcr1, and other components of the transcriptional machinery. PMID:23874237

Modification of tRNA(Lys) UUU by elongator is essential for efficient translation of stress mRNAs.

PubMed

Fernández-Vázquez, Jorge; Vargas-Pérez, Itzel; Sansó, Miriam; Buhne, Karin; Carmona, Mercè; Paulo, Esther; Hermand, Damien; Rodríguez-Gabriel, Miguel; Ayté, José; Leidel, Sebastian; Hidalgo, Elena

2013-01-01

The Elongator complex, including the histone acetyl transferase Sin3/Elp3, was isolated as an RNA polymerase II-interacting complex, and cells deficient in Elongator subunits display transcriptional defects. However, it has also been shown that Elongator mediates the modification of some tRNAs, modulating translation efficiency. We show here that the fission yeast Sin3/Elp3 is important for oxidative stress survival. The stress transcriptional program, governed by the Sty1-Atf1-Pcr1 pathway, is affected in mutant cells, but not severely. On the contrary, cells lacking Sin3/Elp3 cannot modify the uridine wobble nucleoside of certain tRNAs, and other tRNA modifying activities such as Ctu1-Ctu2 are also essential for normal tolerance to H2O2. In particular, a plasmid over-expressing the tRNA(Lys) UUU complements the stress-related phenotypes of Sin3/Elp3 mutant cells. We have determined that the main H2O2-dependent genes, including those coding for the transcription factors Atf1 and Pcr1, are highly expressed mRNAs containing a biased number of lysine-coding codons AAA versus AAG. Thus, their mRNAs are poorly translated after stress in cells lacking Sin3/Elp3 or Ctu2, whereas a mutated atf1 transcript with AAA-to-AAG lysine codons is efficiently translated in all strain backgrounds. Our study demonstrates that the lack of a functional Elongator complex results in stress phenotypes due to its contribution to tRNA modification and subsequent translation inefficiency of certain stress-induced, highly expressed mRNAs. These results suggest that the transcriptional defects of these strain backgrounds may be a secondary consequence of the deficient expression of a transcription factor, Atf1-Pcr1, and other components of the transcriptional machinery.

--No Title--

Science.gov Websites

sin(2*pi*T) - 0.012 cos(2*pi*T) - 0.006 sin(4*pi*T) + 0.007 cos(4*pi*T) where pi = 3.14159265... and T 2018 6 2 58271 0.1170 0.4482 0.07673 2018 6 3 58272 0.1187 0.4480 0.07651 2018 6 4 58273 0.1203 0.4478 2018 7 2 58301 0.1626 0.4344 0.07174 2018 7 3 58302 0.1639 0.4336 0.07210 2018 7 4 58303 0.1652 0.4328

Ground Shock Effects from Accidental Explosions

DTIC Science & Technology

1976-11-01

1,200 P0 A = V P cp 8 Horizontal Dh = Dv tannin " 1 (cp/U)] Vh = Vv tan [sin" 1 (cp/U)] \\ - \\ tanfainŕ (cp/U)] For tan sin (c /U...explosive are not included in the present analysis . This effect will limit the credibility of the direct- induced ground shock predictions, but if the... analysis . Dr. D. R. Richmond of Lovelace Foundation provided data on human shock tolerances. 26 REFERENCES 1. "Structures to Resist the Effects of